text:
Pro Engineer/Definitions

A

TOP

Accuracy.

The smallest item that can be recognised by pro/engineer. Usually defined as ratio of the longest diagonal through the model. Typically 0.0012.

Active Model

Title bar has stars on each side of the name. Will accept menu commands from the side menu. Use CTRL+A or the tick icon to make the window active.

Active Window

Window with the blue bar, will accept spinning and rendering commands. Plus some info menu picks. Other commands are restricted for use with the active model.

Alpha

The optional fourth-channel in an RGB image file, typically used for compositing.

Ambient Light

A light that equally affects all portions of all objects in the rendering scene.

Appearance

A set of attributes that determine the appearance of a surface. These attributes include color, reflecting ability, transparency, texture, and so forth.

Area Offset

Offsets a whole or part surface, similar to form. Side walls are added to join the offset area to main surface.

Associative Topology Bus

A method for transferring data between applications whilst retaining associativity.

Axis

See datum axis.

ATB

See Associative Topology Bus

B

TOP

BMP

Bitmap

BMX

Behavioural Modelling Extension

Both Sides

When creating extruded features the feature is created on both sides of the sketch plane.

Boundary Influence

Controls how far the boundary condition propagates across a boundary surface.

Boundary Conditions

Property of surface at edges e.g. tangent/normal to adjacent surfaces or tangent normal to sketch plane

Boundary Surface

A surface defined using two or more curves.

Briefcase

A method in Pro/Intralinkcommonspace to collect objects together.

Brightness

The property of an appearance that determines its intensity after the hue is chosen.

Bump Map

A one-channel texture map that creates the illusion of surface roughness.

Bump Height

The height or depression of the bump map features.

C

TOP

C0 continuity

example

Position continuity only. Curves have a kink at the C0 point and surfaces have a sharp crease along the C0 seam. Abutting curves and surfaces touch one another, but they have no curvature similarities.

C1 continuity

example

Position and tangent continuity. The edges between a ball fillet and its adjacent faces are examples of C1 continuity.

C2 continuity

example

Position, tangent, and curvature continuity. Curves and surfaces are perfectly smooth, and the curvature at the joint between two abutting curves or surfaces is equal. Consequently, the joint is seamless and invisible.

CAD

Computer Aided Design Computer Aided Drafting

CADD

Computer Aided Design And Drafting

CAE

Computer Aided Engineering

CAM

Computer Aided Manufacture

Capped Ends

Creates a surface with ends closed off forming an enclosed volume e.g. a sketch of circle with closed ends will form a cylinder instead of a tube. Requires the sketch to be closed.

CEP

Certified Engineering Provider

CGM

Computer Graphics Metafile

Chamfer

Removes the corner or edge of a solid by a specified amount.

Check In

Process of moving objects from workspace to commonspace.

Check Out

Process of moving objects from commonspace to workspace to view or modify.

Clip

A graphical method for cutting the model through a plane parallel to the view screen at a user definable depth.

Closed Loop

Sketch entities that enclose an area without intersection or overlap

Closed Sketch

The sketched entities form a continuous loop with no gaps or overlapping entities.

Color Blender

A part of the color editor that provides a continuous range of colors. Blend colors between the blender's four color chips.

Color Box

A part of the color editor that allows you to define colors along two axes based on red, green, and blue values of colors.

Color Pallette

A part of the color editor that provides an array of colors.

Color Texture

A three-channel texture map that consists of red, green, and blue values.

Color Wheel

A part of the color editor that allows you to select colors based on hue, saturation, and brightness.

Commonspace

Vault area of Pro/Intralink where pro/engineer models can be stored and shared.

Component

A component is a part or sub-assembly assembled into an assembly

Component Interface

A method by which the preferred assembly references can be denoted at part level.

Control Points

Used in Boundary Surfaces to determine how surfaces are sub-divided.

Coordinate system

See datum coordinate system

Copy Geometry

A feature that can copy geometry references from on model to another. References can be made to all feature types. It should be noted solids cannot be copied but the surface information of a solid can be copied to the target model. See publish geometry.

CPC

Collaborative Product Commerce

Cross-section

See X-section

Create

Accesses the feature creation menu

Curvature

example

Curvature is defined as 1/r. A curvature plot measures the curvature at points on a curve. A line is plotted at that point normal to the curve. The length is proportional to 1/r. The line is scaled up to make it easier to see.

Cut

A feature to remove material from a model.

Curve

See datum curve

D

TOP

Datum Axis

Datum axes are infinitely thin lines that extend indefinitely in both directions. There are usually shown truncated around the parent feature. Axes can be created manually. They are also created automatically when adding hole features, revolved features.

They can be defined in intent manger when defining closed sketches.

Datum Plane

Datum Planes represent infinitely thin flat planes that extend infinitely in two perpendicular directions.

For display purpose a rectangular outline is shown. By default datum planes resize to the size of the model. They can be redefined to a specific size or linked to the size of a feature.

Datum planes can be used in as surfaces in some surface operations.

One side of the datum is coloured yellow and the other side is red.

Datum Curve

Datum curves represent curves (inc. straight) that exist in space as 2D or 3D entities. They can curve in more than one direction at a time.

Datum curves are orange (they appear brown to a lot of users)

Datum Coordinate Systems

Coordinate systems represent an origin in space with an X, Y and Z defined.

The main uses are for offsetting points, creating datum curves from equations and assembling sub assemblies.

Datum Point

A datum point represents a point in space usually defined relative to a coordinate system

Decal

A four-channel texture map that consists of a standard color texture map and a transparency (or alpha) channel. See Alpha.

Declare

Use to link models and layouts.

Delete

Permanently remove a feature or entity from Pro/Engineer. When used on patterns the original feature is deleted.

Del Pattern

Deletes a pattern but leaves the original feature.

Density

Sets the model density. The density is used by mass property calculations.

Depth Cue

Visual setting to dim lines that are furthest away from the view plane.

Designate

Parameters can be designated so the can be 'seen' by PDM systems.

Dihedral Angle

The angle between two adjacent surfaces. Usually the maximum and minimum are returned.

Dim Bound

The ability to regenerate dimensions to upper, lower, mid or nominal tolerance value.

Direction Light

A type of light that creates parallel light rays, which simulates the sun.

Draft

Used to add angled sides to solids and surfaces. Typically used in parts that are cast, molded or forged.

Draft Offset

Similar to area offset but the angle of area's offset can be specified.

E

TOP

EAI

Enterprise Application Integration

Edge

Where two faces meet or the perimeter of a face.

EPS

Encapsulated PostScript

Erase

In the context of Pro/Engineer Erase means suppressed or blanked. Erased features can be resumed or shown to restore them.

ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning

ERM

Enterprise Resource Management

Extend

Grows additional surfaces from existing surface edges

F

TOP

Family Table

A method for creating a 'family' of related parts. This is achieved by varying dimensions, including and excluding features.

Face

Feature

Most operations in Pro/Engineer create features

-Solids

-Surfaces

-Datums

-Cosmetic

-CopyGeom

-UDF's

This includes

Protrusions, tweaks, cuts, holes, trims, axes, surface merges, bends, unbends.

The following are not features

-Parameters

-Colours

-Tolerances

-Layers

All features appear in the model tree if they don't then they are not features

Feature Name

Assigned automatically when the feature is created using the feature type and feature id. The feature name can be modified by the user.

Feature Number

Sequential number assigned to each feature based on the features place in the model's history. A feature's feature number will change when the model's history is modified.

Feature ID

A unique number assigned when a feature is created. This number doesn't change. This number is not reused within a model if a feature is deleted.

Family Table

Use to create families of parts. A part created by family table is called an instance. The table can be used to vary dimensions, suppress/ resume features and substitute components. A containing a family table is called a 'generic' part.

FEA

Finite Element Analysis

Frames

Method by which actions in a Pro/Intralink workspace can be undone.

Free Form

A feature that stretches and pulls existing surfaces.

G

TOP

Gamma

An inherently non-linear reproduction of intensities by a display device (monitor).

Gamma Correction

Correcting image data such that linear changes in image data will produce linear changes in the displayed image.

Generic

A model that contains a family table.

GIF

Graphics Interchange Format

Grid

Grids can be displayed in models, sketcher and details

Graph

A 2D curve or graph that can be used to control features such as variable section sweeps or used to extract a 'y' value based on an x value.

Groups

A collection of features

H

TOP

History

Sequence of features in a model. The sequence of features affects the model geometry. The history is displayed graphically in the model tree. The feature number defines the sequence of the feature.

HPGL

Hewlett Packard graphics Language

Hue

The basic shade, or tint, which defines a color.

I

TOP

IGES

International Graphics Exchange Specification

Insert Mode

Used to add features at an earlier point in the model's history

Instance

A part created by a generic model's family table.

Integrate

Use to merge two different versions of the same model.

Intent Manager

Replaced Sketcher at version 20. Used in the creation of most features. Used to create sketch geometry and add design intent

Interchange

A method swapping models in assembly. Useful when the alternate model is unrelated to the original model.

ISDX

Interactive Surface Design Extension

J

TOP

JPG, JPEG

Joint Photographic Experts Group

K

TOP

L

TOP

Layers

Used to blank/display components, datums, and surfaces. Features cannot be blanked using layers. Layers can also be used as a selection criteria.

Light

Necessary for all renderings, lights have position, color and brightness. Some lights also have direction, spread or concentration. There are four types of lights: ambient, direction, point, and spotlight.

Light Room

A rendering option that determines whether the room is lit by user-defined lights or by a standard ambient lighting.

LM

Licence Management

M

TOP

Mapkey

A method of recording and replaying a series of actions (macro). Excellent way for speeding up common tasks.

Material Side

Sets on which side of open sketch entity material is added.

MDX

Mechanism Design Extension

Mechanica

PTC's FEA and simulation tool

Merge

A feature that joins two surfaces together.

MDO

Mechanism Dynamics Option

Mirror Geom

Mirror whole model

Model Tree

Graphical display of the model's history and structure

MPEG, MPG

Moving Picture Experts Group

N

TOP

Nastran

NASA Structural Analysis System

Note

Notes are added to drawings and models to aid documentation. 3D notes can be linked to features with the option of having a web page link.

O

TOP

Object

An object can be a Feature, Component, Note or an other item that appear in the model tree

Offset Edge

Used in Intent Manager to construct sketch entities from existing geometry.

One Side

When creating extruded features the feature is created on one side of the sketch plane. The direction can be changed with redefine and selecting Direction.

Open Ends

Creates a surface feature without ends, e.g. a tube

Open Sketch

A sketch where the two ends do not meet, or there is a gap in the sketch. Open sketches also occur when the sketch entities form a closed loop, but there are additional sketch entities coincident with the closed loop.

Open Loop

P

TOP

Palette

A collection of rendering objects that are displayed together in an editor. There are palettes for appearances and lights.

Part

Solid model representing a component

PDM

Product Data Management Parametric Data Manager (PTC)

Photorender

A rendering utility that creates photorealistic images of a scene.

PIV

Product Item Version - this represents the combination of the object name version and revision.

Pixel

A single dot of an image, displayed by the combination of three primary colors: red, green, and blue.

Plane

See datum plane

PLM

Product Lifecycle Management

PLM

Product Line Manager (PTC)

Point

See Datum point

Point Light

A type of light where the illumination radiates from the center of the bulb.

Program

Program is used to create intelligent parts that change based on user input.

Protrusion

Generic terms for any solid feature.

Pro/Intralink

Data manager for Pro/Engineer

PS

Postscript

Publish Geometry

Group geometry you want other users to reference

Program

Facility to modify the model design with the option to add conditional statements to control the model design.

Q

TOP

Quilt

A group of surfaces joined together.

R

TOP

Reference Control

Limits what references can be made.

Reference Dimension

Reference Dimensions can be added in models and drawings. They are driven dimensions and cannot be used to modify the model.

Reference Entity

Reference entities in Intent Manager are created by :-

Specify Refs, Entities picked to create dimensions Entities pick during Use Edge and Offset Edge.

Redefine

Used to change a features definition. Sketch planes, the section sketch, depth etc.

Reflection

The degree to which a model reflects its surroundings.

Regenerate

Incorporates changes made to the model since the last regeneration

Relations

Facility to drive dimension values by equation. Dimensions values can be related to other dimensions, parameters or graph features.

Render

To create a shaded image in order to give the model a more realistic appearance

Reorder

Moves a feature before or after other features in the model's history.

Reroute

Changes the references used to construct a feature. Or used to swap and old feature for a new feature.

Resume

Restores / unsuppresses suppressed features

RGB

The red, green, and blue values of a color.

RHO

See tutorial

Round

A feature that creates a fillet along an edge or between two surfaces.

RUG

Regional User Group

S

TOP

Saturation

The purity of the hue in a color. An "unsaturated" color is gray.

Self Shadows

A rendering option that causes shadows from a model to be cast onto itself.

Skeleton

Model used to define geometry that is shared between parts in an assembly. Often used to to create mechanism frameworks, define global datums.

Shell

A feature that removes a specified surface and hollows the solid to a specified wall thickness.

Simplified Rep

A subset of the main model with components blanked or substituted with simple alternatives. Part simplified reps can be used to cut models into sub sections.

The principal use is to speed up rendering, and to make easier to work on complex models.

Solid

A volume fully enclosed by surfaces where the any point in space can be analysed to know whether it is inside or outside the enclosed area.

Spline

A curve that passes through a number of points. Can be defined in sketcher on a 2D plane or in 3D through a series of points or vertices.

Spot Angle

The diameter of a spotlight's circle of light.

Spot Light

A type of light whose light rays are confined within a cone.

Spot Focus

The sharpness of a spotlight's beam.

STEP

Standard For The Exchange Of Product Model Data

Specify Refs

Used to specify which entities you want intent manager to use for dimensions and constraints.

STL

Stereo Lithography

Style

Feature created by ISDX

Surface

A face bounded by at least three edges

Suppress

Same as Delete except feature can be restored (resume (d)) at a later date

Sweep

Geometry formed by a profile dragged (swept) along a trajectory

Swept Blend

Geometry formed by different profiles positioned on a trajectory

T

TOP

TAN

Technical Application Note

Texture

An image that is used to determine the color or appearance of a surface. See Appearance.

TIFF

Tagged Image File Format

TPI

Technical Point of Interest

Trail

The trail or trail file records all actions made during a session. It is possible to replay trail files to rebuild models lost due to crashes or as a presentation method.

Trajectories

Used to create sweeps, variable section sweeps, and swept blends. Trajectories can be defined by sketching or selecting existing geometry.

Transform

Translate or move a surface with the option to create a copy. (can be used on datum curves)

Transparency

The degree to which you can see through a surface.

Trim

Type of cut specifically for surfaces.

Tweak

A feature that transforms an existing feature.

U

TOP

Units

Units of measure for length mass and force. Custom units can be defined. Models can be converted from one type of unit to another.

UPR

Universal Product Representation

Use Edge

Used in Intent Manager to construct sketch entities from existing geometry.

User Defined Feature UDF

UDF's allow collections or features to be used. UDF's are a special type of group.

V

TOP

Var Sec Swp

See Variable Section Sweep

Vertex (vertices)

Ends of edges, curves typically found where a number of edges join. Also found where sub-entities of a ketch join.

Variable Section Sweep

A sweep where the section changes in size. Requires at least two trajectories.

W

TOP

WMF

Windows Metafile

Workspace

Models are checked out from commonspace to workspace for modification. The workspace is a database and folder area located in the users network directory.

X

TOP

X-section

(Cross-Section) A slice through either a solid or quilt.

Y

TOP

Yellow Side

One side of datum, system will assume the yellow side to be positive first. The positive side

Z

TOP

Product Acronyms

AAX

Advanced Assembly Extension

APX

Assembly Performance Extension

ARX

Advanced Rendering Extension

ASX

Advanced Surfacing Extension

BMX

Behavioural Modelling Extension

CDRS

Conceptual Design & Rendering Software

DAO

Design Animation Option

DDO

(Import) Data Doctor Option

EMO

Expert Machinist Option

IDX

Industrial Design Extension

ISDX

Interactive Surface Design Extension

MDO

Mechanical Dynamics Option

MDX

Mechanical Design Extension

MSO

Machine Simulation Option

NOO

NC Optimisation Option

RSD

Routed System Designer

title: Pro Engineer/Definitions


text:
livido

Etymology
, an adjective derived from the verb.

Adjective

 * 1) livid
 * 2) leaden

Noun

 * 1) bruise

Verb

 * 1) to render

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: livido


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/mandrivnik.net

Links

 * mandrivnik.net resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * mandrivnik.net is hosted on mandrivnik.wordpress.com
 * mandrivnik.wordpress.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 1 additions.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vanessa Brady

The result was speedily deleted  by ; see deletion log for rationale. Non-admin closure. — KuyaBriBri Talk 15:54, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

Vanessa Brady

 * – ( View AfD View log  •  Stats )

Fails WP:GNG. Subject has no coverage in any reliable source. What I found were self published web pages, social networking websites, etc.  undefined — Bill william compton  Talk   14:01, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete per G11 in addition to the notability problems (although the awards are probably enough importance to stave off A7, even though no notability is established). Phrases like "she is a straight talker and a fixer, never failing in her ambition to deliver on her commitments" are pretty blatant promotion. Writ Keeper ⚇♔ 14:29, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete: per nom. Found no reference outside self-published sources. Full of peacock terms and weasel words. This is recognised by her success in the industry - overall aim for improvement at all levels for the highest quality - she brings a new vision to each project. Search for Daily Mail Interior Design of the Year for UK award brings up nothing and the only confirmation that she has won the other award is her own website. Samar   ( Talk  .  Contributions ) 15:36, 11 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Talk:musclebrain

I don't think "athlete" should be a synonym. Musclebrain has definite negative connotations, but athlete is purely positive. I know some athletes who are extremely intelligent, and I'd consider myself in this category too.
 * We don't add or remove synonyms based on what should be, or based on whether or not they fail to apply in all cases. The issue is solely whether people use the word that way.  So, if someone can find instances of athlete being used in such a diparaging way, it is a synonym.  If a look for such uses turns up nothing, then it is not a synonym.  Whether the implications of the use are true or not is not relevant for determining synonyms. --EncycloPetey 12:39, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:musclebrain


text:
Feng Liu

Feng Liu may refer to:

 * Liu Feng, Chinese Han dynasty general
 * Liu Feng (athlete), Chinese shot putter
 * Feng Liu (physicist), material physicist

title: Feng Liu


text:
Wikipedia:Possibly unfree files/2015 February 10

File:QPCS Front 03.jpg

The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡  14:07, 7 May 2015 (UTC)
 * File:QPCS Front 03.jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | [ logs]).

 * File is released on behalf of someone else - that's fine, but needs an email to OTRS to ensure that all is in order. Deadstar (talk) 11:00, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the media's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this section.

File:Southmall Logo Your Community Centre.png

The result of the discussion was: change to non-free.  TLSuda  (talk) 12:57, 7 May 2015 (UTC)
 * File:Southmall Logo Your Community Centre.png ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | [ logs]).

 * This is a logo design... Sfan00 IMG (talk) 13:50, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This image is currently tagged as non-free. If there is a dispute with the rationale, please tag the image with dfu or list it at WP:Non-free content review. AnomieBOT ⚡ 14:54, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the media's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this section.

File:WZEP Jingle.ogg

The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡  14:07, 7 May 2015 (UTC)
 * File:WZEP Jingle.ogg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | [ logs]).

 * This is clearly a sound recording, and there appears to be no confirmation it's PD as claimed,,, Sfan00 IMG (talk) 13:56, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the media's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this section.

File:๊Ubonratchathanilogo.jpg

The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡  14:07, 7 May 2015 (UTC)
 * File:๊Ubonratchathanilogo.jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | [ logs]).

 * Logo design is not uploaders. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 14:14, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the media's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this section.

File:Winston Churchill Crown Commemorative crown.jpg

The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡  05:03, 15 April 2015 (UTC)
 * File:Winston Churchill Crown Commemorative crown.jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | [ logs]).

[ logs]) . I was completely unaware of this, you're welcome to delete the file, the date is 1965. Electrolux2 IMG (talk) 14:55, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * This is a coin design, but there's no date given to establish if the Royal Mint may hold a copyright in the design. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 14:19, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Further to the above, http://www.royalmint.com/aboutus/policies-and-guidelines/advertising-guidelines - If you can get an OTRS then it can stay:) Sfan00 IMG (talk) 16:11, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the media's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this section.

File:Vocea Ta elena gheorghe sample.wav

The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡  14:07, 7 May 2015 (UTC)
 * File:Vocea Ta elena gheorghe sample.wav ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | [ logs]).

 * Song clip, sufficiently over the length normally considered fair use. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 14:21, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the media's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this section.

File:Vic Reeves artwork on display at Saatchi Gallery London in 2010.jpg

The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡  14:07, 7 May 2015 (UTC)
 * File:Vic Reeves artwork on display at Saatchi Gallery London in 2010.jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | [ logs]).

 * Derivative work. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 14:22, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the media's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this section.

File:ThinkAgainLogo.jpg

The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡  14:07, 7 May 2015 (UTC)
 * File:ThinkAgainLogo.jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | [ logs]).

 * Threshold of originality concern... Sfan00 IMG (talk) 14:23, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the media's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this section.

File:AmnatPolyUnitedlogo2.jpg

The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡  14:07, 7 May 2015 (UTC)
 * File:AmnatPolyUnitedlogo2.jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | [ logs]).

 * Logo design is not uploaders... Sfan00 IMG (talk) 14:29, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the media's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this section.

File:CAITHNESS SHINTY LOGO.jpg

The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡  14:07, 7 May 2015 (UTC)
 * File:CAITHNESS SHINTY LOGO.jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | [ logs]).

 * Logo design is not necessarily uploaders. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 14:37, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the media's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this section.

File:FC Voluntari logo.png

The result of the discussion was: Converted to fair use. Diannaa (talk) 02:11, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
 * File:FC Voluntari logo.png ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | [ logs]).

 * Logo design not necessarily uploaders Sfan00 IMG (talk) 14:48, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the media's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this section.

File:New Turkish ID card .jpg

The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡  14:07, 7 May 2015 (UTC)
 * File:New Turkish ID card .jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | [ logs]).

 * This looks like a sample from an official source, not uploaders own work as claimed, In any event needs marking as sample or annonymising... Sfan00 IMG (talk) 14:59, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

now it is fully my work. kazekagetr 12:51, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * The photo is taken from here, it doesn't seem to be copyright-free. In any case it is not the actual ID card, it is the experimental card was used during the testing period. The card design has changed, as one can see in the official website. Once the ID's are distributed, a user can take a photo and upload it.--Cfsenel (talk) 06:08, 16 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Nah mate i didint take it from that website. I took them as two parts and merged them, also edited them. I didint know that they were changed. Did the religion part deleted as they promised Şenel?   kazekagetr  17:31, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Delete Obviously not created by the uploader. Looks like something created by the Turkish government. --Stefan2 (talk) 12:46, 18 February 2015 (UTC)

 * I didn't mean it was from that website per se, but it was the promotional photo that the government distributed which was used in a number of similar websites. As to your question, here is the official website for the new IDs: https://www.ekds.gov.tr/ And here is the latest form of the IDs that they are starting to distribute: https://www.ekds.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/on_arka-764x230.png Yes, the religion part seems to be removed, much to my gratification. But unfortunately the Turkish government does not release its works copyright free, so we will have to wait until a user uploads a photo of his or her ID. Until then, we will have to delete this one.--Cfsenel (talk) 04:21, 21 February 2015 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the media's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this section.

File:Soplica orzech laskowy.jpg

The result of the discussion was: change to non-free.  TLSuda  (talk) 12:58, 7 May 2015 (UTC)
 * File:Soplica orzech laskowy.jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | [ logs]).

 * This is packaging artwork, the design of which is above TOO Sfan00 IMG (talk) 15:08, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * So how does this violate copyright law? Do I need to change the status to non-free and add why for every packaging product? Another file I uploaded at the same time was flagged like this a day earlier, so I'll do what I did there to clarify that I am not the copyright owner for this (even though I should be, considering I'm the one who uploaded this, and as long as I'm not making money from the artwork then nothing is being borken). --Samotny Wędrowiec (talk) 21:33, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

 * This was flagged ( and you've subsequently updated it so this PUF is moot), because the packaging design contained non trival elements (namely the building and lower label artwork) which show elements of creative input. As your photo is soley and prominently of the a design incoporating those creative elements it constitutes a derivative work. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 12:29, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Ok, so does that mean it can stay? Have I updated it correctly? I'd appreciate it if you could let me know, because then I could upload any other similar files I may have in the future in a similar manner to spare you and me the trouble. --Samotny Wędrowiec (talk) 12:49, 12 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Note: This image is currently tagged as non-free. If there is a dispute with the rationale, please tag the image with dfu or list it at WP:Non-free content review. AnomieBOT ⚡ 14:54, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the media's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this section.

File:Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari.jpg

The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡  14:07, 7 May 2015 (UTC)
 * File:Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari.jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | [ logs]).

 * This was tagged as no-permission but the tag was removed by the uploader, further this media appears to originate with a terrorist group, and may be subject to other restrictions. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 17:38, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Deleted becuase I thought you were joking. Asking 'permission' from an organisation with no intellectual property rights in any country is just stupid, and has now entered no.28 on my top 50 list of retarded things that I have heard or witnessed. Why would Commons need permission from an organisation that is internationally denounced, to use its content? There is no copy-right on such material! Where is the copy-right tag citing "All rights reserved, Al-Qaeda ltd."? If it existed (which it doesn't), it is not relevant! There is no copyright protection for Al-Qaeda! I have been fucking mind blown by Sfan00 IMG's sheer stupidity. Congratulations though on making it on the top 50 list man.--Ritsaiph (talk) 00:04, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the media's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this section.


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/opera.ge

Links

 * opera.ge resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * opera.ge is hosted on facebook.com
 * facebook.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 4 additions.


text:
Kay-Jay Harris

Kevin Jermaine "Kay-Jay" Harris (born March 27, 1979) is a former American football running back. He was signed by the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at West Virginia.

Harris has also been a member of the St. Louis Rams and New York Giants.

Early years
Harris played football, baseball, basketball, and track at Tampa Bay Technical High School in Tampa, Florida. He was drafted by the Texas Rangers for baseball and played four years of Class A ball before concentrating on football.

College career
Harris attended Garden City Community College in Garden City, Kansas before transferring to West Virginia for his final two years. In two years with the Mountaineers, Harris started six of 23 games played, rushing for 1,483 yards and 14 touchdowns on 256 attempts, and added 25 receptions for 292 yards and three touchdowns. He also earned second-team all-Big East honors as a senior, rushing for 959 yards and 10 touchdowns on 165 carries, adding 20 receptions for 181 yards and three touchdowns.

On September 4, 2004, he set a West Virginia and Big East Conference record for rushing yards in a single game. He ran for 337 yards and four touchdowns on 25 carries against East Carolina despite not starting the game. West Virginia went on to win by a score of 56-23.

Miami Dolphins
Harris went undrafted in the 2005 NFL Draft and was later signed with the Miami Dolphins. He spent the 2005 season on the team's practice squad.

St. Louis Rams
Harris was signed by the St. Louis Rams in 2006, where he backed up Steven Jackson and Stephen Davis.

In the 2007 preseason, Harris had three carries for 25 yards against the Minnesota Vikings. However, he was waived prior to the regular season.

New York Giants
Harris was signed to the practice squad of the New York Giants during the 2007 season, where he remained during the team's Super Bowl XLII victory over the New England Patriots. He re-signed with the team in the 2008 offseason. However, Harris suffered an ankle injury during a preseason game against the Cleveland Browns on August 18 and was carted off the field. He was waived/injured two days later.

title: Kay-Jay Harris


text:
Sargeant Bay Provincial Park

Sargeant Bay Provincial Park, is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located just west of the community of Sechelt on the southern Sunshine Coast. Created in 1990 at 57 ha. in size, the park was expanded to approximately 146 ha. in 1997.

title: Sargeant Bay Provincial Park


text:
Introduction to Learning Objects

General LO information
There are varying definitions about what a Learning Object is. Rehak & Mason define a learning object as: "a digitized entity which can be used, reused or referenced during technology supported learning" (p. 21). This is in contrast to a (they say) different common definition: "A small chunk of learning which serves a learning objective". (ibid)

However, there is general consensus that a learning object should be: (Rehak & Mason)
 * reusable - can be modified and versioned for different courses
 * accessible - indexed and retrieved using metadata
 * interoperable / portable - operate across different hard/software
 * durable - remain intact across upgrades of hard/software

Having a fully reusable set of Learning Objects (LOs) requires: (Rehak & Mason)
 * LOs themselves
 * their descriptions expressed in metadata
 * the purpose or goal of the LO in a particular learning ccontext
 * the overall learning context, including the learning approach, the learner audience, the learning objectives, and relationships to other LOs that make up the learning experience
 * the behaviour, descriptions of constraints and rules on the use and sequencing of the LOs within the overall learning experience
 * the delivery context (environment)

Other definitions are :
 * "Any entity, digital or non-digital, that may be used for learning, education or training"
 * "Any digital resource that can be reused to support learning"
 * "Web-based interactive chunks of e-learning designed to explain a stand-alone learning objective"

The Contradiction: note that Wiley and Rehak&Mason define LO as digital (and CETL says they are web-based and interactive), but the LOM standard states they may be non-digital...

Read:
 * Learning management system
 * 1) Use and Abuse of Reusable Learning Objects (Pithamber R. Polsani - Learning Technology Center, University of Arizona)

Explore:
 * 1) Content Commons (Connexions) - an repository of Learning Objects (Their circle of fifths learning object is cool, I think)

Metadata
Creating cute, interesting learning objects is probably going to become (if it hasn't already) a trendy educational craft for institutions in the coming years. LOs may even become a type of currency in an educational capital exchange system, if some folks have a say.

The nuts and bolts of how to store and retrieve them, advertise their existence, classify, homogenize and standardize them is a job terse enough for OOPies and quirky enough for Kurzweiliophiles.

The IEEE has come up with an open standard:
 * IEEE 1484.12.1 – 2002 Standard for Learning Object Metadata

(See Learning object and Learning object metadata)

Here's the simplified outline for a "standard" LOM model:

* 1 General o 1.1 Identifier + 1.1.1 Catalog + 1.1.2 Entry o 1.2 Title o 1.3 Language o 1.4 Description o 1.5 Keyword o 1.6 Coverage o 1.7 Structure o 1.8 Aggregation Level * 2 Life Cycle o 2.1 Version o 2.2 Status o 2.3 Contribute + 2.3.1 Role + 2.3.2 Entity + 2.3.3 Date * 3 Meta-Metadata o 3.1 Identifier + 3.1.1 Catalog + 3.1.2 Entry o 3.2 Contribute + 3.2.1 Role + 3.2.2 Entity + 3.2.3 Date o 3.3 Metadata Schema o 3.4 Language * 4 Technical o 4.1 Format o 4.2 Size o 4.3 Location o 4.4 Requirement + 4.4.1 OrComposite # <IP_ADDRESS> Type # <IP_ADDRESS> Name # <IP_ADDRESS> Minimum Version # <IP_ADDRESS> Maximum Version o 4.5 Installation Remarks o 4.6 Other Platform Requirements o 4.7 Duration * 5 Educational o 5.1 Interactivity Type o 5.2 Learning Resource Type o 5.3 Interactivity Level o 5.4 Semantic Density o 5.5 Intended End User Role o 5.6 Context o 5.7 Typical Age Range o 5.8 Difficulty o 5.9 Typical Learning Time o 5.10 Description o 5.11 Language * 6 Rights o 6.1 Cost o 6.2 Copyright and Other Restrictions o 6.3 Description * 7 Relation o 7.1 Kind o 7.2 Resource + 7.2.1 Identifier # <IP_ADDRESS> Catalog # <IP_ADDRESS> Entry + 7.2.2 Description * 8 Annotation o 8.1 Entity o 8.2 Date o 8.3 Description * 9 Classification o 9.1 Purpose o 9.2 Taxon Path + 9.2.1 Source + 9.2.2 Taxon # <IP_ADDRESS> Id                     # <IP_ADDRESS> Entry o 9.3 Description o 9.4 Keyword

Simple enough, eh? See Learning Object Metadata for the Topic:MediaWiki Learning Object integration project. If there is enough interest, we will look into incorporating Learning Object Metadata into the MediaWiki engine. See also MediaWiki Project.

Human Touch
Section 5 - the Educational part of the specification is perhaps the most interesting in terms of Human-machine interface and the socio-technical usage of such a specification or model. We'll see if we can make some sense:

 * 1) 5.1 Interactivity Type
 * 2) 5.2 Learning Resource Type
 * 3) 5.3 Interactivity Level
 * 4) 5.4 Semantic Density
 * 5) 5.5 Intended End User Role
 * 6) 5.6 Context
 * 7) 5.7 Typical Age Range
 * 8) 5.8 Difficulty
 * 9) 5.9 Typical Learning Time
 * 10) 5.10 Description
 * 11) 5.11 Language

Read:
 * m:Talk:Learning object metadata - Conversation between me and JWSurf about the possibility of using LOM in a Wiki environment

Explore: Do some searches for "Learning Object" adding the terms above to your search. Let's see what you find:

Object Orientation
Object-Oriented Programming as developed by Booch, Rambaugh, and Jacobsen is terse and complex, but the UML is a way to visualize these complexities. Here are some ideas that may help to create programmable learning objects in UML terms here at Wikiversity: Object-Oriented Programming of learning objects can be done at a higher level of abstraction using a UML model to define learning objects and their interfaces. For example, learning objects intended for sharing knowledge in the subject of Geography most certainly would include maps. A UML model of a class in Cartography could use a shared map at Google maps. The map itself would become what is called a metaobject with a set of points of interest each being a learning object containing data and geographic information about that point. As the shared map is explored by a learning community, its value as a learning object increases as participant content is added. This pattern of usage will quickly fill in the LOM (learning object metadata) form as the "metamap" grows into a full-fledged learning object that becomes reusable, accessible, interoperable, portable and durable. Even though Google hosts the map itself, the descriptions, photos, articles, factoids and other entries reside in a completely abstracted model that is reconstructed and adapted fluently at a very low cost each time it is used.
 * 1) Entity relationships – institution/faculty/student_body -> curriculum
 * 2) Model and schema – learning community / collaborative learning -> curriculum
 * 3) Role, identity, activity – teacher/learner dialog
 * 4) Metaobject facility – Wikiversity

Research
Think with me. Are Templates Learning Objects in themselves? Talk with me.

title: Introduction to Learning Objects


text:
Cookbook:Boiling

Boiling, as it applies to cooking, means cooking foods in boiling water. In most populated parts of the world, plain water boils at temperatures from about 200°F to 212°F (95°C to 100°C). This varies with the atmospheric pressure, which in turn varies with both altitude and weather. When the water is salted, the boiling temperature is slightly higher than for clean water.

When the atmospheric pressure on the surface of the water is lessened, boiling takes place at a lower temperature than that mentioned, and in extremely high altitudes the boiling point is so lowered that to cook certain foods by means of boiling water is difficult. As the water heats in the process of boiling, tiny bubbles appear on the bottom of the vessel in which it is contained and rise to the surface. Then, gradually, the bubbles increase in size until large ones form, rise rapidly, and break, thus producing constant agitation of the water.

Effects
Boiling has various effects on foods. It toughens the albumin in eggs, softens the fiber and dissolves the connective tissues in meat, softens the cellulose in cereals, vegetables, and fruits, and dissolves other substances in many foods. A good point to bear in mind in preparing foods by boiling is that slowly boiling water has the same temperature as rapidly boiling water and is therefore able to do exactly the same work. However, certain recipes may specify rapid boiling or slow boiling due to other conditions (such as not wanting to disintegrate soft food, or wanting to make use of the bubbles that appear in rapid boiling).

Turning the stove on high, keeping the gas burning full heat, or running the fire hard to keep the water boiling rapidly is therefore unnecessary; besides, it wastes fuel without doing the work any faster and sometimes not so well. However, there are several factors that influence the rapidity with which water may be brought to the boiling point; namely, the kind of utensil used, the amount of surface exposed, and the quantity of heat applied.

A cover placed on a saucepan or a kettle in which food is to be boiled retains the heat, and thus causes the temperature to rise more quickly; besides, a cover so used prevents a loss of water by condensing the steam as it rises against the cover. As water boils, some of it constantly passes off in the form of steam, and for this reason syrups or sauces become thicker the longer they are cooked.

The evaporation takes place all over the surface of the water; consequently, the greater the surface exposed, the more quickly is the quantity of water decreased during boiling. Another point to observe in the boiling process is that foods boiled rapidly in water have a tendency to lose their shape and are reduced to small pieces if allowed to boil long enough.

Many recipes for pork ribs call for parboiling them before cooking, but this method is not recommended, as water is a solvent and may wash away flavors.

Health Purposes
Besides serving to cook foods, boiling also renders water safe, as it kills off any germs that may be present. Boiled water, as is known, loses its good taste. However, as this change is brought about by the loss of air during boiling, the flavor can be restored and air again introduced if the water is shaken in a partly filled jar or bottle, or beaten vigorously for a short time with an egg beater or whisk.

title: Cookbook:Boiling


text:
Kim Yeong-ok

Kim Yeong-ok (born 4 March 1974 in Chuncheon, South Korea) is a South Korean former basketball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics and in the 2008 Summer Olympics.

title: Kim Yeong-ok


text:
User:Joejoe35/sandbox

Hey, Its Joejoe here. I hate dynasty warriors so fucking much, because It's a shitty ass game and barely anyone plays it. It has terrible graphics, and made by a really poor Japanese company

title: User:Joejoe35/sandbox


text:
Saibou

Saibou may refer to:

 * Ali Saibou (1940-2011), third President of Niger.
 * Joshiko Saibou (born 1990), German basketball player.

title: Saibou


text:
barzelletta

Noun

 * 1) joke amusing story
 * 2)  a 15th century dance song composed of loose septenaries and octosyllables

title: barzelletta


text:
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Humanities/2019 September 14

= September 14 =

Culture
Low culture and high culture are class based distinctions of culture but when it says culture is the social behavior and norms found in human societies are they including or excluding low culture and high culture or are they saying only clothing, cooking, ritual, art, music, dance and science etc is culture? I could be wrong here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:8003:7471:6C00:D052:F548:73F0:75AF (talk) 12:22, 14 September 2019 (UTC)
 * See earlier question and the answers. DroneB (talk) 13:51, 14 September 2019 (UTC)
 * One problem is that meaning of “culture” can shift depending on context... anthropologists may use one definition while journalists may use another. So we would need to clarify the context to answer your question. Blueboar (talk) 14:36, 14 September 2019 (UTC)
 * https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/culture#Noun Gem fr (talk) 23:00, 14 September 2019 (UTC)

Well what's the anthropology perspective and journal perspectives on context? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:8003:7471:6C00:454F:6890:28CE:FF0C (talk) 10:19, 15 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Both anthropologists and journalist discourage trolling. DOR (HK) (talk) 17:17, 15 September 2019 (UTC)

Material culture
Are board games material culture? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:37, 15 September 2019 (UTC)

 * According to anthropologists, yes... AnonMoos (talk) 13:13, 15 September 2019 (UTC)

The Speaker Explains
Hi! I'm curious. Are these videos https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLj3mInRJqIenu11GhIbyxFmif0SqYJVTO recordings of parliamentary proceedings? Why? --Roy17 (talk) 13:30, 14 September 2019 (UTC) Why are they or are they not?--Roy17 (talk) 13:49, 14 September 2019 (UTC)
 * No. The link is to 5 videos in which John Bercow, the Speaker of the House of Commons, sitting by a fireplace, explains procedures. DroneB (talk) 13:44, 14 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Does "Why?" mean "Why would they record that?" or something else ? SinisterLefty (talk) 13:47, 14 September 2019 (UTC)

 * The fireplace is in the Speaker's Residence, a rather posh apartment in the Palace of Westminster and one of the perks of the job. He got into a bit of trouble for a pricey makeover at the public expense, before he would move in.  Alansplodge (talk) 21:35, 19 September 2019 (UTC)

opium addiction in 19th century US?
I half-remember characters in Mark Twain novels treating various ailments with laudanum, which according to the article was available without a prescription until around 1906. Was there a significant problem with addiction before that? I'm aware of the opium wars between GB and China in the 18th century and there was apparently considerable addiction in China. It seems logical that if the stuff was so easily available in the US, there would be addiction here as well, but we don't hear about it much. Is it a brushed-aside bit of history, or what? (Of course there were also even worse problems like slavery, but that's separate). <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:12, 14 September 2019 (UTC)
 * This looks promising as a source: Inside the Story of America’s 19th-Century Opiate Addiction, and this study of the language used over the centuries to describe addiction may also suggest some good keywords to try while searching for historical accounts. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:24, 14 September 2019 (UTC)

 * It's a sad truth that many of the drug prohibitions in the U.S. were passed during kind of racist panics -- opium/heroin during an early 20th-century anti-Chinese "yellow peril" phase, marijuana during an anti-black phase. Harry J. Anslinger was the U.S. anti-drug czar for many years.  He came after the original outlawing of opium, but was very much involved in the outlawing of marijuana... AnonMoos (talk) 02:02, 15 September 2019 (UTC)

 * How addictive a substance is depends on it's purity. However, I'm not sure how pure opium was in the US then. SinisterLefty (talk) 03:47, 15 September 2019 (UTC)
 * It also depends on the individual user. A Feature Article in the current issue of New Scientist dealing with the causes of addiction (No. 3247, 14 September 2019, p42 'Is it really addiction?', Moya Sarner) asserts that about 15–20% of people have a predeliction for addictions (to both substances and behaviours like obsessive use of pornography or playing of video games), due to an excess of the neurotransmitter GABA in the amygdala, probably due to a lack of a chemical GAT-3 which clears excess GABA, seemingly associated with a varient of the DRD2 gene. The other 80–85%, by implication, are much less likely to become addicts of anything even if exposed to it.
 * If this is the case, then in a population with unrestricted access to a given addictive substance, up to 15% or so may form an addiction, but if the addictive substance does not cause immediate major health problems and is freely available, cheap and legal, most users may still be able to function in society. Laudanum was extensively (and legally) used/administered in Victorian Britain by people of all ages (it was used to passify babies) without people of the time noticing a major problem (growing objections were, I suspect, based on 'moral' grounds). Heroin was available on prescription to registered addicts in Britain in my lifetime and most were able to thus control their addiction and function. Many of the problems of addiction to substances that have been made illegal arise from having to use contaminated versions (more deleterious to health) supplied by criminals at high prices that necessitate turning to crime in order to pay for them. {The poster formerly known as <IP_ADDRESS>} <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:17, 15 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks all. The question was inspired partly by the current US opiate crisis which has caused a lot of fatalities.  I don't think impurities in the drugs has been an issue.  I wondered if there was a comparable situation pre-1900. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:39, 15 September 2019 (UTC)

 * I want to make sure you understand what I mean by "purity". I mean the concentration of the active ingredient(s). Modern drugs tend to have a lot more of that and less of the inactive ingredients. Those inactive ingredients limit the rate at which a person can consume the drug. For example, some alcohol is common in over-ripe fruit, but you wouldn't be able to get very drunk on them, because you would have to eat massive quantities. But if you distill the alcohol to increase the concentration, then you can get drunk and develop alcoholism. SinisterLefty (talk) 19:52, 15 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Ah I see. The article on laudanum says it is equivalent to about 1% morphine. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:33, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

 * That's rather low. At that concentration, I wouldn't expect many addicts. SinisterLefty (talk) 20:56, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * You probably would not be alone with such expectation, however, Laudanum DOES mention dependence Gem fr (talk) 08:02, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Dreams
I had a shower thought the other day that maybe dreams are just the experiences of our alternate selves in various dimensions/multiverses. It would explain why were always actors in our dreams and why we never die. Is this idea a thing in theories about why we dream? Thanks —Andrew 20:23, 14 September 2019 (UTC)
 * You might want to review Dream. Be aware that animals dream also. And how do you know we never die? Maybe the ones who do, don't live to tell about it. ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 22:05, 14 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Any conjecture involving alternate selves and interdimensional communication is going to be flagged as pseudoscience by pretty much everyone in mainstream academia today. So, your literal question about whether this is a "a thing in theories" is going to depend on who you qualify as holding "a thing". Psychologists, psychiatrists, and sleep scientists? Probably not. Dorm room bros who took Philosophy 101 and are trying to impress friends with their profundity? Much more likely. Matt Deres (talk) 18:31, 16 September 2019 (UTC)


text:
Kaboli

Kaboli may refer to:

People

 * Farzaneh Kaboli, Iranian dancer
 * Iraj Kaboli, Iranian writer
 * Mehrab Kaboli, fictional character in the Persian epic Shahnameh
 * Mohsen Kaboli, Iranian-German robotics scientist
 * Yadollah Kaboli Khansari, Iranian calligrapher

Places

 * Kaboli, Hormozgan
 * Kaboli, Razavi Khorasan
 * Kaboli, Togo

title: Kaboli


text:
Merton Russell-Cotes

Sir Merton Russell-Cotes (Wolverhampton 8 May 1835 – 27 January 1921 Bournemouth) was Mayor of Bournemouth, England, 1894–95. During his Mayoralty, Meyrick Park, two free libraries, and the first two schools of art in the borough were opened.

Although his name is usually hyphenated today, there is no hyphen in his Who's Who entry or the London Gazette entry for his knighthood, and he is described on the plaque marking the opening of the Undercliff Drive and Promenade as Cllr. Cotes, not Cllr. Russell-Cotes.

Royal Bath Hotel
He moved to Bournemouth in 1876 with his wife Annie. Soon after this, they bought the Bath Hotel. They quickly enlarged the hotel and renamed it the Royal Bath Hotel because the Prince of Wales had stayed there in 1856.

Civic activities
Russell-Cotes was elected to the Board of Commissioners in 1883 and fought hard to enhance the town's reputation as a health resort. He called for a direct railway link from Brockenhurst to Bournemouth to avoid having to change trains at Ringwood. He also campaigned for 'Undercliff Drive' to enable invalids to take a carriage drive beside the sea.

When Bournemouth became a borough in 1890, he presented the mace —a replica of that presented to Wolverhampton by Queen Elizabeth I.

Mayor of Bournemouth
Russell-Cotes was offered the mayoralty in 1893 but declined it due to temporary ill health. He became mayor in 1894.

East Cliff Hall
When Undercliff Drive opened in 1907, it was announced that Annie and Merton wanted to give their recently completed home, East Cliff Hall, and its contents to the people of Bournemouth.

Russell-Cotes amassed a large collection of works of art and curios. Those donated to the town are displayed in the Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum, Bournemouth's principal museum, which is located in East Cliff Hall and is named in his honour.

He was a friend of the actor, Sir Henry Irving, who stayed with him on several occasions.

Freedom of the Borough
The Russell-Cotes were granted the Freedom of the Borough of Bournemouth in 1908. Russell-Cotes was knighted in 1909.

Personal life
He was married to Annie Russell-Cotes.

title: Merton Russell-Cotes


text:
Talk:Dhawee Umponmaha

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Dhawee Umponmaha. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120301172251/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/um/dhawee-umponmaha-1.html to http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/um/dhawee-umponmaha-1.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:54, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dhawee Umponmaha


text:
FNJ

FNJ may refer to:
 * Federation of Nepalese Journalists
 * First Navy Jack
 * National Front for Justice (French: Front National pour la Justice), a political party in Comoros
 * National Front Youth (French: Front National de la Jeunesse), the youth wing of the French National Front
 * Pyongyang International Airport, in North Korea

title: FNJ


text:
kep

Etymology

 * (verb) from, from (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬).
 * (noun) see.

Verb

 * 1) to hew, quarry (stone)
 * 2) to chisel, engrave
 * 3) to sew, stitch (Gheg meaning)

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) vagina, vulva

Etymology
Related to.

Noun

 * 1)  catch

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) cap, brimless hat
 * 2) A soldier's or a nurse's cap.
 * 3) The special hat worn by professors or students durning certain ceremonies.

title: kep


text:
File:93714021 l.jpg

Summary
Description= Matthew E. Ball Source= Own work Date= Jan 11, 2007 Author= Matthew E. Ball Permission= This picture is free for any use that is non-profit.

title: File:93714021 l.jpg


text:
Talk:Derviş Eroğlu

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Derviş Eroğlu. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100423041059/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/101434/new-trnc-president-eroglu-to-take-oath-on-friday.html to http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/101434/new-trnc-president-eroglu-to-take-oath-on-friday.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:25, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Derviş Eroğlu


text:
Talk:Capitol Central

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 09:30, 16 March 2021 (UTC)
 * AyalaCapitolCentral.jpg

title: Talk:Capitol Central


text:
Rossiyskaya arkheologiya

Rossiyskaya arkheologiya (Российская археология), formerly Sovetskaya arkheologiya (Советская археология), is an academic journal dedicated to the subject of archaeology, published quarterly since 1957.

title: Rossiyskaya arkheologiya


text:
Brad Bryant

Bradley Dub Bryant (born December 11, 1954) is an American professional golfer.

Bryant was born in Amarillo, Texas, the son of a Southern Baptist pastor. He moved with his family to Alamogordo, New Mexico during his youth. Bryant attended the University of New Mexico for three years, but turned professional and qualified for the PGA Tour in 1976, a year before his scheduled graduation.

Bryant's only win on the PGA Tour came at the age of forty at the 1995 Walt Disney World/Oldsmobile Classic, which took 20 years and 475 starts to achieve, one of the longest waits for a PGA Tour win. After reaching the age of 50, Bryant began play on the Champions Tour, where he won for the first time at the 2006 Toshiba Classic and followed up later the same year by winning the Regions Charity Classic. He lost to Jay Haas in a playoff for the 2006 Senior PGA Championship. His best year in professional golf was 2007, when he finished third on the Champions Tour money list and fourth in the Charles Schwab Cup race; that year was highlighted by his victory at the U.S. Senior Open.

Bryant's younger brother Bart also won on the PGA Tour.

PGA Tour wins (1)
 * Note: The 1995 Walt Disney World/Oldsmobile Classic was shortened to 54 holes due to rain.

PGA Tour playoff record (0–1)

Other wins (1)
Other playoff record (1–0)

Champions Tour wins (4)
Champions Tour playoff record (1–3)

Results in major championships
{{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" = tied

Results in The Players Championship
{{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the halfway cut "T" indicates a tie for a place

Results timeline
Results not in chronological order.

{{legend|lime|Win}} {{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the halfway cut WD = withdrew "T" indicates a tie for a place NT = No tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic

title: Brad Bryant


text:
elemosina

Etymology 1
, from. Compare the inherited counterpart, now archaic.

Noun

 * 1) charity
 * 2)  alms

title: elemosina


text:
alioikeus

Noun

 * 1) A principal trial court or court of first instance the lowest level in a court system, on which most criminal and civil lawsuits are first judged.

title: alioikeus


text:
Template talk:Placeholder

This template is part of the Templates learning project to create a quick and easy tag for a future resource. It is designed to provide a very temporary placeholder for a project, program, practicum or other entity. An appropriate use of this template is to commit to at least a title or handle for which an individual or group has a settled plan to develop in the future.

Like all Wikiversity learning objects, this template is not a claim to any sort of "ownership" (like for example, planting a National flag on the Moon). You may add to, link to, object to, show support for, question the validity of, &... anything else you want to do with or about the placeholder. This is a wiki, after all!

Have fun with this template!

title: Template talk:Placeholder


text:
pierrot

Noun

 * 1) Any of various lycaenid butterflies of the genera  and, notable for white contrasting with brown or black on the underwings.
 * 2)  An 18th-century women's low-cut basque with sleeves.
 * 1) Any of various lycaenid butterflies of the genera  and, notable for white contrasting with brown or black on the underwings.
 * 2)  An 18th-century women's low-cut basque with sleeves.

Noun

 * 1) A person dressed in a Pierrot costume

Noun

 * 1) a person dressed in a Pierrot costume

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) a person dressed in a Pierrot costume

title: pierrot


text:
Özlem Conker

Özlem Conker (born 12 may 1973) is a Turkish actress.

Conker was educated at the Training Center for Special Education Care in the Netherlands. She started her acting career in 1996 by playing a supporting role in the Bizim Ev series. She was first noted by the public in 2001 with her role in the TRT series Vasiyet. She is best known for her roles in the period drama Payitaht: Abdülhamid, Kınalı Kar, and the series Karagül. With Okan Yalabık, she played in romantic comedies "Çapkın" and "Sensiz Olmuyor".

title: Özlem Conker


text:
Talk:AppleSearch

====

Untitled
To be included in Wikipedia, you must show that a company meets WP:CORP and software meets WP:SOFTWARE. All articles must meet WP:N and WP:V. Also, no original research is allowed per WP:OR. Check these policies out. If you provide this information via citing appropriate third-party, unbiased references from reputable sources, your article will not have a problem. Mattisse(talk) 12:41, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * You have failed to address any of the questions I had about your drive-by tagging. Instead of answering these issues, you have simply added some sort of boilerplate that could apply to any article, none of which appears to apply in this case...
 * WP:CORP obviously doesn't apply. This article is not about a company.
 * WP:SOFTWARE could apply, but doesn't. The software in question was a major release from a major vendor, mentioned in all the trade rags, and even the topic of ACM articles. The code continued to be used in other products (which have their own pages here in the wiki) after the product as a whole was no longer offered. One of these, Sherlock, is quite famous, by any definition.
 * WP:N fails for the same reason (actually, WP:SOFTWARE is essentially a WP:N subcase)
 * WP:V fails for the same reasons. AppleSearch was widely talked about in the press.
 * WP:O could apply, but you offer no examples, nor was this one of your original complaints.

 * None of the items above have anything to do with the original four tags you added to the article. Yet now you put up a deletion notice. I ask again:

 * 1) What do you feel is non-encyclopedic about the article in terms of formal tone?
 * 2) What part do you feel is reads like an advertisement?
 * 3) What part do you feel is not covered in the quoted reference?

 * I would be more than happy to fix these problems, but you need to tell me what they are.

 * Maury 15:20, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Then it sounds like the solution is to merge the article with Apple Computer or redirect it to there
That way you would not have to come up with multiple, credible, reputable, unbiased outside links as you do now as an independent article. That might be preferable. Mattisse(talk)

 * How would this article possibly be merged into Apple Computer? This is like suggesting that the article on Microsoft Word be merged into Microsoft.
 * I'm sorry, but I still don't see any reason that you originally tagged the article, and you still haven't offered a single argument in your defense. After the first time you even suggested the article be deleted as a result! After the second time you make this "suggestion".
 * Frankly, I'm inclined to simply ignore your complaints, because they appear to be completely spurious. Unless you can come up with something a little more cogent, I'm going to consider the matter closed. Maury 19:41, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Merge
Disagree. Way too much information, though a link from Apple Computer to this page would be a good idea. It's currently sort of isolated. TomTheHand 20:23, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

This is getting out of hand
I'm getting rather tired of your edits, Mattisse. I have asked you on several occasions to point out exactly what your complaints are, but to date you have refused to do so. In the three exchanges so far you have simply invented some other set of complaints instead of answering the questions I asked. One might conclude that you have no basis for your complaints.

In your latest series you have scattered "reference needed" throughout the article. As I have pointed out twice now, once here, once on the article's talk page, the references have been provided. If you could be bothered to read the ones I included, you will note that every place you inserted a "reference needed" is covered in one of the four linked documents. In fact, one of them is the actual software that you stamped with a "reference needed" for its existence!

You appear to have started with good intentions, but your behavior since then appears to be driven largely from hubris.

Maury 14:28, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Maury, the article would benefit from in-line citations. I believe that's what Mattisse is requesting.  Yes, the information in the article is from the sources at the bottom, but what information is from what source? TomTheHand 15:00, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

The citation issue
I was reading your talk page because you have sent me some very odd notes, one just today. It seems that you really do not understand the issue about citations. I see that people are trying to help you grasp the issue and that is very good. It is nice of them to make the effort to spell things out clearly to you and even find the citations for you. NLOleson 20:59, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:AppleSearch


text:
User:JesusAddict3791~enwikibooks

I just modified the Ablative page on the Latin wikibook. Would you mind taking a look at it? I will add much much more later.

title: User:JesusAddict3791~enwikibooks


text:
Hebrew/Personal Pronouns

Grammar
In general, the "to be" verb is not present in the Hebrew language. So "He David" translates to "He is David". Or -- "She is Sarah".

Who is who?
This exercise using the following extra words: -- who mi, -- Hello; Goodbye shalom and some names: (Sarah), (Jacob), (Moses), (Rachel)

Now try some simple sentences

Without diacritic marks
Translate the following:
 * 1) אני
 * 2)  את
 * 3) היא
 * 4) הוא
 * 5)  אתה

Answers
See Hebrew/Personal Pronouns/Answers.

Related lessons

 * Hebrew/Basic 2
 * Hebrew/Greetings
 * Hebrew/Names

title: Hebrew/Personal Pronouns


text:
GCSE Science/Current, voltage resistance and Ohm's law

Electronics GCSE Science/Electricity

What is electricity anyway?
So far in this module we have been using words like electricity, current, voltage, and resistance without actually explaining in depth what these words mean. On this page you will learn what these words mean, and how they relate to one another.

What is electricity on an atomic level
Let's think about a wire, made of copper. You should already know that it is made of particles called copper atoms, which have a positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons. We need not concern ourself with the nucleus, because it does not move. They are stuck in a rigid crystal structure. Instead we need to look at the electrons. Copper, like all metals, has some loose electrons. These electrons are not held rigidly by the atoms but are free to roam about anywhere as long as they stay somewhere in the metal. We call them conduction electrons because they are the ones that conduct electricity. To see how electric current flows imagine a small petri dish, with an even smaller one glued inside. The channel between the two dishes is then filled with peas. The channel represents the wires in a circuit, the peas the electrons.

Charge is the quantity of free charged particles (in this case electrons). The SI unit of charge is the coulomb.

You could count the electrons, but there are an awful lot of electrons! Each electron carries a tiny charge, of −1.602×10-19 coulomb. We can turn this figure on its head and say that if we grouped together 6.2415×1018 electrons we would have −1 coulomb of charge.

Electric field
An electric field is a region where an object experiences a force due to its charge.

The strength of the electric field (electric field strength E) is described by considering how much force is experienced by a unit charge (a charge of 1 coulomb) when it's placed in the field.

The electric field at any point is therefore expressed in newtons per coulomb.

Some fields (such as the field between two parallel charged plates) have the same field strength throughout the field - uniform fields. Others (particularly radial fields due to isolated point charges) do not have constant field strength.

In a battery there is a negative and positive terminal. The conventional current flows from positive to negative (the large line to the small line). Because opposites attract, these charges in the battery will be attracting each other, but they can not move directly to each other through the battery because of the chemical processes. If there is a complete external circuit, this attraction from the battery will give the free electrons in the metal (i.e. the wire) a force which will make them move. If you think about it these electrons are being forced to the other side of the battery because of this attraction. We call this driving force the Electro-motive Force (e.m.f). Emfs are measured in volts, and are sometimes referred to simply as voltage. The larger the emf (the voltage) the more quickly electrons flow round the circuit. What is the rate of flow of the electrons?....the current. so, a larger voltage means a larger current.

Current
Now imagine that you were to put your finger on one pea and push it in a clockwise direction. All the peas would move because they are all touching one another. This is just what happens when an electric current flows.

Current is the flow of charged particles (the particles are usually electrons). The SI unit of current is the ampere (symbol A).

To understand how current is defined think of standing at a given point in the wire. Electrons are flowing past you.

One Ampere is a flow of one coulomb going past every second.

 * 1 A = 1 C·s-1 (1 A = 1 C/s)

Definition of the ampere
BUT this flow of charge idea is NOT the definition of the ampere. The ampere is defined in terms of the force produced between two wires each carrying identical currents:-

The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 meter apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 x 10-7 newton per meter of length.

Voltage
Having looked at charge and current, we now need to look at what voltage means.

As you know, electrons repel each other. If you hold one electron near another electron, you have to push against it to hold it in place. If you try to bring it even closer, you have to do work (force times distance) to get it to that new position.

The voltage between one point and another is simply how much work per coulomb is required to move any small test charge from point A to point B.

In most electronic components, it doesn't matter much which path the test charge takes in-between point A and point B.

Voltage is related to the energy of the charges. Let's go back to the peas in the petri dish. They can be pushed slowly or they can be pushed quickly. The faster they go, the more energy they have. It's a similar situation for the electrons, except the push isn't provided by a finger! It's provided by the battery.

The battery gives the charges energy. This energy is given up to the various components in the circuit, e.g. bulbs, resistors etc. The energy per unit charge is called the voltage (or the potential difference).

Definition of the volt
One volt means one joule of energy per coulomb of charge.

More accurately it has 2 definitions:

Electromotive Force is the amount of energy converted from non-electrical to electrical form when driving 1 coulomb of charge around a completed and closed circuit.

Potential Difference is the amount of energy converted from electrical to non-electrical form when driving 1 coulomb of charge around a completed and closed circuit.

The potential difference between 2 points in a conductor is defined as 1 volt, if 1 Joule of energy is converted from electrical form to non-electrical form, when 1 coulomb of charge per second (1 amp) flows through it. Note: This will only occur between 2 points in a conductor, that has a resistance, defined as 1 ohm. See resistance below.

 * 1 V = 1 J·C-1 (1 V = 1 J/C)

Resistance and Ohm's law
Resistance is easy to understand. It's just how difficult it is for the charges to flow through an electrical component or from one point to another in an electrical circuit. Imagine a group of walkers travelling down a road. They approach a fork in the road. To the left is a flat straight road leading to a nearby town. To the right is a huge mountain, over which a steep and winding road traverses. This road also leads to the nearby town.

Naturally all the walkers chose the left route. Let's now suppose that there are millions of walkers. They are jam packed on the road, and they are all in a hurry to get to the town as quickly as possible. Now when they come to the fork in the road which way should they go? Most will still go to the left, but a few might chose to go to the right, the road is more difficult but there is no traffic jam, so they might get there quicker.

It's a similar thing with moving charges. Like charges repel, so they would rather not pack in very closely together. Some routes, like wires have very low resistance, while other routes like bulbs have much higher resistance. More charges will go down a low resistance route than a high resistance one. The unit of resistance is the ohm, represented by the Greek letter Omega (Ω).

Ohm's Law
This law relates resistance, current, and voltage. It's very easy to remember because it's obvious when you think about it.

Let's think of a wire carrying current from a battery, to a bulb then back to the battery. The voltage of the battery provides the energy of the flowing electrons. Let's assume we want to increase the rate of flow of charge. Remember that current is the rate of flow of charge so we want to increase the current.

 * Increase the voltage If we increase the voltage, we increase the energy of the charges. Each charge will then flow faster, so the current will increase. (A fast moving river carries more water per hour than a slow one of the same size). So current must be proportional to voltage.

 * Increase the number of charges flowing The more charges that flow, the bigger the current will be. (A wide river carries more water per hour than an equally fast flowing but narrower one.) The way to increase the number of charges is to decrease the resistance. So the current must be proportional to 1÷Resistance. We say that it is inversely proportional to the resistance.

 * So, the current is proportional to the voltage, and is inversely proportional to the resistance.

So $$Current = Voltage \times \frac{1}{Resistance}$$

 * $$Current = \frac{Voltage}{Resistance}$$

Rearranging gives :
 * $$Voltage = Current \times Resistance$$

In symbols:
 * $$V=IR$$

This is Ohm's law. Learn it by heart.

Q2) A wire has a resistance of two Ω and a voltage of 3 V is applied. What is the current?

Q3) A wire has a 5 V potential difference applied. the current is 10 A, what is the resistance?

Q4) A current of 2 A is flowing through a wire with a voltage of 20 V. What is the resistance of the wire?

(Remember to give the units for all your answers).

Answers | <>


text:
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Talk:Paul A. Bonacci

 __NOINDEX__

The result of the discussion was:  delete. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 21:11, 25 August 2020 (UTC)

Talk:Paul A. Bonacci

 * – (View MfD)

Talk page for a former BLP article that was redirected in 2006. First redirected to Franklin Coverup Scandal and then to Franklin child sex ring allegations after a rename in 2008. The leftover talk is full of BLP violating material and bizarre conspiracy theories. There is no positive value to the project in retention of the page or any of its content and the persistence of the BLP violation 14 years later is dismaying. Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 16:20, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * If the above is true, you should have quietly redirected, not drawn attention to it. If it is so bad that redirection is not good enough, WP:Oversight is the answer. The redirect title name is not mentioned at the target, so I think the redirection might want to be deleted.  The article looks to have been about a victim who went to court seeking justice, and the talk page crosses WP:NOTADVOCACY. I do not immediately see anything at the level of “BLP violation”. —SmokeyJoe (talk) 22:12, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete: No value to readers or contributors. I'd maybe suggest redirecting this but the page has 1) stuff that qualifies for suppression and 2) stuff only useful for the (now-redirected) page.  I'd say delete and maybe suppress the deleted content. Aasim 17:16, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Question: In looking at this nomination (which I may come back to), I did a Google search on the subject's name, and this page—i.e., the talk page—showed up as the first Google hit. I was under the impression that article talk places are "no-indexed" and not included in search engine results. Is that no longer the case, or is there some specific reason this one appeared? Thanks, Newyorkbrad (talk) 18:14, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * , I honestly do not have an answer to your question but I suspect that this IP editor found the old talk page the same way. Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 19:01, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I've manually NOINDEX'd the page. Most BLP talk pages transclude WikiProject Biography, which NOINDEXs the page, but this one did not. Best, Kevin ( aka L235 · t · c) 21:37, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * , I have always thought people naive to believe that _NOINDEX_ will be respected. Google, and other search engines, are Artificial Intelligence (AI) learners, and if their users want this information, the AI learner will accommodate.  Maybe, Google won't crawl and index, but Google tracks what its users do, and if its users search for this, and then go to that, Google will surely learn.  AI learning machines, like the web generally, will find ways around barriers.  --SmokeyJoe (talk) 02:41, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Google gives me the talk page as the top hit. Yahoo gives as the fifth hit "en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org/.../Talk:Paul_A._Bonacci We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us."
 * Google doesn't respect the request to not repeat the page content. Yahoo knows this is what I am looking for, facilitates me getting there, and pointlessly respects the request to not repeat the page contents.
 * Bing.com gives talk page content in the hit, hit #5.
 * --SmokeyJoe (talk) 02:52, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the background on this. In this instance, though, it looks like it was WP's mistake not to have designated the page as no-index properly in the first place. Now that that's been done, the page will hopefully disappear from the search results, although it will take some time for that to happen. The broader question is how to make sure this doesn't also happen on other, similar pages ... there's a related discussion on the Village Pump now. Regards, Newyorkbrad (talk) 14:46, 20 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete Utterly valueless. XOR'easter (talk) 22:54, 22 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete immediately. It will still show up from mirrors etc, but not as prominently.  DGG ( talk ) 20:19, 24 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Risi

Risi may refer to:

Folklore

 * Jötunn, a being in Germanic folklore

People

 * Bruno Risi (b. 1968), Swiss professional racing cyclist
 * Dino Risi (1916–2008), Italian film director
 * Giuliano De Risi (b. 1945), Italian journalist
 * Lucio de Risi (b. 1953), Italian electrical engineer
 * Nelo Risi (1920–2015), Italian poet and film director
 * Peter Risi (1950–2010), Swiss footballer
 * Umberto Risi (b. 1940), Italian steeplechase runner
 * Vittoria Risi (b. 1978), Italian pornographic actress

Places

 * Risi, Iran, a village in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran

Other uses

 * Risi Competizione, American auto racing team formed by Giuseppe Risi
 * Risi, in Old Norse, means "giant" and usually refers to a race of legendary beings called the Jötnar.
 * RISI, Repository of Industrial Security Incidents
 * RISI, Russian Institute for Strategic Research or Russian Institute for Strategic Studies

title: Risi


text:
2019–2021 Department of Homeland Security appointment disputes

Beginning in 2019, multiple appointments of acting officials in the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) were questioned, on the basis of whether the appointments were legal under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998 and the Homeland Security Act of 2002. After the departure of Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen in April 2019, the Trump administration did not formally nominate a new secretary to be confirmed by the Senate, relying on acting postings.

The disputed appointments were those of Kevin McAleenan and Chad Wolf as Acting Secretary of Homeland Security, and Ken Cuccinelli as Senior Official Performing the Duties of both the Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security and the Director of United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). The dispute on the Secretary and Deputy Secretary appointments centered on the fact that the issued text of an amendment to the order of succession deviated from the intention of then-Secretary Nielsen, placing a different person than expected next in line. The dispute on the USCIS appointment centered on whether a newly created Principal Deputy Director position was validly the "first assistant" to the Director under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act.

On March 1, 2020, the District Court for the District of Columbia ruled that Cuccinelli was not lawfully appointed to serve as acting USCIS Director and invalidated certain actions taken by him; the government dropped its appeal of this case in August 2020. On August 14, 2020, the Government Accountability Office released a finding that McAleenan, Wolf, and Cuccinelli had been appointed improperly to their Acting Secretary and Deputy Secretary positions; the DHS rejected this finding.

On November 14, 2020, the District Court for the Eastern District of New York ruled that Wolf was not lawfully serving as Acting Secretary of Homeland Security and overturned all of his orders as lacking "legal authority". Wolf resigned his post on January 11, 2021, after a number of similar court rulings.

Background
The Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998 (FVRA) specified procedures for filling vacant offices, allowing the President to direct a person serving in a different Senate-confirmed position to serve as acting officer. The Homeland Security Act of 2002 (HSA) established the Department of Homeland Security and the position of the Secretary of Homeland Security. The line of succession to the Secretary was specified through a series of executive orders, the most recent of which was Executive Order 13753 of December 9, 2016, which specified the line of succession when the Secretary had "died, resigned, or otherwise become unable to perform the functions and duties of the office of Secretary".

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, signed into law on December 23, 2016, amended the HSA to create new procedures for specifying the line of succession for the Secretary as an exception to the procedures in the FVRA. Specifically, it specified that the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Management must be third in line to the Secretary position, and second in line to the Deputy Secretary position. It also allowed the Secretary rather than the President to specify the further lines of succession, and did not specify a time limit to the eligibility of acting officials as the FVRA had done.

The Secretary specified succession through DHS Delegation 00106, which went through a number of revisions. By February 2019, it stated that Executive Order 13753 still held in the case of death, resignation, or inability; and provided an "Annex A" specifying the succession if the Secretary became "unavailable to act during a disaster or catastrophic emergency", although the order of succession was the same in both cases.

McAleenan and Wolf as Acting Secretary
Kirstjen Nielsen served as the Senate-confirmed Secretary of Homeland Security from December 5, 2017, until April 10, 2019. On April 9, 2019, Nielsen had issued a new revision of Delegation 00106 that updated Annex A, but left Executive Order 13753 in place in the case of death, resignation, or inability. At the time, DHS referred to Annex A, which had Customs and Border Protection Commissioner Kevin McAleenan as next in line, rather than Executive Order 13753, which had Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Director Chris Krebs as next in line. While Nielsen demonstrably intended to place McAleenan next in line, and a memorandum from the DHS General Counsel to Nielsen contained ambiguous language, the actual issued text of the amended Delegation 00106 unambiguously placed Krebs next in line. McAleenan served as Acting Secretary, at least in a de facto capacity, from April 11 until November 13, 2019.

On November 8, 2019, McAleenan issued another revision of Delegation 00106, which specified Annex A as the line of succession for all situations, and placed the Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans fourth in line for the Secretary position. Upon McAleenan's resignation, Chad Wolf began serving de facto as Acting Secretary on November 13, 2019.

Cuccinelli as Acting USCIS Director and Deputy Secretary
Ken Cuccinelli was appointed to serve in the newly created position of Principal Deputy Director of the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) in June 2019. This was intended to make him the "first assistant" to the Director position, making him eligible to immediately become its acting director.

On November 13, 2019, the day he assumed office, Wolf amended Annex B of Delegation 00106 specifying the order of succession for Deputy Secretary, placing the Principal Deputy Director of Citizenship and Immigration Services second in line after the Under Secretary for Management, thus specifying Cuccinelli as Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Deputy Secretary.

USCIS appointment
In a June 18, 2019 letter to the Acting Secretary of Homeland Security, House committee chairs Jerry Nadler, Elijah Cummings, and Bennie Thompson alleged that Cuccinelli's brief appointment as Principal Deputy Director had been retroactively applied, possibly in violation of the FVRA. The USCIS employees union also challenged the legality of Cuccinelli's appointment.

In September 2019, a lawsuit was filed challenging his asylum directives, partially on the basis that his appointment was invalid. On March 1, 2020, Judge Randolph D. Moss of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia ruled that Cuccinelli was not lawfully appointed to serve as acting director, on the basis that the novel nature of the Principal Deputy Director position meant that he had never served as the "first assistant" to anyone. He therefore lacked authority to issue two of the directives challenged in the lawsuit. Because the case was not filed as a class action, Moss was "unconvinced" that his relief should be extended to other asylum seekers not part of the original suit.

On August 12, 2020, the government dropped its appeal in the case.

Government Accountability Office finding
On November 15, 2019, House Democrats Bennie Thompson and Carolyn Maloney requested that Comptroller General of the United States Gene Dodaro review the legality of Wolf's appointment on the basis that former Acting Secretary McAleenan did not have authority to change the department's line of succession, asserting that former Secretary Nielsen had not properly placed McAleenan first in the line of succession before resigning and that McAleenan's change came after the 210-day limit to his authority had expired.

On August 14, 2020, the Government Accountability Office released a finding that McAleenan, Wolf, and Cuccinelli had been appointed improperly, noting that:"Upon Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen's resignation on April 10, 2019, the official who assumed the title of Acting Secretary had not been designated in the order of succession to serve upon the Secretary's resignation. Because the incorrect official assumed the title of Acting Secretary at that time, subsequent amendments to the order of succession made by that official were invalid and officials who assumed their positions under such amendments, including Chad Wolf and Kenneth Cuccinelli, were named by reference to an invalid order of succession."Dodaro referred the matter to Department of Homeland Security Inspector General Joseph V. Cuffari to review the questions of who should be serving in these positions, the legality of other actions taken by McAleenan, Wolf, and Cuccinelli. Under the line of succession found valid by GAO, the Acting Secretary as of August 2020 would be Federal Emergency Management Agency Administrator Pete Gaynor. Although GAO findings are not legally binding, it was expected to affect several pending court cases, including Wolf v. Vidal, where plaintiffs had argued that rules issued by McAleenan, Wolf, and Cuccinelli were void because they had been improperly appointed.

On August 17, the Department of Homeland Security's Acting General Counsel issued a statement rejecting the GAO's finding, saying that Nielsen had in fact legally appointed McAleenan as Acting Secretary. To support this they stated the fact that she had personally sworn him in, and announced in a public email that he was the incoming Acting Secretary, as evidence of her intention. They also pointed to a preliminary memorandum from the DHS General Counsel to Nielsen that, unlike the text of the actual DHS Delegation, included ambiguous language. They also criticized the timing of the finding, noting that GAO had taken over eight months to issue the finding, and released in just 80 days prior to the 2020 United States elections, and asserted that the validity of the appointment was outside the GAO's jurisdiction because it was made under the HSA and not the FVRA.

On August 21, GAO declined to retract or amend their findings, saying that DHS had not provided any evidence of material errors of fact or law in the finding, and that all their points had already been considered in the finding.

Subsequent events and legal challenges
On August 25, President Trump announced that he would nominate Wolf to be confirmed by the Senate as the permanent Secretary of Homeland Security. The nomination was formally submitted to the Senate on September 10. The same day, FEMA Administrator Pete Gaynor, who was highest official in the proper Acting Secretary succession order, issued a memo designating the same order of succession that was intended to be established by McAleenan, in order to make Wolf the proper Acting Secretary. Wolf then issued a memo reaffirming his previous actions as Acting Secretary. However, on November 13, DHS admitted in a court ruling that Gaynor's memo had apparently been issued about an hour before the Senate nomination had been made, which may affect its legality.

On September 11, 2020, federal judge Paula Xinis ruled that Wolf was likely unlawfully serving as acting secretary of the Department of Homeland Security. On that basis, the court issued an order barring the enforcement of rules Wolf had created. Likewise, on November 14, Judge Nicholas Garaufis of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York ruled that Wolf was not lawfully serving as Acting Secretary of Homeland Security due to the improper appointments of McAleenan and Wolf. In addition to finding the 2019 McAleenan memo ineffective, Garaufis ruled that the 2020 Gaynor memo was also ineffective because DHS had not fulfilled legal formalities about notifying Congress for Gaynor to serve as acting secretary. Nevertheless, Gaynor issued a duplicate memo on November 17, 2020.

Other courts soon followed suit. On January 8, 2021, Judge James Donato of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California became the fifth judge to rule that Wolf was not lawfully acting as the Acting Secretary of Homeland Security. Wolf resigned his post three days later, saying his action was "warranted by recent events, including the ongoing and meritless court rulings regarding the validity of my authority as acting secretary."