text:
Cookbook:Guacamole Dip

Guacamole Dip is a spicy Mexican dip made from avocado and cream. It is the perfect companion for corn chips, totopos, or potato chips. The ingredients and quantities of this recipe are approximate, and they depend on the desired consistency and "picor".

Ingredients

 * 1 ripe avocado
 * 1 cup cream, sour cream, or yoghurt
 * 1 clove garlic
 * ¼ regular onion, cut in large pieces
 * 4 cilantro stems with leaves
 * 1 serrano chile pepper (optional)
 * Milk to thin the dip, as needed
 * Salt to taste

Procedure

 * 1) Put the garlic, onion pieces, cilantro and serrano pepper into a blender or food processor. Pulse for a few seconds—don't over do it.
 * 2) Halve the avocado and scoop the flesh into the bowl. Add the cream and pulse the blender for a few seconds.
 * 3) Taste the mixture and add salt or more seasonings as desired.
 * 4) Pulse the blender a little bit more. If the mixture is too thick, add a tablespoon of milk and pulse the blender.
 * 5) Serve immediately or store by covering the mixture with plastic wrap.

title: Cookbook:Guacamole Dip


text:
The Cabildo

The Cabildo, originally called "Casa Capitular", is a historical building in New Orleans, Louisiana. Originally the seat of Spanish colonial city hall, the building now forms part of the Louisiana State Museum. It is located along Jackson Square, adjacent to St. Louis Cathedral.

History
The original Cabildo was destroyed in the Great New Orleans Fire of 1788. The building was rebuilt between 1795 and 1799 as the home of the Spanish municipal government in New Orleans. In 1821, the Spanish coat of arms was removed from the façade pediment and replaced with the extant American eagle with cannonballs by the Italian sculptor Pietro Cardelli and the third floor with mansard roof was later added in 1847, in the French style. The building took its name from the governing body who met there—the "Illustrious Cabildo," or city council. The Cabildo was the site of the Louisiana Purchase transfer ceremonies late in 1803, and continued to be used by the New Orleans city council until the mid-1850s.

The building's main hall, the Sala Capitular ("Meeting Room"), was originally utilized as a courtroom. The Spanish used the courtroom from 1799 to 1803, and from 1803 to 1812 it was used by the Louisiana territorial superior court. Between 1868 and 1910, the Cabildo was the seat of the Louisiana Supreme Court. The Sala Capitular was the site of several landmark court cases, including Plessy v. Ferguson.

In 1895, the building was in a state of decay and proposed for demolition; artist William Woodward led a successful campaign to have the historic building preserved and restored. In 1911, with the state's highest court having vacated, the Cabildo became the home of the Louisiana State Museum. The museum displays exhibits about the history of Louisiana from its settlement up through the Reconstruction Era, and about the heritage of the ethnic groups who have lived in the state. The Cabildo was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960.

The Cabildo was extensively damaged by a fire on May 11, 1988, which destroyed the cupola and the entire third floor, but it was restored and reopened to the public in 1994. In 2005, the Cabildo survived Hurricane Katrina, the eye of which passed 30 miles (48 km) east of downtown, with relatively minor damage. Days after the storm struck, the Louisiana State Police used the business offices of the Cabildo to set up what was called Troop N. From the Cabildo, state troopers patrolled the city's streets along with police agencies from New Mexico and New York.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Cabildo


text:
H. Thomas Johnson

H. Thomas Johnson (born 1938) is an American accounting historian, and Professor of Business Administration at Portland State University, known for his work on the history of accounting and accounting thought

Life and work
Johnson obtained his BA in economics from Harvard University and his MBA in accounting from Rutgers University. He obtained a PhD in economic history from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He went on to earn a Certified Public Accountant license.

After graduation Johnson started as accountant at Arthur Andersen. In the early 1970s he started his academic career at the University of Western Ontario as Assistant Professor of Economics, and by 1975 was Associate Professor of Economics. In 1980 he was appointed Professor of Accounting at the Western Washington University. In 1988 he move to the Portland State University, where he was appointed Professor of Business Administration. At the Bainbridge Graduate Institute in Washington he is also appointed Distinguished Consulting Professor of Sustainable Business.

A 2003 survey by Harvard Business School Press placed him among the 200 leading management thinkers living today. The American Society for Quality awarded him the Deming Medal in 2008 (see acceptance remarks), and in 2007 he received a distinguished lifetime achievement award from the American Accounting Association.

Johnson's research interests are in the field of "the intersection of systems thinking, modern physics, and sustainable operations management [and] explor[es] the application of natural living system principles to the design of ecologically-focused local business operations that emulate and extend the scope of the Toyota Production System."

Selected publications

 * Johnson, H. Thomas. Relevance lost: the rise and fall of management accounting. Harvard Business Press, 1991.
 * Johnson, H. Thomas. Relevance regained. Simon and Schuster, 2002.

Articles, a selection:
 * Johnson, H. Thomas, and Robert S. Kaplan. "The rise and fall of management accounting." Engineering Management Review, IEEE 15.3 (1987): 36-44.
 * Johnson, H. Thomas. "It’s time to stop overselling activity-based concepts." Management Accounting 74.3 (1992): 26-35.

title: H. Thomas Johnson


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Death of Nahid Almanea

The result was   no consensus. — Coffee //  have a cup  //  beans  // 02:14, 26 February 2015 (UTC)

Death of Nahid Almanea

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Non-notable murder. Page was written as a POV fork taking sources completely out of context to suit an agenda '''tAD''' (talk) 02:03, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Automated comment: This AfD was not correctly transcluded to the log (step 3). I have transcluded it to Articles for deletion/Log/2015 February 11.  —cyberbot I   Talk to my owner :Online 02:28, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Weak delete – WP:RS has been met, although much of the notability revolves around speculation of the motivation. If deleted do not object to recreation should the hate crime aspect is found to be valid.-- ☾Loriendrew☽  ☏(talk)  02:50, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of People-related deletion discussions. -War wizard90 (talk) 03:15, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Crime-related deletion discussions. -War wizard90 (talk) 03:15, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Saudi Arabia-related deletion discussions. -War wizard90 (talk) 03:15, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * delete - Wikipedia is WP:NOTNEWS - violent crimes happen all the time. even if this is what it has been presented as, a hate crime, they also happen all the time. no indication there has been or will be any lasting significance or impact. -- TRPoD aka The Red Pen of Doom  04:40, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of England-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 21:16, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.
 * Keep, sources indicate notability. But I want to hear more about the nominator's claim that "page was written as a POV fork taking sources completely out of context to suit an agenda". A fork from what other article? Out of context how? What's the agenda? These things may all be true, but you can't just throw them out there without explaining. Everyking (talk) 06:30, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * What is notable about it? So far there is just WP:ROUTINE coverage of a murder. There isnt any coverage of public protests, there is no diplomatic cross boarder uproar. there is no indication there is any lasting impact. no "hijab protection law"s passing through parliament or or indication the city council is discussing a "no public hijab" law to "protect" women from bias attacks . there is no international coverage. no series of other attacks that the media is framing as a "Essex is a no go zone for muslims". While this has the potential for notability, its not moved in any of the ways that would actualize that potential. --  TRPoD aka The Red Pen of Doom  06:46, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * That coverage doesn't look "routine" to me. Everyking (talk) 07:51, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Keep First of all, the individual who nominated this article for deletion should not even be allowed to edit on topics related to Islam, since his recent article creations clearly show that he has considerable animosity towards Islam. Secondly, there are many sources which substantiate this thus making it notable. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:48, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Strong delete Notability of this article stems primarily from media speculation. Yes, speculation. Wishful thinking does not make an article notable. Investigation is ongoing and is so far inconclusive. Adagio Cantabile (talk) 09:11, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete No encyclopediac value in this entry.--Flexdream (talk) 14:18, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Keep - per user Everyking. No reason to delete per extensive sourcing.--BabbaQ (talk) 18:07, 13 February 2015 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, -- Sam Sing! 07:22, 18 February 2015 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.
 * Delete. Restore when there are secondary sources, but right now we just have news media reporting the news, and that's a good example of a primary source.  Nyttend (talk) 14:35, 18 February 2015 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, — Coffee //  have a cup  //  beans  // 00:43, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. My Lord, there are incredibly reliable sources documenting this online. Take your pick: HuffPost UK, The Guardian, BBC, Mirror, International Business Times. Al Bawaba, Best Daily, London Evening Standard, and the list goes on and on. British media in particular is all over this, especially with Islamophobia being in the news. Clearly and unambiguously notable. Why did this have to be relisted twice!? --Mr. Guye (talk) 01:34, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Also passes WP:N/CA. --Mr. Guye (talk) 01:46, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
2006 British Speedway Championship

The 2006 British Speedway Championship was the 46th edition of the British Speedway Championship. The Final took place on 11 June at Belle Vue Stadium in Manchester, England. The Championship was won by Scott Nicholls, who beat Joe Screen, Simon Stead and Chris Harris in the final heat.

British Final

 * 11 June 2006
 * 🏴 Belle Vue Stadium, Manchester

British Under 21 final
Ben Wilson won the British Speedway Under 21 Championship. The final was held at King's Lynn Stadium on 28 April.

title: 2006 British Speedway Championship


text:
Celestia/Development/Win32 platform

Celestia development options using Windows-32 software packages:

Subversion (svn)
Celestia's source code is available on a Subversion (SVN) repository hosted on SourceForge.

Several Subversion clients are available for Windows. A very popular one is TortoiseSVN, a Windows shell extension that lets you use SVN commands right from Windows Explorer. A command line version is available with Cygwin.

To get the latest Celestia source using the command line client, cd to the desired directory and then issue the command

svn co https://celestia.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/celestia/trunk

With Tortoise SVN, select 'Checkout' from the Windows Explorer popup menu, and then enter this URL:

https://celestia.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/celestia/trunk

Microsoft C++ & SDK tools for Windows XP and Windows 7
In order to build software for Windows, you need both an SDK (Software Development Kit) and a compiler. The SDK provides libraries and include files needed for building for a particular version of Windows. The compiler converts text files into binary programs, linking them to the SDK libraries. Microsoft provides free versions of their SDKs and compilers, although with limited features, in order to encourage development of software for use with their operating systems. They also sell enhanced versions for use by commercial software development organizations.

VS2010
Currently, there is no Visual Studio 2010 solution checked into the subversion repository. If you have VS2010, you will have several unsupported steps to perform, in addition to the steps outlined for previous versions of Visual Studio.
 * First, VS2010 will convert the previous version's project files into VS2010 format. These converted versions will have mismatching $(TargetFile) and linker output file definitions. These will have to be manually reconciled. One choice is to set the General project property "Target Name" to "$(ProjectName)" and the linker property "Output File" to "$(OutDir)$(TargetName)$(TargetExt)". This will allow you to build, but it will not run.
 * Second, and most significantly, the static libraries zlib and libpng in the repository are compiled to work only with the redistributable runtime dlls for VS2008, namely msvcm90.dll, msvcp90.dll and msvcr90.dll. These runtimes are incompatible with VS2010, so you will have to obtain zlib and libpng (and the debug versions) that will run with 2010. The easiest way to do this may be to grab the sources from sourceforge, build them yourself, put the new libs in windows\lib\x86, and change the entries in the linker's "Additional Dependencies" property.
 * Finally, you must ensure that the celestia.exe and the dlls in windows\dll are copied into $(ProjectDir), and that the Debugging "Command" property is set to "$(ProjectDir)\$(TargetFileName)" and the "Working Directory" property is set to $(ProjectDir).

There may be other steps to perform, depending upon the versions of zlib and libpng that you obtain.

VS2008
In December 2007, Microsoft released Visual C++ 2008 Express Edition. As of Celestia version 1.6.0, this is the only version of the compiler recommended for building Celestia. Note that Visual C++ 2008 will not run on Windows 98. For this reason only, you may want to use Visual Studio 2005. If you have Windows 2000, XP, Vista or 7, compiling is much easier with Visual C++ 2008.

 * If you do not already have Microsoft Visual C++ 2008, you may download it for free from here:

 * http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/express/future/bb421473

When installing VS C++ 2008 SP1 using the Web installation, it automatically downloads and installs all of the correct SDK libraries, too. This happens under both Windows XP, 32bit, and Windows 7, 64bit. The SDK does not need to be downloaded or installed separately.

 * If you also need the Windows SDK, it is a free download from Microsoft:

 * http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=E6E1C3DF-A74F-4207-8586-711EBE331CDC&displaylang=en

Step by step instructions for Visual C++ 2008 Express Edition
These instructions work for both Windows XP and Windows 7.

This process assumes that you've followed the steps above, checked out the source from SVN, and installed the Visual C++ compiler and Windows SDK.

 * 1) Copy iconv.dll, intl.dll and lua5.1.dll from trunk\celestia\windows\dll\x86 into  trunk\celestia
 * 2) * Celestia is a 32bit x86 application. There are no x64 libraries.
 * 3) Open celestia.sln in Microsoft Visual C++.Net 2008 and allow the updater to work.
 * 4) * In other words, select (double-click on) celestia.sln in the directory trunk\celestia
 * 5) Set the build type to "Release". (The project provided from svn has it set to "Debug")
 * 6) * Specifically, in the line of icons across the top of the VisualStudio window, where it initially says "Debug", open its dropdown menu and select "Release"
 * 7) Build!
 * 8) * Open the menu "Build" and select "Rebuild Solution"

VS2005
''Recommended only for users of Windows 98/ME, where the Visual C++ 2008 is not supported. If you are running XP, Vista or 7, you should use the much easier process described in the previous section.''

 * Windows Platform SDK: Web Install

 * http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=0BAF2B35-C656-4969-ACE8-E4C0C0716ADB&displaylang=en

 * Windows Platform SDK: disk image

 * http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=e15438ac-60be-41bd-aa14-7f1e0f19ca0d&DisplayLang=en

 * Visual Studio 2005 Express C++: Web install

 * http://www.microsoft.com/express/2005/download/default.aspx

 * Visual Studio 2005 Express C++: disk image

 * http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/express/aa718401.aspx

Celestia libraries for VS2005
The libraries in the Celestia repository were built with VS2008, and will not work on Windows 98/ME:

Celestia Libraries for Visual Studio 2005 Express:

 * http://www.shatters.net/~claurel/celestia/winbuild/

 * As of October, 2007, use
 * cspice.lib
 * winbuild-2.zip
 * winlibs-2.zip

 * Several source code files have been added to Celestia's svn repository since winbuild-2.zip was created. Insert these lines into the OBJS section of celestia/src/celengine/engine.mak if you're using makerelease.bat to build from the current subversion repository:

$(INTDIR)\axisarrow.obj \ $(INTDIR)\customrotation.obj \ $(INTDIR)\frametree.obj \ $(INTDIR)\precession.obj \ $(INTDIR)\scriptrotation.obj \ $(INTDIR)\timeline.obj \ $(INTDIR)\timelinephase.obj \

 * The SPICE include files are included in winlibs-2.zip.

 * No binary DLLs (Dynamically Loaded Libraries) are included in these Zip files, so you'll have to get them from one of the precompiled Celestia installation kits. As of January 26, 2008, use the DLLs which are included in Celestia v1.5.0. The official release of Celestia v1.5.0 is available on SourceForge.

The version of Celestia that's included in the Windows Celestia distribution kits is compiled using the script makerelease.bat. The older VS2003 versions of the build scripts are still what are in the cvs archive on SourceForge. The makefiles and .bat scripts which have been updated for VS2005/VS2008 are included in winbuild-2.zip [Remark: There is no makerelease.bat in winbuild-2.zip], which is in the VS2005 winbuild directory shown above.

Don't forget that you'll have to configure the PATH, LIB and INCLUDE environment variables according to your particular development environment so that the build scripts will find the Visual Studio and Celestia programs, include files and libraries.

Here's one example .BAT script for defining the search lists. It probably won't work for you: you probably have put the files in different directories. Change it appropriately.

Set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Platform SDK for Windows Server 2003 R2\include;%INCLUDE% Set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Platform SDK for Windows Server 2003 R2\include\mfc;%INCLUDE% Set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\include;%INCLUDE% Set INCLUDE=C:\cvs\Celestia\celestia\inc;%INCLUDE% Set PATH=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Platform SDK for Windows Server 2003 R2\Bin;%PATH% Set PATH=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\IDE;%PATH% Set PATH=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\bin;%PATH% Set LIB=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Platform SDK for Windows Server 2003 R2\Lib;%LIB% Set LIB=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib;%LIB% Set LIB=C:\cvs\Celestia\celestia\lib;%LIB%

title: Celestia/Development/Win32 platform


text:
Dubrajpur, Paschim Medinipur

Dubrajpur is a village in the Sabang CD block in the Kharagpur subdivision of the Paschim Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India.

Location
Dubrajpur is located at 22.1915°N, 87.7246°W.

Area overview
Kharagpur subdivision, shown partly in the map alongside, mostly has alluvial soils, except in two CD blocks in the west – Kharagpur I and Keshiary, which mostly have lateritic soils. Around 74% of the total cultivated area is cropped more than once. With a density of population of 787 per km2nearly half of the district's population resides in this subdivision. 14.33% of the population lives in urban areas and 86.67% lives in the rural areas.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

Demographics
According to the 2011 Census of India, Dubrajpur had a total population of 4,578, of which 2,372 (52%) were males and 2,206 (48%) were females. There were 589 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literate persons in Dubrajpur was 3,420 (85.74% of the population over 6 years).

Culture
David J. McCutchion mentions the early 19th century Lakshmi Janardana temple as a rich terracotta West Bengal Nava-ratna with ridged turrets measuring 21’ 2" square.

title: Dubrajpur, Paschim Medinipur


text:
Pingyang station

Pingyang station is a subway station in Changsha, Hunan, China, operated by the Changsha subway operator Changsha Metro.

Layout
Pingyang has one island platform.

History
The station opened on 26 May 2019.

Surrounding area

 * Hengda International Plaza
 * Lituo School

title: Pingyang station


text:
Instructional design/Interpersonal behaviors/Selecting Pre-Existing Materials

Pre-existing materials
To determine if pre-existing materials will work for your needs, you must look at your learning objectives. With these objectives in mind, evaluate the materials based upon these factors:

If the materials lack one or more items, adapt to meet those needs if possible.
 * adequate motivation
 * appropriate content
 * correct sequencing
 * all required information is present
 * contains practice exercises
 * feedback mechanism included
 * tests are available
 * directions are included
 * learner guidance when moving from sequence to the next

Resources for Creating Instructional Materials
Options for creating instructional materials vary.

Learning Designs

Harnessing the Power of the World Wide Web for Conflict Studies Courses

Developing an Online Learning Pedagogy for Conflict Resolution Training


text:
Talk:Great Polish Map of Scotland

Untitled
An interesting article, it will make a good candidate for one of the Wikipedia features, such as 'Did You Know'. I've classed it as 'start' for now, because it could probably do with a bit more info about future plans to restore it, to balance out the lengthy section about its history. But all-in-all, well done!! Sionk (talk) 14:17, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the advice. I'll continue to monitor the progress of the map as it undergoes restoration and add information that will give less prominence to the history. Kim Traynor (talk) 16:08, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

Name
I've been looking at the sources in the article and looking online for references to this map. I can't find any that call it 'Mapa Scotland'. It is always referred to as the 'Great Polish Map of Scotland', or something similar. 'Mapa Scotland' seems to be the name of the group/committee that has been set up to restore the map. Unless strong evidence can be found to the contrary, I think the article should be moved to the name 'Great Polish Map of Scotland' (there will remain a redirect from 'Mapa Scotland'). Sionk (talk) 17:43, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I hadn't spotted that but I think you are right. I had recently created a redirect in the opposite direction so I have overwritten it now before anyone puts in a tag. Thincat (talk) 18:44, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

Largest in world?
The restoration group is calling the map the largest relief map in the world and I can see another, supposedly indepent site repeating the claim. However, this at 220 m long would have been larger although it seems it has been cut up and stored in crates! Thincat (talk) 18:37, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * That definitely sounds a lot bigger than the Socttish or Canadian models! We don't seem to know where the claim, that the Scottish model is the biggest, came from. If I submit a 'Did You Know' I'll probably just give its dimensions and leave the conculsion to other people. Sionk (talk) 19:21, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, The size of the thing still seems the best headline but "largest" is too strong (unless qualified quite a lot). The California map might be worth mentioning as a footnote (or even as a separate article if there are sufficient references). Thincat (talk) 20:34, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I've sent an email to Guinness Book of Records asking if they have an entry for the world's largest map. None of the obvious search terms bring up any result from their website search. Unfortunately, their automated response tells me I have to wait 4-6 weeks before they reply, unless, that is, I want to fast track the inquiry for the princely sum of £450! I think I'll wait. Kim Traynor (talk) 00:31, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Mmm. I see web sites claiming the Guinness Book of Records saying this BC map is the largest in the world. I have not found any definite reference. I have been confusing it with this map, also of BC, which, despite the headline, says "world’s largest physical-terrain model ever created from digital-data sources" with no reference to GBR. Now, my son has Guinness World Records for 2006, 2008 and 2011 (as well as other records books) and I can't find anything at all on these lines. My guess is that the Challenger Relief Map of British Columbia (1954-1997) was indeed listed but possibly decades ago. The Challenger map looks definitely much smaller than GPMS at 80 x 76 feet (ignore their erroneous conversion to square metres!). Thincat (talk) 14:30, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Unless it is a published fact, we should not say it is a fact. However, Mapa Scotland say the Great Polish Map is 2.8 times bigger in land area than the BC map, so it is valid to report that Mapa Scotland make this claim. Sionk (talk) 15:49, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, and even if we found a reliable independent source (like Guinness) saying the GPMS was the largest, I think even then we could only report the claim and not that it was indeed actually the largest. It would be a better claim, of course. There are no end of uncertainties including how to count dismantled or destroyed constructions. Thincat (talk) 18:18, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

Comments from wkb21 on "largest in the world":

Two other intact 3d terrain models claim to be the largest in the world:

1. The “Challenger” model of British Columbia, (http://www.challengermap.org/home.htm) This map of British Columbia, Canada, claims dimensions of 80ft x 76ft, thus “The Guinness Book of Records cites the Challenger Map as the largest of its' kind in the world. The map in its entirety occupies 6,080 square feet (1,850 square metres) of space.” However, whilst 80ft x 76ft is indeed 6080 sq.ft. – it is not 1850 sq.m! To convert sq.ft. to sq.m. you must multiply by (0.3048 x 0.3048) – which gives 565 sq.m.

2.  There is another map of British Columbia, Canada here, http://www.solidterrainmodeling.com/bc.htm It claims dimensions of 40ft x 74ft = 2960 sq.ft. or 275 sq.m.

The Great Polish Map of Scotland at Barony Castle, Eddleston, Scotland is a 1:10,000 linear scale model of Scotland. Scotland’s land area is 76,409 sq km. At a scale of 1:10,000 this makes the model’s land area alone (without intervening sea areas) 76,409 x 1000 x 1000 sq m) / (10,000 x 10,000) = 764 sq m. So it appears that the Great Polish Map of Scotland is indeed the largest existing 3d terrain model in the world, at 760 sq.m. land area.  Therefore this should be adequate corroboration of Mapa Scotland's claim.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wkb21 (talk • contribs) 16:45, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

 * The BC map is already mentioned in the article. Unfortunately it is not adequate to add our own conclusions to the article - that would be original research, which is not allowed on Wikipedia. We can only include what has been reliably reported. But thanks for your input all the same! Sionk (talk) 18:38, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

The chinese built an Aksai Chin terrain model for military purposes. It measures 900 × 700 m (3,000 × 2,300 ft) - definitely much larger than Mapa Scotland. So I suggest to change the Did you know text from "is claimed to be the largest terrain relief model in the world" into "is claimed to be the largest civilian terrain relief model in the world" Shorr (talk) 06:36, 26 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Impressive!! There's no need to change the DYK text (probably too late now anyway) because the claim is only a claim, not a proven fact. Sionk (talk) 09:10, 26 July 2012 (UTC)

Photos
The photos are a great asset and I like the gallery and layout as it is in the current version. I wonder if it might be good to swap round the "West Coast" and "looking northwards" images since the former is more striking. Mull of Kintyre could be included in the "West Coast" legend since it is a point of focus and some Paul McCartney fans may have heard of this even if they have not heard of Scotland! Thincat (talk) 18:35, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

I have only just realized that Kim has annotated commons:File:The Great Polish Map Of Scotland (Mapa Scotland), Barony Castle.JPG. I don't know about these things but for me this only appears when I look at the file on Commons. Can something be done about this? Also, this might affect my opinion about which photo should be at the top. Anyway, it is worth drawing attention to the annotation in the legend or the text. Thincat (talk) 18:58, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Actually I didn't realise this annotation facility existed for images. Either way I don't think it is appropriate for a main space article. If people want to know which part of Scotland is which, they can find out elsewhere. Sionk (talk) 23:43, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

 * The annotation feature only works at Commons, and even then only when one clicks the description page button below the image one sees when it is first presented. I use this feature quite a lot (see the old maps on the pages for Battle of Pinkie, Siege of Leith and Edinburgh University for example). You have to scroll far down to find the See annotations button, so I don't think many people know this feature exists. I have twice tried to send a message to Commons via the Wikipedia village pump that they should advertise annotations on the first line immediately below the image, so that people become more aware of their existence. I'm sure it would encourage a lot more people to annotate the images they post. Kim Traynor (talk) 15:56, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Re Thincat's suggestion of transposing the images. I have no distinct preference either way, but I think the current lead image has the slight advantage that it attempts to show the whole of the map. Ground-level photos don't do it justice, hence the external link to the RCAHMS aerial images. Kim Traynor (talk) 16:01, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

'Did You Know' nomination
I've submitted a DYK nomination (within the 5-day time limit) currently at Template:Did you know nominations/Great Polish Map of Scotland.

I believe it has to go through a review process before it stands a chance of appearing on the Wikipedia front page, as per Did_you_know

Fingers crossed! Sionk (talk) 15:47, 14 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Things look to be going well. It has passed the major hurdles (quite deservedly). Thincat (talk) 15:05, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks Sionk for taking that initiative. I've only just realised that I've been continuing to discuss the article on my own talkpage rather than here. I have quite a lot on my mind at present! Kim Traynor (talk) 15:58, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

pdf files at www.makers.org.uk
Following the comment at Template:Did_you_know_nominations/Great_Polish_Map_of_Scotland I have added a .pdf extension to the reference to http://www.makers.org.uk/place/scotinscot Surprisingly, both URLs work (for me). I experimented with the other two pdf files referenced to this site: http://www.makers.org.uk/place/breda and http://www.makers.org.uk/place/Maczek and neither work with .pdf extensions. The last two weren't commented on at DYK. I use Firefox but have tested with IE and Chrome with the same results. Thincat (talk) 06:57, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Oh, I forgot to comment on that on the DYK nom, but the same applies for the other two links: I can download the file, add the "pdf" extension and it opens, but my browser (Firefox) doesn't open them by itself. Odd...Constantine  ✍  09:36, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

The map is not the territory
It's rather jarring when the first thing you notice on a page is a photo that is captioned "The West Coast of Scotland viewed from a point off the Mull of Kintyre", but that shows not sea and cliffs but grass and stones!* I've prefixed the caption with "The Great Map: ".

* After reading the article I know that the "stones" are concrete, but they look like stones.

(I couldn't resist the section title. To me as a linguist, this phrase and the metaphor it refers to are part of my everyday vocabulary, but I've never had the opportunity to use it literally before!) --Thnidu (talk) 04:33, 16 March 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Great Polish Map of Scotland


text:
Erich Kuhn

Erich Kuhn (31 July 1890 – 12 February 1967) was a German sculptor. His work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

title: Erich Kuhn


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1919 Kansas Jayhawks football team

The 1919 Kansas Jayhawks football team was an American football team that represented the University of Kansas in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1919 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Leon McCarty, the Jayhawks compiled a 3–2–3 record (1–1–1 against conference opponents), finished in fourth place in the MVC, and outscored opponents by a total of 85 to 35. They played their home games at McCook Field in Lawrence, Kansas. Howard Laslett was the team captain.

title: 1919 Kansas Jayhawks football team


text:
Islam/Hadith

Hadith is the secondary text of Islam. It is a series of collections of sayings (Hadiths). Each saying pertains to the behavior and actions of either the Prophet or his close companions and are meant to be used as guides in everyday life.

Each Hadith is composed of two parts

 * The Isnad: A chain of authors, relating who told it to who over its lifetime. (Think of it as a record of a game of telephone) Each Isnad is inspected to determine the validity of the Hadith it is connected two. A rating system exists to classify Hadiths as Accurate, False, Uknown, Likely, Etc. These determinations are based upon the moral character and litteracy of the authors named in the Isnad as well as the historical consistancy of the chain (People must have lived at the same time to pass on the Hadith). All of these Hadiths are recorded and maintaned for legal purposes, despite their often erroneous nature.

 * The core Hadith saying: Usually a parable in the form of a story about a prophet (often times Jesus) and his actions upon earth. Effective quotes and morals are also found often.

There is no official collection of Hadiths. However, four general collections are regarded by the Sunni as accurate while the Shia regard a different two as legitimate.

title: Islam/Hadith


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Kunice (Prague-East District)

Kunice is a municipality and village in Prague-East District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,800 inhabitants.

Administrative parts
The villages of Dolní Lomnice, Horní Lomnice, Vidovice and Všešímy are administrative parts of Kunice.

Geography
Kunice is located about 15 km southeast of Prague. It lies in the Benešov Uplands. The highest point is at 472 m above sea level.

History
The first written mention of Kunice is from 970, when the local church was founded.

Transport
The D1 motorway from Prague to Brno passes through the municipality.

Sport
The municipality is home to FK Kunice, which plays in lower amateur tiers.

Sights
The main landmark of Kunice is the Church of Saint Mary Magdalene. It was built in the Gothic style in the 14th century and rebuilt in the Baroque style in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Berchtold Castle is located in Vidovice. It was built in 1877. Today it serves as a hotel. The ground floor of the castle is open to the public and houses the municipal museum.

title: Kunice (Prague-East District)


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Miyamae

Miyamae (written: 宮前) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Ami Miyamae (宮前 杏実), member of the Japanese idol girl group SKE48
 * Maki Miyamae (宮前 真樹), Japanese pop singer
 * Shinzan Miyamae Roshi (宮前 心山), Japanese Zen Buddhist rōshi

title: Miyamae


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Rêver mieux

Rêver mieux is the third studio album by Québécois singer and musician Daniel Bélanger. It was his first album to incorporate electronic music elements into his sound, which Bélanger attributed to the influence of recent music by Beth Orton, DJ Shadow and Depeche Mode.

It was certified platinum in January 2002 for selling more than 100,000 copies.

The album's supporting tour was noted for the participation of the then-unknown Ariane Moffatt as a keyboardist and backing vocalist.

Awards
The album was nominated for several Prix Félix in 2002, winning for Best Album and Best Pop Rock Album. Bélanger also won the award for Best Concert, and was cowinner with Garou of the award for Best Male Artist. The album won the Juno Award for Francophone Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2003, and was shortlisted for Album of the Year.

Track listing

 * 1) "Te quitter" - 3:48
 * 2) "Fous n'importe où" - 3:59
 * 3) "Chante encore" - 4:30
 * 4) "Une femme, un train, un homme et une gare" - 4:12
 * 5) "Dans un spoutnik" - 5:35
 * 6) "Tu tombes" - 3:12
 * 7) "Une chanson pour moi" - 2:59
 * 8) "Dis tout sans rien dire" - 3:23
 * 9) "Intouchable et immortel" - 7:56
 * 10) "Fugue en sol inconnu" - 4:37
 * 11) "Air pur" - 5:53
 * 12) "Rêver mieux" - 3:19
 * 13) "Comme des amants" - 3:48
 * 14) "Revivre" - 3:21

title: Rêver mieux


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Walther-Peer Fellgiebel

The result was delete. The "keep" opinions don't come close to addressing the sourcing concerns.  Sandstein  18:44, 19 September 2020 (UTC)

Walther-Peer Fellgiebel

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Fails notability standard under WP:BIO and WP:SOLDIER. Also appears to contain a significant amount of WP:OR. —Brigade Piron (talk) 09:45, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of People-related deletion discussions. —Brigade Piron (talk) 09:45, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Military-related deletion discussions. —Brigade Piron (talk) 09:45, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Germany-related deletion discussions. —Brigade Piron (talk) 09:45, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete fails WP:SOLDIER and WP:GNG. Mztourist (talk) 12:45, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment maybe something to consider, see the German Wikipedia article on Fellgiebel, his biography is listed in Habel, Walter (1990) Wer ist wer? The German version of Who's Who (UK). 29th Edition. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, ISBN 3-7950-2010-7. Cheers MisterBee1966 (talk) 07:28, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
 *  Weak keep Redirect to Zündwaren monopoly (see my later comment) While he clearly doesn't meet criteria #1–7 of WP:SOLDIER, I think we need to consider that his book was, for quite a period of time, considered a reference on Knight's Cross recipients, and he might meet criteria #8 on that basis. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 04:12, 27 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Please do remember that WP:SOLDIER is only an essay on notability and does not get around the requirements in WP:BIO for "significant coverage in multiple published secondary sources". —Brigade Piron (talk) 08:01, 27 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I am entirely familiar with the status of it as a SNG, but it has been proven over and over again to be a good indication of notability. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 08:07, 27 August 2020 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Salvio 12:09, 27 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment Fellgiebel was the last member of the board of directors of the Zündwaren monopoly before it ended in 1983, I added this info with references. Note, this info had been removed in a previous edit. Cheers MisterBee1966 (talk) 13:07, 27 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment I've requested a couple of sources via WP:RSX, one is the Wer ist wer? entry, and the other is a economic Who's Who? for Germany that looks like it talks about former Wehrmacht officers that became captains of industry post-war. I suggest this isn't closed until the busy elves at RSX have had a chance to see if they can access them. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 10:19, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I am not familiar with Wer ist wer?, but I doubt it's any help in establishing notability. If it is anything like Who's Who (UK), it will include any local councilor, lawyer, association president, and businessman active for the post-war period. It may well also allow people to buy inclusion. —Brigade Piron (talk) 10:51, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Where’s your evidence for that? Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 11:18, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I have none, especially since I do not speak German. But one reference in a professional directory will never equal "significant coverage in multiple published secondary sources" for the purposes of WP:BIO. Even if it is otherwise reliable as a source, an entry of a couple of lines is not "significant coverage" and it is also probably WP:PRIMARY anyway. Plus the "multiple sources" bit is still a problem! —Brigade Piron (talk) 11:30, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
 * You are making a lot of assumptions without seeing what the sources say. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 22:09, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
 * See WP:NOTDIRECTORY. —Brigade Piron (talk) 09:10, 8 September 2020 (UTC)
 * How exactly is that relevant? Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 09:11, 8 September 2020 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus. Relisting comment: Would benefit from some further input

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Eddie891 Talk Work 23:12, 7 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment am not having much joy at RSX, if nothing turns up in a week or so, I think this should be closed. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 00:37, 8 September 2020 (UTC)
 * keep (as creator of the article) the article is currently referenced with six independant sources, six other language Wikipedias have an article on Fellgiebel, authority control reveals six entries (BNF: cb14547441s (data) GND:<PHONE_NUMBER> ISNI: 0000 0000 2779 3929 LCCN: n87940223 VIAF: 77001355 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n87940223), Cheers MisterBee1966 (talk) 05:41, 8 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I think "currently referenced with six independant sources" is rather disingenous. For example, this article merely references a press release made by WPF on behalf of his match business while this article is clearly about Erich Fellgiebel (see WP:NOTINHERITED) and makes as much reference to WPF as it does to half-a-dozen of siblings and cousins. This article literally mentions his name (and no more!) as one of Erich's children. I cannot see how this can possibly constitute "significant coverage" in published sources.—Brigade Piron (talk) 09:05, 8 September 2020 (UTC)

KEEP. If only for the controversy surrounding the books he has produced on Nazi era decorations. Dapi89 (talk) 18:28, 10 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete: Doesn't meet GNG, BASIC or NSOLDIER. This leaves NAUTHOR #1, #3.
 * I don't see that he meets #1 ''"The person is regarded as an important figure or is widely cited by peers or successors." His field would be military history, and I don't believe he is an important person in this field or is widely cited by other military historians. He himself noted how his work was in ways lacking. He might be in a very niche community, but thats the extent of it. He doesn't meet this point.
 * #3 ''"The person has created or played a major role in co-creating a significant or well-known work ... such work must have been the primary subject of an independent and notable work". Again this is a niche community, not something that is well known or significant beyond. In addition, there work is not the primary subject of an independent and notable work. He doesn't meet this point
 * If there was an article about the book, it would have a redirect/merge target, but there isn't and I don't know if the book would have RS that would make it meet WP:NBOOK. Again he himself noted how his work was in ways lacking.  // Timothy ::  talk  21:04, 18 September 2020 (UTC)   // Timothy ::  talk  21:04, 18 September 2020 (UTC)

 * I think any basis of notability isn't going to be based on NAUTHOR, but GNG on the basis of being in charge of the Zündwaren monopoly, as there is no SNG for industrialists. Given RX hasn't been able to produce the two sources I was after, I think this should be redirected to Zündwaren monopoly. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 02:10, 19 September 2020 (UTC)
 * "Industrialist"? Do we even know how many members of the board of directors there were at any one point? Could have been literally dozens. —Brigade Piron (talk) 13:06, 19 September 2020 (UTC)
 * The sources say he was the head of the board (unter der Leitung von Fellgiebel) Cheers MisterBee1966 (talk) 14:51, 19 September 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete per the nom. Fails WP:SOLDIER and WP:GNG. Living through extraordinary times or working for a business with a quirky setup do not make anyone notable. Newshunter12 (talk) 18:04, 19 September 2020 (UTC)


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Pokuase Interchange

The Pokuase Interchange is a four level stack interchange situated at Pokuase Junction, in Accra, Ghana. It is the largest interchange in West Africa upon its completion. The interchange was originally a three-tier as proposed by the John Dramani Mahama in 2016 but was modified on the advice of the constructor by the Akufo-Addo administration to a four-tier thereby making it the largest in West Africa. Construction began in 2018 and was commissioned for use on 9 July 2021 by president Nana Akuffo Addo. It lies on the Nsawam Road and connects the Nsawam Road to the George Walker Bush Highway.

Financing
On 28th September 2016, the government of Ghana under the leadership of John Dramani Mahama signed a loan agreement with the African Development Bank to construct a three-tier interchange at Pokuase ACP Junction. The interchange's cost is estimated at 94.8 million dollars and funded by the African Development Bank and the Government of Ghana.

Controversy
Although the funding was secured by the John Dramani Mahama government for a three-tier interchange, the project did not commence. In July 2018, the new government led by Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo redesigned it into a four-tier interchange. During the commissioning of the project the president, Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, stated it was due to his hard work and effort that made it possible for the interchange to be constructed. The opposition National Democratic Congress did not take it lightly with several weeks of debate ensuing.

title: Pokuase Interchange


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Terasaka

Terasaka (written: 寺坂 or 寺阪) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Kento Terasaka (寺坂 研人), Japanese manga artist
 * Terasaka Yakuro Masatsune (赤坂 弥九郎 政雅, 1567 – 1594), chief priest at the Buddhist temple Tennenji near Kyoto
 * Terasaka Kichiemon (寺坂 吉右衛門, 1665 – 1747), Japanese Samurai

Fictional characters

 * Ryōma Terasaka (寺坂 竜馬), a character in the manga series Assassination Classroom

title: Terasaka


text:
The Pagan Beliefs Surrounding Christmas/Traditions of Christmas

Another aspect of Christmas that receives much criticism is its traditions. Traditions such as kissing under mistletoe are very popular, but have no biblical reference at all. Bill McLain wrote in his book, “There are many legends about mistletoe. One Scandinavian legend states that Loki, the god of destruction, killed Baldur, the god of peace, by shooting him with an arrow made from mistletoe. Other gods and goddesses were saddened by Baldur’s death and asked that his life be restored, which it was. In appreciation, his mother Frigga hung up the mistletoe and promised to kiss all who passed under it. Because of this, mistletoe became the symbol of both forgiveness and love.” There are also a few other beliefs of mistletoe from around the world. During the Middle Ages, people would hang mistletoe over doors and on their ceilings to scare off evil spirits and prevent witches from entering. In addition, there is an old superstition that if you place a twig of mistletoe under your pillow you will not have any nightmares.


text:
Talk:Vernon Ayres

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 16:50, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vernon Ayres


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Stéphanie Empain

Stéphanie Empain (born 11 August 1983 in Luxembourg City) is a Luxembourgish politician of The Greens party.

Studies and professional career
She studied political science and obtained a Master of Arts degree. She served in the general staff of the Luxembourg Army for two years, then she worked as the head of the Éislek regional tourism office for six years.

In 2015, she founded a company that produces reusable nappies for infants.

On 1 December 2018 she succeeded Claude Haagen as the chairwoman of the Luxembourg Athletics Federation.

Political activity
Empain was active within the youth section of The Greens party for several years. She stood in the 2018 general election after Françoise Folmer resigned from the co-chairwomanship of the party. Following the election, Claude Turmes became the Minister of Planning and Energy within the Bettel II Government and was replaced by Empain as one of the deputies of the Nord constituency.

Private life
Empain is a married mother of two and resides in Erpeldange.

title: Stéphanie Empain


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Cycling at the 2002 Commonwealth Games – Women's 500 m time trial

The women's 500 m time trial at the 2002 Commonwealth Games, was part of the cycling programme, which took place on 28 July 2002.

Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Games records were as follows:


text:
User:VISHAL DEEP BANSAL/sandbox

Question Bank in Electronic Devices and Circuits

'''Q-1) Hertz performed the first experiment on generation of_____?

(a) E-waves (b) M-waves (c) EM-waves (d) None of these'''

answer(d)-Hertz performed the first experiment on the generation of Electromagnetic waves.

'''Q-2) H.A. Lorentz suggested the existence of discrete charges called____?

(a) Electrons (b) Protons (c) Neutrons (d) None of these'''

answer(a)- Lorentz suggested the existence of negatively charged particle called electron.

title: User:VISHAL DEEP BANSAL/sandbox


text:
Fritz Mercur

Fritz Mercur (June 23, 1903 – September 1961) was an American tennis player. He was an insurance salesman. In a twenty-year career, Mercur was an inconsistent performer, but at his best had a victory over Bill Tilden (at a tournament at Rye in 1928) to his name.

Mercur made his debut at the U. S. Championships in 1921 and lost in round one to that year's finalist Wallace F. Johnson. Mercur lost early at the U. S. championships in 1923, 1924, 1926, 1927 and 1928. In 1929 Mercur beat Wilmer Allison before losing to Frank Hunter in the semi-finals. In beating Allison (the champion in 1935), Mercur came to the net and beat Allison at his own game. Mercur lost early in 1930, 1932, 1935, 1936 and 1937.

Mercur won the New York State Championships in 1928 defeating Wilmer Allison in the final in three straight sets. The following season he won the Southampton Invitation on Long Island N.Y. for 1929 defeating John Doeg in the final in three straight sets. Also in 1929, Mercur won the Florida East Coast Championships defeating Allison in the final in a close five set match.

title: Fritz Mercur


text:
Jimmy Napes

James Napier (born 18 September 1984), known professionally as Jimmy Napes, is an English songwriter and record producer. He has won a number of awards, including an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, 3 Grammy Awards, and 2 Ivor Novello Awards. Napier is best known for his work with Sam Smith ("Stay with Me", "Writing's on the Wall", "Lay Me Down", "Too Good at Goodbyes", "Dancing with a Stranger"), Disclosure ("Latch", "You & Me", "White Noise", "Magnets"), Clean Bandit ("Rather Be")‚ Stormzy ("Crown") and Taylor Swift ("Christmas Tree Farm"). Napier also has songwriting and producer credits with artists including Alicia Keys, Jess Glynne, Khalid, Normani, Kano, Dave, Rita Ora, Ellie Goulding, Mary J. Blige, Madonna, James Bay and more.

Life
The son of John Napier, a British theatre designer, and Donna King, an American dancer and actress, Napes grew up in England. From the age of eleven he went to University College School in Hampstead.

In 2010, he worked with Eliza Doolittle on her album of the same name. Since then, he has written for (and co-written with) several other artists, including Disclosure, Sam Smith, Clean Bandit and Mary J. Blige. In 2015, he earned a Grammy Award for Song of the Year for his work on Smith's "Stay with Me", co-written with Smith and Tourist. In the same year, Napes also won the Ivor Novello Award for Best Contemporary Song for co-writing Clean Bandit's "Rather Be".

Napes released his debut EP as a singer, The Making of Me, on Method Records in March 2015. For co-writing "Writing's on the Wall" with Sam Smith, Napes won the Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Original Song.

Napes has a son, born in 2015. Sam Smith is a godparent to Napes' son.

Extended plays

 * The Making of Me (2015)

title: Jimmy Napes


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User:Domani~enwikiversity

Looking Toward DOMANI

What I'm pondering…

In an effort to vitalize the content of Wikiversity and have it regarded as a unique approach to learning, innovation is a requisite. Building a course that combines aspects of theoretical history, anthropology, computer science, philosophy, and biotechnology is a daunting task, but I believe that the answer to the world's broadest questions concerning future global sustainability can be accessed via such an innovative angle. If enough scholars are cultivated in this line of thinking, something beneficial may result. Please offer me your feedback and ideas.

title: User:Domani~enwikiversity


text:
Nick Rush

Larry Nicholas "Nick" Rush (born March 8, 1968, in Christiansburg, Virginia) is an American politician of the Republican Party. Since early 2012, he has been a member of the Virginia House of Delegates. .

Early life and education
After graduating from Christiansburg High School, Rush served the United States Army as a paratrooper in the 82nd Airborne Division. Nick left active duty as a non-commissioned officer in 1989.

Career
At 23 years old, he was elected to the Montgomery County Board of Supervisors as the youngest member in history. Rush served for 12 years on the board representing District B and is a former Chairman and Vice Chairman.

Rush has always been an active member of his community serving it in a volunteer capacity through these statewide and community groups: New River Valley Community Action Board of Directors; New River Valley Economic Development Alliance; Floyd, Pulaski, and Montgomery County Chambers of Commerce.

Legislative initiatives
HB 1733 was introduced by Rush to create the Advanced Production Grant Program and Fund to make grant payments of $7 million over a five-year period to an eligible business transportation manufacturer and producer that engages in the production of business trucks, and that makes a capital investment of at least $58 million at a facility in Pittsylvania County and creates at least 703 new full-time jobs at the facility.

HJ 705 is a recognition of Cameron Crowder Pediatric Care Awareness Day in Virginia annually on October 22 to recognize the work that pediatric emergency care providers do on a daily basis.

HB 2490 is a grant fund established for the Tech Talent Investment Program. This bill creates a grant program to assist qualified public institutions of higher education (defined in the bill) in reaching, by 2039, a goal of increasing by at least 25,000 degrees the number of bachelor's and master's degrees awarded in computer science, computer engineering, and closely related fields, or that otherwise align with traded-sector, technology-focused growth opportunities identified by the Virginia Economic Development Partnership Authority.

HB 2181 authorizes the establishment of the Radford University-Roanoke Division. Through the acquisition of the Jefferson College of Health Sciences, the bill authorizes the Board of Visitors to (i) exercise the same powers with respect to the operation of the Division as are vested in the board regarding the University and (ii) offer at the Division all programs of instruction offered by Jefferson College of Health Sciences at the time of acquisition, including associate-degree programs.

HB 2180 is a bill designed to create a Semiconductor Manufacturing Grant Fund for the awarding of grants to qualified semiconductor manufacturing companies. A grant of up to $50 million in the fiscal year 2020 and a grant of up to $20 million in the fiscal year 2021 can be awarded to those companies that invest at least $2.98 billion in a qualified locality, and those companies that create and maintain 1,106 new jobs with an average annual wage of $92,000 a year for those jobs.

HJ42 is a proposal that establishes the official recognition of General Casimir Pulaski Day in Virginia on October 11. General Pulaski was a Polish military officer that led a fleet across the Atlantic in 1777 to help the Revolutionary forces during the American Revolutionary War. Pulaski wrote to General George Washington saying, "I came here, where freedom is being defended, to serve it, and to live or die for it." Pulaski's cavalry at the Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777, not only saved Washington's life, but they also saved the Continental Army from what was sure to be a disastrous defeat. General Pulaski later was fatally wounded in the Second Battle of Savannah and later perished at sea on October 11, 1779. To recognize the sacrifice of General Pulaski, the General Assembly named Pulaski County in honor of the General's service to the American Revolution.

HB2074 is a proposal that establishes an individual and corporate tax break for income earned from investments in venture capital accounts. In order to qualify, an account must have 50% or more of its holdings in qualified portfolio companies, which is defined as a company that has its principal place of business in the Commonwealth of Virginia and that has a primary purpose of production, sale, research, or development of a product or service and provides equity in exchange for the investment. The income tax break is available only for an investment made on or after January 1, 2018, but before December 31, 2023. The bill passed the House and Senate, and was signed by Governor Terry McAuliffe.

HB1692 also known as the ‘Flat-Fee Degree,’ is a higher education proposal introduced during the 2015 Legislative Session. The proposal establishes discounted tuition and fees for students pursuing degrees in high demand fields. Students pursuing high demand degrees, such education, nursing, and Information Technology (IT) have the opportunity to graduate college without massive debt so long as the students satisfy the requirements of the Flat-Fee Degree. These requirements include graduating on time or earlier, relinquishing certain amenities such as on-campus living or football / basketball ticket lotteries, and requiring students to take summer courses in order to use buildings that are underutilized. The bill is currently being studied by the Joint Commission on Higher Education.

HB672 is an economic development bill introduced in the 2014 Legislative Session by Delegate Charles Poindexter and Chief Co-Patroned by Delegate Rush. Under this legislation, if a company creates at least 25 new, permanent, full-time positions within the Commonwealth, that company would be eligible for a one time grant of $1,000 per position. The per-position fund will grow depending on the amount of new, full-time positions created. For example, if a company relocates to Virginia and creates 100 new jobs, that company will be eligible for $3,000 per position, up to a maximum total of $500,000 within a state fiscal year. The bill passed the House and Senate, and was signed by Governor Terry McAuliffe.

HB1485, which was introduced by Rush and passed during the 2013 Legislative Session, is a proposal that would permit the Commissioner of the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) to postpone expiration of vehicle registrations if the DMV is unable to operate for reasons beyond its control. The postponement is then authorized by the Governor. This bill was utilized on January 30, 2015, when an internal power disruption temporarily interrupted DMV electronic services provided by the Commonwealth's data center. This disruption greatly impacted the ability of many Virginians to renew their driver's licenses and vehicle registration, which could have resulted in unnecessary fees for many drivers. However, because of this bill, those fees were prevented.

Personal life
Nick and his wife, Jennifer currently reside in Christiansburg with their daughter who is currently attending high school. Nick's oldest son, Cody, graduated from Virginia Tech, was commissioned into the U.S. Army, and most recently was selected as a U.S. Army Congressional Fellow, serving and living in Washington, D.C., with his wife, Tiffany, and their two children. Nick's youngest son, Forrest, also graduated from Virginia Tech and was commissioned into the U.S. Army. He completed his time in service last Fall, and returned to Southwest Virginia with his wife, Mary Beth.

title: Nick Rush


text:
Critical Pedagogy

Critical pedagogy is a teaching approach inspired by critical theory and other radical philosophies, which attempts to help students question and challenge posited "domination," and to undermine the beliefs and practices that are alleged to dominate. In other words, it is a theory and practice of helping students achieve "critical consciousness."

Critical pedagogic educator Ira Shor defines critical pedagogy as:

"Habits of thought, reading, writing, and speaking which go beneath surface meaning, first impressions, dominant myths, official pronouncements, traditional cliches, received wisdom, and mere opinions, to understand the deep meaning, root causes, social context, ideology, and personal consequences of any action, event, object, process, organization, experience, text, subject matter, policy, mass media, or discourse. (Empowering Education, 129)"

In this tradition the teacher works to lead students to question ideologies and practices considered oppressive (including those at school), and encourage "liberatory" collective and individual responses to the actual conditions of their own lives.

The student often begins as a member of the group or process he or she is critically studying (e.g., religion, national identity, cultural norms, or expected roles). After the student begins to view present society as deeply problematic, the next behavior encouraged is sharing this knowledge, paired with an attempt to change the perceived oppression of the society. A good picture of this development from social member to dissident to radical teacher/learner is offered in both Paulo Freire's book Pedagogy of the Oppressed, and bell hooks' book Teaching to Transgress. An earlier propenent of a more active classroom, where students direct the epistemological method as well as the actual object(s) of inquiry is the late Neil Postman. In his Teaching as a Subversive Activity, Postman suggests creating a class where students themselves are entirely in control of the syllabus, class activities, and grading.

Topics Introduced
To help encourage students to change their view from accepting the social norms (viewed by critics as being gullible) into being independently critical (viewed by mainstream society as being cynical) the instructors often introduce challenges to heroic icons and self-edifying history using contradictory reports or external points of view of the same subjects.

Generalized Examples
To encourage students to become critical the instructor might use these tasks to challenge the generally accepted paradigm of the student's society:
 * Prompt the student to investigate a war that his or her society has waged and considered just and critically evaluate if it meets the criteria of a just war.
 * Encourage students to explore issues of power in their own families.
 * To lead students to examine the underlying messages of popular culture and mass media.
 * Require the evaluation of existing controversies in contemporary society, such as the relative merits of U.S. government spending on atomic weapons versus international health programs.
 * Ask whether the metaphoric emperor is, in fact, clothed.

Real-world examples of concepts often introduced to generate critical thinking:
 * A challenge to the reverential mythology around Christopher Columbus and leading students to investigate primary sources by and about the historical figure. One might possibly suggest sources such as the Black Legend, or other sources that cast more disconcerting views on the legacy of his efforts.

Results
A prevalent result of critical pedagogy is that students view certain aspects of their lifestyles, nation, or culture critically for the first time.

As an example, someone who follows this means of learning about the United States culture may develop a view that most people in Western society are sleepwalking through a banal existence of consumption, obedience, and propaganda, and that they need to be awakened.

Call to Action
Most instructors of critical pedagogy encourage students who have reached the cognitive state perceived as "enlightened" to share their knowledge in an attempt to reveal perceived failings of society with the goal of fostering what critical pedagogy regards as positive change. Other critical pedagogues, however, are suspicious of the claims encountered in certain modernist emancipatory discourses. Rather than seeking to 'enlighten' the 'gullible,' these instructors explore concepts of identity, history, desire, etc. with learners, and any subsequent calls to action are made by learners.

History
During South African apartheid, legal racialization implemented by the regime drove members of the radical leftist Teachers' League of South Africa to employ critical pedagogy with a focus on nonracialism in Cape Town schools and prisons. Teachers collaborated loosely to subvert the racist curriculum and encourage critical examination of political and social circumstances in terms of humanist and democratic ideologies. The efforts of such teachers are credited with having bolstered student resistance and activism.

Literature
"Famous" authors of critical pedagogy texts include Paulo Freire, Rich Gibson, Michael Apple, Henry Giroux, Peter McLaren, Joe L. Kincheloe, Howard Zinn, Antonia Darder and others. Famous educationalists including Jonathan Kozol and Parker Palmer are sometimes included in this category. Other critical pedagogues more famous for their anti-schooling, unschooling, or deschooling perspectives include Ivan Illich, John Holt, Ira Shor, John Taylor Gatto, and Matt Hern. Much of the work draws on feminism, marxism, Lukacs, Wilhelm Reich, post-colonialism, and the discourse theories of Edward Said, Antonio Gramsci and Michel Foucault. Radical Teacher is a magazine dedicated to critical pedagogy and issues of interest to critical educators. The Rouge Forum is an online organization led by people involved with critical pedagogy.

Movies
A number of motion pictures have been used as case studies or object lessons in critical pedagogy, but this does not necessarily imply that the writers and directors of these films endorse radical left-wing politics, or that the films are necessarily allegorical.

 * In the movie The Matrix, the setting is an artificial construction of oppression that instills complacency in its captives through a form of virtual reality, much like the World Wide Web you are currently immersed in. The movie's initial conflict sees the protagonist Neo coming to grips with this truth by suspending belief of the reality he has accepted as unquestionable.

 * In John Carpenter's "They Live" special sunglasses help the protagonist see the hidden messages that lull the population to sleep and seduce them to obedience. These special sunglasses are regarded by some as a visual metaphor for critical consciousness. But this sort of consciousness is disturbing, and the protagonist has to fight to get someone else to put the glasses on.

 * In the biographical film Stand and Deliver Jaime Escalante challenges urban students to excel at math.

 * Dead Poets Society, a Peter Weir film, is set in a 1950's American prep school. Teacher John Keating encourages students to think freely, challenge social norms and "seize the day."

 * In the movie "Accepted", when faced with cultural and parental pressures to attend college, a group of non-admitted recent high school graduates creates a fictitious college. Obstensibly a teen comedy, accepted is said by some to exemplify Freire's notion of critical pedagogy by showcasing the learning that takes place when students are confronted with the question "What do you want to learn?" while they are exhorted by an iconoclast academic to question various societal assumptions.

Music

 * When I think back on all the crap I learned in high school, it's a wonder I can think at all.
 * — Paul Simon, Kodachrome

 * We don't need no education, We don't need no thought-control. No dark sarcasm in the classroom - Teacher, leave those kids alone! All in all, you're just another brick in the wall.
 * — Pink Floyd, Another Brick in the Wall part 2

Interestingly though, all the surviving pupils who took part in the Pink Floyd recording collectively agree they would not now support as radical a position as the sentiments expressed by the composers in this song.

 * The teacher stands in front of the class, but the lesson plan he can't recall. The student's eyes don't perceive the lies bouncing off every fucking wall. His composure is well kept, I guess he fears playing the fool. The complacent students sit and listen to some of that bullshit that he learned in school.
 * — Zack de la Rocha, Rage Against the Machine, Take the Power Back

These are a few examples of musical artists who have explored the world of critical pedagogy. Artists as diverse as Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Public Enemy, System of a Down, Propagandhi, The Beatles,dead prez, the coup and Eminem have been viewed as raising critical consciousness and challenging authority through some of their works.

Other media
Critical pedagogy is used throughout Grant Morrison's comic book The Invisibles. It is a major theme and plot device through out the series, particularly in the first few issues and the final series.

Also, the book intended for adolescents, "The Giver" by Lois Lowry, depicts an apparently utopian society that is gradually revealed as dystopic. Jonas, the story's protagonist, becomes the "Receiver of Memory" and undergoes a process that some argue is comparable to the development of critical consciousness. Despite the criticisms of various conservative groups who cite that the ideas in the book are inappropriate for children, the book is still included on the middle school reading lists of many school districts.

Critiques of Critical Pedagogy
Critical pedagogy has its critics. They attack the methodology, the goal, and appearances. Below are some contrary views.
 * Teachers that use this method will often bias the class towards an anti-status quo position instead of allowing students to decide if they agree or disagree with the situation at hand [ref?].
 * This approach to understanding the nature of society is often presented in a very intellectual fashion. When an individual attains the interest to find out the validity of the statements they inherently must consider themselves separate from the rest of society. Critics will describe such a self-image as being elitist in a way which excludes the bulk of society thus preventing progress [ref?].
 * The goal exceeds the desire to instill creativity and exploration by encouraging detrimental disdain for tradition, hierarchy (such as parental control over children), and self-isolation [ref?].
 * Such a high degree of distrust in generally accepted truths will create or perpetuate conspiracy theories [ref?].
 * Critical pedagogists selectively pick icons to interrogate and subvert: for example, Thomas Jefferson but not Martin Luther King [ref?].
 * Many people involved in critical pedagogy have never been involved in serious struggles and have used the field to build themselves and a small publishing cabal rather than a social movement. Paulo Freire, for example, can be criticized for being for revolution wherever he was not, and for reform wherever he was [ref?].
 * Critical pedagogy is, in many instances, a movement in opposition to revolutionary or marxist movements as easily seen in its roots in Catholic base communities of Latin America, created to stave off the potential of class war. Much of critical pedagogy focuses on culture, language, and abstractions about domination rather than criticizing the centrality of class, alienation, and exploitation [ref?].
 * Rather than "liberating" student thought, teachers replace a cultural bias with their own bias [ref?].

title: Critical Pedagogy


text:
1892 Kansas Jayhawks football team

The 1892 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Western Interstate University Football Association (WIUFA) during the 1892 college football season. In their first season under head coach A. W. Shepard, the Jayhawks compiled a 7–1 record (3–0 against conference opponents), won the conference championship, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 144 to 36. The Jayhawks played home games at McCook Field in Lawrence, Kansas. John Kenzie was the team captain.

title: 1892 Kansas Jayhawks football team


text:
Hindi/Core grammar

This page is part of the Hindi course.

Word order
The word order in Hindi/Urdu is:
 * The adjective is before the noun
 * The verb is always at the end of the phrase
 * Similar to Classical Latin and Greek in structure

Hindi: N1 A1 N2 postp1 N3 postp2 N4 cmkr3 LtV1 LtV2 VectorVerb AuxBe

English: N1 Verb prep3 N4 prep2 N3 prep1 A1 N2

The word order can change to put emphasis on a part of the sentence.

So to say My friend's pretty mother cooks food very well, Mere dost ki khoobsurat ma khana aachese banathi. Translated word for word, this is ''My friend of pretty mother food well cooks."

Simple way to order words in a sentence: Adjective subject object verb adverbs

Sentence components

 * case markers and compound post-positions mark the various arguments given to a verb
 * many predicates are so-called light verb expressions, consisting of several words followed by a vector verb. The most common of these vectors are the verbs karnā (to do) and honā (to be or, to happen).

Case markers

 * ne - marks the subject or topic (but only in the past perfective tense for transitive verbs)
 * ka/ke/ki - marks the genitive
 * ko - marks the accusative or dative, although occasionally this is the subject
 * se - typically means "from" or "by", also marks the passive agent
 * mein, par - locative "in", "at"

Subjects, objects, and destinations are sometimes not marked at all.

Compound post-positions
Most English prepositions (which don't otherwise translate with a case marker) will translate with a ke/ki followed by a noun. It is useful to think of the ke/ki paired with these particular nouns as being a compound post-position.

e.g. - "Anyone" + "ke khilaf" means "against" + "Anyone"

title: Hindi/Core grammar


text:
Cecilia Ogwal

Cecilia Barbara Atim Ogwal (6 December 1946 – 18 January 2024) was a Ugandan politician, businesswoman and management consultant. She was the Member of Parliament for the Dokolo District Women's Constituency. She was a member of Uganda's legislature continuously from 1996 until her death.

Background and education
Cecilia Atim Ogwal was born in Dokolo District, British Protectorate of Uganda, on 6 December 1946. She attended local schools in Uganda. In 1967, at the age of 21, she was admitted to the University of East Africa in Nairobi (now known as the University of Nairobi) to study for a Bachelor of Commerce degree. She graduated from Nairobi University in 1970. She also held a Certificate in Human Resources Management from what was then called the Institute of Public Administration, but is now known as Uganda Management Institute. She held two other certificates; one in Christian-Based Values from the Haggai Institute, Singapore, and the other in Public-Private Partnership, from Australia.

Career
From 1979 until 1980, Ogwal worked at the Uganda Embassy in Kenya, as the Liaison Officer for Returning Ugandan Refugees. From 1980 until 1981, she worked as the Operations Manager at the Uganda Advisory Board of Trade. In 1982, she was one of the founders of Housing Finance Bank, working there until 1984. She served as the Chairperson of Uganda Development Bank, from 1981 until 1986.

Ogwal became involved in Ugandan politics, serving as the Acting Secretary General of Uganda People's Congress (UPC) from 1985 to 1992. In 1994, she was part of the Constituent Assembly which drafted and promulgated the 1995 Ugandan Constitution. She remained a high-ranking official in the UPC political party until 2004. During the 2006 parliamentary elections, she lost her Lira Municipality seat to Jimmy Akena, the son of UPC founder Milton Obote. In 2011, Ogwal contested and won the Women's Representative seat for the newly created Dokolo District. This time she switched political parties and ran as a full member of the Forum for Democratic Change party.

Parliamentary duties
Ogwal was a member of parliamentary Committee of Physical Infrastructure in charge of overseeing and covering policy matters related to Lands, Housing, Urban development, Works and Transport, and Physical Planning. She was also a member of the budget committee.

Personal life and death
In 1969, at the age of 23, she won the "Miss Uganda" contest.

Ogwal was a married mother of seven natural children and several adopted ones. She died of cancer in India on 18 January 2024, at the age of 77.

title: Cecilia Ogwal


text:
Creative Commons

Creative Commons provide an increasingly popular form of open licensing options. From CreativeCommons.org:
 * Creative Commons provides free tools that let authors, scientists, artists, and educators easily mark their creative work with the freedoms they want it to carry. You can use CC to change your copyright terms from "All Rights Reserved" to "Some Rights Reserved".

Share, reuse, and remix — legally
This unit is here to explore Creative Commons licensing and its implications for academic and educational use. Copyright (or copyleft) aspects apply to many activities such as original research, composition, photography, cartography, musical works and many other endeavors that need to be "protected" in some way. We shall use this resource to explore and discuss the various types and kinds of CC licenses and research and compare them with other copyright and copyleft devices. We may also explore the technical and social ramifications of the introduction of the Commons mindset to the Internet world.

Explanations of the licenses

 * Creative Commons Spectrum of Rights

Licenses
The following licenses have been offered and used:
 * Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)
 * This is the least restrictive license. It allows unrestricted commercial, remixing, and all other permissive uses as long as licensing terms are complied. A CC BY material can be adapted into other materials that would be subject to additional copyright restrictions.
 * Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)
 * Same purpose as CC BY. However, the license requires a licensee to use the same license or a compatible one to adapt a material into others. Moreover, it forbids a licensee from adding one's own copyright restrictions without permission for an adaptation of the licensed content.
 * Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives (CC BY-ND)
 * Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)
 * Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA)
 * Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND)
 * This is the most restrictive license. It allows neither commercial use nor derivatives without the copyright holder's permission.
 * Creative Commons Zero
 * This license automatically waives all rights of a copyright holder and releases a work into the public domain worldwide.

Wikimedia projects accept CC BY and CC BY-SA because they are considered free licenses under the definition of Free Cultural Works. Other CC licenses are considered non-free; text content licensed under one of the "non-free" CC licenses cannot be imported into one of Wikimedia projects, so they may be suitable elsewhere. However, images licensed under one of the "non-free" CC licenses are acceptable only if they are also concurrently licensed under a free license, like CC BY. Otherwise, images licensed under only one "non-free" CC license are unacceptable.

Current Wikiversity license(s)
Wikiversity now uses the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license which is very similar to the GFDL. Both licenses allow re-use of a work as long as attribution is given to the author(s) and as long as derivative works are also licensed copyleft.

Reasons for switching from the GFDL to a CC license
The Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license is better suited for wikis; the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) was designed for software manuals. Furthermore, you can use CC-BY-SA works as part of other works with various licenses; you cannot do the same thing with GFDL works.

In addition, Wikivoyage doesn't use GFDL but instead uses solely CC BY-SA for similar reasons.

In 2018, the Wikimedia Commons community decided to restrict usage of GFDL for non-software works. While such works licensed under GFDL before 15 October 2018 still remain, the ones licensed under only GFDL on or after that date are no longer accepted. Instead, if GFDL is to be used for non-software works, such work must be also licensed under a free license, like CC BY-SA.

Reasons for using CC BY-SA instead of CC BY
While CC BY is the least restrictive CC license, any content remixing or adapting the CC BY material would be subject to additional copyright restrictions and/or be claimed as the adapter's own exclusive work, especially if Wikipedia were to use CC BY. Moreover, as long as the adapter follows the licensing terms, a case of copyright infringement would be impossible. Furthermore, if Wikipedia would use CC BY, other editors would face difficulties on using the more-restricted material adapted from Wikipedia content. "ShareAlike" license allows reuse of free content but also requires licensees to use the same license or a more compatible one. It also is used by most Wikimedia projects, such as Wikipedia, to limit how the content can be adapted into other materials and to make content stay free and easier to reuse. A CC BY material can be adapted into a CC BY-SA material. However, CC BY is incompatible with CC BY-SA, so either the same author must switch from CC BY-SA to CC BY to re-license the same work, or a CC BY-SA material cannot be adapted into a CC BY material.

On the contrary, Wikinews uses CC BY 2.5 Generic, and Wikidata uses CC Zero, which are allowed as "exceptions" under WMF's Terms of use.

License Versions
Licenses in versions before the version 4.0 International are less clear and not as international-friendly as the latest version. Indeed, the terms and conditions of the international (Generic/Unported) licenses of the previous versions are in mind based on the law of the United States. The pre-4.0 versions contain localized ports for specific jurisdictions, like Germany. However, the latest version, 4.0 International, lacks ports; the International edition is intended for multiple jurisdictions. Some official translations for the licenses in the latest version are available.

Moral rights
Previous versions before version 3.0 do not address those rights. They are addressed in some ports of the version 3.0 and in version 4.0. Creative Commons does not license those rights, but the licenses in the version 4.0 asks a Licensor to agree to waive and/or not assert those rights "to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise."

However, some ports of version 3.0 say that moral/personality rights would remain unaffected, like Hong Kong and Germany.

Plans to transition from CC BY-SA 3.0 to CC BY-SA 4.0
According to a footnote from w:Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright, "CC BY-SA 4.0 is not backwards compatible with CC BY-SA 3.0. Therefore, mixing text licenses under 3.0 and 4.0 would be problematic." However, transition from Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported to Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International was proposed and then discussed, especially at meta:Talk:Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0. No official progress to upgrade the CC BY-SA license has been made yet. As of now, the current licenses for text content at Wikimedia project are CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported and GFDL.
 * meta:Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0
 * File:WMF Legal Team October 2017 Quarterly Check-In.pdf (page 38)

Commentary articles

 * "The Commons: The Commons as an Idea - Ideas as a Commons" -(article by David M. Berry about the commons and ideas)
 * "BBC to Open Content Floodgates The BBC's Creative Archive project" -(article in Wired magazine on the BBC's use of Creative Commons licenses)
 * "Creative Commons: Let’s be creative together" -(from "Framasoft")
 * "Take My Music ... Please" -(a Newsweek article about Creative Commons by Brian Braiker)
 * "Creative Commons Humbug" -(critical article in PC Magazine by John C. Dvorak)
 * "Creative Humbug" -(critical article by Péter Benjamin Tóth)
 * "Creative Humbug? Bah the humbug, let’s get creative!" -(response to Tóth's criticism by Mia Garlick)
 * Berry, D. M. & Moss, G. (2005). On the “Creative Commons”: a critique of the commons without commonalty. Free Software Magazine. No. 5.
 * Berry, D. M & Moss, G. (2005). Libre Commons = Libre Culture + Radical Democracy. Noema. No. 44.
 * Fitzgerald, Michael (2005), Copyleft hits a Snag. Technology Review
 * Hill, Benjamin Mako. (2005). Towards a Standard of Freedom: Creative Commons and the Free Software Movement.
 * Nimmer, Raymond (2005). Open source license proliferation, a broader view
 * Orlowski, Andrew (2005). On Creativity, Computers and Copyright. The Register
 * Tóth, Péter Benjamin. (2005). Creative Humbug: Personal feelings about the Creative Commons licenses
 * Richard Stallman explains his disagreement with Creative Commons
 * A Debian Developer gives his summary of problems discussed on the debian-legal mailing list (note that this comments on the outdated 2.0 versions of the licenses)
 * "Why the BBS Documentary is Creative Commons" by Jason Scott
 * Greentown article Overview of copyright history from 1556 leading to Creative
 * Möller, Erik (2006). The Case for Free Use: Reasons Not to Use a Creative Commons NC License. Open Source Jahrbuch 2006.

title: Creative Commons


text:
The John Carroll School

The John Carroll School Inc., established in 1964 and incorporated in 1971, is a private Catholic school for grades 9–12. It is located in Bel Air, Harford County, Maryland, United States in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore.

History
In the early 1960s Lawrence Shehan decided to build an Archdiocesan Catholic high school on an 87 acre site in Bel Air. The John Carroll School opened to 202 freshmen on September 9, 1964, under the leadership of Raymond Wanner. From its earliest days, the school was run both by clergy and lay people.

The school is named after John Theodore Carroll, the first Catholic bishop and archbishop in the United States, serving as the ordinary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore.

Notable alumni

 * Suzan-Lori Parks, playwright
 * Mark F. Ramsay, former Lieutenant General of United States Air Force
 * Zach Thornton, former goalie for Chicago Fire of Major League Soccer
 * Drew Westervelt, professional lacrosse player
 * Immanuel Quickley, basketball player for the Toronto Raptors
 * Isaiah Philmore, professional basketball player.

title: The John Carroll School


text:
Help:EMail for Teachers

Email options for Instructors
Teachers have a number of options for working with emails inside Wikiversity.

Sending emails to students
Once your students sign up to receive emails through Wikiversity, you must go to the student's user page and click the option in the toolbox to email the user.

Unfortunately, if the student has not completed sign up by starting a User Page and by turning on the option to receive mail, you need to contact the student by other means and inform the student how to do all of this.

 * No mailing lists
 * Wikiversity has no provision for mailing lists for teachers to contact students.

1. Simple email

 * On your lesson pages, you can add this:

Click here to send me an email.

 * which looks like this :

Click here to send me an email.

2. Click on icon

 * On your lesson pages, you can make an icon or picture active for the student to send you an email.

 * By using this formula :

 * You will get an icon which looks like this on your lesson page :

 * or if you set width and height to 128 and put it in a simple table, you get this on your lesson page :

=NEW=

3. Complex (but most useful way for students to send you messages.)

 * On your lesson page, you can ask the student to respond to a specific question and include that information in the subject heading.

 * As an example, you can put something like this on a lesson page :

 * This was created by using this template :

 * @undefined

 * Here is how this coding works :

 * You can use the template above to create a link for e-mailing a user with a customized subject. Here are the parameters :

Parameters

 * user : The name of the user to be e-mailed.
 * subject : The customized subject for the e-mail.
 * text : The text shown for the link.

Example

 * Here is a simple example of this :

 * gives: @undefined

Remember: Use your USER NAME, not mine! Robert Elliott

Questions
If you have any questions, @undefined

Robert Elliott 5 January 2007 (PST)

title: Help:EMail for Teachers


text:
Shreepali

The Shreepali Basnet are a clan of the Chhetris originally from the Saipal, Far West Region who got their prominence in Gorkha district of Nepal. They mainly worship 'Masto' as their 'Kulayan' but saipali from Gorkha has changed their worship to "Sishakoti Mahadev", "Veerabhadra", "Mahakali" as their Kul Deuta and Aradhe Devi "Dakshinkali" as Istha deuta in style of Kunwar Rana. They became very powerful during the unification of Nepal and remained so until the emergence of Jung Bahadur Kunwar or later known as Jang Bahadur Rana.

The King's men
It is known that during the reign of King Prithivi Narayan Shah the Shreepali Basnyats of Gorkha were the leading military force. They were either highly ranked officers in the army or key figures in the king's court. King Prithvi Narayan Shah formed an alliance between the Basnyat and Pandey families of Gorkha in his quest for the unification of Nepal. Shivaram Singh Basnyat, the commander of Gorkhali forces belonged to Shreepali Basnyat clan. He was son of Jaya Ram Singh Basnyat.

Families strengthened
King Prithivi Narayan Shah is known to have arranged the marriage between General Kehar Singh Basnyat, son of General (Kazi) Shivaram Singh Basnyat and Chitra Devi, the daughter of General(Kaji) Kalu Pandey. Later, Chitra Devi constructed the Narayan temple in Timal Danda in honour of her Father-in-law Kaji Shivram Singh. Kehar Singh would go to Tibet to negotiate with its leaders to have Nepalese coins circulated there. He was a major military leader accredited with uniting the western districts and Kathmandu valley to Nepal. Kehar Singh would die at the battle of Satahun.

Kaji Abhiman Singh Basnyat, the third son of General (Kaji) Shivaram Singh Basnyat became the first Commander in Chief of a united Nepal after the death of General (Kaji) Kalu Pandey during the second attempt to capture Kirtipur. His father Shivram Singh was the first military leader of Gorkha who laid down his life in the campaign of unification of Nepal in 1746 in Chhaling, (Naldum) near Bhaktapur. Abhiman's two elder brothers were Kaji Naahar Singh and Kaji Kehar Singh. His youngest brother Kazi Dhaukal Simha Basnyat, who also became the governor of Kumaun, was the first owner of present Narayanhity Palace. Abhiman Singh died at the age of fifty-six in 1857 B.S. when he was sent to settle the area of Morang and Sunsari, then called Kaala Banzaar. It was seen as a great injustice for him to be sent to this area at his age when he was already a Mulkazi. He was reported to have suffered from fever, possibly malaria and died.

Recognition of the Basnyats
King Prithvi Narayan Shah has stressed the importance of the Basnyats in his poetic piece known as "Dibya Upadesh" or "Divine Counsel" in English. Here is a link to the translation of the "Dibya Upadesh" into English. This translation was done by Prawin Adhikari, from a transcription originally published by historian Baburam Acharya. Samudaya.org owns the copyrights to the article.

A quote from the Dibya Upadesh:

I said—"Now, I will make ties between the Pandeys and the Basnyats, so give your daughter to Sivaram Basnyat's son Keher Singh Basnyat," and the two houses were tied by marriage. Thus, after the conjugal tie, with the shields of the Pandes and the swords of the Basnyats I attacked Nepal.

Defenders of the throne
After the royal palace moved to Basantapur in Kathmandu, the Shreepali Basnyat's of Gorkha moved with the royal family, living close to the palace in Indra Chowk and Ason. In 1833 B. S. Kazi Abhiman Singh constructed a house for himself in Ason, which is known as Maan Mandir and it still exists today as Tilanga Ghar. The Basnyats shared a great amount of power in the royal court alongside the Pandey's and Thapa's. This alliance continued until the reign of King Rana Bahadur Shah, when Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa came into power. But then followed a power struggle between the Pandeys and the Thapa's. The Basnyat's sided with the Pandey's because of their earlier marital links with them back in Gorkha, ultimately removing the Thapa's from power.

title: Shreepali


text:
Portal:Indonesia/Did you know/20

 * ... that the first offices of The Jakarta Post (logo pictured), which has been described as "Indonesia's leading English-language daily", were in a laundry room?
 * ... that staff at the Indonesian film archives, Sinematek Indonesia, receive less than US$120 a month?
 * ... that a common theme in modern Balinese literature is dealing with tourists?

title: Portal:Indonesia/Did you know/20


text:
tino

Noun

 * 1) greeting

Noun

 * 1) cold

Etymology
From, from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) vat

Adjective

 * 1) most, more (intensifier)

Etymology 1
origin. Possible origins include:
 * from ;
 * from ;
 * from, of uncertain origin.

Noun

 * 1) common sense the ability to make good judgements based on reason
 * 2) tact the power of doing what is required by circumstances
 * 3) cautiousness, prudence
 * 1) cautiousness, prudence
 * 1) cautiousness, prudence

Noun

 * 1)  body; torso

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) skill, ability
 * 2) good sense, judgement
 * 3) moderation, prudence
 * 4) tact, propriety

Noun

 * 1) sensibleness; intelligence; reasonableness; moral integrity; good sense of judgement

Etymology 1
Possibly from.

Verb

 * 1) to weave

Verb

 * 1)  to massage

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) body
 * 2) person
 * 3) corpse
 * 4) structure
 * 5) shape, appearance

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) tooth

title: tino


text:
Tony Ashworth

Tony Ashworth (1954−2019) was a former professional rugby league footballer who played during the 1970s. His preferred position was.

title: Tony Ashworth


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Ikot Ibritam

Ikot Ibritam is a rural settlement as well as the local government headquarters of the Oruk Anam local government area. It is under the Inen Clan as the one among the nine administrative areas in the Oruk Anam

History
Ikot Ibritam is popularly known among the local government council headquarters and as well as one of the administrative centers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria and a seat of a first-order administrative division in the Oruk Anam LGA. neared Ukanafun and a part in Rivers State.

Localities in the area

 * Ikot Ekpuk
 * Ikot Udor Esiom
 * Ikot Ntuk
 * Ikot Aka 5 km northwest
 * Ikot Esien 5 km north
 * Ibesit Nung Ikot 5 km south.

title: Ikot Ibritam


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User:Muthuselvan.g

Hi dears life is a goal only good deal i want to try rich man but now only simple man i learn to doctor nowbi medical rep.....

title: User:Muthuselvan.g


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User:Sunil.joseph

Though, I have used Wikipedia for sometime for very userful researches, I have never given anything back. So, I think it's the time for me to give something back. I work as a technical support eng. So, I will be sharing my experiences on different topics, which could be useful to others.

I am also planning to do further studies on computers..

title: User:Sunil.joseph