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Channel 32 virtual TV stations in the United States

The following television stations operate on virtual channel 32 in the United States:

 * K15IX-D in Rainier, Oregon
 * K16MU-D in Scipio, Utah
 * K18DR-D in Cortez, etc., Colorado
 * K18MW-D in Leamington, Utah
 * K18NQ-D in Rhinelander, Wisconsin
 * K21KE-D in Canyonville, Oregon
 * K31GN-D in La Grande, Oregon
 * K31HK-D in Rainier, Oregon
 * K31ON-D in Fillmore, etc., Utah
 * K32EB-D in Alexandria, Minnesota
 * K32EM-D in Morongo Valley, California
 * K32FW-D in Pierre, South Dakota
 * K32GB-D in Agana, Guam
 * K32JQ-D in Manhattan, Kansas
 * K32JT-D in Farmington, New Mexico
 * K32JU-D in Tampico, etc., Montana
 * K32JW-D in Fillmore, etc., Utah
 * K32KT-D in Wichita Falls, Texas
 * K32KY-D in Pasco, Washington
 * K32LO-D in Prescott, Arizona
 * K32OG-D in Pueblo, Colorado
 * K34QY-D in Golden Valley, Arizona
 * KAZQ in Albuquerque, New Mexico
 * KBFD-DT in Honolulu, Hawaii
 * KBIN-TV in Council Bluffs, Iowa
 * KDYS-LD in Spokane, Washington
 * KEHO-LD in Houston, Texas
 * KFAW-LD in Midland, Texas
 * KFKK-LD in Stockton, California
 * KGCH-LD in Lake Charles, Louisiana
 * KJOI-LD in Bakersfield, California
 * KJTV-CD in Wolfforth, Texas
 * KMTP-TV in San Francisco, California
 * KMYN-LD in Duluth, Minnesota
 * KQKC-LD in Topeka, Kansas
 * KRCW-TV in Salem, Oregon
 * KRIN in Waterloo, Iowa
 * KRMS-LD in Lake Ozark, Missouri
 * KSBT-LD in Santa Barbara, California
 * KSTV-LD in Sacramento, California
 * KTAB-TV in Abilene, Texas
 * KTFV-CD in McAllen, Texas
 * KUTH-DT in Provo, Utah
 * KWSM-LD in Santa Maria, California
 * KXKW-LD in Lafayette, Louisiana
 * KYPK-LD in Yakima, Washington
 * W17EA-D in Arroyo, Puerto Rico
 * W18FC-D in Florence, South Carolina
 * W19EM-D in Melbourne, Florida
 * W24EX-D in Florence, South Carolina
 * W32DH-D in Erie, Pennsylvania
 * W33EG-D in Lumberton, Mississippi
 * W32EI-D in Port Jervis, New York
 * W32EQ-D in Tuscaloosa, Alabama
 * W32EW-D in Roanoke, Virginia
 * W32FK-D in Valdosta, Georgia
 * W32FN-D in Macon, Georgia
 * W32FS-D in Bangor, Maine
 * W32FY-D in Clarksburg, West Virginia
 * W35ED-D in Florence, South Carolina
 * WACY-TV in Appleton, Wisconsin
 * WANN-CD in Atlanta, Georgia
 * WCSN-LD in Columbus, Ohio
 * WDOX-LD in Palm Beach, Florida
 * WELU in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico
 * WFLD in Chicago, Illinois
 * WFQX-TV in Cadillac, Michigan
 * WGDV-LD in Salisbury, Maryland
 * WGTA in Toccoa, Georgia
 * WHDN-CD in Naples, Florida
 * WHDS-LD in Savannah, Georgia
 * WHUT-TV in Washington, D.C.
 * WLAE-TV in New Orleans, Louisiana
 * WLKY in Louisville, Kentucky
 * WMBF-TV in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
 * WMOR-TV in Lakeland, Florida
 * WNCF in Montgomery, Alabama
 * WNDR-LD in Auburn, New York
 * WRAP-LD in Cleveland, Ohio
 * WRNT-LD in Hartford, Connecticut
 * WWHL-LD in Nashville, Tennessee
 * WXNY-LD in New York, New York

The following station, which is no longer licensed, formerly operated on virtual channel 32:
 * K04RA-D in Clarksville, Arkansas
 * K32DR-D in Granite Falls, Minnesota
 * K32EL-D in Shoshoni, Wyoming
 * K32JE-D in Quincy, Washington
 * K32JG-D in Rapid City, South Dakota
 * K32JJ-D in Rolla, Missouri
 * K32JK-D in Boise, Idaho
 * K32JM-D in Twin Falls, Idaho
 * KCLG-LD in Neosho, Missouri
 * KRCW-LP in Portland, Oregon
 * KYWF-LD in Wichita Falls, Texas
 * W32DU-D in La Grange, Georgia
 * WNAL-LD in Scottsboro, Alabama
 * WNYX-LD in New York, New York
 * WUEA-LD in Lafayette, Indiana


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Monsanto legal cases

Monsanto was involved in several high-profile lawsuits, as both plaintiff and defendant. It had been defendant in a number of lawsuits over health and environmental issues related to its products. Monsanto also made frequent use of the courts to defend its patents, particularly in the area of agricultural biotechnology. Bayer acquired Monsanto in 2018, and the company has since been involved in litigation related to ex-Monsanto products such as glyphosate, PCBs and dicamba. In 2020 it paid over $10 billion to settle lawsuits involving the glyphosate based herbicide Roundup.

Patent litigation
Monsanto was one of the first companies to apply the biotechnology industry business model to agriculture, using techniques developed by Genentech and other biotech drug companies in the late 1970s in California. In this business model, companies invest heavily in research and development, and recoup the expenses through the use and enforcement of biological patents.

As plaintiff
In 1969, Monsanto sued Rohm and Haas for infringement of Monsanto's patent for the herbicide propanil. In Monsanto Co. v. Rohm and Haas Co., the Third Circuit Court of Appeals ruled against Monsanto on the basis that the company had fraudulently procured the patent it sought to enforce.

Since the mid‑1990s, Monsanto indicates that it has filed suit against 145 individual U.S. farmers for patent infringement and/or breach of contract in connection with its genetically engineered seed but has proceeded through trial against only eleven farmers, all of which it won. The Center for Food Safety has listed 90 lawsuits through 2004 by Monsanto against farmers for claims of seed patent violations. Monsanto defends its patents and their use, explaining that patents are necessary to ensure that it is paid for its products and for all the investments it puts into developing products. As it argues, the principle behind a farmer’s seed contract is simple: a business must be paid for its product, but that a very small percentage of farmers do not honor this agreement. While many lawsuits involve breach of Monsanto's Technology Agreement, farmers who have not signed this type of contract, but do use the patented seed, can also be found liable for violating Monsanto's patent. That said, Monsanto has stated it will not "exercise its patent rights where trace amounts of our patented seed or traits are present in farmer's fields as a result of inadvertent means." The Federal Circuit found that this assurance is binding on Monsanto, so that farmers who do not harvest more than a trace amount of Monsanto's patented crops "lack an essential element of standing" to challenge Monsanto's patents.

The usual Monsanto claim involves patent infringement by intentionally replanting patented seed. Such activity was found by the United States Supreme Court to constitute patent infringement in Bowman v. Monsanto Co. (2013). The case began in 2007, when Monsanto sued Indiana farmer Vernon Hugh Bowman who in 1999 bought seed for his second planting from a grain elevator – the same elevator to which he and others sold their transgenic crops. The elevator sold the soybeans as commodities, not as seeds for planting. Bowman tested the new seeds, and found that, as he had expected, some were resistant to glyphosate. He intentionally replanted his harvest of GM seeds in subsequent years, supplementing them with more soybeans he bought at the elevator. He informed Monsanto of his activities. Monsanto stated that he was infringing their patents because the soybeans he bought from the elevator were new products that he purchased for use as seeds without a license from Monsanto; Bowman stated that he had not infringed due to patent exhaustion on the first sale of seed to whatever farmers had produced the crops that he bought from the elevator, on the grounds that for seed, all future generations are embodied in the first generation that was originally sold. In 2009 the district court ruled in favor of Monsanto; on appeal, the Federal Circuit upheld the verdict. Bowman appealed to the United States Supreme Court, which granted review, then unanimously affirmed the Federal Circuit on May 13, 2013.

The Supreme Court of Canada had issued a similar decision in Monsanto Canada Inc. v. Schmeiser (2004). That case concerned Percy Schmeiser, who claimed to have discovered that some canola growing on his farm in 1997 was Roundup resistant. Schmeiser harvested the seed from the Roundup resistant plants, and planted the seed in 1998. Monsanto sued Schmeiser for patent infringement for the 1998 planting. Schmeiser claimed that because the 1997 plants grew from seed that was pollinated with pollen blown into his field from neighboring fields, he owned the harvest and was entitled to do with it whatever he wished, including saving the seeds from the 1997 harvest and planting them in 1998. The initial Canadian Federal Court rejected Schmeiser's defense and held for Monsanto, finding that in 1998 Schmeiser had intentionally planted the seeds he had harvested from the wind-seeded crops in 1997, and so patent infringement had indeed occurred. Schmeiser appealed and lost again. Schmeiser appealed to the Supreme Court which took the case and held for Monsanto by a 5‑4 vote in late May 2004. Schmeiser won a partial victory, as the Supreme Court reversed on damages, finding that because Schmeiser did not gain any profit from the infringement, he did not owe Monsanto any damages nor did he have to pay Monsanto's substantial legal bills. The case caused Monsanto's enforcement tactics to be highlighted in the media over the years it took to play out. The case is widely cited or referenced by the anti-GM community in the context of a fear of a company claiming ownership of a farmer’s crop based on the inadvertent presence of GM pollen grain or seed. "The court record shows, however, that it was not just a few seeds from a passing truck, but that Mr Schmeiser was growing a crop of 95–98% pure Roundup Ready plants, a commercial level of purity far higher than one would expect from inadvertent or accidental presence. The judge could not account for how a few wayward seeds or pollen grains could come to dominate hundreds of acres without Mr Schmeiser’s active participation, saying ‘...none of the suggested sources could reasonably explain the concentration or extent of Roundup Ready canola of a commercial quality evident from the results of tests on Schmeiser’s crop’" – in other words, the original presence of Monsanto seed on his land in 1997 was indeed inadvertent, but the crop in 1998 was entirely purposeful.

Monsanto has also successfully sued grain elevators that clean seeds for farmers to replant of inducing patent infringement. For example, Monsanto sued the Pilot Grove Cooperative Elevator in Pilot Grove, Missouri, which had been cleaning conventional seeds for decades before the issuance of the patent that covered genetically engineered seeds. Similarly, a seed cleaner from Indiana, Maurice Parr, was sued by Monsanto for inducing farmers to save seeds in violation of Monsanto’s patent rights. Parr told his customers that cleaning patented seeds for replanting was not infringing activity. The case was settled and in exchange for paying no monetary damages, Parr agreed to an injunction requiring Parr to obtain certification from his clients that their seeds were not Monsanto patented seeds and to advise clients that seed saving of patented seeds is illegal. Mr. Parr was featured in a documentary, Food, Inc.

In one case, a farmer committed misconduct while defending a Monsanto lawsuit, which resulted in criminal penalties. In 2003, a farmer received a four-month prison sentence and ordered to pay $165,649 in restitution after pleading guilty to conspiracy to commit mail fraud during litigation with Monsanto. The same farmer was ordered to pay nearly $3 million in a civil action brought by Monsanto after a jury found him liable for $803,402 damages, which the judge trebled due to willful infringement, added attorneys fees and sanctions for misconduct, all of which were affirmed by the Federal Circuit. Such damages may not be relieved through bankruptcy; in one case where a farmer was found to be willfully infringing Monsanto's patent, the damages awarded to Monsanto were found to be non-dischargeable in the farmer’s Chapter 7 bankruptcy, as they "fell within the Bankruptcy Act’s exception for willful and malicious injuries."

Monsanto has been criticized for a mistaken lawsuit. In 2002, Monsanto mistakenly sued Gary Rinehart of Eagleville, Missouri for patent violation. Rinehart was not a farmer or seed dealer, but sharecropped land with his brother and nephew, who were violating the patent. Monsanto dropped the lawsuit against him when it discovered the mistake. It did not apologize for the mistake or offer to pay Rinehart's attorney fees.

In 2009, Monsanto sued DuPont Pioneer for patent infringement of Roundup Ready patents. DuPont had licensed the patents from Monsanto already, but had added additional glyphosate-resistance genes to its seed, which Monsanto claimed was not allowed in the license. DuPont counter-sued, claiming that Monsanto's patent was invalid. The jury handed down a verdict on August 1, 2012, finding that DuPont not only infringed, but willfully infringed, and awarded a verdict of $1 billion, the fourth-largest patent verdict in the history of the United States. DuPont indicated it would appeal, but settled in 2013.

In 2016, Monsanto filed a lawsuit against its former computer programmer Jiunn-Ren Chen, alleging that he stole files from its systems.

As defendant
The Public Patent Foundation has unsuccessfully attempted to invalidate several Monsanto patents. In 2006, the foundation filed for ex parte reexamination of four patents, which the United States Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) granted. However, by 2008 the PTO had confirmed the validity of all four patents, with minor amendments to two patents, and allowing new patent claims to issue for the other two patents. In 2011 the Public Patent Foundation filed claims in the Southern District of New York challenging the validity of 23 of Monsanto's patents on genetically modified seed, on behalf of the Organic Seed Growers and Trade Association and 82 other farming associations. The group contended that they were being forced to sue preemptively to protect themselves from being accused of patent infringement should their fields ever become contaminated by Monsanto's genetically modified seed. Monsanto moved for dismissal, citing a public pledge it made not to "exercise its patent rights where trace amounts of our patented seed or traits are present in farmer's fields as a result of inadvertent means." District Court Judge Naomi Buchwald dismissed the lawsuit in 2012, and criticized the plaintiffs in her order for a "transparent effort to create a controversy where none exists." In June 2013, the Federal Circuit affirmed the District Court decision. The Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal in January 2014.

In February 2012, two NGOs, Navdanya and No Patent on Seeds, filed documents opposing an EU patent awarded to Monsanto covering virus resistant traits of melons. They were joined by Bayer Cropscience. Monsanto had acquired DeRuiter, a seed company, in 2008, which originally filed the patent application. The activists' claim it was not an invention of Monsanto but rather bio-piracy, because the virus-resistant plants originated in India and were registered in international seed banks; they further claimed that conventional breeding methods were used to transfer the virus resistance genes from an Indian melon to other melons and that European law prohibits patents on conventional breeding. The European Patent Office created a page on its website to explain the case.

Chemical products and related harms
Monsanto operated as an agricultural company, but it was founded in 1901 as a chemical company. In 1997 Monsanto split the chemical sector of its business into an independent company, Solutia Inc. In 2008 Monsanto agreed “to assume financial responsibility for all litigation relating to property damage, personal injury, products liability or premises liability or other damages related to asbestos, PCB, dioxin, benzene, vinyl chloride and other chemicals manufactured before the Solutia Spin-off.”

Agent Orange
In 1980, the first US Agent Orange class-action lawsuit was filed for the injuries military personnel in Vietnam suffered through exposure to dioxins in the defoliant. The chemical companies involved denied that there was a link between Agent Orange and the veterans' medical problems. On May 7, 1984, seven chemical companies settled the class-action suit out of court just hours before jury selection was to begin, offering $180 million as compensation if the veterans dropped all claims against them. Slightly over 45% of the sum was ordered to be paid by Monsanto alone.

In 2004, Monsanto, along with Dow and other chemical companies, were sued in a US court by a group of Vietnamese for the effects of its Agent Orange defoliant, used by the US military in the Vietnam War. The case was dismissed, and plaintiffs appealed all the way to the Supreme Court, which also denied the appeal.

After seven years of litigation, in 2013 Monsanto reached a settlement with the town of Nitro, West Virginia, agreeing to pay $93 million for compensatory damages, cleanup, and ongoing monitoring of dioxin contamination in the area around a plant where Agent Orange was made.

Dioxin
In a case that ran from February 1984 through October 1987, Monsanto was the defendant in the longest civil jury trial in U.S. history, Kemner v. Monsanto. The case involved a group of plaintiffs who claimed to have been poisoned by dioxin in 1979 when a train derailed in Sturgeon, Missouri. Tank cars on the train carried a chemical used to make wood preservatives and "small quantities of a dioxin called 2, 3, 7, 8, TCDD... formed as a part of the manufacturing process." The initial outcome was mixed. "The jurors, after deliberating more than two months, agreed with Monsanto that the plaintiffs had suffered no physical harm from exposure to dioxin. But they accepted the plaintiffs' argument that Monsanto had failed to alter its manufacturing process to eliminate dioxin as a byproduct and that it had failed to warn the public about dioxin's harmfulness. Most of the plaintiffs were awarded only one dollar each for actual losses, but they were awarded $16.2 million in punitive damages." Monsanto appealed the judgments and won on all counts.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
In the early 1990s, Monsanto faced several lawsuits over harm caused by PCBs from workers at companies such as Westinghouse that bought PCBs from Monsanto and used them to build electrical equipment. Monsanto and its customers, such as Westinghouse and GE, also faced litigation from third parties, such as workers at scrap yards that bought used electrical equipment and broke them down to reclaim valuable metals. Monsanto settled some of these cases and won the others, on the grounds that it had clearly told its customers that PCBs were dangerous chemicals and that protective procedures needed to be implemented.

In 2003, Monsanto and Solutia Inc., a Monsanto corporate spin-off, reached a $700 million settlement with the residents of West Anniston, Alabama who had been affected by the manufacturing and dumping of PCBs. In a trial lasting six weeks, the jury found that "Monsanto had engaged in outrageous behavior, and held the corporations and its corporate successors liable on all six counts it considered – including negligence, nuisance, wantonness and suppression of the truth."

In 2014, the Los Angeles Superior Court found that Monsanto was not liable for cancers claimed to be from PCBs permeating the food supply of three plaintiffs who had developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. After a four-week trial, the jury found that Monsanto’s production and sale of PCBs between 1935 and 1977 were not substantial causes of the cancer.

In 2015, the cities of Spokane, San Diego, and San Jose initiated lawsuits against Monsanto to recover cleanup costs for PCB contaminated sites, alleging that Monsanto continued to sell PCBs without adequate warnings after they knew of their toxicity. Monsanto issued a media statement concerning the San Diego case, claiming that improper use or disposal by third-parties, of a lawfully sold product, was not the company's responsibility.

In July 2015, a St Louis county court in Missouri found that Monsanto, Solutia, Pharmacia and Pfizer were not liable for a series of deaths and injuries caused by PCBs manufactured by Monsanto Chemical Company until 1977. The trial took nearly a month and the jury took a day of deliberations to return a verdict against the plaintiffs from throughout the USA. Similar cases are ongoing. "The evidence simply doesn’t support the assertion that the historic use of PCB products was the cause of the plaintiffs’ harms. We are confident that the jury will conclude, as two other juries have found in similar cases, that the former Monsanto Company is not responsible for the alleged injuries,” a Monsanto statement said.

In May 2016, A Missouri state jury ordered Monsanto to pay $46.5 million in a case where 3 plaintiffs claimed PCB exposure caused non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

In December 2016, the state of Washington filed suit in King County. The state sought damages and clean up costs related to PCBs. In March 2018 Ohio Attorney General Mike DeWine also filed a lawsuit against Monsanto over health issues posed by PCBs.

On November 21, 2019, a federal judge denied a bid by Monsanto to dismiss a lawsuit filed by LA County calling the company to clean up cancer-causing PCBs from Los Angeles County waterways and storm sewer pipelines The lawsuit calls for Monsanto to pay for cleanup of PCBs from dozens of waterways, including the LA River, San Gabriel River and the Dominguez Watershed.

In June 2020, Bayer agreed to pay $650 million to settle local lawsuits related to Monsanto's pollution of public waters in various areas of the United States with PCBs. On December 1, 2020, U.S. District Judge Fernando M. Olguin rejected Bayer's proposed $650 million settlement and allowed Monsanto-related lawsuits involving PCB to proceed. In April 2024, a Washington state appeals court overturned a $185 million verdict against Bayer.

Alachlor

Alachlor is the second most widely used herbicide in the United States; its use as a herbicide has been banned in the European Union.

In 2012, a French court found Monsanto guilty of chemical poisoning of a farmer who had used the herbicide Lasso, a trade name for alachlor. This is the first such case to be heard in France and is considered "a judgment that could lend weight to other health claims against pesticides." In 2015 a French appeals court upheld the ruling and ordered the company to "fully compensate" the grower.

Roundup
The active ingredient in Roundup, the most widely used herbicide, is glyphosate. As of October 30, 2019, there were over 40,000 plaintiffs involved with a suit saying that glyphosate-based herbicides caused their cancer. Most of these suits were filed after 2015, when the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) published a report linking glyphosate to cancer in humans. Monsanto denies that Roundup is carcinogenic.

There is limited evidence that human cancer risk might increase as a result of occupational exposure to large amounts of glyphosate, such as agricultural work, but no good evidence of such a risk from home use, such as in domestic gardening. The consensus among national pesticide regulatory agencies and scientific organizations, including the European Commission, and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is that labeled uses of glyphosate are not likely to be carcinogenic to humans.

In 2016, Monsanto filed a lawsuit objecting to glyphosate being added to California's list of carcinogens. In January 2017, the Fresno County Superior Court rejected the case. The state of California filed a motion to dismiss the case. Monsanto appealed on March 22.

In 2016, in response to a lawsuit by Emanuel Giglio, the Southern District of California ruled that Giglio's cancer was not Monsanto's fault and that "FIFRA preempted Giglio's claim of a failure to warn the EPA about the dangers of glyphosate".

In the In re: Roundup Products Liability multidistrict litigation (MDL) a Daubert hearing was held in March 2018 on general causation as to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This case consolidated over 300 federal lawsuits that allege Monsanto did not adequately warn consumers about the risks of using Roundup. Monsanto argued that plaintiff's claims were based on "junk science" and sought a summary judgment dismissing the cases. In July 2018, the federal court judge overseeing the cases ruled that the plaintiffs could proceed with their lawsuits, finding that a reasonable jury could conclude that glyphosate can cause cancer in humans. Monsanto's motion for summary judgment was denied.

In March 2017, 40 plaintiffs filed a lawsuit in the Alameda County Superior Court, a branch of the California Superior Court, against Monsanto alleging damages related to certain forms of cancer caused by Roundup.

On 10 August 2018, Dewayne Johnson, who has non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, was awarded $289 million in damages (cut to $78 million pending appeal then reduced to $21 million after appeal ) after a jury in San Francisco found that Monsanto had failed to adequately warn consumers of cancer risks posed by the herbicide. Johnson had routinely used two different glyphosate formulations in his work as a groundskeeper, Roundup and another Monsanto product called Ranger Pro. The jury's verdict addressed the question of whether Monsanto knowingly failed to warn consumers that Roundup could be harmful, but not whether Roundup causes cancer. Court documents from the case alleged the company's efforts to influence scientific research via ghostwriting.

In March 2019, a man was awarded $80 million in a lawsuit claiming Roundup was a substantial factor in his cancer. In July 2019, U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria reduced the settlement to $25 million. Chhabria stated that a punitive award was appropriate because the evidence "easily supported a conclusion that Monsanto was more concerned with tamping down safety inquiries and manipulating public opinion than it was with ensuring its product is safe." Chhabria stated that there is evidence is on both sides concerning whether glyphosate causes cancer and that the behavior of Monsanto showed "a lack of concern about the risk that its product might be carcinogenic." A reputation manager hired by Monsanto posed as a reporter at this trial.

The ruling was criticized by some legal and science experts as lacking a firm scientific background and being instead an example of "a growing trend in mass tort litigation" where "even if the scientific proof is disputed (and possibly lacking), jurors should award damages for what is, effectively, bad corporate behavior"

However, Judge Chhabria pointed to scientific testimony from epidemiology, oncology, and other medical specialties in the first three trials. Then he wrote, "Monsanto lost the battle of the experts."

On 13 May 2019 a jury in California ordered Bayer to pay a couple $2 billion in damages after finding that the company had failed to adequately inform consumers of the possible carcinogenicity of Roundup. On July 26, 2019, an Alameda County judge cut the settlement to $86.7 million, stating that the judgement by the jury exceeded legal precedent.

In June 2020, Bayer agreed to settle over a hundred thousand Roundup lawsuits, agreeing to pay $8.8 to $9.6 billion to settle those claims, and $1.5 billion for any future claims. The settlement does not include three cases that have already gone to jury trials and are being appealed.

Penncap-M
The insecticide Penncap-M, which has methyl parathion as an active ingredient, was classified as hazardous waste and banned by the EPA as of the end of 2013.

On November 21, 2019, Monsanto pled guilty to unlawfully spraying a banned pesticide, as it had sprayed Penncap-M at its Valley Farm research facility on Maui, in 2014. Monsanto admitted as part of the plea that it had Valley Farm workers return to the sprayed field after 7 days despite knowing that they should have been prohibited from entering for 31 days. The company also admitted to unlawfully storing and transporting hazardous waste, as it had stores of Penncap-M at three other locations in Hawaii, and did not get permits to store it nor identified it on shipping manifests when transporting it on public highways. The company agreed to pay a fine of $10 million in exchange for deferred prosecution of the storage and transportation charges. As part of this deal, $6 million will be paid as a criminal fine, while $4 million will be paid to entities of the Hawaiian state government for community service.

Dicamba
Arkansas and Missouri banned the sale and use of the pesticide dicamba in July 2017 in response to complaints of crop damage due to drift. In response, Monsanto, a producer of dicamba, sued the state of Arkansas to stop the ban; this lawsuit was dismissed in February 2018. On January 27, 2020, the first ever lawsuit concerning Dicamba-related products began in Missouri. The lawsuit, which had been filed in November 2016, involves a peach farmer who alleged that Dicamba-based herbicides caused significant damage to his crops and trees. On February 14, 2020, the jury involved in the lawsuit ruled against Monsanto acquisitor Bayer and its co-defendant BASF and found in favor of the peach grower, Bader Farms owner Bill Bader. Bayer and BASF were also ordered to pay Bader $15 million in damages. On February 15, 2020, Monsanto and BASF were ordered to pay an additional $250 million in punitive damages.

In June 2020, Bayer agreed to a settlement of up to $400 million for all 2015-2020 crop year dicamba claims, not including the $250 million judgement. On November 25, 2020, U.S. District Judge Stephen Limbaugh Jr. reduced the punitive damage amount in the Bader Farms case to $60 million.

Bribery in Indonesia
In 2005, the US DOJ filed a Deferred Prosecution Agreement in which Monsanto admitted to violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (15 U.S.C. § 78dd-1) and making false entries into its books and records (15 U.S.C § 78m(b)(2) & (5)). Monsanto also agreed to pay a $1.5 million fine. The case involved bribes paid to an Indonesian official. Monsanto admitted a senior manager at Monsanto directed an Indonesian consulting firm to give a $50,000 bribe to a high-level official in Indonesia's environment ministry in 2002 related to the agency's assessment on its genetically modified cotton. Monsanto told the company to disguise an invoice for the bribe as "consulting fees". Furthermore, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission noted that Monsanto's Indonesian affiliates also made illicit payments to at least 140 current or former Indonesian officials and their families, amounting to at least US$700,000, and that Monsanto financed these payments partially through unauthorized, improperly documented and inflated sales of Monsanto's pesticide products in Indonesia. On March 5, 2008, the deferred prosecution agreement against Monsanto was dismissed with prejudice (unopposed by the Department of Justice) by the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, thereby indicating that Monsanto had complied fully with the terms of the agreement.

Spread of experimental glyphosate-resistant wheat
In 2014, Monsanto reached a settlement with soft wheat farmers over the 2013 discovery of experimental glyphosate-resistant wheat in a field in Oregon which had led to South Korea and Japan temporarily stopping some US wheat importation. The settlement included the establishment of a $2.125 million fund for economically affected soft-wheat farmers.

Right to privacy
In May 2019, Le Monde and France 2 announced that they had a copy of the "Monsanto France database" that the public relations firm Fleishman-Hillard compiled in 2016, the year after the IARC classification of glyphosate, and that the database listed private data about journalists, scientists, and politicians who were evaluated on a scale of 1–5 concerning their political opinions on, for example, "agriculture, pesticides, GMOs, and health..." . Le Monde and one of its reporters filed a legal complaint in the High Court of Paris on 26 April 2019, based in part on the right to privacy. Seven people listed in the database complained to the French data privacy agency, the Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés, which in July 2021 fined Monsanto €400,000 for secretly compiling the lists.

rBST labelling
In 2003, Monsanto sued Oakhurst Dairy over Oakhurst's label on its milk cartons that said "Our farmer's pledge: no artificial hormones," referring to the use of bovine somatotropin (rBST). Monsanto argued that the label implied that Oakhurst milk was superior to milk from cows treated with rBST, which harmed Monsanto's business. The two companies settled out of court, and it was announced that Oakhurst would add the word "used" at the end of its label, and note that the U.S. FDA claims there is no major difference between milk from rBST-treated and non rBST-treated cows.

Monsanto v Geertson
In 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms. The case concerned an injunction against the planting of Monsanto's genetically engineered Roundup Ready alfalfa (RRA). In 2005, the United States Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) had deregulated RRA based on an Environmental Assessment (EA) of Monsanto's RRA. In 2006, Geertson Seed Farm and others filed suit in a California district court against the APHIS' deregulation of RRA. The district court disallowed APHIS' deregulation of RRA and issued an injunction against any new planting of RRA pending the preparation of a much more extensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The court also refused to allow a partial deregulation. Monsanto and others appealed that decision and lost, then appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. In 2010, the Supreme Court reversed the district court's decision. They stated that before a court disallows a partial deregulation, a plaintiff must show that it has suffered irreparable injury. "The District Court abused its discretion in enjoining APHIS from effecting a partial deregulation and in prohibiting the planting of RRA pending the agency’s completion of its detailed environmental review." The Supreme court did not consider the district court's ruling disallowing RRA's deregulation and consequently RRA was still a regulated crop waiting for APHIS's completion of an EIS. At the time, both sides claimed victory. This was the first ruling of the United States Supreme Court on genetically engineered crops. After APHIS prepared an Environmental Impact Statement for RRA, in 2012 it was deregulated again.

Glyphosate-resistant sugar beets
On January 23, 2008, the Center for Food Safety, the Sierra Club, and the Organic Seed Alliance and High Mowing Seeds filed a lawsuit against USDA-APHIS regarding their decision to deregulate a glyphosate-resistant sugar beet developed by Monsanto and KWS SAAT AG in 2005. The organizations expressed concerns regarding glyphosate-resistant sugar beets' ability to potentially cross pollinate with conventional sugar beet. On September 21, 2009, U.S. District Judge Jeffrey S. White, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, ruled that USDA-APHIS had violated Federal law in deregulating glyphosate-resistant sugar beet and on August 13, 2010, he ruled further, revoking the deregulation of glyphosate-resistant sugar beet and declaring it unlawful for growers to plant glyphosate-resistant sugar beet in the spring of 2011. As a result of this ruling, growers were permitted to harvest and process their crop at the end of the 2010 growing season, yet a ban on new plantings was enacted. After Judge White's ruling, USDA-APHIS prepared an Environmental Assessment seeking partial deregulation of glyphosate-resistant sugar beet and allowed GM seedlings to be planted. In November 2010, in response to a suit by the original parties, Judge White ordered the destruction of the plantings. In February 2011, a federal appeals court for the Northern district of California in San Francisco, citing the Supreme Court's 2010 decision on RRA, overturned the ruling, concluding that "The Plaintiffs have failed to show a likelihood of irreparable injury. Biology, geography, field experience, and permit restrictions make irreparable injury unlikely." APHIS developed requirements that growers had to follow if handling glyphosate-resistant sugar beet while it was regulated. In July 2012, after completing an Environmental Impact Assessment and a Plant Pest Risk Assessment the USDA deregulated Monsanto's Roundup Ready sugar beets again.

Avaaz subpoena
In January 2018, Monsanto requested that the political activist group Avaaz hand over all documents the organization held on their campaigning related to the safety of glyphosate. Lawyers for Monsanto said they planned to use the documentation to focus on relations between Avaaz and plaintiff lawyers in their defense during an upcoming court case involving two plaintiffs in Missouri who say their cancer was caused by exposure to Monsanto's "Roundup" herbicide. On September 5, 2018, a New York judge sided with Avaaz. The judge stated that the subpoena "risked "chilling" free speech and political activity".

2009 antitrust investigation
In 2009, Monsanto came under scrutiny from the U.S. Department of Justice, which began investigating whether the company's activities in the soybean markets were breaking anti-trust rules. In 2010, the Department of Justice created a website through which comments on "Agriculture and Antitrust Enforcement Issues in Our 21st Century Economy" could be submitted; over 15,000 comments were submitted including a letter by 14 State Attorneys General. The comments are publicly available. On November 16, 2012, Monsanto announced that it had received written notification from the U.S. Department of Justice that the Antitrust Division had concluded its inquiry and that the Department of Justice had closed the inquiry without taking any enforcement action. Opponents of Monsanto's seed patenting and licensing practices expressed frustration that the Department of Justice released no information about the results of the inquiry.

Brofiscin Quarry
Brofiscin Quarry was used as a waste site from about 1965 to 1972 and accepted waste from BP, Veolia, and Monsanto. A 2005 report by Environmental Agency Wales found that the quarry contained up to 75 toxic substances, including heavy metals, Agent Orange, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Environmental Agency of the UK investigated who the "responsible parties" were who should be held liable for clean up costs, and in February 2011, the Guardian reported that Monsanto had agreed to help with the costs of remediation, but did not accept responsibility for the pollution. A webpage at the Environmental Agency site put up at around that time stated: "We have completed our extensive enquiries to identify those we consider should be held responsible under the contaminated land laws and be held liable for the cost of remediating Brofiscin Quarry. We are at an advanced stage in our consultations with BP, Veolia and Monsanto to provide them with the opportunity to help remediate the land on a voluntary basis. We expect to make further progress on this matter in the next few months. If this approach is unsuccessful, we have the power to carry out the work needed ourselves and recover our costs. The three companies have been identified under the legislation as inheriting the liabilities of companies who were associated with depositing wastes at the quarry." The three companies reached settlements to cover the cleanup cost, according to an announcement by Natural Resources Wales in July 2015.

Doubts persist whether full disclosure and assumption of responsibility has yet been achieved regarding others in this family of sites which received waste from Monsanto Newport works. Other sites considered relevant include Maendy, Llwyneinion, Rhosllanerchrugog, Sutton Walls and several more.

SEC Investigation
In February 2016, Monsanto agreed to pay a $80 million settlement after a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission investigation found that Monsanto had misstated its earnings in filings over a 3-year period. The misleading statements were connected to Monsanto's failure to fully account for the costs involved in their Roundup rebate programs.

1997 WTVT news story
This is a case where Monsanto was not a party, but was alleged to have been involved in the events under dispute. In 1997, the news division of WTVT (Channel 13), a Fox–owned station in Tampa, Florida, planned to air an investigative report by Steve Wilson and Jane Akre on the health risks allegedly associated with Monsanto's bovine growth hormone product, Posilac. Just before the story was to air, Fox received a threatening letter from Monsanto, saying the reporters were biased and that the story would damage the company. Fox tried to work with the reporters to address Monsanto's concerns, and the negotiations between Fox and the reporters broke down. Both reporters were eventually fired. Wilson and Akre alleged the firing was for retaliation, while WTVT contended they were fired for insubordination. The reporters then sued Fox/WTVT in Florida state court under the state's whistleblower statute. In 2000, a Florida jury found that while there was no evidence Fox/WTVT had bowed to any pressure from Monsanto to alter the story, Akre, but not Wilson, was a whistleblower and was unjustly fired. Fox appealed the decision stating that under Florida law, a whistleblower can only act if "a law, rule, or regulation”" has been broken and argued that the FCC's news distortion policy did not fit that definition. The appeals court overturned the verdict, finding that Akre was not a whistleblower because of the Florida "legislature's requirement that agency statements that fit the definition of a “rule” (must) be formally adopted (rules). Recognizing an uncodified agency policy developed through the adjudicative process as the equivalent of a formally adopted rule is not consistent with this policy, and it would expand the scope of conduct that could subject an employer to liability beyond what Florida's Legislature could have contemplated when it enacted the whistle-blower's statute."

Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories scandal
In 1981, four executives of Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories(IBT), an American contract research organization were indicted in federal court on various counts including scientific misconduct and fraud, and were convicted in 1983. IBT was an industrial product safety testing laboratory that was used by pharmaceutical companies, chemical manufacturers and other industrial clients, operated one of the largest facility of its kind in the US, and performed more than one-third of all toxicology testing in the United States. One of the convicted executives was Paul Wright, a toxicologist, who had spent 18 months at IBT in the 1970s while IBT was testing an antimicrobial product that Monsanto was developing, triclocarban(TCC). The revelations of misconduct by IBT Labs led to the establishment of Good Laboratory Practice standards and regulations for industrial testing.

In 1991, Philip Smith, a former assistant toxicologist at IBT, testified in a trial in which Monsanto was being sued by workers at Westinghouse over PCBs, that final toxicology reports on PCBs provided to Monsanto by IBT contained falsified data.

Asgrow
In late 2006, the Correctional Tribunal of Carcassonne, France, ordered two directors of Monsanto subsidiary Asgrow to pay a €15,000 fine related to their knowledge of the presence of unauthorized genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in bags of seeds imported by Asgrow on April 13, 2000.

False advertising
In 1996, the New York Times reported that: "Dennis C. Vacco, the Attorney General of New York, ordered the company to pull ads that said Roundup was "safer than table salt" and "practically nontoxic" to mammals, birds and fish. The company withdrew the spots, but also said that the phrase in question was permissible under E.P.A. guidelines."

In 1999, Monsanto was condemned by the UK Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) for making "confusing, misleading, unproven and wrong" claims about its products over the course of a £1 million advertising campaign. The ASA ruled that Monsanto had presented its opinions "as accepted fact" and had published "wrong" and "unproven" scientific claims. Monsanto responded with an apology and claimed it was not intending to deceive and instead "did not take sufficiently into account the difference in culture between the UK and the USA in the way some of this information was presented."

In 2001, French environmental and consumer rights campaigners brought a case against Monsanto for misleading the public about the environmental impact of its herbicide Roundup, on the basis that glyphosate, Roundup's main ingredient, is classed as "dangerous for the environment" and "toxic for aquatic organisms" by the European Union. Monsanto's advertising for Roundup had presented it as biodegradable and as leaving the soil clean after use. In 2007, Monsanto was convicted of false advertising and was fined 15,000 euros. Monsanto's French distributor Scotts France was also fined 15,000 euros. Both defendants were ordered to pay damages of 5,000 euros to the Brittany Water and Rivers Association and 3,000 euros to the CLCV (Consommation Logement Cadre de vie), one of the two main general consumer associations in France. Monsanto appealed and the court upheld the verdict; Monsanto appealed again to the French Supreme Court, and in 2009 it also upheld the verdict.

In August 2012, a Brazilian Regional Federal Court ordered Monsanto to pay a $250,000 fine for false advertising. In 2004, advertising that related to the use of GM soya seed, and the herbicide glyphosate used in its cultivation, claimed it was beneficial to the conservation of the environment. The federal prosecutor maintained that Monsanto misrepresented the amount of herbicide required and stated that "there is no scientific certainty that soybeans marketed by Monsanto use less herbicide." The presiding judge condemned Monsanto and called the advertisement "abusive and misleading propaganda." The prosecutor held that the goal of the advertising was to prepare the market for the purchase of genetically modified soybean seed (sale of which was then banned) and the herbicide used on it, at a time when the approval of a Brazilian Biosafety Law, enacted in 2005, was being discussed in the country.

In March 2014, the South African Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) upheld a complaint, made by the African Centre for Biosafety, that Monsanto had made "unsubstantiated" claims about genetically modified crops in its radio advertisements, and ordered that these adverts be pulled. In March 2015 after considering further documentation from Monsanto, the ASA reversed its ruling.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Monsanto legal cases


text:
Cool Summer Reggae

Cool Summer Reggae is an album by Aswad, released in 2002. The collection features re-recordings of their hits "Don't Turn Around" and "Shine", plus cover versions that are given the commercial Aswad treatment, including the album's first single, "Shy Guy", featuring vocals from ex-Eternal singer Easther Bennett.

Track listing

 * 1) "Night Nurse"
 * 2) "Good Thing Going"
 * 3) "Roxanne"
 * 4) "Don't Turn Around"
 * 5) "Stir It Up"
 * 6) "Lifted"
 * 7) "Uptight (Everything's Alright)"
 * 8) "Shine"
 * 9) "Would I Lie to You"
 * 10) "Weather with You"
 * 11) "Searching"
 * 12) "You Don't Love me "No No No""
 * 13) "Dancing in the Moonlight"
 * 14) "I Can See Clearly Now"
 * 15) "Shy Guy" (Featuring Easther Bennett)
 * 16) "Smokey Blues" (live)
 * 17) "Two Makes One" (live)

 * NOTE – there are other versions of this album with track listing in a different order

Cover versions

 * track 1 "Night Nurse" – Original Gregory Isaacs
 * track 2 "Good Thing Going" – Original Michael Jackson
 * track 3 "Roxanne" – Original The Police
 * track 4 "Don't Turn Around" – Original Tina Turner
 * track 5 "Stir It Up" – Original Bob Marley & The Wailers
 * track 6 "Lifted" – Original Lighthouse Family
 * track 7 "Uptight (Everything's Alright)" – Original Stevie Wonder
 * track 9 "Would I Lie to You?" – Original Charles & Eddie
 * track 10 "Weather with You" – Original Crowded House
 * track 11 "Searching" – Original China Black
 * track 12 "You Don't Love Me "No, No, No"" – Original Dawn Penn
 * track 13 "Dancing in the Moonlight" – Original – King Harvest
 * track 14 "I Can See Clearly Now" – Original Johnny Nash
 * track 15 "Shy Guy" – Original Diana King

Additional musicians

 * Ian Ritchie – tenor saxophone
 * Pete Thoms – trombone

title: Cool Summer Reggae


text:
File:ArtRage2FaceEyesWhite.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to draw thumbnail storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:ArtRage2FaceEyesWhite.jpg


text:
Electronics/Table of Chemicals

Electronics has quite a few chemicals in it many of which are toxic.

What things are made of
Batteries:

Electrolysis:

LEDs:

Phosphors:

Semiconductors:

wires:

The * denotes toxic

Elements at Wikipedia

 * (Ag) Silver
 * (Al) Aluminium
 * (Au) Gold
 * (B) Boron
 * (C) Carbon
 * (Cd) Cadmium
 * (Cu) Copper
 * (Ga) Gallium
 * (Hg) Mercury
 * (In) Indium
 * (P) Phosphorous
 * (Pb) Lead
 * (Pd) Palladium
 * (Pt) Platinum
 * (Se) Selenium
 * (Si) Silicon
 * (Ti) Tin
 * (Y) Yttrium
 * (Zn) Zinc

title: Electronics/Table of Chemicals


text:
impennaggio

Noun

 * 1) tail (tailplane and rudder of an aircraft or missile)
 * 2) feathers (of an arrow or dart)

title: impennaggio


text:
Talk:Full Zionist Union list for Israeli legislative election, 2015

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Full Zionist Union list for Israeli legislative election, 2015. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20150223175044/http://bechirot.gov.il/election/Candidates/Pages/OneListCandidates.aspx?LPF=Search&WebId=6adadc15-e476-480b-9746-04490aedeb0f&ListID=ba72a662-765c-45af-9d48-fb68080956af&ItemID=8&FieldID=ListNickname_GxS_Text to http://bechirot.gov.il/election/Candidates/Pages/OneListCandidates.aspx?LPF=Search&WebId=6adadc15-e476-480b-9746-04490aedeb0f&ListID=ba72a662-765c-45af-9d48-fb68080956af&ItemID=8&FieldID=ListNickname_GxS_Text

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 19:33, 26 February 2016 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Barak Norman

Was Barak Norman Jewish?
Was Barak Norman of Jewish heritage? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:24, 22 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Barak Norman


text:
Talk:Anthony Bernard

Date of death
Having searched high and low, in vain, for this information, I finally emailed the London Chamber Orchestra. This is their reply:

 * Dear Jack,

 * Many thanks for your email. The orchestra has relatively little archive material on Anthony Bernard but we do have a copy of a book 'Anthony Bernard: A Life in Music' by Ewald Junge (Spellmount Ltd, 1992). This lists his date of death as 6 April 1963, indicating that an obituary appeared in The Times shortly afterwards.
 * Do let us know if you would like more information on this book.

 * Best wishes,

 * Mercedes

 * Mercedes Malcomson
 * Administrator

 * London Chamber Orchestra
 * Queen Mary, University of London
 * Mile End Road
 * London
 * E1 4NS
 * Please note new address

I have not been able to locate the Times obituary, but I have confirmed the Ewald Junge book does exist.

This information may be third-hand, but I'm afraid it's the best we've got until something better comes along. I've added the Junge source to the article, with the date of death. --  Jack of Oz   [Talk]  20:36, 30 November 2012 (UTC)

Tone
Much of this section seems rather colloquial in tone, thus not really encyclopaedic: "Anthony Bernard's birth was registered as Alan Charles Butler in the West Ham district, then classified as Essex, in early 1891. His mother was Rosetta Ann Casselden who had married Alfred Charles Butler, a coal-merchant (son of Henry Butler, also a coal-merchant) four years previously on 21 September 1887. Alan Charles Butler changed his name by deed poll in 1919 according to the National Archives. Further family research has uncovered the fact he was an illegitimate child of the Edwardian band leader Thomas Bidgood and Rosetta Casselden. Another of Thomas Bidgood's sons was the dance band leader Harry Bidgood (Also known as Primo Scala.) In the 1901 census, Rosetta Casselden was not living with her husband; and she declared herself to be Rosetta Barnard and her 10 y.o. son Alan Charles Butler to be 'Allan Barnard' who was born in 'New York'. Prior to cohabiting with Thomas Bidgood, she had three more sons (1893 - Thomas George who died in infancy; 1896 - Thomas Walter; and 1898 - Henry James), all were registered as 'Barnard' (Harry Bidgood was Henry James Barnard). Thomas Walter was registered with Butler as the mother's name, the other two had Casselden. By the time Thomas Bidgood left his wife and son Albert Thomas, and set up home with Rosetta Casselden/Butler, Alan Charles Butler had moved on; and the remaining three sons adopted the surname Bidgood. A fourth was born in 1914 and named Warwick Bidgood. It is/was not a requirement of English law to register a change of name. Deed Poll is optional.

The adopted surname of Anthony Bernard would therefore seen to have derived from his mother's use of Barnard. Though why she did remains to be ascertained." — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:14, 1 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anthony Bernard


text:
Talk:spizzerinctum

This word is more common in speech than in writing, but it does turn up in print occasionally. Various alternate spellings are attested (though I don't have examples handy), and the majority/correct spelling may be debatable. The word may be pronounced with either three or four syllables, depending on dialect (e.g., in Ohio it is generally three syllables, but answers.com says four).

M-W online has an entry for the word, but I didn't see the definition there (since I do not have an account there). jewishworldreview.com gives an etymology which, they admit, is probably at least partly fanciful.

There are only 2290 hits on Google at the time of this writing (with safesearch on), for the spelling spizzerinctum.

title: Talk:spizzerinctum


text:
User:Edutchz

Educthz short for Edwin Dutchz is an internet alias name for Edwin Kyangangu, an Information Technology (IT) expert, Web and Graphic design enthusiast from Nairobi, Kenya.

title: User:Edutchz


text:
New English Shakespeare Company

New English Shakespeare Company is an English theatre company founded in 2019 by producer Jamie Hendry to present modern takes on the works of William Shakespeare on a global level. Its inaugural production of Much Ado About Nothing was directed by Derek Bond and opened at the Dubai Opera in September 2019 before embarking on an international tour.

Much Ado About Nothing
Much Ado About Nothing premiered at the Dubai Opera in September 2019, directed by Derek Bond, with designs by James Perkins, lighting design by James Whiteside, music by Tayo Akinbode and movement by Lucie Pankhurst.

The production was well received with Time Out reviewing it as "Nothing short of phenomenal".

title: New English Shakespeare Company


text:
Τάφιος

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Of Taphus

Proper noun

 * 1) Taphius, the colonizer in Greek mythology of the islands of Taphos

Noun

 * 1) an inhabitant of the islands of Taphos; a Taphian

title: Τάφιος


text:
Talk:Rec footy

How you count the 15 meters in a pick-up game??? can u take 8 steps before bouncing instead??...sorry the poor english

Fork off the list
The list is now too big for this article. I suggest moving it to an article with the same name as the section.Garrie 00:53, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

The playing field
It's not immediately obvious how the field is set up, a rectangular field will normally have league or hybrid (league/soccer) goal posts. How is a rectangular field with AFL posts done? A rectangle is marked out within the confines of a regular AFL shaped field? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:42, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rec footy


text:
ICC Women's T20I Team of the Year

The ICC Women's T20I Team of the Year is an honour awarded each year by the International Cricket Council. It recognizes the top women's cricket players from around the world in the T20I format of the game. The team does not actually compete, but exists solely as an honorary entity.

Winners
Players marked bold won the ICC Women's T20I Cricketer of the Year in that respective year:

Appearances by player
Players marked bold are still active in T20I matches and years marked bold indicate they won the ICC Women's T20I Cricketer of the Year in that respective year:

title: ICC Women's T20I Team of the Year


text:
Zero Point Zero Production

Zero Point Zero Production, Inc. is a television, film, print, and digital content company founded in 2003 by Executive Producers Chris Collins and Lydia Tenaglia. Since its inception, the company has produced hundreds of hours of documentary content in over 100 countries around the world, including the critically acclaimed, Emmy and Peabody Award-winning series Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown, the Emmy Award-winning The Mind of a Chef, and Emmy nominated The Hunt with John Walsh. As of 2019, ZPZ has received 27 Emmy Awards with 80 Nominations, A Peabody Award, 2 PGA Awards, 5 ACE Eddie Awards, and 5 James Beard Awards. The company also publishes Food Republic.

Awards and nominations

 * 2007 CINE Golden Eagle Award Winner, Best Lifestyle Series (Gourmet's Diary of a Foodie)
 * 2007 BANFF Award Winner, Best Lifestyle Series (Gourmet's Diary of a Foodie)
 * 2008 James Beard Award Winner, Best Food Television Series (Gourmet's Diary of a Foodie)
 * 2008 CINE Golden Eagle Award Winner, Best Lifestyle Series (Gourmet's Diary of a Foodie)
 * 2008 Silver Medal at New York Festivals Television Broadcasting Awards, Best Editing [Documentary/Info] (Gourmet's Diary of a Foodie)
 * 2009 Silver Telly Award Winner, Editing and Cinematography (Gourmet's Adventures with Ruth)
 * 2009 Daytime Emmy Winner, Outstanding Single Camera Editing (Gourmet's Diary of a Foodie)
 * 2009 Emmy Winner, Outstanding Cinematography for Nonfiction Programming (Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations: Laos)
 * 2009 Silver Medal at New York Festivals International TV Programming & Promotion Awards, Travel & Tourism (Gourmet's Diary of a Foodie)
 * 2011 Northern Lights Award Winner, Broadcast Award (The Layover)
 * 2011 Emmy Winner, Outstanding Cinematography for Nonfiction Programming (Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations: Haiti)
 * 2011 CLIO Award Winner (Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations)
 * 2011 ACE Eddie Award Winner, Best Edited Reality Series (Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations)
 * 2012 Critics' Choice Award, Best Reality Series (Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations)
 * 2013 James Beard Award Winner, Television Program, On Location ("The Mind of a Chef")
 * 2013 Emmy Winner, Outstanding Cinematography for Nonfiction Programming ("Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown: Myanmar")
 * 2013 Emmy Winner, Outstanding Informational Series or Special ("Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown)
 * 2014 Daytime Emmy Winner, Outstanding Culinary Program ("The Mind of a Chef")
 * 2014 Emmy Winner, Outstanding Informational Series or Special ("Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown")
 * 2015 Daytime Emmy Winner, Outstanding Main Title and Graphic Design ("The Mind of a Chef")
 * 2015 Daytime Emmy Winner, Outstanding Single Camera Photography ("The Mind of a Chef")
 * 2015 Daytime Emmy Winner, Outstanding Single Camera Editing ("The Mind of a Chef")
 * 2015 Emmy Winner, Outstanding Informational Series or Special ("Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown")
 * 2016 Daytime Emmy Winner, Outstanding Main Title and Graphic Design ("The Mind of a Chef")
 * 2016 Daytime Emmy Winner, Outstanding Directing in a Lifestyle/Culinary/Travel Program ("The Mind of a Chef")
 * 2016 Daytime Emmy Winner, Outstanding Cinematography ("The Mind of a Chef")
 * 2016 Daytime Emmy Winner, Outstanding Individual in Animation - production designer ("The Mind of a Chef")
 * 2016 Daytime Emmy Winner, Outstanding Culinary Host - Gabrielle Hamilton and David Kinch ("The Mind of a Chef")
 * 2016 Emmy Winner, Outstanding Informational Series or Special ("Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown")
 * 2017 Daytime Emmy Winner, Outstanding Main Title and Graphic Design ("The Mind of a Chef")
 * 2017 Daytime Emmy Winner, Outstanding Sound Mixing - Live Action ("The Mind of a Chef")

title: Zero Point Zero Production


text:
User:Captain Calm/PROD log

This is a log of all proposed deletion tags applied or endorsed by this user using Twinkle's PROD module.

If you no longer wish to keep this log, you can turn it off using the preferences panel, and nominate this page for speedy deletion under CSD U1.

August 2020

 * Joshua Nelson (actor): BLP PROD; notified 03:50, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Amar Singh Baghel: BLP PROD; notified 07:37, 22 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Rdk the Blessedkid: BLP PROD; notified 22:45, 22 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Mahamed-Amin Omar Abdi: BLP PROD; notified 01:30, 23 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Lotus Juice: BLP PROD; notified 05:01, 23 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Hatchback (song): PROD; notified 17:32, 25 August 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Not yet notable per WP:NSONG

September 2020

 * Carson Wen: BLP PROD; notified 12:10, 11 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Songchai Thongcham: BLP PROD; notified 07:33, 21 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Soumi Chakraborty: BLP PROD; notified 08:51, 21 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Hala Al-Karib: BLP PROD; notified 09:43, 21 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Ric Heitzman: BLP PROD; notified 20:31, 21 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Ganesh Prasad Godiyal: BLP PROD; notified 20:05, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Jgerda Church (Pkali mountainous area): PROD; notified 16:37, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Unreferenced with no indication of WP:Notability. One of thousands of similar churches.
 * Jgerda Church (Adagua mountainous area): PROD; notified 16:39, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Unreferenced with no indication of WP:Notability. One of thousands of similar churches.
 * Chuburkhinji Saint George Church: PROD; notified 16:42, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Unreferenced with no indication of WP:Notability. One of thousands of similar churches.
 * Khopi Saint Nicholas Church: PROD; notified 16:44, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Unreferenced with no indication of WP:Notability. One of thousands of similar churches.
 * Chlou Holy Cross Church: PROD; notified 16:46, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Unreferenced with no indication of WP:Notability. One of thousands of similar churches.
 * Tsebelda Saint Theodore Church: PROD; notified 16:48, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Unreferenced with no indication of WP:Notability. One of thousands of similar churches.
 * Tsebelda Saint Catherine Church: PROD; notified 16:49, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Unreferenced with no indication of WP:Notability. One of thousands of similar churches.
 * Tsebelda Saint George Church: PROD; notified 16:51, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Unreferenced with no indication of WP:Notability. One of thousands of similar churches.
 * Tsebelda Church of Saint Andrew the First-Called: PROD; notified 16:53, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Unreferenced with no indication of WP:Notability. One of thousands of similar churches.
 * Tsarche Picheriste Church: PROD; notified 16:54, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Unreferenced with no indication of WP:Notability. One of thousands of similar churches.
 * Tsarche Church of the Epiphany: PROD; notified 16:58, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Unreferenced with no indication of WP:Notability. One of thousands of similar churches.
 * Chkhortoli Church (XI-XIX Centuries): PROD 17:08, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Unreferenced with no indication of WP:Notability. One of thousands of similar churches.
 * Chkhalta Church: PROD; notified 17:20, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Unreferenced with no indication of WP:Notability. One of thousands of similar churches.
 * Kulanurkhva Church: PROD; notified 17:23, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Unreferenced with no indication of WP:Notability. One of thousands of similar churches.
 * Ghumurishi Church: PROD; notified 18:08, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Unreferenced with no indication of WP:Notability. One of thousands of similar churches.
 * Ira Schepetin: BLP PROD; notified 08:05, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Albayon(gotra): PROD; notified 11:42, 29 September 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Can't find any mention of this gotra online, in any of the spellings listed. Second paragraph is simply a paste from Albion; connection of this group to Albion, if it exists, is unreferenced. WP:Original research at best, or a hoax.
 * Kajal Jethanand Sadhwani: BLP PROD; notified 18:42, 29 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Dr. K. Sivarajan: BLP PROD; notified 14:38, 30 September 2020 (UTC)

October 2020

 * Mohammad Younes (Director): BLP PROD; notified 13:55, 1 October 2020 (UTC)
 * 2020 MNL fixtures: PROD; notified 05:58, 2 October 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Wikipedia doesn't have separate pages for league fixtures. This is well established in:* Articles for deletion/2014 Indian Super League fixtures* Articles for deletion/Glentoran Fixtures* Articles for deletion/Thai Premier League 2009 Fixtures & Results* Articles for deletion/List of BSP fixtures and Results 09-10...etc
 * Anh Thư: BLP PROD; notified 17:46, 2 October 2020 (UTC)
 * How Do You Know Chris?: PROD; notified 17:18, 11 October 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Not yet notable per WP:NFILM.
 * Sonet Jose: BLP PROD; notified 07:30, 24 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Essam Ferris: PROD; notified 00:19, 25 October 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Not yet notable per WP:NACTOR, with no significant coverage online in WP:Reliable sources.
 * Neil Grant: BLP PROD; notified 08:57, 26 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Pradeep Doddaiah: PROD; notified 09:13, 28 October 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Not yet notable per WP:NACTOR, with only minor roles so far and no significant coverage online in WP:Reliable sources.
 * Shervin Bozorg: BLP PROD; notified 12:12, 29 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Mifathul Ikhsan: PROD; notified 09:57, 30 October 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Not yet notable per WP:NFOOTBALL: hasn't yet played in a professional match.
 * EQRIC: PROD; notified 06:59, 31 October 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Not yet notable per WP:MUSICBIO.

November 2020

 * Chintya Candranaya: BLP PROD; notified 13:15, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

title: User:Captain Calm/PROD log


text:
vahvistava

Adjective

 * 1) affirmative, confirmative, confirmatory
 * 2) intensifying that which intensifies
 * 3)  constructive

title: vahvistava


text:
Anti Kuus

Anti Kuus (born 29 December 1956 in Saaremaa) is an Estonian economist, entrepreneur, photographer and singer-songwriter.

Biography
Kuus graduated from Tallinn Polytechnic Institute (now called Tallinn University of Technology), Estonian Business School, and York University (in Canada). He has a master's degree in International Business Administration.

He has worked as economist, finance director and CEO. He has established companies Arco, Baltic Tours, AKTA, Aktaprint... From 1989 to 1992, Kuus was a member of the City Council of Kuressaare. During Estonia's transition from socialism to capitalism, Kuus worked in the Saaremaa Development Centre "Arco" and actively dealt with starting up entrepreneurship and foreign economic relations in Saaremaa.

In 1989, he arranged an international photo festival in Saaremaa with as art director.

Kuus started to take a serious interest in photography in 1991, and has since published seven books of his photographs. He deals mostly with nature subjects, especially the natural environs of Saaremaa. His photographs portray the sea and sky in different variations. In 1999–2013, Kuus has published a calendars featuring his nature photographs.

Kuus has held photograph exhibitions in Estonia, the Czech Republic, and Austria.

From 1995 onward, Kuus has split his time between living and working in Tallinn and leisure time on his farm in Saaremaa.

In 2016, he focused in songwriting and released the debut CD album "Saaremaa Blues". His songs have performed also by Nunnu & Rockstar.

Discography

 * Saaremaa Blues. AKTA 2019.

title: Anti Kuus


text:
User:SirThunderThighs/sandbox

= = THIS IS YES COOL YES WIKIPEDIA ABOUT HOW adolf HITLER WAS NO BAD

so he like didnt do anything

title: User:SirThunderThighs/sandbox