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Wikiversity:Creating a lesson plan

Creating a Lesson Plan
It is simple and easy to start or create a lesson plan at Wikiversity. This procedure is only one suggested starting point. Please modify it to express or try out your own ideas. Detailed instructions on how to write a lesson plan are available at Humboldt. Further information packets are available at the search service ask.com and/or at google.

Traditional Approach
1. Identify what you wish the participant to be able to learn from the lesson. This is often called the objective of the lesson.

 * Keep in mind the early participant's objectives may differ from your own, so they may fork and modify the material liberally. If newcomers seem to be disrupting your development it may be appropriate to suggest they forkProductive_Forking_and_Tailoring_is_Encouraged to a different Wikiversity location to pursue different objectives or styles of presentation or development.  Alternatively, it is often less vexing to slip away quietly to your own fork, after all, we do not own pages we initiate here.  Anyone is welcome to attempt to improve them.

2. Gather some initial material which can be presented to the student. Currently, at Wikiversity this includes text, pictures, and links which are easy to upload and add to the wiki page presentation database.

 * An excellent general starting point can be either http://wikipedia.org or http://wikibooks.org; both have good information and links to excellent information elsewhere. There is a search utility available at both sites or one can use the layers lists of subject/category links available from the front page.

 * A keyword search at www.google.com or some other search engine can also be very helpful.

3. Write an initial quiz and answer sheet.

4. Add an appropriate link within the existing Wikiversity hierarchy, so participants can find your material when it is of potential interest to them.

5. Add appropriate link infrastructure to place the material properly, if necessary.

6. If the initial materials seem to disappear while you are working try using the search features to find it. Someone may have assisted you by moving the material to an existing page or changing the name. If they have been mistakenly deleted as abandoned cruft, an administrator can usually undelete them for you. Local backups under your own control are always a good investment when working with large data projects. With simple stuff like paragraphs or lesson plans or links it is often easier to just recreate an improved version.

7. Add the page or its discussion page to your watchlist to make it easy to check back occasionally to answer questions or improve the material if that is your wish. This is not required. Eventually the material will be improved, forked, or pruned from the Wikiversity site unless it becomes very polished and merely archived. That is the nature of our current wiki process developed at Wikipedia and the starting point for Wikiversity's evolution.

A Random Walk on the Wild Side
1. Read a random page at Wikipedia w:Special:Random or start at a random book module at Wikibooks b:Special:Random, it will often have a layered set of links to help find a chapter, section, concept, or paragraph of interest.

2. Create a quick, concise, subject quiz using a local text editor. Include the links to the original source material at the top. Include the answers at the bottom or better yet plan to cut and paste answers to the quiz discussion page.

3. Find an appropriate place in Wikiversity learning trails, course lists, portal indexes, etc. to place the initial page link.

4. Create the page.

5. Find a few more places to link into (fan in from) the new quiz. Programmers will recognize that we are fanning out from the entry points along the learning trails and then fanning back into specific material from multiple locations.

6. Feedback loop. If interested, place the new page on your watchlist to see if it attracts interest, modification, and maintenance sufficient to prosper and mature into a brilliant polished often used resource.

Online Quizzes and Review Questions
There is useful example HTML at this Wikipedia article Seven_Bridges_of_Königsberg, and here on Wikiversity at Test and Quiz, demonstrating how to hide the answers to a question until the student decides they are ready for them.

title: Wikiversity:Creating a lesson plan


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1998 in Sudan

The following lists events that happened during 1998 in Sudan.

Incumbents

 * President: Omar al-Bashir
 * Vice President:
 * Ali Osman Taha (First)
 * George Kongor Arop (Second)

September

 * September 18 – The United Nations condemns Libya, Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo for breaches against the UN's air embargo against Libya.

October

 * October 15 – Sudanese refugees flee DRC, bringing themselves to a famine in southern Sudan.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1998 in Sudan


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Peace of Cremona (1441)

The Peace of Cremona was concluded on 20 November 1441 between the Republic of Venice and the Duchy of Milan, ending the long conflict between the two powers over mastery in northern Italy.

Through the mediation of Francesco Sforza, an armistice was concluded on 6 August, and negotiations began in late September at the field of Cavriana near Cremona, chosen as neutral ground. Sforza secured for himself the lordship of Cremona and the hand of Bianca Maria Visconti, the daughter of the Duke of Milan, Filippo Maria Visconti—and thus, since the Duke had no other heir, his own ultimate succession to the ducal throne.

By the terms of the treaty, Venice was able to keep the Adda River as the boundary between its mainland possessions and the Duchy of Milan. Venice also gained Riva di Lago from Milan, as well as Lonato, Valeggio sul Mincio, Asola, and Peschiera del Garda from the Marquis of Mantua, who also handed over the Venetian cities he had captured during the course of the war. Venetian possession of Ravenna was also recognized. Milan also returned Imola and Bologna to the Papal States, and restored independence to the Republic of Genoa.

title: Peace of Cremona (1441)


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Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Bruce.nahin/Archive

Suspected sockpuppets

This editor under Bruce.nahin over a period of 12 years starting in 2008 has repeatedly made multiple contributions to a historical page of a name brand inserting their role in an unverified, unsourced statement, adding an IMBD promotional link, proceeding without discussion, verification or reference to sources and with a clear, undeclared COI and from a SPA. In 2010, the editor used an IP address <IP_ADDRESS> as a consensus (and perhaps a meat puppet because of the geographic distance, but similar in behavior) to make the same style of edits. Then in 2018 the editor switched to a different account name, 5757Wilshire, to continually make unsourced, unverified claims about themselves for promotion or advocacy. '''[The linking term: editor only makes editing entries with the name "Nahin" as the subject matter. These entries link the one editor. Also editor as 5757Wilshire linked himself to the role he was trying to publish as self described "co-founder"(see below jpg)]''' The result has been disruption to the page where the verifiable truth has been buried over 12 years. Suspect the editor is lurking or asleep. The historical page has now been reverted back to before this editor started contributing prior to 2007 by a neutral editor and starting anew. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chippendales&diff=prev&oldid=611595639 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chippendales&diff=prev&oldid=842369421 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chippendales&diff=prev&oldid=195277758 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chippendales&diff=prev&oldid=195285301 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chippendales&diff=prev&oldid=842368911 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chippendales&diff=prev&oldid=355085154 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chippendales&diff=prev&oldid=355084328 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chippendales&diff=prev&oldid=351300652 Ericmalibu 19:16, 15 August 2020 (UTC) Ericmalibu 19:16, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * Everyone here has been inactive for several years. No action is needed even if this turns out to be the same person. Sir Sputnik (talk) 19:34, 15 August 2020 (UTC)


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terra preta

Etymology
. From +.

Noun

 * 1) A very dark, man-made, nutritionally dense soil found in the Amazon basin.

Translations

 * Portuguese: terra preta

title: terra preta


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Roy James Carver

Roy James Carver (December 15, 1909 –June 7, 1981) was an American industrialist and philanthropist. Carver started the Carver Pump Factory with his brother and then later owned Bandag. As a philanthropist, he started the Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust.

Personal life and career
Carver was born on December 15, 1909, to James and Laura Carver in Preemption, Illinois. In 1927, he completed high school in Moline, Illinois. After earning a BS degree in engineering from the University of Illinois in 1934, Carver became state engineer for Illinois.

In 1938, during the Great Depression, Carver and his brother Ralph started the Carver Pump Company in Matherville, Illinois. The company created self-priming pumps, and it soon supplied the United States and Allied Forces navies during World War II. Due to the need for a larger facility, the company was moved to an abandoned sauerkraut factory in Muscatine, Iowa. Carver also lived in Muscatine, and shortly after moving there he married Lucille Young in 1942. The two of them had four children.

During a postwar trip to Germany, Carver bought the North American rights to a manufacturing process for tires created by Bernard Anton Nowak as a part of Bandage, Inc. The process "cures or vulcanizes rubber tires at lower temperatures than other retreading processes". After Nowak died in 1961, Carver bought the worldwide rights to the process and gained full ownership of Bandag. Bandag became one of the top American corporations in the early 1970s. In 1973, the company earned the 909th spot on Fortune top 1,000 companies. During the late 1970s, Carver created more than 850 dealership franchises in more than 50 countries.

Carver bought a villa in Cannes, a 25,000-acre ranch in Central America, two yachts, and multiple airplanes. Carver was interested in different languages and had learned Italian, French, Spanish, and German.

Philanthropy and death
Carver primarily donated money to people in Iowa, and it was noted in the Muscatine Journal that "he took great pleasure in helping others". He also contributed financially to Richard Nixon presidential campaign and to Augustana College. In 1971, Carver donated shares of Bandag stock valued at $3.5 million to the University of Iowa, which was the university's largest donation at the time. He started the Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust, which provided millions of dollars to universities including the University of Iowa, University of Illinois, and St. Ambrose University. He founded the Roy Carver Memorial Pavilion, a treatment center at the University of Iowa Hospitals, Carver Hawkeye Arena, a large biomedical research facility and the Carver Wing of the Museum of Art. Carver provided the funds to the University of Northern Iowa to complete the UNI Dome and built the Roy J. Carver Engineering Building at the University of Illinois. As a result, the University of Iowa renamed the College of Medicine as The Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine. Millions of dollars given by the Carver Trust have funded the Carver Scholarship Program. His widow, Lucille Carver, funded several projects as well.

Carver died of a heart attack on June 7, 1981, at 71 years of age in Marbella, Spain.

title: Roy James Carver


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Judy Warnick

Judith May Warnick (née Knapp, born May 28, 1950) is an American politician who is a member of the Republican Party. She is a member of the Washington State Senate, representing the 13th Legislative District since 2015. She was a member of the Washington House of Representatives, from 2007-2015.

Early life and career
Warnick was raised on a dairy farm near Deer Park. After attending Fort Wright College, she started a business in Moses Lake. She became the first woman to serve as president of the Moses Lake Chamber of Commerce.

Personal life
Warnick's husband is Roy. They have three children. Warnick and her family live in Moses Lake, Washington.

Awards

 * 2020 Guardians of Small Business. Presented by NFIB.

title: Judy Warnick


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Language Science Press

Language Science Press (LSP) is an open access scholarly publishing house specializing in linguistics, formally set up in 2014. Language Science Press publishes books on a central storage and archiving server in combination with print on-demand services. Books are published under the Creative Commons CC-BY license as a standard. As of November 2022, the catalog lists 217 books in English, German, Portuguese, Spanish, or Chinese. A total of 30 books are published every year, including monographs and edited volumes.

History
Language Science Press goes back to the Open Access in Linguistics (OALI) initiative, which was started by Stefan Müller and colleagues at the Free University of Berlin in August 2012. In its preliminary stages, the initiative consisted of finding a supporters’ base within the global linguistics community.

In a second phase, a grant proposal was jointly submitted by Martin Haspelmath and Stefan Müller for the call “Open Access Monographs in the Humanities”. Funding came then from the German Research Foundation for the development of a full-fledged business model and its realization (Language Science Press) starting June 2014.

From 2016 to 2018, Language Science Press was sponsored by Humboldt University in Berlin. Later, Language Science Press was supported by 105 institutions worldwide in a first round from 2018 to 2020. Currently, 115 institutions are listed as sponsors in a second round from 2020 to 2022.

In 2022, a book they published ('A Grammar of Gyeli' by Nadine Grimm) won the prestigious Leonard Bloomfield Book Award, as awarded by the Linguistic Society of America.

Publication process
Every book published via Language Science Press goes through a predefined workflow that relies in part on a community of voluntary proofreaders. There are in total five stages:

 * 1) Submission: A first draft of the manuscript is submitted by the author(s) to the respective series's editor(s).
 * 2) Review: Two reviewers are chosen by the respective series's editor for peer review.
 * 3) Proofreading: Community proofreaders inspect the revised manuscript.
 * 4) Typesetting: A final typographic check is carried out by Language Science Press.
 * 5) Publication: The now complete book is published and made freely available according to the principles of open access.

Open commentaries and reviews and community proofreading are made possible by PaperHive. Since at least September 2020, Language Science Press has also been using docLoop, which allows for the community feedback to be turned into issues on GitHub. All books are subject to the Generic Style Rules for Linguistics.

Setup
Language Science Press is currently organized in 30 series:

 * Advances in Historical Linguistics
 * African Language Grammars and Dictionaries
 * Classics in Linguistics
 * Comprehensive Grammar Library
 * Computational Models of Language Evolution
 * Conceptual Foundations of Language Science
 * Contact and Multilingualism
 * Contemporary African Linguistics
 * Current Issues in Bilingualism
 * Empirically Oriented Theoretical Morphology and Syntax
 * EuroSLA Studies
 * History and Philosophy of the Language Sciences
 * Implemented Grammars
 * Language Variation
 * Languages of the Caucasus
 * Morphological Investigations
 * Niger-Congo Comparative Studies
 * Open Generative Syntax
 * Open Germanic Linguistics
 * Open Romance Linguistics
 * Open Slavic Linguistics
 * Phraseology and Multiword Expressions
 * Research on Comparative Grammar
 * Studies in Caribbean Languages
 * Studies in Diversity Linguistics
 * Studies in Laboratory Phonology
 * Textbooks in Language Sciences
 * Topics at the Grammar-Discourse Interface
 * Topics in Phonological Diversity
 * Translation and Multilingual Natural Language Processing

The publisher's Advisory Board decides upon series proposals. Authors submit their manuscripts to a specific series. The publisher's website states that each manuscript is reviewed by at least two reviewers determined by the series editors.

Partnerships
Language Science Press has a partnership with Knowledge Unlatched, a global library consortium approach to funding open access books.

The publishing house maintains a list of supporters shown online.

Digital typography
Language Science Press uses the $\mathrm{L\!\!^{{}_{\scriptstyle A}} \!\!\!\!\!\;\; T\!_{\displaystyle E} \! X}$ editor Overleaf as a platform. To facilitate the typesetting of manuscripts in linguistics and hence the overall publishing process, Language Science Press has also been developing own packages for $\mathrm{L\!\!^{{}_{\scriptstyle A}} \!\!\!\!\!\;\; T\!_{\displaystyle E} \! X}$. For example,  provides a specialized syntax for typesetting potentially complex attribute-value matrices (AVMs).

The source code of books is available from a GitHub repository.

title: Language Science Press


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MOO Universities

Notes from the Rise and Fall of MOO Universities

These are some notes about the rise and fall of MOO Universities which is a historical capsule of some of the experiences I went through in the early 1990's. Wikiversity is the second time I've been involved in creating an online university, and there are a lot of lessons that I've learned.

If there is someone out there who is skilled at interviewing and wants to create a dissertation out of this, this would be really useful.

Roadrunner 15:34, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Start
The MOO was the key social element. Created by MediaMOO (Amy Bruckman) and LambdaMOO (Pavel Curtis).

Just a note. The idea of having multiple interacting corporations is something that worked well in the "first era of online internet universities." What happened was that you just had too many personality conflicts if you tried to fit everyone under one roof, so it worked much better to have several interacting non-profits (Globewide Network Academy, Diversity University, BioMOO, and Virtual Online University). The interesting thing was that each non-profit was basically organized around a single "queen bee" (me, Jeanne McWhorter, Gustavo Glusman, and William Painter).

Decline
What killed the era of the MOO universities was that we didn't have the funds to match people like Yahoo and MSN who eventually developed chat and discussion facilities which attracted ordinary people and eventually killed the communities.

Lessons

 * You have to develop a sustainable open source technical infrastructure
 * Cooperate with people who are willing to cooperate with you.
 * Mentors are important
 * Shared values are important

title: MOO Universities


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/David Henke

The result was delete. Tone 09:52, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

David Henke

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Appears to fail WP:BASIC. He's a run-of-the-mill business exec at some tech companies. Hits are mostly press releases; there's, but it's a namedrop. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 05:55, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Businesspeople-related deletion discussions. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 05:55, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Technology-related deletion discussions. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 05:55, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Internet-related deletion discussions. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 05:55, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete I couldn't find anything better than nominator. Reference 1 (as of now) in the article doesn't mention him at all, Reference 3 is a 404 error, Reference 5 is an interview, the remainder are passing mentions  JW 1961   Talk  13:42, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete: Barely found anything about him. Search results return only mere mentions of his name. Definitely a WP:ROTM. ASTIG😎  (ICE T • ICE CUBE) 16:00, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete A clearly non-notable businessman.John Pack Lambert (talk) 19:04, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete - he had an important position at LinkedIn, which I could verify, but there's not enough coverage in good sources. Ping me if you find anything else. Bearian (talk) 00:20, 21 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Airsoft equipment

The result was delete. - Mailer Diablo 16:44, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Airsoft equipment
merged into Airsoft, everything here is now redundant (|--  UlT i MuS  ( U • T • C 01:07, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Airsoft. --Wafulz 01:15, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete —  If everything is already merged, there is no reason for a redirect. SynergeticMaggot 01:19, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete No real use for this article if it is merged. --Ageo020 02:02, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete and redirect per nom. --דניאל talk  contribs   Email 03:09, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete until such time as a case can be made for a separate article. Seems to be adequately covered in Airsoft guns already.Michael Dorosh 03:24, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. --Eyrian 04:11, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy redirect. If the text has been merged we can't delete per GFDL. -- Koffieyahoo 05:14, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. --Chris Griswold 06:39, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete per nom, confirm it is merged and no longer useful. --Deon Steyn 07:01, 11 August 2006 (UTC)


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J Awards of 2008

The J Award of 2008 is the fourth annual J Awards, established by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's youth-focused radio station Triple J. The announcement comes at the culmination of Ausmusic Month (November). In 2008, a new award for Australian Music Video of the Year was added to the existing awards; Australian Album of the Year and Unearthed Artist of the Year. Robbie Ruck announced the winners on air on 5 December 2008.

Who's eligible?
Any Australian album released independently or through a record company, or sent to Triple J in consideration for airplay, is eligible for the J Award. The 2008 nominations for Australian Album of the Year and Australian Music Video of the Year were selected from releases received by Triple J between December 2007 and November 2008. For Unearthed Artist of the Year it was open to any artist from the Unearthed (talent contest), who has had a ground breaking and impactful 12 months from November 2007 and October 2008.

title: J Awards of 2008


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Πατάβιον

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Patavium; Padua; Padova, Veneto, Italy

Descendants
The typical modern Greek form is, from Italian.

title: Πατάβιον


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Cell Biology/Introduction/Cell biology's interest

What makes Cell Biology particularly interesting is that there is so much that is not fully understood. A cell is a complex system with thousands of molecular components working together in a coordinated way to produce the phenomenon we call "life". During the 20th century these molecular components were identified (for example, see Human Genome Project), but research continues on the details of cellular processes like the control of cell division and cell differentiation. Disruption of the normal control of cell division can cause abnormal cell behavior such as rapid tumor cell growth.

Cells have complex interactions with the surrounding environment. Whether it is the external world of a single celled organism or the other cells of a multicellular organism, a complex web of interactions is present. Study of the mechanisms by which cells respond appropriately to their environments is a major part of cell biology research and often such studies involve what is called signal transduction. For example, a hormone such as insulin interacting with the surface of a cell can result in the altered behavior of hundreds of molecular components inside the cells. This sort of complex and finely tuned cell response to an external signal is required for normal metabolism and to prevent metabolic disorders like Type II diabetes.

Most of the cells of a multi-cellular organism have the same genetic material in every cell; yet, there may be hundreds of different types of cells that make up the organism's body each with its own distinctive shape, size, and function. In any case, all of these cells were developed from one special cell, a zygote. The study of how the many cell types develop during embryonic development (Developmental Biology) is a branch of Biology that is heavily dependent on the use of microscopy. Much of the control of cell differentiation is at the level of the control of gene transcription, the control of which mRNAs are made. Muscle cells make muscle proteins and nerve cells make brain proteins. Geneticists, molecular biologists and cell biologists are working to discover the details of how cells specialize to accomplish hundreds of functions from muscle contraction to memory storage.

Summary

 * Complexity in:
 * inter-relations between cells
 * signal transduction pathways inside cells
 * control of cell death and cell reproduction
 * control of cell differentiation
 * control of cell metabolism.


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Οἰδίπους

Etymology
lit. 'with a swollen foot', showing the regular change */ro/ → */i/, as if from, whence also 🇨🇬, +. Compare, from the same root.

Proper noun

 * 1) Oedipus

Inflection
In verse, the genitive singular is.

title: Οἰδίπους


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Jonathan Hammond (sport shooter)

Jonathan William James Hammond (born 1 October 1980) is a British sport shooter, who has competed for Scotland at the Commonwealth Games and Great Britain at the Olympics. He is currently the head coach of the rifle team at the West Virginia University.

Early life
Hammond was born on 1 October 1980 in Aberdeen, Scotland. He began shooting at Ardvreck School in Crieff, Perthshire and at the age of 13 he won the Scottish under-18s championships. At the age of 17 he won the World Junior Championship in prone rifle. He has a BA in geography and a master's in sport management.

2008 Olympics
At the 2008 Summer Olympics held in Beijing, China, Hammond competed in three events as the sole representative in rifle for Great Britain. In his first event, the men's 10 metres air rifle, Hammond scored 589 points to finish in 29th place as Abhinav Bindra won to become India's first ever individual Olympic gold medallist. Hammond came 34th in the 50 metre rifle prone again scoring 589 points as gold was won by Artur Ayvazian of Ukraine. In the 50 metres rifle three positions Hammond finished 42nd out of the 49 athletes who started in an event that was won by China's Qiu Jian

2010 Commonwealth Games

At the 2010 Commonwealth Games Hammond won a total of four medals, two gold, a silver and a bronze, making him the most successful Scottish athlete ever at the Games.

Hammond's first medal of the Games came in the pairs three position 50 metres rifle. Hammond and teammate Neil Stirton finished in a tie for second, behind Abhinav Bindra and Gagan Narang of India, having recorded the same score as English pair James Huckle and Kenneth Parr but were awarded the bronze medal on the x count, an additional target within the maximum 10 target. Hammond won his silver medal in the individual 50 metre rifle three positions;Gold was won by Narang and bronze by Huckle. His first gold medal came in the 50 metres rifle prone pairs. Again partnered by Stirton the Scottish duo scored 1181-74x to beat England's Mike Babb and Richard Wilson. Hammond's second gold medal was won in men's 50 metres rifle prone singles, his score of 696.9 points beat Australian silver medallist Warren Potent's score by 1.5 points.

2012 Olympics
Hammond was selected as one of ten shooters to represent Great Britain at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. He competed in the men's 50 metre rifle prone event held at the Royal Artillery Barracks in Woolwich and the 50 metre 3 positions. He finished in 17th in the prone and in 41st in the 3 positions event.

title: Jonathan Hammond (sport shooter)


text:
Talk:Live (Generation X album)

Fair use rationale for Image:Generationx-live-cover.jpg
Image:Generationx-live-cover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 21:51, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Live (Generation X album)


text:
User:Abdallah albeltagy/Books/Human Reproduction

The birth of life

 * Chapter (1) Introduction
 * Eukaryote
 * Sexual reproduction
 * Human embryogenesis
 * Developmental biology
 * Cell cycle
 * Cell division
 * Mitosis
 * Meiosis
 * Gamete
 * Genome
 * Sex organ
 * Sexual differentiation in humans

 * Chapter (2) : Male reproduction system
 * Male
 * Male reproductive system
 * Spermatogenesis
 * Spermatozoon
 * Testicle
 * Semen
 * Sperm
 * Testosterone

 * Chapter (3) : Female reproduction system
 * Female
 * Female reproductive system
 * Vulva
 * Endometrium
 * Vagina
 * Uterus
 * Ovary
 * Ovulation
 * Egg cell
 * Fallopian tube
 * Estrogen

 * Chapter (4) : Sexual mating
 * Sex differences in humans
 * Sexual maturity
 * Fertility
 * Sexual stimulation
 * Sex steroid
 * Sexual intercourse
 * Ejaculation

 * Chapter (4) :Pregnancy and Childbirth
 * Fertilisation
 * Human fertilization
 * Ploidy
 * Zygote
 * Embryo
 * Prenatal development
 * Fetus
 * Pregnancy
 * Menstruation
 * Menstrual cycle
 * Gestational age
 * Luteal phase
 * Progesterone
 * Pre-existence
 * Beginning of human personhood
 * Ensoulment
 * Soul
 * Spirit
 * Childbirth


text:
Nazzar Al-Jamali

Nazzar Al-Jamali (born 1939) is an Iraqi hurdler. He competed in the men's 110 metres hurdles and Men's 400 metres hurdles at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

title: Nazzar Al-Jamali


text:
Cell Biology/Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell Biology | ../Parts of the cell/ | ../Organelles/

Endoplasmic Reticulum | Mitochondria and Chloroplasts >>

The endoplasmic reticulum (endoplasmic="within the cytoplasm", reticulum="little net"; short : ER) is an important organelle in all eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic organisms do not have organelles and thus do not have an ER. It's base structure and composition is similar to the plasma membrane, though it is an extension of the nuclear membrane. The ER is the site of the translation and folding of and transport of proteins that are to become part of the cell membrane (e.g., transmembrane receptors and other integral membrane proteins) as well as proteins that are to be secreted or "exocytosed" from the cell (e.g., digestive enzymes).

The ER consists of an extensive membrane network of tubes and cisternae (sac-like structures). The membrane encloses a space, the cisternal space (or internal lumen) from the cytosol. This space is acting as a gateway. Parts of the ER membrane are continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope, and the cisternal space of the ER is continuous with the space in between the two layers of the nuclear envelope.

Parts of the ER are covered with ribosomes (which assemble amino acids into proteins based on instructions from the nucleus). Their rough appearance under electron microscopy led to their being called rough ER (RER), other parts are free of ribosomes and are called smooth ER (SER). The ribosomes on the surface of the rough ER insert the freshly produced proteins directly into the ER, which processes them and then passes them on to the Golgi apparatus (Fig. 1).

Rough and smooth ER differ not only in appearance, but also in function. While the rough ER manufactures and transports proteins destined for membranes and secretion, the smooth ER has functions in several metabolic processes. It takes part in the synthesis of various lipids (e.g., for building membranes) and steroids (e.g., hormones), and also plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism, detoxification of the cell, and calcium storage.

Proteins that are transported by the ER and from there throughout the cell are marked with an address tag that are called a signal sequence. Günter Blobel was awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of these signal sequences in 1975. The N-terminus (one end) of a polypeptide chain (e.g., a protein) contains a few amino acids that work as an address tag, which are removed when the polypeptide reaches its destination. Proteins that are destined for places outside the ER are packed into transport vesicles and moved along the cytoskeleton towards their destination.

Endoplasmic Reticulum | Mitochondria and Chloroplasts >>

Cell Biology | ../Parts of the cell/ | ../Organelles/

title: Cell Biology/Endoplasmic Reticulum


text:
Sailing (AAA song)

"Sailing" (stylized as "SAILING") is a song by Japanese pop group AAA. It is their 31st single and is included in the group's seventh studio album 777: Triple Seven. The song was written by Mitsuhiro Hidaka and Tetsuya Komuro. The single was released in Japan on February 22, 2012, under Avex Trax in four editions: a CD-only edition, a CD and DVD A edition, a CD and DVD B edition, and a Mu-Mo edition. "Sailing" debuted at number four on the weekly Oricon singles chart. The single charted for six weeks and went on to sell over 45,600 copies in Japan.

Composition
"Sailing" was written by Mitsuhiro Hidaka and Tetsuya Komuro, composed by Komuro, and arranged by ArmySlick. "Wishes" was written and composed by Shinjiroh Inoue, and arranged by Sin.

Release and promotion
"Sailing" was released on February 22, 2012, in four editions: a CD-only edition, which includes "Call (DJ OMKT & MJ Remix)"; a CD and DVD A edition, which includes the music video for the song, the first part of the music video making, and the first part of the AAA 6th Anniversary Tour; a CD and DVD B edition, which includes the second part of the music video making and the second part of the AAA 6th Anniversary Tour; a Mu-Mo edition, which includes the Think About AAA 6th Anniversary clips from seasons 15, 16, and 17 in editions A, B, and C, respectively. The song was used in the "7 Days @ Home" television advertisements for hypermarket Ito-Yokado.

Chart performance
"Sailing" debuted at number four on the weekly Oricon singles charts, selling 42,056 copies in its first week. It went on to chart for six weeks and sold over 45,600 copies in Japan. On the issue dated March 5, 2012, the song debuted at number eight on the Billboard Japan Hot 100. On the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) Digital Track Chart, the song debuted at number 20.

title: Sailing (AAA song)


text:
Luigi Adami

Luigi Adami (12 December 1900 - 4 July 1985) was an Italian sports shooter. He competed in the 50 m rifle event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

title: Luigi Adami


text:
Talk:Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2003

Information Needed
This was a very large outbreak sequence, and any additional information that you would like to add would be appreciated. --Bigphishy56 02:51, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * WOW!!! That looks excellent for a 400-tornado outbreak sequence! CrazyC83 16:49, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

I apologize for the incomplete nature of this article. I will resume work soon. Bigphishy56 19:51, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

Once a section is put in on the Oklahoma City tornado, the 10 costliest US tornadoes should be moved to that section. -Runningonbrains 00:40, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Based upon new info, the infobox no longer includes that tornado, and has been removed. - Running On  Brains  19:08, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

Is there a mistake, in the first paragraph, about the Super Outbreak occurring on April 3-4 rather than May 3-4? - "The Super Outbreak of April 3 to April 4" -  If it's actually referring to a separate outbreak, it should include the year to avoid confusion, i.e. "The Super Outbreak of April 3 to April 4 of 2003". —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:36, 6 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, the "Super Outbreak" listed refers to 1974, so I added that year in to clarify... but if there's a new usage for "Super Outbreak" to refer to the 2003 outbreak, please somebody feel free to make the corrections. --Umrguy42 (talk) 08:09, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

List of tornadoes to be in separate article
With the number of tornadoes from this outbreak, I think a list should be placed into a separate article or perhaps more then one article so we could add more text info about the outbreak like the Oklahoma City tornadoes in which NWS Norman has quite a bit of info on May 8-9.-- JForget 19:54, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm in the process of building that table in a userpage, and I have only the info for May 9 to 11 left to include (will finish tommorrow). One tornado in Colorado, one in Arizona and one in Washington will not be included-- JForget 03:57, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I've created List of May 2003 Tornado Outbreak Sequence tornadoes where the list of all confirmed tornadoes are. The article is abotu 115 k long due to the number of tornadoes.-- JForget 03:51, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

"Moore Tornado" Name
Why is this tornado under that particular title? I have looked at damage path maps from the National Weather Service, and they indicate that the highest damage in Moore, regardless of what media reports may say, was found in a very small area with estimated F3 damage. (Here's one of the maps) Neighboring Oklahoma City, on the other hand, had a much longer path of F3 damage along its path (compared to the amount of F3 damage found in Moore), as well as a few spots of F4 damage. This title overemphasizes tornado impacts in Moore (similarly to what the media has previously done with a few other tornadoes) when compared to the most other cities. The title should be based upon the facts. Thank you to anyone who responds. Note: If no editors reply to me within a certain period of time, I will make changes; I am not going to wait a month for a reply again this time. Dustin   talk  22:14, 28 March 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 15:35, 28 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:April 1880 tornado outbreak which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 08:03, 23 August 2017 (UTC)

Tornado outbreak damage
I couldn't help but notice that in the main "tornadoes of 2003" article, it saying that damages from this outbreak reaching nearly $1 billion. But you go to this article that goes more in depth about the outbreak, and it says $4.1 million. I'm confused about this considering this is a massive difference and is misleading. Idk many of the facts about this outbreak but I thought I'd bring it up in case someone who knew more would want to correct it. Kade Ydstie45 (talk) 23:32, 22 January 2021 (UTC)
 * , I have corrected this by copying content from User:TropicalAnalystwx13/outbreak to this. All users involved in that draft abandoned it for no reason, thus I had to fix this article per your suggestion by copying that over here.  Mario Jump  83!  03:54, 10 March 2021 (UTC)
 * , Where is the section on the Franklin tornado? That was the most powerful of all 400 tornadoes in that sequence. Zonafan39 (talk) 23:57, 23 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Restored.  Mario Jump  83!  00:29, 24 March 2021 (UTC)

Title change? Damage total itemization?
Because tornado-related damage for this outbreak came to ~$800-900 million (+/-) while the overall damage total (including that which was caused by flooding) is apparently ~ $4.1 billion, should (a) the title of the article be changed to reflect the larger event, or (b) amounts of tornado damage and other damage be listed separately? A couple of different meteorological reports (cited in this article) don’t appear to lump everything together like Wikipedians have been doing, Maybe we should consider changing how these articles are created in the future? (Of note, I deleted the reference to $4.1 billion on the list page since it’s inaccurate with regard to actual tornado damage.) cc: @Elijahandskip Dym75 (talk) 11:14, 16 April 2023 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Molinology

Deletion discussion
This article survived a nominated for deletion, following a rewrite. The discussion can be found here. Flowerparty ■ 07:51, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Molinology


text:
School talk:History

Note: Sections marked by an asterisk (*) are current discussions about policies, guidelines, or goals for the School of History.

Archives

 * Archive 1
 * School talk:History/Archive 2006
 * School talk:History/Archive 2007
 * School talk:History/Archive 2008
 * School talk:History/Archive 2009
 * School talk:History/Archive 2010

Topics and courses
I'd like to remove courses from the Topics or Divisions and Departments, e.g., United States History. What do you think? --Marshallsumter (discuss • contribs) 16:50, 29 September 2016 (UTC)

 * These would include those that are not portals or topics (not red-linked). --Marshallsumter (discuss • contribs) 16:52, 29 September 2016 (UTC)

History course
What subjects does being a Historian need <IP_ADDRESS> (discuss) 17:47, 4 August 2023 (UTC)

title: School talk:History


text:
User:Bcrowell2

I'm the same person as User:Bcrowell. I have intentionally disabled the User:Bcrowell because I feel that WP is headed in the wrong direction; my reasons for doing that are explained more fully on the User:Bcrowell user page. I've created this account because User:Eternal Equinox has been deleting the comments I've made at Featured_article_candidates/We_Belong_Together as an anon.--Bcrowell2 02:18, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Since Eternal Equinox has been trying to pretend that there's some uncertainty about whether I'm really me, I'm going to post the last three characters of my old password on the Bcrowell account: a27. (This was the last password I used before I intentionally changed it to a random string.) Anyone sufficiently motivated, who had access to the old backups of the WP database, could verify that this is correct. Another, perhaps more practical, method of verifying my identity is the following chain: Russell Crowell was my grandfather (a well known US labor leader), and the edit history of the article about him shows that I wrote it, using the Bcrowell account, soon after his death. I helped put together a family memorial web page for him at http://www.lightandmatter.com/memorial/, of which the WP article is basically a shortened and (hopefully) NPOV-ified version. The lightandmatter.com site gives my contact info: http://www.lightandmatter.com/area4author.html, and I can respond to e-mail sent to the address given there. Of course, Eternal Equinox's pretense of being unsure of my identity is transparently dishonest, since, e.g., if he really thought someone was impersonating me, the reasonable thing to do would have been to post on my user page.--Bcrowell2 03:12, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Bcrowell2


text:
Talk:David Kerr (Northern Irish politician)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 05:56, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070927011520/http://www.sluggerotoole.com/archives/2005/05/dream_ticket_ca.php to http://www.sluggerotoole.com/archives/2005/05/dream_ticket_ca.php

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:18, 30 November 2017 (UTC)


text:
Mr. Driller G

Mr. Driller G (ミスタードリラーグレート) is a 2001 puzzle arcade game developed and released in Japan by Namco for its System 10 hardware. It is the third installment in its Mr. Driller series, and the last released for arcades. Controlling one of seven characters, players must make it to the bottom of the level by destroying colorful formations of blocks. G introduces several new ideas to the series, such as power-ups, a story campaign, and online multiplayer.

The game was developed by Project Driller, the nickname given to Namco's Creative Department #2. Production was headed by series producer Hideo Yoshizawa and Yasuhito Nagaoka. G was intended as the last game in the series, leading to the addition of a larger cast of characters and proper introduction to the in-game world. It was also designed to bridge connections with Dig Dug, an older Namco arcade game that served as inspiration for Mr. Driller. The soundtrack was composed by Go Shiina, featuring a distinct mix of acid house and jazzy J-Pop compositions.

Mr. Driller G performed well in arcades, leading to a home release on the PlayStation the same year. The game was well-received both at release and retrospectively, and is cited as one of the best games in the series. Reviewers praised its visual presentation, amount of content, soundtrack, and additions to the gameplay of its predecessors. In 2013, it was digitally re-released in Japan for the PlayStation Network.

Gameplay
Mr. Driller G is a puzzle game similar to Puyo Puyo (1990) and the classic arcade game Dig Dug (1982). The story revolves around Susumu Hori, the titular Mr. Driller, and his friends trying to stop the villainous Dr. Manhole and his Ankoku Drillers from destroying the world with giant drills. G has a greater emphasis on story compared to its predecessors, with anime-style intermissions preceding levels. Players choose from one of seven characters to play as: Susumu Hori, the protagonist; Ataru Hori, Susumi's self-contained older brother; Taizo Hori, the protagonist of Dig Dug; Puchi, Susumu's dog; Anna Hottenmeyer, a rival driller from Germany; and Holinger-Z, a drilling robot.

In each level, players must make it to the bottom of a well by destroying, or "drilling", colorful formations of blocks. Destroying blocks results in those above it falling and connecting with similarly colored ones; should four or more matching blocks connect, they will be destroyed, which is useful for creating chain reactions. Blocks will also fall if there is nothing underneath to support them, which can crush players that are underneath them. Players will need to manage their constantly-depleting oxygen, which acts as both a health bar and a timer. Oxygen is replenished by collecting blue air capsules, while oxygen is lost by destroying brown X-marked blocks. If a player is next to a block with an open space above it, they can "jump" to that block. There are also power-up items scattered around levels, such as those that provide a protective shield or refill the player's oxygen to 100%.

The PlayStation version of Mr. Driller G features multiple additions to the game. The main focus is Scenario Driller, an adventure-based story mode where players control each character through a series of levels as they ultimately team up to stop Dr. Manhole. Dristone Mode takes a different approach from the core gameplay, instead playing more like an action role-playing game. Players lose one percent of oxygen by destroying a block, instead of losing it gradually. Destroying certain blocks reveals gems known as Dristones, which are stored in the player's inventory. Depending on their color, Dristones can have a wide array of effects, such as destroying all blocks of a same color on the screen or warping the player back to a previous section. In the multiplayer mode, two players could compete against each other online by connecting to Namco-operated network services through a computer or mobile phone.

Development and release
Mr. Driller G was designed by Project Driller, the nickname given to Namco's Creative Department #2. Production was led by series producer Hideo Yoshizawa and R4: Ridge Racer Type 4 director Yasuhito Nagaoka. Yoshizawa intended G to be the final entry in the series; as such, it was designed to expand on the Mr. Driller universe with an extensive cast of characters and to bridge the connection between Mr. Driller and its predecessor series Dig Dug. The soundtrack was composed by Go Shiina, who is known for his work on franchises such as Tales and God Eater. Where as the first two Mr. Driller games' music were known for its acid house inspiration, the one in G adds new types of music such as jazzy J-Pop. Minoru Sashida, the head graphic designer for Ace Combat 3: Electrosphere, was responsible for the game's bright, visually-distinctive menu interface and graphics. The designs for the new characters were provided by Kaori Shinozaki, as she had done for the first Mr. Driller.

Namco demonstrated Mr. Driller G at the 2001 Amusement Operators Union (AOU) tradeshow in February, presented alongside the lightgun shooter Vampire Night. According to Edge magazine, it attracted considerable attention from attendees. The game was released in Japan in March, running on the company's PlayStation-based System 10 arcade system board. A home release for the PlayStation was released in Japan on November 22, which added new modes and gameplay features. Computer and Video Games reported that Namco was looking to find a publisher for the game in Europe, but G ultimately remained Japan-exclusive. Mr. Driller G was digitally re-released for the PlayStation Network in Japan under the Game Archives series on June 26, 2013.

Reception
According to Game Machine, a Japanese arcade trade publication, Mr. Driller G performed well in arcades; its April 15, 2001 issue reported that it was the second best-selling arcade game in Japan, behind Capcom's Street Fighter Zero 3 Upper. The PlayStation version sold 10,938 copies during its first week on the market, and was awarded the Silver Hall of Fame award by Famitsu.

Both at release and retrospectively, Mr. Driller G was well received. Greg, a writer for the French magazine Joypad, believed it was the best Mr. Driller game up to that point. Critics were pleased with the game's amount of content and additions to the gameplay of the series. Masumi Kawamoto of Game Watch called it "the culmination of the series", recommending it to those who haven't played the original or Mr. Driller 2 yet. Medium's Kat Koller agreed, applauding its wide array of playmodes and inventive gameplay mechanics. In a preview, Computer & Video Games writer Paul praised the addition of multiplayer and power-ups, features that were previously absent from its predecessors.

The gameplay and visuals also received praise. Retronauts co-founder Jeremy Parish outright stated G is "essentially the pinnacle of the Mr. Driller arcade experience", and worth importing from the Japanese PlayStation Network. Kawamoto shared his admiration of the game's sound effects and music, in addition to the extensive cast of characters. Koller applauded the presentation for its slick aesthetic and its characters for being visually-distinctive from one another. He concluded that the game builds on what worked in the previous two games, and that successfully establishes the basis for later games.

title: Mr. Driller G


text:
Day A Special

The Day A Special, named Errant, was designed in the U.S. by Charles Healey Day, as a safe, easy to fly tourer, for two sitting side-by-side. In 1931 the designer and his wife flew Errant on a seven month world tour.

Design and development
The 'A Special' was designed to meet the needs and abilities of a competent, non-professional pilot wanting a safe and forgiving two seat tourer, rather than a multi-role aircraft capable of aerobatics. As part of the early design process Day had studied the flight characteristics that underlay many light plane accidents in order to minimize them.

The result was an equal span biplane with generous wing area and large (54 in) stagger. The stagger allowed the side-by-side seats to be ahead of the lower wing leading edge, giving good fields of view both downwards and in steeply banked turns. Both upper and lower wings were set with 3° of dihedral and were rectangular in plan out to rounded tips. They were braced together with a forward-leaning N-strut on each side and the upper wing centre section was held over the fuselage by pairs of outward-leaning, parallel cabane struts. Flight tests showed its ailerons, inset and mounted only on the lower wing, retained control in the stall.

Its fuselage was flat-sided apart from rounded decking. A nose-mounted Martin 333 inverted, air-cooled inline engine producing 120 hp was gravity fed from a 24 USgal tank under the front cowling. It had an open, side-by-side cockpit, well-instrumented with controls on the left and a 5 cuft baggage compartment behind it. The biplane had a large, 11 ft span tailplane, adjustable for trim from the cockpit and carrying large elevators mounted well above the thrust line on top of a trapezoidal fin and out of the downwash of the lower wing, thus avoiding tail stalls. It had a large balanced rudder. Tests showed that compass headings could be maintained under blind flying conditions without use of the rudder; Day's accident analysis showed that rudder misuse was a frequent cause of accidents initiated in these conditions.

Landing safety was maximized by fixed landing gear with an 8 ft track. Its wheels, well ahead of the centre of gravity were on landing legs with long travel shock absorbers from the upper fuselage longerons. They had low pressure tyres and brakes. The gear was a split axle type with the inner ends of the axles on a transverse V-strut from the lower longerons. This V-strut and the two drag struts from the outer axle ends were mounted on the central fuselage underside.

The world tour

Charles Day's original suggestion was that he and his wife Gladys should use it for a tour around the United States but she preferred to see more and a world tour was planned instead. There were a few modifications to the biplane: a 24 USgal reserve fuel tank was installed under the luggage space behind the seats, the oil tank increased in capacity and a second baggage space provided behind the engine firewall.

The aircraft was shipped to Heston Aerodrome near London in the summer of 1931. The couple packed some spares, fitted a new compass and set off through Central Europe, the Balkans, Asia Minor and East Asia to Shanghai. After shipping the biplane to San Francisco they flew home to New York. The trip took seven months, visited 74 cities and 20 countries; the overall flown distance was about 16000 mi.

title: Day A Special


text:
Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair

Bicycles throughout the world are made with standardized, interchangeable parts. Unlike many modern products, the technology used in bicycles is simple enough to allow many riders to repair their own vehicles with a minimum of effort.

For any cyclist, bicycle maintenance is a particularly useful skillset to acquire. Every skill learned in this area—no matter how simple or complex—can aid in keeping your bike in good working order, save you money, and make the difference between pushing your bike home or riding it.

Contents

 * Appendix
 * Chains
 * Setting chain length
 * Chain sizes
 * Chain cleaning and lubrication
 * Checking a chain for wear
 * Removing a bicycle chain
 * Mending a broken chain
 * Installing a new chain
 * Chain rings
 * Bottom brackets
 * Bottom bracket overhaul
 * Brakes
 * Adjusting Rim Brakes
 * Coaster brakes
 * Cables and Housings
 * Cleaning parts
 * Cranks
 * Derailleurs
 * Front-derailleur adjustment
 * Rear-derailleur adjustment
 * Frames
 * Freewheels & cassettes
 * Gear-changing Dimensions: Tables with gear shifting data.
 * Glossary
 * Handlebars & stems
 * Headsets
 * Headset overhaul
 * Hubs
 * Cleaning and repacking a hub
 * Maintenance schedules
 * Pedals
 * Removing pedals
 * Saddles & seatposts
 * Shifters
 * Rapidfire shifter lubrication – (i.e. Shimano A20)
 * SRAM Gripshift 3.0 'comp' Cable Replacement
 * Suspension
 * Front suspension lubrication
 * Tools & supplies
 * Wheels & Tires
 * Fixing a flat (AKA a puncture)
 * Inflating Tires
 * Truing a wheel (adjusting rims so that they don't appear to wobble as the wheels spin)
 * Fitting and Repair for Tubeless Ready Tyre on to Tubeless Ready Rim

Manual de la bicicleta Mécanique vélo Riparazione della bicicletta Polkupyörän huolto ja korjaus

title: Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair


text:
Brodipet

Brodipet is a neighborhood in Guntur of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the residential areas of the city.

title: Brodipet


text:
Venus and Cupid (Titian)

Venus and Cupid is a 1510–1515 oil on canvas painting by Titian, now in the Wallace Collection in London. It is dated by the model for Venus, who also appeared in other 1510s works by the artist such as his Salome (Galleria Doria-Pamphilj).

Provenance
It was first recorded in the 18th century in the inventories of the Orleans Collection, where it was misattributed to Giorgione. It passed through the hands of several British collectors such as John Howard, 15th Earl of Suffolk from 1802 to 1810 and John Rushout, 2nd Baron Northwick from 1834 to 1838 before being bought by Richard Seymour-Conway, 4th Marquess of Hertford in 1859, bringing it to its present home. It has been attributed to Titian or perhaps Palma Vecchio or Francesco Vecellio since the 19th century.

title: Venus and Cupid (Titian)


text:
kalut

Verb

 * 1) To dig for something; to find by digging.

Adjective

 * 1) confused

Adjective

 * 1) Unsettled, restless, too quickly of an action, cannot wait for something to happen (sometimes because too excited), too nervous.
 * 2) Nosy, like to pry into other people's affairs/business
 * 1) Nosy, like to pry into other people's affairs/business
 * 1) Nosy, like to pry into other people's affairs/business
 * 1) Nosy, like to pry into other people's affairs/business

title: kalut


text:
reserpine

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A compound of the alkaloid class obtained from   and other plants and used in the treatment of hypertension.

Translations

 * French:

title: reserpine


text:
Federal Correctional Institution, Elkton

The Federal Correctional Institution, Elkton (FCI Elkton) is a low-security United States federal prison for male inmates near Elkton, Ohio. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice. It also has an adjacent satellite prison camp that houses low and minimum-security male inmates.

It is located in Elkrun Township, Columbiana County.

FCI Elkton is located in central Columbiana County, Ohio and is 45 miles northwest of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Notable incidents
In 2010, a federal grand jury in Cleveland, Ohio, charged FCI Elkton inmate William J. Platz, age 61, with drawing and distributing visual depictions of minors engaged in sexually explicit conduct to another inmate between August 2007 and April 2008. Platz was already serving an 11-year sentence for a child pornography conviction in 2000 and was a co-conspirator with Eric Rosser. Rosser was an FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitive until his capture in 2001. Platz subsequently pleaded guilty and was sentenced to additional prison time, which he served at the Federal Correctional Institution, Seagoville, a low-security facility in Texas. He was released in 2016.


text:
Talk:1999 Salt Lake City tornado

Article assessment

 * Citations for damage estimates, fatalities, injuries, etc. are needed. I tried to find some, but it seems there are conflicting sources, or at least some sources are using older information than others.

 * We need to think of names for sections in this article, so the table of contents won't appear at the very bottom, and so we can have an appropriate lead section. Any ideas on how to split this up? --Lethargy 20:48, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

 * We may want to create a Tornadoes in Utah or Tornadoes in Salt Lake City, Utah article to merge this into. I figure we encounter few enough of them that we should combine them all in one article, and work to get that article featured. --Lethargy 20:55, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

 * As a follow-up, I noticed that the Deseret News produced a book about this tornado which would be extremely useful as a reference. It is Salt Lake City's Tornado of '99 ISBN 0-913062-08-1 which can be bought here: http://deseretnews.com/tornado/ or checked out from the Salt Lake County Library System here (search for "Salt Lake City's" without the quotes in "Title starts with:") --Lethargy 21:01, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I think I could dig up some sources for the tornado. However, i can't add any information off the top of my head. I'll also analyze the article and what needs adding and how I could split it up. The table of contents also bugs the hell out of me near the bottom there. I think a Tornadoes in Utah article would be a great idea, but I would not want to merge this article into that. This deserves a seperate article. By the way, here's a great source that lists all of the tornadoes ever recorded in Utah, including an in-depth report on this tornado. EDIT: There's also far too many pictures in this article, and even with the bar at the bottom it's far too cluttered. Two pictures of the damage is enough of an article this size. bob rulz 22:17, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I added sections and moved the gallery to the bottom of the page, just above the external links. Do you know where we can dig up sources for the "Before the storm" section (which might need renaming)? It states specific times and mentions hail in Herriman and tracks the storms movement, but where did the info come from? Also, the infobox states there were $170 million USD in damages, but what is the source? --Lethargy 18:31, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Tornado coverage
As a follow up to requesting sources above, I'd like to collect as many pages covering the tornado as possible, so we can cite a variety of sources and find the most accurate information.

Here is what I have collected so far:

 * CNN - Shaken Salt Lake City 'open for business' after tornado - August 12, 1999
 * Tornadoes in the Past
 * Helping Salt Lake City 'see' the weather
 * Utah Tornadoes

These are from the External links section:

 * NWS analysis of tornado (and other tornadoes in the state)
 * Satellite imagery (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
 * Tornado Hits Salt Lake City (University of Nebraska at Lincoln)

Supposedly the Salt Lake Tribune did a series on the tornado (linked to from the second link above), but the link no longer works and I can't find it in their archives because it tells me JavaScript is not enabled (it is) and that I need to log in to browse the archives.

There should be several in the Deseret News, if anyone has a link on hand or wants to dig a few articles up. --Lethargy 19:01, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Name
I moved "Salt Lake City Tornado" to "Salt Lake City tornado" to comply with Naming conventions (events). --Rosiestep (talk) 23:31, 11 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I added the year to the title per WikiProject Severe weather/Tornado's naming convention. --Rosiestep (talk) 22:47, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

Dead link

 * http://site.utah.gov/dps/homelandsecurity/MitigationPla_MMtmp24d95a3b/disasterhistory.pdf
 * In 1999 Salt Lake City tornado on 2011-05-25 06:42:50, 404 Not Found
 * In 1999 Salt Lake City tornado on 2011-06-25 12:25:23, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 12:25, 25 June 2011 (UTC)

Sixth strong tornado in Utah since 1950
The 1999 Salt Lake City tornado was the sixth strong tornado to hit Utah since official tornado records began in 1950 and was one of seven. The first strong tornado in Utah occurred on June 3, 1963 in Bountiful and the most recent was in Manti on September 8, 2002. The strongest tornado to hit Utah was an F3 on August 11, 1993 in the Uinta Mountains.--Kevjgav (talk) 01:12, 30 September 2014 (UTC)

according http://www.tornadohistoryproject.com/tornado/Utah/F2/map there was an F2 on June 16, 1955 in Fayette, another F2 in Magna on February 9, 1965 and an F2 in Moab on June 10, 1970.--Kevjgav (talk) 04:30, 17 July 2015 (UTC)

Redundancy
Under "Damage," there is a phrase which reads, in part, "...over 120 homes were severely damaged...and 34 homes were severely damaged." I'm not familiar with this topic, so I left this redundancy alone, but better information is needed here.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:54, 16 April 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:1999 Salt Lake City tornado


text:
Talk:Kurier system

Coding of dots and dashes
I don't know at all how it was coded but I think there's a mistake in the article.

It says "the message was sent, dots as a single 1 ms signal followed by a 3 ms pause, and dashes as a 1 ms signal, a 3 ms pause, another 1 ms signal, and then a 3 ms pause."

It's either wrong or missing something. Otherwise, how could you differentiate between a dash and two consecutive dots?

FC (talk) 07:38, 11 June 2021 (UTC)

I found this: http://www.ticomarchive.com/iv-case-studies/kurier

It seems that there was a pause of 4 ms between each dot/dash symbol. I will try to edit the article (first time I do that).

FC (talk) 07:48, 11 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kurier system


text:
Queenstown railway station, Tasmania

Queenstown in Western Tasmania has had two railway stations. The original was built for the railway built for the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company, and lasted until the closing of the railway line in 1962. The newer station was built for the re-built railway, the West Coast Wilderness Railway.

First station (1890s-1962)
The older station was across from the western end of Orr Street, Queenstown and the Empire Hotel, without an extensive covering roof. It was covered in the 1920s.

The station was a regular point of ceremony for visiting and departing dignitaries, specially during the era when road access was not possible.

2000s station (2000 +)
The 2000s station is located slightly south from the original and is south from the Driffield Street and Orr Streets intersection. It has specifically an all-weather roof and large structure building around the station.

Station sequence

 * Queenstown railway station
 * Lynchford
 * Rinadeena
 * Dubbil Barril
 * Teepookana
 * Regatta Point

title: Queenstown railway station, Tasmania


text:
User:Lyinoats

This page is dedicated to the user Lyinoats. A long time wikipedia user, Lyinoats only recently decided to create a wikipedia account in the hopes of finally becoming a contributor to the website in some fashion.

title: User:Lyinoats


text:
Talk:David Hidalgo

Pronunciation
Does he usually pronounce his first name the English way or the Spanish way? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:29, 6 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Hidalgo


text:
Talk:Modern Physics

I agree that this is a stunning piece of work! However, having found his email (raymond@kestrel.nmt.edu), I am loath to contact him personally. Perhaps we could construct a letter of appreciation and an invitation over here from all of us. Forgive me if I take the liberty of starting the ball rolling - I think it should include:
 * thanks for his work
 * request that we continue to publish it (just for politness sake, I know it's GNU FDL)
 * an invitation to visit Wikibooks, Wikipedia, Wikiversity etc. --Mark Lewis 23:55, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

This is great! Let's make sure we give this guy proper credit per the GNU FDL and also make him aware of what we are doing. Maveric149

Hey Mav, there are more things like this one here with the GNU FDL license and everything .. I started one up for Cell Bio but there are many more to harvest. Karl Wick

I've done an initial conversion of this page:

Beats
Suppose two sound waves of different frequency impinge on your ear at the same time. The displacement perceived by your ear is the superposition of these two waves, with time dependence $$ A(t) = \sin ( \omega_1 t) + \sin ( \omega_2 t) = 2 \sin ( \omega_0 t) \cos ( \Delta \omega t), $$ (2.19)

where we now have $$\omega_0 = ( \omega_1 + \omega_2 )/2$$ and $$\Delta \omega = ( \omega_2 - \omega_1 )/2$$. What you actually hear is a tone with angular frequency $$\omega_0$$ which fades in and out with period $$T_{beat} = \pi / \Delta \omega = 2 \pi / ( \omega_2 - \omega_1 ) = 1 / ( f_2 - f_1 ). $$ (2.20)

The beat frequency is simply $$ f_{beat} = 1/T_{beat} = f_2 - f_1. $$ (2.21)

Note how beats are the time analog of wave packets -- the mathematics are the same except that frequency replaces wavenumber and time replaces space.

Is this generally acceptable? -- Jimregan 18:41 17 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Why don't you add other sections of your textbook here? I'm more interested in editing the more "fun" section than elementary wave theory/geometric optics.

 * Why don't you help out and add some other sections yourself. dave 22:50, 11 Sep 2003 (UTC)

Do you realize the presence of a partially ported textbook which no one seems to bother to completely transfer is actually hampering the creation of a textbook? If you'd never thought of porting over a textbook, by now, I'm pretty sure we'd have more material!

 * Why don't you help out and add some other sections yourself. dave 22:50, 11 Sep 2003 (UTC)

Two questions:

 * 1) If we make changes to this textbook and the original author makes changes, there is no easy way to "merge" them like in CVS for example.  How complete is his work?  If it is 99% complete physics textbook then that's fine.  I guess we could also entice him to work on this "fork" of his textbook once we port it over.

 * We could try, but anyway I don't think it matters if they diverge.Theresa knott

 * 1) Should all the graphics be changed to have a white background?  The grey looks horrid.  dave 22:59, 11 Sep 2003 (UTC)
 * I agree, or why not make it transparent, that way if we ever change the colour of the page w wonlt have go and change all the graphics. Theresa knott

- About TeX/HTML:

Over at www.wikipedia.org, on a few articles I've helped out with, I've been pushing for italic HTML in the text regions, and TeX for indented formulas, so like the following:

So, a great physicist proved that a = b + c except when e < d. Here is the proof of that:

 * $$a < b,$$

so,

 * $$e + d + c + a > b$$

Sorry I was stumped for a good example. Anyways, TeX in the text looks really bad, unless the PNG is made smaller by a future version of wikipedia. dave 23:22, 11 Sep 2003 (UTC)

Great book ! I'll give a hand to porting it here. BTW, has anyone reached the author ? R 19:07, 13 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Aim of text
Popped on over here from Wikipedia and couldn't help but check out the books in my field. My question though is what type of course this is supposed to be a text for.

 * None, specifically. Textbooks don't have to be tied to courses. This text is based on http://kestrel.nmt.edu/~raymond/classes/ph13xbook/index.html. It should give an introduction to the basic principles and methods of physics, with emphasis on the underlying unity. Carandol

It seems like way too much material for one semester, but each chapter is too little material, too.

 * That depends quite a bit on the university, and the country - one of the reasons why this text is not being tailored for a specific course. Carandol

Specifically, I'm looking at the Quantum Mechanics. It looks like it's going to be on a level of what is usually (at the schools I've been at) called Quantum Physics, which is a second year undergraduate course. But if it solves the Hydrogen atom (there's a Hydrogen Atom section at least),

 * The source text doesn't give a full solution. It uses the uncertainty principle to estimate the ground state. Carandol

then it looks like it's trying to be a text for a junior/senior-level Quantum Mechanics course, in which case it needs many more sections on Dirac notation, spin, angular momentum, the harmonic oscillator, path integrals, and maybe time-independent perturbation theory.

 * I'd put all that into a separate undergraduate comprehensive QM book, which should also include time-dependant perturbations, scattering and quantum thermodynamics, everything short of postgrad. Carandol 05:43, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC)

The latter is the stuff I think is interesting and would be into working on. So yeah, what is this textbook trying to be? -Laura Scudder

I got the same feeling as Laura above. If all the topics mentioned on Modern Physics covered with any reasonable depth, it should actually cover the full 4 year of physics major education (taking UC Berkeley as example, Intro (mere skimming surface, except for mechanics and E&M) to each of those topics would cover the first 3 semesters (7A - C), Quantum mechanics would cover 137A and B, E&M would cover 110A and B, Mechanics would cover 105. Nuclear physics and relativity (special and general) would cover a year (or two courses) of electives. The only thing it's missing is statistical mechanics and a lab course! I think Modern Physics needs to be clear (on the front page somewhere) regarding its aims, esp. whether it actually intends to cover all mentioned topics in depth (essentially forming what is comparable to Landau's course on theoretical physics), or whether it intends to simply give the student a quick taste of each without going into details.

I'm making this request because people seem to be suggesting often that other advanced textbooks be merged into this project, and if this project doesn't intend to cover all these topics in depth (and essentially forming a *complete* physics education for physics majors) ... well, it should be clearly out in the open. novakyu (talk) 11:57, 24 December 2007 (UTC)

Thanks to Flonejek
Flonejek, you are doing a great service in working on this book. It may not be overtly glamorous work at the onset but the result will be very helpful to many people. Thank you. --Karl Wick

Cool, thanks --flonejek 07:49, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)

--- The various contents pages have some of the subsections in a different order to the source book.

If we're keeping this as a single coherent course (even if possibly in multiple volumes) many of them will need returning to the original order, to preserve logical dependance.

If we're going to convert the source book into a set of stand-alone books, most of the chapters will need considerably more expansion and some reordering.

I'll do it the first way, unless anyone objects. Carandol ---

I'm Back :)
Had some tough times at school, but now i'm back, and hope to be making at least one edit/addition a week --flonejek 04:38, 24 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Be nice to have people editing this book. You may notice I've made some changes to some of the chapters, and added some extra material, both to reflect the previous changes in chapter order from the base text and to enhance the presentation of pysics as a subject with a underlying unity, not just a random collection of formulas.

 * This does mean that half the chapter you just uploaded has already been incorporated into other chapters, and the the rest will need some revision, with 'Event horizons' being folded into it, that being rather a short chapter to stand alone and material that will work best closer to its diagram. :)

 * Since we're both working on this book, perhaps it'll be best if we both keep an eye on what the other is doing, to make sure the book retains its unity. Carandol 06:17, 24 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Ok, I agree with that, especially the re-orientation away from a formula based text, I had a bit of a struggle understanding most of them myself. For now I'm going to read over whats been written already, and then I'll start adding/editing stuff again, mostly on weekends. I like the changes you made as well, though I might redraw a few of those diagrams in inkscape, at the moment they look a bit straggly. --flonejek 00:11, 26 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Hey, I'd be quite keen to help out on some physics books here. I started by deriving the time-independent Shrôdinger equation and correcting a couple of mistakes in the Operators page. Is that cool or am I being a bit too formula-y? Spitvalve 22:27, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Another source
Another source available is http://www.physicsforfree.com, which has three "copyright free" textbooks. --Laura Scudder | Talk 02:27, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Navigation Template
I'm going to be doing alot of work and contributing to the electromagnetics section of this book, and I've created a handy template that (i think) we should employ throughout this book: ModernPhysicsNav. This template creates a backlink to the main page if no arguments are provided, and it will provide a link to a section page if an argument is provided. More information about this template, and the way to use it can be found On the template page itself, HERE. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 14:11, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

 * It would take the same amount of time to rename a page to create automatic backlinks as it would using this template, so I personally don't see it as being needed. What I find to be a lot more useful are links to the next chapter of a book, rather than back to the contents page. See Chess/Navigation for an example. The format would be  on the bottom of each page. --hagindaz 07:00, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I see it's already been added. Nevermind then! No need to redo everything. :) --hagindaz 07:05, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I was a little hasty, perhaps. I got very frustrated very quickly by the lack of page navigation in this book. If you go to The Waves Chapter, you can see that people have already provided individual navigation templates for pages in an individual section. I propose that we extend that idea to cover each individual section in this book. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 13:36, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

 * As per your suggestion, Hagindaz, I'll edit the navigation template to optionally take 2 more parameters: A link to the previous page, and a link to the next page. In this way, we can add this kind of navigation on a per-page basis, if we want to, or let other navigation templates do the job, such as on the Waves section. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 14:23, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I am in favour of each section of this book being written as a book in its own right. Published modern physics textbooks are usually 2 or more volumes with at least 1000 pages. Perhaps the template could be used in each subsidiary book ie: Quantum physics : Heisenberg uncertainty principle. rather than Modern physics: Quantum Physics: Heisenberg etc. Each template would have a link to the Modern Physics introductory page. RobinH 14:42, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

Stub Template
I created a specific template for use in marking stubs for this book: ModernPhysicsStub. This template automatically puts all stub pages of this book into /Stubs, which is a sub-category of :. We can use this template and these categories to quickly find all stub pages in this book that require attention. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 17:42, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Combined, here is a list of available templates and category designations that are specifically designed for use with this book:

 * Template:ModernPhysicsTOC
 * Template:ModernPhysicsNav
 * Template:ModernPhysicsStub
 * :
 * /Stubs

 * All of these tools are explained on their respective module and talk pages. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 19:04, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

Contributors
These people were listed as "Contributors" on the front page, but none of them have been active on wikibooks for at least 1 year (and in some cases much more). I have removed the names from the front page, therefore, and put them here. I don't think that we need to list contributors (especially not on the front page), but we could create a separate page for it (or a separate section on this talk page) if we really wanted to --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 19:24, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Carandol Has done the majority of the usability formatting, current main contributor
 * Flonejek Improved navigation and copied over a few chapters
 * I'm still in highschool, and as such this wikibook is a bit of a struggle for me to keep working on, mainly because its too complex for me and I'm too lazy to currently try and comprehend the next few chapters that need work... --flonejek 06:20, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Frontier Has written chapters for a number of sections
 * Hfs ???

completion of printable book
This Wikibook is marked as "complete" but it appears to really just be a collection of several smaller books, several of which are not complete. I would suggest downgrading the Modern Physics Wikibook to "books nearing completion" until all of the chapters have been written. I have gone through the tables of contents and collected the completed pages at " ," but there are so many missing sections and inconsistencies between sections that I would describe the book to be barely printable as a single complete work. Nicole Sharp (discuss • contribs) 00:53, 31 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Modern Physics


text:
Facundo Ynsfrán

Dr. Facundo Ynsfrán Caballero (27 November 1860 – 9 January 1902) was Vice President of Paraguay from 1894 to 1898. He had previously served in Congress and founded Paraguay's School of Medicine. He was killed during an anti-Aceval tumult in Parliament on 9 January 1902.

title: Facundo Ynsfrán


text:
Harry Nick

Harry Nick (15 August 1932 – 7 December 2014) was an East German Marxist economist.

He was a 57-year-old professor and department head at the Central Committee Academy for Social Sciences ("Akademie für Gesellschaftswissenschaften beim ZK der SED") in Berlin when street protesters broke through the Berlin Wall in November 1989, after which many of his contemporaries rapidly disappeared into obscurity. Harry Nick emerged as a robust exponent of "economic literacy". He had always been prepared to argue his case, even when his evaluations were out of harmony with some party dogma of the moment: he spent the final decades of his life as a controversialist and media pundit, happy to explain what went wrong with the "socialist experiment" that was East Germany, but trenchant in his advocacy of core economic principals such as the central importance of shared "public" ownership of the means of production.

Provenance and early years
Harry Nick was born in Borowo, a short distance outside Łódź. The region had reverted to Polish control after 1918 but remained multi-ethnic throughout the 1930s. Nevertheless, even as a small child Harry Nick was, during 1939, intensely aware of the seemingly sudden erupting tensions between ethnic German speakers and ethnic Polish speakers. Harry Nick was from the ethnic German community, and would never forget the time when two friends from the Polish side of the growing ethnic divide told him, "You are a Schwob.  Also, our parents have forbidden us from playing with you." His father was a forestry worker. In January/February 1945 the family were driven west by the ethnic cleansing of the time, settling in Sylda, a village in the rural Mansfelder mountain region south of Magdeburg. Nick completed his schooling in 1951 at the senior school (Oberschule) in nearby Hettstedt. During this time he was also a member of the local leadership team of the party-backed Free German Youth. On leaving school he worked for four months at the steel mill in Hettstedt as a "rod puller".

Student years
Between 1951 and 1954 he studied Industrial Economics and Organisation at the College for Economic Planning ("Hochschule für Planökonomie" - as it was known at that time) in Berlin-Karlshorst. He combined his studies with work as a research assistant on Marxism–Leninism. The topic for his degree dissertation was "The Nature of the Socio-economic changes in Czechoslovakia after the Second World War". After receiving his degree he stayed on at the college as an assistant at the college Institute for Political Economy, in the section devoted to the Political Economy of socialism, progressing to the position of a senior assistant over the next few years. He received his doctorate in 1959 for work on the accumulation of investment capital for livestock accommodation in large agricultural co-operatives. By 1962, he was also delivering lectures.

Post-graduate progression
It was in 1962 that Harry Nick moved on to the Central Committee Academy for Social Sciences ("Akademie für Gesellschaftswissenschaften beim ZK der SED"), initially as a researcher and, from 1964, also as a lecturer at the academy's Institute for Social Sciences. In 1965 he confirmed that his career lay in the academic sector by obtaining his Habilitation (higher degree) in return for a piece of work entitled "Der Fondsvorschuss als besondere Aufwandsart", which concerned alternative investment modalities. In 1967 he accepted a full professorship in Political Economy.

Professor
Nick remained in charge of research in respect of "Economic and Social Problems resulting from Academic and Technical Advances" at the Institute for Political Economy till 1990. Principal areas of work included the Economics of Funding new enterprises and Economic Accounting. It may have been out of respect for his unwavering commitment to basic socialist principals that between 1967 and 1990 Harry Nick was able to publish a succession of articles drawing attention to problems afflicting East Germany which, in his judgement, called for urgent economic reforms and remedies. Among his more important published contributions were "Technical Revolution and the Economics of Funding Manufacturing" (1967) "Society and Business under Socialism" (1970), and "The Economic and Social Impact of Academic and Technical Progress" (1986).

During the early 1960s party leaders were increasingly desperate to slow down or even reverse the widening gap in economic performance and general prosperity between socialist East Germany and capitalist West Germany. One response was to try and restrict economic emigration from east to west. Another involved economic reforms at home which would focus more on profitability and decentralising decision making. The so-called New Economic System was formally launched in 1963. Western sources tend to see it as a belated acceptance of western-style economic liberal economics. The way in which it was implemented (or was not) during the 1960s and 1970s suggest it was no such thing. Walter Ulbricht seems always to have been, at most, a deeply reluctant convert to inconvenient economic truths. Harry Nick engaged with commitment in the debates surrounding the New Economic System, and what it should mean in terms of economic planning and management of the national economy. He saw and articulated an acute need for "economic reform in the context of genuine socialism". To the extent that his vision was never realised, he continued to articulate it, appropriately updated, long after the increasingly obvious bankruptcy of the East German economy had effectively put an end to the East German dictator-state during 1989–90.

Changes and reunification
The Central Committee Academy for Social Sciences closed in 1990 at around the same time as the one-party dictatorship collapsed. For Harry Nick, still aged only 58, this triggered both enforced retirement and the start of a new career. He remained engaged both politically and as a journalist.

In 1989 not everyone anticipated reunification with the same bull-headed clarity as Chancellor Kohl, but there was a widespread acceptance within the political class that as the winds of Glasnost blew across from, of all places, Moscow, the SED's days as the country's perpetually ruling party were numbered. During the first party of 1990 the old East German ruling party embarked on a lengthy restructuring programme in order to prepare itself for a democratic future. One of the first visible changes involved a new name for the party. Harry Nick joined a series of working groups set up within the new Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), producing reports for the party executive on economic policy. He became a member of the "Economy and Democracy" forum and for many years participated in the party's Marxist Forum. Post-unification Nick was, in addition, a respected member of the Leibnitz Society.

Between 1997 and 2012 Harry Nick contributed regularly to Neues Deutschland on various economics topics. In his final article he wrote that developments in [what had previously been] East Germany since 1990 could "not be understood without also understanding that the defining maxim of the market economy is the same as that of a common robber - grab as much as you can".

Looking back
But it should not be assumed that he ever became uncritical of government economic management between 1949 and 1989. Although it was common at the time and subsequently to describe the East German economy as a "planned economy", reality was frequently a grotesque absence of planning. Economic policy certainly operated according to a powerfully dirigiste midel, but attempts at micro-management and other interventions by politicians were frequently mutually contradictory and generally based on short-term often personal considerations. Nick lived through the timid economic reforms of the early 1960s and their abrupt abandonment by the leadership. What made the matter worse, he later recalled, was that as the crisis for "real socialism" became ever clearer, there was no political response. By 1989 the German Democratic Republic really had reached the end of the road, in terms of its growing technological deficit and the widening shortfall between supply and demand. In 2012 Nick spelled out his verdict that the "socialist attempt [had] not passed its historical acid test".

A recurring theme of Harry Nick's later work is the economic and political "failure of Eastern European socialism". If ever the attempt to create a true socialist state were to be attempted [in Germany] again, the "democratic process [must be sustained] even while the rule of the bourgeoisie is overcome".

Personal
Nick was married with, by December 1967 six children, of whom four were boys.

He died on 7 December 2014 in Berlin.

Honours and awards (selection)
• 1969: Patriotic Order of Merit in Bronze

• 1976:  Banner of Labor Class II

• 1979:  National Prize of the German Democratic Republic

• Hermann Duncker Medal

• Honoured as a Meritorious University Teacher of the German Democratic Republic

Compared to some of his colleagues who were more overtly industrious and / or more willing to follow official interpretations of party dogma unquestioningly, Nick himself found this a relatively modest haul by the standards of the time and place. He did not enjoy travel privileges, and made his first foreign trip - to Austria - only in 1989. Even then the necessary permissions were received only as a result of what Harry Nick himself described in a semi-autobographical book published in 2003, as "some kind of a tacit oversight" ("... eine Art stillschweigendes Versehen").

Output (selection)

 * Technische Revolution und Ökonomie der Produktionsfonds. Dietz, Berlin 1967.
 * Gesellschaft und Betrieb im Sozialismus. Die Wirtschaft, Berlin 1970.
 * Ökonomische und soziale Wirksamkeit des wissenschaftlich-technischen Fortschritts. (As head of the author-collective) Akademie für Gesellschaftswissenschaften beim ZK der SED, 1986.
 * Die Marxsche Lehre im Lichte des sozialistischen Desasters sowie der globalen Revolution. GNN, Schkeuditz 1997.
 * Veränderungen in der Arbeitswelt. (= Pankower Vorträge 45), Helle Panke, Berlin 2002.
 * Gemeinwesen DDR. Erinnerungen und Überlegungen eines Politökonomen.VSA, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-89965-013-1.

title: Harry Nick


text:
Wikiversity:Participants

Wikiversity is sufficiently small that its main contributors are (theoretically) able to have an overview of each other. At the same time, Wikiversity is sufficiently large and diverse that its main contributors (and newcomers) do not in fact have a proper overview of each other. To avoid unnecessary embarrassments and generally keep people informed about who's who and who's doing what (of significance), the idea of this page is to collect personalia on a month by month basis. Ultimately this page should be a minor contribution to communication and community.

The exact notes collected is not a closed set - contributors may add notes depending on what they personally think is important for the community to know. However notes should generally be related to the most active participants at Wikiversity, and to events and efforts of significance involving participants.

Personalia: notes for April 2014
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for March 2014
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for January 2014
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for December 2013
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for November 2013
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for October 2013
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for September 2013
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for August 2013
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for July 2013
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for June 2013
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for May 2013
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for March 2013
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for February 2013
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for January 2013
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for December 2012
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for June 2011
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for August 2009
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for November 2008
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for October 2008
Very active contributors for this month included:

Notes: Students from the University of Florida continued active involvement in a class project with usernames of the format Eml4500.[term.[group].[surname] ] (Coordinator: Dr. Vu-Quoc).

Personalia: notes for September 2008
Very active contributors for this month included:

Notes: about 70 to 80 students from the University of Florida were involved in a class project; usernames were created using the format Eml4500.[term.[group].[surname] ]. The project is coordinated by Dr. Vu-Quoc (User:Eml4500.f08).

Personalia: notes for August 2008
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for July 2008
Very active contributors for this month included:

Notes: Allioshida forgets to log in when editing, but is currently a top content editor; a project surrounding a dispute on a sister project brought in a number of additional frequent editors.

Personalia: notes for June 2008
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for May 2008
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for April 2008
Very active contributors for this month included:

Project: SRego (mechanical engineering, University of Toronto, Canada) used Wikiversity for his Design for the Environment project. About 100 to 150 students were involved as editors for a brief period, many becoming "very active" contributors for this month. The students are not included in the above list, as they did not become long-term contributors.

Personalia: notes for March 2008
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for February 2008
Very active contributors for this month included:

Personalia: notes for January 2008
In memoriam: The Wikimedia Foundation was informed that Mirwin, a Wikiversity contributor and founding member, who had been very active up to December 2007, died this month. The Wikiversity community is greatly saddened by this loss. Mirwin also had the distinction of being one of the very earliest users of Wikipedia (#369).

Very active contributors for this month included:

title: Wikiversity:Participants


text:
The Rainmaker (1926 film)

The Rainmaker is a 1926 American silent drama film directed by Clarence G. Badger and written by Gerald Beaumont, Louis D. Lighton, and Hope Loring. The film stars William Collier Jr., Georgia Hale, Ernest Torrence, Brandon Hurst, Joseph J. Dowling, and Tom Wilson. The film was released on May 10, 1926, by Paramount Pictures.

Plot
As described in a film magazine review, due to an injury received during the war, a jockey is told he will never ride again. However, the injury also allows him to know through prayer whether it will rain, the knowledge useful in his betting on horse races. His nurse Nell Wendell falls in love with him, but she is later discharged from the hospital. She becomes a dancer in a saloon owned a lifetime friend, who has refused to sell his property to a rival who believies that there is oil on the land. A plague breaks out and the rival prevents aid from coming in. The jockey prays for rain with the aid of the parish priest and it comes. Nells’s friend in his will leaves his property to the couple.

Preservation
With no prints of The Rainmaker located in any film archives, it is a lost film.

title: The Rainmaker (1926 film)