text:
Macroeconomics/Economic Activity

'Economic activity' is a very broad term, and can be measured in a number of ways. In general, it means the level of activity, the number of transactions, the value of those transactions and the overall output or goods and services produced within an economy.

Gross Domestic Product
The most commonly used statistic is "Gross Domestic Product (GDP)". GDP is the total money value of all the final goods and services produced in an economy in a given year. However, there are difficulties associated with using GDP, such as inflation - the money value of an economy's products will increase even if there is no real growth, as inflation reduces the value (or purchasing power) of money. So, GDP is often adjusted for inflation, the result being called real GDP.

For example, if the GDP of an economy in 2004 is 1 trillion, and the next year is 1.1 trillion, the change in GDP is 10%. However, if inflation rate is 5% then the change in real GDP is somewhat less than that.

 * see also: Gross domestic product on Wikipedia

Graphical Models of the Economy

 * 1) Using the Circular Flow Diagram/Model (C.F.D./C.F.M.) we can "top" the flow using
 * 2) * Expenditure
 * 3) * Income
 * 4) * Output
 * 5) We should obtain the same figure using any of the three methods theoretically. However, there are difficulties in reality, e.g. statistical discrepancy: systematic of accidental errors in data gathering.
 * 6) All these methods can be used. "Incomes received" is most frequently used.

Shortcomings of GDP
GDP is not a perfect measure. The following points are some examples of shortcomings of GDP.

Shortcomings in measuring total production

 * Production in the shadow economy, or black market is not included in GDP.
 * Household production is not included.

Shortcomings in measuring well-being

 * The value of leisure is not included in GDP.
 * Production causes pollution and other negative effects to environments, but these negative impacts are not measured by GDP.
 * Increase in crime may require extra government spending, which increases GDP. However, increase in crime reduces well-being. Therefore, GDP is inaccurate in measuring well-being in this aspect.

Gross

 * Total with no adjustment for inflation, taxation or wear and tear. For example, "I have gross earnings of 40,000, before paying income tax."

Depreciation

 * The rate at which things fall in value over time. This may be a result of wear and tear, or obsolescence. For example, cars often rapidly depreciate after a few years.

Net
→ NET = GROSS - rate of DEPRECIATION
 * allowance has been made for wear and tear or obsolescence.
 * For example: I have a car worth 20,000. If it depreciates at a rate of 10% per annum, after one year it is worth 20,000 - 2,000 = 18,000

Domestic

 * activity within a country's economy from production units located within it, regardless of ownership.

National
→ NATIONAL = DOMESTIC + NET INCOME FROM OVERSEAS
 * activity resulting from production units owned by citizens of a country, regardless of location.

Market Prices

 * The amount of money that a willing buyer pays to acquire something from a willing seller, when a buyer and seller are independent and when such an exchange is motivated by only commercial consideration. This price is also known as the equilibrium price.

Factor cost
→ FACTOR COST = MARKET PRICES - (INDIRECT TAXES + SUBSIDIES)
 * total cost of the factors of production to produce an item, distinct from the market price. It ignores any indirect taxes and subsidies

National Income

 * National income is the sum of the incomes that all individuals in the economy earned in the forms of wages, interest, rents, and profits. It excludes government transfer payments and is calculated before any deductions are taken for income taxes.

Current prices

 * at existing price levels, i.e. Money G.D.P.
 * also known as nominal prices

Constant prices

 * values taken at a base year to remove the effects of inflation, i.e. Real G.D.P.

title: Macroeconomics/Economic Activity


text:
Talk:Alan Wood (engineer)

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Alan Wood (engineer)


text:
John Cullen (field hockey)

John Cameron Cullen (born 14 September 1937) is a former field hockey player from New Zealand. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1964 Summer Olympics.

title: John Cullen (field hockey)


text:
Jim Matthews (writer)

James William Matthews (26 September 1895 – 26 March 1982), was a New Zealand newspaper editor, gardening writer, and horticulturist. In the 1940s, he founded the monthly magazine New Zealand Gardener.

Biography
Matthews was born in Ahaura, the son of Elizabeth Agatha (Pothan) Matthews and James Lindsay Matthews, a butcher. He attended Wairoa School in Hawke’s Bay. Between 1915 and 1917, he served in the army, rising to sergeant major. In 1917, Matthews married Esme Elizabeth Hawke; they had a daughter and were divorced in the 1930s.

After World War I, Matthews joined Wellington's daily newspaper, The Dominion, as a junior reporter. Interested in horticulture, he wrote a weekly newspaper column under the pseudonym ‘The Hoe’. He also lectured on horticulture at Victoria University College, was a founding member of the Wellington Beautifying Society (which planted trees around the city), and gave frequent talks on gardening.

Matthews rose to become the paper's first news editor in 1934, remaining in that position for eight years. That same year, Barbara Winifred Silver joined the paper as a cadet reporter; they married in 1938 and had two sons, Lewis and Julian, who both also became horticulturalists and writers.

In 1941, the Matthews coauthored the very successful New Zealand Garden Dictionary, which went through multiple editions between 1941 and 1968. Four years later, they left the newspaper to become freelance writers on gardening and horticultural subjects. Jim started a new weekly column, "Garden with Matthews", that started out in the Dominion and later moved to the Evening Post. His eyesight failed in the late 1960s, at which point Barbara took over the column, writing it until 1987, though it continued to appear under his byline.

In 1944, Matthews founded a new monthly magazine, New Zealand Gardener. Because of wartime paper shortages, a special Act of Parliament was needed to authorize it, and this went through because it was thought that such a magazine would help with food shortages by spurring more people to grow their own vegetables. In addition to editing the magazine and writing for it, he authored several books on gardening subjects.

Matthews was interested in plant breeding and ran a flower business with Barbara that supplied Wellington flower shops with roses, proteas, and other blooms.

In 1964, Matthews was made an associate of honour of the Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture.

In the 1950s, Matthews and his family lived in Waikanae on a property where the garden had been designed by the landscape architect Alfred William Buxton.

Matthews died in Porirua in 1982.

Books

 * The New Zealand Garden Dictionary (1941, with Barbara Matthews)
 * Soil Fertility (1943)
 * Garden Treasures (1947)
 * Matthews on Gardening (1960)

title: Jim Matthews (writer)


text:
Introduction to Philosophy

Course: Introduction to Philosophy
|    Introduction |    Philosophical Problems |    Logic |    Reality |    Truth |    Self |    Mind |    Knowledge |    God |    Language |    Free will and Determinism |    Right and Wrong |    Justice |    Animals |    Politics |    Reality |    Science |    Art |    Death |    Meaning of Life

--

Welcome
Introduction to Philosophy is under development. How would you like to add to it and aid its development?

This learning project introduces participants to philosophy, its major terms, themes and thinkers. Hopefully most of them will be interesting and enjoyable to you. Intro to Philosophy, like any "intro" to an academic topic, is always a little too broad. It is designed to give you the common foundation that anyone taking philosophy courses should have. Unlike more advanced philosophy courses, the reading should be relatively less challenging, and only be to get you ready for the real philosophy stuff.

There are different approaches in philosophy like idealism, realism, positivism and linguistic analysis for solution of philosophical problems. Kantian distinction of noumena and phenomena leads to fundamentally different fields of knowledge. Categories of understanding limit itself to "what can be know objectively" and the other field of knowledge beyond this objective thinking and that is the field of pure reason where subject progresses to sublime experiences. Such case be can be seen in context of Hegel's rationalism and Kierkegaardian subjectivity. Hegelian 'real is rational' does not provide acceptance for individual experiences. Kierkegaard suggests that objectivity can be attained in case of science but it is not the case with human existence. kierkegaardian hero is tragic being who wants to live subjectively but the moral obligation becomes so big to neglect. On the contrary Abraham the knight of faith could live up on the ground of subjectivity. Further development of philosophy in post modernism all rejects continuity and reasonability of rational thinking in solution of all human problems. so Philosophy is the study of different approaches of thought within that phenomena where they flourish.

Overview
Intro to Philosophy deals with typical topics while trying to improve and innovate:

 * 1) Pre-Socratics (Anaxamander, Heraclitus, several important others)
 * 2) What is Philosophy? (Questioning(Socratic Method)/Philo Sophia(Love of Wisdom)/Philosopher opposed to the Sophist)
 * 3) Everything after Plato (done very quickly)

Objectives
An intro course should prepare students for 300 level courses in the subject. Such courses in Philosophy assume basic knowledge and demand intense, challenging reading. Therefore, this course should give you the basic fundamentals that the higher Philosophy courses can build on. Typically, these are (among others):

What thinking was there before Socrates? How was Socrates different, a turning point? What about all that stuff since then?

Learning materials and learning projects are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a link to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the main namespace) and start writing!

You should also read about the Learning model. Lessons should center on learning activities for Wikiversity participants. Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple projects. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.

Philosophy, from the greek philos (friend, lover) and sophia (knowledge, wisdom), etymologically means "the love of wisdom." The term originally comes from classical Greece, and was originally used by Socrates because he, as opposed to the wise men of his time, said that he did not know anything, but that he loved and was seeking out knowledge.

I only know that I don't know anything, and even of that I am not sure --Socrates The task of the philosopher is to explore possibilities of belief and understanding in existence, and to develop critical thinking skills on the deepest, most profound issues. Curiosity is the hallmark of a good philosopher. Philosophy asks the ultimate questions about the universe, questions which seem to have no provable answers. Is there a God? Can anything be real? What is existence? These questions are often asked in Metaphysics, a branch of Philosophy. What is right?, what is really justice? A popular topic often discussed in Philosophy. What makes something beautiful, pretty, ugly, cute? Initial questions asked in Aesthetics. These are questions which have been asked since the dawn of time. They have all asked BIG questions, some have got answers, some haven't. But we still ask these questions to get better answers and to better our knowledge about the world. These questions will build a base, to what you will need to understand more difficult works in philosophy. To do philosophy, you need an open mind. To start philosophy I would recommend reading "Sophie's World." It is a great introduction and will really get you thinking! Enjoy!

-

"Sophie's World" is a high school-level fiction book, which was on my high school's summer reading list several years back. "Philosophy: The Basics" by Nigel Warburton also skims philosophical arguments (like "Sophie's World"), but in a non-fiction format.

This is the "Chapter 1 God" listing in its Table of Contents: 1 God - - 11 The Design Argument - - 12 Criticisms of the Design Argument - - 13 The Anthropic Principle - - 16 Criticism of the Anthropic Principle - - 16 The First Cause Argument - - 17 ...

The author (Warburton) cites who supports/supported each argument or criticism. Hume, Pascal, Kant, and others are name dropped in that respect. Read "Philosophy: The Basics" if you're not in the mood for fiction.

--all_one 5-5-06

<Home

Active participants
Active participants in this Learning Group
 * Seapal.
 * Anderswohin
 * ObubbledO.
 * Hei314

Socrates
Some think of Socrates as philosophy's hero. He was a citizen of Athens, a city-state in Ancient Greece.

The Socratic Problem:

Forming a historical picture of Socrates is problematic. There are no known text which Socrates authored. We learn about him through his students and contemporaries.

The Socrates that appears in Plato's dialogues is used as an example of philosophy. Socrates typically "plays dumb" (called Socratic irony) and the person he is speaking to does not seem to notice. In this way, Socrates leads the person, by asking them questions, to realize they really knew nothing. This "teaching by questioning" is referred to as the Socratic method. Over and over, the wisest, most famous and successful celebrities of Ancient Greece are revealed to know nothing when they agree to enter into a dialogue with Socrates.

This persistent, "wise" questioning is often presented as an example of a Philosopher. Socrates was a Philosopher, and these other people (professional teachers of rhetoric at the time) are called sophists, the most famous being Gorgias.

Plato (or Socrates) criticizes the sophism of Gorgias and other rhetoricians.

Read Plato's dialogue Gorgias to see how he criticizes him. That should really be enough for now. Leave the "pre-socratics" and the motivations of Plato and life story of Socrates for some other time.

--Seapal 19:34, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

Aristotle's The Rhetoric
Aristotle was a student of Plato (and Plato was a student of Socrates). Plato's (or Socrates') ideas about truth (from The Gorgias) should be contrasted with Aristotle's break from Plato in this matter (see The Rhetoric). They both have every different concepts of truth (or "epistemologies"--ways of knowing--epistemology is the term for the branch of philosophy for the study of truth).

Aristotle, in a kind of handbook made from lecture notes by his students we call The Rhetoric, says something very different than Plato/Socrates about the value of rhetoricians (or sophists).

(unfinished) --Seapal 19:34, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

Online - translation by W. Rhys Roberts

<Home

Activities

 * Listen to one of these shows and then add related content to Wikiversity.
 * Define philosophy.
 * etc.

References and Further Reading

 * Introduction To Philosophy An online text by Philip A. Pecorino.
 * Introduction to Philosophy
 * Introduction to Philosophical Logic

Additional helpful readings include:

Each activity has a suggested associated background reading selection. Gorgias is a dialog in which Socrates questions a practitioner of rhetoric, Gorgias, in an attempt to discover what rhetoric is.

 * Gorgias
 * Study guide:
 * etc.

title: Introduction to Philosophy


text:
Nuneham Courtenay

Nuneham Courtenay is a village and civil parish about 5 mi SSE of Oxford. It occupies several miles close to the east bank of the River Thames.

Geography
The parish is bounded to the west by the River Thames and on other sides by field boundaries. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 200. The parish is on a light escarpment running north-east to south-west. Its highest point is a small knoll 100 metres above sea level, about 500 metres from the village (in Harcourt Arboretum, part of a larger woodland). Between these points is Windmill Hill where no evidence of a windmill survives. The minimum elevation is 52m to 53m along the Thames which follows the line of the central eminent land. Most of the Bluebell Wood nature reserve is on the eastern slopes, across Marsh Baldon's straight and touching boundary. The parish covers about 2 km north to the same south-west of the point shown and just over 1% of South Oxfordshire's 67.85 km2. Its population was 0.15% of the district's total of 134,257. The Oxford Green Belt Way passes through the parish.

History
The toponym was Newenham from the 11th century on, until it was changed to "Nuneham" in 1764.

Roman
Just southeast of Lower Farm, about 1+1/2 mi northwest of the present Nuneham Courtenay village, is the site of a former Romano-British pottery kiln. The kiln was about 1+1/2 mi west of the Roman road that linked the Roman towns at Dorchester on Thames and Alchester. It began production about AD 100, producing a wide range of fine wares in the 2nd century and increased its product range in the 3rd century. It then declined, and in about the middle of the 4th century it ceased production. The remains of the kiln were discovered in 1991 during excavations to lay a new water main for Thames Water.

Newenham—Nuneham Manor
Some time between the Norman conquest of England in 1066 and the completion of the Domesday Book in 1086 William the Conqueror granted the manor of Newenham to one of his Normans barons, Richard de Courcy. It remained in his family until the death of his great-grandson, William (III) de Courcy in 1176. It then passed from William de Courcy's widow Gundreda via her female heirs to Baldwin de Redvers, 7th Earl of Devon. Baldwin died without an heir, so Newenham again passed to a female "overlord", Isabella de Fortibus, Countess of Devon. She too died without an heir, but in 1310 King Edward II granted Newenham to Hugh de Courtenay, 9th Earl of Devon. Newenham remained in the Courtenay family until the latter part of the 14th century, when Sir Peter de Courtenay, son of Hugh de Courtenay, 10th Earl of Devon sold his inheritance of the estate to Sir Hugh Segrave.

Under the terms of the sale Margaret de Bohun, 2nd Countess of Devon retained the use of Newenham Courtenay for life. However, Sir Hugh Segrave died in 1386 and the Countess outlived him, so upon her death in 1391 the manor passed to Segrave's aunt's grandson, Sir John Drayton, who was Member of Parliament for Oxfordshire (October 1404) and Gloucestershire (1410). Sir John died in 1417 leaving the manor to his widow Isabel, younger daughter of Sir Maurice Russell (died 1416) of Dyrham, Gloucestershire and Kingston Russell, Dorset. Isabel then married, her 4th husband, Stephen Hatfield. After some legal problems concerning the title to the manor, in 1425 Isabel and Hatfield sold the reversion of the manor, reserving a life interest to themselves, to Thomas Chaucer (c. 1367–1434 or 1435), son of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer and Speaker of the House of Commons on five occasions between 1407 and 1421. Upon Isabel's death in 1437, Newenham Courtenay passed to Alice Chaucer, daughter of Thomas Chaucer. Alice was married to William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk. The manor remained in the de la Pole family until 1502, when Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk was outlawed and forfeited his lands for allegedly plotting a Yorkist rebellion against Henry VII.

In 1514 Henry VIII made his brother-in-law Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk, and granted him the forfeited de la Pole estates. In 1528 Brandon conveyed Newenham Courtenay to Cardinal Wolsey, but the following year King Henry VIII deposed Wolsey. The manor was administered by royal stewards until 1544, when it was bought by John Pollard. Pollard lived at Newenham Courtenay until his death in 1557. He left the use of the manor to his widow Mary, with the estate to pass to two of his male relatives upon her death. Dame Mary, however, remarried in 1561 and lived to be over 100, outliving the heirs whom Pollard had appointed. She eventually died in 1606 and the estate passed to a younger John Pollard. John transferred Newenham Courtenay to his son Lewis, but both men were in debt and in 1634 Lewis sold the estate to the wealthy lawyer Hugh Audley.

In 1640, Audley sold Newenham Courtenay to Robert Wright, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry. Wright supported Archbishop Laud, for which Parliament imprisoned him. He died in 1643 and his son Calvert inherited Newenham Courtenay. Calvert wasted his father's fortune, sold Newenham Courtenay in 1653, was imprisoned as a debtor, and died in the King's Bench Prison in Southwark in 1666. Calvert Wright's buyer was Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet, of London, a City of London businessman who reported that it cost him more to clear the debts of Newenham Courtenay than to buy the estate. Robinson left the estate to his two daughters, who in 1710 sold it to Sir Simon Harcourt of Stanton Harcourt. Sir Simon was created Viscount Harcourt in 1721 and died in 1727. He was succeeded by his grandson Simon Harcourt, 2nd Viscount Harcourt, who was created 1st Earl Harcourt in 1749. Upon the death of William Harcourt, 3rd Earl Harcourt in 1830 the earldom became extinct, and the estate, now called Nuneham Courtenay, passed to the first Earl's nephew Edward Venables-Vernon, Archbishop of York, who then changed his name to Venables-Vernon-Harcourt. Manorial rights were in England abated in the 19th century. The estate remained in the family until 1948, when William Edward Harcourt, 2nd Viscount Harcourt (1908–1979) sold what remained of the manor to the University of Oxford.

Nuneham House and Park
The rectory and manor house used to accompany a small village with a medieval parish church standing on the most sudden part of the village's river bluff, all with a westward view over the River Thames. The manor house may have dated from the 16th century. The 1st Earl demolished the house, medieval church, and 'tumble-down clay-built' cottages of the village, and built a new parish church with an entirely new Nuneham Courtenay village almost 1 mi north east to make way for his planned English style landscape park and new Nuneham House. The privately-owned, two-storey Old Rectory was built in 1759 on the northern boundary, by the first Earl. It was a Grade II listed building in 1963 as part of the "Nuneham Courtney Park and Garden".

New village
The new village comprised two identical rows of brick-built semi-detached cottages, each of a single main storey plus an attic floor with dormer windows. The two identical rows face each other across the main road from Oxford to Reading and Henley-on-Thames, which had been made a turnpike in 1736. (It has been classified the A4074 since the 20th century.) As the village population grew, additional cottages were added in similar styles early in the 19th century and again early in the 20th century. The old village had a village green. The new village has none, but was built to a spacious plan with gardens for every cottage and verges between them and the main road.

In the 1760s the Irish writer, poet and playwright Oliver Goldsmith witnessed the demolition of a medieval village and destruction of its farms to clear land to become a wealthy man's garden. His poem The Deserted Village, published in 1770, expresses a fear that the destruction of villages and the conversion of land from productive agriculture to ornamental landscape gardens would ruin the peasantry. The Deserted Village gave the demolished medieval village the pseudonym "Sweet Auburn" and Goldsmith did not disclose the real village on which he based it. He did, however, indicate it was about 50 mi from London and it is widely believed to have been Nuneham Courtenay.

New Nuneham House
The 'new' Nuneham House was designed by the architect Stiff Leadbetter in 1756. The design was changed and enlarged twice during construction, so that the house when completed in 1764 was far from the compact Palladian villa designed eight years earlier. The Poet Laureate William Whitehead was a visitor, and it was he who coined the change of spelling from "Newenham" to "Nuneham" in 1764. The Archbishop of York commissioned the architect Robert Smirke to make unaesthetic but functional extensions to the house in the 1830s. Further alterations to the house were made in 1904.

Gardens
The design of the original landscape garden park owed much to the poet and gardener the Rev. William Mason, who designed its formal flower garden in 1771. George Simon Harcourt, 2nd Earl Harcourt commissioned the renowned Lancelot "Capability" Brown to make alterations to the landscape garden park in 1779, and the house in 1781. The works were completed in the autumn of 1782, shortly before Brown's death. William Whitehead's poem The Late Improvements at Nuneham celebrated Brown's work. Brown had planned a Gothic Revival tower folly for a prominent site overlooking the Thames. In 1787, however, the University of Oxford dismantled Carfax Conduit, which had been built in 1617 in the centre of Oxford. The 2nd Earl re-erected the Conduit building in his park instead of the proposed tower.

In the 1830s Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt, Archbishop of York, destroyed William Mason's formal flower garden and most of the landscape park's sculptures. He bought and added adjacent land in Marsh Baldon parish to extend the park eastwards as far as the Oxford–Dorchester main road. On this new land he had the artist W.S. Gilpin design a Doric entrance lodge in the 1830s. The Archbishop had a pinetum botanical garden planted in 1835. In 1963 the arboretum became Harcourt Arboretum, part of the tree and plant collection of the University of Oxford Botanic Garden. It includes 10 acre of woodland and a 37 acre wildflower meadow.

Abingdon Abbey
Abingdon Abbey may have had a Saxon parish church in Newenham. If so, it was destroyed in the Danish invasions of the 10th century. There was then a parish church of All Saints that served the village from the Middle Ages until the 1760s, but little information about it survives. It was demolished in 1764 to make way for Earl Harcourt's landscaping plan (see above). Remains of two windows of the old church and one of the tombs were moved to Baldon House at nearby Marsh Baldon, where the windows were used to create a folly. The Earl removed monuments from both the churchyard and the church, demolished the church building and sold its ring of five bells. The English Baroque style monument to Anthony Pollard (died 1577) and Philippa Pollard (died 1606) was salvaged from the medieval church, and is now displayed in an open-fronted shelter outside the 'new' 1764 church, which is now a redundant church.

Old All Saints Church − 1764
Earl Harcourt had the next All Saints parish church, the Old All Saints Church, built in 1764 about 20 ft away from the medieval one's site. The Earl was an amateur architect and designed the church himself in the Neoclassical Greek Revival style, aided by the Neoclassicist James "Athenian" Stuart. It is a domed Palladian style temple. It is conventionally oriented, with its entrance on the west facade and altar in the east end, but also has a doorless Ionic portico on its north side overlooking the River Thames. The church is positioned on a slight rise on the river bluff to maximise its effect in the landscape park design. The removal of the village to a new site put the 1764 church almost 1 mi away by winding, partly wooded footpaths. Its austere Neoclassical Palladian design also became unpopular during the 19th-century Gothic Revival. A new church was completed in 1874, which left the 1764 church to become the Harcourt family chapel. In 1880 ornately-carved Italian fittings were added to its austere interior. The Churches Conservation Trust now cares for the building.

New All Saints' Church − 1874
In 1871 Edward Vernon Harcourt MP inherited Nuneham Courtenay. He had a new All Saints' Church built for the parish during 1872–74 that was closer to the relocated village. It was designed in the Early English Gothic Revival style by the architect C.C. Rolfe. All Saints' parish is now part of the Benefice of "Marsh Baldon St Peter and Toot Baldon St Lawrence with Nuneham Courtenay, The Baldons". In the 1970s the Old All Saints Church, Nuneham Courtenay, of classical design, was declared redundant.

Transport
There are sporadic records of one or more locks on the River Thames at Nuneham. One called "Bunselock" was referred to in 1279. In the 16th century the river seems to have had three locks at Nuneham. A map of 1707 shows a flash lock on the channel past a small island opposite the appropriately-named Lock Wood. In 1716 it was repaired at the expense of the first Viscount. By 1707 Nuneham Courtenay had a ferry linking it with Lower Radley across the river. This continued to operate after the 1st Viscount removed Nuneham Courtenay village (see above).

Education
In 1809 the Countess Harcourt opened a school for the village, run by a schoolmistress and supervised by the vicar. In 1835 a new school building was completed and in 1849 the National Society for Promoting Religious Education gave a grant to develop the building. At the end of the 19th century it was noted amongst village schools for the high quality of its education. In 1925 it was reorganised as a junior school; known to be open in 1957 it closed later that century. It fed into Dorchester's school.

title: Nuneham Courtenay


text:
Talk:Engineers Without Borders – USA

Comment
Article reads like an ad for the organization. NPOV issues need fixing. Tk-422 (talk) 15:47, 10 August 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Engineers Without Borders – USA


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/overlapfilms.com

Links

 * overlapfilms.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 1 additions.


text:
Everybody's Acting

Everybody's Acting is a lost 1926 American drama silent film directed by Marshall Neilan and written by Marshall Neilan, Benjamin Glazer and George Marion Jr. The film stars Betty Bronson, Ford Sterling, Louise Dresser, Lawrence Gray, Henry B. Walthall, Raymond Hitchcock and Stuart Holmes. The film was released on November 8, 1926, by Paramount Pictures.

Plot
"Doris Poole, whose parents were theatrical people, was orphaned as a child, and four members of the troupe adopted and raised her. When grown, she has become the leading lady in a San Francisco stock-company. She meets and falls in love with Ted, the millionaire son of a rich widow, but she thinks he is only a tax-cab driver. His mother objects to the romance and looks into Doris' past. She learns that her father had murdered, in a fit of jealousy, her mother, and tells Doris what she has found out. The four actors who had raised her had never told her how she happened to become an orphan. They persuade Ted's mother to send him on a voyage to the Orient in order to get him away from Doris. But they neglected to tell the mother they had also booked passage for Doris on the same ship."

Cast

 * Betty Bronson as Doris Poole
 * Ford Sterling as Michael Poole
 * Louise Dresser as Anastasia Potter
 * Lawrence Gray as Ted Potter
 * Henry B. Walthall as Thorpe
 * Raymond Hitchcock as Ernest Rice
 * Stuart Holmes as Clayton Budd
 * Edward Martindel as Peter O'Brien
 * Philo McCullough as Paul Singlton
 * Jed Prouty	as Bridwell Potter
 * Jocelyn Lee as Barbara Potter

title: Everybody's Acting


text:
User:Jimregan/C Primer chapter 1

Introduction to C; Functions; Control Constructs
The C programming language is sometimes referred to as a "middle-level" language. It provides low-level programming capability at the expense of some user-friendliness. Some cynics claim that "C combines the flexibility and power of assembly language with the user-friendliness of assembly language."

The original implementations of C were defined as described in the classic reference, The C Programming Language, by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie. This definition left a few things to be desired, and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) formed a group in the 1980s to tighten up the spec. The result was "ANSI C", which is the focus of this document.

An Introductory C Program
Here's a simple C program to calculate the volume of a sphere:

/* sphere.c */

#include                /* Include header file for printf. */  #define PI 3.141592654            /* Define a constant. */

float sphere( int rad );         /* Function prototype. */

void main                      /* Main program. */  {     float vol;                      /* Declare variable. */    int radius = 3;                 /* Declare and initialize variable. */    vol = sphere( radius );         /* Call function, get result, print it. */    printf( "Volume: %f\n", vol ); }

float sphere( int rad )          /* Function. */  {      float result;                   /* Local variable declaration. */    result = rad * rad * rad; result = 4 * PI * result / 3; return( result );              /* Result returned to main program. */  }

The first thing you'll figure out about this program are that comments are enclosed by "/*" and "*/". Comments can go almost anywhere, since the compiler ignores them. You'll also notice that most lines of statements in the program end with a ";" and that some do not. Either forgetting a ";" or adding one where it isn't needed is a common C programming bugs. Lines of code are grouped by using curly brackets ("{" and "}").

C is case-sensitive. All C keywords are in lower-case. You can declare program variable and function names in whatever case you want, but by convention they should be in lower case. Constants, more on this momentarily, are upper case by convention.

 * Not all the lines in a C program are executable statements. Some of the statements shown above are "preprocessor directives".

C compilation is a multi-pass process. To create a program, a C compiler system performs the following steps:

 * It runs the source file text through a "C preprocessor". All this does is perform various text manipulations on the source file, such as macro expansion, constant expansion, file inclusion, and conditional compilation
 * more on all these things later. The output of the preprocessor is a second-level source file for actual compilation. You can think of the C preprocessor as a sort of specialized "text editor".

 * Next, it runs the second-level source file through the compiler proper, which actually converts the source code statements into their binary equivalents. That is, it creates an "object file" from the source file.

The object file still cannot be executed, however. If it makes use of C library functions, such as "printf" in the example above, the binary code for the library functions has to be merged, or "linked", with the program object file. Furthermore, some addressing information needs to be linked to the object file so it can actually be loaded and run on the target system.

These linking tasks are performed by a "linker", which takes one or more object files and links them to binary library files to create an "executable" file that can actually be run. Note that you can create programs from a set of multiple object files using the linker.

C has a large number of libraries and library functions. C by itself has few statements, so much of its functionality is implemented as library calls.

Commands intended for the C preprocessor, rather than for the C compiler itself, start with a "#" and are known as "preprocessor directives" or "metacommands". The example program above has two such metacommands:

#include  #define PI 3.14

The first statement, "#include ", simply merges the contents of the file "stdio.h" to the contents of the current program file before compilation. The "stdio.h" file contains declarations required for use of the standard-I/O library, which provides the "printf" function.

Incidentally, the "stdio.h" file, or "header file", only contains declarations. The actual code for the library is contained in separate library files that are added at link time. You can create your own header files with your own declarations if you like, and include them as follows:

#include "mydefs.h"

Angle brackets are only used to define default header files that the C preprocessor can find in default directories.

A C program is built up of one or more functions. The program above contains two user-defined functions, "main" and "sphere", as well as the "printf" library function.

The "main" function is mandatory when writing a self-contained program. It defines the function that is automatically executed when the program is run. All other functions will be directly or indirectly called by "main".

You call a C function simply by specifying its name, with any arguments enclosed in following parentheses, with commas separating the arguments. In the program above, the "printf" function is called as follows:

printf( "Volume: %f\n", volume );

This invocation provides two arguments. The first -- "Volume: %f\n" -- supplies text and some formatting information. The second, "volume", supplies a numeric value.

A function may or may not return a value. The "sphere" function does, and so is invoked as follows:

volume = sphere( radius );

A function uses the "return" keyword to return a value. In the case of "sphere", it returns the volume of the sphere with the statement:

return( result );

All variables in a C program must be "declared" by specifying their name and type. The example program declares two variables for the "main" routine:

float volume; int radius = 3;

-- and one in the "sphere" routine:

float result;

The declarations of "volume" and "result" specify a floating-point, or real, variable. The declaration of "radius" specifies an integer variable. The declaration allows variables to be initialized when declared if need be, in this case declaring "radius" and assigning it a value of "3".

All three of these declarations define "local" variables. Local variables exist only within the functions that declare them. You could declare variables of the same name in different functions, and they would still remain distinct variables. You can also declare "global" variables that can be shared by all functions by declaring them outside the program's functions and then using the "extern" keyword within the functions to allow access to it.

/* global.c */

#include

void somefunc( void ); int globalvar;

void main {    extern int globalvar; globalvar = 42; somefunc; printf( "%d\n", globalvar ); }

void somefunc( void ) {    extern int globalvar; printf( "%d\n", globalvar ); globalvar = 13; }

You'll notice that besides the variable declarations, there is also a function declaration, or "function prototype", that allows the C compiler to check that any calls to the function are correct:

float sphere( int rad );

The function prototypes declare the type of value the function returns (the type will be "void" if it does not return a value), and the arguments that are to be provided with the function.

Finally, the "printf" library function provides text output capabilities for the program. You can use "printf" to print a simple message as follows:

printf( "Hello, world!" );

-- displays the text:

Hello, world!

Remember that "printf" doesn't automatically add a "newline" to allow following "printf"s to print on the next display line. If you execute:

printf( "Twas bryllig " ); printf( "and the slithy toves" );

-- you get the text:

Twas bryllig and the slithy toves

You must add a newline character ("\n") to force a newline. For example:

printf( "Hello,\nworld!" );

-- gives:

Hello, world!

These examples only print a predefined text constant. You can also include "format codes" in the string and then follow the string with one or more variables to print the values they contain:

printf( " Result = %f\n", result );

This would print something like:

Result = 0.5

The "%f" is the format code that tells "printf" to print a floating-point number. For another example, consider:

printf( "%d times %d = %d\n", a, b, a * b );

-- which would print something like:

4 * 10 = 40

The "%d" prints an integer quantity. Math or string expressions and functions can be included in the argument list.

If you simply want to print a string of text, you can use a simpler function, "puts", that displays the specified text and automatically appends a newline:

puts( "Hello, world!" );

Just for fun, let's take a look at what our example program would be like in the earlier versions of C:

/* oldspher.c */

#include   #define PI 3.141592654

float sphere;       /* Parameters not defined in function prototype. */

main {    float volume; int radius = 3;

volume = sphere( radius ); printf( "Volume: %f\n", volume ); }

float sphere( rad ) int rad;         /* Parameter type not specified in function header. */  {      float result;

result = rad * rad * rad; result = 4 * PI * result / 3; return result; }

The following sections elaborate on the principles outlined in this section. They may repeat information presented above for the sake of completeness.

C Functions in Detail
As noted previously, any C program must have a "main" function to contain the code executed by default when the program is run.

There can be as many functions as you like in the program, and all functions are "visible" to all other functions. For example, if you have:

/* fdomain.c */

#include

void func1( void ); void func2( void ); void main {    puts( "MAIN" ); func1; func2; }

void func1( void ) {    puts( "FUNC1" ); }

void func2( void ) {    puts( "FUNC2" ); func1; }

-- then "main" can call "func1" and "func2"; "func1" could call "func2"; and "func2" can call "func1". In principle, even "main" could be called by other functions, but there's no intelligent reason to do so. Although "main" is the first function in the listing above, there's no particular requirement that it be so, but by convention it always is.

Functions can call themselves recursively. For example, "func1" can call "func1" indefinitely, or at least until a stack overflow occurs. You cannot declare functions inside other functions.

Functions are defined as follows:

float sphere( int rad ) {      ...   }

They begin with a function header that starts with a return value type declaration ("float" in this case), then the function name ("sphere"), and finally the arguments required ("int rad").

ANSI C dictates that function prototypes be provided to allow the compiler to perform better checking on function calls:

float sphere( int rad );

For an example, consider a simple program that "fires" a weapon (simply by printing "BANG!"):

/* bango.c */

#include

void fire( void );

void main {    printf( "Firing!\n" ); fire; printf( "Fired!\n" ); }

void fire( void ) {    printf( "BANG!\n" ); }

Since "fire" does not return a value and does not accept any arguments, both the return value and the argument are declared as "void"; "fire" also does not use a "return" statement and simply returns automatically when completed.

Let's modify this example to allow "fire" to accept an argument that defines a number of shots. This gives the program:

/* fire.c */

#include

void fire( int n );

void main {    printf( "Firing!\n" ); fire( 5 ); printf( "Fired!\n" ); }

void fire( int n ) {    int i;     for ( i = 1; i <= n ; ++i ) {      printf( "BANG!\n" ); }  }

This program passes a single parameter, an integer, to the "fire" function. The function uses a "for" loop to execute a "BANG!" the specified number of times (more on "for" later).

If a function requires multiple arguments, they can be separated by commas:

printf( "%d times %d = %d\n", a, b, a * b );

The word "parameter" is sometimes used in place of "argument". There is actually a fine distinction between these two terms: the calling routine specifies "arguments" to the called function, while the called function receives the "parameters" from the calling routine.

When you list a parameter in the function header, it becomes a local variable to that function. It is initialized to the value provided as an argument by the calling routine. If a variable is used as an argument, there is no need for it to have the same name as the parameter specified in the function header.

For example:

fire( shots ); ... void fire( int n ) ...

The integer variable passed to "fire" has the name "shots", but "fire" accepts the value of "shots" in a local variable named "n". The argument and the parameter could also have the same name, but even then they would remain distinct variables.

Parameters are matched with arguments in the order in which they are sent:

/* pmmatch.c */

#include

void showme( int a, int b );

void main {    int x = 1, y = 100; showme( x, y ); }

void showme( int a, int b ) {    printf( "a=%d  b=%d\n", a, b ); }

This prints:

a=1 b=100

You can also modify this program to show that the arguments are not affected by any operations the function performs on the parameters, as follows:

/* noside.c */

#include

void showmore( int a, int b );

void main {     int x = 1, y = 100; showmore( x, y ); printf( "x=%d y=%d\n", x, y ); }

void showmore( int a, int b ) {     printf( "a=%d  b=%d\n", a, b ); a = 42; b = 666; printf( "a=%d b=%d\n", a, b ); }

This prints:

a=1 b=100 a=42 b=666 x=1 y=100

You can send arrays to functions as if they were any other type of variable:

/* fnarray.c */

#include   #define SIZE 10 void testfunc( int a[] ); void main {    int ctr, a[SIZE]; for( ctr = 0; ctr < SIZE; ++ctr ) {      a[ctr] = ctr * ctr; }    testfunc( a ); }  void testfunc( int a[] ) {    int n;     for( n = 0; n < SIZE; ++ n ) {      printf( "%d\n", a[n] ); }  }

Although a novice programmer would not want to deal with such complications, it is possible to define functions with a variable number of parameters. In fact, "printf" is such a function. We won't worry about this issue further in this document.

The normal way to get a value out of a function is simply to provide it as a return value. This neatly encapsulates the function and isolates it from the calling routine. In the example in the first section, the function "sphere" returned a "float" value with the statement:

return( result );

The calling routine accepted the return value as follows:

volume = sphere( radius );

The return value can be used directly as a parameter to other functions:

printf( "Volume: %f\n", sphere( radius ) );

The return value does not have to be used; "printf", for example, returns the number of characters it prints, but few programs bother to check.

A function can contain more than one "return" statement:

if( error == 0 ) {    return( 0 ); }  else {    return( 1 ); }

You can place "return" anywhere in a function, and it does not have to return a value. Without a value, "return" simply causes the function to return control to the calling routine. This of course implies that the data type of the function be declared as "void":

void ftest( int somevar ) {     ...      if( error == 0 ) {       return; }     ...   }

If there's no "return" in a function, the function returns after it executes its last statement. Again, this means the function type must be declared "void".

The "return" statement can only return a single value, but this value can be a "pointer" to an array or a data structure. Pointers are a complicated subject and will be discussed in detail later. They can also be used to return values through an argument list.

C Control Constructs
C contains a number of looping constructs, such as the "while" loop:

/* while.c */

#include

void main {    int test = 10; while( test > 0 ) {      printf( "test = %d\n", test ); test = test - 2; }  }

This loop may not execute at all, if "test" starts with an initial value less than or equal to 0. There is a variant, "do", that will always execute at least once:

/* do.c */

#include

void main {    int test = 10; do     { printf( "test = %d\n", test ); test = test - 2; }    while( test > 0 ); }

The most common looping construct, however, is the "for" loop, which creates a loop much like the "while" loop but in a more compact form:

/* for.c */

#include   void main {    int test; for( test = 10; test > 0; test = test - 2 ) {      printf( "test = %d\n", test ); }

}

Notice that with all these loops, the initial loop statement does not end with a ";". If you did this with the "for" loop above, the "for" statement would execute to completion, but not run any of the statements in the body of the loop.

The "for" loop has the syntax:

for

All the elements in parentheses are optional. You could actually run a "for" loop indefinitely with:

for {    ...   }

-- although using an indefinite "while" is cleaner:

while( 1 ) {    ...   }

You can use multiple expressions in either the initialization or the modifying expression with the "," operator:

/* formax.c */

#include

void main {    int a, b;     for ( a = 256, b = 1; b < 512 ; a = a / 2, b = b * 2 ) {      printf( "a = %d  b = %d\n", a, b ); }  }

The conditional tests available to C are as follows:

a == b:  equals a != b:  not equals a < b:   less than a > b:   greater than a <= b:  less than or equals a >= b:  greater than or equals

The fact that "==" is used to perform the "equals" test, while "=" is used as the assignment operator, often causes confusion and is a common bug in C programming:

a == b:  Is "a" equal to "b"? a = b:   Assign value of "b" to "a".

C also contains decision-making statements, such as "if":

/* if.c */

#include   #define MISSILE 1

void fire( int weapon )

void main {    fire( MISSILE ); }

void fire( int weapon ) {    if( weapon == MISSILE ) {      printf( "Fired missile!\n" ); }    if( weapon != MISSILE ) {      printf( "Unknown weapon!\n"); }  }

This example can be more easily implemented using an "else" clause:

/* ifelse.c */

void fire( int weapon ) {    if( weapon == MISSILE ) {      printf( "Fired missile!\n" ); }    else {      printf( "Unknown weapon!\n"); }  }

Since there is only one statement in each clause, the curly brackets aren't really necessary. This would work just as well:

void fire( int weapon ) {    if( weapon == MISSILE ) printf( "Fired missile!\n" ); else printf( "Unknown weapon!\n" ); }

However, the brackets make the structure more obvious; prevent errors if you add statements to the conditional clauses; and the compiler doesn't care one way or another, it generates the same code.

There is no "elseif" keyword, but you can nest "if" statements:

/* nestif.c */

#include <stdio.h>  #define MISSILE 1 #define LASER 2

void fire( int weapon )

void main {    fire( LASER ); }

void fire( int weapon ) {    if( weapon == MISSILE ) {      printf( "Fired missile!\n" ); }    else {      if( weapon == LASER ) {        printf( "Fired laser!\n" ); }      else {        printf( "Unknown weapon!\n"); }    }   }

This is somewhat clumsy, however, and the "switch" statement does a cleaner job:

/* switch.c */

void fire( int weapon ) {    switch( weapon ) {    case MISSILE: printf( "Fired missile!\n" ); break; case LASER: printf( "Fired laser!\n" ); break; default: printf( "Unknown weapon!\n"); break; }  }

The "switch" statement tests the value of a single variable, which means that if you are testing multiple variables, or are testing for anything but equality to one of a list of values, you'll still have to use the "if" statement. The optional "default" clause is used to handle conditions not covered by the other cases.

Each clause ends in a "break", which causes execution to break out of the "switch". Leaving out a "break" can be another subtle error in a C program, since if it isn' there, execution flows right through to the next clause. However, this can be used to advantage. Suppose in our example the routine can also be asked to fire a ROCKET, which is the same as a MISSILE:

void fire( int weapon ) {    switch( weapon ) {    case ROCKET: case MISSILE: printf( "Fired missile!\n" ); break; case LASER: printf( "Fired laser!\n" ); break; default: printf( "Unknown weapon!\n"); break; }  }

The "break" statement is not specific to "switch" statements. It can be used to break out of other control structures, though good program design tends to avoid such improvisations:

/* break.c */

#include <stdio.h>

void main {    int n;     for( n = 0; n < 10; n = n + 1 ) {      if( n == 5 ) {        break;  /* Punch out of loop at value 5. */      }       else {        printf( "%d\n", n ); }    }   }

If the "for" loop were nested inside a "while" loop, a "break" out of the "for" loop would still leave you stuck in the "while" loop. The "break" keyword only applies to the control construct that executes it.

There is also a "continue" statement that allows you to skip to the end of the loop body and continue with the next iteration of the loop. For example:

/* continue.c */

#include <stdio.h>

void main {    int n;     for( n = 0; n < 10; n = n + 1 ) {      if( n == 5 ) {        continue; }      else {        printf( "%d\n", n ); }    }   }

Finally, there is a "goto" statement:

goto punchout; ...  punchout:

-- that allows you to jump to an arbitrary tag within a function, but the use of this statement is generally discouraged.

While these are the lot of C's true control structures, there is also a special "conditional operator" that allows you to perform simple conditional assigment of the form:

if( a == 5) {    b = -10; }  else {    b = 255; }

-- using a much tidier, if more cryptic, format:

b = ( a == 5 ) ? -10 : 255 ;

v2.0.7 / 1 of 7 / 01 feb 02 / greg goebel / public domain

title: User:Jimregan/C Primer chapter 1


text:
Top-rated United States television programs of 1988–89

This table displays the top-rated primetime television series of the 1988–89 season as measured by Nielsen Media Research.


text:
Talk:1957 in rail transport

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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title: Talk:1957 in rail transport


text:
1941 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team

The 1941 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team represented Iowa State Teachers College in the North Central Conference during the 1941 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Clyde Starbeck, the team compiled a 5–3 record (5–0 against NCC opponents), won the conference championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 151 to 29.

Four Panthers players were selected by the college sports editors to the 1941 All-North Central Conference football team: tackle Don Barnhart, guard Aaron Linn, center Bob Hunt, and halfback Gene Goodwillie.

Iowa State Teachers was ranked at No. 221 (out of 681 teams) in the final rankings under the Litkenhous Difference by Score System.


text:
Talk:RS Group plc

External links modified
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:16, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

London HQ in the 1970s & 80s
In all of your internet sites on the history of R S Components there is never any mention of your many years at Fitzroy House, Epworth Street in London, why is this? It's as if you are ashamed of it. It was largely instrumental in guiding the Company into becoming the global corporation it has become today and to forget this time you had there is very disrespectful to the many staff who worked there and were very proud to do so. Can this omission please be corrected? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:01, 7 November 2022 (UTC)

 * Hi - Do you have any reliable, published sources describing the activities there? Dormskirk (talk) 13:52, 7 November 2022 (UTC)

London HQ in the 1970s & 80s
Hi Dormskirk - I do have some published material on their time in London somewhere but it make take some time to find as its now 38 years since I worked there. I was, at the time the "Telephone Order Office" Manager and my wife was Secretary to a Senior Executive. To our knowledge Fitzroy House, Epworth Street in London was their main HQs for the 1970s through to 1984 when they relocated to Corby, Northants making hundreds of staff redundant. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:33, 7 November 2022 (UTC)

 * OK. But please read WP:RS: it needs to have been published and needs to be independent of the company. Dormskirk (talk) 20:57, 7 November 2022 (UTC)

R S Components London during 1970s / 80s
No, as I previously stated, published material would now be hard to find but I defy anyone to contradict my previous statements that they spent many years at Fitzroy House, Epworth Street London! <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:56, 8 November 2022 (UTC)

RS Components in London
Still no mention of their time at Fitzroy House, Epworth Street, London during the 1970s & up to 1984! <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:47, 9 November 2022 (UTC)

 * Hi - Please see WP:BURDEN. The burden is on you to provide reliable published sources. I don't have any. Dormskirk (talk) 10:04, 9 November 2022 (UTC)

R S In London
The burden should'nt be on me to provide evidence that they were in London at this time. That is common knowledge to any business that has been around for more than 5 minutes. I am asking for R S themselves to do the decent thing and aknowledge this time at Fitzroy House, Epworth Street, London EC2. THANKYOU. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:04, 11 November 2022 (UTC)
 * OK. No problem. Best wishes. Dormskirk (talk) 10:15, 11 November 2022 (UTC)

Logo change

 * What I think should be changed (include citations):

The RS Group plc logo has changed and needs to be updated as below. This can be verified at: https://www.rsgroup.com/

Old logo is now outdated. RobbieDunion (talk) 11:03, 2 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Why it should be changed:

 * Done. Dormskirk (talk) 23:55, 2 December 2022 (UTC)

RS IN LONDON
I'm still here and still waiting for a reply to my query over a year ago for somebody at RS Comps. to have the decency to explain why there is no mention in their history of their time at Fitzroy house in London during the 1970s and up to 1985! This is VERY disrespectful to the many loyal staff they had there. Can somebody please amend this? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:37, 21 January 2024 (UTC)

 * In the absence of any independently sourced information from anyone at the company, I have added a brief mention of Fitzroy House sourced from a 1979 publication titled the Teacher's Guide to Domestic Electricity. Dormskirk (talk) 23:07, 21 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Hi Dormskirk, re RS Comps. time at Fitzroy House, London, I now have to hand published proof of their time at this address but as it shows many members of staff who worked there at the time it may leave me open to certain legalities if I publish them. If you give me an address I Will happily snail mail it to you. Cheers. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:26, 22 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, you are quite right: we cannot use that because of data protection. Sorry. Dormskirk (talk) 15:27, 22 January 2024 (UTC)

RD Comps. Time at Fitzroy House, London.
then why did you ever ask??? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:05, 22 January 2024 (UTC)
 * A document which shows members of staff who worked there is unlikely to be a published document. However, if additional information from reliable, independent, published sources comes available we can still use that information. Dormskirk (talk) 17:10, 22 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:RS Group plc


text:
Canal Foot

 Canal Foot is an industrial village in Cumbria, England, on the Leven estuary. It is located 1.7 mi by road to the east of the centre of Ulverston. Its name comes from its location being where the Ulverston Canal meets the Estuary.

Canal Foot is best known for its massive GlaxoSmithKline Plant, located in the former North Lonsdale Ironworks which ceased production in 1938. Glaxo Smith bought the plant in 1947 and manufactures penicillin and streptomycin and other medicines. Also of note is the Bay Horse Hotel and Restaurant, which was a staging post for coaches crossing Morecambe Bay during the 18th century. It serves traditional Cumbrian cuisine. It has won several awards, including being named "Cumbrian Inn of the Year" by The Good Hotel Guide in 2008 and "Lake District Hotel of the Year" by Lake District and Lancashire Life in 2000. The point here is called Hammerside Point. Canal Foot is used by anglers, as the water nearby contains a good amount of flounders and some sea bass.

title: Canal Foot


text:
10x

10x or 10X may refer to:

 * 10x Management, an American talent management company
 * 10x Genomics, an American biotechnology company
 * Windows 10X, an abandoned edition of Microsoft's operating system
 * A grade of powdered sugar fineness
 * Zeolite 10X, a calcium-type molecular sieve with faujasite framework structure

title: 10x


text:
Artur Mägi

Artur Mägi (August 29, 1904 – November 9, 1981) was an Estonian legal scientist and the Chancellor of Justice of Estonia while it was in exile.

Biography
Mägi studied at the University of Tartu, Faculty of Law from 1923 to 1929.

In 1944, Mägi fled to Sweden with his wife.

From 1953 to 1963, Mägi served as a lecturer at the Estonian Scientific Institute (Eesti Teaduslik Instituut). He was also a member of the.

From 1949 to 1981, he held the position of Chancellor of Justice of Estonia while it was in exile.

Personal life
Mägi married Lydia Taevere in 1931.

title: Artur Mägi


text:
FOTM

FOTM may refer to:
 * FOTM - Friends of Old Time Music, an album featuring Roscoe Holcomb
 * FAQ of the month, a feature of the GameFAQs website

title: FOTM


text:
Icarus: Sanctuary of the Gods

Icarus: Sanctuary of the Gods, also known as simply Icarus, is a single player role-playing game or strategy RPG released for Microsoft Windows in 1998 by JC Research Inc. and KRGsoft. The game's graphics are rendered and put in three-quarter view.

Gameplay
This game has a turn-based battle system like traditional RPGs of its time. The player can move a certain number of tiles or steps in order to either use a physical attack, or use a magic spell or rest in order to regain mana, or use an item. Each character has their own class, and levels, as well as stats. Each character can gain levels and learn new skills that can aid them in battle. When the characters move is based on their speed stat. There is also some sort of inventory system. It also allows the player to walk around in some towns and talk to NPCs. You take control of eight different characters. There is also a money system as well as a buying item system that allows the player to purchase equipment and items with in game currency. Money can be found by performing certain quests as well as being found by opening certain chests in the game. Every mission is played in sequence in accordance to the story.

Plot
After deities fought over the land Icarus, a god named Tetheus won the battle and subsequently banished a god named Ercanet from Icarus. Ercanet, in revenge against the humans, who sided with Tetheus, has spread his vengeance across the land. The player plays as Dreus, a Coshark Mercenary who, after being saved by one of his mercenary comrades, vows revenge on an evil wizard, who is a henchmen of Ercanet who wiped out all of the other mercenaries. He and his fiancée head out to exact that revenge and rebuild the Coshark Mercenaries. Eventually, Dreus uncovers Ercanet's plan and has to travel to the underworld to save the world.

Critical reception
The game received mixed reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. GameSpot's Chris Gregson noted its sudden appearance after a drought of fantasy RPGs, as well as how extremely average it was. Christian Schock of Intelligamer recommended that their readers avoid the game. GameRevolution compared the game to other titles such as Fallout and Final Fantasy VII. It is also very heavily compared to Diablo or referred to as a Diablo clone. Next Generation stated that "eventually, the story becomes engrossing and the battles downright vicious. If you hang in there, the game is eventually worth your time."

title: Icarus: Sanctuary of the Gods


text:
Technical writing

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Technical Writing
'''We offer you Level 1 and Level 2 courses in technical writing, plus a workshop on writing system requirement specifications. We constantly update and restructure our content. We also welcome your active participation in building and improving this learning community.'''

We also offer additional levels, if you score enough points on the easier levels.

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 * An Introduction to Technical Writing

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 * Topics in Technical Writing

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title: Technical writing


text:
General Biology/Genetics/Gene Expression

Flow of genetic information
 * DNA → mRNA → polypeptide
 * Transcription: DNA → mRNA
 * RNA polymerase
 * Nucleus in eukaryotes
 * Transcription also makes rRNA and tRNA
 * Translation: mRNA → polypeptide
 * Ribosomes: protein and rRNA
 * Genetic code and tRNA

The Genetic Code

 * Triplet codon
 * 64 triplet codons (43)
 * Experimentally deciphered in 1961
 * Nearly universal
 * Implies common ancestor to all living things
 * Minor exceptions: certain ciliates, mitochondria, chloroplasts
 * Still evolving

Transcription

 * RNA polymerase
 * NTP substrates
 * Synthesizes single stranded RNA complementary to template strand of DNA
 * New nucleotides to 3’ end
 * Begins at promoter site
 * no primer necessary
 * Ends at terminator site
 * Much posttranscriptional modification in eukaryotes

Transcription bubble
Promoter site
 * Prokaryotes
 * -10 nt, TATA box
 * -35 nt, additional signal
 * Eukayotes
 * -25, TATAAA box
 * Additional signals upstream
 * Promoters may be strong or weak
 * In eukaryotes, access to promoter depends upon state of chromatin coiling

Eukaryote mRNA

 * Synthesized as pre-mRNA, processed in nucleus
 * 5’ end: GTP cap placed in inverted position
 * Essential for ribosome recognition
 * 3’ end: poly-A tail; non-templated addition of ~50-250 A nucleotides; stability
 * Introns: intervening sequences removed

Translation

 * Requires:
 * mRNA
 * tRNA
 * ribosomes
 * translation factors (various proteins)
 * In prokaryotes, takes place on growing mRNA
 * In eukaryotes, in cytoplasm on free ribosomes and RER
 * AUG start codon to stop codon

Translation in bacteria
tRNA
 * Transfer RNA
 * Two important parts
 * Anticodon
 * Hydrogen bonds with mRNA codon
 * 3’ end
 * Accepts amino acid (using energy of ATP)
 * Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Aminoacyl tRNA synthase

 * Enzyme used to bind amino acid from the cytoplasm to tRNA, which then transfers that amino acid to the ribosome for polypeptide formation

Translation

 * Initiation complex
 * Small ribosomal subunit
 * mRNA
 * fMet-tRNA (prokaryotes only; met-tRNA in eukaryotes)
 * Initiation factors
 * Elongation
 * Ribosome
 * mRNA
 * tRNAs
 * Elongation factors

Elongation, translocation

 * incoming tRNA enters the A site
 * rRNA catalyzes peptide bond formation. Note that growing peptide is attached to what was incoming tRNA at P site after translocation.
 * empty tRNA leaves via E site; recycled
 * A site ready for next charged tRNA

Introns/exons

 * In eukaryotes, coding regions of gene may be interrupted by introns, noncoding regions of DNA (RNA)
 * Introns
 * 22- >10,000 nt in length
 * 5’ GU … 3’ AG removal sequence
 * Not essential to genes
 * May constitute >90% of gene
 * removed from pre-mRNA to form mRNA
 * Exon: often codes for functional domain of protein
 * translatable mRNA


text:
Talk:Thermography

Range
Why if infrared light goes not just to 14 micrometers but to a hundred or thousand (thus, a milimiter) the thermography uses information to the 14 micrometers wavelength? Wikipedia shall explain that as it seems no source explains it... As far as I could understood for a close call in an astronomy site was that images showing near, mid and far serve different purposes but thermographs are heat-related and used for vision in the earth of less astral matters and the article claimed none is heat related (it used a variation which has near end at 11 micrometers and the range of the mid went well above the reach of thermographs thus really their explanation could not involve in any way the concept of it being both a kind of light and heat). The hottest object perceptible through infra-red light would emit what wavelength? These are the limits of this article that whoever can solve must if he or she wants to improve it. Herle King 21:27, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

infra red instrument line scaner infra image —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:08, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

The full spectrum of electromagnetic radiation is shown below.

Basically the higher the frequency (towards the left of the diagram) the hotter the temperature.

As can be seen, visible light falls in a very narrow range of the spectrum (from .3 to .7 micrometers) while the infrared range generally falls between 3 to 14 micronmeters in wavelength which is about 30 times the band width of visible light (for the purpose of infrared measurement). The range is a lot greater when taking near light and far infrared into account. The infrared spectrum starts at about 3 microns which corresponds to about 1000 degrees Kelvin (about 725 degrees Celsius) and stretches to about 14 micrometers which is about 240 degrees Kelvin or -50 degrees Celsius. The infrared spectrum is able to radiate down to almost -270 degrees Celsuis but that is out of the range of most cameras sold today which is the reason we block the spectrum in the range we see.

Hope this helps.Hotflashhome (talk) 02:13, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

blabla
hi, i'm in the middle of preparing a speech on thermography that is meant to go for at least 10 minutes. I am planning to crate some hand-outs, so i was wondering if you could tell me any sites that would have some really clear example photos

can some one mention the electronic surveillance application? <IP_ADDRESS> 18:52, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

Vandalism
I reverted vandalism to the See Also section. DLPanther 21:58, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

general structure of page
this page seems to be very unorganised and very "simple" for example "going to mars" —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jake Dove (talk • contribs) 19:54, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Pre-digital IR cameras
The article describes IR cameras from the Korean War. One of these apparently all-optical cameras is shown in the 1973 movie Gordon's War (though the image is not as informative as modern IR cameras). But how was it possible to form a visible image based on IR light before computers? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:57, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

- By using IR sensitive film. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:23, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Gordon's War refers to the Vietnam conflict and not Korea. During the 1960's there was a great expansion of the use of thermal systems in the military. The era saw the development of the earliest heat seeking missiles which used a thermal system similar to today's cameras. Today some of the thermal cameras are restricted from being removed from the country where they were purchased for fear that the technology will fall into the wrong hands.

Thermal systems were also used to spot campfires in the jungle to help the military to find the Viet Cong or NVA regulars as they operated at night in that environment. These systems were often mounted on spotter aircraft.

In the late 1960's the earliest commercial thermal cameras with their operating systems weighed 100's of pounds and required a small truck to move. The output for these was shown on an oscilloscope to view the signal. Hope this helps.Hotflashhome (talk) 01:50, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

Shuttle picture
We now have a picture of the Space Shuttle on reentry with infrared and visible light components. It might be instructive for this article. -- ke4roh (talk) 01:23, 17 May 2013 (UTC)

History section
The first section of many articles describes the history of a particular topic. This page lacks a history section, though it contains some scattered info about one. Anybody want to go in and organize it into its own section? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 15:48, 6 June 2013

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:07, 18 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Signal triangulation.png

Proposed merge of Thermographic camera into Thermography
very wide overlap. fgnievinski (talk) 01:45, 18 November 2023 (UTC) fgnievinski (talk) 01:45, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

 * Absolutely agree Zyploc (talk) 05:33, 23 November 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 09:34, 20 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thermography


text:
Senator McCormick (disambiguation)

Joseph M. McCormick (1877–1925) was a U.S. Senator from Illinois from 1919 to 1925.

Senator McCormick may also refer to:

 * Dale McCormick (born 1947), Maine State Senate
 * Earle McCormick, Maine State Senate
 * George M. McCormick (1841–1913), Illinois State Senate
 * James Robinson McCormick (1824–1897), Missouri State Senate
 * John McCormick (British politician) (1887/1888–1958), Northern Irish Senate

title: Senator McCormick (disambiguation)


text:
For Horowitz

For Horowitz is a 2006 South Korean drama film directed by Kwon Hyung-jin and starring Uhm Jung-hwa, Shin Eui-jae and Park Yong-woo.

Plot
Kim Ji-soo is a 30-year-old single woman who once dreamed about becoming a world-class pianist, but ends up opening a small neighborhood piano school on the outskirts of Seoul, where she teaches children to play.

She then meets Yoon Gyung-min, a 7-year-old orphaned boy who starts pestering her for no apparent reason. Gyung-min's parents died in a car accident, and he now lives with his uncaring grandmother. He is a troublemaker, emotionally distant from his peers, and possibly autistic.

When Ji-soo discovers that Gyung-min has untapped musical genius, she becomes determined to turn him into a renowned pianist like Vladimir Horowitz. She does this for her own selfish reasons, because if she gains the reputation of being a great piano teacher, that would lead to her school's success.

She uses music to communicate with her gifted student, ruthlessly giving him intensive piano lessons to prepare him for competitions. But their relationship turns maternal when Ji-soo realizes what the boy really needs is love.

Cast

 * Uhm Jung-hwa as Kim Ji-soo
 * Shin Eui-jae as Yoon Gyung-min
 * Park Yong-woo as Shim Kwang-ho
 * Choi Seon-ja as Gyung-min's grandmother
 * Yoon Ye-ri as Jung-eun
 * Jung In-gi as Ji-soo's older brother
 * Yang Kkot-nim as Ji-soo's sister-in-law
 * Park Young-seo as Pizza shop employee
 * Ko Tae-ho as Bo-ram
 * Lee Seung-hyun as Yoo-sik
 * Kang Soo-jin as Ye-ri
 * Choi Yoon-sun as So-young
 * Kim Bo-ra as Min-hee
 * Seo Ji-ah as Mi-ra
 * Lee Oi-seon as Cleaner Lee
 * Kim Jong-min as Taekwondo Kim
 * Jo Seok-hyun as Video Park
 * Julius Jeongwon Kim as Adult Gyung-min (cameo)

Box office
For Horowitz was released in South Korea on May 25, 2006. It drew 544,656 admissions during its theatrical run.

title: For Horowitz


text:
ephebus

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a male Greek youth
 * 2) youth (aged about eighteen to twenty years)

title: ephebus


text:
History of Quebec and Canada/Study Guide/Topic 2: Mercantilism

What is mercantilism? Mercantilism was an economic policy, popular in the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe, which stated that a country's wealth and power was best served through the accumulation of gold and silver and raw materials. Because most nations did not have a natural abundance of such precious metals, the best way to acquire them was through trade. This meant striving for a favorable trade balance, that is, a surplus of exports over imports. Foreign states would then have to pay for imports in gold or silver. State action, an essential feature of the mercantile system, was used to accomplish its purposes - to sell more than it bought to accumulate gold bullion and raw materials. In the case of New France, fur was the raw material. France imported raw materials, such as furs, from its colony, New France, and transformed them into finished products (beaver hats) to be sold back to the colonies and to other countries. Beaver Hat Consequences of mercantilism on New France New France became a trading colony whose main economic role was to supply furs to the mother country and to purchase manufactured products from the mother country. Furs account for more than 70% of the colony's exports and the fur trade is directly responsible for the large expansion of territory. Do the following questions on mercantilism. 1. The measures below describe aspects of 17th century mercantilist economic policy. The colony had to obtain its supplies from France. The colony exported enormous quantities of furs to France. Hat-making was forbidden in New France. STATE TWO CONSEQUENCES OF MERCANTILISM FOR FRANCE AND ITS COLONY, NEW FRANCE. 1. It enriched the mother country. 2. It promoted the development of agriculture. 3. It allowed New France to be less dependent on France. 4. It stimulated population growth in New France. 5. It limited economic development in the colony. A)    1     and     4                                                           C)     2     and     3 B)    1     and     5                                                           D)     2     and     4 ANSWER: A B C D

2. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SETS OF STATEMENTS APPLIES TO THE POLICY OF MERCANTILISM?

A) · The colony was free to develop its industries.       · The colony had to expand its boundaries to the maximum.

B) · The colony could trade freely with other mother countries.       · The colony sold its manufactured goods to France.

C) · The colony exploited furs in particular.       · The colony was quickly settled because of the chartered companies.

D) · The colony was a source of raw materials for France.       · The colony bought manufactured goods from France.   ANSWER: A B C D

3. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS DESCRIBE THE EFFECTS OF    FRENCH MERCANTILISM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FRANCE ?

1. "Along the river banks there appeared numerous sawmills, where logs       were sawed into boards and beams." 2. "Furs represented 70 percent of total exports; agricultural products, 18       percent; fish, 9 percent; iron, 1.3 percent." 3. "It is marvelous to see their country. They have beautiful towns, with       mail-coach service. They even havecarriages." 4. "New France was disallowed to manufacture beaver hats in the colony." 5. "For forty years we have worked to convert the natives, without much       success. A)     1     and     3         B)     2     and     4        C)     2     and     5         D)     3     and     5   ANSWER: A B C D

4. WHICH STATEMENT INDICATES THAT MERCANTILISM WAS HARMFUL TO THE GROWTH OF THE COLONY'S POPULATION?

A)   France tried to establish various industries in its colony. B)    France promoted economic diversification. C)   France signed long-term trade treaties with the Amerindians. D)    France developed only one natural resource in its colony. ANSWER: A B C D

Go On To Topic 3:Territorial and Military Consequences


text:
Jan Petrus Hoffman

Jan Petrus Hoffman (born 1 May 1988) is a South African male shot putter who won two individual gold medal at the Youth World Championships.

title: Jan Petrus Hoffman


text:
zaubern

Etymology
From, from , from. More at Zauber; cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to conjure, to perform magic

title: zaubern


text:
Talk:King's Inns

Untitled
It is not accurate to translate the "Nolumus Mutari" motto of the King's Inns as something like "we will not change". The full phrase suggested is "nolumus mutari leges angliae", supposedly used to King John by his beastly barons - though it appears unlikely that the said barons were actually capable of expressing the idea that "we will not change the laws of England" in Latin ! Of course, many would suggest that the shortened version is correct in spirit, when applied to the "Inns" ...

 * By all means suggest a alternative translation for "Nolumus Mutari". Djegan 18:30, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Merge
I would say go ahead with a merge. Djegan (talk) 20:10, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

full name
I think the first paragraph is a little confusing. It says that it was "formerly known as" the Honorable Society of Kings Inns. Later this is called the full title. As far as i know it has always been officially the Honorable Society of Kings Inns. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:54, 24 February 2009 (UTC)

Did you know? Nomination
Template:Did you know nominations/Jane Suiter

Content not objective
The introduction and the Academic Life sections, at least, contain material copied and pasted from the King's Inns' own site. Is this good practice? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:36, 27 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:King's Inns


text:
Getting wet

Getting wet may refer to:
 * Coming to be affected by moisture
 * Coming to be affected by wetting
 * The onset of vaginal lubrication

title: Getting wet


text:
Talk:Java Virtual Machine Tools Interface

Untitled
There are several pages related to this that need renaming and related changes. I am too new to be allowed to move, so I will come back later (not clear when "new" ends). Or someone with the required powers can fix these --

"Java Virtual Machine Tools Interface" should be "Java Virtual Machine Tool Interface" (no 's'). "Java Virtual Machine Debugger Interface" should be "Java Virtual Machine Debug Interface" (no "ger").

After that: JVMTI needs to be mentioned as the replacement for JVMDI in the JPDA entry. JVMDI should redirect to "Java Virtual Machine Debug Interface". Then the JVMDI reference in JVMTI can be linked.


text:
Sali Hughes

Sali Hughes (born 21 February 1975) is a Welsh journalist, writer and broadcaster. She is The Guardians resident beauty columnist.

Early life and education
Hughes was born on 21 February 1975 and grew up in Blackwood, Caerphilly. Her father worked in politics for the Labour Party and her mother worked for a local education authority. She has three brothers, and attended Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhymni, a comprehensive school. She initially worked as an assistant to make-up artist Lynne Easton for two years while looking for work experience at magazines. This included working on photo shoots with George Michael and Pet Shop Boys, and television commercials.

Journalism
Hughes's first job in journalism was as a staff writer for the men's lifestyle magazine Loaded in the mid-1990s. She then wrote features and opinion columns for various publications as a freelancer including Grazia, Elle, The Guardian, Glamour, Stylist, Shortlist, and Cosmopolitan. Since January 2011, she has been The Guardians resident beauty columnist, featuring weekly in its Saturday magazine and online video tutorials. She also appears weekly on BBC Radio 5 Live. Hughes presented an edition of the BBC Radio 4 programme File on 4 in October 2020 about her experiences as a victim of abusive comments from internet trolls.

Writer
Hughes' first book, Pretty Honest was released on 25 September 2014. It was a beauty handbook and was published by the 4th Estate division of HarperCollins. Two years later she released her second book Pretty Iconic which was about influential beauty products. In 2019, Hughes' third book Our Rainbow Queen by Penguin was released. It was about the fashion trends of Elizabeth II. Her fourth book, Everything is Washable and Other Life Lessons, published by Harper Collins UK, was released in September 2022.

Personal life
Hughes married comedy writer Daniel Maier in October 2017. They live in Brighton with her two sons from a previous marriage. In 2018, she co-founded Beauty Banks, a charity that provides those living in poverty with basic daily hygiene essentials and personal care items.

title: Sali Hughes


text:
User:Dnishendu/sandbox

M.B.B University (Maharaja Bir Bikram University) is a State University located at Agartala, Tripura, India near M.B.B College campus the first college of Tripura. It was established in 2015 by the Government of Tripura through the Maharaja Bir Bikram University Act, 2015 and was the only state university in the state of Tripura. The first vice chancellor is Gautam Kumar Basu.The university is named after Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarman, the last ruling maharaja of the princely state of Tripura.

title: User:Dnishendu/sandbox


text:
redbreast

Etymology
From, equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) Any of several unrelated birds that have a red breast
 * 2) A European robin,.
 * 3) An American robin,.
 * 1) An American robin,.
 * 1) An American robin,.

Derived terms

 * robin redbreast

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Welsh: brongoch, bronrhuddyn

title: redbreast


text:
Wikipedia:Main Page history/2019 September 20

 Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit. 5,933,157 articles in English  Arts Biography Geography History Mathematics Science Society
Technology

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From today's featured list
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text:
Category:Vancouver Canucks (WHL) players

Members of the Vancouver Canucks who played on the team while it appeared in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League, before the Canucks joined the NHL.


text:
Kalateh-ye Saru

Kalateh-ye Saru (, also Romanized as Kalāteh-ye Sarū) is a village in Zeberkhan Rural District, Zeberkhan District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47, in 9 families.

title: Kalateh-ye Saru


text:
-zoan

Suffix

 * 1)  Used to categorise animals based on their evolutionary origin, life history, growth-form or ecological preferences.

Derived terms

 * - a member of the anthozoa
 * - a member of the bryozoa
 * - a member of the cubozoa
 * - a member of the hydrozoa
 * - an animal
 * a member of the protozoa
 * a member of the scyphozoa

title: -zoan


text:
Substituted piperazine

Substituted piperazines are a class of chemical compounds based on a piperazine core. Some are used as recreational drugs and some are used in scientific research.

ortho-Substituted

 * 2-Chlorophenylpiperazine (oCPP)
 * 2-Methylphenylpiperazine (oMPP)
 * 2-Methoxyphenylpiperazine (oMeOPP)
 * Vortioxetine

Enpiprazole is known to produce oCPP as a metabolite.

Enciprazine was initially anticipated to produce oMeOPP as a metabolite, but this turned out not to be the case.

meta-Substituted

 * 3-Chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP)
 * 3-Methoxyphenylpiperazine (mMeOPP)
 * 3-Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP)
 * 1-(3-Chlorophenyl)-4-(2-phenylethyl)piperazine (3C-PEP)

Trazodone, nefazodone, mepiprazole, and others produce mCPP as a metabolite.

para-Substituted

 * 4-Chlorophenylpiperazine (pCPP)
 * 4-Fluorophenylpiperazine (pFPP)
 * 4-Methylphenylpiperazine (pMPP)
 * 4-Methoxyphenylpiperazine (MeOPP)
 * 4-Nitrophenylpiperazine (pNPP)
 * 4-Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (pTFMPP)

Multiple substitutions

 * 2,3-Methylphenylpiperazine (DMPP)
 * 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-chlorophenylpiperazine (TFMCPP)

Others

 * 1-Phenylpiperazine (PP)

Other arylpiperazines

 * 1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine (1-NP)
 * 1-(2-Pyrimidinyl)piperazine (1-PP)
 * ORG-12962 (1-(5-trifluoromethyl-6-chloropyridin-2-yl)piperazine)
 * Quipazine (2-piperazin-1-ylquinoline)

Many azapirones such as buspirone, gepirone, and tandospirone produce 1-PP as a metabolite.

title: Substituted piperazine


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Cookbook talk:Paprika Chicken

This recipe was the Featured Recipe on the main Cookbook page from March 30 2004 - April 7 2004. Gentgeen

moved from recipe page

We would like to spread the word though Paprika is great with almost everything!

Paprika Rules!

end moved section

sour cream?
I make something similar, chicken paprikash, which has a sour cream, paprika, and onion sauce. Here is the recipe:

http://www.recipesource.com/ethnic/europe/hungarian/00/rec0019.html
 * "Chicken paprikash" and "paprika chicken" are exactly the same thing, which Hungarians call "paprikás csirke".

problems
If you follow this recipe as given you'll end up with a scorched mess which you'll have to throw away. It should have some chicken stock or water added in which to simmer the meat and vegetables until they're cooked, otherwise the paprika and veggies will burn and the chicken will be dry and undercooked in places. motterj

True...and also, regarding the sour cream question....authentic Chicken Paprikas is indeed finished in the last minute or two of cooking with sour cream and sometimes (optionally) a little bit of white "rantas" (roux) if you like a slightly thiker sauce (just don't overdo the thickening). Some folks use tomato as well and some don't but most Hungarians agree that if you leave out the sour cream, you haven't really made chicken paprikas. Period. It is essential to the dish. AnonymousHunkie

No problem
True. Let's make this recipe work. Warrington (talk) 21:24, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

Done.

Warrington (talk) 10:11, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Paprika Chicken