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June Mathis

June Mathis (born June Beulah Hughes, January 30, 1887 – July 26, 1927) was an American screenwriter. Mathis was the first female executive for Metro/MGM and at only 35, she was the highest paid executive in Hollywood. In 1926 she was voted the third most influential woman in Hollywood, behind Mary Pickford and Norma Talmadge. Mathis is best remembered for discovering Rudolph Valentino and writing such films as The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1921), and Blood and Sand (1922).

Early life
June Mathis was born June Beulah Hughes in Leadville, Colorado, the only child of Virginia Ruth and Dr. Philip Hughes. Her parents divorced when she was seven and her mother remarried to William D. Mathis, a widower with three children whose name she would eventually adopt as a stage name.

She had been a sickly child and believed she healed herself through her sheer force of will. She believed everything was mental and everyone had certain vibrations, stating, "If you are vibrating in the right place, you will inevitably come in contact with the others who can help you. It's like tuning in on your radio. If you get the right wave-length, you have your station."

Mathis was educated in Salt Lake City and San Francisco. It was while in San Francisco she gained her first stage experience, dancing and doing imitations in vaudeville. At the age of 12 she joined a traveling company and at 17 became an ingenue, performing with Ezra Kendall in The Vinegar Buyer.

Later she appeared in several Broadway shows and toured for four seasons with the female impersonator Julian Eltinge in the widely popular show The Fascinating Widow. Supporting her now twice-widowed mother, she would continue to perform in theatre for the next 13 years.

Screenwriting
Mathis was determined to become a screenwriter and, accompanied with her mother, she moved to New York City, where she studied writing and went to the movies in the evenings. She entered a screenwriting competition; but despite not winning, her entry was so impressive it did bring job offers.

Her first script, House of Tears, would be directed by Edwin Carewe in 1915 and led to a contract in 1918 with Metro studios, later to be merged into MGM. As one of the first screenwriters to include details such as stage directions and physical settings in her work, Mathis saw scenarios as a way to make movies into more of an art form. Much of the standard screenwriting styles can be attributed to her. Mathis later credited her success to a strong concentration on plot and theme: "No story that did not possess a theme has ever really lived.... Occasionally one may make money and perhaps be popular for a time. But in the end it dies."

By 1919 Mathis and her mother had moved to Hollywood. After only a year of screenwriting, she had advanced to the head of Metro's scenario department. She was one of the first heads of any film department and the only female executive at Metro.

During her early years, she had a close association with silent star Alla Nazimova. Their films together can be said to be marked by over-sentimentality; what little praise these films received was due to Nazimova's acting rather the conventional romantic stories.

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
In 1921, Richard Rowland, the head of Metro, paid $20,000 and 10% of the gross earning for Vicente Blasco Ibáñez's novel The Four Horseman of the Apocalypse. The epic bestseller had been considered unadaptable by every major studio but Rowland handed the book to Mathis for adaptation and was so impressed with her screenplay that he asked her input on director and star. Mathis had seen Rudolph Valentino in a bit part in Eyes of Youth, and she exerted her influence to cast Valentino. Studio heads resisted hiring an unknown actor for a lead role. Despite her many other accomplishments, this "discovery" would grow to be her best-known act. For the same movie she also insisted the studio hire Rex Ingram as director.

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse was one of the first films with an anti-war theme. Mathis also injected some early depictions of alternative lifestyles; it featured a scene with German officers coming down the stairs in drag. Of the scene, Mathis later told the Los Angeles Times: "I had the German officers coming down the stairs with women's clothing on. To hundreds of people that meant no more than a masquerade party. To those who have lived and read, and who understand life, that scene stood out as one of the most terrific things in the picture."

Valentino

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse was a success, grossing $4,500,000 domestically, thus becoming one of the most commercially successful silent films ever made and launching Valentino into stardom. Even before it was released, Valentino was receiving offers from other studios. Taking Mathis' advice, he remained with Metro to get another solid role or two under his belt.

Mathis and Valentino remained friends after Four Horsemen. The older plain-looking Mathis doted on the talented, beautiful young man. Accounts state that Valentino regarded Mathis in a motherly way, calling her "Little Mother". Nita Naldi, who worked with them on Blood and Sand, said: "She mothered Rudy, and my dear she worshiped him and he worshiped her." "She discovered me, anything I have accomplished I owe to her, to her judgment, to her advice and to her unfailing patience and confidence in me", said Valentino on Mathis in a 1923 interview with Louella Parsons.

Mathis looked after Valentino's welfare during his time at Metro, making sure he gained the best parts and was taken care of. When Valentino showed up on the set for The Conquering Power, another Mathis script with Rex Ingram at the helm, his new-found stardom went to his head, along with resentment at working for the same wage of $350 a week. The friction between him and Ingram, and his need for more money to support mounting debts, led Valentino to sign with Famous Players–Lasky (later known as Paramount Pictures) for $1,000 a week.

Mathis was also one of the people who helped bail Valentino out of jail when he was arrested for bigamy, having married Natacha Rambova without finalizing his divorce to Jean Acker. Though the two were inseparable, their relationship became strained during Valentino's marriage to Rambova. When Mathis submitted a script for The Hooded Falcon, one of Valentino's pet projects, the couple deemed it unacceptable and asked to have it rewritten. Mathis took it as a great insult and broke off all contact with Valentino.

Executive
Mathis' position with Metro was called by the Los Angeles Times, "The Most Responsible Job ever Held by A Woman". She was arguably one of the most powerful women in Hollywood, even said to be almost as powerful as Mary Pickford. Mathis had influence over casting, choice of director and many other aspects of production. Her strength lay in careful preparation of the shooting script along with the director, cutting out waste in production while at the same time sharpening narrative continuity.

After she had spent seven years at Metro, Famous Players–Lasky was able to lure her away with the promise that she could continue to write for her protégé Valentino. When Valentino moved to Goldwyn Pictures, she did as well, this time gaining sovereign control.

Greed
Mathis continued to survive in Hollywood despite being involved in two of the greatest financial fiascoes of the 1920s. When Erich von Stroheim presented Goldwyn Pictures with his masterpiece Greed (1924), following Frank Norris's novel McTeague very closely, it was 42 reels and 10 hours long. Stroheim himself realized the original version was far too long, so he reduced it to 24 reels (6 hours), hoping the film could be screened with intermissions in two successive evenings. But Goldwyn executives demanded further cuts. Stroheim allowed his close friend Rex Ingram to reduce it to 18 reels (4½ hours).

However, in the middle of production, Goldwyn had merged with Metro and Louis B. Mayer Pictures to form Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. MGM took Greed out of Stroheim's hands and gave it to Mathis, with orders to cut it even more, which she assigned to a routine cutter, Joseph W. Farnham. The film was then reduced to 13 reels (2½ hours) long. In the process, many key characters were cut out, resulting in large continuity gaps.

There is speculation on whether Mathis took part in the actual cutting. However, for contractual reasons, her name was listed in the credits as a writer, and it was she who would be blamed for what Stroheim and his fans would call "tampering with his genius". In fact, Mathis had worked with Stroheim before and had been fond of his themes, and thus it is thought unlikely she would butcher his film unnecessarily.

Ben-Hur
For the original production of Ben Hur (1925), Mathis fought the studio over the casting and production for many months. It was her idea to film the $1 million script in Italy; the film would eventually come in just under $4 million. When she arrived the original director Charles Brabin, in his words, refused to let her "interfere". The production troubles were numerous, and due to political troubles engulfing Italy at the time, resulted in disputes and delayed permissions. When the sea battle was filmed near Livorno, Italy, many extras had apparently lied about being able to swim. The first attempt to film the chariot race was on a set in Rome, but there were problems with shadows and the racetrack surface. One of the chariots' wheels came apart and the stuntman driving it was thrown in the air and killed.

MGM inherited the production when it took over control of Goldwyn studios; with the film over budget and getting out of control, the studio halted production and relocated the shoot from Italy to California, under the supervision of Irving Thalberg. All of Brabin's footage was reviewed and considered unusable, and MGM would fire Mathis, Brabin, and stars George Walsh and Gertrude Olmstead; Replacing them with director Fred Niblo, screenwriters Bess Meredyth and Carey Wilson, and stars Ramon Novarro and May McAvoy.

After her return, First National hired her as editorial director. She also scripted several successful Colleen Moore pictures including Sally, The Desert Flower, and Irene. Mathis remained at First National for two years, but left over limitations and signed with United Artists; with her husband she made one picture for them, The Masked Woman. The Magic Flame (1927) would be her last picture, and one of her best, due in part to Ronald Colman's performance and Henry King's direction.

Personal life
A short woman with untamed brown hair and a love of Parisian fashion, she was also one of the first "writer-directors" and laid the groundwork for the later development of screenwriters becoming producers. A spiritualist with mystical bents, her scripts featured many heroes with a Christ-like demeanor. A believer in reincarnation, she always wore an opal ring when she wrote, convinced it brought her ideas.

Mathis had been romantically linked to George Walsh and Rex Ingram; however, she returned from Italy engaged to an Italian cinematographer named Silvano Balboni. The couple married on December 20, 1924, at the Mission of St. Cecilia, in Riverside, California.

Death
After Valentino's marriage to Rambova ended in 1925, the two reconciled at the premiere of Son of the Sheik when Valentino spotted Mathis with friends. When Valentino unexpectedly died in August 1926, Mathis offered up what she thought would be a temporary solution; she lent him her spot in the family crypt she had purchased in Hollywood Memorial Cemetery (now called the Hollywood Forever Cemetery). However, when Mathis herself died the following year, the arrangement became permanent.

On July 26, 1927, during the third act of the Broadway show The Squall at the 48th Street Theatre while accompanied by her 84-year-old grandmother Emily Hawkes, Mathis suffered a fatal heart attack. Her last words were reportedly, "Mother, I'm dying!"

Her ashes were returned to California: instead of "evicting" Valentino, Mathis' husband, Sylvano Balboni, moved Valentino to the crypt beside hers, sold the remaining crypt to Valentino's family and returned to Italy. Mathis and Valentino repose side by side to this day.

title: June Mathis


text:
User:Frazzydee~enwikibooks

I didn't feel like simply copying everything from my Wikipedia user page, and I knew that redirecting to wikipedia was bad style, so here is my fairly blank user page...its main purpose is to allow my fellow Wikibookians (hey, it worked with Wikipedia ;)) to click the "discuss this page" link without leaving a note on my Wikipedia userpage...Ta-ta for now.

Pages I contributed to significantly
This is a partial list of pages that I have contributed to significantly
 * A Tale of Two Cities
 * Optics
 * QBasic
 * Turing

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Frazzydee~enwikibooks


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Ab McDonald

Alvin Brian McDonald (February 18, 1936 – September 4, 2018) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward.

Career
Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, McDonald began his professional hockey career with the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1958. He later played for the Chicago Black Hawks, Detroit Red Wings, Boston Bruins, Pittsburgh Penguins, and St. Louis Blues. He won four straight Stanley Cups: three with Montreal followed by another with Chicago. He was the first team captain of the Penguins and Winnipeg Jets organizations, and scored the first goal for the Jets in the World Hockey Association (WHA). He ended his career after 147 games for Winnipeg, retiring after the 1973–74 season. He died at his home in Winnipeg from cancer on September 4, 2018, at the age of 82.

Awards and achievements

 * MJHL Second All-Star Team (1953)
 * Turnbull Cup MJHL Championships (1953 and 1954)
 * MJHL Scoring Champion (1954)
 * NHL All-Star Game (1958, 1959, 1961, 1969 and 1970)
 * Stanley Cup Championships (1958, 1959, 1960 and 1961)
 * Inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame and Museum in 1996
 * "Honoured Member" of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame

Transactions

 * June 7, 1960 – Traded to Chicago by Montreal with Reggie Fleming, Bob Courcy and Cec Hoekstra for Glen Skov, Terry Gray, Bob Bailey, Lorne Ferguson and the rights to Danny Lewicki.
 * June 8, 1964 – Traded to Boston by Chicago with Reggie Fleming for Doug Mohns.
 * May 31, 1965 – Traded to Detroit by Boston with Bob McCord and Ken Stephanson for Albert Langlois, Ron Harris, Parker MacDonald and Bob Dillabough.
 * June 6, 1967 – Claimed by Pittsburgh from Detroit in Expansion Draft.
 * June 11, 1968 – Traded to St. Louis by Pittsburgh for Lou Angotti.
 * May 12, 1971 – Traded to Detroit by St. Louis with Bob Wall and Mike Lowe to complete transaction that sent Carl Brewer to St. Louis (February 22, 1971).
 * February 12, 1972 – Selected by Winnipeg (WHA) in 1972 WHA General Player Draft.

title: Ab McDonald


text:
User:Arria Belli

I am most active on the French-language Wikipedia, where I am a member of the Arbitration Committee. You can contact me over at my fr:wp talkpage or my meta talkpage in any of the languages on my Babel template.

title: User:Arria Belli


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Karah Parshad

In Sikhism, Karah Parshad (Punjabi: ਕੜਾਹ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦ (Gurmukhi)), alternatively known as Deg or Degh (literally meaning "cooking pot"),  is a type of whole wheat flour halva made with equal portions of whole-wheat flour, clarified butter, and sugar and double quantity of water. It is offered to all visitors to the Darbar Sahib in a Gurdwara. It is regarded as a treat for attendees of gurmat seminars. As a sign of humanity and respect, visitors accept the Prashad sitting, with hands raised and cupped. The offering and receiving of this food is a vital part of hospitality protocols. It has the same amount of whole-wheat flour, clarified butter and sugar, to emphasize the equality of men and women. The Sewadar serves it out of the same bowl to everyone in equal portions. The Karah prasad is a sacred food; if it is not accepted, it may be interpreted by some Sikhs as an insult. Prashad is also taken at the initiation ceremony of Amrit Sanchar at the very end where it is shared out equally among all. It is a symbol showing that everyone is equal. The sacred food is also distributed during Naam Karan and Antam Sanskar ceremonies.

The Gurdwara is the place where Sikhs go to worship. Gurdwaras can be any size or shape, but one thing they always have is a kitchen, or langar. People can go there for food, and can even rest there for the night. Every day a meal is prepared here for as many people who want to eat and its free of charge.

According to W.H. McLeod, the practices surrounding karah prasad were presumably taken from the Hindu custom of offering prasad in temples.

title: Karah Parshad


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User:CQ/2006/W41/2

10 October 2006

 * 17:35 User:CQ (new user)
 * 17:47 User talk:CQ (Talk to me!)
 * 18:11 Topic:Perl (→Enrolled - enrolled)
 * 20:16 Topic talk:Perl (breaking the ice)
 * 20:18 Introduction to Perl (brief and casual)
 * 21:31 Perl.org (A breakdown of what's at perl.org - including external links to key resources we'll be looking at)
 * 21:45 Hello, world! (→Perl - put in the #!/usr/bin/perl line)
 * 23:10, 10 October 2006 (hist) (diff) User talk:CQ (Thanks Cormac! I'm glad I finally got around to it. Nice work. Wikiversity is looking good!)
 * 22:42, 10 October 2006 (hist) (diff) Introduction to Perl (Category:Computer programming)

2006 | Week 41

title: User:CQ/2006/W41/2


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sedersi

Verb

 * 1) to sit, sit down, take a seat
 * 1) to sit, sit down, take a seat

Conjugation
Including lesser-used forms:

title: sedersi


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2020 AFL Women's season

The 2020 AFL Women's season was the fourth season of the AFL Women's (AFLW) competition, the highest-level senior women's Australian rules football competition in Australia. The season featured 14 clubs and ran from 7 February to 22 March; it was intended to comprise an eight-round home-and-away season followed by a three-week finals series featuring the top three clubs from each conference, however the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March saw the season curtailed and finally abandoned without a premiership being awarded. Australian Football League (AFL) clubs, , and  featured for the first time in 2020.

's Madison Prespakis won the AFL Women's best and fairest award as the league's best and fairest player, and St Kilda's Caitlin Greiser won the AFL Women's leading goalkicker award as the league's leading goalkicker.

New teams
Four new teams,, , and , joined the competition, bringing the total number of teams to fourteen. This followed on from the inclusion of and  in the previous season.

Collective bargaining agreement
Prior to the season commencing a collective bargaining agreement failed to pass the player's association, with only 70% agreeing, falling short of the required 75% threshold. One of the demands of the dissenters was to have a longer season, so that all the teams could play each other once. The players later voted with a vote of 98% to agree to a revised agreement, which steadily increased the number of matches to be played over three years.

Conference system
The conference system utilised in the previous season was retained for this season, though it was expanded to cater for the additional teams. Seven teams were placed in each of the two conferences, with teams playing all their intra-conference rivals once and two cross-over matches against teams from the other conference, resulting in an 8-round home and away season. The placing of the teams was determined by the AFL with competitiveness, list assessments and the previous season's results in mind.

Impact of 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic
The 2020 season was disrupted and then brought to an early end by the COVID-19 pandemic, which was formally declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020, prior to Round 6. The pandemic had the following effects on the season:
 * All matches played from 14 March onwards were played to empty stadiums.
 * The final two rounds of the home-and-away season were scratched and the finals brought forward by two weeks, being played based on ladder positions at the time.
 * The finals series was expanded from six teams to eight. Under the original schedule, the top team in each conference was to advance directly to the preliminary finals while the second and third placed teams played off in semi-finals; but under the modified system, the fourth placed teams also qualified, and faced the first placed teams in semi-finals. Partway through the finals series, it was announced that no premiership will be awarded after the Victorian government announced a shutdown of all non-essential operations on 22 March 2020.

Home-and-away season
The originally scheduled eight-round fixture and make-up of the conferences was released on 29 October 2019.
 * All starting times are Australian Eastern Time.
 * home games originally scheduled at the Swinburne Centre, the club's home ground, were later moved to Ikon Park out of concerns for crowd capacity.

Progression by round

 * Numbers highlighted in green indicates the team finished the round inside the top 3.
 * Numbers highlighted in blue indicates the team finished in first place in the conference for that round.
 * Numbers highlighted in red indicates the team finished in last place in the conference for that round.

League awards

 * The league best and fairest was awarded to Madison Prespakis of, who polled 15 out of 18 votes.
 * The leading goalkicker was awarded to Caitlin Greiser of, who kicked ten goals during the home and away season.
 * The Rising Star was awarded to Isabel Huntington of the.
 * There was no Grand Final best on ground medal awarded, as the match was not played on account of the season's early termination due to the coronavirus pandemic.
 * The goal of the year was awarded to Kate Hore of.
 * The mark of the year was awarded to Rebecca Privitelli of.
 * AFLW Players Association awards
 * The most valuable player was awarded to Jasmine Garner.
 * The most courageous player was awarded to Kiara Bowers.
 * The best captain was awarded to Daisy Pearce.
 * The best first year player was awarded to Georgia Patrikios.
 * The AFLW Coaches Association champion player of the year was awarded to Jasmine Garner.
 * Karen Paxman was named captain of the All-Australian team. Twelve of the fourteen clubs had at least one representative in the 21-woman team.
 * were the lowest ranked team overall, and thus could be said to have "won" the wooden spoon, though this is a contestable claim given the use of conferences.

AFLW leading goalkicker
Source
 * Numbers highlighted in blue indicates the player led the season's goal kicking tally at the end of that round. The total is updated following the conclusion of the round.

title: 2020 AFL Women's season


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User:Kailash chand bhardwaj/sandbox

Kailash Bhardwaj (born May 27, 1990) is Web Designer.Gradute in BCA from G.P.G.C. Solan.

title: User:Kailash chand bhardwaj/sandbox


text:
Talk:St Bartholomew's Hospital, Rochester

Land by the synagogue
One web site refers to a "strip of land to the west of the synagogue". It's not quite clear from a site visit to what this refers. Does anyone know for certain? My only guess is the passage way leading to the graveyard to the rear of the synagogue, but that is part of the synagogue site. Martin of Sheffield (talk) 12:16, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * After further inspection this strip can only be the access to the graveyard. It is not accurately aligned with Ship Lane, and the surface is not that old.  Furthermore, at the time that the hospital was a leper hospital it was on the old site, adjacent to the church, not the new site behind the synagogue.  I'm fairly sure that this is therefore legend and am removing from the main page unless anyone can provide a decent citation. Martin of Sheffield (talk) 16:38, 10 October 2012 (UTC)


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Baltimore National Cemetery

Baltimore National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located along Maryland Route 144 on both sides of the boundary between the neighborhoods of Beechfield in Baltimore City and Catonsville in Baltimore County. It encompasses 72.2 acre. , the cemetery has nearly 46,000 interments. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

A kiosk located on the side of the cemetery's administration building lists the names of veterans and dependents buried in this and two other cemeteries: Annapolis National Cemetery and Loudon Park National Cemetery. The kiosk also provides map locations for each grave.

History
The area of the Baltimore National Cemetery was once part of an elevated site in Baltimore, referred to as early as 1750 as the Cloud-Capped estate. It was originally owned by the Baltimore Company and Charles Carroll of Carrollton. In 1890 it was acquired by Blanchard and Susan Randall. When the nearby Loudon Park National Cemetery was deemed full, the War Department surveyed the area for a new site. In 1936 the federal government took possession of the land for a cost of $95,000, and began converting the estate to "Little Arlington". The old mansion was demolished, fences were put up, roads were constructed, and landscaping was done as part of a Works Progress Administration to invest in infrastructure during the Great Depression. The first interment took place on December 22, 1936, but the cemetery was not formally dedicated until May 30, 1941. In 2019, The Durable Restoration Company provided restoration of the exterior Tudor style stone facade and slate roof.

Notable monuments
The memorial area of the cemetery has monuments representing each of the six United States Marine Corps divisions from World War II.

Notable interments

 * Medal of Honor recipients
 * Fireman, First Class Loddie Stupka (1878–1946), Medal of Honor recipient for peacetime service in the United States Navy.
 * Other notable burials
 * CW2 Joseph B. Aviles, Sr. (1897–1990), the first Hispanic promoted to chief petty officer and later the first Hispanic to be promoted to chief warrant officer in the United States Coast Guard.
 * Hattie Carroll (1911–1963), murder victim whose death was the subject of Bob Dylan's song "The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll".
 * Rear Admiral Leo Otis Colbert (1883–1968), third Director, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps (1938–50).
 * Elijah Stansbury Jr. (1791–1883), Mayor of Baltimore, member of the Maryland House of Delegates, soldier in War of 1812
 * Waters Edward Turpin (1910–1968), author during the Harlem Renaissance, United States Navy

title: Baltimore National Cemetery


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gary McDaid

The result was Speedy Keep – Withdrawn by nominator.   Discant X  10:36, 16 February 2015 (UTC)

Gary McDaid

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Not notable. High school teacher with some mention from local papers, but no indication of widespread signifcance. Most sources only have passing mention of him.   Discant X  13:03, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

Withdrawn by nominator

 * Speedy keep - I don't know what was intended to be AfD'd but this page is about a Gaelic football manager, not a high school teacher. The actual subject is clearly notable. --ThaddeusB (talk) 17:00, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I see now there was some old vandalism that changed his occupation to "P.E. teacher" in the infobox, so that is probably the source of the confusion. Anyway, he isn't a teacher and there are several in depth sources in the article already. --ThaddeusB (talk) 17:14, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * ThaddeusB, I see my mistake in thinking he was a high school teacher. It was probably partially a result of regional dialect differences (P.E. teacher is usually meant to mean high school physical education teacher in my parts). That said, I'm still not convinced that most of the sources serve more than passing mentions of him, and the ones that do are mostly from a local newspaper from the town he is from. Small town newspapers, though often reliable, tend to report on subjects that are only notable within their tiny domain. That said, I'm no expert on college sports so if this is the kind of material that is commonly used for reference on Wikipedia on the subject, I'm open to argument.   Discant X  10:51, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * As well, not so sure "PE Teacher" was strictly vandalism, as one source names him specifically as that.   Discant X  11:03, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * You still miss the point. Working at the school (a HS in American terms, but a college in British terms) is incidental to his claim of notability - coaching Glenswilly GAA, a top-level sports club (to two championships even). --ThaddeusB (talk) 15:19, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Okay. I see your point. I'm going to withdraw my nomination then.   Discant X  10:36, 16 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Ireland-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 19:09, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Sportspeople-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 19:09, 11 February 2015 (UTC)


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Eliza Kent

Eliza Kent (1760 – 29 January 1810) was a British traveller and writer. It is thought that Eliza was the first European woman to have official duties in Australia as "First Lady" to her husband's uncle who was the second Governor of New South Wales. She spent five years travelling on board a ship and wrote about her visit to New Caledonia and one of her voyages from New South Wales to England.

Life
Kent's father William was from Newcastle and she is said to have received several offers before she married William Kent who was in the navy and he was her cousin. They married in Newcastle in 1791 and their first child was born in 1792 who they named after John Hunter. At the beginning of 1795 the family set off on HMS Supply (1793) under her husband's command bound for Sydney en route to New South Wales. They arrived in Sydney where William's uncle John Hunter joined the party. On 16 February, they sailed for New South Wales accompanied by Captain John Hunter in HMS Reliance (1793).

Hunter was the new and only the second governor of the colony. Hunter was a single man, so Eliza would take up the role of "First Lady" at the governor's receptions. It is thought that Eliza was the first European woman to have official duties in Australia.

The ships arrived at Sydney on 7 September, and for the next five years Kent was employed in the service of the colony, making voyages to Norfolk Island and the Cape of Good Hope, and surveying parts of the coast of New South Wales.

In 1800 Governor Hunter returned to London on board HMS Buffalo with her husband as the captain and she and their family were on board. When they reached the UK they returned almost immediately, but they left their three children in the UK. She was on that ship for five years as once back in Australia they set out for New Caledonia and then to Calcutta. Whilst she was in New Caledonia she wrote to her mother about life there. In 1807 she wrote for the Athenaeum magazine about life in New Caledonia as it was an area of the world that few people knew about. This was followed by another piece that described her return journey of 1800–1801.

She died on 29 January 1810 in London. She was survived by her husband and three of their children who although born in Australia were still in the United Kingdom. Their son, William, was lacking in money until he returned to Australia to find his inheritance. William and Eliza had built a large house whilst they were in Australia. Their daughter Penelope was mentioned in John Hunter's will because she had cared for him in his old age.

title: Eliza Kent


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Matt Mercer (actor)

The result was delete.  Sandstein  08:21, 26 October 2019 (UTC)

Matt Mercer (actor)

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

First off, it is very difficult to find reliable sources for this subject, since looking up "Matt Mercer" on Google generates results on the far more notable Critical Role star Matthew Mercer, who is also known for his notable roles in anime and video games.

And when sources *were* found, they are just brief mentions of the subject, and barely any of them have significant depth. There is barely any coverage from credible news sources. So I'm convinced that the subject fails WP:SIGCOV.

Furthermore, the subject is largely involved with indie films or really, really low budget productions, many of which have barely any notability nor coverage to speak of, so I am not convinced that the subject meets WP:ENT, either.

On top of that, I also think this subject also does not meet WP:WHYN. Quoting the guideline: We require "significant coverage" in reliable sources so that we can actually write a whole article, rather than half a paragraph or a definition of that topic. If only a few sentences could be written and supported by sources about the subject, that subject does not qualify for a separate page, but should instead be merged into an article about a larger topic or relevant list. From the same guideline: Because these requirements are based on major content policies, they apply to all articles, not solely articles justified under the general notability criteria. I'm not convinced that you could write very much for this subject due to the lack of sources.

PS: If you look into the subject's article history, you could see that the draft was declined several times, and that it is has never been approved by anyone. This means the reviewers never thought the subject meets our notability criteria to begin with. Sk8erPrince (talk) 15:21, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Actors and filmmakers-related deletion discussions. Sk8erPrince (talk) 15:21, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Virginia-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 15:21, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Authors-related deletion discussions.  CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 15:50, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Film-related deletion discussions.  CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 15:50, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Television-related deletion discussions.  CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 15:50, 24 September 2019 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, RL0919 (talk) 16:08, 1 October 2019 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks,  Sandstein   19:03, 8 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Weak keep as he does have some leading roles in films that might be independent but do have multiple critics reviews at Rotten Tomatoes which means they are notable. His roles can be confirmed in those reviews, imv Atlantic306 (talk) 19:51, 14 October 2019 (UTC)
 * But do those reviews talk about the subject, or the films themselves? From what I could see, it seems to be the latter with trivial to no mention of the subject; hence failing WP:SIGCOV. --Sk8erPrince (talk) 00:28, 15 October 2019 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus. Relisting comment: There is only one keep vote which is weak keep, so an extra week should be given to allow extra time for discussion.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, ミラP 17:06, 16 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete - Not an easy subject to judge, but looking at the provided sources, two of them are 404 and the rest consist of mere mentions that fail WP:SIGCOV or interviews that also fail WP:RS and WP:IS. Movies where the subject stars in are low-budget productions and for the most part, barely pass WP:GNG on their own. Perhaps if more reliable sources were added to the article my opinion would change. — Centron    X   11:05, 19 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete for lack of evidence of notability; i.e. he's not famous and has not done anything particularly notable.Strandvue (talk) 00:24, 24 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete Looking at the article's sources, no WP:SIGCOV (sources are passing mentions, interviews) so doesn't pass WP:GNG. However WP:NACTOR says "Has had significant roles in multiple notable films". The subject has had a role in various films we have articles on. Of those, Beyond the Gates (film) and The Toybox look notable, in comparison with the others that do not. Any film we have an article on must by definition be notable, no? Are these two films notable enough, and did he play a leading role? -Lopifalko (talk) 14:17, 24 October 2019 (UTC)
 * I don't think The Toybox is a particularly notable film; plus, there is no in depth coverage of the subject for that production. Failing WP:SIGCOV means that the subject is not notable enough to have their own article. --Sk8erPrince (talk) 04:47, 25 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete based on lack of WP:SIGCOV to meet WP:BASIC, including in The New York Times as highlighted by others, and the lack of notability of the B movie horror films required to satisfy WP:NACTOR. -Lopifalko (talk) 05:48, 25 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Keep. His performances in films have been reviewed two times in The New York Times (see here and here). If he's in leading roles in films being reviewed by major film critics he meets that criteria #1 of WP:NACTOR.4meter4 (talk) 01:47, 25 October 2019 (UTC)
 * First of all, Jason and the Golden Fleece isn't a film; it's a play. [1] Quoting the NY Times article: JASON AND THE GOLDEN FLEECE, a play by Arthur Perlman, based on Greek myth, presented by Theaterworks/USA at the Auditorium at the Equitable Tower, 787 Seventh Avenue, at 51st Street, Manhattan. Also, that NY Times article you linked only has a mere passing mention of the subject; that's not significant, in depth coverage. It talks more about the play itself than the subject. We also don't have an article of the play in question, so it's definitely not a notable theatre production.

 * So no, I would disagree on the claim that the subject meets WP:NACTOR. --Sk8erPrince (talk) 04:47, 25 October 2019 (UTC)


text:
User:SlimJim/sandbox

hu:User:SlimJim

Check here to see whether the username you want is available.

FOLLOW UP

User:SlimJim/sandbox/Shelly's Leg

check this

O2

« »

( — Preceding unsigned comment added by add IP address here (talk • contribs) )

-- S l i m  J i m  Talk

Not working on anything at the moment

1965 – English model Jean Shrimpton (pictured) wore a controversially short minidress to Derby Day at Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne, Australia – a pivotal moment of the introduction of the miniskirt to women's fashion.

title: User:SlimJim/sandbox


text:
doorkruisen

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to go across, travel across
 * 2)  to compass (go about or round entirely)

Etymology 2
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to cross out

title: doorkruisen


text:
Linguistics/Phonology

The human brain is an amazing piece of work. Every time you utter a sound, or hear one, there are dozens of things that happen subconsciously and take the sound and reduce it to one of several distinct sounds that we use in our language. The problem is that these distinct sounds are different in different languages. When you come into a new language and you hear a sound you're not used to, you automatically try to fit it into one of your previous categories of sounds. This can cause interesting problems.

Let's illustrate this with a (slightly-hypothetical) analogy. There is one group of people from the Land of Men, and another from the Land of Women. In the Land of Men there are only a few colours: red, blue, brown, yellow, pink, green, and a few more. In the Land of Women, however, there are many more: chartreuse, magenta, terracotta, viridian, lavender rose, etc. Whole books could be written about the colours in the land of women, and indeed, some have.

When the men visit the Land of Women, they have no end of trouble. You see their road signs are colour-coded. The women have no problem with this. Their stop signs are rust-coloured and their yield signs are painted in auburn. Now the men, they look at both of these colours and see brown. So as far as they can tell, all stop signs are brown in the Land of Women; however, sometimes women will stop at the stop signs and sometimes they drive right through. Obviously the women must be terrible drivers. Likewise, the women notice the men have an annoying habit of always stopping at yield signs.

Similarly, speakers of different languages compartmentalize the sounds they hear in words into different categories. For instance, in English the words 'toe' and 'so' are distinguished by their initial consonants: 'toe' begins with the sound /t/ while 'so' begins with /s/. However, many speakers of the language Tok Pisin do not differentiate between these sounds, and they may be interchanged without changing the meaning of words (e.g. [tupu] or [supu] for the word tupu, meaning 'soup'). Thus knowing how languages classify sounds is at least as important as knowing what sounds they use in the first place.

We can speak of a language's phonology as being how it carves up the acoustic space into meaningful units. This is an area of study practiced by phonologists.

Phonemes
The basic unit of study of phonology is the phoneme, which may be defined as sets of phones which function as one unit in a language, and provide contrast between different words. In other words, a phoneme is a category that speakers of a language put certain sounds into. For instance, returning to the Tok Pisin example above, the sounds [s] and [t] would both belong to the phoneme /t/. (In the IPA, phonemes are conventionally enclosed in forward slashes //.)

As another example, try pronouncing the English words keys and schools carefully, paying close attention to the variety of [k] in each. You should find that in the first there is a noticeable puff of air (aspiration), while in the second it is absent. These words may be written more precisely phonetically as [kʰiz] and [skulz]. However, since aspiration never changes the meaning of a word, both of these sounds belong to the phoneme /k/, and so the phonetic representations of these words are /kiz/ and /skulz/.

It should be evident why it is appropriate to refer to the phoneme as a level of abstraction away from the phone. We have removed a layer of information which, while interesting in itself, does not interact in many aspects of a language.

The phonemic inventory of a language is the collection of phonemes in a language. We looked at English's in the last chapter.

Allophony
Two phones are called allophones if they belong to the same phoneme. For instance, in Tok Pisin [t] and [s] are allophones of /t/, and in English [k] and [kʰ] are allophones of /k/.

Allophones are often conditioned by their environment, meaning that one can figure out which allophone is used based on context. For example, in most varieties of American English, the English phoneme /t/ is realized as a tap [ɾ] between vowels in normal speech when not preceding a stressed vowel, for example in the word "butter". In a case like this we can say that the plosive [t] and tap [ɾ] allophones of the phoneme /t/ are in complementary distribution, as every environment selects for either one or the other, and the allophones themselves may be referred to as complementary allophones. Similarly [k] and [kʰ] are in complementary distribution, as [k] mainly occurs in the sequence /sk/, while [kʰ] occurs elsewhere.

By contrast, allophones may sometimes co-occur in the same environment, in which case they are in free variation. For example, the English word cat's word-final /t/ phoneme may be realized either with an audible release, or as the tongue held in the gesture without being released. These phones, notated as [t] and [t̚] in the IPA, are free variants, as either is allowed to occur in the same position. Similarly [s] and [t] are free variants for some speakers of Tok Pisin.

Minimal pairs
An important question which may have occurred to you already is: how can we tell what is a phoneme? One of the most robust tools for examining phonemes is the minimal pair. A minimal pair is a pair of words which differ only in one segment. For example, the English words do /du/, too /tu/, you /ju/, moo /mu/ all form minimal pairs with each other. In a minimal pair one can be sure that the difference between the words is phonemic in nature, because the segments in question are surrounded by the same environment and thus cannot be allophones of each other. In other words, they are in contrastive distribution.

This is not a foolproof tool. In some cases it may by chance be impossible to find a minimal pair for two phonemes even though they clearly contrast. In many cases it is possible to find near-minimal pairs, where the words are so similar that it is unlikely that any environment is conditioning an allophone.

Finally this also requires some common sense, since phonemes may be in complementary distribution without being likely allophones. For instance, the English phonemes /h/ and /ŋ/ (both occurring in the word hung /hʌŋ/) can never occur in the same environment, as /h/ is always syllable-initial and /ŋ/ always syllable-final. However few would suggest that these phonemes are allophones. Since English speakers never confuse them, they are auditorily quite different, and substituting one for another in a word would render it unintelligible. Unfortunately there is no hard-and-fast consensus on precisely how to be sure sounds are allophones or not, and in many languages there is vigorous debate.

Phonotactics
Phonotactics are the rules that govern how phonemes can be arranged. Look at the following lists of made-up words:

 * Pfilg
 * Dchbin
 * Riaubg
 * Streelling
 * Mard
 * Droib

The first three are 'unpronounceable' because they violate English's phonotatic constraints: 'pf' and 'dchb' aren't allowed at the start of a syllable, while 'bg' isn't allowed at the end. The next three are nonsensical words, but they do not violate phonotactics, so they have an 'English-like' feel. Lewis Carroll was particularly skilled in the art of creating such words. Some of his creations were immortalised in his poem Jabberwocky. Here are a couple of stanzas from his famed work:

Note that different languages have different phonotactics. The Czech Republic has cities like Brno and Plzeň, while the Mandarin for Amsterdam is Amusitedan. Czech phonotactics allow for really complicated consonant clusters, while Mandarin allows for none.

Morphophonology
Morphophonology (or morphophonemics) looks at how morphology (the structure of words) interacts with phonology. In morphophonology one may talk about underlying or morpho-phonemic representations of words, which is a level of abstraction beneath the phonemic level. To see how this follows from the definition of morphophonology, it is necessary to look at an example. Compare the Biloxi words:

 * de 'he goes' - da 'don't go'
 * ande 'he is' - anda 'be!'
 * ide 'it falls' - ide 'fall!'
 * da 'he gathers' - da 'gather!'

Some also use this approach to deal with cases of neutralization and underspecification. Compare the Turkish words: Similar patterns in other words in Turkish show that while final stops are always devoiced, some will always voice when followed by a vowel added by suffixing, while the others always stay voiceless. Phonemically both ets must be represented as /et/, because phonemes are defined as the smallest units that may make words contrast (be distinguishable), so if we said the word for 'to do' was phonemically /ed/ then the two words would have to contrast! Still, we would like to say that on a more abstract level the word for 'to do' ends in a different segment, which doesn't surface (be realized) in some positions. The level of abstraction above the phoneme is known as an underlying or morpho-phonemic representation, and as is conventional we will indicate it here with pipes ||. Underlyingly, these Turkish words may be represented as |et|, |eti|, |ed|, and |edi|, and in the same way other Turkish words with this type of voicing alternation underlyingly end in a voiced stop, which surfaces as a voiceless phoneme when word-final.
 * et 'meat'
 * eti 'his meat'
 * et 'to do'
 * edi 'he does'

The parallelism between the morpho-phonemic layer and the phonemic layer should be clear. Just like how phonemes surface as phones conditioned by their environment, underlying segments surface as phonemes. The important difference is that the surfacing of morpho-phonemic segments as phonemes occurs after morphological processes (e.g. adding endings on to words) take place. In a sense, morphophonology is morphologically informed, while plain phonology isn't.

Issues
In some theoretical frameworks of speech (such as phonetics and phonology for applied linguistics and language teaching or speech therapy), it is convenient to break up a language's sounds into categorical sounds—that is, sound types called 'phonemes'. The construct of the phoneme, however, is largely a phonological concern in that it is supposed to model and refer to a transcendental entity that superstructurally and/or psychologically sits over the phonetic realizations and common variations of a sound in a language.

For example, if the English phoneme /l/ is posited to subsist, it might be said to do so because the /l/ of 'light' creates a clear contrast with a phonetically similar sounding word, such as 'right' or 'write' (both of which have a distinct /r/ at the beginning instead of a distinct /l/). Thus, 'light' and 'write' are a 'minimal pair' illustrating that, in English at least, phonemic /l/ and phonemic /r/ are distinct sound categories, and that such a distinction holds for realized speech.

Such a model has the profound weakness of circular logic: phonemes are used to delimit the semantic realm of language (lexical or higher level meaning), but semantic means (minimal pairs of words, such as 'light' vs. 'right' or 'pay' vs. 'bay') are then used to define the phonological realm. Moreover, if phonemes and minimal pairs were such a precise tool, why would they result in such large variations of the sound inventories of languages (such as anywhere from 38–50 phonemes for counts of English)? Also, it is the case that most words (regardless of homophones like 'right' and 'write', or minimal pairs like 'right' and 'light') differentiate meaning on much more information than a contrast between two sounds.

The phoneme is really a structuralist and/or psycholinguistic category belonging to phonology that is supposed to subsist ideally over common variations (called 'allophones') but be realized in such ways as the so-called 'clear' [l] at the beginning of a word like 'like' but also as the so-called 'dark' [l] at the end of a word like 'feel'.

Such concerns are really largely outside of the realm of phonetics because structuralist and/or psycholinguistic categories are really about cognitive and mentalist aspects of language processing and acquisition. In other words, the phoneme may (or may not) be a reality of phonology; it is in no way an actual physical part of realized speech in the vocal tract. Realized speech is highly co-articulated, displays movement and spreads aspects of sounds over entire syllables and words. It is convenient to think of speech as a succession of segments (which may or may not coincide closely with phonemes, ideal segments) in order to capture it for discussion in written discourse, but actual phonetic analysis of speech confounds such a model. It should be pointed out, however, that if we wish to set down a representation of dynamic, complex speech into static writing, constructs like phonemes are very convenient fictions to indicate what we are trying to set down (alternative units in order to capture language in written form, though, include the syllable and the word).

Exercise 1: Kalaallisut
Kalaallisut, or Greenlandic, is an Eskimo-Aleut language spoken by most of the population of Greenland, and has more speakers than all other Eskimo-Aleut languages combined. While Kalaallisut is currently written using five vowel letters, it is analyzed as having only three underlying vowel phonemes. From the following words, deduce Kalaallisut's phonemic vowel inventory and what conditions the allophonic vowels:

 * assaat - forearm
 * assoqquppaa - goes windward of it
 * assoruuppoq - pulls himself together
 * ilisimannippoq - has knowledge of something
 * isuma - mind
 * kikkut - which, whom, whose (pl.)
 * mulequt - leaf
 * nukarlersaat - the youngest of them
 * nuliariipput - they are married
 * orsuut - blubber
 * paamaarpoq - is slow
 * paaq - soot
 * qinnilinnik piiaat - screwdriver
 * sakiak - rib
 * terlippoq - is safe
 * uagut - we
 * utoqqaq - old
 * uffarvik - bathtub
 * ullortuvoq - the day is long
 * versi - verse

(Words taken from this Greenlandic English Dictionary.)

title: Linguistics/Phonology


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chicken fried radio

Chicken fried radio
Appears to be advertising or vanity. Is this podcast popular enough to have an article? - S. Komae (talk) 02:17, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

That's a valid question. And a hard one to answer. What, in your opinion, would you consider the threshold for popular "enough?"

As far as I know, chicken fried radio has an exposure of at least 3,000 people worldwide. I think whether it's popular enough is a call for you guys to make. If your main issue is whether the tone of the article sounds like self-promotion (which it shouldn't be, since non-members of said podcast created this article), this can be remedied. As far as I can tell, everything in this article are laid out as provable or disprovable facts. —This unsigned comment was added by Kwidge (talk • contribs).

 * Fair enough. IMO, 3000+ listeners makes it fairly significant. However, in the very least, the article should have proper capitalization in its namespace, eg. Chicken Fried Radio, and needs to be wikified. I felt the article appeared to be vanity because the usernames of those who created it bore similarities with the names of the creators of said podcast show, which is why I called its validity into question. - S. Komae (talk) 22:25, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I believe most of these points have been addressed. The page has been thoroughly revised, and although it is not yet complete, the information is growing.  --Dairhenien 03:43, 28 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I created the article originally, and I'm also one of the hosts of the podcast. I understand the concern about conflict of interest, but does that necessarily make an entry into vanity/advertising/insignificant? Is the Wikipedia deletion policy a guilty until proven innocent sort of thing? When I created it it was just a few paragraphs. I was surprised to see it so much bigger and thorough and put into more encyclopedic style. So it's agreed that it's not going to be deleted then? --RyanH42
 * AFAIK, it is not guilty until proven innocent; the AfD tag is simply to call the article under question. I will remove the tag; if there are further objections to the article it can be readded. My concerns have been addressed. - S. Komae (talk) 15:44, 29 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
Wikiversity:Threaded discussions with NavFrames with subst/20070522165111

What about pretext tag?
20070522165230 This above all, to thine own self be true, And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man. --Hillgentleman|Talk 16:52, 22 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Comment:
 * reply[]

What links here


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pepar

The result of the debate was delete. W.marsh 00:37, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

Pepar
Unverifiable neologism. To quote the relevant bit of the article, "The verification of the language is only achieved through the oral tradition in regions of Gaston County in North Carolina". Melchoir 03:29, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as neologism. Feezo (Talk) 03:32, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. Possible Complete Bollocks. --Bugwit grunt / scribbles 04:00, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom, Feezo. ¡Dustimagic!  ( T / C ) 04:25, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as neologism -- T B C [[Image:Confused-tpvgames.gif|18px|]] ???  ???   ??? 05:24, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete. Original research, unverifiable neologism, perhaps a hoax. Grand  master  ka  06:37, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. --Khoikhoi 06:38, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete Although that explains why a lady in my office says "Coloradar" Nigelthefish 14:25, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * DeletarVizjim 23:37, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pepar


text:
Rubens Pedrazzi

Rubens Pedrazzi (27 June 1907 – 17 December 1980) was an Italian sculptor. His work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

title: Rubens Pedrazzi


text:
Talk:Claude Franceschi

Untitled
Dear contributors, Being the writer of this biography, I did my best to improve it since the "multiple issues" warning has appeared. I'd be happy getting help to improve my text, if needed. Thanks Geiss (talk) 07:39, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Claude Franceschi


text:
Rose Basile Green

Dr. Rose Basile Green (1914-2003) was an American scholar, poet, and educator. Among her publications were a study of Italian-American writers, titled The Italian American Novel: A Document of the Interaction of Two Cultures (1974), and several volumes of poetry, specializing in the sonnet form. She was also a founder of Cabrini College in Radnor, Pennsylvania, and the first chair of its English department.

Early life and education
Rose Basile was born on December 19, 1914, in New Rochelle, New York, the daughter of Salvatore and Carolina Galgano Basile. Her father's family migrated to the United States from the town of Calitri in southern Italy. She grew up on a farm in Harwinton, Connecticut, where she and her siblings went to school in a one-room schoolhouse. She received a B.A. in English from the College of New Rochelle in 1935, an M.A. in Italian studies from Columbia University in 1941, and a Ph.D. in American civilization from the University of Pennsylvania in 1962.

Career
After earning her B.A., she spent a year in Torrington, Connecticut, working for the Works Progress Administration's Federal Writers' Project. Afterwards she remained in the area for six more years, teaching English and Italian at Torrington High School and dramatics in the night school program. From 1942 to 1943, she was registrar and associate professor of English at the University of Tampa. From 1943 to 1953, she wrote radio scripts for the National Broadcasting Company. She taught English at Temple University from 1953 to 1957.

In 1957, she co-founded Cabrini College and became the first chairman of its English Department. She taught there until she retired in 1970. After retiring from teaching in 1970, she continued to publish poetry and scholarly works. In 1975, she published The Italian American Novel: A Document of the Interaction of Two Cultures, which examines the work of 70 Italian-American writers. It was the first major scholarly work of its kind, and laid the groundwork for analysis of recurring themes in Italian-American literature, such as the "isolated immigrant" and the "alien marginalized by the established society." Her sonnet collection, Primo Vino (1975), also celebrates Italian Americans, focusing on the family, the home, community life, outstanding Italian Americans, and residents of "Little Italy."

Personal life and legacy
She married Raymond S. Green, a broadcasting executive, on June 20, 1942. The couple had two children. She had been living in Lafayette Hill, Pennsylvania, when she died on April 30, 2003.

Historian Frank Cavaioli named her an influential Italian American, writing:

"Scholar/poet Rose Basile Green has shaped twentieth century awareness of Italian American literature. Her seminal work on the Italian American novel and her poems celebrating Italian heroes and Italian themes have contributed to the rich tapestry of American culture. Her career has served as a model in the women's movement for respect and equality, especially Italian American women."

Memberships
She was a member of the following organizations, among others:

 * Academy of American Poets
 * American Academy of Political and Social Science
 * American Studies Association
 * American Association of University Women
 * American Library Association
 * Modern Language Association
 * National Council of Teachers of English
 * National Italian American Foundation (member of board of directors; vice president)
 * Cosmopolitan Club of Philadelphia

Awards
She received the following awards and honors:

 * Humanities Award, Nationalities Service Center (Philadelphia), 1975, for The Italian-American Novel
 * Woman of the Year Award, Sons of Italy of America, 1975, for The Italian-American Novel and Primo Vino
 * City of Philadelphia Citation, 1975
 * Agnes C. Brothers Pathway of Life Award, National Federation of State Poetry Societies, 1976
 * National Award in Literature, Daughters of the American Revolution, 1976, for 76 for Philadelphia
 * National Award in Literature, Association of Italian American Women ("Amita"), 1976
 * National Award from National Italian American Foundation, 1978, for Woman, the Second Coming
 * Appointment as Distinguished Daughter of Pennsylvania from state of Pennsylvania, 1978, for Woman, the Second Coming
 * Ursula Laurus Citation, College of New Rochelle Alumnae, 1980
 * Humanitarian Award, Chapel of Four Chaplains (Philadelphia), 1980
 * National Award of Merit, Philadelphia Art Alliance, 1981
 * Graduates Award for Distinguished Achievement, Columbia University, 1986
 * Cavalier of Republic of Italy
 * Ph.D., Gwynedd Mercy College and Cabrini College

Works

 * The Evolution of Italian American Fiction (1962)
 * The Cabrinian Philosophy of Education (1967)
 * The Violet and the Flame (1968)
 * To Reason Why (1971)
 * Primo Vino (1974)
 * The Italian American Novel: A Document of the Interaction of Two Cultures (1974)
 * Seventy-six for Philadelphia (1975)
 * Woman: The Second Coming (1977)
 * Songs of Ourselves (1982)
 * The Pennsylvania People (1984)
 * Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini (1984), with Saverio de Maria
 * Challenger Countdown (1988)
 * Five Hundred Years of America, 1492-1992 (1992)
 * The Distaff Side: Great Women of American History (1995)

title: Rose Basile Green


text:
Wikipedia talk:NYRM2018

Why this page
At NYRM2017 at was foreshadowed that there could be a further RM to test whether New York City is the primary topic of New York.

If and when this occurs, wp:NYRM2018 will become a permanent pointer to that discussion. Meantime it is a placeholder to use in discussion and perhaps edit summaries to make it explicit what is being discussed.

It is my belief that NYRM2018 should be moved on or after 19 July 2018, that being a year from the close of NYRM2017 at 10:53, 19 July 2017 (UTC).

For now it contains a useful reminder of the moratorium. In some ways a redlink would be better, but that would make this talk page liable for deletion under wp:G8. Andrewa (talk) 01:57, 13 November 2017 (UTC)

Reader experience
Our bottom line. The PT guidelines are there to make the encyclopedia as reader-friendly as possible, so if NYC is the PT that's a good case for another move, and so testing whether NYC is the PT is also a good case for raising an RM, in good time. Andrewa (talk) 15:23, 12 January 2018 (UTC)

Editor experience
It's confusing for new editors if we have rules we don't follow. We can't be perfect in this and shouldn't even try to be, but again if NYC is the PT (as many have suggested) then it would be good to fix that, and if not then equally good to document that. Andrewa (talk) 15:23, 12 January 2018 (UTC)

Condorcet paradox test
Resolving this is not IMO anywhere like sufficient reason for NYRM2018, but it's a useful byproduct as a concrete example to cite when (inevitably) someone decides to suggest a Condorcet paradox (hence CP) in the future as an argument that there is no consensus to move. While the closer of NYRM2016 did not rely on this argument, they did raise it for some reason, later restated it, and they did conclude no consensus.

So let us lay this one to rest! It was always rather bizarre IMO, to the point that anyone who knows the (rather subtle) underlying maths would call it a ridiculous suggestion. But some very experienced and competent editors took it seriously, so obviously I could be wrong, and I'd like to complete the investigation.

Completing the investigation would have two benefits:
 * It's possible that some still suspect a CP in this case. NYRM2018 will probably settle this, but at the very least it will pave the way for NYRM2019 (see below) which will settle it.
 * It provides some groundwork to help answer the question if the possibility of a CP is raised again, in the context of another unrelated RM. Leaving the issue hanging, on the other hand, will just encourage those playing for no consensus to raise similar (and IMO probably equally baseless) suggestions that a CP may exist. (This also does the Marquis de Condorcet something of an injustice, as his work was on how voting systems can work well, rather than on how they fail. He showed that unresolvable CPs are exceedingly rare, described the conditions under which they can occur, and most important, the ways in which they can be resolved and avoided. But they have captured the popular imagination in a way that would have broken his heart, this being a good example.)

Just to recap how this RM would complete the investigation, a CP only exists if we have three (or more) possibilities and A beats B which beats C which then beats A. In this case, the three possibilities are that the destination of the base name New York could be You can think of it as a triangle, with these three possibilities at the angles, and an arrow along each side indicating which of the possibilities at either end of that side is preferred over the other. If and only if all three arrows point in the same direction around the triangle, we have a CP situation, and RMs can go on forever moving around the triangle. (The arrows can point in either direction, just so long as all three point in the same direction. So in any three-way contest there are exactly two possible and different Condorcet scenarios. The NYRM2016 closer did not say which of the two they thought might exist here, but NYRM2017 eliminated one of them. So now we just need to deal with the other.)
 * NYS (as prior to NYRM2017), or
 * NYC (as is to be tested by NYRM2018), or
 * neither (as at present).

We've established in NYRM2017 that "neither" beats NYS. If we now decide (in NYRM2018) whether (or not) NYC beats "neither', then:
 * If NYRM2018 is rejected, then "neither" also beats NYC, and there's no CP, QED. To have a CP, we need the arrows to all go the same way around the triangle, and this would have one going in each direction, so the direction of the third is irrelevant.
 * If NYRM succeeds, then NYC beats "neither", and in theory we'd still need to test whether NYS beats NYC (the third arrow around the triangle). Let us call this NYRM2019!
 * If NYRM2019 were to succeed, that would move NYS back to the base name, and we would indeed have a CP. And we'd need to deal with that!
 * But IMO, NYRM2019 is doomed to the point of being a waste of time (and so hopefully it will remain hypothetical), and always was (and that's why the CP suggestion was always ridiculous to anyone who knew the math), and there has always been strong consensus on this! It's just that many either did not see this, or did not realise its significance.

Or in other words, there has always been strong consensus that NYC beats NYS (ie that if there is a primary topic, then it's the city rather than the state). So I'd be happy to leave it at NYRN2018 without any further RM (ie without NYRM2019) or RfC. We have always known the direction of this third arrow, as was admitted many times in statements to the effect of if NYS is moved away from the base name, there's no way we'll aver move it back or if NYS hadn't been at the base name for a long time, there's be no problem moving it now etc. etc. etc..

And either way, this little loose end will be neatly tidied up by NYMR2018 (and without needing NYRM2019), IMO. Andrewa (talk) 02:46, 5 February 2018 (UTC)

Panel closes can work after all
See Talk:Sarah Jane Brown. I don't completely agree with the result (I was trying hard to build consensus) but the panel have made an excellent call that everyone should respect. Andrewa (talk) 01:24, 2 March 2018 (UTC)

Why I do not intend to proceed
Since NYRM2017 my thoughts have changed somewhat, and largely because of reflections on that discussion.

I still believe that by any sensible measure, New York City is the primary topic of New York.

But what has changed is that I have concluded that despite this, reader experience is far better served if the page on New York City is at an unambiguous page name. This is a radical view and has consequences far beyond these specific discussions. See User:Andrewa/Why primary topic is to be avoided and its talk page for more on this.

This does not of course prevent any other editor from raising NYRM2018.

I would probably oppose it, but only at this stage on grounds of wp:IAR. The policy and guidelines currently (and dare I say, unambiguously) otherwise support a move, in my opinion. But we would of course have to see what arguments were presented. Andrewa (talk) 22:01, 7 May 2018 (UTC)

See User:Andrewa/Primary Topic RfC for my latest thoughts. Andrewa (talk) 17:52, 6 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:NYRM2018


text:
Talk:Don Byron

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Don Byron


text:
Acute Coronary Syndrome Orders

Admission
Admitting Physician:_______________________ Attending Physician:_______________________ Family/PC Physician:_______________________

Diet

 * cardiac diet
 * food that can release the blockage of the artery

Activity

 * bed rest

Vitals

 * telemetry
 * continuous monitoring ECG
 * Vitals with pulse oximetry q4h

Investigations

 * Routine	- CBCD
 * renal → creatinine, lytes, total protein, Mg, urine analysis
 * liver → albumin, PT, ALKP, ALT, bilirubin
 * CXR daily x 3 days

Acute Coronary Syndrome

 * CK q8h (x 5 for MI, x3 to rule out MI)
 * troponin I q3h x 3 to rule out Acute MI and continued until levels peak.

Cardiac

 * fasting lip id profile in AM
 * HgBA1C for diabetics
 * fasting homocysteine
 * HgB, plt q2d (for patients on unfractionated)

Drugs
MONA - Should be completed at the time of admission.
 * Morphine
 * Oxygen at 3L/min by NC prn, titrate to saturation >90%
 * Nitrate therapy IV (25 mg in 250 mL D5W) or NG patch
 * ASA 160 mg po chew and swallow, then enteric coated ASA (ECASA) 81 mg po qd

Blood

 * catheter lab (door to balloon time < 90 minutes)
 * thrombolytic therapy (ie tenecteplase) as per Acute MI protocol (if STEMI) (< 30 minutes)
 * Clopidogrel 600 mg po STAT, then Clopidogrel 75 mg po qd
 * enoxaparin 1 mg/kg sc q12h to a max of 100 mg/dose

↓O2 NEED
 * metoprolol 5 mg IV q5 min x 3; followed by 25 mg po q6h x 48h, then 100 mg po q12h
 * ACEi

Maintain

 * Lipitor
 * cardiac rehabilitation to see
 * Nitroglycerin 0.3 mg sublingual q 5 min x3 PRN chest pain

title: Acute Coronary Syndrome Orders


text:
night soil man

Noun

 * 1)  A person whose occupation it was to collect the contents of chamber pots (faeces) in the morning from domestic households, principally in the 18th and 19th centuries.
 * 2) * 1935. Mulk Raj Anand. Untouchable.
 * 3) * 1967. T. Wignesan. Night Soil Man. 1967 & 2007. (eBook)

title: night soil man


text:
Cert III Applications Qualification in Australia

Qualification name: ICA30105 - Certificate III in Information Technology - Applications Stream

"This qualification provides the skills and knowledge for an individual to be competent in introductory ICT 'technical' functions and is designed to support information activities in the workplace and to achieve a degree of self-sufficiency as an advanced ICT 'user'."

The applications stream:

"Provides skills in advanced use of applications and could provide basic application software support within an organisation. This stream may provide for natural progression into several Certificate IV in IT qualifications including Multimedia or Programming."

There are 6 core units for the Applications stream of the Cert III I.T. qualification; 4 specialist units and 7 electives (some of which are also prerequisites for other units). For more detailed information about this qualification you can either find the qualification in the official ICA05 Training Package PDF (note: it is huge) or browse the conveniently accessible Certificate III in Information Technology page at ICA05 - Deconstructed.

Core Units
The following 10 core units are made up of the 6 common core units (common to all Certificate III IT streams), and the 4 core units for the Applications stream.

Note: the small box after each unit indicates the completion status of the unit description.

 * ICAD3218A Create user documentation [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAI3020A Install and optimise operating system software [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAS3031A Provide advice to clients [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAS3234A Care for computer hardware [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAT3025A Run standard diagnostic tests [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAU3004A Apply occupational health and safety procedures [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAU3019A Migrating to new technology [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAU3028A Customise packaged software applications for clients [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAU3126A Use advanced features of computer applications [[Image:75%.png]]
 * ICAI3110A Implement system software changes [[Image:25%.png]]

Electives for the Applications stream

 * ICAS3032A Provide network systems administration [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAS3024A Provide basic system administration [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAI3021A Connect internal hardware components [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAS3034A Determine and action network problems [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAB3018A Develop macros and templates for clients using standard products [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAI4030A Install software to networked computers [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAA4041A Determine and confirm client business expectations and needs [[Image:25%.png]]

Prerequisite units
A number of units within this qualification have prerequisites. These are detailed as follows:

 * ICAI3101A Install and manage network administration protocols [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAS3120A Configure and administer a network operating system [[Image:25%.png]]


text:
Fair use

Welcome to the Wikiversity learning project for Fair Use.

Reading

 * Fair use considerations and Exemption Doctrine Policy.
 * Fair use
 * w:Wikipedia:Non-free content

Screen shots of reviewed software
Wikiversity has many learning resources that are tutorials for software or that review the utility of software (example). When discussing copyrighted software, it is often useful to provide screenshots as visual aids. Wikiversity has Template:Software-screenshot that can be used as explained at Uploading files.

In some cases, parts of copyrighted works can be used without permission in order to illustrate commentaries or for education/teaching (see Non-free content). One concern for "fair use" is that it does not disrupt the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. In the United States, this does not mean that reviews and commentaries cannot be critical. However, at Wikiversity, extra care should be taken when using screenshots to illustrate copyrighted software features that are not viewed as useful to learners. It is not the purpose of Wikiversity to complain about software, but rather, to help learners use software to achieve their learning goals.

It is good practice to find webpages such as this before you upload screenshots of copyrighted software. Microsoft has ten specific guidelines for screen shots of works that they own. For example, the image on the right side of this page shows copyrighted Microsoft software. Microsoft allows fair use of such screen shots for educational purposes such as tutorials. Their instructions say, "You may not use portions of the screen shots". Does this mean that you are required to show the entire captured image as seen on the computer screen when the screen shot was captured? If so, then the image used here to illustrate a screen shot does not meet their requirements. This illustrates the many ambiguities that can arise when fair use is claimed and when attempts are made to follow the wishes of a copyright holder. Wikiversity is always ready to remove fair use images if the copyright holder requests that an image not be used.

Corel also explicitly allows fair use screen shots, but they also have a long list of restrictions and rules.

Other uses
See Uploading files.

External resources

 * A Fair(y) Use Tale by Eric Faden.
 * A cartoon exposition of copyright and Fair Use, using excerpts from Walt Disney cartoons in snippets that say a word or several words of what they wish to say. All (or nearly all) of the material in the cartoon is copyrighted, but is used under a Fair Use claim. Not a complete exposition of Fair Use, but the basics. Amusing (and seems to be accurate), but annoying after a while --Abd (discuss • contribs) 22:42, 5 February 2014 (UTC).

 * Columbia.edu: Fair Use Checklist

title: Fair use


text:
Knocksink Wood

Knocksink Wood is a national nature reserve located in the valley of the Glencullen River in County Wicklow, Ireland, near the village of Enniskerry. With an area of approximately 129 acre, it is managed by the Irish National Parks & Wildlife Service.

Features
The reserve is located in a valley, with the slopes predominantly sessile oak. Other areas have more mixed woodland. Within the reserve there are numerous springs and areas with water seepage, with the petrifying springs being one of the most important habitats listed in the EU Habitats Directive. Knocksink Wood has the most diverse woodland invertebrate fauna recorded in Ireland, with a number of animals specific to wet woodland that are of threatened status in the EU.

Status and facilities
Knocksink Wood was legally protected as a national nature reserve by the Irish government in 1994. The wood is also listed as a Special Area of Conservation. The reserve had an educational centre, which used to host tours of the wood, and provide information to the public. Although still listed by the National Parks and Wildlife Service as of 2021, the office had permanently closed by 2019.

title: Knocksink Wood


text:
William M. Wylie

William Matt Wylie (May 10, 1928 – August 20, 2006) was a politician, farmer, and businessman from the U.S. state of Nebraska.

Born in Elgin, Nebraska, he served in the United States Army and went to Nebraska Wesleyan University in Lincoln, Nebraska. Wylie was a farmer, auctioneer, in the real estate business. He served in the Nebraska State Legislature from 1965 to 1971. His parents Matt Wylie and Fannie B. Wylie also served in the Nebraska State Legislature. Wylie died in Neligh, Nebraska.

Wylie ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor of Nebraska in 1974.

title: William M. Wylie


text:
Talk:Robert Fish (shipbuilder)

Reviewer Note
This draft has a disambiguated title.

If this draft is accepted, an entry will need to be added to the disambiguation page for the primary name.

The disambiguation page for the primary name is Robert Fish. Robert McClenon (talk) 23:31, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

Comment
Biographies of dead people from the nineteenth century should normally be accepted. See User:Robert McClenon/Acceptance of Biographies. Robert McClenon (talk) 14:52, 20 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert Fish (shipbuilder)


text:
chromatograph

Noun

 * 1)  A machine that performs chromatography by gas or liquid separation.

Translations

 * Finnish: kromatografi
 * Ido: kromatografo
 * Italian: cromatografo

Verb

 * 1) To analyze or separate mixtures using chromatography

title: chromatograph


text:
Wikipedia:Citation templates are evil

Templates are evil. Well, not all templates are evil, but many are, and in particular, citation templates. Why? Because they introduce unnecessary clutter in the edit window. Wikimarkup was originally very clean and simple. It was easy to understand and hardly interfered at all with the readability of the text. Citation templates, in contrast, introduce a lengthy list of parameters, many of which are hard to understand how to use without some research, and only fulfil simple functions that can easily be achieved with plain text.

Citation templates make it easy to get the formatting right
No they don't. It is remarkably easy to mess up a citation template. Category:Pages with citation errors usually has thousands of entries, and that's just the ones that the software has managed to detect and no one has got round to fixing yet. The formatting of a traditional citation in wikimarkup is very simple and straightforward: italics for the journal name, and quotation marks for the article name. Italics is a double apostrophes, and quotation marks are, well, quotation marks. That is not hard. It is childishly easy.

Our primary aim should be to help readers, not editors
Yes, our first priority should be readers, next content creators, and lastly, other editors doing structural work. Let's examine the claim—how exactly are templates supposed to help readers? For the vast majority of readers, they will never look at the references at all. We are talking about a tiny minority of the readership who will even have an interest. For most readers, they are only ever likely to come across references if they spot a simple typo and try and correct it. For them, the reference text is just going to be a source of confusion, so the less of it the better.

For the small number of readers who want to follow up from the Wikipedia article with some research of their own, the references are indeed useful. But it hardly matters to them how the formatting was done internally. The hard work for them will be in obtaining copies of the sources for themselves.

Why not use sfn templates?
sfn (shortened footnotes) keeps most of the citation text out of the body of the article. It does, but so does a plaintext shortened reference. So does the Harvard referencing which has the added advantage of making the source visible to the reader without them needing to follow any link. Harvard referencing is a good system, but it is little used on Wikipedia because the "little blue number disease" (see next section) would make the text too cluttered.

Use of sfn templates requires that the full reference list uses citation templates. The linking does not work otherwise. So to use sfn templates, we are back to messy citation templates, albeit only in the reference section. There are certain advantages to a plaintext reference list that citation templates break. One of these is that with plaintext one can ensure that the author surname appears first on the line, making alphabetical sorting easy.

Sfn templates make it easy to check verification
First of all, this argument is throwing out the window the principle of serving readers first and content creators second. It is arguing for priority to be given to non-content creators, who we agreed above should be priority #3. Secondly, no it doesn't do what is claimed. Yes, one can click on the little blue number and whizz down to the reference list. That must save tens of milliseconds over scrolling down manually. That is not verification, that is just scrolling down, whether it was done automatically or manually. The time saved is utterly immaterial compared with the time taken for the real task of verification.

Little blue number disease
Thinking that verification consists of checking that every sentence has a little blue number and every little blue number leads to a source is one of the biggest misconceptions on Wikipedia. Demanding more and more blue numbers for ever smaller passages of text is the Wikipedia little blue number disease. Only on Wikipedia is that level of citation density demanded, and it makes writing articles ten times harder than it needs to be. That is not verification. Every well constructed hoax we have ever had here has been littered with little blue numbers, and every one has led to a reliable source. No, the real work of verification involves actually reading the source which takes many orders of magnitude longer than the time it took to scroll down the page. Just obtaining the source, when it is not online (and the best sources usually aren't), can take a significant amount of time, effort, and sometimes money.

Templates provide semantic meaning for bots to process
Let's just remind ourselves on our agreed priorities. Readers #1, content creators #2, other editors #3. We didn't put bots on the priority list at all. Well, if we put them on now, they can't be higher than #4 and a bunch of stuff we haven't thought of yet will probably push them down to about #10. The idea that an automated process could not be written to extract semantic meaning from a plaintext formatted reference is just plain untenable. Just for a start, a traditional bibliography is very similar to a CSV file. Dropping it straight into Excel as a CSV will separate it into fields without any trouble. The type of information can be deduced from the position and formatting; the first field(s) will be author(s), quotation marks and double ampersands identify the first non-author fields and so on. With the technology now available it is a fairly simple matter to do such processing. It does not justify distorting the referencing system to benefit a few backroom processes. Bots are meant to assist the creators, not the other way round. In short, the argument simply does not hold water; glug-glug-glug, it just sunk.

Should articles not using citation templates be changed?
No. WP:CITEVAR explicitly proscribes changing citation styles (including adding templates) without the consensus of the page editors. Those who believe that not using templates is "non-standard", "against consensus", "virtually equivalent to bare urls", etc, should first get this so-called consensus agreed at a policy discussion venue and then have it written into the guidelines. Good luck with that, but be warned, this has been discussed to death numerous times in the past and the policy remains that Wikipedia does not have a house style for citations.

Numerous articles completely bereft of citation templates have become Featured Articles and appeared on the main page. This includes some recent articles, not just dated pages before our policies were so well developed. So even for our very best content, the consensus is that citation templates are not a requirement. Featured content is heavily reviewed and is our yardstick for what makes a high quality article. When stylistic elements have reached Featured status, that is a good sign that they should not casually be changed by drive-by editors.

Should editors not using citation templates be asked to justify their choice?
No, not in general. If there are specific aspects of a particular article that militate towards a particular citation style, then that is a legitimate topic for discussion at that article. It is not reasonable to ask an editor to repeatedly defend their choice of citation style on article after article because the questioner prefers something else. If it is desired to prescribe that a certain style be used, or proscribe a certain style from being used, then the correct venue for that is a policy discussion page such as WP:VP/P. However, anyone considering that would be wise to read through Perennial proposals first. Such proposals have been repeatedly rejected in the past.

Bundling
WP:Bundling is the combining of multiple citations to the same source into a single line in the references section. It requires a name to be added to each ref tag, which of course, is more clutter for new editors to have to try and work through. Bundling may be helpful in some cases where the citation style is to place the full reference in the body of the article rather than the bibliography. However, it does create a mess when the citations being bundled are to different page numbers in the same source. This is a common problem with bundling, and the solutions are either to unbundle or use the rp template. This latter solution not only introduces code clutter in the edit window, it introduces visible clutter in the article.

When applied to an article using shortened footnotes and a separate bibliography, bundling is positively evil. With shortened references, the space saved is quite minimal, and it is space at the bottom of the article where nobody cares about it. It puts the references badly out of sequential order. Sequential order is a great boon if one want to check, say, where a whole paragraph is cited to. All the references to that paragraph are consecutive, not all over the place in the references list.

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ

title: Wikipedia:Citation templates are evil


text:
User:Hotpinklovers

Bio
Welcome to my Wikipedia page! Contrary to the username I am not a fan of hot pink, my favorite color is actually blue. To get to know me better, I love music. Piano and singing is my expertise but I also play the guitar and alto saxophone. I am currently majoring in Computer Science and I am hoping that will not change. My favorite pastime is anything to do with being outside and exploring. This mostly consists of hanging out with friends in the city, trying out new cafes and restaurants, exploring nature, and basically anything touristy.

In the future, I could see myself contributing to Wikipedia by fixing grammar errors, citation errors, or adding to pages on topics that I am well educated on. Since I am Ukrainian I see myself adding to anything that has to do with its culture. My interest in music could also lead me to contribute to pages about piano and singing. Once I advance in my career of Computer Science, i would definitely be needing to get more informed about it therefore inspiring me to possibly add to pages I researched about.

Article evaluation
I have currently been reading the book Saltwater Slavery, written by Stephanie E. Smallwood, for history class. Curious about the book itself, I decided to visit its Wikipedia page. While reading this article, I found a few things that were worth mentioning. Although there are a few links and citations, it does not compare to how many are missing. Along with missing links and citations, the article does not have any activity on its talk page and the structure of it is written almost like an advertisement or press release. Seeing as the author won an award, it would not be a surprise to find information about her on Wikipedia, or even a bit about her on the Wikipedia page on the Saltwater Slavery book. Unfortunately there was no further information.

Talk page and missing information
While reading the article, it sounded to me like it was one person who wrote it so I decided to check out the talk page. Surprisingly, there was no talk page. It makes me wonder who visits the page or whether it has been checked by others for reliability. Along with a missing talk page, it had some missing information. The article was good at mentioning themes and form but did not have information that other Wikipedia book articles do. Some of these include: style, genres, reception, adaptation, development, and the list goes on. The article is written is if it is advertising or just summarizing the book when it should not only be about the book, but everything outside of its pages.

Author
The author is a crucial part of any book. Readers would hopefully want to know who the person is that wrote the book they are reading. The article should provide a background about the author to illustrate that the author is a reliable one. This could include providing previous books that the author wrote, education, and even the reason why the author decided to write this book. The article fails to provide any of these points leaving a huge gap in the very intent of the article, to provide the basic information about a book.

Summery
The overall article has a great format and does provide information about what the book is all about, but it sounds more like a summery than a Wikipedia article. If there were more citations for reliability and a section about the author, it could show to be more reliable. Adding more information about the book's history and the effect it had could also help enlighten readers.The missing talk page does act as a bit of a reliability issue since it looks as if only one person contributed to the page. All of these little findings are things that, when added together, can make a huge difference to the article overall.

title: User:Hotpinklovers


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/dystinktbeats.com

Links

 * dystinktbeats.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 2 additions.


text:
Category:User pt

This category lists native Portuguese speakers.

The other levels of Portuguese knowledge are:
 * 0 for not knowledge
 * 1 for basic knowledge
 * 2 for intermediate knowledge
 * 3 for advanced knowledge
 * 4 for fluent or near native knowledge

For a list of language specific tags, see Babel templates.

title: Category:User pt


text:
User:Maoafreya/sandbox/HomepageDraft

New article name goes here

About Me
I am currently a graduate student majoring information science.

Now I live in New York state.

I wanted to be a novelist when I was little. I never wanted to be a spaceman or a teacher.

I don't know the meaning of life or the universe.

I feel a sense of responsibility editing public-facing contents. That is why I don't want to edit anything now.

I am from China but it's my fifth year in the US.

Languages
My native language is Chinese. I also speak English and a little bit of French.

Goals and Plans
I don't have any specific goals or plans but I would like to contribute to this community as long as I have the time, patience, and ability to do so.

Hobbies
I like books, food, music, and movies. Order matters.

title: User:Maoafreya/sandbox/HomepageDraft


text:
Izmir Air Station

Izmir Air Station is a United States Air Force facility in İzmir, Turkey. It is located 320 km SSW of Istanbul, on the western coast of Turkey.

U.S. responsibilities in the İzmir area began on September 8, 1952 with the activation of Allied Land Forces South-Eastern Europe and the arrival on October 14, 1953 of the Sixth Allied Tactical Air Force at Sirinyer Garrison south of İzmir. The United States Navy supported these and other Allied Forces Southern Europe organizations, while Detachment 2, 7206th Air Base Squadron, supported USAF installations in the area after April 1, 1954.

The United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) assumed support responsibility for U.S. and NATO entities in the İzmir area on January 1, 1956. USAFE assumed support responsibility for all U.S. and NATO units based at Çiğli Air Base and off-base installations of Çiğli situated throughout the İzmir area on July 6, 1962.

Improvements to Çiğli AB consisted of concrete roofs of jet fuel tanks repaired and new water lines, fire hydrants and electric power lines installed during 1962, and a reinforced concrete pad for wing-tank loading built at the north hangar and air conditioning installed in dependent quarters during 1963. Cigli AB gained control of all support activities in and around İzmir on April 1, 1966.

The Turkish Air Force assumed control of Cigli AB on July 1, 1970, and Izmir AS then assumed support responsibility for U.S. and USAF units in the İzmir area, with Cigli relegated to standby base status. Following a shooting of a Turkish national border policeman in 1983, NATO was asked to coordinate all activities more closely with command.

Allied Air Command İzmir was activated at General Vecihi Akin Garrison (GVAG), Sirinyer, in 2004.

Allied Air Command İzmir was succeeded by Allied Land Command, also at İzmir, from December 2012.

title: Izmir Air Station