text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dr. Syamaprasad Jana Jagaran Manch

The result was keep. - Bobet 21:32, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Dr. Syamaprasad Jana Jagaran Manch
Not 100% sure about this one. The article appears to be about an Indian political party, not a person. Although there are quite a few Google hits, after excluding Wiki mirrors I can only find two news articles (dated December 5, 2004) that refer to the organization. Although I'm conscious of WP:CSB, it does not yet appear to be verifiably important. Medtopic 16:13, 11 August 2006 (UTC) Withdraw nomination and weak keep on the basis of good additions by Soman. Medtopic 17:17, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment: It appears that a large number of editors were advised of this AfD from Wikipedia talk:Notice board for India-related topics; please remember that this is not a vote. I would request that those editors recommending "keep" make sure that the article conforms to Wikipedia policy. Verifiability is not optional. Per WP:RS, is there any information about the organization other than the December 2004 PTI press releases? Medtopic 16:45, 14 August 2006 (UTC) last edited 17:18, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Reply - You are wrong there. A large number of editors were informed (not advised) about this AfD through WT:INWNB and also through WP:DSI. Please have a look again at this section. Do you think it is asking anyone to vote for keep? Each person here has come to keep decision by himself. As for WP:V, it is my opinion that PTI is a credible source. The reference has been inserted. - Aksi_great (talk - review me) 17:29, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I never said anyone was advised how to vote, but rather that they were advised that the AfD existed. In fact, I was clear to use the word "recommend" and not "vote". Regardless, is there any information about this organization not dated December 2004 or not from PTI? Medtopic 18:05, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * There is this from a much later date which also confirms that such an organisation existed and does get mentioned. I searched for more but couldn't find much. - Aksi_great (talk - review me) 18:11, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Reply - Please note that there is NO doubt as to whether this entity exits . Hence the Verifiability is not at all a question. PTI in India is like Reuters. Hence it is an authenticated source. The only question over here is Notability and if a breakaway fraction of a political party is notable, then this Jagran is notable. Also we have to keep in mind that Local Newspapers (in Bengali / Hindi etc) are not searchable in Google. Another problem is the minor spelling variation (Jagran / Jagaran) that may limit the utility of Google as far as these reports are concernedDoctor Bruno 03:25, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Verifiable in its existance and verifiably important are two different things. Do you have anything else not dated December 2004, or not from PTI, that would suggest the organization is verifiably important? Medtopic 03:55, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I think this (as already pointed) is from a later date and from another source and that settles the verifiability issue. Please note that Indian articles have two problems.
 * Most of the press coverage is by the Local Media in Languages like Hindi, Tamil, Malayalam and Bengali
 * Such media reports do not have an online edition
 * If if there is an online edition, most of the reports are not in Unicode, but use their own fonts and not searchable
 * Even many of the English papers are behind a subscription and hence not retrievable
 * Any how both PTI as well as Outlook are very reputed sources and the fact that the organisation has been reported in these means that there should be no doubt regarding Verifiability, which I suppose is an objective phenomenon. (If it is verifiable by me, it should be verifiable by you.)
 * The notability, however is a subjective phenomenon and hence is for the Community to decide by ConsensusDoctor Bruno 04:18, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Notability (organizations) attempts to address the aspect of subjectivity by setting certain guidelines for what constitutes "notable". Among these: "Notability can be asserted for organizatons through... [a] significant amount of media coverage that is not trivial in nature and that deals specifically with the organization as the primary subject." Thus far we have two links that are both dated December 5, 2004 and are apparently from the same press release, and a third  dated March 8th. Certainly our standards differ on whether or not this is a "significant amount of media coverage". The assertion that information exists but we don't have access to it is problematic when building Wikipedia articles. Verifiability doesn't grant special exemptions to articles that may have a systemic bias, nor does it prevent you from citing publications that are written in other languages. Medtopic 05:06, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
 * There is no uniform system of translitteration of Indian language names into English, and therefor one has to be a bit flexible when seaching. Googling "Tapan Sikdar" + Manch OR Mancha gave some new links, which some have be included in the article. Other mentions in media are, and . I think the  notablity issue is solved now. The group is mentioned in a variety of major Indian English newspapers over a span of two years. --Soman 07:39, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Soman! These are nice additions. Medtopic 17:17, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Comment Is a political party as per http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/dec052004/i12.asp Hence follow the guidelines you follow for political partiesDoctor Bruno 18:51, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep - since it is a political organisation, formed by dissentsDoctor Bruno 13:47, 14 August 2006 (UTC) *Strong Keep as it has been shown that the organisation is covered by
 * The Hindu
 * Telegraph
 * Outlook
 * Deccan Herald

and that solves both the verifiability and notability issueDoctor Bruno 10:09, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment - This says that it is not a political party. I am not sure about this now. I will try and find out more about this party and then decide which way to vote. - Aksi_great (talk - review me) 08:08, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete - This party seems to have been founded as a publicity stunt. I cannot find any sources asserting its importance. List of political parties in India does not mention this party and that list is quite a long one. As the article was created in 2004, it may have been a product of Recentism. I may change my mind if anyone comes up with a source asserting notability. - Aksi_great (talk - review me) 08:20, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Change to weak keep - per Gurubrahma and Dwaipayanc - Aksi_great (talk - review me) 12:11, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep Does anyone actually question whether this organization exists? Secondly as per notability, this is a political organization led by a former union minister. As per the organization being 'apolitical', that is probably just an act on behalf of Sikdar to maintain an open door towards returning to the BJP. --Soman 14:48, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Abstain for now it doesn't seem to be political party, but some kind of intra-BJP association. See if it passes Notability (organizations). Babub→ Talk 15:04, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Weak keep per Soman. All the news items, btw, seem to be a release from Press Trust of India. --Gurubrahma 00:28, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep Per Soman. This is an existing political entity led by a notable political personality, though rarely in the news.--Dwaipayan (talk) 20:08, 13 August 2006 (UTC)


text:
Cookbook:Fried Chicken

Fried chicken has a dual origin in the rural American South. The Scots had a tradition of shallow cooking chicken in fat (not quite pan frying), unlike their English counterparts who baked or boiled chicken. Later, as African slaves were introduced to households as cooks, seasonings and spices were added that are absent in traditional Scottish cuisine, improving the flavor and they brought the concept of deep fat frying. Since slaves were often allowed to keep only chickens, frying chicken as a special occasion spread through the African American community. After slavery, poor rural southern blacks continued the tradition since chickens were often the only animals they could afford to raise. Since fried chicken could keep for several days, it travelled well, and also gained favor during segregation when blacks normally could not find places to eat and had to carry their own food. Southern whites also continued the tradition of frying chicken. Therefore, fried chicken continued to dominate as "Sunday dinner" or on other special occasions.

Ingredients

 * Dry ground seasonings as desired (e.g. pepper, paprika, onion powder, garlic powder, etc.)
 * 1 fryer chicken, cut up (see notes below)
 * 1 quart buttermilk
 * ½ cup salt
 * Flour
 * A quantity of oil suitable for the desired cooking method (see notes below)

Brining

 * 1) Combine all seasonings in desired quantities to make a spice rub.
 * 2) Pour the buttermilk into a bowl and dissolve in the salt.
 * 3) Piece by piece, roll the chicken around in the spice rub.
 * 4) Submerge each chicken piece in the buttermilk.
 * 5) Cover the bowl of buttermilk and chicken and refrigerate. You can get by with as few as two hours if you are in a hurry, but the flavor will suffer. You can also park it overnight, but in this case you should reduce the salt to ⅓ cup.
 * 6) Shortly before you want to cook the chicken, remove it from the buttermilk and drain. Roll it around in flour so that it is well covered in flour. Shake off the excess flour.

Deep frying
The safest cooking method is deep frying.

 * 1) Immerse chicken in 360°F oil. Cooking according to the specified time for each chicken part:
 * 2) * Breasts: 10 minutes
 * 3) * Drumsticks: 12 minutes
 * 4) * Thighs: 13–14 minutes
 * 5) * Wings: 10 minutes
 * 6) Drain the chicken on a wire rack over a sheet pan.

Pan frying
The most traditional cooking method is pan frying in a cast iron skillet. Care must be taken to avoid spilling and splattering.

 * 1) Heat enough oil (or shortening) to come 3–4 mm up the side of the pan to 325°F.
 * 2) Carefully place chicken in pan, skin side down. Cook until brown (10–12 minutes). Turn over and cook other side. Doing this will require some careful placement in the pan so as to cook the slow-cooking meat (such as thighs) more intensely than the fast-cooking meat (such as wings and breasts).
 * 3) Drain the chicken on a wire rack over a sheet pan.

Pressure frying
Pressure frying gives excellent results, but special equipment is needed. A typical pressure cooker is not suitable for cooking with large quantities of oil; a pressure fryer must be used. Follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully.

 * 1) Put the chicken pieces into hot oil (larger pieces first) and fry about 3 minutes until very light brown. Then put on the lid and lock it.
 * 2) Cook at a pressure of 5–6 pounds for about 7 minutes.
 * 3) Drain the chicken on a wire rack over a sheet pan.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * The key to this recipe is the buttermilk brine, which seasons the chicken with a salty tanginess inside. Combined with a suitably zingy spice rub, this works out beautifully.
 * This recipe is death to oil, so it's one you might want to save until you're thinking about changing your fryer oil anyway.
 * As with all respectable fried chicken recipes, this recipe may be even better 24 hours after you cook it, when the chicken has been refrigerated.
 * If you can get a pre-cut chicken, this is ultimately easier. Alternatively, if you have a real preference for drumsticks, thighs, breasts, or some other part, feel free to buy just those. The quantities in the ingredient list, however, reflect two breasts, two thighs, and two drumsticks. Don't waste the other parts on fried chicken; save them for chicken soup! But if you like fried chicken wings, increase the quantities a bit.
 * If you are kosher, lactose intolerant, not fond of buttermilk, or feeling experimental, feel free to play around with other possible brines here. If you use a less viscous liquid than buttermilk, however, you may need to use an egg wash to make sure that the flour sticks to the chicken in sufficient quantity.
 * Wings can also be saved, along with other leftover bits of carcass, to make chicken soup.
 * Personal preference chooses which spice to use as a base. A paprika-based rub works very well for this recipe, but others will work just fine. Cumin or curry powder would also both be good choices. You can use rosemary powder and green bell pepper powder in order to give a more mediterranean taste to fried chicken.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cookbook:Fried Chicken


text:
Françonne

La Françonne is a creek situated north of Mirabel-aux-Baronnies in France, department Drôme, and to the east of the former Jewish quarter called les Josiols. This quarter existed until 1348, when the inhabitants of Les Josiols were assassinated due to rumours that they had caused the outbreak of the pest in Mirabel by poisoning the wells. The Jews themselves were said not to suffer from the pest as they drank water from the creek Françonne. Françonne is also the name of the site situated east of Les Josiols, the creek passing in between.

The Françonne joins the Gaude River, a contributor of the Eygues River.

Actual situation
The Françonne is nowadays a small creek of about one meter width, since the flood of 1992 the borders have not been flooded anymore.

For more information
1. P. Olivier-Elliott: Les Baronnies, ISBN 2-7449-0266-7 2. Claude Leone-Chanot: Mirabel aux Baronnies, ISBN 2-903044-85-6 3. www.mirabelauxbaronnies.fr

title: Françonne


text:
Template:Courts and tribunals disestablished in century category header/doc

Creates a category of the form "Courts and tribunals disestablished in the nth century",

e.g.
 * Category:Courts and tribunals disestablished in the 13th century
 * Category:Courts and tribunals disestablished in the 20th century

Usage
No parameters needed


text:
Talk:Paul E. Debevec

Paul Debevec released some papers under the name Paul E. Debevec ( http://www.debevec.org/Publications/ ), and at least one page in Wikipedia uses this name. --Abdull 17:47, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Paul E. Debevec


text:
Talk:Betway

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Betway. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20150701200717/http://rga.eu.com.80bola.com/pages/en/members-of-the-rga.html to http://rga.eu.com.80bola.com/pages/en/members-of-the-rga.html

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 19:35, 26 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Betway. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150222060827/https://spillemyndigheden.dk/liste-over-tilladelsesindehavere-v%C3%A6ddem%C3%A5l-og-onlinekasino to https://spillemyndigheden.dk/liste-over-tilladelsesindehavere-v%C3%A6ddem%C3%A5l-og-onlinekasino
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150312080428/http://www.agenziadoganemonopoli.gov.it/wps/wcm/connect/Internet/ed/Monopoli/Giochi/Gioco_distanza/gioco_dist_concessionari/?pager=2&CACHE=NONE to http://www.agenziadoganemonopoli.gov.it/wps/wcm/connect/Internet/ed/Monopoli/Giochi/Gioco_distanza/gioco_dist_concessionari/?pager=2&CACHE=NONE

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:28, 19 July 2017 (UTC)

Some proposed changes
Dear Editors, I am looking to bring the Betway pages up to date with new sponsorships and charitable partnerships that have been added this year. I have a declared COI with Betway on my user page as a current employee in the Betway Group and suggest the edits simply out of accuracy. Hopefully you find everything in order but happy to take advice from the community. The below I would request be added to the current entry.

Since the beginning of 2018 Betway has added a growing number of teams and events to its sponsorship stable both in the UK and other countries. In February Betway agreed to support the ESL’s Intel Extreme Masters and ESL One events. Betway also sponsors the CS:GO Pro League, as well as the ESL One Cologne. It further expanded its esports sponsorship by becoming a founding partner of CS:Go legends MiBR (Made in Brazil) in June 2018 which was shortly followed by announcing its support, as a main sponsor, of FACEIT London Major, the first Counter Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO) Major event to take place in the United Kingdom. The event takes place in London in September 2018.

In football Betway took its first foray into both the Spanish and Italian leagues with sponsorship deals signed with La Liga side Levante, Leganes and Alaves in Spain, while in Italy it became the training kit sponsor of Seria A giants Roma.

In cricket Betway announced it was to become the official betting partner of Cricket West Indies men and women's sides from the summer of 2018, and in horse racing Betway announced its first major sponsorship in Ireland by supporting three races on Super Saturday at Galway Races.

In line with Gambling Commission guidelines Betway supports GambleAware, as well as BetKnowMore, The Gordon Moody Association and The Young Gamblers Education Trust (YGam). It also supports the nationwide GamStop initiative in the UK

-END- (Middyman (talk) 13:37, 14 September 2018 (UTC)) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Middyman (talk • contribs) 13:37, 14 September 2018 (UTC)

Reply 14-SEP-2018
Your edit request could not be reviewed because the provided references are not formatted correctly. The citation style predominantly used by the Betway article is Citation Style 1. The citation style used in the edit request consists of bare URL's. Any requested edit of yours which may be implemented will need to resemble the current style already in use in the article – in this case, CS1 (See WP:CITEVAR). This would not normally be a problem in a request of a smaller size, whereas larger requests would be expected to have this formatting done before the request is submitted for review. In the extended section below titled Citation Style, I have illustrated two examples: one showing how the edit request was submitted, and another showing how requests should be submitted in the future:

Plain Reference Style Formatting: The sun is pretty big. The moon is not so big. The sun is also quite hot.

Displays as: The sun is pretty big.[1] The moon is not so big.[2] The sun is also quite hot.[3]

References

1. 2.  3.

In the example above there are three URL's provided with the claim statements, but these URL's have not been placed using Citation Style 1, which is the style predominantly used by the Betway article. Using this style, the WikiFormatted text would resemble the following:

Citation Style 1 Formatting: The sun is pretty big, but the moon is not so big. The sun is also quite hot. Displays as: The sun is pretty big,[1] but the moon is not so big.[2] The sun is also quite hot.[3]

References

^ Sjöblad, Tristan. . Academic Press, 2018, p. 1. ^ Duvalier, Gabrielle. , Scientific American, 51(78):46. ^ Uemura, Shū. . Academic Press, 2018, p. 2.

In the example above the references have been formatted according to Citation Style 1, which shows the author, the source's name, date, etc., all information which is lost when only the links are provided. As I indicated above, since Wikipedia is a volunteer project, larger edit requests such yours are generally expected to have this formatting done before the request is submitted for review.

Kindly rewrite your edit request so that it aligns more with the second example shown in the collapsed section above, and feel free to re-submit that edit request at your earliest convenience. If you have any questions about this formatting please don't hesitate to ask myself or another editor. Regards,  spintendo   18:18, 14 September 2018 (UTC)

Edit request update
Hopefully the below helps - and thank you for the guidance thus far (Middyman (talk) 15:18, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

Since the beginning of 2018 Betway has added the following teams and events to its sponsorship stable. In eSports they agreed to support the ESL’s Intel Extreme Masters and ESL One events while announcing the sponsorship of the [|CS:GO] Pro League, as well as the ESL One Cologne It further expanded its eSports sponsorship by becoming a founding partner of CS:Go legends MiBR in June 2018 which was shortly followed by announcing its support, as a main sponsor, of FACEIT London Major, the first Counter Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO) Major event to take place in the United Kingdom. In August 2018 Betway took its first steps into the Dota2 market by signing up Invictus Gaming In football they signed partnership agreements with teams from both the Spanish and Italian leagues. La Liga sides [|Levante], CD Leganes  and Deportivo Alaves received shirt sponsorship, while in Italy Seria A giants A.S. Roma signed a kit sponsorship deal. In cricket they became the official betting partner of Cricket West Indies men and women's sides from the summer of 2018, and in horse racing Betway announced its first major sponsorship in Ireland by supporting three races on Super Saturday at Galway Races. In line with the UK Gambling Commission guidelines Betway supports GambleAware, as well as BetKnowMore, The Gordon Moody Association and The Young Gamblers Education Trust (YGam). It also supports the nationwide GamStop initiative in the UK (Middyman (talk) 15:12, 19 September 2018 (UTC))

Reply 16:36, 25 September 2018 (UTC)
Your request does place the URL's within ref tags, but unfortunately, ref tags alone do not make use of the citation style predominantly used by the Betway article, which in this case, is Citation Style 1. That style adds more to the ref tags through the placing of its template, for example, with a website reference:" As you can see above, the system places more than just URL's between the ref tags. Other important information is entered, which ends up displaying in the references as:" As you can see in the references section under your edit request, the section contains only numbers and nothing else. The goal should be to have the listed sources in the references section looking more like they do in my example. Please refer to this page for further guidance on implementing the system within your edit requests.  Spintendo   16:36, 25 September 2018 (UTC)

Does the text above the company logo need to be changed to the company name?
In my opinion, the 'gambling game' text above the company logo should be changed to the name of the company. Xboxsponge15 (talk) 22:45, 15 December 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 9 July 2024
Change to intro:

Betway is a British gambling company founded in 2006. Its product offering includes sports betting, online casino, online poker, and online bingo. Business operations are led from its headquarters in Malta, alongside satellite offices in London, Guernsey, and Cape Town. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:01, 9 July 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 9 July 2024 (2)
Infobox changes:

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:07, 9 July 2024 (UTC)

✅ Added key people and products to infobox Jiltedsquirrel (talk) 01:19, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Betway


text:
Race-based traumatic stress

Race-based traumatic stress is the traumatic response to stress following a racial encounter. Robert T. Carter's (2007) theory of race-based traumatic stress implies that there are individuals of color who experience racial discrimination as traumatic, and often generate responses similar to post-traumatic stress. Race-based traumatic stress combines theories of stress, trauma and race-based discrimination to describe a particular response to negative racial encounters.

Despite the limited research that examines race-based traumatic stress specifically, trauma research suggests that an individual's response to a stressor is highly dependent on that person's perception of the stressor; what one person may experience as traumatic, another person may not experience as such. These differing responses have been found to be strongly associated with each individual's ability to cope with the said stressor. According to Carter, a professor at Columbia University, race-based traumatic stress is an individual's response to racial discrimination as traumatic or outside of their ability to cope. Race-based traumatic stress can be experienced both directly and indirectly and can occur on an interpersonal level, institutional level, or cultural level. As such, research indicates that race-based traumatic stress can be demonstrated as a number of negative outcomes, including psychopathological symptoms, social inequities, and internalized racial oppression.

Research has indicated that children, as well as adults, can experience and be impacted by the reaches of race-based traumatic stress. Through direct experience from peers and/or authority figures, as well as indirectly through media exposure and/or bearing witness to the racial discrimination of their parents, research suggests children of color are particularly vulnerable to race-based traumatic stress.

Effects
Despite the popular understanding that race is a socially-based construct, research indicates that it has critical social implications and plays a role in the way individuals navigate society. Race-based traumatic stress is viewed as a consequence of racially motivated discrimination, exclusion, and unjust treatment. Racial discrimination can be interpersonal, institutional/structural, and/or cultural. At the interpersonal level, race-based traumatic stress occurs when an individual directly experiences race-based prejudice from another person. Institutional racial discrimination occurs at the hands of trusted or imperative social structures of power in society that for example, may withhold services or resources from people of color. Lastly, on a cultural level, racial discrimination occurs when non-Eurocentric cultures are devalued or viewed as inferior.

Additionally, research indicates that racial discrimination can be experienced both overtly and covertly. On an overt level, people of color are targeted in an intentionally blatant manner due to their racial identities. In contrast, covert racial discrimination, often termed microaggressions, often come in the form of subtle messages, whether intentional or not, and demonstrate malicious, invalidating, or disparaging meaning for people of color. With the frequency at which race-based discrimination is found to occur, on both overt and covert levels, some individuals may experience re-traumatization.

Models
The Race-Based Traumatic Stress Model (RBTSM) is a model which outlines the different emotional responses individuals have following race-based encounters. Despite being linked to a variety of outcomes including psychopathology, Carter (2007) believes this response is more of an emotional injury than a pathological one. The model emphasizes Carter's distinction between two forms of racism: discrimination and harassment. It follows that discrimination-based racism is linked to hyperarousal and hypervigilance while consequences of harassment-based racism, such as complex emotional reactions, tend to have a long-lasting impact.

Outcomes
Research indicates that different forms of racial discrimination, such as interpersonal, institutional, and cultural are often associated with specific types of outcomes in people of color. Interpersonal racial discrimination, for example, has been found to have more of an effect at the individual level, often demonstrated in mental health symptoms such as trauma, anxiety, depression, stress, and even physiological symptoms such as hypertension. Racial discrimination at the institutional level has been found to result in social inequities for people of color such as higher rates of incarceration, health disparities, and educational difficulties. Cultural racial discrimination has been found to be associated with internalized racism, often resulting in individuals devaluing their own culture in ways such as denouncing their cultural heritage and values and/or internalizing negative stereotypical beliefs associated with their own racial group. Additionally, research indicates that the internalization of racial oppression can lead to feelings of shame and malice. However, the experience of racial discrimination is complex and its various forms often overlap and lead to a number of psychological, social, and physiological outcomes.

Children
Children are particularly vulnerable to the detrimental effects of race-based traumatic stress, as research indicates that oftentimes they lack the coping strategies needed to overcome these experiences. Research indicates that children can be affected by these stressors both indirectly and directly, through experiences with racially charged interactions or through intergenerational transmission. Racial victimization can result in cross-generational trauma; where children can witness their caregivers either experience race-based discrimination or children can experience the effects of the race-based discrimination for their caregivers. Caregiver's experience of race-based traumatic stress can be displayed in actions such as increased substance use, an increase in delinquency or violence which can lead to incarceration, and mental health difficulties which can impair attachment and parenting strategies. Research suggests that the stressors associated with racial discrimination are chronic and impact multiple areas of development for children such as cognitive, biological and psychosocial.

Research implies that children can experience race-based stressors in the form of bullying through verbal comments about their racial identity, physically in the form of violence, or interpersonally, through acts against them such as being excluded from activities. Children can experience verbal attacks that can include teasing concerning distinct aspects of their identity such as physical appearance, beliefs, cultural aspects, accents, language barriers, and acculturation levels. In addition to experiences with peers, children can be targeted by negative interactions with authority figures such as teachers or school staff questioning their capabilities or making verbalizations discouraging their goals.

Outcomes
Given that children have limited coping strategies and cognitive resources to deal with race-based discrimination, research suggests that these experiences can be internalized as traumatic and associated with the development of mental health disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, it is indicated that discrimination experienced in childhood may lead to low self-esteem, difficulties with academic performance, and increased externalizing behaviors such as acting out, defiance, anger, mistrust, and internalizing behaviors such as depression or anxiety.

Furthermore, recent findings suggest that children who experience race-based discrimination from peers have increased difficulty with establishing a confident personality, as social interactions and social categories affect their self-esteem and overall self-view. Peer interactions and establishing a social self is an aspect of development that is significant during childhood, therefore experiences with peers can have a significant impact. Getting negative verbalization from either peers or authority figures can lead to internalization of the stereotypes and beliefs about their own race and can lead to difficulties with accepting oneself and adopting beliefs that they are not capable of accomplishing goals. Research suggests that these experiences can impact their self-esteem and overall worldview.

Assessment
The lack of research on race-based traumatic stress is in part due to the fact that it is difficult to recognize or assess because there is no clear link associated with experiencing racial discrimination and the development of psychological difficulties in response to the racial encounter. Currently, no diagnoses account for trauma associated with race-based interactions and experiences, and limited assessments accurately assess for experiences of racial discrimination. The Race-Based Traumatic Stress Symptom Scale (RBTSSS) is an assessment that has been developed in order to address this lack of appropriate assessments. The RBTSSS utilizes open-ended questions related to three experiences of racism that each individual has encountered. Individuals are then prompted to identify whether the experience was emotionally painful, sudden, and not in their control. Individuals choose one of these experiences and address questions related to feelings after the event, which fall within the following subscales: Anger, Depression, Intrusion, Hypervigilance, Physical, Low self-esteem, and Avoidance. Use of tools such as the RBTSSS is recommended in order to address distress associated with race-based traumatic stress.

Treatment
The little research on race-based traumatic stress suggests that treatment can focus on the symptoms associated with the experiences such as hyperarousal, low self-esteem, hyper vigilance, substance use, and engagement in risky-behavior. Furthermore, highlighting protective factors, such as support from friends and family, positive outlook, and engagement in extracurricular activities can increase feelings of being included in the community. Research suggests that future goals for improved treatment of race-based traumatic stress can include specialized training for mental health professionals to increase the professional's capabilities of having discussions about race and discrimination and exploring the impact on each individual's life. Furthermore, research indicates that in addition to addressing the common symptoms associated with mental health disorders, clinicians can focus on exploring and addressing the direct impact of race-based traumatic stress.

While seeking treatment from a mental health professional is an option, other research highlights racial socialization which is a concept that can be used by individuals to teach their children to cope with race-based stress. This concept pertains to parents having discussions with their children outside of therapy about situations where they may encounter discrimination due to their race. The goal of these discussions is to build the child's skills that will help them approach the discriminatory experiences they may face in the future.

title: Race-based traumatic stress


text:
Talk:Secaucus (album)

<^>v!!This album is connected!!v<^>

 * All song titles serve as redirects to this album, have their own pages, or have been placed at the appropriate disambiguation pages.--Hraefen Talk 21:26, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Secaucus.JPG
Image:Secaucus.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 12:44, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Secaucus (album)


text:
User:Ashbennett/sandbox

The government of the City and County of San Francisco utilizes the "strong mayor" form of mayoral/council government, composed of the Mayor, Board of Supervisors, several elected officers, and numerous other entities. It is the only consolidated city-county in California, and one of only thirteen charter counties of California. The fiscal year 2017–18 city and county budget was approximately $10 billion.

Organization
San Francisco utilizes the "strong mayor" form of mayoral/council government, composed of the mayor, Board of Supervisors, several elected officers, and numerous other entities. San Francisco voters use ranked-choice voting to elect the mayor, supervisors, and other elective officers.

Current Mayor
The Mayor of San Francisco is the head of the executive branch of the city and county government. The mayor has the responsibility to enforce all city laws, administer and coordinate city departments and intergovernmental activities, set forth policies and agendas to the Board of Supervisors, and prepare and submit the city budget at the end of each fiscal year. The mayor has the powers to either approve or veto bills passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, participate in meetings of the Board of Supervisors and its committees, appoint a replacement to fill vacancies in all city elected offices until elections, appoint a member of the Board as acting mayor in his/her absence, and to direct personnels in the case of emergency. The mayor serves a four-year term and is limited to two successive terms. If the mayor dies or resigns, the President of the Board of Supervisors assumes the office, as Dianne Feinstein did after the assassination of George Moscone in 1978.

==== Mayors of San Francisco ====
 * John W. Geary - 1850
 * Charles James Brenham - 1851;1852
 * Stephen Randall Harris - 1852
 * C. K. Garrison - 1853
 * Stephen Palfrey Webb - 1854
 * James Van Ness - 1855
 * George J. Whelan - 1856
 * Ephraim Willard Burr - 1856
 * Henry F. Teschemacher - 1859
 * Henry Perrin Coon - 1863
 * Frank McCoppin - 1867
 * Thomas Henry Selby - 1869
 * William Alvord - 1871
 * James Otis - 1873
 * George Hewston - 1875
 * Andrew Jackson Bryant - 1875
 * Isaac Smith Kalloch - 1879
 * Maurice Carey Blake - 1881
 * Washington Bartlett - 1883
 * Edward B. Pond - 1887
 * George Henry Sanderson - 1891
 * Levi Richard Ellert - 1893
 * Adolph Sutro - 1985
 * James D. Phelan - 1897
 * Eugene Schmitz - 1902
 * Charles Boxton - 1907
 * Edward Robeson Taylor - 1907
 * P. H. McCarthy - 1910
 * James Rolph - 1912
 * Angelo Joseph Rossi - 1931
 * Roger Lapham - 1944
 * Elmer Robinson - 1948
 * George Christopher - 1956
 * John F. Shelley - 1964
 * Joseph Alioto - 1968
 * George Moscone - 1976
 * Dianne Feinstein - 1978
 * Art Agnos - 1988
 * Frank Jordan - 1992
 * Willie Brown (politician) - 1996
 * Gavin Newsom - 2004
 * Edwin M. Lee - 2011

Board of Supervisors
The legislative body is composed of the 11-member Board of Supervisors which acts as both a board of supervisors and a city council, with "[a]ll rights and powers of a City and County which are not vested in another officer or entity" by the charter. The Board of Supervisors is headed by a president and is responsible for passing laws and budgets. The members of the Board of Supervisors are elected as representatives of specific districts within the city.

Other elected officers
In addition, there are other citywide elected officers of San Francisco:

Departments and agencies
Entities under the authority of the Board of Supervisors include the: Entities under the authority of the San Francisco County Superior Court include the: Entities under the authority of the City Administrator include the: • Academy of Sciences
 * Assessment Appeals Board
 * San Francisco County Transportation Authority
 * San Francisco Youth Commission
 * Clerk of the Board of Supervisors
 * Budget and Legislative Analyst
 * Office of Legislative Analyst
 * San Francisco Local Agency Formation Commission
 * Sunshine Ordinance Task Force
 * Adult Probation

• San Francisco International Airport

• San Francisco Arts Commission

• Asian Art Museum

• Office of Economic and Workforce Development

• Department of Emergency Management

• Environment Commission

• * Department of the Environment

• General Services Agency

• * Animal Care and Control

• * Convention Facilities Management

• * County Clerk

• * Medical Examiner

• * San Francisco Department of Public Works

• * Purchaser / Office of Contract Administration

• * Real Estate Division

• * Department of Technology

• Department of Children, Youth and Families

• Civil Service Commission

• Fine Arts Museums

• Fire Commission

• * San Francisco Fire Department

• Health Commission

• * Department of Public Health

• Human Resources

• San Francisco Human Rights Commission

• Human Services Agency

• Juvenile Probation Commission

• * Juvenile Probation Department

• Law Library Board of Trustees

• San Francisco Public Library

• San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency

• Port of San Francisco

• San Francisco Public Utilities Commission

• Residential Rent Board

• Employees' Retirement System

• Recreation and Park Commission

• * San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department

• Commission on the Status of Women

• * Department on the Status of Women

• War MemorialIndependent and semi-independent entities include the: •  Board of Appeals

• Building Inspection Commission

• * Department of Building Inspection

• Child Support Services

• Controller

• Elections Commission

• * Department of Elections

• Entertainment Commission

• San Francisco Ethics Commission

• Health Service System

• Planning Commission

• * Planning Department

• San Francisco Police Commission

• * San Francisco Police Department

• * Office of Citizen Complaints

• Small Business Commission

• * Office of Small Business

• Redevelopment Agency

• Treasure Island Development AuthorityOther entities and programs include:• #

• 311 Customer Service Center

• A

• Access Appeals Commission

• Animal Control and Welfare Commission

• Asthma Task Force

• B

• Back Streets Business Advisory Board

• Ballot Simplification Committee

• Bicycle Advisory Committee

• Biosciences Task Force

• Board of Supervisors

• Budget Analyst's Office

• Building Inspection SRO Task Force, Department of

• C

• Citizens' General Obligation Bond Oversight Committee

• City Administrator, Office of

• City Attorney

• City College of San Francisco

• City Hall Preservation Advisory Commission

• Civic Engagement & Immigrant Affairs, Office of

• Civil Grand Jury

• Code Advisory Commission

• Committee On Information Technology

• D

• E

• Examiners, Board of

• F

• Film Commission

• G

• H

• Historic Preservation Commission

• Housing Authority

• I

• Immigrant Rights Commission

• J

• Jury Commissioner (Jury Duty)

• K

• L

• Labor Standards Enforcement, Office of

• Library Citizens Advisory Committee

• Local Homeless Coordinating Board

• M

• Marijuana Offenses Oversight Committee

• Medical Cannabis Task Force

• N

• Non-Profit Contracting Task Force

• O

• P

• Power Plant Task Force

• Presidio Neighborhood Representative Work Group

• Presidio & CCSF Transportation Work Group

• Public Finance, Office of

• Q

• R

• Real Estate Fraud Prosecution Trust Fund Committee

• Redistricting Task Force

• Relocation Appeals Board

• S

• San Francisco Fair Lending Working Group

• School District, San Francisco Unified

• SFGovTV - Cable TV (Government Access)

• Shelter Monitoring Committee

• Southeast Community Facility Commission

• State Legislation Committee

• T

• U

• Unreinforced Masonry Appeals Board

• Utility Undergrounding Task Force

• V

• Veterans' Affairs Commission

• Voting Systems Task Force

• W

• Western SoMa Citizens Planning Task Force

• X

• Y

• Z

• Zoo, San Francisco

• Zoo Committee, Joint

Taxes
As of November 2010, San Francisco's sales tax rate was 9.5%, distributed as follows:
 * 8.25% - State
 * 6.00% - State - General Fund
 * 0.25% - State - Fiscal Recovery Fund
 * 0.50% - State - Local Revenue Fund
 * 0.50% - State - Local Public Safety Fund
 * 1.00% - Bradley-Burns Uniform Local Tax Law
 * 0.25% - Local County - Transportation funds
 * 0.75% - Local City/County - Operational funds
 * 0.50% - AB 1077 (1977) Transportation formula - Bay Area Rapid Transit, San Francisco Municipal Railway, AC Transit
 * 0.50% - Local/regional transportation
 * Proposition B (1989) - 1989-2009: SF County Transportation Authority (60% transit including San Francisco Municipal Railway, 30% street and traffic safety, 8% paratransit, 2% transportation system management.
 * Proposition K (2003) - 2009-2034: Different formula for local streets and local and regional public transit.
 * 0.25% - San Francisco Unified School District

Budget
The fiscal year 2007-08 city and county budget is as follows:

Law
The government of the City and County of San Francisco is defined by the Charter of the City and County of San Francisco, which is similar to the other counties of California. Pursuant to its charter, San Francisco causes to be published several codified version of its ordinances and regulations, the San Francisco Municipal Codes. Every act prohibited or declared unlawful, and every failure to perform an act required, by the ordinances are misdemeanor crimes, unless otherwise specified as infractions.

San Franciscans also make use of direct ballot initiatives to pass legislation.

San Francisco's municipal authority extends beyond city/county limits through its operation of the San Francisco International Airport and the vast tracts of land supporting the Hetch Hetchy Water System.

Health Commission
The Department of Public Health works through two Divisions of the government - the San Francisco Health Network and Population Health and Prevention. The San Francisco Health Networks includes the health system with locations at multiple hospitals and primary care centers. The Population Health and Prevention Division focuses on the communities in SF and consists of three branches - Community Health and Safety Branch, Community Health Promotion and Prevention Branch, and the Community Health Services Branch.

San Francisco plague of 1900 - 1904
In the 1890’s San Francisco received heavy ship traffic from Asian cities that were currently dealing with the bubonic plague. In 1989 a ship from Hong Kong was found to have two cases of bubonic plague on board, the bodies washed up on the bay later, but no immediate outbreak occurred at this initial finding. In 1900 a city health officer autopsied a Chinese man and found evidence of the plague. With Anti-Chinese feelings already running rampant throughout the city the Department of Public Health quickly moved to quarantine Chinatown. Initially the quarantine was protested, not to protect the Chinese, but because of fear and doubt that the plague was indeed in the city. Mayor at the time, James D. Phelan, had created the board of health which included multiple doctors on the board, he demanded that the board of health have 100 physicians search the 12 block area that made up Chinatown for more cases of the plague. When more victims were found the city Board of Health announced the plague and the Chinatown quarantine was again set into place.

Health officials shut down Chinese-owned businesses and any Chinese attempting to leave the city had to go through inoculation first with an experimental drug, this led to the court case between Mr. Wong Wai and the Department of Public Health. Mr. Wai won the court case and the Department of Public Health was ordered to stop the inoculations but city officials got the support from the board of supervisors to continue. Health authorities also attempted to set up a detention camp for those of Asian descent on Mission Rock in the Bay but the idea was protested and shot down, partially due to fear about opening admitting the plague in San Francisco.

Fear of the plague and prejudice against the Chinese was so high that many City officials debated burning down Chinatown. The idea was talked about with popularity, especially since this had been done in Honolulu. To prevent their homes from being burnt down and to get the quarantine broken the Chinese banded together the Chinese Six Companies, multiple attorneys, and China’s minister (diplomat). Together, they were ultimately able to get the quarantine lifted again, this was again in part due to the government’s fear of publicly confirming plague.

Health authorities from twenty-one states eventually passes a resolution about California’s neglect of duties to take care of the plague in San Francisco and threatened to close all trade with California. This caused San Francisco businessmen to take action and brought together the Chamber of Commerce, Board of Trade, Merchants’ Association, and other civil rights groups in the city to clear San Francisco of plague. The city was purged of plague due to the efforts of these groups along with the Marine Hospital Service,health officials of San Francisco and new governor, George C. Pardee.

Other governments
In addition, several regional governmental units in San Francisco operate independently of the municipal government. Five regional agencies—the Association of Bay Area Governments, Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Bay Area Air Quality Management District, San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board, and Bay Conservation and Development Commission—have jurisdiction over San Francisco and the other Bay Area counties, and San Francisco appoints representatives to their governing boards.

There are several school districts that are co-extensive with San Francisco. The San Francisco Unified School District is governed by the elected seven-member San Francisco Board of Education. The community college district of the City College of San Francisco is governed by an elected seven-member Board of Trustees.

Several transit agencies provide transit service within San Francisco and adjacent counties, including the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART), of which residents elect Board of Directors for districts 7, 8, and 9, Golden Gate Transit, Caltrain, the San Francisco Bay Area Water Emergency Transportation Authority, and the Metropolitan Transportation Commission. Also notable are the independent police forces of the University of California, San Francisco and the Park Police of the Presidio Trust and the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.

The San Francisco Democratic Central Committee (SFDCC), the governing body of the San Francisco Democratic Party, is a county central committee of the California Democratic Party for San Francisco. The SFDCC is elected from the two Assembly districts in San Francisco and consists of 24 members, with a 14/10 member split between the two Assembly districts based on number of registered Democrats.

title: User:Ashbennett/sandbox


text:
ajoittaminen

Noun

 * 1) timing, scheduling
 * 2) dating, determining the age of something
 * 1) dating, determining the age of something

title: ajoittaminen


text:
Talk:Deborra-Lee Furness

Source for her birth date?
Anonymous editors keep changing her date of birth back and forth between 1955 and 1960. Does anyone have a reliable source for either of these dates?

 * On Katie Couric's daytime show Hugh Jackman said she was 8 years older than him, making her birth in or around 1960. -- — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 00:23, 19 December 2012

in IMDB it's been set to 1960. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:13, 23 May 2008 (UTC) Recent article states age as 52 http://www.smh.com.au/news/people/we-are-family/2008/06/07/1212259194227.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:52, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

I'm one of those changing it to it's correct date, 1955, except I'm wrong and it's 1956. Clearly IMDB is going to have info from her agent - biased. The Age & SMH article is right, she is 52. What's the problem with that? I have endeavoured to find out officially (i.e. so that the 'other' person will believe me) but short of forcing her to show me her passport what can I do? Privacy legislation would stop everyone else telling us. I will keep changing it back to 1956 if it is changed again. love Ossberto —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ossberto (talk • contribs) 22:26, 26 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Everyone needs to stop edit warring over the birth year. This sterile edit war has been going on since at least November 2006! Just cut it out already. If we aren't sure of some biographical detail in a biography of living people, then we remove it. Edit warring over it is not acceptable. I don't know what you mean by finding out "officially" but even if you went and asked her herself, it's still not acceptable for Wikipedia. We only use reliable and verifiable third party sources and for BLPs the sourcing needs to be high quality. Anything that's user generated content like IMDB is not acceptable sourcing for a bio. In any event, I've removed the year. There's no 'rule' that says we have to include someone's year of birth and if we don't know or we aren't totally sure and there are conflicting sources then it's far better to simply leave it out. Sarah 01:37, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

Sarah that is a good point. I was not intending to have a war; rather I was trying to prevent disinformation. Thanks for your fix. Ossberto June 28th 2008

In case this may be of assistance ... I am able to contribute the information that Deborra-Lee was in the same graduating class as my sister at Methodist Ladies College here in Melbourne in 1973. My sister was born in November 1956, and was one of the youngest in her year level. So Deborra-Lee would be at least 52. My sister tells me Deborra-Lee is actually a year older than she is, which would make the correct birth year 1955 not 1956. However I have no documented evidence to confirm this. I saw reference to the MLC connection online at http://www.inquisitr.com/8958/does-deborra-lee-furness-make-hugh-jackman-great/. However this is a blog site, so I assume not a verifiable source. The information I have contributed (ie my sister's knowledge) may also not be considered a verifiable source in terms of the Wikipedia guidelines - so I was not about to make any changes to the encyclopedia pages. No doubt the facts of the matter could be confirmed through further offline research. All I have done to date is check the MLC past collegian website, via my own log in, but Deborra-Lee is not listed anywhere in the past student archives there. For the time being, I thought perhaps it might be helpful at least to add the information to this talk page, which came up in a search. Rayhjay (talk) 03:50, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

 * IMDB has changed their statements of the year 1960 to the year 1955! Christian47 (talk) 22:31, 5 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Well, it seems that the issue is settled then. Even the IMDB admits now it is 1955. Mr. D. E. Mophon (talk) 07:32, 29 July 2011 (UTC)\

I'm going with 1902

I can add her exact birthday... it was on the australian programme "this is your life", when Wendi Murdoch congratulated her with the word "we share our birthdays"... so, Wendi Deng Murdoch's birthday is the 8th of December...

As long as the show is still in youtube available everybody can have a look on your own and check it out... — Preceding unsigned comment added by Schokolatina (talk • contribs) 11:13, 17 March 2012 (UTC)

This user Tenebrae keeps eliminating the birthdate or any mention of age on Furness' page. I am wondering if he/she is a press agent for Furness and trying to omit the birthday. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Drywater2k (talk • contribs) 06:15, 16 January 2013 (UTC)

 * No, I am not an agent or publicist for anyone. Wikipedia demands reliable-source citations, and IMDb is a wikia that is not considered a reliable source for footnote references. And the policy at Biographies of Living Persons is strict in saying that we cannot make personal claims about living people without proper, reliable, quality sourcing. Everything is here in these blue-linked policies. We can't include anyone's birth date, birth place, statements about family or medical conditions, etc. without impeccable citation.--Tenebrae (talk) 20:51, 16 January 2013 (UTC)

 * For what that's worth, isn't the birthday less interesting than the family she came from? She has no mother or father here, and what sort of business they were in ..... I always find that the family background of people is more interesting than their exact birthday. Never mind, the secrecy points to secret service. 2001:8003:A070:7F00:C18A:F335:E865:C34 (talk) 04:51, 30 September 2020 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Deborra-lee Furness. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121116013657/http://www.adoptionawarenessweek.com.au/KeyPeople to http://www.adoptionawarenessweek.com.au/KeyPeople

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 17:30, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 external links on Deborra-lee Furness. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130424035707/http://www.aada.org/pdf/alumni/americada_2008_02.pdf to http://www.aada.org/pdf/alumni/americada_2008_02.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140201210639/http://www.npc.org.au/speakerarchive/deborra-lee-furness1.html to http://www.npc.org.au/speakerarchive/deborra-lee-furness1.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130516152917/https://www.lighthousefoundation.org.au/board--ambassadors-and-patrons.html to http://www.lighthousefoundation.org.au/board--ambassadors-and-patrons.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140202162951/http://www.filmaidinternational.net/who/advisory.shtml to http://www.filmaidinternational.net/who/advisory.shtml
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110823085908/http://www.adoptionawarenessweek.com.au/ to http://www.adoptionawarenessweek.com.au/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:19, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

BLP violations
As I explained in two edit summaries, the "cites" for her birthdate were absolutely false. I found a cite for Nov. 30, with her husband Hugh Jackman saying it publicly on Today on 29 November 2018. But if we're going to state a year, WP:BLP requires an WP:RS citation.--2604:2000:1382:C5DD:C068:CE9D:D43F:C9C (talk) 13:49, 4 December 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Deborra-Lee Furness


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File:Womanhatersposter34.jpg

Summary
Lobby card/poster from The Three Stooges short film Woman Haters. Copyright Columbia Pictures, 1934. Used to illustrate film being described. Image is used under Non-free content rules on the basis of the following:
 * No free equivalent
 * Respect for commercial opportunities
 * Minimal usage
 * Minimal extent of use
 * Previous publication
 * Media-specific policy
 * One-article minimum
 * Contextual significance
 * Restrictions on location
 * Image description page

title: File:Womanhatersposter34.jpg


text:
Zapadny Ugol

Zapadny Ugol (Западный Угол) is a rural locality (a selo) in Petukhovsky Selsoviet, Klyuchevsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 80 as of 2013. There are 3 streets.

Geography
Zapadny Ugol is located 41 km southeast of Klyuchi (the district's administrative centre) by road. Poluyamki is the nearest rural locality.

title: Zapadny Ugol


text:
User:Abiodun Ayobami/sandbox

/My sandbox/ Go to your User page. (Remember that you must be logged in to do this. Click on your User name to the right of the User.gif image at the very top of any page.) Click the "edit" link on your user page to activate the edit mode and insert the text you have copied exactly as it appears above. That is you must type the following text: /My sandbox/ Click on the Save page button at underneath the editing area. If you have done this correctly you will see a link in red text: "My sandbox" Click on this link and enter some text, for example: "Content coming soon ...." Click on the Save page button.

title: User:Abiodun Ayobami/sandbox


text:
Ptichodis ovalis

Ptichodis ovalis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Mexico (Oaxaca) and the United States, where it has been recorded from Arizona, New Mexico and Texas.

The wingspan is 28–33 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from May to August.

title: Ptichodis ovalis


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Komsomolsky, Pavlovsky District, Altai Krai

Komsomolsky (Комсомольский) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Komsomolsky Selsoviet, Pavlovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 1,892 as of 2013. There are 18 streets.

Geography
Komsomolsky is located 37 km east of Pavlovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novye Zori is the nearest rural locality.


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Talk:Nowhere commutative semigroup

Band not semigroup
"A semigroup S is nowhere commutative if and only if any two elements of S are inverses of each other.[1]"

Perhaps this should say "band" not semigroup. The citation of C&P p26 is incorrect. Exercise 1.8.1 on that page says "A rectangular band is nowhere commutative".

On p33 Excercise 1.9.3 says "A semigroup S has the property that any two elements are inverses of each other if and only if S is nowhere commutative". If that exercise can be proved the citation should be changed from p26 to Exercise 1.9.3 on p33.

I have just edited the section on Rectangular Bands in page on Band (algebra) to include the proof (from Howie 1976 proposition 3.2 p96). But note that one direction requires idempotence (the equivalence from D to A in prop 3.2 depends on idempotence in D). p97 remarks "Exercise 9 below gives an example of a semigroup (containing six elements) in which abc = ac for every a, b and c but which is not a band.

Exercise 9 is at p126. I do not know where to find any corresponding material in Howie 1995.

Hopefully somebody else could fix my clumsiness and should consider whether to move stuff from that section on Rectangular Bands to Nowhere commutative semigroups (or bands) or merge the two or move stuff from both to a page on Rectangular Bands. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ArthurD8 (talk • contribs) 18:11, 25 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nowhere commutative semigroup


text:
2012 Winston-Salem Open

The 2012 Winston-Salem Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 44th edition of the Winston-Salem Open, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2012 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, from August 19 through August 25, 2012. It was the last event on the 2012 US Open Series before the 2012 US Open. John Isner won the singles title.

Seeds

 * Seedings are based on the rankings of August 13, 2012

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
 * 🇨🇿 Tomáš Berdych
 * 🇺🇸 James Blake
 * 🇺🇸 Ryan Harrison
 * 🇦🇷 David Nalbandian

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
 * 🇩🇪 Benjamin Becker
 * Ernests Gulbis
 * 🇺🇸 Michael McClune
 * 🇺🇦 Sergiy Stakhovsky

Withdrawals

 * 🇫🇷 Gaël Monfils (knee injury)

Retirements

 * 🇨🇾 Marcos Baghdatis (lower back injury)

Seeds

 * Rankings are as of August 13, 2012

Other entrants
The following pair received wildcard into the doubles main draw: The following pair received entry as alternates:
 * 🇮🇱 Jonathan Erlich / 🇮🇱 Andy Ram
 * 🇪🇸 Pablo Andújar / 🇦🇷 Leonardo Mayer

Withdrawals

 * 🇨🇾 Marcos Baghdatis (lower back injury)

Retirements

 * 🇫🇷 Nicolas Mahut (knee injury)

Singles
🇺🇸 John Isner defeated 🇨🇿 Tomáš Berdych, 3–6, 6–4, 7–6(11–9)
 * It was Isner's 2nd title of the year and 5th of his career.

Doubles
🇲🇽 Santiago González / 🇺🇸 Scott Lipsky defeated 🇪🇸 Pablo Andújar / 🇦🇷 Leonardo Mayer, 6–3, 4–6, [10–2]
 * It was Gonzalez's 2nd title of the year and 5th of his career. It was Lipsky's 2nd title of the year and 8th of his career. As a team, it was their 2nd title of the year and 3rd of their career together.

title: 2012 Winston-Salem Open


text:
Adrian Piperi

Adrian "Tripp" Piperi III (born January 20, 1999) is an American male shot putter who won the individual gold medal at the Youth World Championships. Three years later he won the silver medal, a scant centimeter behind gold at the 2018 World U20 (Junior) Championships.

Competing for The Woodlands High School, he completed an undefeated senior season with the 2017 Texas State Championship in the shot put. Collegiately he competes for the University of Texas.

title: Adrian Piperi


text:
Erkki Kivimäki

Erkki Juhani Kivimäki (23 May 1936 – 1 May 2017 ) was a Finnish diplomat. He served as Finnish Ambassador at the Embassy of Finland in Argentina, Buenos Aires from 1996 to 2001.

Previously, he was Finnish Ambassador to Venezuela in Caracas  and in Managua in Nicaragua from 1980 to 1985.

He was born in Varkaus and worked as a diplomat in Stockholm, Madrid, Washington and West Berlin (at the time of collapse of the wall). In the 1970s he was the Foreign Ministry's Representative in the selection of criteria for Vietnamese refugees. Later, as a representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs he was involved in the Nordic co-operation. After his retirement he wrote comments on foreign and domestic politics of Finland under the pen name OP. He died in Hattula, aged 80.

title: Erkki Kivimäki


text:
St Cuthbert's College, Auckland

St Cuthbert's College is a private (independent) Presbyterian-based day and boarding school for girls aged 4 to 18 (Years 0 to 13), located in Epsom, Auckland, New Zealand.

The school was established in 1915 in Mt Eden, and has a roll of approximately 1500 students. It is widely regarded as one of the best academically performing schools in New Zealand. In 2015, Metro Magazine stated that "the top academic results in Auckland, every year, are scored by St Cuthbert’s College" and the school has been awarded the title of Metro Magazine's Highest-Ranked Auckland Secondary School for Academic Achievement in 2013, 2014 (when the equivalent of 53 per cent of the Year 13 roll gained scholarships), 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020 and 2022.

The school is affiliated with the Alliance of Girls' Schools Australasia (AGSA), the New Zealand Boarding Schools' Association (NZBSA), Independent Schools of New Zealand (ISNZ), and is an overseas member of the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA).

The school offers its own Year 11 St Cuthbert's Diploma and the option of the International Baccalaureate diplomas or national NCEA qualification from Year 12.

History
The college was established as the Auckland Presbyterian College for Ladies Ltd in 1915, when a group of Presbyterian elders purchased Mt Eden Collegiate, a private school for girls, and appointed Miss Isobel Macdonald as the school's first principal. Miss Macdonald chose the motto, "By Love, Serve", and renamed the school St Cuthbert's College as the Trust Board suggested that a shorter and more distinctive name was required. The school is named after the Northumbrian monk-bishop Saint Cuthbert and, since 1918, it has celebrated St Cuthbert's Day annually in March.

In 1925, the college moved to its present site in Epsom. In 1932, three school houses were established, Dunblane, Elgin and Melrose, each named after places of significance in the life of St Cuthbert.

In 1936, the winter uniform was changed to Black Watch tartan, after the then principal, Lavinia Clouston, had seen the uniform at the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney. Black Watch tartan also has been the summer uniform since 1966.

School motto
The St Cuthbert's College motto is "By Love, Serve". The motto was chosen to encourage students to share, respect the needs of others, accept different viewpoints and to live peacefully.

The school verse comes from 1 Corinthians 13 chapters 1–13 and is consistent with "By Love, Serve", and students are constantly reminded to be "By Love, Serve".

Boarding
St Cuthbert's College accepts both day students and boarding students. Boarding students from Years 7 to 13 live in one of St. Cuthbert's three boarding houses: Dunblane, Elgin or Melrose. The boarding community at St Cuthbert's College is very diverse. Boarders come from Asia, the Pacific Islands and a range of other overseas locations, as well as from both urban and rural New Zealand. An increasing number of boarders are local students living between Karaka and the North Shore.

Academic
The college offers its own St Cuthbert's Year 11 Diploma, and from Year 12 the option to choose either NCEA or IB.

In 1999 a Thinking Skills programme was introduced based on Art Costa's Habits of Mind. Senior management credit this programme for the college's continuing ranking as one of New Zealand's top schools.

Physical education
Physical education is compulsory for all students from Years 1 to 11. Students are also given the opportunity to pitch themselves against other top athletes in local, regional and national tournaments as part of the college's Athlete Pathway Programme.

Over 90 per cent of senior students participate in extra-curricular sporting activities.

Kahunui
In Year 10, the students take part in a four-week experience at Kahunui, a large outdoor living space in the Bay of Plenty bush, where the girls participate in physical activities as well as academic work that is taught by practical applications (e.g. maths is covered in budgeting and English through creative writing journal entries).

During their time at Kahunui, the girls are divided into groups of eight students and they are expected to live in and manage their own residence. The outdoor programme includes overnight sea kayaking and tramping trips.

Headmistresses/Principal

 * Isobel MacDonald 1915–1921
 * Lavinia Clouston 1921–1948
 * Violet Wood 1949–1968
 * O.J. Holland 1969–1989
 * Frances J. Compton 1989–1995
 * Lynda J. Reid 1996–2016
 * Roz Mexted 2017
 * Justine Mahon 2018–2023
 * Suzanne Winthrop 2024–present

Notable alumnae
Alumni of St Cuthbert's College are commonly referred to as Old Girls, and may elect to join the school's alumni association, the Old Girls' Association. Some notable St Cuthbert's Old Girls include:
 * Bianca Babarich-Bacher – Joint winner, New Zealand Young Sailor of the year, Women's 420 sailing world champion and Halberg finalist.
 * Alexandra Brewis Slade – anthropologist/social scientist.
 * Christine Fletcher – former Member of Parliament for Epsom and Mayor of Auckland
 * Philippa Gower – World Record holder and Olympic backstroker in the 1950s
 * Julia King – field hockey player, member of Black Sticks Women (2011–)
 * Roseanne Liang – film director
 * Vicki Lin – presenter on Studio 2
 * Katherine Faith (Willow) Macky – one of New Zealand's leading composers of folk-style music and songs (also attended Iona College)
 * Stacey Michelsen – field hockey player, member of Black Sticks Women (2009–) (also attended Kamo High School)
 * Kim Noakes – New Zealand Black Sticks
 * Dr Margaret Orbell – author, editor and academic
 * Suji Park – Korean-New Zealand artist
 * Polly Powrie – sailor, Olympic gold medallist (2012 London)
 * Lucy Talbot – field hockey player, member of Black Sticks Women (2009–)
 * Rose Carlyle – author
 * Renee Liang – paediatrician, poet, essayist, short story writer, playwright, librettist, theatre producer and medical researcher
 * Pamela Allen – author and winner of the Margaret Mahy Medal for children's literature
 * Ann Gluckman – author, travel writer, and copresident of the Auckland Council for Christians and Jews
 * Katie Doar – New Zealand field hockey player, member of Black Sticks Women – 2019
 * Madison Doar – New Zealand field hockey player, member of Black Sticks Women – 2017
 * Sulu Tone-Fitzpatrick – former New Zealand netball international.
 * Louise Wallace – New Zealand television presenter, actress, and director

title: St Cuthbert's College, Auckland


text:
Trigonometry/Applications and Models

Simple harmonic motion

Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is the motion of an object which can be modeled by the following function:

 * $$x = A \sin \left(\omega t + \phi\right)$$

or

 * $$x = c_{1} \cos\left(\omega t\right) + c_{2} \sin\left(\omega t\right)$$
 * where c1 = A sin φ and c2 = A cos φ.

In the above functions, A is the amplitude of the motion, ω is the angular velocity, and φ is the phase.

The velocity of an object in SHM is
 * $$v = A \omega \cos \left(\omega t + \phi\right)$$

The acceleration is
 * $$a = -A \omega^2 \sin \left(\omega t + \phi\right) = -\omega^2 x$$

An alternative definition of harmonic motion is motion such that
 * $$\displaystyle a = -\omega^2 x$$

Springs and Hooke's Law
An application of this is the motion of a weight hanging on a spring. The motion of a spring can be modeled approximately by Hooke's law:

 * F = -kx

where F is the force the spring exerts, x is the extension in meters of the spring, and k is a constant characterizing the spring's 'stiffness' hence the name 'stiffness constant'.

Calculus-based derivation
From Newton's laws we know that F = ma where m is the mass of the weight, and a is its acceleration. Substituting this into Hooke's Law, we get

 * ma = -kx

Dividing through by m:

 * $$a = -\frac{k}{m}x$$

The calculus definition of acceleration gives us

 * $$x'' = -\frac{k}{m}x$$

 * $$x'' + \frac{k}{m}x = 0$$

Thus we have a second-order differential equation. Solving it gives us

 * $$x = c_{1} \cos\left(\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}t\right) + c_{2} \sin\left(\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}t\right)$$   (2)

with an independent variable t for time.

We can change this equation into a simpler form. By letting c1 and c2 be the legs of a right triangle, with angle φ adjacent to c2, we get

 * $$\sin \phi = \frac{c_{1}}{\sqrt{c_{1}^{2} + c_{2}^{2}}}$$
 * $$\cos \phi = \frac{c_{2}}{\sqrt{c_{1}^{2} + c_{2}^{2}}}$$

and

 * $$c_{1} = \sqrt{c_{1}^{2} + c_{2}^{2}} \sin \phi$$
 * $$c_{2} = \sqrt{c_{1}^{2} + c_{2}^{2}} \cos \phi$$

Substituting into (2), we get

 * $$x = \sqrt{c_{1}^{2} + c_{2}^{2}} \sin \phi \cos\left(\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}t\right) + \sqrt{c_{1}^{2} + c_{2}^{2}} \cos \phi \sin\left(\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}t\right)$$

Using a trigonometric identity, we get:

 * $$x = \sqrt{c_{1}^{2} + c_{2}^{2}} \left[\sin \left(\phi + \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}t\right) + \sin \left(\phi - \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}t\right)\right] + \sqrt{c_{1}^{2} + c_{2}^{2}} \left[\sin \left(\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}t + \phi\right) + \sin \left(\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}t - \phi\right)\right]$$

 * $$x = \sqrt{c_{1}^{2} + c_{2}^{2}} \sin \left(\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}t + \phi\right)$$   (3)

Let $$A = \sqrt{c_{1}^{2} + c_{2}^{2}}$$ and $$\omega^{2} = \frac{k}{m}$$. Substituting this into (3) gives

 * $$x = A \sin \left(\omega t + \phi\right)$$

Next Page: ../Using Fundamental Identities/

Previous Page: ../Inverse Trigonometric Functions/

Home: Trigonometry

title: Trigonometry/Applications and Models


text:
Henry Staff

Henry Staff (born 8 March 1991) is an English professional rugby union player who plays for RFU Championship side, Bedford Blues as a Centre.

Career
Educated at Bedford Modern School, Staff showed precocious talent for the game and in 2009 was made Captain of the England U18 team for Rugby Europe. Staff made his professional debut with Saracens F.C., having been part of the 2008 Saracens Academy with Owen Farrell,  before joining Bedford Blues for two years. He then signed for Rosslyn Park F.C. for 11 months before returning to Bedford Blues in June 2014.

title: Henry Staff


text:
B. H. "Johnny" Rogers

Bernard H. Rogers, known as B. H. "Johnny" Rogers (October 5, 1905 – April 23, 1977), was a Louisiana politician who served in the Louisiana House of Representatives and the Louisiana State Senate.

title: B. H. "Johnny" Rogers


text:
Parathanam

Parathanam is a Town at the base of Western Ghats mountain ranges in the Kottayam district, Kerala. It is 2,000 feet (610 m) above sea level and is situated on the eastern border of Kottayam District, 60 km from Kottayam, 12 km away from Poonjar and around 8 km away from Mundakayam on the NH 220 (Kottayam–Kumily Road).

Location
This village is situated 8 km away from Mundakayam and 18 km away from Erattupetta close by. Sea View Estate UP School is one of the oldest upper primary schools in the Kottayam district.

Economy
Rubber is a prime crop in Parathanam, one of the first places in India where it was cultivated. The Irish planter, John Joseph Murphy nurtured his rubber plantations here. The old-world charm of British plantations is still around, with purity of village life.

Parathanam can be reached from Kochi International Airports via Pala and Thiruvananthapuram International Airports via Kottayam or Pathanamthitta. All the buses to Erattupetta and Mundakayam pass through Parathanam.

Schools
1. Sea View Estate UP School

2. St. Alphonsa Nursery School

Hospitals
1. Primary Health Center, Parathanam

2. Government Veterinary Hospital

Churches
1. MOTHER OF SEVEN DOLOURS CHURCH, PARATHANAM

Temples
1. Sri Durga Devi Temple, Parathanam

How to Reach

 * Kottayam - Ponkunnam - Kanjirappally - Parathanam
 * Kochi/Cochin -Thalayolapparambu - Ettumanoor-Pala - Erattupetta - Poonjar - Parathanam
 * Thiruvananthapuram - Kottarakkara - Adoor - Pathanamthitta - Ranni - Erumeli - Parathanam
 * Thekkady - Kumily -Vandiperiyar-Peerumedu-Kuttikkanam- Mundakayam-Parathanam
 * Angamaly - Muvattupuzha -Thodupuzha-Erattupetta-Poonjar-Parathanam
 * Sabarimala - Pampa - Erumely - Parathanam

AC Volvo bus service is available from Technopark to Mundakayam, by KSRTC.

Nearest Airport
Cochin International Airport

Nearest Railway Station
Kottayam

title: Parathanam


text:
Talk:St John, Jersey

Comment
Saint John is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey, a governmental division of land.--Dthomsen8 (talk) 16:24, 1 October 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:St John, Jersey


text:
Volvo Margarete Rose

The Volvo Margarete Rose was a concept car, which was built by Volvo sometime in 1953. It was planned as the complement to the PV 444. Some of the lines were reused on the Amazon, the 160, and the 260.

title: Volvo Margarete Rose


text:
Running standard diagnostic tests

From the official document:
 * "This unit defines the competency required to conduct diagnostic tests on a range of platforms."

Basically, that means ... (translate above into plain english)

You can read more about this unit on the National Training Information Systems Official document for ICAT3025A.

This unit is part of the following qualifications:
 * Cert III Applications Qualification in Australia

How this unit will help you
After learning and applying the skills required by this unit you'll be able to demonstrate your skills in:

 * translate the above elements and performance criteria into plain english and summarise here...

Ideas for learning the required skills
...

Ideas for demonstrating this unit
The best way to demonstrate these skills is ...

Grading
If you are demonstrating this unit as part of a formal course, you might find that the unit is graded (meaning you can not only demonstrate your competence, but can also gain a credit or distinction). Your facilitator may already have set criteria that your college uses. If not, here are some ideas for possible credit/distinction activities that you can discuss with your facilitator:

title: Running standard diagnostic tests


text:
Self Paced Reading Labs/Sharks : Quiz

A quiz about sharks

{True or False, Sharks are fish + TRUE - FALSE
 * type=""}

{How many gills do shark generally have to breath or respire? - about twenty + five to seven - two to three
 * type=""}

{True or False, the Whale Shark, RhinCodon typus, is currently the world's largest known fish. + TRUE - FALSE
 * type=""}

{Approximately how large is a pygmy shark? - Human sized + Hand sized - Bus sized
 * type=""}

{Shark attacks on human are common or rare? - Common + Rare
 * type=""}

{True or False, the bull shark is known to swim in both salt and fresh water. + TRUE - FALSE
 * type=""}

title: Self Paced Reading Labs/Sharks : Quiz


text:
Senator Morris

Senator Morris may refer to:

Members of the Australian Senate

 * John Morris (Australian politician) (1936–2013), Australian Senator for New South Wales from 1985 to 1990
 * Kenneth Morris (politician) (1903–1978), Australian Senator for Queensland from 1963 to 1968

Members of the Jamaican Senate

 * Floyd Morris (born 1969), Jamaican Senator from 1998 to 2016

Members of the United States Senate

 * Gouverneur Morris (1752–1816), U.S. Senator from New York from 1800 to 1803
 * Robert Morris (financier) (1734–1806), U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania from 1789 to 1795
 * Thomas Morris (Ohio politician) (1776–1844), U.S. Senator from Ohio from 1833 to 1839

United States state senate members

 * Bill Morris (Illinois politician) (fl. 1970s–1980s), Illinois State Senate
 * Calvary Morris (1798–1871), Ohio State Senate
 * Earle Morris Jr. (1928–2011), South Carolina State Senate
 * Harvey R. Morris (1807–1886), New York State Senate
 * Lewis Morris (1726–1798), New York State Senate
 * Lorenzo Morris (1817–1903), New York State Senate
 * Luzon B. Morris (1827–1895), Connecticut State Senate
 * Mathias Morris (1787–1839), Pennsylvania State Senate
 * Oscar Morris (1876–1939), Wisconsin State Senate
 * Richard Morris (New York judge) (1730–1810), New York State Senate
 * Stephen Morris (politician) (born 1946), Kansas State Senate
 * Thomas Morris (Wisconsin politician) (1861–1928), Wisconsin State Senate

title: Senator Morris


text:
User:JWSchmidt/Blog/test

testing media file calls from Commons

Local File
"Wedding-day at Troldhaugen" by Edvard Grieg. Listen to a GarageBand-generated version:. Help with ogg audio play.

title: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/test


text:
Intabulation

Intabulation, from the Italian word intavolatura, refers to an arrangement of a vocal or ensemble piece for keyboard, lute, or other plucked string instrument, written in tablature.

History

Intabulation was a common practice in 14th–16th century keyboard and lute music. A direct effect of intabulation was one of the early advantages of keyboards, the ability to render multiple instruments' music on one instrument. The earliest intabulation is from the mid-14th century Robertsbridge Codex, also one of the first sources of keyboard music still in existence. Some other early sources of intabulated music are the Faenza Codex and the Reina manuscripts (from the 14th century) and the Buxheim manuscript (from the 15th century). The Faenza manuscript, the largest of these early manuscripts, written circa 1400, contains pieces written or transcribed in the 14th century, such as those by Francesco Landini and Guillaume de Machaut. More than half of its pieces are intabulations. The large Buxheim manuscript is dominated by intabulations, mainly of prominent composers of the time, including John Dunstaple, Gilles Binchois, Walter Frye, and Guillaume Dufay. The term "intabulation" continued to be popular through the 16th century, but fell out of use in the early 17th century, though the practice continued. The exception is the 16th- and 17th-century Italian keyboard pieces which included both vocal and instrumental music. Intabulations contain all the vocal lines of a polyphonic piece, for the most part, although they are sometimes combined or redistributed in order to work better on the instrument the intabulation is intended for, and idiomatic ornaments are sometimes added.

Intabulations are an important source of information for historically informed performance because they show ornaments as they would have been played on various instruments, and they are a huge clue as to the actual performance of musica ficta, since tablature shows where a musician places their fingers, which is less up to interpretation than certain staff notations.

title: Intabulation


text:
Bâkî

Bâḳî (باقى) was the pen name (Ottoman Turkish: مخلص mahlas) of the Ottoman Turkish poet Mahmud Abdülbâkî (محمود عبدالباقى) (1526 – 1600). Considered one of the greatest contributors to Turkish and Azerbaijani literature. Bâkî came to be known as Sultânüş-şuarâ (سلطان الشعرا), or "Sultan of poets".

Life
Bâkî was born to a poor family in Constantinople, his father being a muezzin at the Fatih Mosque. Originally, his family apprenticed him to a harness-maker, but he would often skip work to attend classes at a nearby medrese, or Islamic school. Because of this, his family eventually allowed him to formally attend school. Bâkî was a good student, and he attended the lectures of many of the famous lecturers of the time. It was during his school years that his interest in and talent for poetry began to take shape, helped largely by the established poet Zâtî (ذاتی) (1471–1548). After completing school, he worked for some time as a teacher, but later, as his poetic fame began to grow, he was granted a number of different positions—generally as a kadı (ﻗﺎضی), or Islamic judge—in the Ottoman bureaucracy. Bâkî died in Istanbul in the year 1600.

Bâkî was always very close to the Ottoman palace, particularly during the reign of Süleymân I, with whom he had good relations. During the subsequent reigns of Selim II and Murad III, he remained close to the palace and to state affairs, and received a great deal of attention and interest both from the public and the palace.

Works
Bâkî lived during the height of the Ottoman Empire, and this affected his poetry greatly. Love, the joy of living, and nature are the primary subjects of his poems. Although almost no Sufi influence is found in his poetry—as it is in many other Ottoman-era poets—his concept of love as revealed in his poetry was not entirely divorced from the Sufi concept thereof.

One of his most celebrated works is his Mersiye-i Hazret-i Süleymân Hân (مرثیه ﺣﻀﺮت سليمان خان; "Elegy for His Excellency Süleymân Khan"), among the most famed of elegiac works in Turkish literature.

title: Bâkî


text:
Kiribati at the 2019 World Athletics Championships

Kiribati competed at the 2019 World Championships in Athletics in Doha, Qatar, from 27-6 October 2019.

Men

 * Track and road events


text:
Talk:Dennis Jürgensen

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 11:12, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dennis Jürgensen


text:
Talk:Dick Fletcher

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Dick Fletcher. Please take a moment to review my edit. You may add after the link to keep me from modifying it, if I keep adding bad data, but formatting bugs should be reported instead. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether, but should be used as a last resort. I made the following changes:
 * Attempted to fix sourcing for http://www.tampabays10.com/news/local/article.aspx?storyid=74288

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 12:47, 29 March 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dick Fletcher


text:
Introduction to Italian

{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="5" style="width: 99%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto" Italiano Uno Italiano Uno
 * style="background-color: #4AA02C; border: 1px solid #777777; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" colspan="2" |
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #FFFFF0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #FFFFF0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Italian is a Romance language from western Europe that is spoken primarily in Italy and Switzerland. The vocabulary and grammar are very similar to Spanish, French, and Portuguese. It is spoken by approximately 70–80 million people as a native language and is the twentieth most-spoken language in the world. There are several languages (or dialects) which are spoken along with Italian including Sicilian, Sardinian, Venetian and others.

A Few Notes Before you begin, bear in mind that learning a language requires a lot of repetition. You’re not expected to read this page once and understand everything on it; read everything, memorize it, and try to make it a part of your being. Also, remember that memorizing translations is never the best way to learn a language; un cane isn't just the words "a dog", it's your grandma's weinerdog or your brother's German shepherd. Also, if you already speak a Romance language, try to see the similarities between it and Italian. You will be surprised by how similar they are.
 * rowspan="2" style="width: 40%; background-color: #fffff0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #4AA02C; border: 1px solid #E55451; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #4AA02C; border: 1px solid #E55451; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Lessons

 * Lezione Uno : Common phrases
 * Lezione Due : The Italian alphabet
 * Lezione Tre : Some simple words
 * Lezione Quattro : Nouns and articles
 * Lezione Cinque : Verbs
 * Lezione Sei : Preposition contractions
 * Lezione Sette : Adjectives
 * Lezione Otto : C'è, ci sono, and ecco
 * Lezione Nove : The second conjugation (-ere)
 * Lezione Dieci : Some new nouns
 * Esame Uno : The first test
 * Lezione Undici : Can and must
 * Lezione Dodici : Past tense verbs
 * Lezione Tredici : Days – months – seasons
 * }

Textbooks
 * Italian
 * }

title: Introduction to Italian


text:
writedown

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  An adjustment; a precise amount adjusted by an act of writing down or entering an asset and its value; a reduction of an asset, written down or otherwise recorded as such.

Translations

 * German:
 * Russian: части́чное списа́ние

title: writedown


text:
1991–92 Sheffield Shield season

The 1991–92 Sheffield Shield season was the 90th season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. Western Australia won the championship.

title: 1991–92 Sheffield Shield season


text:
Public Works Department (Nigeria)

The Public Works Department of Nigeria also known as P.W.D. was the agency of the colonial government responsible for building and maintaining government buildings and property, roads, rail tracks, bridges, harbours and aerodromes. Its first director was appointed in 1896, in the preceding years, the department was under the guidance of the Surveyor-General.

Public works department in British colonial territories performed various functions, PWD carried out new constructions as stipulated in a budget as well as maintenance of government buildings, harbors, vehicles, sewage, water supply and equipment and furnishing connected to the projects. In addition, PWD provided technical advise to other departments in the colony.

One of the early projects of the department was laying rail tracks from Lagos to Ibadan, in addition, it executed construction of motorable dirt and gravel roads, the first of which began construction in 1905 as a feeder to the railway. Between 1925 and 1926, PWD began developing a trunk road system in the colony and in 1926, metalling and tarring of the Lagos - Abeokuta road was in progress.

Roads and bridges
The initial road projects began in 1906 as developments out of the railway as it was extended from Lagos to other locations north of the colony. Paths were cleared for road developments linking Ibadan to Oyo, Osogbo to Ilesha and Ede to Iwo. After the great war, a road linking Lagos to Ibadan was built, and between 1922 and 1923, a route linking to Ibadan with Benin through Ife, Ilesha and Akure was completed.and in the East a route to Onitsha from Enugu through Owerri was constructed. In 1926, PWD was responsible for 2,900 miles of motorable services, but those roads were built with minimum standards and many were only motorable during dry seasons.

Other efforts of the department include the construction and management of a road bridge over River Challawa in Kano, the bridge was opened in 1928 having eight steel spans, a 150 feet span and remaining seven spans were 100 feet each. In addition, the 2,306 feet long Carter bridge, the first bridge linking Lagos Island with the mainland was opened in 1901 and managed by PWD.

In 1926, a Central Roads Board sanctioned a programme to develop a road trunk system and feeders roads that are fit for modern vehicles, subsequently, designs were drawn to create a route connecting Lagos with Kano, and improve on the route linking Oshogbo, Benin and Asaba via Ilesha was also approved. Improvement were made to enlarge the Lagos to Abeokuta route and a route was created linking Abeokuta to Ijebu-Ode. Other new or improvement projects included Lokojo to Okene, Port Harcourt to Aba, Abakaliki to Ogoja, Jebba to Share, Zungeru-Bida, and Keffi to Nasarawa. Included in the new program were plans to replace wooden bridges with steel and iron. Trunk A roads linking major town and cities were handled by PWD and were later called federal roads, while the feeder roads were handled by native authorities.

Waterworks
The department also managed major waterworks project and was directly involved in the provision of pipe borne water to communities in Lagos, Enugu, Kano, Kaduna and Jos. The first waterworks plant was built in Lagos; flow of water from Iju River was diverted into two settling tanks each capable of holding four million gallons before it was allowed to flow through sand filters and then pumped into an underground reservoir. In Enugu, the waterworks project used infiltration galleries to draw water from a spring before it is stored in a water reservoir.

Other facilities managed by the division included Ogunpa Waterworks, Port Hasrcourt, Aba and Okenne waterworks.

Electricity
The department was the pioneer provider of electricity in Nigeria, the first project was in Lagos and electricity was primarily used for street lighting. The power was generated from generators that were coupled with alternators. The division expanded with the installation of the Iddo power plant. In 1946, electrical division was separated from PWD to form the Nigerian Government Electricity Undertaking.

Buildings
PWD had a building division that constructed and maintained houses for European and African staff, hospitals, post offices, and barracks for the police and Royal West African Frontier Force. The houses of European and African employees were built according to standards set by PWD and were numbered from Type 1 to Type 10.

In 1931, the building branch began to develop a residential estate for African government staff in Yaba, Lagos, the construction of Yaba College of Technology, then known as Yaba Higher College began during this period.

Sawmill and workshops
The department managed a sawmill operation at Ijora, Lagos, obtaining softwoods, mahogany and hardwoods supplies from local sources and pitch pine from foreign sources. Product from the sawmill were used by the joinery furniture unit within the complex. The division also incorporated a training school for carpenters and built workshops in major cities of the country such as Enugu, Port Harcourt, and Kaduna. The workshops were equipped with woodworking machinery for manufacturing and maintenance.

Mechanical
The mechanical branch maintained departmental vehicles, moving equipment and mechanical equipment.

Stores
The stores branch under the leadership of a chief storekeeper was in charge of storage of valuable equipment and coordination of equipment use among other branches

Aerodromes
The branch was initiated in the mid 1930s when Imperial Air Mail Services desired regular services between Nigeria and United Kingdom.

Selected projects
* Massey Hospital

* European Hospital at Enugu and Jos

* Yaba Estate Development Scheme

Structure
PWD was headed by the director of Public Works, who was assisted by regional assistant directors manning three provinces. In the 1920s, three assistant directors where in charge of the Northern, Southern and Western areas and within each area were divisions and sub-divisions.

Sports club
Through the establishment of various sports and recreational facilities for black and white employees across the country, PWD and other government agencies with the wherewithal to fund such facilities contributed to the growth of football in Nigeria. In 1929, a football team was founded in Lagos which later competed in a Lagos league and the football league of the Nigerian Football Association. NFA's first president, an architect was an employee of the department.

title: Public Works Department (Nigeria)


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Explanation of selected testcases: The naming scheme for F1 season articles changes between 1980 (1980 Formula One season) and 1981 (1981 Formula One World Championship). So test the infobox as it appears in the two articles immediately preceding and following the change. Also test 1950, where the naming of the previous season is also different (1949 Grand Prix season).

title: Template:F1 season/testcases