text:
Movie Making Manual/Pitching

Making a film is a group endeavour. You cannot do it alone and you will need to convince others to come along for the ride. Sharing your idea for the film and the story of the film is called "pitching" and if you want to be a filmmaker you need to get good at it.

Hook
Describe your film in a sentence. Few have done better than the Alien description of "Jaws in space." But beware - "movie x in setting y" or "movie a meets movie b" descriptions (known as "High Concept") are becoming clichéd. Don't try and force your one-line description into one of these if it doesn't fit.

Use Descriptive language
Be as precise as possible with your language. Which is better?

 * 1) Amores Perros opens with a shot of a dog.
 * 2) Amores Perros opens with a shot of a slavering pit bull terrier.

When pitching a film you need to use visual language. Make the audience of your pitch "see" the film you are describing - sell the sizzle not the steak.

/Writing movies /Money

title: Movie Making Manual/Pitching


text:
How To Search/Internet search engine list

The following list contains Internet search engines that are described in this book.

 * ../Google/
 * ../Yahoo/

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:Catherine of Aragon/Archive 1

Father/Brother?
this edit was unsourced. Is it correct? AndyJones 12:56, 20 October 2006 (UTC)
 * No, it's not correct. Arthur had been dead for 7 years when Henry married Katherine. He later claimed he had done so in accordance with his father's dying wish. Pvc.mermaid 22:37, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

image missing???
What happened to the image ? --Filll 23:14, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Should be back now, they went missing when someone replaced all 'Catherine's with 'Katherine' - there were no images with that name... TacoJim 19:28, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Chelmsford?
Did she really live in Windsor House, Chelmsford? Citations? TacoJim 19:30, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Wives of Henry VIII box
There is a small box to the right side of this page which lists the wives of Henry VIII in (presumably) chronological order with links to each of them. I noticed that on the Anne Boleyn page this box wasn't there, making the series inconsistent. If anyone can copy the box to that page it would be useful, unfortunately, I don't know how to. It might be worth checking the pages of his other wives too, so that the box appears on all six pages. <IP_ADDRESS> 17:51, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

---

Which pope was it who wouldn't divorce them?

 * Clement VII. Deb 15:52 26 May 2003 (UTC)

 * wow. that was fast! thanks :-) -- Tarquin 16:08 26 May 2003 (UTC)

The second portrait also illustrates Elizabeth of York!--Wetman 22:53, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Whoever wrote: "It is also interesting to note that, after Catherine, there was not a princess of Wales until the 18th century." Doesn't seem to have looked very deeply into these facts, as Mary I (her own daughter) was Princess of Wales, and Elizabeth I was long after and before Catherine had died.

Mary I and Elizabeth were never officially created "Princess of Wales". They may have been treated as the Princess of Wales, but no woman has ever held the title in their own right. Prsgoddess187 00:32, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

"Princess of Wales is a courtesy title held by the wife of the Prince of Wales since the first "English" Prince of Wales in 1282. The title is held through matrimony alone; it arrives with marriage and departs with divorce". Ah, I see ;) Thanks.

Wrong. Princess Charlotte, daughter and only child of George IV was Princess of Wales in her own right. It is not held through matrimony alone.Paul75 00:49, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

 * You are wrong, I am afraid, Paul. The woman in question was Princess Charlotte of Wales (Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales). Because her father was Prince of Wales, she held the courtesy title 'Of Wales' (the Queen was 'Princess Elizabeth of York' before her father succeeded). Just as Catherine of Aragon was so called because her father was King of Aragon, rather than because she was herself Queen of Aragon. Charlotte died before her father ceased to be Prince of Wales, and thus couldn't have been Princess of Wales anyway. Michaelsanders 00:54, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Mary I did have the title of Princess of Wales in her own right when it was evident that Henry VIII would not have any sons. She lost the title though when she was declared illegitimate.
 * No, Henry installed her in Ludlow as de facto Prince of Wales - i.e. all the rights and ceremony of the Prince of Wales - but she was never granted the title - that would have required a change in the law, and such was not made. Michael Sanders 15:13, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

Chronology of Catherine's testimony that marriage with Arthur had not been consummated
On this page, and others, it is stated/implied that Catherine testified that the marriage with Arther had not been consummated, and that she did this soon after the death of Arthur and before being betrothed to Henry. This is at odds with other material which says that Catherine produced this testimony not until many years later, when Henry was seeking to have their marriage annulled. The Pope's dispensation that allowed Catherine to become betrothed to Henry was not based on the alleged non-consummation. Indeed, if the non-consummation was "known" at the time, then a dispensation would not have been required! --Anthony Duff 22:59, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Her duenna, Dona Elvira told everyone that the marriage had not been consummated after Arthur's death, and the Pope did grant a dispensation.
 * It was insisted - I think by the Catholic Kings, though I don't remember for sure, and don't know why - that the weasel word forsitan be inserted into the declaration regarding Catherine's marriage - so that it read 'probably unconsummated' (possibly so that Catherine could keep her dowry). Michael Sanders 15:16, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

Why?
Why is the article called "catherine of aragon", while throughout it she is refered to as "Katherine" Sotakeit 16:51, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Because <IP_ADDRESS> changed all C's to K's, including in the Spanish material, which is definitely incorrect - and it was the only edit by this user. I think this qualifies for obvious vandalism, so I'm restoring the "C" version. Valentinian (talk) 20:34, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

Surely saying Henry 'chose to believe' that Catherine was lying about the lack of consummation is rather POV: it claims to see that he was somehow fooling himself. Perhaps 'apparently believing'?

<IP_ADDRESS> 19:07, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

I've reverted all but 2 mentions of Katherine to Catherine, which also fixing the issue with images due to a earlier user's search-replace from Catherine to Katherine, I know her grave is marked Katherine, but I don't know about her final letter, how did she sign it? TacoJim 19:26, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Before coming to England, her name was Catalina; spelled with a C, but in her letters, she signed it with a K.

I think someone should make a section in the beginning of the article discussing her name. It's actually spelled with a C and a K.
 * ? Michael Sanders 15:17, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

Biography assessment rating comment
WikiProject Biography Assessment

The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- Yamara 19:26, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

What does this mean??
"Katherine had to wait for a month to see if she was pregnant and had tripelets [emphasis added] rothed to Arthur's younger brother, the future Henry VIII of England." I would like to take out the italicized stuff & simply put in "before she could be betrothed" or "and then became betrothed", even tho' that is simplifying mattersFlaviaR 17:55, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

House of Trastámara box
I've readjusted the page quite a bit. The House of Trastámara columnar box was difficult to reorient into the Ancestry heading because of its size; so I resorted to moving all of Catherine's family info under it, renamed it "Lineage", and removed a 19th century engraving from the page (which was adding little) so that Historiography would flow alongside the royal box. It still wasn't long enough, so I resorted to the loathed forced breaks, each of which has a note to not remove it until more text is added. Not a perfect solution, but at least all the art and boxes are now placed next to relevant texts. -- Yamara 20:16, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
 * A housekeeping update: Some months ago the Lineage section got a nice graphic, and the forced breaks were all done away with. Hoorays. --Yamara ✉  20:39, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

Catherine / Katharine
I always believed her name was spelt Katharine, and that was how she signed her name. Opinions anyone? Most works on her life seem to use the "K" form, her tomb uses the "K", and the council in Peterborough (where she is buried) use the "K"Paul75 20:09, 18 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Google search, and go with the most common form. Michaelsanders 20:23, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I've just been doing some research, and I There is an image of Katharine's signature at http://www.geocities.com/tudorhist/tudor.htm and it is undoubtedly a "K" (despite the actual website using a "C"!!!). The potrait in the National Portrait Gallery is signed "Regina Katharine", and I think most convincingly is that Henry's famous "loveknot" carvings where Henry's initial's are intertwined with his wife's are all "H & K", not "H & C".  I don't really accept that the name "Catherine" is the most common form, as both seem to be used widely, and I believe that the evidence indicates that Katherine / Katharine is the correct spelling.  "Catherine" just seems to be a lazy mistake.Paul75 20:40, 18 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Nonetheless, we use the most commonly used form. What she called herself is not particularly relevant - this is English wikipedia, so we use the most common English form of her name. If that is Katharine, use that. If that is Catherine, use that. But this issue needs proper discussion. Michaelsanders 21:14, 18 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Google results: "Catherine of Aragon"=213,000;"Katherine of Aragon"=42,500;"Katharine of Aragon"=15,800;"Catharine of Aragon"=9,440. Michaelsanders 21:30, 18 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I think what Katharine of Aragon called herself is extremely relevant! We are talking about a human being here, if she called herself Katahrine/Katherine then that is her name, not what someone else decides hundreds of years down the line.  I can see no justification for calling someone by another name to what they called themselves.  As she was known as Katharine/Katherine in her lifetime, and her tomb is inscribed with Katherine, I see absolutely no reason to spell her name Catherine.  Katherine/Katharine is not even a foreign name or spelling, it is widely used, Katharine Hepburn springs to mind.  This is an encyclopedia after all which has to be academic, not popularist.  In this case, it is sheer misconception and laziness that has transferred her name over the years to Catherine.  I also believe there is no historical proof of the spelling Catherine spelling, so we should we ignore historical fact? Paul75 22:06, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

Then why aren't we calling her Catalina? Or the Latin form of Catherine? Why don't we name foreign nobles of history by their native forms, instead of anglicised forms? Why don't we name mediaeval monarchs with the mediaeval forms of their names? Catherine is the most commonly used form. It is not for us to set our faces against established ideas based upon our own beliefs. Moreover, your assertions that Catherine is a mistaken form is unsourced and speculative. Spellings were not standardised at that time (Anne Boleyn's surname is also spelt Bullen), so one spelling does not trump another. Moreover, you claim that the tomb spells the name Katherine, which already goes against your assertion that her name is Katharine. Which it isn't. Her 'true name', as I said, would presumably be Catalina, or whatever it was in mediaeval Castilian. The simple truth of the matter is that if most academics, and most search results, use Catherine, then that is what has to be used, unless you can produce an accepted historical refutation of that spelling, and an accepted English spelling as Katharine/Katherine. Michaelsanders 23:09, 18 February 2007 (UTC)
 * And as for the signature, it is illegible, and the words are indistinguishable, to the point where it needs to be explained as that of Catherine in order for one to see any resemblance. And in any case, it appears to say Katharina the Queen. Michaelsanders 23:24, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

 * The "K" in her signature is clearly discernible. Henry VIII, an Englishman, most clearly thought her name started with a "K" as there are no "H&C" loveknots carved across the country, only "H & K".  Yes, her name was anglicised to "Katharine / Katherine", unless you can find proof that her contemporaries referred to her as "Catherine" I strongly believe that the historical proof is on Katharine / Katherine as being her correct name.  The results of a Google search are not exactly academic, and I'm sure you will find that a majority of academics refer to her as Katherine / Katharine.  I am not disputing that the spelling  "Catherine" has been attached to this queen for many years, but the historical proof is overwhelmingly in favour of Katharine / Katherine.  I do not have any prejuidice either way, but I believe Wikipedia entries should be as academic as possible. As regards to Boleyn/Bullen, I understand Bullen to have been a former spelling of the family name which the family corrupted to the less common "Boleyn" as they rose to power.  Anne herself used the "Boleyn" spelling as is evidenced by her signature on documents, including her andn Henry's petition to the Pope. Paul75 00:45, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Look, I'm sorry, but wikipedia does not traffic in what you 'think' or 'believe'. It requires verifiable sources, and reputable historical evidence and support. Your belief that she was called Katherine/Katharine is irrelevant; what is relevant is historical views. If the form 'Catherine is more commonly used, then that is what we must use. If you can find a reliable and accepted historical argument that she should be called Katherine, use it. If you can't, then the fact that 'Catherine' is more commonly used by the English (as evidenced by google) trumps your beliefs. If you want to find a lexigraphical crusade, choose Anne/Anna of Cleve(s). Or Kateryn Parr (as she signed herself). Or why not Guillaume le Batard? Michaelsanders 01:01, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

I am not dealing in my personal thoughts or beliefs. You are ignoring the fact that I HAVE come up with "verifiable sources and reputable historical evidence". I'm dealing in hard historical fact, not my irrelevant beliefs - her tomb, her signature, her husband, her portrait are all rather watertight. Despite your protests, most encyclopedias are not written on what comes up on Google. They are written on historical facts. I've provided the historical facts that prove the most legimate spelling is with a K. If you can provide a compelling historical fact (apart from Google) that her name should be spelt with a "C", I will bow to your superior knowledge. Paul75 01:27, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

 * The portrait is irrelevant. One portrait of Anne Boleyn refers to her as Anna Bolina. Portraits cannot be taken as solid evidence of name spelling, because names were spelt inconsistently at that time. The same goes for the tomb (if it is even of her time; and it spells the name Katherine, not Katharine, as you asserted). The signature is illegible, appears to spell the name as Katharina, and is irrelevant today (as I pointed out, Catherine Parr signed her name 'Kateryn'). You need to understand that spellings at that time were not consistent - so there was NO one way, no official way of spelling a name - especially when the multi-language factor is considered. What we must do is go with either the accepted modern view, or the accepted assertions of a historian that one spelling is pre-eminant. You have produced neither; you are merely engaging in OR, and basing it on 'seems', 'think', 'believe' - none of which are acceptable. You need proper historical evidence that it should be spelt Katharine/Katherine (and which of those should it be?). Otherwise, your unsourced assertions that the spelling as Catherine 'is just lazy' and that "it is sometimes spelled as Katherine or Catherine, but wrongly" fail to trump the acceptable wikipeia criteria provided by google - which shows that 'Catherine of Aragon' is the most commonly used form of her name, and therefore required by wikipedia standards (just we have an article on 'Lady Jane Grey', rather than 'Jane of England', or 'Queen Jane of England'). Michaelsanders 01:39, 19 February 2007 (UTC)
 * You may also be interested to know that your 'uncontroversial' request to have Catherine of Aragon moved to Katharine of Aragon has been removed from the list by User:GTBacchus: "rm Catherine of Aragon request - the current name is based on the most common spelling in English language sources, per WP:COMMONNAME"

 * You should also read Naming conventions (names and titles). And I have no idea what you mean. Please stick to the subject at hand. Michaelsanders 01:49, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Shouldn't the name be spelt how it was when she was alive? Aren't most Katherine's of that era spelt with a "K"? I agree that just because it is common doesn't make it right. There was a common consensus about the way Tutkhamen was pronounced, (toot-em-car-moon, not tootemcarmen)but that was discovered to be wrong only in the past few years, same kinda thing isn;t it? Furtive 01:54, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Well...no. It is monumentally unlikely that we at wikipedia have just made the discovery of the age - that 'Catherine of Aragon' is in fact called 'Katharine of Aragon'. Or 'Katherine of Aragon'. If that is indeed the case, there will be reliable and attested assertions by known historians that her name should be spelt 'Katharine/Katherine', and that 'Catherine' is wrong. If not, then what is most likely is that, once again, it is an example of the results of inconsistent spelling at that time, which produced inconsistent results, and which left no 'offical' spelling. In which case, we have to go with the most commonly used form of name. Which, I repeat, is evidenced as being 'Catherine' (no-one has produced any evidence that it is 'Katherine/Katharine'). Michaelsanders 01:59, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

 * And stop being so partisan, Paul. This is an issue for academia, not for personality or beliefs. Produce proper sourcing to the effect that we should spell her name Katharine, in line with policy. Don't base it on what you think, base it upon what historians think. Michaelsanders 02:03, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Yes, I understand what you are saying. What i meant was that sometimes something that is commonly used is not correct and should not be used in a academic context. like houses of parliament/palace of westminster etc. maybe it's the same with "K" and "C", i think there's a cause for both, maybe we could intorduce a section in the article about the different spellings? it is interesting what you write about jane grey, I think that is a different matter, Lady jane Grey is the most commonly used name, but she can legimately lay claim to all the varieties you mentioned, where as catherine / katherine of aragon can only have one legimate form of her name. i think it's an interesting debate though! it would be great if more people could contribute, because you guys obviously feel passionate about your respective sides!!! I'm a traditionalist, so i'm going to go for the "K" ....no offence to anyone :) Furtive 02:20, 19 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, in the case of Catherine, you can't say she only has one legitimate form of her name - there is her Spanish name, her Latin name, and the various spellings of her English name. And if academic historians can't decide what to call her, then we are obliged to run with the most commonly used English form she is named by - Catherine. Yes, it is arguable that she spelled her name Katherine/Katharine/Katharina (in which case, produce a reliable argument of that), but that isn't a fait accompli here - as I have pointed out, Katherine Parr signed herself as Kateryn. No-one calls her that, however.
 * As for Jane Grey, that was a long ago result of the 'common name rule' being invoked - she could legitimately be titled as 'Queen Jane' or 'Jane of England' (and is listed as such in the succession box) - but few call her by the former, none by the latter, and everyone calls her Lady Jane Grey. It's just a wikirule we have to accept. Michaelsanders 02:42, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

 * My two cents - nothing can be said for the usage at the time as current and popular usage dictates the use of "Catherine" rather than any other form. We needn't be restricted by usage of the time when there were things that were olde, countries were ruled by kynges or what have you. Just as differences in language exist (we refer to Francis I of France and not François) there are also differences in time. Present day usage is Catherine. Charles 02:13, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

 * yay more contributions! Furtive 02:24, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Alright, putting in my opinion as a professional academic historian (not to brag, but just to maybe add some research backed authority), I can tell you a few things about this. To quote to you from the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, her name should be Katherine in a professional publication, but acknowledge the alternate spellings (Catherine, Catalina, Katherine of Aragon). The listing for Katherine reads at the heading " Katherine [Catalina, Catherine, Katherine of Aragon] (1485–1536), queen of England, first consort of Henry VIII." Later, the article states "There was some discussion of whether Catalina, or Katherine, as her name was invariably spelt in England in accordance with contemporary usage, should accompany her husband on his return to his duties as prince of Wales at Ludlow." I have personally always seen it spelled with a K, and most scholars use the K spelling in their writings (not all do). I'd stick with the K as it seems to be the most widely accepted spelling amongst scholars and laymen as well. Brakbudy 03:36, 19 February 2007 (UTC)brakbudy

Just another useful tidbit, she was named after Isabella's grandmother, Katherine of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt. Her Castilian name was also Catalina, but spelled Katherine with a K in England. Just adds another point in the "Katherine with a K" column. Brakbudy 03:50, 19 February 2007 (UTC)brakbudy

 * Hmm, this is a tricky question. Obviously her name was an anglicisation of the Spanish Catalina; I checked out the corresponding article on es.wikipedia and it doesn't offer any further clues as to how her name was spelt in English. From a quick Google search, "Catherine of Aragon" brings up 211,000 hits, while the alternate spellings "Katharine" and "Katherine" bring up 51,000 and 40,000 respectively - but I'd also say that just because Catherine is the most common form in modern usage, that isn't necessarily how it was spelt in Tudor English. I'd have to suggest a compromise: keep the existing name of the article (the other names redirect to it in any case) but add the words "Also spelt as Katharine or Katherine" in the opening sentence. We have to remember that making our own decision based on historical evidence would violate WP:NOR - it's probably best to go with the spelling that's most commonly used in contemporary use, regardless of whether it's right or not. Walton monarchist89 10:48, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Go with that by all means (try to give a source for the use of the alternates, then it can't be meddled with). Even footnote some of the evidence that she spelt it as Katharine/Katherine - provided it is sourced. Just don't violate the rules. Michaelsanders 11:13, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

I feel I must point something out. The Tudor English spelling seems undoubtedly to have been Katherine. That would be because almost anyone who knew how to spell also wrote Latin, and Latin has almost no K's, instead using a hard C, so Catherine would have also been used. And so it seems that, to refer to this woman, Catherine has emerged as clearly the most common name in Modern usage. Katherine may be the "correct" form, or at least was at one point, but it is not the most common. Therefore, no move. But yes, do include one note, possibly a footnote, in the opening to note spelling options. – DBD 12:05, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Of course, the biggest problem here is that no-one appears clear on whether the 'correct' form was 'Katherine' (which, according The Oxford Minidictionary of First Names is the correct form of the name in English) or 'Katharine' (an early variant, affected by katharos). That being the case, we'd be more justified in going with Catherine (most commonly used name) than in choosing Katharine over Katherine, or vice versa (since, unless there was a proper historical source indicating one way or the other, or a clear historical judgement, it would be our own - unacceptable - decision). Michaelsanders 13:03, 19 February 2007 (UTC)
 * K.--Couter-revolutionary 14:12, 19 February 2007 (UTC)
 * A or E? Michaelsanders 14:42, 19 February 2007 (UTC)
 * E, I think.--Couter-revolutionary 14:47, 19 February 2007 (UTC)
 * And the basis for that thought? Michaelsanders 15:20, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

So what I think we can gather from the debate is that Katherine/Katharine is the correct spelling of her name, but Catherine is the most common. As brakbudy pointed out, it it the "K" form that should be used for professional articles, so where does that leave Wikipedia? Should the more common "C" spelling of her name be used for Wikipedia when the acceptable academic usage is for the "K"? I don't think that reverting to using the "C" just because agreement can't be reached on the "A" or "E" in Katherine/Katharine is the solution. I definetely agree that there needs to be a line in the introduction stating the various spellingsPaul75 21:53, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

brakbudy beat me to the punch, so I won't reiterate everything said already, except to add that as a historian myself, with a short professional background in Tudor history (and a longer one in another field, so I don't profess to be an expert by any means), academically, the "K" is generally used for Katherine of Aragon, with acknowledgment and acceptance of alternate spellings. (More Google hits does not necessarily mean a correct answer, but rather a more common answer...) This is one of those times that goes back to the question of what Wikipedia's intentions are... For what it's worth, my own personal inclination is to fall on the side of "correct" rather than "popular", and use the "K", with, of course, redirects from the "C" spelling and a brief bit at the beginning explaining the different spellings.Hiraeth --<IP_ADDRESS> 23:45, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Throughtout this article, her name is spelt differently Catherine & Katherine. I don't know wich is right, but they should be consistant. It gives the impression of 2 different women. GoodDay 20:11, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, since I was kindly invited to give my input, I put my stock in the "K" team. That is the way I have always seen it. --Ashley Rovira 12:06, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

Okay, some unregistered wit earlier today swapped all the Catherines with Katherines, presumably using a text editor, but failed to notice that that switched off the images, which are named with a C. So I reverted the lot. --I'm an American, and I've always seen it with a "C", but upon examination the contemporary evidence is plain and compelling. I've put my hand to a number of opening line edits when the name, dates and places get cluttered: I'm going to see if I can incorporate the K into the opener in such a way that clarifies and explains concisely. -- Yamara 18:45, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Okay, I've tried a fix, and reordered a lot. I might reorder some more (that Trastámara box is huge and unsightly), so if consensus goes against my solution for the opening line, please reedit, not just revert. Thenk yew. -- Yamara 19:26, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Please see below. --Yamara  ✉  22:07, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

I don't believe there is one way of spelling her name. She did not adopt just one form as is evident from her signatures on official documents and in letters. Take for example her final letter to Henry VIII - she signed herself 'Katharine'. But in a letter dating to her daughter in the mid 1520s and a letter to Wolsey in 1513 she signs herself as 'Katherine'. She appears to have adopted the English variation of her name which tended to endorse the letter K. The decision to place ‘Katharine’ on her tomb is less based on detailed research into whether she called herself this or not and more based on the preference for this spelling at the time the tomb was built. It was popular in the nineteenth century especially to refer to her as ‘Katharine of Aragon’ but this was not justified by an examination of source material. It was more due to the authors' general preference for this variation.

Page has been fully protected vs. redirects
The admins want consensus before such things happen. Requests_for_page_protection --Yamara ✉  23:39, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

Still no consensus on a change
We have the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography saying that any professional publication should use a K, and on the other side we have, what? Some editors saying WP:IDONTLIKEIT, and insist on changing it to a C without any consensus for it.

By the way, these diffs prove that User:<IP_ADDRESS> is the same person as User:Chloe2kaii7. That means they count as one in any !vote, and for 3RR. Just making sure everyone realises that. -- Zsero (talk) 17:04, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

I've already said that I don't care how her name is spelled. Everybody knows who she is and one letter doesn't make any difference. I just wanted her name to be consistant. Just making sure everyone realises that. Surtsicna (talk) 18:08, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I orginally highlighted this problem last year. Without any intentions of being rude, are the people debating this English or American / non-English?  Being English, the spelling of Katherine has always been universal in this country, Catherine is a slightly alien form to me and I have always grown up with the spelling Katherine/Katharine.  Her tomb in Peterborough is marked "Katharine the Queen", and I really think Catherine is a complete misnomer. Perhaps this is lost outside of Britain.  Spelling with a C is simply of modern bastardisation of her name.  However, I am more than happy to be disproved -  politely of course please! Paul75 (talk) 18:38, 21 March 2008 (UTC)
 * And since she is an English queen, never an American one (not being alive during the British Empire) one might imagine an English spelling to supersede an American one.
 * But this simply underscores my point. This confusion will continue for the hundreds of millions of potential American users of Wikipedia who have never heard of the spelling, which in turn will confuse the tens of millions of potential English users. Wikipedia being open to instant editing, the article will always be seen as wrong by one set of these millions or the other.
 * The hatnote is a solution to this unique problem.
 * Anyone with an alternate solution is welcome, obviously, to discuss it here. But the problem is very plain and real. Cheers, Yamara ✉  18:33, 22 March 2008 (UTC) (New York City)

What is wrong with the hat-note? I have never seen Catherine of Aragon with K anywhere until I saw it here in this article. Not in Churchill, Schama, or specialized works that I own. The use with a K is cited, however and until the article reaches FA status there are more important edits to make. It looks fine to me as is. -- Secisek (talk) 18:47, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

I have never sen Catherine's name anywere with a "K", but if you must change it to a "K" then change the title, too but then when we suggest that you do that you say "but then it won't be as easy to find" well then surely that is a reason in its self not to change it? Chloe2kaii7 (talk) 09:49, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
 * The name of a page is always the most common spelling, regardless of how "correct" it is. The name is how people find it, and since most people do spell it with a C, that is what the page name is and should remain.  The K spelling redirects.  But the page itself should use the more correct spelling.  There is no reason why the page must use the same spelling as the name. How it's spelled on the page doesn't affect the ease of finding it.  And if anyone is confused, there's the hatnote at the top, and a whole section further down, explaining it.  And the readers will leave the page more informed than they came, which is the point of an encyclopaedia. -- Zsero (talk) 18:44, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

 * WP:V. Look at it this way, Wikipedia has taught you something.
 * It happens. Take the fact that the United States has always had monetary denomination smaller than a penny-- and everyone knows it and uses it on a regular basis. Nonsense? I once was about to edit the statement "Nowadays, most Americans are familiar with the concept of a 'mill'", as absurd on its face. But I read on, and discovered that why yes, I did know it. I simply never knew its name.
 * The spelling is verified, and needs to be acknowledged, however surprised a reader is by it. Popular spelling for centuries also has to be acknowledged. The hatnote is still a solution to this issue, while hiding one spelling is not. -<b style="color:#FF3300;">Yamara</b> ✉  19:03, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I think the hatnote is brilliant, and it should stay exactly the way it is. I don't care about the most common way it is spelt - the correct academic term is K.  This is an encyclopedia, not a magazine article.Paul75 (talk) 01:03, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * In this encyclopedia, the general consensus has been established to use the common name in most cases - so the consensus IS to care. I still would prefer a lead sentence as I propose above, that will make the issue clear, doesn't hide name and is more consistent with what a regular user of Wikipedia might expect:

 * Katherine of Aragon (16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536), Castilian Infanta Catalina de Aragón y Castilla, popularly known as Catherine of Aragon, was the first wife and queen consort of Henry VIII of England.

 * swapping the K and C and replacing "popularly known as" with "actually named" depending on what the article title ends up being. I haven't seen objections to this explained.  (John User:Jwy talk) 04:43, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Sounds reasonable to me. -- Zsero (talk) 13:24, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm not opposed to listing both names in this way, but be warned: I have tried this on this article before (and I think another sympathetic editor wished me a cryptic "good luck with that" back then). It is the biography standard for Wikipedia. But this is a case where the legions of pop culture addicts will not leave the academic editors in peace. The hatnote's solution is to force the explanation of Katherine's name to before where it would belong in a proper article, so that the ignorant can be informed, before their ignorance allows them to revert knowledge.

 * As I read WP:NAMES, the article name should remain as it is and the lead should be:

 * Catherine of Aragon (16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536), Castilian Infanta Catalina de Aragón y Castilla, properly known as Katherine of Aragon, was the first wife and queen consort of Henry VIII of England.

 * For me, that would sufficient mention of the K form outside the name paragraph. (John User:Jwy talk) 15:19, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Anti-vandalism is all about anticipating the ignorant. That's why, through experience, I am pushing for the hatnote; most editors don't want to vandalize the verifiable. But too many people have a knee-jerk reaction to seeing Katherine of Aragon spelled with a K. Cheers, <b style="color:#FF3300;">Yamara</b> ✉  14:05, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Oh, definitely keep the hatnote. I think it's reasonable, though, to add "popularly known as Catherine of Aragon" to the lede.  -- Zsero (talk) 15:49, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I found the hatnote as it was written to be inappropriate. It seems to divide people into "scholars" and "well-meaning, but idiots" if read a certain way. I am certain that some scholars use Catherine just as much. I have changed it. Charles 06:07, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

I am British, and I have seen it spelt both ways (and Katharine) many times, with "Katherine" probably being the most popular. The name (not specifically that of the queen) is commonly spelt in all three ways in Britain, although "Catherine" is probably the most popular. However, because it's the most popular spelling doesn't mean that's the way we should spell it in an article about a specific person - that would be ludicrous. Personally, I think we should go with the ODNB as the most authoritative British historical biographical work, as we are talking about an English queen. -- Necrothesp (talk) 08:18, 7 April 2008 (UTC)
 * What the ODNB actually says is There was some discussion of whether Catalina, or Katherine, as her name was invariably spelt in England in accordance with contemporary usage, should accompany her husband on his return to his duties as prince of Wales at Ludlow. That is to say, it was spelt Katherine in the sixteenth century; the ODNB chooses to spell it that way now. It says nothing about professional standards. (We should not invariably follow ODNB nomenclature; for example, they never use titles.) Septentrionalis PMAnderson 16:26, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

For the record, JSTOR has 594 hits for "Catherine of Aragon" as opposed to 59 for "Katharine of Aragon". Those include Garrett Mattingly's biography, titled Catherine of Aragon; is it really Zsero's contention that he is unprofessional? Septentrionalis PMAnderson 16:39, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

Dates
I've just delinked all occurances of dates within the article, editing for consistency as I did so (something easy to miss if you've got your date prefs set to some form or other). Note that the first section contains a 15–16 December. This cannot be autoformatted using the current system. We are therefore faced with a dilemma: we've got to choose between autoformatting most but not all dates or autoformatting none of them. The first choice gives us inconsistency and overlinking. J IM ptalk·cont 01:59, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

 * What is the problem with inconsistency here? I would prefer we preference enable all dates that we can. (John User:Jwy talk) 02:02, 14 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Jwy—what a relief to happen upon this article, in which the high-value links are allowed to breathe. See MOSNUM, which no longer encourages date autoformatting and which now prescribes rules for the raw formatting, whether they’re autoformatted or not), and MOSLINK and CONTEXT.
 * Autoformatting from the start was highly indulgent, being purely in-house programmer's wonkery for WPians alone, and forcing millions of readers to negotiate bright-blue splotches for no advantage at all. Worse still as Jimp discovered here, autoformatting conceals inconsistencies in raw format from us, the very people who are in a position to fix this; yet our readers have to cope with the inconsistencies in their displays. I'm interested to hear your views, Jwy. TONY   (talk)  04:01, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

The inconsistency problem is this. The article contains a date range of the form day–day month year. Such a range cannot be autoformatted using current WikiMedia. If you're logged in but have your prefs set to a different format, other dates will be formatted differently. Consistency is an all-or-nothing affair (by definition). Autoformat all dates that we can and we leave those that we can't unformatted: this is inconsistency. I'll much quicker swallow the formatting prefered by "them" than have some inconsistant mix of "ours" and "theirs".

Tony brings up a point well worth consideration. It is only Wikipedians who reap the dubious benifits of autoformatting. Take a look at my edits. You'll notice that there had been three formats in use:

 * December 16, 1485
 * 16 December, 1485
 * 16 December 1485

Now the software is smart enough to add missing commas and remove extra ones but it won't fix your inconsistency problems unless you've chosen a preference. What an unlogged-in-with-preferences-set reader is going to see is 16 December 1485 sometimes and December 16, 1485 other times. Autoformatting hides this from the Wikipedian—there are problems we just don't see (that's what I mean by "dubious") ... well I see 'em, having turned my prefs off. J IM ptalk·cont 04:56, 14 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Until I researched further because of your changes, I was unaware the linked dates could provide inconsistent formatting, so I understand a bit more. I'm not convinced which is more important, however:  Complete consistency (no auto-formatting at all) vs. most dates in my preference (all autoformattable dates linked with consistent pre-formatting order).  Your choice would apply to almost all pages, so I would suggest further discussion in a broader forum before too many changes. (John User:Jwy talk) 05:59, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

WT:MOSNUM and WT:MOS are pretty broad and the feeling there is that this thing is broken and we haven't much hope of getting it fixed (we've tried and tried). Yeah, I like dates to be in my preference too, but remember it only works for Wikipedians ... the very people we should urge to turn their prefs off so that they can see the page warts & all so that those warts can be weeded out. What I'm getting at here is, suppose, we didn't have that unformattable date range on the page ... suppose we're looking at a page without any unformattable dates ... what do we see? What we see, if we're logged in and have our prefs set, is all dates nicely how we like them. What we see, if we're not logged in or haven't set our prefs, is dates in whatever format they were typed into the article. So reset your prefs to no preference so you'll be able to see what the majority of visitors to Wikipedia (i.e. those without a login at all) see. By doing that you'll notice if an article is using a mix of formats (as this one had done). To see what I mean, log out (or better still, reset your prefs) and have a look at this. J IM ptalk·cont 07:19, 14 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Indeed, JimP: I'm taking your advice now and removing my preference so I can identify (without going into the edit window) the inconsistencies that we don't want our millions of readers to see. Jwy: what matters most is what our readers see, not what we see, yes?. TONY   (talk)  07:41, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

Of course, there's the other point that linking produces ISO dates for those with prefs so set which imply the Gregorian calendar whereas the article uses the Julian. J IM ptalk·cont 15:01, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

My new major edits
Ive just made some major edits by adding some news pics and two new sections. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Chloe2kaii7 (talk • contribs) 18:40, 19 September 2008 (UTC)

Merging of Catherine of Aragon in Popular Culture
I have reinstated the tag stating that Catherine of Aragon in Popular Culture should be merged with this article, given that it was removed without a consensus to do so. --  Blanchardb - Me•MyEars•MyMouth - timed 22:01, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
 * everything there can be expanded and sourced; there's enough for an article. No reason to merge. DGG (talk) 22:31, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

Titles in Pretence
I'm not sure I follow what this section in the succession boxes is on about. PatGallacher (talk) 02:39, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

She refused to acknowledge the annylment of her marriage and continued to claim being the legitimate Queen. The Roman Catholics throughout Europe also acknowledged her as Queen. I am not too sure if such a claim should be reflected in the succession boxes. Dimadick (talk) 10:36, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

I think we should delete this point from the article. A succession box for "Titles in pretence" or something like that should only apply to a line of pretenders who have maintained a continuous claim e.g. Jacobite pretenders to the British throne. I understand the point that she still claimed to be Queen, but in what meaningful sense was she succeeded by Jane Seymour and not Anne Boleyn? Presumably in the sense that the RC Church recognised the former but not the latter's marriage to Henry. This is far too obscure a point to merit a succession box. PatGallacher (talk) 11:37, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I added the box, but I agree that it should be removed. Yes, the succession box was supposed to explain how Jane Seymour was considered the next rightful Queen of England (since she married Henry VIII after Catherine of Aragon's death). However, that's too complicated to be explained by a simple succession box, which is why the succession box only makes the subject less clear. So, shall we remove it? Surtsicna (talk) 17:31, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Queen regent/regnant, Infanta vs. Princess
While I would accept that it is OK to treat infanta as the Spanish equivalent of princess, most of Chloe's edits are bad. A queen consort who has been temporarily given the post of regent is not at all the same as a queen regnant, the former is still the wife of the king, the latter is a monarch in her own right. Also we don't need such a long list of titles in bold at the start. PatGallacher (talk) 21:21, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
 * In Spain and Portugal, difference is made between Princes and Infantes. Only the person who is the first in line to the throne (and that person's spouse, if the person is male) is Prince of Spain - Prince of Asturias to be precise. All the others are Infantes and Infantas. See Spanish Royal Family. Catherine was never heiress presumptive, thus she was only Infanta of Castile, Aragon, etc. I agree with PatGallacher's other arguements. Queen regent is a queen consort who acts as a temporary head of state on behalf of her husband, while queen regnant is a female monarch. Catherine was not a queen regnant. Surtsicna (talk) 21:34, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

You can run into problems translating titles or cultural equivalents. The heir to the Spanish throne is "el Príncipe de Asturias". I would argue that "infante" is a closer English equivalent to "prince". PatGallacher (talk) 22:00, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

 * You are right, but the titles of Infante and Infanta are never translated, just like the title of Dauphin is never translated as Dolphin or Prince. Have you ever heard of Louis, Dolphin of France? Or Maria Anna, Dolphiness of France? Calling Catherine Princess of Castile is simply factually inaccurate. Surtsicna (talk) 22:21, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Can anyone help?
Catherine was, during the reign of Henry VII, for a short time the Spanish Ambassador in England. Here's my source btw: http://www.funtrivia.com/en/subtopics/Katherine-of-Aragon-92423.html

I just cant find the exact dates. As I feel this should be added in the titles secvtion and somewhere in theb "Princess of Wales" section, as that deals with her life at the court of Henry VII.

So can anyone have a look somewhere? Or does anyone already know?

 * First of all, that page is not to be trusted too much. She certainly wasn't styled HRH The Spanish Ambassador (it's not a title at all), so there is no point to include that information in Titles and styles section. She might have served as an unofficial ambassador of Spain sinc she was daughter of the Spanish monarchs and the highest ranking woman of the realm (after Queen Elizabeth's death), but that's not so notable. Every princess who marries a foreign prince serves as unofficial ambassador of her homeland. Surtsicna (talk) 19:44, 17 October 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Catherine of Aragon/Archive 1


text:
User:Dan-aka-jack

=Who is Jack?=

I was a free lance filmmaker but I've returned to my geeky roots and am doing a Computer Science PhD at Imperial College London on "Disaggregating Smart Meter Readings". As a filmmaker, I've worked on over 35 films including roles as producer, director, editor and stills photographer.

My personal website is Jack-Kelly.com

Jack Kelly on IMDB

My real name is Daniel but everyone calls me Jack!

The website for a film I produced is here: Mirrors (short film)

=What I contribute to=

I'm a keen contributer to WikiBooks... in particular:

 * Movie making manual
 * SPM - a book about the Statistical Parametric Mapping software used to analyse fMRI brain scans
 * Climate change

I also contribute to WikiPedia as dan_aka_jack

title: User:Dan-aka-jack


text:
Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Nav Demo Page 3

This is the last page of this sample Blender wikibook, and therefore does not link to a Next Page.

title: Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Nav Demo Page 3


text:
JoAnn Falletta International Guitar Concerto Competition

The JoAnn Falletta International Guitar Concerto Competition is a competition for classical guitarists from all over the world. The competition was launched in 2004 by PBS member stations WNED-FM, WNED-TV and the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra (BPO). It was named in honor of the BPO's music director, JoAnn Falletta. It was the world’s first concerto competition for classical guitarists with accompaniment by a full symphony orchestra. The art directors are Joanne Castellani and Michael Andriaccio (Castellani-Andriaccio Duo) and Donald K. Boswell (President and CEO, Western New York Public Broadcasting).

To date there have been only three absolute winners of the competition who won all possible awards (1st Prize, Musicians Favorite Award, and Audience Favorite Award): 2004: 🇵🇱 Marcin Dylla (Poland), 2014: 🇺🇦 Marko Topchii (Ukraine) and 2016: 🇷🇺 Anton Baranov (Russia).

Rules

 * The competition has occurred every two years since 2004, always in the city of Buffalo, New York.
 * The participants have to play required pieces and freely chosen pieces from memory.
 * The finals of the competition are taking place in the Kleinhans Music Hall, a National Historic Landmark with exquisite acoustics and a large seating capacity of 2,839. It is the largest known concert hall that hosted the final of the classical guitar competition.
 * In addition to the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd places there are three special awards: Audience Favorite Award and Musicians Favorite Award. While the Audience Favorite is a quite common award in the public music competitions, the Musicians Favorite Award is representing the professional recognition of the orchestra member musicians. The William and Carol Greiner Award, new for 2018, is awarded to the competitor(s) advancing to the final round with a recently composed, lesser-known work from the repertoire list.

Winners

 * 2018
 * 1. Prize: 🇰🇷 Bokyung Byun (South Korea)
 * 2. Prize: 🇨🇳 Tengyue Zhang (China)
 * 3. Prize: 🇨🇳 Congyi Zhang (China)
 * Musicians Favorite Award (Special prize): 🇰🇷 Bokyung Byun (South Korea)
 * Audience Favorite Award (Special prize): 🇨🇳 Tengyue Zhang (China)
 * William and Carol Greiner Award (Special prize): 🇨🇳 Congyi Zhang (China)
 * 2016
 * 1. Prize: 🇷🇺 Anton Baranov (Russia)
 * 2. Prize: 🇭🇺 Andras Csaki (Hungary)
 * 3. Prize: 🇺🇸 Alec Holcomb (USA)
 * Musicians Favorite Award (Special prize): 🇷🇺 Anton Baranov (Russia)
 * Audience Favorite Award (Special prize): 🇷🇺 Anton Baranov (Russia)
 * 2014
 * 1. Prize: 🇺🇦 Marko Topchii (Ukraine)
 * 2. Prize: 🇹🇭 Ekachai Jearakul (Thailand)
 * 3. Prize: 🇺🇸 Chad Ibison (USA)
 * Musicians Favorite Award (Special prize): 🇺🇦 Marko Topchii (Ukraine)
 * Audience Favorite Award (Special prize): 🇺🇦 Marko Topchii (Ukraine)
 * 2012
 * 1. Prize: 🇹🇷 Celil Kaya (Turkey)
 * 2. Prize: 🇭🇷 Petrit Çeku (Croatia)
 * 3. Prize: 🇹🇭 Ekachai Jearakul (Thailand)
 * Musicians Favorite Award (Special prize): 🇭🇷 Petrit Çeku (Croatia)
 * Audience Favorite Award (Special prize): 🇭🇷 Petrit Çeku (Croatia)
 * 2010
 * 1. Prize: 🇷🇺 Artyom Dervoed (Russia)
 * 2. Prize: 🇷🇸 Nemanja Ostojic (Serbia)
 * 3. Prize: 🇫🇷 Thomas Viloteau (France)
 * Musicians Favorite Award (Special prize): 🇫🇷 Thomas Viloteau (France)
 * Audience Favorite Award (Special prize): 🇷🇺 Artyom Dervoed (Russia)
 * 2008
 * 1. Prize: 🇺🇾 Marco Sartor (Uruguay)
 * 2. Prize: 🇩🇪 Laura Klemke (Germany)
 * 3. Prize: 🇺🇸 Benjamin Beirs (USA)
 * Musicians Favorite Award (Special prize): 🇩🇪 Laura Klemke (Germany)
 * Audience Favorite Award (Special prize): 🇺🇾 Marco Sartor (Uruguay)
 * 2006
 * 1. Prize: 🇲🇽 Pablo Garibay (Mexico)
 * 2. Prize: 🇯🇵 Masao Tanibe (Japan)
 * 3. Prize: 🇺🇸 Isaac Bustos (USA)
 * Musicians Favorite Award (Special prize): 🇲🇽 Pablo Garibay (Mexico)
 * Audience Favorite Award (Special prize): 🇯🇵 Masao Tanibe (Japan)
 * 2004
 * 1. Prize: 🇵🇱 Marcin Dylla (Poland)
 * 2. Prize: 🇲🇽 Pablo Garibay (Mexico)
 * 3. Prize: 🇨🇺 Rene Izquierdo (Cuba)
 * Musicians Favorite Award (Special prize): 🇵🇱 Marcin Dylla (Poland)
 * Audience Favorite Award (Special prize): 🇵🇱 Marcin Dylla (Poland)

Jury

 * 2018
 * 🇷🇺 Irina Kulikova (Russia)
 * 🇪🇸 Francisco Bernier (Spain)
 * 🇺🇸 Eric Sessler (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Michael Newman (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Sean Samimi (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Michael Andriaccio (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Joanne Castellani (USA)
 * 2016
 * 🇬🇷 Antigoni Goni (Greece)
 * 🇨🇦 Jeffrey McFadden (Canada)
 * 🇺🇸 Donald Crockett (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Mark Delpriora (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Jeff Cogan (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Michael Andriaccio (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Joanne Castellani (USA)
 * 2014
 * 🇭🇷 Ana Vidović (Croatia)
 * 🇮🇹 Micaela Pittaluga (Italy)
 * 🇨🇦 Dale Kavanagh (Canada)
 * 🇩🇪 Thomas Kirchhoff (Germany)
 * 🇺🇸 David Osenberg (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Michael Andriaccio (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Joanne Castellani (USA)
 * 2012
 * 🇵🇾 Berta Rojas (Paraguay)
 * 🇺🇾 Eduardo Fernández (Uruguay)
 * 🇻🇪 Ricardo Iznaola (Venezuela)
 * 🇺🇸 Adam Holzman (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Tony Morris (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Michael Andriaccio (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Joanne Castellani (USA)
 * 2010
 * 🇵🇷 Ernesto Cordero (Puerto Rico)
 * 🇮🇹 Micaela Pittaluga (Italy)
 * 🇦🇷 Ernesto Bitetti (Argentina)
 * 🇺🇸 Michael Colina (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Laura Oltman (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Michael Andriaccio (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Joanne Castellani (USA)
 * 2008
 * 🇺🇾 Eduardo Fernandez (Uruguay)
 * 🇪🇸 Enrique Muñoz Teruel (Spain)
 * 🇺🇸 Brian Head (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 David Leisner (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Tony Morris (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Michael Andriaccio (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Joanne Castellani (USA)
 * 2006
 * 🇵🇱 Marcin Dylla (Poland)
 * 🇪🇸 Eduardo Pascual Diez (Spain)
 * 🇺🇸 Miguel del Águila (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 David Frost (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Jeff Cogan (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 John Landis (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 David Dusman (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Michael Andriaccio (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Joanne Castellani (USA)
 * 2004
 * 🇨🇦 Jack Behrens (Canada)
 * Carlos Bonell (UK)
 * 🇺🇸 Roberto Sierra (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Bruce Holzman (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 John Landis (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 David Dusman (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Michael Andriaccio (USA)
 * 🇺🇸 Joanne Castellani (USA)


text:
User:Jason0502

Owner of Loh Chon Jie. He is also named as 苏乞儿. On his early age, he was very obssessed with one girl named as 'pugna'.

title: User:Jason0502


text:
Chhab

Chhab (Urdu : چھب) is a village situated in Jand Tehsil of Attock District in Punjab Province of Pakistan.

It is located near Makhad Sharif along the bank of River Sindh. Chhab is the headquarters of "Chhab Union Council" and governed the neighboring villages. Punjabi Khatris have Chhabra surname from this region, after 1947 Chhabra settled like other NWFP refugees in and around Delhi.

title: Chhab


text:
Talk:Eva Green

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 01:06, 4 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Evagreen2 (3).jpg

Ancestry
Hi, has Green herself ever admitted to having Sephardi ancestry? For years, her page did not mention any Sephardi roots whatsoever.

That was until 24 November 2015, when a user named "Bostonnine" added that she was Sephardi Jewish without providing an edit reason or any new sources. Furthermore, this user, "Bostonnine", was blocked the very same day for personal attacks and harassment.

When this user added mention of Green being Sephardi Jewish, one of the sources, an interview with The Guaridan, records Green saying she is Jewish, but no mention of Sephardi roots. Quote: "Given that her mother is Jewish [...] I'm Jewish. I don't think he has anything against the Jews." And another source that describes her as being Jewish from NY Daily News, but no mention of Sephardi Jewish heritage specifically. Quote: "Jewish actress is disgraced designer's defender [...] Green, who is Jewish."

Other source provided was an interview with her mother for Le Figaro, but I don't see mention of her being Jewish, let alone Sephardi Jewish specifically (Juif).

That just leaves the only other source cited at the time, the Berg and Chalom Chemouny book, but there is no link for web access to it and until that now banned user added it, her page did not mention Sephardi Jewish heritage specifically.

Now, there's an article from her by The Guardian that mentions Sephardi Jewish descent, but it is the only web source cited that mentions this, it is not a direct quote from Green herself and it came out several months after her Wiki page added this information and could very well be a possible case of circular reporting. The Guardian even mentions that her father is half-Swedish, half-French descent, but the only source provided on this per current version of her page is a user-run blog by a person who has the username "lebarbu1" through Skyrock, a social media platform that allows any user to run a blog. A 2007 Yahoo Movies bio on her describes her father as being Swedish (not half-Swedish/half-French) and her mother being French. The Gala magazine article on her father also does not state he is "half-Swedish/half-French". It just calls him Swedish (Suédois).

Which further leads me to believe that the 2016 Guardian article may have used some circular reporting (i.e - checking her Wiki page or IMDb) when adding personal information in the article.

Many sources often only stated that her mother is Jewish (but no specific mention of Sephardi Jewish roots). They all appear to have the same quote from Green herself, that she is Jewish/her mother is Jewish but no specific mention of Sephardi Jewish roots.

Unless pg. 402 of that alleged book cited specifically states that she is of Sephardi descent, then I don't know where that came from. It seems to be a likely case of circular or original research and dubious/unusable sources that lead to this conclusion. The quotes provided from Green herself do not specify what specific Jewish ethno-group she belongs to (unless I missed a source provided). And unless she personally is quoted to admitting this or maybe she does something akin to that "Finding Your Roots" show in the U.S, I'd be skeptical of any source published more recently that regurgitates that her full ancestry includes Swedish, French and Sepahrdi Jewish roots. Clear Looking Glass (talk) 03:48, 2 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eva Green


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Seemi Zaidi

The result was Deleted as G12 (copy vio). Diannaa (talk) 00:17, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

Seemi Zaidi

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Seems to be a unotable actress. The ref is also completely the same as this article. (Granted it is rather short though) Wgolf (talk) 23:23, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete - entire article constitutes WP:COPYVIO or WP:PARAPHRASE. Additionally, Zaidi fails WP:NACTOR. --ceradon ( talk  •  contribs ) 23:42, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment-Yeah when I looked her up I was going "wow one film!" Wgolf (talk) 23:45, 10 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts

Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts is a set of books that was started by the founder of Fo Guang Shan, Venerable Master Hsing Yun. The project started in 2001 and was completed in March 2013. There are 20 volumes in total and the artwork spans all 5 continents with information from more than 30 countries. The project was made possible with the help of numerous scholars and volunteers, 300 monastics, 140 scholars from 16 different countries, and more than 400 volunteers. Fo Guang Shan has donated copies of the encyclopedia to libraries and academic institutions across the world.

The volumes are divided into 8 categories: The volumes are printed in color with over 9000 articles, 4 million words, and 15,000 pictures in total.
 * Architecture - 4 volumes
 * Caves - 5 volumes
 * Sculpture - 4 volumes
 * Paintings - 3 volumes
 * Calligraphy and engravings - 1 volume
 * Artifacts - 1 volume
 * People - 1 volume
 * Index - 1 volume

title: Encyclopedia of Buddhist Arts


text:
Template talk:Currency units of China

Pre-Qing Dynasty silver units
Prior to the Manchu Qing Dynasty silver units weren't standardised and it wasn't until the mid-19th century that attempts at creating monetary units for silver was made. Prior to then monetary weights units were used (see "Template:Monetary weight units of China"), these were monetary units but not currency units as they were based on weights rather than units of account. --Donald Trung (talk) 11:11, 24 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Currency units of China


text:
Talk:25 Images of a Man's Passion/GA1

GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''

Reviewer: 97198 (talk · contribs) 01:55, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

Another interesting article on what sounds like an interesting work. I'll leave comments below as I review each section. 97198 (talk) 01:55, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Lead
 * The year of publication is given inside the parentheses with the French title—since it is an important piece of information, can I suggest adding "first published in 1918" to the end of the opening sentence instead?
 * Cahnged to "25 Images of a Man's Passion, or The Passion of a Man is the first wordless novel by Flemish artist Frans Masereel (1889–1972), first published in 1918 under the French title 25 images de la passion d'un homme."
 * Great. I've added italics to the French title.
 * "... was the first wordless novel by Flemish artist Frans Masereel"—should was be is, since the book still exists?
 * Of course. Fixed. Curly Turkey ¡gobble! 04:16, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * "the work is also laden with religious imagery"—can you find a less subjective word to replace laden?
 * Changed to "filled"—I didn't realize "laden" was such a subjective word. Curly Turkey ¡gobble! 04:16, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * To me, it sounds quite negative, like a burden; Google defines it as "heavily loaded or weighed down".

 * Background
 * "and thus is the earliest example of the wordless novel genre"—is in this clause appears to refer to Masereel rather than the novel
 * Changed to "which is thus". Curly Turkey ¡gobble! 04:16, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Synopsis
 * This is a major nitpick, but this section uses the American spelling of "industrialized" whereas the rest of the article uses the British spelling of "mediaeval"—I'm not sure which style is more appropriate for a Belgian topic but it should be consistent
 * Actually, it's in Canadian English, to frustrate the greatest number of readers. Ive added a Use Canadian English to make it clearer. Curly Turkey ¡gobble! 04:16, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Ah, I must admit I'm not familiar with Canadian English. Thanks for clearing that up.
 * "... and drinks and whores with his coworkers"—not sure about the use of the verb whores here; is there a word missing?
 * Perhaps not the most common usage, but one meaning of the verb "whore" is "To engage the services of a prostitute." Off the top of my head I can't think of a phrasing to replace it that's not a mouthful. Curly Turkey ¡gobble! 04:16, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I've only ever heard the verb used in the context of prostituting oneself but hey, today I learnt something.
 * "He self-educates himself"—repetitive; maybe remove self-?
 * Urk—that was dumb. Dropped "self-". Curly Turkey ¡gobble! 04:16, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Style and analysis
 * "The cover of the German edition had the main character"—depicted might be a better word than had here
 * Subsitituted and changed to present tense. Curly Turkey ¡gobble! 04:16, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * "Willet finds parallels"—should mention Willet's first name
 * Done. Curly Turkey ¡gobble! 04:16, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * "the story arc of Masereel's the book"—stray the?
 * Obliterated. Curly Turkey ¡gobble! 04:16, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * General
 * Both images are in the US public domain
 * All information is adequately sourced and all references are reliable sources
 * Article history is stable

Overall, there is very little to fault with the article except for the very minor issues I've pointed out above. Once those are addressed I'll be happy to promote it to GA. 97198 (talk) 02:21, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Oh, I'm really sorry to do this to you in the middle of a review, but I rearranged all the images, and added five. Could you give them a peak? Curly Turkey ¡gobble! 04:16, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * No problem—all of the new images are fine. All of your changes look good (I've left a couple of responses above too) so I'm more than happy to go ahead and promote the article. Great work! 97198 (talk) 05:26, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:25 Images of a Man's Passion/GA1


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2015 Bemidji Axemen season

The  Bemidji Axemen season was the team's second and final season as a professional indoor football franchise and second in the Indoor Football League (IFL). One of ten teams competing in the IFL for the 2015 season, the Bemidji, Minnesota-based Axemen are members of the United Conference.

Schedule
Key:

Regular season
All start times are local time

title: 2015 Bemidji Axemen season


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sean O'Neill (footballer)

The result was   speedy keep. Withdrawn by nominator. (non-admin closure) MacMedtalk stalk 15:02, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

Sean O'Neill (footballer)

 * – ( View AfD View log  •  Stats )

Contested PROD. Concern was Article about a footballer who fails WP:GNG and who has not played in a fully pro league. PROD was contested on the grounds that he could not play in a fully pro league. This has no bearing on notability. Sir Sputnik (talk) 23:04, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Note: This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of association football-related deletions. Sir Sputnik (talk) 23:05, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * It does. It was contested on the basis that he was found in Category:Gaelic footballers who switched code. Gaelic football does not have what I think you would describe as a "fully pro league" in the first place. Are you suggesting that everyone who plays Gaelic football isn't notable? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:14, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Sportspeople-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 02:11, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Delete - fails WP:GNG and WP:NFOOTBALL. GAA is fully amateur, no evidence of notability there. GiantSnowman 08:01, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep - passes WP:NGAELIC. Phil Bridger (talk) 10:53, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep - I'm pretty sure he's played at the highest level of Gaelic football there is. – PeeJay 16:04, 14 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment - This clearly refers to him playing for Antrim against Derry last year. That he could not play in a "fully pro league" does have a bearing on notability, contrary to the nominator's claims. Antrim have reached two All-Ireland finals and Derry have won the thing. How do you get any more "fully pro" in Gaelic football? I found that source in the article. The history shows it was not put there after the nominator's attempts to delete. The source has actually been there from the moment the article was created and was not hard to notice. It is blatantly spelt out in the article that he plays for Antrim. The PROD was quite rightly contested. What more does the nominator want or require by Wikipedia policy? --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:36, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment - I must admit I was unaware of the notability guidelines regarding Gaelic footballers. Give the comments above, I am prepared withdraw this nomination. Sir Sputnik (talk) 03:59, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep - meets WP:NGAELIC. Nfitz (talk) 15:42, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep - passes WP:NGAELIC. Mentoz86 (talk) 15:55, 16 July 2012 (UTC)


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gaucher

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) left-handed
 * 2) left-footed
 * 1) left-footed
 * 1) left-footed
 * 1) left-footed

Noun

 * 1) a left-handed or left-footed person; a southpaw

Usage notes

 * Not to be confused with.

title: gaucher


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Yekaterinovka, Slavgorod, Altai Krai

Yekaterinovka (Екатериновка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Slavgorod, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 73 as of 2013. There are 2 streets.

title: Yekaterinovka, Slavgorod, Altai Krai


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Cookbook:Peruvian Molded Rice (Arroz Tapado)

| Cuisine of Peru

Arroz tapado (Spanish for molded rice) is very popular in Peru and is a favorite among children because the recipe calls for molding rice and minced beef into a shape.

The minced beef preparation is very similar to picadillo (Spanish for minced meat) which is popular throughout Latin America and the Philippines. In most other countries picadillo is served with white rice on the side.

Ingredients

 * 3 cloves of garlic, minced
 * 2 tbsp olive oil
 * Lemon juice
 * Salt
 * 4 cups (1 litre) water
 * 1 pound (450 g) washed rice
 * 1 onion, finely chopped
 * 2 pounds (900 g) ground beef
 * 2 tomatoes, finely chopped
 * 1 tbsp tomato paste
 * 4 tbsp of raisins
 * 5 black olives, chopped
 * 3 hard boiled eggs; 2 chopped, 1 whole
 * 1 tbsp parsley, finely minced

Preparation

 * 1) Sauté the garlic in oil, add a few drops of lemon juice, salt and the water, and bring to a boil.
 * 2) Add rice and cook until tender. This should take 20–25 minutes.
 * 3) In another pan, stir in onions and sauté.
 * 4) Add meat, tomatoes, tomato paste, raisins, olives, egg and parsley.
 * 5) Take an 8-ounce measuring cup and coat the inside with a little oil. Fill halfway with rice, add some meat filling and add more rice to top of cup. Invert onto a plate and carefully remove cup.
 * 6) Cut the remaining hard-boiled egg in half and serve the two halves along side the arroz tapado on the same plate.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Use only the egg whites from the hard boiled egg and mince a low-fat cut of beef to reduce the fat at cholesterol in this dish.


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Dylan Vente

Dylan Vente (born 9 May 1999) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a forward for club Hibernian.

Dylan Vente, the great-nephew of former Feyenoord legend Leen Vente, came up through Feyenoord's youth academy, joining when he was nine years old. He signed his first professional contract with the club in November 2015 and made his debut for the first team during the 2017–18 season. Afterward, he spent time on loan with both RKC Waalwijk and Roda JC from 2019 to 2021 before sealing a permanent deal with the latter club at the end of his loan spell. During his time at Roda, he earned recognition for his impressive goal-scoring skills, finishing as one of the top scorers in the Dutch second tier during the 2021–22 season. In 2023, Vente made a move to the Scottish Premiership club Hibernian.

He has represented the Netherlands at all age-group levels up to under-20. On 7 March 2024 the Surinamese Football Association released a preselection for their upcoming match against Martinique, listing Vente as one of the forwards being called up. This selection was later recitified, but revealed that Vente is elligible to play caps for Suriname.

Feyenoord
Vente started his career with VV Smitshoek in Barendrecht. At the age of nine, he joined Feyenoord's youth academy. He signed his first professional contract in November 2015.

From the 2017–18 season, Vente became part of their first team. He made his official debut on 13 September 2017 in an UEFA Champions League home match against Manchester City, coming off the bench for Michiel Kramer in the 72nd minute.

Vente made his Eredivisie debut for Feyenoord on 17 September 2017 in a game against PSV. He scored his first goal on 17 December 2017 in a 7–0 win against Sparta Rotterdam, almost a carbon copy of his great-uncle Leen Vente's goal against Beerschot in 1937, which was the first ever goal in Feyenoord's home ground, De Kuip.

2019–20: Loan to RKC
On 23 August 2019, Vente joined newly promoted Eredivisie club RKC Waalwijk on loan until the end of the 2019–20 season. He made his RKC debut on 25 August 2019, replacing Paul Quasten in the 79th minute of a 3–0 loss to ADO Den Haag. Vente made only 18 appearance for the club, as he struggled with injuries. The season ended prematurely due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

2020–21: Return to Feyenoord
At the beginning of the 2020–21 season, Vente was permanently placed in Feyenoord's under-21 team, and was given jersey number 58. In November 2020, however, Vente was mainly a part of the first-team squad, making his return to the pitch for Feyenoord on 23 December 2020, replacing Luciano Narsingh in the 78th minute of a 3–0 home win over Heerenveen.

Roda JC
On 28 January 2021, he moved to Roda JC on loan, who competed in the second-tier Eerste Divisie. He made his Roda debut on 30 January 2021, coming off the bench for Fabian Serrarens in the 75th minute of a 5–0 away victory against Dordrecht. On 15 February 2021, Vente scored his first goal for the club in a 3–1 win over Excelsior. During his six-month loan stint, he made 17 appearances in which he scored five goals.

On 4 August 2021, Vente signed a permanent deal until 2023 with Roda JC. He quickly grew into an undisputed starter for the club, and a proven goalscorer. On 3 December 2021, Vente scored his first hat-trick in a 5–2 league win over Dordrecht. He also scored a hat-trick in the return game against Dordrecht on 4 March 2022, heavily contributing to a 4–0 home win. Vente finished the 2021–22 season with 25 goals and seven assists in 42 total appearances for Roda, finishing fourth among Eerste Divisie top goalscorers.

Hibernian
Vente signed a three-year contract with Scottish Premiership club Hibernian on 31 July 2023, moving for a transfer fee of around £700,000. He scored on his Hibs debut ten days later, in a Europa Conference League game against Swiss club Luzern.

Personal life
Vente is the great-nephew of former Feyenoord legend Leen Vente, who scored 65 goals in 82 appearances for the club between 1936 and 1941.

In February 2023, Vente and Roda JC teammate Guus Joppen were involved in a scuffle at a night club in Heerlen during Carnival celebrations, which left both with injuries. A man was later arrested, who had attacked Joppen and Vente.

Honours
Feyenoord
 * KNVB Cup: 2017–18
 * Johan Cruijff Shield: 2017, 2018

title: Dylan Vente


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idade

Etymology
From, from , from syncope of earlier , from , from + , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) age (part of the duration of a being or thing between its beginning and any given time)
 * 2) specific period of a person's lifetime
 * 3) period, epoch, historical age

Etymology
From, from , from syncope of earlier , from , from + , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) age part of the duration of a being or thing between its beginning and any given time

Noun

 * 1) sister

title: idade


text:
User:Jonathan Webley/Qu'mey

 * 1) Complete lesson plans for first 5 lessons
 * 2) Reference sections
 * 3) Sources of canon
 * 4) Klingons & Culture
 * 5) Organise as a Klingon ship?

title: User:Jonathan Webley/Qu'mey


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Joseph B. Sanborn

Joseph Brown Sanborn (1855–1934) was Commander of the 131st Infantry Regiment of the 33rd Division during World War I.

Early life
Joseph B. Sanborn was born on December 8, 1855, in Chester, New Hampshire, to Rachel and Josiah Sanborn. Sanborn moved to Chicago in 1887.

Military
Joseph B. Sanborn enlisted in the Illinois National Guard as a private on March 8, 1880. Private Sanborn won his first commission in 1882. He worked his way up from second lieutenant in 1882 to first lieutenant in 1884, to captain in 1886, and to major in 1891.

Spanish–American War
Sanborn commanded the first battalion of the First Illinois Volunteer Infantry in the Santiago campaign of the Spanish–American War. On December 22, 1898, he was made Major of the First Infantry Illinois National Guard. During the Mexican Border disturbances in 1916 Sanborn was colonel. In 1917, the First Illinois Infantry became the 131st Regiment, U.S. Infantry, and "answered the call to service in the war with Germany."

World War I
On May 30, 1918, Colonel Sanborn arrived in France with the 131st Regiment. They participated in the Somme and Meuse-Argonne offensives between August 8, 1918, and November 11, 1918.

The Chipilly Ridge and the Gressaire Wood had been strongly fortified by the enemy, and it was impossible for the Americans and British to advance in that vicinity. Any attempt to overtake it proved "abortive". On August 9, 1918, near Gressaire, Sanborn personally led his regiment through heavy shell fire and started the attack at the right moment. He established his post of command and directed the battle to a successful end. The 131st were thrown into battle against the most seasoned of the German troops, and lacked adequate preparations. Despite this, they were able to maintain their focus and calm. On August 10, 1918, they were able to report to the commanding general of the Forty-Eighth Division that their objective had been reached.

Those in the 131st regiment commended Colonel Sanborn for his bravery and inspiring leadership. Sergeant C. William Keane recounted a story when Sanborn brought his men food through gunfire: "Col. Sanborn personally brought us rations on his back...He did that because he wanted to be sure that the food would reach us and he figured the best way to make sure was to carry it himself. Who wouldn't fight like the devil under a commander like that?" At the time of the battle, Colonel Sanborn was 62 years old. The 131st Regiment's victory at Gressaire Wood was a "decisive stroke in the Somme offensive." In a letter written to Bernard A. Eckhart, Colonel Sanborn wrote, "I am very proud of the record of the regiment in the offensive of August 9...and as a result twenty-two men in the regiment received decorations of various kinds and Great Britain has conferred upon me the D.S.O decoration, which I understand is the first that has been given any American in this war." He also wrote that the regiment continued to push on despite difficulties, especially bad weather.

Retirement
In March 1921, Sanborn was removed from command of the state troops and put on the retirement list. This was done in order to make room for Major General Milton J. Foreman. Also, Adjutant General Dickson explained that Sanborn had passed the age limit of 64 years and all state military codes required that all officers of retiring age be put on the retirement list. Sanborn transferred command on June 20, 1921. He retired as lieutenant general on April 6, 1931.

Awards
For his services in World War I, Sanborn was recognized by the American, British, French, and Belgian governments. For bravely leading his regiment at Gressaire Wood and Chippilly Ridge, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross by the American government and the Distinguished Service Order by the British government. He also received the Distinguished Service Medal from the American government, the decorations of Officer of the Legion of Honour and Croix de Guerre with Palm from the French government, and Officer of the Order of Leopold from the Belgian government.

Later years
Joseph B. Sanborn was the president of the J. B. Sanborn Co., a mercantile agency from 1886 to 1925. From 1919 to 1921, he was the State Tax Commissioner.

Sanborn died on December 22, 1934, in Chicago, Illinois.

Personal life
He was married to Julie Flanders. They had two daughters, Helen and Katherine. He later remarried to Willa Alice Weck.

External links and further reading

 * Bust of General Sanborn, Pritzker Military Museum & Library
 * Photos of J. B. Sanborn, Chicago History Museum
 * Chicago Hosts in Solemn Line Honor M'Kinley at Chicago Tribune Archives
 * Col Sanborn's Gallantry Told of in a Letter at Chicago Tribune Archives
 * Col Sanborn and Thompson at Chicago Tribune Archives
 * First Infantry, I.N.G., again to be organized at Chicago Tribune Archives
 * Lundin Drive to Oust Sanborn is Withering at Chicago Tribune Archives
 * Reunion of Old First at Chicago Tribune Archives
 * Parade of the First Regiment at Chicago Tribune Archives
 * Sanborn's Men Won Admiration of Australians at Chicago Tribune Archives
 * Sunday Camp at Lincoln at Chicago Tribune Archives

title: Joseph B. Sanborn


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Cantonese/Conversational Cantonese One/Lesson One

Reading Material

 * Cantonese Wikibook: Pronunciation
 * Lab: Listen to the initials and finals recorded on the Cantones_sounds.zip file from chinese-lessons.com.

The Tones
Labeled with normal pitch levels used (1=Lowest - 5=Highest)
 * 1) High Level or High Falling (ā or à) - Pitch: 5-5 or 5-3
 * 2) Mid Rising (á) - Pitch: 3-5
 * 3) Mid Level (a) - Pitch: 3-3
 * 4) Low Falling (àh) - Pitch: 2-1
 * 5) Low Rising (áh) - Pitch: 2-3
 * 6) Low Level (āh) - Pitch: 2-2
 * The syllables that end with p, t, and k usually are considered only to have "checked" level tones. Because these syllables are so short, a rise or fall in the pitch usually cannot be detected. Sometimes the pitch does not matter, as in the word for "dish", dip6 versus dip2. Both are correct.

Final Semivowels

 * The final consonants p, t, and k are unreleased. This means that they are virtually silent and you hear no "puff of air" at the end of the syllable.
 * The vowel quality in ing, it, and ik is not the same as in in,im, or i. It's the same difference between the English words "sing" and "seen" (or in grammar school terms a "short" vowel versus a "long" vowel).
 * The finals m and ng can only be used as standalone nasal syllables.
 * Vowels preceeding nasal final consonants are not nasalized, yet vowels following nasal consonants are.

Row AA Notes

 * The aa sounds are a low back vowel which is slightly longer in length and different in quality from the a sounds. Be sure to note the difference in these sounds since confusing the two will change the meaning of words.

Row O Notes

 * The o sound does not exist in American English, but it is in British English. It is the back rounded vowel that you hear when British people say "more" or "scorn".  If you listen carefully to a British speaker, you'll notice they do not pronounce the "r" in these words.  It is the quality of the "o" vowel that makes them unique to American speakers' ears.

Row Eu Notes

 * The eui sound does not exist in English either but like the yu it's just a case of rounding the lips. Start by saying the e sound in "bet" and--without changing anything else!--round your lips.  Note that this sound is a fusion of eu and yu, but "euyu" would look awkward.
 * The final eung has a faint r sound riding on the vowel, so the number two would be pronounced somewhat like "leurng".

Row Yu Notes

 * The yu sound does not exist in English but it is not hard to produce. Start by saying a long i as in "see" and--without changing anything else!--round your lips.  It's a common sound in French so "think French" if you have to.

Mandarin Tones

 * 1) Mandarin tone 1 is like Cantonese tone 1
 * 2) Mandarin tone 2 is like Cantonese tone 2

Mandarin Initials

 * Note: Row 4 Retroflexes - zh, ch, sh, r, and Row 5 Palatals - j, qī, xī have no Cantonese equivalent. Also Cantonese initials - ng, y, w, gw, and kw have no Mandarin equivalents.

Mandarin Finals

 * Cantonese finals m and ng have no Mandarin equivalent.

Row aa Notes

 * Cantonese finals aau, aam, aan, aang, aap, aat, and aak have no Mandarin equivalents.

Row a Notes

 * Mandarin finals -i, e, and ang have no Cantonese equivalents.
 * Cantonese finals ai, au, am, ap, at, and ak have no Mandarin equivalents.

Row e Notes

 * Cantonese finals e, em, eng, and ek have no Mandarin equivalents.

Row i Notes

 * Mandarin finals ia, ie, iao, iu, ian, iang, and iong have no Cantonese equivalents.
 * Cantonese finals iu, im, ip, it, and ik have no Mandarin equivalents.

Row o Notes

 * Cantonese finals oi, on, ot, and ok have no Mandarin equivalents.

Row u Notes

 * Cantonese finals ui, un, ung, ut, and uk have no Mandarin equivalents.

Row eu Notes

 * Cantonese finals eung, euk, eui, and eut have no Mandarin equivalents.

Row ü Notes

 * Mandarin finals üe and üan have no Cantonese equivalents.
 * Cantonese final yut has no Mandarin equivalent.


text:
Beach volleyball at the 2018 Commonwealth Games

Beach volleyball at the 2018 Commonwealth Games was held on the Gold Coast, Australia from 6 to 12 April. The beach volleyball competition was held at Coolangatta Beachfront. This was the first time that Beach Volleyball was held at the Commonwealth Games. A total of twelve men's and twelve women's teams are scheduled to compete (48 athletes, at 2 per team) in each respective tournament.

Competition schedule
The following is the competition schedule for the Beach Volleyball competitions:

Qualification
A total of 12 men's teams and women's team qualified to compete at the games.

Participating nations
There are 16 participating nations in beach volleyball with a total of 48 athletes.


text:
Reginald Heber Gooden

Reginald Heber Gooden (March 22, 1910 – February 11, 2003) was a missionary bishop of The Episcopal Church, serving in Panama and the Canal Zone and later in Louisiana. His father, Robert Burton Gooden, was also a bishop.

title: Reginald Heber Gooden


text:
Journal of Web Semantics

The Journal of Web Semantics is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier. It covers knowledge technologies, ontology, software agents, databases and the semantic grid, information retrieval, human language technology, data mining, and semantic web development. The journal is abstracted and indexed by Scopus and the Science Citation Index. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 1.897.

title: Journal of Web Semantics


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mozambican units of measurement

The result was   delete. Nakon 01:51, 19 February 2015 (UTC)

Mozambican units of measurement

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

I quote the proposer of the previous PROD: "It appears to be about nothing at all. It gives no details of any preceding system of units. it mentions an Arabic unit of mass which appears irrelevant. I would suggest WP:NOTABLE"

The original editor removed the PROD with a justification which I quote: "(It provides details about the current system. It provides the details about the system before the current system (Note: Portuguese system). Bahar was used in China to East coast of Africa (Refer: http://sizes.com/units/bahar.htm )(also refer references).)"

This hardly says anything at all, and does not address the original point. Imaginatorium (talk) 12:17, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Africa-related deletion discussions.  Everymorning   talk  12:33, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Keep The place has mostly followed the Portuguese standards since it was colonised but there do seem to be some local features. For example, here, we see an entry which documents the frazil and the bahar, along with details of the coinage.  More recently, the independent government has been legislating as traders have been giving short measure.  Plus ça change...  Andrew D. (talk) 19:59, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Science-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 22:14, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * weak delete I found a few similar sources for "frazil" and "bahar", but they all seem copied from a similar source/each other. If there's no more data than the conversion rate (eg. origin, notable uses, etc) and no other unique units besides weight, I see no reason for an article. Deunanknute (talk) 22:58, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete There are no reliable sources showing that the topic "Mozambican units of measurement" is notable per WP:GNG—what independent sources discuss that topic other than to note that people in Mozambique use measurement systems established elsewhere? If someone finds encyclopedic information about measurements before colonization, a new article can be created, however an article on this topic cannot be based on one or two dictionary definitions. Johnuniq (talk) 02:29, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete No evidence of independent notability. PianoDan (talk) 15:58, 17 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
The Vice President (mountain)

The Vice President is a mountain on The President/Vice President Massif just north of Emerald Lake in Yoho National Park, near the Alpine Club of Canada's Stanley Mitchell hut. The Vice President was named Mount McNicoll in 1904 by Edward Whymper after David McNicoll, the VP of the Canadian Pacific Railway. In 1907, the mountain was renamed by the Alpine Club of Canada, after it was discovered that the name had already been used on a mountain near Rogers Pass.

Routes
There appears to be only one route up the Vice President—up the President glacier to the col, then up a snow slope to the ridge, then to the peak.

title: The Vice President (mountain)


text:
Talk:Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

Userbox
Hey everyone! The other day I made an SIUE userbox for current and former students. If you're interested in putting this box on your user page, just head over to Category:Wikipedians by alma mater: Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. Here is what it looks like:

Illinois2011 (talk) 04:50, 17 February 2012 (UTC)


text:
Rayni Fox

Rayni Fox (born May 24, 1956) is an American former tennis player who was active from the mid-1970s until the early 1980s.

As a junior player Fox was a singles runner-up to Mima Jaušovec at the 1973 Orange Bowl. In 1974 she won the U.S. Girls' 18s national singles title. Fox attended Rollins College for two years before turning pro in August 1975.

During her career Fox played in all four Grand Slam tournaments. Her best result was reaching the doubles final at the 1977 French Open with Helen Cawley in which they were defeated in three sets by Regina Maršíková and Pam Teeguarden. Her best result in singles occurred in 1977 when she reached the quarterfinals at the Australian Open in which she lost to second-seeded Sue Barker. At the Wimbledon Championships, she reached the third round in 1977 and 1979.

With a solid volleys and good speed, she was more successful in doubles than in singles. On the WTA Tour, she won two doubles titles with Helen Cawley in Switzerland and Austria, and she won three Avon Futures doubles titles with Bunny Bruning in North America. Fox became the singles champion at the Tasmanian Open in January 1977, defeating Lesley Bowrey in the final in three sets.

Fox played in the World Team Tennis competition in 1975 (Pittsburgh Triangles), 1976 (Cleveland Nets) and 1978 (Phoenix Racquets).

She was married to Arthur Borinsky who was a business man and marshal. In 2006 she was inducted into the MetroWest Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. Fox is currently a professional tennis coach in Chatham, New Jersey.

title: Rayni Fox


text:
лоно

Etymology
, of unclear origin. Perhaps from (obsolete) (in Slavic *-g-sno > *-xno > *-no), related to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) bosom, lap
 * 2)  interior, nucleus, inner circle (of an institution or practice)

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bosom

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  lap, bosom

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) bosom, lap also figuratively

title: лоно


text:
Cookbook:Space Cake

| Dessert | Cake

Ingredients

 * 1 cup finely-ground pure cannabis
 * 1 cup flour
 * 1 cup water
 * 1 tsp baking powder
 * 1 tbsp cocoa powder
 * 5 tbsp butter or margarine
 * 1 cup white granulated sugar

Procedure

 * 1) Preheat oven to 200°C.
 * 2) Grease a non-stick baking tray or line with parchment paper.
 * 3) Place butter and sugar in a bowl, and combine till you have a thick batter.
 * 4) Add flour, baking powder, cannabis, and cocoa powder, and combine with small amounts of water at a time until smooth. If adding any additional ingredients, add them now.
 * 5) Using a tablespoon, dollop scoops of batter on the tray, ½ inch apart from each other and sides of the tray.
 * 6) Place tray in preheated oven, and allow to bake for 10–20 minutes, until center is cooked. Pricking a toothpick in the center will let you know—if the batter sticks to the pick, it's not ready yet.
 * 7) Remove from oven, and allow to cool.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * You may wish to replace the standard butter or margarine with THC butter.
 * The cocoa powder may be omitted from the recipe if you prefer a chocolate-free version.
 * Try adding one or more of the following to the dry ingredients before adding the water:
 * 1 capful mint essence
 * ½ cup chocolate chips (goes well with the mint)
 * ½ cup coconut flakes (an additional 2 tbsp of butter and ¼ cup water may be needed here)
 * 1 dash of Kahlua, rum, or sweet brandy

title: Cookbook:Space Cake


text:
Nephopterix griseola

Nephopterix griseola is a species of snout moth in the genus Nephopterix. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1915. It is found in Algeria.

title: Nephopterix griseola


text:
Andrew–Safford House

Owned by the Peabody Essex Museum, the Andrew–Safford House (13 Washington Square). Built in 1819 and was designed in the Federal style by an unknown architect for a wealthy Russian fur merchant. It is reputed to have been the most costly house erected in New England at the time. The massive vertical façade and the four large columns rising from the ground to the third story on the south side make this one of the most impressive houses in Salem. The house is a contributing property to the Essex Institute Historic District, listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

title: Andrew–Safford House


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Paranoia (band)

The result was   delete. Rjd0060 (talk) 07:23, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

Paranoia (band)

 * – ( View AfD View log  •  Stats )

Fails WP:BAND in every sense - no charts, WP:NN labels, nobody notable in it, etc. Zero g-hits. Toddst1 (talk) 15:35, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete per WP:BAND. Brambleberry of RiverClan Mew ♠ Tail 16:09, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Spain-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 18:43, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Bands and musicians-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 18:44, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Delete Facebook, Youtube and Myspace aren't reliable sources. Fails WP:GNG. --Artene50 (talk) 23:57, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete per WP:BAND.  Lugnuts  (talk) 07:28, 13 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Bonez MC

Bonez Mc
There is nothing on his child hood 2A02:C7C:E0A8:6700:10E9:5379:11A9:ACBE (talk) 20:39, 16 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bonez MC


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Competitive Sports and Young Kids

The result was   . (Discussion mooted by deletion as CV during discussion) j⚛e deckertalk 04:07, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

Competitive Sports and Young Kids

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

This is not an encyclopedic article. It is an essay with original research. Good effort but doesn't belong in Wikipedia. Aaekia (talk) 03:56, 10 February 2015 (UTC) I agree. If you don't think it meats guidlines then it doesn't. I would like it on here but if you don't think it should be then that's okay. Thank You! - Brett Raio (7:55am, 10 February 2015) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Brettraio (talk • contribs) 12:55, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * speedy delete - tagged for copyvio Deunanknute (talk) 17:36, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Health and fitness-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 18:33, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Sports-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 18:33, 11 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
St Michael's Church, Derby

St Michael's Church, Derby is a redundant parish church in the Church of England in Derby.

History
The parish church was of medieval origins; transferred to the Abbot of Derby in 1240 by Sir Rafe de Freshville. The chancel collapsed on 17 August 1856 which prompted the building of the new church starting on 1857. The foundation stone was laid by Sir William Evans, 1st Baronet on 15 April 1857, and the new building opened for worship on 8 April 1858. It was consecrated by The Lord Bishop of Lichfield John Lonsdale.

The new church retained some features from the old. Below the royal arms of Queen Anne on the east wall of the north aisle, there was some wrought ironwork possibly by Robert Bakewell, with repoussé ironwork, including a trumpet-bearing angel. The porch had two coffin slabs, one Saxon, the other 13th century. The chancel had three 18th-century wall tablets.

The new church had two stained-glass windows at the east end of the aisles by Gibbs and Co of London. The main east end window was by N. W. Lavers of London.

The church closed in 1977, and was converted into office premises and is used by Lathams.

Organ
The church contained an organ dating from 1859. The organ was enlarged to 21 stops in 1880 by Isaac Abbott of Leeds. There was later work by J. H. Adkins of Derby in 1914 and the number of stops was then 26. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.

Organists

 * C. R. Toon 1906–1938

title: St Michael's Church, Derby