text:
Reaktor/Hosts/Sonar

In Sonar 4, one way to open a softsynth is to click the "Synth Rack" button on the VIEWS toolbar, and then use the Insert button on the synth rack's toolbar (a big + sign). Alternatively (or if the Synth Rack isn't already open), it's slightly quicker to just click INSERT on the main menu and select from the dropdown entries under "DXi Synth".

Note -- Reaktor shows up under "NI" as if it were a type of plugin (alongside the VST plugins).

With Reaktor showing up as an instrument in the Synth Rack, click the Properties button in the Synth Rack's toolbar to display the Reaktor plugin window.

Once open, Reaktor's plugin view will ask for an initial Ensemble. The default view of the Reaktor Browser doesn't initially show Ensembles, so you can't immediately drag and drop into the blank part of the window as it suggests. First, you must navigate to an ensemble to load (which you can drag/drop), or you can right-click in the blank area and choose New Ensemble.

If you're using Reaktor as a softsynth, you'll probably want to add a MIDI track. To do this, right-click in Sonar's track pane and choose "Insert MIDI Track". Then click on the Output selector in the MIDI track and select Reaktor1 from the list.

The output of the synth has to go somewhere, so you'll probably want to create an audio track also (Right-click; choose "Insert Audio Track"). Then click on the Input selector in the audio track and select Reaktor 1 Main from the list.

Note -- Reaktor plugins can be synths or FX processors, so they also show up (as expected) in the track or Console views when you want to add an FX module in any track's FX bin.

--Allen 22:53, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Due to the combination of Sonar's excellent DXi automation handling, and Reaktor's incredibly flexible DXi / MIDI dual automation features, there are a number of different ways of recording and manipulating Reaktor ensemble control information.

 * 1) To be able to record direct movement of Reaktor ensemble UI controls into Sonar as automation data, you must insert a Reaktor instance (either DXi or wrapped VSTi version) directly into the FX Bin of a Sonar Audio track. It does not work if you insert it into the Synth Rack first.  Load up the Reaktor ensemble you want to use and ensure the automation controls are sorted and organised as desired.  Then right-click on the Reaktor label in the Sonar track's FX Bin and click "Arm Parameter" from the context menu.  This now lists all the automation parameters exposed by the loaded Reaktor ensemble.  Either select a subset, or (easier) just click Arm All.  You should now see the Record Automation icon button in Sonar Transport toolbar become clickable (changes from greyed out appearance).  Set the Now Time marker where you want to start the automation recording from.  Click the Record Automation icon button and start wiggling those Ensemble knobs and faders!  Press spacebar or click the Transport Stop button to stop recording when you are done. Sonar will display any movements as new track envelopes, handily labelled with the appropriate Ensemble parameter.
 * 2) Having inserted a Reaktor instance in a Sonar track's FX bin, right click somewhere in the clips pane and select Envelopes -> Create Track Envelope -> Reaktor 1 ... A dialog window is displayed listing all automatable parameters .. but in my version of Sonar (v4.01), this list is just a bunch of numbers from P0001 to P1000 (a bug?).  All is not lost .. click on the Reaktor ensemble panel control you want to create an envelope for, and look at the UI control's Properties pages.   Find the "Global ID" field listed at the bottom of the Connection properties page (say "117" for a Filter cutoff knob).  Go back to the envelope popup window and select the P0117 checkbox. Click OK, and a new track envelope appears labelled with the panel control name.  Adjust enevelope to taste.
 * 3) If you have a midi control box, you can use its physical knobs and faders instead of directly controlling Reaktor ensemble UI controls with a mouse.  For each ensemble UI control you want to remote control, display the UI control's own Connections property page. Ensure "Remote to MIDI" is turned on.  Map the control to the physical knob or slider you want to use (e.g. use MIDI learn).  Repeat for all the ensemble controls you want to hook up to your midi controller box. Now proceed as described in #1 above, but instead of using your mouse to move the UI controls, use your MIDI controller box.  Any movements get converted into track envelopes, labelled with the UI control's name.
 * 4) This is probably the least preferred option of recording automation data from a Reaktor ensemble, as it requires a separate MIDI track to be used and treats all the automation data as pure MIDI CC data. However,  this is the only way to send automation data to a Reaktor ensemble if the Reaktor instance was inserted into the Synth Rack, and not into a specific track's FX Bin.  Why would you want to do that? Inserting a Reaktor instance into the Sonar SynthRack allows you to send outputs of multi-timbral Reaktor ensembles to multiple audio tracks for further, separate processing, for example.  OK, so insert a new Reaktor plugin instance using the Sonar SynthRack, and create (at least) one audio track and one associated MIDI track.   Load up the ensemble you want to use into the Reaktor plugin.  Open the Ensemble properties page and ensure the "Activate MIDI in" and "Activate MIDI out" boxes are switched on in the Connections property page.  Then do the same for all the ensemble Instruments you want to record panel automation from.  Now, for each UI control you want to record movements for, ensure the "Activate MIDI In" and "Panel to MIDI" switches are on, and a MIDI cc number is defined.  Set the Now Time marker where you want to start recording.  Select the MIDI track, and arm it for recording (the "R" button turns red).  Press the main Transport Record button (not the Record Automation button this time).  Now perform the UI control movements you want to record.  When you are done, click Stop.  Sonar has recorded your UI panel movements as a series of MIDI CC events.  Rewind, and press Play.  Sonar sends the recorded MIDI cc data back to Reaktor, and you should see the panel controls repeat the movements you just recorded.  If you want, you can then convert the MIDI cc data into a MIDI track envelope using Sonar's Edit -> Convert MIDI to Shape .. command.
 * 5) Of course, you can use a physical midi controller in #4 above instead of using a mouse to manipulate the ensemble's controls.  Set up the mapping between the physical controller and the UI ensemble controls as described in #3 above.  Arm the MIDI track for recording, hit the Record button in the Transport bar, and move the physical MIDI controllers knobs and sliders to generate CC data which will get recorded into the MIDI track, and passed through to the Reaktor plugin receiving MIDI data from that MIDI track.

--Aguycalledrichard 22:20, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Reaktor/Hosts/Sonar


text:
Patania characteristica

Patania characteristica is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Warren in 1896. It is found in India (Meghalaya).

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Patania characteristica


text:
Hans Munk

Hans Munk (20 July 1770 – 5 February 1848) was a Norwegian physician. He performed the autopsies in the Peter Westerstrøm mass murder case.

Munk was born in Copenhagen, Denmark where he received his doctorate in 1793. He worked in Stavanger Amt (1799-1803), Buskeruds Amt (1803-1806) and in Smaalehnenes Amt (1806-1817). He ended his career in Bratsberg (1817-1848).

title: Hans Munk


text:
William R. Claypool

William Redman Claypool (July 16, 1843 – May 26, 1888) was a California based trainer of Thoroughbred racehorses who won the 1885 Belmont Stakes with the colt Tyrant for nationally prominent owner J. B. A. Haggin. A major racing event on the East Coast, the Belmont Stakes would become the third leg of the U.S. Triple Crown series. That same year Claypool trained the two-year-old colt Ben Ali who would go on to win the 1886 Kentucky Derby.

Just two years after his success on the East Coast, William Claypool died at age 44 from Consumption.

title: William R. Claypool


text:
Réclère

Réclère is a village and former municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2009 it is a part of the new municipality Haute-Ajoie.

title: Réclère


text:
Daniel Cordone

Carlos Daniel "Lobo" Cordone (born 6 January 1974) is a former Argentine professional football player who played as a striker.

Cordone started his career at Vélez Sársfield and played there for six seasons before moving to Racing Club de Avellaneda in 2000. Later that year he moved to Newcastle United for a fee of £500,000, but failed to meet expectations at Newcastle and only played for the club for one season. He scored three goals, against Derby County, Tottenham Hotspur and Bradford City in the League Cup.

In 2001, he returned to Argentina to play for Argentinos Juniors. After one season with them he moved to San Lorenzo where he helped the club to win the Copa Sudamericana in 2002.

Towards the end of his career he has played for Argentino de Merlo in the Metropolitan 4th division and Independiente Rivadavia in the 3rd division Interior.

Honours

 * San Lorenzo
 * Copa Sudamericana: 2002

title: Daniel Cordone


text:
1898 Kansas Jayhawks football team

The 1898 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas as an independent during the 1898 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach Wylie G. Woodruff, the Jayhawks compiled a 7–1 record, shut out six of eight opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 129 to 24. The Jayhawks played home games at McCook Field in Lawrence, Kansas. Arthur Mosse was the team captain.

title: 1898 Kansas Jayhawks football team


text:
Japanese/Existence and Copula

What is a copula?
In English, the verb 'to be' serves two purposes: It acts as the copula, and it acts as the verb for existence. However, in many languages, including Japanese, these two verbs are separate—so it helps to have an understanding of the difference between the two usages.

A copula can be thought of as an equals sign: it equates two things to each other. In the sentence "That is a dog," 'is' is the copula. In the sentence "The dog is inside," you don't mean that 'the dog' and 'inside' are the same thing; you mean that the dog exists inside.

These two usages have different verbs in Japanese, so it'd be good to get used to it now. Here are some examples:

Using 'to be' as a copula:
 * That man is the president.
 * Joe is a salesman.
 * The dog is a golden retriever.
 * This paper is my report.

Using 'to be' to mean existence:
 * Sara is outside.
 * The plate is on the table.
 * The watch is on my wrist
 * They are at the mall.
 * There is John.

Origin of copula

 * で ある, or だ
 * to be (am, is, are)
 * The verb だ is a contraction of the で ある, which can replace the full form in any sentence, except in front of sentence-ending particle か, as will be noted later. The full form is mainly used in formal literature, such as a Wikipedia article. The ある verb itself means "to be, to have, to exist“, and で is a grammatical particle meaning "with". Adding these two words together into である literally translates as "existing with". Because all particles must take a noun, the Japanese である can not be used as widely as its English counterpart: である may only be used to describe attribute, not action (i.e., it cannot be used in constructions like "I am doing something" as a translation of "am").

The Japanese Copula
In Japanese, です (desu) is the copula. It is used to equate two things. Let's look into translating the sentence, "That is a pen," into Japanese.

Japanese uses subject-object-verb word order. This means that the copula and all other verbs come last in the sentence, after the object. If we were to form the English sentence in this way, it'd go like this: "That a pen is." This is a little unclear without some separation between the subject and the object. This brings us to particles.

Particles are small words which are simply used to denote what role a word plays in a sentence. There are quite a few particles, but we'll only concern ourselves with one of them for now—the topic marker, は (wa)*. This particle marks the topic and subject of the sentence. Incorporating this into our example, our sentence would become: "That は a pen is."

Finally, in order to complete the conversion to Japanese, we just need to translate the words themselves. 'Is', as I mentioned above, becomes です (desu). We can use それ (sore) and ペン (pen) for 'that' and 'pen', respectively. Now, our sentence is "それはペンです. " (sore wa pen desu.), which is a complete, understandable Japanese sentence.

* The topic-marker, は, is prounounced 'wa' even though it is written with the kana for 'ha'.

Existence
The other usage of the verb 'to be' is for existence. This gets slightly more difficult, as there are two verbs for existence: いる (iru) and ある (aru). Don't worry, though, it's pretty easy to differentiate between the two. いる (iru) is only used for animate objects, whereas ある (aru) is only used for inanimate objects. For example, you'd use いる (iru) for yourself, another person, or an animal, whereas you'd use ある (aru) for practically anything else, such as a pen, some paper, or a book.

In order to say, "I exist," or, "I am," (a sentence which will come in much more handy later) you'll follow a formula similar to what you did for the copula above. The verb always comes last, and the subject is marked with the topic marker, は (wa). わたし (watashi) is the pronoun for 'I', so the sentence, "I am," becomes "わたしはいる. " (watashi wa iru.).

You can use this exact form to say "the pen exists", but keep in mind that the pen is inanimate, so you must use ある (aru). The sentence becomes "ペンはある. " (pen wa aru.).

title: Japanese/Existence and Copula


text:
Talk:Donald S. Lopez Sr.

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 11:17, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Donald S. Lopez Sr.. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://airandspace.si.edu/press/releaseDetail.cfm?releaseID=185
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120330082924/http://www.nasm.si.edu/events/pressroom/releaseDetail.cfm?releaseID=185 to http://www.nasm.si.edu/events/pressroom/releaseDetail.cfm?releaseID=185

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:34, 12 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Donald S. Lopez Sr.


text:
Repercussions of the 1994–1996 United States broadcast TV realignment

Between 1994 and 1996, a wide-ranging series of network affiliation switches took place in media markets across the United States as the result of a multimillion-dollar deal between Fox and New World Communications which was announced on May 23, 1994. The Fox–New World agreement, which saw twelve stations owned by New World change affiliations to Fox, initiated some of the most sweeping changes in American broadcasting history. This deal, and the ancillary deals that followed, created a domino effect and presented a wide-ranging series of ramifications that have impacted local broadcasting up to the present day.

Rise of Fox in prime time
Prior to the affiliation switches, Fox largely catered to the 18–34 demographic with younger-skewing shows and an "irreverent, sometimes sophomoric" style typified by Married... with Children and The Simpsons, the latter the network's first definitive hit. Emphasis was given to Black audiences with shows like The Sinbad Show, Martin, Living Single and New York Undercover. Sketch comedy series In Living Color gained national attention for broadcasting a live episode against the Super Bowl XXVI halftime show that was a ratings success. The debut season of teen-oriented Beverly Hills, 90210 had a controversial storyline centering around the loss of a character's virginity, unprecedented in network television. Fox expanded their prime time schedule incrementally, resulting in the network programming seven nights a week by the 1993–94 season. Entering that season, Fox heavily promoted The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. intending for it to be their next hit show, but it was the show following it on Friday night, The X-Files, that became a sleeper hit instead. Fox's reputation by 1993 was still largely limited to hits like The Simpsons along with a string of failed shows that attained similar levels of notoriety. The network attempted to re-enter late night with The Chevy Chase Show but was cancelled after six weeks amid negative reviews and dismal ratings.

Fox Kids, which had been created as a joint venture between Fox and the affiliates in 1990, continued after the realignment with a roster of affiliates considerably different from the main Fox network. WBNX-TV and KSMO-TV saw their profiles boosted with the addition of Fox Kids: KSMO experienced dramatic viewership increases in the early afternoon, while WBNX became Cleveland's WB affiliate in 1997 owing to their success with Fox Kids. Facing increased competition from basic cable channels along with Kids' WB and UPN Kids, Fox Kids merged their in-house production arm with Saban Entertainment (who produced Mighty Morphin Power Rangers for the program block) to form Fox Kids Worldwide in 1996, purchased The Family Channel the following year and relaunched it as Fox Family Channel. By 1998, Fox Kids affiliates sold their ownership interests back to Fox in a deal where Fox affiliates would pay a combined $50 million per year for Fox's renewed NFC contract. Fox Family Channel struggled to find viewership and lost money, and Fox–Saban sold Fox Kids Worldwide to The Walt Disney Company in 2001. Fox Kids' operations were reassigned to the network proper and were ultimately replaced with a program block from 4Kids Entertainment in 2002.

90210 and spin-off Melrose Place became hit shows, with Fox ordering 32 and 35 episodes for each show in the 1995–96 television season; The Simpsons alone had 25 episodes commission for their sixth and seventh seasons.

Fox's entertainment programs have also benefited from the heavy promotion they received during the sports telecasts, including shows that it already aired at the time, as well as newer programs (such as American Idol, 24 and House). In fact, Idol was the highest-rated prime time network program for eight consecutive seasons, from 2003–04 to 2010–11, the longest such streak in U.S. television history.


text:
Talk:Charlotte Kirk

Glamour Modeling 2010 ?

 * Gumball 3000 2010
 * Gumball 2010
 * Charlotte Sophi Kirk by David Marsh
 * ... with Idris Elba?
 * Oko5ekmi5 (talk) 11:54, 23 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Sorry, was there a point there somewhere?Robbmonster (talk) 11:27, 19 October 2021 (UTC)

Unreliable source

 * Oko5ekmi5 (talk) 10:32, 3 September 2020 (UTC)

Article problems
I added cleanup templates to this article as much of it reads as a promotional piece. Personal life section lacks inline citations and appears to not be written from a WP:Neutral point of view. Spectrallights (talk) 20:21, 13 December 2022 (UTC)

This whole article needs rewriting
The article mentions, without a citation, that she trained with Lee Strasberg. Lee Strasberg died 10 years before she was born. If someone can explain how that is possible, I'll eat my foot. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:04, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

 * The source is apparently her official website. The fact that an actor's official website would make such an outlandishly stupid claim honestly makes everything on there lose water without a secondart source. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:11, 19 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Other sites have claimed the Lee Strasberg Institute, but that's very different than saying "acting coach... Lee Strasberg." <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:13, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

Missing work references
Added missing movie references, work titles, magazine covers, and a missing image. Mahond (talk) 09:32, 19 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Charlotte Kirk


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Pheasant Coucal

Pheasant Coucal

 * ... that the eggs and young of the Pheasant Coucal (pictured) are predominantly cared for by the male parents?
 * Reviewed: Template:Did you know nominations/Jug Handle State Natural Reserve
 * Comment: note that I can't sex the photo, hence trying to avoid "male Pheasant Coucal (pictured) "....

Created/expanded by Casliber (talk). Self nom at 04:04, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Symbol possible vote.svg This article is almost ready.  Hook is very interesting, of the correct length, and backed up by a reference.  The article prose needs to be lengthened from 2,322 to 2,500 characters.  In addition, there is a bare URL reference that will need to be correctly formatted.--TDogg310 (talk) 15:30, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I get 3016 B (498 words) "readable prose size", and have formatted ref now. Cheers, Casliber (talk · contribs) 15:57, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * There is a red link for "The Atlas of Australian Birds (Blakers et al.)". Is this different to the Wiki article at "Atlas of Australian Birds"? Snowman (talk) 21:02, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * (a) no, and (b) fixed. Casliber (talk · contribs) 22:55, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Symbol redirect vote4.png Needs a reviewer to check the changes made in response to original review. BlueMoonset (talk) 03:55, 23 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Symbol confirmed.svg Article has been properly lengthened as stated above. All references are now full citations and all citation links work; no red links; two proper links to wiki articles; citation supports hook. So proper changes made and hook meets criteria. Should be ready to go. Donner60 (talk) 03:46, 26 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
User:Krzysztof Teachers Dance ISTD/sandbox

Krzysztof Owczarczak Teachers of Dancing of Imperial Society ISTD A graduate of the Royal Faculty of Theater Faculty Dance Sport. International Qualifications registered in the Dance Education Department of the Council. Licentiate Teacher's Degree with distinction. Is a highly recommended teacher. As a Registered Teacher, he has the right to prepare students for professional examinations in ISTD theoretically for practically for professional examinations in London at the level of Student Teacher, Associate, member. Specializes in Modern Ballroom Dancing and Latin American Dancing. Poland, Poznań


text:
Duregi

Duregi (Дуреги; Kaitag: Ттурей) is a rural locality (a selo) in Shilyaginsky Selsoviet, Kaytagsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 270 as of 2010. There are 13 streets.

Geography
Duregi is located 15 km southwest of Madzhalis (the district's administrative centre) by road. Shilyagi and Kulidzha are the nearest rural localities.

Nationalities
Dargins live there.

title: Duregi


text:
suomenkielinen

Adjective

 * 1) Finnish-language, Finnish of Finnish language
 * 2) Finnish-speaking
 * 1) Finnish-speaking

Noun

 * 1) A Finnish-speaker; somebody whose mother tongue is Finnish.

title: suomenkielinen


text:
raggiare

Etymology
From. , a borrowing.

Verb

 * 1)  to cast rays
 * 2)  to shine, to blaze
 * 3)  to beam
 * 4)  to radiate, to emit radiation/heat/light
 * 5)  to radiate (light, happiness, etc.)
 * 6)  to illuminate, to irradiate

title: raggiare


text:
Talk:Robotics/Design Basics/Tools and Equipment

This page should include explanation about mechanical tools. Mostly tools that would be available to most people. (CNC cutters and such might fit on a differend page). Anyone willing and able to explain a particular tool please do so. I'm not sure where to put software tools. Any ideas are welcome. --Patrik 12:54, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I'd like an explanation of different types of solders, cores, leadfree, eutectic, and which are best for electronics boards, which are best for mechanical joints, etc. i am linking to it from the electronics book. - Omegatron 19:27, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Dmitry Dorofeyev

External links modified
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:02, 11 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dmitry Dorofeyev


text:
Talk:Leerink Partners

My name is Samantha. I'm here on behalf of my employer, SVB Leerink, to suggest some improvements to the company's Wikipedia entry. I am sharing suggestions to the History section below, to follow more of the Wikipedia style. Thanks in advance to editors who are willing to review requests and consider updating the page on my behalf! Samantha

History The company was founded in 1995 as Leerink Swann LLC.1 2 In 1996, it established MedaCorp expert network as a joint venture with Dr. Dan Dubin.3 It was named to Inc. Magazine's America's 500 fastest growing private companies in 1999.4 Since 2012, it led about one quarter of healthcare initial public offerings in Massachusetts. Its clients have won FDA approval for 16 drugs.5 In 2014, Leerink Swann was rebranded as Leerink Partners LLC.6 In 2017, the company had about 200 employees and offices in Boston, Charlotte, New York, and San Francisco.7 In 2019 it was acquired by SVB Financial Group, parent company of Silicon Valley Bank, and renamed Leerink Partners LLC.8 References

1 https://books.google.com/books?id=V4WH4Y26McUC&q=leerink+swann&pg=PA131 2 https://www.vault.com/company-profiles/commercial-banking-and-investment-banking/leerink-swann-llc 3 https://books.google.com/books?id=V4WH4Y26McUC&q=leerink+swann&pg=PA131 4 https://extras.denverpost.com/business/biz1011alist.htm 5 https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2017/04/21/meet-leerink-partners-the-life-science-industry-s.html 6 https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140106006017/en/Leerink-Swann-Leerink-Partners 7 https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2017/04/21/meet-leerink-partners-the-life-science-industry-s.html 8 https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/svb-financial-group-completes-acquisition-of-healthcare-investment-bank-leerink-partners-300773016.html

SVBLeerink (talk) 17:32, 11 May 2021 (UTC)

Renaming to Leerink Partners
We have rebranded to Leerink Partners and would like to update the page name. Below is the press release that was issued. We would also like to add this information to the content section on our page.

https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/leerink-partners-announces-bankruptcy-court-approval-of-management-buyout-301871126.html DianeVieira (talk) 17:36, 11 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Leerink Partners


text:
Talk:Sharad Devarajan

Aren't there too many internal links on this page? And also, is it okay I linked Warner Bros Worldwide Publishing to Warner Bros.?

--JeroenRoshi 15:33, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

This reads like an advertisement.

Dave Stewart
I've linked this through to Dave Stewart (artist) due to the comic book connection. However if that's incorrect and it's to do with David A. Stewart of Eurythmics shame then i do apologise. Please reference the source if you know either way so there's no more confusion! extraordinary 14:49, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sharad Devarajan


text:
bus ministry

Noun

 * 1)  An outreach program of a religious institution that regularly uses buses or jitneys to transport people, typically children, to a site of religious practice.

title: bus ministry


text:
Tadashi Mamiya

Tadashi Mamiya (1911 – 29 December 1984) was a Japanese painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

title: Tadashi Mamiya


text:
Cryptography/Faults

The strength of your encryption method is based not only on your encryption method, but also on your ability to use it effectively. A perfect encryption method which is finicky to use and hard to get right is not likely to be useful in building a high quality security system.

For example, the One-Time Pad cypher is the only known provably unbreakable algorithm (in the very strong sense of a more effective than brute force search attack being impossible), but this proof applies ONLY if the key used is completely randomly chosen (there is currently no known method for making such a choice nor is there any known method for demonstrating that any particular choice is random), if the key is a long as the plaintext, if the key is never reused, and if the key never becomes known to the enemy. These conditions are so difficult to ensure that the One-Time Pad is almost never used in actual practice, whatever its theoretical advantages.

Any use of the One-Time Pad violating those assumed requirements is insecure, sometimes trivially so. For instance, statistical analysis techniques may be immediately applicable, under certain kinds of misuse.

title: Cryptography/Faults


text:
stoven

Etymology 1
From. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1) to stew on a fire
 * 2)  to prepare
 * 3) to stove
 * 4) to simmer for a long time

title: stoven


text:
Ngake (Pukapuka)

Ngake is one of three villages on the island of Wale in the Pukapuka atoll of the Cook Islands. It is the easternmost village and regulates the island of Motu Kō.

title: Ngake (Pukapuka)


text:
Englewood STEM High School

Englewood STEM High School (ESHS) is a public 4–year high school located in the Englewood neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Opened on September 3, 2019,  Englewood STEM is a part of the Chicago Public Schools district.

History
Planning for Englewood STEM began in 2017 when the Chicago Board of Education decided to close Robeson High School due to declining enrollment and poor academic performance. Construction of Englewood STEM, an $85 million high school began in July 2018, after the closure of Robeson the previous month. Englewood STEM was completed in August 2019, opening its doors on September 3, 2019.

In addition to replacing Robeson, Englewood STEM also served as a replacement for Harper High School, Hope College Prep and Team Englewood, which were also deemed as under enrolled and poor academic performing schools by the school district. The school began serving grades 9–12, beginning in the 2022–2023 school year.

Other information
On April 25, 2022, Four people, a parent and three students were arrested and charged with misdemeanor battery along with criminal trespassing after a fight inside the school.

title: Englewood STEM High School


text:
Tok Pisin/Adjectives

Tok Pisin > Tok Pisin Adjectives

Main types of adjectives
There are basically four types of adjectives in Tok Pisin:

Class 1 adjectives They have the suffix -pela in attributive position, and also when they follow the copula. Example:
 * bikpela, big. Bikpela haus, A big building, Haus i bikpela, The building is big.

Class 2 adjectives They have the suffix -pela in attributive position, but they usually lose it when they follow the copula. Example:
 * kolpela, cold. Kolpela wara, Cold water but Wara i kol, The water is cold.

Class 3 adjectives They do not have the suffix -pela. Example:
 * liklik, small. Liklik haus, A small building, Haus i liklik, The building is small.

Class 4 adjectives They do not have the suffix -pela either. Unlike other adjectives, they stand after the noun in attributive position. Example:
 * nogut, bad. Tok nogut, bad words, insults.

Numerals
Numerals belong to class 1 (they have -pela in all positions), or to class 3 (they never have -pela, and stand before the noun in attributive position). Examples: More about numerals
 * tripela, three. Tripela man o meri, Three persons.
 * tupela ten or twenti, 20. Tupela ten pikinini or Twenti pikinini, 20 children.
 * nambatri, third. Bilong nambatri kain, Of the third type.

Quantifiers
Quantifiers also belong to class 1 (they have -pela in all positions), or to class 3 (they never have -pela, and stand before the noun in attributive position). Examples:
 * sampela, some. Sampela buk, Some books.
 * planti, many. Planti buk, Many books.

More about quantifiers

title: Tok Pisin/Adjectives


text:
Maggie Daley Park ice skating ribbon

Maggie Daley Park Ice Skating Ribbon is a seasonal public ice skating surface in the Maggie Daley Park section of Grant Park in the Loop community area of Chicago, which is bounded by Columbus Drive, Randolph Street, Monroe Street and Lake Shore Drive. The ice skating ribbon opened on December 13, 2014, along with the park. The rink extends for 1/4 mi mile and has a capacity of 700 skaters. In the summer, the rink serves as a walking and rollerskating path. The rink features changes in elevation, which give it an incline and decline.

On November 20, 2014, the city announced that the ice skating ribbon would open on an undetermined date in December with free admission and $12 skate rentals, which was the same price structure as was being used at McCormick Tribune Plaza & Ice Rink at the time; other outdoor public skating rinks in the Chicago Park District charged a $3 admission for adults but had lower rental fees. Lockers are also available for rental for a nominal fee at the skating ribbon. Among the numerous rules for the skating ribbon is a ban on the use of smartphones while skating. In the first month, 28,000 skate rentals generated over $300,000 for the city.

The rink is closed for one-hour periods during which the ice is resurfaced by a Zamboni machine. Because of the inconvenience of frequent lengthy closure periods, the Park announces the skating schedule and resurfacing schedule daily via a dedicated Maggie Daley Park Zamboni Twitter account, @MDPZamboni.

title: Maggie Daley Park ice skating ribbon


text:
William Leigh (judge)

William Leigh (1783–1871) was a Virginia jurist, serving on the Halifax County Court, and later the General Court and finally the Circuit Court of Law and Chancery.

Early and family life
Born in May 1783 in Chesterfield County, Virginia, to Rev. William Leigh (1748-1787) and Elizabeth Watkins Leigh (d. 1799, daughter of Benjamin Watkins, first clerk of the Chesterfield Court), Leigh was educated by his uncle Thomas Watkins (who succeeded at the Chesterfield County Clerk) and at the school of Rev. Needlar Robinson, before being sent to Petersburg, Virginia where he apprenticed with merchant Mr. Bell. His elder brother Benjamin Watkins Leigh had become an attorney practicing in Petersburg, so Leigh went to Williamsburg, Virginia for formal education, but was only able to afford one year at the College of William and Mary (in 1804) so he returned to Chesterfield County to assist his uncle and read law.

Leigh married Rebecca Selden Watkins (1786–1852) on December 15, 1807, and they had seven children. They moved to Halifax County, Virginia where Leigh built an estate, Leighwood.

Career
Admitted to the bar in 1805, Leigh practiced law and served as a judge for the Halifax County Court. He represented Halifax, Charlotte, and Prince Edward Counties in the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829-1830. After voters adopted the new constitution, the General Assembly appointed Leigh a judge of the Virginia General Court (in 1831), and he continued in that post until the General Court was abolished in 1851. He was then appointed to the Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery and held that position until he retired.

He is also known as one of three executors of the will of U.S. Senator John Randolph of Roanoke, along with Bishop William Meade. Randolph's will freed his slaves, and was subject to decades of legal challenges before the executors finally bought land in Ohio, where the freed slaves, after some additional difficulties, were able to settle.

Death and legacy
Leigh died at "Leighwood" in Halifax County July 19, 1871, and was buried at St. John's Episcopal Church in Halifax County. Some of his papers were acquired by the Library of Virginia in 1923.

title: William Leigh (judge)


text:
User:Hfgong/Manifold Learning

Draft page of Hfgong

Preface
Two main framework:
 * Global framework: MDS, Isomap
 * Local framework: LLE, Laplace Eigenmap, Hessian Eigenmap, etc.

Manifold
Summary. A manifold is a space that is locally like $$\reals^n$$, however lacking a preferred system of coordinates. Furthermore, a manifold can have global topological properties, such as non-contractible Curve, that distinguish it from the topologically trivial $$\reals^n$$.

Standard Definition. An $$n$$-dimensional topological manifold $$M$$ is a second countable, Hausdorff topological space (For connected manifolds, the assumption that $$M$$ is second-countable is logically equivalent to $$M$$ being paracompact, or equivalently to $$M$$ being metrizable. The topological hypotheses in the definition of a manifold are needed to exclude certain counter-intuitive pathologies. Standard illustrations of these pathologies are given by the long line (lack of paracompactness) and the forked line (points cannot be separated). These pathologies are fully described in Spivak.) that is locally homeomorphic to open subsets of $$\reals^n$$.

A differential manifold is a topological manifold with some additional structure information. A chart, also known as a system of coordinates, is a continuous injection from an open subset of $$M$$ to $$\reals^n$$. Let $$\alpha: U_\alpha \rightarrow \reals^n,$$ and $$\beta:U_\beta\rightarrow\reals^n$$ be two charts with overlapping domains. The continuous injection
 * $$\beta\circ\alpha^{-1}: \alpha(U_\alpha\cap

U_\beta)\rightarrow\reals^n$$ is called a \emph{transition function}, and also called a \emph{a change of coordinates}. An atlas $$\mathcal A$$ is a collection of charts $$\alpha:U_\alpha\rightarrow\reals^n$$ whose domains cover $$M$$, i.e.
 * $$M = \bigcup_{\alpha} U_\alpha.$$

Note that each transition function is really just $$n$$ real-valued functions of $$n$$ real variables, and so we can ask whether these are continuously differentiable. The atlas $$\mathcal A$$ defines a differential structure on $$M$$, if every transition functions corresponding to $$\mathcal A$$ is continuously differentiable.

More generally, for $$k=1,2,\ldots,\infty,\omega$$, the atlas $$\mathcal A$$ is said to define a $$\mathcal C^k$$ differential structure, and $$M$$ is said to be of class $$\mathcal C^k$$, if all the transition functions are $$k$$-times continuously differentiable, or real analytic in the case of $$\mathcal C^\omega$$. Two differential structures of class $$\mathcal{C^k}$$ on $$M$$ are said to be isomorphic if the union of the corresponding atlases is also a $$\mathcal C^k$$ atlas, i.e. if all the new transition functions arising from the merger of the two atlases remain of class $$\mathcal C^k$$. More generally, two $$\mathcal C^k$$ manifolds $$M$$ and $$N$$ are said to be diffeomorphic, i.e. have equivalent differential structure, if there exists a homeomorphism $$\phi:M\to N$$ such that the atlas of $$M$$ is equivalent to the atlas obtained as $$\phi$$-pullbacks of charts on $$N$$.

The atlas allows us to define differentiable mappings to and from a manifold. Let
 * $$f:U\rightarrow\reals,\quad U\subset M$$

be a continuous function. For each $$\alpha\in \mathcal A$$ we define
 * $$f_\alpha: V \rightarrow \reals,\quad V\subset\reals^n,$$

called the representation of $$f$$ relative to chart $$\alpha$$, as the suitably restricted composition
 * $$f_\alpha = f\circ \alpha^{-1}.$$

We judge $$f$$ to be differentiable if all the representations $$f_\alpha$$ are differentiable. A path
 * $$\gamma: I\rightarrow M,\quad I\subset\reals$$

is judged to be differentiable, if for all differentiable functions $$f$$, the suitably restricted composition $$f\circ\gamma$$ is a differentiable function from $$\reals$$ to $$\reals$$. Finally, given manifolds $$M, N$$, we judge a continuous mapping $$\phi:M\rightarrow N$$ between them to be differentiable if for all differentiable functions $$f$$ on $$N$$, the suitably restricted composition $$f\circ\phi$$ is a differentiable function on $$M$$.

Isomap
Basic idea: replace Euclidean distance with geodesic distance in MDS 1. Construct neighborhood graph 2. Compute shortest paths (geodesic distance) $$\delta_{ij}$$ This can be done using Dijkstra algorithm 3. Construct d-dimensional embedding This can be done using classical MDS algorithm Minimize the stress:
 * $$E(Y)=\sum_{i0, \sum_j{W_{ij}}=1$$

Construct d-dimensional embedding
Reconstruction Error:

\Phi (Y)=\sum_{i}\left\vert y_{i}-\sum_{j}W_{ij}Y_{j}\right\vert ^{2} $$

with constrain:

\sum_{i}Y_{i} = 0 $$
 * $$\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i}Y_{i}Y_{i}^{\top } = I

$$ LLE Website: []

Hessian Eigenmap
1. Identify neighbors 2. Obtain tangent coordinates 3. Develop quadratic form 4. Find approximate null space 5. Find basis for null space $$\mathcal{H}$$

Charting/co-ordination
Find low-dimensional local neighbourhoods on the manifold, then mix the neighbourhoods while trying to minimize distortion.

Optimization Issues in Manifold Learning

 * 1) Optimization on Stiefel and Grassmann Manifold
 * 2) Convert to Eigenvalue Problems

Kernel in Manifold Learning
Kernel View of Manifold Learning Kernel Matrix for Nonlinear Dimension Reduction

title: User:Hfgong/Manifold Learning


text:
Scottish Representative Peers Act 1707

The Scottish Representative Peers Act 1707 (6 Ann. c. 78) was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain.

The whole act was repealed by sections 4 and 7(2) of, and Schedule 2 to, the Peerage Act 1963.

Title
In the title, the words from "and for the further" were repealed by section 1 of, and Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1948.

title: Scottish Representative Peers Act 1707


text:
Oberende

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) the upper or topmost part, the head of anything

title: Oberende


text:
schizzare

Etymology
, though influenced by, from. Related to 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to squirt, to spurt, to spray, to splash
 * 2)  to squirt, to spurt, to spray, to splash
 * 3)  to spatter
 * 4)  to spatter
 * 5)  to pop out, to shoot out
 * 6)  to reveal, to manifest (a feeling or emotion)
 * 7)  to outline, to sketch
 * 8)  to ejaculate, to cum
 * 1)  to pop out, to shoot out
 * 2)  to reveal, to manifest (a feeling or emotion)
 * 3)  to outline, to sketch
 * 4)  to ejaculate, to cum
 * 1)  to ejaculate, to cum

title: schizzare


text:
Talk:Lipotriches edirisinghei

External links modified
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title: Talk:Lipotriches edirisinghei


text:
Cookbook:Roast Chicken on Salt

This is an old family recipe for chicken on salt from Russia.

Ingredients

 * 1 chicken, plucked and dressed
 * 1 lemon, quartered
 * 4 peeled cloves of garlic
 * Several sprigs of fresh rosemary
 * 1 kg salt

Procedure

 * 1) Stuff the chicken with the quartered lemon, garlic and rosemary.
 * 2) Bind the chicken ready for roasting.
 * 3) Fill a baking tray with the salt and place the chicken on top.
 * 4) Roast for 90 minutes at 190°C. The flesh should be moist and the skin crisp.

title: Cookbook:Roast Chicken on Salt


text:
Online OsiriX Documentation/Using 2-D thick slabs

< ^ >

OsiriX supports a 2D thick slab mode in the 2D viewer. This mode is particularly interesting if you are working with multi-slice CT. It will allow you to navigate more efficiently through a huge series.

Thick slab mode is controlled in the tool bar:

Thick Slab controller

There are actually 3 modes:
 * Mean: all slices are added and the mean is computed.
 * Maximum Intensity: maximum intensities of all pixels are extracted and displayed.
 * Minimum Intensity: minimum intensities of all pixels are extracted and displayed.

You control the number of slices with the slider. You can view the thick slab information in the lower left hand corner of the window:

Images 1 to 9 are displayed, and the total thickness is 27 mm.

For more information about thick slab, read the following articles:

 * 1) Gruden JF, Ouanounou S, Tigges S, Norris SD, Klausner TS. Incremental benefit of maximum-intensity-projection images on observer detection of small pulmonary nodules revealed by multidetector CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002 Jul;179(1):149-57.
 * 2) Coakley FV, Cohen MD, Johnson MS, Gonin R, Hanna MP. Maximum intensity projection images in the detection of simulated pulmonary nodules by spiral CT. Br J Radiol. 1998 Feb;71(842):135-40.
 * 3) Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Giraud F, Marquette C-H. Pulmonary nodules: detection with thick-section spiral CT versus conventional CT. Radiology 1993;187:513–520.

OsiriX < ^ >

Documentación en línea de OsiriX/Utilizar 2-D thick slabs OsiriX オンライン解説文書/OsiriX入門 2Dシック・スラブを使用する


text:
Jamie Jacobs (footballer)

Jamie Jacobs (born 3 December 1997) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Danish club Viborg.

Club career
He made his Eerste Divisie debut for Jong AZ on 18 August 2017 in a game against FC Den Bosch.

He moved to SC Cambuur in July 2019.

On 16 August 2023, Jacobs joined Viborg in Denmark on a two-year contract.

Personal life
He is the brother of fellow professional footballer Joey Jacobs.

title: Jamie Jacobs (footballer)


text:
San Juan del Cesar

San Juan del Cesar is a municipality and town located in the La Guajira Department, Colombia.

Etymology
San Juan Bautista del Cesar name in John the Baptist and Chet-tzar or Sasare indigenous language for calm water, the name of the Cesar River.

History
The region San Juan del Cesar was inhabited by Arhuacos indigenous tribe, led during that time by a Cacique named "Marocazo". It was founded on June 24, 1701 by Captain Salvador Felix Arias Pereira with the name of Villa of San Juan Bautista, over Mount Yiyirigak by the Cesar River. Arias-Pereira was in a mission to "pacify" the indigenous tribes in rebellion; the Tupes, Coyaimas, Conopans and Marocazos.

The Villa of San Juan immediately became a pass for people traveling between Valledupar and the port of Riohacha, back then an important commercial route flowing with cattle and agricultural products. The first church was built by Priest Gonzalo Suárez Oñate.

Geography
The municipality of San Juan del Cesar is located between the mountain ranges of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Serranía del Perijá by the Cesar River and close to the Ranchería River. It borders to the north with the municipality of Riohacha and Distracción, to the south with the municipalities of Villanueva, El Molino and the Cesar Department. To the east with the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, to the west again with the municipality of Riohacha, Dibulla and Cesar Department covering a total area of 1,415 km2. The urban area of San Juan del Cesar covers 10% of this area; 141 km2 and the rural area 90%; 1,274 km2.

The municipality is part of the Upper Valley of the Cesar River (Spanish: Alto Valle del Río César), where the Cañaverales tributary is located.

Climate
The average temperature is 27°C year round.

Economy
San Juan del Cesar together with Riohacha and Dibulla, are one of the production zones in which the yam, also known as Ñame, is cultivated in the department. San Juan del Cesar is one of the largest producers of yam in the Colombian Caribbean region in which 85 hectares of yam production has been reported.

Neighborhoods
The municipality seat of San Juan del Cesar had in 2003 some 35 neighborhoods; Villa Corelca, Gran Colombia, Manzanares, El Centro, La Floresta, San Rafael, Regional, La Victoria, Juan Bautista Forero, Loma Fresca, Manzanillo, Paraíso de Betel, La Esperanza, 16 de Julio, Norte Félix Arias, 20 de Julio, Buenos Aires, El Prado, Las Delicias, Alpes, Enrique Brito, El Carmen, San Francisco, Juan Antonio Araujo, Rafael de Armas, Las Tunas I y II, Chiquinquirá, Villa Hermosa, Manuel Antonio Dávila, San Juan Bautista, Chapinero, Los Ángeles and Los Olivos.

Corregimientos

 * Cañaverales
 * Caracolí
 * Corral de Piedras
 * El Totumo
 * Guayacanal
 * La Junta
 * La Peña
 * Los Haticos
 * Los Pondores
 * Villa del río

Centros Poblados

 * Boca del Monte
 * Corralejas
 * Curazao
 * El Hatico de los Indios
 * El Tablazo
 * La Peña de los Indios
 * Lagunita
 * Los Cardones
 * El Placer
 * Los Pozos
 * La Sierrita
 * Pondorito
 * Potrerito
 * Zambrano

Veredas

 * Boca del Monte
 * Copo de Nieve
 * Curazao
 * El Caney
 * El Capuchino
 * El Carmen
 * El Limón
 * El Machín
 * El Pital
 * El Placer
 * El Playón
 * El Voladorcito
 * Farias
 * La Loma del Potrero
 * Los Tamacos
 * Los Tunales
 * Piloncito
 * Sabana Grande
 * Sabanas de Joaquina
 * San Benito
 * Tocapalma
 * Torcuatopinto
 * Ulago

Heritage sites
In 2021, the municipality of San Juan del Cesar was selected by the National Tourism Fund (FONTUR) among the 25 municipalities of the "Pueblos que Enamoran" initiative, due to its historical sites and tourist attractions, in particular, La Ruta del Cacique (lit. 'The Cacique's Route').

Churches
In 1973, the community of the municipality decided to raise funds for the construction of a new modern church. The old church was demolished, in the meantime the parish priest Manuel Antonio Dávila ordered to build a small chapel near the cemetery of the municipality, in order to preserve the images of the old church and perform masses there while the new church was being built. The construction of this temple, which today is called the San Juan Bautista Parish, was carried out by the architect from Barranquilla, Carlos Makis Ordóñez, and lasted between 1944 and 1945.

The parishes of San Juan Bautista, El Divino Niño and Nuestra Señora del Carmen located in the town of San Juan del Cesar are supported by the municipal administration for religious events. Also the municipality has several churches categorized as assets of cultural interest by the Ministry of Culture, such as the Lagunita church, which was designated as a material heritage site in July 2003, where eucharistic celebrations are held in honor of the patron saint, San Rafael Arcángel. Another parish that has been considered a cultural property of cultural interest since 2003 is the San Francisco de Asis Church in the corregimiento of Pondores, south of the municipal capital.

Museums
The municipality has the Manuel Antonio Dávila House of Culture, which is attached to the office of Social Management and the Secretariat of Government and Education, which was declared a national heritage site in July 2003 along with the churches of the corregimientos of the municipality. In this cultural events have been held such as events of historical photographs of the municipality. The municipality also contains other heritage sites such as the Ventana Marroncita (lit. 'The Brown Window') which is part of the Cacique route, this place inspired Diomedes Diaz's album "Tres Canciones", this museum located in Corregimiento La Junta, contains clothing and photos of Diomedes. The Corregimiento de La Junta, also has a gallery of Diomedez's eldest daughter, Rosa Elvira Diaz Mejia with personal belongings.

title: San Juan del Cesar


text:
Talk:Jonny McGovern/Archive 1

Random comment
There should be some citations in many claims here and a section for controversies. <IP_ADDRESS> 10:41, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Jonnymcgovern2.jpg
Image:Jonnymcgovern2.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot 03:35, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jonny McGovern/Archive 1


text:
Cookbook:Jalebi (Fritters in Syrup)

| Indian Cuisine | Dessert

Jalebi is a sweet fritter that is shaped like a slightly large, chaotic pretzel. It is traditionally prepared in India and Pakistan. Well-made jalebi has a tart element with a sweet taste.

Batter

 * 3 cups all-purpose flour
 * ¼ cup gram flour
 * ¼ teaspoon baking powder
 * 1½ cups water
 * 3 cups of vegetable oil/ghee for deep frying

Syrup

 * 4 cups white granulated sugar
 * 3 cups water
 * ⅛ teaspoon cream of tartar
 * Red and yellow food colorings
 * 1 teaspoon rosewater

Procedure

 * 1) Mix up the batter ingredients until smooth.
 * 2) Let the batter sit unrefrigerated and uncovered overnight (about 12 hours).
 * 3) Mix the sugar, water, and cream of tartar for the syrup.
 * 4) Stir the syrup over moderate heat until the sugar is dissolved.
 * 5) Put on high heat and boil for 5 minutes.
 * 6) Let the syrup cool, and stir in the rosewater. Use food coloring to tint it light orange.
 * 7) Put the vegetable oil in a wide wok-like dish, and heat to about 350°F (175°C).
 * 8) Put the batter into a pastry bag with about a ¼ inch opening. If it is too dry to squeeze out, mix in a bit of water.
 * 9) Squeeze the batter into the oil, making a couple of figure-eight shapes and loops on top of each other. The shape should be about 3 inches on its longest side.
 * 10) Fry each jalebi until golden brown. Remove, let the oil drain off, then soak in syrup for a minute.
 * 11) Serve.

title: Cookbook:Jalebi (Fritters in Syrup)


text:
Love Live! The School Idol Movie

Love Live! The School Idol Movie (ラブライブ！The School Idol Movie) is a 2015 Japanese animated youth school musical film. The film is part of the Love Live! School Idol Project multimedia series by Sunrise, Lantis and Dengeki G's Magazine, taking place after the second season of the 2013-2014 anime television series. The film was directed by Takahiko Kyōgoku, written by Jukki Hanada, produced by Sunrise, and distributed by Shochiku. The film was released in Japan on June 13, 2015 and licensed in North America by NIS America. The film was the 9th highest-grossing Japanese film of the year in Japan with over ¥2.8 billion and was nominated for Animation of the Year at the 39th Japan Academy Prize.

Plot
The movie begins with a scene from the second years' childhood, where Honoka is trying to jump over a puddle left from the rain, with Kotori cheering her on and Umi watching from behind a tree. Despite failing multiple times and being asked by Kotori to give up and go home instead, she finally manages to soar over it in the end.

The story takes place after the events of the second season, where μ's (pronounced "muse") receives a notification that the organizers of Love Live! intend to hold a third competition, aiming to hold it within Tokyo Dome this time. But to achieve that dream, they require more publicity in order to have it become a sell-out concert. Therefore, to spread the appeal of school idols to even more people, they have decided to send μ's to the United States, where a TV agency has offered to do a cover on them. Even though μ's had already decided to disband, they agree to perform in order to help Love Live! gather more support, as they are still school idols until the end of the month.

While preparing for the live and doing their training in New York City, μ's continues to enjoy themselves as tourists as well, with the insert song "Hello, Hoshi o Kazoete" (Hello,星を数えて) played at the end of the montage. During one of these times, however, Honoka gets separated from the rest of the group. Lost in a foreign land, she encounters a lone Japanese female singer performing on the streets, and is charmed by her beautiful voice singing "As Time Goes By" (Japanese) / "Stars, Come to me!" (International). On the way back to the hotel, Honoka asks about her story, and realizes that they were the same. The singer also used to perform music with her close friends, and ended up alone in New York after many encounters and partings. Honoka was led back to her hotel safely by the singer, but when she turned to introduce her to the rest of μ's, the singer had already vanished. Honoka was left carrying the singer's microphone set, with one question lingering in her head from their conversation: "What's most important is, whose sake do you sing for?" The first section of the movie concludes with them performing "Angelic Angel" in New York's Times Square and Central Park.

After returning to Japan, μ's had become tremendously popular, with the whole of Akihabara covered in their advertisements and goods. Since the video from New York was broadcast across Japan, the girls are now stars, needing to sneak around wearing disguises, with the insert song "?← Heartbeat" playing. But with all the fans telling them that they want μ's to continue forever, the girls' hearts begin to waver regarding their decision to disband. They realize that they have to answer to their fans, and they have only two choices. To surpass the barrier of being only school idols and become actual idols, or to hold onto their original determination and halt activities upon the third years' graduation. Principal Minami also calls them to her office, informing them that she too wishes them to continue even if they have to reinvent themselves as something other than school idols. While Honoka is fretting over the decision at night, Tsubasa calls her out on a late night ride with A-Rise, and tells her about the possibility of lengthening μ's career just like they themselves had, and introduce their management company to her.

Faced with the dilemma out in the middle of a rainstorm, Honoka hears a lone voice singing, and runs into the same singer she met before. Insisting that she needed to thank her, Honoka drags her back to her home, only to have her stop just outside, saying that that was good enough. The singer then asks if Honoka had found the answer to her question yet. After having Honoka close her eyes, the two of them are transported to a hill full of flowers, in front of a large lake. The singer then asks Honoka to jump over the lake, telling her that she definitely can fly whenever she wanted. Honoka proceeds to run down the hill and take the jump, reaffirming her love for the existence of school idols. Eli also sends Honoka a message on behalf of the third years after they had discussed it, telling her their decision to stop activities.

Honoka wakes up the next morning and heads back to the rooftop, where everyone has come to the same decision. There, Honoka announces her final idea, to hold a concert to promote all school idols as their final contribution to the industry. She goes over to UTX High School where she pitches the idea to Tsubasa, who accepts it readily. Despite having sent emails to all school idols across the country, not many of them are accepting of it, which leads Honoka to decide that they need to meet them personally in order for their feelings to get through. "Future Style" plays after this sequence.

Using Maki's money for train fare, they head out in groups of three across the nation to convince school idols to join their endeavor. The massive crowd gathers in Akiba at the end, and begins preparing for the school idol festival to occur. Kotori and Anju work together on the costumes, while Maki and Tsubasa work on the song. On the final evening before the event, Honoka announces to everyone the news of μ's disbandment, to everyone's dismay.

The day of the festival finally arrives, and all of μ's heads towards Akiba together. As Eli decides to start a race there and μ's begins running, Honoka is distracted by a single drifting petal, reminiscent of the flowers upon the hill in the illusionary world. She begins to run while doing pirouettes and spins along the way, feeling that just like before, she really can soar anytime she wanted now with the burden off her shoulders. When she gets to the site, all of μ's is greeted by the sight of all of the school idols already there, dressed in costumes following a style similar to their own design. The massive crowd parts to give them a clear path to the stage, and the festival begins with the performance of "Sunny Day Song", which is now the song for all school idols.

A new school year begins in Otonokizaka High School, with Yukiho and Alisa shown as third years carrying on μ's' will and discussing their plans for the Idol Research Club. The pair give the welcoming speech to the freshmen, talking about how the school was saved by μ's and talking about their finishing performance. The scene then transitions to a backstage flashback of μ's just before their last idol performance. The movie concludes with "Bokutachi wa Hitotsu no Hikari" (僕たちはひとつの光) being performed at the Akiba Dome, signifying the beginning of μ's final performance.

Production
The film was announced in June 2014 at the end of the second season finale of the Love Live! School Idol Project anime television series, as part of the celebration of the fifth anniversary of the franchise.

Music
Three CD singles with insert songs from the film were released. The first, released on July 1, 2015, was "Angelic Angel / Hello, Hoshi o Kazoete", and includes "Angelic Angel" by μ's and by Rin (Riho Iida), Maki (Pile) and Hanayo (Yurika Kubo). It was number-two on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart, with 82,000 copies sold, having the highest ranking and best first week sales of a Love Live! single. It sold an estimated 131,274 copies in 2015, becoming the second best-selling anime CD single of the year in Japan.

The second single, "Sunny Day Song / ?←Heartbeat", was released on July 8 and had "Sunny Day Song" by μ's and "?←Heartbeat" by Eli Ayase (Yoshino Nanjō), Nozomi Tojo (Aina Kusuda) and Nico Yazawa (Sora Tokui). It broke the franchise record for first week sales set by the previous single, with 86,000 copies; it was also number-two on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart. It sold an estimated 125,225 copies, becoming the third best-selling anime CD single of the year in Japan.

The third single, "Bokutachi wa Hitotsu no Hikari / Future Style", was released on July 15 and had by μ's and "Future Style" by Honoka Kōsaka (Emi Nitta), Kotori Minami (Aya Uchida) and Umi Sonoda (Suzuko Mimori) It broke the franchise record for first week sales set by the second single, with 96,000 copies sold; it was also number-two on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart. It sold an estimated 124,254 copies, becoming the fourth best-selling anime CD single of the year in Japan.

Due to a licensing issue in the international version, "As Time Goes By" was replaced with an original song, "Stars, Come to Me!". Both songs were sung by the female singer (Minami Takayama).

Release
In January 2015 the release date for the film was announced as June 13, 2015. It was released on home video in Blu-ray on December 15, 2015. The Limited Special Edition sold 193,769 copies on its first week, becoming the weekly number-one animation Blu-ray in the country. By January 24, 2016, it had sold 220,772 copies. During the first TV broadcast by NHK Educational TV on January 3, 2017, the viewers celebrating with tweeting with their hashtag "#lovelive", and became the #1 trending topic in Japan.

The film was released theatrically in South Korea on September 3, 2015, in the United States on September 11, 2015 and in Indonesia on October 21. As of December 2015, the film had been shown in several other countries, including Australia, Brunei, Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam, and was also scheduled to be released in Canada at the start of 2016.

To commemorate the 10th anniversary of Love Live! School Idol Project anime television series, the film was released theatrically in 4DX format in Japan on March 15, 2024.

Box office
The film was number-one on its opening weekend in Japan, where it grossed ¥400,235,800 and had 251,811 admissions, from 121 theaters. In its second weekend, Love Live! was topped the box office in admissions (188,000) and theater average earning ($17,558), It grossed an estimated ¥261 million, marking a 34.5% decline. The film topped the box office through its third weekend, earning ¥267,161,780 with 188,004 admissions, reaching a total gross close to ¥1.2 billion. In its fourth weekend, Love Live! grossed an estimated ¥156 million a 18% declining, making The film reached a total gross of over ¥1.4 billion and over 1 million admissions. After topping the box office reign for three consecutive weekends, ''Love Live! The School Idol Movie was finally overtaken in its fourth weekend by Avengers: Age of Ultron'' from Marvel Studios and Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The film had earned ¥1.65 billion one month after release ¥1.9 billion 38 days after the release and ¥2 billion by the seventh weekend. By August 1 it had grossed over ¥2.2 billion with over 1.5 million admissions and by August 11 it was over ¥2.3 billion. By August 16, it had grossed ¥2.4 billion and by September 12, it had grossed over ¥2.53 billion, becoming the 5th highest-grossing film distributed by Shochiku since 2000. The film was the 8th highest-grossing Japanese film (together with Flying Colors) and the 6th highest-grossing anime film at the Japanese box office in 2015, with ¥2.8 billion. It grossed ¥2.86 billion ($26,163,074) in total in Japan.

The film became the anime film with most admissions in South Korea, with 86,400 as of October 13, 2015. It went on to sell 133,362 tickets and gross ($943,398) in South Korea. In the United States, the film grossed US$115,840. In Taiwan, it grossed $241,490. In other Asia-Pacific territories, it grossed $236,901. Combined, the film grossed US$million worldwide.

Critical reception
Nick Creamer of Anime News Network said the film is "not a series high point, but it's a reasonable conclusion to the first Love Live! saga."

Awards and nominations
The film was second place for Best Picture at the Newtype Anime Awards 2015. It won an Award of Excellence by being nominated for Animation of the Year at the 39th Japan Academy Prize. It won the Theatrical Animation Division prize at the 2016 Tokyo Anime Award Festival.

title: Love Live! The School Idol Movie


text:
User:Phidauex/SVG tips

Here are some tips on using the SVG image format in Wikipedia articles, and in the Wikimedia Commons.

Benefits of SVG
 * Scalable - the image can be as small as a thumbnail, or as large as a poster, without losing quality, or increasing file size.
 * Open standard - anyone can create software to edit and generate SVG files. The standard is maintained by the W3C, a respected industry standards organization.
 * Editable - images can be easily edited for updates, changing text for multilingual images, etc.

Downsides of SVG
 * New standard - not supported by many browsers natively (though Wikimedia includes support for conversion to PNG on the fly for browsers that do not support it). Different viewers support different 'versions' of SVG, meaning some features may only work on certain viewers.
 * Possibly larger file sizes - May have a larger file size than an equivalent PNG. However, this is a small problem compared to the benefits, and most users will view the smaller rendered PNG file sent by the Wikipedia servers.

When to use SVG

SVG is the preferred file format for line drawings, diagrams, graphs, maps, flow charts, and anything assembled out of lines and curves, as opposed to individual pixels as in a photograph. SVG should be used any time one can expect to edit an image after upload. Examples would be maps that may need to have borders adjusted, or text changed to be multilingual. SVG graphs showing data that might change with time can be edited to stay current.

Images such as photographs and animations should not be attempted in SVG format. Formats such as JPEG, PNG and GIF may be more appropriate. Animation is supported in the SVG standards, but not by Wikipedia. However, this may change in the future, bringing the domain of animations to SVG.

Creating SVG files
To create SVG files, you need a vector graphics package that can save SVG files. Fortunately, there are a wide range of packages for various operating systems. I recommend using Inkscape, which is an open source package compatible with Windows, OS X, and various versions of Linux. It's feature package is fairly mature, and its ease of use makes it ideal for the creation of informational graphics. I will mostly refer to Inkscape when discussing issues and techniques, though most vector graphics packages have similar tools and issues.

Some other vector editors
 * Adobe Illustrator - Expensive, but fully featured. Available for Windows and OS X. Adobe's SVG compliance is very good, and Adobe is a big contributor to the SVG community.
 * Inkscape - Free, open source, and well featured. Inkscape is a dedicated SVG editor, licensed under the open source GPL license. Builds for Windows, OS X, and various flavors of linux are available. Inkscape is well featured, supports the SVG standards in a predictable way, and completely free. Unless you are a graphics professional, this is the SVG editor I recommend, and the one most described here.

Some SVG viewers
 * rSVG - A code base that interprets SVG files, and converts them to PNG. Used by Wikimedia servers for converting SVG to PNG on the fly, for browsers that do not support SVG natively.
 * Mozilla Firefox - Supports basic SVG features natively.
 * Adobe SVG viewer/plugin - Adds full support for SVG, including proposed features and animations. If a file does not look right here, then it is the file's fault.

Using Inkscape for Wikipedia diagrams
Inkscape is ideal for diagrams on Wikipedia. The program comes with a detailed tutorial which I highly recommend following, however, if you have experience with a vector program, its behavior should be predictable. If you have only worked with bitmap image editors, such as Photoshop, MS Paint, etc. then you will have to change how you think of an image. SVGs are built out of collections of lines, shapes, curves, and fills, not individual pixels. You can take a circle 10px wide, stretch it to 100px wide, and it stays a circle, instead of getting a 'jagged edge'. This is the power of a vector program. Stacked objects remain separate, and can be changed at any time. You don't need to 'erase' text, you just select the text object, and delete, or edit it.

After you have created an SVG in Inkscape, you need to upload it to Wikipedia. If your image is going to be freely licensed (as you should be doing!), in either the GFDL, public domain, or compatible Creative-Commons license, then you should upload it to the Wikimedia Commons, this will make your diagram available to all the Wikipedia language editions, instead of just the English Wikipedia. This is especially important with diagrams that do not have English text. These images can be quickly added to other Wikipedias. Your efforts don't just help one group, they help hundreds!

To that end, diagrams and SVG images should contain as little text as possible. If text is necessary, it is possible for others to edit the image, and create a new copy in their language (still helpful), but if captions and other descriptive text are left out of the image, then users can add a caption in their own language in the image template.

Inkscape Problems
Inkscape can save SVG files in two formats, Inkscape SVG, and Plain SVG. Inkscape SVG is a standards compliant SVG file that includes extra information, such as metadata about the file, and other information unique to Inkscape to aid future editing. However, some renderers (such as Wikipedia's!) can get confused by this extra information. To eliminate the possibility of odd rendering problems, files uploaded to Wikipedia should be saved in the Plain SVG format.

Inkscape supports a newer version of the SVG standard than Wikipedia's renderer. This means that some features which work on Adobe's render and in Inkscape, may not work on Wikipedia. Two features that I'm aware of are the advanced stroke features, such as arrowheads, and editable text.

I recommend keeping two copies of your SVG files. Save your file as an Inkscape SVG for your own uses, and reserve this as a 'master copy'.

When it comes time to upload the file to Wikipedia, perform the following steps:
 * Select File>Save As to save a copy of your image in the Plain SVG format.
 * Select all text elements, and choose Path>Object to Path. This will convert text and fonts (which aren't supported by all renderers), into lines and shapes, which are supported by all renderers. You will no longer be able to edit the text as text, but the text will work in all renderers.
 * Select all elements that use fancy strokes, such as arrow heads, dashed lines, etc. and select the Path>Stroke to Path command. This will convert dashed lines and arrow heads to basic lines and shapes. Again, those fancy stroke elements are supported in some renderers, but not in others. The basic lines and shapes are supported everywhere.
 * Save this 'stripped down' version, and upload it to Wikipedia.

Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How large should my SVG images be? A: The absolute size of the document does not matter much, since that only affects how it is displayed when viewed by itself. The file size does not depend on the document dimensions! The image can be stretched or compressed as much as a user wants, without changing quality, or file size. With that in mind, I recommend an image width of around 600px. When a user views the full size image, a width of 600-800px gives them a good close-up view, while still allowing them to fit the entire image on their screen without having to zoom in or out.

Q: How do you change the document size in Inkscape? A: The document size starts out with an A4 page. To make this larger or smaller, create a rectangle with the dimensions you desire the document to be, and select it with the arrow tool. Then select File>Document Properties, and under Custom Size, choose Fit page to selection, and click OK. You can now delete the 'sizing' rectangle, and move or resize the other elements to fit the space you have created.

Q: My text is appearing as little blocks, or isn't showing up at all after upload to Wikipedia! A: Some text features of Inkscape are not supported by Wikipedia's renderer. Select the text objects, and select the command Path>Object to Path. This will convert the text to paths. Save as Plain SVG, and reupload your file.

Q: My arrowheads/dashed lines are appearing as little blocks, or aren't showing up at all after upload to Wikipedia! A: Some stroke features of Inkscape are not supported by Wikipedia's renderer. Select the offending objects, and select the command Path>Stroke to Path. This will convert the strokes to paths. Save as Plain SVG, and reupload your file.

Q: How do I get rid of the transparent background? A: Do you really need to? Usually not! Wikipedia's renderer will convert the SVG file to PNG with a white background for display. Browsers that natively support SVG transparency will show the background color through the image, white! Leaving your image transparent behind helps future editors, and allows the image to be displayed over other background colors without a big white square. However, if your image really needs a specific colored background, create a rectangle the size of the image, fill it with the background color of your choice, and choose the command Object>Lower to Bottom. Save your image, and enjoy the solid background color!

title: User:Phidauex/SVG tips


text:
soudan

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) A sultan especially one of the rulers of major Muslim states in the Middle Ages.
 * 2)  A Muslim soldier or noble.

title: soudan


text:
Reality in Buddhism

Reality in Buddhism is called dharma (Sanskrit) or dhamma (Pali). This word, which is foundational to the conceptual frameworks of the Indian religions, refers in Buddhism to the system of natural laws which constitute the natural order of things. Dharma is therefore reality as-it-is (yatha-bhuta). The teaching of Gautama Buddha constitutes a method by which people can come out of their condition of suffering through developing an awareness of reality (see mindfulness). Buddhism thus seeks to address any disparity between a person's view of reality and the actual state of things. This is called developing Right or Correct View (Pali: samma ditthi). Seeing reality as-it-is is thus an essential prerequisite to mental health and well-being according to Buddha's teaching.

Buddhism addresses deeply philosophical questions regarding the nature of reality. One of the fundamental teachings is that all the constituent forms (sankharas) that make up the universe are transient (Pali: anicca), arising and passing away, and therefore without concrete identity or ownership (atta). This lack of enduring ownership or identity (anatta) of phenomena has important consequences for the possibility of liberation from the conditions which give rise to suffering. This is explained in the doctrine of dependent origination.

One of the most discussed themes in Buddhism is that of the emptiness (sunyata) of form (Pali: rūpa), an important corollary of the transient and conditioned nature of phenomena. Reality is seen, ultimately, in Buddhism as a form of 'projection', resulting from the fruition (vipaka) of karmic seeds (sankharas). The precise nature of this 'illusion' that is the phenomenal universe is debated among different schools. For example;

 * Some consider that the concept of the unreality of "reality" is confusing. They posit that the perceived reality is considered illusory not in the sense that reality is a fantasy or unreal, but that perceptions and preconditions mislead to believe that one is separate from the material. Reality, in this school of Buddhist thought, would be described as the manifestation of karma.
 * Other schools of thought in Buddhism (e.g., Dzogchen), consider perceived reality literally unreal. As Chögyal Namkhai Norbu puts it: "In a real sense, all the visions that we see in our lifetime are like a big dream [...]". In this context, the term 'visions' denotes not only visual perceptions, but appearances perceived through all senses, including sounds, smells, tastes and tactile sensations, and operations on received mental objects.

Reality in Buddhist scriptures
Buddhist sutras devote considerable space to the concept of reality, with each of two major doctrines—the Doctrine of Dependent Origination (pratitya-samutpada) and the Doctrine of Cause and Effect (karma and vipaka)—attempting to incorporate both the natural and the spiritual into its overall world view. Buddhist teachings continue to explore the nature of the world and our place in it.

The Buddha promoted experience over theorizing. According to Karel Werner, "Experience is ... the path most elaborated in early Buddhism. The doctrine on the other hand was kept low. The Buddha avoided doctrinal formulations concerning the final reality as much as possible in order to prevent his followers from resting content with minor achievements on the path in which the absence of the final experience could be substituted by conceptual understanding of the doctrine or by religious faith, a situation which sometimes occurs, in both varieties, in the context of Hindu systems of doctrine."

The Mahayana developed those statements he did make into an extensive, diverse set of sometimes contrasting descriptions of reality "as it really is." For example, in Tibetan Buddhism the Gelugpa draw a distinction between Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika in Madhyamika philosophy. This distinction was most prominently promulgated by Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419 CE), when he argued that this distinction can be found explicitly and implicitly in the works of Nagarjuna, Chandrakirti, and Buddhapalita.

The Theravada school teaches that there is no universal personal god. The world does not have its origin in a primordial being such as brahman or the creator god. What is seen is only a product of transitory factors of existence, which depend functionally upon each other. The Buddha is said to have said: "The world exists because of causal actions, all things are produced by causal actions and all beings are governed and bound by causal actions. They are fixed like the rolling wheel of a cart, fixed by the pin of its axle shaft." (Sutta Nipata 654)

The word 'illusion' is frequently associated with Buddhism and the nature of reality. Some interpretations of Buddhism teach that reality is a coin with two sides: the not-permanent characteristic or anicca and the "not-self characteristic" or anatta, referred to as "emptiness" in some Mahayana schools. Dzogchen, as the non-dual culmination of the Nyingmapa (a sect with a few million followers out of a few hundred million Buddhists) of Mantrayana, resolves atman and anatman into the Mindstream Doctrine of Tapihritsa. The Buddha Shakyamuni is said to have taught the variously understood and interpreted concept of "not-self" in the Anatta-lakkhana Sutta. In this sutta, he lists the characteristics that are often associated with self identity, and found that these characteristics, ultimately, are not who an individual is because they are subject to change without control. He further illustrates the changing nature of feelings, perceptions, and consciousness.

The concepts of not-permanent and not-self in objective terms, for example by deconstructing the concept of an aggregated object such as a lotus and seeing that the flower is made up entirely of non-flower elements like soil, nutrients, photosynthetic energy, rain water and the effort of the entities that nourished and grew the flower. All of these factors, according to the Diamond Sutra, co-exist with each other to manifest what we call a 'flower'. In other words, there is no essence arisen from nothingness that is unique and personal to any being. In particular, there is neither a human soul that lives on beyond the death of the physical body nor one that is extinguished at death since, strictly speaking, there is nothing to extinguish. The relative reality (i.e., the illusory perceived reality) comes from our belief that human life is separate from the rest of the things in the universe and, at times, at odds with the processes of nature and other beings. The ultimate or absolute reality, in some schools of Buddhist thought, shows that we are inter-connected with all things. The concept of non-discrimination expands on this by saying that, while a chair is different from a flower, they 'inter-are' because they are each made of non-flower and non-chair elements. Ultimately those elements are the same, so the distinction between chair and flower is one of quantity not of quality.

The Diamond Sutra, a Mahayana scripture, has many passages that use the formula: A is not A, therefore A is called A.

Reality and dreams in Dzogchen
In Dzogchen, perceived reality is considered to be illusion.

"The real sky is (knowing) that samsara and nirvana are merely an illusory display."

- Mipham Rinpoche

According to contemporary teacher Chögyal Namkhai Norbu, all appearances perceived during the whole life of an individual, through all senses, including sounds, smells, tastes and tactile sensations in their totality, are like a big dream. It is claimed that, on careful examination, the dream of life and regular nightly dreams are not very different, and that in their essential nature there is no difference between them.

The non-essential difference between the dreaming state and ordinary waking experience is that the latter is more concrete and linked to attachment; the dreaming experience while sleeping is slightly detached.

Also according to this teaching, there is a correspondence between the states of sleep and dream and our experiences when we die. After experiencing the intermediate state of bardo, an individual comes out of it, a new karmic illusion is created and another existence begins. This is how transmigration happens.

According to Dzogchen teachings, the energy of an individual is essentially without form and free from duality. However, karmic traces contained in the individual's mindstream give rise to two kinds of forms:

 * forms that the individual experiences as his or her body, voice and mind
 * forms that the individual experiences as an external environment.

What appears as a world of permanent external phenomena, is the energy of the individual him or herself. There is nothing completely external or separate from the individual. Everything that manifests in the individual's field of experience is a continuum. This is the 'Great Perfection' that is discovered in Dzogchen practice.

It is possible to do yogic practice such as Dream Yoga and Yoga Nidra whilst dreaming, sleeping and in other bardo states of trance. In this way the yogi can have a very strong experience and with this comes understanding of the dream-like nature of daily life. This is also very relevant to diminishing attachments, because they are based on strong beliefs that life's perceptions such as objects are real and as a consequence: important. If one really understands what Buddha Shakyamuni meant when he said that everything is (relatively) unreal, then one can diminish attachments and tensions.

The teacher advises that the realization that life is only a big dream can help us finally liberate ourselves from the chains of various emotions, different kinds of attachment and the chains of ego. Then we have the possibility of ultimately becoming enlightened.

Different schools and traditions in Tibetan Buddhism give different explanations of what is called "reality".

Reality in the Tathagatagarbha Sutras
Prior to the period of the Tathagatagarbha Sutras, Mahayana metaphysics had been dominated by teachings on emptiness in the form of Madhyamaka philosophy. The language used by this approach is primarily negative, and the Tathagatagarbha genre of sutras can be seen as an attempt to state orthodox Buddhist teachings of dependent origination using positive language instead, to prevent people from being turned away from Buddhism by a false impression of nihilism. In these sutras the perfection of the wisdom of not-self is stated to be the true self; the ultimate goal of the path is then characterized using a range of positive language that had been used in Indian philosophy previously by essentialist philosophers, but which was now transmuted into a new Buddhist vocabulary to describe a being who has successfully completed the Buddhist path.

Contrasting with some forms of Buddhism, the Buddha's teaching on 'reality' in the Tathagatagarbha Mahayana scriptures - which the Buddha states constitute the ultimate manifestation of the Mahayana Dharma (other Mahayana sutras make similar claims about their own teachings) - insists that there truly is a sphere or realm of ultimate truth - not just a repetitious cycle of interconnected elements, each dependent on the others. That suffering-filled cycle of x-generating-y-and-y-generating-z-and-z-generating-a, etc., is Samsara, the prison-house of the reincarnating non-self; whereas liberation from dependency, enforced rebirth and bondage is nirvana or reality / spiritual essence (tattva / dharmata). This sphere also bears the name Tathagatagarbha (Buddha matrix). It is the deathless realm where dependent origination holds no sway, where non-self is supplanted by the everlasting, sovereign (aishvarya) self (atman) (as a trans-historical, unconditioned, ultimate, liberating, supra-worldly yet boundless and immanent awakened mind). Of this real truth, called nirvana - which, while salvationally infused into samsara, is not bound or imprisoned in it - the Buddha states in the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra:

"What is the Real (tattva)? Knowledge of the true attributes of Nirvana; the Tathagata, the Dharma, the Sangha, and the attributes of space ... is the Real. What is knowledge of the attributes of Nirvana? The attributes of Nirvana are eightfold. What are these eight? Cessation [of ignorance and suffering]; loveliness/ wholesomeness; Truth; Reality; Eternity, Bliss, the Self [atman], and complete Purity: that is Nirvana."

He further comments: " ... that which is endowed with the Eternal, Bliss, the Self, and Purity is stated to be the meaning of 'Real Truth' ... Moreover, the Real is the Tathagata [i.e., the Buddha]; the Tathagata is the Real ... The Tathagata is not conditioned and not tainted, but utterly blissful: this is the Real ...".

Thus, in such doctrines, a very positive goal is envisioned, which is said to lie beyond the grasp of the five senses and the ordinary, restless mind, and only attainable through direct meditative perception and when all inner pollutants (twisted modes of view, and all moral contaminants) are purged, and the inherently deathless, spotless, radiantly shining mind of Buddha stands revealed. This is the realm of the Buddha-dhatu (popularly known as buddha nature) - inconceivable, beginning-less, endless, omniscient truth, the Dharmakaya (quintessential body-and-mind) of the Buddha. This reality is empty of all falsehood, impermanence, ignorance, afflictions, and pain, but filled with enduring happiness, purity, knowingness (jnana), and omni-radiant loving-kindness (maitri).

Vipassanā
Vipassanā (Pāli) or vipaśyanā (Sanskrit: विपश्यन) in the Buddhist tradition means insight into the true nature of reality. It is a practice of realizing our reality in order to see life as it is, in turn liberating ourselves like Lord Buddha.

title: Reality in Buddhism


text:
High Off My Love

"High Off My Love" is a song recorded by American recording artist Paris Hilton featuring rapper Birdman. It was written by Hilton, Corte "The Author" Ellis, Charles D. Anderson and Frederick "Diji D" Allen IV, Rondell "Mr. Beatz" Cobbs II and Bryan "Birdman" Williams, with production completed by Mr. Beatz. After several delays, the song first surfaced onto the internet on May 5, 2015, when it was mistakenly released in the United States by several online music stores. It was officially released worldwide on May 15, 2015, along with a music video, by Cash Money Records.

Musically, "High Off My Love" is an up-tempo R&B and trap song, and also incorporates elements of eurodance. The song's lyrics revolve around people meeting at a party and wanting to "get high off their love". Compared to her previous two singles, it received relatively positive reviews from music critics.

The song's accompanying music video was shot in Los Angeles, California, and directed by Hannah Lux Davis. Mainly shot in black-and-white, it depicts Hilton in various bondage-themed outfits. Fifty Shades of Grey and Madonna's music video for "Justify My Love" served as its main inspirations.

Background and release

Hilton first announced "High Off My Love" as her next single in June 2014 when she was shooting a music video for her song "Come Alive". In January 2015, it was announced that the single would be released in February 2015; Hilton later confirmed this on her Twitter account. On February 8, 2015, she spoke about the single in a red carpet interview at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards and said it would be released in March 2015. On March 18, while promoting her 18th fragrance, Hilton said the single's release date had been delayed and that it would be released either in April or May 2015 instead. Later that same month, during an interview with AllAccess at Miami Music Week, she confirmed the song was produced by Mr. Beatz and that it would be released on April 28. On April 8, however, Hilton stated the single had been pushed back and that the new release date was May 5. On April 15, she posted a preview of the music video on her Instagram. Perez Hilton posted an exclusive 14-second preview of the music video along with the artwork for the single on April 16.

Hilton also announced several contests via her Instagram where people could design the cover for the single. On April 19, Hilton tweeted that the song would be released earlier and set the new release date to May 4. On April 23, she posted another preview of the music video on her Instagram. On April 29, an extended forty-two-minute snippet of the song leaked onto the internet. On April 30, Hilton announced via her Twitter that the single had been delayed again and would be released on May 15. She explained she wanted it to be released during her stay in the United Kingdom, so she could promote the single. On May 4, a full version of "High Off My Love" surfaced online, after it was mistakenly released by several online music stores including 7digital, Amazon.com and the music streaming service Spotify. Two versions of the song were released, one featuring the rapper Birdman and a clean version without his verse. The single was later taken down from all the online stores. On May 6, Hilton posted a behind-the-scenes from the set of the music video on her YouTube channel.

Composition
"High Off My Love" is an up-tempo dance-pop song which is influenced by EDM and trap music. It also incorporates elements of other genres such as eurodance. Set in the time signature of common time, "High Off My Love" has a moderate tempo of 133 beats per minute. It features hoover synth and pre-chorus which transitions into a trap beat.

Critical reception
Compared to her previous singles "Good Time" and "Come Alive", "High Off My Love" received mostly positive reviews from critics. Hilton's vocals have been compared to those of Britney Spears.

Background and concept
The music video for "High Off My Love" was released on May 15, 2015, to Hilton's official Vevo. It was directed by Hannah Lux Davis who had previously worked with Hilton on music videos for her singles "Good Time" and "Come Alive". It was shot on June 25, 2014, in Los Angeles, California. Hilton had previously announced an open casting call on her Twitter looking for models to be in the video.

"The video is actually inspired by Madonna's "Justify My Love" because the song is very sexy and sexual. It's about love and how it makes me feel high. I wanted the video to be really sexy and fun, and it's completely the opposite of the "Come Alive" video. I wanted to do two separate kinds of videos."

Hilton also cited Fifty Shades of Grey as an inspiration for the music video.

Synopsis and reception
The music video begins with a dark silhouette and multiple shots accompanied by heavy breath sounds. It is followed by a scene where Hilton, sporting a black coat and a beehive hairdo, walks through a hall. Different images of Hilton can be seen throughout the video. Billboard reviewed the video calling it "racy and awesomely retro, like "I'm a Slave 4 U" meets "Dirrty" – with BDSM costumes, bare midriffs and lots and lots of heavy breathing".

The video received 314,000 worldwide views in two days after its release and more than one million views in its first week.

Live performances and promotion
Hilton debuted the single on May 7 at the nightclub Legends in Abu Dhabi. The single release party was announced after she cancelled her DJ performance on April 30.

She later premiered the song in Cannes at the nightclub V.I.P Room at her DJ set on May 16, 2015.

Track listings and formats

 * Digital download – Explicit
 * 1) "High Off My Love" (featuring Birdman) – 3:45

 * Digital download – Clean
 * 1) "High Off My Love" – 3:19

Credits

 * Paris Hilton – vocals, songwriter
 * Rondell "Mr. Beatz" Cobbs II – producer, songwriter
 * Corte "The Author" Ellis – songwriter
 * Frederick "Diji D" Allen IV – songwriter
 * Charles D. Anderson - songwriter (Virginia USA)
 * Bryan "Birdman" Williams – songwriter
 * Andrew B. Allen – engineer, mixing

title: High Off My Love


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User:Ruth NK/sandbox

Akauveh Erumena Glenn (born 22 July 1985), popularly known by his stage name Glenn Mena, is a Nigerian Recording artiste, songwriter, instrumentalist and Afropolitan model currently signed to Mask and Music Group. He rose to limelight after one of his singles "Movement", earned him nomination at the 2013 MAYA Awards. He was also nominated in the "Next Rated Act" category at the 2015 Scream All Youths Awards.

Early life
Glenn Mena was born and raised in Warri, Delta state where he lived most parts of his early life. Glenn attended DSC Primary School, James welch Grammar school, Emevor and Methodist Comprehensive College, Sagamu for his elementary and tetiary educations respectively.

Career & success
Glenn's music career officially kicked off in 2007 under Phat Joints Entertainment back in University days at the prestigious Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile ife where he met up with ace producer Emmanuel Akaiso "Blak Noggin". He gained recognition in 2012 with the hit single "Movement" produced by UC Prof under Phoenix Records and that widespread success the platform that led to other major singles that followed suit. From "Je ko ye e" to his "Sound it (freestyle)" and "Packaging" increasing his fan base as the years go by. Glenn as a musician has not limited himself to one particular genre. The crooner has delved into various genre of music while reiterating that the original goal is to touch as many as he can before he dies.

Personal life
Glenn is a lover of life in relation to art, family, culture, fashion, sports and whatever phenomena that drives the afropolitan/afrocentric concept forward. He believes in hardwork and the ability to finding one's self using talent as a tool. With B.Sc honors in Business Administration, Glenn graduated from Lead City University, Ibadan.

Selected Extended plays

 * The Mask & Music EP Project Cut one (2016)
 * Mask & Music 2017 shelf project (2017)

title: User:Ruth NK/sandbox