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2312 (novel)

2312 is a hard science fiction novel by American writer Kim Stanley Robinson, published in 2012. It is set in the year 2312 when society has spread out across the Solar System. The novel won the 2013 Nebula Award for Best Novel.

Plot summary
The novel is set in the year 2312, in the great city of Terminator on Mercury, which is built on gigantic tracks in order to constantly stay in the planet's habitable zone near the terminator. Swan Er Hong, an artist and former asteroid terrarium designer, is grieving over the sudden death of her step-grandmother, Alex, who was very influential among the inhabitants of Terminator. After the funeral procession, a conference is held among the family and the close friends of Alex, some of whom Swan has never heard of. This includes Fitz Wahram, a native of the moon Titan, whom Swan dislikes. Following the conference, Swan decides to head out to Io to visit another friend of Alex's, called Wang, who has designed one of the largest qubes, or quantum computers. While Swan is visiting Wang on Io, an apparent attack of some sort fails. An attack on Terminator shortly follows; a meteorite of artificial origin destroys the city's tracks, stopping the city and exposing it to sun, essentially cooking it. As Swan travels, she learns more of the mystery surrounding her grandmother's death and the destruction of her home-city of Terminator. With Wahram and Genette, Swan travels throughout the Solar System and investigates an escalating series of conspiracies.

Inspector Genette eventually discovers how the artificial meteorite that destroyed Terminator was created: someone launched a large number of smaller objects on trajectories that would eventually cause them to coalesce above Mercury, but low enough that the planet's defense system could not destroy the now large object in time. The complexity of the attack leads her to determine that quantum computers must have been used.

Meanwhile, Swan and Wahram become involved in restoring and re-wilding the climate-change-ravaged Earth by returning thousands of species from space-based temporary environments to their home environments on the Earth.

Characters

 * Swan Er Hong. An artist and former asteroid terrarium designer
 * Fitz Wahram. Diplomat from the moon Titan
 * Jean Genette. A "small" who was a close friend to Alex
 * Alex. Influential and deceased scientist and diplomat. Swan's step-grandmother
 * Mqaret. A scientist and Alex's partner
 * Kiran. A young Earth boy who saves Swan from some trouble in his slum-like hometown. In thanks, Swan gives him a job off-planet.

Science and technology
In the world of the novel, the planets Mercury, Venus, and Mars are inhabited by humans, as are the moons of Saturn and Jupiter. Humans have a presence or are building a presence on all the inhabitable surfaces within the Solar System (including moons and satellites). Almost all of the Solar System's largest asteroids have been hollowed out to form "terrariums", which include interior artificial environment designed to mimic various biomes found on earth or combinations of different biomes. Some of these serve as animal reserves or farms for endangered or underproduced flora and fauna. Humans take shuttles to these asteroids and use them as transportation around the system. Some of these terraria fail, such as one where a mistake in programming led to the near-destruction of the asteroid, and another where a small crack in the terrarium's ice wall destroyed most of its population.

In the novel, scientific and technological advances, such as human enhancement, settlements on other planets, and terraforming, have opened gateways to an extraordinary future. One major innovation are the qubes, which are quantum computers possessing artificial intelligence, often small enough that the wearer can have one implanted into their head or attached to their person, like one might wear a watch or carry a phone. Digital, as opposed to quantum, AI is still in use but is being supplanted by the smaller and much more powerful qubes.

Capitalism has been replaced by a planned economy described as based on the mondragon concept controlled by the quantum computers, but on Earth there are still remnants of the market system.

Sex, sexuality and gender
Gender and sexuality within this world is fluid and expansive, with the principal categories of gender and sexuality listed to include feminine, masculine, androgynous, ambisexual, bisexual, neuter, eunuch, nonsexual, undifferentiated, gay, lesbian, queer, invert, homosexual, polymorphous, poly, labile, berdache, hijra, and two-spirit.

As part of a lifespan extending process many people exhibit intersex or "gynandromorphous" sex characteristics, including both penises and vaginas.

Development
Terminator, a city that slowly drives around Mercury to stay out of direct line from the Sun, first appeared in Robinson's earlier novel The Memory of Whiteness, as well as appearing during a brief mention in his Mars Trilogy. Terminator is also briefly mentioned in Robinson's 2015 novel Aurora.

Reception
Critical reception for 2312 has been mixed to positive, with Strange Horizons saying that "readers must make up their own minds". Slate Magazine and the Guardian both reviewed 2312, with Slate praising the book as "brilliant" while the Guardian criticized the book's ending as "contrived". Writing for the Los Angeles Times, Jeff VanderMeer called the book a "treasured gift to fans of passionate storytelling", writing that the book's "audacity" was an asset.

The book won the 2013 Nebula Award for Best Novel, was nominated for the 2013 Hugo Award for Best Novel, was shortlisted for the 2012 BSFA Award for Best Novel and the 2013 Arthur C. Clarke Award, was honor listed for the 2012 James Tiptree, Jr. Award,. It was nominated for the 2012 Goodreads Choice Award for science fiction.

title: 2312 (novel)


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English in Use/Figures of Syntax

A figure of syntax is an intentional deviation from the ordinary construction of words. The principal figures of syntax are five; namely, el-lip'-sis, ple'-o-nasm, syl-lep'-sis, en-al'-la-ge, and hy-per'-ba-ton.

Ellipsis
Ellipsis is the omission of some word or words which are necessary to complete the construction, but not necessary to convey the meaning. Such words are said, in technical phrase, to be understood.

Of compound sentences, a vast many are more or less elliptical. Sometimes, for brevity's sake, even the most essential parts of a simple sentence, are suppressed: as,

 * "But more of this hereafter."—Harris's Hermes, p. 77.
 * This means, "But I shall say more of this hereafter."
 * "Prythee, peace."—Shak.
 * That is, "I pray you, hold you your peace."

There may be an omission of any of the parts of speech, or even of a whole clause, when this repeats what precedes. But the omission of mere articles or interjections can scarcely constitute a proper ellipsis, because these parts of speech ought to be expressed.

Of the article

 * "A man and [a] woman."
 * "The day, [the] month, and [the] year."
 * "She gave me an apple and [a] pear, for a fig and [an] orange."—Jaudon's Gram., p. 170.

Of the noun

 * "The common [law] and the statute law."
 * "The twelve [apostles]."
 * "The same [man] is he."
 * "One [book] of my books."
 * "A dozen [bottles] of wine."
 * "Conscience, I say; not your own [conscience], but [the conscience] of the other."—1 Cor., x, 29.
 * "Every moment subtracts from [our lives] what it adds to our lives."—Dillwyn's Ref., p. 8.
 * "Bad actions mostly lead to worse" [actions].—Ib., p. 5.

Of the adjective

 * "There are subjects proper for the one, and not [proper] for the other."—Kames.
 * "A just weight and [a just] balance are the Lord's."—Prov., xvi, 11.

True ellipses of the adjective alone, are but seldom met with.

Of the pronoun

 * "Leave [you] there your gift before the altar, and go [you] your way; first be [you] reconciled to your brother, and then come [you] and offer [you] your gift,"—Matt., v, 24.
 * "Love [you] your enemies, bless [you] them that curse you, do [you] good to them that hate you."—Ib., v. 44.
 * "Chastisement does not always immediately follow error, but [it] sometimes comes when [it is] least expected."— Dillwyn, Ref., p. 31.
 * "Men generally put a greater value upon the favours [which] they bestow, than upon those [which] they receive."—Art of Thinking, p. 48.
 * "Wisdom and worth were all [that] he had."—Allen's Gram., p. 294.

Of the verb

 * "The world is crucified to me, and I [am crucified] to the world."—Gal., vi, 14.
 * "Hearts should not [differ], though heads may, differ."—Dillwyn, p. 11.
 * "Are you not much better than they" [are]?—Matt., vi, 26.
 * "Tribulation works patience; and patience [works] experience; and experience [works] hope."—Romans, v, 4.
 * "Wrongs are engraved on marble; benefits [are engraved] on sand."—Art of Thinking, p. 41.
 * "To whom thus Eve, yet sinless" [spoke].—Milton.

Of the participle

 * "That [being] over, they part."
 * "Animals of various natures, some adapted to the wood, and some [adapted] to the wave."—Melmoth, on Scripture, p. 13.
 * "His knowledge [being] measured to his state and place, His time [being] a moment, and a point [being] his space."—Pope.

Of the adverb

 * "He can do this independently of me, if not [independently] of you."
 * "She shows a body rather than a life; a statue, [rather] than a breather."—Shak., Ant. and Cleo., iii, 3.

Of the conjunction

 * "But the fruit of the Spirit is love, [and] joy, [and] peace, [and] long suffering, [and] gentleness, [and] goodness, [and] faith, [and] meekness, [and] temperance."—Gal., v, 22.

The repetition of the conjunction is called polysyndeton; and the omission of it, asyndeton.

Of the preposition

 * "It shall be done [on] this very day."
 * "We shall set off [at] some time [in] next month."
 * "He departed [from] this life."
 * "He gave [to] me a book."
 * "We walked [through] a mile."
 * "He was banished [from] the kingdom."—W. Allen.
 * "He lived like [to] a prince."—Wells.

Of the interjection

 * "Oh! the frailty, [oh!] the wickedness of men."
 * "Alas for Mexico! and [alas] for many of her invaders!"

Of phrases or clauses

 * "The active commonly do more than they are bound to do; the indolent [commonly do] less" [than they are bound to do].
 * "Young men, angry, mean less than they say; old men, [angry, mean] more" [than they say].
 * "It is the duty of justice, not to injure men; [it is the duty] of modesty, not to offend them."—W. Allen.

Pleonasm
Pleonasm is the introduction of superfluous words: as,

 * "But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, you shall not eat of it."—Gen., ii, 17.

This figure is allowable only, when it abruptly introduces an emphatic word, or repeats an idea to impress it more strongly: as,

 * "He that has ears to hear, let him hear."—Bible.
 * "All you inhabitants of the world, and dwellers on the earth."—Id.
 * "There shall not be left one stone upon another that shall not be thrown down."—Id.
 * "I know you who you are."—Id.

A pleonasm is sometimes impressive and elegant; but an unemphatic repetition of the same idea, is one of the worst faults of bad writing.

Syllepsis
Syllepsis is agreement formed according to the figurative sense of a word, or the mental conception of the thing spoken of, and not according to the literal or common use of the term: as,

 * "The Word was made flesh, and dwelt amongst us, and we beheld his glory."—John, i, 14.
 * "Then Philip went down to the city of Samaria, and preached Christ unto them."—Acts, viii, 5.
 * "The city of London have expressed their sentiments with freedom and firmness."—Junius, p. 159.
 * "And I said [to backsliding Israel,] after she had done all these things, turn you to me; but she returned not: and her treacherous sister Judah saw it."—Jer., iii, 7.
 * "And he surnamed them Boanerges, which is, The sons of thunder."—Mark, iii, 17.
 * "While Evening draws her crimson curtains round."—Thomson, p. 63.
 * "The Thunder raises his tremendous voice."—Id., p. 113.

Enallage
Enallage is the use of one part of speech, or of one modification, for another. This figure borders closely on solecism. There are, however, several forms of it which can appeal to good authority: as,

 * "You know that you are Brutus, that say this."—Shak.
 * "They fall successive[ly], and successive[ly] rise."—Pope.
 * "Than whom [who] a fiend more fell is nowhere found."—Thomson.
 * "Sure some disaster has befell" [befallen].—Gay.
 * "So furious was that onset's shock, destruction's gates at once unlock" [unlocked].—Hogg.

Hyperbaton
Hyperbaton is the transposition of words: as,

 * "He wanders earth around."—Cowper.
 * "Rings the world with the vain stir."—Id.
 * "Whom therefore you ignorantly worship, him declare I to you."—Acts, xvii, 23.
 * "'Happy', says Montesquieu, 'is that nation whose annals are tiresome.'"—Corwin, in Congress, 1847.

This figure is much employed in poetry, but care should be taken lest it produce ambiguity or solecism.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: English in Use/Figures of Syntax


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Kerttu

Etymology
Medieval vernacular form of the and. Cognate to 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Proper noun

 * 1) Gretel, the girl in the fairy tale Hansel and Gretel.
 * 1) Gretel, the girl in the fairy tale Hansel and Gretel.
 * 1) Gretel, the girl in the fairy tale Hansel and Gretel.

title: Kerttu


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Blood Bath at Orc's Drift

Blood Bath at Orc's Drift is a supplement published by Citadel Miniatures in 1985 for the second edition of the fantasy wargame Warhammer.

Contents
Blood Bath at Orc's Drift is a wargame pack consisting of four scenarios that form a lead up to a major battle scenario. The contents include:
 * a scenario book
 * command sheets
 * cardstock buildings
 * cardboard counters
 * a poster map
 * a badge

Publication history
Blood Bath at Orc's Drift was designed by Gary Chalk, Joe Dever and Ian Page, with artwork by Chalk and cartography by David Andrews. Citadel Miniatures also produced a line of 25 mm miniatures to match the warriors in each scenario, and offered consumers a special deal to buy them for use with this supplement.

Chalk designed the supplement after the 1964 British movie Zulu starring Michael Caine and Stanley Baker.

Reception
Jon Sutherland reviewed Blood Bath at Orc's Drift for White Dwarf #68, giving it an overall rating of 9 out of 10, and stated that "If you like Warhammer, you'll love Blood Bath at Orcs Drift - it's not often that something like this is attempted and never has it been done so well. The years of wargaming experience behind it really show through. Unreservedly recommended, it's a must for all Warhammer addicts."

title: Blood Bath at Orc's Drift


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User:Trevor MacInnis

Welcome to Wikiversity! This is a userpage. You have one too! Its the spot where you can put anything you want; practice editing there, put personal information you wish others to know, etc... See:User page for more information. If I you just recieved a welcome message from me, I suggest two links on it (Get an Introduction to Wikiversity and Question). Happy editing!

And now for My Userpage
My Subpages

See w:User:Trevor MacInnis for my main account.

On a personal note, I registered the 109th account at this new project (I don't know why I like to know that, but I do).

To do

 * cleanup Community Portal to become an actually funtioning central area for community.
 * Figure out how to format the Colloquium.
 * Clean up categories.
 * release yEd pics

I 've uploaded a prelim diagram showing how, starting at the main page, users find or a guided towards the important pages in Wikiversity:

It's still in the working phase, but I think you will be able to look through it and see how page links and overall help can/should be better organized. The thick green line is what a brand new user should follow to get the most out of Wikiversity by first learning about wiki's and editing.

A few things to do based on the results of my inspection of the diagram:
 * 1) eliminate the need for the Guided tour. It is essentially what the Introduction is trying to do, so make sure all the links are duplicated there and then redirect the tour to the introdction.

title: User:Trevor MacInnis


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User:Jai Bheem Congress Party

The Jai Bheem Congress Party, the party founded by Dr Sanke Viswanadham, is a Political Party which accepts Scientific Socialism as its objective.

title: User:Jai Bheem Congress Party


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Talk:Task Force 6-26

Task Force 121
The NYT and WP articles assert that TF 6-26 used to be called TF 121 -- is this accurate? The article currently states that 6-26 is "similar to" 121; reading the 121 article does not illuminate the issue. Are the reporters correct or did they make an error here?

TF's 121, 145 and 626 are three different units with the same mission of hunting down HVTs. The units have rotated in and out of Iraq, Afghanistan, and back for some down time in the USA with each other. <IP_ADDRESS> 10:51, 18 October 2006 (UTC) Incorrect, I was attached to 121 when it changed TF designations to 6-26. <IP_ADDRESS> 09:57, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

NPOV
I added this concerning the motivation behind the creation of this article.--Storm63640 16:33, 3 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Can you elaborate? It's a good idea to explain what is POV about an article when you add the tag, or indicate what should be addressed in order for the tag to be removed.  "Drive-by" NPOV tagging is especially discouraged.--csloat 19:08, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Task Force 6-26


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Hols IF

Hols IF  is a sports club in Hol, Sweden, established 30 April 1944.

The women's soccer team played in the Swedish top division in 1978.

title: Hols IF


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User:Souravislam72/Books/History Of Civilization

Six history

 * Cradle of civilization
 * History of Mesopotamia
 * Ancient Egypt
 * Indus Valley Civilisation
 * Erlitou culture
 * Andean civilizations
 * Mesoamerican chronology


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Talk:Poetry/Contemporary Poetry

how does contemporary poetry differ from the traditional genre

It doesn't necessarily. It's broken down by era, rather than style. Atrivedi

Suggested poet: Sharon Olds

title: Talk:Poetry/Contemporary Poetry


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Mathias Sandorf (1921 film)

Mathias Sandorf is a 1921 French historical adventure film directed by Henri Fescourt and starring Romuald Joubé, Yvette Andréyor and Jean Toulout. It is an adaptation of the 1885 novel Mathias Sandorf by Jules Verne. A later sound version of the story Mathias Sandorf was released in 1963. The film was distributed in America by Pathe Exchange under the alternative title The Isle of Zorda.

Some scenes were shot around Nice on the French Riviera.

Cast

 * Romuald Joubé as Mathias Sandorf
 * Yvette Andréyor as Sava Toronthal
 * Jean Toulout as Silas Toronthal
 * Paul Vermoyal as Sarcany
 * Gaston Modot as Carpéna
 * Armand Tallier as Pierre Bathory
 * Armand Dutertre as Birik
 * Henri Maillard as Ferrato
 * Gabrielle Ristori as Maria Ferrato
 * Mario Nasthasio as Zirone
 * Djemil Anik as Nasmir
 * Germaine Pelisse as Mme. Toronthal
 * Adeline de La Croix as Mme. Bathory
 * Darnay as Étienne Bathory
 * Benvenuto Nardo as Pescade
 * Milo Poggi as Matifou

title: Mathias Sandorf (1921 film)


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syntetisoida

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Adapted with the verbal suffix.

Verb

 * 1)  To synthesise/synthesize.

title: syntetisoida


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Sim Sang-dae

Sim Sang-dae (born 1960) is a South Korean writer. He began his literary career when he published "Myosachong" (묘사총 A Description), "Mukhoreul aneunga" (묵호를 아는가 Do You Know Mukho), and "Suchaehwa gamsang" (수채화 감상 Looking at Watercolor Paintings), all at the same time on Korea's quarterly publication, World Literature. In the same year, he published his first collection, Mukhoreul aneunga (묵호를 아는가 Do You Know Mukho), and later published more collections such as Myeongokheon (명옥헌) and Tteollim (떨림 The Trembling). After 2006 he took a hiatus, and in 2013 he returned to the literary world with the web novel Nappeun bom (나쁜 봄 Bad Spring) published on Naver, which happens to be his first novel. He has won the 46th Hyundae Literary Award, and the 6th Kim Yujung Literary Award.

Life
Sim Sang-dae was born in 1960 Gangneung, Gangwondo. He graduated from Gangneung Jeil High School and Korea University in archaeology & art history. As a peculiar background in his career, he had changed his pen name twice. At first, he had used his real name ‘Sim Sang-dae’, but as he published his serial story Tteollim (떨림 The Trembling) in 2000, he changed his pen name to ‘Marsyas Sim’. He has said that this was to show his aspiration to ‘be bold in front of art, just like the artist in the legend who attempted to contest Apollo, the son of Zeus, in the arts’. Later, because it sounded like his name ‘Sang-dae’, he added the name ‘Sunday’, changing it again to ‘Sunday Marsyas Sim’. From the time of publishing Nappeun bom (나쁜 봄 Bad Spring), he is using his real name again.

Writing
Sim Sang-dae's most distinguished characteristic is his ability to balance aesthetic stance and narrative completion. From his three debut works, "Myosachong" (묘사총 A Description), "Mukhoreul aneunga" (묵호를 아는가 Do You Know Mukho), and "Suchaehwa gamsang" (수채화 감상 Looking at Watercolor Paintings), he is said to have "shown very different looks in terms of the actual story in each work, despite all of them showing excellent sense of language and technical skill". In his first collection that was published in 1990, Mukhoreul aneunga (묵호를 아는가 Do You Know Mukho), there are 11 stories that each has a different color. These are such as "Myosachong" (묘사총 A Description) and "Gang" (강 The River), which have strong aestheticism; "Huibokssiui Budongsan" (희복씨의 부동산 The Real Estate of Miss Huibok) and "Yagobui oechul" (야곱의 외출 Jacob's Outing), which are categorized under realism; "Mukhoreul aneunga" (묵호를 아는가 Do You Know Mukho), which has a lyrical tone; "Mondeuriangwa roseukoreul wihan guseong" (몬드리안과 로스코를 위한 구성 The Composition for Mondrian and Roscoe), which shows experimental form and composition; and "Yangpungjeon" (양풍전), which bases itself on deep exploration of the story itself. For that, critic Kang Sang-hui, who had given commentary on Sim Sang-dae's second collection Myeongokheon (명옥헌), has called Sim Sang-dae as the "storytelling aestheticist."

Sim Sang-dae's works either have different tones from one another, or there are cases where in one work there is a coexistence of elements of different tones. However, it is not that there isn't an element that permeates through all of his works. In general, he portrays a longing for life where people truly bond with each other, where people live with dignity, a world before civilization and the order of reason, where the vigorous and wild breath of life unique to humans still live and breathe. And he has continued this toward works such as the serial Tteollim (떨림 The Trembling), which deals with indulgence of wild sexuality, or Nappeun bom (나쁜 봄 Bad Spring), which discusses the problems of a collective, where everyone shares the same thought and mind.

Works

 * Nappeun bom (나쁜 봄 Bad Spring), 2014.
 * Simmiju-uija (심미주의자 The Aestheticist), 2005.
 * Baljji (발찌 The Ankle Bracelet), 2002.
 * Myeongokheon (명옥헌), 2001.
 * Tteollim (떨림 The Trembling), 2000.
 * Neukdaewaui inteobyu (늑대와의 인터뷰 The Interview With the Wolf), 1999.
 * Saranggwa insaenge gwanhan yeodeol pyeonui soseol (사랑과 인생에 관한 여덟 편의 소설 Eight Stories on Love and Life), 1998.
 * Mukhoreul aneunga (묵호를 아는가 Do You Know Mukho), 1990.

Awards

 * HMS (Hahn Moo-Sook) Literary Prize, 2016.
 * Kim Yujung Literary Award, 2012.
 * Hyundae Literary Award, 2001.

title: Sim Sang-dae


text:
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Miscellaneous/2012 July 7

= July 7 =

Gasoline prices
Is there a standard or preferred method for writing gasoline prices in the United States, specifically because of the fractional cents that are used? (I never understood that, and our article on gasoline and diesel usage and pricing does not explain it.) Anyway, I know that $3.269 is technically correct, but to many people, three digits after a decimal point in money confuses them. I have also seen it written as $3.26.9, $3.269 and $3.26 $9/10$ . Are these incorrect? Or is it just a matter of style and taste? (And out of curiosity, do other countries use fractional secondary currency units in a similar manner?)  → Michael J Ⓣ Ⓒ Ⓜ 00:54, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

 * In the UK, fuel prices are, for example, 1.82 (UK pounds!) per litre(!) - I have never seen a smaller fraction of price specified. --Demiurge1000 (talk) 01:00, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't know what part of the UK Demiurge1000 lives in, but here in England (between us, Alan & I probably cover most of it) I've never seen tenths of a penny not advertised in recent years (though I can remember when petrol was pre-decimal 3/6 per gallon [17½ pence])   D b f i r s   08:26, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Hmmm... the usual British notation would be "181.9p per litre" (p = pence).    I have no idea why they do that - it's really annoying. Actually, current UK fuel prices are around 132p for unleaded petrol (gasoline) and 137p for diesel fuel.. GBP 1.32 per litre equals GBP 5.00 per US gallon (or USD 7.77) by my calculation. Alansplodge (talk) 01:14, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * My nearest Asda's petrol station (Hampshire, England) has for some time been advertising prices along the lines of 132.7p/litre – works out to about 8p or 0.6 mile's worth saved on a full tank, so I don't think it's worth going out of your way to fill up there, but it may enable them to top any survey of cheapest local prices. {The poster formerly known as <IP_ADDRESS>} — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:18, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * That would be like writing 326.9¢ in the U.S. Very strange.  → Michael J Ⓣ Ⓒ Ⓜ 02:04, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * This is exactly how we do it in Canada. Mingmingla (talk) 02:26, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Google image [gasoline price signs] and you will see the most common usages in America. One is a little 9 superscript, the other is a little 9 over a little 10. ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 02:18, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

The mill is the smallest unit of US currency. μηδείς (talk) 02:20, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Contrary to what Mingmingla says above, I've never seen a gas price sign in Canada written with a ¢ sign. My local station writes 124.9, which is to be read as $1.249 per litre. In older stations, that never expected the price to go into 5 spaces, it sometimes reads "24.9" from which you are expected to assume that the $1 at the front is missing. (Actually, I shouldn't say I have never seen a ¢ sign, because I can remember when gas was less than a dollar a gallon -and also less than a dollar a litre- at the pumps.) Bielle (talk) 02:58, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Well to be fair Mingmingla isn't wrong - The ¢ isn't explicitly written on the sign but it's implied. 124.9 IS 124.9 cent, but we just automatically convert (both in our heads and at the actual pump) that into $1.249 per litre. Example image in this article. Royor (talk) 04:15, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * That is what I meant. There is no ¢, but it is implied.  I won't speak to how it's "meant" to be read, though, since it is measured in cents, not dollars.  When they say 137.9 (as it was this morning on my way to work), they say it in cents.  Mingmingla (talk) 17:49, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * These are good as signs, but how is it done in print?  → Michael J Ⓣ Ⓒ Ⓜ 15:28, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * This article has a photo with the standard station format, but the article does it in dollars: Gas Prices — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mingmingla (talk • contribs) 17:52, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * It's not just gas/diesel but all fuel prices. I have a bunch of fuel prices that include AVGAS and Jet A and they are the same. Heating fuel is even more exact as it's $1.1595 a L and not all of them end in a 9. CambridgeBayWeather (talk) 17:08, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

 * It seems that by convention, any seller can price his product however he wants providing that it is sold in the local approved units (gallons/litres/kilograms/etc.). A point about petrochemical fuel is that it is bought in bulk by weight (or units of mass for the pedantic). The reason being: It has a high coefficient of thermal expansion. Therefore, if one is buying a 10,000 gallon consignment, one could be many gallons down according to the temperature. So... When John Doe converts his fuel by weight  price, into fuel by volume-pump-price it is almost impossible to achieve a perfect fraction. Added to that is that, the tax man wants to see records of  exactly what has been sold vis. that has be lost through evaporation (some gas stations now have equipment to recover this evaporate). Therefore, I say blame the tax man for these fractions.  --Aspro (talk) 18:02, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

 * This seems far-fetched to me. If the fractions were caused by tax, the thousandths digit would vary, not be constantly 9. It seems to me much more likely that this is a parallel with goods being priced at £n.99: it looks slightly cheaper than it is. Marnanel (talk) 19:34, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Disagree: The 9  results from rounding up the last significant figure To the point that it does not effect the second to last  significant figure.  The £n.99 is not rounding down. If you look at the wholesale price plus retailers profit margin the actual goods would often be priced at several pence less than  £n.99. It is a lure to get customers into the shop who will then go onto buy other items that are a few pence more than can be bought in the retail outlet next-door. Take a little note book around and check the prices. Is £n.99 really cheaper than £n.42 ? Those half pounds quickly add up. Hope your wife does the shopping in your house :¬)--Aspro (talk) 21:24, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Lost me there. Where does £n.42 enter into it? Alansplodge (talk) 00:51, 8 July 2012 (UTC)
 * In other words, lots of things offered at 99c in the 99c Store are available for less than half that elsewhere. Although the 99c Store on 221st between Broadway and Vermilyea offers canned corned beef at 99c which I have seen regularly go for $4.98 elsewhere. Great deals on sardines and other canned meats as well. μηδείς (talk) 20:40, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

corbett natoinal park
i want preservatoin methods of jim corbett natoinal park — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pragyamohan (talk • contribs) 07:27, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

 * The Jim Corbett National Park has its own website which has a section about the management and conservation work which you can see here. Richard Avery (talk) 07:53, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

Universities whose entrance exams may only be taken once
So the entrance exam of the University of the Philippines can apparently only be taken once, which means if you fail, you will not be allowed to take it again. To my knowledge, it is the only university in the Philippines or possibly even Asia to have such a policy – the entrance exams of the University of Santo Tomas, Ateneo de Manila University, De La Salle University etc. can be taken multiple times if you fail. Even Tokyo University's notoriously difficult entrance exam can at least be re-taken multiple times (this can be seen in the manga Love Hina). Aside from UP, which other universities around the world have such a policy? And if so, what are the possible reasons as to why they have such a policy? Narutolovehinata5 tccsdnew 14:52, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Ivy league colleges almost work this way: either you enter freshly out of high-school or you do not enter at all in their bachelor programs. OsmanRF34 (talk) 19:07, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Really? http://www.admissions.college.harvard.edu/apply/transfer/index.html http://admissions.yale.edu/eli-whitney Nricardo (talk) 02:08, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, it's really like that: note that I said almost and the articles that you linked to confirm what I said: Harvard: "The Committee admits a small number of transfer students who present a clearly defined academic need for transfer." Yale: "Admission to the EWSP is highly competitive, and there are only 20 to 30 Whitney students among the 5,200 Yale undergraduates." Most people entering the bachelor program enter directly from high school. You just get one chance and not through an exam. OsmanRF34 (talk) 11:25, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Perhaps it would be helpful to establish which universities actually have entrance exams since many do not relying generally on secondary school qualifications or similar. Nil Einne (talk) 19:48, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Debate
Besides God's existence, is there any other topic that has arguments thats as big? sorry for wrong grammar. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:04, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

 * To my mind: It is the question that asks is there  intelligent life to be found on Earth.--Aspro (talk) 21:28, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

 * What do women want? Is there life after marriage?  Is the Pope a Catholic?  Why is there only one Monopoly Commission?    --  ♬  Jack of Oz  ♬  [your turn]  21:58, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Monopoly Commission? What rock have you been hiding under these last n years (for n put in what ever number you feel you can admit to). That went long ago. The answer to the first question is obvious if one has ever come into a lot of money due to an inheritance and then noticed the sudden (and suffocatingly uncomfortable) interest  taken in oneself  (joking of course - honestly). Discovering the answer to the second question can be mitigated  by insisting on a v-e-r-y  l-o-n-g engagement. It is a win-win situation -as it  works both ways. After all, the longer you put it off, the richer you'll be by the time you marry her. --Aspro (talk) 23:15, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Her? -- ♬  Jack of Oz  ♬  [your turn]  07:34, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Is abortion acceptable? Are using contraceptives abortion? Is divorce acceptable? Do aliens exist? Is communism good or bad? Narutolovehinata5 tccsdnew 22:28, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Seconded on communism, as it's very much a debate of ideology.--WaltCip (talk) 23:18, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * 'Communism is simply the exploitation of man by man; whilst Capitalism is the exact opposite.' No debate no argument!--Aspro (talk) 23:34, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
 * There's always the Ultimate Question. - Ka renjc 00:38, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

The above are all rather easy questions. The two that puzzle me are, Why is gravitic mass the same as inertial mass? and, What is the underlying nature of qualia? μηδείς (talk) 01:24, 8 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Those are good. How about the correct characterization of the greatest good for the greatest number and the extent to which such a pseudo-utopia can be achieved through communication? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:19, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

What is the air speed velocity of an unladen swallow? Adam Bishop (talk) 07:08, 8 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Forty-two, of course! Dominus Vobisdu (talk) 17:35, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

Mac vs. PC [/late to the party] — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:17, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

The Big One: Is there life after death? DOR (HK) (talk) 08:07, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Will the Chicago Cubs ever be in a World Series again? ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 15:07, 10 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Aria, Ciaccona & Vivace

Aria, Ciaccona & Vivace is a 2019 composition by Krzysztof Penderecki, which was compiled and adapted for piano by Venezuelan-German composer Sef Albertz. This work represents the only solo piano music in the catalog of the renowned Polish composer. It was one of the last works of Penderecki, composed before his death, just over a year after its premiere in March 2019.

Composition and premiere
Aria, Ciaccona & Vivace takes approximately 15 minutes to perform. The single pieces were originally written for orchestra and in the piano version they are placed in a new dramaturgical context.

 * Aria is originally part of Three pieces in old style
 * Ciaccona is originally part of Polish Requiem
 * Vivace is originally part of Sinfonietta N° 1

German pianist Anna-Maria Maak gave the world premiere performance on March 22, 2019, during the ‘Town Hall Concert Serie’ (Rathauskonzerte) in Torgau (Germany). It represented the last world premiere in the lifetime of the renowned composer.

Reception
On March 26, 2019, Georg Frackowiak, music critic of the newspaper Torgauer Zeitung wrote about the premiere of the work: "Composition, arrangement and performance were equally convincing, with the pianistic ability of the interpreter arousing total admiration...".

About the new composition, Maak said: "It’s a wonderful piano music, pianistically adapted in a very appropriate way. Making Penderecki's exciting musical language accessible to pianists is a real asset!".

Discography
Pianist Anna-Maria Maak has also performed the world premiere recording of Aria, Ciaccona & Vivace, which can be found on her 2021 Album  'In the Secret of the World' alongside world premieres of original compositions by Sef Albertz.

title: Aria, Ciaccona & Vivace


text:
User:AProGeek/Draft:COVID-19 Antitoxin

COVID-19 Antitoxin
Similar to COVID-19 vaccine but, a Vaccination mainly identifies a Virus or Bacteria by associating it with an Antibody; although it is not an Antitoxin it has the same or, an even stronger effect though a lot more organism-specific, Triple helix binds to a specific section of Genetic material and prevents the Translation (biology), therefore causing that section of the Protein (having not been translated to protein) making the resulting protein to be unable to function.

title: User:AProGeek/Draft:COVID-19 Antitoxin


text:
Software testing/Meeting place

tutors
The tutors organize the course and help also on non-professional questions.
 * Erkan Yilmaz : please always use email: This course shall introduce interested people into the topic testing. The goal is, that at the end of this course the participant might apply testing to anything (and not only to software).
 * Exxu (German course): Testing saves in the end a lot of time and money. I want to show, that testing is a very creative task and that the search of problems can make fun.
 * ManWing2 (German course)

Yes, I want to participate
If you want to learn with others, please subscribe here.
 * Here you can find the German study group.
 * you ?

questions
any questions?Is there a study group of science

title: Software testing/Meeting place


text:
User:Exmachina

Profile
Age: 26

Gender: Male

Geography: Ladysmith, British Columbia, Canada

Interests & Hobbies: Research Subjects, Books, Films, Music, Guitar. (I'm a beginner)

Contributions & Ideas
Orientation

Topic:Creative Writing

Topic:Physical Fitness

Topic:Cardiovascular Fitness

The Writing Center

Enrolled in
Basic Blues & Rock

title: User:Exmachina


text:
2001 in Greece

Events in the year 2001 in Greece.

January

 * 1 January - Greece adopted the Euro Currency eventually becoming officially the 12 European country to specifically join the European Union (EU) Eurozone member area country, replacing the Greek drachma in the digital transactions.

title: 2001 in Greece


text:
Filmmaking

Note: These courses are only for dramatic motion pictures (movies with a script and dialog). These courses are not for documentaries, event video, corporate video, educational programs, or multimedia. {| cellpadding="15" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 55%; background-color: Honeydew; border: 1px solid Gray; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 60px;" colspan="1" |

Anyone can learn to be a filmmaker

 * Filmmaking is easy
 * Filmmaking is not rocket science. Everything about filmmaking is extremely easy to learn.  Anyone can do it if they wish.

 * The challenge of learning filmmaking
 * The challenge is filmmaking requires learning a huge number of skills. Each skill is easy to learn but the number of things you must learn is huge.

 * If you want to be an independent filmmaker, you must learn the equivalent of 20 different careers. Even if you are a fast learner, it can take you years to learn everything.

 * Telling a story
 * In a dramatic motion picture, the story is told by many people. The cinematographer tells the story with the camera.  The lighting person tells the story with lighting.   The film composer tells the story with music.  The actors tell the story with action and dialog.  The editor tells the story with editing.  The sound designer tells the story with sound.

 * You have to learn all of this
 * And as an independent filmmaker, you must learn all of these skills.

 * If you fail to learn even one of these skills, people will notice and be turned off by your movie. You must learn everything!!!!

 * style="width: 50%; background-color: #eef; border: 1px solid #777777; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" colspan="1"; rowspan="3"|

Film School Preparatory

 * Wikiversity Film School is a preparatory school for budding filmmakers who plan to go to film school or take classes in motion picture production.

 * Each year, USC Film School receives 800 applicants to fill just 50 undergraduate positions.

 * We teach you the things that film schools expect you to know before you get to film school so that you can have a base to work from when you first start film-school.

Learning filmmaking software

 * Intel processor
 * First, you need to do is learn about the computer software for filmmaking. See below for a list of the software you will need.  Most is free!

 * Designed for the Macintosh
 * The Film Scoring course is designed for Apple's GarageBand with Jam Pack : Symphony Orchestra

 * The Film Editing course is designed for Apple's Final Cut Pro or Adobe Premiere.

 * Linux
 * Where possible, free Linux software is listed.
 * However, there is still no standard movie file format for Linux and nothing which matches the quality and usefulness of Apple's GarageBand for film scoring.
 * Therefore, Linux is currently not a good choice for filmmakers.

 * style="width: 50%; background-color: #fee; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" colspan="1"|
 * style="width: 50%; background-color: #fee; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" colspan="1"|

What do we do?

 * Make a tiny movie
 * In the filmmaking class, we create a short motion picture. It is less than a minute long so it is very simple.

 * But before you complete the animatic for the movie, you will also need to learn film editing and film scoring.

 * style="width: 50%; background-color: #ffa; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" colspan="1"|
 * style="width: 50%; background-color: #ffa; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" colspan="1"|

Where to start?

 * Filmmaking, editing, and scoring
 * Budding filmmakers should start with the basic filmmaking course. For the first lesson, you will format a very short motion picture script.  After that, take the pop quiz where you tell me how you would begin to film this scene.

 * If you want to be a film composer (but you are not a musician), screen writer, or a film editor, you can go directly to the courses in film editing or film scoring or the script writing exercise.

 * If you are a musician who wants to be a film composer, click here.

 * }

Note: These courses are designed for the Macintosh computer.

{| cellpadding="15" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 50%; background-color: #eef; border: 1px solid #777777; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 60px;" colspan="1" |

Cost

 * Lessons
 * These filmmaking courses are free. The only requirement is you submit your homework assignments so others can benefit. (see right)

 * Software
 * I always try to select programs which are free.

 * style="width: 50%; background-color: Honeydew; border: 1px solid #777777; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" colspan="1"; rowspan="2"|

Sharing your work

 * Your homework assignments
 * Your completed assignments must be submitted under the Free Documentation License or as Public Domain.

 * This allows what you have learned to be shared by others.

 * }

Free Software used at Wikiversity Film School

{| cellpadding="15" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 100%; background-color: LemonChiffon; border: 2px solid Blue; vertical-align: bottom; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |

Free Filmmaking Software at Wikiversity Film School

 * There is some of free software used at Wikiversity Film School. Sometimes, this software is demo versions or simplified versions of software but this is good enough to complete these lessons.  Using free software, you can learn a tremendous amount about filmmaking.

 * style="width: 100%; background-color: #ffe; border: 2px solid Blue; vertical-align: bottom; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |
 * style="width: 100%; background-color: #ffe; border: 2px solid Blue; vertical-align: bottom; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |

FrameForge 3D Studio Free Demo Version
 * Basic filmmaking (pre-production)
 * The heart of the Wikiversity Film School's basic filmmaking course (pre-production) is FrameForge 3D Studio 2 Demo Version. This is the most educational program used at Wikiversity Film School.  And the demo version is free for both the Macintosh and Windows operating system.

 * This program simulates the motion picture camera, the movie set, and the actors. The program is useful for experimenting with the different lenses on your motion picture camera.  And the final output of FrameForge 3D Studio 2 Demo Version is completely frame accurate (including depth of field effects) ready to give your cinematographer for creating all the shots of your movie.

 * The free demo version is limited to 20 uses. Other limitations apply.  However, this is more than enough to complete your assignments at Wikiversity Film School.  Download this free program today and begin learning how to use it.

Apple's GarageBand
 * Film Scoring
 * All film scoring lessons at Wikiversity Film School can be done using Apple's GarageBand which is free with each new Macintosh PC.
 * In addition to a midi program like GarageBand, you will also need a good selection of musical instruments for the symphony orchestra. Some musical software instruments of the symphony orchestra for GarageBand are free (such as the packages from Boldt) and some are not.  I recommend Apple's Jam Pack:Symphony Orchestra.  I have not tried Apple's new Jam Pack for voices which should also be useful.

 * Filmmakers should NOT use Apple's Logic 7 which is poorly designed and exceedingly awkward. I have not tried version 8 yet.

 * I do not know what to recommend for Windows.

Film Dailies

 * Animation
 * Starting in 2009, Wikiversity Film School will have a simple course in 3D animation. This will use the free programs of DAZ Studio and Bryce 5.5.

 * If you have Poser and Vue, you can use those programs but they are not free.

 * DAZ Studio and Bryce take time to learn so if you are interested in working with 3D, you should download these free programs and begin to learn them.

 * Other useful programs
 * ArtRage 2.5 Starter Edition is a free paint program used for matte painting and creating the movie poster. This is a simple and fun artistic painting program.  Feels very natural. Extremely useful.  If you need any kind of digital painting with traditional artist materials, this is your first choice.  This is the free version which is fully working but more limited than the full version which is also remarkably inexpensive.

 * GIMP is a free paint program comparable to Adobe Photoshop. Surprisingly mature program but definitely not as easy to use as Photoshop.  Requires X-11.  If you do not have Adobe Photoshop 4 or later, this program is absolutely necessary for some of the classes at Wikiversity Film School.

 * Audacity is a free useful utility for working with audio and converting audio to OGG files. It is a bit awkward but it is free.

 * Tux Paint is a free fun paint program for kids. It has the added advantage of using rubber stamps and creating matte paintings easily. Has the unique feature of doing rough storyboards with special storyboard artwork.  Also useful for one of the lessons about learning matte painting at Wikiversity Film School for kids.

 * }

{| cellpadding="25" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 50%; background-color: #fed; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: bottom; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="2" |

Where to begin?

 * If you want to become a filmmaker, start with the Basic Filmmaking Course. [[Image:Mplayer.svg|32px]]

 * Later, when you are ready, you should also take the Film Editing Course. [[Image:Crystal Clear mimetype video.png|32px]]

 * The most important course of all is film scoring. You will need the  Film Scoring Course to complete the other two courses.  [[Image:Crystal Clear app knotify.png|32px]]

 * }

title: Filmmaking


text:
Bob Huff

Robert S. Huff (born September 9, 1953) is an American businessman and politician who was the California State Senate minority leader and Senate Republican leader from January 5, 2012, until August 27, 2015. He represented the Senate's 29th District, which includes portions of Los Angeles, Orange, and San Bernardino counties.

Early life
Born on September 9, 1953, in Calexico, California, Huff grew up on his family's farm near El Centro. He has a bachelor's degree in psychology from Westmont College, and his business background is in grain handling and commodity wholesaling.

Diamond Bar
Huff served on the Diamond Bar City Council, and was Mayor of the city in 1997 and 2001. He was also involved in local transportation issues, serving on the Four Corners Transportation Policy Group, Foothill Transit, and the Alameda Corridor East Construction Authority.

State Assembly
Huff was elected to the California State Assembly in 2004, defeating Gail Pacheco, the wife of term-limited Bob Pacheco. The election was considered an upset. Reelected in 2006, he was a member of the California State Assembly until 2008.

State Senate
Huff was elected to the California State Senate for the 29th district in 2008, succeeding the term-limited Bob Margett. In 2012, he was elected by the Republican Caucus to succeed the term-limited Bob Dutton as Senate Republican Leader. After the 2012 California State Senate elections, Huff was re-elected Senate Republican Leader. Term limits prevented him from running for re-election in 2016.

Huff was a member of the Senate Education Committee and authored legislation affecting K-12 education. He is an advocate of charter schools, school choice, and standardized testing. He supported SB 161, which allows trained volunteers to administer emergency medication to students with epilepsy who suffer a seizure at school. Huff introduced Senate Bill 1295, a measure to approve the placement of commercial advertisements on the exterior of school-buses. This bill was rejected by the Senate Education Committee but was given an option to be re-introduced at a later time. He introduced Senate Bill 1116 with Leland Yee (D-San Francisco), which defined and regulated "heritage schools", private after-school programs that teach foreign language and culture and required them to register with the California Department of Education instead of being licensed as child day care centers by the California Department of Social Services (DSS) Huff opposed a plan that would have replaced the current testing system with new tests based on the Common Core learning goals. Because test scores would be unavailable during the new test's two-year trial period, the U.S. Department of Education threatened to impose financial penalties on the state. The alternative supported by Huff was to require the use of both the old and the new test during that period. The state Senate approved the bill.

Huff cast a deciding vote in 2009 on a Senate rule waiver that allowed a measure on environmental exemptions favorable to one of Huff's donors, Majestic Realty. This vote led to criticism, as Majestic was also a client of his wife's consulting business. In 2011, Huff opposed Governor Jerry Brown’s plan to abolish California's redevelopment agencies.

In a state government that as of 2012 is controlled by Democrats with super majorities in both houses, Huff has a reputation as a moderate Republican. The Los Angeles Times opined that "Senate Republican leader Bob Huff of Diamond Bar was more pragmatic, given his party's weakened political position in Sacramento. Brown 'is the most conservative of the three leading Democrats in Sacramento,' Huff said." Huff has worked with Brown on issues such as California's prison crisis.

Committee memberships
Huff served on the Senate Education Committee and was the Vice Chair of the Senate Budget Committee. He also served as a member of the Joint Committee on Senate Rules, the Select Committees of Asian Pacific Islander Affairs, California Job Creation and Retention, California's Horse Racing Industry, Earthquake and Disaster Preparedness, Response and Recovery and High-Speed Rail committees.

Huff's sub-committee assignments included: Education: Sustainable School Facilities and Education: Policy Research.

2016 Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors elections
In 2016 Huff ran for the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors to represent the fifth district. In the election held June 7, Huff finished in third place in a field of 8 candidates, and did not make the runoff.

2018 congressional election
In 2018 Huff ran for the United States House of Representatives to represent California's 39th congressional district. In the election held June 5, Huff finished in sixth place in a field of 17 candidates, and did not make the runoff.

Positions and affiliations
On education, Huff received an 83% rating from the California State University system in 2011. He received an 11% rating in 2012 from the California School Employees Association. On business and labor issues, in 2012 he was rated 100% by the California Chamber of Commerce and 12% by the California Labor Federation, AFL-CIO. He received a 100% rating from the California Pro-Life Council in 2012 and a 20% rating from Planned Parenthood Affiliates of California in 2013. He received a 92% rating from the National Rifle Association of America in 2012.

In addition, he has received the following ratings:

In 2012, Huff raised $1,169,601 in campaign contributions. His largest donors came from the insurance, health professionals, and real estate sectors. The California Association of Realtors, the California Chamber of Commerce, the California Medical Association, the California Building Industry Association, and the California Dental Association were his largest contributors.

Recognition
Huff was recognized as 2011 Legislator of the Year by the League of California Cities for "efforts to protect local redevelopment agencies". He was also recognized by the American Council of Engineering Companies, California, and as the 2011 Job Champion by the Anaheim Chamber of Commerce. The California Epilepsy Foundation named three fellowships in honor of Huff at UCLA, USC and Children's Hospital Los Angeles for his work on behalf of students with epilepsy. He was awarded the 2005 Local Distinguished Service Award in Transportation from the American Public Transit Association and the Outstanding Community Leader of 2005 by the Old Baldy Council of the Boy Scouts of America.

Personal life
Huff and his wife, Mei Mei, reside in Diamond Bar, California. They have four children and six grandchildren.

title: Bob Huff


text:
Robotics/Computer Control/The Interface/Microcontrollers

Microcontrollers are the core of many robots. They have considerable processing power packed on to one chip, allowing lots of freedom for programmers. Microcontrollers are low level devices and it is common to program them using an assembly language, this provides a great deal of control over the hardware connected to the controller. Many manufacturers also provide high-level language compilers for their chips, including BASIC and C.

What's the difference between a microcontroller, microprocessor, and a CPU ? The CPU is the part which actually executes the instructions (add, subtract, shift, fetch, etc.).

A microprocessor is any CPU on a single chip.

A microcontroller is a kind of microprocessor, because it includes a CPU, but it typically also contains all of the following components on the same single chip:
 * (discrete) inputs
 * (discrete) outputs
 * ROM for the program
 * RAM for temporary data
 * EEPROM for non-volatile data
 * counter/timer
 * clock

Some microcontrollers even include on board Analog-to-Digital converters (ADCs). This allows analog sensors to be directly connected to the microcontroller.

With this capability, microcontrollers are quite convenient pieces of silicon.

The outputs of a microcontroller can be used to drive many things, common examples include LEDs and transistors. The outputs on a microcontroller are generally low power. Transistors are used to switch higher power devices (such as motors) on and off.

All CPUs are useless without software.

Most software for a PC is stored on the hard drive. But when you first turn one on, it starts executing the software in the boot ROM. If you wanted to change that software, you would have to pull out the ROM chip, program a new ROM chip (in a "chip programmer"), and then plug the new chip into the PC.

Most robots don't have a hard drive -- all their software is stored in ROM. So changing that software is exactly like changing the boot code of a PC. (If your robot has an external ROM chip, then that is the one that is pulled and replaced. If your robot uses a microcontroller with internal ROM, then the microcontroller is pulled and replaced).

Many recent PC motherboards and microcontrollers use Flash instead of ROM. That allows people to change the program without pulling out or putting in any chips. They can be rewritten with new data, like a memory chip, but permanently, and only a certain number of times (10,000 to 100,000 erase/write cycles).

Here are a few pages about specific µcontrollers:
 * 8051
 * Atmel AVR
 * Microchip PIC
 * Embedded Systems/ARM Microprocessors


text:
serrato

Adjective

 * 1) closed or shut tightly
 * 2) fast, quick, rapid
 * 3) clenched
 * 4)  concise
 * 5) persuasive, cogent
 * 6)  of a horse that lacks perpendicularity and has a front limb bent inwards
 * 1)  of a horse that lacks perpendicularity and has a front limb bent inwards
 * 1)  of a horse that lacks perpendicularity and has a front limb bent inwards

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  serratus

title: serrato


text:
2019 Kremlin Cup

The 2019 Kremlin Cup (also known as the 2019 VTB Kremlin Cup for sponsorship reasons) was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 30th edition of the Kremlin Cup for the men and the 24th edition for the women. The tournament was part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the 2019 ATP Tour, and of the Premier Series of the 2019 WTA Tour. It took place at the Ice Palace Krylatskoye in Moscow, Russia, from 14 October through 20 October 2019.

Prize money

 * per team

Seeds

 * Rankings are as of October 7, 2019

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
 * 🇷🇺 Alen Avidzba
 * 🇷🇺 Evgeny Donskoy
 * 🇷🇺 Alibek Kachmazov

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
 * 🇷🇺 Artem Dubrivnyy
 * 🇧🇦 Damir Džumhur
 * 🇧🇾 Egor Gerasimov
 * 🇨🇿 Lukáš Rosol

The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
 * 🇷🇸 Nikola Milojević

Withdrawals

 * Before the tournament
 * 🇷🇺 Daniil Medvedev

Seeds

 * 1 Rankings are as of October 7, 2019

Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
 * 🇷🇺 Savriyan Danilov / 🇷🇺 Roman Safiullin
 * 🇷🇺 Evgeny Donskoy / 🇷🇺 Andrey Rublev

Seeds

 * Rankings are as of October 7, 2019

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
 * Belinda Bencic
 * 🇷🇺 Anna Kalinskaya

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
 * 🇸🇰 Jana Čepelová
 * 🇧🇪 Kirsten Flipkens
 * 🇷🇺 Varvara Gracheva
 * 🇪🇪 Kaia Kanepi

Withdrawals

 * Before the tournament
 * Simona Halep → replaced by 🇹🇳 Ons Jabeur
 * 🇬🇧 Johanna Konta → replaced by 🇷🇺 Svetlana Kuznetsova
 * 🇪🇪 Anett Kontaveit → replaced by 🇷🇺 Anastasia Potapova
 * 🇨🇿 Petra Kvitová → replaced by Polona Hercog
 * 🇪🇸 Garbiñe Muguruza → replaced by 🇫🇷 Kristina Mladenovic
 * 🇨🇿 Markéta Vondroušová → replaced by 🇷🇺 Veronika Kudermetova

Seeds

 * 1 Rankings are as of October 7, 2019

Other entrants
The following pair received a wildcard into the doubles main draw:
 * 🇷🇺 Alina Charaeva / 🇷🇺 Sofya Lansere

Men's singles

 * 🇷🇺 Andrey Rublev def 🇫🇷 Adrian Mannarino, 6–4, 6–0

Women's singles

 * Belinda Bencic def. 🇷🇺 Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova, 3–6, 6–1, 6–1

Men's doubles

 * 🇧🇷 Marcelo Demoliner / Matwé Middelkoop def. 🇮🇹 Simone Bolelli / 🇦🇷 Andrés Molteni, 6–1, 6–2

Women's doubles

 * 🇯🇵 Shuko Aoyama / 🇯🇵 Ena Shibahara def. 🇧🇪 Kirsten Flipkens / 🇺🇸 Bethanie Mattek-Sands, 6–2, 6–1

title: 2019 Kremlin Cup


text:
Talk:Diana Weavers

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title: Talk:Diana Weavers