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1888–89 in Scottish football

The 1888–89 season was the 16th season of competitive football in Scotland.

Glasgow Exhibition Cup
The tournament was held to coincide with the International Exhibition of Science, Art and Industry. Held during the early season, the one-off competition was held at the Exhibition Grounds.

title: 1888–89 in Scottish football


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Grey years

The grey years were a loosely defined period in Cuban history, generally agreed to have started with the Padilla affair in 1971. It is often associated with the tenure of Luis Pavón Tamayo (de) as the head of Cuba's National Cultural Council ("Consejo Nacional de Cuba", or CNC) from 1971 to 1976. The period is also sometimes called the quinquenio gris ("five grey years"), the trinquenio amargo ("bitter fifteen years"), or the decada negra ("the black decade").

The grey years were generally defined by cultural censorship, harassment of intellectuals and artists, and the ostracization of members of the LGBT+ community. Greater monetary influence from the Soviet Union during this time period pressured Cuba into adopting a model of cultural repression that was reflected in Cuba's domestic policy throughout the 1970s.

Background
Researchers generally agree on a timeline of events leading up to the grey years following the end of the Cuban Revolution in 1959. Immediately after the revolution, Cuba enjoyed some years of free-flowing creativity which was brought to an abrupt end in 1961 with the P.M. affair, when the nation's government censored a film depicting Cuban youth in Havana. Subsequently, Fidel Castro delivered his speech Palabras a los intelectuales ("Words to the Intellectuals") in June of the same year which included the famous line, "Dentro de la Revolución, todo; contra la Revolución, nada" ("Within the Revolution, everything; against the Revolution, nothing"). This signaled to intellectuals that there were clear limitations to their actions and that their freedoms were "subordinated to political power".

After being confronted with the United States embargo and blockade that essentially cut the island nation off from the capitalist world, Cuba became heavily reliant on the Soviet Union for goods. By 1968, Cuba was well on its way to becoming completely dependent on the USSR. The year was marked by Fidel Castro's support juxtaposed with Western criticism of the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, the total nationalization of all property and censorship of cultural actors in the "Revolutionary Offensive", and the 1968 Cultural Congress in Havana which held debates on whether or not Cuban culture should be independent from political ideologies.

In 1970, Cuba set an ambitious goal for sugar production in an attempt to alleviate their economic struggles. Castro aimed for the manufacturing of ten million tons of raw sugar, more than twice the average harvest during that time. Ultimately, the harvest failed to reach its goal. With worldwide contempt growing against Cuba, the nation decided to join COMECON (the Soviet "common market") as a full member and sign a new sugarcane contract with the Soviet Union. This did allow sugar production to steadily increase in Cuba, but also led to a greater reliance on the USSR and paved the way for the mimicry of their censorship policies throughout the decade.

Origins
The true catalyst of the grey years is widely regarded to be the Padilla affair of 1971. Heberto Padilla was a well-known Cuban poet and author who had sparked controversy with his book of poems Fuera del juego ("Outside of the Game"), which had been awarded the first place prize in the 1968 Cuban Union of Writers and Artists ("Unión Nacional de Escritores y Artistas de Cuba", or UNEAC) poetry contest. The Cuban government found the book's critical remarks to be counter-revolutionary at the time and attempted to dissuade the judges from acknowledging the book, but it was awarded and published nevertheless. Soviet pro-censorship rhetoric strengthened in Cuba over the next two years and consequently, Padilla was arrested in his home under the charge of "misrepresenting the revolution to foreign journalists and intellectuals" in 1971. His arrest sparked international outrage, especially amongst intellectuals, and in 1980 he was granted permission to leave Cuba for the United States where he resided until his death in 2000.

Following the affair, the CNC was reorganized and headed by Luis Pavón Tamayo, who many Cubans consider directly responsible for the grey years. Many intellectuals felt that under Pavón's repressive policies, Cuba shifted from a cultural policy based on discussion and tolerance into one that was enforced via edict. This may be partially due to Cuba's movement away from Marxist progressive nationalism into a more Soviet-oriented Marxism-Leninism approach that centralized power for the Communist Party of Cuba and was cemented into the 1976 version of Cuba's Constitution. The CNC's actions taken against artists who were thought to be counter-revolutionary were mixed; some were barred from spaces where they could create, some were disallowed from exhibiting their work, and some were forbidden from international travel. One of Pavón's victims, Cuban poet and playwright Antón Arrufat, was forced to perform manual labor in a library basement and banned from writing or publishing for over a decade. In Fidel Castro's April 30, 1971 closing speech at the first National Congress of Education and Culture, he criticized pseudo-leftists, "intellectual rats," and homosexuals. The CNC went on to enact policies that targeted and censored "high-risk" arts, specifically those in theatre. Artists who were not trusted ideologically or considered homosexuals were marginalized.

Afro-Cuban culture was also amongst the many movements considered "ideological diversionism", a term used by the Castro government throughout the grey years to describe counter-revolutionary expressions. The First National Congress of Culture and Education in 1971 reported that societies of and for Afro-Cuban individuals were no longer acceptable in Cuba. In addition, the widely popular African-based religions of Santería and Palo Monte were censored by the government on a large scale for the duration of the 1970s. This repression of Afro-Cuban culture and accompanying lack of representation in the public sphere throughout the grey years is generally thought to have contributed to a decline in Cuban social equality; during this time period, speaking out on issues of race was a form of diversionism.

Conclusion
The grey years began to taper off with the foundation of the Ministry of Culture in 1976, with Armando Hart as Minister; however, the situation most drastically improved when esteemed writer Abel Prieto replaced him in 1997.

By the 1980s, the negative consequences of Cuba's "Sovietized" domestic policy became evident: economic failure, high levels of corruption, excessive bureaucratization, and the growing demoralization of the Cuban people. The resulting movement of the Cuban government away from this approach, along with Hart's position as Minister of Culture, sparked a "rectification" process of correcting previous mistakes. These amends included tempering off the repressive policies of the grey years and allowed for a cultural revival during this time. In 1986, Fidel Castro made a speech acknowledging that Cuba had been veering away from the original stated purpose of the 1959 Revolution and into something "worse than capitalism" for several years leading up to that point. The subsequent "Special Period" in Cuban history which took place from 1990 to 2003 attempted to remedy this situation by way of several major institutional changes, such as sweeping renovations to the Cuban legal, political, economic, and civil systems.

The fall of the USSR in 1991 also greatly contributed to ending the repressive policies that characterized the grey years. With Soviet Russia gone, Cuba found itself in an extremely vulnerable financial position; the country experienced a dramatic dip in sugar production that devastated its economy throughout the 1990s. The general consensus among scholars is that the Cuban government was too focused on economic survival during this period to concern itself with censoring intellectuals.

These events, along with the advent of the internet and the accompanying force of globalization, led to a cautious post-Soviet recovery of artistic autonomy throughout the country.

Legacy
Despite the decline of cultural repression in the late 1970s, censorship in Cuba still existed well into the 1980s and 90s. This is illustrated by the 1989 movie Alicia en el pueblo de Maravillas ("Alice in Wondertown"), a comedy that parodied the Cuban government's bureaucracy, inefficiency, and corruption. In the context of the dissolution of the Soviet Bloc and the government's desire to crack down on "ideological diversionism" in an attempt to avoid the same fate, the movie was banned after its award winning debut at the Berlin International Film Festival. Shortly thereafter, the Cuban Film Institute ("Instituto Cubano de Arte e Industria Cinematográficos", or ICAIC) was put on notice that it would be merging with the film and television of the military as a result of the economic crisis of the 1990s. This was seen as a potential "death blow" to the newly-recovered independence of the Cuban film industry, but after intense protests by the Cuban people, the government yielded and reinstated the ICAIC. However, this was not without compromise; the former head of the Institute, Julio García Espinosa, was replaced by Castro ally Alfredo Guevara.

In 2000, on the heels of neoliberal globalization, the Cuban government began to undertake major policy changes in its social sector which it refers to as the "Battle of Ideas", or the "batalla de ideas". The goal of this program was to open cultural opportunities in Cuba and address deepening social inequalities in order to boost the morale of its citizens and push back against American capitalist ideology. The key features of the "Battle of Ideas" included a weighty overhaul of the school system and a renaissance in the production, creation, and dissemination of cultural products with a heavy emphasis on patriotism and internationalism.

In January of 2007, an elderly Luis Pavón Tamayo appeared beside Raúl Castro on a Cuban television program in an interview about his life, which painted his career overall in a positive light and did not acknowledge his role in the grey years. This widely appalled Cubans and ignited a nation-wide fear that the government was taking a renewed hard stance on censorship. In what became known as the "email war" (or the "guerra de los emails"), a chain of email correspondences regarding the scandal was set off by prominent writer Jorge Ángel Pérez and quickly drew national attention. The UNEAC subsequently issued a statement on the front page of Cuba's national newspaper, Granma, assuring Cubans that national policy would not be altered.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Grey years


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Historical Introduction to Philosophy/Descartes Scratch Page

Historical Introduction to Philosophy

Rene Descartes

Biography

Descartes was a leading figure in the scientific revolution of the 17th century. He helped shape the “new science” or the worldview that the universe was a heliocentric system, meaning that the sun not earth and humans were at the center of the universe. Also, that the world could be explained using reason and mathematical specifically geometric equations. Descartes used a method of doubt to find undisputable truth and explain how the universe worked. In order to accomplish this he must define knowledge. He relates knowledge to a tree with the roots being the foundation, physics the trunk and the branches are ethics as well as the other sciences. He believed that, if he doubted something even once, it could not be 100% certain.

List of Works The World 1633 (never published)

Dicourse on Method 1637

Meditations of First Philosophy: In which the existence of god and the real distinction of the mind and body, are demonstrated 1641

Principles of Philosophy

Influences

Descartes was largely influenced by Plato, Pythagoras, Anselm, and Aquinas, and rejected the Aristotilian world views the church so fiercely held onto. Descartes' findings findings inspired Spinoza, Libenz, Locke, Hume, and most any of the modern philosophers have been influenced by his work. Wheather or not they agree with him is another matter.

Descartes was responding to Aristorle, Aquinas, Anslem

 Philosophical Contributions Discovered Analytical Geometry Cartisiean Coordinates Cartisiean Dualism

Arguements Cogito ergo sum Mind/Spirit/Soul The existence of god The Evol Demon

Synopsis of philosophical thought

Methods Method of doubt Geometry - clear and distinct proof

Brain in Vat arguement

Linguistics? On the night of November 10, 1619, alone in a room with no distractions he sat in front of the fire to begin his famous search for the truth. He cast aside his beliefs by using a method of doubt. In order to get to the Truth he must cast doubt on his opinions and their foundations. This method had four rules. First, he suggested that the search proceed slowly and meticulously. This could be accomplished by breaking the parts of each supposed truth into small parts then rebuilding with 100% certain knowledge. He acknowledges that what he knows about the world before his great quest came from his senses. He was also aware of the fact that our senses can deceive us and give us false information. He argued that an evil demon must be the deceiver and this miline gienie can even chase us in our dreams.

Discourse on Method

The Meditations In the first meditation, Descartes refers to much of the information contained in his discourse of method. By way of self analysis he comes to the conclusion that he has a soul. He says “I will doubt not only what is obviously false, but what is even slightly doubtful.” He looks at his hands and realizes that they must be his and the he would be crazy not to think so. He admits that the fives senses can deceive man. He casts away his former beliefs and asserts that he will doubt anything and everything he knows. Descartes’s famous cogito ergo sum argument is the main focus of the second meditation. He asserts that what he sees is not to be trusted, his memory is suspect, he has no body, and no senses. So, what is he? Descartes then asserts he must exist and that some heinous demon must be deceiving him by way of the senses. Enter the “I think therefore I am.” How can he doubt that he exists, after all, he does think. He explains the “I” by using wax as an example. He studies a candle noting its size, shape, sound… next he heats the candle in the fire observing then change after it melts. He concludes that the candle has changed but that the wax is the same. This knowledge he believes is innate, something we can only get to by intellect. The third meditation contains his argument proving the existence of god. The argument is weak, but accepted by many. Descartes asserts that ideas are like atoms, they crash together when we are thinking. He proves god’s existence by saying that god is a perfect being, and that humans are imperfect. An imperfect being cannot create a perfect being therefore god is real. Descartes uses the next two meditation s to reaffirm this argument.

In the sixth meditation Descartes addresses the mind body problem. Asserting again, that the senses cannot be trusted with absolute certainty. He also concludes that he is a thinking being, and that his mind is not extended. He asserts that the body is extended, meaning that it takes up space thus separating the mind from the body. He reasons that there must be something outside of the mind and body that causes sense perception. This something Descartes concludes is god. For God is good and would not deceive poor little man.

Descartes moves to explains true understanding. He does this, using mathematical examples. If a square has four sides humans can understand the concept of a square. On the other hand if 10,000 demons are standing in a room, humans must use imagination. Imagination is not an essential property of the mind so again god must have something to do with human perception. Descartes is to this day a great influence for many thinkers.


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Tactical media

Tactical media is a term coined in 1996, to denote a form of media activism that privileges temporary interventions in the media sphere over the creation of permanent and alternative media outlets.

Examples
Tactical media projects are often a mix between art and activism, which explains why many of its roots can be traced to various art movements. It has been suggested by tactical media theorist Geert Lovink that "discourse plus art equals spectacle", reflecting its striking and memorable nature. Although there are no strict mediums through which it operates, tactical media can often have very high aesthetic value, adding to its "spectacle" and reinforcing some of its artistic roots.

GWbush.com
In 1998, computer programmer and political activist Zack Exley purchased a domain and created a website titled GWbush.com. He invited the group RTMark (pronounced Art Mark) to build a copy of George W. Bush's official website, as they had done for some corporate websites.

Later, Zack Exley changed the website to be a more mainstream satire (drawing criticism from RTMark), posting a fake press release from the Bush campaign announcing a promise to "pardon all drug prisoners as long as they've learned from their past mistakes". In the midst of Bush's campaign for office, the website not only received millions of hits, but also received coverage from such organizations as ABC News, USA Today and Newsweek. This phenomenon can be classified as tactical media because of its conformance to its corresponding criteria.

Tactical air force
In 2000, Mexico's Zapatista Army of National Liberation social movement decided to launch a "tactical air force". The Zapatistas' air force consisted of hundreds of paper airplanes. After throwing the planes over the fence of a federal barrack, confused troops were quick to point their rifles at the paper intruders, creating an image that conveyed a very strong message of peace versus war—the target ultimately being the government.

Comparisons
It has often been compared to culture jamming, as both use many of the same techniques in an attempt to occupy the public space controlled by mass media. Where the two practices differ is in their way to obtain this public space; while culture jamming consists of a response to the dominant practices within it, tactical media uses the dominant practices in order to penetrate it and become part of it. Tactical media has also been compared to alternative media. It differs from the latter by its manner in dealing with mass media where alternative media does not seek to infiltrate the dominant by a quick tactic; it attempts to oppose it by proposing what its name suggests: an alternative to the dominant.

Organizations

 * Critical Art Ensemble
 * Institute for Applied Autonomy
 * RTMark
 * subRosa
 * Telestreet
 * The Yes Men
 * Mídia Tática Brasil

title: Tactical media


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Talk:Patient administration system

One of the earliest components of a hospital computer system which records the patient's name, home address, date of birth and each contact with the outpatient department or admission and discharge.

title: Talk:Patient administration system


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User:GarethRhys

Shwmae? Currently a final year student in Cardiff University studying Biochemistry. Originally from Abercraf in the Upper Swansea Valley. I have edited several articles about the Swansea Valley, and tidied up bits and bobs with regard to the Welsh language, South Wales Valleys article amongst others. Also active on the Wicipedia Gymraeg.

title: User:GarethRhys


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Talk:Chandrakant Shah

External links modified
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:00, 19 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chandrakant Shah


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Apha Saidu Bangura

Apha Saidu Bangura is a Sierra Leonean social media political commentator and political analyst who is currently a member of the communication unit at the Sierra Leone Ministry of Information and Communication. He regularly releases audio on WhatsApp and videos on YouTube about the latest major Sierra Leonean political news and other major incidents in Sierra Leone. Alpha Saidu is well known in the Sierra Leonean community in the United States and the Sierra Leonean community in Europe. Alpha Saidu is also well known across Sierra Leone.

Alpha Saidu is a regular outspoken critic of Sierra Leone's political elites, he is particularly very critical of former Sierra Leone"s president Ernest Bai Koroma and the All People's Congress (APC).

Alpha Saidu is a member of the ruling Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), and he often praises many of the SLPP founding fathers, especially Sierra Leone Independent leader Sir Milton Margai.

Alpha Saidu was an outspoken critic of many of the present SLPP politicians, especially former Sierra Leone military ruler and current Sierra Leone president Julius Maada Bio. However, Alpha Saidu has given his full support to Bio after Bio was elected the SLPP presidential candidate for the 2018 Sierra Leone presidential election.

Alpha Saidu even attended an SLPP fundraising dinner in Dallas, Texas in support of Bio. Alpha Saidu said he has given his support to Bio because Bio was democratically elected by the large majority of the SLPP delegate as the party's presidential candidate for 2018 Sierra Leone presidential election, and as a member of the SLPP he has unified with members of the party to support the presidential candidate.

Alpha Saidu was born and raised in Freetown, Sierra Leone to Muslim parents from the Temne ethnic group. Alpha Saidu himself is a devout Muslim and he often quote verses from the Quran during his speech.

title: Apha Saidu Bangura


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Mitsubishi Dion

The Mitsubishi Dion is a compact MPV produced by Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors. Following its exhibition at the 1999 Tokyo Motor Show, it was introduced on January 25, 2000 priced from ¥1,598,000–1,848,000, it was built on a stretched Lancer/Mirage platform, with seven seats in a 2–3–2 configuration. The name was derived from Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and joy.

A facelifted Dion was launched in Japan in May 2002.

Annual production and sales
The company's initial sales target for the car was 4,500 in the first month, a figure exceeded by 1,000 after the first two weeks.

(Sources: Facts & Figures 2000, Facts & Figures 2005, Facts & Figures 2007, Mitsubishi Motors website)

title: Mitsubishi Dion


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Talk:That Total Age

Fair use rationale for Image:NETTA.jpg
Image:NETTA.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 22:48, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:That Total Age


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Kendal Manuel

Kendal Allen Manuel (born September 13, 1997) is an American-Mozambican professional basketball player for Union Tarbes-Lourdes Pyrénées Basket of the Nationale Masculine 1. He played college basketball for the Oregon State Beavers and Montana Grizzlies.

Early life and high school career
Manuel was born in Billings, Montana but moved to Mozambique in his youth. His family later lived in Maine, Florida and New Orleans before moving back to Montana. He attended Skyview High School in Billings. Manuel averaged 21.8 points, 6.1 rebounds, 2.0 assists and 1.8 steals per game as a junior. Manuel helped Skyview win its first-ever Class AA state basketball championship in 2015. After considering attending prep school, he signed with Oregon State in June 2015. Manuel had known coach Wayne Tinkle for years as he was friends with Tinkle's son, fellow Oregon State signee Tres Tinkle.

College career
Manuel missed his true freshman season at Oregon State with a broken right leg. As a redshirt freshman, he started 25 games and averaged 7.8 points, 2.4 rebounds and 1.6 assists per game, shooting 38.5 percent from behind the arc. During his sophomore season Manuel saw his minutes decline and averaged 2.6 points, 1.2 rebounds and 0.3 assists per game. The Beavers finished 5-27, and he decided to transfer. Manuel decided to come home to play for the Montana Grizzlies, and he was granted immediate eligibility hours before his first game. Manuel averaged 8.7 points per game as a junior and was named Big Sky Newcomer of the Year. He struggled with his shooting in the nonconference part of his senior season, making 25.3 percent of his three-point attempts and shot 35.3 percent from the field. On January 4, 2020, he scored a career-high 30 points and grabbed six rebounds in a 74-66 loss to Northern Colorado. As a senior, Manuel averaged 15.1 points, 3.5 rebounds and 1.9 assists per game. He earned Second Team All-Big Sky honors.

Professional career
On August 18, 2020, Manuel signed his first professional contract with Oviedo of the Spanish LEB Oro. However, he left the team on September 25. On January 26, 2021, Manuel signed with Força Lleida. He averaged 5.3 points and 1.0 assist per game. On June 25, 2021, Manuel signed with Union Tarbes-Lourdes Pyrénées Basket of the Nationale Masculine 1.

National team career
Manuel has represented Mozambique in international competitions. During the FIBA Africa Windows of qualification for the Mundobasket 2019, he averaged 21.7 points, four rebounds, 1.7 assists and 1.3 steals per game.

Personal life
Manuel's father Paulo Manuel is a native of Mozambique and a nephew of Nelson Mandela.

title: Kendal Manuel


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User:Person853/TWA/Earth/2

Shape and structure

Tectonic plates

Surface

Atmosphere

Weather, climate, and water cycle

Orbit and rotation

title: User:Person853/TWA/Earth/2


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Yato (Pukapuka)

Yato is one of three villages on the island of Wale in the Pukapuka atoll of the Cook Islands. Yato is the westernmost village and regulates the island of Motu Kotawa and the sand cay of Toka.

Niua School is located in the village.

title: Yato (Pukapuka)


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Novye Zori

Novye Zori (Новые Зори) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Novozorinsky Selsoviet, Pavlovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 3,299 as of 2013. There are 38 streets.

Geography
Novye Zori is located 41 km southeast of Pavlovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Komsomolsky and Lesnoy are the nearest rural localities.

title: Novye Zori


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Krasny Vostok, Altai Krai

Krasny Vostok (Красный Восток) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Zelenodolsky Selsoviet, Petropavlovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 20 as of 2013. There are 2 streets.

Geography
Krasny Vostok is located on the Anuy River, 15 km north of Petropavlovskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nikolayevka is the nearest rural locality.

title: Krasny Vostok, Altai Krai


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Halpe zema

Halpe zema, the zema banded ace, is a species of skipper, a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae. It is native to Nepal, India, and Myanmar.

Taxonomy
The species was first described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1877.

The subspecies of Halpe zema found in India is:

 * Halpe zema zema Hewitson, 1877 – Sikkim zema banded ace

Description
The wingspan of Halpe zema reaches 32-35 mm.

Edward Yerbury Watson in his 1891 Hesperiidae Indica described the butterfly as: "Upperside dark rufous-brown. Anterior wing with six transparent white spots, one in the cell, two divided by a branch of the median nervure, and three near the apex: a black linear spot (which denotes the male) from the inner margin. Posterior wing with an indistinct central ochreous spot: the fringe white. Underside as above, except that it is rufous, that the anterior wing has the costal margin and a subapical band ochraceous, and that the posterior wing is crossed from the costal margin to the submedian nervure by a band of pale yellow."

Distribution and habitat
The zema banded ace is distributed from Nepal to Arunachal Pradesh, north-east India, and Myanmar. It is also found in Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam and the northern part of Myanmar.

It is common except during the cold winter months. March to November is their approximate flight period. It is mostly found in the high hilly forest that receives heavy rainfall annually. The flight of this species is very strong and rapid with very wary movement. Males are sometimes spotted near the hill streams or wet rock. Females are rarely seen.

title: Halpe zema


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Ermatingen

Ermatingen is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

History
The Stone Age Westerfeld and Büge shoreline settlements were discovered in 1861 and studied extensively 1981-83, with finds from the Pfyn, Horgen and Corded Ware cultures (4000-2500 BC.) An Alamanni graveyard has also been found outside the early medieval village.

The village of Ermatingen is first mentioned in 724 as Erfmotingas. It was part of the land owned by the monastery of Reichenau, and the abbot was the landlord, judge and appointed the priest for the village. The low court in the village was administered by a monastery appointed Meier. The position of Meier and the associated bailiwick were often used as security for a loan, for example in 1446 to the Lords of Klingenberg. In the 13th century and 1518 openings are occupied.

In the Swabian War of 1499 the village was destroyed. By the 16th century, Ermatingen was on the way to becoming a town, with a high and low council, a court and various privileges. In 1660 the town was granted market rights. After the incorporation of the Abbey of Reichenau into the diocese of Constance in 1540, the lower court rights were held by the Bishop, until 1798.

The parish originally ran by the lake to the Seerücken mountains, and in the High Middle Ages included Mannenbach and Triboltingen. The church of Ermatingen was built in 1359 and was incorporated into the Abbey of Reichenau. In 1528 it turned to the Protestant Reformation. This meant that the Catholic Abbey (and after 1540 the Catholic Bishop of Constance) had the right to appoint the town priest in the mainly Reformed parish. This situation remained until 1804, when the town acquired the right to appoint their priest. The town church became a shared church in 1546. In 1723/24 Wäldi separated from the Reformed parish, as did Gunterswil and Hohrain Wäldi in 1949. In 1756 the community acquired rights to most itself, except for the mills and water rights. In 1763 the guild of master shoemakers opened in Ermatingen. By the end of the 18th century, it possessed the internal customs and navigation rights. In the 19th century fishing, cereals grains, fruit, hemp and viticulture were the basis of the villagers economy. With the expansion of the Seestrasse (Lake Road) (1823), the steamship company on the lake (since 1825) and the railway (1875), the town saw increased traffic. After 1870, tourism became a major industry in Ermatingen. At the end of the 19th century the mechanical embroidery and trans-shipping industries entered the town. In 1848 a carpentry factory moved into the town, and in 1936 it became the Jacques Goldinger AG company. In 1875 a tin can and aluminum products factory (Louis Sauter AG) opened in Ermatingen, followed by several other manufacturing companies. During the 20th century agriculture became increasingly less important. The commercial fisheries have mostly vanished, though some fish breeding and the traditional "Gropp Carnival" remain in town. The UBS Training Center at Schloss Wolfsberg (opened in 1975) and the Entrepreneurs' Forum Lilienberg (since 1989) have turned Ermatingen into a nationally known training site (in 2000 almost two thirds of jobs were in the services sector). Ermatingen has been the meeting location for the Wolfsberg Group, a global banking organization, since its founding in 1999.

Geography
Ermatingen had an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of. Of this area, 4.32 km2 or 41.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.38 km2 or 42.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.4 km2 or 13.4% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.01 km2 or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.31 km2 or 3.0% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 7.1% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 1.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.5%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 3.8%. Out of the forested land, 40.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 36.8% is used for growing crops, while 4.6% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

Over the past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by 26 ha and the agricultural land has decreased by 26 ha.

The municipality is located in the Kreuzlingen district, on the Untersee section of Lake Constance across from Reichenau Island in Germany. It consists of the villages of Ermatingen and Triboltingen.

Demographics
Ermatingen has a population of. , 28.2% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 3 years (2010-2013) the population has changed at a rate of 7.33%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2013, was 7.8 while the death rate was 5.6 per thousand residents.

Most of the population speaks German (92.3%), with Italian as second most common (2.1%) and Albanian as third (1.1%).

, the gender distribution of the population was 50.4% male and 49.6% female. The population was made up of 1,057 Swiss men (37.3% of the population), and 372 (13.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,091 Swiss women (38.5%), and 316 (11.1%) non-Swiss women. , children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 18.2% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 62.2% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.6%.

, there were 1,072 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household. there were 431 single family homes (or 75.5% of the total) out of a total of 571 inhabited buildings. There were 65 two family buildings (11.4%), 29 three family buildings (5.1%) and 46 multi-family buildings (or 8.1%). There were 701 (or 28.9%) persons who were part of a couple without children, and 1,163 (or 47.9%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 132 (or 5.4%) people who lived in single parent home, while there are 5 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 8 persons who lived in a household made up of relatives, 27 who lived in a household made up of unrelated persons, and 22 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing.

In 2013 there were 1,354 private households in Ermatingen. Of the 711 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 60.6% were single family homes and 19.7% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 38.1% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 13.9% were built between 1991 and 2000. In 2012 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 20.44. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 3.14%.

there were 1,245 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 4 room apartment of which there were 332. There were 61 single room apartments and 195 apartments with six or more rooms. the average price to rent an average apartment in Ermatingen was 1058.37 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$850, £480, €680 approx. exchange rate from 2000). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 457.95 CHF (US$370, £210, €290), a two-room apartment was about 769.31 CHF (US$620, £350, €490), a three-room apartment was about 899.99 CHF (US$720, £400, €580) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1772.83 CHF (US$1420, £800, €1130). The average apartment price in Ermatingen was 94.8% of the national average of 1116 CHF.

The historical population is given in the following table:

Heritage sites of national significance
The Gasthaus Adler, the Kehlhof, the Church of St Albin, and the prehistoric shoreline settlement of Westerfeld/Büge are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance. The villages of Ermatingen and Triboltingen as well as the Untersee region (including Ermatingen, Gottlieben, Kreuzlingen, Salenstein, Tägerwilen) are all listed as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Economy
, Ermatingen had an unemployment rate of 1.65%. , there were a total of 1,141 people employed in the municipality. Of these, 75 people worked in 32 businesses in the primary economic sector. The secondary sector employed 298 workers in 51 separate businesses. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 768 jobs in 200 businesses. In 2013 a total of 20.4% of the population received social assistance.

there were 1,641 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 733 or about 44.7% of the residents worked outside Ermatingen while 457 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 1,365 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 8.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 51% used a private car.

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the SVP with 37.1% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (15.4%), the SP (12.9%) and the CVP (11.9%). In the federal election, a total of 860 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 48.8%.

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 43.14% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (16.57%), the CVP (13.53%) and the SP (10.83%). In the federal election, a total of 878 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 49.9%.

Religion
From the, 728 or 30.0% were Roman Catholic, while 1,311 or 54.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 2 Old Catholics (or about 0.08% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland there are 22 individuals (or about 0.91% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 35 individuals (or about 1.44% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There were 55 (or about 2.27% of the population) who are Islamic. There are 7 individuals (or about 0.29% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 214 (or about 8.82% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 53 individuals (or about 2.18% of the population) did not answer the question.

Transport
Ermatingen sits on the Lake Line between Schaffhausen and Rorschach and is served by the St. Gallen S-Bahn at Ermatingen railway station and Triboltingen railway station.

Education
In Ermatingen about 77.5% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).

Ermatingen is home to the Ermatingen primary school district. It is also home to the Ermatingen secondary school district. In the 2008/2009 school year there were 197 students in the primary school district. There were 54 children in the kindergarten, and the average class size was 18 kindergartners. Of the children in kindergarten, 30 or 55.6% were female, 9 or 16.7% were not Swiss citizens and 2 or 3.7% did not speak German natively. The lower and upper primary levels begin at about age 5-6 and last for 6 years. There were 63 children in who were at the lower primary level and 80 children in the upper primary level. The average class size in the primary school was 20.43 students. At the lower primary level, there were 39 children or 61.9% of the total population who were female, 19 or 30.2% were not Swiss citizens and 7 or 11.1% did not speak German natively. In the upper primary level, there were 38 or 47.5% who were female, 15 or 18.8% were not Swiss citizens and 6 or 7.5% did not speak German natively.

There are 100 students in the secondary school district. At the secondary level, students are divided according to performance. The secondary level begins at about age 12 and usually lasts 3 years. There were 68 teenagers who were in the advanced school, of which 35 or 51.5% were female, 18 or 26.5% were not Swiss citizens and 6 or 8.8% did not speak German natively. There were 32 teenagers who were in the standard school, of which 16 or 50.0% were female, 7 or 21.9% were not Swiss citizens and 4 or 12.5% did not speak German natively. The average class size for all classes at the secondary level was 14.29 students.

Crime
In 2014 the crime rate, of the over 200 crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code (running from murder, robbery and assault to accepting bribes and election fraud), in Ermatingen was 24.6 per thousand residents. This rate is lower than average, only 46.0% of the rate in the district, 55.4% of the cantonal rate and 38.1% of the average rate in the entire country. During the same period, the rate of drug crimes was 4.2 per thousand residents, which was 42.4% of the national rate. The rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 2.3 per thousand residents. This rate is lower than average, only 30.3% of the rate in the district and 46.9% of the rate for the entire country.

Notable people

 * Cesar Lüthi, Swiss sports marketing businessman
 * Oskar Naegeli, Swiss dermatologist and chess master
 * Otto Naegeli, Swiss hematologist
 * Toto Wolff, Formula One team principal and investor

title: Ermatingen


text:
Alalcomenae

Alalcomenae (Ἀλαλκομεναί) is the name of several towns in Ancient Greece.

 * Alalcomenae (Boeotia)
 * Alalcomenae (Ithaca)
 * Alalcomenae (Macedonia)
 * Alalkomenes, Boeotia

title: Alalcomenae


text:
Vyacheslav Bykov

Vyacheslav Arkadevich "Slava" Bykov (Вячеслав Аркадьевич Быков, born 24 July 1960) is a Russian former professional ice hockey player and a former head coach of the Russian national hockey team. A small, technically gifted center, he was a regular fixture on the Soviet national ice hockey team in the 1980s; after the fall of the Soviet Union, he played for the Russian team in the 1990s. He was drafted by the Quebec Nordiques in the 1989 NHL Entry Draft in the 9th round at number 169 overall. He opted, however, not to play in the National Hockey League, playing in Russia and Europe. He was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2014.

Playing career
Bykov started out playing for the team of his home city, Traktor Chelyabinsk in 1979. After three years, he went to play for powerhouse CSKA Moscow. While at CSKA Moscow, he became a regular on the Soviet national team and later the Russian team, taking part in the following international tournaments:

With the Unified Team: With Russia:
 * With the Soviet Union:
 * 1983 World Championships (Gold)
 * 1985 World Championships (Bronze)
 * 1986 World Championships (Gold)
 * 1987 World Championships (Silver)
 * 1987 Canada Cup (Silver)
 * 1988 Winter Olympics (Gold)
 * 1989 World Championships (Gold)
 * 1992 Winter Olympics (Gold)
 * 1993 World Championships (Gold)
 * 1995 World Championships (5th place)

In 1990, Bykov went to play with HC Fribourg-Gottéron in the Swiss Nationalliga A. He ended an illustrious playing career in 2000, having played the last two seasons with HC Lausanne in the Nationalliga B.

He was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2014.

Russian national team
On 10 August 2006, Bykov was named as the new head coach of the Russian national hockey team, taking over from Vladimir Krikunov. At the 2007 World Championship in Moscow, his team won the bronze medal. Then, on 18 May 2008, he won 2008 World Championships Gold in Quebec with the team, and on 10 May 2009 again in Bern. After losing 3–7 to Canada and finishing 6th at the 2010 Winter Olympics and failing to win gold in two subsequent WCs, he was fired by the RHF.

 * 2007 World Championships (Bronze)
 * 2008 World Championships (Gold)
 * 2009 World Championships (Gold)
 * 2010 Winter Olympics (6th)
 * 2010 World Championships (Silver)
 * 2011 World Championships (4th)

CSKA
From 28 April 2004 to 4 April 2009, Bykov worked as the head coach of CSKA Moscow. The best results during this period were the semi-finals of the Russian Superleague and the quarter-finals of the KHL.

Salavat Yulaev
Salavat Yulaev Ufa named Bykov as new head coach on 14 May 2009 starting from the 2009–2010 season. After winning the Continental Cup and taking bronze in 2009–2010, he won the Gagarin Cup with Salavat Yulaev in 2010–2011.

SKA Saint Petersburg
SKA Saint Petersburg appointed Bykov as new head coach on 4 April 2014. He signed a two-year contract with an option for a one-year extension. In his first season with the team, Bykov coached SKA to their first ever Gagarin Cup win, becoming the first coach to win the Gagarin Cup with two different teams.

Personal life
He is married and has two children. In 2003, he became a naturalised Swiss citizen, and his family now lives in Marly, Switzerland.

He is of Mari descent.

In 2023, Bykov slammed the NHL for barring Russian players from bringing the Stanley Cup to Russia, stating he would never watch NHL games again.

title: Vyacheslav Bykov


text:
Talk:Goblin Combe

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Goblin Combe. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://ycccart.co.uk/Documents/Four%20enclosures%20full%20final.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120930114854/http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=194816&sort=4&search=all&criteria=Cleeve%20Toot&rational=q&recordsperpage=10 to http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=194816&sort=4&search=all&criteria=Cleeve%20Toot&rational=q&recordsperpage=10

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:13, 13 January 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Goblin Combe


text:
Vousden

Vousden is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Karen Vousden (born 1957), British medical researcher
 * Val Vousden (1885–1956), Irish actor, poet, and playwright
 * William Vousden (1848–1902), Scottish Victoria Cross recipient and British Indian Army general

title: Vousden


text:
Talk:Dolores Fuller

Relationship with Wood
The article, citing Grey's book, quotes her as saying "I couldn't handle the transvestism." OTOH, the Daily Telegraph obituary quotes her as saying "His dressing up didn’t bother me — we all have our little queer habits." and gives Wood's drinking as the reason for the breakup. Which to use? Sergeant Cribb (talk) 16:19, 3 June 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dolores Fuller


text:
File talk:Publicly Held Federal Debt 1790-2009.png

It would be real useful to link to the assumptions that create such a different path from the "business-as-usual", the "alternative" path of the budget that actually is expected to occur.robdashu (talk) 15:01, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

What are the units for the y-axis? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:47, 10 August 2012 (UTC)

I am also wondering what are the units for the y-axis. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:17, 5 October 2012 (UTC)

 * The y-axis is "as a percentage of GDP" like it says in the image description. Coinmanj (talk) 03:39, 31 December 2012 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Pixie (X-Men)

Disam
There needs to be a dissabmiguation page to differentiate between the Pixie who is a mutant and the Pixie who is an Eternal (there was also a Morlock affiliated mutant called Pixie who appeared in Ghost Rider).--<IP_ADDRESS> 20:12, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't say disambig, just split into three sections to discuss the three different Pixies, or simply keep with discussing Pixie the Paragon, and briefly mention the rest. --JB Adder | Talk 23:47, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Pixieart.jpg
Image:Pixieart.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 08:56, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

New Information
In the recent arc Pixie was assigned a mentor and more information about her was revealed, is it okay to add this so soon or too early? Drroett 14:26, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Pixieart.jpg
Image:Pixieart.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 21:58, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

Recent rvt
I reverted a recent edit that originally removed Mike Carey's statements of Pixie's role on the adult Uncanny X-Men team. I feel that removing a third party source is probably not a good thing and that the information is up to wiki standards, providing information on how the character fits in a fictional narrative (i.e. younger foil). In that way, it makes the article more than just a fan update page. Feel free to talk it out here.Luminum (talk) 15:03, 11 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Agree. I went into the history and readded this again. Secondary sources for minor comic book characters are hard enough to find as it is, we should certainly not be deleting those we have. Yob  Mod  14:45, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

Pictures
I think the top-level picture should be replaced by the 'pixie dust' picture. It is much better, in showing more of what Pixie can do and it just looks better art-wise. Lots42 (talk) 19:13, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

Recent Changes
I've done a series of changes on this page. I've reduced miscellaneous/unnecessary information (ex. panel-by-panel) and summarized the events into larger paragraphs. I've added sources for the page and added a better image for the character box (the image should be a full-body image, 3/4 angle, with a clean background). The current image is as best as I could find of the character as she is most recognized in full body and 3/4's. The previous image is a straight-on angle that doesn't show the character in entirety for identification. I've also added an image of the Souldagger. I fixed the tense of the article to present tense and added to the lead as directed by Lead section.Luminum (talk) 22:55, 28 July 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pixie (X-Men)


text:
Run for Cover (Sugababes song)

"Run for Cover" is a song by British girl group Sugababes. Group members Siobhan Donaghy, Keisha Buchanan, and Mutya Buena wrote the song with Jony Lipsey, Cameron McVey, and Paul Simm for the band's debut album One Touch (2000). It was released as the album's third single on 9 April 2001 and reached the top 30 in Germany and the top 20 on the UK Singles Chart.

Song information
The song was produced by Lipsey, McVey and Simm. It received strong reviews from music critics. The track is one of the group's darkest and most haunting singles to date. The lyrics describe escaping from the reality and harshness of the world, possibly an abusive relationship (you never seem to wonder/how much you make me suffer). It was released as the third single from the group's debut album One Touch in April 2001 and sold 64,242 copies. In 2007, Czech singer Tereza Kerndlová covered the song as "Zhasis" for her album Orchidej. According to tunebat.com, the song is in the key of E minor and played at a tempo of 106 BPM.

One Touch 20th Anniversary Edition
On 11 May 2021, the Sugababes released a reworking of "Run for Cover" featuring singer MNEK.

Track listings
Notes
 * $undefined$ denotes additional producer(s)

title: Run for Cover (Sugababes song)


text:
Talk:Gloucester Park, Perth

The beginning
OK, I've kicked off the article. A photo or two would be good.

This site has a good history of trotting in WA, maybe some of the info can be included here, and the rest into Trotting in Western Australia (or Harness racing in Western Australia?).

I am also a little unsure about the naming. My UBD calls it "Gloucester Park Trotting Ground". The City of Perth site says "The Gateway to Gloucester Park Trotting Track constructed in 1929" - was that original name?--Commander Keane 17:56, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Requested move 8 October 2018

The result of the move request was: Moved to Gloucester Park, Perth. We normally disambiguate city features such as parks by city name, not by province (I thought this Gloucester Park was a town upon seeing the nom), so I'll supervote a bit here. Incoming links fixed, dab page created at base title. No such user (talk) 10:17, 16 October 2018 (UTC)

Gloucester Park → Gloucester Park, Western Australia – No clear PT [|Gloucester_Park,_Gloucester|Gloucester_Park,_Basildon|Gloucester_Island_National_Park|Gloucester_National_Park|Gloucester_Business_Park|Te_Hopua_a_Rangi] considering that there are 3 places called "Gloucester Park" and several others that aren't directly called this.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 11:59, 8 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Support and dab. Also Gloucester National Park, Gloucester Business Park. Hyperbolick (talk) 14:32, 15 October 2018 (UTC)

Gloucester Park, Margaret River
I recently removed large sections of content that referred to the Gloucester Park in Margaret River, rather than the one in East Perth. Feel free to create a new article about that location - there's additional content at https://recreation.amrshire.wa.gov.au/gloucester-park - Gobeirne (talk) 21:06, 15 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gloucester Park, Perth


text:
Wikiversity:Developing Wikiversity through action research/Participants

Welcome to the research project Developing Wikiversity through action research! If you are interested in participating in this project - even from a peripheral perspective - please list yourself below, preferably with a link to your Wikiversity userpage (or other descriptive webpage), and some indication of what your interest is in this project, and possibly what you would like to achieve within it.

Participants

 * Cormaggio: I am instigating this project (and it will go towards my PhD), but I do not want to claim any "ownership" of this project. This is designed to be a collaborative process, in which the process of the research is defined by the participants (hence the initially unformed nature of much of the project page). I'd be delighted if you would join me in exploring what Wikiversity is and how it could be developed - and I would very much appreciate any comments, no matter how critical, on any aspect of this research. Ultimately, I hope that this research can help to develop a community of reflective practitioners (researchers, educators, learners, or any combinations of these identities). I hope that the project's participants can find ways of working together, that explore the basic features of Wikiversity, and our participation within it. I would like us to be able to develop tools and language to help us come to critical understandings about who we are (both as individuals and communities/groups) and how we conceptualise and facilitate learning, as well as how we impede it. I hope for other things too, but that is all I will say for now. :-) But, again, welcome. Cormaggio beep 21:13, 23 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Leigh Blackall: In my efforts to encourage teaching staff at the vocational education and training institute I work at (Otago Polytechnic) to use and contribute to Wikiversity, I would like to report on the general perceptions from teacher and managers, barriers to particpation, benefits to participation, work flow and processes, needs etc - all from the the perspective of an educational institution in Regional New Zealand. --Leighblackall 00:24, 24 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Saidkassem: I would definitely like to collaborate. I already have a handful of ideas percolating such as the Collaboratively Building Concepts Project--Saidkassem 16:35, 24 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Javier Carro: If my short free time allows me to go forward with my doctor studies, I wish to focus my studies on the use of wikis for language learning. At the moment, I am, somehow, preparing an assessment form to check what is being done, what can be done and how could it be improved. The assessment would be initially regarding language learning wikibooks, considering that they should be one of the main tools of Wikiversity learning groups. If someone has some useful information, or wish to collaborate in the research, please contact me by email. --Javier Carro 18:44, 24 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Andy Roberts: My own research interest is in the application of Action Research methodology to distributed communities, and I'm also interested in the development of a really open university of the internet.


text:
Talk:Dmitry Shevchenko (discus thrower)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070927173814/http://www.european-athletics.org/birmingham/athletebio.php?bib=1293 to http://www.european-athletics.org/birmingham/athletebio.php?bib=1293

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:27, 11 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dmitry Shevchenko (discus thrower)


text:
Indo-Norwegian Project

The Indo-Norwegian Project was Norway's first foreign aid development project. The project was first established in Neendakara, near Quilon, Kerala in 1953; its aim was the modernisation of fisheries in Kerala, and also included improvements in health, sanitation, and water supplies, including building a water pipe factory. The project was moved to Ernakulam in 1961, now focusing on fisheries only. At Ernakulam, an iceplant and workshop with slipway for fishing vessels were built. During the years 1952–1972, Norway gave technical and financial assistance to India to the tune of 120 million Norwegian kroners.

title: Indo-Norwegian Project


text:
ripensare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to think again, to rethink, to reconsider
 * 2)  to ponder, to think over
 * 3)  to change one's mind
 * 4)  to think back, to recall

title: ripensare


text:
User:JWSchmidt/Blog/16 February 2007

MediaWiki interface  For a long time I have been thinking that it might be wise to change the "edit" button to "edit this page" as is used at Wikipedia (see MediaWiki talk:Edit). It was also suggested that the "user page" button be changed to "about me".

The changes to my user page, which allowed me to replace "user page" with "about JWSchmidt" were made on the MediaWiki:Nstab-user page, by writing the following: about.

is a Magic word. This solution doesn't work for subpages.

''Note: Other pages in the MediaWiki namespace that used to allow similar changes to other parts of the interface are apparently not used anymore. In fact, there are may such pages in the MediaWiki namespace that were deleted early in January 2007.''

In an effort to find out how to modify elements of the interface such as the "user talk page" button of the user namespace, I went to the System Administrator's Handbook. Which states:
 * "How do I change the content page, discussion, etc. tags at the top of the page?
 * The file includes/SkinTemplate.php contains a function that builds the list called buildContentActionUrls. It decides what tabs to include for a given page and what code to run when the user clicks on a tab."

I suspect that you need to be a developer to edit "includes/SkinTemplate.php". MediaWiki documentation is being moved to its own website. I could not find what "SkinTemplate.php" is or how to modify it.

 * Yes, you do need FTP privileges to edit SkinTemplate.php. Skintemplate.php is located in the "includes" folder which in most wiki's is in the "wiki" folder. Hope this helps you, because your page didn't help me :( I still don't know how to change those tabs...<IP_ADDRESS> 12:36, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/16 February 2007


text:
levyinen

Etymology
> ; "being of the width (of)"

Adjective

 * 1)  wide, of the width

Related terms

 * See related terms -section under.

title: levyinen


text:
اشتهار

Etymology
Verbal noun of, from the root.

Noun

 * 1) glory, fame, éclat, celebrity, repute, renown, reputation, name
 * 1) glory, fame, éclat, celebrity, repute, renown, reputation, name

title: اشتهار


text:
Edneer

Edaneeru is a hamlet in the Chengala village of Kasaragod district, Kerala State of India.

Post Office
Edaneeru has a branch post office and pin code is 671541.

Schools
HHSIBSHSS (His Holiness Sri ishwarananda Bharathi Swamiji's Higher Secondary School), Edneer.

Sri Vidhyamandir English Medium School

Government Higher Secondary School, Edneer.

Swamiji's High School, Edneer.

Government Upper Primary School, Edneer.

Religious Establishments and Temples
Shri Edneer Mutt.

Shri Edneer Mutt belongs to the parampara of Sri Thotakacharya, one of the first four disciples of Sri Adi Shankaracharya and follows the unique Smartha Bhagawatha tradition of Advaitha Pantha which has more than 1200 years of glorious history of religion, culture, art, music and social service. Srimad Jagadguru Sri Sri Sankaracharya Thotakacharya Keshavananda Bharathi Sripadangalavaru (also known as Edneer Swamiji or Pontiff of Edneer/Kerala Shankaracharya or Shankaracharya of Kerala) is the present head and Guru of Sri Edneer Mutt. He is the only Shankaracharya in the whole state of Kerala.

Shri Keshavananda Bharathi is also the most referred name in the Indian Constitutional Law.

Edneer Mutt is also one of the important tourist destinations of Kasaragod district, Kerala State of India.

- Shri Vishnumangala Temple

- Sri Khana Vanashasthaveshwara Temple

- Sri Mopala Sri MahaVishnu Temple

Related Links
Edneer Mutt

Sri Kesavananda Bharati

Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala

title: Edneer


text:
User:Pineappleexpressbear

About Me
I’m a student at the University of Sydney in Australia, studying Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Laws. I have been making minor edits on Wikipedia since I took a Wikipedia Education class in 2020.

title: User:Pineappleexpressbear


text:
Romanovka, Altai Krai

Romanovka (Романовка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Novonikolayevsky Selsoviet, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 378 as of 2013. There are 4 streets.

Geography
Romanovka is located 33 km southeast of Rubtsovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vishnyovka is the nearest rural locality.

title: Romanovka, Altai Krai


text:
Nugent score

The Nugent Score is a Gram stain scoring system for vaginal swabs to diagnose bacterial vaginosis (BV). The Nugent score is calculated by assessing for the presence of large Gram-positive rods (Lactobacillus morphotypes; decrease in Lactobacillus scored as 0 to 4), small Gram-variable rods (Gardnerella vaginalis morphotypes; scored as 0 to 4), and curved Gram-variable rods (Mobiluncus spp. morphotypes; scored as 0 to 2). A score of 7 to 10 is consistent with bacterial vaginosis without culture. The Nugent Score is now rarely used by physicians due to the time it takes to read the slides and requires the use of a trained microscopist. Bacterial vaginosis diagnosis is done by evaluating the pH, the presences of Lactobacillus spp. versus a mixed flora consisting of Gardnerella vaginalis, Bacteroides spp, Mobiluncus spp, and Mycoplasma hominis. The Amsel Criteria for bacterial vaginosis includes pH, evaluating the presence of clue cells, white discharge and an odor of amines after mixing with KOH.

Scoring
Prior to the development of Nugent score, assessment of bacterial vaginosis was based on culturing G. vaginalis, examining a gram stain of vaginal discharge and gas chromatography.

A score of 0-10 is generated from combining three other scores. The scores are as follows: At least 10–20 high power (1000× oil immersion) fields are counted and an average determined.
 * 0–3 is considered negative for BV
 * 4–6 is considered indeterminate for bacterial vaginosis
 * 7+ is considered indicative of BV.

The scoring system was proposed by Robert P Nugent in 1991. In the study, vaginal swabs were obtained from pregnant women.

title: Nugent score


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Isaac Lenaola

Isaac Lenaola is a Kenyan lawyer and judge, who has served as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Kenya, since 28 October 2016.

Background and education
He was born in present-day Samburu County, on 21 December 1967. He began his education at St. Mary's Nursery School in Maralal, in 1973. He continued his education at "Maralal D.E.B. Primary School" and "Baragoi Primary School" where he sat for his Primary Leaving Examinations. From 1981, he studied at Alliance High School for his O-Level and A-level studies, graduating in 1986, at the top of his class, with the best possible score in A-Level education in Kenya.

In 1987, Isaac Lenaola was admitted to the University of Nairobi, where he studied law, graduating with a Bachelor of Laws, in 1990. He then studied at the Kenya School of Law, where he obtained the Advocates Training Programme. In 1991 he was admitted to the Kenya Bar.

Career
He joined "Rimui & Mubia Advocates", as an Associate Advocate circa 1992. From 1999 until 2003 he served as a Partner and Head of the Litigation Department at the firm of "Maina Wachira & Company Advocates". On 28 October 2003, he was appointed a Justice of the High Court of Kenya.He served in that capacity as a Resident High Court Judge in Embu, Meru, Machakos and Kakamega. He served as a Commissioner at the Judicial Service Commission, from October 2010 until 2013. From July 2011 to date, he is the Deputy Principal Judge of the East African Court of Justice.

Other considerations
In November 2013, Justice Isaac Lenaola was appointed as a Judge of the "Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone". In this capacity, he is involved in commutation of sentences, reviews and retrials from the former "Special Court for Sierra Leone". In the past, he is the chairman of the "Kenya Magistrates and Judges Association". Since 2020, he has been President of the International Association of Refugee and Migration Judges. He is also currently a member of the board of directors at the "Kenya Judicial Training Institute".

title: Isaac Lenaola


text:
User:Alex beta

Currently working on
I am currently contributing to:
 * The modal logic section in the Introduction to Philosophy wikibook.
 * The Logic course in the School of Philosophy.
 * The History of Ancient Philosophy course.
 * The Hegel course.

Main contributions
I have participated in the creation of the following modules:
 * School of Philosophy
 * School of Philosophy courses:
 * Logic
 * Eastern Philosophy (I contributed to the index and the article on Japanese Philosophy, as most of the articles on eastern thought come from the Wikipedia)

Other projects
I am also contributing to the Spanish language Wikiversity and Wikisource. I am registered as Alex beta at both sites.

Contact
If you wish to contact me, please leave your comments on my discussion page.

title: User:Alex beta


text:
The Blackmail Starters Kit

The Blackmail Starters Kit is the second EP by Spahn Ranch, released on April 1, 1994 by Cleopatra Records. It contain remixes from the band's 1993 debut studio album Collateral Damage.

Reception
Jon Worley of Aiding & Abetting commended The Blackmail Starters Kit EP for being a stylistic departure from the band's debut studio album and said "mixing elements of heavy industrial, goth and just plain meanness, Spahn Ranch creates a picture of the world that is sparse and unyielding." Option compared the band favorably to Ministry and Nine Inch Nails and claimed "the beats aren't altogether mechanical, the guitar grind is often captivating, and the vocals are appropriately buried in electronic dirt."

Personnel
Adapted from The Blackmail Starters Kit liner notes.

Spahn Ranch
 * Matt Green – sampler, keyboards, production (1–4, 6, 7), remix (2)
 * Athan Maroulis – lead vocals
 * Rob Morton – programming, sampler, production, recording (5)

Production and design
 * Thomas Eakins – painting
 * Judson Leach – recording (1–4, 6, 7), remix (3, 4)
 * Christopher Payne – cover art, illustrations, design

title: The Blackmail Starters Kit


text:
Rolandi

Rolandi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Carlo Rolandi (1926–2020), Italian sailor
 * Gianna Rolandi (1952–2021), American soprano
 * Sergio Rolandi (1927–1995), Italian sport shooter

title: Rolandi


text:
Talk:Donald J. Hall Sr.

Is there a missing piece?
Would there be a missing Hallmark book

What you love means to me??? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:39, 21 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Donald J. Hall Sr.


text:
Talk:Charles Arthur Roe

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Charles Arthur Roe. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101124125824/http://lhc.gov.pk/judges/former_chief_justices.php to http://www.lhc.gov.pk/judges/former_chief_justices.php

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:39, 19 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Charles Arthur Roe


text:
River Rise Preserve State Park

River Rise Preserve State Park is a Florida state park, located six miles north of High Springs, off U.S. Route 441 within O'Leno State Park. The name derives from it being where the Santa Fe River comes to the surface after having traveled underground for some distance beneath O'Leno State Park.

References and external links

 * River Rise Preserve State Park at Florida State Parks

title: River Rise Preserve State Park


text:
PVOD

PVOD may refer to:

 * Pulmonary venoocclusive disease
 * Premium video on demand
 * Pay-per-view video-on-demand

title: PVOD


text:
Talk:Data Structures/Arrays

some languages
I repeat my statement fromt the types artile: Here too, there are a lot of "some languages do this" and "most languages do that" statement which I found rather dry and theoretical. Again I have added some exampels for "this" and "that" and at least I have the feeling that the text is now more practical and lively.

Only: I have no example for start index [1] can anybody help me out here?

--Krischik 10:41, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Structure of chapter and the book
Hi Krischik: I've noticed the change from integer indexes to any type of indexes. While it's correct that "arrays" can have different index types in high-level languages, I think the point here is to first begin with the absolute lowest-levels first.

In particular, I think the most elementary concepts are the node (e.g. the pair in Lisp, and a two element struct in C) and the integer indexed array. The concept of the node is really the idea of pointers with elements attached to them, and the concept of the array is a simple block of memory you access via offsets. The story I'd like to see this book tell is how, from these two ideas, you can build all other data structures. Thus, when we cover ballanced binary trees, we can mention that's how C++ implements associative arrays.

As for languages, I propose we stick to the pseudo code language and only in the node an array chapters do we show how the code would translate to equivalent C, Java, Scheme, and Python code. (Perhaps another chapter on structs could be covered, showing how to get the equivalent in Scheme.) The abstract ideas should be presented first, and then made concrete by presenting the different languages. (Note: asides and footnotes could still mention other languages, but I would want to resrict that only to widely used or historically important languages.)

So, the idea is that most of the book would be language independent except for the first two or three chapters, and then you'll see everything built up from what was presented before. This includes self-resizing arrays, associative arrays, hashtables, et cetera...

I'm eager to make the book structure changes as discussed on the main talk page as well, and I would like to know what you think.

more abstract
I do aggree with you on most points. Only I see the "low level" and "language independent" more abstract: The array consist of an index which is used to access elements.

Only actual languages restrict the kind of types which can be used as index type or element type - depending on the actual balance between flexibilty, savety and speed which is needed. Like most compiling languages need a discreed type as index type and an definite type as element type so that all elements kann be layed in one large area of memory.

As for languages: I am in favor of broadening the readers mind. Show that here is a live beyond C (no bound checks only int as index type) and Java (only primitives and pointers as element type, only int as index type).

--Krischik 11:07, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

beyond C and Java
To me, the life beyond C and Java is Scheme! It's probably the most important language that is radically different from the current fads. While I'd love to use, say, Smalltalk, instead of Python, that could lead the book to lose it's razor sharp focus. We can completely cover other array types, but I think we should wait until we've shown the user how to build them, first.

That is, we tell the story of the node and the array as if they "came from the heavens" as virtually all languages provide support for them. We then can discuss the concrete instantiations of these two items in the different langauges, and from then on, nothing will be from the heavens, but built-up from these simple concepts.

(So as not to get too much of a distracted reading style, we could include links at the end of chapters where we'd like to elaborate more, either links to the Ada programming book, or the wikipedia, or special end-note pages. Because this is a tutorial hitting only the main points, we should keep the side notes and distractions down. Otherwise, I'd probably go into a full-blown explaination of data structures in the Lambda Calculus, which is more suitable for the programming languages book.) MShonle 18:41, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Maybe without implementation languages
Choosing the right implementation languages is diffcult indeed. Especialy here because the mainstream langugages have particulary bad array implementations (did you have a little peek at the Ada implementation). Maybe we should just explain the various features of arrays, give an overview which language implements which feature and the just link to Programming:C and Programming:Ada and so on for further reading.

The overview could be layed out as a table, then we can add as many languages as we like without causing distraction and no language advocate would feel left behind.

Of corse, you would have to first write Programming:Scheme:arrays ;-).

 * I don't think the Ada example is bad in this section (as long as it compiles). I think SMALL examples add some interest for more experienced readers. And small being 15 or fewer lines. Christopher.Reilly (discuss • contribs) 11:36, 17 June 2015 (UTC)

the data structure concepts are our foremost
Perhaps we differ on what we think this chapter should cover. I do not want to make an encyclopedic treatise on all of the usages of the word "array" and how this programming language or that programming language implements them differently.

To me, the purpose of the array chapter is to cover the concept of a single buffer of memory that is a table of homogenous entries, indexed with integer offsets. This is the most fundamental building block, next to the concept of the node. We need to cover the fundamentals well before we can speak of the even more advanced data-structures. (We can mention that some languages do bounds checks and others don't; and we can even mention slicing: but as an operation, not a programming language feature.)

I'm not opposed to the idea of linking to different articles, but that can lead to a very poor reading experience. I'd rather that links go only one level deep (as in the Computer science:Algorithms book), so that a student could print out each chapter and be sure they have everything they need (printing is still very common in the States).

I would like to cover that set of languages (C, Scheme, Java, and Python) in this chapter and the Node chapter in order to show how the pseudo-code language can be translated. Also, a secondary purpose is to convince the reader that isues like implementation language is not very signifigant when discussing data structures. If we present the concepts well enough they will see the forest instead of the trees.

-- MShonle 15:29, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Sticking with the traditional integer-indexed (from 0) notion of array as a address-accessible contiguous block of storage is hugely important if students will be able to use this section as part of their education about data structures (and algorithms). Languages that allow other data types as array indexes are (in my experience, at least) really implementing a dictionary/hash table lookup, putting a somewhat complicated layer of abstraction underneath the familiar syntax. (I should look into the implementation details some day, but I strongly suspect that PHP does not have classic arrays at all, just dictionaries.)

Including relevant information about the special "array" tricks and variations of real-life programming languages readers will be using is important, but I believe it is confusing to place those in the main body of what should properly be a description of the fundamental/classic array.

As an instructor, I would prefer to see a clear description of a traditional array first, with the implementation details for specific popular languages moved to a second section. Having encountered this discussion about a decade later, perhaps that will be my job ;-)

--Davidhbrown (discuss • contribs) 13:29, 16 July 2014 (UTC)

set of languages
If you fix a set of languages then there will allways be advocates for other languages - like me - knocking on your door. For example: as soon as you need any of the following in C "*", "&", malloc, free I show you that Ada can do without ;-).

Yes, Implementation language are not very signifigant when discussing data structures but they are when it comes down to actualy implementing them. So again: maybe we should live without and use only pseudo-code. Computer science:Algorithms certanly does - the Appendix is empty. Actualy there pseudo-code looks quite nice and understandable without a syntax guide. I am all in favor of using that and there way of using arrays (fixed bound  and variable bounds  ).

BTW: I know 3 of the suggested languages and I have 15 years experience in programming C and C++. I don't want the reader to belive that the criple C offers as an array is realy it.

--Krischik 17:51, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * OK, how about we this: We'll use only the pseduo-code as in the Algorithms book, and only for the Array and Node chapters will be include "deeper" links to cover the fundamental data structures in other languages (including Ada, if you'd like). We can speak of the "get-element" and "set-element" operations as being fundamental, and that the subscript "[]" notation is just a short-hand. (Which reminds me, perhaps getting the length of the array should be considered an operation.)

 * The reader won't be lead to believe that the too basic C arrays are it (i.e., you can't resize, and no bounds checks), because the rest of the book will fully cover the better data-structures.

 * BTW, now that you're active, take a look at my section proposal. If you're OK with it, I'll start making the changes, including chapter navigation and a "Why a Wikibook on Data Structures" message as in the Algorithms book. MShonle 18:41, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * well do go ahead.

pseduo-code
You where asking about an operation for the lenght of an array. I have a proposal based on Ada's operatations on arrays:

 * 'First : index of first element
 * 'Last  : index on last element
 * 'Lenght : shorthand for ('Last - 'First + 1)
 * 'Range : shorthand for ['First .. 'Last]

For the pseduo-code we might drop the esoteric tic ' and use the well known dot. instead.

Example:

A : array [1 .. 10] for I := A.First to A.Last: repeat

or if you like functional syntax more then object.operation syntax:

A : array [1 .. 10] for I := First (A) to Last (A): repeat

Actualy: functional syntax reads more like natural english.

As a side note, the Ada equivalent is

for I in A'Range loop; end loop;

But I don't think this is very suitable for pseduo-code and therefore we could drop the 'Range operation alltogether.

Saying all that, Algorithms use a ISO-Pascal like syntax:

array a[1..n]

Which works perfectly well as well.

another side note: actualy in ISO-Pascal it would be something like this:

procedure X (A : array [n .. m : integer] of character)

 * I prefer the functional syntax because that will be the only choice we have for, say, queues and hashtables. I.e., we can have lookup and insert methods, so if our most fundamental data-structures are similar (except for using the subscript operator) then things would seem to mesh better.

 * I do like saying simply "array a" and "value" (with no type) when the types of the elements don't really matter. That way, the code could translate just as well to an untyped language, to a language with generics, or to a language where you have to commit to the type. (Generics would only clutter the code, however important they are to use in the real-world.) MShonle 17:24, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I do agree here with you.

 * --Krischik 18:39, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Data Structures/Arrays


text:
List of 2006 box office number-one films in Australia

This is a list of films which placed number-one at the box office in Australia during 2006. Amounts are in Australian dollars, which is the type of currency in Australia. Also included are the positions at the box office other films opened at. Quite a number of these are films from the previous year due to normal Australian film distribution delays. The number a film opens at does not necessarily denote its highest placement at the box office (for example, Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties debuted at #13 and later peaked at #3), but is intended as an indication and a guide to what theatrically released films opened and when.