text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Indonesia

Problem word "Acting"
I see that in every province led by an acting governor (example Jakarta), there is the word "Acting" in the "Acting Governor" section. In my opinion, this positioning is not appropriate, because if it is led by a definitive governor then I am afraid readers will misunderstand that it is still led by an official. I suggest it is better to just use the word "Acting" after the name so that editors can understand the meaning of the word. Thank You

Example the word "Acting" after a name Baqotun0023 (talk) 01:15, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Israel
 * Frankfurt (per 27 March 2023)
 * South Korea (per 22 April 2017)

AfD's
Recently I nominated several articles for deletion on WikiProject Deletion sorting/Indonesia, I'd like to invite you all to participate on AfD discussion. Thank you. Ckfasdf (talk) 06:14, 22 March 2024 (UTC)

 * Excellent work, there is never enough checking of existing or new articles for eligibility to stay or go so to speak, thanks for your hard work! There seem to be none of the usual suspects at the afds at this stage, It is always hard to know whether they will re-surface at some point (or not). JarrahTree 06:20, 22 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Thank you. It'll be very appreciated if or other member of WikiProject Indonesia could participate on AfD discussion. Ckfasdf (talk) 06:28, 3 April 2024 (UTC)

Flag
We should have flags in infoboxes. It doesn't make any sense to not allow official flags in them. Eehuiio (talk) 11:34, 27 March 2024 (UTC)

 * flagcruft has been gone through a few times before in the last 15 years or more, and whether this project has a policy or not is not appreciated by the football editors who are in a world of their own, regardless... It would be interesting to see if editors involved in the discussions about flags in info boxes in the past return here, or not. JarrahTree 12:07, 27 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Not sure what flags we talking about but I'm always in the opinion that provincial (and other flags) should be on infoboxes. So, I second this gesture of having flags in infoboxes. - EvoSwatch (talk) 06:07, 7 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I also agree with this (as I was initially the one that directed @Eehuiio to open discussion here regarding past consensus about flags). Even if they are supposedly "little of value", provincial flags, cities and regencies flags, if have their existance proven, should be allowed to be put inside their respective infoboxes. Nyanardsan (talk) 11:10, 7 April 2024 (UTC)
 * If it's hard to prove their existence, that doesn't lend much credence that they are WP:DUE in an infobox. CMD (talk) 12:49, 7 April 2024 (UTC)
 * The provincial flag essentially consists of the provincial logo displayed on a flag. However, a key concern lies in the background color of the flag, as it appears to vary depending on... only God knows who. Ideally, if there were regulations clearly outlining the specifications for each individual provincial flag, then I would support including the flag in the infobox. Please note that despite having clear regulations, discrepancies can still arise, as evidenced by the case of "Papua Pegunungan," where the regulations specify a green background color, while the flag available on Commons displays a yellow background color. Ckfasdf (talk) 02:41, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
 * https://papuadalamberita.com/mendagri-lantik-ali-baham-temongmere-jadi-penjabat-gubernur-papua-barat/
 * That should confirm all of them. Eehuiio (talk) 23:39, 9 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I don't think so. I had trouble identifying most provincial flags in the picture, and the discrepancy issue I mentioned earlier still hasn't been resolved. Ckfasdf (talk) 00:10, 10 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I'll help. Left to right:
 * Aceh | Sumatra Utara | Sumatra Selatan | Bengkulu | Sumatra Barat | Lampung | Riau | Bangka Belitung | Jambi | Kepulauan Riau | Banten | D.K.I. Jakarta | Jawa Barat | Jawa Tengah | D.I. Yogyakarta
 * Jawa Timur | Kalimantan Tengah | Kalimantan Barat | Nusa Tenggara Timur | Nusa Tenggara Barat | Bali | Kalimantan Selatan | Kalimantan Timur | Kalimantan Utara | Gorontalo | Sulawesi Tenggara
 * Sulawesi Tengah | Sulawesi Utara | Sulawesi Selatan | Sulawesi Barat | Maluku Utara(?) | Maluku | Papua Barat | Papua Tengah | Papua Barat Daya | Papua | Papua Pegunungan | Papua Selatan
 * Bold = correct, and on wiki already.
 * Bold & Italic = minor discrepancies but still correct. (e.g. Sumatra Selatan different shade of green or Coat of Arms look different)
 * Italic = Incorrect. (e.g. wrong colour entirely)
 * I think the correct ones that we already have in Wikimedia could be used in infoboxes.
 * Sources:
 * - EvoSwatch (talk) 03:39, 3 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I've created a table for flag verification on my sandbox page. We can use it to verify all provincial flags. Once all flags are reviewed, we can revisit our previous discussion. How does that sound? 09:19, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Sounds great! - EvoSwatch (talk) 15:52, 4 May 2024 (UTC)

Translation and Regency - City - Kecamatan articles
There are things that's been bothering me for a while. So I will put two issues I'd like to discuss with other active members of WP:Indonesia.

 * First issue:

This is pretty much unanimous i believe but still problematic. We translated "kabupaten" as "regency", becaucse thats how it should be, and that for a time mistranslation as "district" was done by foreign sources or badly translated ones most of the time. However, Statistics Indonesia have been translating "kabupaten" as "district" and "kecamatan" as "subdistrict" for a good few years now and considering they basically is the most official way to know things about Indonesian regencies, what do we do now? Adjust it to BPS translation? But thats such a dumb translation and then we'll find a lot of incosistency especially on how kecamatan is literally "distrik" in Papua, and that there's so much to change if we decide to agree with BPS translation.

 * Second issue.

How do we standarize translation on kabupaten and kecamatan names? Do we translate them to English or leave it as it is? Why do we translate kecamatan names and to what extend? I've seen kecamatan named "something kota" written as "something town", but then there are some that are not. There are kecamatan named "Hulu" and "Hilir" that are then translated into "Upper" and "Lower" but we dont translate Kapuas Hulu Regency into Upper Kapuas Regency (and if we do it feels kinda wrong to translate it). But for West East South North we translated it on regency names such as North Central Timor Regency but then we sometimes dont do it on kecamatan and leave it as "Kecamatan something Selatan". Should the kecamatan naming convention follows regency naming convention? We translate cardinal directions but nothing else, or maybe there's other way to do it?

I think that's all issues i'm bringing up for now. Apologize for bothering. Thank you very much

Nyanardsan (talk) 09:16, 30 March 2024 (UTC)

 * Regarding the first question, the gist I get from official and academic sources is that there's absolutely no consensus - and it doesn't help that English Wikipedia has used "regency" for almost 20 years. If the common translation was "district" in 2000, a pseudo-citogenesis has certainly moved the needle towards "regency" by now, and the idea of moving close to a thousand pages to a marginally less common translation doesn't appeal too much.
 * Not to mention we've been lately translating "Kecamatan" to District, and then we'd have to change that, too. But then, we have Papuan actual "Distrik"… Juxlos (talk) 01:48, 31 March 2024 (UTC)
 * The use of Regency over Kabupaten is not (pseudo-)citogenesis. A lazy search in Google Scholar gives 112 hits for "Cirebon Regency" from the Wikipedia-free 20th century, but only 18 for "Kabupaten Cirebon" in the same period. For this century, I used the phrase test (which is more reliable than using the built-in language filter of Google Scholar): "in Cirebon Regency" yields 732 results, "in Kabupaten Cirebon" only 25. The change in ratio from 6:1 to 29:1 might in part be driven by usage in Wikipedia, but the latter maximally has reinforced a clear terminological preference that existed before the introduction of the Web. –Austronesier (talk) 18:14, 31 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Shouldn't you be testing "Regency" against "District"? That is just a language test there. Juxlos (talk) 00:50, 3 April 2024 (UTC)

yeah, it is very difficult - see Kulon Progo -

Kulon Progo Regency is divided into twelve districts (kapanewon), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census[2] and the 2020 census,[3] together with the official estimates as at mid 2022.[4] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages (classed as kalurahan) in each district, and its post code

So the variants in different 'umbrella articles', and articles about various regions have variants of explanation, so it is potentially not easily resolvable.

so it's at all levels... JarrahTree 12:31, 30 March 2024 (UTC)

 * WP:RSUEQ states that Translations published by reliable sources are preferred over translations by Wikipedians and I believe this should be a general translation guideline.
 * Regarding your first question, could you provide a source or link demonstrating that BPS translates "Kelurahan" as district? To my knowledge, BPS translates "Kabupaten" as regency, while "Kota" is variably translated as city or municipality, as shown in examples 1 and 2.
 * As for your second question, I prefer to retain original names without translation. Thus, for North Central Timor Regency, it should be rendered as "Timor Tengah Utara Regency," and this consistent with following sources 1, 2, 3, 4 and many more. Ckfasdf (talk) 13:27, 30 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Answering only the second part, we should go with reliable sources on a case-by-case basis. Some smaller entities are almost never discussed in English-language sources, in which case we should use the Indonesian name. It's not of any help for our readers when we e.g. talk about "East Rantebulahan" when this name for the district is virtually unknown beyond machine-translated web content (and perfunctorily machine-translated abstracts of lesser academic works). Or another example, it took some time before it rang a bell when I came across "Far Southeast" (= Tenggara Jauh, and old term for Southwest Maluku) in a paper. Only if English translations have gained some currency beyond such "non-content", we can consider to use them. –Austronesier (talk) 14:04, 30 March 2024 (UTC)
 * @Austronesier Apologize for late reply. No I meant that some BPS documents translated "Kabupaten" as "District"; and some "Kecamatan" as "Subdistrict". Here's an example by South Barito Regency BPS branch translating Kecamatan Dusun Selatan to "Dusun Selatan Subdistrict" Nyanardsan (talk) 03:10, 1 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Just a comment based on the link above, it seems that publication still translate "Kabupaten" as Regency as mentioned in the abstract The publication “Dusun Selatan Subdistrict in Figures 2019” is a continuation of previouspublications that are published periodically by BPS-Statistics of Barito Selatan Regency". So, I don't really see the issue. Ckfasdf (talk) 03:42, 1 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I believe it has been well-established in Districts of Indonesia that the use of "subdistrict" to describe kecamatan is an artifact of the Dutch colonial designation of onderdistrict. Furthermore, there is no guideline on Wikipedia that instructs us to use official translations. Certainly, in many cases, an official translation guides how a word is used in the wider public, but if the wealth of English-language reliable sources use a different translation, the second option takes priority. This would apply to the second question regarding translations of place names as well. Fortunately, there is more abundant precedence of not translating cardinal directions in place names from Japan, e.g. Nishitokyo versus West Tokyo, Higashiōsaka versus East Osaka, Higashi-Nakano Station versus East Nakano Station, etc. — Arsonal (talk + contribs) — 17:29, 2 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Alright then, thank you. So I suppose the consensus is we translate "kabupaten" as "regency" like usual, as well as "kecamatan" as "district", while also not translating cardinal directions on the name of districts unless stated else by majority of public English-language translation (?) Nyanardsan (talk) 07:34, 3 April 2024 (UTC)
 * It seems the case has been closed, but I would like to cast my opinion regardless. I second this answer by Ckfasdf for the second question. I prefer to retain native/original names. "North Central Timor" sounds very mouthful and confusing. Also I'm biased towards enhancing the use of Bahasa Indonesia when I can so that hopefully it became mainstream and be improved further. -EvoSwatch (talk) 06:07, 6 April 2024 (UTC)
 * There is never closure on this, despite any claims to contrary. The problem is endless - and a lot depends on what is considered acceptable by specific editors at a point in time. There rarely is consensus, as just when a group of editors think they agree, another editor who is not in phase with something along the line of this noticeboard, will come along and change usage, and again the issue carries on regardless of any conversation here.

 * The spelling of Sukarno/Soekarno, Soeharto/Suharto for instance.

 * I do think that the conversation need to continue, with or without reliable sources, and lets hope it continues, in WP:AGF. JarrahTree 06:23, 6 April 2024 (UTC)

Requested move at Talk:? (film)
There is a requested move discussion at Talk:? (film) that may be of interest to members of this WikiProject. RodRabelo7 (talk) 23:44, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

Source dispute on Djong (ship) Talk Page
I have request RfC Talk:Djong (ship) on a "History and geography" request for comment. Anyone interested can give their comments and review the evidence presented by me and Nitekuzee, thank you! Merzostin (talk) 10:40, 13 April 2024 (UTC)

“lakipadada” or “lakipadaja”
Can anyone here help me with the historical charts called “lakipadada” or “lakipadaja” (primarily from Sulawesi) that I asked about here? ◅ Sebastian Helm 🗨 18:30, 16 April 2024 (UTC) There is an article at Lakipadada, but that seems to be a different topic. ◅ Sebastian Helm 🗨 18:34, 16 April 2024 (UTC)

Nartosabdo
Hi, I'm trying to draft an article about Ki Nartosabdo but, not being an Indonesian or Javanese speaker, I'm not clear on spellings. What's the preferred spelling? jv.wikipedia has Narto Sabdo but id.wikipedia has Nartosabdo, and some sources have Nartosabdho. Similarly what about Sunarto vs Soenarto? AlmostReadytoFly (talk) 15:13, 25 April 2024 (UTC)
 * , For article title, I believe we can refer to Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles which states For dead people, whichever name is the most common in English-language discussions should be used. And according to Google trend data, it seems "Narto Sabdo" is more commonly used. However, we can put all three spelling name in the article itself, like in Sukarno and Suharto. Just FYI, Nartosabdo's tombstone uses "Nartosabdho". Ckfasdf (talk) 23:30, 25 April 2024 (UTC)

Invitation to the 2024 Developing Countries WikiContest
Hello, everyone! I'd like to invite you all to sign up for the upcoming 2024 Developing Countries WikiContest. The event runs from July 1 to September 30 and signups close on July 15. The WikiContest focuses on developing countries, which Indonesia is a part of. The intention is to improve the English Wikipedia's coverage and comprehension of articles related to developing countries. For this reason, you may also expect that articles related to Indonesia may be heavily edited during the contest. More information on how points will be awarded can be found at 2024 Developing Countries WikiContest/Scoring. For comments or suggestions, please don't hesitate to reach out to Wikipedia talk:2024 Developing Countries WikiContest. Thank you! (Copied with permission of Chlod) CMD (talk) 12:29, 13 May 2024 (UTC)

Merger discussion for Committee of Nine (Indonesia)
Hi everyone - It would be great to get some more eyes on the merge discussion at Talk:Jakarta Charter. The proposed merge (of Committee of Nine (Indonesia) into the main Jakarta Charter article) could use some more opinions. Hope to see you over there. Ckfasdf (talk) 22:13, 2 June 2024 (UTC)

Sad news
With regret, I bring the news that User:Hanif Al Husaini has recently passed away. He had listed himself as a participant of this Wikiproject. You can leave comments on User talk:Hanif Al Husaini.  starship .paint  (RUN) 01:10, 18 June 2024 (UTC)

Name of Candra Wijaya
Hi, the article Candra Wijaya has a hatnote which claims that this individuals family name is "Candra Wijaya", is this accurate? Are they a single double family name or a case of two family names used by a person? The Wikidata item for the individual seems to treat "Candra" as a given name. ★Trekker (talk) 17:55, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

Related discussion regarding Indonesian names
Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Anthroponymy ~WikiOriginal-9~  ( talk ) 17:02, 12 July 2024 (UTC)

Indonesian place at AfD
There is an ongoing deletion discussion concerning a place in Indonesia. The article has no sources, but I see that the Indonesian Wikipedia version of the article has some. Could someone add these to the English article to save it from deletion? Un assiolo (talk) 23:09, 20 July 2024 (UTC)

 * One is an unrelated list of provinces which won't help. The other is a statistics publication which while useful won't help with notability. A couple of better sources have been shared at the AfD already, although more would be useful. CMD (talk) 00:39, 21 July 2024 (UTC)
 * The major problem was that about 2012 a large number of stubs were created for lower level places in Jakarta and other places in Indonesia, and they stayed more less untouched. The next level up - the Cengkareng and similar articles are - as far as the problem of notability and verifiability is concerned, covered by associations with historical events within their area, that can be verified.  As the editing in the Jakarta lower level locations has never been systematically reviewed, it is likely that a process of deciding either here or whereever, should consider whether low level stubs are justifiable for Jakarta or not. There would have been a particular pertinent perspective on a capital that is being possibly supplanted by the Kalimantan location in the future, to gain a snapshot of the governance and administrative structure of the country capital, while it still is that, if it remains capital or not.  JarrahTree 02:40, 21 July 2024 (UTC)
 * To be fair, Duri Kosambi has 100,000 people - not exactly hard to expect something and it's not like it's a kelurahan in some kabupaten town. I will see if I can expand the article later. Juxlos (talk) 10:03, 21 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Indonesia


text:
Let You Down (NF song)

"Let You Down" is a song performed by American rapper and songwriter NF and is his most successful song to date. It serves as the third single from his third studio album, Perception, released on September 14, 2017. Available for digital download and streaming, it also includes an audio video.

The song is NF's highest-charting song to date, peaking at No. 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 and topping the Pop Songs chart. As well as reaching mainstream charts internationally, "Let You Down" charted on Billboard's Hot Christian Songs and Hot Rhythmic Songs, reaching the No. 1 spot on the former chart. It is his first song to be certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. It was later certified 8× platinum in the US, and also reached multi-platinum in several other countries, including Canada and Australia.

Song history
"Let You Down" was produced by David Garcia and Tommee Profitt. NF wrote the song about his relationship with his father and how he did not want to disappoint him, making it the first time he had publicly spoken about his relationship with his father, who raised him as a child. His parents went through a divorce, and his mother overdosed years later.

Music video
The official music video was released on November 9, 2017, on NF's Vevo channel.

The music video was directed and produced by Nathan Feuerstein (NF's real name) and Patrick Tohill. Given the song's lyrical content, the visual focus is on the relationship between an older Nate and his younger self. The clip shows an older man, presumably his future self, standing on a dock looking at a lake, while a fully clothed NF drowns right in front of him. As he flails and tries to keep from going under, the man just looks at him, and doesn't help. Then, the same man is seen staring at NF who is trapped in a burning car. As it's engulfed in flames, the man again makes no move to help. Then we see the older man in a field, staring into a freshly dug grave. Inside the grave is a coffin, and NF is inside, dead. The older man seems upset by this, and falls to his knees. In the final shot, the older man is back on the dock, looking at NF drowning once again. The camera switches views to an identical tattoo that NF has. Then a woman approaches him on the dock and says, "Nathan?"

Chart performance
"Let You Down" reached No. 1 on the Hot Christian Songs and Mainstream Top 40 charts. It also reached No. 12 on the US Billboard Hot 100, NF's first entry on the chart. The song achieved international success, charting in the UK, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Norway, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, New Zealand and Ireland.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Let You Down (NF song)


text:
User:<IP_ADDRESS>/sandbox

Pros: Does a good job of detailing how the town came to be Informs the reader about the various sides of events in the town’s past Avoids bias Provides a detailed timeline of the town’s history

Cons Does not contain too much current data on the people in Little Compton Does not reference any of the businesses in Little Compton Does not mention any of the Clubs located in Little Compton

Link to Article in Question: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Compton,_Rhode_Island#References

title: User:173.66.241.5/sandbox


text:
Jedit X

Jedit X is a commercial text editor made in Japan by Artman21. It is a complete re-write of Jedit 4.0 in the Cocoa API. Jedit has been around since 1995 and is a general purpose text editor, with extra features related to supporting the Japanese language. It is available in both English and Japanese localizations.

Overview
The standard text editing software for Classic Mac OS / macOS. It has a wide range of users, from application developers and web coders to writers and editors.

In the Classic Mac OS era, Jedit was called Jedit, and versions 1 through 4 existed. Rattles.

Jedit X 1.0 was released, resetting the version numbering from Jedit X, which was developed in Cocoa exclusively for Mac OS X. Plug-ins were released from Jedit X, and users can add or remove plug-ins according to their preferences to make it a multifunctional editor. Jedit X is now available as Jedit X 1.0.

title: Jedit X


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ashkona

The result was   redirect to Dhaka. Nakon 20:20, 6 March 2015 (UTC)

Ashkona

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

I couldn't establish that this meets WP:NPLACE or WP:GNG, but perhaps it's clearer with access to Asian languages? Creator was banned for creating 'nonsense articles.' This has been tagged for notability for six and a half years, so time for a discussion. I could find no good merge or redirect target. Boleyn (talk) 10:04, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Bangladesh-related deletion discussions. N ORTH A MERICA 1000 13:10, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.
 * Delete -- as confirmed by following the geo-coordinates: a non-notable neighborhood or development in Dhaka. —  Noah  23:30, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, -- Sam Sing! 10:26, 16 February 2015 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, -- Sam Sing! 01:41, 23 February 2015 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, –  nafSadh did say 21:58, 27 February 2015 (UTC)
 * delete does not meet WP:NPLACE. LibStar (talk) 04:44, 1 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete Fails WP:NPLACE.Pharaoh of the Wizards (talk) 20:31, 3 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment - This is unquestionably a neighborhood of Dhaka LINK, so there should be no worries about a hoax. I leave it to others to determine whether this meets Keep criteria for an inhabited place. I found the number of Google hits impressive. Carrite (talk) 13:31, 6 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Dhaka without prejudice to future recreation should sources emerge is the smart play, I think. Carrite (talk) 13:33, 6 March 2015 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ashkona


text:
User:Anurag548/sandbox

Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO) is a multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed by Hidden Path Entertainment and Valve Corporation. It is the fourth game in the Counter-Strike series and was released for Microsoft Windows, OS X, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3 on August 21, 2012, while the Linux version was released in 2014.

The game pits two teams against each other: the Terrorists and the Counter-Terrorists. Both sides are tasked with eliminating the other while also completing separate objectives. The Terrorists, depending on the game mode, must either plant the bomb or defend the hostages, while the Counter-Terrorists must either prevent the bomb from being planted, defuse the bomb, or rescue the hostages. There are nine game modes, all of which have distinct characteristics specific to that mode. The game also has matchmaking support that allows players to play on dedicated Valve servers, as well as allowing members of the community to host their own servers with custom maps and game modes. A battle-royale game-mode, "Danger Zone", was introduced in 2018.

Global Offensive received positive reviews from critics on release, who praised for its gameplay and faithfulness to predecessors, though it was criticized for some of its early features and was noted for differences between the console and PC versions. Since its release, it has drawn in an estimated 11 million players per month, and has gathered an active competitive scene, with many tournaments sponsored by Valve themselves. In December 2018, Valve transitioned the game to a free-to-play model, focusing on revenue from cosmetic items.

title: User:Anurag548/sandbox


text:
Management Strategy

Management Strategy is about determining where you want an organization to go and how you want it to get there. Activities that fall into the category of strategy affect a significant portion of the organization for a considerable time, distinguished from tactics which are activities in response to particular situations and are unlikely to ruin the organization if they fail.

There are competing theories as to how to determine what goals and actions are required. All of them boil down to analyzing the current situation, developing goals and a plan of action, and then driving towards those goals.

 * Michael Porter's /Five Forces/
 * Jay Barney's /Sustainable Competitive Advantage/
 * David A. Aaker's /Strategic Market Management/
 * Main Text: Henry Mintzberg's The Strategy Process 4th Ed.
 * /Analyzing Resources and Capabilities/
 * /Cost Advantage/

title: Management Strategy


text:
Talk:Foreign language learning orientation

German: orientation
Hi CQ, I would propose instead of Orientation in German: Orientierung. --Erkan Yilmaz 18:28, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Capitol idea Erkan and Thanks for the hand! The orientation page is a sort of world traveler. My thought was that it could go to en, de, fr and es. first. On each of those Wikiversities, the Native tongue will go at the top followed by the other three. The sections should all have the same format and equivalent linkage. Once all the sections are complete, we send it to beta to pick up nl, pt, zh, etc. for the betas.

 * For example, Portugese speakers may be more familiar with Spanish, while Swedish and Dutch speakers might be more conversant with German. Hillgentleman has done a bit of work on some Zh (Chinese) pages at Beta. The Foreign language learning orientation page is intended to be kind of like a Rosetta stone. Know what I mean? CQ 03:48, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi CQ, the Orientierung page is translated now - though I must still say that some of the links referring there do not exist yet, so I left them with the English links for the moment, until the German versions are available.
 * I am also thinking, if the page name should be better: "Übersicht" instead of Orientierung - but let me think about it. --Erkan Yilmaz 08:23, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't know Deutsch. To be a good translator, one should at least have some cultural background, which I don't. I've got a login at de.wikiversity, now, but lost as a goose ;) Interwiki links work, so you can move de:Orientierung to de:Übersicht (REDIRECT page is automatically created if the move succeeds). I use the interwiki links on the wikipedias and wiktionaries to find equivalent words, like a machine translation would do. CQ 11:16, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Ok, have created the redirect to de:Übersicht. --Erkan Yilmaz 11:44, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

From Translator's Handbook:

Interlingual Beta Club

 * Oh, and yes the Interlingual Beta Club needs to be translated and placed on de:Wikiversity:Interlingual Beta Klub. Each version of InterlingualMainNavEn has the appropriate link at the top as Interlingual Wikiversity. I think Wikiversity translations is already there. See also Topic:Translation and beta:wikiversity:translation. CQ 03:48, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Ok, then I would say, I start translating the Interlingual_Beta_Club into German first. Perhaps after that also some people at German Wikiversity will join - at least it should be announced publically after this in the Colloquium there. --Erkan Yilmaz 08:23, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi CQ, I have started translating the IBC. --Erkan Yilmaz 09:38, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Another thing: Wikiversity:Interlingual_Beta_Klub is not so familiar, how about if I use following name Wikiversity:Interlingual_Beta_Verein ? --Erkan Yilmaz 08:23, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I'll meet ya at Wikiversity talk:Interlingual Beta Club. CQ 11:16, 3 December 2006 (UTC)


text:
like death warmed over

Adjective

 * 1)  Ill, unwell.

Usage notes

 * Usually used with verbs like feel or look.

title: like death warmed over


text:
Pete Cornish

Pete Cornish is a British designer of electric guitar effects and other electronic musical instruments. He is mainly noted for his elaborate fully custom guitar pedalboard systems. He has worked for Paul McCartney, Pink Floyd's David Gilmour, The Who's Pete Townshend, Lou Reed, Tony Iommi, Brian May, Mark Knopfler (as well directing some Dire Straits and Rick Astley videos), The Police's Andy Summers, and many others.

Cornish has been described as "the inventor of the pedalboard" and a key figure in the transition from single effects to the development of multi-effects units.

History
Pete's basic training was in workshop technology and here he learned to torture-test equipment to determine its suitability for field use.

title: Pete Cornish


text:
ROKS Yi Cheon

ROKS Yi Cheon (SS-062) is the second ship of the Jang Bogo-class submarine of the Republic of Korea Navy, and was the second submarine to serve with the navy. She is one of Jang Bogo-class submarines to be built in South Korea.

Development
At the end of the 1980s the South Korean navy started to improve its overall capability and began to operate more advanced vessels. South Korea purchased its first submarines, German U-209 class in its Type 1200 subvariant, ordered as the Jang Bogo class. These boats are generally similar to Turkey's six Atilay-class submarines, with German sensors and weapons.

The first order placed late in 1987 covered three boats, one to be completed in Germany and the other two in South Korea from German-supplied kits. There followed by two additional three-boat orders placed in October 1989 and January 1994 for boats of South Korean construction. The boats were commissioned from 1993 to 2001.

The older boats were upgraded, it is believed that the modernization included a hull stretch to the Type 1400 length, provision for tube-launched Harpoon missiles and the addition of a towed-array sonar.

Construction and career
ROKS Yi Cheon was built by Daewoo Shipbuilding and launched on 12 September 1991. She was acquired by the navy on 30 April 1994 and commissioned on 20 June 1994.

Exercise Tandem Thrust 1999
She participated in HARPOONEX, part of a live-fire, multinational naval exercise with the United States Navy during which a decommissioned cruiser, USS Oklahoma City (CG-5), was sunk by Yi Cheon.

title: ROKS Yi Cheon


text:
Talk:Hoot (film)

Word Change
I changed the word "ice cream" to "bully" vis-a-vis date because "on" is syntactically correct in that sentence. HubHikari 22:36, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

The Movie Hoot is actually better than the book
I liked the movie better than the book because you could actually see what the owls really looked like. It also had some of my faverate stars in it. Luke Wilson, Jimmy Buffett, Brie Larson, Cody Linley, and Logan Lerman. The movie was great!!!! Rusted Silhouette 5/1/07 22:19

i didnt finish the movie yet so idk yet but the movie is better so far!!!!<3333333 —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:32, 13 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I own both and totally agree. Ironicaly, I share a name with Dean Collins charchter.  Weird.  Its not a common name.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:27, 30 September 2009 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Hoot (film). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070612013746/http://www.hootmovie.com/main.html to http://www.hootmovie.com/main.html
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070930160108/http://www.michaelmedved.com/pg/jsp/eot/review.jsp?pid=2707 to http://www.michaelmedved.com/pg/jsp/eot/review.jsp?pid=2707

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:12, 20 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hoot (film)


text:
Amar Jyoti

Amar Jyoti (Eternal Flame) is a 1936 Hindi social, action adventure, drama film directed by V. Shantaram. Produced by Prabhat Film Company and cited as a "noteworthy" film along with Shantaram's earlier Amrit Manthan (1934), the film had actress Durga Khote performing one of her most "memorable" roles. K. Narayan Kale wrote the story with dialogues by Narottam Vyas. The music was composed by Master Krishnarao. The director of photography was V. Avadhoot, and the cast included Durga Khote, Chandra Mohan, Shanta Apte, Nandrekar, Vasanti and Narayan Kale.

The film was about a "rebellious female pirate". The story's social relevance in the form of a costume action adventure involved a queen who becomes a pirate when she faces extreme "patriarchal laws" and is denied custody of her son.

Plot
Saudamini (Durga Khote) is denied custody of her son by the Queen (Karuna Devi) and the tyrannical Minister of Justice Durjaya (Chandra Mohan) after she separates from her husband. Durjaya tells her that a woman is the slave of her husband and essentially has no rights. This enrages Saudamini, and she vows vengeance and becomes a pirate. She and her pirates capture a ship which is supposed to be carrying the princess Nandini (Shanta Apte). However, she finds her old enemy Durjaya and takes him, prisoner, cutting off one of his legs. Nandini has been hiding in a chest, and when she comes out of it, the imprisoned Durjaya sees her. He falls in love with her and offers her his food. Nandini, however, falls in love with a young shepherd boy Sudhir (Nandrekar). When she meets Saudamini and her helper Rekha (Vasanti), she joins them as a pirate and tells Sudhir off. Durjaya escapes with the help of Sudhir and arrives to arrest Saudamini. Saudamini is captured, but the others, along with Nandini and Rekha, escape. It is finally revealed that Sudhir is Saudamini's long-lost son. Nandini and Sudhir marry, and Rekha carries forward Saudamini's legacy.

Cast

 * Durga Khote as Soudamini
 * Shanta Apte as Nandini
 * Vasanti as Rekha
 * Karunadevi as Queen
 * Chandra Mohan as Durjaya, Minister of Justice
 * B.Nandrekar as Sudheer
 * S.K.Kulkarni as Kundan
 * K.Narain Kale as Shekhar
 * Gajendra as Gajendra

Review and Box office
The film has been cited as a "great film", an "outstanding film", an "adventure classic" and the first Indian film screened at the Venice Film Festival.

The film became a big success at the box office with three main reasons cited for this achievement. The first was Durga Khote as the pirate Saudamini, leaving an impact on the audiences, where she excelled in her role. The second reason for the success of the film is attributed to the special effects. The third was the music and the songs.

Soundtrack
The film's music director was Krishnarao Phulambrikar, who is stated as setting up the "Maharashtra School of Hindi Film Music". The composer employed the one-hundred-year tradition of "Maharashtra Natak Sangeet", blending it with Hindustani music in the form of "duets, ghazal and marching songs". One of the noteworthy songs was "Suno Suno Ban Ke Praani", sung by Shanta Apte, where her voice was commended for its naturalness. The other was "Aaj Humen Ban Behad Bhata", a duet by Shanta Apte and Nandrekar, both of which still "remain favourites among old numbers". The title song is cited as Shantaram's "classic number".

title: Amar Jyoti


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Act V, Scene 2 of Fromental Halévy's La reine de Chypre

Set design for Act V, Scene 2 of Fromental Halévy's La reine de Chypre
Voting period ends on 28 Aug 2020  at 11:51:54 (UTC)
 * Reason:Besides the notable creator, it's from the original production, which adds a lot of value. This is a bit more colourful than most of his works - the majority of which tend to look more like the recent La Esmeralda drawing, with various paper colours, but it's a genuine set design for the première of a sufficiently notable opera, and I think that makes it valuable.

 * Articles in which this image appears:La reine de Chypre +1
 * FP category for this image:WP:FP/THEATRE
 * Creator:Charles-Antoine Cambon, restored by Adam Cuerden

 * Support as nominator – Adam Cuerden (talk)Has about 7.4% of all FPs 11:51, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Question So does this really add value to the article about the opera or set designer, since we know nothing about this minor work? Charlesjsharp (talk) 11:16, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I forgot to say it was the set design for the opera's première, didn't I? Sorry! We tend to value first productions. Adam Cuerden (talk)Has about 7.4% of all FPs 13:59, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Support OK, thanks Charlesjsharp (talk) 15:48, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * No worries. My fault for getting so rambly - I was kind of worn out at the time. I think I'll cut out all the off-topic stuff. Adam Cuerden (talk)Has about 7.4% of all FPs 16:07, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Support - A fine scan/photo. --Janke | Talk 11:58, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Support – Bammesk (talk) 03:36, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Support. MER-C 18:12, 22 August 2020 (UTC)

--Armbrust The Homunculus 13:55, 28 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
aerinite

Noun

 * 1)  A blue mineral with monoclinic crystals, Ca4(Al,Fe3+,Mg, Fe2+)10Si12O35(OH)12CO3·12H2O, made of clay and sometimes used as pigment.

title: aerinite


text:
Russian

Russian refers to anything related to Russia, including people, language, and culture.

Recommended Reading

 * Schaum's Outline of Russian Grammar
 * Barron's 501 Russian Verbs
 * The New Penguin Russian Course

title: Russian


text:
Justo Boneo y Morales

Justo Boneo y Morales was a soldier and knight of the Order of Santiago who served as governor of Texas from 1743 to 1744.

Biography
Justo Boneo y Morales joined the Spanish army when he was young. So, he had an outstanding career in the army, becoming a lieutenant colonel, as well as Captain of Grenadiers of the Regiment of the Infantry of Cantabria. He served the army for thirty-two years.

On July 15, 1740, he was sent to Louisiana, to a zone located near Los Adaes, to carry out an inspection of the area and study certain points of the administration of former Neomexicano governor Manuel de Sandoval, as well as the allegedly questionable activities realized by the group of missionaries that worked in Texas. Both authorities (Sandoval and the missionaries) had been denounced by the governor Carlos Franquis de Lugo.

After the investigation was realized, Boneo y Morales joined the military garrison of the Presidio of Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Los Adaes, which defended the region. On the other hand, The defendant, Sandoval, had to pay a significant amount of pesos (the equivalent to $500) and was imprisoned because he did not keep correct accounting practices of his administration and for living in San Antonio, Texas when he was governor of the province, although all the governors of Texas had to live in Los Adaes, which was the capital of Texas.

Later, on December 17, 1743, Boneo was appointed governor of Texas, but he served for less than a year, since he died in September 1744, leaving the position vacant.

Personal life
Boneo y Morales had several slaves, as were Luis (brought to Josepha Flores y Valdés) and Francisco Joseph (sold to the aforementioned Josepha Flores y Valdés).

title: Justo Boneo y Morales


text:
jääviys

Noun

 * 1) incapacity, disqualification inability to give a statement, or to participate in decision-making or judging on a particular case due to potential or real conflict of interest.

Usage notes

 * In legal usage this term has been substituted for.

title: jääviys


text:
PHP/Constants

Constants, by definition, are variables which cannot be modified during the execution of the script. Constants are typically recognizable by their recommended naming convention of ALL_CAPS.

Syntax
A coder can only define a constant with the define function. Following the API for this function, we find that constants can be defined like this:

The first parameter is the name of the constant, the second parameter is the value the constant represents, and the optional third parameter accepts a boolean TRUE or FALSE to determine whether or not usage of the constant is case insensitive. If the third parameter is omitted, the default is FALSE, causing the variable to be case sensitive. The value of a constant can only be a string, integer, boolean or a float. Constants are accessed just like variables, e.g:

Usage
Constants may just seem like glorified variables to some, but they may be useful at points, if only for the fact they are more secure and are global in scope (they can be accessed anywhere in the script).

There are a large number of pre-defined constants, that can be viewed here: http://www.php.net/manual/en/reserved.constants.php

title: PHP/Constants


text:
User:Rajkothari2000

''Raj Kothari is a 15 year old boy who lives in ahmedababd, gujarat. he is a drummer and gives the exams from trinit college of london. he has acheived the highest marks from gujarat in grade 5 in his trinity college exams for drums ''

title: User:Rajkothari2000


text:
Talk:Comparison of Fritz!Box devices

There should be explanations for the symbols -- a/b, and S0 -- in the "FXO" columns. Haydenarch (talk) 17:32, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

FRITZ!Box 6842 LTE has 1 Gigabite Port and 3 Fast Ethernet Port fb6842 (talk) 19:32, 18 February 2021 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)

title: Talk:Comparison of Fritz!Box devices


text:
Talk:joust

RFV discussion
Second noun defintion - "a disgustingly fat and contemptible individual". Thryduulf 08:03, 31 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Searching joust fat OR oaf -jousting on books.google.com yielded nothing among the first 100 results. —msh210 13:05, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

RFV failed, sense removed. —Ruakh TALK 22:52, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

Requests for deletion - kept
Kept. See archived discussion of April 2008. 07:31, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:joust


text:
Sergeyevka, Altai Krai

Sergeyevka (Сергеевка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Zlatopolinsky Selsoviet, Kulundinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 152 as of 2013. There is 1 street.

Geography
Sergeyevka is located 34 km northeast of Kulunda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zlatopol is the nearest rural locality.

title: Sergeyevka, Altai Krai


text:
Bacardi Feeling (Summer Dreamin')

"Bacardi Feeling (Summer Dreamin')" is a song by American recording artist Kate Yanai. Initially a Bacardi Rum jingle that she recorded for the European market in 1991, it became so popular that Yanai was asked to transform it into a song about "summer love" rather than rum. Arnold McCuller, David Lasley and Valerie Carter served as backing vocalists on the track, which subsequently went to number-one in Austria and Germany.

Track listings

 * CD maxi single
 * 1) "Bacardi Feeling (Summer Dreamin')" (Radio Version) – 3:30
 * 2) "Bacardi Feeling (Summer Dreamin')" (Cocktail Mix) – 5:33
 * 3) "Bacardi Feeling" (Original) – 3:10
 * 4) "Bacardi Feeling (Summer Dreamin')" (Instrumental) – 4:21

 * 7" single
 * 1) "Bacardi Feeling (Summer Dreamin')" (Radio Version) – 3:01
 * 2) "Bacardi Feeling" (Original) – 2:10

Cover version
In 2012, the song was re-recorded by American singer Kelly Rowland with German production team Project B., consisting of Marek Pompetzki, Paul NZA, and Cecil Remmler, to promote Bacardi. An accompanying music video was filmed in Barcelona, Spain in June 2012.

Track listing
CD maxi single
 * 1) "Summer Dreaming 2012" – 3:24
 * 2) "Summer Dreaming 2012" (TV Mix) – 3:22
 * 3) "Summer Dreaming 2012" (DJ Sergey Fisun Mix) – 3:13
 * 4) "Summer Dreaming 2012" (Berlin Heights Retro Mix) – 2:55
 * 5) "Summer Dreaming 2012" (Extended Mix) – 4:50

title: Bacardi Feeling (Summer Dreamin')


text:
New Zealand Pilot License/Human Factors/Private

Interested Members
Add your signature here if you are interested in human factors. Also let us know in which sub-area your interests lie! ---All areas, Im an aviation student studying this.

Airmanship and Responsibility
Describe key features of good and safe airmanship.

List the common causes of fatal accidents for private general aviation pilots in New Zealand.

State the approximate proportion of aircraft accidents and incidents commonly attributed to human performance errors.75%

Human Factors Models and Programmes
Define human factors as used in an aviation context.

Describe the fundamentals of the SHEL Model in relation to the interaction of humans with other humans, hardware, information sources and the environment. Explain the role of human factors programmes in promoting aviation safety. Physiology and the Effects of Flight

The Atmosphere
State the gases that make up the atmosphere.

State the percentage of each gas in the atmosphere.

Describe the variation of pressure as altitude increases.

Explain how the partial pressure of oxygen changes as altitude increases.

Circulation and Respiratory Systems
Describe the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system.

Describe the anatomy and physiology of the circulatory system.

Describe the role of the lungs in oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer.

Hypoxia
hypoxia is when you have lack of oxygen in the blood.

partial pressure of oxygen=150 mm Hg outside the lungs at sea level. partial pressure of oxygen=102 mm Hg inside the lungs at sea level for normal function.

Explain the mechanical effect of the partial pressure of oxygen on oxygen transfer in the lungs. As the height increases the drop in oxygen that makes less oxygen in the lungs that will mean less oxygen to get in the blood flow.

Explain the causes of hypoxia. Ascend to high altitude, where it causes altitude sickness leading to potentially fatal complications. Or when breathing mixtures of gases with a low oxygen content

Describe the common symptoms of hypoxia. The symptoms include headaches, fatigue, shortness of breath, a feeling of euphoria and nausea. In severe hypoxia, or hypoxia of very rapid onset, changes in levels of consciousness, seizures, coma, pianism, and death occur. Severe hypoxia induces a blue discolouration of the skin, called cyanosis. Because hemoglobin is a darker red when it is not bound to oxygen (deoxyhemoglobin), as opposed to the rich red colour that it has when bound to oxygen (oxyhemoglobin), when seen through the skin it has an increased tendency to reflect blue light back to the eye. In cases where the oxygen is displaced by another molecule, such as carbon monoxide, the skin may appear 'cherry red' instead of cyanotic.

Explain the reasons hypoxia symptoms are difficult to detect. It will not affect all pilots in the exactly the same way

Explain the relationship between hypoxic onset and both vision and cognitive performance. Vision goes blurry and possible gray out.

Describe how hypoxia can be prevented. Fly below 10,000 ft without oxygen and even lower if the pilot has a cold or chest infection, is hangover, from alcohol of other drugs effects and is moving quickly about the aircraft, of subjected to cold temperatures or strong g-forces

State the factors that affect the likelihood of suffering from hypoxia. If a pilot is fit, free from disease, illness and drug effects and is sitting quietly at the controls in a warm cabin or cockpit he or she will be better tolerant for hypoxia.

Describe how hypoxia can be treated. Supply them with oxygen from an oxygen supply source, or to descend the aircraft to around 10,000 ft AMSL, or below

Define the concept of ‘time of useful consciousness’. The amount of time an individual is able to perform flying duties efficiently in an environment of inadequate oxygen supply.

State the approximate time of useful consciousness at:

(a) 18,000ft;15-30 minutes

(b) 25,000ft;3-5 minutes

(c) 35,000ft.45-60 seconds

oxygen paradox is if someone who is mild-to-moderately hypoxic is placed on oxygen, their symptoms may worsen, momentarily

Hyperventilation
Define hyperventilation.

Explain the causes of hyperventilation. Hyperventilation tolerates is lower when you have mid  hypoxia  as well as worrying, fear, stress loud noise, excessive heat, air sickness and continued straining agentive G forces

Describe the symptoms of hyperventilation.

Describe how hyperventilation can be treated.

Describe the differences between hyperventilation and hypoxia.

Entrapped Gasses
Define barotrauma. Injury due to pressure, especially to the middle ear or para nasal sinuses due to imbalance between the ambient pressure and pressure within the cavity.

Explain the causes of barotrauma.

Describe the symptoms of barotrauma.

Describe the effects of barotrauma on the various parts of the body.

Describe how barotrauma can be prevented.

Describe how barotrauma can be treated.

Decompression Sickness

Define decompression sickness.

Explain the causes of decompression sickness.

Describe the symptoms of decompression sickness.

Explain how decompression sickness can be prevented.

Describe how decompression sickness can be treated.

Explain the dangers of flying after diving.

Vision and Visual Perception
Describe the anatomy and physiology of the eye.

Identify the following eye structure components:

(a) lens;

(b) cornea;

(c) retina;

(d) fovea;

(e) optic nerve disc;

(f) cone cells;

Distinguish between rod and cone cell functions and distribution in the retina.

Describe the limitations of the eye in terms of:

(a) the ability to discern objects at night;

(b) the ability to discern objects in daylight, including wires and other aircraft;

(c) poor lighting;

(d) glare;

(e) lack of contrast;

(f) the blind spot;

(g) colour perception;

(h) empty field myopia.

Explain the process of dark adaptation.

State the normal time for full night vision adaptation.

Identify precautionary actions to protect night vision adaptation.

Describe:

(a) long sightedness;

(b) short sightedness;

(c) presbyopia;

(d) astigmatism.

Describe the factors associated with the selection of suitable sunglasses for flying.

Describe the effects of hypoxia on vision.

Describe the visual system resting state focus and its effects on object detection.

Explain effective visual search techniques.

Explain the see and avoid method of avoiding mid-air collisions.

Explain the following visual illusions, and describe methods of avoiding and/or coping with:

(a) autokinesis;

(b) stroboscopic illumination illusion/flicker vertigo;

(c) the break-off phenomenon;

(d) the black hole phenomenon.

Describe conditions which can lead to the creation of a false horizon.

Explain the effect of a false horizon on visual perception.

Explain relative motion.

Explain the effect of fog, haze, and/or dust on visual perception.

Describe the optical characteristics of the windshield.

Explain the effect of sloping terrain on visual perception.

Explain the effect of the following factors on visual perception during an approach:

(a) steep/shallow approach angles;

(b) length, width and texture of the runway;

(c) the intensity of the approach lights.

Hearing and Balance
Describe the anatomy and physiology of the ear.

Describe the effect of prolonged noise exposure on hearing.

Describe methods of protecting hearing.

Explain the effects of age induced hearing loss (presbycusis).

Explain the effects of pressure changes on the middle ear and eustachian tubes.

Explain the effects of colds; hay fever; and/or allergies on the sinuses and eustachian tubes.

Spatial Orientation
Define spatial orientation.

Define disorientation.

Outline the anatomy and physiology of the motion, orientation and gravitational sensory organs, including:

(a) the semi-circular canals;

(b) vestibular sac/tubes.

Explain the interconnection between the visual and kinasthetic senses in maintaining accurate spatial orientation.

Explain the body’s limitations in maintaining spatial orientation when vision is adversely affected.

Describe and explain the effects of the following spatial illusions:

(a) the leans and sub-threshold stimulation;

(b) somatogravic illusion;

(c) somatogyral illusion;

(d) cross coupled turning (coriolis effect);

(e) pressure vertigo.

Gravitational Forces
Explain the effects of positive and negative accelerations on:

(a) the circulatory system;

(b) vision; and,

(c) consciousness.

Explain the causes and symptoms of black-out and red-out.

Motion Sickness
Explain the causes of motion sickness.

Describe how motion sickness can be prevented.

Describe how motion sickness can be treated.

Flight Anxiety
Explain the causes of flight anxiety.

Recognise the signs of flight anxiety in passengers.

Describe how flight anxiety can be prevented. Flying and Health

Fitness to Fly
Describe the term fitness to fly.

Explain the CAANZ system of assessing medical fitness, with regard to:

(a) Medical Examiner Grade 1 and Grade 2;

(b) means of obtaining medical examinations;

(c) frequency of medical examinations;

(d) responsibilities of pilots towards medical fitness for flight.

Identify symptoms and circumstances that would lead you to consult your aviation medical examiner prior to further flight.

Describe the IMSAFE method of assessing fitness for flight.

Describe the problems associated with pregnancy and flying.

Describe the following factors, including their effects on pilot performance and methods by which they may be minimised/managed:

(a) arterial disease;

(b) blood pressure;

(c) diet;

(d) exercise;

(e) obesity;

(f) smoking;

(g) respiratory tract infection/allergies (including colds, sinus, hay fever, influenza, asthma);

(h) food poisoning and gastroenteritis;

(i) neurological factors (including fits/epilepsy, brain injury, fainting, headaches, migraines);

(j) emotional factors (including depression and anxiety).

Alcohol and Drugs
Explain the effects of alcohol on pilot performance.

State the recommended time periods between the consumption of alcohol and flying.

Explain the effects of drugs on pilot performance.

State where information can be obtained about the suitability of over the counter and prescription medication for flying.

Explain why illegal/recreational drugs are unacceptable for pilots.

Blood Donation
Describe the effect on the body of donating blood.

State the recommended time period between the donation of blood and flying.

Environmental Hazards
Describe the symptoms, effects and immediate treatments for the following hazards present in the aviation environment:

(a) carbon monoxide;

(b) fuel;

(c) lubricating oils;

(d) hydraulic fluids.

State the source of carbon monoxide poisoning in general aviation aircraft.

Describe reliable methods for the detection of carbon monoxide.

Describe methods of eliminating carbon monoxide from the cockpit.

Stress Management
Define stress.

Describe a simple model of stress.

Define arousal.

Explain the relationship between stress and arousal.

Describe the following environmental stressors:

(a) heat;

(b) cold;

(c) noise;

(d) vibration;

(e) humidity.

Explain methods of identifying stress.

Explain the difference between acute and chronic stress.

Describe the physiological and psychological effects of stress.

Describe the factors that improve personal stress tolerance.

Describe the relationship between stress and fatigue.

Explain methods of managing stress.

Sleep and Fatigue (Alertness Management)

Describe the stages of sleep.

Explain how individuals differ in their requirement for sleep.

Explain the effects of the following alertness management techniques:

(a) napping;

(b) caffeine consumption;

(c) alcohol consumption;

(d) taking sedatives;

(e) taking stimulants other than caffeine.

Describe sleep disorders and their effects on pilot performance.

Define fatigue.

Explain the causes of fatigue and its effect on pilot performance.

Describe the symptoms of fatigue.

Explain the difference between acute and chronic fatigue.

Describe methods of managing fatigue.

Ageing
Identify normal physiological and behavioural changes with age that have a bearing on private pilot performance.

Describe methods by which age-related changes in memory and speed of information processing can be moderated by older pilots. Aviation Psychology

Information Processing
Identify the human sensors pilots depend on for information acquisition.

Describe a basic model of information processing, including the concepts of:

(a) attention;

(b) sensory threshold;

(c) sensitivity.

Describe the following types of memory:

(a) peripheral/sensory memory;

(b) short term/working memory;

(c) long term memory;

(d) motor/skills memory.

Describe the limitations and failures of memory.

Explain the following methods of retaining and retrieving information from memory:

(a) chunking;

(b) mnemonics;

(c) checklists.

Explain the concept of mental workload.

Define perception.

Describe the effect of the following on perception:

(a) expectation;

(b) experience.

Describe the formation of mental models.

Situational Awareness
Define situational awareness.

Explain the importance of situational awareness on different phases of flight.

Describe strategies to maintain and enhance situational awareness.

Judgement and Decision Making

Describe hazardous attitudes.

Describe methods of countering hazardous attitudes.

Describe the error/poor judgement chain.

Explain clues or red flags that can assist in identifying the error/poor judgement chain.

Identify risk assessment techniques.

Outline the general concepts behind decision making.

Describe methods of enhancing decision making skills.

Identify common decision-making models used in aviation training (DECIDE, SADIE etc) and explain their application.

Identify specific factors that influence the decision making process.

Explain the setting of personal limitations and decision points.

Outline the dangers of get-home-itis.

Social Psychology and Flight Deck Management

Define teamwork and team membership.

Identify the factors that affect team performance.

Describe group decision making.

Describe ideal leadership characteristics.

Describe a basic model of communications.

Describe the barriers to effective communication.

Identify techniques to reduce communication barriers.

Explain the following strategies used to reduce communication errors in aviation:

(a) read-backs;

(b) standard phraseology;

(c) standard calls.

Explain how outside resources, such as ATC, engineers and other pilots can contribute to a pilot’s management of a flight.

Threat and Error Management
Explain the role of human error in aviation accidents.

Explain the degree to which human error can be eliminated.

Describe threats which could potentially affect a safe flight.

Explain the basic elements and features of the Reason Model.

Culture
Identify the elements in a safety culture.

List the key reasons for safety reporting in aviation.

Explain the rationale for mandatory reporting of incidents as required by CAR Part 12.

Distinguish between normal error, at risk behaviour and high culpability behaviour.

Distinguish between negligent and reckless behaviour.

Describe the role of punitive sanction.

Ergonomics

Flight Deck Design
Describe the basic principles of control, display and workspace design.

Explain the importance of the following in cockpit design:

(a) reach;

(b) comfort;

(c) posture;

(d) lighting levels.

Define biomechanics.

Define anthropometry.

Describe applications of biomechanics in the design of a cockpit.

Explain the relevance of anthropometry in the design of a cockpit.

Describe the effects of a poorly designed cockpit on pilot performance.

Explain the importance of eye datum or eye design position.

Describe the problems associated with windshield design and visibility.

Design of Controls
Explain the importance of the following in control design:

(a) size;

(b) shape/recognition by touch;

(c) location;

(d) direction of movement;

(e) visibility.

Instrumentation, Displays and Alerts
Explain the importance of the following in the design of instrumentation, displays and alerts:

(a) size;

(b) position;

(c) layout;

(d) visibility;

(e) legibility;

(f) scale;

(g) use of colour;

(h) illumination.

Describe parallax error.

Describe common errors in display interpretation.

Describe potential errors in the interpretation of three pointer altimeters.

Describe potential errors in the interpretation of the artificial horizon.

Describe the basic requirements of alerts.

Describe problems associated with the presentation and misinterpretation of alerts.

Describe how colour coding conventions are used in aviation on instruments and displays.

Documents and Procedures
Explain the rationale behind consistent and thorough checklist use as opposed to reliance on memory.

Distinguish between normal and emergency checklists.

Identify the phases of flight where a checklist plays an important role.

Describe the reasons for and the possible ramifications of checklist complacency.

First Aid and Survival
First Aid

Describe the basic principles of first aid.

Describe the basic principles of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

Identify basic items carried in a certificated general aviation aircraft first aid kit.

Survival

State the components of a pre-flight passenger briefing by a pilot with respect to aircraft safety features and equipment.

Explain the basic steps in post-crash survivor management.

List the priorities of survival in order of importance.

List additional useful but discretionary safety and survival items that could be carried on a cross-country flight over bush clad and mountainous terrain.

Explain the process of hypothermia.


text:
Ratchet knife

Ratchet knife in Jamaica is a general type of folding knife, generally German-made, considered easy to open quickly and associated with "rude boy" masculinity, the Okapi being a favourite brand. It is also used by the local Rastafari community to grind cannabis.

title: Ratchet knife


text:
XML - Managing Data Exchange/Web Services

Web Services Overview
Web Services are a new breed of Web application. They are self-contained, self-describing, modular applications that can be published, located, and invoked across the Web. Web services perform functions, which can be anything from simple requests to complicated business processes. Once a Web service is deployed, other applications (and other Web services) can discover and invoke the deployed service. Web services make use of XML to describe the request and response, and HTTP as its network transport.

The primary difference between a Web Service and a web application relates to collaboration. Web applications are simply business applications which are located or invoked using web protocols. Similarly, Web Services also perform computing functions remotely over a network. However, Web Services use internet protocols with the specific intent of enabling inter operable machine to machine coordination.

Web Services have emerged as a solution to problems associated with distributed computing. Distributed computing is the use of multiple systems to perform a function rather than having a single system perform it. The previous technologies used in distributed computing, primarily Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) and Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM), had some limitations. For example, neither has achieved complete platform independence or easy transport over firewalls. Additionally, DCOM is not vendor independent, being a Microsoft product.

Some of the primary needs for a distributed computing standard were:

 Cross-platform support for Business to Business, as well as internal, communication. Concordance with existing Internet infrastructure as much as possible. Scalability, both in number and complexity of nodes. Internalization. Tolerance of failure. Vendor independence. Suitability for trivial and non-trivial requests.

Over time, business information systems became highly configured and differentiated. This inevitably made system interaction extremely costly and time consuming. Developers began realizing the benefits of standardizing Web Service development. Using web standards seemed to be an intuitive and logical step toward attaining these goals. Web standards already provided a platform independent means for system communication and were readily accepted by information system users.

The end result was the development of Web Services. A Web Service forms a distributed environment, in which objects can be accessed remotely via standardized interfaces. It uses a three-tiered model, defining a service provider, a service consumer, and a service broker. This allows the Web Service to be a loose relationship, so that if a service provider goes down, the broker can always direct consumers to another one. Similarly, there are many brokers, so consumers can always find an available one. For communication, Web Services use open Web standards: TCP/IP, HTTP, and XML based SOAP.

At higher levels technologies such as XAML, XLANG, (transactional support for complex web transactions involving multiple web services) and XKMS (ongoing work by Microsoft and Verisign to support authentication and registration) might be added.

SOAP

Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is a method for sending information to and from Web Services in an extensible format. SOAP can be used to send information or remote procedure calls encoded as XML. Essentially, SOAP serves as a universally accepted method of communication with web services. Businesses adhere to the SOAP conventions in order to simplify the process of interacting with Web Services.

A SOAP message contains either a request method for invoking a Web Service, or contains response information to a Web Service request.

Adhering to this layout when developing independent Web Services provides notable benefits to the businesses. Due to the fact that Web Applications are designed to be utilized by a myriad of actors, developers want them to be easily adoptable. Using established and familiar standards of communication ultimately reduces the amount of effort it takes users to effectively interact with a Web Service.

The SOAP Envelope is used for defining and organizing the content contained in Web Service messages. Primarily, the SOAP envelope serves to indicate that the specified document will be used for service interaction. It contains an optional SOAP Header and a SOAP Body. Messages are sent in the SOAP body, and the SOAP head is used for sending other information that wouldn't be expected in the body. For example, if the SOAP:actor attribute is present in the SOAP header, it indicates who the recipient of the message should be.

A web service transaction involves a SOAP request and a SOAP response. The example we will be using is a Web Service provided by Weather.gov. The input is latitude, longitude, a start date, how many days of forecast information desired, and the format of the data. The SOAP request will look like this:

The startDate was left empty because this will automatically get the most recent data. The format data type is not defined because it is defined in the WSDL document.

The response SOAP looks like this.

SOAP handles data by encoding it on the sender side and decoding it on the receiver side. The data types handled by SOAP are based on the W3C XML Schema specification. Simple types include strings, integers, floats, and doubles, while compound types are made up of primitive types.

Because they are text based, SOAP messages generally have no problem getting through firewalls or other barriers. They are the ideal way to pass information to and from web services.

Service Description - WSDL
Web Service Description Language (WSDL) was created to provide information about how to connect to and query a specific Web Service. This document also adheres to strict formatting and organizational guidelines. However, the methods, parameters, and service information are application specific. Web Services perform different functionality and contain independent information, however they are all organized the same way. By creating a standard organizational architecture for these services, developers can effectively invoke and utilize them with little to no familiarization. To use a web service, a developer can follow the design standards of the WSDL to easily determine all the information and procedures associated with its usage.

Essentially, a WSDL document serves as an instruction for interacting with a Web Service. It contains no application logic, giving the service a level of autonomy. This enables users to effectively interact with the service without having to understand its inner workings.

The following is an example of a WSDL file for a web service that provides a temperature, given a U.S. zip code.

The WSDL file defines a service, made up of different endpoints, called ports. The port is made up of a network address and a binding.

The binding identifies the binding style and protocol for each operation. In this case, it uses Remote Procedure Call style binding, using SOAP.

Port Types are abstract collections of operations. In this case, the operation is getTemp.

Finally, messages are used by the operations to communicate - in other words, to pass parameters and return values.

From the WSDL file, a consumer should be able to access data in a web service.

For a more detailed analysis of how this particular web service, please visit Weather.gov

Service Discovery - UDDI
You've seen how WSDL can be used to share interface definitions for Web Services, but how do you go about finding a Web Service in the first place? There are countless independent Web Services that are developed and maintained by just as many different organizations. Upon adopting Web Service practices and methodologies, developers sought to foster the involvement and creative reuse of their systems. It soon became apparent that there was a need for an enumerated record of these services and their respective locations. This information would empower developers to leverage the best practices and processes of Web Services quickly and easily. Additionally, having a central reference of current Web Service capabilities enables developers avoid developing redundant applications.

UDDI defines registries in which services can be published and found. The UDDI specification was creaed by Microsoft, Ariba, and IBM. UDDI defines a data structure and Application Programming Interface (API).

In the three-tier model mentioned before, UDDI is the service broker. Its function is to enable service consumers to find appropriate service providers.

Connecting to UDDI registries using Java can be accomplished through the Java API for XML Registries (JAXR). JAXR creates a layer of abstraction, so that it can be used with UDDI and other types of XML Registries, such as the ebXML Registry and Repository standard.

Using Java With Web Services
To execute a SOAP message, an application must be used to communicate with the service provider. Due to its flexibility, almost any programming language can be used to execute SOAP message. For our purposes, however, we will be focusing on using Java to interact with Web Services.

Using Java with web services requires some external libraries.

Apache SOAP Toolkit

Java Mail Framework

JavaBeans Activation Framework

Xerces XML parser

Let's go through using Java to query the Temperature Web Service we talked about earlier.

This Java code effectively hides all the SOAP from the user. It invokes the target object by name and URL, and sets the parameter zipcode. But what does the underlying SOAP Request look like?

As you see, the SOAP request uses the parameters passed in by the Java Call to fill out the SOAP envelope and direct the message. Similarly, the response comes back into the Java program as '70.0'. The response SOAP is also hidden by the Java program.

Here's an additional example of using Java and SOAP to interact with Web Services. This particular Web Service is called the "US Zip Validator" and takes a ZipCode as a parameter, which then returns a corresponding latitude and longitude. When developing applications to interact with Web Services, the first step should be to review the WSDL document.

The WSDL document for this service is located here: http://www.webservicemart.com/uszip.asmx?WSDL

This document will contain all the necessary instructions for interacting with the "US Zip Validator" Web Service.

SOAPClient4XG

Modified by - Duncan McAllister From: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-soapcl/

This Java class refers to an XML document(SOAPRequest.xml), which is used as the SOAP message. This document should be included in the same project folder as the Java application invoking the service.

After reviewing the "US Zip Validator" WSDL document, it is clear that we would like to invoke the "getTemp" method. This information is contained within the SOAP body and includes the appropriate parameters.

SOAPRequest.xml

Following a successful interaction, the Web Service provider will provide a response that is similar in format to the user request. When developing in NetBeans, run this project and examine the subsequent SOAP message response in the Tomcat output window.

Web Services with Netbeans
The Netbeans version used for this explanation is 5.0.

After Netbeans is open, click on the "Runtime" tab on the left pane, then right-click "Web Services" and select "Add Web Service." In the "URL" field, enter the address of the web service WSDL file, in our example above it is "http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/xml/DWMLgen/wsdl/ndfdXML.wsdl" and click Get Web Service Description. This will bring up the information of the web service.

References and Links

Weather.gov

WebServices.org

W3C's Web Services Reference

UDDI.org

XMethods.net

Java API for XML Registries

Apache SOAP Toolkit

JavaMail Framework

Java Activation Framework

Xerces Java Parser

Jasnowski, Mike. Java, XML, and Web Services Bible

Microsoft Web Services

http://www.xml.com/

http://www.w3schools.com/soap/soap_intro.asp

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XML_-_Managing_Data_Exchange/Web_services

http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/REC-soap12-part0-20070427/

http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1895,1589730,00.asp

http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-soapcl/


text:
Vingtaine du Sud

The Vingtaine du Sud (La Vîngtaine du Sud in Jèrriais) is one of the two vingtaines of the parish of St. Mary in Jersey in the Channel Islands.

title: Vingtaine du Sud


text:
MicroMIRV air defense system

Link to any subpages this page might have

Molecule-connected microcomponents of standard ammunition which harvest kinetic energy from the gunpowder reaction.

The shaped charge formed by the time-sequenced detonation of the nanocomponents dissassembled microcomponents is able to concentrate explosive energy in 4-D space that intersects path of aggressor (F-22 and other vehicles).

DNA sequences complementary to U-235 but not U-238 are used to super-enrich the structured 3-D volume of the microcomponents.

What DNA sequences would be complementary to U-235 but not U-238?

The microMIRV air defense system learning project seeks to design manufacturable 9x19mm ammunition that can destroy modern military aircraft in any stage of flight.

title: MicroMIRV air defense system


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Horace Greeley presidential campaign, 1872

The result was: promoted by Cwmhiraeth (talk) 06:33, 2 October 2017 (UTC)

Horace Greeley presidential campaign, 1872

 * ... that Horace Greeley died shortly after he lost the U.S. Presidency to Ulysses S. Grant? (source: http://elections.harpweek.com/1872/Overview-1872-2.htm )

Created by Futurist110 (talk) 04:29, 21 September 2017 (UTC).

 * I have now reviewed this DYK? nomination: Template:Did you know nominations/Barred cuckoo-dove. Futurist110 (talk) 04:40, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Symbol confirmed.svg Solid, well-sourced article about a sad topic, no copyvio obvious, interesting hook. - Please consider minor changes to the article: place the first image lower, to avoid sandwiching, avoid "himself" in the line about his death, and source that (and anything) by three refs max, - actually just one is fine, it's not contentious ;) - You may try to add the image which shows the style of the period well. - Thank you for the barnstar, made my day! --Gerda Arendt (talk) 05:51, 21 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
aufschlagen

Verb

 * 1) to pitch, to serve (a ball)
 * 2) to set up, to pitch up (a camp, a tent)
 * 3) to break, to crack (an egg)
 * 4) to open (a book, the eyes)
 * 5) to add to something, to increase, to mark up (a price)
 * 6) to impact, to strike, to hit
 * 7) to break down (a door); to break through (a window)
 * 8)  to show up
 * 1) to impact, to strike, to hit
 * 2) to break down (a door); to break through (a window)
 * 3)  to show up
 * 1)  to show up

title: aufschlagen


text:
Nabakalebara 2015

The Nabakalebara 2015 is a celebration of the ancient ritual of the Nabakalebara associated with most of the Jagannath Temples when the idols of Lord Jagannath, Balabhadra, Subhadra and Sudarshan are replaced by a new set of idols; the last such festival of events was held in 1996. The period of the festival is chosen according to the Hindu Calendar, conforming to the astrological planetary positions. The festival during 2015 involves several schedules, and it has started from 23 March with Banajaga Yatra (a process of search to select the neem tree to make new images to replace the old ones) and will conclude with Rathayatra followed Sunabesa (adorning the new images of gods with golden attire) on 27 July, with many other rituals being held in between on specific dates. More than 5 million devotees are expected to participate in these rituals held in and around the temple complex of the Jagannath Temple, Puri, Odisha.

History
The exact year of origin of when the ritual Nabakalebara was started is not known. But on many occasions the deities had to be secretly buried or shifted from the temple when it was attacked by external forces. After the threat had passed the images, though retrieved, had to be made anew and reinstalled. One such recorded event was in 1600 when king Yajati is reported to have conducted this ritual after he had retrieved the images from Sonpur where they had been buried during an attack by Muslim invaders. When the wooden statues were unearthed by the king he found them in a state of decay and therefore got new images carved and installed on altar of the temple.

Another version of the history is that after Muslims invaded Odisha, the iconoclasts had burnt the images on the coast. Even the Afghan defied the command of Akbar and had desecrated the Jagannath temple. Following this Man Singh had captured Odisha in 1578. However, Besara Mohanty, a Vaishnava wandering saint had gathered the charred remains of the image, known as "Brahma padartha", and carried it to Kujang. Then, according to the Jagannath temple chronicle sources, Ramachandra Deb, Raja of Khurda, took the sacred remains from Kujang and sanctified it within the new image of Jagannath.

Nabakalebara festival is a much bigger and of longer duration than the annual Ratha Yatra at Puri According to Anncharlott Eschmann, it is a Sanskritized version of a tribal ritual of the Khond tribes. It is said that "proto-types" of this ceremony are practiced by the Kond.

The festival rituals are held over a long period of 65 days to replace the old images known as "Daru Brahma", meaning Brahma (divine life force) in the shape of wood, of Lord Jagannath, Lord Balabhadra, Goddess Subhadra and Sudarshana, by new ones made of neem tree wood.; the search for the appropriate neem Daru Brahma wood, its carriage to the carving site precedes the start of the Nabakalebara festival. It is begun in the Hindu calendar month of Chaitra Shukla Dashami (10th day of bright half of Lunar month) day.

The rituals are held when an Adhikamasa (intercalary month) of Ashadha (June/July), when two lunar months of Ashadha (four lunar fortnights) fall in one year, as per the Hindu Calendar. Such a rare occasion usually occurs once in 12 years, but the gap may range from eight to 19 years. In the 20th century, Nabakalebara was celebrated in 1912, 1931, 1950, 1969, 1977 and 1996. In the 21st century, the first Nabakalebara is being held for a period starting from 29 March 2015 and ending with Niladribije on 30 July as per schedule announced by the temple administration. Lord Jagannatha who is a central figure of the rituals is worshipped in the Jagannath Temple, Puri as the king of the Universe. He is hierarchically number one in the realm, while the maharaja Gajapati of Puri holds the second position and is the chief servitor of the temple. The maharaja would present gifts to Jagannath but also receive gifts from representatives of feudatory kings, and his jurisdiction extended to tribal areas. To the people of Puri, the gods took the unusual form of huge wooden stumps, since they had lived with the tribal people. While the king got the images deified in a Hindu temple after elaborate religious ceremonies of the Nabakalebara, its tribal incomplete form, called "virupa" was retained but encased with cloth and resin. As the images are made of wood they would inevitably rot, similar to the human beings, and need replacement. It is this replacement which is performed with elaborate rituals called Nabakalebara. Navakalevara meaning "New Body or re-embodiment" is a composite of two words ‘Nava’ meaning "New" and ‘Kalevara’ meaning "Body". It is only the body of the gods that is changed during the rituals as it would be deteriorate with time but the Brahman or the "Brahmapadartha (soul-substance)" within the wooden body (called "Daru Brahma" or the "Prime-Soul enshrined in wood" ) is transferred from the old images to the new through a secret religious rigmarole.

Program schedule
The Nabakalebara 2015 rituals were held as per the following schedule.

 * 29 March 2015, Sunday: Banajaga Yatra.
 * 30 March 2015, Monday: Journey to Deuli Matha. Daitapati's will leave Jagannath Ballava Ashram and will stay at Nua river Bank Ashram.
 * 2 April 2015, Thursday: Stay at Deuli Matha.
 * 3 April 2015, Friday: Worship at Kakatpur Mangala temple.
 * 4 April (Saturday) to 17 May 2015 (Sunday): Explore Daru.
 * 2 June 2015, Tuesday: Debasnana Purnima.
 * 5 June 2015, Friday: Carving of images.
 * 15 June 2015, Monday: Transfer of Brahma at midnight.
 * 17 July 2015, Friday: Naba jaubana darshan.
 * 18 July 2015, Saturday: Rath Yatra.
 * 22 July 2015, Wednesday: Hera Panchami.
 * 26 July 2015, Sunday: Bahuda Yatra.
 * 27 July, Monday: Sunabesa.
 * 28 July 2015, Tuesday: Adhara Niti.
 * 30 July 2015, Thursday: Niladribije.

Key events
Some key events of the rituals before, during and after the Nabakalebara 2015 such as Banajaga Yatra, Debasnana Purnima, Netroutsav, Navajoubana besha, Rath Yatra and Sunabesa are detailed.

Banajaga Yatra
Banajaga Yatra (pronounced as Banajāga Jātra) precedes the main events of Nabakalebara. This yatra or expedition is an expedition undertaken to locate the holy trees or "darus" from which the new idols of the gods are to be carved. This task is entrusted to the rightful daityas, spelled locally as daitas, who are servitors of the temple deities. After offering prayers and performing prescribed rituals, the team of daityas (usually about 100) headed by a leader called the "Dalapati" go to the palace of the maharaja Gajapati, who is the chief servitor of the Jagannath Temple, seeking his permission to undertake the journey to find the suitable trees for carving new images of each of the four deities. The King gives them permission by offering them betel nut, in the presence of his Rajaguru or chief priest. The team of daityas, led by their leader walk barefoot about 50 km and halt at Deuli Matha on the first day and then proceed to the Kakatpur Mangala Temple to offer prayers. Four daityas (senior servitors) sleep in front of the goddess seeking divine guidance on the location of the neem trees.

The servitors then proceed in search of the neem trees appropriate for each of the deities in accordance with the prescribed signs, size, and locations. After selection of the trees they are worshipped, covered with white cloth and then felled. They are then carried on wooden carts in a long procession through villages accompanied by beating of drums and cymbals to the venue of a temporary carving shed in the Koili Baikuntha near the temple. Here, worship is done to the neem logs every day and prasad food offering given till the Debasnana Purnima day.

During 2015, the Banajaga Yatra commenced from Puri on 29 March. Announcement about the location of the daru (neem tree) for Lord Sudarshana was made around midnight on Saturday, 11 April 2015.

Collection of darus

 * Daru for lord Sudarshana identified at Garh Kuntunia village near Balakati on the outskirts of Bhubaneswar.
 * The daru of Lord Balabhadra was found near Sarala Temple, Jhankada in Jagatsinghpur district.
 * The location of daru of Goddess Subhadra was announced on Friday, 24 April 2015. It was found at the Nilakantheswar Temple in Adhangagada under Biridi block in Jagatsinghpur district.
 * On 29 April, the location of Lord Jagannath's daru was announced to be Kharipadia under Raghunathpur block in Jagatsinghpur district.

Significance of daru trees
The daru of Jagannath

The tree selected for Jagannath daru should ordinarily be away from human settlement. It should look dark or dark-red in colour. The trunk of the tree should look straight having four clear branches. The tree, furthermore, should be 7 to 12 cubit high and should have grown near a river or a pond or on a crossing of 3 path-ways.

The daru of Balabhadra

The bark of the tree for Balabhadra should look light brown in color. The tree needs to have seven branches looking like the form of a canopy and the hood of a cobra. The tree should have the divine marks of a plough, pestle and the weapons of Balabhadra.

The daru of Goddess Subhadra

The tree meant for Goddess Subhadra should look yellow in colour. It should have five clear branches and bear the mark of a lotus flower with five petals.

The daru of Sudarsan

The tree meant for Sudarsan should be reddish in colour. It should have three branches. There should be a mark of a Chakra on any part of the tree. The tree should also have a depression in the middle.

Debasnana Purnima
As the arrival of the new logs called Nyasa Daru in the precincts of the temple is made known, the maharaja offers oblations at the Jagannath temple (also known as Shri Kshetra) before the carving of the idols is started; the king appoints one of his Rajaguru as the chief priest for this occasion. The logs are given a bath on this day which is called Snana Poornima or Debasnana Purnima. Concurrently old idols in the temple are also bathed. Following this the temple is closed for devotees. This is known as the period of Mahaanasara in the two Ashada months, extending to 45 days. The first 15 days of this period is the lunar dark half month (Krishna paksha) designated to start the carving of new images. Then the process of carving of the images of the four deities begins, which is done by fifty maharanas (carpenters) over a period of 21 days. On completion of the carvings the new images are circumambulated around the temple. Following this the new and the old images are kept at one place facing each other to initiate the process of transfer of Brahmapadartha embedded in the heart of old idols to the new images. This is done in total secrecy at the midnight hour. Even the priests who perform this task are blindfolded as it is a belief that any one watching this transfer would die. On this occasion there is black out in the entire town. The event was slated to be conducted within the sanctum sanctorum of the Jagannath temple at the midnight hour of 15 June 2015.

Once the transfer of the Brahmapadartha (soul-substance) ) is completed the old images are declared dead. Then these images are carried along with all the secondary deities kept in the chariots and buried at the Koili Baikuntha. This is done as Lord Jagannath is considered to the head of the family of the Daitapati servitors. After the burial (known as "Patali", during the second fortnight of the Mahanasara period ) the funeral obsequies are observed by the daityas for 10 days followed by bathing. A feast is then held on the 12th day and Mahaprasad distributed to the devotees.

On completion of the obsequies to the old images, the new images of the four deities are given a protective cover with "Saptavarana" meaning seven substances such as sandalwood paste, musk, resin, silk and so forth. The artists then paint the images with indigenous colours. This activity is done during the last fortnight of the Mahaanasara period.

Netrotsava
After the images are painted, the eyelids of the deities are formally opened in a ritual known as "Netrotsava" meaning "opening of the eyes". This is done exclusively by the Brahmin priests of the temple as a "final life-infusing ritual." This was scheduled to be done on 16 July 2015. On the day after the images are infused with life they are taken in a procession for viewing by the public, which is called "Naba jaubana darshan" (viewing of the new images).

Rathayatra
After the Naba jaubana darshan held on 17 July, the deities will be brought out the next day for the Rathayatra, which is a grand annual event. The process of building three new chariots to carry the three deities of the temple has already started from the Basant Panchami day on 24 January 2015. The new images, which are a replica of the old ones which are buried, will be on display for public viewing at the chariot festival which will be held in Puri.

Sunabesa
The Sunabesa or Suna Besha is an event that is held on the third day of the Rathayatra when the deities reach the Singhdwar they will be seen decorated with golden ornaments. This was held on 27 July. The gold ornaments are stated to be a donation by King Kapilendra Deb. Initially, ornaments consisted of 135 designs weighing about 208 kg but now only 20-30 designs are used to decorate the deities.

title: Nabakalebara 2015


text:
User:History Mind

Welcome to History Mind's User Page
In terms of UTC (London) time, it is currently on Monday, 29 July, 2024.

Quick Notes:

 * Remember, this is not an encyclopedic article, as this is a user page that has been created so that editors may understand me a bit better. As such, it is inadvisable to use any of the information herein for academic or professional purposes lest you are purposefully attempting to fail in your current endeavors by using material that is most likely completely irrelevant to the subject in question.
 * This user page uses American English rather than other dialects. Don't like it? Make your own user page using your own dialect.

title: User:History Mind


text:
2020 U.S. Open

2020 U.S. Open may refer to:

 * 2020 U.S. Open (golf), a major golf tournament
 * 2020 US Open (tennis), a grand slam tennis event
 * 2020 U.S. Open Cup, a planned soccer tournament not held due to the COVID-19 pandemic

title: 2020 U.S. Open


text:
Talk:Roger Edens

Citations?
I'm concerned about the section on Show Boat. Any citations for any of these contentions? If not, is should be removed. --Vaudedoc (talk) 14:37, 10 October 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Roger Edens. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090120085053/http://jgdb.com/star.htm to http://www.jgdb.com/star.htm

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:10, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Roger Edens


text:
2015 Dubai Tennis Championships – Women's singles

Simona Halep defeated Karolína Plíšková in the final, 6–4, 7–6(7–4) to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2015 Dubai Tennis Championships.

Venus Williams was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Lucie Šafářová.

Seeds
The top eight seeds received a bye into the second round.

• 🇷🇴 Simona Halep (champion)

• 🇨🇿 Petra Kvitová (third round)

• Caroline Wozniacki (semifinals)

• 🇷🇸 Ana Ivanovic (third round)

• 🇵🇱 Agnieszka Radwańska (third round)

• 🇷🇺 Ekaterina Makarova (quarterfinals)

• 🇩🇪 Angelique Kerber (third round)

• 🇺🇸 Venus Williams (third round)

• 🇩🇪 Andrea Petkovic (second round)

• 🇮🇹 Flavia Pennetta (quarterfinals)

• 🇨🇿 Lucie Šafářová (quarterfinals)

• 🇷🇸 Jelena Janković (second round)

• 🇪🇸 Carla Suárez Navarro (quarterfinals)

• 🇸🇰 Dominika Cibulková (withdrew because of Achilles injury)

• 🇫🇷 Alizé Cornet (third round)

• 🇨🇳 Peng Shuai (second round)

• 🇨🇿 Karolína Plíšková (final)

The two Antwerp finalists also received a bye into the second round. They were as follows: • 🇩🇪 Andrea Petkovic

• 🇪🇸 Carla Suárez Navarro

Seeds
• # 🇦🇺 Jarmila Gajdošová (qualified)

• # Mirjana Lučić-Baroni (qualified)

• # 🇨🇿 Tereza Smitková (first round, retired)

• # 🇨🇳 Zhang Shuai (first round, retired)

• # 🇩🇪 Julia Görges (qualifying competition, lucky loser)

• # 🇷🇺 Elena Vesnina (qualifying competition, lucky loser)

• # 🇨🇿 Kateřina Siniaková (qualifying competition, lucky loser)

• # 🇨🇳 Zheng Saisai (withdrew)

• # 🇳🇿 Marina Erakovic (withdrew, still playing in Pattaya)

• # 🇭🇺 Tímea Babos (qualified)

• # Stefanie Vögele (first round)

• # 🇷🇴 Alexandra Dulgheru (qualifying competition)

• # 🇨🇳 Wang Qiang (qualified)

• # Ana Konjuh (first round)

• # 🇯🇵 Misaki Doi (withdrew)

• # 🇷🇺 Alla Kudryavtseva (first round)

• # 🇷🇺 Evgeniya Rodina (qualifying competition)

Qualifiers
• # 🇦🇺 Jarmila Gajdošová

• # Mirjana Lučić-Baroni

• # 🇦🇺 Arina Rodionova

• # 🇺🇦 Yuliya Beygelzimer

• # 🇨🇦 Gabriela Dabrowski

• # 🇺🇦 Kateryna Kozlova

• # 🇭🇺 Tímea Babos

• # 🇨🇳 Wang Qiang

Lucky losers
• # 🇩🇪 Julia Görges

• # 🇷🇺 Elena Vesnina

• # 🇨🇿 Kateřina Siniaková