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Cooke County Library

The Cooke County Library is a public library serving the population of Cooke County, Texas. The library is located in Gainesville, Texas.

Founding (1903)
The first city library in Gainesville, Texas was located in a building known as the Joe Townsley building on North Dixon Street in 1903. The XLI Club added the first collection of 400 books and it was run by Sue McKemie, she was a volunteer that offered to keep the library open one day a week. The library's popularity grew and its hours were extended to each afternoon with a growing list of volunteers. This early library was known as the XLI Club Subscription Library.

In 1907 the Gainesville city council allowed two rooms on the second floor to be used inside city hall as the library. Once established on the second floor the first paid librarian was Gertha Lockard.

Pioneer county librarian Lillian Gunter raised funds alongside the XLI Club for a Carnegie Foundation library between the years 1908–1910. City council agreed to financially support the library in 1912 on an annual basis and to help maintain a Carnegie Library once built. By 1913 the $1,500 needed to secure and purchase a lot for the future library had been raised. The council would continue to provide $1,500 for maintenance purposes after its completion. The XLI Club was presented with a deed by Judge C.C. Potter for a 60 foot by 100 foot plot on the southwest corner of Denton and Main Streets.

An architect from Sherman, Texas named William A. Tackett drew up plans and specifics for the Carnegie Corporation of New York, which was approved, and adopted by the city council of Gainesville. E.M. Wilkens of Fort Worth, Texas, was paid $10,998.00 as the general contractor and building was commenced on December 27, 1913, as noted by Ann Woods in her recounting. The cost of the complete project was $15,000 in 1914.

Lillian Gunter
Lillian Gunter (1870–1926) hailed from Sivells Bend, Texas. After receiving an education in St. Louis, Missouri, Gunter moved to Gainesville where her father had his plantation and, whereon his death she assumed possession of the establishment from 1892 to 1902.

She would go on to join the XLI Club and started the XLI Club Subscription Library which Gunter managed for 10 years. Once Andrew Carnegie gave his grant to the city, Gunter and her fellow club members raised the funds to buy a site for construction of the Gainesville Public Library.

Though she began work in 1908, Gunter became the first head librarian of the Gainesville Carnegie Public Library upon its completion in 1914. Shortly after its opening Gunter realized she was meeting the needs of the town, however, she was missing the rural population nearby. There was no plan at the time to reach the rural population and shortly after Gunter began working on a way to meet the needs of those in the outlying area.

In an article authored by Laureen Jacobs of the Arlington Public Library in Texas, she writes, "Lillian Gunter referred to herself in her work diary as 'A progressive librarian in rural Texas'".

Jacobs goes on to write, "she [Gunter] felt she needed more education, so she traveled, at her own expense, to the New York State Library School at Albany for a 6 week summer library training course. She also saved a place in the basement of the library for the African-American community of Gainesville. That must have been a very bold move, in her day. Gunter's initial salary was $50 per month'". Jacobs learned the above from a diary that Gunter wrote from 1921 to 1924.

While handling librarian duties, Gunter along with county representative George W. Dayton worked on the Texas County Library Law which passed on March 5, 1917, and was signed by Governor of Texas James E. Ferguson. It was Lillian's goal to serve the whole county and not just the immediate area.

To meet her goal she planned the creation of a county library. Though the first county library law would later be repealed, Lillian pushed for a second library law after getting advice from the California State Library during the administration of Milton J. Ferguson. The new law – the 1919 Texas County Library Law – passed and signed by Governor of Texas William P. Hobby.

Gainesville Carnegie Public Library (1913–1920)
The petition for a county library contained that of 1,361 signatures from individuals supporting its creation, which led to a vote for a bond of $125,000 for the new library. Gainesville Carnegie Public Library/The Cooke County Free Library was the second county library, the first being Dallam County Library, under the new Texas County Library Law and would grow to consist of 82 branches and a bookmobile that was in service.

In 1913, a lot was designated for what would be called the Gainesville Carnegie Public Library. By October 10, 1914, the Gainesville Public Library began operations with a collection of 3,500 items. As promised the city council "very wisely have decided to charge only such a fee for its use as will cover janitor service, lights, and fuel making it free in a great many instances".

Lillian Gunter wrote in a script that the site itself was "located on a corner lot on one of the best streets in the city, and one short block from the heart of the business district". The building was described as "very plain one-story and high basement structure of native cream colored pressed brick, dimensions 50' by 60'". Gunter would go on to describe the furniture and Library equipment as "of a most modern character throughout, and designed to give the most perfect library service".

Inside the library was an auditorium, club-room, a museum on the bottom floor, offices, a large reading room reading room on the 2nd floor, and storage rooms. It was noted in a book by Wayne Nason that, "-material for the museum was collected by the librarian-consists of 13 shelves of fossils-early implements and arms, local history books, and manuscripts". There were Native American relics and when counted by Nason in 1928 the manuscripts totaled 262 articles.

On the top floor it was "devoted to library purposes with children's and adults' reading room, stack room, and reference department simply separated from one another by arrangements of furniture".

As for the aforementioned auditorium and club rooms on the bottom floor "there are two club rooms given over to the XLI Club, and an auditorium equipped with chairs and lights, drop curtains and a scenery painted by a local scene painter, and representing a view from the city park".

The club rooms were often used by fellow community groups such as the "young men's club, of the mothers'clubs, the story hour, cooking demonstrations, meeting of the girls' training club, of the school board, and various other affairs". It was noted that these club rooms were open to public use as to "uplift the community and endear the public library to the people".

During the initial years of the library's operation, Cooke County Representative George W. Dayton and Lillian Gunter began crafting the Texas County Library Law in 1915. That same year at the October, 1915 Texas Library Association conference in San Antonio, Texas-president of the association Elizabeth West "paid tribute to Miss Gunter". It's also noted that while there "this head of the Carnegie Library of San Antonio urge the Library Association to earnestly get at the task of furthering library interests in Texas". Though the law passed originally in 1917, it was repealed. With the newer and reworked Texas County Library Law of 1919, the law was petitioned in 1920 and led to a county library being established. Later, in 1921, the Gainesville Carnegie Public Library was renamed to the Cooke County Free Library in the spirit of the new library law.

Cooke County Free Library (1921–1962)
In 1921 the Library reflected inward and made changes to their checkout system and stated "the new reader was given an application blank, which, when properly filled out, was numbered and filed both alphabetically and numerically". This helped with farmers forgetting their cards. J. James Brown goes on to tell that if a farmer "-had forgotten it, he gave his name. The files had been so carefully placed for convenience that it was a small matter to find his number from his name".

At the 1922 State Fair of Texas the Gainesville Chamber of Commerce financed a library display for the exhibition that was held in Dallas. The exhibit contained "miniature town, farm and countryside, with a book on each subject illustrated in an endeavor to show the universal application of a country library service".

In October 1924, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace presented the county library with "52 volumes of travel biography, letters, and treatises on international conditions". The corporation required that there be a section of shelves devoted to "The International Mind Alcove" area as it was expected that the Carnegie organization would add books to this section from "time to time".

The University of Texas Geological Camp gifted the library a county wide map that "was a unique and interesting exhibit, showing the identifying formations for each of the 12 geological horizons in Cooke County". By the beginning of November 1924, the first oil well was established and men flocked to town to work the site. The Library was now in possession of the only geological map of Cooke County in existence. During its first month on display 114 men visited "The Oil Alcove" in the library. The head librarian gave it that name and then proceeded to take "all the maps of the county and adjacent territory and all bulletins and books on geology" and moved them to the front of the library to be part of "The Oil Alcove".

By 1925 a new feature was moved to the library called "The Black and Grand Prairies of Texas" which drew a renewed attention from oil prospectors. The item was a land survey of Love County, Oklahoma and it also contained a collection of "some 10 or 15 well logs" of sites that have been previously drilled in and around Cooke County.

In 1935 the Library was presented a portrait of Andrew Carnegie created by Luis Moya which was framed for permanent display as part of Andrew Carnegie's Centennial Celebration held by the Carnegie Corporation.

The 1937 annual report showed that the libraries' growth were hitting new highs with the totals as follows: 18,703 volumes, a circulation of 76,221 books, and the registration of 9,379 patrons. This was an increase in circulation of 10,908 over the previous year. By 1941 annual report show that the Library's circulation hit 131,086 with 10,784 registered borrowers.

Cynthia Wayne Martin
Cynthia Wayne Martin took over for Lillian Gunter upon her death in 1926. Under Martin more branches appeared and branches already in existence were updated. Her plan for further development involved acquiring a bookmobile that would travel to branch locations, schools, and businesses. The bookmobile was first manned by Librarian Carrie Hudspeath and by a Mr. Emmett Cameron. The mobile was able to carry some 2,000 books to and from locations. Notably, Martin helped the county schools acquire books by combining funds between the library and the schools, most went to the bookmobile to travel between other stations and branches that serviced the schools' population.

Over time, this new library on wheels led to the closing of many stations and branches as stated by Librarian Ann Woods in a later record. At the time schools were consolidating while several communities were dwindling, and due to the Gilmer-Aikman Bill in 1950–1951 which required schools to have their own onsite library. After the need for the bookmobile diminished, it was retired.

Martin was also allowed to manage the training of all library personnel under the new Works Progress Administration's act, a plan that was put into action by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on May 6, 1935.

Martin retired on January 10, 1939, and Head Librarian Olna Catis Boaz assumed leadership of the library.

Olna Catis Boaz
By 1939 the library began to face changes. "-the W.P.A.[Works Progress Administration] project went out of existence. Library service was hampered and county branches showed drops in circulation". Head Librarian Olna Boaz saw a need and along with fellow librarian Carrie Hudspeath-drove the bookmobile to library stations and branches themselves.

Mrs. Boaz talked up the bookmobile and took every chance to mention the "library on wheels" to fellow librarians at the Texas Library Association Meetings. 1940 showed "an increase in service to schools over former facilities". However, when the Gilmer-Aiken Bill became effective in 1950–1951, schools were required to have libraries built on site. The choice to redistribute the books was made and the bookmobile became non-existent.

1942 saw the growth of Camp Howze as World War II raged on. With Camp Howze expanding population the "branches at Mossville, Warrens Bend, and Marysville, and Mount Hope were closed and the books were returned to the main library due to the army camp". A donation of "nearly 400" books was received from a drive held in Dallas and these books were put to use due in part to the library being "in a defense area and having insufficient resources for the severe strain that was put on it". The library even expanded hours till 8:00 pm with the increased population held at Camp Howze.

The post-war plan was to found and establish a new library. This would mean an increase in budget to meet the American Library Association's guidelines as to meet the requirements for zones that had a population that was under 25,000. At the time it was found that the "present building was entirely inadequate even for present needs". The plan pushed to reconstruct the "old building" for office of other use while commencing construction on a new campus for the library.

By 1946 Mrs. Boaz had gone back to school for teaching and later resigned and went to teach in Denton, Texas. Mrs. Hudspeth was made the next Head Librarian and continued down the path for a new library to be constructed.

Cooke County Library (1963–present)
After voters agreed to a bond for a new library building, construction began in 1962. Cooke County Library opened its doors on June 29, 1963, in Gainesville, Texas at 200 South Weaver and to this day is the current site of the library. The Gainesville Carnegie Public Library now serves as a building for the Arts Council and the Butterfield Stage Theater. The contract for construction was given to Jack Owens in the fall of 1962 and the architects chosen for the construction were Pond and Bellamy of Wichita Falls, Texas.

Cooke County Library Association and the Cooke County Bibliography Project
In October 1985 Cooke County Library Association (which consisted of library employees and its Friends of the Library) had its first meeting and decided to work alongside the Cooke County Sesquicentennial Committee and the Cultural Affairs Committee to compile a Cooke County Bibliography as a "special project" covering a list of sources and peoples' heritage that would be accessible to future generations and located at both the Cooke County Library and the Morton Museum in Gainesville, Texas. At the time there were three separate, smaller reports that covered happenings, families, and places. The groups decided to place these three reports as a foundation for a bigger project that covered all of Cooke County. Copies of the report were passed out to libraries within the county. The names of Cooke County librarians that assisted with the project can be found on the last page of the Cooke County Bibliography Special Project for the Sesquicentennial.

Listed below are the names of Cooke County librarians that assisted with the special project and they are written as shown on the last page of the report :
 * Sylvia Bayer
 * Ann Cogburn
 * Sandy Corbett
 * Joy Davidson
 * Sylvia Lyons
 * Sandra Moore
 * Frances Moses
 * Mary Moster
 * Sister Carmelita Myers
 * Patsy Sloan
 * Mary Townsley
 * Patsy Wilson
 * Ann Woods

Ann Woods
Mrs. Ann Woods, Head Librarian of the Cooke County Library took over for Mrs. Cora Neely in 1977. In the book Cooke County History: Past and Present, Woods detailed the founding and growth of the Cooke County Library from 1903 to 1977 when she took over as the Head Librarian, leaving behind a record of library events that had not been previously recorded since 1945 by Hazel Self. Woods also assisted the Cooke County Library Association, Cooke County Sesquicentennial Committee, Cultural Affairs Committee and other Cooke County Librarians with the Cooke County Bibliography Project.

List of librarians
This list was compiled using the dates from Ann Wood's entries in Cooke County History: Past and Present and online data.
 * Sue McKemie (1907, first recorded volunteer librarian)
 * Gertha Lockard (1907–1908, first paid librarian)
 * Lillian Gunter (1908–1926, first head librarian)
 * Cynthia Wayne Martin (1926–1939)
 * Olna Oatis Boaz (1939–1947)
 * Carrie Hudspeath (1947–1965)
 * Cora Neely (1966–1970)
 * Helen Neu (1970–1971)
 * Cora Neely (1971–1977)
 * Ann Woods (1977–2004)
 * Jennifer Johnson-Spence (2005–present)

Historical branches of the Cooke County Free Library
Historically, the Cooke County Free Library once consisted of 82 library branches and school stations. However, Hazel Self's 1945 graduate report mentions there were at one point 91 branches in service. By the time of this 1945 report, self-describes 25 library locations were left from a liquidation of county branches.

This following list comprises branch locations and the coinciding opening day/year. The following branch names are written as observed in Self's graduate report in 1945. The following sites do not have dates attributed to them but are shown on Self's report pages 31–32 of branch locations.
 * Sivells Bend (March 30, 1921)
 * Valley View (April 17, 1921)
 * Hood (April 25, 1921)
 * Woodbine (May 25, 1921)
 * Era (June 21, 1921)
 * Callisburg (June 21, 1921)
 * Marysville (July 28, 1921)
 * Bulcher (July 28, 1921)
 * Muenster (July 28, 1921)
 * Myra (July 28, 1921)
 * Rosston (October 12, 1921)
 * Walnut Bend (October 13, 1921)
 * Hemming (November 16, 1921)
 * Lindsay (November 19, 1921)
 * Dye (December 16, 1921)
 * Warren's Bend (1921)
 * Van Slyke (May 16, 1922)
 * Salem (May 23, 1922)
 * Bloomfield (June 26, 1922)
 * Tyler's Bluff (August 9, 1922)
 * Burns City (1923)
 * Delaware Bend (1923)
 * Concord (1923)
 * Mt. Hope (1925)
 * Dexter (1926)
 * Era 2nd location (1926)
 * Mt. Hope 2nd location (1926)
 * Burton
 * Canady
 * Freemound
 * Hays
 * Lemons
 * Leo
 * Loving
 * Mountain Springs
 * Oak Dale
 * Oak Valley
 * Red Rock
 * Red Ware
 * Ross Point
 * Six Mill
 * Spring Grove
 * Springhill
 * Union Grove
 * West View
 * Whaley Chapel

title: Cooke County Library


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Mugesera v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)

Mugesera v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), [2005] 2 S.C.R. 100, is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision. The Court upheld the deportation order for Léon Mugesera, a politician from Rwanda, on the grounds of inciting hatred and for suspicion of crimes against humanity for his alleged role in the Rwandan genocide.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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User:Helpful202/sandbox

== Corey Leigh Rutgers

Corey Leigh Rutgers (born 28 May 1989 in Footscray, Victoria) is a former WA country and grade cricketer who played in Western Australia.[1] Rutgers is current coach of Belgium National Cricket Team, also an assistant coach for Islamabad United franchise in the Pakistan super League.

From 2017-18 he previously worked for the Netherlands National Cricket team as an Assistant/Analyst coach.

In August 2019, Rutgers was appointed head coach of the Belgium national cricket team.[3]

https://thewest.com.au/news/pilbara/kat-achieves-rare-country-team-spot-ng-ya-124712 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium_national_cricket_team https://thewest.com.au/news/pilbara-news/national-head-coach-role-for-ex-karratha-cricketer-ng-b881332035z

title: User:Helpful202/sandbox


text:
Talk:Transactional sex

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 26 September 2019 and 9 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): DiaEdie.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 11:37, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

??
What in the world is this article talking about? Paul 05:53, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

The Section on Sub-Saharan Africa.
Should be cut out. Transactional Sex takes place in most impoverished places of the world and sexually transmitted diseases run rampant in those places as well. Singling out Sub-Saharan Africa seems a bit lacking in objectivity and subjective singling out of an entire ethnicity. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:22, 17 April 2018 (UTC)
 * You have a point that the article is currently unbalanced. The article's sources currently include eight focussing on Africa, so it is hardly surprising that there is a lot of emphasis in the text on Africa. It would make sense to address this problem by expanding the non-African content. Hoefinger's work on Cambodia is cited and could be used as a start to do this. Other sources are available concerning other countries. It does not seem sensible to try and address this problem by deleting well-sourced text which amounts to over half of what is currently a start-class article. - Polly Tunnel (talk) 15:38, 19 April 2018 (UTC)
 * The article fundamentally stigmatises Africans, Unfortunately there are few reports regarding high income country transactional sex , for example sex work in the USA which 1 million undertake , an edit to that effect was removed for discussing Africa outside the context of Africa , rather than as was intended discussing the examples raised outside of Africa and in a high income country , edits were also submitted referencing research regarding China and India , and were removed why ? The fact this article exists in the form it does is distressing Andagainilltry (talk) 17:20, 31 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Hope the section is removed or this edit stays the same : Is similar to everywhere else . I'm African British, been to West Africa , live in UK , If the Woman I liked who once bought me a drink expected something in  return , I might have done , that doesn't mean it's cultural to British men , nor that it's not to men from elsewhere Andagainilltry (talk) 17:42, 31 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Transactional sex


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Talk:Hotel Hell

Content of lede
We've got a fine old edit war going over the lead paragraphs of this article. I find the content fine as written, with appropriate redundancy in the lead. That's what's done in encyclopedic writing. However, I do find one sentence needs rewriting for clarity, which I will do once this is settled. --Drmargi (talk) 17:19, 16 August 2012 (UTC)

 * A wholesale, 100% rv of an obviously good-faith edit that was clearly explained in the edit comments is inappropriate and can be taken as hostile. The original rv of my edits were done so quickly after I completed them that it's clear my version was never even read. It was just automatically reverted. First, it is inappropriate to put content about date/time of premeire prior to explaining the show's concept. Also, all the content about the different dates/times that Fox had temporarily scheduled the show to air are totally unimportant as most shows go through a scheduling debate. All that matters is when it was ultimately scheduled to begin airing. Content about The Finder is totally unnecessary. The show does not include a "team of hospitality experts" as was incorrectly stated. There were multiple redundancies with sentences; examples: "that premiered on Fox on August 13, 2012, at 8 pm ET/PT as part of a two-night premiere event" (premiered/premier); "This series is Ramsay's fourth television series" (series/series); and "visiting various struggling lodging establishments throughout the United States, in hopes that their expertise would reverse the establishment's fortunes" (establishments/establishment's). I retained all relevant, encylopedic content and sourcing. Overall, instead of completely reverting my entire edit, it should have been discussed with me or taken to the talk page. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:38, 16 August 2012 (UTC)

 * I expected to be thanked for my edits, which clearly improved the article, maintained the good/encyclopedic content, and corrected the grammar/usage problems. If you impartially compare the before and after versions, and take my above comments into consideration, you will see that my edits improved the article and eliminated unnecessary content. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:48, 16 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Editors are rarely thanked for their edits. Let's look at what underpins the problem we're facing now: to begin with, you're making bad faith assumptions; see WP:AGF.  Recognize that any editor has the right to revert your edits at any time, and that part of WP:AGF is the tacit assumption that such reverts are not hostile.  Regardless, in addition to assuming good faith, you are expected to discuss on the relevant talk page and refrain from edit warring, including respecting WP:3RR, none of which you have done.  It's a shame, because you have made some reasonable points.  Had you initiated the discussion to begin with, we wouldn't be here now, and could probably have found a mutually agreed upon version of the lede.  By now, that ship has probably sailed.  --Drmargi (talk) 17:52, 16 August 2012 (UTC)

 * I was talking about "thanked" figuratively, not literally. Haha. I would have been happy to discuss here had an editor opened a discussion rather than simply reverting my entire edit. That, in itself, indicates a level of hostility rather than focusing on specific issues to which someone objects. You talk about my "reasonable" points, but did not elaborate. I believe all my points are reasonable and clearly explain my reasoning and intentions to improve the article. If something I did needed a tweak, then by all means that would have been fine. But to simply remove everything I did shows no intention of trying to work cooperatively with me. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:57, 16 August 2012 (UTC)

 * You expect everything to flow to you and to be done to suit you, while you continue to make bad faith assumptions. I'm not interested in trying to problem solve with someone not prepared to work in the manner Wikipedia demands and who continues to edit war; you're now at six reverts, twice the limit.  --Drmargi (talk) 18:03, 16 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Your comment supports my suspicions; that you are only interested in reverting without cause, rather than making the article the best it can be. I have clearly addressed the problems with the content and you have addressed none of them. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:06, 16 August 2012 (UTC)

I'm ready to discuss when you're prepared to work toward consensus. Right now, the finger-pointing is getting us nowhere. Bring the discussion back to the edits and just the edits, and I'm happy to continue discussion. --Drmargi (talk) 18:38, 16 August 2012 (UTC)

 * @<IP_ADDRESS> - OK, here are the problems:
 * Don't edit-war. You've now reverted 8 times and have been reported to WP:3RRNB, as I've told you on your talk page. By forcing your edits into the article in the manner that you have, you've exhibited ownership over the article, which is inappropriate. Wikipedia is a collaborative project and editors need to work together. When your changes were first reverted, as an appropriate edit summary was included in the reversion, you should have come straight here and discussed the edits. The onus to discuss is on you, not other editors.
 * I'll admit that some of the editing you did to the lead was appropriate for the lead but there was absolutely no justification in removing the "Scheduling" section, which is, as I indicated in my original edit summary, was not redundant and was in fact, reasonable encyclopaedic treatment. The lead is supposed to summarise main points in the article, not replace all of the prose. What you condensed should actually be expanded into a "premise" section of the article, as per MOS:TV.
 * Follow the links that are being provided to assist you. TBrandley directed you to WP:LEDE, if you had followed that link, instead of ignoring it as you have ignored all of the other links that have been provided to assist you, we'd still have a reasonable article to expand upon. --AussieLegend (talk) 18:47, 16 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks, Drmargi. And AussieLegend, please stop lecturing me and just focus on the content and what's needed to improve this article. This is the first time you've participated, so I'm glad to see you here. And thank you for admitting that some of my edits were appropriate. Anyway, I clearly explained in my first comment above (17:38, 16 August 2012 (UTC)), in detail, what the problems were before I made my edits. The Scheduling section was solely about all the different times that Fox had considered airing the show, which is totally unimportant and not encyclopedic because most, if not all, shows go through a number of schedule changes before they premiere. No one cares about all the different dates that a show was supposed to premiere; all that's needed is the actual, final date that was chosen. If you want to have a Scheduling section, then move the date it premiered and the day/time it airs each week from the lede to the Scheduling section. And I outlined all the redundancies, which another editor incorrectly claimed did not exist. By the way, I never said the Scheduling section was redundant; Aussie misinterpreted that somehow. I said there were redundancies i.e. wording in some sentences in the article were redundant. I gave all the examples in my first comment above. The content in the Scheduling section was simply unnecessary, not worthy of inclusion. Again, I pointed out, very specifically, the problems with the orignal content. The funny part about this whole matter is that I didn't make any major edits; I simply cleaned-up what was there and removed the unnecessary content (about the temporary premiere dates and the mention of The Finder). Everything else is still there, now in proper order... clean, nice and easy to read. If you want to move the premiere date and date/time it airs from the lede into a Scheduling section, go for it. But with there being so little content right now, I simply didn't see the need for a separate section yet. Anyway, I suggest standing back and impartially comparing my version to the prior version and you will see how much better it reads now, and eliminates the few pieces of unimportant content. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:18, 16 August 2012 (UTC)
 * You're mistaking guidance, which you keep ignoring, for lecturing. You've been provided with plenty of links but you keep ignoring, or misinterpreting them. That fact that several editors have reverted you should be a clear indication of that. The scheduling changes are relevant encyclopaedic content because they include movements not just to fit in other programs, but related Ramsay shows. --AussieLegend (talk) 19:40, 16 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Semantics (lecturing, guidance); you get the picture. Your 1-2-3 points above, and your tone, indicate what you are doing. Please, just focus on the article's content. The temporary premiere dates are not encylopedic at all. Otherwise, every TV show article would include all the different premiere dates a network had once considered. All that matters is the final decision; the date it actually premiered. Saying well, it was supposed to start on this date, then that date, then another date... is pointless. Fox's final decision was that it would premiere on August 13, 2012. Period. That's what the article needs to include. And the Episodes section/chart will show readers when each episode aired. My edits were a very simple, grammatically-correct rewrite, which removed a few unimportant details. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:54, 16 August 2012 (UTC)

 * I extend my humble apologies to all editors involved in this for my rudeness and edit-warring. I was very hurt because my edits were sincerely intended as a very friendly, postitive effort to improve the content that was already there, and just remove a few pieces that I truly believed weren't necessary. I figured everyone would appreciate the rewrite, which didn't involve that much text. So when I saw editors simply revert my entire edit, it was very frustrating. But I should've discussed it with those who objected, even if they didn't discuss it with me before reverting. Anyway, a very nice editor named TRLIJC19 filed an ANI report about me because of a discussion we had. But I didn't find out about it until after I apologized to him. Oh, well. Haha. Anyway, the administrator who closed the ANI shared his opinion about my edit (and the overall situation). I wanted to share it with you. He said:
 * "The blind are leading the blind. In the blue corner, a bunch of relatively friendly editors who insist on keeping a bunch of irrelevant detail in an encyclopedic article; in the red corner, an editor who did some cleanup and then resorted to edit-warring (why they weren't blocked I don't know yet) and patronizing the hell out of everybody. How about ignore? (And yes, other editors, that info on Scheduling and all that was not important). BTW, I will archive this, yes. Drmies (talk) 07:30, 17 August 2012 (UTC)"
 * In case you didn't get it, I'm in the red corner and you guys are in the blue corner. :P
 * So although my behavior was very inappropriate, the administrator did agree with me about the irrelevant content, including removing the Scheduling section. I hope you will take that into consideration before you simply revert my entire edit again. And please compare my text vs. what I changed it from. Hopefully, you will see the improvement. Also, I do not believe any additional sections are required when there is very little current content in an article, and that the lede can be up to four paragraphs. I read it somewhere but I can't find it right now. I have seen many articles with very minimal content where it's all contained within the lede and there are no other sections. I also remember reading that once you have enough general content, you can create sections. I know this article has a section for episodes, but I'm talking about sections for regular text/info about the show.
 * Anyway, please see all my reasons for the edit in my first comment of this discussion. That explains everything. I know you'll do what's best for the article. Again, I'm sorry for the disruptions I caused and for hurting anyone's feelings. I didn't mean it. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:23, 17 August 2012 (UTC)

You say you're sorry. Words are cheap; I say prove it. Take an editing break until such time as you've learned all the policies you violated yesterday and can abide by them properly. Then continue on your break until you can learn to respect the editors you'll work with and the process of consensus. You did nothing less than harass me most of yesterday, and it's only because of a total failure by our corps of our administrators that you have any editorial privileges at all; you're damned lucky you do. A more experienced editor would have been given a long block for a third of what you did.

As for the article, Drmies opinion is just that; Drmies opinion and it's not binding in any way. Moreover, it demonstrates a lack of understanding of what really happened here. The lede needs a total rewrite, so let's see how you handle it, starting with assumption of good faith. --Drmargi (talk) 14:46, 17 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Getting back to the main point, is there any support for the IP's edits? --AussieLegend (talk) 19:51, 17 August 2012 (UTC)
 * As it stands? None; consensus was against him. I'll look at them side-by-side to see what grammar, etc he fixed.  I'd support changes such as that.  The rest needs a complete rewrite; both versions have issues with the description of the show and what Ramsay does.  The standing version is far too lean and lacks both accuracy and detail. --Drmargi (talk) 21:43, 17 August 2012 (UTC)

Season finale summary
I've just restored the summary for the season finale again. Claims in edit summary in which it was removed are not correct. While the location information is in the title and location fields, it's not obvious from "River Rock Inn/Roosevelt Hotel Milford, Pennsylvania Coeur d'Alene, Idaho" where each establishment is, so it's clarified in the summary. The fact that the episode is 2 hours long and that it is the season finale is not mentioned at all, so the summary includes these pertinent points. And NO, it's not a copyvio. It should be obvious from my edit histry that I don't do that. --AussieLegend (talk) 14:55, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
 * That summary absolutely needs to be there; I also made a minor adjustment to episode numbering which further clarifies the back-to-back episode structure. I cannot imagine an editor describing the summary as a copyvio, particularly based on intuition alone.  If you were an IP, yes, I can see how that could happen.  But you're too experienced an editor with too many edits on this article alone for that.  Then there's the second revert -- does no one assume good faith and respect WP:BRD any longer? --Drmargi (talk) 17:23, 22 August 2012 (UTC)

Still in production?
It's been a year and a half since the first season. Is the current status correct? MMetro (talk) 18:52, 24 January 2014 (UTC)
 * People are claiming to have been filmed for the second season, but I just tried to research it, and I can't find any word. The production company says it is in development, and the site appears to have been updated in late 2013.  If there is a status other than renewed with no announced date yet, it would seem to be not public at this time.  As a short run reality show, they may just be holding it to air as a replacement, but that's pure and unvarnished speculation.  In short: good question, and it appears that there is nothing citable of any use. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:38, 28 February 2014 (UTC)

Season 2 Summaries
I have attempted to put in summaries for Season 2 episodes and all three attempts have been reverted by three different admins. Obviously I am doing something wrong and would like guidance as to what is acceptable.

Attempt 1 (for the first episode) was a summary that I wrote myself. It was quickly reverted because the hidden note says that uncited content about future episodes will be reverted. I was not writing about a future episode; the episode had aired.

Attempt 2 (for the first episode) was to locate a newspaper article with a two-sentence summary and give full citation. I was thanked for that attempt and it remained for a few days.

Attempt 3 (for the second episode) was to locate a different newspaper article with a two-sentence summary and give full citation. It was quickly reverted for copyvio.

Today I see that the citation in attempt 2 was reverted, something about not following the hidden note.

I just don't understand what is expected and until I get some clear guidance I am not going to put in any more summaries. Snake Oil Salesman (talk) 20:52, 30 July 2014 (UTC)

 * I've already responded to you regarding this on my talk page. Attempt 1 was a valid edit and should not have been reverted. Attempts 2 & 3 were both copyright violations and should have been removed. I reverted attempt 3, but missed attempt 2. However, I did point you to the appropriate policy when I warned you. -- Aussie Legend  ( ✉ ) 21:16, 30 July 2014 (UTC)

 * ok, so I wrote my own summary for Episode 2 and it was reverted one minute later by a fourth admin, who felt it was not neutral. I give up.Snake Oil Salesman (talk) 16:59, 31 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't understand at all why this summary was reverted. Perhaps the editor (who isn't an admin) can explain why it's non-NPOV because it seems a reasonable summary to me. I can understand why you're ready to give up, but please hang in there. -- Aussie Legend  ( ✉ ) 17:16, 31 July 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Hotel Hell


text:
Talk:Diana Maddock, Baroness Maddock

External links modified
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title: Talk:Diana Maddock, Baroness Maddock


text:
untameable

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Incapable of being controlled, subdued, or tamed.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: nemalsovaĝigebla
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Manx: neusmaghtagh, neuveeinagh
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tocharian B: ayātaitstse

title: untameable


text:
User:Bluerasberry/Indore trials

The public protest of the scandal led to broad mass media coverage.

A writer for Frontline compared the research to the plotline of the novel Coma, in which a villainous hospital sells unethical medical treatments for profit.

Participating research institutions were Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore and Maharaja Yeshwantrao Hospital.

Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital & Research Centre declined to share the clinical trial agreements after a 2010 Right to Information request.

The problems with the trail escalated to mass media attention and public discussion.

Right to information request
In 2011 medical doctor Anand Rai was a physician at Maharaja Yeshwantrao Hospital in Indore. He complained about ethics violations in clinical trials to the National Human Rights Commission for information, and that organization referred the matter to the Madhya Pradesh Human Rights Commission. The trial became the subject of more media attention. Rai made a Right to Information request. The information in that request found that at least 81 people experienced serious adverse events related to their clinical trial participation. Merck and Pfizer were among the trial sponsors.

After the court case there was a six-month pause in the government approving any new clinical trials. The government finally begin approving trials again starting with a group of 50 in one day in July 2013.

In January 2012 the government prohibited two doctors from conducting trials because of violations. Related to those suspensions, in 2017 the Medical Council of India suspended the licenses of 8 additional physicians.

Swasthya Adhikar Manch told the court that psychiatrists at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore has enrolled 233 psychiatric patients into clinical trials without getting their informed consent.

In October 2012 Justices Rajendra Mal Lodha and Anil R. Dave demanded data about the clinical trials with the consequence for failure to be national suspension of clinical trials throughout India.

The psychiatrists were accused of testing a polio vaccine on babies without consent. The accusation was that the researchers told parents that they were providing free vaccines as part of a government healthcare program. In one case, the researcher gave the vaccine to a child shortly after birth when the drug was intended for a child who was older. When the child experienced side effects from the drugs the doctor refused to acknowledge them.

Motivations for the doctors to conduct the trials in the way that they did included money and prospects of career advancement.

Headlines Today acquired copies of both the official informed consent document and the alternative explanation which the researchers were providing to the people they were researching. The original document was 16 pages of text, but the researchers were only providing a page of information to research subjects.

Further consideration
A journalist complains about the trial... and the researchers respond.

title: User:Bluerasberry/Indore trials


text:
Talk:Thornaby TMD

Update tag
The article needs updating. At one point it says "Thornaby is still in active service" and at another "The buildings were demolished between May and July 2011". These appear contradictory. Biscuittin (talk) 22:08, 4 April 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Thornaby TMD


text:
2018–19 UEFA Nations League B

The 2018–19 UEFA Nations League B was the second division of the 2018–19 edition of the UEFA Nations League, the inaugural season of the international football competition involving the men's national teams of the 55 member associations of UEFA.

Format
League B consisted of 12 UEFA members ranked from 13 to 24, split into four groups of three. The winners of each group were promoted to the 2020–21 UEFA Nations League A. The third-placed team of each group was initially to be relegated to the 2020–21 UEFA Nations League C, but remained in League B following UEFA's reformatting of the next edition's groups.

In addition, League B was allocated one of the four remaining UEFA Euro 2020 places. Four teams from League B which had not already qualified for the European Championship finals competed in the play-offs for each division, which were played in October and November 2020. The play-off berths were first allocated to the group winners, and if any of the group winners had already qualified for the European Championship finals, then to the next best ranked team of the division, etc. If there were fewer than four teams in League B which had not already qualified for the European Championship finals, the play-off berths would be allocated via one of two methods:

 * If League B had a group winner selected for the play-offs, the next best team in the overall ranking from a lower league would be selected.
 * If League B had no group winner available, the best team in the overall ranking would be selected.

The playoffs consisted of two "one-off" semi-finals (best-ranked team hosts the lowest-ranked team and second best-ranked team hosts the third best-ranked team and one "one-off" final between the two semi-final winners (venue drawn in advance between semi-final 1 and 2).

Seeding
Teams were allocated to League B according to their UEFA national team coefficients after the conclusion of the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifying group stage on 11 October 2017. Teams were split into three pots of four teams, ordered based on their UEFA national team coefficient. The seeding pots for the draw were announced on 7 December 2017.

The group draw took place at the SwissTech Convention Center in Lausanne, Switzerland on 24 January 2018, 12:00 CET. For political reasons, Russia and Ukraine could not be drawn into the same group (due to the Russian military intervention in Ukraine).

Groups
The fixture list was confirmed by UEFA on 24 January 2018 following the draw.

Times are CET/CEST, as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses).

Overall ranking
The 12 League B teams were ranked 13th to 24th overall in the 2018–19 UEFA Nations League according to the following rules:
 * The teams finishing first in the groups were ranked 13th to 16th according to the results of the league phase.
 * The teams finishing second in the groups were ranked 17th to 20th according to the results of the league phase.
 * The teams finishing third in the groups were ranked 21st to 24th according to the results of the league phase.

Prize money
The prize money to be distributed was announced in March 2018. Each team in League B received a solidarity fee of €1 million. In addition, the four group winners received double this amount with a €1M bonus fee. This meant that the maximum amount of solidarity and bonus fees for a team from League B was €2M.

Euro 2020 qualifying play-offs
The four best teams in League B according to the overall ranking that did not qualify for UEFA Euro 2020 through the qualifying group stage competed in the play-offs, with the winners qualifying for the final tournament. If there had been fewer than four teams in League B that had not qualified, the remaining slots would have been allocated to teams from another league, according to the overall ranking.

title: 2018–19 UEFA Nations League B


text:
Morant Point

Morant Point in Saint Thomas Parish is the easternmost point of mainland Jamaica and the site of Morant Point Lighthouse.

History
It is called Cape Morante on several early maps including one dated 1572. It has had the name Morant Point since at least 1671.

title: Morant Point


text:
Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee/CheckUser and Oversight/2019 CUOS appointments

The community consultation phase is closed. The Committee has announced the appointments. The current time and date is.

The Arbitration Committee is seeking to appoint additional editors to the CheckUser and Oversight teams.

Prospective applicants must be familiar with (i) policies relevant to CU and/or OS and (ii) the global privacy policy and related documents. They must have good communication and team-working skills. CheckUser candidates must be familiar with basic networking topics and with SPI tools and techniques, and preferably are willing to volunteer at ACC or UTRS. Applicants must also be:

 * available to regularly assist with the workload;
 * familiar with Wikipedia processes, policies, and guidelines;
 * an administrator on the English Wikipedia;
 * at least 18 years of age and have legal majority in their jurisdiction of residence;
 * willing to disclose all other accounts they have operated to the committee;
 * willing to agree to the WMF Access to Non-Public Information Policy (L37) and the OTRS Users Confidentiality Agreement (L45).

We welcome all applicants with suitable interest to apply, but this year we have particular need of applicants who are:

 * Familiar with common ISPs and editing patterns from Asia and Eastern Europe.
 * Familiar with IPv6.
 * Familiar with identification of factors that may change a result or block, such as ISP, location, activity, or type of network.
 * Experienced in analyzing behavioral evidence for sockpuppetry investigations.
 * Interested in mentoring editors who wish to become SPI clerks.
 * Active users of non-standard venues, such as IRC, the account creation interface, OTRS, and/or the Unblock Ticket Request System.
 * Interested in handling sockpuppetry investigations related to paid editing.

Applicants must be aware that they are likely to receive considerable internal and external scrutiny. External scrutiny may include attempts to investigate on- and off-wiki activities; previous candidates have had personal details revealed and unwanted contact made with employers and family. We are unable to prevent this and such risks will continue if you are successful.

Appointment process

 * Dates are provisional and subject to change

 * Applications: 23 Sept to 29 Sept
 * Candidates self-nominate by email to . Each candidate will receive an application questionnaire to be completed and returned to the arbcom-en-c mailing list before the nomination period ends. This should include a nomination statement, to a maximum of 250 words, for inclusion on the candidate's nomination sub-page(s).

 * Review period: 30 Sept to 2 Oct
 * The committee will review applications and ask the functionary team for their feedback.

 * Notification of candidates: 2 Oct to 3 Oct
 * The committee will notify candidates going forward for community consultation and create the candidate subpages containing the submitted nomination statements.

 * Community consultation: 4 Oct to 10 Oct
 * Nomination statements will be published and candidates invited to answer questions publicly. The community is invited to participate. Please note changes from previous consultation phases:

 * Editors may ask a maximum of two questions per candidate;
 * Editors may comment on each candidate with a limit of 500 words, including replies to other editors. Discussion will be sectioned and monitored by the Arbitration Committee and the clerks;
 * Please refrain from bolded votes, as this is a consultation and not a community consensus.

 * Comments may be posted on the candidates' subpages or submitted privately by email to . Editors are encouraged to include a detailed rationale, supported by relevant links where appropriate.

 * Appointments: by 14 Oct
 * The committee will review community comments and other relevant factors, finalize an internal resolution, and publish the resulting appointments. Successful candidates are required to sign the Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information prior to receiving permissions. Oversighters and CheckUsers who intend to work the OTRS paid editing queue must sign the OTRS Users Confidentiality Agreement.

=Candidates= To comment on candidates, please use section edit buttons to edit the appropriate candidate subpage(s).


text:
Hoilungia

Hoilungia is a genus that contains one of the simplest animals and belongs to the phylum Placozoa. Described in 2018, it has only one named species, H. hongkongensis, although there are possible other species. The animal superficially resembles another placozoan, Trichoplax adhaerens, but genetically distinct from it as mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed.

Hoilungia was discovered in brackish water from mangrove swamps in Hong Kong. These organisms are generally found in the biofilm surfaces in tropical and subtropical environments. Phylogenetically, they are placed closest to cnidarians. They are diploblastic animals and are believed to have dorso-ventral polarity along top and bottom body layers. Their body is overtly similar to oral-aboral axis of cnidarians.

Discovery
Trichoplax adhaerens was discovered by the German zoologist Franz Eilhard Schulze in 1883. But its identification as to what kind of animal it was (systematic position) was not known. Another German, Karl Gottlieb Grell, discovered the diversity of these animals and created a new phylum Placozoa, in 1971. Grell derived the name from the placula hypothesis, Otto Bütschli's notion on the origin of metazoans.

The advent of molecular techniques allowed genetic analysis of placozoans. The first important report in 2004 by a team of zoologists at the Institute of Animal Ecology & Cell Biology in Hannover, Germany, led by Allen G. Collins and Bernd Schierwater, indicated that placozoans known under T. adhaerens could be genetically many species. Schierwater, teaming up with Michael Eitel and Gert Wörheide from the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, made further studies and found that the specimen H13 was a different placozoan animal for which they introduced the genus Hoilungia, and the species H. hongkongensis, in 2018.

Etymology
The genus name is derived from the phrase "hoi lung", which means "sea dragon" in Cantonese. The species name is after Hong Kong from where it was discovered.

Structure
Hoilungia do not have well-defined body plan much like amoebas, unicellular eukaryotes. As Andrew Masterson reported, "[as other placozoans] they are as close as it is possible to get to being simply a little living blob." An individual body measures about 0.55 mm in diameter. There are no body parts; as Eitel described: "There's no mouth, there's no back, no nerve cells, nothing."

As do other placozoans, Hoilungia has only three anatomical parts as tissue layers inside its body: the upper, intermediate (middle) and lower epithelia. There are at least six different cell types. The upper epithelium is the thinnest portion and essentially comprises flat cells with their cell body hanging underneath the surface, and each cell having a cilium. Crystal cells are sparsely distributed near the marginal edge. Few cells have unusually large number of mitochondria. The middle layer is the thickest made up of numerous fiber cells, which contain mitochondrial complexes, vacuoles and endosymbiotic bacteria in the endoplasmic reticulum. The lower epithelium consists of numerous monociliated cylinder cells along with a few endocrine-like gland cells and lipophil cells. Each lipophil cell contains numerous middle-sized granules, one of which is a secretory granule.

The body axes of Hoilungia and Trichoplax are overtly similar to the oral–aboral axis of cnidarians, animals from another phylum with which they are most closely related. Structurally, they can not be distinguished from other placozoans, so that identification is purely on genetic (mitochondrial DNA) differences. Genome sequencing has shown that Hoilungia have 164 unique genes and 9 uniquely missing genes compared to other placozoans.

Nutrition
Hoilungia feed on algae, bacteria, yeast and other byproducts of biofilms. They feed from lower tissue layer which has various peptidergic gland cells.

Reproduction
Hoilungia reproduce asexually through binary fission and budding. They might also reproduce sexually.

Evolutionary history
Hoilungia and Trichoplax are considered one of the earliest branching animal lineages, and have relatively simple morphologies their complexity of NO-cGMP-mediated signaling is greater to those in vertebrates. This evidence has been found in their DNA by experimentation using ultra-sensitive capillary electrophoresis assays. The genomes of H. hongkongensis and other placozoans add support to the phylogenetic placement of the Placozoa as the most ancient (basal) animals in the tree of life.

title: Hoilungia


text:
Working effectively in an IT environment

if you're stuck for a photo, search on flickrCC

From the official document:
 * "This unit defines the competency required to work effectively within the IT environment of an organisation by researching and assembling information about the organisation's IT systems, equipment, software, policies and governance arrangements."

Basically, that means ... (translate above into plain english)

You can read more about this unit on the National Training Information Systems Official document for ICAW2001A.

This unit is a pre-requisite for the following qualifications:
 * Cert IV Websites Qualification in Australia

How this unit will help you
After learning and applying the skills required by this unit you'll be able to demonstrate your skills in:

 * translate the above elements and performance criteria into plain english and summarise here...

Ideas for learning the required skills
It is critical that you have some hands on experience. A great start would be a virtual machine. Watching videos pertaining to a specific device or course. Reading on the subject can only help understand it.

Ideas for demonstrating this unit
The best way to demonstrate these skills is ...

Grading
If you are demonstrating this unit as part of a formal course, you might find that the unit is graded (meaning you can not only demonstrate your competence, but can also gain a credit or distinction). Your facilitator may already have set criteria that your college uses. If not, here are some ideas for possible credit/distinction activities that you can discuss with your facilitator:


text:
Bruno Cirillo

Bruno "Brunillo" Cirillo (born 21 March 1977) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.

He moved clubs frequently throughout his career, spending two spells at AEK Athens and a further three years at PAOK, both in Greece, in addition to brief spells in Spain, Cyprus, France and India.

Cirillo played for Italy at under-21 level and was included in their squad for the 2000 Olympics.

Italy
Born in Castellammare di Stabia, Cirillo started his career in the ranks of Reggina, and started enjoying regular first-team football after a 1996–97 switch to Serie C2 Tricase Calcio. In the summer of 1998, he returned to Reggina and helped them to promotion to Serie A. The following season was even better, with Cirillo scoring twice in 32 matches and catching the eye of F.C. Internazionale Milano, joining in 2000. He appeared 24 times in his sole season in Milan before moving to U.S. Lecce for 6,000 million lire in co-ownership deal along with Giorgio Frezzolini for 2,500 million lire in co-ownership deal (swapped with Erminio Rullo of Lecce for 3,000 million lire in co-ownership deal and 5,500 million lire cash). In June 2002 Lecce acquired Cirillo (€306,000), Frezzolini (free) and Rullo (€151,000) outright.

Cirillo then returned to Reggina in 2002–03, rejoined Lecce and was loaned to A.C. Siena in quick succession.

AEK Athens
12 months later he switched again, this time to AEK Athens, and proved influential for the Greek runners-up spot in 2006 and 2007. He was a big fan favorite in Athens for his passion, and was under contract until 2008. However, on 29 April 2007 Cirillo played his last match with AEK against Skoda Xanthi in the Greek Super League. Right after the game, for which Cirillo was given the Man of the Match award, the much-spread rumours that he was leaving the club at the end of the season were confirmed.

Later career
On 4 July 2007, Cirillo signed a two-year deal for Spanish outfit Levante UD. In January 2008, due to Levante's inability to pay agreed wages he, alongside countryman Marco Storari left the club, with Cirillo signing for Reggina, the club where he grew as a player. Cirillo mutually terminated his contract with Reggina in June 2009, and later that month PAOK FC signed him until June 2011 on free transfer.

On 28 January 2013, Cirillo signed a six-month deal for French club FC Metz, with the option of a further year. This option was not taken, and on 26 August 2013, Cirillo signed a one-year private agreement for AEK Athens, returning to the club after six years away.

On 21 August 2014, Cirillo was the first pick in the Indian Super League Inaugural International Draft, signed by FC Pune City.

In 2015, he returned to Reggina, the club in which he started his career to finish his career there. He retired in 2015 and now he plans on becoming a manager in the future.

International career
Cirillo played every second of Italy's campaign at the 2000 Olympics in Australia, in which they reached the quarter-finals before elimination by Spain.

Personal life
Cirillo is married with the Greek actress and model Elena Asimakopoulou, and they have one daughter.

Honours
Italy U21
 * UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship: 2000

Reggina
 * Serie C1 Girone B: 1994–95

AEK Athens
 * Football League 2: 2014 (6th Group)

title: Bruno Cirillo


text:
List of PlayStation 4 games

This is a list of games that were released for the PlayStation 4 console.

There are currently  games across both lists.

title: List of PlayStation 4 games


text:
User:Chaitrali006

user name:chaitrali bhanage city:badlapur country:india education:hsc completed skills:reading books interest:watching tv

title: User:Chaitrali006


text:
Talk:Guitar/Bending and Vibrato

Vibrato: In a video interview BB King said that he does not use string Bending, but his style does include very heavy use of Vibrato to sustain notes (and please listeners). Demonstrating his Vibrato, his thumb was around the neck and his pinkie free (little finger unused) and sticking in the air when fretting with another finger, and he "wiggles" his hand such that you notice his pinkie wave. This wiggle transfers to the string without it seeming to move, and it is not bending or altering the pitch noticably (so this is different than the described repeated bend-release bend-release method; or this is a much less pronounced effect!). I believe his movement is "all in the wrist", and not especially elbow movement, but perhaps his arm is also slightly in motion (from the wrist area, up into his hand, then exaggerated at the extreme = pinkie wave).

title: Talk:Guitar/Bending and Vibrato


text:
Topic talk:Natural language processing

Well, this field I know about. But don't know how to begin. So, if anybody have questions we can start... --Jorge 21:58, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

I've been working over at Wikipedia for a while, so I don't know how things work here. Is this an open forum discussion? Rhmccullough 10:56, 28 June 2008 (UTC)

title: Topic talk:Natural language processing


text:
Battle of Two Flowers

Battle of Two Flowers (ပန်းနှစ်ပွင့်စီးချင်း) is a 2018 Burmese legal drama television series. It aired on MRTV, from January 3, to March 9, 2018, on every Wednesday, Thursday and Friday at 19:15 for 30 episodes.

Cast

 * Paing Phyo Thu as Shwe Zawar
 * May Barani Thaw as May Khattar
 * Soe Yan Aung as Theinkha
 * Htet Ko Ko Lin as La Pyae Aung
 * Marco as Ye Lin Htun
 * Yan Kyaw as U Ye Kyaw
 * Ko Ko Lin Maung as U Htut Khaung
 * Than Than Soe as Mother of May Khattar
 * Khin Thazin as Jessica

title: Battle of Two Flowers


text:
Talk:Sun Anke

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:55, 3 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Sun Anke.jpg

title: Talk:Sun Anke


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Talk:Historical Introduction to Philosophy/Personal Identity

For a start, Hume can be helpfully understood as what we might call a post-sceptical philosopher. Taking in to consideration that Hume's study of philosophy has seemed to convince him that other such philosophers such as Locke, Berkeley, and Bayle had taken more traditional metaphysics and epistemology to help reach their sceptical conclusions. It was these philosophers who first argued that philosophy is not able to provide with good reliable accounts the natures and relations of things. It was Locke, along with some of his followers that had reached the conclusion that our current knowledge of substance, wether they be material or immaterial, can be reduced to a vague discription as something, I know not what. It was Bayle who has argued that every possible concieveable theory of space and time, and for that fact every philosophical system, is incoherent.

I think this page needs to be divided
I'm not sure how to divide it, but there is a lot of text on this page. I think it is too long, and not divided properly, making it very difficult to know what information is on the page and difficult to navigate through it. Matthew Greyling 19:25, 27 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. I will divide it a little, Erkan Yilmaz uses the Chat (try) 09:41, 26 July 2008 (UTC)


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Talk:Eddie Mair

Untitled
On the newsletter a few days ago Eddie mentioned that he's 40. I took a guess at that meaning his birth year was 1965, but it could be 1966. Does anybody know anything more specific? Joe D (t) 04:51, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

I looked him up in Who's Who. He was born on November 12th 1965. I'll add it to the article. Crisso 14:09, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

Nationality and signoff
A couple of changes that may require further comment:

1. "Scottish" to "British" in the first line. Most English people are described as British in WP articles, so it seems only fair that Scots should get the same treatment; more importantly, he's a presenter on national radio, so British seems more appropriate. To my mind, at first glance "Scottish radio presenter" would imply that he mainly broadcasts on Scottish radio. The article goes on to say where he was born, so it's not as if information is being cut.

2. I deleted the following: He invariably ends his show with; "You've been listening to PM, we're back tomorrow at five. Our editors today were ..., studio production..., I'm Eddie Mair, from all of us, have a good evening / weekend."

Occasionally there is the addition of an amusing quote from or recap of the programme's content as the final sign-off. Most radio and TV presenters have set ways of introducing the programme or signing off, and Mair's PM sign-off isn't particularly unusual nor does it say much about his character, so it doesn't seem worthy of inclusion; in fact I don't think these are always his exact words (I'm sure he usually says "see you tomorrow"). Most news presenters also end with a recap of the main stories; Mair certainly does so with characteristic wit, but that's dealt with adequately in the previous paragraph. Oh yes, I also changed the description of his style from 'sarcastic and satirical' to 'witty and satirical', which I think is much more accurate (though I'm not sure about satirical). --Blisco 18:49, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

The famous PM Blog - or the frog as contributers like to call it
Added a link to the PM Bog - the biggest on the BBC website with more than 10,000 entries in its first six months. Andycroak 10:50, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

Sexuality
The article says that Mair is on the Independent on Sunday's Pink List 2013, and is categorized as LGBT people from Scotland and LGBT broadcasters, but nowhere is it mentioned that he is actually gay.

The Pink List is prefaced with "The judges decided that a Pink List contender can no longer simply be lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender and famous. They need to make a difference."

An article on the Guardian says "Being one of the first gay news presenters, it is possible that Mair senses the questions people plan to ask, and prefers – as Johnson does – not to discuss his personal life. Certainly he has never been noticeably outspoken on gay issues."

Mair is listed on the Pink Scotland List 2014, prefaced "celebrates 50 LGBT Scots who are making a difference to the life of the nation".

An article Mail On Sunday/Mail Online states in 2013 "A deeply private man, Mair rarely gives interviews. In 2006 he paid £675,000 for a mews house in Harrow, North-West London, with his partner Paul Kerley, who is a journalist working for BBC online. They have never talked about their relationship, although keep-fit fanatic Mair is a regular fixture in the annual Pink List of influential gays."

Herald Scotland says "Though he didn't exactly shout it from the rooftops, he made no secret of the fact that he was the Gay Frae Tay, comfortable in his own sexuality and happy in a steady relationship with another man."

Given all this evidence, why is his homosexuality not stated? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:26, 30 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Perhaps because it is not one of his defining features. How many heterosexual people have it explicitly stated? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:14, 20 November 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Eddie Mair. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060222095820/http://www.theworld.org:80/about/alumni.shtml to http://www.theworld.org/about/alumni.shtml

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 01:58, 10 January 2016 (UTC)

Appearance
Does anyone have a more recent photo for the infobox? He's lost a lot of weight since 2009. --Ef80 (talk) 10:15, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eddie Mair


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Talk:alcohol

Etymology of alcohol

 * See also: Wikipedia talk on Etymology
 * Reformated
 * Nils von Barth (nbarth) (talk) 20:13, 31 December 2008 (UTC)

I have some doubts about the etymology. Alcohol refers to that chemical substance contained in drinks and perfumes among other uses. I think alcohol actually comes from Arabic: al ghoul http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84 ghoul and ghaal from Arabic means to take away or to cover something, Arabs used the term to refer to alcoholic beverages as well as to describe the mind altering affect of alcohol because it takes away or covers the mind.

have a look at the Quran surah number 37 (AL Saffat) verse numbers 45 - 47

http://www.ahadees.com/english-surah-37.html

45. There will be a round of a flowing drink cup before their eyes. 46. White coloured, delicious to those who drink. 47. Wherein neither there is intoxication and nor their heads will become giddy wherewith.

God is describing heaven and that one of its bounties is that there will be abundant drink that does not "intoxicate" and in another translation "causes headiness". the arabic word used for it is ghoul.

how alcohol came about from ghoul? it was probably a pronunciation problem because English doesn't have the Arabic letter "ghaa" and when the Arabic word "al ghoul" is spoken by an English speaker it would come out as al goohl or alcohol. Which is not powder of Antimony (Arabic al kuhl).

-

=== the current Arabic word for alcohol which is al kuhool is actually re-introduced from the west from the original al ghoul. ===

The source of the English word alcohol comes from the Arabic word al ghoul not from the current Arabic word al kuhool which is actually a semi modern introduction from the English alcohol which in turn was modified from the original Arabic word al ghoul.

Edit: i found that this is already mentioned in the wiki of alcohol http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol#Etymology

-

 * We use the standard etymology, not POV revisionism. Robert Ullmann 15:22, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

If by "standard etymology" you mean the one printed in most if not all English dictionaries since their beginning then please remember that the one who put it is only human and i can see how easily it is to mix up alcohol with al kuhl since they have very similar pronunciation.

This is not POV revisionism, I'm giving you a case and explaining and giving evidence, dictionary entries are not beyond revision and change. words can be deformed while passing from one language to another due to different pronunciations and letters.

Take the Spanish alforno for example, it came from Arabic al furn, yet Spanish has added the o at the end due to their language specifics. there are a lot of examples and between many different languages, i can't recount all of them but have a look how some German words morphed and changed when used in English.

I have no political, cultural, religious or any other ulterior agenda besides attempting to point out what seems to me to be an error that was overlooked or unknown.

 * You are overlooking the fact that the word alcohol did not always mean what it does today. When the word was first used in English, it meant collyrium (antimony sulfide), which you will recognize as كحل. It did not get its modern meaning until about 200 years ago. After it came to mean ethanol, it was re-introduced into Arabic as الكحول, which was then related to كحل by the process of backformation. —Stephen 20:53, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I say we stick with the traditional etymology, which is and has almost always been, that of the collyrium used for painting the eyes. Despite its old meaning, it is still, to my awareness the only REAL etymology of our “alcohol”.—Strabismus 23:55, 15 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Let me share with you part of the entry on alcohol in the work Dictionary of Word Origins by Joseph Shipley (1945):
 *  alcohol.
 * When a happy drinker refers to his liquor as “eye wash,” he little knows how exact his expression falls. Alcohol is from Arab. al, the + koh’l (Heb. kahhal, to stain, paint), a fine black powder (collyrium) for painting the eyelids. The word kohl is still used in this sense.
 * Applied later to any fine powder, the word alcohol was then used also of liquids extracted, distilled or “rectified”—that is, the spirit or quintessence of a substance. Since the most common of these was spirit of wine, the term came to be applied to the spirituous or intoxicating element in any liquor.    In 1834 Dumas and Péligot, in France, demonstrated the relation of spirit of wine with “wood-spirit” (wood alcohol, methyl alcohol, CH3; and the term came into its chemical use indicating a large group of related substances (CH3; C2H5; C3H7; etc. CH4; C2H6; C3H8; etc.) not all of which are liquid.
 * Intertangled in part of its history with the word alcohol is L. collyrium, from Gr. kollyrion, poultice, eye-salve, from diminutive of Gr. kollyra, a roll of coarse bread. (Country folk still make a little ball of the inside dough of a roll, to lay on a sore eye.) Ben Jonson (in The Fortunate Isles, 1624) uses collyrium for alcohol, as a coloring for the eyelids; this use persists to the end of the 19th century. And truly alcohol has colored many an eye!
 * Pretty interesting, huh?—Strabismus 03:40, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

"An impalpable powder"
Webster 1913's first definition for alcohol is "(obsolete) An impalpable powder". What does this mean? Any powder that's extremely fine, or something else? Equinox ◑ 14:46, 30 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Yes, any very fine powder. —Stephen (Talk) 14:55, 30 November 2011 (UTC)

 * ✅ Equinox ◑ 04:04, 27 October 2013 (UTC)

"olcohol" pronunciation
Can someone give some sourced, verifiable information on the /ɑl-/ pronunciation, since it's not in any dictionary and deviates from 300+ years of usage of the word. Is it restricted to the U.S.? Is it considered acceptable? How common is it? Is it regional? Is it associated with a particular age group? In my experience (United States), it just sounds absurd and I've never heard one educated speaker use it. I do admit that I've heard it from children and teenagers, but that alone doesn't make it worth mentioning, let alone acceptable. For what it's worth, this educated speaker regards /ɑl-/ as a speech error; I believe that the vast majority of educated speakers would agree, though. Anyway, I just boldly removed the offending variant pronunciation from the wiktionary entry; please don't bring it back until these issues are addressed. Thank you. Stick Daze (talk) 00:22, 18 August 2015 (UTC)
 * It definitely exists. The only specific person I know who pronounces it that way is from Chicago, but I hear it occasionally from people I meet or on TV. Anyway, at Wiktionary we document everything, not just the speech of "educated speakers". --WikiTiki89 03:11, 18 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Merriam-Webster, Cambridge, Oxford, Dictionary.com, and MacMillan all only have the /æ/ pronunciation. Can we find a reference for /ɑ-/? - -sche (discuss) 03:26, 18 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Well, simply put, educated speakers are those who "make the rules." Just because what you think is a variant pronunciation has some currency based on impressionistic evidence doesn't mean we have to mention it without comment alongside the established usage, especially given that no source can be found (not yet, at least) in authoritative publications, or even on the internet, for that matter. Make no mistake: I'm all for descriptive linguistics, but descriptive dictionaries have usage notes clarifying the actual use of alternative forms and, perhaps more importantly, to what extent they are regarded as acceptable by editors, news anchors, and, more broadly, educated speakers--or even the masses.  That's part of what being "descriptive" is about, after all.
 * As for the case at hand, none of the published works we know of have any information on the /ɑ-/ pronunciation. Therefore we have no references as of yet, and until we do, whatever you or I might say about this particular variant pronunciation is sheer speculation; and speculation doesn't really serve the purpose of "documenting everything," if we are to do it, as I suppose, with a minimum of credibility, reliability, and accuracy, lest Wiktionary become a grab bag where the line between sound and noise is blurred. And since we are speculating, I may hypothesize that the /ɑ-/ variant may have some currency in and around Chicago and possibly other parts of the Midwest because of the Northern Cities Shift (NCS), which makes /ˈɑlkəhɔl/ as pronounced by a speaker of that particular dialect sound pretty much like /ˈælkəhɑl/ would for most other North American speakers. If a kid growing up with the NCS learns the word alcohol by hearing it in isolation from a non-NCS speaker and tries to replicate it in his/her own dialect, the result will likely be /ˈɑlkəhɔl/. Again, this is speculation. As a matter of fact, I just found a guy on Youtube named James Norton who uses that pronunciation and--unsurprisingly--speaks with a Midwestern accent, and--equally unsurprisingly--is regularly ridiculed by YouTube users (the masses, the hoi polloi) for his pronunciation of alcohol.  (He also pronounces milk as /mɛlk/, but that is a well-documented usage found in parts of the Midwest, particularly the Upper Midwest and possibly Canada.)
 * Again, I request that the /ɑ-/ variant be removed until a reputable reference is found. I could be bold and do it myself, but I consider myself a nice guy and not just an educated speaker. :) Stick Daze (talk) 19:37, 18 August 2015 (UTC)
 * I have no problem with qualifying the pronunciation as nonstandard or regional or something. I will check DARE at the library when I get a chance (might not be for a few weeks). --WikiTiki89 22:15, 18 August 2015 (UTC)
 * The DARE project would be a great source, since it consists of an enormous body of work collected over several decades. If you find something there it means that it's got some kind of dialectal basis and that it's not just a mispronunciation popped up in recent years (as I think it is, for what it's worth). An alternative theory would be that this is part of a larger trend of substitutions of short-o for short-a before /l/ in words spelled with al, for example genealogy (where /ɑ/ now predominates), Halloween (where /ɑ/ is becoming the more common of the two), and nostalgia (where /ɑ/ is still in the minority but slowly gaining ground). It's probably safe to say that the short-o pronunciations started out as errors in all of these examples, albeit for different reasons; but if most educated speakers don't think that it's worthwhile to resist the change, well, let the chips fall where they may.  There's no better reason to hold on to /ælkəhɑl/ than there is (or was) for any of the /æ/'s in those three examples, except perhaps that the trend as a whole is headed toward the loss of the /æl/~/ɑl/ contrast, which is a potential source of confusion, as neutralization usually is.  Stick Daze (talk) 22:59, 18 August 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:alcohol


text:
2017 European Women's U-17 Handball Championship

The 2017 European Women's U-17 Handball Championship was the 13th edition, which took place in Slovakia. Germany won the first title by defeating Norway in the final.


text:
Portal:Czech

{| cellpadding="25" cellspacing="25" style="width: 100%; background-color:inherit;" ! style="background-color: #eeeeff; border: 1px solid #777777; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" colspan="2" |

Welcome to the Czech Language Page (český jazyk)

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Department of the Czech Language
Welcome to the Czech language at Wikiversity, part of the Center for Foreign Language Learning and the School of Language and Literature.

Introduction to the Czech Language

Czech [ʧɛk] (čeština [ˈʧɛʃ.cɪ.na]) is one of the West Slavic languages, along with Slovak and Polish. It is spoken by most people in the Czech Republic and by Czechs all over the world (about 12 million native speakers in total). Czech is relatively close to Slovak.

In fact, because the Czech Republic (in red) and Slovakia (in blue) were united in a federation for most of the 20th century, citizens of either state are able to understand the other language. This is changing since the velvet divorce between the two states.

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Language References
Czech Language - learning project main page

Pronunciation

 * How do the Czech pronounce their letters?

Typing Accents

 * Locate general information on how to type Czech characters in all contexts (including Microsoft Word).
 * Locate information on how to type Czech diacritical marks specifically in Microsoft Word.

Verb conjugation

 * Czech/Verbs

Vocabulary

 * Cardinal Numbers.
 * Ordinal Numbers.
 * Colors.
 * Months & Dates.
 * Mnemonics.

False Friends with Czech
False friends are pairs of words in two languages that look and/or sound similar, but differ in meaning. At the very least, they make learning the language more difficult. At worst, the wrong word may change the entire meaning of your sentence. There are few false friends between Czech and English. There are, however, more between Czech and other Slavonic languages. Wikibooks provides the following lists of false friends.

 * Czech-Slavonic
 * Czech-Macedonian
 * Czech-Croat
 * Czech-Russian
 * Czech-Polish
 * Czech-Slovak

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Streams

 * Czech Language Stream

Current Courses

 * None yet

Planned Courses

 * Czech 000
 * Czech 100
 * Czech 200

To Do List

 * 1) Incorporate Wikibooks materials into the Czech Department.
 * 2) Get rid of the red links on this page.
 * 3) Get rid of the "Locates" on this page.
 * 4) Get rid of the "None yets" on this page.

Department news

 * September 28, 2007 - Department founded!
 * I created three Czech language templates so that you can show your support of this WikiProject.

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 * }

title: Portal:Czech