text:
Talk:Ben Putnam

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131112235500/http://www.saskarchives.com/sites/default/files/documents/Elections-Results-by-Electoral-Division.pdf to http://www.saskarchives.com/sites/default/files/documents/Elections-Results-by-Electoral-Division.pdf

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title: Talk:Ben Putnam


text:
Talk:Diego Fernández de Cevallos

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050908225505/http://www.pan.senado.gob.mx/detalleint.php?id=82-18 to http://www.pan.senado.gob.mx/detalleint.php?id=82-18

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source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Diego Fernández de Cevallos


text:
User:Black5Roses(13)/sandbox

Hello I am Black5Roses(13)

I am new to Wikipedia and i am excited to help edit wikipedia.

title: User:Black5Roses(13)/sandbox


text:
Talk:PHP Programming/headers and footers

I think out html examples should be xhtml compliant. You know, things like only small letters and solitary tags ending with a slash. -Jeshii 06:24, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)

I agree, but I think that it is of secondary importance. This is a php book. There already exists an XHTML wikibook. I will personally keep in xhtml compliance, and correct where I catch it, but right now our emphasis needs to be on developing the php book content.

It's a wiki. You can concentrate on writing the narrative and let other people clean up the code after you've done the hard work. If you don't like their changes, change 'em back! --Munin 12:01, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
Category:Free software

Category lists software programs that are free to download, pages describing how to use them, and where to download them. Note that the software in this category may still be proprietary. Software that is open source should also go under the Open Source Software. Note that some "free" software is free to download but requires a payment to fully be activated, and others allow for a free trial period.

Also see: Portal:Free software

title: Category:Free software


text:
Buddhism/Geographical Expansion

Geographical Expansion of Theravada Buddhism
The focus of this module is on the inception and spread of Theravada Buddhism. This is especially so in the countries of South East Asia. The main emphasis on the following aspects:
 * The Geographical Expansion of Buddhism in the Pre-Asokan period;
 * Buddhism Emergence as a World Religion During the Reign of Emperor Asoka;
 * The Spread of Theravada Buddhism in South India and in the Regions of South East Asia (e.g. Myanmar, Thailand);
 * Religious Intercourses between Theravada Buddhist Countries; and
 * Contemporary Theravada Buddhism.

Recommended Reading:

 * History of Theravada Buddhism in South East Asia - K. L. Hazra
 * Thai Buddhism - Kenneth E. Wells
 * Buddhism in Myanmar; A Short History - Roger Biscoff, Wheel Publications
 * Buddhist India - Rhys Davids

Coursework
You are invited to do the exercise below. Using Google Map, or any other mapping platform, trace the extend of the Asokan Empire. Notice where the geographic limitations and the terrain (mountains and rivers) and what role they played in the spread of military conquest.

Investigate: what caused Asoka to have a change of heart and embrace Buddhism?

title: Buddhism/Geographical Expansion


text:
2017–18 Welsh Premier Women's League

The 2017–18 Welsh Premier League was the ninth season of the Women's Welsh Premier League, the top level women's football league in Wales. The season began on 3 September 2017 and ended on 2 May 2018.

Cardiff Metropolitan Ladies won their fifth league title, five points clear of the previous season's winners Swansea City. Cyncoed Ladies won the Premier League Cup, the first piece of silverware that the team had won. Swansea City won the FAW Women's Cup – the third time that they have won the trophy.

Lyndsey Davies of Abergavenny Women won the Golden Boot for the second season in a row after scoring 22 goals.

Player of the Season was won by Cardiff City's Shannon Evans and Young Player of the Season was awarded to Ellie Lake of Swansea City.

Clubs
One of the league's founding teams Caernarfon Town were promoted back to the Premier League and Caldicot Town played their first season in the top flight. 10 teams ended up competing in the league.

League Cup

 * ← 2016–17 ·  2018–19 →

This was the fifth season of the WPWL Cup and Cyncoed Ladies won the competition for the first time in their history. Cyncoed beat Cardiff Metropolitan 1-0 after extra time. Jasmine Simpson of Cardiff Metropolitan scored the most goals in the competition with 4 in 4 games.

title: 2017–18 Welsh Premier Women's League


text:
Film editing/Editing dialog for music

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 45%; background-color: #fec; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;"|

Who comes first? (Picture or music)

 * The normal procedure in Hollywood is to edit your movie and then find a film composer to add a bit of music. This is totally wrong.

 * Two concerns
 * The most important thing to remember is music creates the mood for the scene.

 * The second thing to remember is you cannot have strong music when there is dialog.

 * So it is very difficult for a film composer to find room to add the necessary music.

 * The solution
 * The obvious solution is to edit the scene in a special way (by adding gaps in the dialog) so that the film composer has the room to add the necessary music.

 * Not always
 * This does not work always. But the  has a disk which explains this using a simple demonstration of a scene with no gaps in the dialog and a scene were artificial gaps were added to the scene.

 * And if you have earned enough points, you can get the disk for free.

 * style="width: 55%; background-color: #efe; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;"|

Ordering the Editing Workshop disks
This lesson uses two scenes on a DVD-Video disk to demonstrate how scenes are editing for music You need to order the DVD-Video if you wish to take this lesson.
 * The "Blindman's Bluff Production" Editing Workshop DVD-Video

Currently, there are almost no scenes for practicing film scoring. Therefore, I use this disk for this lesson.

You can order the "Blindman's Bluff Production" Editing Workshop DVD-Video by going to the Star Movie Shop website. Currently, the price of this disk is $24 plus $3 shipping in the USA. They accept only PayPal.
 * Order the disk

Or you can pay with the points you have earned at Wikiversity.

You can soon as you have 27 points, you can request the disk for free.
 * Free offer

Note : You can earn enough points simply by doing an excellent job of Formatting the script and by taking the Pop Quiz for creating the thumbnail storyboards.

To contact the Star Movie Shop, you simply Click Here. Or visit their Star Movie Shop website. Or just contact your instructor (That's me.)
 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 99%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 50%; background-color: #fffff0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Refresher about narrative music

 * What is narrative music?
 * Narrative music is music which is so expressive, strong, and powerful, the music acts like a narrator. When you have a narrator in a scene, you don't want the narrator talking and the actors talking at the same time.  You will not be able to hear either one of them if they both talk at once.

When you film a scene, there is no music. The music is added later.
 * The problem

 * Therefore, when you film a scene, there are no gaps in the dailog for the narrative music. You have to create unnatural gaps in the conversation to add the narrative dialog.

 * Making room for narrative music
 * When you have dialog, there is no room for adding narrative music. you need music to help explain the mood of the scene.  have a very special need for music yet you have additional limitations on the music.

 * style="width: 50%; background-color: Lavender; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;"|

Review: Background vs. Narrative music

 * Background music
 * Background music is soft and gentle. You can put background music anywhere.

 * You don't need any special editing for this.

 * Narrative Music
 * You can add narrative music almost anywhere... except over dialog. Narrative music and dialog do not mix well.  You have to keep them separate.  You do this by creating a pause between the sentences of the actors and inserting the narrative music to fill up the gap.

 * Therefore, you must create these gaps when you edit the scene.

 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 99%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 100%; background-color: LemonChiffon; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="2" |

The next page

 * The next page explains the contents of the disk
 * The contents of the "Blindman's Production" disk [[Image:Crystal Clear action forward.png|24px]]

Contact your instructor

 * Your instructor for this class is Robert Elliott. To email me, you simply  Click Here. [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|24px]]

 * }

title: Film editing/Editing dialog for music


text:
Metalwork

This department concerns itself with the craft of metalwork, that is to say the shaping of metal, in terms of both the physical method and the ultimate artistic or practical application.

Resources

 * Welding
 * Blacksmithing
 * Goldsmithing

title: Metalwork


text:
FC SKA-Khabarovsk

Football Club SKA-Khabarovsk (Футбольный клуб СКА-Хабаровск) is a Russian professional association football club based in Khabarovsk which plays in the second-tier Russian First League. They played in the Russian Premier League for the first time ever in the 2017–18 season. At more than 6000 km east of Moscow, SKA Khabarovsk are the most Easterly team to have taken part in a UEFA domestic top division.

History
The club has been known under different names:

 * DKA (−1953)
 * ODO (1954)
 * DO (1955–56)
 * OSK (1957)
 * SKVO (1957–59)
 * SKA (1960–99)
 * SKA-Energia (1999–2016)
 * SKA-Khabarovsk (2016–)

The club has participated in the Soviet championships since 1957. SKA were the quarter-finalists of the Soviet Cup in 1963. They had never played in the Soviet Top League or Russian Premier League, until 2017.

SKA's best result in the Soviet First League was the 6th position in 1980, and their best result in the Russian First Division was 4th position in 2012–13. This entitled them to a promotion/relegation play-off against FC Rostov, 13th place in the RPL, but they lost 3–0 on aggregate and missed their chance to compete in the top flight.

At the end of the 2016–17 season, SKA equalled their record best finish, at the same time qualifying for a promotion play-off against FC Orenburg. On 28 May 2017, SKA were promoted to the Russian Premier League for the first time in their history, after beating FC Orenburg in the promotion play-off. They won 5–3 in a penalty shoot-out, after 0–0 draws in both the home and away legs.

SKA started their first Premier League season with 4 losses. After improving results in the next stretch of games, the losses starting mounting up again. Aleksei Poddubskiy was replaced as manager by Rinat Bilyaletdinov during the winter break, Bilyaletdinov only lasted four games before being replaced by Sergei Perednya. On 22 April 2018, SKA lost 1–0 to Dynamo Moscow at home (which was their 13th loss in a stretch of 15 winless games) and lost the mathematical chance to avoid relegation back to the second-tier Russian Football National League.

In the 2021–22 season, SKA-Khabarovsk qualified for the Premier League promotion playoffs in which they lost 1–3 on aggregate to FC Khimki therefore remaining in the FNL for at least another season.

Current squad
As of 13 July 2024, according to the official First League website.

Notable players
Had international caps for their respective countries. Players whose name is listed in bold represented their countries while playing for SKA-Khabarovsk.

 * USSR and Russia
 * Vladimir Astapovsky
 * 🇷🇺 Viktor Bulatov
 * 🇷🇺 Viktor Fayzulin
 * 🇷🇺 Andrey Ivanov
 * Boris Kopeikin
 * 🇷🇺 Nikolay Olenikov
 * Sergey Olshansky
 * 🇷🇺 Andrei Semyonov
 * Aleksandr Tarkhanov
 * 🇷🇺 Akhrik Tsveiba
 * 🇷🇺 Aleksandr Yerokhin
 * Former USSR countries
 * 🇦🇲 Robert Arzumanyan
 * 🇦🇲 Ruslan Koryan
 * 🇦🇿 Gennadi Drozdov
 * 🇦🇿 Rizvan Umarov
 * 🇧🇾 Syarhey Kavalchuk

 * 🇧🇾 Andrey Paryvaew
 * Kakhaber Aladashvili
 * Gogita Gogua
 * Shota Grigalashvili
 * Gocha Khojava
 * Otar Martsvaladze
 * Giorgi Navalovski
 * Lasha Salukvadze
 * 🇰🇿 Vitaliy Artemov
 * 🇰🇿 Qayrat Aymanov
 * 🇰🇿 Aleksandr Gorbunov
 * 🇰🇿 Oleg Musin
 * 🇲🇩 Serghei Alexeev
 * 🇲🇩 Valeriu Andronic
 * 🇲🇩 Serghei Chirilov
 * 🇲🇩 Alexandr Covalenco
 * 🇲🇩 Iurie Priganiuc
 * 🇲🇩 Roman Radcenco
 * 🇲🇩 Serghei Secu

 * 🇲🇩 Adrian Sosnovschi
 * 🇹🇯 Igor Vityutnev
 * 🇹🇲 Wýaçeslaw Krendelew
 * 🇺🇦 Denys Dedechko
 * 🇺🇦 Andriy Dikan
 * 🇺🇦 Oleksandr Kyryukhin
 * 🇺🇿 Vladimir Radkevich

 * Europe
 * 🇪🇪 Mark Švets
 * 🇧🇬 Ventsislav Hristov
 * 🇱🇻 Aivars Drupass
 * 🇱🇻 Olegs Karavajevs
 * 🇱🇹 Darius Miceika
 * 🇱🇹 Tomas Mikuckis

 * Africa
 * 🇿🇦 MacDonald Mukansi

title: FC SKA-Khabarovsk


text:
Melanie Benjamin (Ojibwe leader)

Melanie Benjamin is chief executive of the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe, a sovereign, federally-recognized American Indian tribal government in the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation in east-central Minnesota, USA.

Biography
Benjamin was originally elected chief executive of the band in 2000, and re-elected in 2004 and 2008. In October 2008, shortly after the start of her third term, she was removed from office following accusations of misappropriation of tribal funds. She was again elected chief executive in 2012 and in 2016. In 2020, Benjamin was again re-elected by the citizens of the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe to her sixth consecutive four-year term. In 2018, Benjamin addressed the Band's opioid crisis and provided harsh comments to traditionally Band-supportive groups on their lack of assistance to the Tribe. In January 2024, Benjamin announced that she would not seek a seventh term in office.

title: Melanie Benjamin (Ojibwe leader)


text:
User:DLEMERGEBM

For my user name I am using my initials. I am an Emergency Physician, and my niche is Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) - hence DLEmergEBM.

title: User:DLEMERGEBM


text:
Švédka

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Swede female native of Sweden

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Swede female native of Sweden

title: Švédka


text:
Mugdab

Mugdab (Мугдаб; Мугъдаб) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tlogobsky Selsoviet, Gunibsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 117 as of 2010.

Geography
Mugdab is located 43 km northwest of Gunib (the district's administrative centre) by road, on the Kunada River. Gazilala and Tloglob are the nearest rural localities.

Nationalities
Avars live there.

title: Mugdab


text:
User:Pervect

Perv, High-tech dimension where Magik and technology are equal. Pervish cooking is one of the worst smells in all the dimensions (besides Gleep's breath). Pervects are short-tempered and disquieting rumors circulate about them, which Pervects encourage so that people don't visit. Don't ever call them Perverts.*

Wiki Links

 * "Wiki: Generic citations"
 * "Wiki: Citing Sources"
 * Hillman on Bell (w errs)
 * Sandbox
 * user contributions

title: User:Pervect


text:
Proslaukha

Proslaukha (Прослауха) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Proslaukhinsky Selsoviet, Bayevsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 457 as of 2013. There are 10 streets.

Geography
Proslaukha is located near the Kulunda River 17 km northeast of Bayevo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kapustinka is the nearest rural locality.

title: Proslaukha


text:
Portal talk:Ancient Greek

Please make sure and cordinate this with the Center for Language Learning (so they can make everyone aware of this offering. You might also note that there are 5 people signed up there interested in learning Greek). The Jade Knight 04:34, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

Hey, I'm interested in taking this class, If you need a hand I did take one class of Anch Greek in college, it's been a while though. Nortonthe1st.

Im interested also, in taking this course, though im only in 9th grade so i dont think i would be able to contribute as much. Noblelover

disappointed
I was very excited when I saw this offering on Wikiversity. My disappointment knew no bounds when I cam to the realization that only lesson 1 had been entered. When can I expect additional lessons?
 * User:JManning seems to be the one creating material for this topic. Until we get more people, everything is coming slowly. You could help him out if you know some stuff on Ancient Greek.--Rayc 00:24, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

Well, like i said before i don't know that much on Greek, but ill be happy to fix grammar or minor mistakes. noblelover

I have been busy with school work and I haven't been able to work on this site as much as I'd like to but hopefully I will get it done eventually. Sorry for the inconvience. Now that I have winter break I want to get done with a few sections. Joseph Manning 04:02, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Good work Joseph! I'm a tiny bit versed in Ancient Greek through studying the Interlinear Greek/English New Testament and I'd like to develop some resources along those lines for Topic:Biblical Studies (which is a bit of a mess so far, imo). It's a good way to see the language in use and also sheds light on the text itself by revealing it in a more original way. Learning to sub-vocalize the language will be a great help. Thanks for chipping away at this hard topic! • CQ 18:51, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

I am happy to see that some of the groundwork has already been laid for this course, but I really think that the overall format of the project should be revamped. I feel that breathings could be included in the alphabet section, and that accents should be covered in a later lesson, since they aren't terribly important until dealing with lyric poetry.PoBoy321 19:58, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

Greek text editor
The person coordinating this course had mentioned having difficulty entering Greek texts into the computer. There's an excellent program called Sibyllai which lets you enter Greek directly into the computer, with diacritics and everything, and the interface is pretty easy to use after a few setup steps. You can download the program for free at the following website:

http://recursos.cnice.mec.es/latingriego/Palladium/5_aps/enplap17.htm

Hope that helps, and keep at it; I think more people will be coming in as soon as you get more lessons up.

Vocabulary and Excersises
The current course is mainly explanation of the grammer and rules etc. this is the most important thing, definitely, but it is also one of the more difficult. i think the course could be greatly improved by a) having excersises with answers as these build confidence in using what has been learnt, and b) building vocabulary and things to translate as this is the most fun part of learning a language. This method is also the one used in most textbooks. There are also several good online sites which students could be directed to such as this one and this oneStoreye 11:12, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

Wikibooks
I think that this material is organized in a way that would make a great Wikibook. Consider using this material to write one? The Jade Knight 05:42, 3 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I think that after the course is completed it could be compiled into a wikibook, and after that, perhaps Wiki's Greek Grammar!PoBoy321 19:59, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

I started working on the wikibook, but it's going fairly slowly since I don't have a lot of time to work on it. I'm hoping to continue organizing it over the course of the summer. Sulpicia (discuss • contribs) 23:38, 6 May 2013 (UTC)

Καινὴ Διαθήκη Λεξικόν
I'm working (playing) with a Καινὴ Διαθήκη Λεξικόν (New Testament Lexicon). The listing is primed with some Common Greek words that are essential for getting a feel for the language and the Greek New Testament. These examples also demonstrate some fundamental disconnects between Modern English and Ancient Greek that lead to quarrels about even basic heuristic interpretations of the New Testament.

Λεξικόν - Lexicon - (Lexicon):
 * κοινωνία - Koinonia (Koinonia)
 * αγάπη - Agape (Agape)
 * ερως - Eros (Eros)
 * φιλία - Philia (Philia)
 * στοργή - Storge (Storge)
 * θέλημα - Thelema (Thelema)

I'll be working on the pages for the next weeks/months/years. Like the user above came to realize, we can't expect these learning projects to move swiftly, but any interest, feedback or critique will be welcomed. • CQ 03:26, 6 July 2009 (UTC)

Typing Greek text.
You can type Greek text without downloading anything or chaning your keyboard. All you need to do is: Hope this helps. Auxiliary 11:37, 3 September 2009 (UTC)
 * 1) Open control panel from the start menu
 * 2) Open the file called "Regional and Language"
 * 3) Click the "Keyboards and Languages" tab
 * 4) Click the "Change keyboards..." button
 * 5) Click the "Add" button to add a keyboard
 * 6) Find the division "Greek"
 * 7) After clicking "Greek" you will see a number of different keyboard layouts. Click "Greek Polytonic"
 * 8) Click "OK"
 * 9) Your done, you now should be able to type Greek text. To change between your current language and Greek all you now need to do is hold Shift + Alt to swap between lanugages.
 * You should probably make this a subpage of the project and link to it from the main page. More easy to find that way.  The Jade Knight (d'viser) 02:03, 4 September 2009 (UTC)

Anyone here?
Hey there, I'm currently studying greek in university and these pages were a great help to me earlier on. I'd love to contribute but I would like to check if anyone is still watching these pages?

 * Be bold! -- Dave Braunschweig (discuss • contribs) 01:31, 5 January 2019 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Ancient Greek


text:
Wikiversity talk:FAQ/Editing

Help at meta
See m:Help:Editing for now CQ 02:23, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

something missing?
"Please look in the box on the right"?

Comments

 * When I browse the math section, I see the formula in plain text (Tex repeated) instead of redered math. Do I need to adjust something in my preferences or elsewhere? --tomaschwutz 21:12, 19 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I do not understand the mouse hovering template. When I follow the link I get only displayed. --tomaschwutz 21:17, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

ME!!!
Vanille means "vanilla" in French...yes I'm half Thai/French. Since it's a French name most of people have trouble pronouncing my name and would just call me by my nickname instead.

Edit request from Themadhatter3269, 6 December 2011
In the first table 'Basic Text Formatting' in Row 4 'External Links', the links used to represent link to a section do not work. The link text should probably read a section of a page instead of a section of a page. The same code is used for the link in the third column and hence needs editing, too.

Themadhatter3269 21:24, 6 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi there. Sorry it took so long to get to this. I think it is possible to make those edits without custodial rights. I think I made the changes you wanted? --HappyCamper 05:15, 16 December 2011 (UTC)

Templates and Transclusion
I'd like to see two improvements on this page related to Templates and Transclusion. The first would be to link to Help:Transclusion. When I first started editing articles, it wasn't clear what transclusion was. The second would be to add some type of explanation better describing transclusion vs. templates. Transclusion itself is simply including text from another page in the current page. This does not require the use of a template. It can be accomplished with. Templates are a combination of transclusion and template processing that allows for reuse through replaceable parameters and other functionality. There are many pages in the template namespace that would be better positioned as pages within their associated learning project and transcluded using the : syntax. -- Dave Braunschweig (talk) 17:04, 27 December 2012 (UTC)

Why categorized as FAQ?
I can see it was moved from Help:Editing by Dark Obsidian in 2009. A FAQ is most often listed as questions and answers, but that's not the case on this page, so I would rather categorize it as a normal help page. The main FAQ page is "correct", so I can't see why this subpage should be different. I haven't looked for other subpages or resources about this question, so I jut ask if someone have some arguments for why this should be a FAQ? Otherwise I will suggest it will be moved back under Help:Editing. /Patrik Näsfors (discuss • contribs) 23:26, 13 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity talk:FAQ/Editing


text:
Rambo (1987 video game)

Rambo is a side-scrolling action-adventure video game produced by Pack-In-Video for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). It was released on December 4, 1987 in Japan, and May 1988 in North America. It is based on the film Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985). The game sold 600,000 copies.

Gameplay
The game starts off with Colonel Trautman asking Rambo whether or not he wants to leave the prison and start the mission. Players are given a choice, but cannot advance in the game unless "yes" is chosen. Players advance through the camp and talk to others, and when talking to Trautman again, he tells Rambo the mission. Rambo then drops into the forest and fights spiders and other forest creatures. Bosses include giant spiders and helicopters. The game has similar gameplay to Zelda II: The Adventure of Link. In the Japanese version, the experience meter is replaced by an anger meter; however, it functions exactly the same.

Later in the game, Rambo picks up an arsenal of weapons and fights enemy soldiers.

The ending sequence allows the player to throw a giant kanji character (怒, Ikari:Anger) towards Murdock after returning to the base, which inexplicably turns Murdock into a frog.

Release
In a 1998 interview, Acclaim co-founder Greg Fischbach said Rambo helped bring home to Acclaim the importance of licensing: "I remember having a conversation with a buyer for a large chain of retail stores, and we would bring him titles like Wizards & Warriors, and he would say, 'No, I don't want it. You bring me a name I recognize and I'll buy your title.' So we brought him Rambo and he put it in his release schedule. Now, Rambo was not as good a game as Wizards & Warriors, but that was the way he worked, and we had to deal with that."

title: Rambo (1987 video game)


text:
Under the Iron Sea

Under the Iron Sea is the second studio album by the English rock band Keane, released on 12 June 2006. During its first week on sale in the UK, the album opened at number one, selling 222,297 copies according to figures from the Official Chart Company. In the United States, the album debuted at number four on the Billboard 200, selling 75,000 copies in its first week there. Since its release, the album has sold over three million copies worldwide.

The band describes Under the Iron Sea as a progression from Hopes and Fears, with electronic influences, and as a "sinister fairytale-world-gone-wrong".

Background and development
After the release of their debut album, Hopes and Fears, Keane embarked upon a world tour, which reached virtually all Europe and North America and which concluded in October 2005. As seen on Strangers, the band had been having trouble since the middle of 2004, shortly after the release of the debut. "Hamburg Song", composed circa August 2004, deals with the strained relationship between singer Tom Chaplin and pianist Tim Rice-Oxley. During the tour, Rice-Oxley kept composing new songs that would later appear on future releases, such as the B-sides "Let It Slide" and "Thin Air". According to Chaplin, Rice-Oxley had composed at least 50 tracks as of April 2006.

The name of the album is based on a lyric in the track "Crystal Ball", which reads "I've lost my heart, I buried it too deep, under the Iron Sea". It also shares its title with the eighth track, "The Iron Sea", Keane's first instrumental piece. The "Iron Sea" is the metaphorical name for the group's (especially Rice-Oxley's) preoccupations about their uncertain future and the sudden fame they had to deal with.

The album's title was announced by a handwritten note, signed by the entire band, reading: Hello everyone, we just wanted to let you know that our new album is called "under the iron sea" and will be out on June 12th. Tom Tim Rich

"Nothing in My Way" (previously known as "Nothing in Your Way"), "Try Again" and "Hamburg Song" debuted between late 2004 and 2005 during the Hopes and Fears Tour. The latter two songs made their first appearance on Strangers, still in demo versions, while the first only appeared until the album's release. The first three singles, "Atlantic", "Is It Any Wonder?" and "Crystal Ball", were premiered at a secret gig in London on 5 April.

Notable changes from the previous releases by Keane during the Hopes and Fears era are the typeface and style of the cover art. Sanna Annukka, an artist from Brighton, designed the cover art for the album and its singles. The typeface changed from the "Cochin" typeface used on the 2004 and 2005 releases. The newer font was specially designed for Keane (but no specific name for the font was given apart from the "UTIS" fan-name).

Release and promotion
The first pre-release before the album was "Atlantic", which was issued as a download-only music video single on 25 April, featuring a specially extended version of the song incorporating the outro from album track "The Iron Sea". Irvine Welsh, author of the novel Trainspotting, directed the video, which was filmed in black and white on a remote Sussex beach, and did not feature the band. "Is It Any Wonder?" followed as the first single proper on 29 May. Its video was directed by Kevin Godley, best known for his work on music videos for The Police and Duran Duran in the mid-1980s.

The record was released on 12 June 2006 internationally. However, the album was accidentally put on sale for a few hours on 2 June 2006 by Apple Computer's Belgian iTunes Music Store. A US edition of the album eventually leaked in its entirety to file-sharing networks on 5 June 2006, and the Mexican edition was released early on 9 June.

The release was accompanied by a bonus DVD with a book-shaped cover representing a fairy-tale story, with drawings on the inner pages.

Reception
Under the Iron Sea received generally favourable reviews from critics. Review aggregating website Metacritic reports a normalised score of 63/100, based on 24 reviews, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.

In 2008, Under the Iron Sea was voted the 8th best British album of all time by a poll conducted by Q Magazine and HMV.

Videos

 * 1) Recording Under the Iron Sea – 23:55
 * 2) Short film set to an extended version of "Atlantic" – 6:01
 * 3) "Is It Any Wonder?" (video) – 3:01
 * 4) Making the Is It Any Wonder? Video – 7:50

Works in progress

 * 1) "Atlantic" (demo 29 January 2005) – 4:15
 * 2) "Is It Any Wonder?" (demo 31 March 2005) – 2:58
 * 3) "Nothing in My Way" (live from Aragon Theater, Chicago 19 May 2005) – 4:10
 * 4) "Leaving So Soon?" (demo 29 October 2005)
 * 5) "A Bad Dream" (demo 7 July 2005)
 * 6) "Hamburg Song" (live from Aragon Theater, Chicago 19 May 2005)
 * 7) "Put It Behind You" (demo 9 January 2005)
 * 8) "The Iron Sea" (Helioscentric recording session 9 April 2005)
 * 9) "Crystal Ball" (demo 7 July 2005)
 * 10) "Try Again" (live from Aragon Theater, Chicago 19 May 2005)
 * 11) "Broken Toy" (demo 30 August 2005) – 5:39
 * 12) "The Frog Prince" (demo 7 July 2005) – 3:44

Latin American tour edition bonus DVD

 * 1) "Atlantic" (video)
 * 2) "Is It Any Wonder?" (video)
 * 3) "Crystal Ball" (video)
 * 4) "Nothing in My Way" (video)
 * 5) "A Bad Dream" (video)
 * 6) The Making of 'Is It Any Wonder?' (video)

Taiwanese limited edition bonus DVD

 * 1) "Is It Any Wonder?" (video)
 * 2) "Crystal Ball" (band version)
 * 3) "Nothing in My Way" (video)
 * 4) "Atlantic" (video)
 * 5) The Making of 'Is It Any Wonder?' (video)

Hidden content
Inserting the CD whilst on the band's allows one to unlock exclusive content including:
 * Original demo of "Atlantic"
 * A live recording of "Is It Any Wonder?"
 * Live video footage of "Atlantic" from the show at ULU
 * A free ringtone of "The Iron Sea" for mobile download (UK consumers only)
 * Wallpaper images
 * An exclusive Keane screensaver

Track information
"Atlantic" "Atlantic" was the first single off the album, released as a download video. It was featured in the TV series CSI: NY in the eighth episode of the third season, "Consequences".

"Is It Any Wonder?" "Is It Any Wonder" is the only Keane song completely composed using distortion piano effects pedals.

"Nothing in My Way" The song was released as the fourth single from the album. It was previously called "Nothing in Your Way".

"Leaving So Soon?"

"Leaving So Soon?" was the last song composed for the album, in 2005. The song is considered a fan favourite and it is the Keane song with the third highest tempo to date (144 bpm), next to "You Haven't Told Me Anything" (152 bpm) on the band's next album Perfect Symmetry and "On the Road" (157 bpm) from their fourth album, Strangeland.

"A Bad Dream" This song was released as the last single from the album in early 2007.

"Hamburg Song"

"Hamburg Song" is the only organ-voice Keane song to date. The song is about Rice-Oxley's troubles with Tom Chaplin and how he feels. The song was premiered on 20 October 2004 as a demo. The final version was slowed down and the organ sound was changed a little. It does not feature drums but a few ride crashes on the outro.

"Put It Behind You"

Composed in mid-2004 after Richard's break-up with his girlfriend. The song was first mentioned on Strangers by Rice-Oxley. A demo version of this song is included on the Under the Iron Sea DVD. During live performances of this song, the three members of the band sing on the main chorus, contrary to the album version, in which Hughes does not sing.

"The Iron Sea"

Rice-Oxley composed the track in 2004, and it appears as a demo on Strangers, with Tim playing it at Helioscentric Studios. On the UK version, "The Iron Sea" is the eighth track but on the international version it is a hidden track after "Put It Behind You". The outro was also used on the single version of "Atlantic". The place where the track title should be on the CD track list is marked as a change in the font colour (from dark blue to royal blue).

"Crystal Ball" This song was the third single released, charting at number 20.

"Try Again" The song was released only in Germany as the sixth single from the album, in a three-CD maxi-single format.

"Broken Toy"

This is the longest song recorded by Keane on any of their releases, at 6:07 in length (the longest song recorded is the rare track "The Happy Soldier" at 7:43).

"The Frog Prince" The closing track was a song written about another musician who Rice-Oxley described as 'talented, but very arrogant'. It has been suggested the musician is Johnny Borrell from the band Razorlight.

Personnel
Keane
 * Tom Chaplin – lead vocals, organ, piano, guitar
 * Tim Rice-Oxley – piano, bass guitar, keyboards, synthesizers, composition, backing vocals
 * Richard Hughes – drums, percussion

Additional personnel
 * Andy Green – production, programming and engineering
 * Julian Willmott – additional engineering and Pro Tools editing
 * Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing
 * Alex Dromgoole – mixing assistance
 * David Emery – additional mixing assistance
 * Ted Jensen – mastering (at Sterling Sound)
 * Sanna Annukka – cover design
 * Richard Andrews – art direction (for Big Active)
 * Gerard Saint – art direction (for Big Active)

title: Under the Iron Sea


text:
Talk:Denis O'Hare

Denis O’Hare is my dad

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"Podcasts"/Audio
Don't know if it's noteworthy enough but Mr. O'Hare has done some audio work as well. Eg. Darkest Night on AMC's "Shudder" offering. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:04, 18 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Denis O'Hare


text:
account for

Verb

 * 1)  To explain by relating circumstances; to show that some one, thing or members of a group are present or have been processed.
 * , Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Dancing Men”, in The Return of Sherlock Holmes, W. R. Caldwell & Co. (1905), page 78:
 * “ But there are still four cartridges in the revolver. Two have been fired and two wounds inflicted, so that each bullet can be accounted for.”
 * 1)  To be the primary cause of
 * 2)  To constitute in amount or portion.
 * 3)  To make or render a reckoning of funds, persons, or things.
 * 4)  To be answerable for.
 * 5)  To destroy or put out of action.
 * 6)  To kill, as in hunting.
 * He accounted for two deer today.
 * 1)  To make or render a reckoning of funds, persons, or things.
 * 2)  To be answerable for.
 * 3)  To destroy or put out of action.
 * 4)  To kill, as in hunting.
 * He accounted for two deer today.
 * 1)  To kill, as in hunting.
 * He accounted for two deer today.
 * 1)  To kill, as in hunting.
 * He accounted for two deer today.

Derived terms

 * there's no accounting for taste

Translations

 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:, , rendere conto
 * Portuguese: prestar conta, prestar contas
 * Yucatec Maya: tsoolik

 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Yucatec Maya: tsoolik

 * Dutch:, meetellen voor
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Indonesian: terhitung sekitar
 * Italian: ,
 * Yucatec Maya: tsoolik

 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian:

 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian: ,

 * Finnish:

title: account for


text:
Laneham

Laneham is a village and civil parish on the banks of the River Trent in Bassetlaw District in Nottinghamshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2021 census was 392. It is 13 mi due west of Lincoln and 8 mi east of Retford.

Geography
The Parish of Laneham had a total population of 279 people at the 2001 census, at the 2011 census was 312 people, and in 2021 the count grew to 392, approaching the 410 people who lived in the village in 1851. The parish covers an area of 1618 acre, and includes the two settlements of "Town" Laneham and "Church" Laneham, separated by the village beck and a short stretch of low-lying ground. The eastern boundary is formed by the River Trent. Prior to 1884, the parish included 155 acre of land used for parture on the eastern bank of the Trent, but most of this was transferred to the parish of Kettlethorpe. Communication to the east was once easier, as a ferry crossed the river here until 1922. The ferry had a very long history, since a list of stock held by the manor in 1388 included two gangways, which were used by passengers boarding the ferry. The last known ferryman was William Johnson.

In earlier times the parish suffered some flooding from the Trent and the village beck, but the situation was improved by an Act of 1768–9 which set up drainage commissioners who were to protect Laneham and several other villages from flooding and improve the drainage of the land.

Periodic flooding by the Trent caused problems with the supply of fresh water for drinking from wells. This led to the unusual arrangement where wells at Church Laneham were sunk into the top of the flood bank.

Infrastructure
There are a number of listed buildings in the village, including Manor Farmhouse, with three bays and two storeys, built in the early nineteenth century, and Binge Farmhouse, with five bays and two storeys, together with a basement and garret, built in the middle eighteenth century. Willow Tree Cottage is a single-storeyed eighteenth-century building with three bays and an attic, while Willow Tree Farmhouse is an L-shaped building, consisting of a seventeenth-century gable-ended wing and a nineteenth-century wing. As a result of the influence of the enclosure movement, the village prospered, and this is reflected in the substantial farmhouses and the well-ordered field system surrounding the village. Laneham was enclosed by Act of Parliament in 1772, the 12th year of George III's reign; the enclosure involved 1,073 of the parish's then 1589 acre. Enclosure was first mentioned in October 1767, but it was another five years until an Act was obtained. There was local opposition to the idea of enclosure, but it is unclear how many people were involved, as the opposition is listed as property on which it was assessed, and consisted of 9 messuages and cottages, 83 acres of enclosed ground, 129 acres of open arable and meadow, and 52 beastgates. No breakdown of who owned this property exists.

The village had three public houses: The Butchers Arms (demolished 2009–10), The Ferryboat, and the Ring o' Bells which stood on the site of the present senior citizens' bungalows. The Ferryboat Inn continues to operate as a free house in Church Laneham under new ownership following a period of closure in 2019. A village hall makes use of the former school building. The Parish Church of St. Peter remains open, and is a grade I listed building. Various parts were constructed in the 12th, 13th, 14th and 15th centuries. It was restored in 1891, and the porch was renovated in 1932. The church is the focal point of Church Laneham; it is built on a small knoll above the river and contains a large, elaborate alabaster memorial to Ellis Markham and his son Jervase, which dates from 1636.

A small, disused Methodist chapel still stands in the village. A Laneham Methodist congregation was first recorded in the Society Book of the Epworth Circuit in 1799. The chapel was erected in 1834, and renovations to it were carried out in 1884.

Church Laneham has two caravan sites. Manor Park which has a residential park home & holiday static caravans operating from March to the end of October. Trentfield Farm caters for Caravans, Motorhomes & Tents. This is a popular site with families with its close proximity to Lincoln, Sherwood Forest, Clumber Park and Sundown adventureland.Trentfield Farm Website

Schools
Laneham had a school in Tudor times since biographical records indicate that Gervase Markham attended it for four years before going to Cambridge. A Government report of 1809 said there was no school in the village but by 1832 a street directory recorded the presence of a schoolmaster. The Government report of 1835 listed two daily schools, one for boys with 28 pupils and one for girls with 20 pupils; both of these were fee-paying. In the early 1830s a Mrs Lackenby ran a girls boarding school; she sued for non-payment of fees and lost and 1834. In 1844 a school was built at Dunham-on-Trent to serve five parishes.

In 1853 John Pickwell, later described as 'farmer and carrier', was stated to be the occupier of a three acre orchard but also a 'school room, garden and outbuildings.' Pickwell later lived at White Villa in Rampton Road.

There was no school in the 1860s, when local children were having to go to Dunham, as is the case now.

Charities
Information about village charities is displayed in the church and hall. The Laneham poor charity has existed since at least 1700. In that year four Laneham men 'surrendered' a close of about two acres, the revenues of this being used to feed the poor of the parish. Every three years this land was put up for rental on Easter Monday, yielding around £11 6s a year in 1827. The money was paid to the Overseer of the Poor who then commissioned a village baker to provide two shillings worth of bread every Sunday, to be given out as penny and twopenny loaves at the Church. This only cost £5-5-0d a year, so the rest was used to buy coal for the poor.

During the 1820s the Overseer was also receiving 13s from the occupier of three closes in Laneham which belonged to the Vicar of Applethorpe, but no one knew how this arose. More money came from the bequest of William Skelton, who had left £20 for the poor of Laneham. Half of this had been 'vested' in a Rampton farmer, Elizabeth Draper, who paid 10 shillings a year interest; the other half was vested in John Popple, who paid nothing until his death in 1815 when Mrs Anne Warrener took the capital and started to pay out. A woman called Sarah Fillingham also left a close called Clay Half to provide 20 shillings a year for distribution to 'honest widows'.

The population of the village in 1811 was 337, and in 1815, 25 of these were officially "poor", representing 7.42 per cent of the population. This was slightly higher than the 6.96 per cent average for Nottinghamshire at the time.

Archbishop of York's estate and palace
The archbishops of Canterbury held Laneham Manor from an early date, certainly by the time of the 1086 Domesday Book, when 100 acres of pasture at Newton were said to belong to the Archbishop's manor. One who seems to have benefited was William of Laneham who was on the Archbishop's staff in the early 1200s and became Archdeacon of Durham by 1224. William was Prebendary of Bole by 1212 and Archdeacon of Durham by 1224 but in October 1243 'some men were imprisoned at York under suspicion of being concerned in his death.'

King Henry III stayed at Laneham on 3 October 1255 and King Edward I on 15–16 April 1303. Edward then travelled by boat to Beverley.

Thomas de Corbridge, Archbishop of York, decided to spend the summer months in his residence at Laneham in July 1303, to which he presumably travelled by water. However, while staying in the village he became ill and died on 22 September. He was known as a hard-working archbishop and was still handling his business until five days before his death. His body was taken to Southwell for burial, presumably again by water, with most of his final journey being via the Trent. The archdiocese of York properties of Laneham, Scrooby and Askham were leased to Samuel Sandys by his father, Archbishop Sandys, just before his death in 1588 and reputedly on advantageous terms. During the Parliamentary era in 1647 the Manor of Laneham was sold to Robert Sweete and Anthony Markeham for £647, though such sales were commonly negated after the Restoration. The Sandys family retained an interest in the Laneham manor for several generations and in 1663 it was held by John Sandys 'of Laneham' and Francis Sandys 'of Scrooby.' There are old references to the remains of a moat from the palace, but these were apparently ploughed out in the 1970s.

Archaeological studies have considered how 'Town Laneham' was laid out by the archbishops as a commercial venture. It has been suggested this involved realigning the main road through the area as Main Street. Evidence of a former road way can be seen alongside the public footpath which connects Rampton Road with Broadings Lane, immediately behind Top Farm.

The Markham Memorial

An old family history of the Markham family ('Markham Memorials vol 1' by Sir Clements Markham, 1913) sheds interesting light on the two Markhams who kneel facing the east in Laneham church, and have done so for hundreds of years.

At the front is Ellis Markham (c1515-1578) who was the grandson of a famous Lord Chief Justice. He had a career as an administrator, both with the Duchy of Lancaster-based around Ripon and in the household of the Archbishop of York. In 1536 he was working for Archbishop Lee and played a minor role in organising matters during the Lincolnshire Rebellion against the policies of Henry VIII. But by 1547 he was described as being in the household of Queen Catherine Parr which would indicate strong Protestant leanings. He was elected an MP in 1555-7 but Markham achieved some notoriety when Mary I gave him the job of investigating the financial affairs of the disgraced Archbishop Holgate. He gathered in all sorts of treasure and finery at Cawood – to the extent that the next archbishop under Queen Elizabeth tried to sue him for damages.

Ellis Markham had two sons – Gervase and Jerome. The boys apparently went to school in Laneham, and then to Cambridge – Jerome arriving there at the age of 16 in 1576. However, by the 1583 the Markhams were embroiled in a bitter dispute with a ruffian named George Nowell, and Nowell called the Markhams out for a duel.

This was at Edward Stanhope's house, probably at Shelford east of Nottingham – the Stanhopes were earls of Chesterfield eventually. Jerome accepted the challenge although Edmund Elvois said, 'Alas, Jerome is a very young man and without experience in any fray.' They went out into the fields and Noel attacked Jerome, breaking his sword; with his opponent defenceless, Noel proceeded to kill him in an act which many saw as murder. He was buried in Nottingham. Edmund Elvois may well have been the Askham man whose name was usually spelt 'Helwys', and father of Thomas Helwys the Baptist pioneer who paid for the 'Pilgrims' to go to Holland. Noel was a braggart and a bully, with a whole string of local quarrels including with George Lassells at Sturton. Soon afterwards someone spoke up for Noel at a meeting in the archbishop's palace at Southwell, nearly causing another quarrel as the Markhams reacted angrily.

Jerome's brother Gervase lived on but he lived anything but a good life – with a reputation for seducing wenches and stockpiling treasure. Gervase had some success as a soldier and returned home to live mainly at Dunham on Trent. He was known to be the 'gallant' of the Countess of Shrewsbury, a term that was clearly meant to imply more than knightly devotion. He was described as 'a proper handsome gentleman, and of great courage'.

In 1616 Markham was involved in somewhat scandalous legal dispute with Lord Darcy, following an incident with the noble Lord's dog whilst they were both at a hunting event. After this he got involved in a dispute between Sir John Holles and the Stanhope family, as a result of which Holles accused him of 'lying like a villain.' Markham took this as a challenge to a duel, which he offered to fight in Worksop Park – territory of one of Holles' enemies, so Holles declined. Markham took this as a 'refusal'. However the two men met by chance in Sherwood Forect and Holles declared he would 'spoil' Markham; they duelled with rapiers, and Holles ran through Markham 'through the middle of the guts and up to the hilt, and out behind toward the small of the back.’

This incident almost led to full-scale battle between Holles' men and those of Markham's friends, but Markham survived. Apparently he rashly swore to never eat supper or take the sacrament until he had gained revenge – but never did manage to! Despite his poor reputation, in 1625 Markham was Sheriff of Nottinghamshire with lands at Laneham and Dunham. While he was away from his home at Dunham one day, two youths who were reputed to be his 'bastards' robbed his house of property worth £5000 – at least £800,000 today. Perhaps to evade capture, the youths buried their treasure in Gamston Woods. In 1627, when he was elderly and bedridden, one of the Holles family ordered his home to be searched for a fugitive catholic priest. This was widely interpreted as the action of someone denouncing Markham for reasons of a grudge, and the vicar of Dunham certified that he had routinely attended his parish church.

He cannot have been that ill in 1625 as he was still alive in 1636, though living the life of a miser. He was spending £40 a year though his income from land was £800 and he had £40,000 in money – so a substantial millionaire in today's values. Markham had no family and refused to acknowledge any of his extramarital offspring, so spent it on no-one. Despite this he refused to pay the king's new tax, Ship Money, and was ordered to be arrested. The vicar had to certify that he was too ill to travel to London, reporting that he had taken communion in his bed for many years – so perhaps he had given up on his vengeance vow!

He died in 1637, old and crippled, and was buried in Laneham church beneath an effigy of himself as a young and handsome man that had been there many years already, presumably commissioned by his father.

Historical events
One of the earliest Laneham events we know of is that William, son of Walter le Pyndere of 'Lanum', was imprisoned and charged for the death of Adam le Paulyn in 1284. However, apart from that 'he has letters to the sheriff of Nottingham to bail him' we know no more of his fate. As a reminder of how close Laneham was to Sherwood at that time, Roger de Lanum was imprisoned in 1286 for 'trespass of venison' in 'Shirewood forest.'

In 1315 the people of Dunham on Trent were ordered to surrender those who had taken the Archbishop of York's swans from Laneham. Another known event in Laneham is one of the first legal cases involving a 'carrier', i.e. someone responsible for transporting another person or their goods. In 1346 William, a ferryman at Laneham, took a man named Richard, his horse and his goods across the river by ferry. However, he only took them part of the way, because William threw the horse and goods into the river. Possibly this was because the ferry was overloaded and they were all at risk of drowning (as in another case a couple of years later) but we know William's conduct 'inflicted other enormities to the grave damage and against the peace'. Damages to Richard’s property amounted to 40 marks.

Little is yet been found about Laneham having a role in civil administration, but it is known that at least one major 'trial' was held in the village. Thomas Hancock was the Puritan vicar of Headon from 1605 to 1623, arriving from Elkesley. In 1620 he was fined "6d for riot", at a special sessions in Laneham to try 26 people indicted for riotous assault. Hancock had something of a record for challenging the establishment, having also been one of the Puritan curates sheltered by the Brewsters at Scrooby in the 1590s when he had conducted the apparently illegal wedding of another cleric, Robert Southworth.

In the Stuart era William Tirwhitt (or Tyrwhitt) was a landowner in the village. He died in 1642 and by 1648 his Laneham lands were sequestered due to his being 'a delinquent Papist' and a 'Papist in arms' but they were restored after the Restoration.

There also seem to have been a few Quakers in the village. Although he was licensed to hold a Quaker meeting at his house, in 1689 Gervase Harrison was prosecuted at the ecclesiastical court following an action by Richard Bradley, vicar of Laneham, for not paying the sum of 6d each for three communicants in his household. Harrison did not appear to answer the case and was committed to Nottingham Gaol for nine weeks, including two weeks in one of its nefarious dungeons. From 1689 William Bartrupp was also licensed to hold a nonconformist meeting. In 1707 John Parker was prosecuted for non-payment of tithes, a typical Quaker offence.

In 1810 the church tower was rebuilt after being struck by lightning, and four bells added at a cost of £800. According to a Church of England report at the time, efforts to raise funds for this locally failed 'as the parishioners are too poor.'

According to the Notts Guardian in 1865 there was a grave in the churchyard for James Penant, a blacksmith, who died on 27 May 1763, with the inscription:

 * My tongs and hammer I've declined
 * My bellows they have lost their wind
 * My fires extinct my forge decayed
 * And in the dust my vice is laid
 * My coals are spent my iron gone
 * My nails are drove my work is done.

Only a few parts of this text are still legible.

In 1818 the village butcher, John Cooling, was dying from 'a tedious illness.' His wife decided to pray for him: 'While on her knees offering her last service to the Supreme Being for her dying husband, about one o'clock in the morning, she was seized with a fit and died, in a few minutes.' Her husband then died about eight o' clock the next morning. 'They were both interred in one grave the following Monday.'

One Laneham event that received coverage in a huge number of newspapers in 1837 was the funeral of the so-called 'King of the Gypsies', Andrew Boswell. How far he was a king may be open to debate, for he died with only an ass, a fiddle and three half-pence in pockets. However an entirely different story was told in press coverage on the death of his 'Queen', Sarah Boswell, aged 93 in 1838. This report stated that Andrew Boswell had died at Bestwood Park in 1835 and had been buried at Eastwood. Sarah Boswell died at Nottingham Union Hospital.

The poverty of Laneham's former curate was reported in the news in 1842 when a return for Robert Peel's new income tax was sent back from the village with the following verse attached:

 * There's nothing here but poverty,
 * Scottish rags and hunger;
 * If Sir Robert Peel has sent you here
 * Surely it was in anger.

The writer was Rev. John Irvine, a Scottish man who had taken on the curacy of both Laneham and Rampton for the 'shamefully small' stipend of £50 a year. At that time it was quite common for a parish to have a vicar or rector – usually well-connected – who drew the income and paid a small portion of it to a less well-connected clergyman to act as curate and do most of the work. After a year or two Irvine had to give up the role at Rampton (we do not know why) and was reduced to just the Laneham role, for which he was paid 10 shillings (£0.50) a week, so his pay was little more than that of an agricultural labourer. When Laneham's rector died, Irvine felt he had a strong claim on the senior position and unsuccessfully petitioned the patron of the benefice, the Dean and Chapter of York, for the place.

To make ends meet, Irvine was forced to open a parish school where he could charge parents for the education of their children, but clearly this produced only a small income for him. Government records show a school opened in 1829 for eleven pupils, although from 1833 there was also a Sunday School for twenty-four pupils, funded by Mr J Wright.

Some of the vicars of Laneham were also interesting. In 1764 John Welch was "not able to do any duty, being a little insane". In 1842 Edmund Wallis died, having been vicar for 60 years; this perhaps explains some aspects of Irvine's story.

A few minor crimes received press coverage, giving an insight into Laneham life in the past. In 1839 two women 'had words' in the street and then took to blows in a 'desperate encounter', which ended with one apparently at death's door. In 1843 at harvest the locals mixed with Irish itinerant workers in one of the village inns, but hostility was bubbling under the surface; Charles Parr, Thomas Lane and other local 'ruffians' were found 'absolutely roasting' a young Irish reaper on the fire of the inn until its landlord intervened.

Noteworthy Persons
The famous Sibthorpe of Lincoln originated from Laneham, where they had lived since the early sixteenth century. John Sibthorpe (1669-1718) was the first of the family to become an MP for Lincoln and it was his father who had decided to move from Laneham. Charles Sibthorp became one of the most notorious MPs in the country.

John Norwood was born in Laneham on 30th March 1879. His father died early and to reduce the burden on his mother, his uncle paid for him to emigrate to New York. He worked as a farmhand with his uncle until his talents became so obvious that he paid for him to attend Alfred College, later Alfred University. This began a successful academic career which included being the Peter White Fellow in American History at the University of Michigan and culminated with being made President of Alfred College.

In 1907 William and Eliza Woolas, who had lived for sixty years in a 'little white cottage in Rampton Lane', were celebrated as the longest-married couple in England at seventy one years. They had married at Laneham on 20 April 1836 and a celebration was held in the same church. Woolas was a boatman who brought gravel for the building of Dunham Bridge and had delivered goods in the building of the railway at Cottam. Mrs Woolas claimed to be the first person to have crossed the Trent by the new Dunham Bridge, crossing the 'gap' by a sixteen inch batten on a Sunday. Mrs Woolas at least died a few months later at East Retford, aged ninety.

Rev S S Skene, a former vicar, was notable for having seven sons who all entered the Church of England ministry themselves, while his daughter married a clergyman in a service held at Laneham. A picture of all the clergy members of the family can still be seen in the church. Skene is unusual in having been a Moravian missionary in the West Indies before joining the Church of England; his own father had been Steward of the Fetter Lane Congregation.

River Tragedies
There are many examples of tragic deaths in the River Trent or the beck. In 1842 Benjamin Whittaker, son of the Ferryboat Inn landlord, drowned near the Laughterton bank after a sudden squall. In 1874, a boat captain left his wife in charge of his boat moored in the middle of the Trent at Willow Holt while going to meet a relative. His wife allowed her small son and daughter to play in a small boat or 'drag'. The boy fell in, the mother also fell in while trying to rescue him, and both were drowned.

In 1906 John Milner, a Yorkshire miner, was staying in lodgings at Mrs Poole's house. He spent a night drinking with friends at the 'Ferryboat' but on his way back in the dark went missing. His footsteps were found leading down the bank into the beck and he was found drowned, with cigar still in hand.

Local boys made good
Laneham boys George Warriner and Enoch Hodgkinson left the village in the later 1700s for a career in London, where they became successful retail drapers with a shop at 124 New Bond Street. In 1788 two women were transported to Australia for seven years after being caught 'shoplifting' from the 'expensive' shop they ran.

George (1745-1822) was born in Laneham to parents who married in the village in 1739. In London, he bought a nice house in Lisson Grove. Having made his fortune, Warriner then reinvented himself as a country gentleman. He married a lady named Elizabeth and bought a small estate at Bloxham in 1797, Oxfordshire. In 1812 the area was visited by the famous agricultural author Arthur Young, who was impressed by the modern farming techniques in use on the estate. Warriner had a son, named Enoch Hodgkinson Warriner after his friend, who went to Oxford and became a clergyman at Footscray in Kent; Mrs Warriner's letters to her son are preserved in the National Archives. Bloxham stayed in the Warriner family until 1915 but his great grandson Henry inherited the Weston Park estate of the Earl of Camperdown, for whom he had been gamekeeper. Perhaps George's most enduring memorial is actually the secondary school in Bloxham, which is called the Warriner School.

Enoch is less easy to trace but he had an active business career as well as the drapery side. He was a director of the Hand in Hand Fire Office, an insurance company, and owned properties at Blackfriars Bridge and Child's Hill, Middlesex. He was living 'above the shop' in 1773 and later in Stamford Street. Both he and George were supporters of the Lock Charity Hospital in London. He died in May 1810 at Stamford Street, aged 77. Hodkinson seems to have been a noted supporter of various charities including for poor clergymen and imprisoned debtors.

Suspected murder cases
Laneham hit the headlines in December 1845 with the death of farmer Robert Draper. Draper, the oldest son of a wealthy Rampton farmer, had been born in 1776 and moved to the village after the breakdown of his marriage. He married in 1812 but very soon split from his wife; his wife sued for restitution of conjugal rights in 1838 but lost the case - it having taken her a very long time to bring one! (The Jurist, Volume 1, p. 872) Most of the farm was left to Draper's younger brother Jonathan but he died in 1835 and Robert moved to a better house, probably Top Farm, where he began to farm 70 acres with the help of a labourer named Troop (also reported as 'Hood').

Draper was an eccentric collector of old coins, swords, pistols and watches. "For anything that might take his fancy, he was not particular as to the price he might pay," The Times noted after his death. At 8pm every night he would lock himself into his sitting room with his chronometers and a book, staying up all night until the villagers got up at 6am; if he heard a noise outside, he would fire his pistols through an 'aperture' in the window.

In 1844 he took in a servant girl, Harriet Trevor, from Ingham in Lincolnshire. She it was who reported that she had got up one morning to find all the doors locked, but had spied him on his hands and knees in the sitting room. She and Hood lay him down, but took several days to summon Mr Oliver, the surgeon. Oliver could do little to stop his death, but did notice he had bumped his head.

Draper was buried in Laneham church, after which the trustees of his will noticed property missing. By this time Harriet Trevor had gone home, but she was traced and her possessions searched – she had £40, an enormous sum for a servant girl. A gold chain was found stitched 'inside her stays'. She confessed that she and Hood had robbed Draper, so Hood's cottage was searched and more property found hidden in a stocking. Then a witness recalled Draper's head had seemed 'soft and boggy' on one side. It was decided to exhume him.

The body was dug up and placed in 'an empty tenement' near the church while the coroner's inquest – with a jury – met at the Butcher's Arms. Viewing the corpse was unpleasant – "the stench was awful and the colour of the face as black as that of an Indian. The beard had grown considerably and was covered with a kind of blue mould," The Times noted. The surgeon told the inquest that marks to the head could have been made with a spade or the blunt end of an axe. Perhaps fearing to place an accusation that could lead to the gallows against people they knew, the jury recorded a view that 'there was no satisfactory evidence as to cause of death'. Hood and Trevor were remarkably lucky to escape with a charge of robbery.

In 1888 a 33-year-old single woman, Harriet Pickwell, was arrested after her baby died while at the workhouse. She was an unemployed domestic servant and the daughter of the Pickwells of Laneham. Charges were dropped after the inquest decided 'accidental suffocation' was the cause.

Laneham drainage
In December 1768, a group of landowners from this part of Nottinghamshire asked the civil engineer John Grundy, Jr. to investigate the possibility of draining some 10 sqmi of land on the west bank of the River Trent, stretching from Laneham to West Burton. He was accompanied by Samuel Goodhand, his clerk, on the initial site visit, and proposed three components to a solution. The first was a catchwater drain, which would intercept the streams flowing into the area at its western edge, and discharge into the Trent at West Burton. To prevent high water levels in the river flooding the land, he proposed a 7 mi flood bank, which would run from Laneham to West Burton. Finally, rainwater would be collected by a Mother Drain and numerous side drains, which would discharge into the Trent through an outfall sluice at Sturton Cow Pasture.

The landowners liked the plans, asking Grundy to produce detailed proposals, and to supervise the obtaining of an Act of Parliament to authorise the work. Assisted by the surveyor George Kelk and a colleague called David Buffery, who checked the levels, he spent six weeks producing his plans, which he presented in February 1769. He estimated that 5900 acre would be improved by the scheme, which would cost £2,700 for the catchwater drain, £6,800 for the bank along the river from Laneham to West Burton, £2,400 for the Mother Drain, with an additional £1,200 for the side drains, and £900 for the sluice at Sturton, making a total of £14,000. He spent most of March and April in London, to ensure the bill passed through Parliament, and received £329 for his work up to this point. A detailed plan of the area at a scale of 1:21,120 (three inches to 1 mile) was published.

The Act appointed Drainage Commissioners, who met for the first time on 29 May 1769. Grundy became the engineer for the scheme, Buffery was the surveyor of works, and Kelk was the land surveyor. Grundy's plans for Sturton Sluice show a 12 ft waterway. Brickwork and masonry were erected by local contractors, while the major excavations were handled by Dyson and Pinkerton. Grundy changed the plans somewhat, as he decided that a drainage mill would be needed at Sturton. This had a 15 ft scoop wheel, and was completed in April 1770 by Henry Bennett from Spalding, at a cost of £458. The works were finished on time in May 1772, with the final cost amounting to around £15,000. Grundy visited the works at least seven times to ensure that his specifications were being met. The only known details of the scheme are preserved in Grundy's Report Books, which he spent the last few years of his life preparing. Running to 12 volumes and 4,000 pages, they were lost, but were re-discovered in the library at the University of Leeds in 1988. The Laneham Drainage scheme is covered in volumes 10 and 11.

The drainage mill which pumped water from the Mother Drain into the Trent was replaced by a 43 hp steam-powered beam engine in 1847. It had a larger scoop wheel, which was 26.5 ft in diameter and 2.25 ft wide. It was scrapped in 1903, and has been replaced by an Allen-Gwynnes 24 in electric pump. With the passing of the Land Drainage Act 1930, most land drainage authorities were superseded by Internal Drainage Boards (IDBs), and the original scheme formed the central section of the Laneham IDB, who were responsible for 78.5 mi of drains and ditches, which helped to prevent flooding of 22.9 sqmi of low-lying land. They maintained 10 pumping stations, which included those at the end of the catchwater drain and the Mother Drain. In April 2012, they amalgamated with the Newark, Kingston Brook, and Fairham Brook internal drainage boards to become part of the Trent Valley IDB.

The beck is crossed by a bridge in Dunham Road. This was rebuilt after being destroyed in the floods of 1875. The beck was also crossed by what was known as the 'long footbridge' which connected into the 'field path' to Dunham.

title: Laneham


text:
User:KingEverJr

King Ever Jr the'the'poet better known as Tshepiso Mogotsi is boy born 02 May 2002 in Maun,Botswana. He grew up in Maun and completed his primary education at Sekgoma II Memorial Primary  School. He later on went to Moeti Junior Secondary School(2015- 2017) and advanced to Maun Senior Secondary School where he completed his Secondary Education (Bgcse) in 2019. He has been part of the Ditawana Scout Troop for the last five years. He has big dreams to become an outstanding poet of tomorrow and has a friend called Nature O'Neal Tlale who is an upcoming artist.

title: User:KingEverJr


text:
Nizhny Dzhalgan

Nizhny Dzhalgan (Нижний Джалган; Ашағы-Ҹалған, Aşağı-Calğan) is a rural locality (a selo) in Khazarsky Selsoviet, Derbentsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 2,841 as of 2010. There are 44 streets.

Geography
Nizhny Dzhalgan is located 9 km south of Derbent (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vavilovo, Khazar and Arablinskoye are the nearest rural localities.

Nationalities
Azerbaijanis and Tabasarans live there.

title: Nizhny Dzhalgan


text:
User:HagermanBot~enwikiversity/Sandbox

__NEWSECTIONLINK__ This is a test area to play around with HagermanBot. Feel free to try anything. If you can get the bot to sign when you think it shouldn't have, please let me know. We've already squashed out quite a few bugs.

Testing the Bot
test

,mm I'm testing the bot as a logged out user.
 * Test —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:47, 15 December 2006 (UTC).
 * Indent test #2 —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:48, 15 December 2006 (UTC).
 * Test #3
 * Test —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:52, 15 December 2006 (UTC).
 * T2 —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Cremisis13 (talk • contribs) 23:55, 15 December 2006 (UTC).
 * T3 —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Cremisis13 (talk • contribs) 23:55, 15 December 2006 (UTC).
 * T4
 * T5
 * Test 6
 * Test 7 —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:54, 19 December 2006 (UTC).
 * Test 12312312

Test
One more test...
 * Strange Wikiversity anomaly, does it work for this?
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Oops
I got blacklisted for too many unsigned comments. Trying again...
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 * Is the new version now stable?
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 * kdidid —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:03, 18 February 2007 (UTC).

Testing
Hm, just testing out the bot, does it work?

sj gdoklsfjdgokldsgokj ealfsdn giejaklfd
testo testing test............ lemme tell you now, hagermanbot, im not Hyuuga-sama

test

test
test

title: User:HagermanBot~enwikiversity/Sandbox


text:
sheltered workshop

Noun

 * 1)  A place where persons with limited mental ability can work in a safe environment.

Translations

 * Polish: zakład pracy chronionej

title: sheltered workshop


text:
Borisovo, Altai Krai

Borisovo (Борисово) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Borisovsky Selsoviet, Zalesovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 699 as of 2013. There are 10 streets.

Geography
Borisovo is located 20 km southwest of Zalesovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nikolsky is the nearest rural locality.

title: Borisovo, Altai Krai


text:
Talk:Desmond Clark

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot (talk) 18:43, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Desmond Clark


text:
User:DJ Sobbi/sandbox

DJ Sobbi also known as Ayden sobbi started his joinery by watch youtube videos and learning how mix decks and make beats he took inspiration from martin garrix and Armin van burren he wishes to continue his journey strong and become big.

title: User:DJ Sobbi/sandbox


text:
Tony Colacchio

Anthony D. "Tony" Colacchio (April 6, 1945 – November 7, 2018) was an American curler and curling coach.

As a coach of American wheelchair curling team he participated in 2018 Winter Paralympics.

Anthony Colacchio had many hobbies including golf, fishing, kayaking, carpentry and landscape work. He joined the Cape Cod Curling Club in 2000 and served as President from 2004 until 2006. He was instrumental in managing the club's building expansion, and he developed the Wheelchair Curling at the club level. For the past ten years he continued to develop and promote Wheelchair Curling, regionally, nationally and internationally. Tony achieved National Coaching Status and a Congressional Record of Honor in 2017 for his work in the field.

He died on November 7, 2018, from cancer.

title: Tony Colacchio


text:
Food photography

Food photography is a still life photography genre used to create attractive still life photographs of food. As a specialization of commercial photography, its output is used in advertisements, magazines, packaging, menus or cookbooks. Professional food photography is a collaborative effort, usually involving an art director, a photographer, a food stylist, a prop stylist and their assistants. With the advent of social media, amateur food photography has gained popularity among restaurant diners.

In advertising, food photography is often – and sometimes controversially – used to exaggerate the attractiveness or size of the advertised food, notably fast food.

History
The first known photograph that showed food as a subject was a 1845 daguerreotype by William Henry Fox Talbot showing peaches and a pineapple.

For a long time, food photographs tended to be shot and composed in a manner similar to the way people were used to encountering their food: laid out on a table setting and shot from an overhead perspective, i.e., from the point of view of the eater. Stylists accordingly arranged the food to appear good from above, with the items arranged flat on the plate and clearly separated from each other.

Later, romantic lighting, shallower angles and more props came en vogue, with extreme cases leading to the term "food porn". Most recently, the prevailing trend in Western commercial food photography is to present the food as simple, clean and naturally as possible and with little props, often using effects such as selective focus, tilted plates, and extreme close-ups. This complements trends in professional cooking to make the food more visually interesting. For instance, the height of dishes tends to increase and their elements are often layered, which lends itself well to narrow-angled shots.

Food stylist
The role of the food stylist is to make the food look attractive in the finished photograph. The time and effort a stylist takes to carefully and artfully arrange the food is due to differences between the way the stylist presents it and the way a home cook or chef may. Visual know-how is also a requirement, as is the knowledge of how to translate the perception of taste, aroma and appeal that one gets from an actual dish to a two-dimensional photograph.

Food stylists have culinary training; some are professional chefs or have a background in home economics. In addition to knowledge of nutrition and cooking techniques, food stylists must also be resourceful shoppers. As creative professionals they envision the finished photograph and style the food accordingly.

Setup
The process of food photography begins with the purchase of the food and ingredients. Only the most visually perfect foodstuffs are acceptable and multiple backup or test items are usually needed. As a result, purchase of the food and ingredients is a very time-consuming process. The best-looking of the purchased items is selected and marked as the "hero", i.e., the item that will be featured in the photograph. During the setup and for test shoots, it is represented by a cardboard or lower-quality food item stand-in.

The actual photography can take place in a studio under controlled lighting conditions, or under natural light. The light, background and setting is carefully prepared so as to present the food in as attractive a way as possible without distracting from it. The color and texture of the background is selected so as to effectively complement that of the food and to assist with its lighting.

Styled food is usually marked as inedible and discarded after the shoot, because it may have been handled or treated in ways that make it unsafe for consumption.

Cold beverages
To create the effect of a thin layer of condensation forming on the outside of glasses containing cold liquid, dulling spray may be applied, with paper or masking tape protecting the non-"frosted" areas. More pronounced condensation and dew drops are imitated by spraying the glass with corn syrup or glycerin.

Ice cubes used in shoots are made of acrylic, so they do not move or melt during the shoot, which may take place under hot studio lighting. Prior to the widespread availability of acrylic cubes starting in the 1970s and 1980s, glass ice cubes served the same purpose. Fresh-looking bubbles on the surface of drinks are created by applying a mixture of the drink and detergent to the surface with an eyedropper. White glue may be used in lieu of milk, and a mixture of brewed coffee and water instead of tea.

Salads
Salads in food photography are composed with a view to creating appealing textures, shapes and colors. To improve support and aid in composition, salad in a bowl is built around a smaller bowl placed inverted in the larger bowl. Salad greens are kept fresh and crisp by misting them with cold water prior to composition. Salad dressing is not normally used, as it makes the salad slippery and difficult to style, but the appearance of dressing may be created by sprinkling herbs and spices over the wet salad, or mixing them in oil and applying it with a brush.

Fruit salads are particularly challenging to shoot because of the short time the fruit pieces, which are cut immediately prior to final photography, retain their appearance. As only the outer layer of the salad is of interest, the concealed interior of the salad bowl may be filled by mashed potatoes or another mixture. Thick or heavy dressings do not photograph well; they are usually thinned and applied by brush.

Hamburgers and sandwiches
Hamburger photography is challenging because the buns dent easily and an assembled burger is quick to lose its visual appeal. When assembling the burger, the ingredients are held in place with toothpicks and the meaty interior of tomato slices is removed to avoid juice discoloring the ingredients. The meat patties are superficially cooked, the edges browned with a torch and the meat made to look more appetizing with a colorant. The edges of melted cheese slices may be brushed with household cleaner to make them look freshly melted longer. Condiments such as mayonnaise are applied to the edges with an applicator bottle. Steam is normally used to suggest the burger is hot.

Sandwiches are assembled using similar techniques. Wet paper towels are used to prevent the bread from drying out. If a half sandwich is to be depicted, the bread and the components are individually sliced with scissors and assembled in place.

Photographic portrayal of fast food has been subject to legal challenges for false advertising. Class-action lawsuit have been brought against fast-food chains McDonald's, Wendy's and Taco Bell on grounds of unfair and deceptive trade practices, alleging that photographs in marketing material depict food products larger than the items served to customers in real life. A similar lawsuit has also been proposed in 2023 against Burger King, alleging that the company's photography depicts their Whopper burger as 35% larger than in real life, with ingredients that "overflow over the bun".

As a social media phenomenon
Amateur food photography has increased with the rise of social media and the use of selfies. A popular trend has developed for diners to photograph their meals in restaurants using a mobile phone, for the purpose of sharing on sites such as Instagram or for food blogging. The practice is sometimes referred to as "camera eats first".

Influencers may use food photography to advocate healthy eating, fad diets or to promote a restaurant business. Some restaurateurs have objected to the practice and prohibit diners from taking photographs of their meals.

title: Food photography


text:
User:Cordesir

Cores Franklin

"death is nothing, but to live defeated and inglorious is to die daily." - Napoleon Bonaparte

My Interests:

Mobile Suit Gundam 00, Mobile Suit Gundam Wing, Linux, Madlib

title: User:Cordesir


text:
Talk:This (computer programming)

Redirects
Open recursion redirects here but there is no information on open recursion in the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:00, 22 October 2012 (UTC)

JavaScript
Could someone write about the usage of this in JavaScript? It's a tricky little creature... From the little I understand, it's sort of dynamic. this could mean different things depending on how the code was accessed/called.

(Some references I've found: http://www.switchonthecode.com/tutorials/javascript-tutorial-why-the-this-keyword-breaks  http://jonaquino.blogspot.com/2008/04/programming-understanding-this-keyword.html  http://www.quirksmode.org/js/this.html)

Thanks, ~Aranel Alasse~ (talk) 20:20, 11 March 2009 (UTC)

python
Someone want to write about self in python? Cowbert 06:47, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

PHP
In PHP, this and self exist but represent different things. Because of polymorphism, a this pointer can change; however, self retains reference to the current class so static self-referential calls may be made. See: NiX0n 16:10, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

C++ -> Java?
Java wasn't derived from C++, they were both derived from C! User:billylikeswikis 1:53pm, 08/08/08 (GMT) Java is written in C++ therefore it was derived from C++. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:52, 22 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Python is written in C, so is it derived from C? No! --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:22, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

Copyedited
Richard asr (talk) 13:53, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:This (computer programming)


text:
affranchise

Etymology
From late, from , long stem of (modern 🇨🇬), from frm.

Verb

 * 1)  To free from obligation, servitude or service.

title: affranchise


text:
Talk:Dickson Agyeman

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title: Talk:Dickson Agyeman


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Deanne Quarrie - Bendis

The result of the debate was speedy delete and userfy. I'm not sure if it was a mistaken userpage because the article title doesn't match the username exactly, but I couldn't find much of a claim to notability here. Author claims to be a founder of some Pagan traditions but didn't explain their importance, and admitted in a few places that her groups had memberships of only about 6 to 25 people. CanadianCaesar The Republic Restored 10:41, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Deanne Quarrie - Bendis
Userfy, inasmuch as the "article" appears to be a bio for a new editor Joe 22:22, 19 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete and Userfy - should've been speedied instead of AFD. Wickethewok 09:13, 20 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
Wikibooks talk:NPOV dispute

Initial text adapted from en:Wikipedia:NPOV dispute --mav 00:55, 19 Aug 2003 (UTC)

A way of dealing with NPOV disputes
If there are biased points of view, each with valid points, perhaps it would be instructive to let the reader decide by presenting all points of view and allowing the reader to evaluate the merits of each case. Absorption of multiple valid points of view can be most instructive in my understanding, if each point of view is presented with rational thought, clear reasoning, and careful evidence.

Make this page a unstable version of Neutral point of view
I have some small simplification edits to the text, if no one objects I will attempt to further determine what has been said about the subject on project see if this text diverges from what is stated on the above source of the text and move it into a unstable branch of the Neutral point of view policy (or similar action). As it is its partial duplicating the policy (even if offers a consistent and more actual approach to the issue). --Panic (talk) 05:45, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

title: Wikibooks talk:NPOV dispute


text:
Music Theory/Music Notation Systems

There are many ways to describe musical notes, including solfege, letters, numbers, tablature, and of course the standard music staffs. It is important to have a working knowledge of all of these (except tablature, as it is instrument-specific and many instruments do not use it at all).

Letters
Letter names give a label to each letter of the C major scale: C D E F G A B. Notes can be sharpened or flattened; between D and E comes a note called either D♯ ("D sharp") or E♭ ("E flat"). Even more confusingly, E can be called D ("D double-sharp"), and D can be called E ("E double-flat")! For now, you need only know that a D♯ and an E♭ are enharmonically equivalent (that is, they have the same pitch, but serve a different diatonic function) in the simplified tuning most commonly used today. You will learn about diatonic function later.

These are the letter names used in English, Dutch, and possibly a few other languages. However, Germany, Scandinavia (such as Iceland, Denmark, Sweden) and Slavic countries have another system: their C major scale is C D E F G A H. Their H corresponds to our B. They also use the letter B, to mean the note we call B flat. They do not use special letters for any other notes, however, for instance, what we call a C sharp they would call "Cis", "Ciss" or "Cís" (depending on the language), which literally means "C sharp". We will not concern ourselves with these differences as this alternate system is almost never encountered in English language texts. Some other countries don't use letters for notes at all, but instead the fixed-doh solfege system, where "Do" or "Ut" always means the note C. This is an inflexible system unlike the moveable-doh one used in English, where "Do" (or "Doh") can be any pitch.

Solfege
Solfege is one of the most common ways of expressing musical notes for vocalists. In fact, in some countries such as Spain, Portugal, Italy and France, solfege is always used instead of note names.

The major scale in solfege runs: do re mi fa sol la ti. (Note: in some regions, such as Portugal, "ti" is called "si"). After "ti" comes "do" again, one octave higher than the previous "do." Notes outside the scale (sharps and flats) are expressed in different ways according to regions. In some the equivalent to sharp or flat is added after the name of the note (C sharp would thus be Do dièse in France and Belgium). In other regions, another syllable with the same initial letter is used, although this is mostly reserved for instructional uses. For example, the pitch between "re" and "mi" can be called either "ri" or "mé". The proper syllable to use is based on whether you are travelling up or down the scale. The first letter of the syllable should come from the previous note, while the second letter is inherited from the next note in the sequence. Most commonly, the chromatic ascending scale is "do di re ri mi fa fi sol si la li ti/si do" and the descending scale is "do ti/si te la le sol se fa mi me re ra do."

In India, Solfege is called "Sargam" and the scale runs: sa re ga ma pa dha ni

The "movable do" system is the one most commonly used, where do becomes the tonic of the key (C in the key of C, etc.) "Fixed do" is also used at some major colleges and universities, where do is always C, no matter what the key is. This involves a lot more use of chromatic solfege though.

This book will not use solfege. More information can be obtained in Wikipedia's treatment of the subject. The material should be learned and practiced, but it is useful mostly in communicating with other musicians who use the system.

Numbers
Numbers are used in lieu of solfege to describe relative tones. Either Roman numerals (I II III) or Arabic numerals (1 2 3) can be used. A major scale would be: I II III IV V VI VII. Each number can be pronounced either like a cardinal number ("one, two, three...") or an ordinal number ("first, second, third..."). These can be sharpened and flattened, but the sharp is usually written before the numeral: ♯II ("augmented second"), ♭III ("minor third").

Latin names
Latin names follow the same principle as the solfege scale and numerals. The notes are called the tonic, supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant, submediant, and leading tone. Of these, it is most important to remember the "tonic" (I), "subdominant" (IV), and "dominant" (V), because these tones and chords built on these tones are used the most often.

Tablature
Tablature is notation specific to an instrument or class of instruments, usually plucked-string instruments such as the guitar or aerophones like the harmonica. It is mostly used in popular music for guitar and bass, because many players of these instruments do not read standard notation and the notation does not help illustrate fingerings, for instance, a "middle C" can be played on several different strings on the guitar, but they all look the same in standard notation. However, tablature usually lacks information on rhythm. Instead, tablature notation assumes that the reader is familiar with the tune or can hear its demonstration on a recording or other source. For these reasons, much professional guitar music includes standard notation along with tablature, with the tab staff running below the standard staff. Tablature is also common on the Internet, often in ASCII form but also in files that can be read by programs such as Guitar Pro or the Power Tab Editor (the latter is freeware).

Tablatures are not useful for the purposes of explaining music theory because they describe how to play an instrument, that is, the mechanics of producing musical sounds but not the underlying ideas, that is, the expression of certain pitches in a logical rhythmic structure.

Standard notation

 * This is a preliminary version. Standard music notation will probably have its own chapter, in which case only a cursory introduction will remain here.

Standard notation is used to demonstrate how a piece is played. Unlike tablature, it applies to any instrument. It indicates key signatures, time signatures, rhythms, tempo, dynamics (how loud each instrument should be), and so on. A highly trained musician can sometimes take a piece of sheet music written in standard notation, look it over once or twice, and then play the song as though he or she had been playing it his or her whole life.

For instance, below is the C major scale, including a C at the end, in standard notation.

The standard notation staff has five lines and four spaces. From bottom to top the five lines are E G B D F, which is commonly memorized as an acrostic such as:

Every Good Boy Does Fine The four spaces between the five lines are F, A, C, and E, which should surely be easy for an English speaker to remember, because together they spell "face".

But what about the first two notes, which are below the staff? Well, the second note is just below the E, so it must be D. The first is below that, so it must be C. It also has a line through it to indicate it is placed on an "invisible" line. This line is called a ledger line. A note could be placed below this ledger line, which would be B. Or a note could be placed below that, on another ledger line, and it would be A. Notes can continue to be placed on ledger lines above and below the staff infinitely, but extending too far from the staff is impractical, because the pitches will become very hard to read.

Lead Sheet notation
Lead Sheet notation is an abbreviated variant of Standard notation used in jazz and popular music. It consists of a single note melody line on a treble staff, and letter chord symbols. For vocal pieces, lyrics are optional. Standard notation specifies every note exactly as it is to be played. Notation programs such as MuseScore, Sibelius, and Finale, can play standard notation. Lead sheet notation allows -- in fact, requires -- the player to interpret and embellish. A "Fake Book" is a collection of Lead Sheets.

title: Music Theory/Music Notation Systems