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Gigot (film)

Gigot is a 1962 American comedy-drama film directed by Gene Kelly and starring Jackie Gleason.

Plot
Gigot (Gleason) (the name means "leg of mutton" in French) is a mute Frenchman living in a cellar in the Ménilmontant district of Paris in the 1920s. He ekes out a hand-to-mouth existence as a janitor at his landlady's apartment building. He is routinely treated with condescension by neighbors and often is made the butt of practical jokes. However, he is a decent and kindhearted fellow, traits not unnoticed by children and the animals he often feeds. Gigot has one unusual predilection: he is attracted by funeral processions and finds himself attending, whether or not he ever knew the departed. He can't help but cry along with all the other mourners.

After being abused by locals at a pub, he chances upon a woman, Colette (Katherine Kath), and her 6-year-old daughter Nicole (Diane Gardner), huddled in a doorway trying to stay dry. He takes them to his dingy basement abode, gives them what food and drink he has, a bed to sleep in, and shelter from the rain. Colette is suspicious but is so exhausted that she accepts.

Gigot gleefully dotes upon Nicole. Gigot is astonished to discover she is ignorant of what a church is, completely unaware of God. Nicole points to a crucifix and asks about it. The mute attempts to convey the identity and significance of Christ as the savior of the world, but Nicole cannot understand. Frustrated at his inability to explain, Gigot begins punching himself in the face, until Nicole cries for him to stop, and reassures him by imitating the motions Gigot used in his own attempts to explain.

Gigot entertains the little girl by dancing to his old gramophone, and by dressing as a waiter to feed his pet mouse. He is very protective, running alongside her on a merry-go-round to make sure she doesn't fall off. He also intervenes to protect Colette's honor while she is, in fact, in the act of propositioning a man who has sexual intercourse with prostitutes, to pick her and use her services on a bench near the merry-go-round. Gigot is beaten by the frustrated man and the john's compatriot for his trouble.

Furious over his interference with her "activities," Colette threatens to bolt with Nicole unless Gigot can provide her a life with a "man of means." Given only an hour to prove himself, Gigot happens past a bakery. The baker and his wife (having taken advantage of him for years) have been called away, thus leaving their till unattended. Gigot seizes the opportunity and steals their money.

With those ill-gotten gains, Gigot goes on a shopping spree, buying much-needed new clothes for Colette and Nicole, with a straw boater and a shave for himself. He buys a grand meal and drinks for all at a restaurant. But the good times are not to last — Colette's ex-boyfriend wants her back, and Colette succumbs. She expects to take Nicole along, but her pimp persuades her to wait.

The next morning, two bumbling bureaucrats try to remove Gigot to a home for the feeble-minded. Meanwhile, the baker has discovered the theft, and when Colette returns, Gigot and Nicole are missing. Gigot becomes a suspect, but he and Nicole are only playing at an abandoned basement chamber below the streets of Paris, while Gigot dances for her with so much gusto that the roof timbers fall in. They are nearly buried in rubble and Nicole is unconscious. Gigot rushes the girl to the church where the priest calls a doctor, but hearing Nicole feebly asking for him to play the music Gigot rushes out to retrieve the gramophone. While returning, he runs into the angry mob and flees. During the chase the gramophone falls onto the conveyor mechanism of a coal loader. Desperate to retrieve it for Nicole's sake, Gigot ignores the danger and warnings of the crowd chasing him and climbs into the loader. Ultimately the conveyor dumps the gramophone and Gigot down a chute with both falling into the river. The crowd rushes to the bank to find him and desperately try to warn off a ship heading towards the spot where Gigot disappeared. The warnings have no effect, and Gigot's hat is seen floating on the surface of the water in the wake of the ship's passing.

Thinking him dead, the locals are despondent over their despicable actions. In remorse they organize a funeral for Gigot, though all they have is his chapeau to bury. Gigot survived and is merely hiding. Unknowingly, he witnesses his own funeral procession and as usual is compelled to join it. When the time comes for the eulogy, he realizes it is for him. Gigot is spotted by the crowd and the chase begins again.

Background and other information
Gleason had conceived the story himself years earlier and had long dreamed of making the film. He wanted Orson Welles as director, and Paddy Chayefsky as screenwriter. Though Welles was an old friend, the board at Fox rejected him as being an overspender. Gene Kelly was selected as a compromise. Chayefsky was not interested and John Patrick, writer of Teahouse of the August Moon, was signed instead.

The film was shot on location in Paris. Most of the production crew and cast were French; some spoke no English. Gleason bore with this in two ways: Kelly spoke French, and Gleason's character had no lines, being mute.

Gleason was extremely proud of the film, which earned one Academy Award nomination for Best Adapted Score. Gleason received a story credit and a music credit. On the other hand, according to the book, The Films of Gene Kelly, by Tony Thomas, Kelly himself said that the film "had been so drastically cut and reedited that it had little to do with my version".

Reception
When the movie was shown at the Radio City Music Hall, The New York Times critic Bosley Crowther did not much care for Gigot: "[Gleason's] characterization of a lonely, unspeaking vagabond, who hungers for social acceptance and the warmth of somebody's love, is modeled after Chaplin... [U]nfortunately, Mr. Gleason, for all his recognized comic skill when it comes to cutting broad and grotesque capers, as he does now and then, does not have the power of expression or the subtleties of physical attitude to convey the poignant implications of such a difficult, delicate role."

Prolific critic Leslie Halliwell was not nearly so polite: "[A] grotesque piece of self-indulgence, the arch example of the clown who wanted to play Hamlet. Plotless, mawkish and wholly unfunny."

Life magazine was perhaps more taken with the spirit of the film, calling it a "genial fable." "Gleason portrays a Parisian ragamuffin who, though trapped in a world of silence and poverty, finds great joy in just being alive." The unsigned piece observes that "Because he cannot speak, people think Gigot is a fool and constantly make cruel fun of him. But like all legendary simpletons, Gigot has a heart of 36-carat gold and when he outsmarts the smart alecks, many customers in a good many lands are going to have their happiest cry since Little Red Ridinghood...."

Shamus Gwynn of the Irish Independent said “The movie touched me as a child long before I burdened myself with the yoke of a critic. Then upon my professional review many years later, I found the movie still moved me and does to this day. A subtle classic.”

In its entry on Jackie Gleason, the Encyclopedia of Hollywood Film Actors said the performer had "some starring vehicles, of which Gigot, from a story by Gleason himself, was the noblest attempt. In it he played, quite nicely, a mute, slow-witted Parisian janitor, but the extreme sentimentality of the whole piece turned off both critics and public."

Kelly later said "the people I wanted to like it didn't; it was not my picture when it ended up. Seven Arts made 40 and more cuts or changes without telling Jackie Gleason or me; we were both very unhappy about it."

Fox studio head Richard D. Zanuck claimed that the film was so unsuccessful that the studio was reluctant to approve Gleason to star in subsequent roles when he was mentioned for the lead of The French Connection.

Remake
In 2004, the film was remade for television as The Wool Cap with William H. Macy.

title: Gigot (film)


text:
mercé

Etymology
From (13th century, ), from, accusative of.

Noun

 * 1) mercy
 * 2) gift, reward

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1)  recompense
 * 2)  merit
 * 3)  help, mercy, grace
 * 4)  thanks to, by way of
 * 5)  a stroke of luck, a fortunate event
 * 1)  help, mercy, grace
 * 2)  thanks to, by way of
 * 3)  a stroke of luck, a fortunate event
 * 1)  thanks to, by way of
 * 2)  a stroke of luck, a fortunate event
 * 1)  thanks to, by way of
 * 2)  a stroke of luck, a fortunate event
 * 1)  a stroke of luck, a fortunate event
 * 1)  a stroke of luck, a fortunate event
 * 1)  a stroke of luck, a fortunate event

Interjection

 * 1) have mercy!
 * 2) please
 * 3) thanks, thank you
 * 1) thanks, thank you
 * 1) thanks, thank you
 * 1) thanks, thank you

Etymology
From, from.

Interjection

 * 1) thank you

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: mercé


text:
User:Capt.radi

If you want to learn more about me check here, my wikipedia blog

barnstar
My first wikipedia award, that's nice, I donno what prompted it, but im not complaining, I wrote about it here

title: User:Capt.radi


text:
Cookbook:Olive Oil

Olive oil is an oil derived from the fruit of the olive tree, which originated in the Mediterranean area. It is produced by pressing olives and has a very high content of monounsaturated fats.

Olive oil was traditionally produced by beating the trees with sticks to knock the olives off and crushing them in stone or wooden mortars or beam presses. Nowadays, olives are ground to tiny bits, obtaining a paste that is mixed with water and processed by centrifugation, separating the oil from the pomace (the other remaining substances).

Edible commercial olive oil can be divided into several categories according to its chemical characteristics and the production method: Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Virgin Olive Oil, and Olive Oil. The first two, virgin olive oils, are obtained only by physical extraction from the fruits. Non virgin olive oil is obtained by the chemical refining of a low-quality non-edible grade of virgin olive oil called "lampante" olive oil.

A second type of oil can be extracted from the remaining pomace. This is called Olive Pomace Oil and it is obtained, like all the other food oils, by treatment with a chemical solvent, generally hexane, and subsequent chemical refining.

Of all the categories, extra virgin olive oil presents the highest organoleptic, nutritional, and health qualities, as well as the most "flowery" taste. Today olive oil is mainly used in cooking and also in cosmetics and soaps, but it has been used for medicines and as a fuel for oil lamps.

"Cold Pressed" Extra Virgin Olive Oil is generally considered the best grade of olive oil. As the name suggests, it is obtained without heating the pressed mass. Heating frees more of the oil but lowers the quality of the resulting oil. Cold Pressed Extra Virgin olive oil is best suited to specialist uses such as salad dressings. Olive oil has a low smoke point (250°F for fancy flavorful grades, and 400°F for the cheap refined grades) and so is not well suited for cooking at high temperatures. Blended oils containing olive oil are available and combine to make a higher smoke point.

Olive oil is produced in areas that have a Mediterranean climate. Large producers of olive oil include Greece, Italy, France, Spain, and California.

Cooking with olive oil
Olive oil can be substitute for margarine or butter in a 3:4 ratio for most recipes. In other words, if your recipe calls for 1 cup of margarine or butter, you can substitute for 3/4 cup Olive oil. Do not make this substitution if you plan on cooking the recipe at 400°F (200°C) or higher. The olive oil will start to smoke at these high temperatures and will make your food have a metallic taste.

Recipes featuring olive oil
Many recipes in the cookbook use olive oil. Those listed below feature olive oil as a primary ingredient. For a full list, please use the "What links here" link.

 * Baba ganoush
 * Caesar Salad
 * English Field Bean Pate
 * Focaccia
 * Garlic croutons
 * Pesto
 * Tabouli
 * Tarbes Salad
 * Home Made Pizza

This module uses text originally published in our sister project, Wikipedia, in the article Olive oil.

title: Cookbook:Olive Oil


text:
Jacques Rémy

Jacques Rémy can refer to:

 * Jacques Rémy (field hockey) (born 1935), a Belgian Olympic hockey player
 * Jacques Rémy (footballer) (born 1972), a French footballer
 * Jacques Rémy (writer) (1911-1981), a French writer

title: Jacques Rémy


text:
Echicha

Ẹchịcha (also, Achịcha) is a dish native to the Igbo part of Nigeria consisting mainly of dried Cocoyam, mgbụmgbụ (Pigeon pea), and palm oil. It is traditionally eaten in the dry season when fresh vegetables are hard to come by.

Ẹchịcha is made by steaming the dried cocoyam and mgbụmgbụ until they are soft, then mixing the two thoroughly with a sauce made of palm oil, ụgba (seed of the oil bean tree), onions, fresh pepper, and salt.

title: Echicha


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/vanhatvelot.org

Links

 * vanhatvelot.org resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 5 additions.


text:
Talk:Pure Cult: for Rockers, Ravers, Lovers, and Sinners

Fair use rationale for Image:Pure cult - for rockers ravers lovers and sinners a.jpg
Image:Pure cult - for rockers ravers lovers and sinners a.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 17:34, 5 December 2007 (UTC)


text:
Novomikhaylovka, Loktevsky District, Altai Krai

Novomikhaylovka (Новомихайловка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Novomikhaylovsky Selsoviet, Loktevsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 216 as of 2013. There are 7 streets.

Geography
Novomikhaylovka is located 28 km northwest of Gornyak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Removsky is the nearest rural locality.


text:
Talk:Pere Marquette Lumber Company

Suggestion

 * 7&6=thirteen — The History section starts right off with Ludington's failing health, and then follows with the events and such that preceded this advent. For better narrative flow I would recommend moving that first paragraph further down in the section, with the appropriate adjustments in grammar. The first sentence/paragraph might start out something like this : e.g."The lumber baron and founder of Ludington, James Ludington, owned 360 acres that included the lots of the village of Pere Marquette in Mason County in the northwestern part of Michigan...". -- Gwillhickers (talk) 18:59, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Great ideas! Tried to implement pretty much along those lines. Always looking for improvements to the article. --Doug Coldwell (talk) 19:25, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Gwillhickers  Good suggestion. You are right.  In my work (which involves a lot of writing) I know that chronological is better, generally.
 * Here however, I was not the original author, and I am slow to interfere with the creative decisions made by Doug Coldwell. He is a first rate contributor to Wikipedia, and I respect his efforts.  So I try to tread lightly. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 22:50, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Doug, thanks. Yes, chronology is usually best, esp in the opening sentence(s) to the lede or given section. Once in a while, however, we can jump forward to connect or clarify a point made in the present, etc. Also, I hope 7+6=thirteen's and my few edits were received well. Interesting history. A beer for you and 7+6=thirteen. -- Gwillhickers (talk) 23:32, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

Attribution
Text and references copied from Pere Marquette Lumber Company to Log driving, See former article's history for a list of contributors. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 13:34, 2 October 2019 (UTC)

Clarification needed
In the History section there seems to be a sentence that needs clarification:
 * "The company had the capability to produce about four barrels of salt per day and annually produced over 90,000 barrels of salt. "

Four barrels a day x 365 days in a year would give an annual yield of only 1460 barrels. How are we getting 90,000 barrels? Seems we're missing an explanation here. e.g.Did the company start out producing 4 barrels of salt a day, and then stepped up production? -- Gwillhickers (talk) 00:02, 4 October 2019 (UTC)
 * ✅ Corrected and cleared up. --Doug Coldwell (talk) 15:04, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

Copyright contributor investigation and Good article reassessment
This article is part of Contributor copyright investigations/20210315 and the Good article (GA) drive to reassess and potentially delist over 200 GAs that might contain copyright and other problems. An AN discussion closed with consensus to delist this group of articles en masse, unless a reviewer opens an independent review and can vouch for/verify content of all sources. Please review Good article reassessment/February 2023 for further information about the GA status of this article, the timeline and process for delisting, and suggestions for improvements. Questions or comments can be made at the project talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 09:36, 9 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pere Marquette Lumber Company


text:
St. Peter's Church (Melaka)

St. Peter's Church (Gereja St. Peter) is a church in Melaka City, Melaka, Malaysia. It is the oldest functioning Roman Catholic church in Malaysia.

History
The Portuguese occupation of Melaka ended when Melaka fell to the Dutch in 1641. This was followed by period of persecutions of the Catholics in Melaka by the Dutch. Churches were destroyed and Catholics were not permitted to have their own cemeteries or even pray in their homes. Priests were also forbidden from administering their flocks. The War of the Spanish Succession resulted in an alliance formed between the Portuguese and the Dutch in 1703. This resulted in the Dutch adopting a softer stance towards the Portuguese Catholics. After years of persecutions, a piece of land was donated by a Dutch convert and St. Peter's Church was built in 1710.

Architecture
The facade and decorations of the church have a combination of eastern and western architecture. One of its bells was cast in Goa in 1608 and was salvaged from an older church the Dutch had burnt down. There is also an alabaster statue of the Lord Before the Resurrection.

title: St. Peter's Church (Melaka)


text:
Child care indicator

Child care indicators are sets of standards that act as indicators of quality child care. These standards are developed by governments, child care experts, pediatricians, and parent advocacy groups. This information is useful for parents who are seeking quality child care and for directors and staff working in child care settings for ensuring quality settings and programs.

Description
Indicators of quality child care include ratios of staff to children, Childhood experiences in quality child care settings have been linked to positive development and experiences later in life. Barriers for access to quality child care have also been identified. Cross-national comparisons regarding costs and participation in child care programs have been reported on. In recent years, Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) has been included by the United Nations as a target in their Millennium Development Goals project and has been identified by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as an important area for future policy development.

Standards of quality
Sets of child care indicators have developed globally and in some cases, nationally. While no universally accepted list of indicators or standards exists, some of the indicators that are largely accepted for quality child care are:
 * Adequate supervision
 * Hand washing and diapering policies
 * Director qualifications
 * Lead teacher qualifications
 * Ratio and group size
 * Immunization policies
 * Toxic substances policies
 * Emergency plans
 * Fire drills
 * Child abuse reporting policies
 * Medications policies
 * Staff training/first aid
 * Playground safety

Positive development
ECEC provides children with the necessary cognitive, social, and emotional skills for learning in the future. Quality child care that is guided by indicators provides play opportunities and activities that are designed for practicing these skills. Providing families with opportunities to access quality child care provides a basis for sustainable development and improved individual performance over time, for both children and parents.

Barriers
Quality child care is not consistently available currently. Some of the barriers to quality child care include:
 * Funding - Public funding for child care is not distributed equally for all child care centers. Centers with less funding have less access to the tools required to meet the standards for quality child care.
 * Licensing and regulation - Some areas lack governance that requires child care facilities to operate according to recognized standards
 * Child care providers - Educators do not consistently receive adequate compensation for their work. Some do not have access to educational tools to provide them with ongoing training and skills development.
 * Lack of guidelines for curriculum development - ECEC is not consistently delivered and does not benefit children and families equally

In North America, no federal regulations for indicators or standards have been developed that would address these barriers consistently.

title: Child care indicator


text:
User:Rache

i'm rachael im 12 years old from glasgow. i can speak french (not fluently) English, which is my native tounge, a bit of arabic and italian, and will soon start learning spanish and german with my school. i wantr to be able to speak more that two languages fluently.

title: User:Rache


text:
ACM Air Charter

ACM Air Charter is a German airline based at Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden Airport. In addition to charter flights and aircraft management the airline operates the business aviation terminal and a maintenance facility at its homebase airport.

History

ACM Air Charter was founded in 1992 in Baden-Baden. One year later in 1993, flight operations commenced. In 1997 the airline moved its headquarters to Karlsruhe / Baden-Baden Airport, where the company now also owns two hangars. It created a second business area with its maintenance department. In 1998 the airline received the approval for line and base maintenance. In the same year the first commercially approved Bombardier Challenger 604 in Germany was put into service, enabling long-haul charter flights.

In 2008 the first ultra-long range business jet was added to the fleet. The Bombardier Global Express XRS allows nonstop transatlantic flights and flights to Asia. The licence to operate the first commercially registered Dassault Falcon 7X in Germany was extended in 2010, adding another ultra-long range jet to the airline’s fleet.

In 2011, ACM Air Charter went into an agreement with Continuum Applied Technology for the implementation of the CORRIDOR Aviation Service Software, an application designed to automate all aspects of the complex maintenance of aircraft.

In 2014 ACM Air Charter received its second Boeing BBJ 2, offering ultra-long haul flights with a modern and high-class business aircraft.

Due to the new Part-NCC regulation, which entered into force in 2016, ACM took over the operation of a non-commercial Embraer Phenom 300 in March 2017.

ACM Air Charter also offers line maintenance services for aircraft of the Airbus A320 family and Boeing 737NG family at its home airport.

2022 and 2023 two new Bombardier Global 7500 joined the fleet. With a total of eight Bombardier Global jets ACM Air Charter is the largest supplier of such jets in Central Europe.

Fleet
As of July 2023, the fleet of ACM Air Charter consists of the following aircraft:

title: ACM Air Charter


text:
Geospizopsis

Geospizopsis is a genus of seed-eating birds in the tanager family Thraupidae that are commonly known as sierra finches.

Taxonomy and species list
The two species now placed in Geospizopsis were formerly placed in the genus Phrygilus. A molecular phylogenetic study of the tanagers published in 2014 found that Phrygilus was polyphyletic. In the subsequent rearrangement to create monophyletic genera, the genus Geospizopsis was resurrected. It had originally been introduced in 1856 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte with Passerculus geospizopsis Bonaparte, 1853 as the type species. This taxon is now treated as a subspecies of the plumbeous sierra finch and has the trinomial name Geospizopsis unicolor geospizopsis. The genus name combines Geospiza, a genus introduced by John Gould in 1837, with the Ancient Greek opsis meaning "appearance".

The two species in the genus are:

title: Geospizopsis


text:
Gabriel Jouveau-Dubreuil

Gabriel Jouveau-Dubreuil (1885 –1945) was a French archaeologist who specialized in Southern India.

Jouveau-Dubreuil was the first discoverer of artifacts at Nagarjunakonda in Andhra Pradesh in 1926, before systematic digging was taken over by A. H. Longhurst in 1927. He also excavated the Stupa at Goli, Andhra Pradesh in 1926. He published both in French and English.

Works

 * Archaeologie du Sud de l'Inde Vol. 1 Vol.2
 * Ancient History of the Deccan
 * The Pallavas
 * Pallava Antiquities

title: Gabriel Jouveau-Dubreuil


text:
Saki Macozoma

Sakumzi Justice Macozoma (Saki) (born 1957) is a South African former political prisoner who is now one of South Africa's most prominent businessman and a leader in civil society.

Early life and education
Macozoma was born in Port Elizabeth on 12 May 1957. He studied political science, economics, and journalism at the University of South Africa (UNISA) and at Boston University in the USA. He holds a BA degree from Unisa.

Political and business life
After spending five years in prison alongside Nelson Mandela on Robben Island for anti-apartheid activities he joined the South African Council of Churches. He also worked for the African National Congress (ANC) and South African Breweries. Macozoma is one of a small group of former ANC politicians who left politics and rapidly became successful in the business world. He became an ANC Member of Parliament in 1994 but left the legislature in 1996 to become managing director of Transnet Limited, South Africa's largest parastatal and South African Railways and Harbours Administration. During this time he was also chairman of South African Airways.

Makozoma is chairman of Vodacom Group Limited, Tshipi é Ntle Manganese Mining (Pty) Limited, international investment house, Safika Holdings and Ntsimbintle Mining BEE, which is owned by a number of Black Economic Empowerment groups and Safika Resources Limited. Safika Resources is a 100% owned subsidiary of Safika Holdings Limited and has a 74% interest in Ntsimbintle Newco Mining that in turn own a 50.1% interest in Tshipi é Ntle Manganese Mining (Pty) Limited. He is also a director of Volkswagen South Africa. OM Holdings Limited, a Singapore-based Australian Stock Exchange quoted company, own a 26% interest in Ntsimbintle Newco Mining. Jupiter Mining Limited, a public quoted Australian company on the Australian Securities Exchange ASX, own 49.9% of Tshipi é Ntle Manganese Mining (Pty) Ltd – Nsimbintle Holdings Limited owns a 19.9% interest in Jupiter Mining Limited. Tshipi abandoned its sale of the company and will no longer IPO in South Africa as previously planned. Jupiter Kalahari (Mauritius) Limited, 100% owned subsidiary of Jupiter Mining Limited, exited a joint venture agreement with OM Tshipi(s)PTE on 11 April 2017. The venture marketed all Manganese ore produced at the Tshipi Borwa Mine. OM Tshipi(s)PTE will continue to market Manganese ore from Tshipi Borwa mine.

On 10 August 2021 Macozoma was appointed to his advisory panel by Oscar Mabuyane, the premier of South Africa's Eastern Cape province.

From 2007 to December 2013, Macozoma was chairman of Liberty Holdings. He resigned to concentrate on his business interests. Before joining Standard Bank he was chief executive of New Africa Investments Limited (Nail), a publicly listed investment company with a broad portfolio that included radio stations, outdoor media and the Hertz car rental company.

Macozoma is well known for his work in civil society and is a former chairman of the Council of Higher Education and former chairman of the University of Witwatersrand Council. He is a member of the Board of Governors of Rhodes University and chairman of the Kwazulu Natal Philharmonic Orchestra. Mr. Macozoma has also served as president of Business Leadership South Africa (African Leadership Academy) and of the President's Big Business Working Group (List of business schools in South Africa) and formerly co-chairman of the Business Trust (South African company law.

He was a member of the National Executive Committee of the African National Congress from 1991 to 2008.

In 2005 Billy Masethla, then director of South Africa's National Intelligence Agency (NIA), was arrested and charged with illegally conducting surveillance of Mr Macozoma and his family.

Move to COPE
On 28 February 2009 Mr. Macozoma briefly joined Congress of the People(COPE), a party that broke away from the ruling African National Congress in 2008. Mr Macozoma is now politically unaffiliated.

Awards
In 2012 Macozoma and former president Nelson Mandela were together awarded the University of South Africa's (UNISA) highest honour, a Calabash award ( South Africa UNISA Calabash Award ) and the UKZN Scholarship Awards, Robben Island alumnus award, designed to honour those imprisoned by the apartheid regime because they fought against the system of State oppression.

The Anglican Church of Southern Africa honoured Macozoma when the Most Rev'd Thabo Makgoba, Archbishop of Cape Town admitted him to the Order of Simon of Cyrene at a meeting of the church's Provincial Synod in Benoni, Gauteng on 1 Oct 2013

title: Saki Macozoma


text:
Der Meteor

Der Meteor is the sixtieth release by Tangerine Dream. It was released in 1997. It is the first and only release of ten scheduled science fiction audio novels for children in German language.

Personnel

 * Edgar Froese - synthesizers, guitar
 * Jerome Froese - synthesizers

title: Der Meteor


text:
Talk:Dimitri Illarionov

External links modified
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title: Talk:Dimitri Illarionov


text:
Salvador Abcede

Col. Salvador Abcede (1914 – August 19, 1982) was the leader of the anti-Japanese guerrilla group on Negros. He operated in the mountains of Tanjay, Negros Oriental and later moved to the mountains of Dumaguete by the invitation of Silliman University ROTC group who also joined the soldiers under the USAFFE 71st Division during the Japanese Invasion and led guerrilla moves against the Japanese.

He was joined by the troops of the Philippine Expeditionary Forces to Korea (PEFTOK) and led the honored heroes from the Battle of Hill Eerie in 1952. Which led to Lieutenant Fidel V. Ramos, other Filipino officers and all troops with aiding American forces of the 45th Infantry Division units in fighting against the Chinese Communist forces under the People's Volunteer Army during the Korean War. He died of cirrhosis of the liver at Veterans Medical Center.

Awards and decorations

 * Distinguished Service Cross
 * Legion of Merit
 * Philippine Independence Medal
 * Philippine Liberation Medal
 * Philippine Defense Medal
 * Resistance Movement Medal (Philippines)

title: Salvador Abcede


text:
Tripolium pannonicum

Tripolium pannonicum, called sea aster or seashore aster and often known by the synonyms Aster tripolium or Aster pannonicus, is a flowering plant, native to Eurasia and northern Africa, that is confined in its distribution to salt marshes, estuaries and occasionally to inland salt works.

It is a perennial growing up to 50 cm tall with fleshy lanceolate leaves and purple ray florets flowering from July to September. The plants tend to be short-lived and populations need significant new recruitment each year from new seedlings. There are rayed as well as rayless varieties and only the former have long blue or white florets. The rayless form is yellow. The plant flowers well into autumn and hence provides a valuable source of nectar for late-flying butterflies such as painted lady and red admiral.

Young leaves of this plant are edible and are collected for consumption on the floodplains of the Dutch province of Zeeland. The leaves are typically sauteed in butter and consumed as a vegetable.

title: Tripolium pannonicum


text:
Jeremy Workman

Jeremy Workman is an American filmmaker and editor. His documentary films frequently focus on artists, eccentrics, outsiders, and those with extreme passions. His acclaimed films include Secret Mall Apartment, Deciding Vote, Lily Topples The World, The World Before Your Feet, Magical Universe, and Who Is Henry Jaglom? In many of his films, Workman serves as the director, cinematographer, and editor.

Life and career
Workman's 2024 documentary, Secret Mall Apartment, premiered at the 2024 SXSW Film Festival. It is about eight young Rhode Island artists who covertly built an apartment in a 750-square-foot (70 m2) empty space inside the architecture of the Providence Place Mall in 2003 after hearing an advertisement about imagining living in the mall. The crew lived secretly within the busy mall for nearly four years. Actor Jesse Eisenberg serves as an Executive Producer, a role he previously served on Workman’s The World Before Your Feet.

Workman's 2023 short documentary Deciding Vote, about Assemblyman George M. Michaels and his deciding vote in New York's 1970 abortion bill, premiered at Tribeca Film Festival, was released on The New Yorker, and was Shortlisted for the 96th Academy Awards in the Documentary Short Film category.

Workman's 2021 documentary, Lily Topples The World, about domino toppling artist Lily Hevesh, premiered at the 2021 SXSW Film Festival where it was awarded Grand Jury Prize for Best Documentary. Soon after, the film won the Audience Award for Best Documentary at the 2021 San Francisco International Film Festival. Actress Kelly Marie Tran serves as an Executive Producer, which marks her producing debut. In May 2021, it was announced that the documentary was a high-profile acquisition of Discovery+. Celebrated by critics, the film has a 91% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

Workman's 2018 documentary The World Before Your Feet premiered in competition at the 2018 SXSW Film Festival and was acquired by distributor Greenwich Entertainment. The documentary, about Matt Green's mission to walk every street of New York City, was widely hailed upon its release. It was a New York Times Critic's Pick, a Los Angeles Times Critics Choice, and has a 100% positive rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The film also marked the producing debut of actor Jesse Eisenberg. The film played in theaters across the United States for over a year.

Workman's 2014 documentary Magical Universe was released theatrically on October 31, 2014, with IFC Films. The film is about reclusive outsider artist Al Carbee who created elaborate dioramas and collages featuring Barbie dolls. The film grew out of Workman's 2002 short film Carbee's Barbies and encompasses the final years of Carbee's life, a time when Workman was Carbee's closest friend and his only link to the outside world. The film won several film festival awards.

Workman's debut film, Who Is Henry Jaglom? (co-directed with Henry Alex Rubin) was presented at numerous film festivals before premiering on PBS's acclaimed documentary series POV. The documentary on filmmaker Henry Jaglom has a 86% positive rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

In addition to being a director, Workman is known for his film editing, primarily as a sought-after editor of movie trailers for indie and documentary films. He has edited over 100 movie trailers and frequently speaks about trailers and movie marketing to filmmakers and film communities throughout the world.

Workman was born in New York City and grew up in Los Angeles. He is the son of filmmaker/editor Chuck Workman and began editing documentary projects under his father's tutelage when he was in his teenage years. He earned a Bachelor of Arts in English Literature from Columbia University.

Filmography

 * Secret Mall Apartment (2024)
 * Deciding Vote (2023)
 * Lily Topples The World (2021)
 * The World Before Your Feet (2018)
 * True New York (2016)
 * Magical Universe (2014)
 * One Track Mind (2005)
 * Who Is Henry Jaglom? (1997)

title: Jeremy Workman


text:
Barty

Barty is a surname and, as a given name, a diminutive or short name of Bartholomew or other names, including Barton.

It may refer to:

Surname

 * Ashleigh Barty (born 1996), Australian tennis player
 * Billy Barty (1924–2000), American actor
 * Braden Barty (born 1970), American director and producer, son of Billy
 * Jack Barty (1888–1942), British actor
 * James S. Barty (1806–1875), Scottish minister

Nickname

 * Barton Barty Smith (born 1952), American football player
 * Bartemius Barty Crouch Sr., a fictional politician in the Harry Potter series
 * Bartemius Barty Crouch Jr., a Death Eater, son of the above character

title: Barty


text:
Losing Control (disambiguation)

Losing Control is a 2011 American romantic comedy film.

Losing Control may refer to:

Film and TV

 * Losing Control, 1998 erotic film with Kira Reed Lorsch
 * Losing Control (TV series), Nigerian TV series

Music

 * Losing Control, album by Barney Bentall and the Legendary Hearts 1982
 * "Losing Control", song by Amii Stewart from Try Love
 * "Losing Control", song by Audio Adrenaline from Until My Heart Caves In, 2005
 * "Losing Control", song by Boy George from U Can Never B2 Straight 2002
 * "Losing Control", song by Ak'Sent
 * "Losing Control", song by Escape the Fate from Ungrateful
 * "Losing Control", song by Broken Bones
 * "Loosen' Control", song by Snoop Dogg 2001
 * "Losin Control", song by American rapper Russ 2015

title: Losing Control (disambiguation)


text:
Calculus/Higher Order Derivatives

The second derivative, or second order derivative, is the derivative of the derivative of a function. The derivative of the function $$f(x)$$ may be denoted by $$f'(x)$$, and its double (or "second") derivative is denoted by $$f''(x)$$. This is read as "$$f$$ double prime of $$x$$", or "The second derivative of $$f(x)$$". Because the derivative of function $$f$$ is defined as a function representing the slope of function $$f$$, the double derivative is the function representing the slope of the first derivative function.

Furthermore, the third derivative is the derivative of the derivative of the derivative of a function, which can be represented by $$f'''(x)$$. This is read as "$$f$$ triple prime of $$x$$", or "The third derivative of $$f(x)$$". This can continue as long as the resulting derivative is itself differentiable, with the fourth derivative, the fifth derivative, and so on. Any derivative beyond the first derivative can be referred to as a higher order derivative.

Notation
Let $$f(x)$$ be a function in terms of $$x$$. The following are notations for higher order derivatives.

Warning: You should not write $$f^n(x)$$ to indicate the $$n$$-th derivative, as this is easily confused with the quantity $$f(x)$$ all raised to the nth power.

The Leibniz notation, which is useful because of its precision, follows from

 * $$\frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{df}{dx}\right)=\frac{d^2f}{dx^2}$$

Newton's dot notation extends to the second derivative, $$\ddot y$$, but typically no further in the applications where this notation is common.

Examples
Find the third derivative of $$f(x)=4x^5+6x^3+2x+1$$ with respect to $$x$$.
 * Example 1

Repeatedly apply the Power Rule to find the derivatives.

 * $$f'(x)=20x^4+18x^2+2$$
 * $$f''(x)=80x^3+36x$$
 * $$f'''(x)=240x^2+36$$

Find the 3rd derivative of $$f(x)=12\sin(x)+\frac{1}{x+2}+2x$$ with respect to $$x$$.
 * Example 2

 * $$f'(x)=12\cos(x)-\frac{1}{(x+2)^2}+2$$
 * $$f''(x)=-12\sin(x)+\frac{2}{(x+2)^3}$$
 * $$f'''(x)=-12\cos(x)-\frac{6}{(x+2)^4}$$

For applications of the second derivative in finding a curve's concavity and points of inflection, see "Extrema and Points of Inflection" and "Extreme Value Theorem". For applications of higher order derivatives in physics, see the "Kinematics" section.
 * Applications

title: Calculus/Higher Order Derivatives


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Steve Askew

The result was redirect to Kajagoogoo. Nothing sourced to merge. A bold redirect is an appropriate alternative to deletion. It only needs discussion/consensus if it's challenged. So while, yes, this should have went to proposed merger talk page discussion instead of AfD, it's moot because the actual violation of procedure was reverting the redirect without any opposition to warrant the discussion. Trouts all around. czar  01:52, 25 August 2020 (UTC)

Steve Askew

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

No evidence of notability outside of band, a search only reveals sources relating to Kajagoogoo. Normally musicians without individual notability are redirected to band per WP:NBAND, but this redirect has been challenged, therefore I'm starting this AfD to get the opinions of the wider community. Hzh (talk) 21:38, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Bands and musicians-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 21:56, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of United Kingdom-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 21:56, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Merge with Kajagoogoo: Fails WP:GNG and WP:MUSICBIO. A search of Google, JSTOR, ProQuest and UK newspaper only returned mentions in relation to the band. Search of UK Charts in WP:GOODCHARTS did not return results. As nominator points out, WP:SUBNOT says, "material about individual members of a musical group are normally merged into larger articles about the group." Z1720 (talk) 23:01, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Kajagoogoo per WP:SUBNOT. I would have said merge, but seeing as the content is entirely unsourced it would require someone to first find appropriate sources for the WP:FANCRUFT. Curb Safe Charmer (talk) 09:44, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment Why was this brought to AfD rather than requesting a merger? Surely we don't want a redlink created here. Chubbles (talk) 12:07, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Standard procedure for articles that have show no notability. AfD allows editors to decide whether such articles be deleted, redirected, merged, or indeed kept. Wider range of options, also generally attracts more participants, therefore preferable. Also pointless to only discuss merging content that is completely unsourced given that unsourced content can be deleted in any article. Hzh (talk) 15:02, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Well, I'd argue that's an abuse of process; it's scope creep for AfD when we have other processes specifically set up for them. This process is set up to decide whether things should be redlinks or not, and this title clearly should not be. I suppose it's moot now that the proceedings are happening, but it's unfortunate to see so many things that really shouldn't be at AfD cropping up at AfD. Chubbles (talk) 03:40, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * All this shows that is that some editors think that their pet subjects deserve to have articles when they may not. There are many notability guidelines on whether a topic should have its own article, and rules and guidelines also exist on sourcing of content, particularly for biography of a living person. Such policy (WP:V) and guidelines (WP:N) are central to the integrity of Wikipedia as an encyclopedia with verifiable content on subjects of significance, and some editors appear to think that their own interest on a subject trumps such well-established policy and guidelines. Well, they are wrong. Hzh (talk) 12:42, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Argumentum ad hominem, here. You'll note that I haven't voted "keep", since I am not myself convinced Askew merits his own article. The rest of the comment didn't address any of my argument, but it doesn't need to; it's irrelevant to the outcome of this deletion discussion (and I am not particularly interested in continuing it elsewhere). Chubbles (talk) 15:51, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Ironic to claim argumentum ad hominem when you were the one who accuse me of misuse of process when it is in fact the standard procedure based on well-established policy and guidelines. Hzh (talk) 13:59, 21 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Bill Boss

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Bill Boss. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211326/http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/city/story.html?id=57494640-3d9f-4a14-8dfd-527935842ee6&k=77756 to http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/city/story.html?id=57494640-3d9f-4a14-8dfd-527935842ee6&k=77756
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title: Talk:Bill Boss


text:
Jalor railway station

Jalor railway station is an Indian railway station in Jalor district, Rajasthan. Its code is JOR. It serves Jalor city. The station consists of two platforms. Passenger, Express and Superfast trains halt here.

Trains
The following trains halt at Jalor railway station in both directions:

 * Yesvantpur–Barmer AC Express
 * Bhagat Ki Kothi–Ahmedabad Weekly Express
 * Bikaner–Dadar Superfast Express
 * Gandhidham–Jodhpur Express
 * Bhagat Ki Kothi–Bandra Terminus Express (via Bhildi)
 * Barmer Bandra Terminus Humsafar Express
 * Bhavnagar Haridwar Express
 * Bhagat Ki Kothi Dadar Express

title: Jalor railway station


text:
User:Kenneth Chimezie Nwanoro

I will subsenquently write small articles in my field of study.

I have chosen Mechanical engineering as a field study because of the following reasons:

Initially, when I was an extramural, I do not have any knowledge about the Mechanical engineering as a field, though

I attended a science high school where we were thought some science subjects like Mathematics, Biology, Physics, chemistry and

Geography. I developed an interest in the field of science because then people used to view science students as being brainy and

genius, with such elevated charisma and reputation, I personally pay much attention science subjects like Chemistry, Physics and

Mathematics. During this period, I have not made any attempt or thought of what I will be In future because my parents being more of

conservatives always wanted me to choose whatever I want to be in my life. Then, after my high school, it was down on me that it’s

high time I select a particular career and a professional career in that case. On writing my entrance exam into the University in my

country, I chose to study Engineering, and then the question that arises was what kind of engineer? I decided with within me that I

am very good in Chemistry and that it will be of great help for me to study petroleum and gas engineering, also another reason is

that since my country has large deposits of Crude oil and natural gas, the job will be lucrative. But due to the problem that many

young students often face, I could not manage to get through into the University because its highly competitive due to the fact that

there are limited Universities when compared to millions of applicants each year. Because of this failure to gain entrance into one

of the best Universities in my country, I once again gave a thought over what I really want to be. As a young man, its sometimes hard

and depressing even stressful to make a choice of such nature but after painstakingly examining different fields in Engineering, I

finally shout! Eureka, “Mechanical engineering is the most suitable for me”. I have discovered a profession with the broadest

knowledge in every aspect of human Endeavour. And the following are the reasons why I think I have at last made the best choice.

1.	To adapt in every situation: Since mechanical engineering is one the broadest field that involves the application of physical principles for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. I think it will help me to achieve my goals of contributing my quota in shaping the world of technology and ability to work any where irrespective of my background in that particular field. 2.	Since I like science subject, Mechanical engineering is the best option to deepen my knowledge in the mysteries of science and scientific theories that govern the universe. 3.	And also to be successful, famous and influential if I eventually manage to invent or manufacture something useful to human being.

Finally, I have chosen Mechanical engineering as my field of study because of the reasons listed above and also because I see mechanical engineering as the most promising career for me. Also I am now a student in a university in one of the European countries studying mechanical engineering.

title: User:Kenneth Chimezie Nwanoro


text:
Portal:Education/Featured Resource

Featured Resources

 * Collaborative Learning
 * Composing free and open online educational resources
 * Contextual Learning
 * Facilitating Online
 * Networked Learning

title: Portal:Education/Featured Resource


text:
Cookbook:Indian Beans

| Cuisine of India | Vegan cuisine

This is excellent with Indian potatoes and Indian rice.

Ingredients

 * 1 can lentils
 * 1 can kidney beans
 * 1 onion
 * ½ can tomatoes
 * ½ teaspoon paprika
 * ½ teaspoon salt
 * ½ teaspoon sugar
 * ¼ teaspoon cumin
 * 1 pinch turmeric

Procedure

 * 1) Chop and sauté the onion.
 * 2) Add the tomatoes.
 * 3) Add all the spices.
 * 4) Add the lentils and kidney beans.
 * 5) Cook everything for 20 minutes over medium heat.

title: Cookbook:Indian Beans


text:
Template talk:Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Incomplete list of directors
thank you for your recents edits. I have a question for you: if the list of directors is incomplete, then shall "..." be used?--Александр Мотин (talk) 10:03, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Personally I would say no, as it is normal it only includes those notable enough or potentially notable enough for their own articles. The ellipsis is unnecessary and just makes it flow worse in my opinion. -bɜ:ʳkənhɪmez (User/say hi!) 14:48, 16 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
General Relativity/Contravariant and Covariant Indices

< General Relativity

Rank and Dimension
Now that we have talked about tensors, we need to figure out how to classify them. One important characteristic is the rank of a tensor, which is the number of indicies needed to specify the tensor. An ordinary matrix is a rank 2 tensor, a vector is a rank 1 tensor, and a scalar is rank 0. Tensors can, in general, have rank greater than 2, and often do.

Another characteristic of a tensor is the dimension of the tensor, which is the count of each index. For example, if we have a matrix consisting of 3 rows, with 4 elements in each row (columns), then the matrix is a tensor of dimension (3,4), or equivalently, dimension 12.

The important thing about rank and dimension is that they are invariant to changes in the coordinate system. You can change the coordinate system all you want, and the rank and the dimensions don't change. This brings up the important question of how tensors do change when you change the coordinate system. One thing we shall find when we look at the question is that in reality there are two different types of vectors.

Contravariant and Covariant Vectors
Imagine that you are flying a bomber at 1,000 kilometers per hour to the east, or along the positive x-axis. We shall call your velocity vector v. For now, we will keep the vectors one-dimensional. Suddenly you realize that you are in a meter-ish mood and so we want to figure out how fast you are going using meters instead of kilometers. Quickly changing your coordinate system, you find that you are traveling 1000 * 1000 = 1000 000 meters per hour easterly. We will call this vector v'. No problem.

Now you decide to climb, and you notice the temperature changing. We then draw a map of how the temperature changes as we fly. We then travel along the path of steepest ascent, or fastest cooling. At our current position, the temperature falls at 10 Celsius degrees per kilometer toward the east. Let's call this temperature gradient vector w. Again, you go into a meter-ish mood. Doing a quick calculation you figure out that the gradient of the temperature change is -10/1000 = -.01 Celsius degrees per meter. We shall call this vector w'.

Did you notice something interesting?

Even though we are talking about two vectors we are treating them very differently when we change our coordinates. In the first case, the vector reacted to the coordinate change by a multiplication. That is to say, v'=k•v. In the second case, we did a division: w'=1/k•w. The first case we were changing a vector that was distance per something, while in the second case, the vector was something per distance. These are two very different types of vectors. The graphic below depicts the vectors representing v, v', w, and w' The mathematical term for the first type of vector is called a contravariant vector. The second type of vector is called a covariant vector. Sometimes a covariant vector is called a one form.

 * Attempting a fuller explanation

 * It is easy to see why w is called covariant. Covariant simply means that the characteristic that w measures, change in temperature, increases in magnitude with an increase in displacement along the coordinate system.  In other words, the further you travel from a fixed point, the more the temperature changes, or equivalently, change in temperature covaries with change in displacement.

 * Although it is a bit more difficult to see, v is called contravariant for precisely the opposite reason. Since v represents a velocity, or distance per unit time, we can think of v as the inverse of time per unit distance, meaning the amount of time that passes in traveling a certain fixed amount of distance.  Time per unit distance is clearly covariant, because as you travel further and further from a fixed point, more and more time elapses.  In other words, time covaries with displacement.  Since velocity is the inverse of time per unit distance, than it follows that velocity must be contravariant.

 * The difference is also evident in the units of measure. The units of measure for v are meters per hour, whereas the units for w are degrees Celsius per meter.  The coordinate system is position in space, measured in units of meters.  So again, we see that the coordinate system appears in the numerator of v, which suggests that v is contravariant  (with inverse time in this case), whereas the coordinate system appears in the denominator of w, which indicates that w is covariant (with change in temperature).

 * Contravariant vectors describe those quantities where the distance units comes at the numerator (like velocity), whereas covariant are those where the distance unit is at the denominator (like temperature gradient).

These are, of course, just fancy mathematical names. As we can see contravariant vectors and covariant vectors are very different from each other and we want to avoid confusing them with each other. To do this mathematicians have come up with a clever notation. The components of a contravariant vector are represented by superscripts, while the components of a covariant vector are represented by subscripts. So the components of vector v are v1 and v2 while the components of vector w are w1 and w2.

Scale Invariance
Now that we have contravariant vectors and covariant vectors, we can do something very interesting and combine them. We have a contravariant vector that describes the direction and speed at which we are going. We have covariant vector that describes the rate and direction at which the temperature changes. If we combine them using the dot product

 * $$ f \ \ = \ \ \mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{w} $$

dT/dt = 1000 · -10 = -10000 degrees Celsius per hour

we get the rate at which the temperature changes, f, as we move in a certain direction, with units of degrees Celsius per hour. The interesting thing about the units of f is that they do not include any units of distance, such as meters or kilometers. So now suppose we change the coordinate system from meters to kilometers. How does f change?

 * $$ f \ \ = \ \ \mathbf{v'} \cdot \mathbf{w'} $$

dT/dt = 100,0000 · -.01 = -10000 degrees Celsius per hour

It doesn't. We call this characteristic scale invariance, and we say that f is a scale invariant quantity. The value of f is invariant with changes in the scale of the coordinate system.

Now so far we have been treating w as if it were just an odd type of vector. But there is a another more powerful way of thinking about w. Look at what we just did. We took v, combined it with w and got something that doesn't change when you change the coordinate system. Now one way of thinking about it is to say that w is a function, that takes v and converts it into a scale invariant value, f. In plainspeak, w would be the function that takes in any velocity of a particle and produces the change in temperature that the particle experiences each hour (for the specific temperature field declared earlier).

Vector Spaces and Basis Vectors
This fact that a covariant vector like w can convert any contravariant vector like v into a scale invariant value like f is summarized by saying that w is a linear functional.

Let us be more precise about the word like. Mathematical operations, such as converting one sort of vector into another sort of vector, are done on vector spaces. See vector space for a careful definition of vector spaces. Here, loosely speaking, let us say that a vector space is a set of vectors which can be added together and multiplied by numbers and that the result is always another vector in the same vector space.

Let us define $$V$$ to be the vector space of contravariant vectors like v.

Then, the set of all covariant vectors like w, which convert vectors like v from $$V$$ into scalars like f, which we can also call the set of all linear functionals w on $$V$$, can be given the name $$V^*$$, which we call the dual space.

$$V^*$$ is also a vector space. Remember, we can view w as a vector or as a function, depending on which of its properties we wish to emphasize.

Now we can be more careful about the word like by saying which spaces w and v must be a member of: any vector w in $$V^*$$ (called a covariant vector, or a 1-form) can convert any vector v in $$V$$ (called a contravariant vector) into a scale invariant value like f. (We have not said what space or set f is a member of: in practice, we will usually only be interested in f as a member of the set of real numbers.)

Any vector space has a set of basis vectors. That is to say, if $$\mathbf{v} \in V$$, then $$\mathbf{v}$$ may be written as $$\sum_{\alpha} v^\alpha \mathbf{e}_\alpha$$ where,
 * $$ {\alpha}$$ is an index ranging from 1 to the dimension of $$\mathbf{v}$$.
 * The set {$$\mathbf{e}_\alpha$$} are the basis vectors of vector space $$ \mathbf V$$.
 * $$ v^\alpha $$ is a constant.

Note that although components of contravariant vectors are written with superscript ("upper") indices, the basis vectors are written with subscript ("lower") indicies. If the set {$$\mathbf{e}_\alpha$$} is a basis for $$V$$, then $$\mathbf{v} \in V$$ is written as the linear combination $$\mathbf{v}=v^\mu \mathbf{e}_\mu$$. (We are using Einstein summation notation, detailed in the next section; this is shorthand for $$\sum_{\mu} v^\mu \mathbf{e}_\mu$$.)

Before moving on to covariant vectors, we must define the notion of a dual basis. Remember that elements of $$V^*$$ are linear functionals on $$V$$. So we can "apply" covariant vectors to contravariant vectors to get a scalar. For example, if $$\mathbf{\sigma} \in V^*$$ and $$\mathbf{v} \in V$$, then $$\mathbf{\sigma} (\mathbf{v})$$ returns a scalar. Now, the dual basis is defined as follows: if {$$\mathbf{e}_\alpha$$} is a basis for $$V$$, then the dual basis is a basis {$$\mathbf{\omega^\alpha}$$} for $$V^*$$ which satisfies $$\mathbf{\omega}^\mu (\mathbf{e}_\nu) = \delta_\nu^\mu$$ (where $$\delta_\nu^\mu$$ is the Kronecker delta) for every $$\mu$$ and $$\nu$$.

Now, the components of covariant vectors are written with subscript ("lower") indices. As {$$\mathbf{\omega^\alpha}$$} is a basis for $$V^*$$, we can write a covariant vector $$\mathbf{\sigma}$$ as $$\mathbf{\sigma} = \sigma_\mu \mathbf{\omega}^\mu$$.

We can now evaluate any functional (covariant vector) applied to any vector (contravariant vector). If $$\mathbf{\sigma} \in V^*$$ and $$\mathbf{v} \in V$$, then by linearity $$\mathbf{\sigma} (\mathbf{v}) = \sigma_\alpha \mathbf{\omega}^\alpha (v^\beta \mathbf{e}_\beta) = \sigma_\alpha v^\beta \mathbf{\omega}^\alpha (\mathbf{e}_\beta) = \sigma_\alpha v^\beta \delta_\beta^\alpha = \sigma_\alpha v^\alpha$$. Finally, if we define $$\mathbf{e}_\alpha (\mathbf{\omega}^\beta) = \delta_\alpha^\beta$$, we see that $$\mathbf{v} (\mathbf{\sigma}) = \mathbf{\sigma} (\mathbf{v})$$.


text:
Talk:SLS Reading List

Does wikisource have works by these people?--Rayc 01:15, 22 September 2006 (UTC)
 * What is SLS? What criteria is being used to choose these works?  How long is this list expected to get?  Will specific books be mentioned, or just authors?  The Jade Knight 18:50, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:SLS Reading List


text:
Talk:Vikram Sarabhai

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start classBetacommandBot 16:50, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Kamala Chowdhury
This article reads like a hagiography. Why is nothing mentioned about Sarabhai keeping a mistress? It was quite the scandal at the time. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:19, 23 September 2010 (UTC)

Sarabhai crater
There is a Sarabhai crater on the Moon. Aldo L (talk) 14:52, 25 November 2010 (UTC)

Sarabhai crater
Sarabhai is a small, circular, bowl-shaped crater on the Mare Serenitatis, in the northeast quadrant of the Moon. The formation is relatively isolated, being located to the northeast of the crater Bessel. It lies along a wrinkle ridge designated the Dorsum Azara —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:56, 6 October 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
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Vikram Sarabhai
Date of birth is written wrong Luciffer977 (talk) 03:42, 20 November 2018 (UTC)

Too little information
Vikram Sarabhai was the founder of many institutions. He founded ISRO, which is one of the biggest government space organizations in the world. The page is very small, and it deserves to be enlarged. Very little information is given about this great man who changed India forever. Had it not been for him, India wouldn't be part of this elite bunch of nations that have made it to Mars successfully! Please enlarge this page and provide more information. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:31, 20 January 2020 (UTC)

Removed a local slang word "dingachikka" from the article Kalpak (talk) 10:01, 10 May 2021 (UTC)Kalpak

 * Agree, when one compares this article with his peer Homi_J._Bhabha, this article looks quite lean. This requires to be expanded. Abpillai (talk) 06:01, 10 September 2023 (UTC)

Need some information
I need some information about Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai's mother, Sarla Devi, to create a new page about her. If you have any information about her please help me. Thank you. The passionate editor is doing a great work (talk) 16:40, 3 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vikram Sarabhai


text:
Cyamodontoidea

Cyamodontoidea is an extinct superfamily of placodont marine reptiles from the Triassic period. It is one of the two main groups of placodonts, the other being Placodontoidea. Cyamodontoids are distinguished from placodontoids by their large shells, formed from fused bony plates called osteoderms and superficially resembling the shells of turtles. Cyamodontoids also have distinctive skulls with narrow, often toothless jaws and wide, flaring temporal regions behind the eyes. Two large temporal openings are positioned at the top of the back of the skull, an arrangement that is known as the euryapsid condition and seen throughout Sauropterygia, the marine reptile group to which placodonts belong. Cyamodontoids are also distinguished by their large crushing teeth, which grow from the palatine bones on the roof of the mouth.

Shell
The shells of cyamodontoids differ from those of turtles in several ways. Turtle shells are fused to their skeletons in several regions, including the vertebrae, ribs, gastralia (belly ribs), and pectoral girdles, but cyamodontoid shells overlie skeletal bones without any fusion. Turtle shells are also composed of two layers of osteoderms, while cyamodontoid shells only have one layer. Cyamodontoids typically have more osteoderms forming their carapaces and plastrons (upper and lower shells) than do turtles, and the osteoderms have less well-defined shapes than the geometric scutes of turtles.

History
The division of placodonts into two groups was first proposed in 1863 by German paleontologist Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer, who named Macrocephali ("large skulls") and Platycephali ("flat skulls"). Macrocephali would later be known as Placodontoidea, and Platycephali would later become Cyamodontoidea. Complete skeletons of placodonts were not known at the time of von Meyer's proposed classification, and the large shells of cyamodontoids were unknown.

title: Cyamodontoidea


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Hermitage (restaurant)

Hermitage is a defunct restaurant in Rijsoord, Netherlands. It was a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star in 1995 and retained that rating until 2014.

In 2013, Gault Millau awarded the restaurant 15 out of 20 points. Hermitage was a member of Alliance Gastronomique Néerlandaise.

Head chef of Hermitage was Jan Klein. Jan Klein started the restaurant in Zwijndrecht and relocated to Rijsoord in 1999. This building is a monument named "Wapen van Rijsoord", built as a farm around 1800.

The restaurant closed down on 10 June 2014 when chef Klein filed for bankruptcy. He cites as main causes for the bankruptcy his expensive monumental building and price campaign weeks that favoured price above quality.

On 31 October 2014 a new restaurant, Ross Lovell, opened in the Wapen van Rijsoord building.

title: Hermitage (restaurant)


text:
Roszczyce railway station

Roszczyce is a non-operational PKP railway station in Roszczyce (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.

title: Roszczyce railway station


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/River City Star

The result was delete. czar 04:45, 1 September 2020 (UTC)

River City Star

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Advertisement for a non-notable cruise on the Missouri River. Coverage is either not about the cruise or promo for the cruise. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 05:14, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Transportation-related deletion discussions. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 05:14, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Iowa-related deletion discussions. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 05:14, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Nebraska-related deletion discussions. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 05:14, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Salvio 11:23, 25 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete per WP:G11. Why bring obvious adverts to AfD?  Java Hurricane  12:31, 25 August 2020 (UTC)
 * It has existed since 2006, so I thought more thorough consideration was warranted. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 12:34, 25 August 2020 (UTC)
 * On going a little deeper, I found that the advertising was introduced later by a promotional SPA. I have removed the spam and withdrawn the G11 tag.  Java Hurricane  12:47, 25 August 2020 (UTC)
 * On doing a BEFORE search, I found no sigcov that would take this past the GNG. So, Delete.  Java Hurricane  13:39, 25 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Battle of Melitaea

Rhamnus?
This article describes the battle in Thessaly. Rhamnus was a town in Attica. Something is wrong. It was Phocion who won the battle near Rhamnus, as Plutarch says in Plut. Phoc. 25. The title of this article shoud be changed. Although we don't know for sure where Greeks won the Leonnatus' army (somewhere near Lamia, we can guess), it wasn't Rhamnus. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:22, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Battle of Melitaea


text:
Introduction to Philosophy/What is Political Philosophy

< Introduction to Philosophy

A good definition for Political Philosophy is found only after determining what is politics, which is a sticky question to begin with. Politics could be defined as "the question of how to distribute a scarce amount of resources 'justly.'" Which is, essentially, the way in which people obtain, keep, and exercise power. Political philosophy, then, is the study of the theories behind politics. These theories may be used to gain power or to justify its existence.

Mostly, however, they have been used to justify or legitimate the existence of contemporary political structures by appealing to "rationality," "reason," or, among others, "natural law."

Plato's Republic is a good starting point for political philosophy, however, it's really a treatise on education. It starts out by trying to define Justice (one of Kenneth Burke's "God Terms"). In it, he makes an argument for a sort of acetic life-style by, through a standard Platonic dialogue, laying out a minimally functional society. He then, somewhat parodically, responds to the question of luxury by outlining how to 'justly' lay out a state that will accommodate luxuries for the entitled (a state that looks very similar to Sparta). It's a good starting place, because it lays out his conception of Justice, which, inevitably, is based on his theory of the forms, which is a similar basis of conceptions of natural law.

Skipping a few thousand years and many important texts, we get to Nicolo Machiavelli's The Prince,  which was written in 1513 and published, after his death, in 1532. Machiavelli lived in Florence under the Medici family's rule. During a brief period of reform, the Medicis were chased from power, and Machiavelli became a diplomat. When the Medicis returned, Machiavelli was basically exiled. One reason he might have written The Prince was to try to return to public life in Florence. This book is often criticized for its moral relativism, and, in an inadequate summarization, that power defines moral action.

Moving along, we can get to the social contract theorists, namely Jean Jacques Rousseau, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Charles Montesquieu, and Baruch Spinoza. This, of course, will be a brief and incomplete treatment of them, but it's a starting place. Hobbes' theory is mostly found in his book Leviathan. In it, he defines the state of nature (the prepolitical society) as a place where life is "nasty, brutish, and short." It's important to understand that Hobbes was writing after the Thirty Years War (a religious conflict between, primarily, the English Protestants and the Spanish Catholics), so he had a very pessimistic view of Human Nature. He basically thought that man, left to its own devices, would war against itself, hence the above quotation.

From that, Hobbes had a view that society with a state, at its worst, was better than having no state at all, so he concluded that any state action would be justified if for no other reason than that it is a modus vivendi, a lesser evil. The crux of this, and all social contract theory, is that the citizen has a sort of contract with the state in which people give up some autonomy to make their lives better. For Hobbes, this autonomy was given up to protect life at its most fundamental level.

Locke, however, has an entirely different notion. His view of the state of nature (the prepolitical society) is much nicer. Basically people will respect each other and not infringe on another's person or property. If someone does, then the agressee has the natural right to rectify the situation, and anyone else who witnesses an aggressor has the duty to help the agressee. Locke concedes that property disputes will eventually be numerous enough that this would be time consuming, and in the general interest, people will form a state in order to have someone else protect their property and persons--basically to settle disputes--out of convenience. Much of this is laid out in The Second Treatise on Government. It's important to note that much of the U.S. constitution is based on Locke's political philosophy.

A question, of course, is why these social contract theorists are doing what they're doing. I mean, they're creating these ridiculous constructs of a prepolitical reality through a strange process of abstraction. One answer is that they're justifying the existence of the state and the state's actions. Under Hobbes' view, the state is thus legitimate in anything it does, in any violation of 'human rights' because, well, things would be worse off without it. Locke goes about it in order to have a sort of neutral procedure to protect property rights.

More contemporary social contract theorists include Robert Nozick (his main book on this, Anarchy, the State, and Utopia, is a defense for the libertarian state), John Rawls (whose book A Theory of Justice outlines the philosophy of deontological liberalism, which is a system of redistributive justice), and Bruce Ackerman (who wrote Social Justice in the Liberal State, arguing for a sort of dialogic justice.)

Another important figure is John Stuart Mill who wrote Utilitarianism. Expanding on Jeremy Bentham's notion of Utilitarianism, Mill's short book influenced political calculations for over a hundred years. The main thrust of Utilitarianism is to increase the overall utility for a society. Utility is similar to happiness, so a decision or distributive scheme that would increase the societal level of happiness is better than a scheme that wouldn't--simple enough. The main critique of Bentham's Utilitarianism is the case in which there are three people and a certain distributions would give person A and B 151 utilitons each (the measurement for utility) and give Person C 0 utilitons. In other configurations, each might be able to have 100 utilitons each, however, the extra two utilitons are created by this distribution at the expense of Person C. This would create, to invoke the catchphrase, a "tyranny of the majority." Mill's Utilitarianism responded to this by adding in protections for the minority.

Some more contemporary political philosophers are Hannah Arendt, Jurgen Habermas, Ernesto Laclau, Judith Butler, Richard Rorty, and Slavoj Zizek.


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/rye.patch.com

Links

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 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
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Users

 * Amaury
 * User is whitelisted: User is in trusted groups rollbacker, reviewer on some wikis
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Additions

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text:
Planning economic development

This course will examine factors in planning economic development. Through this course you will hopefully leave with a better sense of how to plan for quality economic development.

There are a multitude of different perspectives on economic development that fall into the realms of economic, political and philosophical.

Questions that will be explored are:
 * How can economic development best be stimulated?
 * What sort of business regulations are most conducive to quality economic development?
 * How can regulations be developed to maximize the benefit for both the people of the state and the businesses and their customers?

What is economic development?
Definition Economic development has several definitions from local to global perspectives. Professor of Economics and Public Policy Alan Deardorff at the University of Michigan as part of his International Economics Glossary calls it: "Sustained increase in the economic standard of living of a country's population, normally accomplished by increasing its stocks of physical and human capital and improving its technology." At the local level, the term is brought to a more reachable level. For example the UrbanPlan curriculum states: "Economic development—A term generally applied to the expansion of a community’s property and sales tax base or the expansion of the number of jobs through office, retail, and industrial development." An interesting Cornell article expands: "Economic development is typically measured in terms of jobs and income, but it also includes improvements in human development, education, health, choice, and environmental sustainability. Business and economic developers in the US are increasingly recognizing the importance of quality of life, which includes, environmental, and recreational amenities, as well as social infrastructure such as child care, in attracting and retaining businesses in a community." In each of these definitions, the focus is on growth of the physical and social sphere of life. As well there is an inherent goal, that such growth achieves a greater "standard of living" or "quality of life." Growth and improvement, of course, not simply endless building such as that of residential suburbia. However the field does presume one common fact, that what is there is not providing what that community needs.

In government structure Economic development (ED) is seen both as a policy and a profession. In the United States, most local governments have an economic development authority that oversees and guides enterprise in states and cities. Many states have multiple layers of such groups. For example, a neighborhood might have it's own non-profit to help small businesses establish storefronts. The municipality's economic development department would help major corporations locate into city limits. Most cities have metropolitan regions, and such regional authorities can promote entire areas of a state for new companies. The state's workforce and employment department would then overlap all of these, tracking job growth and ensuring Federal funds may be available for job programs and assistance. ED many times is an expected part of government function because cities and regions are constantly competing for jobs which no longer need a specific location.

As government policy As policy, ED is frequently noted in the news as a function of a country's government to improve the welfare of its citizens by providing and literally building opportunities. The skyscrapers and dams being fervorently built in China's coastal cities and rural west have become a symbol of ED. The term started for American cities in the advent of suburbia in the 1970s but had not exactly entered American politics until the economic boon of the 1990s. ED has traditionally been applied to major projects such as a new industrial zone or enclosed shopping mall as well as waterworks projects and freeway expansion. However suburbia by the 1990s began to realize that the capitalist micro-economies of downtowns were not going to remake themselves and the term gained full footing to ensure stability in new cities by carefully planning and plotting the location of potential retail, services, and office. ED has also become familiar with medical and hospitality industries, seeing hospital campuses and hotels as valuable as an office tower. The main goal with ED as government policy is that jobs must grow in the end, much like how private companies ultimately wish to gain profits from new investment.

As a profession As a profession, ED Directors and Business Specialists work with business owners and much like courting deals in the private sector, will try to provide opportunities to entrepreneurs. These may include qualifying special new business loans, offering tax breaks on a piece of land, or ensuring planning officials can compromise to approve a project. While ED personnel are generally "on the ground," they also do extensive research and quantitative analysis as to potential sites which may accommodate future employers. Regularly they perform many urban planning and community development functions such as identifying properly zoned areas for commercial or industrial and the accompanying codes and variances that could suit a business model. With these goals, ED staff may also influence planning decisions and encourage the establishment of Enterprise Tax Zones which specifically encourage businesses to locate in a particular geographic area.

The city and the hinterland
The basis for urban economies is in understanding the relationship of cities and the hinterland. The hinterland has been used since the 20th century by geographers to describe rural land, the "empty" and "wild" space between cities. Eugene van Cleef would better define it in "Hinterland and Umland," tracing its Germanic routes as the land extending from the coast. The best equivalent is "back country." Though with a slight negative connotation, the hinterland has become an appropriate term to describe land areas that do not necessarily have a city or urbanized function but are not necessarily rural lands. For example much of the central to western United States is unincorporated or not in use at all due to natural features. As well hinterland encompasses all natural lands even those in protected status.

The need to understand the relationship between the city (meaning both urbanized and metropolitan areas) and the hinterland, is helpful to understanding the cycle of urban economies and flow of investment and assets. ((more text to be added))

title: Planning economic development


text:
Talk:Ypsilanti, North Dakota

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Ypsilanti, North Dakota. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:

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title: Talk:Ypsilanti, North Dakota


text:
Spanish/First Conjugation Verb

Verb amar (to love)

This is the typical example of a regular first conjugation verb in Spanish.

Formas no personales

 * Infinitivo: amar
 * Gerundio: amando
 * Participio: amado

title: Spanish/First Conjugation Verb


text:
User:Mujinga/partdeux

L0L
 * Lamest edit wars being proposed for deletion seven times is pretty good.
 * A very wholesome AMA with Steve Pruitt
 * User page design center

sadface
 * Time to ditch Wikipedia?
 * Wikipedia blocked in China ahead of Tiananmen Square anniversary
 * Naughty North Face

short reflections
 * another wikipedia rant
 * willy waggling on wikipedia is a recurrent thing for me to write about, most times offsite, for once here and it has already been hotlinked, fame at last

long reflect
 * pondering editing philosophies

2019
 * Editing help
 * WikiProject_Women_in_Red
 * https://f-squared.org/whovisual/
 * Ownership_of_content
 * Unusual articles
 * WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Reviewing_instructions
 * [wikistress https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wstress3d]

currently listening to
 * Mouse & No Name

zines
 * zinewiki
 * zine library
 * infokiosques

alternative views
 * anarchopedia RiP
 * Deletionpedia
 * sickipedia RiP
 * uncyclopedia

well i never
 * Trombone suicide
 * Auschwitz bombing debate
 * Milicianas in the Spanish Civil War
 * Rugby boy
 * Giro (dog)
 * Mexican Drug War
 * Dorodango
 * WikiProject Kylie Minogue FFS
 * Slighting
 * List_of_assassination_attempts_on_Adolf_Hitler
 * Longplayer
 * As Slow As Possible
 * The Mad Pooper
 * Tamam Shud
 * Kulturfabrik Esch-sur-Alzette (Luxembourg)
 * History of Brighton
 * East Brighton Park
 * Apple Maggot Quarantine Area
 * Cline Buttes

title: User:Mujinga/partdeux


text:
schivare

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to dodge, sidestep, avoid, or evade
 * 2)  to preserve
 * 3)  to despise

title: schivare


text:
User:Engram

Hello all! I am very interested here at Wikiversity, I'm glad that this has been brought upon the Internet, and will willingly participate and contribute.

Background
I'm new, but for whoever's reading this, i am not a "noob" or "newcomer". I have plenty of wiki experience, I am a regular editor on Wikipedia. An editor in exile on Memory Alpha, a major contributer to NSwiki, and I've created wikis of my own.

Sorry for disturbing you. i want to register also but i don't know how please help me. Ahdc.

title: User:Engram


text:
User:Ahw001

My interests include the Flow battery and many other sorts of Energy storage and generation devices. I have 10 years' post doctoral research and development experience in this field. Batteries offer an interesting (at least to me) blend of chemistry (electrochemistry), physics, electonics and engineering.

title: User:Ahw001


text:
Puzzles/Analogies

The word analogy itself coming from Greek words;ana- "upon, according to" and logos -"word","speech" Hence, it is a type of linguistic skills of grouping the words into their own groups.

The analogy puzzles are used to identify the relationship between a pair of words.

The format of analogies (in puzzles) are usually as followed: 1. [A] is to [B] as [C] is to [D] 2. [A]:[B] :: [C]:[D]

Usually, only the first pair of words are provided [A] and [B] (at times [C] are also provided) and the subject must correlate [C] relationship to [D]

For example: (1) carrot:vegetable :: banana: _____________

As we can see, in the first pair of words, the word carrot are grouped into vegetable category, hence the word bananas in a way should be categorized into fruits category

(2) angry is to happy as fast is to ____________

The word angry are opposite to word happy, the second pair of word, the word opposite of fast is slow

title: Puzzles/Analogies


text:
User:Xaba.Adia/Evaluate an Article

Evaluate an article
This is where you will complete your article evaluation. Please use the template below to evaluate your selected article.

 * Name of article: Culture of Guyana
 * I chose to evaluate this article because I enjoy Caribbean cuisine and wanted to learn more about its history and culture. I wanted to choose a specific region, I chose to examine an article about Guyanese cuisine.

Lead

 * Guiding questions

 * Does the Lead include an introductory sentence that concisely and clearly describes the article's topic?
 * This articles lead simply breaks down the outside cultural and regional influences that encompasses Guyanese cuisine.
 * Does the Lead include a brief description of the article's major sections?
 * The article is broken down into parts that outline the culture, art, notable people and cuisine of Guyana.
 * Does the Lead include information that is not present in the article?
 * No all the information is consistent
 * Is the Lead concise or is it overly detailed?
 * Yes it is clear and concise.

Content

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article's content relevant to the topic?
 * The articles content is relevant to the topic.
 * Is the content up-to-date?
 * This article is up to date and was last updated on September 14, 2019.
 * Is there content that is missing or content that does not belong?
 * All the content included is relevant to the over all topic. There is no information that doesn't belong.

Tone and Balance

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article neutral?
 * The article is neutral and unbiased. It provides information that does not sway the reader to draw any particular conclusion.
 * Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
 * No. The information provided is neutral and unbiased.
 * Are there viewpoints that are over represented, or underrepresented?
 * No
 * Does the article attempt to persuade the reader in favor of one position or away from another?
 * No

Sources and References

 * Guiding questions

 * Are all facts in the article backed up by a reliable secondary source of information?
 * Yes. All information is properly backed up by reliable sources.
 * Are the sources thorough - i.e. Do they reflect the available literature on the topic?
 * Yes. All sited links bring you to pages that are related to the main topic.
 * Are the sources current?
 * Yes they are all current. None are older than a year or two old.
 * Check a few links. Do they work?
 * The links I've checked all seem to work and bring me to the proper pages.

Organization

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article well-written - i.e. Is it concise, clear, and easy to read?
 * The article provides clear and easy to read material. There are no inconsistencies or irrelevant information included.
 * Does the article have any grammatical or spelling errors?
 * The article displays proper grammar and spelling use.
 * Is the article well-organized - i.e. broken down into sections that reflect the major points of the topic?
 * Yes, the article is properly broken down and follows a cohesive model and template.

Images and Media

 * Guiding questions

 * Does the article include images that enhance understanding of the topic?
 * The article did not include many pictures. I was expecting to see images of some Guyanese dished, scenery and landmarks include in the article. There were a few links that when you hoover over them will show a picture but there was only one pictures included in the article.
 * Are images well-captioned?
 * One photo was captioned.
 * Do all images adhere to Wikipedia's copyright regulations?
 * Yes
 * Are the images laid out in a visually appealing way?
 * There is only one picture included.

Checking the talk page

 * Guiding questions

 * What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
 * There is a question posed asking if Guyanese people still us the terminology "tea" when referencing breakfast.
 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
 * It is ranked as a high class started article.
 * How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?
 * Wikipedia includes many various subcategories which breaks down other related aspects of the main topic.

Overall impressions

 * Guiding questions

 * What is the article's overall status?
 * The over all status is that its a started article.
 * What are the article's strengths?
 * This article is cohesive and clearly outlines some key topics regarding Guyana, its culture and cuisine.
 * How can the article be improved?
 * Including more pictures is one major space that needs improvement.
 * How would you assess the article's completeness - i.e. Is the article well-developed? Is it underdeveloped or poorly developed?
 * I think the article could be updated to include more information about the architecture, sports and folklore of Guyana. Those sections seemed incomplete and lacked in depth break down of the information.

Overall evaluation
Over all, this article is a reliable source and proved up to date information relating to Guyana its culture and food. The article has some sections that need to be expanded on but for the purpose of this article, the article has good information about the make up of Guyanese cuisine. I could have included more viscerally appealing photographs.

Optional activity

 * Choose at least 1 question relevant to the article you're evaluating and leave your evaluation on the article's Talk page. Be sure to sign your feedback

with four tildes — ~

 * Link to feedback:

title: User:Xaba.Adia/Evaluate an Article


text:
Handmade Songs

Handmade Songs (stylized as Handmade Songs by Tori Kelly) is the first extended play (EP) by American singer Tori Kelly. The EP was released on May 1, 2012, through the record label Toraay Records.

The EP was preceded by the single "Confetti". Handmade Songs by Tori Kelly debuted and peaked at number 9 on the US Top Heatseekers.

Track listing
All tracks are written and produced by Tori Kelly.

title: Handmade Songs