text:
Union with Scotland (Amendment) Act 1707

The Union with Scotland (Amendment) Act 1707 (6 Ann.) is an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. It is chapter VI in the common printed editions.

This Act was partly in force in Great Britain at the end of 2010.

It united the English and Scottish Privy Councils and decentralised Scottish administration by appointing justices of the peace in each shire to carry out administration. In effect it took the day-to-day government of Scotland out of the hands of politicians and into those of the College of Justice.

Section 4
This section was repealed by the Schedule to the Circuit Courts and Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1925.

Section 5
This section was repealed by section 175 of, and Schedule 9 to, the Representation of the People Act 1949.

Section 6
This section was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1867.


text:
Lojban/Foods and beverages

Beverages

 * djacu water
 * Rafsi: jac jau
 * Definition: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous/[aquatic]
 * Notes: [aquatic (= jaupli)]; (cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, limna, litki, lumci, bumru, jinto)
 * xalka alcohol
 * Rafsi: xal
 * Definition: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alcohol of type x2 from source/process x3
 * Notes: See also birje, jikru, vanju.
 * jikru liquor
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of liquor/spirits distilled from x2
 * Notes: See also barja, vanju, birje, xalka.
 * vanju wine
 * Rafsi: van
 * Definition: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of wine from fruit/grapes x2
 * Notes: See also barja, birje, xalka, jikru, fusra.
 * birje beer
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew brewed from x2
 * Notes: See also pinxe, barja, jikru, vanju, xalka, fusra.
 * jisra juice
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of juice/nectar from-source/of-type x2
 * Notes: Water-based extract from a (generally) biological source. See also pinxe, djacu, grute, stagi.
 * sodva soda
 * Rafsi: sod
 * Definition: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage/soda of flavor/brand x2
 * Notes: Also: soft drink (though this sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks"). See also jilka, jinme.
 * ckafi coffee
 * Rafsi: kaf
 * Definition: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2
 * Notes: Brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum. See also tcati, brewed from a leaf, barja, cakla.
 * tcati tea
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of tea brewed from leaves x2
 * Notes: See also ckafi.

Foods

 * sanmi meal
 * Rafsi: sai
 * Definition: x1 (mass) is a meal composed of dishes including x2
 * Notes: x2 is a course/dish of meal x1 (= selsai for reordered places). See also barja, stasu, gusta, sanso.
 * rectu meat `flesh'
 * Rafsi: rec, re'u
 * Definition: x1 is a quantity of/contains meat/flesh from source/animal x2
 * Notes: See also sluji.
 * grasu grease
 * Rafsi: ras
 * Definition: x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains grease/fat/oil from source x2
 * Notes: See also ctile, matne, plana.
 * ladru milk `lactic'
 * Rafsi: lad
 * Definition: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of milk from source x2; (adjective:) x1 is lactic/dairy
 * Notes: See also lanbi, mabru, tatru, cirla, kruji.
 * kruji cream
 * Rafsi: ruj
 * Definition: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of cream/emulsion/puree [consistency] of composition x2
 * Notes: [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; See also ladru, matne.
 * matne butter
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2
 * Notes: (adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne). See also grasu, kruji.
 * cirla cheese
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is a quantity of/contains cheese/curd from source x2
 * Notes: See also ladru.
 * sakta sugar `sucrose'
 * Rafsi: sat
 * Definition: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3
 * Notes: Also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (basysakta or sakybasti, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification. See also silna, titla.
 * cakla chocolate
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of chocolate/cocoa
 * Notes: See also ckafi.
 * nanba bread
 * Rafsi: nab
 * Definition: x1 is a quantity of/contains bread [leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2
 * Notes: See also gurni, panlo, toknu.
 * salta salad
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 (mass) is a quantity of salad [food] with ingredients/components including x2
 * Notes: x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1. See also mixre, stasu.
 * sanso sauce
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is a sauce/topping/gravy/frosting for use with x2, containing ingredient(s) including x3
 * Notes: x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of sauce x1. See also sanmi, mixre, stasu.
 * stasu soup `stew'
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/olla/olio [food] of ingredients including x2
 * Notes: x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1. See also sanmi, mixre, salta, sanso.
 * tsapi seasoning
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is a seasoning/condiment/spice causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property)
 * Notes: Also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a). See also vrusi.
 * sigja cigar
 * Rafsi: sig
 * Definition: x1 is a cigar/cigarette/cigarillo made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3
 * Notes: See also danmo, jelca, tanko, marna.

Vegetables

 * kobli cabbage `cole-'
 * Rafsi: kob, ko'i
 * Definition: x1 is a quantity of cabbage/lettuce/leafy vegetable of species/strain x2
 * Notes: See also stagi.
 * tamca tomato
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is a tomato [fruit/vegetable/plant] of species/strain x2
 * Notes: See also grute, stagi.
 * sluni onion
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is a quantity of/contains onions/scallions of type/cultivar x2
 * Notes: See also stagi.
 * sunga garlic
 * Rafsi: sug
 * Definition: x1 is a quantity of garlic [bulb] of species/strain x2
 * Notes: See also stagi.
 * patlu potato
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is a potato [an edible tuber] of variety/cultivar x2
 * Notes: (use samcu for starchy/tuberous roots that do not reproduce from eyes of tuber); See also genja, jalna, samcu.
 * samcu cassava `yam'
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2
 * Notes: See also patlu, genja, jalna.

Fruits

 * badna banana
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is a banana/plantain [fruit/plant] of species/breed x2
 * Notes: See also grute.
 * nimre citrus `lime'
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is a quantity of citrus [fruit/tree, etc.] of species/strain x2
 * Notes: See also grute, slari, slami, xukmi.
 * plise apple
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is an apple [fruit] of species/strain x2
 * Notes: See also grute.
 * perli pear
 * Rafsi: per
 * Definition: x1 is a pear [fruit] of species/strain x2
 * Notes: See also grute.
 * guzme melon
 * Rafsi: guz zme
 * Definition: x1 is a melon/squash [fruit/plant] of species/strain x2
 * Notes: See also grute.
 * figre fig
 * Rafsi: fig
 * Definition: x1 is a fig [fruit/tree] of species/strain x2
 * Notes: See also grute.

Digestion

 * pinxe drink
 * Rafsi: pix
 * Definition: x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3
 * Notes: See also cidja, citka, taske, tunlo, xaksu, barja, birje.
 * cidja food `feed'
 * Rafsi: dja
 * Definition: x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2
 * Notes: See also citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina.
 * vindu poison `venom'
 * Rafsi: vid
 * Definition: x1 is poisonous/venomous/toxic/a toxin to x2
 * Notes: See also since.
 * vikmi excrete
 * Rafsi: vim, vi'i
 * Definition: x1 [body] excretes waste x2 from source x3 via means/route x4
 * Notes: See also cigla, kalci, pinca, xasne.
 * kalci feces `shit'
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is a/the feces/excrement/dung/shit of x2 (animal/person); (adjective:) x1 is fecal (matter)
 * Notes: Also crap. See also ganxo, pinca, vikmi, mabla, festi.
 * pinca urine `piss'
 * Rafsi: (none)
 * Definition: x1 is a/the urine/piss/pee of x2
 * Notes: See also vikmi, xasne, kalci, mabla, festi.
 * vamtu vomit
 * Rafsi: vat
 * Definition: x1 vomits/regurgitates x2; x1 throws x2 up; [violent] digestive expulsion
 * Notes: (x2 is non-gaseous); See also rigni, jetce, kafke, sputu.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lojban/Foods and beverages


text:
Malaya Cherga

Malaya Cherga (Малая Черга; Чичке-Чаргы, Çiçke-Çargı) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of malocherginskoye Rural Settlement, Shebalinsky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 216 as of 2016. There are 4 streets.

Geography
Malaya Cherga is located 17 km northwest of Shebalino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Arbayta is the nearest rural locality.

title: Malaya Cherga


text:
Marco Mathys

Marco Mathys (born 5 July 1987) is a Swiss footballer who plays for FC Solothurn in the Swiss 1. Liga.

Early career
Mathys came up through the youth ranks of hometown club SC Derendingen.

Concordia Basel
In July 2006, Mathys moved to FC Concordia Basel. In three seasons with the club, he made 79 league appearances, scoring eight times.

Biel/Benne
In July 2009, Mathys moved to Swiss Challenge League club FC Biel-Bienne on a free transfer. He made his league debut for the club on 26 July 2009 in a 2–0 loss to FC Vaduz. He was replaced by David Casasnovas in the 83rd minute. He scored his first league goal for the club a week later in a 3–0 home victory over Stade Nyonnais. His goal came in the 49th minute.

St. Gallen
In January 2012, Mathys was sold to FC St. Gallen for £63,000. His league debut for St. Gallen came on 18 February 2012 in a 6-0 demolition of SR Delémont. He was brought on for Manuel Sutter in the 57th minute. His first league goal came on 31 March 2012 in a 3–2 victory over FC Wil. His goal came just six minutes after being introduced, and made the score 2–1 in favor of St. Gallen. He had been brought on for Manuel Sutter in the 56th minute. In his first season with the club, they won the Swiss Challenge League and were promoted to the Swiss Super League.

Vaduz
In July 2016, Mathys was sold to FC Vaduz on a free transfer. He made his league debut for the club on 24 July 2016 in a 1–1 draw with FC Thun. He was subbed off in the 84th minute, replaced by eventual goal-scorer Ali Messaoud. His first league goal came as part of a hat-trick scored in a 5–1 victory over FC Lugano. The goals came in the 62nd, 75th, and 92nd minutes. Unfortunately, the club was relegated in his first season with them.

He left Vaduz at the end of 2018.

FC Solothurn
Mathys joined FC Solothurn on 12 June 2019.

Honours

 * St. Gallen
 * Swiss Challenge League (1): 2011–12

 * FC Vaduz
 * Liechtenstein Football Cup (2): 2016–17, 2017–18

title: Marco Mathys


text:
Talk:Bugs Bunny

Bugs Bunny
--Connel MacKenzie 04:29, 4 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Used attributively. The Looney Tunes series of cartoons are typically called "Bugs Bunny cartoons", even if Bugs isn't in them. --EncycloPetey 04:50, 4 June 2007 (UTC)
 * 23 google books hits for "bugs bunny teeth". Kappa 19:37, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

RFV discussion
Needs attributive cites. --Yair rand 00:29, 25 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Deleted. Equinox ◑ 16:17, 9 July 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bugs Bunny


text:
91st Regiment

91st Regiment or 91st Infantry Regiment may refer to:

 * 91st Regiment of Foot (disambiguation), several units of the British Army
 * 91st Punjabis (Light Infantry), a unit of the British Indian Army
 * 91st Cavalry Regiment, United States
 * 91st Coast Artillery (United States)

Union Army (American Civil War):
 * 91st Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment
 * 91st Indiana Infantry Regiment
 * 91st New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment
 * 91st Ohio Infantry
 * 91st Pennsylvania Infantry

title: 91st Regiment


text:
Fire and emergency management/Fire Investigator/Documenting the Scene

Terminal objective: Given standard tools and equipment, diagram the scene, photographically document the scene, and construct investigative notes.

Enabling objectives:

The student should be able:
 * Accurately represent the scene.
 * Identify evidence, pertinent contents, significant patterns and origin areas or points.
 * Ensure the scene is accurately depicted and that photographs appropriately support scene findings.

Terminal objective: Given a fire scene, available documents (e.g. pre-fire plans and inspection reports), and interview information, construct investigative notes.

Enabling objectives:

The student should be able:
 * Ensure notes are accurate.
 * Document the scene.
 * Represent complete documentation of scene findings.


text:
Talk:Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 one external links on Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070301000033/http://www.congresssandesh.com:80/AICC/history/presidents/dr_pattabhi_sitaraimayya.htm to http://www.congresssandesh.com/AICC/history/presidents/dr_pattabhi_sitaraimayya.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060218012515/http://www.andhrabank-india.com:80/english/bankprofile.asp to http://www.andhrabank-india.com/english/bankprofile.asp#founder
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070301000033/http://www.congresssandesh.com:80/AICC/history/presidents/dr_pattabhi_sitaraimayya.htm to http://www.congresssandesh.com/AICC/history/presidents/dr_pattabhi_sitaraimayya.htm

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:45, 1 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya


text:
Makito Uehara

Makito Uehara (上原 牧人) is a Japanese footballer currently playing as a defender for FC Ryukyu.

Club
.

 * Notes

title: Makito Uehara


text:
User:Tui81524/Evaluate an Article

Evaluate an article
This is where you will complete your article evaluation. Please use the template below to evaluate your selected article.

 * Name of article: (link)Food desert
 * Briefly describe why you have chosen this article to evaluate.
 * I chose this article mainly because I have never heard of this term and finding out more about them would be interesting to me.

Lead

 * Guiding questions

 * Does the Lead include an introductory sentence that concisely and clearly describes the article's topic?
 * yes
 * Does the Lead include a brief description of the article's major sections?
 * It does not...
 * Does the Lead include information that is not present in the article?
 * yes
 * Is the Lead concise or is it overly detailed?
 * it is very detailed

Content

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article's content relevant to the topic?
 * For the most part, it is.
 * Is the content up-to-date?
 * yes, it is.
 * Is there content that is missing or content that does not belong?
 * no

Tone and Balance

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article neutral?
 * it seems to. be neutral
 * Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
 * It is neutral
 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
 * underrepresented
 * Does the article attempt to persuade the reader in favor of one position or away from another?
 * no, it may try to persuade them to figure out a way to help people who live in food deserts though.

Sources and References

 * Guiding questions

 * Are all facts in the article backed up by a reliable secondary source of information?
 * I believe so
 * Are the sources thorough - i.e. Do they reflect the available literature on the topic?
 * yes
 * Are the sources current?
 * no
 * Check a few links. Do they work?
 * yes, they work.

Organization

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article well-written - i.e. Is it concise, clear, and easy to read?
 * yes
 * Does the article have any grammatical or spelling errors?
 * none that I picked up when I skimmed it.
 * Is the article well-organized - i.e. broken down into sections that reflect the major points of the topic?
 * yes

Images and Media

 * Guiding questions

 * Does the article include images that enhance understanding of the topic?
 * no
 * Are images well-captioned?
 * no
 * Do all images adhere to Wikipedia's copyright regulations?
 * no
 * Are the images laid out in a visually appealing way?
 * no

Checking the talk page

 * Guiding questions

 * What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
 * how can we amend this problem?
 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
 * How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?

Overall impressions

 * Guiding questions

 * What is the article's overall status?
 * it's fine
 * What are the article's strengths?
 * It seems to be backed up with multiple facts from the FDA
 * How can the article be improved?
 * it can be condensed
 * How would you assess the article's completeness - i.e. Is the article well-developed? Is it underdeveloped or poorly developed?
 * I think it is well developed.

Optional activity

 * Choose at least 1 question relevant to the article you're evaluating and leave your evaluation on the article's Talk page. Be sure to sign your feedback

with four tildes — ~How can this be better improved in rural areas?

 * Link to feedback:

title: User:Tui81524/Evaluate an Article


text:
Michael Tangl

Michael Tangl (1864 – 1921, in Klagenfurt) was an Austrian scholar of history and diplomatics, and one of the main editors of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica, for whom he published the correspondence of Saint Boniface, an edition still used by scholars and considered the definitive edition.

Career
Tangl was born in Wolfsberg, Carinthia, on 28 May 1864, to a family of bakers. He attended school at Saint Paul's Abbey, Lavanttal, near Wolfsberg, started at age 11; he later said that the wealth of deeds in the abbey's library became an inspiration for him. He studied history and classical philology at the University of Vienna from 1881 to 1884, and until 1887 at the Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, which prepared students for work in archives, libraries, and museums. There he met two historians who would be of great importance later in his life: Theodor von Sickel and Engelbert Mühlbacher. Until 1891 he studied at the Austrian Historical Institutein Rome, on the recommendation of von Sickel; his work there led to the publication, in 1894, of Die päpstlichen Kanzleiordnungen von 1200–1500. Tangl was aided in the compilation of this work by his discovery of a 1560 book in the Barberini library that recorded events and transactions of the Apostolic Chancery going back to the Avignon papacy.

He gained his doctorate in 1889, and his habilitation in 1892 under Mühlbacher, in the history of the Middle Ages and auxiliary sciences of history. He worked as a civil servant for the archives of the Austrian ministry of the Interior, and later that of Finances; during this time he published his only essay on a more recent topic, the Italian writer Silvio Pellico.

Mühlbacher helped him acquire a position with the Monumenta Germaniae Historica, in the Diplomata section. In 1892 he began editing the deeds of the early Carolingians, and published, after the death of Mühlbacher, the first volume in 1906. From 1903 on he worked on the republication of the Placita and took charge of the Epistolae. He was elected a member of the board of the MGH in 1902. After 1911 he was editor of the MGH's journal, Deutsches Archiv (then called Neues Archiv). During World War 1 and until 1919 he directed the MGH.

In 1895 he was appointed at the University of Marburg, at their newly founded program for Auxiliary sciences of history. In 1897 he was appointed at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin, where from 1900 until his death he was professor of Auxiliary sciences of history and medieval history. He became a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, and in 1918 was selected as member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences.

Notable work
Tangl published two articles in Neues Archiv on the Boniface correspondence, articles considered "foundational" by Theodor Schieffer. They include an important discussion of the so-called Zachary exemption, a forgery in the Boniface correspondence that supported the Fulda Abbey's status as exempt from the local diocese. Of particular importance was his settling of the death date of Boniface, which he determined was 754, not 755. His edition of the Boniface correspondence, the last of three critical editions (he was preceded by Philipp Jaffé and Ernst Dümmler), was published in 1916 by the MGH and is considered the definitive edition.

title: Michael Tangl


text:
User:BraaOsei

Biography of Dr Isaac Virtues Ankomah

Dr Isaac Virtues Ankomah (born November 12 1985) is a young Ghanaian Entrepreneur and Philanthropist. He is the CEO of Crystal Group of Companies with operations across Africa and Europe.

Early Life

Isaac Virtues Ankomah was born in Tema Ghana, and the first son of Rev Samuel Hayford Ankomah of Obrapa Bookshop at Spintex Road and Mrs Florence Ama Ankomah also an Enentrepreneur. Isaac Virtues Ankomah was educated at Chemu Senior High School Tema Ghana. Isaac Virtues Ankomah graduated from the Accra Technical University with a Head National Diploma and also  Honourble Professorship from Prowess University, Delaware, USA.

Managing Career

In 2008, Isaac Virtues Ankomah started Crystal Galaxy College of Aviation and Professional Studies in Odorkor Accra, providing professional education in the Aviation, Media and Oil and Gas Industry in Ghana. Prior to that, he managed his late father’s Obraapa Bookshop and ventured into some decent businesses at the time.

Companies.

Crystal University

Crystal Galaxy College

Crystal Airline limited

Crystal Properties

Crystal Travels & Tour

S-Afrique Consult

International Aviation & Maritime Association

Awards:

Dr Isaac Virtues Ankomah is the Director of Crystal Galaxy College of Aviation and Professional Studies. Currently, he is also the Chief Executive Officer of Crystal Group of Companies.

He is the first son of the late Rev. Samuel Hayford Ankomah and Mrs. Florence Ama Ankomah on the 12th of November 1985 and has 3 siblings namely, Enoch Ankomah, Ezekiel Ankomah and Emmanuel Ankomah.

Dr. Isaac Virtues Ankomah is a Doctor of Humanities and holds a Honorable Professorship from Prowess University, Delaware USA.

title: User:BraaOsei


text:
User:Eliotmiz/sandbox

=Eliot Mizrachi= In addition to assigning ratings the ESRB also enforces guidelines that have been adopted by the video game industry in order to ensure responsible advertising and marketing practices. These include ensuring that game packaging and advertisements properly display rating information and restricting where ads for T-, M- and AO-rated games can appear. This allows the ESRB to restrict video game advertising "to consumers for whom the product is not rated as appropriate." The industry's enforcement of advertising and marketing guidelines led the Federal Trade Commission to recognize ESRB as having "the strongest self-regulatory code" of all entertainment sectors in its 2009 Report to Congress.

Video game publishers agree to abide by these guidelines when they receive a rating from the ESRB, and this agreement empowers ESRB to impose fines and other sanctions in cases where a violation of these guidelines has occurred. While ESRB guidelines technically apply only to the companies that submit their products to be rated, online retailers such as Steam, Xbox Live Marketplace, PlayStation Network, and the Wii Shop Channel ban minors from downloading game demos or trailers for games rated Mature or Rating Pending.

title: User:Eliotmiz/sandbox


text:
Portal:Accounting

W ELCOME TO THE H OMEPAGE OF THE W IKIVERSITY A CCOUNTING D EPARTMENT ! A department of the School of Business

title: Portal:Accounting


text:
Talk:Marie-Louise Nosch

Feedback from New Page Review process
I left the following feedback for the creator/future reviewers while reviewing this article: Thank you for creating this article..

Kudpung กุดผึ้ง (talk) 11:00, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marie-Louise Nosch


text:
Novoalexeyevka, Altai Krai

Novoalexeyevka (Новоалексеевка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Novopeschansky Selsoviet, Burlinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 140 as of 2013. It was founded in 1907. There are 4 streets.

Geography
Novoalexeyevka is located near the southern shore of lake Peschanoye of the Burla river basin 25 km northeast of Burla (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novopeschanoye is the nearest rural locality.

title: Novoalexeyevka, Altai Krai


text:
Probability/Introduction

Overview
Probability theory provides a mathematical model for the study of randomness and uncertainty. Many important decisions, whether from business, government, science, recreation or even one's personal life must be made with incomplete information or some degree of uncertainty. Hence, a formalized study of uncertain or random outcomes occupies an important role in modern society. In situations where one of any number of possible outcomes may occur, the mathematical model of probability theory offers methods for quantifying the likelihoods associated with those outcomes. Probability also provides tools which allow us to move beyond simply describing the information contained within a set of data (descriptive statistics) to actually inferring further information from that data (inferential statistics). Many of the early attempts to model likelihood arose from games of chance. For a brief history of probability see this Wikipedia article.

Although probability theory is now a very formal branch of mathematics, the language of probability is often used informally in everyday speech. We express our beliefs about likelihoods of outcomes in situations involving uncertainty using intuition guided by our experiences and in some cases statistics. Consider the following examples:

 * Bill says "Don't buy the avocados here; about half the time, they're rotten". Bill is expressing his belief about the probability of an event — that an avocado will be rotten — based on his personal experience.
 * Lisa says "I am 95% certain the capital of Spain is Barcelona". Here, the belief Lisa is expressing is only a probability from her point of view, because only she does not know that the capital of Spain is Madrid (from our point of view, the probability is 100%). However, we can still view this as a subjective probability because it expresses a measure of uncertainty. It is as though Lisa is saying "in 95% of cases where I feel as sure as I do about this, I turn out to be right".
 * Susan says "There is a lower chance of being shot in Omaha than in Detroit". Susan is expressing a belief based (presumably) on statistics.
 * Dr. Smith says to Christina, "There is a 75% chance that you will live." Dr. Smith is basing this off of his research.
 * Nicolas says "It will probably rain tomorrow." In this case the likelihood that it will rain is expressed in vague terms and is subjective, but implies that the speaker believes it is greater than $$\frac12$$ (or 50%). Subjective probabilities have been extensively studied, especially with regards to gambling and securities markets. While this type of probability is important, it is not the subject of this book. A good reference is "Degrees of Belief" By Steven Vick (2002).

Notice that in the previous examples the likelihood of any particular outcome is expressed as a percentage (between 0% and 100%), as is common in everyday language. However, probabilities in formal probability theory are always expressed as real numbers in the interval $$[0,1]$$ (e.g. a probability of .25 may be expressed as 25%, or a probability of $$\frac{1}{\pi}$$ may be expressed as approximately 31.83%). Other differences exist between common expressions of probabilities and formal probability theory. For example, a probability of 0% is typically taken to mean that the event to which that probability is assigned is impossible. However, in probability theory (usually in cases where there are infinitely many possible outcomes) an event ascribed a probability of zero may actually occur. In some situations, it is certain that such an event will occur (e.g. in selecting a real number between 0 and 1, the probability of selecting any given number is zero, but it is certain that one such number will be selected).

Another way to express the probability of an outcome is by its odds: the ratio of the probability of "success" (event occurs) to the probability of "failure" (event does not occur). In gambling odds are expressed as the ratio of the stakes risked by each participant in a wager. For instance: a bookmaker offering odds of 3 to 1 "against" a horse will pay a punter three times their stake (if the horse wins). In fact, the bookmaker (ignoring factors such as his potential need to "lay off" bets which are exposing him to the possibility of an unacceptable overall loss) is announcing that he thinks the horse has a $$\frac14$$ chance of winning. If we express odds as "chance of winning": "chance of not winning", then 3 to 1 against would be represented as $$1:3=\frac14:\frac34$$ or $$\frac13$$. So an event with a probability of $$\frac14$$ or 25% has odds of 33%. This disparity is even more clear where an event has a probability of 50% (e.g., the odds of a coin showing heads is 50%:50% = 1:1 or $$\frac{1}{2}$$).

Types of probability
As mentioned earlier, probability can be expressed informally in a variety of different ways, but even formal definitions and approaches vary. The most general and rigorous approach is known as axiomatic probability theory, which will be the focus of later chapters. Here we briefly discuss a few other approaches, their uses and limitations. All of these approaches rely in one way or another on the concept of an experiment. Recall that probability provides means to study randomness and uncertainty.

An experiment is any action or process whose outcome is subject to uncertainty or randomness.

Here the term experiment is used in a wider sense than its usual connotation with controlled laboratory situations. Further clarification on experiments will be given later, but for now the following examples of experiments will suffice:
 * observing whether or not a commercial product is defective.
 * tossing a coin one or more times or selecting a card from a card deck.
 * conducting a survey.
 * measuring the wind speed or rainfall in a particular area.

Assuming that an experiment can be repeated under identical conditions, then each repetition of an experiment is called a trial.

Basic Concepts
There are two standard approaches to conceptually interpreting probabilities: the relative frequency approach and the subjective belief (or confidence approach). In the Frequency Theory of Probability, probability is the limit of the relative frequency with which certain outcomes occur in repeated trials (note that the outcome of any single trial cannot depend on the outcome of other trials). The relative frequency approach requires that experiments be random and that all possible outcomes be known before execution of the experiment. The probability of any set of outcomes is expressed as the relative frequency with which those outcomes will occur among many repeated trials.

Physical probabilities fall within the category of objective or frequency probabilities, and are associated with random physical systems such as roulette wheels, rolling dice and radioactive atoms. In such systems, a given outcome (such as a die yielding a six) tends to occur at a persistent rate, or 'relative frequency', in a long run of trials. Physical probabilities either explain, or are invoked to explain these stable frequencies.

Relative frequency probabilities are always expressed as a figure between 0% (the outcome essentially never happens) and 100% (the outcome essentially always happens), or similarly as a figure between 0 and 1. According to the Frequency Theory of Probability, saying that "the probability that A occurs is p%" means that if you repeat the experiment many times under essentially identical conditions, the percentage of time for which A occurs will converge to p. For example, a 50% chance that a coin lands "heads up" means that if you toss the coin over and over again, then the ratio of times the coin lands heads to the total number of tosses approaches a limiting value of 50% as the number of tosses grows. Notice that the outcome of one toss never depends on another toss, and that the ratio of heads to total number of tosses is always between 0% and 100%.

In the Subjective Theory of Probability, probability measures the speaker's "degree of belief" that a set of outcomes will result, on a scale of 0% (complete disbelief that the event will happen) to 100% (certainty that the event will happen). According to the Subjective Theory, saying that "the probability that A occurs is $$\frac23$$ " means that I believe that A will happen twice as strongly as I believe that A will not happen. The Subjective Theory is particularly useful in assigning meaning to the probability of outcomes that in principle can occur only once. For example, how might one assign meaning to the following statement: "there is a 25% chance of an earthquake on the San Andreas fault with magnitude 8 or larger before 2050"? It would be very hard to qualify this measure in terms of relative frequency.

One way to represent an individual's degree of belief in a statement, given available evidence, is with the Bayesian approach. Evidential probability, also called Bayesian probability, can be assigned to any statement whatsoever, even when no random process is involved. On most accounts evidential probabilities are considered degrees of belief, defined in terms of dispositions to gamble at certain odds. The primary evidential interpretations include the classical interpretation, the subjective interpretation, the epistemic or inductive interpretation, and the logical interpretation.

The next several sections discuss the principal theories within the relative frequency approach to probability.

Classical theory of probability
The classical approach to probability expresses probability as a ratio of the number of favorable outcomes in a series of successive trials to the number of total possible outcomes. Note the immediate implication that the number of total possible outcomes be known. Furthermore, all possible outcomes are assumed to be equally probably and no two possible outcomes can both result from the same trial. Here, the term "favorable" is not subjective, but rather indicates that an outcome belongs to a group of outcomes of interest. This group of outcomes is called an event, which will be formalized with the introduction of axiomatic probability theory.

For example, a standard deck of cards (without jokers) has 52 cards. If we randomly draw a card from the deck, we can think of each card as a possible outcome. Therefore, there are 52 total outcomes. We can now look at various events and calculate their probabilities:
 * Out of the 52 cards, there are 13 clubs. Therefore, if the event of interest is drawing a club, there are 13 favorable outcomes, and the probability of this event is $$\frac{13}{52}=\frac14$$.
 * There are 4 kings (one of each suit). The probability of drawing a king is $$\frac{4}{52}=\frac{1}{13}$$.
 * What is the probability of drawing a king OR a club? This example is slightly more complicated. We cannot simply add together the number of outcomes for each event separately ($$4+13=17$$) as this inadvertently counts one of the outcomes twice (the king of clubs). The correct answer is $$\frac{16}{52}$$ from $$\frac{13}{52}+\frac{4}{52}-\frac{1}{52}$$ where this is essentially $$p(\text{club})+p(\text{king})-p(\text{king of clubs})$$.

Classical probability suffers from a serious limitation. The definition of probability implicitly defines all outcomes to be equiprobable. While this might be useful for drawing cards, rolling dice, or pulling balls from urns, it offers no method for dealing with outcomes with unequal probabilities.

This limitation can even lead to mistaken statements about probabilities. An often given example goes like this:
 * I could be hit by a meteor tomorrow. There are two possible outcomes: I will be hit, or I will not be hit. Therefore, the probability I will be hit by a meteor tomorrow is $$\frac12=50%$$.

Of course, the problem here is not with the classical theory, merely the attempted application of the theory to a situation to which it is not well adapted.

This limitation does not, however, mean that the classical theory of probability is useless. At many points in the development of the axiomatic approach to probability, classical theory is an important guiding factor.

Empirical or Statistical Probability or Frequency of occurrence
This approach to probability is well-suited to a wide range of scientific disciplines. It is based on the idea that the underlying probability of an event can be measured by repeated trials.

It is of course impossible to conduct an infinite number of trials. However, it usually suffices to conduct a large number of trials, where the standard of large depends on the probability being measured and how accurate a measurement we need.

A note on this definition of probability: How do we know the sequence $$\frac{n_A}{n}$$ in the limit will converge to the same result every time, or that it will converge at all? The unfortunate answer is that we don't. To see this, consider an experiment consisting of flipping a coin an infinite number of times. We are interested in the probability of heads coming up. Imagine the result is the following sequence:
 * HTHHTTHHHHTTTTHHHHHHHHTTTTTTTTHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT...

with each run of $$k$$ heads and $$k$$ tails being followed by another run twice as long. For this example, the sequence $$\frac{n_A}{n}$$ oscillates between roughly $$\frac13$$ and $$\frac23$$ and doesn't converge.

We might expect such sequences to be unlikely, and we would be right. It will be shown later that the probability of such a run is 0, as is a sequence that converges to anything other than the underlying probability of the event. However, such examples make it clear that the limit in the definition above does not express convergence in the more familiar sense, but rather some kind of convergence in probability. The problem of formulating exactly what this means belongs to axiomatic probability theory.

Axiomatic probability theory
Although axiomatic probability theory is often frightening to beginners, it is the most general approach to probability and has been employed in tackling some of the more difficult problems in probability. It begins with a set of axioms which, although not immediately intuitive, are guided by the more familiar classical probability theory. These axioms are discussed in the (as yet unwritten) following chapter.

About This Book
This book is going to discuss the topic of mathematical probability using Calculus and Linear Algebra. Readers of this book should have a good understanding of both those topics before attempting to read and understand this book completely.

title: Probability/Introduction


text:
Latin

This is an elementary Latin course accompanied with a detailed grammar based upon Kennedy's Public School Latin Grammar designed to introduce one to the world of. A basic understanding of would be helpful; however, it is not required. Basic definitions of terms will be explained in Lessons 1 and 2, and later elaborated as needed.

For detailed explanations and examples of English grammatical terms, please consult the English Grammar textbook. However, Latin grammar is quite different from that of English, and thus it requires different grammatical terms to explain the concepts. These will be taught as needed.

Preface

This book will attempt to teach the reader about Latin from the ground up. Please read the Introduction to the origins and structure of Latin carefully, as it introduces the concept of a stem. As is typical in many other languages, the infinitive stem (present tense, active voice) is used for conjugating verbs. [The introduction of additional information in parentheses is done simply to avoid confusing a student who has already had exposure to Latin.]

Advice
Parts of this book may have been edited by people who do not speak English as their first language. All Wikibooks are written in the particular English dialect of the writer, which may not be standard usage. If you see something particularly unclear, please feel free to correct it, but please alter this article in a constructive manner.

If something doesn't make sense to you, delete or preferably fix it if you are skilled enough; otherwise, try to emphasize that text marking it with some keyword, e.g., "grade 12 [grade] American [system] revert?" reporting that thing in the Talk page of the book. The "revert" keyword allows your editors to know that you are not a skilled editor but that you are just trying to learn, and you are confused. Your changes are not permanent.

In any case, please, edit this book responsibly.
 * As this is a textbook, readers will want denotational indication of macrons. If you do not know how to do this in HTML, please refer to on the topic.

 * Nouns should be given in the nominative and genitive singular following the standard practice of Latin dictionaries. If it is necessary to indicate the case of the declension then the abbreviations "nom." and "gen." may be used. Different pages may use their own layout rules, but they should be left-justified and clear to the student.

 * Check with other commercial textbooks and study guides to see if what you are doing is factually accurate and pedagogically sound. Wikibooks trusts you to make that judgment on your own, but this is a book - not an article. A person who is either bold or rash might make an error or mistake in layout or explanation that will take a long time to find and correct, so, please, be very careful in what you do.

Introduction to the origins and structure of Latin

 * 1) /How to study a language on the Internet and in your head/
 * 2) /Special consideration: How to use a Wikibook when progress may mean inaccuracy/
 * 3) Grammatical Introduction to Latin The origin and structure of Latin
 * 4) Basic Grammar Grammatical introduction.

Chapter 1: Basic Sentences

 * 1) The Nominative Case  Create basic Latin sentences, with adjectives and the verb "to be"
 * 2) Adjectives  A short introduction to adjectives
 * 3) Present indicative active construct An introduction to verbs, and the present tense of regular verbs.
 * 4) Adverbs & Prepositions More on adjectives, and an overview of adverbs and prepositions.
 * 5) The Accusative Case  Learn to create sentences with transitive verbs.
 * 6) Pronouns Summary of Pronouns
 * 7) Chapter 1 Verse

Chapter 2: Complex Sentences

 * 1) The Imperfect Tense The imperfect tense, working in the past.
 * 2) The Genitive and Dative Cases  Indicate indirect objects and possession.
 * 3) The Future Tense Verbs in the Future
 * 4) The Ablative and Vocative Case  Indicate an ablative construct / directly address someone
 * 5) The 3rd, 4th and 5th declensions All remaining categories of nouns
 * 6) Irregular Verbs & Revision Review of all five declensions and the conjugation of present imperfect indicative active verbs.
 * 7) Translation Exercise Translate a passage.
 * 8) Imperfect and Future indicative active constructs
 * 9) Chapter 2 Verse

Chapter 3: Advanced Sentences

 * 1) Imperatives Ordering or Telling People What to Do.
 * 2) Active vs. Passive Verbs
 * 3) Indicative Passive Verbs  Present, imperfect, and future passives.
 * 4) Principal Parts Principal verb parts and verb conjugation.
 * 5) The Perfect Indicative Tense The uses and formation of the perfect indicative tense.
 * 6) The Perfect Indicative Passive Verbs  Use the perfect with the passives.
 * 7) Future and Past Perfect Indicative Tenses
 * 8) Ablative Absolute and Accusative Infinitive Constructions
 * 9) Chapter 3 Verse

Chapter 4: The Subjunctive Mood and Complex Sentences

 * 1) The Subjunctive Mood  Subjunctive vs. Indicative moods, conjugate the Subjunctive present.
 * 2) The Uses of the Subjunctive
 * 3) The Subjunctive Imperfect  Conjugation and uses of the imperfect subjunctive.
 * 4) The Subjunctive Passive Verbs  Conjugate the present and imperfect subjunctives.
 * 5) The Subjunctive Perfects The perfect endings for the Subjunctive.
 * 6) The Subjunctive Perfect Passive Verbs  Perfect auxiliary verbs for the subjunctive passives.
 * 7) The Gerund and Participles Verbal Nouns.
 * 8) Conditional Clauses Conditional sentences in the indicative and subjunctive mood
 * 9) Revision Review of all five declensions and the conjugation of the active subjunctive verbs.
 * 10) Idioms An overview of idiomatic phrases used in Latin.
 * 11) Translation Translate a passage from the Vulgate Bible.
 * 12) Chapter 4 Verse
 * 13) Verse from the Gospels

Chapter 5: Review

 * 1) Revision Review of all five noun and adjective declensions.
 * 2) Revision Revise work on all verb conjugations and learned forms.
 * 3) Translation Translate a passage from Catullus.
 * 4) Exercises Review of subjunctive forms.
 * 5) Exercises Review of passive forms.
 * 6) Translation
 * 7) Revision  Ideas and memory tools for language patterns in conjugation and declining.
 * 8) Chapter 5 Verse
 * 9) Poem about Latin

Spoken Latin
This is a test chapter to teach those who wish to learn Latin which they can use in their daily lives.
 * 1) Spoken Latin Wikibook

Appendices

 * Verb Synopsis
 * List of Declensions
 * Phonology of Latin (pronunciation)
 * Accents and Scansion
 * Morphology of Latin
 * Ecclesiastical & Medieval Latin
 * Latin Grammatical Definitions
 * Latin Dictionary
 * Latin Mottos and Phrases (used nowadays)
 * Latin Abbreviations (used nowadays)
 * /Common phrases/
 * Latin Resources
 * Library of Graded Latin Texts for Translation
 * Spoken Latin
 * /Words and their Flexion/
 * /Prefixes and Suffixes/
 * /Stylistic Features of Latin Verse and Prose/

About the Book

 * 1) Authors

Please leave ideas for additional chapters on the talk page.

title: Latin


text:
posttraumatic

Adjective

 * 1) After, or as a result of, a trauma.

Derived terms

 * posttraumatic stress disorder

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: посттраўматычны
 * Catalan: posttraumàtic
 * Czech: posttraumatický
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: trauman jälkeinen,
 * French:
 * German: posttraumatisch
 * Greek:
 * Italian: postraumatico
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: pós-traumático
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: postraumático
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian:

Etymology
. Equivalent to.

title: posttraumatic


text:
John Tomlinson

John Tomlinson may refer to:
 * John D. Tomlinson (1929–1992), American politician and businessman
 * John Tomlinson (footballer) (1934–2014), English footballer
 * John Tomlinson (educationalist) (1932–2005), British educationalist
 * John Tomlinson (bass) (born 1946), English opera singer
 * John Tomlinson, Baron Tomlinson (1939–2024), Lord Tomlinson of Walsall, former MP and MEP
 * John Tomlinson (comics), comics writer for 2000 AD
 * John Tomlinson (cricketer) (1926–2010), cricketer
 * John Tomlinson (football coach) (1910–2000), known as Ike
 * John Tomlinson (sport shooter) (born 1933), British Olympic shooter

title: John Tomlinson


text:
Accounting Interactions 1

Introduction: "Life in the Real World"

Welcome everyone! This text is organized differently from the Basic Principles books which lead off studies in Accounting. The idea was inspired by discussions in actual workplaces which never seem to be covered in classical Accounting courses. The first surprise is that basic Accounting courses begin working with a general ledger. But general ledger operations are always reserved for a senior member of management! Most new Accounting employees spend some time learning one of two "entry level" positions: Accounts Payable and Accounts Receivable.

Accounts payable
Accounts Payable is the process of describing activity on an invoice using some system of coded cost categories, then posting the invoice into a computer system where it becomes part of a series of cheques paid out.

The steps of Accounts payable process.

1. Receiving the invoices in legally accepted format. 2. Validate the invoice accuracy and the compliance. 3. Post the invoice in the Book with appropriate cost center(a book can be a system or a manual register) 4. Release the payment after approval of the authority person. 5. Pay the amount to the vendor on due date. 6. Send the remittance advice to the vendor.

Accounts receivable
The other common area new employees begin is in Accounts Receivable. Revenue cheques paying for goods and services are organized by customer, then entered into a computer system which posts the cheque to the customer's account. Someone then reviews that customer's account to determine how much, if any, further revenue is still owed by that customer.

title: Accounting Interactions 1


text:
Viral transformation

Viral transformation is the change in growth, phenotype, or indefinite reproduction of cells caused by the introduction of inheritable material. Through this process, a virus causes harmful transformations of an in vivo cell or cell culture. The term can also be understood as DNA transfection using a viral vector.

Viral transformation can occur both naturally and medically. Natural transformations can include viral cancers, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and T-cell Leukemia virus type I. Hepatitis B and C are also the result of natural viral transformation of the host cells. Viral transformation can also be induced for use in medical treatments.

Cells that have been virally transformed can be differentiated from untransformed cells through a variety of growth, surface, and intracellular observations. The growth of transformed cells can be impacted by a loss of growth limitation caused by cell contact, less oriented growth, and high saturation density. Transformed cells can lose their tight junctions, increase their rate of nutrient transfer, and increase their protease secretion. Transformation can also affect the cytoskeleton and change in the quantity of signal molecules.

Type
There are three types of viral infections that can be considered under the topic of viral transformation. These are cytocidal, persistent, and transforming infections. Cytocidal infections can cause fusion of adjacent cells, disruption of transport pathways including ions and other cell signals, disruption of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, and nearly always leads to cell death. Persistent infections involve viral material that lays dormant within a cell until activated by some stimulus. This type of infection usually causes few obvious changes within the cell but can lead to long chronic diseases. Transforming infections are also referred to as malignant transformation. This infection causes a host cell to become malignant and can be either cytocidal (usually in the case of RNA viruses) or persistent (usually in the case of DNA viruses). Cells with transforming infections undergo immortalization and inherit the genetic material to produce tumors. Since the term cytocidal, or cytolytic, refers to cell death, these three infections are not mutually exclusive. Many transforming infections by DNA tumor viruses are also cytocidal.

Table 1: Cellular effects of viral infections

Cytocidal infections
Cytocidal infections are often associated with changes in cell morphology, physiology and are thus important for the complete viral replication and transformation. Cytopathic Effects, often include a change in cell's morphology such as fusion with adjacent cells to form polykaryocytes as well as the synthesis of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Physiological changes include the insufficient movement of ions, formation of secondary messengers, and activation of cellular cascades to continue cellular activity. Biochemically, many viruses inhibit the synthesis of host DNA, RNA, proteins directly or even interfere with protein-protein, DNA-protein, RNA-protein interactions at the subcellular level. Genotoxicity involves breaking, fragmenting, or rearranging chromosomes of the host. Lastly, biologic effects include the viruses' ability to affect the activity of antigens and immunologlobulins in the host cell.

There are two types of cytocidal infections, productive and abortive. In productive infections, additional infectious viruses are produced. Abortive infections do not produce infectious viruses. One example of a productive cytocidal infection is the herpes virus.

Persistent infections
There are three types of persistent infections, latent, chronic and slow, in which the virus stays inside the host cell for prolonged periods of time. During latent infections there is minimal to no expression of infected viral genome. The genome remains within the host cell until the virus is ready for replication. Chronic infections have similar cellular effects as acute cytocidal infections but there is a limited number of progeny and viruses involved in transformation. Lastly, slow infections have a longer incubation period in which no physiological, morphological or subcellular changes may be involved.

Transforming infections
Transformation infections is limited to abortive or restrictive infections. This constitutes the broadest category of infections as it can include both cytocidal and persistent infection. Viral transformation is most commonly understood as transforming infections, so the remainder of the article focuses on detailing transforming infections.

Process
In order for a cell to be transformed by a virus, the viral DNA must be entered into the host cell. The simplest consideration is viral transformation of a bacterial cell. This process is called lysogeny. As shown in Figure 2, a bacteriophage lands on a cell and pins itself to the cell. The phage can then penetrate the cell membrane and inject the viral DNA into the host cell. The viral DNA can then either lay dormant until stimulated by a source such as UV light or it can be immediately taken up by the host's genome. In either case the viral DNA will replicate along with the original host DNA during cell replication causing two cells to now be infected with the virus. The process will continue to propagate more and more infected cells. This process is in contrast to the lytic cycle where a virus only uses the host cell's replication machinery to replicate itself before destroying the host cell.

The process is similar in animal cells. In most cases, rather than viral DNA being injected into an animal cell, a section of the membrane encases the virus and the cell then absorbs both the virus and the encasing section of the membrane into the cell. This process, called endocytosis, is shown in Figure 3.

Transformation of the host cell
Viral transformation disrupts the normal expression of the host cell's genes in favor of expressing a limited number of viral genes. The virus also can disrupt communication between cells and cause cells to divide at an increased rate.

Physiological
Viral transformation can impose characteristically determinable features upon a cell. Typical phenotypic changes include high saturation density, anchorage-independent growth, loss of contact inhibition, loss of orientated growth, immortalization, disruption of the cell's cytoskeleton.

Biochemical
Viral genes are expressed through the use of the host cell's replication machinery; therefore, many viral genes have promoters that support binding of many transcription factors found naturally in the host cells. These transcription factors along with the virus' own proteins can repress or activate genes from both the virus and the host cell's genome. Many viruses can also increase the production of the cell's regulatory proteins.

Genetic
Depending on the virus, a variety of genetic changes can occur in the host cell. In the case of a lytic cycle virus, the cell will only survive long enough to the replication machinery to be used to create additional viral units. In other cases, the viral DNA will persist within the host cell and replicate as the cell replicates. This viral DNA can either be incorporated into the host cell's genetic material or persist as a separate genetic vector. Either case can lead to damage of the host cell's chromosomes. It is possible that the damage can be repaired; however, the most common result is an instability in the original genetic material or suppression or alteration of the gene expression.

Assays
An assay is an analytic tool often used in a laboratory setting in order to assess or measure some quality of a target entity. In virology, assays can be used to differentiate between transformed and non-transformed cells. Varying the assay used, changes the selective pressure on the cells and therefore can change what properties are selected in the transformed cells.

Three common assays used are the focus forming assay, the Anchorage independent growth assay, and the reduced serum assay.

The focus forming assay (FFA) is used to grow cells containing a transforming oncogene on a monolayer of non-transformed cells. The transformed cells will form raised, dense spots on the sample as they grow without contact inhibition. This assay is highly sensitive compared to other assays used for viral analysis, such as the yield reduction assay.

An example of the Anchorage independent growth assay is the soft agar assay. The assay is assessing the cells' ability to grow in a gel or viscous fluid. Transformed cells can grow in this environment and are considered anchorage independent. Cells that can only grow when attached to a solid surface are anchorage dependent untransformed cells. This assay is considered one of the most stringent for detection of malignant transformation

In a reduced serum assay, cells are assayed by exploiting the changes in cell serum requirements. Non-transformed cells require at least a 5% serum medium in order to grow; however, transformed cells can grow in an environment with significantly less serum.

Examples of Natural Transformation
Natural transformation is the viral transformation of cells without the interference of medical science. This is the most commonly considered form of viral transformation and includes many cancers and diseases, such as HIV, Hepatitis B, and T-cell Leukemia virus type I.

Viral oncogenesis
As many as 20% of human tumors are caused by viruses. Some such viruses that are commonly recognized include HPV, T-cell Leukemia virus type I, and hepatitis B.

Viral oncogenesis are most common with DNA and RNA tumor viruses, most frequently the retroviruses. There are two types of oncogenic retroviruses: acute transforming viruses and non-acute transforming viruses. Acute transforming viruses induce a rapid tumor growth since they carry viral oncogenes in their DNA/RNA to induce such growth. An example of an acute transforming virus is the Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) that carry the v-src oncogene. v-Src is part of the c-src, which is a cellular proto-oncogene that stimulates rapid cell growth and expansion. A non-acute transforming virus on the other hand induces a slow tumor growth, since it does not carry any viral oncogenes. It induces tumor growth by transcriptionally activating the proto-oncogenes particularly the long terminal repeat (LTR) in the proto-oncogenes.

Viral Oncogenesis through transformation can occur via 2 mechanisms:

 * 1) The tumor virus can introduce and express a "transforming" gene either through the integration of DNA or RNA into the host genome.
 * 2) The tumor virus can alter expression on preexisting genes of the host.

One or both of these mechanisms can occur in the same host cell.

Hepatitis B
The Hepatitis B viral protein X is believed to cause hepatocellular carcinoma through transformation, typically of liver cells. The viral DNA is incorporated into the host cell's genome causing rapid cell replication and tumor growth.

Papillomaviruses
Papillomaviruses typically target epithelial cells and cause everything from warts to cervical cancer. When human papillomavirus (HPV) transforms a cell, it interferes with the function of cellular proteins while degrading other cellular proteins.

Herpesviruses
The herpesviruses, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus, are believed to cause cancer in humans, such as Kaposi's sarcoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Although genes have been identified in these viruses that cause transformation, the manner in which the virus transforms and replicates the host cell is not understood.

Retroviruses
The retroviruses include T-cell Leukemia virus type I, HIV, and Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV). The viral gene tax is expressed when the T-cell Leukemia virus transforms a cell altering the expression of cellular growth control genes and causing the transformed cells to become cancerous. HIV works differently by not directly causing cells to become cancerous but by instead making those infected more susceptible to lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma. Many other retroviruses contain the three genes, gag, pol, and env, which do not directly cause transformation or tumor formation.

HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus is a viral infection that targets the lymph nodes. HIV binds to the immune CD4 cell and reverse transcriptase alters the host cell genome to allow integration of the viral DNA via integrase. The virus replicates using the host cell's machinery and then leaves the cell to infect additional cells via budding.

Medical Applications
There are many applications in which viral transformation can be artificially induced in a cell culture in order to treat an illness or other condition. A cell culture is infected with a virus causing the transformation; transformed cells can then be used to either produce treatments or be directly introduced into the body.

Personalized type I interferons
Type I interferons (IFNs) are used to treat a wide variety of medical conditions including hepatitis C, cancers, viral and inflammatory diseases. IFNs can either be extracted from a natural source, such as cultured human cells or blood leukocytes, or they can be manufactured with recombinant DNA technologies. Most of these IFN treatments have a low response rate.

The use of viral transformation of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been recommended to create personalized IFNs. In this process, primary B lymphocytes are transformed with EBV. These cells can then be used to produce IFNs specific for the patient from which the B lymphocytes were extracted. This personalization decreases the likelihood of an antibody response and therefore increases the effectiveness of the treatment.

Cancer treatments
When a virus transforms a cell it often causes cancer by either altering the cells' existing genome or introducing additional genetic material which causes cells to uncontrollably replicate. It is rarely considered that what causes so much harm also has the capability of reversing the process and slowing the cancer growth or even leading to remission. Viruses transform host cells in order to survive and replicate; however, the immune responses of the host cell are typically compromised during transformation making transformed cells more susceptible to other viruses.

The idea of using viruses to treat cancers was first introduced in 1951 when a 4-year-old boy suddenly went into a temporary remission from leukemia while he had chickenpox. This led to research in the 1990s where scientists worked to create a strain of the herpes simplex virus strong enough to infect and transform tumor cells but weak enough to leave healthy cells unharmed. Treating patients with viral transformation has the possibility of treating patients more safely and more effectively than using traditional methods, such as chemotherapy. Viruses used in the treatment of cancer gain strength and increase their effectiveness as the multiply in the body while causing only minor side effects, such as nausea, fatigue, and aches.

title: Viral transformation


text:
Zak Lee-Green

Zak Lee-Green (born 5 February 1991) is a retired Welsh and British rower.

Rowing career
Lee-Green from Cardiff, was initially selected for the Welsh squad before winning a bronze medal for Great Britain at the 2010 World Rowing U23 Championships. He made his senior British team debut at the 2014 World Rowing Cup. He won a silver medal at the 2017 World Rowing Championships in Sarasota, Florida, as part of the lightweight quadruple sculls with Edward Fisher, Gavin Horsburgh and Peter Chambers. He retired from competitive rowing in 2020.

title: Zak Lee-Green


text:
James Eugene Munson

James Eugene Munson (born in Paris, New York, 12 May 1835; died 1906) was an American court stenographer and inventor, noted mostly for his consolidation of his own work, and that of others, into the Munson Shorthand system.

Biography
He studied for a time at Amherst College, but did not graduate. He became a student of shorthand early in his life, and he soon became an expert. Coming to New York City early in 1857, his first assignment was to make a verbatim report of the Harvey Burdell murder trial. Soon afterward, in connection with other court reporters, he set to work to simplify the existing systems of shorthand, and the fruits of their labor, as finally shaped and put into practice by Munson, were presented in his Complete Phonographer (New York, 1866), to the preparation of which he had devoted three years of labor, and tested it by seven years of practice.

The Complete Phonographer was followed in 1874 by a Dictionary of Practical Phonography, and in 1877 a revised edition of the Complete Phonographer appeared. In 1879 Munson published The Phrase Book of Practical Phonography. The “phrases” were taken almost entirely from illustrations gathered from Munson's notes made in his court practice, he having been court stenographer in New York City for more than twenty years. He also reported the Henry Ward Beecher trial for the New York Sun, without assistance, during the six months of its continuance. The report on the trial ran seven and a half columns of agate type per day.

Munson later went to work perfecting a typesetting machine that he had invented, which, being operated by means of a prepared ribbon of paper, automatically set a column of corrected, justified, and leaded type. He also invented the machines by which the ribbon is prepared, and a telegraph, also operated by the same paper ribbon, which causes an exact facsimile of the ribbon to be automatically produced at a distant point, ready for use in operating a similar typesetting machine. These inventions were based on his “Selecting Device,” which he also patented.

title: James Eugene Munson


text:
regeneroida

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬), ultimately from and adapted with the verbal suffix.

Verb

 * 1)  To regenerate.

title: regeneroida


text:
Bear Spring, Tennessee

Bear Spring is an unincorporated community in Stewart County, Tennessee, in the United States.

History
In 1830, the Bear Spring Iron Furnace was constructed, serving as the first charcoal cold-blast furnace in the area. At its peak work rate in 1850, the furnace could produce over 2000 tons of metal. The furnace closed down in 1854 and was destroyed by Union Troops in 1864. It was reconstructed at its current location in 1873, where it has remained ever since.

A post office called Bear Spring was established in 1893, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1948. According to local history, the community was so named when a pioneer settler shot a bear in a nearby spring.

title: Bear Spring, Tennessee


text:
Ground-Based Interceptor

The Ground-Based Interceptor (GBI) is the anti-ballistic missile component of the United States' Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD) system.

Description
This interceptor is made up of a boost vehicle, constructed by Orbital Sciences Corporation, and an Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle (EKV), built by Raytheon. Integration of these is performed by Boeing Defense, Space & Security.

The three-stage Orbital Boost Vehicle (OBV) uses the solid-fuel rocket upper stages of the Taurus launcher. The interceptor version deployed in the U.S. has three stages. A two-stage version was successfully tested in 2010 for use in Europe's NATO missile defence as a backup option to the preferred Aegis System Standard Missile 3.

A total of 64 interceptors are planned: 30 interceptors were deployed at the end of 2010 at Fort Greely, Alaska and Vandenberg Space Force Base in California, with 14 additional missiles deployed by 2017, and 20 more GBIs planned.

Since 2006, the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) conducted seven intercept tests with the operationally configured missile, the most recent four of which were successful. The FY2021 NDAA (National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, which was released 3 December 2020) has mandated that the Missile Defense Agency commence development of 20 interim GBIs. The interim GBIs are to meet the requirements for the Redesigned Kill Vehicle (RKV —canceled 21 August 2019), at minimum: The interim GBIs are to be completely fielded by 2026, according to the FY2021 NDAA.
 * Vehicle-to-vehicle communications
 * Ability to assess kills, and counter counter-measures
 * Producible
 * Use mature technology, with the ability to integrate with non-GBIs (see below)

On 1 August 2022, the Missile Defense Agency awarded Northrop Grumman a contract to upgrade the GMD Weapon System (GWS) to modernize code for the Ground-based interceptors (GBIs) hardware (by 2026), as their successor Next generation interceptors (NGIs) are made available (on or before 2026). The software upgrades allow the GBIs new capabilities to complement the NGIs. On 31 August 2022, the MDA awarded Boeing a GMD contract for attendant system integration, test and readiness (SITR) work.

Next Generation Interceptor (NGI) program
The Missile Defense Agency leads the development of anti-ballistic missiles for North America. The Next Generation Interceptor (NGI) is a MDA program to upgrade the kill vehicles for the ground-based interceptors, with different vendors, Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman competing. They are tasked with meeting more complex threats than those met by the EKV. There will be more near-term technology improvement to the GBI during a longer-term process for NGI to meet more complex threats. The NGIs are to be fielded by 2027 or 2028.

The Pentagon's Office of Cost and Program Evaluation (CAPE) estimated on April 29, 2021, that it would cost $17.7 billion to develop, deploy, and maintain the next-generation interceptor (NGI). This includes billions to build a total of 21 NGIs, each costing at least $74 million, and maybe more, depending on the exact allocation of funding for the program. As part of the first phase, the Missile Defense Agency allocated $7.6 billion in contract money to Northrop Grumman (in partnership with Raytheon) and Lockheed Martin to upgrade aging ground-based interceptors (GBIs).

On 12 September 2021 a test of the GBI, which is designed to use a three-stage booster, successfully met its goal of operating as a two-stage booster for an EKV.

"Think of it as just telling the third stage not to fire, which allows the kill vehicle to open its eyes, unbuckle its seatbelt, and get to work that much sooner. It trades the speed that the third stage would add for time. And that translates to flexibility.—Tom Karako" The tracking sensors and computers (whether they be C2BMC, or IBCS, etc.), which follow the parabolic trajectories of the ballistic missile, count down the time to go needed before impact of the interceptor's kill vehicle with the targeted ballistic missile. When the tracking sensors and computers determine there is enough time to kill the ballistic missile without using the third booster stage, the kill vehicle can maneuver using its thrusters to hit the targeted ballistic missile without the third stage. This increases the probability of kill, for the kill vehicle, which can instead more closely follow the targeted missile, rather than its projected parabolic trajectory.

As described, the NGI is being engineered to handle more complex situations to be able to hit maneuverable targets.

On 11 December 2023 a two-stage GBI intercepted an IRBM for the first time, using integrated sensor data from the RTX AN/TPY-2 in forward-based mode, and from the Sea-based X-band radar.

On 15 April 2024, Lockheed Martin was selected over Northrop Grumman and awarded a $17 billion contract to develop the Next Generation Interceptor.

title: Ground-Based Interceptor


text:
MediaWiki:Sitestatstext

There are $1 total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are $2 pages that are probably legitimate content pages.

$8 files have been uploaded.

There have been a total of $4 page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to $5 average edits per page.

The [//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Job_queue job queue] length is $7.

title: MediaWiki:Sitestatstext


text:
Hornskrokens IF

Hornskrokens IF is a sports club in Boden, Sweden. It was established on 23 May 1933 and runs handball, earlier even bandy, soccer, orienteering and skiing. In 1983, the club played in the qualifying rounds for the Handball Allsvenskan.

The women’s soccer team played five seasons in the Swedish top division between 1978 and 1986.

title: Hornskrokens IF


text:
NCTA (association)

NCTA, formerly known as the National Cable & Telecommunications Association (NCTA), is a trade association representing the broadband and cable television industries in the United States. As of 2011, NCTA represented more than 90% of the U.S. cable market, over 200 cable networks, and various equipment suppliers and service providers to the cable industry.

NCTA is considered one of the most prominent lobbying organizations in the United States, having $14 million to lobbying efforts in 2021. Regarding policy matters, NCTA has expressed opposition to net neutrality and municipal broadband proposals. Currently, the association is led by Michael Powell, a former Republican member of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

History
NCTA was initially established as the National Community Television Council in September 1951, when a small group of community antenna (CATV) operators convened in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. Their gathering was prompted by concerns over the Internal Revenue Service's proposed 8% excise tax on their operations. In January 1952, the organization officially changed its name to the National Community Television Association.

As the CATV industry rapidly expanded, NCTA experienced parallel growth. Within its first year, nearly 40 CATV systems became members of the organization. By the end of the 1950s, membership had reached the hundreds, and by the end of the 1960s, it had expanded into the thousands. During the 1960s, the industry transitioned from using the term "Community Antenna Television (CATV)" to simply "cable," reflecting the broader range of services offered, including local news, weather information, and pay television channels. In 1968, NCTA underwent its first official name change, becoming the National Cable Television Association while retaining its acronym.

With the advent of global telecommunication satellites, the late 1970s and 1980s witnessed a significant surge in cable content. Entrepreneurs launched networks such as CNN, ESPN, MTV, BET, TBS, USA, Discovery, Lifetime, C-SPAN, and many others. Concurrently, major programming services across the nation joined NCTA, augmenting the organization's representation of cable interests in Washington.

To reflect the growing influence of cable internet and other types of two-way communication in the industry, the organization rebranded as the National Cable and Telecommunications Association in April 2001. Subsequently, on September 19, 2016, the organization changed its trade name to "NCTA – The Internet & Television Association", making "NCTA" an orphaned initialism to remove the reference to cable; NCTA president Michael Powell stated that the former name "underrepresents the breadth of what we are and what we do". The organization had already taken steps to reduce its emphasis on cable by rebranding its annual convention from "The Cable Show" to "INTX: The Internet and Television Expo" in 2015.

Leadership
NCTA operates under the guidance of a board of directors. In March 2012, the chairman of the board was Patrick Esser, serving as the president of Cox Communications.

Michael Powell currently holds the position of president and CEO of NCTA. Powell assumed the role on April 25, 2011, succeeding Kyle McSlarrow, who departed to join Comcast. Powell previously served as the head of the FCC.

Lobbying
NCTA is recognized as one of the most prominent lobbying organizations in the United States. In 2014, it allocated approximately $12.0 million for political lobbying.

NCTA expressed opposition to the FCC's proposal to expand the definition of multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs) to include internet-based services. However, it stated that if the definition were expanded, internet delivery should be subject to the same obligations as traditional cable services. NCTA President Michael Powell holds a stance against amending the Telecommunications Act of 1996 to enable a la carte pay television, citing potential impacts on smaller niche networks.

In March 2014, NCTA voiced support for the FCC's decision to allocate 100 MHz of spectrum for unlicensed Wi-Fi services.

Internet issues
NCTA has expressed its views on net neutrality, specifically objecting to the classification of internet service as a common carrier under Title II of the 1996 Telecommunications Act. In 2010, NCTA advised the FCC against formalizing its net neutrality rules. After the rules were invalidated by the court in 2014, NCTA ran advertisements in the media opposing reclassification as a common carrier. According to ProPublica in 2014, NCTA was privately associated with the "Onward Internet" campaign, which advocates for internet free from regulations. In 2016, NCTA and the American Cable Association submitted petitions for en banc review of a ruling that upheld net neutrality rules, arguing against regulating cable internet systems in the same manner as "archaic telephone systems".

NCTA supported the Stop Online Piracy Act of 2011, stating that it provided copyright owners with reasonable tools to protect their intellectual property. NCTA objected to the FCC's decision to raise the minimum internet speed for Connect America Fund broadband subsidies from 4 Mbit/s to 10 Mbit/s, asserting that 4 Mbit/s was sufficient.

Using a model bill developed by the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), NCTA has advocated for legislation that prohibits or restricts municipal broadband in several states. When President Barack Obama requested the FCC preempt these laws in January 2015, NCTA defended the legislation, contending that municipal projects often incur high costs and prove unsuccessful.

NCTA President Michael Powell has advocated for internet service providers to expand their usage of data caps on internet usage, with the aim of promoting fairness rather than alleviating network congestion.

INTX
NCTA organizes an annual conference called INTX: The Internet and Television Expo (formerly The Cable Show until 2015). It was the largest trade show in the United States for the cable and broadband industry. The conference featured discussions with current and former FCC commissioners, including remarks from the FCC chair in multiple years.

During INTX, NCTA presented the Vanguard Awards, which were nominated by NCTA members and selected by a committee consisting of members from the NCTA Board of Directors and previous award recipients.

In September 2016, NCTA announced the discontinuation of INTX. Powell described the trade shows as outdated and highlighted the importance of contemporary venues that foster conversation, dialogue, and more intimate interactions with technology. Attendance had been declining due to industry consolidation, making the trade show less necessary.

CableACE Awards
From 1978 to 1997, NCTA supported the CableACE Award, which aimed to recognize excellence in American cable television programming. The CableACE Award served as a counterpart to the Emmy Awards, which did not previously acknowledge cable programming. However, after 1997, the Emmys began to include cable television programming, leading to the discontinuation of the CableACE Awards.

Cable in the Classroom
The association also oversees Cable in the Classroom, which is the education foundation of the cable industry.

Walter Kaitz Foundation
NCTA is responsible for managing and overseeing the Walter Kaitz Foundation, which aims to promote diversity in the cable industry's workforce, supplier chain, content, and marketing.

title: NCTA (association)


text:
User:Hx7

NOTE: This is a clean start from User:Hto9950 following the retirement of that account on 06/03/2013. This is now the current account for all future Wikipedia edits. COI disclosure: I used to be a former high-ranking team member for a trucking multiplayer project. More information about how this may have a conflict of interest on Wikipedia, and the topic areas it covers, can be found here: User:Hx7/COI disclosure Primary motives:
 * Correcting typos
 * Vandalism reverting
 * Participating in AFD discussions
 * Requests for page protection

title: User:Hx7


text:
2015 Launceston Tennis International – Men's singles

This is the first edition of the event.

Bjorn Fratangelo won it, beating Chung Hyeon in the final by a score of 4–6, 6–2, 7–5.

Seeds
• # 🇯🇵 Yūichi Sugita (second round, withdrew)

• # 🇮🇳 Somdev Devvarman (first round)

• # 🇬🇧 Kyle Edmund (first round, retired)

• # 🇯🇵 Hiroki Moriya (first round)

• # 🇰🇷 Hyeon Chung (final)

• # 🇦🇺 Luke Saville (second round)

• # 🇲🇩 Radu Albot (second round)

• # 🇺🇸 Bradley Klahn (quarterfinals)


text:
Zoltán Ivansuc

Zoltán "Zoli" Ivansuc (12 August 1938 – 27 January 1982) was a Romanian footballer who played mainly as a forward for Universitatea Cluj.

Club career
Zoltán Ivansuc was born on 12 August 1938 in Reșița, Romania, playing junior level football at Electromotor Timișoara from 1952 until 1955, afterwards he started his senior career as he returned to his hometown in order to play for CSM Reșița in Divizia B for a while. Then he moved to Universitatea Cluj, choosing to transfer from Reșița to Cluj-Napoca where he lived with fellow teammate Remus Câmpeanu for six years in a three-room house, provided by the university club.

On 3 May 1959 he made his Divizia A debut under coach Virgil Mărdărescu in a 1–0 home victory against Știința Timișoara and in the following season he scored his first goal from about 30 meters in a 3–2 loss at Constanța in front of Farul. Invansuc would remain in Cluj for almost a decade, making 185 appearances and scoring 41 goals. Zoli's best friend, poet Irimie Negoiță, called him "Hamlet of the green pitch" and his former coach, Constantin Teașcă, described him as "a very great footballer, who does not like football!".

The highlights of Ivansuc's period spent with The Red Caps were two 4th places in the 1960–61 and 1962–63 seasons, a personal record of 9 goals scored in the 1966–67 season, also being used the whole match by coach Andrei Sepci in the 1965 Cupa României final, managing to score a goal with a free kick from about 25 meters distance in the 2–1 victory over Dinamo Pitești on the Republicii Stadium which brought the club their first trophy. Supporters greeted the players with banners at the Cluj airport.

After winning the Cupa României, "U" Cluj played in the first round of the 1965–66 European Cup Winners' Cup, Ivansuc scoring in both legs of the 3–0 victory on aggregate against Austrian team, Wiener Neustadt, but they were eliminated in the following round by Atlético Madrid. At the second match with the Spaniards, played in Madrid, Ivansuc was approached by Real Madrid's team who came in particular to persuade him to stay in Spain, however he was adamant at remaining in Cluj, and denied any possibility of a move.

Ivansuc's last Divizia A appearance took place on 12 November 1968 playing for "U" Cluj in a 2–0 loss in front of Steaua București, having a total of 185 appearances and 41 goals scored in the competition, ending his career after playing two games for IS Câmpia Turzii in the 1968–69 Divizia B season. His former wife, Sanda Popescu, claimed that Constantin Teașcă's second stint on U's bench meant the end of Ivansuc's career, much to his frustration.

International career
Zoltán Ivansuc made his debut for Romania in 1962 under coach Constantin Teașcă in a friendly against Morocco which ended with a 4–0 victory. His following game was another friendly which ended with a 3–2 loss against East Germany and his last match for the national team was a 6–0 loss against Spain at the 1964 European Nations' Cup qualifiers.

Personal life and death
Ivansuc was married with Sanda Popescu, who divorced in 1975, having a girl together, Barbara Ivansuc. After his departure from "U" Cluj, he began practicing as a doctor at the Câmpia Turzii Factory, with medicine practice being a key reason in wanting to remain at Cluj despite offers from elsewhere during his career.

Ivansuc was found dead in his apartment on 27 January 1982, after suffering a cardiac arrest. Alcoholism was attributed to his death.

Honours
Universitatea Cluj
 * Cupa României: 1964–65

title: Zoltán Ivansuc


text:
Chromomycin A3

Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) or Toyomycin is an anthraquinone antibiotic glycoside produced by the fermentation of a certain strain of Streptomyces griseus (No. 7).

Fluorescence properties
In the presence of Mg2+ ions, Chromomycin A3 binds reversibly to DNA, preferentially to contiguous G/C base pairs.

When bound to DNA, Chromomycin A3 has a maximum excitation wavelength of 445 nm (blue), and a maximum emission wavelength of 575 nm (yellow).

Uses

 * in-vitro membrane-impermeant G/C-specific fluorescent DNA-binding dye.
 * in-vitro antibiotic of gram-positive bacteria, through inhibition of the incorporation of Pi in the RNA.
 * in-vitro anticancer drug that inhibits RNA synthesis.
 * Evaluation of male fertility: Chromomycin A3 and protamines compete for the same binding sites in the DNA, so CMA3 positivity in spermatozoa reflects protamine deficiency (affecting sperm morphology and decreasing fertility).

title: Chromomycin A3


text:
Talk:Kathleen Collins (scientist)

Article may be combining multiple people
We received an OTRS message<PHONE_NUMBER>019304) that indicates that there is information from a couple of different Kathleen Collins-es in this article. The OTRS ticket says that there are two different scientists named Kathleen Collins of similar age and working in somewhat similar areas. From what I'm gathering, one goes professionally by Kathleen Collins and the other goes professionally by Kathleen L. Collins. See also this recent edit to the article. I'm not an expert in this area at all but this probably needs some untangling - It looks like you've been the main author here, can you assist? ‑‑ El Hef  ( Meep? ) 14:21, 23 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I think turning this article into one about Kathleen Collins who works on telomerase at Berkeley [//vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/kathleen-collins] is the correct course of action. It's possible Kathleen L. Collins who works at the University of Michigan [//medicine.umich.edu/dept/microbiology-immunology/kathleen-collins-md-phd] is also notable, but the case is less clear. Kathleen Collins is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and so meets WP:Prof. Nil Einne (talk) 14:55, 2 October 2020 (UTC)
 * BTW, I spent ages trying to figure out how to disambiguate the 2 scientists and can't think of one. Birth year is problematic since even though it seems like someone associated with the subject added it, I can't find an RS. Career, even something specific like molecular biologist doesn't really work. Institution even if probably unlikely at this stage of their careers, is something that could change. Field of work seems sort of a weird way to disambiguate. I can't find any middle name for Kathleen Collins who works at Berkeley. Any ideas? I belatedly realised it doesn't actually matter until and unless we decide we should have an article on Kathleen L. Collins, still it's something worth considering for the future. Nil Einne (talk) 15:03, 2 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I think everything in the article should now be about Kathleen Collins of Berkeley. Most of the early life stuff is now gone. I left the stuff in the infobox added by the subject. The educational details concurs with the info on LinkedIn [//www.linkedin.com/in/kathleen-collins-b7b9a94] and this Berkeley primary source [//vcresearch.berkeley.edu/bakarfellows/2016-2017-fellows]. I had a quick look to try and find sources to expand this, found this [//escholarship.org/uc/item/3nk853sc] which is an interview and doesn't really seem to say much about her education but perhaps could be useful for expanding on her work. Probably we could add the educational details into the article from the Berkeley source although it lacks dates. WP:LINKEDIN has dates, but although I'm sure the profile belongs to her, I'm not sure if we can be sure in a Wikipedia sourcing requirement. The 2016-2017 Fellows source does give a date for when she joined Berkeley. I changed that date as it also concurs with LinkedIn. The old date was 1992 from this source [//vcresearch.berkeley.edu/news/long-sought-structure-telomerase-paves-way-drugs-aging-cancer], but I can't see any 1992 date in there. It does mention she had been working on telomerase for 26 years at the time giving roughly 1992 as when she starting working on it (as the source was dated 2018) although from something she said later it could be 1991. I wonder if this could be how the confusion arose, but I don't see anything about this being when she joined Berkeley. I did a quick check of the other sources but couldn't find any mention of a 1992 especially with Linkedin, I think 1992 must be wrong anyway. Nil Einne (talk) 16:35, 2 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Oh should mention I'm done for now. Don't worry about stepping on my toes if anyone wants to expand the article. Might also be good if someone double checks I didn't miss anything about Kathleen L. Collins although I'm fairly sure I didn't. I did keep the Whitehead Institute source. The actual links to the subject of this article are maybe not so clear cut except the subject of that source was associate professor at Berkeley in 2004, and also worked under Paul Matsudaira at Whitehead suggesting molecular biology (ORish I know, but we're mostly evaluating the source) although I think that's implied by Whitehead anyway. And LinkedIn does suggest Kathleen Collins was at MIT at roughly that time. So I'm fairly sure it's about the right person. Still it doesn't really add much, so if people want to remove it, go ahead. Nil Einne (talk) 16:35, 2 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kathleen Collins (scientist)


text:
List of Americans who held noble titles from other countries

This is a list of American citizens who have held titles of nobility from other countries. Nobility is not granted by the United States itself under the Title of Nobility Clause of the Constitution.

Prince/Princess

 * Ariana Austin Makonnen, by marriage (Ethiopian Empire)
 * Sarah Culberson, by birth (Sierra Leone)
 * Josiah Harlan, Prince of Ghor, ennobled (Emirate of Afghanistan)
 * Alice Heine, Princess of Monaco, by marriage (Monaco)
 * Paul Ilyinsky, by birth (Russia)
 * Grace Kelly, Princess of Monaco, by marriage (Monaco)
 * Lee Radziwill, by marriage (Holy Roman Empire)
 * May Stewart, Princess Anastasia of Greece and Denmark, by marriage (Kingdom of Greece)

Duke/Duchess

 * Nicholas Frederic Brady and Genevieve Brady, ennobled (Holy See)
 * Anna Gould, by marriage (Prussia)
 * Sacha Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn, by marriage (United Kingdom)
 * Wallis Simpson, Duchess of Windsor, by marriage (United Kingdom)
 * Consuelo Vanderbilt, Duchess of Marlborough, by marriage (United Kingdom)
 * Meghan Windsor (Markle), Princess Harry, Duchess of Sussex, by marriage (United Kingdom)

Marquis/Marquise

 * Elizabeth Beers-Curtis, by marriage (Second French Empire)
 * Grace Curzon, Marchioness Curzon of Kedleston, by marriage (United Kingdom)
 * Henry Hathaway, by birth as Henri Léopold, Marquis de Fiennes (Kingdom of Belgium)
 * Francis Augustus MacNutt, ennobled (Holy See)
 * Medora de Vallombrosa, Marquise de Morès, by marriage (Kingdom of Sardinia)
 * Marianne Wellesley, Marchioness Wellesley, by marriage (United Kingdom)

Count/Countess

 * Ethel Beatty, by marriage (United Kingdom)
 * Adele Capell, Countess of Essex, by marriage (United Kingdom)
 * Clara Longworth de Chambrun, by marriage (Second French Empire)
 * Elise, Countess of Edla, by marriage (Kingdom of Portugal)
 * Mildred, Countess of Gosford, by marriage (United Kingdom)
 * Flora Curzon, Lady Howe, by marriage (United Kingdom)
 * Rose Kennedy, ennobled (Holy See)
 * Helena Keith-Falconer, Countess of Kintore, by marriage (formerly Duchess of Manchester) (United Kingdom)
 * Richard Alan Montagu-Stuart-Wortley, 5th Earl of Wharncliffe, by birth
 * Cissy Patterson, by marriage (Austria-Hungary)
 * Katherine E. Price, ennobled (Holy See)
 * Gladys Vanderbilt Széchenyi, by marriage (Austria-Hungary)
 * Alice Cornelia Thaw, by marriage (United Kingdom)
 * Benjamin Thompson, ennobled (Holy Roman Empire)

Viscount/Viscountess

 * Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor, by birth
 * William Waldorf Astor, 1st Viscount Astor, ennobled
 * Tennessee Claflin, by marriage (Kingdom of Portugal)
 * Thelma Furness, Viscountess Furness, by marriage (United Kingdom)
 * Julie Montagu, Viscountess Hinchingbrooke, by marriage (United Kingdom)

Baron/Baroness

 * John Jacob Astor, 1st Baron Astor of Hever, ennobled (United Kingdom)
 * John Copley, 1st Baron Lyndhurst, ennobled (United Kingdom)
 * Helen Beresford, Baroness Decies, by marriage (United Kingdom)
 * Urban Huttleston Broughton, 1st Baron Fairhaven, ennobled (United Kingdom)
 * Mary Curzon, Baroness Curzon of Kedleston, by marriage (United Kingdom)
 * Elizabeth Wharton Drexel, by marriage (United Kingdom)
 * Albert Fairfax, 12th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, by birth (United Kingdom)
 * Bryan Fairfax, 8th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, by birth (United Kingdom)
 * Charles Fairfax, 10th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, by birth (United Kingdom)
 * John Fairfax, 11th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, by birth (United Kingdom)
 * Thomas Fairfax, 9th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, by birth (United Kingdom)
 * Alexandra Freeman, Baroness Freeman of Steventon, ennobled (United Kingdom)
 * Christopher Guest, 5th Baron Haden-Guest, by birth (United Kingdom)
 * Thomas Shaughnessy, 1st Baron Shaughnessy, ennobled (United Kingdom)
 * Joanna Shields, Baroness Shields, ennobled (United Kingdom)
 * Van Watervliet family, by birth and marriage (Republic of the Seven United Netherlands)

Hereditary Knight

 * Sir James Michael Dunbar, 14th Baronet Dunbar, by birth (United Kingdom)
 * Monica von Neumann, by marriage (Austria-Hungary)

Lord/Lady (Untitled)

 * Lady Randolph Churchill, by marriage (United Kingdom)
 * Pauline Payne Whitney, by marriage (United Kingdom)
 * May Yohé, by marriage (United Kingdom)


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/douglas.allongeorgia.com

Links

 * douglas.allongeorgia.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 5 additions.


text:
User:Cockbje/sandbox

Articles created
From Morn to Midnight

Ett farligt frieri

Daydreams (1915 film)

Præsidenten

Ravished Armenia (film)

Bout de Zan et l'embusqué

Tigre reale

The Nihilist (film)

Silent Witnesses

Articles substantially improved
Sumurun The Last Days of Pompeii (1913 film) Harakiri (1919 film) Blind Husbands The Poor Little Rich Girl Enrico Prampolini Thaïs (Italian film) A Man There Was The King of Paris (1917 film) The Abyss (1910 film) Burlesque on Carmen Carmen (1918 film) Straight Shooting Father Sergius (film) A Dog's Life

title: User:Cockbje/sandbox


text:
George Crowe (cricketer)

George Lawson Crowe (8 January 1885 – 23 June 1976) was an English cricketer: a right-handed batsman who made 23 appearances from 1906 to 1913, all for Worcestershire.

Born in Worcester, Crowe attended Westminster School, and achieved a place in the school team in 1903. He made his first-class debut three years later for Worcestershire against Hampshire, scoring 78 in the first innings; this was to remain his highest first-class score, and indeed he made only one more fifty: 56 against the same opponents in 1909. He took only two wickets, one being that of Test player Charlie McGahey.

In retirement Crowe served for many years as a master at Bromley County Grammar School; he died at the age of 91 in that town.

title: George Crowe (cricketer)