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Bamberg Symphony

The Bamberg Symphony (German: Bamberger Symphoniker – Bayerische Staatsphilharmonie) is a renowned German orchestra top-class orchestra that has been residing in Bamberg since its foundation in 1946 and travels the world as a touring orchestra.

The Bamberg Symphony was founded in 1946 by musicians who as a result of the Beneš decrees had been driven out of Bohemia, Moravia, the Czech Sudetenland as well as from German cities and had ended up in Bamberg. The „core” of the orchestra comprised former members of the German Philharmonic Orchestra Prague. The first concert of the orchestra was performed on March 20, 1946 in Bamberg. In July 1946, the orchestra was renamed the „Bamberg Symphony“ (German: Bamberger Symphoniker).

The orchestra is recognized as an outstanding touring orchestra and has performed more than 7,500 concerts in 64 countries and over 530 cities in its history. It has worked with more than 500 guest conductors to date. Since 2004, it has held the title of state orchestra. The orchestra's musical roots trace back to Mahler and Mozart, and it is well known for its characteristic dark, full and resonant sound. Since the fall of 2016, the orchestra has been led by its sixth Chief Conductor, Czech-born Jakub Hrůša.

The Bamberg Symphony Orchestra is based in the Bamberg Concert Hall, which was opened in 1993 and acoustically optimized in 2008 by the Japanese acoustic designer Yasuhisa Toyota and has the nickname Sinfonie an der Regnitz (Symphony on the Regnitz). 2009 saw the concert hall undergo a comprehensive renovation and modernization following a concept by the designer Peter Schmidt.

History
The link between Bamberg and Prague dates back to the 18th century: the orchestra of the Estates Theatre in Prague is regarded as the predecessor of the orchestra that performed under the directorship of Carl Maria von Weber from 1813 to 1816. The city's German theatre was also influenced by eminent artists such as Gustav Mahler. After the German occupation, the orchestra was re-established as the German Philharmonic Orchestra Prague. This orchestra performed under the direction of Joseph Keilberth in Prague until the end of the Second World War. The musicians had to flee in May 1945 during the Prague uprising. After the end of the Second World War, a number of top German-speaking musicians from Bohemia and Moravia arrived in Bamberg, after having been expelled by the Beneš decrees. The majority of these musicians, roughly two thirds, were former members of the German Philharmonic Orchestra Prague, who formed the Bamberg Symphony Orchestra in 1946.

The founding of the orchestra was decisively due to the commitment of a Bamberg citizens' committee. The first public concert was held under the name „Bamberger Tonkünstlerorchester“ before the orchestra was renamed ‘Bamberger Symphoniker’ shortly after. The first conductors included Hans Schneider, Konrad Lechner, Hans Knappertsbusch, Herbert Albert, Georg Ludwig Jochum and finally Joseph Keilberth, who conducted his first concert in Bamberg in 1949. This reunion with Keilberth was a momentous milestone for the orchestra.

In September 2016, Jakub Hrůša became the sixth Chief Conductor of the Bamberg Symphony, with an initial contract of four seasons. In June 2018, the orchestra announced the extension of Hrůša's contract as its chief conductor through the 2025–2026 season. In December 2023, the orchestra announced a further extension of Hrůša's contract as chief conductor through the 2028–2029 season.

Chief conductors

 * Joseph Keilberth (1949–1968)
 * James Loughran (1979–1983)
 * Witold Rowicki (1983–1985)
 * Horst Stein (1985–1996)
 * Jonathan Nott (2000–2016)
 * Jakub Hrůša (2016–present)

Joseph Keilberth
A key figure in the history of the Bamberg Symphony was Joseph Keilberth, who officially took up the post of Chief Conductor in Bamberg in January 1950. His artistic work, his reputation and his stringent approach to programming could hardly be overestimated in terms of shaping the Bamberg Symphony's national and international profile. From the very beginning, Keilberth's aim was to increase the number of radio recordings with the orchestra and to go on a tour in Germany and abroad.

In May 1950, as part of a grant from the Free State of Bavaria, the administrative district of Upper Franconia and the City of Bamberg, a work agreement was also signed with the Bavarian Broadcasting (Bayerischer Rundfunk), which scheduled a constant number of productions – the beginning of a media partnership that continues to this day.

During the Keilberth era, numerous renowned guest conductors were invited to conduct the „Bamberger“, including Eugen Jochum, Hans Rosbaud, Fritz Lehmann, Georg Solti, Clemens Krauss, Lovro von Matačić, Heinrich Hollreiser, Robert Heger, André Cluytens, Heinz Wallberg and Rudolf Kempe.

The great concert hall of the Bamberg Concert and Congress Hall, which has been home to the Bamberg Symphony since 1993, is named after Joseph Keilberth.

Eugen Jochum – James Loughran – Horst Stein
After Keilberth's death in 1968, Eugen Jochum took over the artistic responsibility for the orchestra. Jochum's worldwide recognition as a Bruckner interpreter and his successes at the Würzburg Mozart Festival had cemented his reputation. In 1971, Jochum took over the position of Chief Conductor, and from 1973 he remained in close contact with the orchestra as a guest conductor. On the occasion of his 76th birthday, the Bamberg Symphony awarded Jochum the title of Honorary Conductor in November 1978. As Jochum's successor, the Hungarian István Kertész was introduced, but died in a swimming accident on the beach in Tel Aviv a few months before taking up his post, on 16 April 1973.

In the following 1973/1974 season, nine guest conductors took the baton in Bamberg, as the position of Chief Conductor was still vacant. On 1 April 1977, the Scotsman James Loughran finally introduced himself to the Bamberg Symphony as guest conductor. Like some of his predecessors, he drew public attention to the need for a suitable venue for the orchestra. On 4 February 1984, Loughran conducted his last concert with the Bamberg Symphony and the collaboration ended by mutual agreement on 31 August 1983. The Polish conductor Witold Rowicki took over as interim artistic director until his successor took office. The collaboration with him lasted until his death in 1989.

Horst Stein became the orchestra's Chief Conductor in 1985. His debut on the podium was followed by a partnership agreement between the orchestra and the Ariola record label. One of the milestones was the complete recording of Schubert's symphonies in collaboration with the Bayerischer Rundfunk in 1986. Together with Horst Stein, the Bamberg Symphony travelled through Germany and to the major European music capitals as well as several times to Asia and South America, for example. The Bamberg Symphony's first concert in Prague, the city of its historical roots, also took place under his baton in 1991. After the ground-breaking ceremony for the construction of the new concert hall on 25 November 1989, Stein conducted the opening concert in the newly erected Bamberg Concert Hall in September 1993 with Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 8, the „Symphony of a Thousand“. Stein held his post until 1996 and was appointed Honorary Conductor of the Bamberg Symphony.

Jonathan Nott
From January 2000, Jonathan Nott was Chief Conductor in Bamberg and took over the baton from his predecessors with enormous success. With him, a new profiling of the orchestra began, which involved turning more towards 20th century and contemporary music. In September 2011, Jonathan Nott extended his contract in Bamberg until 2016.

Jonathan Nott regularly performed with the Bamberg Symphony at all the major national and international festivals and went on numerous concert tours domestic and abroad. The performance in Castel Gandolfo in honour of Pope Benedict XVI on the occasion of the 1,000th anniversary of the diocese in Bamberg is one of the outstanding milestones of his era.

During his tenure, Jonathan Nott focused on the symphonies of Franz Schubert, Ludwig van Beethoven and Johannes Brahms, the classical modernism of Béla Bartók and Igor Stravinsky, as well as the works of György Ligeti. Works by Jörg Widmann, Wolfgang Rihm, Mark-Anthony Turnage and Bruno Mantovani received their world or German premieres in concerts of the Bamberg Symphony under Jonathan Nott, who was also responsible for concert performances of Beethoven's „Fidelio“ and Richard Wagner's „Ring des Nibelungen“ and „Tristan und Isolde“.

Finally, the orchestra began focussing on the music of Mahler. The Bamberg Symphony has long been recognised as one of the world's leading Mahler orchestras. In 2013, they completed the CD cycle of all of Gustav Mahler's symphonies – a complete recording whose individual recordings have repeatedly been honoured with prestigious awards over the years, such as the MIDEM Classical Award or the International Record Prize „Toblacher Komponierhäuschen“.

Jakub Hrůša
In autumn 2016, Jakub Hrůša succeeded Jonathan Nott and became the sixth Chief Conductor in the history of the Bamberg Symphony. It is the first time that a Czech has been appointed Chief Conductor of the orchestra. Hrůša cultivates the distinctive „Bohemian sound“ and focuses on masterpieces of music history as well as world premieres and discoveries in his programming. In May 2019, the Bamberg Symphony opened the 74th Prague Spring Music Festival with him with the famous symphonic poem „Má vlast“ from their Bohemian homeland.

Their first CD together was released shortly after Hrůša took office in October 2016, with Bedrich Smetana’s „Má vlast“ (My Fatherland) on the label Tudor. Since then, the orchestra and its conductor have been working on a Brahms-Dvořák edition in addition to other projects. On each of the four CDs already released as part of the project, a symphony by Brahms is paired with a symphony by Dvořák. Another important work is the symphony cycles by Beethoven, Bruckner, Mahler and Martinů. The intention is to discover the German-Czech musical tradition.

The regular recordings and productions with renowned artists on the podium and on the instrument attract widespread public and professional attention. As a conductor, Hrůša has received numerous awards and nominations for his discography. Most recently, he was honoured with the Bamberg Symphony in 2022 and 2023 with the ICMA Award for Symphonic Music for his recordings of Hans Rott’s Symphony No. 1 and Bruckner’s Symphony No. 4. In 2023, he was also named Opus Klassik Conductor of the Year for his recording of Rott's Symphony No. 1. Hrůša was the first recipient of the Sir Charles Mackerras Prize in 2015. In 2020, he was honoured with the Antonín Dvořák Prize of the Czech Academy of Classical Music. In the same year, the Bamberg Symphony Orchestra received the Bavarian State Prize for Music under his direction. After Hrůša was made an honorary member of the Royal Academy of Music in London in April 2023, he was awarded the Bavarian Culture Prize on 16 November 2023 for his services to the Bamberg Symphony.

Hrůša also serves as president of the jury of The Mahler Competition, now the most important conducting competition of its kind, which took place for the seventh time in Bamberg in 2023.

CEO

 * 1946–81: Hella Rappoldi
 * 1981–95: Rolf Beck
 * 1996–97: Francis Hunter
 * 1999–2001: Matthias Weigmann
 * 2002–08: Paul Müller
 * 2008–13: Wolfgang Fink
 * 2013–present: Marcus Rudolf Axt

Honorary Conductors

 * 1) Eugen Jochum
 * 2) Horst Stein, 1996
 * 3) Herbert Blomstedt, appointment for life 2006
 * 4) Christoph Eschenbach, 2016
 * 5) Manfred Honeck, 2023

Guest Conductors
Guest conductors who have worked with the Bamberg Symphony to date include (in alphabetical order)

 * Semyon Bychkow
 * Riccardo Chailly
 * Sergiu Celibidache
 * Christoph von Dohnányi
 * Gustavo Dudamel
 * Christoph Eschenbach
 * Ádám Fischer
 * Iván Fischer
 * Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos
 * Alan Gilbert
 * Daniel Harding
 * Paul Hindemith
 * Heinrich Hollreiser
 * Manfred Honeck
 * Marek Janowski
 * Mariss Jansons
 * Paavo Järvi
 * Rudolf Kempe
 * Aram Khatchaturian
 * Hans Knappertsbusch
 * Clemens Krauss
 * Ferdinand Leitner
 * Witold Lutosławski
 * Ingo Metzmacher
 * Kent Nagano
 * Andris Nelsons
 * Václav Neumann
 * Roger Norrington
 * Antonio Pappano
 * Krzysztof Penderecki
 * Mstislav Rostropovich
 * Witold Rowicki
 * Kurt Sanderling
 * Wolfgang Sawallisch
 * Lahav Shani
 * Giuseppe Sinopoli
 * Sir Georg Solti
 * Günter Wand
 * David Zinman

From 1995 to 1999, Ingo Metzmacher was Principal Guest Conductor of the Bamberg Symphony. Since 2005, the orchestra has enjoyed a close artistic collaboration with the British conductor Robin Ticciati. He held the position of Principal Guest Conductor from 2010 to 2013.

Concert tours from the beginnings until today
Since its beginnings, the Bamberg Symphony has been recognised as one of the most well-travelled orchestras from Germany. They were the first to accompany official state delegations abroad after the Second World War and were the first German orchestra to visit France at that time.

With the exception of Australia, the orchestra has travelled to every continent in its history. Since its foundation, it has played more than 7,500 concerts in 64 countries and over 500 cities around the world. The „Bambergers“ have performed 1,200 concerts abroad alone. The Bamberg Symphony currently consists of musicians from around 25 nations (as of November 2023).

The COVID-19 years
It was not until the COVID-19 pandemic that the orchestra experienced its first serious travel break from 2020 to 2022. Numerous planned projects and trips had to be postponed or even cancelled. Replacement concerts took place via live streaming on television with medici.tv, on the radio and online. With their first purely digital premiere „Reflections of hope – A symphonic answer to the Corona pandemic“ by Eduard Resatsch, the Bamberg Symphony made a musical statement during the pandemic in May 2020.

Playing music together was also influenced by the changing hygiene regulations and distancing rules, with the Bamberg Symphony following its own approach: an airflow measurement, in which external experts examined which airflows escape from the instruments when playing, contributed to the orchestra musicians being able to play CD recordings together at a distance of 1.05 metres from each other and, with the introduction of pandemic relaxations, being allowed to join the audience in the orchestra's concert halls again. The practical test with wind instruments conducted by the Bamberg Symphony in 2020 led the participating experts to determine that wind instruments do not contribute to air and therefore aerosol circulation in the orchestra body to the extent that was originally hypothesised. The Bamberg practical study became the impetus for other institutions, such as the US National Association for Music Education (NAfME), to undertake further studies in this field and contributed to the facilitation and normalisation of playing and performance practice.

Funding
In 2004, the Bamberg Symphony was appointed Bavarian State Philharmonic Orchestra by a new state law, which was approved by all parliamentary factions of the Bavarian State Parliament. The Foundation Bamberg Symphony – Bavarian State Philharmonic is funded by grants from the Free State of Bavaria, the City of Bamberg, the District of Upper Franconia and the District of Bamberg.

The orchestra also receives support from the „Friends of the Bamberg Symphony“ (German: „Freunde der Bamberger Symphoniker e. V.“), the Bamberg Symphony Endowment Foundation as well as various patrons and sponsors.

Conducting Competition: The Mahler Competition
Since 2004, the Bamberg Symphony Orchestra has organised „The Mahler Competition“ at the Bamberg Concert Hall once every three years. The conducting competition, committed to the artistic credo and personality of its namesake Gustav Mahler, immediately established itself at the forefront of comparable competitions. The seventh edition took place in July 2023.

The winners today include renowned conductors such as Gustavo Dudamel, Shi-Yeon Sung, Ainārs Rubiķis, Lahav Shani, Kahchun Wong, Finnegan Downie Dear and, most recently in 2023, Giuseppe Mengoli.

World premieres

 * Friedrich Cerha: Bagatelle (2016, conductor: Jonathan Nott)
 * Chaya Czernowin: Once I blinked nothing was the same / a large scale miniature (2015, conductor: Jonathan Nott)
 * Gottfried von Einem: Nachtstück (op. 29, 1962, conductor: Joseph Keilberth)
 * Georg Friedrich Haas: Zugabe (2016, conductor: Kah Chun Wong)
 * Toshio Hosokawa: Umarmung. Licht und Schatten (2016, conductor: Jakub Hrůša)
 * Bruno Mantovani: Mit Ausdruck (2003, conductor: Jonathan Nott); Time stretch (on Gesualdo) (2006, conductor: Jonathan Nott)
 * Thomas Daniel Schlee: Bis (2017, conductor: Manfred Honeck)
 * Mauricio Sotelo: Bruckner Nachklang (2014, conductor: Jonathan Nott)
 * Erkki-Sven Tüür: Tormiloits (Incantation of Tempest) (2015, conductor: Jakub Hrůša)
 * Mark-Anthony Turnage: Juno and The Torino Scale (from: Asteroids for Orchestra) (2007, conductor: Jonathan Nott)
 * Jörg Widmann: Lichtstudie I (2001, conductor: Christoph Poppen), Lied für Orchester (2003, conductor: Jonathan Nott), Das heiße Herz und Bamberger Marsch (2018, conductor: Jakub Hrůša)
 * Eduard Resatsch: Reflections of Hope (2020 – first digital world premiere by the Bamberg Symphony)

Discography (selection)
The Bamberg Symphony Orchestra and the Bayerische Rundfunk have maintained a close media partnership since 1950, resulting in more than 2,500 works recorded for radio and a discography that have built up over the decades. The orchestra also has a close relationship with Deutsche Grammophon and Accentus Music, which has resulted in numerous releases, some of them award-winning.

One major artistic project that the Bamberg Symphony produced under Jonathan Nott over a period of almost ten years is the recording of all of Gustav Mahler’s completed symphonies. Some of these recordings have been highly praised by the international press and received prestigious awards.

In 2023, the Bamberg Symphony completed its highly acclaimed Brahms-Dvořák cycle with Jakub Hrůša.

The following discography only includes a selection of the releases:

 * Johannes Brahms: Symphony No. 4, Antonín Dvořák: Symphony No. 9 „From the New World“. Brahms-Dvořák-Cycle with Jakub Hrůša: Vol. 1. 2 CD release, Tudor 1744 SACD Hybrid
 * Johannes Brahms: Symphony No. 3, Antonín Dvořák: Symphony No. 8. Brahms-Dvořák-Cycle with Jakub Hrůša: Vol. 2. 2 CD release, Tudor 1743 SACD Hybrid
 * Johannes Brahms: Symphony No. 2, Antonín Dvořák: Symphony Nr. 7. Brahms-Dvořák-Cycle with Jakub Hrůša: Vol. 3. Tudor 1742 SACD Hybrid
 * Johannes Brahms: Symphony Nr. 1 and 8 Hungarian Dances, Antonín Dvořák: Symphony No. 6. Brahms-Dvořák-Cycle with Jakub Hrůša: Vol. 4. Tudor 1741 SACD Hybrid
 * Anton Bruckner: Symphony No. 3 (Wagner Symphony, first version from 1873). Conductor: Jonathan Nott. Tudor CD 7133 SACD Hybrid
 * Anton Bruckner: Symphony No. 4 (Romantic, version from 1878/1880). Conductor: Horst Stein. CD Eurodisc/BMG Ariola 257 873
 * Anton Bruckner: Symphony No. 4 (3 versions + alternative movements and fragments). Conductor: Jakub Hrůša. Accentus Music ACC30533 (4 CDs)
 * Anton Bruckner: Symphony No. 8 (version from 1890). Live recording from the NHK Hall Tokyo on 15 September 1982. Conductor: Eugen Jochum. CD Altus ALT 022/023 (2 CDs) and DVD Altus ALTDVD001
 * Antonin Dvořák: Symphony No. 9. Conductor: Jakub Hrůša. Direct-to-Disc-Recording (limited edition, 1893 records), Accentus Music (3 LPs)
 * Karl Amadeus Hartmann: Symphony No. 1 (Versuch eines Requiems), Bohuslav Martinů: Mahnmal für Lidice, Luigi Nono: Canti di vita e' d'amore, Arnold Schönberg: Ein Überlebender aus Warschau. Conductor: Ingo Metzmacher. EMI 5 55424 2
 * Karl Amadeus Hartmann: Adagio (Symphony No. 2) and Symphony concertante (Symphonie Nr. 5), Igor Strawinsky: Symphony in three movements. Conductor: Ingo Metzmacher. EMI 5 56184 2
 * Karl Amadeus Hartmann: Symphony No. 3, Charles Ives: Robert Browning Overture. Conductor: Ingo Metzmacher. EMI 5 55254 2
 * Karl Amadeus Hartmann: Symphony No. 4, Olivier Messiaen: Et exspecto resurrectionem mortuorum. Conductor: Ingo Metzmacher. EMI 7 54916 2
 * Karl Amadeus Hartmann: Symphony No. 6, Anton Webern: Sechs Stücke für Orchester op. 6 (Fassung von 1928), Alban Berg: Drei Orchesterstücke op. 6. Conductor: Ingo Metzmacher. EMI 5 55612 2
 * Karl Amadeus Hartmann: Symphonyn No. 7 und No. 8. Conductor: Ingo Metzmacher. EMI 5 56427 2
 * Karl Amadeus Hartmann: Miserae und Gesangsszene, Luigi Dallapiccola: Canti di liberazione. Conductor: Ingo Metzmacher. EMI 56468 2
 * Leoš Janáček: Sinfonietta, Taras Bulba and Suite from The Cunning Little Vixen. Conductor: Jonathan Nott. Tudor CD 7135 SACD Hybrid
 * Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 1 (Der Titan). Conductor: Jonathan Nott. Tudor CD 7147 SACD Hybrid
 * Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 2 (Resurrection Symphony). Conductor: Jonathan Nott, Soprano: Anne Schwanewilms, Alto: Lioba Braun, Chorus of the Bamberg Symphony. Tudor CD 7158 SACD Hybrid (2 CDs)
 * Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 3. Conductor: Jonathan Nott, Mezzo Soprano: Mihoko Fujimura. Tudor CD 7170 SACD Hybrid (2 CDs)
 * Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 4. Conductor: Jonathan Nott, Soprano: Mojca Erdmann. Tudor CD 7151 SACD Hybrid
 * Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 4. Conductor: Jakub Hrůša, Soprano: Anna Lucia Richter. Accentus Music ACC30532
 * Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 5. Conductor: Jonathan Nott. Tudor CD 7126 SACD Hybrid
 * Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 6 (Tragic). Conductor: Jonathan Nott. Tudor CD 7191 SACD Hybrid
 * Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 7. Conductor: Jonathan Nott. Tudor CD 7176 SACD Hybrid
 * Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 8 (Symphony oft he Thousand). Conductor: Jonathan Nott, Soloists: Janina Baechle, Lioba Braun, Michaela Kaune, Marisol Montalvo, Manuela Uhl, Albert Dohmen, Michael Nagy, Stefan Vinke, Chorus of the Bamberg Symphony, Czech Philharmonic Chorus, Windsbacher Boys Choir. Tudor CD 7192 SACD Hybrid
 * Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 9. Conductor: Jonathan Nott. Tudor CD 7162 SACD Hybrid (2 CDs)
 * Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 9. Conductor: Herbert Blomstedt. Accentus Music 9154444 (2 CDs)
 * Gustav Mahler: The 9 Symphonies. Conductor: Jonathan Nott. Tudor 1670
 * Bohuslav Martinů. Complete Symphonies. Conductor: Neeme Järvi. Brilliant Classics (Edel) (3 CDs)
 * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Piano Concertos Vol. 1–10. Conductor: Frank Beermann, Piano: Matthias Kirschnereit. ARTE NOVA CLASSICS 82876 82576 2
 * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Symphonies No. 33 und No. 36 (Linzer). Conductor: Eugen Jochum. Eurodisc 610 278-231
 * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Symphonies No. 39 und No. 40. Conductor: Eugen Jochum. Orfeo C 045 901 A
 * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Symphony No. 41 (Jupiter) and Maurerische Trauermusik. Conductor: Eugen Jochum. Orfeo C 045 902 A
 * Joseph Joachim Raff: Symphonies No. 1–11, 4 Suites for orchestra, 4 Ouvertures: Benedetto Marcello, Dame Kobold, Die Parole, Concert Ouverture, Chaconne, Rhapsodie: Abends. Conductor: Hans Stadlmair. Tudor CD 1600 9 CD-Box
 * Max Reger: Eine Ballett-Suite op. 130; Variations and Fugue on a theme by Mozart op. 132 for orchestra. Conductor: Joseph Keilberth. Warner<PHONE_NUMBER>824
 * Max Reger: Orchestral Edition. Symphonic Choral Works. Orchestral Songs. Conductor: Horst Stein. Deutsche Grammophon 479 9983 (12 CDs)
 * Hans Rott: Symphonie No. 1, Gustav Mahler: Blumine, Anton Bruckner: Symphonic Prelude, Conductor: Jakub Hrůša. Deutsche Grammophon 143056
 * Camille Saint-Saëns: Suite for Cello and Orchestra op. 16, Romance op. 36; Antonín Dvořák: Concerto for Cello and orchestra B minor op. 104. Conductor: Sebastian Tewinkel, Cello: Maximilian Hornung. Sony<PHONE_NUMBER>2
 * Franz Schubert: Symphonies No. 1–8, Dialog, Epilog. Conductor: Jonathan Nott. Tudor CD 1610 SACD, 6 CD-Box Limited Edition
 * Franz Schubert: The 8 Symphonies. Conductor: Jonathan Nott. Tudor CD 1660 SACD Hybrid 4 CD-Box
 * Robert Schumann: Symphonies Nr. 1–4. Conductor: Christoph Eschenbach. Virgin Classics 7243 5 61884 2 6
 * Bedřich Smetana: Die verkaufte Braut. Conductor: Rudolf Kempe. With Fritz Wunderlich u. a. EMI 3818722
 * Bedřich Smetana: Má Vlast. Conductor: Jakub Hrůša. Tudor CD 7196 SACD Hybrid
 * Bedřich Smetana: Má Vlast, Conductor: Jakub Hrůša, Direct-To-Disc Recording, Limited Edition, Accentus Music
 * Hans Sommer: Sapphos Gesänge op. 6, Orchestra songs (Dahn/Goethe). Conductor: Sebastian Weigle, Mezzo Soprano: Elisabeth Kulman, Baritone: Bo Skovhus, Tudor CD 7178 SACD Hybrid.
 * Richard Strauss: Till Eulenspiegels lustige Streiche, Waltz Sequences from Der Rosenkavalier, Don Juan. Conductor: Eugen Jochum. BMG 74321 21287 2
 * Igor Strawinsky: Le sacre du Printemps, Symphony in three movements. Conductor: Jonathan Nott. Tudor CD 7145 SACD Hybrid
 * Charles-Marie Widor: Symphony No. 3 op. 69 for Organ and Orcheestra, Symphonie VII for Orgel solo op. 42 Nr. 3. Conductor: Stefan Solyom, Orgel: Christian Schmitt. cpo 777 678-2
 * Bohemia lies within ourselves. Why the sound of the Bamberg Symphony touches people. An audio book with the voices of Nora Gomringer, Jens Harzer and Meike Rötzer. Accentus Music ACC30534 (4 CDs)

Recent awards

 * 2013: ECHO Klassik in the category Concert Recording of the Year (Music of the 19. century) for the recording of the Widor Organ Symphonies opp. 42,3 and 69.
 * 2014: Up-and-comer of the year, Cicero
 * 2018: Best concert programme 2017/18, Deutscher Musikverleger-Verband
 * 2019: Audience of the year, concerti
 * 2020: Bavarian State Prize for Music and Professional Music-Making
 * 2020: Year Award of the Deutsche Schallplattenkritik for Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 9. Conductor: Herbert Blomstedt (Accentus Music).
 * 2022: International Classical Music Award (ICMA) in the category Symphonic Music for Bruckner 4 – The 3 Versions. Conductor: Jakub Hrůša (Accentus Music).
 * 2023: International Classical Music Award (ICMA) in the category Symphonic Music for Hans Rott: Symphony No. 1, Mahler: Blumine, Bruckner: Symphonic Prelude. Conductor: Jakub Hrůša (Deutsche Grammophon).

Positioning and reception
The Bamberg Symphony is the only orchestra with a worldwide standing that is not based in a major city and has earned a reputation as a touring orchestra thanks to its constant travelling. The orchestra has cemented its reputation since 1946 with its characteristically dark, round and radiant sound. With about 7,500 concerts in more than 500 cities and 64 countries around the world (as of 06/2024), the Bamberg Symphony acts as „Bavaria's cultural ambassador“ throughout the world. „Resonating worldwide“ is also the orchestra's slogan.

In 2004, they were awarded the title of state orchestra. In January 2009, the German Focus magazine listed the Bamberg Symphony Orchestra in 6th place among the ten leading symphony orchestras in Germany. In January 2014, Cicero magazine named the symphony orchestra one of the „Rising Stars of the Year“. In 2018, the orchestra was awarded the prize for the „Best Concert Programme“ of the 2017/2018 season by the German Music Publishers Association (DMV). In 2023, the orchestra won the International Classical Music Awards in the category of Symphonic Music. The orchestra is regarded as one of the best Mahler orchestras in the world and a world-class orchestra.

Literature

 * Klaus Karger: Im Himmel wird nicht geknarzt, Köstlichkeiten aus dem Leben der Bamberger Symphoniker. Genniges Verlag, Roth 2013, ISBN 978-3-924983-47-5.
 * Thomas Keilberth: Joseph Keilberth. Ein Conductorenleben im XX. Jahrhundert. Apollon-Musikoffizin Austria, Vienna 2007.
 * Zdenek Nemec: Weberova prazská léta. Z kroniky prazké opery. Praha: Mazác, 1944.
 * Holger Noltze (Hg.), Andreas Herzau, Jiatong Wu: Bamberg Diary #1 - #3. Nimbus. Kunst und Bücher AG Verlag, Wädenswil am Zürichsee, 2020, 2021, 2023.
 * Wolfgang Pfister: Die Bamberger Symphoniker. 50 Jahre Orchesterkultur in Bamberg. Verlag Fränkischer Tag, Bamberg 1996.
 * Ulrich Ruhnke: Im diplomatischen Dienst. Die Bamberger Symphoniker auf Erfolgskurs. In: Das Orchester 4, April 2008, S. 30–34.
 * Christian Schmölder, Peter Gartiser, Susanne Krabusch: Bamberger Symphoniker. Chronik eines Orchesters 1946–1993. Verlag Fränkischer Tag, Bamberg 1993.
 * Pamela Tancsik: Die Prager Oper heißt Zemlinsky. Theatergeschichte des Neuen Deutschen Theaters Prag in der Ära Zemlinsky 1911–1927. Böhlau Verlag, Wien 2000.
 * Festschrift Bamberger Symphoniker 1946–1996. Published by the Bamberger Symphoniker. Bamberg 1996.
 * Horst Stein zum 80. Geburtstag. Special publication of the Bamberg Symphony – Bavarian State Philharmonic. Bamberg 2008.

title: Bamberg Symphony


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Talk:Holy Empire of Reunion

It was a completely different page, that had no references, no outside sources and no wikipedia appropriate format. This is irrelevant information. Réunion is Notable and is cited in TWENTY secondary sources. --Claudre (talk) 14:31, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

Besides the references noted here there are also 20 more that can be found here scanned directly from the original soruces (include La Liberation, La Repubblica, O GLOBO, TA NEA, Folha de S. Paulo, Estado de S. Paulo, Le Quotidien, etc) http://imagens.micronacao.com.br/index.php?/category/2 --Claudre (talk) 14:42, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Twenty? There's a grand total of three on the article. Being the founder of a micronation that you write about raises WP:COI concerns. Brendon the Wizard  ✉ ✨ 19:44, 27 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Is it a "serious" micronation such as Liberland/Sealand or only a try by students ? --Bouzinac (talk) 16:06, 6 December 2018 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Holy Empire of Reunion


text:
User:Sandstein/AfD closing

This page explains how I go about closing AfD discussions that are too complicated to determine a consensus from at first glance.

Basis
What follows is how I apply the following guidance for administrators closing deletion discussions:
 * Deletion policy: "These processes are not decided through a head count, so participants are encouraged to explain their opinion and refer to policy. The discussion lasts at least seven full days; afterwards, pages are deleted by an administrator if there is consensus to do so."
 * Deletion process: "Consensus is formed through the careful consideration, dissection and eventual synthesis of each side's arguments, and should not be calculated solely by the balance of votes. Outcomes should reflect the rough consensus reached in the deletion discussion and community consensus on a wider scale. (While consensus can change, consensus among a limited group of editors, at one place and time, cannot override community consensus on a wider scale.)"
 * Deletion guidelines for administrators: "Administrators must use their best judgment, attempting to be as impartial as is possible for a fallible human, to determine when rough consensus has been reached. (...) Consensus is not determined by counting heads, but by looking at strength of argument, and underlying policy (if any). Arguments that contradict policy, are based on opinion rather than fact, or are logically fallacious, are frequently discounted. For instance, if someone finds the entire page to be a copyright violation, a page is always deleted. If an argument for deletion is that the page lacks sources, but an editor adds the missing references, said argument is no longer relevant. (...) Wikipedia policy requires that articles and information comply with core content policies (verifiability, no original research or synthesis, neutral point of view, copyright, and biographies of living persons) as applicable. These policies are not negotiable, and cannot be superseded by any other guidelines or by editors' consensus. A closing admin must determine whether an article violates these content policies. Where it is very unlikely that an article on the topic can exist without breaching policy, policy must be respected above individual opinions. Per "ignore all rules", a local consensus can suspend a guideline in a particular case where suspension is in the encyclopedia's best interests, but this should be no more common in deletion than in any other area."

Step 1: Discard irrelevant opinions
I first identify opinions that are not helpful for determining whether there is consensus about the relevant issues. The relevant issues are whether and how to apply Wikipedia's policies, guidelines, past precedents or usual practices to the question of whether to delete, keep, or otherwise proceed with the article - or whether to make an exception in the interest of the project's goals). Opinions that are unhelpful for that purpose include: Such opinions are not further taken into account.
 * Opinions that make no argument but are just a "vote" to keep or delete, or are limited to "per User:Foo", which amounts to the same thing. AfD is a discussion, not a vote, and all participants are expected to advance arguments of their own.
 * Opinions that plainly contradict core policies (e.g., "delete because it says bad things about our glorious leader" contradicts WP:NPOV).
 * Opinions that contain personal attacks, other misconduct, or allegations of such. AfD is not a dispute resolution forum and arguments about misconduct distract from the discussion's purpose.
 * Opinions that do not address the core arguments that have been advanced for or against deletion at all. For instance, in a debate about notability, this might include a "keep, it's useful" opinion or a "delete, not notable" opinion if other editors have cited several reviews in major newspapers.
 * Opinions that are too difficult to read, understand or find. For instance, I'm not going to search for the one relevant argument in a two-page mostly offtopic wall of text. I normally expect the essential arguments to follow a person's bolded "keep", "delete" or other recommendation.

Step 2: Count heads
Then I count how many remaining opinions there are for each proposed outcome such as delete, keep, redirect or merge. This provides me with a first approximation of the outcome of the discussion.

Step 3: Weigh arguments
Next I identify the principal lines of argument advanced for each outcome, and classify them roughly as follows:
 * Compelling: An argument that a core content policy mandates a certain outcome. For instance, per WP:BLP contentious material about living persons may not be kept unless reliably sourced, and per WP:C content must be released under a free license. If I conclude that one side has a compelling argument, this argument decides the outcome of the discussion.
 * Strong: An argument that is based on a straightforward and well-established application of a relevant policy or guideline - for example, deletion of an article about a historical person because no reliable sources exist to support their existence, or keeping an article about a politician who is a member of a national legislature. Such arguments carry particular weight (although it is possible that there are strong arguments for different outcomes).
 * Valid: An argument that is based on an interpretation of a policy, guideline or precedent that is at least defensible, and/or whose application calls for the exercise of editorial judgment. This applies mostly to questions about which experienced editors often disagree in good faith, such as whether sources are numerous, thorough or reliable enough for verifiability or notability. Because an AfD discussion (like other content discussions) is essentially the collective application of editorial judgment in curating Wikipedia, I as closer may not cast a "supervote" to influence this process; accordingly, I do not give such arguments either more or less weight.
 * Weak: This notably includes arguments generally agreed to be weak, insofar as they have not been already discarded, or possibly arguments that are otherwise particularly tenuous. Such arguments are given substantially less weight.

Step 4: Assess consensus
Then I determine whether rough consensus exists for any proposed outcome, taking into account the strength of arguments. As a rough guideline, if all arguments (that I have not discarded altogether) are about equal in weight, I will normally accept a majority of more than two-thirds as establishing rough community consensus for that particular outcome. But if one line of argument is particularly strong and the opposed arguments are particularly weak, I may consider that the strong argument represents community consensus even if it is put forth by as few as one-third of the discussion's participants, or fewer. This is because the prevailing argument is considered strong because it is based on a straightforward application of Wikipedia's policies and guidelines, which themselves are founded on a much broader community consensus than can be expected to emerge from any one AfD discussion.

Step 5: Attempt to reconcile outcomes
If no rough consensus is apparent after step 4, I check whether any of the proposed solutions have something in common for which there is consensus. For example, in a discussion about notability that is split roughly half in favor of deletion and half in favor of merging, both sides agree at least that there should not be a separate article about that topic. This I can implement with a closure to "redirect" the article to the proposed merge target. In this way, the normal editing process can then determine whether any content (and how much) should be merged from the redirected article's history.

If this process results in a rough consensus to do something, then I close the discussion accordingly. If not, the article is kept by default.

title: User:Sandstein/AfD closing


text:
Talk:Dave Berry (musician)

POV tag
This concerns POV tag cleanup. Whenever an POV tag is placed, it is necessary to also post a message in the discussion section stating clearly why it is thought the article does not comply with POV guidelines, and suggestions for how to improve it. This permits discussion and consensus among editors. From WP tag policy: '''Drive-by tagging is strongly discouraged. The editor who adds the tag must address the issues on the talk page, pointing to specific issues that are actionable within the content policies, namely Wikipedia:Neutral point of view, Wikipedia:Verifiability, Wikipedia:No original research and Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons. Simply being of the opinion that a page is not neutral is not sufficient to justify the addition of the tag. Tags should be added as a last resort.''' Better yet, edit the topic yourself with the improvements. This statement is not a judgement of content, it is only a cleanup of frivolously and/or arbitrarily placed tags. No discussion, no tag.Jjdon (talk) 21:03, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Possible copyright problem
This article has been revised as part of a large-scale clean-up project of multiple article copyright infringement. (See the investigation subpage) Earlier text must not be restored, unless it can be verified to be free of infringement. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions must be deleted. Contributors may use sources as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously. Diannaa (talk) 18:30, 3 January 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Dave Berry (musician). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
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Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 03:16, 9 September 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Dave Berry (musician). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Villa/9500/berry.htm

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 08:25, 4 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dave Berry (musician)


text:
Talk:Geostationary orbit/GA1

GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''

Reviewer: Amitchell125 (talk · contribs) 07:41, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

Looks interesting! I'm happy to review the article. Amitchell125 (talk) 07:41, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

Assessment
Sorry for the delay. Now looking in detail at each section, and working my way down the article.. Amitchell125 (talk) 07:13, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * No rush - I nominated this for GA review when I had more time. I should be able to respond as you work down the sections, but it may take a few days in some cases. --Spacepine (talk) 12:35, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

Lead section

 * I would consider removing the link to Earth, as it's a commonly understood word.
 * Link satellite.
 * There should not be a capital letter at the start of Navigation satellites.
 * Copy-edit to Earth's rotation - 'to the Earth's rotation'.
 * Done. Feel free to just change minor gramatical errors like these. --Spacepine (talk) 12:35, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Will do, but if I edit too much I am no longer an independent reviewer (according to some Wikipedians). Amitchell125 (talk) 15:39, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Ah, I understand. Whatever you feel comfortable with --Spacepine (talk) 13:06, 29 September 2019 (UTC)

 * The idea that the orbit is circular is in the lead but not discussed in the main article; geosynchronous equatorial orbit or its abbreviation as an alternative name is also not given in the main article.
 * That the orbit is circular is covered in the Properties section (eccentricity=0 means circular), and I don't think there's anything more to say about the geosync equ / GEO name. --Spacepine (talk) 12:35, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Didn't spot the eccentricity fact (and I have a physics background), so I would suggest that you add a bit there, something like: 'Eccentricity: 0 (i.e., the orbit is circular)'. Regarding the GEO bit, not everything in the lead section has to be present in the main text as well, but imo the alternative name is significant enough to include in the main text (see MOS:LEADNO for where I am coming from). Amitchell125 (talk) 15:39, 28 September 2019
 * I see, spelled it out. GEO edit to come --Spacepine (talk) 07:01, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Consider including the bold alternative terms in the lead section.
 * Clarke Orbit and co have historical significance as names, but little scientific useage so I'd prefer to remove the bolding than place them in the lede. --Spacepine (talk) 12:35, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Amitchell125 (talk) 15:39, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Some of the text in the third paragraph is not represented in the main article.
 * Which part? --Spacepine (talk) 12:35, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * ... but can be pointed permanently at the position in the sky where the satellites are located. - I think it rather strange that one of the main reasons why GEOs are so useful is not spelt out to the reader. Amitchell125 (talk) 15:39, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Spelt it out in text --Spacepine (talk) 07:01, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Page number needed for reference 1 (arianespace).
 * Done --Spacepine (talk) 12:35, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Most of the above list are quite minor points (and some are not essential for GA), but more importantly, the lead section does not summarise the whole article adequately as it contains little of the 'Implementation', 'Retired Satellites' and 'Properties' sections.
 * I've added an extra paragraph. I kept it quite brief, didn't want to get too technical. Let me know your thoughts.--Spacepine (talk) 12:35, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * The lead section does look better now. It may possibly need a bit of tweaking at a later stage, if I see something I should have spotted earlier. Thanks for your prompt work so far, Spacepine. Amitchell125 (talk) 15:39, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

History

 * Amend link to Science fiction in science fiction author.
 * HF radios - link 'HF' to High frequency and replace HF with 'high frequency'.
 * undersea cable - link to Submarine communications cable.
 * Link - rocket; Spin-stabilisation; Arthur C. Clarke; also President John F. Kennedy; 'Balewa' should be Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.
 * Please explain (in the article) the phrase produced a flattened waveform. Is a citation needed here?
 * Link Delta_(rocket_family).
 * To increase the size of some of the very short paragraphs in this section, combine the two paragraphs beginning By 1961… and  They lost…, and also combine the last 3 paragraphs into one.
 * At least one image would be useful for this section, e.g. from c:Category:Syncom_satellites.
 * Add a url to reference 2 (Smith) (Google Books ).
 * The second sentence requires reference 4 (Clarke) as a citation, because of the position of reference 3 in the section.
 * I couldn't find anything about so early communication satellites were placed in a low Earth orbit in ref 8 (Caltech), if I am right, a citation is needed here.
 * It looks like a citation is needed for The first satellite placed in a geostationary orbit was Syncom 3, which was launched by a Delta D rocket in 1963. With its increased bandwidth,… (not in reference 9 (Vartabarian)).
 * US President Kennedy to phone Nigerian PM Balewa - I would include the date this happened, mentioned in the source.
 * As far as I can tell, refs 13 and 14 are specific to two countries only - the article's text is not. Consider keeping the citations, but amending the text, giving the US and Australia as examples.
 * Rearranged and added new references to cover concerns, including some minor rewording. --Spacepine (talk) 12:55, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Sorry, was referring to the whole history section --Spacepine (talk) 01:35, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

Uses

 * The image does not come from a verified source.
 * - sorted that out. Amitchell125 (talk) 12:05, 1 October 2019 (UTC)
 * The 'citation needed' tag needs to be sorted.
 * Sorted --Sp
 * extending 81° - a general reader might needed this to be clarified.
 * Done --Sp
 * and stationary position in the sky, eliminating the need for movable ground - c/e.
 * Done --Sp
 * latency becomes significant — about 250ms - improve the prose by replacing the dash with text.
 * Done --Sp
 * Short paragraphs - combine paragraphs 1, 2 & 3.
 * Link - atmospheric refraction; thermal emission (Thermal radiation); infrared images (Thermographic camera); oceanography; cyclone; meteorological prediction models (Numerical weather prediction; volcanic ash;
 * Done --Sp
 * 0.5 and 4 square kilometres - convert to sq. miles, using 'between 0.5 and 4 km2'.
 * I don't really want to, it's not neccesary in scientific articles (MOS:CONVERSIONS) --Sp
 * Happy with that.
 * Citation(s) needed for the latency paragraph, down to cosine rule formula.
 * Done --Sp
 * These satellites typically captures images in the visual and infrared spectrum with a spatial resolution between 0.5 and 4 square kilometres. - citation needed.
 * Covered in BOM reference --Sp
 * Reference 32 (Nature) could be used to expand why the data from weather satellites is not much used for models. Use/quote reference 33 (WMO) to explain more about the uses of satellites in generating models, e.g. when it says "NOAA feeds data collected from these instruments into NWP models and uses the data to generate dozens of additional products, including measurements of clouds, vegetation, ocean colour, and land and sea surface temperatures". What do you think?
 * Expanded it out a bit --Sp
 * Aren't references 32 and 34 identical in their content? - one can go.
 * Yep --Sp
 * ~5m to ~1m - as not all readers will be familiar with this symbol, it might be better to replace the symbol with 'around' (or something similar).
 * Done --Sp
 * The punctuation in the navigation list does not have a consistent style (personally, I would end each line with a semi-colon).
 * Done --Sp
 * Main article: GNSS augmentation § Satellite-based augmentation system - as the link is only to a section within an article, it would imo make sense to replace this with ''.
 * Done --Spacepine (talk) 12:18, 1 October 2019 (UTC)

Implementation

 * Unlink Earth in the caption; also unlink latitude (as it is already linked further up in the text).
 * Link both apogee and perigee to Apsis.
 * Done--Sp
 * Link longitude, radio frequencies (Radio frequency), inclination change (Orbital inclination change).
 * Done --Sp
 * The requirement to space these satellites apart to avoid harmful radio-frequency interference during operations means that - c/e (using brackets, commas, or dashes), e.g. 'The requirement to space these satellites apart, to avoid harmful radio-frequency interference during operations, means that...'.
 * Done --Sp
 * Remove all 3 subsection titles, so that the section has three paragraphs.
 * I think there are separate concerns for each section, and the statite one is especially removed from the other two. Why do you think launch and orbit allocation should be combined? --Sp
 * Apologies, I meant four paragraphs - nothing should be combined. --Am
 * A statite, a hypothetical satellite that uses a solar sail to modify its orbit, could theoretically hold itself in a geostationary "orbit" with different altitude and/or inclination from the "traditional" equatorial geostationary orbit. I understand what is written, but the prose should be improved to help the sentence make better sense.
 * Ooft, yeah fixed --Sp
 * Reference 41 (EUMETSAT) doesn't specifically refer to 'inclination change', but the article does. Also, why not include some information not in the article that the reference provides, i.e about launching towards the east, the suitability of launching GEOs from Kourou, the stabilisation of its spin rate?
 * Done, didnt include Kourou or spin rate thing because I think that Meteosat specific. A list of geostationary launch sites might have to be a future project. --Sp
 * Reference 42 (Farber et al) - page number required.
 * Done --Sp
 * orbital "slots" - neither source referred to in the article uses this term. I'm not sure why quote marks are used here, or where the word comes from.
 * Looks like it was used in quotation marks in the patent. Removed quotation marks but left the term, it's descriptive. --Sp
 * Fine by me. --Am
 * 'augment' (relating to an augmentation system) is a specific technical term that does not have a Wikipedia link or a definition in Wiki dictionary. Consider placing it in quotes (so linking it to references 35/36), or explaining the term in a separate note
 * In laypersons terms it means "to improve" though, which isn't wrong. --Sp
 * Agreed, and the technical (as opposed to colloquial) meaning of the term is now evident from the 'Further information' line above the text, so everything is fine. --Am
 * Reference 37 (Geoscience Australia) doesn't seem to verify the sentence.
 * It describes it as reaching sevel decimetre (10cm) precision. The 5m is from earlier non augmented position calculations --Sp
 * many thanks
 * The 'Statite proposal' subsection needs to be copy-edited so that it reflects what the patent abstract describes.
 * Ooft, yeah, rewritten --Spacepine (talk) 13:02, 2 October 2019 (UTC)

Retired satellites

 * Not sure why both words in the title are in capitals.
 * No reason. Fixed --Sp
 * (minor point) Resize the image to make it thumb-sized (it's presumably no more important than the others in the article). Consider reducing the amount of text in the caption: 'A computer-generated image of space debris. Two debris fields are shown:  around the space occupied by GEOs, and in low Earth orbit.'
 * Done --Sp
 * orbits are mostly synchronous - is 'synchronous' the right word? Consider keeping the physics simple by replacing the phrase with 'GEOs orbit the Earth at the same speed'.
 * Reworded --Sp
 * An explanation for what causes satellites to move from the correct orbital distance from Earth would be useful, as it would explain properly why thrusters are needed.
 * Explained later in Properties. Reworded a bit --Sp
 * Link transponders with Transponder (satellite communications).
 * Done --Sp
 * and, by stopping N–S station keeping, needs to be copy-edited.
 * Reworded --Sp
 * Link eccentric orbits (Orbital eccentricity), meteoroid.
 * Done --Sp
 * Comma after Earth; remove semi-colon after inoperable.
 * Done --Sp
 * Reference 51a discusses ExoAnalytic Solutions' ability to detect small objects - perhaps their important role should be mentioned.
 * I think that's beyond the scope of this article, might belong in Space Debris --Spacepine (talk) 02:04, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Agreed. --AM125

Properties

 * The listed properties could be in a table as shown below (only a suggestion - your call, table can be modified in any way):

 * I'd like to keep the formatting consistent with Molniya Orbit and it's not really a exhaustive list of all orbital properties (which I think a table implies), just highlighting the ones that are important for identifying/understanding geostationary orbits in the same order that they're explained in subheadings.
 * Happy with that. Amitchell125 (talk) 11:20, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Oh, source to come for those earlier subsections. Should be covered in Space Mission Analysis and Design just have to dig up a page number --Spacepine (talk) 02:10, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Done --Sp
 * Citation needed for first equation (suggestion - this).
 * Done --Sp
 * very close to 35,786 km (22,236 mi) Conversions should say 'miles' here, not 'mi' - '35786 km'. Same thing for 3.07 km/s (1.91 mi/s).
 * Done --Sp
 * To correct for this orbital perturbation... - just 'To correct for this...'?
 * Reworded --Sp
 * There are two stable… - consider amending to 'There are two stable equilibrium points…'.
 * Reworded --Sp
 * Link flattening of the Earth at its poles (Equatorial_bulge).
 * Done --Sp
 * It's a colon after 'small forces on satellites'; also, hyphenate station keeping.
 * Added the colon, why hyphenate? --Sp
 * Hyphenate to improve the prose, also see the link (Orbital station-keeping). --Am
 * Ah yep, done --Spacepine (talk) 10:37, 3 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Remove To calculate the geostationary orbit altitude, one begins with this equivalence - it's self-evident.
 * Replaced with your version --Sp
 * The derivation section lacks citations and may in fact need to be replaced with a more polished version.
 * Replaced. Added extra link to formula for object moving around a circle. Trying to keep it easy to understand at a ~year 10 level --Spacepine (talk) 11:13, 3 October 2019 (UTC)

External links/templates/further reading

 * Template:Orbits is not hidden, and Template:Arthur C. Clarke is - consider hiding both templates.
 * Done --Sp
 * How about adding… ...id=rzw4wOHDpjQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=physics+of+geostationary+orbits&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjp0f_er_jkAhXOVhUIHfIRAv4Q6AEIUjAG#v=onepage&q&f=false this and this to the Further reading section?
 * Done--Spacepine (talk) 10:35, 3 October 2019 (UTC)

Think that's it
I think that's it. Let me know if I missed anything!

The one small thing left was geostationary orbit vs geosynchronous equatorial orbit as an alternative name. They're used interchangeably in references, but I can't find anything discussing that fact (although I haven't looked that hard yet). People have opinions all over the talk page if you want to wade into the mud of it. Even if there is a source discussing the merits of one term over the other (they quite clearly mean the same thing in industry), I'm not sure where it would fit into the article. Any suggestions? --Spacepine (talk) 11:40, 3 October 2019 (UTC)
 * I would cite something heavyweight, such as A Dictionary of Astronomy, page 187, (here), which defines both terms clearly and correctly. I would then add a note in the lead section, mentioning that both terms are used in references when referring to geostationary orbits. Consider using a source like this one, which states "The terms geosynchronous and geostationary are often used interchangeably".
 * Reference 1 would be better placed in the main text, alongside the text it refers to. Many editors avoid including citations in the lead section altogether, or are advised to by others. Amitchell125 (talk) 12:28, 3 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Done! Added a bit on terminology in the History section. Thanks again for all your work --Spacepine (talk) 02:38, 4 October 2019 (UTC)
 * You're welcome, Spacepine. Amitchell125 (talk) 06:34, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

It's close now. I'll do one final check for minor c/e points (if there are any) before passing. Amitchell125 (talk) 13:36, 3 October 2019 (UTC)

GA
Passing now, congratulations and thanks for all your efforts. Amitchell125 (talk) 14:13, 3 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your help! --Spacepine (talk) 21:30, 3 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Geostationary orbit/GA1


text:
Ingrid Romero

Ingrid Romero (born July 10, 1985) is an international fitness model, fitness competitor, and fitness coach. Training & Fitness Magazine called her "one of the most recognized faces in the fitness industry," and "one of the most accomplished female fitness stars ever."

Early life
Ingrid Romero was born and raised in a poor part of Tarragona, Spain and began modeling when she was eleven years old. She has two sisters and a brother who live in Spain: Sara, Marian and Nico. At seventeen, she moved to London, England, with aspirations of being a model, but only worked in a restaurant for a year because her English was not very good. Romero returned to Spain and gained fifty pounds. Shortly thereafter, she moved to Dublin, Ireland where she worked in retail, lost all the weight that she had gained and resumed her modeling career.

After three years in Ireland, Romero moved to Cancun, Mexico—where she worked as a model. She then moved to Los, Angeles, California. While in LA—when she was looking for a personal trainer—she met her future husband, Joe Discuillo, a personal trainer. After seeing her progress in training, she decided to enter fitness competitions.

Fitness & modeling career
In 2010, Romero appeared in her first National Physique Committee fitness competition, in which she took 1st place (and the overall). After her first competition, she went on to win several National Physique Committee fitness competitions. In 2011, Romero won the Arnold Classic (bikini). After winning the Arnold Classic, she earned a WBFF pro-card from Paul Dillett, but quickly left the WBFF and returned to IFBB/NPC because Romero felt that Dillett mislead her with false promises.

During Romero's last show, which she won, she was pregnant with twin boys. Romero had a difficult pregnancy. She was on bed rest for several months in order to carry the babies. With the help of her husband—in seven months—Romero was back in shape.

In 2012, Romero and her husband, Joe Discuillo founded Team Edge, which helps women prepare for bikini competitions. Romero started the team while she was pregnant. The Edge program covers everything from nutrition, to supplementation, to training, to posing and everything in between. Since 2012, Romero makes and sells custom-designed fitness bikinis. After having success with Team Edge, Romero produced a video about shaping and building the buttocks called Edge Booty Extreme.

Ingrid Romero regularly works as a fitness model. Romero has been on many magazine covers including Oxygen Magazine, Glam Today Magazine, Training & Fitness, Olympian's Mind & Body News, and Wheels & Heels Magazine. She has been featured as model in Oxygen Magazine, for Trimmed and Toned, and many other publications. She also writes about fitness.

Personal life
Romero is currently separated from her husband Joe Discuillo. They have twin boys.

title: Ingrid Romero


text:
Template:Catscan Portal/doc

Usage
This template supplies a list of weblinks as part of the CatScan tool and several other useful tools.

Format

Parameters

 * 1
 * Main portal category that is to be searched
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 * Using this a category on Commons, together with its sub-categories, can be searched for changes in the last 7 days. The changes are not sorted by the date of the change but by the date when the file was uploaded, with the most recent at the top. Because the categorisation at Commons is not always hierarchical and does not distinguish between themes and object, this is recommended only for "overarching" portals (where this is not the case it will display a lot of files, whose relationship is not obvious at first glance).

title: Template:Catscan Portal/doc


text:
Mel Chionglo

Carmelo Chionglo (July 16, 1946 – September 21, 2019 ), better known as Mel Chionglo, was a Filipino film director and production designer. He has directed more than 40 films since 1981.

From 1966 to 1976, he worked and studied acting and directing at the New York Academy of Theatrical Arts. Returning to Manila, he worked as production designer. His directorial debut was Regal Films' Playgirl (1981).

He was one of the founding members of the Directors’ Guild of the Philippines Inc. He also served as board member on the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board.

Career
Chionglo began working in the film industry as production designer on such films as Mike de Leon's Itim, Lino Brocka's Mother, Sister, Daughter, and Eddie Romero's Aguila.

He directed Playgirl, his first film, in 1981. It was scripted by Ricardo Lee and starred Gina Alajar.

He also directed Sibak: Midnight Dancers, Burlesk King, Iadya Mo Kami, Lauriana, and Nasaan Ka Nang Kailangan Kita. Burlesk King was screened at the 2000 Berlin International Film Festival.

Filmography

 * Itim (Rites of May) (1976) (production designer)
 * Salawahan (1979) (production designer)
 * Temptation Island (1980) (production designer)
 * Aguila (1980) (art director)
 * Playgirl (1981) (director); starring Gina Alajar
 * Sibak: Midnight Dancers (1994) (director)
 * Lagarista (2000) (director); starring Piolo Pascual
 * Burlesk King (1999) (director)
 * Lucia (1992) (director); written by Lino Brocka; starring Lolita Rodriguez and Gina Alajar
 * Twilight Dancers (2006) (director)

title: Mel Chionglo


text:
1899 Boorowa colonial by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Boorowa on 30 September 1899 because Kenneth Mackay resigned to accept an appointment to the Legislative Council.

Result
Kenneth Mackay resigned to accept an appointment to the Legislative Council.

title: 1899 Boorowa colonial by-election


text:
WinRoll

WinRoll is an open source, free software utility for Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows 7 which allows the user to "roll up" windows into their title bars, in addition to other window management related features. It is compiled in assembly code.

History
WinRoll 1.0 was first released on April 10, 2003. It is unclear if it still maintained by Wil Palma. The most recent version, 2.0, was released on April 7, 2004. Being an open source program, its source code was freely available from the website. The website is now down. Source code is available as a fork on Github.

Features
The purpose of WinRoll is to allow users to have many windows on the screen, while keeping them organized and manageable. The main feature of the program is enabling the user to "roll" windows up into their title bars. It also allows users to minimize programs to the tray, and to adjust the opacity of windows.

title: WinRoll


text:
Leeds Road Fever Hospital

The Leeds Road Fever Hospital in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, was a founded in 1867. In 1962, it was one of the hospitals that were quarantined during an epidemic of smallpox in Bradford.

title: Leeds Road Fever Hospital


text:
Talk:David Hayman

BBC presenter?
Did he present this excellent BBC war at sea program? JRPG (talk) 23:17, 17 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Auto answered! JRPG (talk) 09:03, 18 March 2017 (UTC)

Layout
What happened with the layout of film and TV credits? Very lazy 2A02:C7E:2909:AE00:7C47:7E57:4CA:5A6C (talk) 20:38, 14 December 2023 (UTC) Do feel free to convert it whenever you have some spare hours.James Kevin McMahon (talk) 21:53, 14 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Hayman


text:
User:Jechasteen

Name: Jonathan Chasteen Age: 20 Location: Riverside, CA Occupation: Currently studying Music Education at California Baptist University.

If you are taking my course on the Euphonium through the school of music and you are following my planned courses of study, please plan to set up an email correspondence with me so that I can make sure that you are on the right path. My email is jechasteen (at) gmail (dot) com.

title: User:Jechasteen


text:
Mohawk Girls (TV series)

Mohawk Girls is a comedy-drama series developed by Tracey Deer based on her 2005 documentary Mohawk Girls. The program premiered on OMNI Television and on APTN in the fall of 2014 and entered its fourth season in 2016. It is available for streaming on CBC Gem and it was picked up by Peacock streaming service in 2021.

Deer describes the series as "Sex and the City for the Native set".

Development and production
At age 17, Tracey Deer had met Brittany LeBorgne and Heather White while working as their camp counselor and told them that one day she would create a TV show for them to star in. In 2005 she created a documentary film, Mohawk Girls, which in 2010 she developed into an outline for the television series, and created a pilot.

In 2012 the show was greenlit for development. Kaniehtiio Horn, who played Bailey in the pilot, was replaced by Jennifer Pudavick when the filming of the first seven episodes began in Montreal, under Deer's direction. On February 18, 2014, well before the first season had premiered, six more episodes were approved.

Original release
Mohawk Girls premiered on OMNI Television on November 23, 2014, and on APTN on November 25, 2014. The two seasons aired as a continuous run of 13 episodes beginning in 2014. In May 2015, APTN announced that the series was being renewed for a third season. It was renewed again for a fourth season in August 2016. The creators wrapped up the show in the fifth and final season, which started airing in November 2017.

Plot
The show follows three best friends in their late twenties living in Kahnawake: Bailey, Caitlin and Zoe. The women are joined by newcomer Anna, who is of mixed Mohawk descent.

Season 1
The series begins with Bailey moving into her aunt's house after her uncle runs off with a younger woman. Bailey is in a serious relationship with Thunder, but after she introduces him to her father she learns that they are actually cousins. Bailey begins the search for a new boyfriend but finds the Mohawk men she meets dull.

Meanwhile, Caitlin falls in love with Butterhead, a sleazy lacrosse player who already has two children with two different women. Though she is able to separate him from his partner she struggles to keep his attention when younger women begin flirting with him.

Zoe, a successful lawyer, struggles against parental pressure to uphold her image and be a flawless example for the Mohawk community.

After years spent in New York Anna returns to Kahnawake and finds that the small community is less than welcoming to a free-spirited vlogger.

Season 2
The second season follows the women as their love lives become messier.

Bailey, who finally stands up to her friends and family and brings Jack to meet them, is crushed when Jack breaks up with her after her family threatens him.

Caitlin becomes pregnant with Butterhead's child. While she is initially terrified at the prospect of being a single mother, she finds that Butterhead isn't much better as an involved father when they move into his mother's home.

Zoe fully embraces her fetish side and becomes involved in the bondage scene.

Anna begins dating Thunder after finally standing up to Bailey but faces the disapproval of everyone else inside the community and develops PTSD after being jumped by Vicky.

Season 3
Bailey has an affair with Lollipop's husband but eventually ends it and decides to move back to the reservation to refocus her life. She focuses on finding a Mohawk man once again.

Caitlin has mixed feelings about aborting her child with Butterhead but eventually focuses on self-improvement and leaves Butterhead.

Zoe deals with the consequences of her freakout at Lollipop's wedding by ingratiating herself to her and even getting a boyfriend to prove she can be normal and not uptight.

Anna reunites with Thunder and continues to learn more about Mohawk culture despite being exposed as being only 48% Mohawk.

Season 4
Bailey navigates wedding planning, commitment, and living with Watio. This is hard when she also has growing feelings for her painting instructor, James in Montreal. She also tries to break into a real career, but struggles.

Caitlin loves the respect and encouragement she has from her flourishing relationship with Leon; unfortunately, her family and community are not supportive of her dating a black man.

Zoe begins seeing a psychologist who believes Zoe is dealing with a sex addiction, but Zoe denies this. She decides to run for Chief and get a boyfriend to make up for not showing up to a fundraiser she planned poorly; this does not go as well as she would have liked when she tries to balance her career and personal life with a "Master" in Montreal.

Anna tries to fit in with the community, and does better when she drops out of school and disrespects her white mother in front of the town. This leads to Thunder breaking up with her, and Anna gradually loses more and more as she tries to prove she deserves the name "Fauxhawk" instead of "Hat girl".

Main

 * Jennifer Pudavick as Bailey, a woman in her late-twenties who works at a cigarette factory. She was seriously dating Thunder and considering marrying him before she discovered he was her second cousin. Through Anna, she meets Jack, a Montreal musician who she is attracted to, but struggles against her desire to date him as she only wants to date Mohawk men and dating a white man would mean she would be shunned by the community.
 * Heather White as Caitlin, a hairdresser with self-esteem issues who is in love with Butterhead.
 * Maika Harper as Anna, a young philosophy student at McGill University whose father was Mohawk but whose mother was white. She moves back to Kahnawake in order to stay with her family and reconnect with her culture but is frequently ostracized and has difficulty conforming to the correct behaviour.
 * Brittany LeBorgne as Zoe, a type-A lawyer who is pushed to succeed by her demanding mother. To let off steam she begins a casual sexual relationship with a man she meets online.

Recurring

 * Meegwun Fairbrother as Butterhead, a promiscuous lacrosse player.
 * Rachelle White Wind as Vicky, one of Butterhead's baby mamas and sometimes a bully
 * Kyle Nobess as Thunder, a cop who also works as a Mohawk teacher.
 * Allyson Pratt as Iostha, the local "bad girl" and bully.
 * Glen Gould as Sose, Bailey's father.
 * Dwain Murphy as Leon, a city friend of Anna's
 * Jimmy Blais as Watio, a former construction worker who was on welfare for political reasons but eventually became a cashier
 * Jeffrey Wetsch as James, an artist and painting instructor in Montreal
 * Lawrence Bayne as Caitlin's Dad
 * Leelee Greene as Gossip Girl Anna's cousin

title: Mohawk Girls (TV series)


text:
Nabha House

Nabha House is a palatial building which was used by the royal family of Nabha as residence for the days religious performances were being done at Kurukshetra. It was adopted by Archaeological Survey of India in 2005 and they worked 9 years, spending close to INR 1.5 crore to bring it back to its original form.

Architecture
The entire Nabha House is built on a raised platform. The eastern side of the house has the main entrance gate. The door is made of wood and iron nails are used to decorate it. Both the sides of the gate are well decorated with four Miharab. The gate takes the visitor into a rectangular yard. The second floor of the house also has two pillared windows. At the top of the monuments, a 15 feet temple is built which is dedicated to Lord Brahma.

History
It is believed that Nabha House was built by Maharaja Hira Singh. It was built as residence for kings who would come to Sannhit Sarovar to take bath during solar eclipses. After independence, the Nabha House was used as space for government school and then for an Ayurveda college. Nabha House was also used as classrooms and office space by Kurukshetra University in 1957 to 1959.

title: Nabha House


text:
User:Juxo~enwikibooks

You will most likely find me at http://www.consumerium.org/wiki/wiki.phtml?title=User:Juxo

Wishlist
I'm really looking forward to someone with more expertise doing some Textbooks on the Unix. I think it would be a good idea to do it on a user story-basis. Wherein the structure would be case based so that it assumes you have a simple task to do and how to do it utilizing standard unix commands.

Here I'll be working on the Cookbook 'cause it happens to intersect with Consumerium nicely and besides I like good food :)

title: User:Juxo~enwikibooks


text:
User:Rf.sifat

greenvillagbd.com (Bengali: গ্রীন ভিলেজ ); is a Bangladeshi online grocery and food products provider, founded in 2015. It sells fresh fruits and vegetables, dairy and groceries items via its website and mobile apps. It is currently serving all of Dhaka City, except certain parts of Old Town.[2][3]

Green Village is a Bengali word meaning (A Green country).Rf.sifat (talk) 19:25, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

Contents 1	History 2	Operations and service 3	Warehouses 4	References

History Green Village was founded by Rubaiyat Ferdous (Founder and Director), Tanzila Choudhury (CEO), and A B M Ebrahim (Event Manager).

Operations and service Green Village has a website and facebook page where users can order products.[3]

Warehouses To ensure batter delivery services, Green Village maintains 2 different micro warehouses across Dhaka city. They have warehouses in Uttara, Panthapath and Naogaon. All the products are stocked in those warehouses. The representatives prepare and maintain the stocks for delivery.

References

Official website greenvillagbd on Facebook, twitter, Instagram, linkedin

title: User:Rf.sifat


text:
Chandrasena (1935 film)

Chandrasena is a 1935 Hindi/Marathi mythology drama film directed by V. Shantaram for his Prabhat Film Company. The film was the first Indian trilingual film to be made simultaneously in Hindi, Marathi. The cinematographer was K. Dhiaber and the story and dialogue were by Shivram Vashikar. The music direction was by Keshavrao Bhole, with lyrics written by K. Narayan Kale. The cast included Nalini Tarkhud, Sureshbabu Mane, Kelkar, Rajani, Shantabai and Azurie.

The film was a remake of the Shantaram and Dhaiber-directed Marathi film Chandrasena of 1931. The story revolves around an episode in the Ramayana, where Chandrasena, wife of Ahiravan, (Mahiravan's (brother), helps Hanuman defeat Mahiravana's army, and in the process free Rama and Lakshmana from Pataal.

Plot
Indrajit, Son of Ravana, has Rama and Lakshmana kidnapped by Ahiravan and Mahiravana. Mahi hides them away in Pataal. Hanuman, the monkey-god, goes to their help. He is stopped by Makardhwaja, whom he defeats. Makar takes him to Chandrasena, wife of Mahi, who worships Rama and desires to spend her life with him. With her help, Hanuman manages to defeat the entire army of Mahi and ultimately Mahi himself when he continues to multiply into a vast army. Chandrasena tells Hanuman the secret of destroying Mahi, because of which he is able to release Rama and Lakshmana from Pataal.

Cast

 * Nalini Tarkhad as Chandrasena
 * Rajni
 * Sureshbabu Mane as Ram
 * Kulkarni as Lakshman
 * Mane Pahelwan
 * Kelkar as Mahiravan
 * Manajirao as Hanuman
 * Buwasaheb
 * Shantabai
 * Azurie

Production
The film is cited to be the first to make use of the trolley. It made excessive use of special effects, especially showing flying figures, magic arrows and a gigantic Hanuman.

Remakes
Several remakes of the episode from the Ramayana involving the episode of Chandrasena have been produced. This 1935 version itself was made both in Hindi, Marathi. The Prabhat Film Company had made the early version Chandrasena in 1931. Homi Wadia made Chandrasena (1959) under his Basant Pictures banner, which was directed by Babubhai Mistry.

Soundtrack
The music composer for the film was Keshavrao Bhole, with lyrics written by K. Narayan Kale. The singers were Rajni, Nalini Tarkhud, Sureshbabu Mane and Buwa Saheb.

title: Chandrasena (1935 film)


text:
Talk:lubberly

Is this an adverb? I thought it was an adjective. Kappa 06:47, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Seems it can be both, although the adjective is much more common. Interestingly, although the general clumsy/stupid sense is quite old, the earliest cites for the "landlubberly" sense I found were in the early 1800s.  The Napoleonic Wars must have seen record numbers of landlubbers pressed into naval service.... Could there be a connection?  -- Visviva 15:31, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:lubberly


text:
User:Will Johnson

Uniting America one person at a time.
Will Johson started a movement call Unite America First because of how many wanted to neglect the needs and issues in America & focus on the needs of other country's. Keeping America united should be the first agenda for all Americans.

title: User:Will Johnson


text:
Wikiversity:Example

Welcome to Wikiversity!

Universitas magistrorum et scholarium—a community of teaching and learning—is the basic definition of a university in Latin. Wikiversity is the viciversitas magistrorum et scholarium—a wiki-based community of teaching and learning.

Wikiversity is not a degree-granting institution. It does not have professors or staff or registered students. There are just people here

in many different subjects.

Wikiversity is a communal effort to learn and facilitate others' learning. You can use Wikiversity to find information or ask questions about a subject you need to find out more about. You can also use it to share your knowledge about a subject, and to build learning materials around that knowledge. See below for ideas on how you can help out yourself, or to help us help you.

Some open tasks

 * Requested features - plans for new Wikiversity features
 * plans for new learning projects - existing projects
 * Help desk - ask for that nugget of information you need, or answer it for someone else
 * Browse - browse the subject catalogue within Wikiversity
 * MetaData - check out the meta data catalogue for some heavy-duty searching
 * Portal:Learning Projects - browse active learning communities in Wikiversity
 * Learning materials projects - start adding learning materials yourself!

title: Wikiversity:Example


text:
Cycas chenii

Cycas chenii is a species of cycad endemic to the Red River valley of Yunnan, southern China. It is found in Honghe County and Shuangbai County, Yunnan. It is most closely related to Cycas guizhouensis.

Distribution
Cycas chenii has been recorded in the following townships (Zhou, et al. 2015).

 * Dutian (独田乡), Shuangbai County (type locality)
 * Lianhua (莲花), Honghe County
 * Menglong (勐龙河), Honghe County
 * Qingshuihe (清水河), Shuangbai County

title: Cycas chenii


text:
Serge Sandberg

Serge Sandberg (1879–1981) was a French film producer. Born in Kaunas, then part of the Russian Empire, he emigrated to France in 1900 and initially found work with Pathe. He later went into production for himself, working for Eclair. In 1921 he and his business partner Louis Nalpas established their own Victorine Studios in Nice. In the 1930s he produced several of the hit comedies directed by and starring Sacha Guitry.

He was also involved in the re-establishment of the Pasdeloup Orchestra after the First World War.

His granddaughter Francine Sandberg is a film editor and his grandson Marc is a film historian.

Selected filmography

 * Mathias Sandorf (1921)
 * A Foolish Maiden (1929)
 * Napoleon at Saint Helena (1929)
 * Confessions of a Cheat (1936)
 * Let's Make a Dream (1936)
 * The New Testament (1936)
 * My Father Was Right (1936)
 * The Pearls of the Crown (1937)
 * Désiré (1937)

title: Serge Sandberg


text:
Wordie Bay (Greenland)

Wordie Bay (Wordie Bugt) is a bay in eastern Greenland. Administratively it is part of the Northeast Greenland National Park zone.

History
The bay appeared as "Wordiebukta" on the 1932 Norwegian Svalbard and Arctic Ocean Survey Norges Svalbard og Ishavsundersøkelser (NSIU) map. Like the glacier at its head, it was named after Scottish polar explorer James Wordie (1889–1962).

Geography
Wordie Bay is a section of fjord at the head of the Godthab Gulf. It is located at the terminus of the Wordie Glacier, between Stromtangen and Cape Ruth. There are several nunataks rising above the shore. Cape Ruth is at the southeastern end of Jordanhill, a conspicuous 1410 m high promontory rising by the shore of the bay on the northern side. The bay has a width of about 3 km at the head, widening to almost 5 km south of Cape Ruth.

Besides the great Wordie Glacier in the west, A. Schmidt Glacier, Nippoldt Glacier and Haussman Glacier are small glaciers flowing north into Wordie Bay from the Norlund Alps. Hudson Land lies to the south and further to the west is Steno Land.

title: Wordie Bay (Greenland)


text:
Talk:Yıldız Çağrı Atiksoy

Height
1.79m 2405:201:5504:3076:C1F8:81DB:BC31:787E (talk) 13:47, 22 December 2022 (UTC)

No need of adding fictional word when it is alread redirected to fictional character malhun hatun page
No need of adding additional words Like fictional as the page is already redirected to fictional malhun hatun page Bluesapphire1999 (talk) 12:50, 18 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yıldız Çağrı Atiksoy


text:
noviny

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) newspaper publication

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) newspaper publication

title: noviny


text:
EOS memory

EOS memory (for ECC on SIMMs) is an error-correcting memory system built into SIMMs, used to upgrade server-class computers without built-in ECC memory support. The EOS SIMM itself does the error checking, with reduced need for ECC memory modules and support. The technology was introduced by IBM in the mid-1990s.

title: EOS memory


text:
Cookbook:Goulash

Goulash (Gulyás in Hungarian, meaning cattle stockmen) is a dish from the Hungarian cuisine. Here is one very simple Goulash stew recipe, being pretty close to the idealised version. Make sure to use sweet paprika and not hot paprika. Hot paprika will make the soup too spicy and of the wrong consistency when used exclusively.

Goulash, as the term is commonly used, is a slowly-braised ragout that can be prepared in innumerable varieties with pork, beef, lamb, veal and even horse meat. Onions, garlic and paprika are further important ingredients. Paprika is the spice that adds specific taste and colour to the dish. Frequent reheating is said to improve the taste of goulash. Originally, goulash was a shepherd's stew of the Magyars, a people living in Eastern Europe, mainly in the Pannonian plains of Hungary. From there, it started its triumphal march into the world. In Hungary, the term "goulash" is used for soups containing solid ingredients such as noodles, vegetables, or meat cubes. What the rest of the world calls "goulash", in Hungary is called "paprikas" or "pörkölt".

Ingredients

 * Olive oil
 * 3 onions, chopped
 * 1.5 lb (750 g) stew beef, cubed
 * 2 bell peppers, chopped
 * 1 tomato, chopped
 * 2 tbsp ground sweet paprika
 * 5 black peppercorns
 * 1 bay leaf
 * 6 cloves garlic
 * Salt to taste
 * 4 potatoes, chopped

Procedure

 * 1) Fry half of the onions in a pot with olive oil.
 * 2) Put a layer of meat over the fried onions, then a layer of raw onions, peppers, tomato, whole garlic cloves, spices, and salt. Add another meat layer; continue until you have used all the ingredients except the potato.
 * 3) Cover the meat with water. Put on a lid, and simmer on low heat. Add water only if there is not enough while cooking. It requires almost no stirring.
 * 4) When the meat is cooked and tender, add potatoes. Add additional water to cover it if needed, and cook for further 15 minutes until the potatoes are tender.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * The colour could be even nicer if you add more paprika in the last 10 minutes.
 * You can add ½ pound lean cubed pork after 20 minutes.
 * If you're not afraid of fats, add some bacon to the dish.
 * A pinch of caraway (seeds or ground) is often added.

title: Cookbook:Goulash


text:
Talk:Pete Runnels

Father of Dusty
I believe if I'm correct that Pete Runnels is Virgil Runnels (Dusty Rhodes the wrestler) father, if I can find sources and if any of you find sources before me this should be included somewhere don't you think?

NOT Father of Dusty
I attended church with Pete in Pasadena for 11 years prior to his passing. His two sons were Mark and Steve, both exceptional ball players, but not wrestlers. Mark died in a car wreck I believe in 1991 or 1992. Steve went to work in the mortgage and banking industry after playing triple A ball. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:27, 28 August 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Pete Runnels. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20040629134145/http://www.baseballlibrary.com/baseballlibrary/ballplayers/R/Runnels_Pete.stm to http://www.baseballlibrary.com/baseballlibrary/ballplayers/R/Runnels_Pete.stm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20041109092638/http://www.thebaseballpage.com/past/pp/runnelspete/ to http://www.thebaseballpage.com/past/pp/runnelspete/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:47, 21 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pete Runnels


text:
List of newspapers in the Gambia

This is a list of newspapers currently published in The Gambia.

Daily

 * The Daily Observer
 * The Point

Biweekly

 * Foroyaa

News websites

 * Freedom Newspaper – online
 * The Standard – online
 * The Daily News – online

title: List of newspapers in the Gambia


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/bestdentalguide.com

Links

 * bestdentalguide.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 9 additions.


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/The Archaeology of Ritual and Magic/archive1

 * The following is an archived discussion of a featured article nomination. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the article's talk page or in Wikipedia talk:Featured article candidates. No further edits should be made to this page.

The article was not promoted by GrahamColm 14:06, 25 August 2012.

The Archaeology of Ritual and Magic

 * Nominator(s): Midnightblueowl (talk) 14:12, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

I am nominating this for featured article status because it has already gone through both peer review and a successful GA review, and I am now confident that it fits all of the FA criteria. Midnightblueowl (talk) 14:12, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Comment: I had to unlink UK and English in the infobox. ... Tony   (talk)  09:28, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Image review from Crisco 1492
 * I feel sorry for you; 11 days and no comments
 * File:Archaeology of Ritual and Magic.jpg looks acceptable, but Non-free use rationale book cover would be better
 * File:Sator Square at Oppède.jpg looks fine
 * File:Swinside (p4160146).jpg looks okay. — Crisco 1492 (talk) 05:42, 22 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Quick comments: Are you sure that's all the sources you can find? I count six, including the book itself. Enough to show notability, but I'm not sure it's comprehensive. Also, the one-sentence paragraph in #Wider recognition should probably be merged somewhere. — Crisco 1492 (talk) 15:02, 22 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks Crisco; admittedly, this is a rather obscure page, so I'm not too surprised that not many editors have left comments. As far as I can gather, the sources I have used are comprehensive; I have scoured Google Books for further references but have found none. In other news, I shall make the corrections that you suggest regarding the book image and the "Wider recognition" section. (Midnightblueowl (talk) 09:19, 24 July 2012 (UTC))
 * I'll say. I have the same issue with Indonesia-related topics. — Crisco 1492 (talk) 23:27, 30 July 2012 (UTC)

 * comment I've read the article and fixed a couple of spelling errors added a link when I stumbled upon a term I didnt readily recognise. To me it read as comprehensive coverage of the book though it could have some additional information about the author given theres no article. The section Reception and recognition could either be expanded or the two subsection be merged as that contributes the feeling that its struggling to be comprehensive, especially without an introduction paragraph before them. Altogether I think theres sufficient for this to be promoted even if it hasnt recieved a large number of reviews Gnangarra 08:40, 25 July 2012 (UTC)
 * highlighting as theres been no response Gnangarra 14:08, 10 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Comment Supported below For an article of this size, the lead should probably only be two or three paragraphs. Will try to do a full review this week.
 * "Looking at the evidence for foundation deposits in European buildings which likely had magico-religious purposes, he then looks at several examples of written charms and spells which have survived in the archaeological record." There's some repetition of "look" here.
 * "in rivers and other water-places" I'd suggest "in bodies of water".
 * There's some repetition of "discuss" in the lead too.
 * "In ensuing years, the book has been widely cited" By whom? (I presume scholars, maybe scholars and journalists).
 * I think the background section is pretty good, the bits about the Air Force and Ghana seem extraneous to me though.
 * "She opined that it should be read by every archaeologist as a corrective to their widespread ignorance of folklore" Is the bit about ignorance of folklore her opinion, or a settled fact? If it's just her opinion it should probably be noted as such. Mark Arsten (talk) 18:23, 30 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Personally, I'd like to keep the information on the Air Force and Ghana in place; fair enough, it's not particularly relevent to the article in question, but it helps to build up a greater picture of Merrifield, who doesn't have an article of his own (yet). Your other suggestions all sound fine to me, I'll go through and implement them. Thanks Mark. Midnightblueowl (talk) 18:33, 30 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Ok, I'm close to supporting, I think there is a little more copy editing needed on the synopis section first though.
 * You probably want to link "Votive" again in the body, maybe add a few words of explanation too.
 * Watch for repetition of "look" throughout the synopsis.
 * There's some repetition of "both" in the third paragraph.
 * "He examines Late Medieval and Post-Medieval finds of items deposited in rivers, including swords and pilgrimage souvenirs, speculating that it might be a survival from the pagan tradition of casting votive offerings into water." Is "finds... it" correct here?
 * In the 5th paragraph you start three consecutive sentences with "He..."
 * You use "moves on to..." or "goes on to..." a few times, you might be able to tighten it up by removing some of them, i.e. "He then goes on to discuss" -> "He then discuses" Mark Arsten (talk) 20:00, 1 August 2012 (UTC)
 * "discusses the use of the written word in magical contexts. Discussing" Some repetition here.
 * Should this be hyphenated? "19th and 20th century examples"
 * "The seventh chapter is entitled "Charms against witchcraft", and deals with archaeological evidence for a variety of Early Modern and Modern British spells designed to ward off malevolent witchcraft. After briefly dealing" Some repetition here, "deals... dealing" Mark Arsten (talk) 20:00, 1 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks Mark, I'll get around to making these improvements in the next few days. Your input is much appreciated. Midnightblueowl (talk) 23:27, 1 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Done. Midnightblueowl (talk) 12:50, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Support Ok, I'm willing to support on prose/MOS/presentation now. No comment on comprehensiveness of sources, though. I'm still not sure about the Ghana/Air Force bits, but I'll defer to the rest of the reviewers on that one. Mark Arsten (talk) 19:54, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Comments by Johnbod On the whole one would rather see articles on the subjects of books of this type than the books themselves at FA, especially when the book is now 25 years old. The lead says "Upon publication, The Archaeology of Ritual and Magic received predominantly positive reviews in academic peer-reviewed journals such as Folklore and The Antiquaries Journal. In ensuing years, the book has been widely cited by scholars as an influential and pioneering text in the study of the archaeology of ritual and magic." but the rather thin crop of examples given below arguably don't really support this; more would be welcome. Has the book ever been reprinted? 2nd edition? Is it still in print?  Can its citation by other authors be quantified, as you can in the sciences?  Note that the references in their entirety amount to: a) the book itself, b) the author's obituary by a colleague, c) 3 other mentions by other writers, one an "independent researcher".  Otherwise seems ok. Johnbod (talk) 14:50, 19 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Agreed, an article on the topic of the archaeology of ritual and magic would be more important than this particular article, but it would be a particularly difficult article to produce to a good standard. I can confirm that this book has not been republished, and is certainly not in print anymore, but this is not too unusual when it comes to academic texts. Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:52, 22 August 2012 (UTC)