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Talk:Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

Other uses
I have had this medication prescribed for a parasitic infection (Cyclospora). I've also found it indicated for this purpose in a physician's handbook. Can anyone confirm this? --StarKruzr 17:44, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Uses
This is a very British-centric article. In the US, IDSA recommends TMP/SMX as the first-line agent in uncomplicated UTI. - Emt147 Burninate!  07:01, 11 October 2006 (UTC)
 * By all means edit the article to reflect that? --Gak 10:50, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

i used to use it for acne
Me too! I've taken it twice a day for 5+ yrs now. I came here because I'm wondering if it's a bad thing for me to do, especially with Gilbert's Disease. If anyone wants to save my life, feel free to message me ;) ClintJCL (talk) 23:47, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

Dosage
How much is a safe dose? What constitutes an overdose? Is it taken once or twice daily? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 00:17, 14 May 2007
 * Wikipedia dose not state dosages (see WP:MEDMOS) this being a matter to discuss with ones own physician. Like all drugs, it depends on the condition to be treated, body size, age and often if known liver or kidney disorders. David Ruben Talk 00:23, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

Safe dosages can be found from other sources. I don't see why wikipedia can't list typical mg:kg dosages for adults and children? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:24, 1 June 2010 (UTC)

Bacteriocidal
Whether or not a drug is bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic depends on the organism. It often not possible to make a blanket statement about an antibiotic on this point. I suggest that this statement be removed. --Gak

Better source for information?
I'd like to add in the fact that in Canada co-trimoxazole is considered a first-line agent for skin and wound infections in patients who have a demonstrated true allergy to penicillin, but I can't find an online reference that isn't behind a paywall. Does anyone have one? -- Charlene 14:31, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

Question
When I was a child, my doctor had given me type of this medication, septra, for an ear infection. It resulted in an allergic reaction. Does this mean I have a type of SJS, Steven Johnson Syndrom? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:21, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

I hanked the "weasel words" whining, because I can. Left the "citation needed" part though; should either be cited or taken down. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:46, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

Is there any reason this page is the link being used by a lot of spam bots on forums? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:47, 3 August 2009 (UTC)

Why is this page not called Trimethoprim-sulfa?
This is the term my pharmacopoeia uses and thus move here. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 10:12, 8 November 2010 (UTC)

In the United States and Canada, the medication is referred to (generically) as an "SMT Combination". In fact, (as a Urologist) when writing a prescription, I usually write "SMT 400/80" for regular strength, or "SMT-DS" for the most often used "double strength" version. In thirty years of doing this, I have yet to receive a pharmacist call-back questioning the identity of the medication requested.

If I were to compose a wish list for this page, I would first address the high rate of allergic reaction to this medication, and the need to consume larger than normal quantities of fluids (preferably water) during the course of treatment. SMT Combinations are also useful in the treatment of sinusitis, acute/susceptible ear infections (not a choice for the initial course of treatment), and bronchitis.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:35, 20 March 2011 (UTC)

Safe for long-term use?
I notice that erythromycin and teracycline are safe for long-term use in patents not allergic to them, but cephalexin is considered only for short term use. What about TPM-SMZ? -Reticuli <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:20, 23 April 2011 (UTC)

Ototoxicity
Anyone aware of any research indicated it's ototoxic, like some other antibiotics? -Reticuli <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:33, 23 April 2011 (UTC)
 * No. Antibiotic-related ototoxicity is mostly restricted to the aminoglycosides and, to a far lesser extent and for different reasons, the macrolides. The diuretic furosemide (a sulfonamide, as is sulfamethoxazole) can be ototoxic, but the effect has nothing to do with the sulfa structure. Fvasconcellos (t·c) 21:58, 23 April 2011 (UTC)

CSM Current Guidelines
The Committee on Safety of Medicines ceased to exist in 2005, so it can't have current guidelines. The Commission on Human Medicines may have the same current guidelines, but I don't know. I hope someone can dig out a relevant citation PRB (talk) 13:06, 17 July 2012 (UTC)

ANCA vasculitis
Co-trimoxazole is recommended for what used to be called Wegener granulomatosis limited to the upper respiratory tract, because of its favorable adverse effect profile compared to the other treatments. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=208292 JAMA. 2007;298(6):655-669. doi:10.1001/jama.298.6.655 --Nbauman (talk) 04:49, 14 February 2013 (UTC)

Front pic
Hi, people, I'm sorry if me changing the lead pic to two structural images causes any upset but I feel something more informative about the properties of the drug would be more helpful as a lead pic in the drugbox. Fuse809 (talk) 09:11, 7 January 2014 (UTC)

Breastfeeding
This source gives a better overview https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.html Specifically "LactMed: Use is considered acceptable when breastfeeding healthy, full-term infants after the newborn period; alternate agents are recommended in jaundiced, ill, stressed, or premature infants. Use should be avoided while breastfeeding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient infants." Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 21:15, 21 November 2019 (UTC)

 * So how do you propose summarizing it? Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 01:07, 22 November 2019 (UTC)

Article title
This article should be named Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim to match the order in the drugs.

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f59d0c04-9c66-4d53-a0e1-cb55570deb62

https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/psusa/sulfametrole/trimethoprim-sulfadiazine/trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim-co-trimoxazole-list-nationally-authorised-medicinal-products-psusa/00010593/201903_en.pdf

The WHO EML uses sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim

Whywhenwhohow (talk) 03:36, 15 April 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole


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Cristian Zendejas

Cristian Zendejas (born 1999) is an American football kicker who currently plays college football for Arizona State.

Early years
Zendejas attended Perry High School, in Gilbert, Arizona, a Phoenix suburb. As a senior, he made 10-of-11 field goals with a long of 47 yards and 67-of-70 extra points. He received 6A first-team All-Region and first-team All-Premier Region honors.

College career
Zendejas walked-on at Arizona State University. He was redshirted in 2017. As a freshman in 2018, he was one of the backups behind sophomore Brandon Ruiz.

As a sophomore in 2019, he became the team's starter at kicker, after Ruiz suffered a groin injury and was lost for the year. He began the season by making 8-for-8 in field goal attempts and was rewarded with a football scholarship after the third game against Michigan State University. He finished seventh in the nation in field goals made (23) and twentieth in field goal percentage (85.2). He tied a Sun Bowl record with 4 field goals made in a single-game. He made 23 field goals on 27 attempts, ranking seventh in the nation and first in the Pac-12 Conference. His field-goal-percentage (85.2) ranked No. 20 in the nation and he became just the fifth player in school history to make 20 or more field goals in a single-season.

As a junior in 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Arizona State only played 4 contests during the season. He was 2 out of 4 with kicks from 40-plus yards and began to be platooned in the second game with redshirt freshman Jack Luckhurst. He made 2 out of 4 field goals and 9 extra point attempts.

On January 6, 2021, he entered his name into the NCAA transfer portal. On August 28, he announced on his Instagram account that he would be returning to the team. He appeared in 12 games, making 8 out of 11 field goals (72.7%) and 40 out of 41 extra points (97.6%).

On January 24, 2022, he entered the NCAA transfer portal for the second time in his college career.

Personal life
His father Luis Zendejas played kicker for ASU and, later, in the NFL. His uncles Joaquin, Max, Tony, and Marty were also kickers in the NFL. His god father Gerald Walsh also kicked in college for Hampden Sydney.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cristian Zendejas


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Talk:Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)/Archive 1

Comment
Any additional input welcome. GenQuest (talk) 22:54, 14 September 2010 (UTC)

Note: Please respect sections with the templates and do not edit for now to avoid conflicts. -Thanks - ✅ - GenQuest (talk) 05:32, 29 September 2010 (UTC)

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Olesa de Bonesvalls

Olesa de Bonesvalls is a village and municipality in the Alt Penedès comarca in Catalonia, Spain. Until 1990 it was included in Garraf comarca.

It is located in the Garraf natural park, and includes its highest peak Montau, at 653m. The land is stony karst with many caves, notably "Avenc de l'Esquerrà" at 348 m, the deepest in Spain.

Its most notable building is Hospital de Cervelló, a fortified hostel complex for travellers dating from 1262, which has remained in good condition.

Its economy is based mainly around agriculture, predominantly vineyards and orchards, and small local industry.

Its population was 1,735 in 2014. The municipality is traversed by the road between the towns of Avinyonet del Penedès and Gavà.

History
In 1262 Olesa de Bonesvalls hosted a two-floor hospital whose architecture reproduced the Italian infirmaries of Fossanova, Viterbo and Casamari. Olesa was one of the oldest Spanish hospitals, along with Coll de Balaguer and Vich.

title: Olesa de Bonesvalls


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John Munroe

John Munroe (c. 1796 – 26 April 1861) was a United States soldier who was military governor of New Mexico between 1849 and 1851.

Early career
John Munroe was born in Scotland about 1796. He graduated from West Point in 1814, and was assigned to the artillery. He served in the War of 1812 and Seminole Wars. Munroe was chief of artillery under General Zachary Taylor in the Mexican–American War of 1846–1847. During the occupation of Mexico City he became an original member of the Aztec Club of 1847.

By order of 26 May 1849, Brevet Colonel John Munroe was ordered to Santa Fe to relieve Brevet Lieutenant Colonel John M. Washington. Munroe became military governor of New Mexico in October 1849.

Governor of New Mexico
Munroe was out of his depth as governor of New Mexico, and ran into severe administrative problems. New Mexico had been under military rule since it was occupied by the United States in 1846. By 1850, although there were strongly opposed political factions in New Mexico, most were united in opposing the continued military government. Munroe convened a constitutional assembly in May, which ratified a constitution by 6,771 votes to 39. The constitution envisaged New Mexico as being a State. On 18 July 1850 the U.S. Senate received a copy of Munroe's report dated 13 May 1850 telling them that the elections had been held and he was optimistic about the outcome of the convention.

On 7 June 1850 Henry Clay (who had not yet heard of these events) spoke in the Senate on the subject of the Texas territorial claims in New Mexico. Towards the end of his speech he said of Munroe, "... who now holds in his hands perhaps the destinies of Santa Fe and New Mexico. He looks on wholly indifferent, and is neutral in the struggle about to arise of the people of Santa Fe, composed, I understand, of American citizens, Mexicans and Spaniards, this side of the Rio del Norte, and the authorities of Texas. And this neutrality is to be kept by ... the lieutenant colonel, who has the dealing out of civil commissions, acting ... as if he were the Autocrat of the Russias."

The constitution, modelled on other recently formed states, included a clause that prohibited slavery. It was adopted on 20 June 1850, and state officers were elected. Henry Connelly was elected Governor and Manuel Alvarez Lieutenant-governor. Since Connelley was absent in the States, Alvarez assumed the position of Acting Governor. However, Colonel Munroe forbade the assumption of civil power by the elected officials. The result was a deadlock that lasted for several months. On 9 September 1850 the U.S. Senate passed a compromise bill that included an act to organize a government for New Mexico as a territory, and this overrode the state legislature. James S. Calhoun was appointed governor with effect as of 3 March 1851, succeeding John Munroe.

Later years
John Munroe continued serving in the Army until his death on 26 April 1861 in New Brunswick, New Jersey.

title: John Munroe


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verbal authority

Noun

 * 1) Right or permission authorized verbally rather than in writing.
 * I acted by verbal authority, even though I couldn't be sure my superior would confirm I'd been authorized.

title: verbal authority


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Electronics/Inductor Construction

An inductor is the electrical equivalent of a flywheel. When you introduce energy to an inductor, the current flows slowly at first, just like a flywheel doesn't instantly get up to speed. And if you try to stop a flywheel instantly, something will break. If you let current through an inductor, then open the switch, the energy of the inductor must go somewhere - it will arc back across the switch, quickly ruining it - thus the condensor used in coil-type automotive ignition systems: it stores the energy until the inefficiency of the flywheel can turn it into heat.

Inductors are formed of a coil of conductive material. Normally they are made of copper wire, but not always (Example: aluminum wire, or spiral pattern etched on circuit board). The material around and within the coil affects its properties; common types are air-core (only a coil of wire), iron-core, and ferrite core. Iron and ferrite types are more efficient because they conduct the magnetic field much better than air; of the two, ferrite is more efficient because stray electricity cannot flow through it. Ferrite is more expensive but operates at much higher frequencies than iron cores.

Some inductors have more than a core, which is just a rod the coil is formed about. Some are formed like transformers, using two E-shaped pieces facing each other, the wires wound about the central leg of the E's. The E's are made of laminated iron/steel or ferrite.

Toroidal inductors are most efficient of all, they are wound around a donut shape which is made of ferrite. They are more difficult to make, because the formed coil cannot be manufactured directly on the toroid - it must be wound onto it.

Important qualities of angf inductor

There are several important properties for an inductor.
 * Current carrying capacity is determined by wire thickness.
 * Q, or quality, is determined by the uniformity of the windings, as well as the core material and how thoroughly it surrounds the coil.
 * Last but not least, the inductance of the coil.

The inductance is determined by several factors.
 * coil shape: short and squat is best
 * core material
 * windings: winding in opposite directions will cancel out the inductance effect, and you will have only a resistor.

(someone add formulas etc. for determining inductance, please.)

title: Electronics/Inductor Construction


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Balak (tribe)

Balak, باڵەک, Balek is an ancient Kurdish tribe living in the former Soran Emirate which is now part of Erbil Governorate in Southern Kurdistan. it is located in the mountainous region of northern Erbil Governorate in Southern Kurdistan. People from the Balak area speak a language that is mixed in the Kurdish Sorani dialect and the Kurdish Kurmanji dialect.

Distribution
Like most Kurdish tribes, the people from the Balak tribe mainly live in mountains. Balak area ranges from Rawanduz district in the southwest, to the Haji Omaran sub-district in the northeast.

There are a total two main districts located in Balak; namely Choman and Rawanduz, and five sub-districts: Warte, Smilan, Galala, Qasre and Haji Omaran. It is located 120 km north of Erbil, the capital of the Erbil Governorate and borders Eastern Kurdistan region in Iran.

History
Choman is considered the capital of the Balak tribe nowadays. Rawanduz was the capital of the Emirate of Soran, which was based in the geographic region of Kurdistan, specifically in what is today known as Southern Kurdistan.

The emirate gained its full independence from the Ottoman Empire shortly after its capture from Safavid control in the 1530s. It was later reincorporated into the Ottoman Empire and served as a semi-autonomous vassal state for two centuries. The emirate slowly regained full independence for a second time during the late 18th century and early 19th century, but was once again eventually subdued by Ottoman troops in 1835. The city of Rawanduz served as the capital during most of its reign.

During his travels across Kurdistan in October and November 1836, Major Rawlinson observes that the Mîr of Rawanduz, Muhammad Pasha, brought tribesmen under his sway and conscripted a male from each family into his service as was his usual custom, and that the Balak tribe contingent proved to of great service to him.

The Name
The name of the Balak tribe came from the area that they inhabit. The earliest mention of Balak tribe comes from a 14th-century book, Masalik al-absar fi mamalik al-amsar, authored by the Arab geographer Ibn Fadl Allah Al-'Omari, the name Balak is said to be derived from Balakan village in Northern Kurdistan.

Balakan means "Home of the Balaks". The Balaks are also mentioned by the Ottoman Sharif Pasha who writes in his report that some clans of the Balak reside in Zooka and Mashkan regions of Northern Kurdistan. The Balak Tribe are also mentioned in the Seyahatname by Evliya Çelebi.

Leaders and notables from Mala Sharafi Clan (Balak)

 * Mala Sharaf Landlord and Chief of Balak tribe. 17th Century.
 * Mustafa Agha Nawpirdani, the most popular leader of the Balak Tribe, he came from a nationalist family and started off as a Peshmerga at the revolts in his area of Balakayati the Aylul Revolution in 1974 and continued on till 1983. Then he went undercover into the Iraqi Government and became Commander of the 33rd Regiment and the 48th special detachment of the Iraqi Army (estimated to be nearly 6,000 soldiers) all under his command working undercover for the Peshmerga, due to continuous support and aid for the KDP and PUK Peshmerga’s through weapons, equipment, money, and medical supplies. He was improvised, imprisoned, and was sentenced to death, but was luckily granted a presidential pardon and ended up serving three years in the notorious Abu Ghraib prison. After being released, through his strong connections and relations with the KDP leadership, he rejoined the Peshmerga and regrouped his tribes forces and Peshmerga’s (estimated to be 3,000 soldiers) with which he planned and participated the uprisings against Saddam Hussein’s regime. On 11 March 1991, after fighting numerous heroic battles in Erbil, in which he captured Pirzin and Shaways from the Baathist forces. He died during an ambush on his convoy on the way to the Citadel of Erbil, becoming the first martyr of Erbils Raparin. His legacy still lives on in the Balak tribe, he's often named the charismatic irreplaceable leader and he still hasn't been replaced to this day.
 * Shaikh Muhammad Agha (Died in 1952) Balak's most powerful Leader. Established good relations with both the British Government and the King of Iraq. He became a member of the Iraqi Parliament in 1938.
 * Shemhamad Balak, prominent Peshmerga commander, former Politburo member of PASOK.
 * Hasan Kwestani (1950-1994) Prominent Peshmarga Leader in Patriotic Union of Kurdistan. He was assassinated by the KDP on 17 May 1994.

Other notables

 * Hamadamin Nawpirdani, Senior Cadre in the Kurdistan Democratic Party and official in the Kurdistan Regional Government, Former Director of Education of the Kurdish Capital of Erbil, and the brother of Mustafa Nawpirdani.
 * Nafiz Mustafa Nawpirdani, Member and head of oil and gas commission in the Erbil Provincial Council, high status member in the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, and the eldest son of the late leader Mustafa Nawpirdani.
 * Sheikh Muhammad Balak, a leader of the Suhrawardiyya Sufi order in the 17th century.
 * Azad Jundiani (1960) Senior Advisor of President Barzani
 * Hemin Malazade anchorman. at Rudaw TV and 24/7 Kurdish News Channel

title: Balak (tribe)