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Takayuki Yagami

Takayuki Yagami (八神 隆之), "Tak" (ター坊) for short, is a character in Sega's 2018 action-adventure video game Judgment, which is a spin-off from the Yakuza game series. Yagami is a former defense attorney who resigns after a client he successfully defended kills their partner. Three years later, Yagami is a private detective in his own "Yagami Detective Agency" (八神探偵事務所) and investigates a serial killer who gouges out their victims' eyes. The character returns in Lost Judgment as he investigates a criminal accused of both sexual harassment and murder. Yagami is voiced by Takuya Kimura in Japanese and by Greg Chun in English. Yagami's physical appearance is also based on Kimura.

When developing Yagami, the Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio team wanted to create a new type of main character following the release of Yakuza 6: The Song of Life, which concludes the story of series protagonist Kazuma Kiryu. Contrasting Kiryu's strong, heroic presence, Yagami is meant to be a more relatable character due to his troubled life. To differentiate between the two protagonists, Yagami was given sidequests in which he becomes friends with residents of Kamurocho. Takuya Kimura was chosen to voice Yagami to appeal to a wide audience. Greg Chun, who played Yagami in English-language versions of the game, said the role was challenging but enjoyable.

Critical response to Yagami has been generally positive. Video game journalists have praised the depth of Yagami's character arc and backstory in Judgment, and have favorably compared him to former protagonist Kiryu. Kimura and Chun have both been commended for their portrayals of the character.

Personality and influences
Since the game Yakuza 6: The Song of Life concluded the story of Yakuza series protagonist Kazuma Kiryu, the Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio game developers wanted to create a distinctive character for the story. At the behest of producer Kazuki Hosokawa, the team decided the character should be a detective. The biggest influence was the Paul Newman film The Verdict, in which Newman's character Frank Galvin suffers a crisis similar to Yagami's in regards to his career as a lawyer. In order to establish a stark contrast between Kiryu and the new protagonist, the staff wanted to develop Yagami as a more flawed character, with his fall from grace and gradual redemption arc being designed to appeal to players who wanted a more distinct and relatable protagonist. Due to the popularity of detective stories, Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio wrote Yagami as a man who would become more knowledgeable alongside the player as the game progressed.

Sega described Yagami as "a man of conviction who fights for his beliefs, despite the overwhelming despair surrounding him".

Executive director and writer Toshihiro Nagoshi said the detective idea drew on multiple influences, primarily Korean films. Because there are few games based on detective dramas, Hosokawa wanted Yagami to stand out but recognized creating a new character is a major challenge. To make a protagonist who would be a fitting successor to Kiryu, Hosokawa wanted Yagami to be "more grounded to fit the noir vibe". He also said: "'When you’re writing a story and there’s a really solid character that’s been around for a long time, the character dictates what happens next. In contrast to that, with Yagami, at the start of development we didn’t really have anything attached to him at all. It was a challenge, but also an opportunity for a development team that has been working so long on the same series.'"

The staff wanted the protagonist to have a deep connection to the city. To emphasize this, they introduced a gameplay mechanic known as the Friendship System, allowing Yagami to befriend and form bonds with the residents of Kamurocho. The developers used the main story to explore facets of Yagami's personality, using sidequests to please fans wanting a balance between seriousness and comedy. Hosokawa regarded the friendship system as one of his favorite parts of Judgment due to the bonds Yagami forms with other characters. As a result, Hosokawa believes that a Judgment sequel would have to remain in Kamurocho due to Yagami's strong connection with the city and its people. In contrast to previous Yakuza protagonists, who are often only visitors to Kamurocho, Yagami was written as a civilian resident in the city, allowing his social life to be further explored.

Localization producer Scott Strichart said though fans might miss previous Yakuza characters, like Kiryu and Goro Majima, he hoped they would be receptive to Yagami, describing him as "his own person – super smart, a razor-sharp wit, and a guy who harbours his own flaws, too". Strichart discussed that the portrayals of yakuza are faithful to the main series due to multiple characters being involved in the clans. However, Yagami was noted for standing out within the cast as he has multiple life choices in contrast to others who are forced to be yakuza or already have a path.

The relationship between Yagami and his ex-lover Mafuyu Fujii was changed during development because Nagoshi found the romance spoiled the thriller aspects of Judgment. Nagoshi also expressed doubts about the game's popularity in English-speaking countries because Takuya Kimura is not popular in Western regions. Following the release of the game, Sega staff felt that if there should be a sequel to Judgment, Yagami and his partner Masaharu Kaito would retain their lead roles and would still be set in Kamurocho.

In Lost Judgment, the narrative focuses primarily on bullying as they consider it as a "Distorted justice" which clashes with Yagami's morals. Strichart commented that Yagami is not a hero so he is not able to solve all these cases on his which contrast the fantasy style Persona 5 which often deals with the protagonists saving victims using their powers. During Lost Judgment Yagami meets handyman Jin Kuwana who instead tries to solve every attempt of bullying regardless of methods. In contrast to Judgment, the sequel does not end on satisfactory note for Yagami as Kuwana manages to escape from the protagonist. Nevertheless, Yagami demonstrates a major influence on the bullies he meets in the game's beginning to the point they become heroic figures during the climax. Due to the character's unspecified age in Lost Judgment, Sega hopes to feature him as the protagonist at least one time again in video game form. Hosokawa commented the player should sympathize with the lead, which made Yagami's characterization to be consistent with the first game with the idea that Yagami is a common person without supernatural powers.

Casting
Early in the development of Judgment, the developers considered using a famous actor to portray Yagami, deciding upon Takuya Kimura. Nagoshi was afraid audiences would accuse them of toning down the character due to Kimura's popularity. However, Kimura was open to the team's suggestions and worked with the developers to hone the character. Yagami has more spoken dialogue in Judgment than Kiryu had in any individual Yakuza game. Sega was pleased with Kimura's performance, noting he needed far fewer retakes during recording than they anticipated. Some lines were rewritten to better fit Kimura's delivery, but the writers ensured these changes would not deviate from Yagami's personality. The game's dialogue was recorded in chronological order so players would feel Kimura's voice evolving as Yagami's character develops during the story. Kimura enjoyed his work on the game, and Nagoshi remarked on Kimura's quick response to his messages. In contrast with previous Yakuza titles, the game was not recorded until after the whole scenario was written, which helped Kimura and the other actors. Yagami's character was revealed alongside the Japanese marketing of the game in September 2018. Sega stated that Kimura "more than 1,000 minutes of voice recording time for his lines". As a result, the company aimed to bring a major appeal in the protagonist. Kimura's influence in Judgment was compared to Keanu Reeves's in Cyberpunk 2077 as the Nagoshi believes the games would make extra sales as a result of their popularities. However, did not want Kimura's presence to be the only reason why Judgment would be popular.

Nagoshi also expressed doubts about the game's popularity in English-speaking countries because Kimura is not popular in Western regions. The game also references other parts of Kimura's career, such as the dialogue line "Chotte mateyo" (Hey, wait a minute!), a line spoken by Kimura's character in the 1997 television drama Love Generation and Yagami's use of multiple outfits like Kimura. Stritchart claimed that Kimura's inclusion as Yagami was kept in secret between staff members, shocking the localization staff when the first video of Yagami was revealed. Stritchart was initially confused, believing Yagami's similarities with Kimura might be accidental but the inclusion of his lines made him realize the actor's connections.

Localization
Based on his previous knowledge of the Yakuza franchise, Greg Chun was surprised and pleased to be selected to voice Yagami in the English-language version of Judgment. Yagami's voice was meant to make him sound like a "bona fide badass" regardless of language, something the localization team believed they succeeded at. The actor found his work on the game gratifying, saying, "it really did require me to let go of the tricks that you use to push a performance through, and I really did need to fall back on authenticity and genuine groundedness". He claimed that staying faithful to the "spirit of the Japanese version" was challenging, but enjoyed portraying Yagami's blend of seriousness and comedy. He said having to scream in certain parts of the game was difficult. Chun was surprised by the depth of Yagami's character arc, considering his work on the game an unforgettable experience. Nevertheless, Chun felt the character easy to connect with because of his realistic characterization.

For Lost Judgment, Chun noted that the predecessor helped to properly develop Yagami to the point he seemed like another person when quitting his lawyer occupation as he took a liking to being a humble detective; This was mostly seen through the scene where Yagami tells Kaito that they should search for a lady's cat as part of their job in pleased manner something the localization team enjoyed recording. As a result, he claims that for the sequel "the game kind of teed me up to really be in that Yagami mindset where, yeah, I love being a detective, but some cases are real bummer and super boring." However, in regards to the narrative, he claimed that he had to keep "living the character" due to new elements provided. He believes that Lost Judgment explores more Yagami's anger, something the first game did not focus on.

Fighting style
Although Yagami claims that his fighting style is self taught to the point of calling it "Kamurocho School" (神室町流), the creators of the game were inspired by Chinese martial arts. Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio developed multiple techniques for Yagami. While the team had experience thanks to the main Yakuza game, they felt that Yagami should have own new investigative actions. This was provided by the fact that Judgment is a "legal suspense" game and thus were restricted to techniques that fit the genre. This was balanced by giving Yagami his own detective skills not present in any of their previous works. Nagoshi wanted to make Yagami's moves entertaining in order to make the player relief stress from the dark narrative but did not want him to use over-the-top fighting techniques. Yagami was given the Parkour moves like the wall kick with the intention of making the character being easy to control. Yagami's fighting style was inspired by Asian movies with a stylishness based on Kung Fu style and Parkour moves at the same time. In order to fit the actor behind the character, Nagoshi claimed that he drew parallels from Power Rangers-like characters. This further made Nagoshi felt Yagami's character would be fitting to Kimura.

In the original Japanese version of the game, Yagami's fighting styles are known as Flash (一閃, Issen) and Waltz (円舞, Enbu) stances. Sega changed them for the Western release to crane-style and tiger-style stances since they found order to these two words more common for English speakers. As downloadable content, Yagami can perform Qi techcniques. For Lost Judgment a new fighting style known as Snake was added; it was based on Aikido with Nagoshi commenting it served as a merciful style. Lost Judgment also features a fourth fighting style, Fists of Might, based on boxing, as part of an optional paid downloadable content pack.

Judgment
Born in 1983, Takayuki Yagami is orphaned as a teenager after his attorney father proves an accused murderer innocent, leading the victim's father to kill his parents in retribution. Yagami moves to Kamurocho, where he is taken in and raised by yakuza patriarch Mitsugu Matsugane. Matsugane's friend Ryuzo Genda takes an interest in Yagami, paying his law school tuition and later hiring him to work at his law firm. Yagami gains widespread recognition in 2015 after proving Advanced Drug Development Center (ADDC) janitor Shinpei Okubo innocent of murdering patient Koichi Waku. Shortly thereafter, Okubo is arrested for killing his girlfriend Emi Terasawa and burning down his apartment. As a result, Yagami gives up practicing law.

Three years later, at the beginning of Judgment, Yagami has become a private detective, working alongside former Matsugane family yakuza Masaharu Kaito. While helping prove Matsugane captain Kyohei Hamura innocent of murder, Yagami becomes interested in a serial murder case in which the victims' eyes are removed from the bodies. Dubbing the killer "The Mole", Yagami and Kaito begin investigating the case with help from several others.

After the Mole kills Yagami's former colleague Masamichi Shintani, Yagami discovers ties between the Mole and ADDC doctor Yoji Shono. Yagami meets Shigeru Kajihira, who reveals a failed plan to take over the area around the ADDC for a land redevelopment program that was foiled when researchers claimed to have found a potential cure for Alzheimer's disease named "AD-9". Kajihira asks Yagami to investigate the death of former ADDC vice-director Toru Hashiki. While police detective Mitsuru Kuroiwa accuses fellow detective Kazuya Ayabe of being the Mole, Yagami theorizes the real culprit is conducting human experiments to test the effectiveness of AD-9 and that the deaths of Waku, Shintani and Hashiki were failed experiments. He also suspects Shono killed Terasawa to cover up the experiments.

After Matsugane is killed defending them both from the Mole, Hamura tells Yagami that Kuroiwa is the Mole and provides Yagami with evidence of the ADDC's connection to Shintani's murder. Yagami successfully defends Ayabe in court and proves the ADDC's involvement in the murders. During the trial, Yagami learns Kuroiwa has escaped and pursues him to the ADDC. Yagami defeats Kuroiwa, who is shot by the police, while Shono dies of side effects from an AD-9 injection. The court frees Okubo and places the others involved in the conspiracy under arrest. In the aftermath, Yagami declines to take up law again and continues to work with Kaito at the Yagami Detective Agency.

Lost Judgment
Yagami returns in the 2021 game Lost Judgment. Producer Kazuki Hosokawa claimed that a new side of Yagami's personality would be explored when interacting with high school students. Yagami and Kaito help two detectives from Yokohama in Yokohama's Seiryo High School. He is then called by Shirosaki at the Genda Law Office whose client, Akihiro Ehara, was arrested and convicted for sexual battery, but during his court testimony he revealed he knew about the death of Hiro Mikoshiba, who he holds responsible for his son's suicide. As Yagami investigates, he discovers that Ehara's case is connected to an attempted suicide in 2008 which led to the victim, Mitsuru Kusumoto, being trapped in a coma. Yagami learns from Seiryo teacher Yoko Sawa that Mikoshiba was in fact bullying Toshiro, but she was coerced by the school to stay silent. During this investigation, Yagami meets handyman Jin Kuwana who acts as an ally and is related with the deaths of bullies. However, despite these successes, Yagami is unable to save Sawa from being murdered by the RK, a Hangure gang led by Kazuki Soma, who are hunting Kuwana.

Sawa's death angers Yagami as he is unable to find evidence to capture Soma. Yagami discovers that the police have pinned Sawa's death on Kuwana. Further investigation leads to Yagami discovering that the National Police Agency's Public Security Division, led by Hidemi Bando, has secretly hired RK to capture Kuwana, as they have learned that Mitsuru's mother, Vice Health Minister Reiko Kusumoto, murdered one of Mitsuru's bullies, Shinya Kawai, with Kuwana's assistance. Yagami wants Kuwana to offer himself to the police but they clash as the latter share's Kuwana assistance. After Kuwana fakes his death in a ship, Yagami joins Shirosaki at having Ehara confess his true crime to the law, using a recording of the students that reveals that Mikoshiba was responsible for Toshiro's suicide.

Following this case, Yagami and his friends face the RK in order to save them from Kuwana. Yagami manages to capture Soma after several battles. Kuwana still refuses to turn himself even after being defeated by Yagami but as there is no proof that of his crimes, he escapes. Before his departure, Yagami tells Kuwana that he while the law might not be perfect, he will fight for its sake and arrest him the next time they meet.

Reception
Critical response to Takayuki Yagami has been generally positive. Upon his revelation before the game's release, RPGSite found his moves more entertaining than previous Yakuza leads, citing them as "Not only is Yagami more agile and lithe than the characters introduced through the Yakuza series, his style is arguably flashier and more acrobatic." GamesRadar considered Yagami's character one of the biggest differences between Judgment and the Yakuza games, highlighting Yagami's different worldview; the reviewer praised Yagami because he stands out both physically and mentally. IGN India and Entertainment Focus enjoyed the character's personality and depth provided by his role in the story. Engadget called him a "flawed but lovable hero" for his sense of honor, comparing him to detectives in television dramas. RPGamer and IGN called Yagami a likable hero and considered his character arc the best part of the game, His dynamic with Kaito was praised by GameSpot and Siliconera due to the duo's likable chemistry. Upon first seeing him, VideoGamer found potential for an entertaining hero with his martial arts providing more entertainment and further compared him with the detective Philip Marlowe from the novel The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler making Yagami a classic sleuth. Due to their similar jobs, Yagami has often been compared to Phoenix Wright, the main character from Capcom's Ace Attorney series, alongside backtories.

Several outlets compared and contrasted Yagami with Kazuma Kiryu. Multiple writers found the differences between Yagami's upbeat attitude and Kiryu's stoic nature to be interesting, praising the handling of Yagami. GameSpot considered it challenging to see Yagami as a true successor to Kiryu's legacy but liked the narrative presented through the character, comparing him to fellow Yakuza character Shun Akiyama. USGamer and HobbyConsolas were more critical, saying Yagami is not as appealing as his predecessor and that his backstory is similar to Kiryu's. Following the worldwide success of Judgment, PushSquare and GamesRadar said they would enjoy to see Yagami return in a sequel, with GamesRadar finding him as a fitting successor to Kiryu.

Yagami's role in Lost Judgment was praised by Destructoid for giving new parts of his personality that are developed in the narrative. Both Computer Games Magazine and GameSpot felt that the sequel had Yagami struggle with the themes of whether or not the lead is able to deal justice by himself. Additionally, the subplot of Yagami working in a school attracted positive response by the same publication due to how fun it becomes. Although he does not team up with Kaito many times in the sequel, GameSpot felt that Yagami became a more likable character in the sequel and is able to deliver emotional scenes properly. In particular Inverse enjoyed the dynamics between Yagami and supporting character Kyoko Amasawa when interacting in the school. RPGFan found Yagami's time dealing with high school students in Lost Judgment as one of the best side stories in ever developed by Sega for both Yakuza and Lost Judgment due to the multiple tactics employed by the protagonist to work out with teenagers which serves as a major contrast to the dark main narrative of the game. GamingBolt in particular praised Yagami's fighting styles, considering one of the best executed in gaming as well as Heat sequences.

Journalists also commented on the vocal performances of Yagami's two voice actors. RPGamer gave Judgment its Editors' Choice Award for Best Voice Acting, praising both Kimura and Chun's performances as Yagami. VG247, Kotaku USGamer noted Kimura's appeal to female Japanese fans based on his portrayal of the character. Chun's performance as Yagami was praised by The Hollywood Reporter and Game Informer, with EGM Now finding his performance more striking than Kimura's. In the 2020 NAVGTR Awards, Kimura was nominated for the "Performance in a Drama, Lead" award for his work as Yagami, but lost to Charlotte McBurney's Amicia from A Plague Tale: Innocence. Due to Kimura's popularity within Judgment, Japanese fans have often nicknamed the game Kimutaku ga Gotoku (キムタクが如く) with "Kimutaku" being a short of Takuya Kimura while "Gotoku" ("Like a" Japanese) as a reference to the original Japanese title of the Yakuza franchise: Yakuza. For Lost Judgment both actors received equal positive response especially when Yagami is involved in a dark scene. In the 2022 "Famitsu Dengeki Game Awards", Lost Judgment' won "Best Actor Award" for Kimura's performance as Yagami.

Analysis
In regards to the way Judgment was translated by Sega, Matteo Fabbretti from Translation Matters noted that the localization of the game makes a major contrast between Yagami's and Kaito's dialogues. In the English version, Yagami retains the Japanese honorifics the Yakuza series is known for while Kaito instead comes with an idea of scepticism. Jacqueline Roshman from Dalarna University noted that the translation in Lost Judgment also tries being faithful to the original Japanese version with Yagami often being called "Yagami-shi" with the honorifics referring to his status as a detective while others kept focused on to properly change Yagami's impoliteness while interacting with Kuwana or when talking in a friendly manner with Kaito. In the book Globalization and Sense-Making Practices, Yagami was compared with Kasuga due to how both possess a complex sense of morality despite the differences in style between the two Judgment games and the Like a Dragon games that were released after Yakuza 6 while drawing parallels about the handling of bullying heavily explore in Persona 5 which Yagami also tries to solve in Lost Judgment.

Controversy
In July 2021, Sega expressed concern over the usage of Kimura's appearance for Yagami. Kimura's talent agency, Johnny & Associates disapproved the idea of Judgment and Lost Judgment being ported to the PC, fearing improper usage of their actor. As a result, writers expressed fear over the future of Judgment series to the point Lost Judgment might be the final game in the series due to Johnny & Associates disliking the apparent changes to the PC and Sega failing to get approval to make Steam ports in the process. In response, The Gamer said that a sequel to Judgment is still possible with another character that might replace Yagami and continue the narrative like Sugiura or Kaito.

title: Takayuki Yagami


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跳出

Verb

 * 1) to jump out of; to free oneself from; to quit
 * 2) to appear suddenly
 * 3) to display from within software

title: 跳出


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User:DAVINDER S GILL/sandbox

Chand Singh Gill was born in 1920 in Dhudike, Punjab (Faridkot District at that time, now Moga) to Jwala Singh and Maha Kaur. His exact date of birth is not known. He was the younger of two children, and had one older brother Lachman Singh. It is said that Chand Singh’s father was also an only child. Chand Singh came from a generation of Jatt Sikh farmers.

Chand Singh did his schooling in Dhudike, but this is not confirmed. The exact details of his upbringing are not known. One narrative states Jwala Singh left his family of a wife and young children and became a wandering monk. Thus, it is possible Chand Singh grew up without a father figure in his life.

On 19th December 1936, at the age of 16, Chand Singh enrolled in the British Army in Sialkot as a Sepoy in the 3rd battalion of the 16th Punjab Regiment. His regimental badge number was 11004.

Almost immediately after being drafted, Chand Singh was dispatched to Waziristan, North West Frontier to fight in his first combat. The Waziristan campaign 1936–1939 comprised a number of operations conducted in Waziristan by British and Indian forces against the fiercely independent tribesmen that inhabited this region.

These operations were conducted in 1936–1939, when operations were undertaken against followers of the Pashtun nationalist Mirzali Khan, also known by the British as the "Faqir of Ipi", a religious and political agitator who was spreading anti-British sentiment in the region and undermining the prestige of the Indian government in Waziristan at the time.

For his courage and bravery demonstrated during the Waziristan Campaign, Chand Singh was awarded the India General Services medal No. 1486 with clasp NWF 1936-37.

Later in his military career, Chand Singh earned an Indian Army Certificate of Education (Third Class) in an examination held on 28th August 1939 in Karachi under the authority of His Excellency, Commander-in-Chief of India. Chand Singh qualified as a driver of MT - Mechanised Transport. The Certificate No. 14869/G.S./MT-2 was signed by Major Jackson, the Commanding Officer of the 3rd battalion 16th Punjab Regiment. It mentioned that Chand Singh excelled in Map Reading.

Chand Singh was promoted to the rank of Havildar.

On 7th March 1941, at age 21, Chand Singh embarked on a ship from Bombay and was dispatched by the British Army to Malaya to fight the Japanese forces who were about to invade Malaya and Singapore during the Second World War. He disembarked at Malaya in 17 March 1941 most likely at the western port of Penang along the Straits of Malacca.

In Malaya, Chand Singh was a soldier in Column 271 of the 3rd battalion 16th Punjab Regiment. He was assigned to fight the Japanese in Operation Krohcol led by Lt.Col Henry Dawson Moorhead. The Operation was named Krohcol as it was operating from the town of Kroh at the Perak-Thailand border and 'col' is short for column (meaning battle group).

Three ad hoc columns were put together to harass and delay the Japanese advance from their beachheads at Songkhla and Pattani. Krohcol was the most important of the three.

Krohcol was tasked with the destruction of the feature known as the Ledge. Destruction of the Ledge would effectively block the road from Pattani thereby ensuring the security of 11th Indian Infantry Division's line of communication and retreat.

For the Japanese capture of the Ledge would allow them access to the rear areas of the 11th Indian Division, either forcing the British to retreat from Perak and Kedah or if they were fast enough they could even cut the 11th Indian Division off entirely.

Nearly two-thirds of the soldiers in column 271 were killed in action by the Japanese. Chand Singh survived but was captured by the Japanese and helped as a prisoner of war in Serawak Island, Malaya.

Formation of Indian National Army and Chand Singh’s role in Special Services Group (SSG).....

title: User:DAVINDER S GILL/sandbox


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Talk:The Forest of Love

Title
English translation of title is wrong. Currently: (Japanese: 愛なき森で叫べ, romanized: Ainaki Mori de Sakebe, lit. 'Scream in the Forest of Love') It Translation should be 'Scream in the Loveless Forest' 愛なき (Ainaki) means without love. The 'naki' ending is a negation. Also, scream is not a noun here, it's the imperative verb. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:30, 2 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Be bold. I made the change accordingly. -- Jibal (talk) 08:36, 21 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Forest of Love


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Talk:Angela Scanlon

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Angela Scanlon. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150211130908/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG9871352/Whos-that-girl-Angela-Scanlon.html to http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG9871352/Whos-that-girl-Angela-Scanlon.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:32, 13 October 2016 (UTC)

dear wikibot- please have a look at the link to ms scanlon's own website. curious while watching reruns of "robot wars", I clicked on it & it asked me for login details, rather as if the link is to allow edit access to the site, & not merely to view it.

duncanrmi (talk) 13:08, 29 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Angela Scanlon


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Learning the vi Editor/Getting acquainted

Overview
vi is a powerful editor that is ubiquitous amongst Unix and Unix-like operating systems, but is available on many other operating systems, even on MS-DOS, Windows and the Macintosh. If not the original vi, there is usually at least a good clone available that runs on your system. Even if you use another editor you must have a passing knowledge of vi as an administrator. Sometimes vi is the only editor available when your computer crashes leaving a minimal system for you to repair.

vi, pronounced like 'vee eye', was originally written by Bill Joy for BSD Unix in Berkeley in 1976 and became quickly part of many vendor-specific versions of the (at that time) original AT&T Unix. It was later directly added to AT&T's System V Unix, too. Bill Joy later went on to co-found Sun Microsystems, and became the company's Chief Scientist at that time. vi stands for visual and was an enormous improvement of the classic Unix editor called ed. ed is a line-editor. If you are still familiar with MS-DOS, then you may know the MS-DOS edlin editor. ed is similar, although more powerful than edlin, which doesn't mean much.

vi also has a line-mode, called ex. In fact, one can argue that the program is indeed two editors in one, one editor called vi, another called ex. It is possible to switch between line and visual mode during editing. It is also possible to choose the mode during startup. However, pure usage of ex is rare. The visual mode is the prevailing mode.

Although vi stands for visual, classic vi is mainly operated via the character keys, and not via the mouse or the cursor keys. Once you are used to this, it becomes extremely convenient, because there is less movement of the hands to the cursor keys or mouse involved.

vi also served as a kind of incubator for Unix's terminal control capabilities. Because of vi's need to control the terminal and the many different types of terminals at that time, the termcap (terminal-capabilities) database was introduced (later replaced with the more flexible terminfo database). vi's internal high-level screen control library was later separated, and became curses - the Unix standard library for CRT screen handling.

Conventions
unix-command(section)
 * Sometimes references to Unix commands are used in this book. On first occurrence such a name of a command is written in the typical Unix style. This style consists of the command's name followed by the section of the manual pages in which the command description can be found, in brackets. E.g. sed(1) refers to Unix's sed command which is usually documented in section 1 of the Unix manual pages (sed is the Unix stream editor; a tool for manipulating text without user interaction).

Getting vi if you don't have it already
If you're running a Unix system, or a Unix-like system (for simplicity from now on we will refer to both as a "Unix system"), such as a BSD or Linux distribution, or even Mac OS X, you're sure to have vi or one of its variants on your system.

If you're running Windows, you can get a version of vi called "vim" or "elvis". If you're on an older Mac OS (pre-OS X) system, you can get MacVim Classic here.

Noted vi variants
As mentioned, vi has a number of variants. They have been created because vi was only available on rather expensive Unix operating systems. Although vi itself, as well as nvi, was created in Berkeley for the free BSD Unix variant, usage of BSD Unix required an original AT&T Unix license (this has later changed, see below). Original vi, for example, used code from AT&T's ed(1) editor.

Over time, BSD replaced much of the original AT&T code up to the point where today there is no such code any more in BSD, and an original Unix license is no longer needed. As part of the effort to replace all AT&T code in BSD, Keith Bostic undertook the work to create a clone of vi that was free of AT&T code, called nvi. nvi then became BSD's standard vi instead of the original vi. Another vi clone is Elvis, which was written by Steve Kirkendal.

Over time, nvi was enhanced – for example, supporting multiple windows – but originally it was not supposed to be an enhancement, 'just' a pure clone.

BSD's original vi (with the ed code inside) lives on as the vi which is distributed with System V Unix, because AT&T decided a long time ago to take it from BSD and add it to the official Unix. Of course AT&T didn't have a problem with an AT&T Unix license, so they probably never replaced the ed code inside the original vi.

Yet, some find nvi still to be too minimal, and so vim was born. vim (vi-improved), is another effort to extend vi's capabilities. Unlike nvi, vim goes even further to extend vi's capabilities. However some find that vim is often too much. vim comes in two variants, a text-only version, and a GUI version, the latter is called gvim.

Other vi clones are the already mentioned elvis and stevie. These clones were born in the CP/M and home computer area to bring the editor to these platforms, too. Of course, they were later ported to MS-DOS and Windows. These days, however, vim seems to be the prevailing vi-clone on free/open platforms and proprietary platforms as well.

You should choose the version you feel most comfortable with – if you have an editor you feel displeased with, it will affect your productivity.

Starting the editor
If you are running a Unix system, you can start up vi by typing

vi

at the command line. If you are running X, with a desktop like GNOME, KDE, CDE/Motif or OpenLook you may have a launcher button handy to start the editor - if you have such a setup, you can just click the icon.

If you are running Windows or DOS with elvis, you can start up the Windows editor by double-clicking "winelvis.exe", or in DOS, you can start the editor by typing in "elvis" at the command line.

You will be greeted with a screen similar to:

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "No File"

Quitting the editor
To quit for now, press the Escape key (the editor should beep), then enter the three characters and press Return:

Just before you type the final the screen will look similar to

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :q!

is the short form of which quits the editor, without saving.

You should be dropped back to your operating system (or, rather, the shell from where you started).

There are other ways to quit, e.g. pressing  will save any unsaved work and quit the editor. Typing will always save, even if there are no unsaved changes, and then quit the editor. will write if there are no unsaved changes, and it will quit. and requires that you had previously provided a file name, so it will not work for the above simple example. Typing will quit if there have been no changes made; if changes have been made, vi will print a warning similar to "No write since last change".

Don't worry
Many first time vi users stop at this point, and never touch vi again. If you tried to enter some text after you started, you will most likely have been greeted with a series of beeps and rather erratic behavior. Don't worry. This is perfectly normal for vi, and the editor is not broken. You will soon see why this is normal vi behaviour.

Continue
Now that you know how to start the editor and quit it, let's move on to getting things done in vi: see Learning the vi Editor/Basic tasks


text:
User:Daniel Mietchen/Talks/Wikimania 2012/Smithsonian Institution/Science GLAM

 * Talk on Saturday

 * Submission


text:
Gene regulation in prokaryotes/Review

Part A
Like the products of the lac operon, the products of the ara operon degrade a sugar so it can supply energy for the cell. From this knowledge, would you expect the ara to be repressible or inducible? Explain

Part B
AraC is required both as an activator and a repressor. Which activity is favored in the presence of arabinose? Explain.

Part C
When araC mutants were first anaylzed, people concluded that AraC protein acts as an activator, not a repressor. Explain why they came to this conclusion.

Part D
What effect, if any would be the effect of deleting the araO2 sites where AraC binds?

Part E
Explain how the presence of glucose will affect expression of the ara operon. Be specific!

Part A
For each of the E. coli diploids that follow, indicate whether the strain is inducible, constitutive or negative for β-galactosidase and permease.

i-o+z-y+/i-ocz+y-

i+o+z+y+/i-ocz+y-

Part B
Suppose you have isolated a Lac- mutant and by genetic analysis have found that the cell is z+y+; you have also found that the mutation, which you call i*, is in the i gene. The diploid i*o+z+y+/i-o+z+y+ is constructed and found to be Lac-

Is i* dominant or recessive?

The diploid i*o+z+y+/i+ocz+y+ is Lac+. Suggest a property of the mutant repressor that would explain this phenotype. Explain your answer.

Would i*o+z+y+/i+ocz-y+ make β-galactosidase? Explain.

title: Gene regulation in prokaryotes/Review


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User:Found5dollar/List of replica Oval Offices

There are 28 replicas of the Oval Office in the United States.

8 - presidential libraries 19 - private institutions 1 - "lavish $250,000 garage conversion in Longview, Texas, constructed by Ron Wade for his private collection of presidential memorabilia."

21 built between 2000 and 2015 new ones?

3 permanant whitehouse sets: - Castle Rock set - 1995 for "The American President", "Nixon" "independence Day" shot on it - "Dave" set - 1993 Warner Brothers, used by over 25 films "Absolute Power", "The Pelecan Brief" "Clear and Present Danger - Warner Brother's Prop House - "West Wing" set pieces

temporary: "Not to be outshone, Ikea recently built their own copy within Washington's Union Station to promote the adaptability of their products" You Tube Studios NYC and LA

First at Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum in 1957. "designed according to the strict instructions of the former president to look exactly as it did when he was in office."

3 kinds: 1) hollywood 2) exacting. "preserving the space of a specific administration and by extension a specific president down to the very last detail." 3) "communicating the container, or architecture of this power" Presidential. "referent is not the office of any one com- mander-in-chief but more the Oval Office in general; the idea of the space as much as its physical actuality"

"all replicas feature some version of the three bowed windows, the pair of flags and a copy of the Resolute desk"

One in every presidential library since Gerald Ford(still true)? Marks the style of the time and the personal taste of the person

Distinct from these official presidential libraries are the replicas found in private venues. Here, without an administration to commemorate, the space is more a totem to the concept of presidential authority, built merely for the sake of 'bringing the White House closer to the people'. And unlike the duplicate libraries, which are often roped off to preserve a somehow untouchable image of the White House, the success of these reproduc- tions derives from the visitor's experience of not only occupying the president's office but of being, for a moment at least, the president himself. While a great deal of effort is often made to recreate the space of the Oval Office, the rooms are in this sense pure fantasy. Of course, there are also copies that make no attempt at faithfulness, and whose only raison d'être is to generate profit. Found in wax museums as well as shops specialising in political memorabilia, these can be unasham- edly crude. At Madame Hissauds in Washington dc, for example, the scuffed linoleum floor is rectangular - this is an Oval Office that isn't even oval. In Las Vegas the copy gestures towards an elliptical shape, but still lacks any walls. The one in New York is slightly more convincing, in that it sports a Resolute desk, though the only items on it are a generic dossier and red telephone, fabricated emblems of power implanted in the American psyche by the James Bond movies. Yet somehow, for all their glaring inaccuracies, these implausible copies manage to communicate the essence of the Office. Poorly constructed sets and shoddy props matter little in the end, because all that is required is the name and a sense of the space. The imagination of the visitors takes care of the rest

ter). After the completion of wyeth's design, a series of adjustments and reproductions saw the first true copies of the Oval Office sited within the White House itself. For example, after a fire on Christmas Eve in 1929, Herbert Hoover rebuilt the office in the same location. Five years later, when Franklin Delano Roosevelt took office, he hired architect Eric Gugler to redesign the West Wing and move the Chief Executive Office to the ground floor. The result was grander and more opulent than before - 'neither a gothic tower, nor a factory building, nor a replica of the Kremlin nor of Potsdam's ornate Neues Palais', reported Time Magazine. The oval had reappeared, 'like the old one but, by [Roosevelt's] order, two feet wider, two feet longer. Handsomest room in the building. It is decorated with the great Presidential Seal set in the ceiling, has indirect lighting simulating daylight. All the furniture is old except a new duralumin lamp upon the desk. The President found it all just as he had planned it.' In recognition of this apparent harmony and handsomeness, the architecture of the office has remained the same ever since.

In the late 1980s the National Park Service made an exhaustive study of the White House, measuring all of its interior and exterior spaces to ensure that at any point it would be capable of restoration. Of course, these measurements • have also facilitated its duplication, and the many reproductions now distributed across the country suggest that for Americans the Oval Office is less important as a specific location than it is as a symbol for an idealised vision of national identity. Indeed, the us is known for its fond reverence for architectural copies: the Parthenon in Nashville, the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Nile, Illinois and no less than six Eiffel Towers - in Mason, Ohio; Doswell, Virginia; Lake Buena Vista, Florida; Paris, Texas; Paris, Tennessee and Las Vegas - are all emblems of gleeful fakery that Umberto Eco exposed in his famous travelogue of American hyperreality.

The same motivation to see the White House without ever having to go to Washington has long fuelled the proliferation of Oval Offices, even those sanctioned by their real presidents. For example, Lyndon B Johnson once asked his architect Gordon Bunshaft to 'reconstitute' the Oval Office 'as nearly as possible' in his own presidential library: 'I would like for them to see just where we work'. Yet it is clear that Johnson also understood that even a reproduction at 7/8 scale would communicate the same message: 'I don't say it's got to be 18 feet high or 14 or got to be 38 feet long. It might have a little card on the door that says "this is not an exact reproduc- tion" or something?

Today's replicas go one step further, allowing visitors to experience something long denied them by the original: to actually enter the president's office, to interact with it, to sit behind his desk for a couple of minutes and in this brief occupancy to be potus himself. Simulation is now an integral part of the display, even in the library replicas once cordoned off from sightseers. Signifi- cantly, the George H W Bush Presidential Library did not contain an Oval Office replica when it first opened in 1997 but acquired one ten years later due to public demand. In the replica, it seems, one can believe in the power of democracy, not to mention that uniquely American idea that anyone could conceivably be elected leader of the free world. Both assumptions hang on the necessity that America be experienced first-hand, even if what is at hand is not necessarily authentic. Under these conditions, what is real and what is fiction - what is truth and what is truthiness - blend seamlessly together

More recently still, The Washington Post reported that the us secret service had requested $8 million to build a replica Oval Office within a replica White House, complete with surrounding gardens, shrubs and gatehouse buildings, in order to better train its operatives in counter-terrorism. Umberto Eco once wrote that 'constructing a filli-scale model of the Oval Office (using the same materials, the same colours, but with every- thing obviously more polished, shinier, protected against deterioration) means that for historical information to be absorbed, it has to assume the aspect of a reincarnation'. What he somehow didn't anticipate was that in the subsequent duplication of this model, and the profusion of ever shinier Oval Offices, the second coming of America's historical reincarnation has merely been a prelude to a third, fourth and fifth

 * Note


text:
yhtenäinen

Etymology
. . Doublet with, which uses the strong stem.

Adjective

 * 1) whole, connected, continuous, entire, coherent, unified without holes or gaps; sticking together
 * 2) consistent, uniform, homogeneous having the same composition throughout
 * 3) consistent, systematic, methodical, coherent in an organized manner
 * 4) unified, compatible, accordant forming a consistent whole
 * 5) consistent, coherent of a regularly occurring, dependable nature
 * 6)  connected

title: yhtenäinen


text:
User:Evasth

Eva smith is a very compassionate and caring person who puts others above herself and does not know how to make these pages but i rlly hope that this works bc i want to edit a semi protected page to make it rlly stupid.but anyway, back to Eva. she has an amazing family who love her and two adorable little cousins and one in the oven. so if anybody is reading this then, why r u? dont u have better things to do than sit around and read a random persons wiki page. go outside and do something u lazy person! jk, jk but srsly get a life XD

title: User:Evasth


text:
Octave Terrienne

Octave Marie Terrienne MSC (9 September 1902 – 4 March 1994) was the Roman Catholic bishop of the apostolic vicariate of the Gilbert Islands from 1937 until 1961, when Pierre Guichet succeeded him.

He was bishop of Menelaites (a titular see) from 1938 to 1961 as Vicar Apostolic of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. After building there the biggest church of the colony in 1936, Bishop Terrienne established the vicariate see in Tanaeang, on North Tabiteuea, instead of Ocean Island, headquarters of the British Colony, or Tarawa, the former capital, where it was transferred at the end of 1950s.

He was ordained Priest on 27 January 1929 and consecrated Bishop on 25 June 1938 at Nantes Cathedral. He was then the youngest Roman Catholic bishop at only 36.

title: Octave Terrienne


text:
UD Paiosaco

Unión Deportiva Paiosaco Hierros Añón (UD Paiosaco) is a Spanish football team located in A Laracha in the province of A Coruña, in the autonomous community of Galicia. Founded in 1961, it currently plays in, holding home matches at Campo Porta Santa with a capacity of 2,000 spectators.

History
UD Paiosaco was founded in 1961.

Season to season

 * 3 seasons in Tercera División
 * 2 seasons in Tercera Federación

title: UD Paiosaco


text:
First Line Management/Recruit and select staff

This unit standard is for people who are currently working, or intend to work, in jobs which require recruitment and selection of staff, but do not have responsibility for releasing staff.

People credited with this unit standard are able to determine criteria for recruitment and selection, and recruit and select people for jobs.

This unit is used in

 * First Line Management

Plan recruitment and selection of staff.
Recruitment and selection plan specifies criteria for position(s), meets organisation objectives, and takes account of market conditions.

criteria - competences, attributes. Consideration of internal candidates who meet criteria is based on available data and organisation's planned resource requirements.

available data include one or more of - identified competence, career path, previous performance evidence, training and development needs.

Identified requirements for external recruitment are within budgetary guidelines, and authorisations are obtained within scheduled timeframe.

Position descriptions, person specifications, and selection criteria are developed and are consistent with identified needs.

Recruitment and selection plan includes expertise from other persons within or outside organisation, and options for use of external agents are investigated, costed, reported, and justified.

Selection criteria avoid partiality or bias and do not artificially exclude applicants otherwise competent to do job.

Recruit talent - train the skill.

Recruit staff.
Recruitment process complies with recruitment and selection plan and with organisational requirements.

Choice of recruitment media is based on quality, service, and cost effectiveness relevant to position(s) to be filled, and accessibility to suitably qualified candidates.

Barriers to equal employment opportunities in recruitment process are identified and removed.

Select staff.
Procedures for screening, short listing, preliminary and final interviewing of candidates comply with equal employment opportunity and organisational requirements.

procedures may include but are not limited to - interviewing methods and skills, reference assessment and checks, selection tests.

Evidence is required for at least two different procedures.

Candidates are assessed against agreed specified criteria and selection choice is justified from evidence gathered.

evidence gathered may include but is not limited to - applications, CVs, references, previous performance evidence, test results, assessment interview schedules.

Evidence is required for at least three sources of evidence.

Selection recommendations and identified future potential of selected candidates are communicated to authorised individuals in agreed format and timeframe.

Information on selection decisions provided to candidates is accurate and is received by candidates at completion of each stage of selection process.

Documentation relating to selection and employment of staff is complete, protects employee's and employer's legal rights, and complies with organisational requirements.

employee's and employer's rights - meets statutory requirements, does not compromise legal termination of employment at a later date, consistent with legislation.


text:
Athletics at the 1995 Summer Universiade – Women's 100 metres

The women's 100 metres event at the 1995 Summer Universiade was held on 31 August – 1 September at the Hakatanomori Athletic Stadium in Fukuoka, Japan.

Heats
Qualification: First 4 of each heat (Q) and the next 8 fastest qualified for the quarterfinals.

Wind: Heat 1: +0.8 m/s, Heat 2: +0.4 m/s, Heat 3: +0.6 m/s, Heat 4: -1.8 m/s, Heat 5: -1.2 m/s, Heat 6: +0.7 m/s

Quarterfinals
Qualification: First 4 of each heat qualified directly (Q) for the semifinals.

Wind: Heat 1: +1.0 m/s, Heat 2: -1.1 m/s, Heat 3: -0.4 m/s, Heat 4: -2.2 m/s

Semifinals
Qualification: First 4 of each semifinal qualified directly (Q) for the final.

Wind: Heat 1: +0.5 m/s, Heat 2: +1.9 m/s

Final
Wind: -0.7 m/s


text:
Electronics/Inductors

Inductor
An inductor is a passive electronic component dependent on frequency used to store electric energy in the form of a magnetic field. An inductor has the symbol
 * Inductor diagram.svg

Inductance
Inductance is the characteristic of the Inductor to generate a magnetic field for a given current. Inductance has a letter symbol L and measured in units of Henry (H).
 * $$L = \frac{B}{I}$$

This section list formulas for inductances in specific situations. Beware that some of the equations are in Imperial units.

The permeability of free space, μ0, is constant and is defined to be exactly equal to 4π×10-7 H m-1.

Basic inductance formula for a cylindrical coil

 * $$L=\frac{\mu_0\mu_rN^2A}{l}$$
 * L = inductance / H
 * μr = relative permeability of core material
 * N = number of turns
 * A = area of cross-section of the coil / m2
 * l = length of coil / m

The self-inductance of a straight, round wire in free space

L_{self} = \frac{\mu_0 b}{2 \pi} \left[ \ln \left(\frac{b}{a}+\sqrt{1+\frac{b^{2}}{a^{2}}}\right) -\sqrt{1+\frac{a^{2}}{b^{2}}}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{\mu_{r}}{4} \right] $$

 * Lself = self inductance / H(?)

 * b = wire length /m
 * a = wire radius /m
 * $$\mu_r$$ = relative permeability of wire

If you make the assumption that b >> a and that the wire is nonmagnetic ($$\mu_r=1$$), then this equation can be approximated to

 * $$L_{self} = \frac{\mu_0 b}{2 \pi} \left[ \ln \left( \frac{2b}{a} \right) - 3/4 \right]$$ (for low frequencies)

 * $$L_{self} = \frac{\mu_0 b}{2 \pi} \left[ \ln \left( \frac{2b}{a} \right) - 1 \right]$$ (for high frequencies due to the skin effect)
 * L = inductance / H
 * b = wire length / m
 * a = wire radius / m

The inductance of a straight wire is usually so small that it is neglected in most practical problems. If the problem deals with very high frequencies (f > 20 GHz), the calculation may become necessary. For the rest of this book, we will assume that this self-inductance is negligible.

Inductance of a short air core cylindrical coil in terms of geometric parameters:

 * $$L=\frac{r^2N^2}{9r+10l}$$
 * L = inductance in μH
 * r = outer radius of coil in inches
 * l = length of coil in inches
 * N = number of turns

Multilayer air core coil

 * $$L = \frac{0.8r^2N^2}{6r+9l+10d}$$
 * L = inductance in μH
 * r = mean radius of coil in inches
 * l = physical length of coil winding in inches
 * N = number of turns
 * d = depth of coil in inches (i.e., outer radius minus inner radius)

Flat spiral air core coil

 * $$L=\frac{r^2N^2}{(2r+2.8d) \times 10^5}$$
 * L = inductance / H
 * r = mean radius of coil / m
 * N = number of turns
 * d = depth of coil / m (i.e. outer radius minus inner radius)

Hence a spiral coil with 8 turns at a mean radius of 25 mm and a depth of 10 mm would have an inductance of 5.13µH.

Winding around a toroidal core (circular cross-section)

 * $$L=\mu_0\mu_r\frac{N^2r^2}{D}$$

 * L = inductance / H
 * μr = relative permeability of core material
 * N = number of turns
 * r = radius of coil winding / m
 * D = overall diameter of toroid / m

Quality of good inductor
There are several important properties for an inductor that may need to be considered when choosing one for use in an electronic circuit. The following are the basic properties of a coil inductor. Other factors may be important for other kinds of inductor, but these are outside the scope of this article.

 * Current carrying capacity is determined by wire thickness and resistivity.
 * The quality factor, or Q-factor, describes the energy loss in an inductor due to imperfection in the manufacturing.
 * The inductance of the coil is probably most important, as it is what makes the inductor useful. The inductance is the response of the inductor to a changing current.

The inductance is determined by several factors.

 * Coil shape: short and squat is best
 * Core material
 * The number of turns in the coil. These must be in the same direction, or they will cancel out, and you will have a resistor.
 * Coil diameter. The larger the diameter (core area) the larger the induction.

Coil's Characteristics
For a Coil that has the following dimension
 * [[Image:Basic Inductor with B-field.svg|300px]]
 * Area enclosed by each turn of the coil is A
 * Length of the coil is 'l'
 * Number of turns in the coil is N
 * Permeability of the core is μ. μ is given by the permeability of free space, μ0 multiplied by a factor, the relative permeability, μr
 * The current in the coil is 'i'

The magnetic flux density, B, inside the coil is given by:

 * $$B=\frac{N \mu i}{l}$$

We know that the flux linkage in the coil, λ, is given by;

 * $$\lambda=NBA \,$$

Thus,

 * $$\lambda=\frac{N^2A\mu}{l}i$$

The flux linkage in an inductor is therefore proportional to the current, assuming that A, N, l and μ all stay constant. The constant of proportionality is given the name inductance (measured in Henries) and the symbol L:

 * $$\lambda=Li \,$$

Taking the derivative with respect to time, we get:

 * $$\frac{d \lambda}{dt}=L \frac{di}{dt} + i \frac{dL}{dt}$$

Since L is time-invariant in nearly all cases, we can write:

 * $$\frac{d \lambda}{dt}=L \frac{di}{dt}$$

Now, Faraday's Law of Induction states that:

 * $$-\mathcal{E}=N \frac{d \Phi}{dt}=\frac{d \lambda}{dt}$$

We call $$-\mathcal{E}$$ the electromotive force (emf) of the coil, and this is opposite to the voltage v across the inductor, giving:

 * $$v=L \frac{di}{dt}$$

This means that the voltage across an inductor is equal to the rate of change of the current in the inductor multiplied by a factor, the inductance. note that for a constant current, the voltage is zero, and for an instantaneous change in current, the voltage is infinite (or rather, undefined). This applies only to ideal inductors which do not exist in the real world.

This equation implies that

 * The voltage across an inductor is proportional to the derivative of the current through the inductor.
 * In inductors, voltage leads current.
 * Inductors have a high resistance to high frequencies, and a low resistance to low frequencies. This property allows their use in filtering signals.

An inductor works by opposing current change. Whenever an electron is accelerated, some of the energy that goes into "pushing" that electron goes into the electron's kinetic energy, but much of that energy is stored in the magnetic field. Later when that or some other electron is decelerated (or accelerated the opposite direction), energy is pulled back out of the magnetic field.

Inductor and Direct Current Voltage (DC)
When a coil of several turns is connected to an electricity source in a closed loop, the current in the circuit induces a magnetic field that has the same properties as a Magnetic Field of a Magnet.
 * $$B = L I$$

When the current is turned off, the Magnetic Field does not exist.
 * $$B = 0$$

Conducting Coil is called ElectroMagnet

Inductor's Voltage

 * $$v=L\frac{di}{dt}$$

Inductor's Current

 * $$ i = \frac{1}{L} \int v \cdot dt$$

Reactance

 * $$X_L = \omega L \angle 90 = j \omega L = sL$$, where $$s = j \omega $$.

Impedance

 * $$R_L + X_L = R_L \angle 0 + \omega L \angle 90 = R_L + j \omega L = R_L + sL$$

Angle Difference Between Voltage and Current
For Lossless Inductor
 * The angle difference between Voltage and Current is 90

For Lossy Inductor
 * $$Tan \theta = \omega \frac{L}{R_L} = 2\pi f \frac{L}{R_L} = \frac{2\pi}{t} \frac{L}{R_L}$$

Changing the value of L and RL will change the value of Angle of Difference, Angular Frequency, Frequency and Time.
 * $$\omega = \frac{1}{Tan\Theta} \frac{L}{R_L}$$
 * $$f = \frac{1}{2\pi Tan \Theta} \frac{L}{R_L}$$
 * $$t = \frac{t}{2\pi Tan \Theta} \frac{L}{R_L}$$

Time Constant

 * $$T = \frac{L}{R_L}$$

Quality factor
Quality factor denoted as Q is defined as the ability to store energy to the sum total of all energy losses within the component
 * $$Q = \frac{X}{R}$$

Series Connection

 * [[Image:Inductors in Series.svg]]
 * $$L_{eq}=L_1+L_2+\cdots+L_n$$

Parallel Connection

 * [[Image:Inductors in Parallel.svg]]
 * $$\frac{1}{L_{eq}}=\frac{1}{L_1}+\frac{1}{L_2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{L_n}$$

title: Electronics/Inductors


text:
General Chemistry/Energy changes in chemical reactions

Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
The release of energy in chemical reactions occurs when the reactants have higher chemical energy than the products. The chemical energy in a substance is a type of potential energy stored within the substance. This stored chemical potential energy is the heat content or enthalpy of the substance.

If the enthalpy decreases during a chemical reaction, a corresponding amount of energy must be released to the surroundings. Conversely, if the enthalpy increases during a reaction, a corresponding amount of energy must be absorbed from the surroundings. This is simply the Law of Conservation of Energy.

absorbtion reactions is when a chemical reaction releases more energy than it absorbs and you can also see them die on the inside.

reletion reactions is when a chemical reaction absorbs more energy than it releases.

You are already familiar with enthalpy: melting ice is endothermic and freezing water is exothermic.

Because reactions release or absorb energy, they affect the temperature of their surroundings. Exothermic reactions heat up their surroundings while endothermic reactions cool them down. The study of enthalpy, along with many other energy-related topics, is covered in the Thermodynamics Unit.

Activation Energy
Think about the combustion of methane. It releases enough heat energy to cause a fire. However, the reaction does not occur automatically. When methane and oxygen are mixed, an explosion does not instantly occur. First, the methane must be ignited, usually with a lighter or matchstick. This reveals something about reactions: they will not occur unless a certain amount of activation energy is added first. In this sense, all reactions absorb energy before they begin, but the exothermic reactions release even more energy. This can be explained with a graph of potential energy: This graph shows an exothermic reaction because the products are at a lower energy than the reactants (so heat has been released). Before that can happen, the energy must actually increase. The amount of energy added before the reaction can complete is the activation energy, symbolized Ea.


text:
Talk:off book

RFV discussion
Dangherous/Wonderfool. Not like off the books; just sum-of-parts? --Connel MacKenzie 02:31, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Seems legit; I've cited the sense and added another. Don't think this can be regarded as compositional; as a non-theatrical person myself, out of context I wouldn't have known whether this meant "without the book" or "from the book."  (nor would it necessarily be obvious what kind of a "book" is meant.) -- Visviva 03:41, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

RFV passed; thanks, Visviva. —Ruakh TALK 20:57, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:off book


text:
Benton Station, Tennessee

Benton Station is an unincorporated community in Polk County, in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The community is two miles east from the county seat of Benton on Benton Station Road. The community of Benton which is different than Benton Station was named for Thomas Hart Benton, a Missouri politician.

Notable events
Benton Station received attention in 2017 for two notable events. In January, a historic bridge in the area was renamed “Bear Lawson Bridge” by the Polk County Commission in honor of William “Bear” Hinton Lawson. At a ceremony to celebrate the renaming, Polk County Executive Hoyt Firestone credited Lawson for donating land that allowed a railroad to run through the community in the early 1900s. In June 2017, the Tennessee Historic Commission designated Benton Station as a Historic Landmark. Bluegrass musician Phil Lea performed at the event and announced he had written a song about the Benton Station community.

December 27, 1920. Decie Caldonia Rose, wife of Robert Henley Rose, was killed by an automobile on Benton/Cleveland pike while going for the mail. She was a member of Benton Station Baptist Church. She was reportedly the first woman to be killed by an automobile in the state of Tennessee. No references for this statement.

title: Benton Station, Tennessee


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Bakni

Bakni (Бакни; Dargwa: Бакьни) is a rural locality (a selo) in Sutbuksky Selsoviet, Dakhadayevsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 249 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Geography
Bakni is located 32 km southwest of Urkarakh (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sutbuk and Urtsaki are the nearest rural localities.

Nationalities
Dargins live there.

title: Bakni


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Dutch/Websites

''Due to recent spam and vandalism, this page has been protected. Please suggest links to resources on the talk page.''

 * Free Online Dutch Tutorial
 * Dutch To English Dictionary
 * Language translation, o.a. Dutch to English and English to Dutch
 * Online Dutch Grammar Tutorial
 * Online Dutch Lessons

title: Dutch/Websites


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Portal:Wiki science

Wiki Science is devoted to the development of user-friendly learning resources for study of Wiki Science.

Wiki science is the study of how the phenomenon of wikis work and grow in general.

Learning projects
See: Learning Projects and the Learning model. Learning materials and learning projects are located in the main Wikiversity namespace.

Lessons

 * Introduction to Wikiversity
 * Nature of wikis
 * Web Architecture for Wikis
 * Learning to learn a wiki way
 * Wiki 101
 * Wiki
 * Introduction to Wiki

Remember, Wikiversity has adopted the "learning by doing" model for education. Lessons should center on learning activities for Wikiversity participants. We learn by doing.

Select a descriptive name for each learning project. Learning projects can be listed in alphanumeric order by code, however code numbers are optional.

Get to work creating learning activities! Simply make a link to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages) and start writing!

Resources
Know any good resources for scholars of this topic? Add them here!
 * Wiki Science
 * Wikipedia sociology at the Meta Wikipedia
 * Help Users Understand Wiki
 * CommunityWiki members work aggresively towards understanding, developing, and promoting wiki.
 * Wiki Research Bibliography a Bibliography of scientific publications and sources about wikis in general and Wikipedia in particular.

title: Portal:Wiki science


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User:Thatwhichremainsband

Wikipedia user page of UK hardcore band That Which Remains, used to maintain and update articles related to the band.

Articles:

Media Platforms:

title: User:Thatwhichremainsband


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extraho

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to drag, pull or draw forth or out; extract, remove
 * 2)  to extricate, release; draw out, extract, eradicate, rescue
 * 3)  to draw out, protract, prolong, put off
 * 1)  to extricate, release; draw out, extract, eradicate, rescue
 * 2)  to draw out, protract, prolong, put off
 * 1)  to draw out, protract, prolong, put off

title: extraho


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Dhouaouda

Dhouaouda (الذواودة) is an Arab tribe that lives mainly in the high plains in eastern Algeria. They primarily live around Biskra and Constantine.

Origins
Dhaouaouda are an Arab tribe, they are descended from Banu Riyah, a branch of the Arab Bedouin tribe of Banu Hilal which migrated to the Maghreb in the 11th century.

History
After the tribes of the Banu Hilal penetrated into the Maghreb, Dhouaouda established its own emirate in 1179 under emir Abu Serhan bin Sultan. It set its capital at Biskra and controlled a large area from the Ziban to Sétif to Constantine region, and controlled the trade route to Touggourt in the south. Being the most powerful tribe of Ifriqiya, they controlled half of the cities located in the trays. They defeated a Hafsid incursion in the 13th century. In 1541, the Dhouaouda signed the Pact of Barbarossa with the Ottomans and the emir of Biskra, Ali bin Sakhri pledged allegiance to the Ottoman Empire and took the title 'Shaykh al-Arab'. In the 16th century, contingents of Arab tribesmen were sent from Biskra to Algiers to support the Ottomans in their war with Spain.

Arab revolt in Algeria
In 1637, Murad Bey invited Shaykh al-'Arab Si Mohamed Sakhri Ben Bou Okkaz and his notable principals to visit him in Constantine, Muray Bey would eventually kill Cheikh Al Arab Si Mohammed, his son and all of his principals after accusing them of treason and asking the Dey of Algiers and his Diwan about how he should deal with them, it is believed that Shaykh al-'Arab was killed to reduce the influence of Dhoaouda in eastern Algeria, since they controlled most of eastern Algeria by that time and most of its production (along side with their allies and Makhzen tribes such as Ahl Ben Ali, Ghamra, Ouled Nail, Hrakta and others). One year later, in 1638 Si Ahmed Ben Al Sakhri Bou Akaaz revolted alongside the Beni Abbas Kingdom in the north (Kabyles) who allied after realizing that they share the same interest, retaining their influence in the region and expelling Murad Bey, leading troops from the Ahl ben Ali, Ghamra, Shorfa, Hrakta, Ouled Nail, and all the allied/Makhzen tribes following the Dhouaouda Emirate. Si Sakhri started a major revolt, starting from the Zab Region (Biskra/Sidi Khaled) and reaching the borders of Algiers in the north and Tunisia in the east.

Battle of Guidjel
This battle was the most important event in the war. It led to the victory of the rebel coalition and the beylik of Constantine lost control over the area for the next nine years. The revolting troops were mainly composed of A allied/makhzen tribes, including Dhaouaouda and Beni Abbas, who weren't trained and didn't own modern equipment.

Compared to the Ottoman troops, who got support from Algiers and had the most developed rifles and cannons in the region, this made the Turks think that they could destroy the revolting army easily, not knowing that thousands of cavalry men were on their way to take revenge for their old leader. Arabs and Kabyles being led by Si Sakhri (Shaykh al-'Arab) and Betka el-Moqrani, Turks being led by Murad Bey and Qaid Youssef/Hadj Chabane who were sent by the :'dey of Algiers with 4,000 soldiers, 200 kheimas'' (tents), every tent containing 20 soldiers (for a total of 6,000 troops for the Ottoman side). By the end of the day of 20 September 1638, the Turkish army was crushed and destroyed, leading into a decisive victory for the Arabs and anarchy in the beylik of Constantine for the next nine years. Murad Bey went missing after that, although some sources say that he fled to Annaba and later traveled to Algiers.

Eventually both sides signed a peace and the Turks changed their policy towards the Arabs to divide and conquer, weakening the Emirs and tribal leaders by helping to found smaller tribes and securing the loyalties of tribes to the dey of Algiers instead of their sheikh.

title: Dhouaouda


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XML - Managing Data Exchange/The one-to-one relationship/Answers

Exercise 1

 * 1) Create an XML schema to describe the most popular restaurant in a city. Use either the all order indicator or the choice order indicator in your schema. Check that it is well-formed and valid.
 * 2) Using the schema, create an XML document and populate it with data for one city that has a most popular restaurant as well as two or more other restaurants. Check that it is well-formed and valid.
 * 3) Write an XML style sheet to display the most popular restaurants sorted by name if the restaurant is located in a city with population > 5,000.

Exercise 2

 * 1) Create and XML schema to represent the most popular professors at a university. Include first name, last name, department, and years teaching.
 * 2) Using the XML schema, create and XML document and populate it with data about a university and its most popular professor. Use at least three universities and two professors at each university.
 * 3) Write and XML style sheet to display the most popular professors at each school sorted by the professor names.


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Talk:Computer network

Merger
In following up on my blitz to clean up the networking section of wikiversity I am merging/redirecting this page to the topic on networking. Lysander89 23:47, 14 October 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Computer network


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Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2012 July 14

July 14
This is a list of redirects that have been proposed for deletion or other action on July 14, 2012


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Prolog/Variables

A PROLOG variable can represent anything; a number, a name, a structure, an array, something as complicated as the known universe. A PROLOG program works by constraining the variables until eventually they have particular values; then telling you what the values are. A simple program might be

and when you run it, the result will be

The program might not go as far as to constrain the variables to have exact values, so you might get

where the '_' means that you have a variable remaining as part of the solution.

You can also get a 'Yes' result for more than one value of the variables; this is called 'nondeterminism', and is OK. If no values of the variables will make a solution, PROLOG will say 'No'.

prev: Recursive Rules next: Lists

title: Prolog/Variables


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Talk:Lovett Fort-Whiteman

Black History Month
This piece is a small contribution of mine to Black History Month 2015. I urge you to pick a topic and write something, Wikipedia needs to be improved on black history subjects... Carrite (talk) 22:16, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

Jacobin
I haven't got the time to sort things out, but the linked Jacobin article sounds a lot like the Wikipedia entry.--Ralfdetlef (talk) 19:21, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lovett Fort-Whiteman


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User:Xknight

I'm an undergraduate student at the University of Miami. I am currently working towards a dual degree in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology as well as Economics and am extremely interested in information technology, nanotechnology, and Neuroscience. I discovered wikipedia and fell in love with it, as well as its sister site Wikibooks.

Help the site out by Donating to the Wikimedia Foundation.

Thank you to all of Wikimedia's contributors.

Remember,

"Knowledge is power." - Sir Francis Bacon

title: User:Xknight


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User:ElfishPresley123/sandbox

African bush elephant
The African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), also known as the African savanna elephant, is the larger of the two species of African Elephants. Both elephants, previously classified as the exact same species, now prove different based from recent preliminary evidence which re-classifies the forest elephant as a separate and distinct species (although this status is not conclusively accepted due to concerns over conservation strategies until the re-classification is formalized).

The African bush elephant has many distinctive features that sets it apart from the forest elephant. The bush elephant is much larger in height and weight, while the forest elephant has rounder ears and their trunk tends to be more hairy. The bush elephant has few predators, but still remains to be labeled an endangered species, mostly because of poaching. Their roaming has been limited to only specific areas, since they have been known for destruction of crops and landscape in certain areas. However they still travel in herds, with females being the primary leaders. These elephants are known for being hunted for their tusks, ears, feet, and meat, so the population of bush elephants in the world have been increasingly declining.

Taxonomy
The African Bush Elephant, considered once to be one in the same as the African Forest Elephant, shows recent evidence which confirms the two species as separate, being distinct cousins who split anywhere between 2 to 7 million years ago. They used to be known as a single species, the African elephant, but studies has shown that the two are different. Although separate species, both elephants are of the genus Loxodonta, and is part of the Elephantidae Family. Subspecies include the South African Bush Elephant (Loxodonta Africana Africanna), East African Bush Elephant (Loxodonta Africana knochenhaueri), Ethiopian Elephant (Loxodonta Africana orleansi), and West African Bush Elephant (Loxodonta Africana oxyotis).

Characteristics and Anatomy
The African Bush Elephant has several distinct features which sets them apart from other similar species. They are generally larger than the African Forest Elephant, which has rounder ears and straighter tusks. The Bush Elephant is known to have a concave back with stocky legs and a thickset body, compared to the Asian elephant who has a convex back. The African bush elephant’s trunk has more than 40,000 muscles and tendons, being able to lift heavy objects. They tend to have dull brownish-grey skin that is wrinkly with black bristly hairs, large ears, and a long and flattened tail. The skull of the African elephant is very large, making up twenty-five percent of its total body weight. The estimated population size is near 300,000, and they usually live up to 70 years in age when in the wild. However in captivity, they tend to only live up 65 years.

Molars and Trunks
African elephants utilize their long trunks and four large molars to break down and consume a large bulk of plants, shrubs, twigs, and branches. In particular, African elephants use their trunks to strip leaves, break branches, dismantle tree bark, unearth roots, drink water, and even bathe. Without their trunks, these elephants would find their everyday routine of bathing, drinking, and eating considerably more difficult. Their molars, aiding in the consumption and digestion process, measures nearly 10 cm wide and 30 cm long, gradually withering away until the age of 15. Towards the age of 30, their baby teeth, also known as their milk teeth, are replaced by a new set which are substantially larger and stronger. As these elephants age, their teeth undergo two more stages of growth, ages 40 and 65-70, until the animal eventually dies from an inability to appropriately feed.

Size and Speed
The African Bush Elephant is the largest elephant of the animal kingdom. They can weigh from 8,800 to 15,400 pounds, which makes them the heaviest mammal species on earth. On average, males are 3.2 meters (10.5 ft) tall at the shoulder and 6 tons (6.6 short tons) in weight, while females are relatively smaller at 2.6 meters (8.5 ft) tall at the shoulder and 3 tons (3.3 short tons) in weight. Elephants attain their maximum stature when they complete the fusion of long-bone epiphyses, occurring in males around the age of 40 and females around the age of 25. Their large size means that they have to consume around 50 gallons of water everyday in order to stay hydrated. The speed of the African elephant can vary, but the average top speed is 25 mph when running. They tend to be slow moving creatures, with an average pace of 6 km per hour when walking normally.

Behavior
Elephants have a limited range to roam freely throughout Africa, altering the mood and behavior of these elephant who may be trying to adapt to different environments. One sign of behavioral change can be noticed as aggression levels spike, typically knocking trees over while feeding. As these elephants roam, they typically travel in herds. Males are normally independent, and prior to sexual maturity will leave at birth, while most females will remain in the herd for their life. Herds tend to consist of 6 to 70 members. One instance where the behavior of an African Elephant alters is during a phase known as musth. An elephant entering musth is understood to be a physical state of aggression, particularly sexual, where an elephant mates and fights, lasting a period of 1 month or less.

Reproduction
Birthing of the African bush elephant hits their highest point just before the rainy season of each year. Females carry their young in the womb for about 22 months, known as the gestation period, and they normally give birth every five years. When born, calves can almost immediately walk to maximize their chances of survival, however they tend to be dependent on their mother for a few years after birth. Newborns tend to weigh around 90-120 kg, but the average weight is around 100 kg. Females also tend to reach sexual maturity at age 10, but they are most fertile from ages 25 to 45. The mating system of the African bush elephant is known as androgynous (promiscuous). This type of mating includes females and males both pairing with several others at a time, which is also known as polygamy.

Communication and Adaptation
African bush elephants have long tusks, up to eleven feet in length, which can be used to help them adapt to their surroundings. They use their tusks for digging, fighting, marking, and feeding, and can lift objects up to 400 pounds. Less-aggressive elephants are known to have larger tusks, being that they will be less likely to break them since they would use their tusks in a less damaging way. The bush elephant also uses their large, flat ears to create air currents. These air currents allow them to reduce their body heat and cool off during hot seasons of the year. Another cooling technique that is used is their trunk to squirt water over its body or throw dirt onto their backs to reduce sun and insect exposure. Their trunk, along with their mouth, also allows them breathe and pick up food or heavy objects. Although they spend most of their time roaming to look for food, they can communicate over long distances and use vocalists that even humans cannot hear. Other ways that the elephants communicate is through changes in posture and positions of the body. The present visual signals and messages through body movement, along with smell to remain in contact with other herd members.

Ecology and Social Behavior
The African bush elephant is a very active and social mammal, since they are constantly on the move in search of food. Males often fight with each other during mating season, however they are considered to be very loving and caring toward relatives. Bush elephants also have strong social bonds, and when their herds are faced with danger, they tend to form a close, protective circle around the young calves. The elephants also tend to use their trunks to engage in physical greetings and behaviors.

Range and Habitat
While migrating throughout Africa and other surrounding regions, African elephants are normally found in large quantities known as herds. Their leader, known as the Matriarch, is the oldest female elephant and is most commonly seen being followed by their babies and other females. These elephants are normally found roaming throughout the plains and grasslands of sub-Saharan Africa, but due to agricultural expansion and an ability to easily adapt to different environments, they can also be found in a widespread of woodlands, dense forests, mountain slopes, oceanic beaches, and semi-arid deserts. Of these regions, African Elephants are specifically seen in Kenya, Tanzania, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Namibia, and Angola. They range from altitudes of sea-levels to high mountains, although populations have been said to be becoming increasingly less than before.

Diet
Being among the largest herbivores in the world, the African bush elephant spends a majority of their day grazing upon vast quantities of food and water. Spending on average 12-18 hours consuming up to 660 pounds of food and 30-50 liters of water per day, African elephants browse and scavenge in order to sustain their health and massive body weight. As water becomes scarce, African elephants utilize their trunks, feet, and tusks to dig holes in dry streams and lake beds in exchange for fresh water. Due to climatic change, the diet of the African bush elephant will vary throughout the year. During seasons of prolonged rain, the diet of these elephant’s mainly consists of grass, berries, and vegetables. During seasons of prolonged drought, African elephants will browse and consume dry leaves, small shrubs, exposed roots, and withered tree bark, accounting for up to 70 percent of their diet. Due to their massive size, the consumption of every plant component, including dry leaves, small twigs, large branches, and other types of shrubs, are edible. In particular, African elephants find specific nutrients such as fatty acids and sodium through different sources of tree bark and salt licks.

Poaching
The African bush elephant is categorized as a high-risk endangerment animal, with the constant threat of poaching and predators on the rise. With the high demand for Ivory in Eastern Asia, the black-market trade network has left the species close to extinction. Poachers target the elephant’s tusk for the ivory, and in some cases remove the tusk while the elephant is still alive. CITES reports the black market is believed to be the main culprit for targeting around 17,000 elephants in various areas.

Currently the species has been pushed further into reaching the stage of extinction. Poaching of the elephant has dated back all the way to the years of 1970 and 1980, which was considered the largest killings in history. Unfortunately, the species is placed in harm's way due to the limited conservation areas provided in Africa. In most cases, the killings of the African bush elephant have occurred near the outskirts of the protected conversation sites. There has also been cases of poaching the African bush elephant for meat, which has also led to its decline. Areas found mostly in Central and Western Africa contain the greatest decline in the African bush elephants. IUCN’s statistical data concludes, the population has taken a great decline of 111,000.

Predators
Due to the immense size and power of the African elephant, predators of this species remains few. These predators, known to consist of humans, lions, hyenas, and crocodiles, prey upon smaller or newly born elephants. The newborn elephant, known as a calf, will normally stray from the herd at birth, placing themselves and their populations into a relatively low number for their species.Over the years, certain regions in Africa have been known to contain an abundant amount of the elephant carcasses. These graveyards are overpopulated by lions and hyenas who prowl and forage for the remains of an elephant corpse.

Human Disturbance
Human interference plays a major role in the drastic decline of the elephant species. Vast areas, making up Sub-Saharan Africa, were transformed to agricultural and  infrastructure use. The sudden disturbance among these areas leave the elephants without a stable habitat and limits their ability to roam freely. Large corporations associated with commercial logging and mining have stripped apart the land, giving poachers easy access to the African bush elephant.[11]  As human development grows, the human population faces the trouble of contact with the elephant’s more frequently, due to the species desperate need for food and water. Farmers residing in nearby areas trouble with the African bush elephants rummaging through their crops. In many cases, the elephants are killed instantly as they disturb a village or forage upon a farmer’s crop.

Legal Protection
The dramatic decline of the African bush elephant has resulted in various legal protections taking place in several states of Africa. Census reports show between the years of 2007 and 2014 there has been a decrease of 30% in the elephant's population. The current rate at which the population is declining, leaves researchers to believe every year the African bush elephant will decline by 8%. Certain measures focus primarily on encouraging habitat management and protection with legal action. These legal protections restrict the species from being harmed by poachers and other wildlife threats. Regions known as Range states, are responsible for ensuring certain areas inhabited by the species are preserved. The decline of the species was brought to attention worldwide in 1989. During this time, officials placed a ban stating the elephants could no longer be hunted for the ivory found in their tusks. Currently, many conservation areas are limited, and at least 70% of the species' range resides in areas which are not protected by the law.

Status
The population of the African bush elephants continues to gradually decrease. It has been reported that their current rate of decline is eight percent per year, mostly due to poaching. In most parts of the world this species is labeled as an endangered. Since 2004,the IUCN Red List considered the elephants to be an vulnerable species. On average scale there is a decline of 200,000 elephants based on the sudden increase of human populations occupying the habitats of the species. Estimates show the entire species could possibly go extinct in a decade.

The debate of whether the species should fall under the classes Appendix I or Appendix II species  has been argued between several regions. If a given region determines the African bush elephant to be Appendix I all international trade will be prohibited, but if the species is placed under Appendix II officials will only monitor and limit the amount of elephants traded in the black market. Areas found in Gabon and Congo are considered to contain the largest number of the African bush elephant population, while in parts of Central African Republic the species is entirely wiped out. The IUCN monitors the elephant's population regularly to understand what conservation methods are effective and the distribution among the population. The decline is beginning to show greatly across various countries, which leaves the existence of the population in question.

title: User:ElfishPresley123/sandbox


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User:Shadowbane4

Intro
Hi! I'm Shadowbane4. I'm currently editing Wikipedia as part of a university course, but have been a casual browser of Wikipedia for many years now.

title: User:Shadowbane4


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U.S. Committee of the Blue Shield

The U.S. Committee of the Blue Shield (USCBS), founded in 2006, is the United States national committee of the Blue Shield. The Blue Shield was formed according to the provisions of the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, which specifies a symbol of a blue shield for marking protected cultural property. The Blue Shield, of which USCBS is a member, is an organization of affiliated national committees from nations around the globe.

Formation
Founding president of USCBS Corine Wegener served in the U.S. military and was deployed in 2003 to work with the National Museum of Iraq staff immediately after the infamous looting of the museum in Baghdad. After that experience and her retirement from the military, she found herself inspired to form the U.S. Committee of the Blue Shield. USCBS is a membership organization governed by a board of directors composed of prominent cultural property professionals in the areas of law, museums, libraries, archivists, conservation, archaeology, education and architecture. USCBS Board members, Nancy Wilkie and James Reap, serve on the Cultural Property Advisory Committee of the U.S. Department of State. The Smithsonian Institution, the Archaeological Institute of America and US/ICOMOS have entered into Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) with USCBS.

USCBS was formed as a charitable not-for-profit corporation in 2006. It functions in a similar capacity as the Red Cross (which provides humanitarian relief), by supporting U.S. implementation of the 1954 Hague Convention, which requires the protection of cultural heritage in danger from armed conflict or natural disasters worldwide.

When it was formed, USCBS was required to have support from the American Library Association (ALA), the Society of American Archivists (SAA), the International Council of Museums (ICOM-US), and US National Committee of Monuments and Sites (US/ICOMOS).

Goals
USCBS seeks to raise public awareness about why it is imperative to protect cultural heritage, by coordinating with the U.S. military/government and other similar organizations, by advocating for legal protections and commitments to protect cultural property as laid out in the 1954 Hague Convention, and by preparing and maintaining cultural heritage inventories that identify the locations of potential at-risk cultural sites, such as museums, libraries, archives, religious structures, and archaeological sites, to keep them safe from armed conflict attack. They also assist in protection of cultural property in emergencies and as a result of natural disasters.

Military training
A group of cultural heritage professionals have "gathered together under the banner of the US Committee of the Blue Shield", bringing their civilian skills to help the military where they are lacking in personnel. The Getty Conservation Institute article entitled "Using Inventories to Protect Cultural Property" states that "The US Committee of the Blue Shield and the emerging UK National Committee have become, by default, the main conduits of information to their own militaries and NATO." Photo depicts a training session coordinated by USCBS.

The U.S. Committee of the Blue Shield presented Brig. Gen. Erik Peterson, commanding general of the U.S. Army Special Operations Aviation Command, with the inaugural Meritorious Military Service in Protection of Cultural Property Award in September 2014. In his acceptance speech he said that training service members in the protection of cultural property helps "Soldiers and their leaders become aware, respectful of, and actively protect irreplaceable cultural treasures. These efforts are not only morally right in the eyes of the international community and enlightened people and compliant with law and policy, but they are practical and effective militarily," he said. "They contribute directly to stabilization, unity, conflict termination and post-conflict resolution."

Cultural heritage inventories
In March 2011, USCBS collected and coordinated information to create a list of Libyan cultural property sites. The list was later disseminated to the U.S. military, which maintains lists of cultural property to be avoided during military campaigns. This was instrumental in protecting archaeological sites, libraries, museums, etc. during the NATO air campaign. In January 2015 the J.M. Kaplan Fund awarded USCBS a grant to continue their work on compiling lists of cultural property in the Middle East.

Advocacy
After the notoriety of the looting of sites and museums in Iraq in 2003, the US Committee of the Blue Shield (USCBS) advocated for ratification of The 1954 Hague Convention. The US Committee of the Blue Shield, as part of a consortium of cultural heritage preservation organizations, submitted written testimony to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in support of ratification. It was pressure from the US Committee of the Blue Shield and others that convinced the US to ratify the 1954 Hague Convention in 2009. On September 10, 2013, USCBS issued a letter to President Barack Obama which requested that cultural property in Syria be protected and that the trade in its looted artifacts be prohibited. In 2017, USCBS presented their Outstanding Public Service Award for the Protection of Cultural Property to Representatives Eliot Engel and Ed Royce who were instrumental in the passage of the Protect and Preserve International Cultural Property Act H.R. 1493/S. 1887. This legislation, which became law in 2016, imposes import restrictions on cultural materials removed illegally from Syria after March 2011, the beginning of the civil war in that country.

Natural disasters and emergency protection
The January 2010 earthquake in Haiti created a situation where volunteers and members of USCBS traveled to the area and were instrumental in setting up a conservation center to help protect cultural artifacts affected by the quake.

title: U.S. Committee of the Blue Shield


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Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Men's Issues/Archives/2017/January

Navigation Bar needed, added to todo list
I noticed that the Men's Issues Project does not currently have content for,. I am adding it to the todo list. Sawta (talk) 12:17, 17 January 2017 (UTC)


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häipyvä

Etymology
(present active participle)

Adjective

 * 1) evanescent, vanishing, disappearing, transient, transitory
 * 2) momentary, fleeting

title: häipyvä


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Marcel Kelsey

Vice Admiral Marcel Harcourt Attwood Kelsey CB, DSC (21 February 1894 – 27 August 1964) was a Royal Navy officer who became Flag Officer, Malta.

Naval career
Kelsey joined the Royal Navy in September 1911 and served in the First World War. Promoted to captain on 31 December 1936, Kelsey became deputy director of Personal Services at the Admiralty in September 1937. He served in the Second World War becoming commanding officer of the cruiser HMS Naiad in April 1940, Commodore-in-Charge, Freetown in April 1942 and commanding officer of the battleship HMS Warspite in March 1944. As captain of HMS Warspite he led the bombardment squadron during Operation Infatuate, an Anglo-Canadian operation to open the port of Antwerp to shipping and relieve logistical constraints. He went on to be Commodore, Royal Naval Barracks, Chatham in January 1945.

After the War he became Flag Officer, Malta in June 1946.

title: Marcel Kelsey


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bisóodi

Etymology
From early modern Mesoamerican, from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) pig, hog
 * 2) bacon

title: bisóodi


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Latin/Grammar

This Appendix is Divided into Two Sections:

 * 1) Grammatical Definitions A a comprehensive glossary of Latin and English Grammatical Definitions.
 * 2) Latin Noun and Verb Tables A comprehensive list of noun (substantive, adjective and pronoun) and verb tables.

title: Latin/Grammar