text:
Paul Laus

Paul Laus (born September 26, 1970) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League for the Florida Panthers. Laus was the last original member of the Panthers.

Career
Born in Beamsville, Ontario, Laus was a Junior B standout with the St. Catharines Falcons before joining the Ontario Hockey League. He spent three years with the Hamilton Steelhawks/Niagara Falls Thunder franchise and was selected 37th overall by the Pittsburgh Penguins at the 1989 NHL Entry Draft. He spent his first three years as a pro in the International Hockey League and ECHL, including a stint with the short-lived Albany Choppers.

The rugged blueliner was claimed by the Florida Panthers in the 1993 NHL Expansion Draft. His solid defensive work and willingness to take on the toughest players in the league made him a valuable player on the club as it set an NHL record for expansion teams with 83 points. Two years later, he scored two goals and was a workhorse in 21 games as the Panthers reached the Stanley Cup finals. Laus continued to be an enforcer and team leader through the end of the 2000–01 season and was the only person to play in all of the club's first eight seasons. His grit and determination made him a fan favourite and he is still one of the most beloved all-time Panthers along with Scott Mellanby.

In the 1996–97 NHL season Laus set an NHL record with 39 fighting majors in 77 games while also setting career highs in assists, points, plus/minus, and penalty minutes.

However, injuries limited Laus to only 70 games over his last two seasons. After his latest wrist injury, in 2002, he never played another professional game. Eventually, Laus officially retired and moved back to Ontario.

Records

 * Holds the NHL record for most fighting majors in a season with 39, set during the 1996–97 season.
 * Florida Panthers team record: Most career penalty minutes (1,702)

title: Paul Laus


text:
Organic Chemistry/Introduction to reactions/Bond dissociation energy

> Introduction to reactions

The bond dissociation energy, or bond enthalpy, for a diatomic molecule X-Y is defined as the energy required to break one mole of X-Y bonds, as illustrated in the following process...

 * X-Y(g) → X(g) + Y(g)

Bond enthalpies always refer to breaking bonds under gaseous conditions.

The mean molar bond enthalpy is an average value that is quoted for a bond that can occur in different molecular environments. An example is methane, CH4

 * CH4(g) → C(g) + 4H(g)

Bond enthalpy values are used in Hess's Law Calculations.

The standard enthalpy of a reaction can be found by considering the bond enthalpies of the products and reactants of the reaction -

 * Standard Enthalpy = Σ Enthalpy of formation of the products - Σ Enthalpy of formation of reactants

For stronger bonds, bond dissociation energy is higher as more energy is needed to break the bond.

A carbon-carbon double bond is stronger than a single bond and requires more energy to be broken. However, a carbon-carbon double bond is not twice as strong as a single one, it is only 1.5 times stronger.

All chemical bonds need an input of energy to be broken, as bonds allow a lower energy state for the component atoms. If a bond did not offer a lower energy state for the atoms that form it, a bond would not form.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/Local/es.zimagez.com

Links

 * es.zimagez.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

 * http resolves to [//X X]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Selected additions

 * Displayed 4 additions out of 6 total.	 For more info see WikiProject_Spam/LinkReports/es.zimagez.com

Entry
Log entry for the MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist:

\bes\.zimagez\.com\b        # ADMINNAME # see  [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spam/Local/es.zimagez.com ]] \bhttp\b                    # ADMINNAME # see  [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spam/Local/http ]]

Discussion
See COIBot report for more details.

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 06:57, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

New data reported. No links left in here mentioned edits. Marked stale. --COIBot (talk) 07:42, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

New data reported. No links left in here mentioned edits. Marked stale. --COIBot (talk) 08:05, 8 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Classical Mythology

Introduction
Welcome to the Classical Mythology course, a part of the School of Comparative Mythology at Wikiversity! This course provides a general introduction to the myths of Ancient Greece and Rome, including an overview of myth theories and brief looks at other mythologies, such as in Egypt and Mesopotamia.

Objectives
By the end of this course, students will be able to:
 * define myths and distinguish them from other narrative forms.
 * narrate basic events of Greek mythology, such as the creation of the world through the creation of people.
 * identify and describe the Olympians and other important deities.
 * compare Greek and Roman mythologies to each other
 * use modern theories of myth to explain ancient myths
 * connect Greek and Roman mythologies to other mythologies in the Mediterranean world and beyond
 * expand this course with their own independent modules about Classical Myth

Lessons
 Conceptual Overviews: Primordials
 * 1) What is a myth?
 * 2) Historical Background
 * 3) The Birth of the Gods
 * 4) Creation of Humans  The Gods:
 * 5) Zeus
 * 6) Apollo
 * 7) Hermes and Hephaestus
 * 8) Love, Fertility and Power: Aphrodite
 * 9) Warlike Women: Athena and Artemis
 * 10) Demeter -- Vegetable Fertility
 * 11) Dionysus -- Identity  />The Heroes:
 * 12) Orpheus
 * 13) Heracles
 * 14) Theseus and the Minotaur
 * 15) Oedipus and Thebes
 * 16) Jason and the Argonauts
 * 17) Perseus  Epics of War:
 * 18) The Origin of the Trojan War
 * 19) Achilles and The Iliad
 * 20) The Fall of Troy
 * 21) The Return of Agamemnon
 * 22) The Adventures of Odysseus
 * 23) Odysseus in the Land of the Dead
 * 24) The Return of Odysseus  Roman Mythology:
 * 25) Roman Myth and Legend
 * 26) Aeneas
 * 27) Romulus and Remus to Julius Caesar
 * 28) The Survival of Classical Mythology
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #F5DEB3; border: 1px solid #660000; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #F5DEB3; border: 1px solid #660000; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Exams
Ready to test your knowledge? Go to the Exams section.
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #F5DEB3; border: 1px solid #660000; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #F5DEB3; border: 1px solid #660000; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Instructor
This course is a collaborative project by the students of HU-301 at Capitol College. If you have questions or suggestions, feel free to contact Kenmayer.
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #F5DEB3; border: 1px solid #660000; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #F5DEB3; border: 1px solid #660000; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Major Sites about Greek Mythology

 * THEOI Greek Mythology includes a complete translation of | Apollodorus's Library of Greek Mythology
 * Greek Mythology Link an impressive collection of materials
 * Greek Mythology.COM
 * Greek Myth Index
 * Greek Mythology article in Wikipedia

Ancient Sources for Greek myths in English Translation

 * Hesiod, Theogony
 * Ovid Metamorphoses
 * | Homer The Iliad and in a modern translation here
 * | Homer The Odyssey and in a modern translation here
 * Vergil The Aeneid
 * Aeschylus' Oresteia

General Introductions to Greek Mythology in Print

 * Mark P. O. Morford, Classical Mythology, Oxford University Press, 1999.
 * Barry B. Powell. Classical Myth, Pearson College Division, 2011.
 * William Hansen, William F. Hansen, Classical Mythology: A Guide to the Mythical World of the Greeks and Romans, Oxford University Press, 2005.
 * Walter Burkert, Greek Religion: Archaic and Classical Wiley-Blackwell, 1991. on Amazon

Theories of Myth Interpretation

 * Eric Csapo, Theories of Mythology, Wiley, 2005
 * Bruce Lincoln, Theorizing Myth: Narrative, Ideology, and Scholarship, University of Chicago Press, 1999
 * Andrew Von Hendy, The Modern Construction of Myth, Indiana University Press, 2002
 * Myth as Thought: Modern Theory and Myth
 * Theories of Myth Interpretation Study Guide, Powell Classical Myth
 * Nadia Sels Myth, Mind and Metaphor:On the Relation of Mythology and Psychoanalysis
 * Ways of Interpreting Myth
 * Theory of Myth - Monmouth College
 * APPROACHES TO MYTH: THE SEARCH FOR THE UNIVERSAL THEORY
 * Interpreting Myth flashcards | Quizlet
 * WAYS OF INTERPRETING MYTH

title: Classical Mythology


text:
Robert Honorary Award

The Robert Honorary Award (Æres-Robert, Honorary Robert) has been given occasionally since 1986 as one of the Robert Awards (Robert prisen) by the Danish Film Academy. It is the Danish equivalent of the American Academy Honorary Award.

A Robert Honorary Award may be given to a film professional whose many years in the film industry deserve recognition and praise. It is also with this award, the Film Academy may choose to honour those film professionals that can not be nominated for a Robert within the existing categories – casting director, line producing, poster designers, and so on. The price is always given with a motivation and traditionally awarded at the Robert-ceremony.

In 2014, the Film Academy introduced one Honorary Robert Award, which the Board may choose to give to international film artists and film professionals, whose work has inspired and motivated Danish film-makers.

Recipients

 * 1986: Erik Rasmussen
 * 1990: Ebbe Rode
 * 1991: Jannik Hastrup
 * 1994: Astrid Henning-Jensen
 * 1995: Per Holst
 * 1998: Henning Bahs and Erik Balling
 * 1999: Henning Moritzen
 * 2000: Marguerite Viby
 * 2001: Rolf Konow
 * 2002: Tove Jystrup
 * 2003: Kenneth Madsen
 * 2004: Helle Virkner
 * 2005: Bent Fabricius-Bjerre
 * 2006: Kirsten Dalgaard
 * 2009:
 * 2010: Jette Termann
 * 2011: Jan Lehmann
 * 2012: Henning Carlsen
 * 2013: Ghita Nørby
 * 2014: Karen Bentzon
 * 2014: William Friedkin (Lifetime Achievement Award, Honorary Robert)
 * 2015: Christel Hammer
 * 2017: Jimmy Leavens
 * 2018: Tivi Magnusson

title: Robert Honorary Award


text:
Talk:Darryl Jones

Re: Incorrect link
The link to the Darryl Jones website takes you to a shopping site!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:29, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Guitarists
Shouldn't Jones be listed in this project too? For some reason, I'm missing something, because I can't seem to add the project tag to his page no matter what I do. --Leahtwosaints (talk) 07:42, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

Category:Member of The Rolling Stones?
Is it appropriate to have Jones listed in the external links' Category section as a member of The Rolling Stones when he is actually a sideman and session player at best? --Leahtwosaints (talk) 02:36, 1 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Well he's been playing bass for the stones for longer than Bill Wyman did... Stub Mandrel (talk) 22:15, 30 December 2016 (UTC)
 * That doesn't make him a member of the band (in case anyone's interested 4 years later). Joefromrandb (talk) 02:12, 13 July 2020 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Darryl Jones


text:
Wikipedia:GLAM/GibraltarpediA/References

Online

 * DiscoverGibraltar.com - Comprehensive website on Gibraltar's history, heritage and attractions.
 * History of the Late Siege of Gibraltar - Account of the Great Siege of Gibraltar by John Drinkwater Bethune.
 * Gibraltar - John L. Stoddard's Lectures - Illustrated 1901 account of Gibraltar.
 * Upper Rock Nature Reserve: A Management and Action Plan - 2005 comprehensive report on the nature reserve.
 * Gibraltar Development Plan - 2009 urban development plan outlining Government policies for historical and otherwise sensitive sites within the old town and Gibraltar as a whole.


text:
GCSE Science/Answers-Static Electricity

Back to GCSE Science/Static Electricity

Q1) 3 --- all atoms have the same number of protons as electrons

Q2) Negative ---	electrons have been added to the balloon.

Q3 left hand pair) Negative--- The balloons are  repelled

Q3 right hand pair)Positive --- The balloons are attracted. Remember '"like charges repel, unlike charges attract'''

Q4) The purpose of the washing up bowl is to insulate the girl from the ground. People are reasonable conductors of electricity. If the girl just stood on the floor electricity would run through her body and leak away. She would act as an earth wire for the Van de Graaf.

Q5) The girl's hairs all pick up static electricity from the Van de Graaf machine. Remember like charges repel, so each hair tries to get as far away from the other hairs as possible. That is why her hair stands on end.

title: GCSE Science/Answers-Static Electricity


text:
Aragonese Castle (Reggio Calabria)

Aragonese Castle (Castello Aragonese) is a castle in Reggio Calabria enlarged to its current extent by Ferdinand I of Aragon.

title: Aragonese Castle (Reggio Calabria)


text:
alegorija

Etymology
Ultimately borrowed from, itself from.

Noun

 * 1) allegory

Noun

 * 1) allegory

title: alegorija


text:
Raisi, Razavi Khorasan

Raisi is a village in, and the capital of, Eshqabad Rural District of the Central District of Miyan Jolgeh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.

Village
At the 2006 National Census, its population was 901 in 222 households, when it was in the former Miyan Jolgeh District of Nishapur County. The following census in 2011 counted 940 people in 281 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 1,031 people in 323 households.

In 2023, Miyan Jolgeh District was separated from Nishapur County in the establishment of Miyan Jolgeh County, which was divided into two districts of two rural districts each, with the city of Eshqabad as its capital.

title: Raisi, Razavi Khorasan


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Dundalk F.C./archive1

Dundalk F.C.

 * Nominator(s):  Daniel Sexton (talk 01:28, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

This article is about a leading Irish association football club - Dundalk F.C., the current League of Ireland champions. It's quite a long read covering the origins of the club and its subsequent highs and lows up to and including its recent highly successful period. While the club itself is not of the stature of leading European clubs, I believe the article is worthy of interest. It has already received 'Good Article' status, and has, I believe, been improved since. I have been working on it for a number of months trying to ensure its neutrality, its accuracy and that there's a nice pace to the prose. I am keen to make the article as good as possible and will make any suggested improvements asap. Thank you very much in advance to anyone who spends time on this nomination.

Comments by Kosack

 * I don't think there's a need to repeat links for the history, European football and records pages at the bottom of the lead. I wouldn't include them in a see also section either, they're already included in relevant sections and in the club template at the bottom of the page.
 * Removed
 * There seems to be quite a few seemingly unreferenced parts. A paragraph shouldn't really end without a source.
 * Fixed, for many references are there just sentence structure used had them mid sentence. Inserted more citations where necessary.
 * Not sure about the heading "As you were".
 * Came from a referenced match report, have modified sections to remove.
 * The personnel section appears to be unsourced.
 * Added source from club website
 * What does the star indicate in the honours table?
 * A tenth title. This is explained in the "Colours and Crest" section, which links to appropriate Wiki article. Have removed the star anyway to avoid confusion.
 * There are a very large amount of references with no accessdates. I can also see a bare url (ref 194).
 * Fixed bare url. All access-dates inserted.

I think there's a decent bit of work to do to get this up to FA, a peer review may have been more appropriate before bringing it here. These are the obvious big issues I noted during a very quick read so there's something to get started on. Kosack (talk) 13:03, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Probably hubris on my part to go straight to FA, but I tried to follow the Cardiff City F.C. article style and thought it was pretty close. Thank you for your time!  Daniel Sexton (talk 01:43, 22 September 2019 (UTC)''

Nice work doing the fixes so quick, I'll try and provide a few more points to keep the general improvements going:
 * Link UEFA club coefficients to UEFA coefficient.
 * done
 * "After reaching a Leinster Junior Cup final, and dominating the local scene for three seasons, Dundalk G.N.R. were elected to the Leinster Senior League for 1922–23 to replace sides promoted to the nascent Free State League", the ref included at the end of this sentence (5) only supports them being elected to the league, no mention of a cup final or dominating the local scene?
 * citations added
 * Ref 6 only appears as a headline for me? "Dundalk get in on the ballot" but no article?
 * The newspaper archive engine can do that - splits articles from their headings. I've added a second citation for the body
 * "On 21 August 1926 the team, still known as Dundalk G.N.R.", if the team's name hasn't changed I don't think we need to be pointing it out.
 * edited
 * "that season's Leinster Cup final", is this now the Leinster Senior Cup (association football)? Could do with a link if so.
 * yes, done.
 * In the second paragraph of "First successes", Dublin City Cup is linked twice in two sentences. No need for the repeat link in such close proximity, per WP:OVERLINK.
 * done
 * You use First World War earlier but World War 2 later on. Use one format for consistency.
 * done
 * Does public limited company need to be capitalised?
 * fixed
 * Bradford > Bradford City.
 * done
 * Top Four Cup is mentioned in the paragraph before it is linked, move the link to the first use.
 * done
 * "Oriel Park tasted", a little journalistic. How about simply "hosted"?
 * done
 * "The town swelled with pride at what its club was achieving", doesn't seem much like a WP:NPOV and the closest ref (40) doesn't do much to support this either.
 * edited
 * Dublin City Cup linked two more times in this paragraph.
 * edited
 * "an ageing team was getting less competitive", getting less is a little clunky. Was struggling to compete, perhaps?
 * better! done
 * "Dundalk Football Club", do we need to suddenly use the full name here?
 * edited - "club's board"
 * The "Decline and Upheaval" section features some rather dramatic wording for an encyclopedia. Phrases such as "facing into severe headwinds", "the long-feared financial crisis came to a crunch" and "the reality of life in the lower tier kicked in" are an example of this.
 * have hopefully edited appropriately.
 * It seems a little odd for the European competition section to be added on to, an otherwise chronogically ordered history section. Perhaps it is better suited for the records section?
 * agreed moved
 * No obvious ref for the European competition record table.
 * citation added
 * Do we need the enforced line break after the table? Seems to be adding whitespace for no obvious reason.
 * did that because of how it looked on a mobile device, but have removed.
 * "racked up while wearing them", informal wording.
 * edited
 * Developer doesn't need the capital letter.
 * done
 * "is approx", I'd spell out the full word rather than leave use approx in a sentence.
 * done
 * There are a lot of red links in the first team squad. If they don't have an article, I would be inclined to unlink them.
 * unlinked
 * Youth Teams and Women's Teams headings, drop the capital letter from teams.
 * done
 * There are some odd uses of capital letters throughout. For example, sentences such as "top of the League table" and "team to a ninth League title", I don't think league would need to be capitalised as you're referring to a league table or league title rather than any specific entity.
 * Have tried to tidy up - left 'the League' or equivalent as is when referring to the entity, lower case for the rest.
 * The last book in the bibliography doesn't have an isbn.
 * It was a limited print by subscription book. It has no isbn. Does that mean I can't reference it?

There's another few to look at from myself. I think you'll need a strong copy editor to have a run through to iron out the prose a little. If you can get someone like that to go through with a review, I think we'll be in much better shape moving forward. Kosack (talk) 10:40, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * thank you for your time - genuinely appreciate your efforts! I’m not sure where to find a copy editor tbh  Daniel Sexton (talk 12:24, 24 September 2019 (UTC)''
 * Could be worth asking TRM, he's reviewing a lot of stuff right now although you may have to wait for the GA backlog drive to finish at the end of the month. Kosack (talk) 08:21, 25 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Spot on Daniel Sexton (talk 12:58, 26 September 2019 (UTC)''

Comments by RetiredDuke

 * I did a cursory read of the article and spotted several uncited paragraphs. As a (very rough) rule-of-thumb, each paragraph should end with a reference.
 * Fixed, for many references are there just sentence structure used had them mid sentence. Inserted more citations where necessary.
 * This club is 134 years old (if we start counting in 1885). The article has large, detailed sections about "managerial eras" that last 5-8 years, isn't that a bit unbalanced in terms of coverage? I would recommend thinking on the bigger picture when naming the subsections, take a look at Cardiff City F.C. for instance.
 * Have reviewed. It's dictated by the number of trophies and amount of activity, e.g. a lot more happened in the 1964-74 and 2013-present time frames than in the Forties and Fifties. But have tried to rebalance to address. Had been trying to follow the general style of Cardiff City as it happens. Mustn't have done as good a job as I thought! Lol.
 * In that vein, I don't think the "As you were" section is needed, it's a summary.
 * Have incorporated into a 2013-Present section
 * There are two sections about European football.
 * One is in the context of performance history, one is in the context about home grounds having to be moved for European matches. Have removed sub-heading and modified slightly to avoid the error.
 * The social media section is not needed, every club has Instagram and Twitter accounts.
 * Removed
 * Some sentences seem out of place an should be removed, like "See also History of Dundalk F.C., Dundalk F.C. in European football and List of Dundalk F.C. records and statistics" in the lead and "McLaughlin's trophy haul while at Dundalk: three League titles, three FAI Cups, two League of Ireland Cups and two Leinster Senior Cups.".
 * All such sentences removed.

Some food for thought. (I also think it needs some work before hitting FA status). RetiredDuke (talk) 14:10, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * thank you for your time!  Daniel Sexton (talk 20:24, 21 September 2019 (UTC)''

Image review

 * Suggest adding alt text
 * don't follow this one, sorry.
 * See WP:ALT. Nikkimaria (talk) 22:18, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I see, sorry thank you - done. Daniel Sexton (talk 00:15, 22 September 2019 (UTC)''

 * File:Dundalk_FC_2015_Crest.png: should complete the FUR
 * Done
 * File:DDT_1903_09_26_13.png: what is the author's date of death?
 * Author used a pseudonym, this is a scan from a newspaper published in 1903. Does it fall under public domain (pre-1924)?
 * In the US, yes, but to be on Commons it has to be in the public domain in both the US and its source country. This image has a tag stating it's PD in countries with a term of author life + 70 - as the author is unknown and the publication is recent enough that the author could have survived longer, this tag should be replaced.Nikkimaria (talk) 22:18, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Done, found equivalent on Irish Independent wiki page. Daniel Sexton (talk 01:15, 22 September 2019 (UTC)''

 * File:DundalkGNR.jpg: when/where was this first published and what is the author's date of death?
 * Photograph is on display at Dundalk F.C. Image is a photo of the displayed photo. Photographer is unknown. As was taken at start of season in 1923. Does it fall under public domain (pre-1924)?
 * Depends - just because it was taken in 1923, doesn't mean it was published at that time. Is there any indication of it having been published before the more recent display?Nikkimaria (talk) 22:18, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * The photo on display appears to be an original. It is not reproduced in the Irish newspaper archives and the 2003 Jim Murphy book referenced in the bibliography, which is the guidance for the article, uses a photo of the photo without attribution. Murphy's book was the first published about the club, so I believe it is not published elsewhere. If it's safer to remove the image I will. Daniel Sexton (talk 01:15, 22 September 2019 (UTC)''
 * Unfortunately without more information it's more likely than not that it's not free. Nikkimaria (talk) 01:34, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * OK, removed!  Daniel Sexton (talk 01:56, 22 September 2019 (UTC)''
 * File:Dundalk_Seal.jpg: according to the given source, while this is derived from a 1300s design, the current design is from the 1960s
 * Have made appropriate edits to prose and have removed image.
 * File:Dundalk_Coat_of_Arms.jpg: what is the author's date of death?
 * Assumed fell under public domain (pre-1924). Don't know author so have removed.
 * File:Dundalk_FC.svg: don't feel a non-free image is justified in this case.Nikkimaria (talk) 16:28, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Have removed. Appreciate your time!  Daniel Sexton (talk 21:57, 21 September 2019 (UTC)''

Coordinator comment - This has been open for a solid month without any declaration of support for promotion, and doesn't seem to be heading in the right direction at present. Therefore, I will be archiving it shortly and it may be re-nominated after the customary two-week waiting period. In the mean time, please action feedback as appropriate. -- Laser brain  (talk)  11:53, 21 October 2019 (UTC) -- Laser brain  (talk)  11:53, 21 October 2019 (UTC)


text:
Talk:David Greene (American football)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot (talk) 18:40, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:44, 1 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Greene (American football)


text:
Ahmed Hegazi (disambiguation)

Ahmed Hegazi (born 1991) is an Egyptian footballer.

Ahmed Hegazi may also refer to:
 * Ahmed Hegazi (actor) (1935–2002), Egyptian actor
 * Ahmed Gaffer Hegazi (born 1948), Egyptian professor of microbiology and immunology
 * Ahmed Hegazy (pharmacist), Egyptian-German pharmacist

title: Ahmed Hegazi (disambiguation)


text:
User:Goldrushcavi

Goldrushcavi is a 30-something high school Spanish teacher living in central Texas. His username comes from a previous car, a 2003 Chevrolet Cavalier which was the same color yellow as the "Gold Rush" shirts he and his fellow supporters of Baylor University wear to Baylor athletic competitions. He has since traded the car for a 2007 Pontiac G5.

He was the owner of the game show fan-site "The Game Show Fiesta", which is now defunct except for the page on El gran juego de la oca, a three-hour-long game show from Spain.

His Wikipedia edits focus mainly on game shows, although he has been known to edit other articles on television, random appliances, and whatever other quirks and items happen to fascinate him. The stereotypical teacher that he is, he tends to target bad grammar on the pages he views and edits.

title: User:Goldrushcavi


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/kadikoylife.com

Links

 * kadikoylife.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 4 additions.


text:
User:Coldstuff

Coldstuff

Hey, I LOVE YOU!!!

Love, KAD--Coldstuff 03:50, 20 March 2006 (UTC)03/19/2006

title: User:Coldstuff


text:
bouleversement

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) Complete overthrow; reversal; turmoil

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) disruption, havoc

title: bouleversement


text:
User:UltraJackio325/sandbox

Disclaimer: This article is a joke. If you search this then I can tell that:

 * 1) You came from exurb1a
 * 2) The moderators ar drunk

Well then. Joke article time.

Nobody fucking knows

title: User:UltraJackio325/sandbox


text:
Wakayama Prefectural Museum

Wakayama Prefectural Museum (和歌山県立博物館) is a history museum in located in the city of Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan.

The focus of the museum is the history and culture of Wakayama Prefecture, and its permanent collection displays artifacts relating to prehistory, Mount Kōya, the Kumano region, Kumano Kodo and items relating to the Kishū Tokugawa clan, who ruled as daimyō of Kishū Domain under the Edo Period Tokugawa Shogunate. The museum opened in the ninomaru of Wakayama Castle in 1971 and was relocated to its present facility in 1994. It is adjacent is the Museum of Modern Art, Wakayama, with which it is connected bye an underground passage

title: Wakayama Prefectural Museum


text:
John Hunting (settler)

John Hunting (c. 1597-April 12, 1689) was Ruling Elder of the First Church and Parish in Dedham.

Personal and early life
Hunting was born in Hoxne, England in 1597. He had strong opinions and from an early age began speaking on religious topics. In particular, he opposed the Catholic views of Charles I. He became the ruling elder of his local church district and spent much time traveling and ministering to those in the area. His ministry and effort to gain converts caused him to spend a great deal of time away from his family.

He married Hester Seaborn, who was related to the martyr John Rogers. They and their five children sailed to New England in 1638 and quickly settled in Dedham, Massachusetts. His son, Samuel Hunting, lived in Charlestown. His oldest son was named John, and he had daughters Mary Buckner, Heaster Fisher, Elizabeth Pecke, and Margaret Ware. His sister, Susan, married Edward Richards.

At his death on April 12, 1689, he had an estate valued at £153.03.11.

Founder of Dedham
Hunting was admitted as a freeman in Dedham on March 13, 1639  and was one of the original proprietors of land there. Beginning in 1658, he served 15 years as Selectman in Dedham.

First Church
Shortly after settling Dedham, Massachusetts in 1635, residents formed a church, today known as First Church and Parish in Dedham. After the doctrinal base was agreed upon, 10 men were selected to seek out the "living stones" upon which the congregation would be based. Hunting, a freeman, was chosen as one of the 10.

The group began to meet separately and, one by one, would leave the room so that the others could elect or reject them. They decided that six of their own number--John Allen, Ralph Wheelock, John Luson, John Fray, Eleazer Lusher, and Robert Hindell—were suitable to form the church. Hunting, who was new to the town, was also deemed acceptable. The eight chosen men submitted themselves to a conference of the entire community.

After the church was gathered, a "tender" search for the flock's first minister settled upon John Allen. After selecting Allin as pastor, the names of Ralph Wheelock, John Hunting, Thomas Carter, and John Kingsbury were put forward for the role of ruling elder with Hunting eventually being selected. The selection process was not easy.

On April 24, 1639, a day of fasting and prayer, Hunting and Allen were ordained in the presence of the Dedham congregation and the elders of other churches. The hands of Allen, Wheelock, and Edward Allyne were laid upon Hunting during his ordination and those of Hunting, Wheelock, and Allyne were laid upon Allen for his ordination.

Legacy
Hunting died April 12, 1689, and is buried at the Old Village Cemetery.

Two hundred years later, the first Catholic Mass in Dedham was celebrated in Sunday, May 15, 1843, in the home of Daniel Slattery. The home was located on land once owned by Hunting.

title: John Hunting (settler)


text:
Talk:Helena Whitbread

First translator?
This page seems to suggest that Helena was the first to discover and translate the coded diaries. Anne Lister's wiki page says this:

 * The code used in her diaries was deciphered by the last inhabitant of Shibden Hall, John Lister (1847–1933) and a friend of his, Arthur Burrell. When the content of the secret passages was revealed, Burrell advised John Lister to burn all the diaries. Lister did not take this advice, but instead continued to hide Anne Lister's diaries behind a panel at Shibden Hall.

Perhaps the copy might be re-worded to include the contribution of John Lister and Arthur Burrell. Valetude (talk) 01:00, 15 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Helena Whitbread


text:
Willi

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Willi is the 35537th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 633 individuals. Willi is most common among White (86.89%) individuals.

Noun

 * 1)  willy, penis

title: Willi


text:
Talk:Vita (brand)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 01:36, 26 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Vita Organization logo.png

title: Talk:Vita (brand)


text:
perching

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) The act of something that perches.

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1)  Inspection of cloth before finishing.

title: perching


text:
Help talk:FAQ

Transclude subpages?
I think we should transclude the subpage FAQs into one massive one with appropriate subsections. Having to go to 8 different FAQs is kind of stupid and forces me to choose what "role" I'm searching for questions in, when what I really want is just an answer, regardless of what organizational section the answer falls into. Kellen T 16:28, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Help talk:FAQ


text:
User:Jmcdo5/Evaluate an Article

Evaluate an article
This is where you will complete your article evaluation. Please use the template below to evaluate your selected article.

 * Name of article
 * Little Red Riding Hood (1997 film)
 * Briefly describe why you have chosen this article to evaluate
 * I have chosen this article to evaluate because of the relevancy of the topic in my class. In my course, we have been discussing various versions of Little Red Riding Hood, including this version. In fact, I wrote my first paper centered around this film. We are looking at this article as it is a topic we are familiar with, and the page is lackluster in terms of content.

Lead

 * Guiding questions

 * Does the Lead include an introductory sentence that concisely and clearly describes the article's topic?
 * Yes, the lead includes a good introductory sentence. It gives a run down on the film, and what it is about.
 * Does the Lead include a brief description of the article's major sections?
 * The article has 3 major sections: Plot, Cast, and Reception. The lead makes no real mention of any of these topics.
 * Does the Lead include information that is not present in the article?
 * The lead includes a tidbit that the film is based on the Italian story "La Finta Nonna" This fact is never touched upon again during the story.
 * Is the Lead concise or is it overly detailed?

Content

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article's content relevant to the topic?
 * Is the content up-to-date?
 * Is there content that is missing or content that does not belong?

Tone and Balance

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article neutral?
 * Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
 * Does the article attempt to persuade the reader in favor of one position or away from another?

Sources and References

 * Guiding questions

 * Are all facts in the article backed up by a reliable secondary source of information?
 * Are the sources thorough - i.e. Do they reflect the available literature on the topic?
 * Are the sources current?
 * Check a few links. Do they work?

Organization

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article well-written - i.e. Is it concise, clear, and easy to read?
 * Does the article have any grammatical or spelling errors?
 * Is the article well-organized - i.e. broken down into sections that reflect the major points of the topic?

Images and Media

 * Guiding questions

 * Does the article include images that enhance understanding of the topic?
 * Are images well-captioned?
 * Do all images adhere to Wikipedia's copyright regulations?
 * Are the images laid out in a visually appealing way?

Checking the talk page

 * Guiding questions

 * What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
 * How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?

Overall impressions

 * Guiding questions

 * What is the article's overall status?
 * What are the article's strengths?
 * How can the article be improved?
 * How would you assess the article's completeness - i.e. Is the article well-developed? Is it underdeveloped or poorly developed?

Optional activity

 * Choose at least 1 question relevant to the article you're evaluating and leave your evaluation on the article's Talk page. Be sure to sign your feedback

with four tildes — ~

 * Link to feedback:

title: User:Jmcdo5/Evaluate an Article


text:
Talk:Comeback Kid (band)

Pure Opinion
This part about Wade's depature is pure opinion:
 * "This of course was not true. While Neufeld is obviously a great vocalist, Wade surpassed him."

I'm going to delete it. Radar123 19:59, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

Are they realy christians???
I read in an interview, somewhere around the time of Turn It Around, something along the lines of "We all love God but we are not out to be a Christian band, although we still have a message with positive ideals". This is as close as I can remember, I can't find the interview link anymore, so it can't accurately be cited. I think it was with Scott Wade who is gone now. This does, however, conflict with the statement that apparently they are not all Christians. There is no source cited though. Sigh, the dangers of Wikipedia. Anyway, just my input, I could also be remembering wrong. I'm no Christian and I don't see any Christianity in their lyrics but this is a common topic when people talk about the band <IP_ADDRESS> 21:28, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The way I see it people can't be positive in lyrics anymore without being labeled a religious band unless you make it clear that you don't like religion (SYG). Of course Comeback Kid's affiliation with Facedown & Figure Four doesn't halp this issue in their case. XdiabolicalX 13:09, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

Hey i think they are christians all of them but not a christian band. I think they started with 3 christians and 2 not christians, but since scott and kevin left they've ALL been christians in CBK. So we can call them Christian Hardcore punk just not Christian hardcore notice the difference? im calling em a hardcore punk band that is all christian, not a band that plays the christian hardcore genre

- MATTHEW —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:37, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

Melodic Hardcore?
I say... what the hell?

i say listen harder!they are melodic hardcore, just a bit darker than most. <IP_ADDRESS> 17:15, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

you need a reliable source for that, you can't only put melodic hxc —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:49, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

These guys are NOT melodic hardcore. If they are, i'd like to know who is just hardcore punk, it doesnt get a lot more intense than CBK

loveyourfaith Loveyourfaith (talk) 23:02, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

Yeah, I never thought of CBK to be Melodic Hardcore in the slightest. In fact, I say it's debatable as to whether "melodic hardcore" is a full sub-genre or more of a slang adjective. Until a source of them being referred to as melodic hardcore appears, I'm taking it off. Wall Screamer (talk) 23:38, 2 April 2009 (UTC)

Scott Wade
Can anyone tell me what Scott Wade is doing since leaving CBK? I'm really keen to know... if you could tell me via email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>then I would greatly appreciate it to save me from having to continually check back here for a response. Thanks.

Shame to see
shame to see that kevin has made his last call (pun intended), who will replace the bloke? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Thrice34 (talk • contribs) 18:28, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

i am very eager to know and whats he getting up to the guy

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:11, 9 July 2008 (UTC)loveyourfaith

Am i correct
Am I correct to say that on the first Two CBK albums, scott sings normally, Jeremy screams and kevin yells?

loveyourfaith Loveyourfaith (talk) 23:10, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

METALCORE?!!!
wooahh...so not —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:10, 20 March 2011 (UTC)

Proper English
"On April 27, 2012, Comeback Kid sign to Cargo Music, and Andrew play vocals and drums.

On April 2012, Kyle loses drummer longing with Cancer Bats."

Okay... Someone who knows what any of this means, could you please change it to proper and coherent English? I can decipher the first one easily enough, but the second one... Seriously, I don't even know what that MIGHT mean. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:00, 20 June 2012 (UTC)

Is there even any reference? I looked up for that information, but can't fint any info about Kyle leaving the band and Andrew replacing him... <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:50, 21 June 2012 (UTC)

Formation?
Article says band formed in 2000. But the "members" section shows no members (past or present) being in the band prior to 2002. So, which is it? Was the band actually formed in 2002? Or did these guys start playing in 2000 and so their member information should be corrected?Hsxeric (talk) 20:31, 1 December 2015 (UTC)
 * There's no source for either in the article as far as I can see. One should be found and added.-- MA SHAUN IX 16:47, 3 December 2015 (UTC)

Requested move 15 January 2016

The result of the move request was: pages moved. Uncontested. --Malcolmxl5 (talk) 00:55, 23 January 2016 (UTC)

– Not a WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. Other uses are listed on the dab; the phrase's association with Bill Clinton remains strong in American politics (ex., for one. It could also be applied to just about anyone who makes a comeback. I wasn't sure what I was expecting to find when I searched the term, but it certainly wasn't a Canadian punk band. --BDD (talk) 15:04, 15 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Comeback Kid → Comeback Kid (band)
 * Comeback Kid (disambiguation) → Comeback Kid
 * Support often capitalized. In ictu oculi (talk) 20:11, 15 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Support clearly it's Bill Clinton -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:12, 16 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Comeback Kid (band). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081109111612/http://www.maristhegreat.com/interviews/2005/comebackkid/comebackkidinterview.htm to http://www.maristhegreat.com/interviews/2005/comebackkid/comebackkidinterview.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050211050556/http://www.comeback-kid.com/ to http://www.comeback-kid.com/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:51, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Comeback Kid (band)


text:
Grand Rapids Union Station

Grand Rapids Union Station was a union station in Grand Rapids, Michigan. A Georgian Revival building of two stories, it was built in 1900 on 61 Ionia Avenue SW and was closed in 1958. The building was demolished in 1958 and 1959 to make space for the U.S. Route 131 highway.

History
In five years after Union Station's 1900 construction, 750,000 passengers passed through it. In early decades, Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad excursion trains to the station brought more than 2000 visitors from southern Michigan and Indiana on Sundays.

Passenger services
The station served the Pere Marquette Railway (after the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway acquired the PM in 1947 C&O trains passed through), Michigan Central Railroad and Pennsylvania Railroad (which had acquired the GR&I). The Grand Trunk Western Railway and the New York Central Railroad were served at other stations in Grand Rapids. By 1946, Michigan Central operations were entirely folded into New York Central operations.

Noteworthy passenger train service at 1950 included:
 * Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (formerly the Pere Marquette Railway):
 * Pere Marquettes (Detroit [Fort Street Union Depot]–Lansing–Grand Rapids)
 * Resort Special (summer only night train, Chicago [Central Station]–Petoskey)
 * Grand Rapids–Petoskey; unnamed segments in off-season
 * New York Central Railroad:
 * unnamed train (Grand Rapids–Jackson–Detroit [Michigan Central Station])
 * Pennsylvania Railroad:
 * Northern Arrow (summer only night train, Cincinnati [Cincinnati Union Terminal]–Fort Wayne–Grand Rapids–Petoskey–Mackinaw City; unnamed segments in off-season)
 * unnamed local train on same route as above
 * unnamed train timed to connect at Cincinnati to the Louisville & Nashville's Southland, bound for Florida

Waning years
By the 1960s the Chesapeake and Ohio's trains were the only trains serving the successor to the station. The Chicago–Grand Rapids trains were added to the appellation, the Pere Marquettes in 1965. These trains ended in 1971 when C&O passed control of its passenger trains over to Amtrak.

Present-day station
In 1984 passenger trains returned with the introduction of Amtrak's Pere Marquette trains between Chicago and Grand Rapids. In 2004, the Vernon J. Ehlers Station, Grand Rapids' new station, opened.

title: Grand Rapids Union Station


text:
Lee Schoenbeck

Lee Anton Schoenbeck (born May 14, 1958) is an American politician and attorney serving as a member of the South Dakota Senate from the 5th district. He is the President Pro Tempore of the South Dakota Senate. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Early life and education
Schoenbeck was born in Webster, South Dakota in 1958. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Augustana University and a Juris Doctor from the University of South Dakota School of Law.

Career
Schoenbeck is the owner of Schoenbeck Law, P.C., where he specializes in civil litigation.

Political career
Schoenbeck served as a member of the Senate from 1995 to 1997 and again from 2003 to 2007. From 2015 to 2017, he represented the 5th district in the South Dakota House of Representatives.

In 2021, Schoenbeck opposed a proposal, pushed by Governor Kristi Noem and Senate Leader Gary Cammack (both fellow Republicans) to limit the activities of South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks conservation officers. The same year, Schoenbeck also opposed a proposal to ban transgender girls from girls' sports; the bill was initially supported by Noem and opposed by Democrats, LGBT rights groups, and the South Dakota High School Activities Association. Ultimately, Noem vetoed the bill.

In 2021, Schoenbeck proposed an amendment to the South Dakota Constitution which would increase the threshold required to pass voter referendums from a majority to 60%. Schoenbeck said that he proposed the increase to block Medicaid expansion. The increase would limit a traditional instrument of grassroots direct democracy in the state.

Controversy
In 2016, Schoenbeck was embroiled in an intra-party disagreement over a half-penny sales tax to boost the salaries of South Dakota public schoolteachers; Schoenbeck supported the sales tax, The teacher salary boost proposal passed, but some fellow Republicans opposed it and barred Schoenbeck from a Republican Party caucus meeting, prompting Schoenbeck to consider resigning.

Personal life
Schoenbeck and his wife, Donna, have four children. He lives in Watertown, South Dakota.

title: Lee Schoenbeck


text:
Talk:Discrete Mathematics

Why is "polynomials and number theory" presented before "rings, fields and modules", which is in turn presented before "group theory"?

 * Rings and fields will be touched upon briefly in polys and number theory, while a more indepth discussion will be in the rings, fields and modules section. Groups are a little more distanced from these, but I think I'll take your suggestion and move that section down :) Dysprosia 23:14, 6 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I am curious as to the inclusion of Set Theory in Discrete mathematics - especially since there is already a distinct Set Theory book (although there is almost nothing in it). Surely discrete mathematics is concerned almost exclusively with finite or possible countable sets, and a full treatment of set theory is not appropriate here. Would it not be more sensible to merge these, and have one book on set theory, covering both naive and axiomatic set theory? J Bytheway 23:08, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * If there is nothing in Set Theory, it should be redirected to the book here. Our efforts should be unified. Dysprosia 10:56, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Split
Why split the book up? How is one to find general topics on discrete math?

Oh my gosh! I saw the word "split" and thought of a made up step in induction called "split" when I was first taught it! Speaking of which, should I add recursion and induction as sections too?

BTW, to kinda answer your question, this is wikibooks, an in-depth look at discrete etc. If you want a general overview look at the main wikipedia page. Cammy169 (discuss • contribs) 16:16, 24 April 2014 (UTC)

feedback
this is very well written and easy to understand, thanks. Please finish the book, if you have the time for it.
 * Seconded. It Is Me Here  t / c 09:55, 18 April 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Discrete Mathematics


text:
Talk:English in Use

About

 * Title: English in Use
 * Started: TODO
 * Size: 33,400 words (Mar 2009)

Intended Audience
The intended auidence of this wikibook:
 * native speakers of English
 * advanced learners of English as a second language

Various
Hey Empororbma, what is the audience for your English book ? American high school students, English as a second language students .. ? Do you intend it to be a bit unique in structure and goals than most traditional books on the English language ? Maybe a brief outline of your goals for the book would help me understand. Maybe we could do this for many or all books .. or at least it becomes more useful when there are more gray areas .... --Karl Wick

There's a big problem with trying to make a textbook for English on the English version of Wikibooks, and that is that there is no focused audience, apart from a very high competence level. Wait until other language versions are started. Gabriel Beecham 16:53, 21 Aug 2003 (UTC)

English:Time was moved from wikipedia and should be incorporated somewhere. --<IP_ADDRESS> 22:57, 26 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Learn English in English?
It seems strange to have a "learn English" wikibook in English. I think that this wikibook could be used to gather some lessons written by English native-speakers, which could then be translated into other languages. A language wikibook could always use some native-speaker input, and the other language versions of this seem rather fragmented.
 * did a quick test page at User:Nateji77/ESL, poorly formatted tho. i'd prefer pictorial instructions to "highlight with compter mouse to see words" but cant make images where i'm at, but non-english wikis could take those and translate the instructions. Nateji77 00:15, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I strongly disagree with the idea that an English textbook should not be here. I would say that 80-90% of native English speakers do not know English.  Obviously, they can speak it, and generally, they do so correctly.  But they cannot tell you why they do so, because they do not know the rules of English.  That is what this book is for.  Next time you're confused about the difference between a conjunction and a preposition (and you might be surprised how hard it is to define the difference), thank the writers here that there's a place with an answer.  --Cromwellt|talk 23:10, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

Me too. So many native speakers have a poor command of the language and this article would be very useful. I am a teacher of English as a Foreign Language and most students learn English only using English coursebooks (i.e. with no translations). Learning English in English is the most common way to learn the language

 * I agree with it. For example: I am Czech. You probably have no idea how horrible Czech textbooks for learning English are. Most of them were written in communistic times and it seems, that writing of these books was part of fight against capitalism. All better teachers are telling children to buy English textbooks from Oxford, Cambridge, or something similar. So long live this textbook! --Milhaus 17:11, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

Broken links
I am observing bad things happen to this Wikibook... For example, content moved from the English:Gerund page to the English/Grammar/Gerund and participles page. The English:Gerund page is now blank.

But some things still link to English:Gerund instead of English/Grammar/Gerund and participles, so readers get a blank page sometimes.

I suggest that users stop moving material until we understand how it broke and how to fix it. --Kernigh 01:18, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

I have posted to User talk:<IP_ADDRESS> because that user blanked English:Gerund and English/Grammar/Gerund while trying to move material. However, I might have missed the user. That IP address belongs to Telemar, a large Brazilian Internet Service Provider, and might be dynamically assigned. --Kernigh 01:29, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

 * It sounds like the pages are not so much broken as they are simply not correctly moved. The links to the previous page should simple by changed over to the new page, and all will be well.  I'll see what I can do.  It shouldn't be too hard.  I'd like to continue the process of standardization of pages here also.  --Cromwellt|talk 04:31, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, I found out that the links to the "English:Gerund" page were almost entirely on the English navigation template, so I changed the template. Now all of the links on those pages (on the template) link to the right place, but this problem may appear again in the future.  I don't know if this is a big deal, but I also couldn't get the pages which link to the template to disappear from the "English:Gerund" whatlinkshere page.  Maybe that will be fixed at a certain time each day or something, because another page I had the same trouble on a couple weeks ago is now the way it should be (this is the first time I've checked it since then).  --Cromwellt|talk 06:28, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

Refocus
In conjunction with my comments earlier on this talk page, I feel that this Wikibook should not necessarily be so much directed toward second-language learners, and much more toward people who do not know the rules of English. This includes second-language learners, but also includes native speakers who know how to speak it but don't know the rules. For that reason I think we should move the references to EAL to the bottom of the page, with a new introduction showing this new focus. How do the rest of you feel about the idea? --Cromwellt|talk 04:29, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

 * So the book isn't broken (as I said above), but it is still in need of cleanup. We have a "Grammar" page which is not being used on the ToC and pages like "Adjectives and Adverbs" which do not exist but are on the ToC.  Added to all this is that the ToC listed here and the navigation template (Template:English) do not match in a variety of ways.  Overall, the issues here are ugly.  I personally think that all parts of speech should be under "Grammar" as subcategories, and that each part of speech should have its own page (with no larger category putting them together except "Grammar").  Where two or more are related closely or could be confused, etc. (such as adjectives and adverbs), there should be a subpage (or description on a page) of the potential confusion, etc., but this should be (if it is a separate page) under "Grammar" immediately after the two things as the next page to read.  At the moment, the book is rather disorganized, which is worsened by the fact that some pages are of the colon standard and others of the forward-slash standard.  We've got our work cut out for us.  Happy editing!  --Cromwellt|talk 05:42, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

Restructure
I would like to separate this into two distinct books:
 * English - Structured like a grammar and uasge book for native English speakers.
 * English as an Additional Language - Structured like a traditional foreign language book

I also would like to change the navigation template and create an exercise template.

Here's my proposed structure for English. Each page should be about the same size. If there are no comments in a few days I'll go ahead with it, so please give your opinion.

The vocabulary and glossary sections will go to English as an Additional Language. Comments are appreciated! --hagindaz 22:27, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

 * What are your plans for English as an Additional Language? My idea for it, as I said oh-so-long-ago under "Learn English in English", would be to write a progressive, bottom-up textbook that pretends that it is written not in English, but in some other language, and presupposes no knowledge of English. For example, the first chapter would introduce nouns and the present progressive tense and tell a short, simple story (in English) for the reader to try their hand at translating. The goal would be to produce a text for the German, Japanese, Spanish, etc. Wikibook authors to translate into their respective languages. --<IP_ADDRESS> 01:55, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't know how EAL classes are traditionally taught and don't have any experience with them, so I won't be able to help there. But to me that sounds like it would be an excellent method. Now that this book is split up, each book will be able to fully concentrate on its own goals and audience, so that should hopefully increase contributors for both projects. --hagindaz 02:14, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I've gotten a username (I was <IP_ADDRESS>) and started drawing up an outline at Talk:English as an Additional Language. You're welcome to help contribute, since activity in this area seems rather sparse. --Krestom 20:43, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

I have provided an example page and discussed my intentions with this book at English in Use/Introduction. --hagindaz 00:29, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

Why Not in PDF?
It's written there that creating a truly pdf book from the printable version is easy with the help of open software such as Adobe PDF Creator. Why don't you make it yourself rather than offer users to do this?

ePub is better than PDF.

My Plans
There are several books on Wikibooks about "English". There is this book. There is the book for "English as an additional language" (which is a term that few people use - "English as a Foreign (or Second) Language" is more universal). There is a book I am creating for "FCE Studies" (First Certificate in English by Cambridge University) and another book I may eventually try to develop which is targetted towards level B2 students studying English as a foreign language. My plan would be to have all of those books as links from "English" and have most of the material presently on "English" moved to something like "English Language in Use"

ENGLISH BOOK -> linking to the following books: 1. English Language in Use (guide to grammar and use of language for English natives and advanced learners of English [native speakers and levels C1 and C2] 2. English as a Second Language (present English as an Additional Language book) - targetted towards elementary and lower intermediate students [level A1 and A2] 3. English for Upper Intermediate Students (currently being planned in my head) [level B1 and B2] 4. FCE English - guide for students taking the FCE exam. [level B2]

The level codes I have used are the Common European Framework for languages and understood by all learners of foreign languages in Europe and much of Asia. Obviously a brief about what the level codes mean will also be needed.

Does anyone have any comments or problems about such a change? This book seems quite inactive so unless I hear any dissent I may go ahead soon (safe in the knowledge that changes could be reverted). Xania talk 00:31, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

Former contents
I am moving what was a former material from the main page of "English in Use" here: --Dan Polansky (talk) 10:36, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

Detailed contents

 * 1) Introduction
 * 2) Grammar
 * 3) Articles and nouns
 * 4) Articles
 * 5) The definite article
 * 6) General uses of the definite article
 * 7) Omissions of the definite article
 * 8) The indefinite article
 * 9) General uses of the indefinite article
 * 10) Omissions of the indefinite article
 * 11) Nouns
 * 12) Concrete
 * 13) Proper
 * 14) Common
 * 15) Individual
 * 16) Collective
 * 17) Abstract
 * 18) Attribute
 * 19) Verbal
 * 20) Words and word groups used as nouns
 * 21) Adjectives made nouns
 * 22) Pronouns made nouns
 * 23) Verbs made nouns
 * 24) Participles made nouns
 * 25) Adverbs made nouns
 * 26) Conjunctions made nouns
 * 27) Prepositions made nouns
 * 28) Interjections or phrases made nouns
 * 29) Countable and uncountable nouns
 * 30) Compound nouns
 * 31) Inflections of Nouns
 * 32) Genders
 * 33) Numbers
 * 34) Regular plurals
 * 35) Almost-regular plurals
 * 36) Irregular plurals
 * 37) Irregular Germanic plurals
 * 38) Irregular plurals of foreign origin
 * 39) Exercises
 * 40) Cases
 * 41) The Nominative Case
 * 42) The Possessive Case
 * 43) The Objective Case
 * 44) The declension of nouns
 * 45) The noun as a modifier
 * 46) The syntactic functions of nouns
 * 47) References
 * 48) Verbs
 * 49) Present and past
 * 50) Present simple
 * 51) Present continuous
 * 52) Present simple and present continuous
 * 53) Past simple
 * 54) Past continuous
 * 55) Past simple and past continuous
 * 56) Used to
 * 57) Present perfect and past
 * 58) Present perfect
 * 59) Present perfect continuous
 * 60) Present perfect and past
 * 61) Past perfect
 * 62) Past perfect continuous
 * 63) Past perfect and simple past
 * 64) Future
 * 65) Future perfect
 * 66) Future perfect continuous
 * 67) Future simple
 * 68) Future with 'going to'
 * 69) Present continuous for future events
 * 70) Present simple for future events
 * 71) If-Clauses (conditional) and 'wish'
 * 72) Pronouns
 * 73) Demonstrative pronouns
 * 74) Interrogative pronouns
 * 75) Personal pronouns
 * 76) Possessive pronouns
 * 77) Relative pronouns
 * 78) Adjectives and adverbs
 * 79) Adjectives
 * 80) Function
 * 81) Form
 * 82) Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed
 * 83) Adjectives word order
 * 84) The + adjective
 * 85) Personality adjectives
 * 86) Adverbs
 * 87) Function
 * 88) Form
 * 89) Kinds of adverbs
 * 90) Adverbs of degree
 * 91) Adverbs of time
 * 92) Adverbs of manner
 * 93) Adverbs of place
 * 94) Conjunctive adverbs
 * 95) Adverbs word order
 * 96) Comparative forms of adverbs
 * 97) Adverbs with different forms and meanings
 * 98) Adverbs with different forms and same meanings
 * 99) Adjectives and adverbs
 * 100) Adverbs with same form as the adjective
 * 101) Any more, any longer, no longer
 * 102) Enough and too
 * 103) Ever
 * 104) Quite and rather
 * 105) Still, yet and already
 * 106) So and such
 * 107) Comparison
 * 108) Superlatives
 * 109) References
 * 110) Conjunctions
 * 111) Prepositions
 * 112) Interjections
 * 113) Functions
 * 114) Gerund and participles
 * 115) Punctuation
 * 116) Orthography
 * 117) Syntax
 * 118) Appositives
 * 119) Figures of Syntax
 * 120) Study guide
 * 121) History

Style
Perhaps titles should start from level two like in Wikipedia (two equal signs). The verbs article differs in that respect. The nouns article has too deep hierarchy, I think hierarchy should not be deeper than 3 levels. Tkorrovi (talk) 14:15, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

I fully appreciate the contributions of everyone here. I'm by far not an expert in grammar, but still I don't understand why some want to break the Goold Brown's grammar. Like, one added an article about appositives, without even reading the syntax article before, and noticing that appositions are already mentioned there. In my opinion, the value of the Goold Brown's grammar is that it is comprehensive grammar, if one thinks that he knows something which is not mentioned there at all, he is most likely wrong, except when he is a very good grammarian. I don't know that much about grammar, and I am only able to copy and adjust that which others have written, but still I don't think that anyone here is good enough to be able to write a comprehensive grammar from scratch. I think that the advanced grammar must be a comprehensive grammar. If one considers this book to be just another grammar, then this book would not make any sense. And as much as I know, Goold Brown's grammar is the only comprehensive public domain grammar, so there is no other grammar which could be the basis of this book. Of course the Goold Brown's grammar is old and partly outdated, but why not edit it and make it a modern comprehensive grammar? Just my thoughts... Tkorrovi (talk) 14:09, 10 April 2009 (UTC)

The article on articles is also missing, it is there: Articles. Tkorrovi (talk) 19:21, 12 April 2009 (UTC)

Scope of this grammar
I think I should explain more the scope of this grammar. This is what supposed to be a comprehensive grammar, though using the word comprehensive may be somewhat unsafe. One may think that a comprehensive or complete grammar should contain everything about grammar, but when we for example compile all scientific works on grammar, then such grammar would likely consist of hundreds of volumes. This grammar is comprehensive in a sense that it covers everything in grammar, but is at that as short as possible. Whatever such grammar should be called, one thing is clear—this grammar cannot be simplified or made shorter by omitting complicated parts or terms. It is therefore a level C grammar, while the grammar in Rhetoric and Composition is level B grammar. Maybe it should be called a Complete English Grammar, but again some may misunderstand what the complete there means.Tkorrovi (talk) 22:36, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

This grammar is based on Goold Brown's grammar and I think it should be, as this gives it a value, and is also a certain guarantee of quality. It can be partly based on any newer grammars as well, but Goold Brown wrote the first comprehensive English grammar, and his grammar is because of that a kind of classical source.Tkorrovi (talk) 12:45, 23 May 2009 (UTC)

Pages to be merged
The following pages were not moved from the English book before it was redirected to Subject:English language. Please merge their content into this book or tag them with. -- Adrignola talk contribs 03:13, 19 June 2009 (UTC)
 * English in Use/Parts of Speech
 * English in Use/Phrasal Verbs
 * English in Use/Vocabulary
 * English in Use/Vocabulary/Data
 * English in Use/Vocabulary/Adjectives

Cambridge series
Is the title copied from Cambridge's In Use series? English Vocabulary in User, Advanced Grammar in Use, English Collocations in Use, Business Vocabulary use and so on. Kayau (talk) 13:47, 18 July 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:English in Use


text:
GCSE Science/Electricity multiple choice practice question 7 Answer 1

Sorry this is an incorrect answer. Remember that to find the power you need to multiply the current and the voltage.

<<Go back and try again


text:
Lecture circuit

The "lecture circuit" is a euphemistic reference to a planned schedule of regular lectures and keynote speeches given by celebrities, often ex-politicians, for which they receive an appearance fee. In Western countries, the lecture circuit has become a way for ex-politicians to earn an income after leaving office or to raise money and their public profile in advance of a run for higher office. The Oxford Dictionary defines the term simply as, "A regular itinerary of venues or events for touring lecturers or public speakers".

In the United States, the modern lecture circuit was preceded by the Lyceum movement, popular during the 19th century. It encouraged local organisations and institutions to sponsor lectures, debates and instructional talks as a form of adult education and entertainment. The subsequent 20th century formalisation of the lecture circuit as a genuine and accepted vocation has led to the establishment of agencies and the employment of agents dedicated to identifying and filling lucrative speaking engagements; creating a specific media market where speakers are able to put their message to an audience uninterrupted and without challenge.

Examples
In an article about the lucrative nature of the Canadian lecture circuit, National Post columnist Tristin Hopper noted;

"Liberal leader Justin Trudeau was assailed in the House of Commons for skipping work to deliver speaking gigs, CBC anchor Peter Mansbridge had to answer questions about giving a paid speech to the oil lobby and CBC host Amanda Lang has been accused of getting too cozy with RBC after the bank paid her to give speeches."

Having stepped down as United States Secretary of State in 2013, Hillary Clinton has received more than $200,000, in some instances, to deliver lectures to industry associations, universities and other groups. She delivered 14 such speeches in the five months after leaving office.

While still a Member of Parliament, former UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown has declared significant income from the lecture circuit. Former Prime Minister Tony Blair, too, is said to have declared approximately £12 million in lecture circuit income per year since leaving office, receiving almost £400,000, in one instance, for two half-hour speeches in the Philippines.

In popular culture

 * In the television series The West Wing, Alan Alda's character Arnold Vinick is urged to go on the lecture circuit after his unsuccessful campaign for the office of President of the United States in order to maintain the lifestyle to which he had become accustomed as a member of the United States Senate.
 * The US version of the television series The Office includes a two-part episode titled Lecture Circuit.

title: Lecture circuit


text:
Template:Courses

Where are the courses?
 * Waiting for you to create one. Wikiversity is a developing project, and depends on its contributors (anyone can contribute) for its content. Whether you call it a "course" or a "learning project", you can organize it here. Courses/Learning projects can be organised from a new "Portal" page, or in "Draft" space, or sometimes directly in the Main namespace (ie without any prefix). We encourage you to take the initiative and add your materials here!

 * Follow these links to learn how: Intro to Learning Projects • The Main Learning Projects Page • Credentials, diplomas & provenance • Policies • Learning • Education

This template can be placed on a Wikiversity page currently lacking Learning Projects.

title: Template:Courses


text:
Foreign Excellent Raincoat Company

The Foreign Excellent Raincoat Company was the name of the Brussels company that was established in December 1938, by Polish-French Jewish businessman and ardent communist, Léon Grossvogel on behalf of Red Army Intelligence spy Leopold Trepper, as a cover organisation for Soviet espionage operations in Europe during Nazi Germany. The espionage network was later named as the Red Orchestra by the Abwehr.

Company
In the autumn of 1938, Leopold Trepper made contact with Grossvogel, whom he had known while he was in Palestine in the 1920s. At the time, Grossvogel managed a business called Roi de Caoutchouc or The Raincoat King in Brussels, on behalf of its owners. He had been employed by the firm since 1929 and eventually became the commercial director of its foreign subsidiary The Excellent Raincoat Company in 1935. In 1937, his job position changed when he became the travelling inspector for the company. Although Grossvogel was related to one of the owners by marriage and who recognised him as a good worker, he had become unpopular with his employees due to his communist sympathies and his errant behaviour during a strike at their Brussels plant in 1938. They were relieved when he suggested that he was planning to establish an independent subsidiary of The Raincoat King, to increase profits.

Trepper had a plan to create a business that would be the export division of The Raincoat King and agreed with Grossvogel the plan for a new business, without telling Grossvogel of his own plans. Trepper considered it the ideal cover for an espionage network. Trepper's plan was to wait until the company gained market share, and then when it was of sufficient size, infiltrate it with communist personal in positions such shareholders, business managers and department heads.

Trepper financed Grossvogel to the sum of $8000 to create the new business, that was given an unidiomatic name of The Foreign Excellent Raincoat Company. while his employees supplied the other half of the funding, around $8000-$1000. In December 1938, Grossvogel formed the new company and became commercial director of the new firm. The other directors of the firm were his brother-in-law, Louis Kapolowitz, former Belgian consul, Jules Jaspar and two other Belgian businessman. Jasper's brother, Henri Jaspar was the former prime minister of Belgium, so Jaspar was seen as the ideal person to direct the company, providing it with a veneer of respectability. The business operated in the open and local regulations were followed to the letter. Contact with local government officials were maintained to ensure a veneer of respectability.

At the same time in 1939, Grossvogel spent most of the year travelling around seven major sea ports that were trading with the United Kingdom to establish branches of company and putting in agents to run them. The ports were at Oslo, Stockholm, Copenhagen, Hamburg, Wilhelmshaven, Ostend and Boulogne. However, owing to local regulations it was difficult to create the type of branch office that was required. In fact, only one branch was created in Stockholm.

In March 1939, in a plan created by Trepper, Grossvogel arranged for Red Army Intelligence agent Mikhail Makarov to become manager of a branch of the raincoat company in Ostend, replacing Grossvogel wife. Makarov planned to put a transmitter in the city, to establish communication with an agent in England. During the Conquest by the Belgium in May 1940, the Ostend branch of the Raincoat Company was bombed by the Luftwaffe.

title: Foreign Excellent Raincoat Company


text:
1999 in Uganda

The following lists events that happened during 1999 in Uganda.

Incumbents

 * President: Yoweri Museveni
 * Vice President: Specioza Kazibwe
 * Prime Minister: Kintu Musoke (until April 5), Apolo Nsibambi (starting April 5)

March

 * A group of 14 tourists looking for mountain gorillas in Bwindi National Park are attacked and kidnapped by Interahamwe. Eight of the tourists are killed.

April

 * April 20 - Uganda downplays an agreement in Libya to end the Second Congo War.

Births

 * 21 May – Rita Musamali, cricketer

title: 1999 in Uganda


text:
User:Khanyat2000/sandbox

Chemical reaction

In nature, hydroxytyrosol is generated by the hydrolysis of oleuropein that occurs during olive ripening. Oleuropein is accumulated in olive leaf and fruit as a defense mechanism against pathogens and herbivores. During olive ripening or when the olive tissue is damaged by pathogens, herbivores, or mechanical damage, the enzyme β-glucosidase helps generate hydroxytyrosol via hydrolysis from oleuropein.

Anti-aging
Hydroxytyrosol has been reported to reduce oxidative damage and is so-called as an antioxidant. It is the most active polyphenol scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) in olive oil. Oxidative stress causes protein and fat chromosomes to be damaged, increasing the oxygen free radicals. When skin is exposed to ultraviolet rays, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) expression increases causing skin aging and increasing wrinkles.

MMPs at the dermis disrupt structural proteins, reducing the concentration of collagen and elastin. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) cell culture irradiated by UVA shows an increase in MMP expression while HDF treated with hydroxytyrosol shows a decrease in MMP expression.

Anti-inflammation
Inflammation is when the body’s immune system responds to an irritant. The irritant can be bacteria, viruses, fungi or other external injuries through foreign objects. Inflammation generates free radicals and depletes antioxidants. The overproduction of ROS can cause tissue injury, triggering the inflammatory process. Thus, the antioxidant activity can contribute to the anti-inflammatory roles by disrupting the ROS-inflammatory cycle.

There are two main enzymatic pathways in the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA): cyclooxygenase (COXs) and lipoxygenase (LOXs) pathways. Eicosanoid, a signaling compound produced by arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, has an important role in generating inflammation including cancer. Hydroxytyrosol act as an antioxidant help to inhibit the activity of COX and LOX enzymes of arachidonic acid (AA), degenerating the eicosanoid synthesis, which thereby reduces the oxidative damage caused by inflammation.

Dietary supplement
Edible oils and meat products such as lard are prone to oxidation but the fortification of hydroxytyrosol in food products can delay the oxidation rate. Hydroxytyrosol acts as an anti-oxidant even better than BHT and BHA. Hydroxytyrosol supplementation in bakery products is also common. A study suggests that the intake of HT-fortified products help with the reduction of oxidative LDL cholesterol, reducing cardiovascular disease.

Cosmetic products
Hydroxytyrosol acts as an excellent ingredient for cosmetic formulations such as creams and serum for anti-aging and skin whitening. It provides protection to human melanocytes from protein damages affected by UV light. In melanocytes, a high level of glutathione directs melanin development into soluble and lighter brown pheomelanin versus dark and insoluble eumelanin, which promotes skin lightening. In vivo study shows that cosmetic products with hydroxytyrosol as an ingredient increases glutathione levels, helping with the development of skin whitening.

Hydroxytyrosol is also used as a sunscreen ingredient. It protects the melanoma cells during exposure to UV radiation. It can absorb the entire spectrum of UVB and also absorb some part of UVA and UVC spectra. Hydroxytyrosol reduces the DNA strand breakdown caused by UVB radiation and inhibits the proliferation of oxygen free radicals which reduces the oxidative stress. Thus, when applied to the skin, it can help to avoid the penetration of UV radiation.

title: User:Khanyat2000/sandbox


text:
User:XRTTV245

XRTTV245 or Robert Powell by name Works as a cashier and does YouTube, Robert Powell XRTTV245 he's YouTube channel name. He has two Instagram account named cowboyssuckbutt and XRTTV245.

He's age is 15 Height is 7.2

title: User:XRTTV245


text:
Standards New Zealand

Standards New Zealand (Māori: Te Mana Tautikanga o Aotearoa) is the national standards body for New Zealand. It is a business unit within the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) and works under the supervision of the NZ Standards Executive, an independent statutory role held by a ministry employee under the Standards and Accreditation Act 2015. Standards New Zealand had previously been a Crown entity and the operating arm of the Standards Council of New Zealand. Following the enaction of the Standard and Accreditation Act 2015 the council's role was taken on by the New Zealand Standards Approval Board and Standards New Zealand moved into MBIE on 1 March 2016.

Standards New Zealand is an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) member organisation that develops internationally aligned New Zealand standards (NZS) and participates in standards-related activities that deliver benefit to the nation. Standards New Zealand and Standards Australia work together to develop joint standards (AS/NZS). The majority of standards are developed in this partnership.

title: Standards New Zealand


text:
General Astronomy

Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial bodies in the visible universe, from the scale of a few meters to the macro scale, including: the underlying physics governing those bodies, what they are made of, their properties, distribution, relation, distance, movement, creation, age and demise.

Our understanding of the universe has dramatically improved due to the progress of technology. Astronomy has been one of the most modernized areas of scientific study, but it is also one of the oldest sciences — practiced by all ancient civilizations to some degree. Sadly, people have increasingly started to lose connection with the observable universe, something that was previously even required for measuring time, and defining seasons. Astronomy is among our species' first technological steps, but today only passingly remarked about when it verifies something thought about in theoretical physics. Even in a highly industrialized global civilization, defined by consumerism only a few of us had the chance to go beyond simple images and concepts and have in considering what is around our blue dot and its implications for us.

This Wikibook introduces the reader to that tapestry and the process that revealed it to humanity. It presents astronomy not only as a field of knowledge, but also as a human endeavor in science.

Table of Contents

 * 1) /The Modern View of the Cosmos/
 * 2) /The Big Picture/
 * 3) /Short History of the Universe/
 * 4) /Scientific Notation/
 * 5) /The Scientific Method/
 * 6) /What People do in Astronomy/
 * 7) /Current Unsolved Mysteries/
 * 8) /Observational Astronomy/
 * 9) /The Celestial Sphere/
 * 10) /Coordinate Systems/
 * 11) /Phases of the Moon/
 * 12) /Eclipses/
 * 13) /Daily Motions/
 * 14) /Yearly Motions/
 * 15) /Motion and Gravity/
 * 16) /The Early Origins of Astronomy/
 * 17) The First Physics (Aristotle)
 * 18) Difficulties in the Geocentric Model
 * 19) The Heliocentric Model (Copernicus)
 * 20) New Ideas About Motion (Galileo)
 * 21) Order in Planetary Orbits
 * 22) Principles of Light
 * 23) What is Light?
 * 24) /The Spectrum/
 * 25) /Basic Astrophysics/
 * 26) /Atomic Emission and Absorption/
 * 27) /Molecular Emission and Absorption/
 * 28) /Thermal Radiation/
 * 29) /The Doppler Effect/
 * 30) /Telescopes/
 * 31) Basic Optics
 * 32) Optical Telescopes
 * 33) Telescopes of Other Wavelengths
 * 34) Neutrino Telescopes
 * 35) Gravitational Wave Telescopes
 * 36) Other Observations
 * 37) /Planetary science/
 * 38) /The Terrestrial Planets/
 * 39) /The Jovian Planets/
 * 40) /Planetary Moons/
 * 41) /Comets/
 * 42) /Asteroids/
 * 43) /Meteors and Meteorites/
 * 44) /The Kuiper Belt/
 * 45) /Extrasolar Planets/
 * 46) /Formation of the Solar System/
 * 47) Earth as a Planet
 * 48) /Earth's Early Years/
 * 49) /Formation of the Moon/
 * 50) /The Biosphere/
 * 51) /The Atmosphere/
 * 52) /The Water Cycle/
 * 53) /Earth/
 * 54) /Earth's Moon/
 * 55) Space Exploration
 * 56) /First Steps into Space/
 * 57) /The Apollo Missions/
 * 58) /Pioneers and Voyagers/
 * 59) /The Great Observatories/
 * 60) /Major Future Missions/
 * 61) Astrobiology and Extraterrestrial Life
 * 62) /The Drake Equation/
 * 63) /Organic Chemistry for Astronomy/
 * 64) /Life in the Solar System/
 * 65) /The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence/
 * 66) The Sun
 * 67) /Fusion in the Sun/
 * 68) /Convective and Radiative Zones/
 * 69) /The Photosphere/
 * 70) /Solar Activity/
 * 71) /Space Weather/
 * 72) /Helioseismology/
 * 73) /The Solar Cycle/
 * 74) Stars
 * 75) /Mass/
 * 76) /Luminosity/
 * 77) /Temperature/
 * 78) The H-R Diagram
 * 79) /Star Clusters as Cosmic Laboratories/
 * 80) The Stellar Life Cycle
 * 81) /Protostars and Stellar Nurseries/
 * 82) /The Life of Low Mass Stars/
 * 83) /The Death of Low Mass Stars/
 * 84) /The Life of High Mass Stars/
 * 85) /The Death of High Mass Stars/
 * 86) Black Holes
 * 87) /Life of the Black Hole/
 * 88) /Black Holes in Hiding/
 * 89) /History of the Black Hole/
 * 90) /The Theory of the Naked Singularity/
 * 91) /Spaghettification/
 * 92) /Black Holes/Hawking Radiation/
 * 93) Galaxies
 * 94) /The Milky Way/
 * 95) /Types of Galaxies/
 * 96) /Galactic Formation/
 * 97) /Galactic Evolution/
 * 98) /Supermassive Black Holes/
 * 99) /Active Galactic Nuclei and Quasars/
 * 100) Gamma-Ray Bursts and Cosmic Rays
 * 101) /Introduction and Brief History of Gamma-Ray Bursts/
 * 102) /Long-Soft and Short-Hard Classifications/
 * 103) /Fluence and Extragalactic Nature/
 * 104) /Sources of Gamma-Ray Bursts/
 * 105) /Lingering Mysteries/
 * 106) Cosmology
 * 107) /The Distance Ladder/
 * 108) /The Big Bang and Cosmic Expansion/
 * 109) /The First Three Minutes/
 * 110) /Higgs Boson/
 * 111) /An Accelerating Universe/

 * References
 * /Exercises/

Also on Wikimedia
Wikibooks is a Web site where this and other free textbooks are developed. In addition to this book, Wikibooks is the host of related textbook projects.
 * General Relativity, an advanced undergraduate treatment of the principles of general relativity
 * Astrophysics, a textbook for beginning students in physics and astronomy
 * Astrodynamics, a look at the principles behind orbiting satellites
 * Wikijunior:Solar System, a children's nonfiction book about the Solar System
 * Messier Index, a list of all the deep-sky objects in the Messier Index.

Sterrekunde Kosmografie 天文学

title: General Astronomy


text:
Gbur

Gbur is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Greg Gbur (born 1971), American author and physicist
 * Julian Gbur (1942–2011), bishop of the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Stryi, Ukraine
 * Mary Flahive Gbur (born 1948), pseudonym for author Mary Flahive at Oregon State University

title: Gbur


text:
noncumulative

Adjective

 * 1) Not cumulative.
 * 2)  Not having an accumulating right to receive dividends unpaid in previous periods.

title: noncumulative


text:
Eudendrium sagaminum

Eudendrium sagaminum is a marine species of cnidaria, a hydroid (Hydrozoa) in the family Eudendriidae.

title: Eudendrium sagaminum


text:
2005–06 Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball team

The 2005–06 Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball team represented Marquette University in the 2005–06 season. Their head coach was Tom Crean. They received an at-large bid to the 2006 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, where they lost in the first round to Alabama. This was the first year in which Marquette played in the Big East Conference, having previously played in Conference USA.

Schedule
!colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season

!colspan=9 style=|Big East regular season

!colspan=9 style=| Big East tournament

!colspan=9 style=| NCAA tournament


text:
QSaltLake

QSaltLake is a lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) news and entertainment magazine published monthly by Gay Salt Lake Inc. in Salt Lake City. The magazine is the feature publication for the corporation. Related publications, web sites and a nonprofit organization are among the corporate projects.

The magazine includes local, national and world news, an extensive opinion section, arts and entertainment, a bar guide and classifieds. The magazine moved in 2007 to new offices in the Sugar House neighborhood of Salt Lake City, and created a news-portal web site.

History
Longtime Utah gay activist Michael Aaron approached Steven Peterson in 2004 to publish what Aaron called a much-needed professional newspaper for Utah's LGBT community. Aaron had co-published the Community Reporter newspaper and Triangle Magazine in the 1980s and 90s. Peterson had published the Little Lavender Book business and organization directory.

The first issue of Salt Lake Metro newspaper was published in 2004 by Metro Publishing Inc. with Aaron as publisher and Peterson as sales manager. The newspaper began publishing when an LGBT campaign against a proposed state constitutional amendment to prohibit same-sex marriage was developing. The focus on hard news and editorial content was intended to distinguish it from other local publications.

Salt Lake Metro found quick success in attracting readers and web-site visitors, but the business partnership was wrought with disputes as advertising sales failed. Aaron was forced to scale back on writers, editors and syndicated content. By the end of 2005, Aaron was acting as publisher, editor and art director.

In 2005, the newspaper created the "Metro Cares Foundation," a nonprofit organization to support LGBT groups in the state.

Aaron left Metro Publishing Inc. in 2006 after a failed attempt to purchase it. The remaining writers and office staff went with him and QSaltLake newspaper was published two weeks later by Salt Lick Publishing LLC. The newspaper featured local and national news, opinion—both serious and camp, arts and entertainment, and sports. Cover stories ranged from the use of methamphetamine in the LGBT community to an interview with entertainer RuPaul. The newspaper created its annual readers' choice Fabby Awards ceremony in 2005.

Salt Lick Publishing LLC created Pride365, a series of annual events which celebrated LGBT pride throughout the year in Salt Lake City and which culminated in the Utah Pride Festival. Pride365 ended its activities in 2007 when its director, Chad Keller, died.

As QSaltLake owner and publisher, Aaron won the 2011 Utah Pride Festival "Dr. Kristen Ries Community Service Award."

QSaltLake was redesigned as a magazine in 2012 when Salt Lick Publishing LLC. The corporation continued the management and publication of the magazine and its projects despite a financial-loan shortfall that year.

Editors

 * Brandon Burt, April–November 2004
 * Jere Keys, November 2004–November 2005
 * Michael Aaron, November 2005–February 2006
 * Tony Hobday, March 2006
 * Kenni Littlefield, March 2006–June 2006
 * Michael Aaron, June 2006–February 2011, June 2013–present
 * Seth Bracken, February 2011–June 2013
 * Assistant Editor: JoSelle Vanderhooft, January 2007–February 2011
 * Arts Editor: Tony Hobday, March 2006–December 2020

QPages Directory
Salt Lick Publishing LLC also publishes an annual LGBT business and organization directory, QPages Directory, formerly named Gay Salt Lake Directory, Salt Lake PINQ Pages, TheQPages and QSaltLake Pages; and TheQMap, a map of Salt Lake LGBT-friendly businesses for tourists and business visitors.

QCares Foundation
Salt Lick Publishing LLC's nonprofit organization, QCares Foundation, raises funds for Utah LGBT charities, sponsors an anti-meth campaign, and a hepatitis-immunization awareness program for gay men. The organization is also an affiliate of the People With AIDS Coalition of Utah.

title: QSaltLake