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Sufism

Mystical system also known as tassawuf. Most people are familiar with the whirling dervishes of Turkey. Stemming from an Islamic lineage, with influences from Judaism, Christianity and Zoroastrianism. Sufism influenced the development of Sikhism and the Bahá'í religion. It encouraged the transfer of knowledge from Greek to Arabic development and is influential in architecture such as the Taj Mahal, pioneering the use of coffee, the concept of zero in mathematics, scientific methodology, gardening, medicine, craft, literature and depth psychology. As it becomes better known by Westerners its influential and highly developed researches are gaining widespread acclaim and adoption.

= Sufism =

The diversity of Islamic sects including Sunni, Shi'i, Wahabi, Ismailism, and so on find common ground in opposing or integrating with Sufism (dependent on prevailing political, religious and other influences). This is a reflection of their prevailing interest.

Sufism is based on these rules:

 * Shariat
 * First of all strictly follow the Islamic rules(sharia).

 * Tareekat
 * After following Sharia, one will be start learning Tareekat (Islamic Spiritualism) under a spiritual teacher (Shaikh or Peer)

 * Ma'arifat
 * After practicing Tarakiat, one will get the real understanding of the Spiritualism by his own experience and it is called Ma'arifat.

 * Haqeeqat
 * And after all this, finally he finds the real truth(Haqeeat) about ALLAH.

The purpose of Sufism is to purify the inner or spirit to highest maximum level and prepare yourself to be very close to God (Allah).

According to sufi system, one has to select a spiritual teacher called Shaikh or Peer who will lead and guide him throughout all the way. The student is called "Salik" (The Learner or The Seeker of True Path").

Selecting the Shaikh or peer is called "Bait". One first has to check the character of the Shaikh or Peer that he is truly following Sharia or not. A man not following Islamic sharia cannot be a true Shaikh.

Then Shaikh judges the spiritual level the salik and advise him Azkar(Kalima, Darood, Quranic Verses etc) to recite for a specific number of time daily. These Azkar include the praise of ALLAH and thus have effect of "Noor"(Holy Light). The repetitions of these Azkar and strictly following Islamic sharia collects more and more Noor into the heart(Qulb) of salik and purifies his spirit(Rooh). During the recitation of Azkar, salik has to pay full attention to ALLAH, and thus to reach a state where he will be able to ignore everything except ALLAH. This concentration to ALLAH is also practiced during five prayers(Salat or Namaz). This also fulfills the Hadith of Prophet Muhammad, according to that "Offer the Prayer in a way like you are looking at ALLAH, or if not possible then at least in a way like ALLAH is looking at you".

Increase in the concentration raises the spiritual level of the Salik and he starts observing the things that others do not even feel. This strengthens his believe in ALLAH takes him more and more closer to ALLAH.

= Main Schools =

Azeemi
The Azeemia Sufi order was founded in Pakistan in 1960 by Qalander BaBa Auliya, strengthened & currently headed by Khwaja Shamsuddin Azeemi. In order to meet the demands of present times a system, which could fulfill the spiritual needs of man of the modern era in a scientific way, was needed. Silsela-e-Azeemia has been founded for the very purpose of fulfillment of man's spiritual needs of this era. Rising above the orthodox, conventional and traditional ways of spiritual education modern techniques have been formulated to pace up with the modern era of sciences. Because of unorthodox approach and modern ideology this 'Silsila' is spreading rapidly the world over.

Cognizer of Allah, Proclaimer of Reality, Knower of the Secrets of Spacelessness, Possessor of Insinuated knowledge, Master of the Invisible Controls, Founder Leader of Silsila-e-Azeemia, Hassan Ukhra Muhammad Azeem Burkhiya, His Divine Grace Qalander Baba Auliya founded this Silsila after having its approval from the Islamic prophet Muhammad in July 1960. The name of the 'silsila' (the spiritual order) goes after the name of its founder.

Silsila-e-Azeemia encompasses both the spiritual sections viz. Spiritual Association (sulook) and the Raptness (juzb). His Divine Grace Qalander Baba Auliya has been benefited from twenty-one salasil and enjoys the very special distinction of being the Khanwada (to whom the thinking pattern of the founder leader of a silsila is transferred) of eleven salasil. Discipleship of the traditional style and orthodox manner is not there in this silsila. No particular dress or typical appearance is suggested here. Only sincere interest and devotion for spirituality is the basic criteria for ones association with the silsila. Disciples in this silsila are called friends. Instead of austere and rigorous rituals simple brief and easy-to-perform lessons and exercises have been introduced. Basis of the education is that worshipping style and method which was exercised by the Muhammad in the cave of Hira for a long time. Practice of this exercise of meditation helps the spiritual associate to start his journey in the spiritual realm.

More one advances on these paths more enlightened is one's thinking. Wakefulness starts prevailing upon one's unconscious and the sight becomes strong enough to penetrate the realities of the mysteries. And he becomes a man with cognition rather than a staunch worshipper with a temper. Since the founder leader of the silsila was in a very prominent position of the spiritual administration and enjoyed a high rank of Qalanderiyat therefore Silsila-e-Azeemia also has the shades of Qalanderiyat.

People from various schools of thoughts, for instance Shias, Sunnies, Deubandies, Barailvies used to visit him to pay him the tributes he deserved. People associated with different silsilas also called upon him to quench their thirst for spirituality. Whosoever had a chance to be with him for a while was benefited by the grace of Allah, the most High. Lucky was he who could attract the benevolent attention of His Divine Grace Qalander Baba Auliya. Those who had an opportunity of having an association with him were fortunate to be bestowed with a changed thinking approach, which eventually enabled them to cognize the ultimate reality.

The Eternal Being for spreading light creates people whose mission is to preach about the instability of this material world. They become instrumental in introducing the Lord Creator and teach to have an established relationship with Him.

Gist of the teachings of His Divine Grace Qalander Baba Auliya is that man has not been created to remain in pursuit of livelihood only or for earning bread to eat and to wear clothes but the first and foremost purpose of his creation is that he should recognize his own self and have an intimate introduction with his Benefactor, Muhammad because of whose blessings we are fortunate enough and deviation from whose teachings have made us the most unfortunate and degraded nation of all.

At present 78 Muraqba Halls (Centers of Spiritual learning) in Pakistan and abroad, i.e. in U.K., U.S.A.,Canada, Norway, Holland, Denmark and U.A.E. etc. are operating to serve the creatures of Allah, the Almighty.

About seven thousand letters seeking solutions for problems and difficulties are replied from Markazi Muraqba Hall, Karachi as a free service. Besides this the monthly Roohani Digest, Karachi, Qalandar Shaoor Magazine and Roohani Digest International, London; the organs of silsila offer and suggest remedies of complicated diseases, mental ailments, psychological problems by prescribing Certain Appellations of Allah, Quranic Verses and or methods of chromo-therapy.

Gonabadi Order
The Nimatullahi Sultan Ali Shahi Gonabadi Order The largest Mystical order in Iran.

Oveyssi
Directs the truth seeker to find truth within. Everybody can (and should) experience the truth, and that is the only way to know. It is then practical path. One needs somebody who has walked the walk and knows the road, who knows the way, and dangers. The line of teachers go back to Oveys al-Gharani from Yemen, a companion and receiver of truth directly from prophet Muhammad, even though he never met Him in person, Prophet used to say : ""I smell Rahman (GOD) from Yemen"" and "" His name is Oveys, Follow him step by step, for he is the rescuer of my nation (omma)"". For more info on Maktab Tarighat Oveyssi Shahmaghsoudi School of Islamic Sufism, visit: http://www.mtoshahmaghsoudi.org

Chishti Order
The high status accorded women and the respect and welcome of people following religions other than Islam enabled this school to flourish in multi-cultural India in particular during the Moghul Empire. Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti was the most popular saint of this order who migrated to India from Arabia on an instruction from Prophet Muhammad. Lakhs of people followed him and this sufi order spread across India This sect believes in Wahdat-Ul-Wajood, i.e Everything in existence is due to the existence of Allah, & Allah is present in everything".

For more information on the Chishti order see the University of Georgia website.

Naqshibandiya, Naqshbandi, Rabbani Way
The Naqshbandi Sufi Order has many branches all tracing their lineage back to Shah Naqshbandi. Depending upon the specific linage the related orders profess a wide range of ideologies. One of the largest branches established by Shaykh Nazim Al-Haqqani and carried on by Shaykh Muhammad Adil is located in Lefke Cyprus where hundreds of thousands, of mostly converts to Islam, have visited over the many years. The Naqshbandi order led by Shaykh Muhammad Adil is a very moderate group that welcomes persons of all faiths. What is unique about this order is they never charge anyone to visit. The branch in the United States of America following this order among other locations is the Healing Hearts Sufi Dargah in Norwich, Connecticut.

Kalandar
Associated with wandering minstrels. This is actually a level of sufism that is achieved by first strictly following the sharia(rules of Islam) and then learning the spiritualism(Roohaniat) under the orders of a teacher(Shaikh or Peer) who has already reached a good level.

Shatiriya
The fast way similar to tantra in some aspects.

Hamidiya
This sect is one of the branches of two famous sects of sufism namely Quadri and Chishti Iftekhari. This was led by His Holiness Sayyed Akbar Ali Shah --> Sayyed Mohd. Iftikhar Ali Shah --> Syed Moinullha Hussaini Saha - Syed Mohammed WaliAllah Hussaini Sha - Sayyed Noorullah Husaini Shah --> Sayyed Faridullah Husaini Shah (-->and Hamid Ali Shah . After this the disciples of Hamid Ali Shah ( still follow his path and teachings which is common even today like Khatm-e-Khwajgan which is recited weekly. After Hamid Ali Shah left this world Khwaja Haamid ali Shah Sahab (rehmatullah Alihi) took over the responsiblities of spreading & propogating the teachings of his Peer. Ghulam Ali Shah was nominated as Sajjadah Nasheen to handle & accomplish all the duties of Dargah Hamid Ali Shah located at Moti Karanja Aurangabad. Sajjadah Ghulam Ali Shah Sahab has published one book named Fahem-wa-Amal which is a complete composition and collection of the teachings of Hamid Ali Shah. Till today one can feel the pureness and greatness of the teachings of Hamid Ali Shah which is kept alive by Khwaja Haamid Ali Shah Sahab (rehmatullah Alihi). During the life of Khwaja Haamid Ali Shah Sahab (rehmatullah alihi), millions of people came & joined Khankaah on the hands of Khwaja Haamid Ali Shah (rehmatullah alihi) many of which include Hindu community people also. Khwaja Sahab

Khwaja Haamid Ali Shah Sahab is said to be shadow of his Peer-O-Murshid Hamid Ali Shah since Haamid Ali Shah has truly and faithfully followed teachings and has made a great effort in making more disciples & turning peoples towards right path of Sufism which is said to be Rooh of Islam. Haamid Ali Shah Sahab says He has never turned his back to his Peer's teachings since he was 23 of age. haamid Ali Shah remains on a continuous tour through out India especially Maharashtra, to make people understand teachings of his Peer-O-Murshid. He has never been seen resting at one place Aurangabad Sharif which is his native. says "I am greatfull to my lord my peer that he has given me this opportunity to serve peoples with his teachings". He also thanks to Sajjadah Ghulam Ali Shah Sahab for his support through out in spreading teachings. According to Haamid Ali Shah Sahab, he is born on this earth only to service & please his Peer-O-Murshid by spreading truth of Islam via Sufism.

These teachings are called Tareeqat since the tareeqah(method)of knowing God is followed in sequence & in chain from Peer to Peer till Ali & then finally Muhammad. This teaching is also termed as ILM-E-SEENA(knowledge of heart) which is the knowledge that is transfered from Seena to Seena(heart to heart) from Prophet Muhammad to our Peer-o-Murshid. Tareeqat is therefore based on Tasawwuf. Tasawwuf is nothing but condition of heart. It is recommended to follow tareeqat after completing shariyat. Shariyat is knowledge of Halaal & Haraam (do's & don'ts). It shows us the way how to behave & how to appear in society as a muslim ummath. It is based on 5 pillars of Islam namely-->namaz, roza, Hajj, zakath & jehaad. Tareeqath is knowledge of what should be our attitude towards these 5 prayers & what should be the condition of our heart while praying. Ma'arifat: After combining both in right proportion & manner one achieves & attains a position called Ma'arifat. The one who attains Ma'arifat is called Aarif meaning the one who has known Allah. Haqeeqat When Aarif can hold himself firmly on this position then there itself his soul gets enlightened with Haqeeqat. It is again a top level of Ma'arifat where there is no hijaab(wall or hurdle) between Aarif & Allah. All these levels are followed in chain & fall one after other.

Shariyat is said to be the body & tareeqt, ma'aarifat, haqiqat are said to be its soul. Body is useless without soul & soul cannot do anything without its body. So both are interdependent & holds great importance with each other. Shariyat is for oneself for our own on how to behave & how to live, what to do & what not to do. Shariyat is for knowing our limits or knowing our self, Tariqat is to follow Peer & know Peer in order to attain his spirit, Ma'rifat is to know Muhammad & attain his love then Haqiqat is to know Allah Almighty & to attain his knowledge & meet him.

Therefore a Mureed has to be complete & true in Shariyaat then only he can achieve levels falling after it. Our Dada Peer Sayyed Iftekhar Ali Shah has said & which is very famous in sufis that "Jiski Shariyat me baal barabar kami reh gayi to uski Tariqat me baal barabar gunjaish nahi hai" These teachings were said to be taught by Prophet Muhammad to his Sahabas. Just think seriously on this: Today why Ummath is on decline & is defeated every where in world though we are very large in number, Why? Answer is that we have divided ourselves because our groups follow either only Shariyath or Tareeqat alone. The group who emphasis on Shariyat is empty from its soul i.e Tareeqath & another group which follows Tareeqath has no relation with Shariyat. Therefore both groups live & end their lives meaning less. This is where Shaitaan (Satan) wins & we help him win by dividing ourselves & by not following true islam which is still present & alive with Sufi's, Sahib-e-dil, Buzurgaan-e-deen in khankaah-e-Aluliya. Where they are taught lessons of Love & how to defeat Shaiytan by defeating our evil will. Sahabas use to hold great love for their Peer-o-Murshid Muhammad & so they use to follow each & every task with out any delay & problem. Today ummath lacks the spirit of Love & therefore every where Ummath is declining in faith & spirit. Ummath has to therefore follow the path of Sahabees & have to become Mureed to attain the faith in true sense. One needs somebody who has walked the walk and knows the road, who knows the way, and dangers, the rehbar rehnuma i.e. Peer-o-Murshid.Since the time Ummath has stopped becoming disciples of Peer-o-Murshid they got divided & Shaitan has got chance to play around with them. Peer-o-Murshid Haamid Ali Shah Sahab says "Shaitan lets momin do every good work but never let him become a Mureed because he knows if he becomes Mureed then he will be safe from Shaitan's hands". Muslims have been divided just because they dont have a common faith because they dont have common teacher i.e. they don't follow a common path by becoming Mureed. Ghaus-e-Azam had said that "jiska koi Peer nahi uska Peer Shaitan hai". Today we can see truth of his sayings. The Islam that we understand is not islam as our thought capacity is very limited & we tend to perceive as per our boundaries with help of what ever we read or hear. It is here where we get targeted by Shaitan. We need to follow the path & walk on the path where Murshid has walked & has seen all the ups & downs & dangers. It is called Tariqat. Shaitan has wrongly spread the thought that Followers of Peeri Mureedi are (Ma'azAllah)doing shirks & they are bending in front of Gair Allah. This is where he (shaitan)has succeeded in dividing us in name of Shirk. Shirk is the one which he did by denying Allah & not doing Sajdah to Adam (A.S). He now wants all of Muslims to fall prey to same mistake. He made a mistake by Defining Adam Gair Allah i.e. different from Allah, where as none of the existence in this world or universe is different from Allah. Every thing exist just because of Allah rabbul Izzat. Other form of weapon of Shaitan is Bida'at. Bida'at means new invention or new methodology. Sufis are not at all doing any Bida'at rather they are following the same old method which Muhammad has directed us to & has verily said "My Sahabas are like stars, follow them if you want to walk in right direction". Sahabas followed Their Peer-o-Murshid Muhammad, then Tab'aeen followed Sahabas, Tabe Taba'een followed Taba'eens, Auliya follow Tabe Taba'eens & so on till my Peer-o-Murshid Haamid Ali Shah Sahab. Therefore Peeri Mureedi is actually following the path of Sahabas which is obeying Rasool Allah (SAW). Ummath is no where now because they are not obeying Rasool (SAW). One can never attain the wisdom of Sahabas untill & unless he follows his Peer. Therefore it is mandatory for one to become Mureed (desciple)to become a Momin the way Rasool Allah (SAW) wants us to be. Earlier some 200 years ago every Muslim use to become disciple (Mureed) of Peer & it was taken as a very compulsory to have Peer-o-Murshid else that man was not treated as a good Muslim in community even if he use to follow all rules of Shariyat. This was because every one was worried as per the saying of Gaus-e-Azam & didn’t wanted to be disciple of Shaitan. This air of shirk & Bid'aat has polluted the true & very pure Islamic concept of soul purification & thus has stopped Muslims from becoming true Momin. Sayyed Akbar Ali Shah traveled from Shahjahan pur to Hyderabad in search of Peer & finally reached khankah of Sayyed Shah Shajaul Haqqani. Similarly Sayyed Iftekhar Ali Shah spent 12 years in Ajmer at Dargah of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishty as he was keen on becoming mureed of Khwaja sahab. He use to sweep the floor of dargah & mosque & lighten the candles. This he did for 12 years & finally one day he saw Khawaja Ajmeri in his dreams saying "go to Hyderabad & become mureed of Sayyed Akbar Ali Shah" He insisted i want to bcome your Mureed, Khwaja sahab replied " Akbar Ali is me & i am Akbar Ali. Go & become his desciple." Iftekhar Ali Saha then travelled to Hydrabad & he was welcomed by Akbar Ali Shah as he was also intimated by Khwaja Ajmeri about arival of Iftikhar. Iftikhar Ali Shah when became mureed he then gained great name & fame among suifs & is still remembered by his mystical poetries & ashars where he has defined his travel of within himself & then reaching his spirit in Diwan-e-Watan. Watan was his takhallus(token name). One of his famous ashar from his poem: Mai jab hi tak tha ke teri jalwa peerai naa thi. Jo namud-e-Haq se mitt jata hai wo batill hu mai. Meaning: I was there in side my body till time there was no sign of my Peer, I am that falsehood which vanishes with birth of truth. Murid is false hood & Peer is truth. If we will read biography of other Auliya's we will come to know that every one had Murshid & they had tried hard to find them in their life. They were all eager to adopt path of Tassawwuf & walk the way of Suluk.

Tasawwuf is the core of eiman (true faith) and not something extra. Suluk is the essence of that iman which every Muslim claims to have, on condition that he experiences the sweetness of it in his heart. This same Shari’ah which was taught to us by the Messenger of Allah is actually suluk and tariqah, on condition that the effect moves from the body parts on to the heart and ‘amal becomes the result of the heart being attached to it.

A sick person doesn’t feel hungry at all. He forces himself to eat because of the doctor’s instructions, also that his body can develop strength to fight the sickness. Another person who is healthy eats because he desires and enjoys food. Both are eating to live and both are benefiting from the food. On the surface there seems to be no difference between the two, but in reality there is a great difference. The sick person has to subject his nature (force himself) to consume food while the healthy person subjects the food to his nature (tab’iyyah).

By this example understand the difference between a person who makes ‘ibadah but has to force himself and the sahib al-nisbah wali (perfect and perfected saint) who makes the same ‘ibadah due to the desire and longing of his heart.

If the doctor did not force the sick person to eat, he would not have eaten and not felt any guilt, remorse and grief. Although the result of not eating will have its detrimental effects later but presently he is happy to leave food. On the other hand, the healthy person, if he doesn’t eat, suffers immediately, becomes weak and will be unable to do anything until and unless he eats.

'''This perfect health is called tariqah, which the heart acquires. The spiritual food is called Shari’ah which one should be truly desirous of and be able to sacrifice for it.'''

Yes, initially one has to apply force and pressure. Later it will develop into this stage insha’Allah where one enjoys being nurtured by the Shari’ah.

The heart is like a mirror, which reflects the tajalliyah (divine lustres). For this to happen, the heart has to be cleansed and polished. This clean and polished condition has to be maintained through mujahadah (constant effort and sacrifice) that will keep away the darkness of sin and evil character. When the dust, grime and rust are removed, then this person is now constantly engaged in dhikr and fikr and is constantly attentive towards Allah Most High. The result of this attentiveness is the reflection on the mirror (the heart) is formed. The joy and pleasure of this condition is beyond words. When this mirror gains light from the Giver of Light (Allah Most High) then it lights up the world. This is the same light that emanated from the noble heart of the Messenger of Allah which lit up the world. This light from his noble heart spread to others who had purified their hearts. They in turn spread it to others. This light of guidance taken from the light of Nubuwwah (Prophethood) is found in every era and is still present although fourteen hundred years have passed.

The carriers of this light are the Awliya (the friends of Allah), and there have been and there are still hundreds of them. From among this illuminated, fortunate, blessed and pristine (in our times) "Gulam ali Shah Sahab" May Allah raise us with them on the Day of Judgment. Amin Ya Rabb al-’Alamin.

None of the Auliya Allah is without Murshid because this is the only way to gain Ma'arifat & Haqiqat of Allah Subhanhuta'aala.

Quaddiri
A system derived by & from His Holyness Abdul Qadir Jilani & his disciples. They believe " Wahdat-UL-Shahud, i.e Everything in existence is due to the presence of Allah & everything gives shadat of Allah's Existence".

Rufi
= Philosophy =

Universal suffrage and inspired and exhalted love. A stress on ascetic practices such as night vigils, fasting and zhikr (prayer repetitions). Important ideas are kismet (fate) and baraka (spiritual grace or power). Great emphasis is placed on the tariqa (circle) of the teachers influence. By alignment with a tradition or path, the qualities and transmissions associated with a particular methodology develop. Students travel through different stations (phases) during which qualities are stabilised. Conditions of ecstasy and sobriety alternate and are eventually superseded. Some groups such as the kalandars are renowned for inducing altered states of consciousness.

= Hagiography =

Al Ghazzali One of the great 'Hakim' of Islam and also a reknowned mystic

The Persian Rumi

Your heart may have a thousand locks;

do not fear: search for the shop of Love.

Love will unlock your heart.

Rumi

The Spaniard Ibn-Arabi

Nasrudin Mythical, fun teaching tool, also known as Hodja

Nasrudin sat on a river bank

when someone shouted to him from the other bank: "Hey! how do I get across?"

"You are across!" Nasrudin shouted back.

The poet Attar

famous for the 'Conference (or parliament) of the Birds'

With your whole heart and soul,

seek to regain Reality,

nay seek for Reality within your own heart,

for Reality, in truth, is hidden within you.

Attar

Dance
Sufism practice may include the performance of a prayer dance, in a circle wearing big frocks and their traditional caps on their head, through which they commune with Allah.

Western Developments
The first noticeable development of Sufi ideology came from the Persian religion of Zoroasta and the mystical teachings of the Jews and the Christians. This ideology of SUFISM was totally changed when it was blended with Greek ideas and the obvious major heritage and lineage of the Hadith and Koran. Much cross-cultural integration of Sufism came from the French and Spanish colonies of the Islamic empires.

title: Sufism


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Novovoznesenka

Novovoznesenka (Нововознесенка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Klyuchevsky Selsoviet, Klyuchevsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 168 as of 2013. There are 5 streets.

Geography
Novovoznesenka is located 8 km southeast of Klyuchi (the district's administrative centre) by road. Klyuchi is the nearest rural locality.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Novovoznesenka


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Talk:Brimful of Asha

Untitled
So what is a brimful of Asha? Does one take a piece of Asha Bhosle and put it in a brim, or something? J I P | Talk 20:46, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

No, and you're a lamer -Tim

 * No, it's Asha full to the brim or overflowing. -Acjelen 14:19, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

I'm scared!! This is in my contributions and I don't remember editing this!MJN SEIFER 18:45, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

It's a play on words ... asha also means hope ... "Brimful of Hope" Get it? --<IP_ADDRESS> 17:14, 12 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I do. But what's 45 got to do with it? — Kpalion(talk) 18:47, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

"Asha is Indian for Hope." which Indian exactly? there's only about 200+ kinds of "Indian" to choose from. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:52, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

Asha is a Sanskrit word. Kpalion, are you old enough to remember vinyl records, and that the smaller ones were called 45s? I always thought this song was about the joy of pop music. Also, Channel 45 is an Indian-language television channel in Britain. Eligius (talk) 23:11, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

The audio sample is from the Fatboy Slim remix, not the original song. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:32, 7 August 2010 (UTC)

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45 meaning
Throughout the song, "a brimful of Asha on the 45" is repeated. Is 45 a reference to old vinyl records that played at 45rpm? --NovaBrunswick 10:04, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Brimful of Asha


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User:IDUN Minerals

IDUN Minerals is a pure mineral makeup and skincare brand from Sweden developed by Scandinavian scientists and recommended by dermatologists. Since the launch in 2011 it has grown to a cosmetic and skin care brand available in 1500 pharmacies across the Nordic region. It is also available from selective online retailers. Distribution in Europe, North America and Middle East.

IDUN Minerals AB is headquartered in Sweden with subsidiaries in France, Denmark, Norway, Italy, Finland and the US. The company is privately owned by Göran Agardh and Per Agardh.

The products are based on pure mineral formulations that suit all skin types, including the very sensitive. They contain 100 percent purified minerals, purified of nickel, chrome and microorganisms. The ingredients are few and there are no additives. All product development is done in-house in collaboration with Swedish scientists. The full makeup line includes foundation, powder, concealer, blush, bronzer, lip gloss, lipstick, eye shadow and mascara. It also includes brushes. The skincare line includes cleansers, serum and creams. Most of the products are vegan, and all of the products are cruelty-free.

IDUN Minerals mineral powder foundation is currently the only cosmetic product recommended by The Swedish Asthma and Allergy Foundation.

The product names are inspired by Norse mythology, ie EIR, Gull, Silfr and Magna. Unique motifs of the goddess Idun painted by artist Patrizia Gucci from the famous Italian designer family decorates the packaging.

title: User:IDUN Minerals


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/forteanzoology.blogspot.it

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List of protected heritage sites in Hélécine

This table shows an overview of the protected heritage sites in the Walloon town Hélécine. This list is part of Belgium's national heritage.

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text:
Hal Easterwood

Harold Boyd Easterwood (October 14, 1932 - August 13, 2005) was an American football player. Easterwood played college football at the center position for the Mississippi State Bulldogs football team. He was selected by the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) as the first-team center on its 1954 College Football All-America Team. He later worked as a high school football coach in Mississippi and was inducted into the Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame in 2005.

title: Hal Easterwood


text:
Asfanakhyh

Asfanakhia (أسفاناخية) is an Arab dish of cut meat with spinach and chickpeas.

History
It was mentioned in Al-Tabikh in 1225 by Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Baghdadi, "It is made by taking a fatty cut of meat and cut into medium pieces. The rump is then taken, cut lengthwise and the fat separated from the meat. The meat is added to the fat in a pot and mixed. Then, fill the pot with water and add salt at the boil. Then boil and remove the fatty foam and add soaked and peeled chick peas. Fresh spinach is washed with water, then chop the leafy bit and discard the stalk. Beat the spinach in a stone mortar and add to the pot. When it's ready, add landmint, cumin, crushed pepper, mastic and finely crushed garlic. Then increase the pot water as needed and simmer. After an hour add washed rice as much as needed. Then leave it on low heat for another hour and serve.

title: Asfanakhyh


text:
User:SabreSloth

Biography-ish
Jamie King (the aptly named Sabre Sloth) was born on a year sometime between 1990 and 2000 in a place somewhere between the north of Britain and the slightly less north of Britain.

His current interests are:

 * Halo 5: Guardians
 * Killing Floor 2
 * Archery
 * Medieval reenactment
 * Skallagrim
 * Team Fortress 2

title: User:SabreSloth


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/Local/rootsanalysis.com

Links

 * rootsanalysis.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Selected additions

 * Displayed 4 additions out of 4 total.	 For more info see WikiProject_Spam/LinkReports/rootsanalysis.com

Entry
Log entry for the MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist:

\brootsanalysis\.com\b      # ADMINNAME # see  [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spam/Local/rootsanalysis.com ]]

Discussion
See COIBot report for more details.

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 09:41, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 11:17, 23 September 2019 (UTC)


text:
Wikiversity:Project namespace

The Project namespace is for Content development.

At Wikipedia all of the content development projects are in the project namespace. They have a pseudo-namespace in which the pages start with "Wikipedia:Wikiproject". In contrast, Wikiversity has content development projects in the "School:" and "Topic:" namespaces.

title: Wikiversity:Project namespace


text:
Valley City Post Office

The Valley City Post Office, in Valley City, North Dakota, was designed in 1915 and built during 1916–17. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 as U.S. Post Office-Valley City.

Its Classical Revival design is credited to the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore, and designed "in the spirit" of James Knox Taylor. It was built when post office designs were just beginning to be standardized, but shows individuality and does not follow any of the standardized plans that were adopted in 1915 at the national level. In fact, according to its NRHP nomination, it "was one of the last designs of its kind, and harks back to an earlier era when federal buildings were monolithic, imposing, costly, and built according to Beaux Arts principles of massing." It was described in a local newspaper account in 1916 as "'much more pretentious than most of the federal buildings that are being erected throughout the west when the size of the cities are taken into consideration'".

title: Valley City Post Office


text:
Heidelberg Town Hall

Heidelberg Town Hall is a civic building located on Upper Heidelberg Road in Ivanhoe, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia. It is now more commonly known as The Centre Ivanhoe.

Opened in April 1937, the building was designed by architectural firm Peck & Kemter in association with A.C. Leith & Bartlett for the Heidelberg City Council (now Banyule City Council) and was influenced by the Hilversum Town Hall in the Netherlands. It listed on the Victorian Heritage Register, described as "the greatest and most eloquent expression of the interwar brick Moderne style in Victoria." The architects were awarded the Royal Victorian Institute of Architects (RVIA) Street Architecture Medal for 1939 for the building.

The ’Berg
Not long after the town hall opened the council engaged Bill Glennon to organise public dances on Wednesday and Saturday nights. An 18-piece dance band played in the Great Hall, two smaller downstairs rooms– the Streeton and Condor rooms has separate dances each featuring different music styles. The Streeton room featured ‘old-time’ music and the Condor Room, Jazz.

Free buses brought patrons from Melbourne’s Northern suburbs. The dances were hugely popular, over 2000 people would attend on a Saturday night. Many locals recount meeting their spouses at the ’Berg.

The dances continued until the 1970’s.

title: Heidelberg Town Hall


text:
Category:Expatriate women's footballers in Ecuador

This category is for non-Ecuadorian female footballers who currently play or have played in Ecuador.


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/The Wolverine (film)

The Wolverine (film)

 * ... that the production of The Wolverine, the upcoming sequel to X-Men Origins: Wolverine, was delayed by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami?
 * Reviewed: Marina Grande, Capri and Chiesa di San Costanzo

Created/expanded by TriiipleThreat (talk). Self nom at 17:40, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Symbol confirmed.svg Long enough and new enough and hook well sourced. I was puzzled by the article's histiry but it seems to have been moved to mainspace on July 10t. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 09:13, 12 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Charles Okpaleke

Acceptance at AFC
I noted the old AfD, and have added it to this page. I do not have admin goggles, so cannot see the prior version. I have assessed this version on its merits today, and view it to be of sufficient merit, showing sufficient notability to be created as an article. Fiddle  Faddle  09:17, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Its been deleted six times in 2019 alone.   scope_creep Talk  10:02, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * But there is more than enough coverage now.   scope_creep Talk  10:05, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * , Thank you, that was my view. It may now take its chance. Fiddle   Faddle  10:10, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

Thank you very much guys, I'm encouraged to edit and create more. MarkCarey911 (talk) 21:36, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Charles Okpaleke


text:
Talk:Leanne Franson

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 21 August 2019 and 3 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Greatgoddex. Peer reviewers: Pianimo, Freakyforwiki, Angeldrew19.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 13:45, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Leanne Franson


text:
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Mathematics/2012 July 8

= July 8 =

math questions regarding 1 per hundred, 1 per thousand, 1 per ten and other numbers
is there a website that can help you with questions like what is 1 per ten of 300, 1 per thousand of 3000, 1 per hundred of 300 and 2 per hundred of 300 and etc? I mean that help you practice answering the questions. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:28, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Google works "1 per [ten, thousand, cent(hundred)] of [enter number here]", I also like Wolfram Alpha, same words. Bluefist  talk  02:38, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

 * The names for such problems are ratios, proportions, and unit fractions. A quick way to solve them, if they start with only 1's and 0's, is by subtracting the number of zeroes in the ratio from the main number.  So, 1 per 100 of 3000 is 30 (you just take off two zeroes).  Then, if you wanted 2 per 100 of 3000, you would multiply that 30 by 2, to get 60.

 * If using a calculator, try 3000 * 2 / 100. StuRat (talk) 03:16, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

Rigid Body Rotation
Hey I was trying to solve the Feynmann plate problem concerning the ratio of the rates of 'wobble' and 'spin' of a free disk. Starting from the Lagrangian $$L=\frac{1}{2} \boldsymbol{\omega}^T I \boldsymbol{\omega}$$ with $$\boldsymbol{\omega} = \bigl( \begin{smallmatrix} \dot{\phi} \sin{\theta} \sin{\psi} + \dot{\theta} \cos{\psi}\\ \dot{\phi} \sin{\theta} \cos{\psi} - \dot{\theta} \sin{\psi}\\  \dot{\phi} \cos{\theta} + \dot{\psi} \end{smallmatrix} \bigr)$$ in terms of the usual Eulerian angles and the coordinates chosen so that $$I$$ is diagonal. The E-L equation wrt $$\psi$$ gives one, and hence by analogy all, of the Euler equations $$I_1 \dot{\omega}_1 = (I_2-I_3)\omega_2 \omega_3$$ (and other cyclic perms).

The case of the plate is considered by setting $$I_1=I_2=\frac{1}{2}I_3$$. Thus the Euler equations predict that $$\dot{\omega}_3=0$$ and $$\omega_1=\omega_0 \cos{\omega_3 t}$$ and $$\omega_2=\omega_0 \sin{\omega_3 t}$$.

The Lagrangian is then $$L= \frac{1}{2}I_1\left(\dot{\theta}^2 + \dot{\phi}^2 \sin^2{\theta} + 2 (\dot{\psi}+\dot{\phi} \cos{\theta})^2\right)$$, which as far as I can tell yields the dynamical equations: What I am trying to find is the ratio $$\dot{\phi}:\dot{\psi}$$. The literature on the internet seems to suggest that it is achieved by identifying the frequency of the precession of $$\boldsymbol{\omega}$$ given by $$\omega_3$$ with $$-\dot{\psi}$$, (giving $$2 \dot{\psi}=-\dot{\phi} \cos{\theta}$$) but I cant see why these should equate? Nor can I see a way of extracting this information from the EL equations. Can anyone help at all? Thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:43, 8 July 2012 (UTC)
 * 1) $${\operatorname{d}\!\over\operatorname{d}\!t}\left( 4 \dot{\psi} \cos{\theta} + \dot{\phi}(3 + \cos{2 \theta}) \right) = 0$$
 * 2) $${\operatorname{d}\!\over\operatorname{d}\!t}\left(\dot{\psi}+\dot{\phi} \cos{\theta}\right) = {\operatorname{d}\!\omega_3\over\operatorname{d}\!t}=0$$
 * 3) $$\ddot{\theta} = -\dot{\phi}\sin{\theta}(2 \dot{\psi}+\dot{\phi} \cos{\theta}$$)

matrix vs. tensor
Is there a simple example of a matrix that is not a tensor or a tensor that is not (or cannot be represented as) a matrix? A similar question was asked on the tensor talk page, but I don't see a clear example in the answers. Searching for tensor matrix in the reference desk archives yielded these , but I don't see an example of something that is one but not the other.--Wikimedes (talk) 19:49, 8 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Any tensor can be represented as a matrix, once you choose a coordinate system. (What it's a matrix of is a slightly subtler question.)  And any matrix can be interpreted as a tensor.  So I don't think you're going to get a clear answer of something that "is" a matrix but "is not" a tensor, or vice versa.
 * It's a question of intent and interpretation. A tensor is supposed to be the underlying abstraction that's independent of the coordinate system, whereas a matrix, if it's representing a tensor, can do so only in one particular coordinate system.  Hope this helps.  Others may have subtly different takes on the question, but I think by and large they'll agree with the direction I'm pointing. --Trovatore (talk) 20:31, 8 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Any tensor can be a matrix? Aren't matrices specifically 2nd order tensors, whereas generally a tensor can have any order? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:17, 8 July 2012 (UTC)
 * OK, point taken. I was thinking of rank-2 tensors.  But then again you could have multi-dimensional matricies. --Trovatore (talk) 02:14, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Here is a concrete example of a tensor that can't be represented as a matrix (excluding multi-dimensional matrices). Let V = Rn, and let T:(V×V×V) → R be the linear map which gives the product of the first coordinates of the 3 vectors.  In other words, for v, w, u in V with v = (v1,...,vn) etc, let T(v,w,u) = v1w1u1.  Tensors encompass any linear map that takes any number of vectors and spits out a scalar.  Matrices can only be used to represent the ones that take two vectors as their input. Rckrone (talk) 03:53, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * The result that you get from applying T appears to depend on the co-ordinate system, so is it actually a tensor ? Gandalf61 (talk) 08:15, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * If you want to explicitly define a specific tensor, then of course you have to fix a basis. What other choice is there? Rckrone (talk) 05:22, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I think Gandalf61 is pointing out one of those subtleties: If your description is intended to apply to every basis (as for example with the Kronecker delta or the Levi-Civita symbol), it is not a tensor. If it is intended to define the tensor only for some preferred basis, it does. This is significant enough that the use of a preferred basis should be highlighted in the definition, since in the absence of such a statement the converse would generally be implied.
 * Indeed. My point is that if T(v,w,u) = v1w1u1 in any co-ordinate system then T is not a tensor because T(v,w,u) depends on the co-ordinate system. This is what I assumed the defitnition of T meant. I suppose you could say that T(v,w,u) = v1w1u1 in some specific preferred co-ordinate system, and that T transforms as a tensor when you change co-ordinate systems, in which case, yes, T is a tensor by definition - but this does not seem like a natural way to define a tensor. Gandalf61 (talk) 06:37, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I guess I will ask again, what other choice is there? How would you more naturally define this tensor T? Rckrone (talk) 14:28, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Sorry, let me rephrase that. I should have said that T is not a natural tensor to want to define or use, precisely because its definition involves a preferred co-ordinate system. It is more natural to illustrate the concept with a tensor such as the metric tensor which can be defined in a coordinate-free way in terms of the geometric properties of tangent vectors etc. The representation of the tensor relative to any given co-ordinate system is then a secondary consideration. I think this is the same point that Trovatore makes below. An analogy - Fibonacci numbers are a more natural sequence than emirps because emirps can only be defined in a base-dependent way. Gandalf61 (talk) 15:01, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * You can only really get by without coordinates at a certain level of abstraction. For instance the claim that a metric tensor can be explicitly defined without a choice of coordinates is just not accurate.  You can say the words "the metric tensor" without coordinates, but if I hand you an explicit atlas for some smooth manifold and tell you "define a smooth metric on this manifold" you're going to have to get your hands dirty.  Think carefully about the claim you're making about which tensors are "natural".  No one would ever say that the only natural linear transformations are the ones that can be defined without matrices.  The only linear transformations that are truly "coordinate-free" are the scalar multiples of the identity which are boring. Rckrone (talk) 15:32, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, I guess it all depends on what you mean there by "explicitly defined" - if you only believe that a tensor is "explicitly defined" when its components are listed in a specific co-ordinate system then we have a circular argument. As a final point, I would refer you to Tensor (intrinsic definition) which says "In differential geometry an intrinsic geometric statement may be described by a tensor field on a manifold, and then doesn't need to make reference to coordinates at all". I am not going to waste any more time on this. Gandalf61 (talk) 16:32, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, now you are getting at the problem that I'm trying to describe. By "explicitly defined" I mean give a description that uniquely picks out a specific element of the set without making any arbitrary choices.  For example if the set were the integers I could say "4" and you would know which integer I was talking about.  Unfortunately, as you were alluding to, this can't be done for vector spaces, or spaces of tensors, unless we make a choice of basis (with some small classes of exceptions).  This concept of one tensor being "natural" and another not doesn't exist.  That's too bad in some ways, because when we teach about vector spaces we want to instill the idea that these objects exist before we choose a basis, but bases have to be tied up in any explicit descriptions of the elements.  You objected to my example above for not being natural, but unfortunately that's the best we can do. Rckrone (talk) 17:31, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * The question (or answer) should be separated ab initio into the question of the order of the tensor (which equals to the "dimensionality" of the matrix), and the other subtler aspects. The first question of order should be straightforward, so let's assume that is not being asked about (OP please confirm).  Adding to Travatore's response, there are also matrices (or matrix-like sets of components) that are not considered to be tensors, because to be a tensor, an additional requirement must be satisfied, essentially that the components must transform appropriately with a change of basis.  An example of a non-tensor that still can be represented as a matrix is the Levi-Civita symbol, which in two dimensions is a square matrix.  In the converse case, an order-k tensor can always be represented as a matrix of dimensionality k once a basis has been chosen.  — Quondum☏ 08:08, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, I was not asking about dimensionality or order.
 * Thanks for the Levi-Civita example. I had always heard that tensors had additional properties and figured a matrix existed which didn't have those properties.  I still have some work ahead of me to understand why it acquires a minus sign under an improper rotation and why this means it is not a tensor, but I'll give it a try before asking for an explanation.
 * Is a matrix representation of a tensor considered to be a tensor, or do you also need to define how it operates? Looking at Rckrone's example, I can imagine representing it as an array of 3 ones and a bunch of zeroes, but it seems you'd still have to define what those ones and zeroes do when operating on 3 vectors.--Wikimedes (talk) 09:12, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Let's go down one rank; nothing fundamental changes. That is, is an ordered triple of real numbers the same as a (three-dimensional) real vector, or not?
 * Well, any 3-d real vector can be represented as an ordered triple, and any such ordered triple can be interpreted as a vector. But are they the same thing?
 * I would say they are not. Imagine an arrow, floating in space.  That's a vector.  Which ordered triple you associate with it, depends on the coordinate system you assign.  Conversely, given an ordered triple, which arrow you associate to it again depends on the coordinate system. --Trovatore (talk) 09:42, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I think the key difference is that a matrix is an array of scalars, and a tensor is what you get when you sum the products of such a matrix's entries with a basis (of a –normally abstract– vector space). A specified basis is essential for the matrix to represent a tensor, and changing the basis changes the matrix components in a specific way to keep the resultant tensor unchanged.  If the matrix elements are specified to change with a change in basis in a way that conflicts with this "specific way", then they clearly do not represent a well-defined tensor.  It is this overspecification with conflict that can prevent a matrix from being a representation of a tensor. (Oh, and you do not have to define how it operates; it is sufficient for a tensor to be a member of a linear space.) I hope this encapsulates the nub of the issue. — Quondum☏ 13:20, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * A "normally abstract" vector space??? That might depend on your field.  But I didn't think algebraists used the "tensor" language so much (outside of locutions like tensor product); why wouldn't you just say linear transformation?
 * My default context for talking about "tensors" specifically is the tangent bundle of a manifold, or something similar to it. --Trovatore (talk) 18:07, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * My terminology is probably unconventional. I'm trying to force the idea of the vector space being unspecified other than for the number of dimensions and the base field (and certainly don't mean it in the sense of abstract algebra); so many people are taught that a vector is an n-tuple of values. The properties of a tensor as a linear transformation are actually not entirely relevant to its representation via a matrix.  Its membership of a vector space (or a tensor power thereof) is sufficient.  — Quondum☏ 21:36, 9 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Natural Lands

Natural Lands is a non-profit land conservation organization with headquarters in Media, Pennsylvania, dedicated to the management, protection, and conservation of eastern Pennsylvania and southern New Jersey's native forests, fields, streams, and wetlands. The organization owns and manages 43 nature preserves—and one public garden totaling more than 23,000 acres—located in 13 counties in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Nineteen of the preserves are open to the public for recreational use; the others have limited visitation due to the presence of sensitive ecosystems or limited facilities.

Background
In addition to owning and managing preserves, Natural Lands preserves land by working with private land owners to establish and enforce conservation easements. A conservation easement is a voluntary but legally binding agreement that permanently limits a property's use. To date, the organization holds easements on more than 22,000 acres.

Natural Lands also provides a range of consulting services to Pennsylvania municipalities (152 municipalities in 26 counties, to date). These services include redrafting a township's zoning ordinances to incorporate open space, thereby using development to save land.

Natural Lands has been accredited by the Land Trust Accreditation Commission, an independent program of the Land Trust Alliance, which endorses a land trust's ability to "operate in an ethical, legal, and technically sound manner and ensure the long-term protection of land in the public interest."

To date, Natural Lands has saved more than 135,000 acres of land in its nearly 64-year history. This is equal to about half the total acreage of Pennsylvania's state park system.

Mission
Natural Lands is a nonprofit organization that saves open space, cares for nature, and connects people to the outdoors in eastern Pennsylvania and southern New Jersey. More than 2.5 million people live within five miles of lands under the organization's permanent protection. The organization's approach to conservation includes:

 * Saving open space - Permanently protecting natural areas using acquisition and conservation easements and by helping growing communities preserve more of their land
 * Caring for nature - Providing leadership in managing natural resources on its preserves and sharing its expertise with other landowners
 * Connecting People to the Outdoors - Creating opportunities for people to connect with and learn from nature

History
Natural Lands was founded in 1953 as the Philadelphia Conservationists, Inc., by a group of birdwatchers who wanted to protect what is now the John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge, a tidal freshwater marsh in Tinicum Township, Pennsylvania. Led by Allston Jenkins, a local accountant who was new to birding when he founded the organization, The Philadelphia Conservationists achieved their goal of protecting the Tinicum Marsh from being filled with sediment dredged from nearby waterways by the following year. Allston Jenkins (1903-1994) became Natural Lands' first president and executive director, and was an active member within the organization until his death.

As the Philadelphia Conservationists, the organization worked to preserve land up and down the East Coast and beyond – however, they would usually turn the land that they preserved over to government agencies and other non-profits. In 1959, the organization created its first nature preserve. Sharp's Woods Preserve in Chester County, Pennsylvania, had 28 acres, and is still owned and stewarded by the organization today.

In 1961, the members of The Philadelphia Conservationists established themselves as Natural Lands Trust, Inc., as a means of being able to permanently own and preserve the land that came under their care. The same year, they received its first donation of land, now the Willisbrook Preserve in Willistown Township, Pennsylvania.

In 2017, the nonprofit shortened its name to Natural Lands.

Natural Lands has continued to acquire and steward open land in eastern Pennsylvania and in southern New Jersey in the interest of preserving open spaces and native habitats and ensuring that residents of Pennsylvania and New Jersey benefit from open spaces in perpetuity. In addition to acquiring land outright for preservation and stewardship, Natural Lands has also been responsible for conservation easements on 20,000 acres of land. The organization's first easement was the Upper Main Line YMCA in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 1966, which was the first known conservation easement in Pennsylvania. Since its incorporation in 1961, Natural Lands has saved more than 125,000 acres of land from being developed.

Natural Lands' headquarters are located at the 55-acre Hildacy Preserve in Media, Pennsylvania since 1981.

Growing Greener: Conservation by Design
Growing Greener: Conservation by Design is a program that Natural Lands launched in 1997 to help Pennsylvanian municipalities and independent developers conserve open space, preserve property assets, promote interconnected greenway networks, and maximize the quality of residents’ living conditions during the development process. The communities that have adopted Growing Greener Conservation by Design ordinances are currently setting aside an average of 62 percent of the land in new developments as open space.

Force of Nature
Force of Nature is Natural Lands' volunteer program, launched in 2011. Those selected for the program participate in an in-depth training program that covers a variety of land management and restoration techniques. Following training, program graduates apply their knowledge as skilled volunteers with Natural Lands.

Preserves and gardens

Of the 44 properties Natural Lands owns and manages, 19 are open to the public daily, free of charge, from sunrise to sunset. Stoneleigh is open free of charge, Tuesday through Sunday, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.

 * Bear Creek Preserve - 3,565 acres in Bear Creek, PA
 * Binky Lee Preserve - 112 acres in Chester Springs, PA
 * Bryn Coed Preserve - 520 acres in Chester Springs, PA
 * ChesLen Preserve - 1,263 acres in Coatesville, PA
 * Crow's Nest Preserve - 621 acres in Elverson, PA
 * Glades Wildlife Refuge - 6,765 acres in Fortescue, NJ
 * Green Hills Preserve - 201 acres in Mohnton, PA
 * Gwynedd Preserve - 279 acres in North Wales, PA
 * Hildacy Preserve - 55 acres in Media, PA
 * Mariton Wildlife Sanctuary - 200 acres in Easton, PA
 * Meng Preserve - 101 acres in Schwenksville, PA
 * Peacedale Preserve - 222 acres in Landenburg, PA
 * Harold N. Peek Preserve - 344 acres in Millville, NJ
 * Sadsbury Woods Preserve - 508 acres in Parkesburg, PA
 * Saunders Woods Preserve - 25 acres in Gladwyne, PA
 * Stone Hills Preserve - 13 acres in Schwenksville, PA
 * Stoneleigh: A Natural Garden - 42 acres in Villanova, PA
 * Stroud Preserve - 571 acres in West Chester, PA
 * Wawa Preserve - 98 acres in Media, PA
 * Willisbrook Preserve - 126 acres in Malvern, PA

title: Natural Lands


text:
Coley (surname)

Coley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Andre Coley (born 1974), Jamaican cricketer
 * Andy Coley (born 1978), British rugby league player
 * Craig Coley (born 1947), American wrongfully convicted of murder
 * Doris Coley (1941–2000), American singer with The Shirelles
 * Henry Coley (1633–1704), English astrologer
 * John Ford Coley (born 1948), American singer and musician
 * Stacy Coley (born 1994), American football player
 * Trevon Coley (born 1994), American football player
 * William Coley (1862–1936), American surgeon and cancer researcher

title: Coley (surname)


text:
FK Minija Kretinga

FK Minija was a Lithuanian football team from town Kretinga.

History
Club founded in 1962. In soviet occupation period played in "A" klasė and Aukščiausia lyga (First tier).

The best season was in 1964, when team took third place in top division. In the same year team won Lithuanian football cup.

In Lithuanian Independence period team was in second or third tier.

In 2015 m. was in 16th position in Pirma lyga (second tier).

In 2016 m. had financial problems, in squad was lot of youngsters and team stayed at last position 16.

Achievements
A klasė: 0
 * Third place: 1964

Lithuanian Cup:
 * Winners - 1
 * 1964

Participation in LFF Cup
In 2009/2010 LFF Cup season FK Minija was defeated in the third round by FK Nevėžis 1 – 5

title: FK Minija Kretinga


text:
Luck (2022 film)

Luck is a 2022 animated fantasy comedy film directed by Peggy Holmes and co-directed by Javier Abad, from a screenplay written by Kiel Murray, and a story by Murray and the writing team of Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger, based on an original concept created by Rebeca Carrasco, Juan De Dios, and Julián Romero. Produced by Skydance Animation, the film features the voices of Eva Noblezada, Simon Pegg, Jane Fonda, Whoopi Goldberg, Flula Borg, Lil Rel Howery, Colin O'Donoghue, and John Ratzenberger. Set in the Land of Luck, the story follows the unluckiest person, Sam Greenfield (Noblezada), as she must unite with a talking black cat named Bob (Pegg) to turn her luck around.

The project was announced in July 2017, shortly after Skydance Animation was formed in March 2017, with Paramount Pictures distributing as the schedule for March 2021. Luck was subsequently green-lighted by Paramount Animation chief Mireille Soria in April 2018, with Alessandro Carloni signing on to direct the film, from a script by Aibel and Berger. The film underwent many changes during production, such as rewrites, directors, and release dates, and Holmes was later announced as the new director in January 2020, replacing Carloni. Much of the main voice cast, including Noblezada and Pegg, signed on in January 2022, following the casting of Fonda and Goldberg in February and June 2021, respectively. Production was done remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Luck premiered in Madrid on August 2, 2022, and was released on Apple TV+ and in select theaters in the United States on August 5. The film received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for the voice acting, music, and animation, but criticism for the worldbuilding and plot.

Plot
Sam Greenfield, an orphaned young woman with a life plagued by misfortune, is forced out from her foster home, much to the dismay of her younger friend Hazel, who is hoping to be adopted soon. One night, after sharing food with a black cat, Sam finds a penny she hopes to give to Hazel for her collection of lucky items that may help her get adopted. The next day, Sam notices that the penny has made her luck improve. However, she loses the penny by inadvertently flushing it down a toilet.

While bemoaning her error, Sam encounters the cat again and says what happened, which causes the cat to berate her for losing the penny. Shocked, Sam follows the cat through a portal to the Land of Luck, where creatures like leprechauns create good luck for the people on Earth. The cat, named Bob, needs the penny for traveling purposes and will be banished if word gets out that he lost it. Bob and Sam make a deal to get another penny from the Penny depot for Hazel to use before returning it to Bob. Bob uses a button from Sam to pass off as a penny while she sneaks into the Land of Luck using clothes belonging to Bob's personal leprechaun, Gerry. Throughout the journey, Sam comes to learn that bad luck is managed underneath the Land of Luck.

Following a disaster at the Penny depot which causes Gerry to learn about Sam's identity, Gerry uses a drone to retrieve the missing penny on Earth. However, the drone gets lost in the In-Between, a space between the Good and Bad Luck lands. Sam and Bob go to the In-Between, which is managed by a unicorn named Jeff. Jeff manages the Bad Luck Apparat, a machine that keeps bad luck specks from sticking which feeds the Randomizer, another machine that sends both good and bad luck into Earth. Jeff reveals that he found the penny and has returned it to the depot. Undeterred, Sam decides to visit Babe, the dragon who manages the good luck, in hopes to get another penny. Babe tells Sam how better things would be if everyone had good luck before giving her a new penny. But Sam sacrifices her penny after Bob is caught for faking his travel penny to spare him from banishment.

Still wanting to help Hazel, Sam and Bob decide to temporarily shut down the Bad Luck Apparat to prevent bad luck from going to the Randomizer and give Hazel the luck she needs to get adopted. However, the bad luck specks start to clog Jeff's machines and destroy the good luck and bad luck stones within the Randomizer, which itself brings bad luck to the Land of Luck and Earth. Seeing Hazel did not get adopted because of this, learning that Bob is actually an unlucky English cat and having been found out as a human, Sam sulks in remorse. Bob apologizes and says that Hazel is the luckiest girl for having Sam at her side. Sam realizes things can be fixed because she remembers seeing some good luck in Bad Luck land while on her way to the In-Between.

In Bad Luck, they find it in a tiki bar where the bartender, a root monster named Rootie, who is Bob's old friend, gives them a jar of good luck they have been using. They take it to Babe to forge new good and bad luck stones. However, while creating a bad luck stone, Babe makes two good luck stones, wanting to create a world with only good luck. Before she can place them, Sam tells Babe people need bad luck as much as good luck. Realizing her mistake, she allows Sam to place the bad luck stone, and good luck is restored to normal, where Sam sees Hazel getting adopted by a new family. Bob is offered to keep his job at the Land of Luck, but decides he wants to live with Sam.

One year later, on Earth, Hazel's family spends time with Sam and Bob, who have accepted their bad luck.

Voice cast

 * Eva Noblezada as Sam Greenfield, an unlucky human who discovers the Land of Luck and must unite with magical creatures there to turn her luck around
 * Simon Pegg as Bob, an unlucky anthropomorphic, short haired black cat with a Scottish accent who becomes Sam's partner for the journey
 * Jane Fonda as Babe, a female dragon who acts as the exuberant CEO of Good Luck and undisputed luckiest ancient being in all the land
 * Whoopi Goldberg as The Captain, a leprechaun who acts as the Land of Luck's head of security
 * Flula Borg as Jeff, a German-accented unicorn who works as the facilities engineer maintaining the luck distributing machine
 * Lil Rel Howery as Marvin, Sam's upbeat boss who runs an arts and crafts shop
 * Colin O'Donoghue as Gerry, a leprechaun who works with Bob
 * John Ratzenberger as Rootie, a root monster who runs a tiki bar and the self-appointed Mayor of Bad Luck
 * Grey DeLisle as Mrs. Rivera, Saoirse, the Penny Depot boss and additional voices
 * Suzy Nakamura as a social worker
 * Kwaku Fortune as Gael
 * Adelynn Spoon as Hazel, Sam's best friend and roommate at the Summerland Home For Girls
 * Kari Wahlgren as Hazel's adoptive mother and Aine
 * Nick Thurston as Hazel's adoptive father
 * Thurston also voices a nosy cat
 * Chris Edgerly as a typing Bunny
 * Moe Irvin as Phil the Pig Foreman
 * Fred Tatasciore as Quinn, Fred and additional voices

Development
In March 2017, Skydance Media formed a multi-year partnership with Madrid-based animation studio Ilion Animation Studios, forming an animation division called Skydance Animation. In July, it announced Luck. It would be distributed by Paramount Pictures as part of their deal with Skydance Media and was given a release date of March 19, 2021. In April 2018, Luck was greenlit by then-Paramount Animation chief Mireille Soria, and Alessandro Carloni signed on to direct the film, from a script by Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger based on an original concept by Rebeca Carrasco, Juan De Dios and Julián Romero. Luck had been in development at Ilion before forming its deal with Skydance. Skydance Animation hired former Pixar Animation Studios and Walt Disney Animation Studios CCO John Lasseter in late January 2019, as Head of Animation.

Following Lasseter's hiring, Soria announced that Paramount Animation would no longer work with Skydance Animation. Luck was still going to be released by Paramount Pictures without Paramount Animation until Apple TV+ acquired the distribution rights to it in December 2020. Apple Original Films would replace Paramount as a production company. On January 14, 2020, Carloni was replaced by Peggy Holmes, who had previously directed Secret of the Wings (2012) and The Pirate Fairy (2014) for Lasseter, as the film's director. Kiel Murray, screenwriter for Cars (2006) and Cars 3 (2017), was also hired to rewrite the screenplay, turning it into a workplace fantasy comedy similar to Monsters, Inc. through Aibel and Berger were still credited for the story co-written by Murray.

One of the core inspirations when researching the myths about luck is the main character Sam, having her in foster care to find her forever family. The main inspiration for Sam and her unluckyness came from television shows such as I Love Lucy and The Carol Burnett Show, along with other inspiration from Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton and Donald O'Connor. In researching luck, workers at Skydance Animation discovered how obsessed people are with the concept, along with some interesting reversals, including how it became random by good and bad luck. For example, black cats are considered good luck in Scotland, which led them to create Bob. By the end of the film, he is revealed to be English as black cats are considered bad luck in England. The land of Luck was designed by production designer Fred Warner to explain both sides being put of a coin.

Casting
In April 2019, Emma Thompson was hired to voice a character in the film, but left the project after Lasseter was hired. In February 2021, Jane Fonda was cast as The Dragon, and in June, Whoopi Goldberg was cast as The Captain. Other cast members were announced in January 2022, including Eva Noblezada, Simon Pegg, Flula Borg, Lil Rel Howery, Colin O'Donoghue, John Ratzenberger and Adelynn Spoon.

Animation
Animation was provided by Skydance Animation Madrid (formerly Ilion Animation Studios) and was also made in Los Angeles and Connecticut. Portions of production were done remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Music
Tanya Donelly and Mt. Joy were originally attached to compose the score for the film, while William J. Caparella served as lead editor. However, on November 15, 2021, it was announced that composer John Debney replaced them as composer. Noblezada did a cover of "Lucky Star" with additional vocals by Alana Da Fonseca, for the film's soundtrack by Milan Records.

Release
Luck was released to Apple TV+ and in select theaters in the United States on August 5, 2022. The film was originally set to be released in theaters on March 19, 2021 by Paramount Pictures, but was delayed to February 18, 2022. On May 8, 2020, Skydance Animation president Holly Edwards revealed that the rough cut would have test screenings late in the summer of 2020. On December 16, 2020, Apple TV+ secured the distribution rights to the film, with it retaining the February date, before getting delayed to its current release date.

Critical response
Peter Bradshaw from The Guardian rated the film two stars out of five, describing the script as "utterly zingless and contorted" and writing, "Everything about this robotically made movie looks derivative and contrived; the videogame aesthetic is dull and the quirky high concept plays like a pound-shop knockoff of Inside Out and Soul." John Anderson of The Wall Street Journal wrote, "The bigger problem is there are too many ideas, and fantastical solutions to manufactured problems, most of which feel as if they're being made up as the movie goes along." IndieWire's David Ehrlich gave it a D+ grade, calling it "is a terrible idea for a movie, executed poorly, and by someone who used to know better. The best thing I can say about the finished product is that, unlike most forms of bad luck, this one is wonderfully easy to avoid altogether."

The Sydney Morning Herald's Paul Byrnes gave the film 3/5 stars, writing, "It has lively physical humour and appealing characters. The Scottish cat is a laugh, and the overall voice cast is distinguished, with Jane Fonda and Whoopi Goldberg in significant roles... But at 106 minutes, it's at least 15 minutes too long, with a complicated story that should have been smoothed out in development." The Daily Telegraph's Robbie Collin gave it 4/5 stars, calling it "a funny, imaginative, beautifully rendered coming-of-age parable, with strong overtones of Monsters, Inc. and Inside Out."

Short film
On March 17, 2023, in celebration of St. Patrick's Day, Apple TV+ released a short film titled Bad Luck Spot!, directed by Matt Youngberg. It shows the Hazmat bunnies trying to get rid of a single bad luck crystal.

title: Luck (2022 film)


text:
Talk:Cedric Edgar

Added a public domain image from the Australian War Memorial site. Egmason (talk) 06:29, 26 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cedric Edgar


text:
-ava

Suffix

 * 1) Used to form nouns from verbs, sometimes from adjectives.

Etymology
and.

Etymology
, from and. Compare 🇨🇬.

title: -ava


text:
1979 Kansas Jayhawks football team

The 1979 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Eight Conference during the 1979 NCAA Division I-A football season. After a four year absence, Don Fambrough returned as the team's head coach, and the Jayhawks compiled a 3–8 record (2–5 against conference opponents), tied for fifth place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 346 to 172. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.

The team's statistical leaders included Brian Bethke with 874 passing yards, Harry Sydney with 541 rushing yards, and David Verser with 463 receiving yards. Brian Bethke, Mike Gay, and Monty Carbonell were the team captains.

title: 1979 Kansas Jayhawks football team


text:
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Language/February 2015

= February 2 = Reference_desk/Archives/Language/2015 February 2

 * 1) Identify Chinese vs. Japanese

= February 3 = Reference_desk/Archives/Language/2015 February 3

 * 1) How should I say "each of which", "by which", and the like, in spoken English (say English of teenagers and likewise)?
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= February 4 = Reference_desk/Archives/Language/2015 February 4

 * 1) How do you pronounce Carmen followup
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= February 5 = Reference_desk/Archives/Language/2015 February 5

 * 1) hydroponics, hydroculture, huh?
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 * 3) Strongest word for evil in the English

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= February 8 = Reference_desk/Archives/Language/2015 February 8

 * 1) How (if possible) to accurately write a name in Egyptian Hieroglyphics

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 * 1) "The law" and street name signs
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 * 1) Chinese tattoo: translation

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 * 1) In English, why are boats, ships, cars, and churches female?
 * 2) Transcription dilemma

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 * 1) Name translations
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 * 1) Gars and Sharks?
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 * 1) Pronunciation of "Catholicism"
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= February 21 = Reference_desk/Archives/Language/2015 February 21

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= February 22 = Reference_desk/Archives/Language/2015 February 22

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 * 2) cuckoo sign

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text:
1962–63 Bowling Green Falcons men's basketball team

The 1962–63 Bowling Green Falcons men's basketball team was an NCAA University Division college basketball team competing in the Mid-American Conference. They finished with 19 wins and 8 losses, and in conference play, they led the MAC with 9 wins and 3 losses. In the 1963 NCAA tournament, they beat Notre Dame in the Mideast regional quarterfinal before falling to Illinois in the regional semifinal.


text:
Top-rated United States television programs of 2010–11

This table displays the top-rated primetime television series of the 2010–11 season as measured by Nielsen Media Research.