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Fintan of Clonenagh

Fintan of Clonenagh (c. 526 – 603) was an Irish hermit and monk. He was an abbot and disciple of Columba of Terryglass.

Life
Fintan was born in about 526, the son of Christians Gabhren and Findlath.

The monastery at Clonenagh was founded in the 6th century by Fintan of Clonenagh who entrusted it to his disciple Columba when Colum moved on to Terryglass around 548. Fintan received his religious formation under the Abbot Colum, and was deeply influenced by his penitential practices and the severity of his Rule. Under his direction Fintan developed a reputation for austerity.

Fintan gave his monks very strict rules not to consume any animal products. The community did not have even one cow and so they had neither milk nor butter. The monks complained they couldn’t do hard work on so meagre a diet. A deputation of local clergy headed by Canice of Aghaboe came to urge him to improve it. He agreed for his monks, but he elected to keep to the strict diet himself. Fintan was reported to have lived on only "bread of woody barley and clayey water of clay".

His disciples included Colmán of Oughaval, and Comgall of Bangor. He has been compared by the Irish annalists to St. Benedict, and is styled "Father of the Irish Monks".

Fintan of Clonenagh is regarded as one of three patron saints of county Laois which include Colman Mac ua Laoise and Mochua of Timahoe. He died in 603. His feast day is 17 February.

Though he is sometimes confused with Fintán or Munnu, abbot of Taghmon, they are distinct.

St. Fintan's Tree, Clonenagh

This tree, an acer pseudoplatanus, was planted in the late 18th or early 19th century at the site of the Early Christian monastic site of Clonenagh. The tree is dedicated to Saint Fintan and it became custom to insert coins into the tree from which the tree suffered and was believed to be dead until the tree started to recover with some new shoots. It was blown down in a storm in 1994.

title: Fintan of Clonenagh


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User:Mojotravels

I look forward to contributing to Wikipedia.

No longer a paid contributor. Resubmitting revised article on my own accord.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Mojotravels


text:
Talk:Suspended sentence

US centric?
I'm not at all concinved that the description given is applicable to the situation in English law. Here, I'm pretty sure I've heard the news media report things like "He was sentenced to a six month prison term suspended for two years" and I'd always understood that it was carrying out the sentence that was suspended, rather than the sentencing that was suspended.

Also not at all sure about the link between suspended sentences and probation...

Roy Badami 10:37, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Bit late to be responding but no, it's the sentencing which is suspended in UK law also. In that example after 2 years they don't go off an serve 6 months, if the reoffend within 2 years the 6 month sentence becomes enacted (as well as anything due for the subsequent offences) --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:53, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

 * In that case the article is unclear. I read it as saying only sentencing was delayed, ie. the sentence still had to be declared and then carried out at the end of the term of suspension, not that the sentence would only be enacted if another crime was commited within the period of suspension. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:53, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

The watchman style. The legalistic style, and the service style can be put in one big policy style for a community and the government to use. Each one will have a priority and a responsibility to follow. With this policy style crime rate will go down or would be stabilized. A different set policy will be used for each type of criminal justice group. With this policy we shouldn't haft anything to worry about in the community.

The watchman style is the concern for public maintenance. This is used to control illegal and disruptive behaviors. One example of the watchman style happened in 1992 in Los Angeles four police officers took this policy in action and beat a man. This was know as the Rodney king case. The police used this style for persuasion. This places greater emphasis on crime control instead of crime prevention.

The legalistic style is strict concern for enforcing the law. This policy helps bring money into the community by tickets, fines and other cases that involve money being given to the community for the crime that was commented. This is a hands off approach to take care of a law break or violation. This happens inside the courtroom as well. When a misdemeanor is formed a fine is given. This style may be called a paper style because it involves nothing but paper.

The service style is a concern with helping out the community. This is not a strict enforcement of the law. This is a good way for a community to get free costly help to clean up the environment with community service this helps people pay off fines. An other way this style takes effect is social services and counseling for minor offenders. This helps people stay out of jail and for them get help for minor offenders. This helps people stay out of jail and for them get help for there problems and helps the commute with funding. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Stevenzachary (talk • contribs) 06:30, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

 * This appears to be about styles of policing, and not specifically about suspended sentences. --Snigbrook ( talk ) 11:29, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

Suspended versus deferred sentence
I believe this article is confusing a suspended sentence with a deferred sentence. In Vermont, deferred sentencing allows the judge to suspend passing of the sentence. A suspended sentence, on the other hand, has been passed but the execution of the sentence is suspended while the offender is on probation. G. Csikos, 8 December 2009. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:05, 8 December 2009 (UTC)

Keeping me in suspense
I suggest that the term "suspended" should be defined. One can probably guess that a suspended sentence is a sentence which has been suspended, but the meaning of suspension should be made explicit. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:00, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Difference to Probation
As a European citizen, I don't have much information about the US-law and can't really define the difference between "Suspended sentence" and "Probation." It would be great to find a short information about it. Thank you, --R0T421 (talk) 15:41, 25 July 2010 (UTC)

Australia - Suspended period cannot exceed original sentence.
Is this true? I read this a while ago and it appears to contradict the statement, could someone please verify.

Case study: Tran, Ng & Le

Tran and Ng were students at the University of Technology, Sydney, who developed a free music download site using MP3 technology. Le subsequently assisted in making copyrighted material available on the site. The site was said to have received some seven million hits. The matter was first investigated by MIPI and a brief was handed to the AFP before charges were prosecuted by the DPP in the Central Local Court in Sydney in December 2003. As no money or trade was involved, the charges were brought under s 132(2)(b) for knowingly distributing copyrighted work, to an extent that affects prejudicially the owner of copyright, for a purpose other than trade. Ng and Le were sentenced to perform 200 hours community service. Tran was assessed as unsuitable for a community service order and was fined $5000. Tran and Ng each faced an additional charge reflecting their longer-term involvement and were convicted and received prison sentences of 18 months, suspended for three years.

An application on behalf of MIPI to be represented in the hearing was refused. MIPI advocated a full-time custodial penalty. It also sought an order for costs, which the DPP declined to put to the court. MIPI had estimated the loss caused to copyright holders by the defendants to be in the vicinity of $200 million, whereas the AFP gave an estimated loss of $60 million. On this point, the court found that the loss suffered was 'substantial' but could not be quantified with precision.

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:45, 1 June 2014 (UTC)AJ

Merger Proposal
I believe that the Commonwealth law concept of Discharge (sentence) should be merged with this topic since the legal concepts appear to be analogous. Divercth (talk) 16:53, 26 January 2015 (UTC)

 * I see there has been no discussion of this. I also disagree with it - a suspended sentence is still a sentence, it is just one which is not enacted. A discharge does not constitute a conviction and therefore is substantially different. --Super Nintendo Chalmers (talk) 14:46, 28 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Suspended sentence. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20140204022539/http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/media-centre/media-releases/7964-next-stage-of-suspended-sentences-abolition-begins-today.html to http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/media-centre/media-releases/7964-next-stage-of-suspended-sentences-abolition-begins-today.html

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 21:19, 7 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Suspended sentence


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Tert-Butyl hypochlorite

tert-Butyl hypochlorite is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)3COCl. A yellow liquid, it is a rare example of an organic hypochlorite, i.e. a compound with an O-Cl bond. It is a reactive material that is useful for chlorinations. It can be viewed as a lipophilic version of sodium hypochlorite (bleach).

Synthesis and reactions
It is produced by chlorination of tert-butyl alcohol in the presence of base:

 * (CH3)3COH + Cl2  +  NaOH  →   (CH3)3COCl  +  NaCl  +  H2O

tert-Butyl hypochlorite is useful in the preparation of organic chloramines:
 * R2NH +  t-BuOCl  →  R2NCl  +  t-BuOH

title: Tert-Butyl hypochlorite


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Seabranch Preserve State Park

Seabranch Preserve State Park is a Florida State Park, located approximately ten miles south of Stuart, off A1A.

Admission and Hours
There is no entrance charge. Florida state parks are open between 8 a.m. and sundown every day of the year (including holidays).

Climate
The park marks end of subtropical climate (Cfa), being the most northern place near the east coast of Florida with a tropical climate. It is approximately where the tropical monsoon climate (Am), being important in phytogeography, begins.

title: Seabranch Preserve State Park


text:
Hulodes solomonensis

Hulodes solomonensis is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It is found on the Solomon Islands.

title: Hulodes solomonensis


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User:Edbain

Hi, I'm EdBain

I haven't had the time (or patience) to properly edit this page.

Drop me a note if you need anything, although I'm not here often.

Edbain 08:10, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Edbain


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Command module Columbia

Command module Columbia (CM-107) is the spacecraft that served as the command module during Apollo 11, which was the first mission to land humans on the Moon. Columbia is the only spacecraft of the 1969 Apollo 11 mission that returned to Earth.

The name Columbia was first suggested to Michael Collins by Julian Scheer, NASA assistant administrator of public affairs during the Apollo program. Scheer mentioned the name, in passing, in a phone conversation, saying "some of us up here have been kicking around Columbia." Collins initially thought it was "a bit pompous" but the name eventually stuck as he could not think of a better alternative and his crewmates Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong had no objections. Collins was also influenced to accept the name because of its similarity to Columbiad, the name of the space gun in Jules Verne's 1865 science fiction novel From the Earth to the Moon.

Following the mission and after a tour of U.S. cities, Columbia was given to the Smithsonian Institution in 1971. It was designated a "Milestone in Flight" and displayed prominently at National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C., alongside the 1903 Wright Flyer.

In July 2016, the Smithsonian released a 3D scan of Columbia produced by the Smithsonian's Digitization Program Office. During the scanning process a number of places where the astronauts had written on the walls of the capsule were found. These included a calendar and a warning about smelly waste on one of the lockers.

To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 landing, the spacecraft traveled around the country on a tour to museums in Houston, St. Louis, Pittsburgh, Seattle, and Cincinnati.

In 2022, Columbia was taken off display as a part of the National Air and Space Museum's renovation. When the museum reopened in the fall of 2022 it became a centerpiece of their new Destination Moon exhibit.

title: Command module Columbia


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CisLunarFreighter/Mission generator

Component Name: Load and Mission Generator

Description of Responsibilities: Generate manifests and missions until the user agrees to undertake a specific mission. Note that later penalties may be applied if the user leaves part of the load behind.

Collaborators:
 * Bases, settlements, space stations, other freighters in route, or terminals may request specific loads - Terminal Load Request
 * External games (such as jFreeRails) running in the MUD may deliver specific loads - MUD Crosstalk
 * External games (such as Asteroid Civ, Space Annihlation, etc.) may request specific loads - Terminal Load Request
 * Standard Load

title: CisLunarFreighter/Mission generator


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Talk:Aboo Soleiman Dáood Az-Záhiri

Source for the spelling: WhisperToMe (talk) 13:55, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aboo Soleiman Dáood Az-Záhiri


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Wikiversity:Orientation

Many educational institutions provide orientation programs for new students. This page aims to serve that function for Wikiversity.

What is Wikiversity?
Wikiversity offers freely-available learning resources on an ever-growing number of topics.
 * 1) What is Wikiversity?
 * 2) Wikiversity Introduction
 * 3) How does Wikiversity work?

Have a look around
There are currently pages created by  registered users!

Want to take a look around but not sure where to start? Try:
 * Browse all major departments.
 * Featured collates the best developed materials to date.
 * Random highlights promising learning resources.

Degree options
Wikiversity is not a degree-granting institution - it does not confer academic degrees, diplomas, or certificates. However, you can find information and participate in learning activities by getting involved here at the Wikiversity that could help your study at a degree-granting institution.

Guided tours
There are several guided tours for newcomers and those developing content.

Your first class
Browse the Wikiversity departments to find a class, course, module, unit of study, etc. that you'll like. You might enjoy take an entry-level class and have fun with it - or take a challenging one that will really extend your knowledge of a subject.

Research
Wikiversity is developing guidelines that will allow participants to engage in research activities. See also Portal:Research.

Become a contributor
Wikiversity is a young project that is developing free learning resources. You can help - read more at Why create an account?.

Communication
There are several mechanisms of interactive communication available, including: For general wiki-based discussion about Wikiversity and any of its content. This is the most active central meeting and communication point. An electronic mailing list to discuss via email, with an accompanying web archive. Realtime chat is available at Wikiversity. Wikiversitans chat using the Internet Relay Chat protocol on the Freenode IRC network.
 * Colloquium
 * Mailing list
 * Realtime chat

title: Wikiversity:Orientation


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Tülay Tuğcu

Tülay Tuğcu (born 12 June 1942) is a retired Turkish judge. She was the president of the Constitutional Court of Turkey, chief justice of Turkey. She retired on 12 June 2007.

Biography
Tuğcu was born in Ankara and attended TED College for primary and high school. In 1961, she enrolled in Ankara University Faculty of Law and graduated in 1965. After working as a lawyer for 4 years, she successfully passed the exams required to start working at the Council of State (Danıştay) as assistant to Council of State.

In 1974, Tuğcu graduated from Institute of Public Administration of Turkey and the Middle East (Türkiye ve Ortadoğu Amme İdaresi Enstitüsü - TODAİE) in Ankara.

In 1982, Tuğcu was appointed to the senior judicial post of investigation at first department of the Council of State, where she served until 1992.

In 1992, Tülay Tuğcu was elected member of Turkish Council of State and started serving at the sixth department. After 3 years, she was transferred to the tenth department of Council of State and continued serving there.

On 22 December 1999 Tuğcu was appointed as a member of the Constitutional Court by President Ahmet Necdet Sezer among three candidates determined by the General Assembly of State Council.

Thereafter, Tuğcu was elected president of the Court of Jurisdictional Disputes on 6 January 2004 and as chief of the Supreme Court on 25 July 2005 consequently.

Other facts and information
Tuğcu holds two theses in "Extradition of Criminals" and "The Use of Approval Rights of Administration by High Officials" and a translation in "Productivity".

Tuğcu is married and has two children.

In one of her messages to the public on Supreme Court’s official website, Tuğcu said:

"... if we want to name the age we are living in, the best can be the "age of communication". In order to be able to adjust to this age, people’s rights to access the information, the sharing of the accessible information and making it common must be provided. Even though it has not been clearly arranged in our constitution, the right to access the information is a "sine qua non" of basic rights and freedom. Without doubt, the internet websites of the public institutions that are equipped with the latest and satisfactory information play a crucial role in managing it."

title: Tülay Tuğcu


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International Relations

The study of International Relations in political science gained strength during the Cold War. Many political scientists feared that the Soviet Union and the United States would launch themselves into a global nuclear war. It was hoped that by studying how countries interact with each other, it would be easier to predict what the reactions of the United States or Soviet Union would be in any given situation, making it easier to avert war.

The study of International Relations has been, until very recently, the study of how states interact with other states. However, the New World Order of the post-Cold War state system has required a redefinition of actors.

Main Themes

 * 1) /Liberal International Theory vs. International Realism Theory/
 * 2) /Prologue/- An Introduction to International Relations & Strategic Studies.
 * 3) /Evolution of the Modern State System/- Evolution of the Modern State System
 * 4) /World Politics in the Twentieth Century/- World Politics in the Twentieth Century
 * 5) /Core Concepts of International Relations/- Core Concepts of International Relations
 * 6) Theories of I.R.- Approaches to International Relations: Theories of I.R.
 * 7) /Core Concepts of Strategic Studies/- Core Concepts of Strategic Studies
 * 8) /The Use of Force/- The Use of Force
 * 9) /The Causes of War/- The Causes of War
 * 10) /The Making of Foreign Policy/- The Making of Foreign Policy
 * 11) /International Organisations/- International Organisations
 * 12) /Regionalisation/- Regionalisation
 * 13) /World Government Theories/- World Governance Theories
 * 14) /The United Nations/- An International Peace-Keeping Organisation?
 * 15) /The European Union/- An "Area of Peace, Security, and Justice".
 * 16) /Environment and World Politics/- Global Warming & Other Natural Threats.
 * 17) /War and Peace in a Globalised World/- Globalisation & its Consequences on World Conflicts.
 * 18) /International Political Economy/- International Political Economy

Articles

 * 1) Japan's Foreign Policy Toward Vietnam 1978-1992

title: International Relations


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Odontomachus spinifer

Odontomachus spinifer is an extinct species of ant in the subfamily Ponerinae known from one possibly Miocene fossil found on Hispaniola. O. spinifer is one of two species in the ant genus Odontomachus to have been described from fossils found in Dominican amber and is one of a number of Odontomachus species found in the Greater Antilles.

History and classification
Odontomachus spinifer is known from a solitary fossil insect which, along with a microhymenopteran, is an inclusion in a transparent yellow chunk of Dominican amber. The amber was produced by the extinct Hymenaea protera, which formerly grew on Hispaniola, across northern South America, and up to southern Mexico. The specimen was collected from an undetermined amber mine in fossil-bearing rocks of the Cordillera Septentrional mountains of northern Dominican Republic. The amber dates from at least the Burdigalian stage of the Miocene, based on studying the associated fossil foraminifera, and may be as old as the Middle Eocene, based on the associated fossil coccoliths. This age range is due to the host rock being secondary deposits for the amber, and the Miocene as the age range is only the youngest that it might be.

At the time of description, the holotype specimen, number "Do-2215", was preserved in the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart amber collections in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The holotype fossil was first studied by entomologist Maria L. De Andrade of the University of Basle with her 1994 type description of the new species being published in the journal ''Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie)''. The specific epithet spinifer is derived from the Latin word which means "bearing a spine", a reference to the large projection on the top of the petiole.

Based on the head structure, O. spinifer was suggested to be part of the O. haematodus species group, closely placed with the species O. affinis, O. mayi, and O. panamensis. The three modern species are from Brazil and Guyana up through Panama and Costa Rica. The two modern species found on the island of Hispaniola, O. bauri and O. insularis are not closely placed to O. spinifer, having different structuring of the heads upper surface. When first described, O. spinifer was one of two Odontomachus species that had been described from fossils. It and Odontomachus pseudobauri were both described by De Andrade from Dominican amber in the same paper. A third species Odontomachus paleomyagra, the first compression fossil species, was described in 2014 from a worker found in Priabonian age lignite deposits of the Most Basin, Czech Republic.

Description
The O. spinifer worker is approximately 11.08 mm in length, and has a shining exoskeleton of yellowish red to reddish brown tones. The smooth exoskeleton has tiny punctuation found across the top of the head, mandibles, petiole node and the gaster. In contrast the frons, antennae depressions, pronotum, mesonotum and underside of the petiole are distinguished by varying degrees of striation. The head is large with a rectangular outline, being 2/3 longer than wide, with the rear margin of the head wider than the maximum width of the pronotum. The mandibles are almost as long as the head is wide and the chewing margin has twelve teeth increasing in size towards the tip, while the apex of each has three teeth, a preapical, intercalary, and an apical tooth. The antennae have notably long scapes that extend past the rear margin of the head capsule and curve slightly along their length. The first funicular segments of the antennae are double the length of the second segment and longer than any of the other 10 segments. The mesonotum and propodeum have an elongated slender profile, as does the petiole, while the gaster is bell shaped along the connection with the petiole and the sting is partially retracted. There is a notably large backward curving spine formed from the upper surface of the petiole, being longer than the width of the petiole.

title: Odontomachus spinifer


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Melle Springer

Melle Springer (born 30 December 1998) is a Dutch footballer who plays for IJVV Stormvogels in the Derde Klasse.

Club career
He made his Eerste Divisie debut for Jong AZ on 1 September 2017 in a game against Jong FC Utrecht.

After two years with Eerste Divisie club SC Telstar, he moved to amateur club IJVV Stormvogels in June 2020, effectively retiring from professional football. Instead, Springer would focus on his studies.

title: Melle Springer


text:
Talk:Beginner Japanese/Pronunciation of Japanese

Lesson 5
In lesson 5 a section about the moraic n with an apostrophe was taken off of the page, but it is still in the audio. I'm not sure how to add it back into the lesson without messing up the look of the page (I'm new to Wikiversity but not wikipedia). I'm just wondering how it can be fixed. Phydend 04:21, 8 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Is it fixed now? --Balloonguy 18:12, 8 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Yep, all the words in the audio are now on the page. Thanks. Phydend 02:17, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

Practice
wouldnt it be better to have the soundfiles for the practice be for individual words? it would make it easier to repeat the words. admittedly it isnt very difficult as is, but still.
 * Wouldn't it be more of a hassle though, having to download each word?--Balloonguy 23:47, 21 May 2007 (UTC)


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Talk:Exergonic reaction

Please do not merge these separate 6 pages
The merge debate goes back to '05 (see: Talk:Endergonic). The result of the debate was to not merge. Moreover, it is standard protocol, e.g. according to both The Essential Dictionary of Science (Clark 2004) and the A to Z Dictionary of Thermodynamics (Perrot 1998), to have separate entries for such closely-related but subtly-different topics such as:

 * Exothermic – a process or reaction that involves the release of energy; usually in the form of heat.
 * Exothermic reaction – a chemical reaction in which heat is given out.

a exergonic reaction is... sorry im still learning about this subject —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:03, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

As well as for the other terms: endothermic, endothermic reaction, etc. For example, the melting of an ice-cube is an endothermic process; combustion evolves an exothermic reaction, warm-blooded animals are endothermic, arguing with other Wikipedians is an endergonic activity, etc. Help us expand on these separate stubs, but please don't merge. Wikipedia has unlimited storage space. Articles are sure to grow. Thanks:--Sadi Carnot 17:30, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

Merge
I suggest we do merge these pages; they are all very short and my guess is that, when a reader gees to one they may well be either confused as to which one they want or intending to consult another as well. Combining them will make many reader's task easier and I can't see how it will make life more difficult for anyone. The previous (2005) consensus referred to above was pretty limited in scope and shouldn't deter as seven years later from improving things. Abtract (talk) 08:58, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Bad idea, people visiting this page just want information on topic at hand: exergonic reaction. Why not focus on creating new content? V8rik (talk) 22:59, 28 January 2012 (UTC)

Exergonic bio
What <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:59, 14 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Exergonic reaction


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Outdoor Survival/Signals

Bigger is better. Just don't burn down any forests.

 * Three of anything is the international standard for distress (three gun shots, three fires,  three flares, etc.)

 * Carry a whistle, it takes less energy and is louder than shouting

 * To prepare for rescue make three signal fires in a triangular pattern make them huge if you have the resources. Check them daily to make sure they are ready to light or in a desperate situation light them even if you can not see any one searching for you!

 * Make black smoke by burning the tires of your car or especially car oil. Plastic can also work (it may not be environmentally friendly but it's OK just this once. Also note that not all plastic will burn or give off smoke.)

 * Make white smoke by burning fresh leaves

 * Pick the smoke color that would show up best against your background. (in snowy conditions a black fire,  a dark forest... a white fire)

 * Ground Signals. Write out SOS or HELP. Huge as possible at least 30 feet wide but bigger think 300 feet is better. Bright as Possible. Use clothes, tents, tarps, ect. If using natural materials try to get as much color contrast as possible. Put it in the open away from trees.

 * Reflection. If you remember shining light in peoples eyes in class with your watch this is the same idea. Use you watch, mirror, anything that works to shine light off the sun on distant locations or planes. Reflect in bursts of three.

 * Combine all these three methods to do any thing to make your self as visible as possible.

title: Outdoor Survival/Signals


text:
United States Government/Civic Society/Natural rights and Classical Republicanism in America

Mr. Emore's Class : Heffernan vs. Classical Republicans (a dialogue)

GENERAL TENDENCY OF THE LAWS UNDER AMERICAN DEMOCRACY, AND INSTINCTS OF THOSE WHO APPLY THEM. Defects of a democratic government easy to be discovered--Its advantages discerned only by long observation--Democracy in America often inexpert, but the general tendency of the laws is advantageous--In the American democracy public officers have no permanent interests distinct from those of the majority--Results of this state of things.

THE defects and weaknesses of a democratic government may readily be discovered; they can be proved by obvious facts, whereas their healthy influence becomes evident in ways which are not obvious and are, so to speak, hidden. A glance suffices to detect its faults, but its good qualities can be discerned only by long observation. The laws of the American democracy are frequently defective or incomplete; they sometimes attack vested rights, or sanction others which are dangerous to the community; and even if they were good, their frequency would still be a great evil. How comes it, then, that the American republics prosper and continue?

In the consideration of laws a distinction must be carefully observed between the end at which they aim and the means by which they pursue that end; between their absolute and their relative excellence. If it be the intention of the legislator to favor the interests of the minority at the expense of the majority, and if the measures he takes are so combined as to accomplish the object he has in view with the least possible expense of time and exertion, the law may be well drawn up although its purpose is bad; and the more efficacious it is, the more dangerous it will be.

Democratic laws generally tend to promote the welfare of the greatest possible number; for they emanate from the majority of the citizens, who are subject to error, but who cannot have an interest opposed to their own advantage. The laws of an aristocracy tend, on the contrary, to concentrate wealth and power in the hands of the minority; because an aristocracy, by its very nature, constitutes a minority. It may therefore be asserted, as a general proposition, that the purpose of a democracy in its legislation is more useful to humanity than that of an aristocracy. This, however, is the sum total of its advantages.

Aristocracies are infinitely more expert in the science of legislation than democracies ever can be. They are possessed of a selfcontrol that protects them from the errors of temporary excitement; and they form far-reaching designs, which they know how to mature till a favorable opportunity arrives. Aristocratic government proceeds with the dexterity of art; it understands how to make the collective force of all its laws converge at the same time to a given point. Such is not the case with democracies, whose laws are almost always ineffective or inopportune. The means of democracy are therefore more imperfect than those of aristocracy, and the measures that it unwittingly adopts are frequently opposed to its own cause; but the object it has in view is more useful.

Let us now imagine a community so organized by nature or by its constitution that it can support the transitory action of bad laws, and that it can await, without destruction, the general tendency of its legislation: we shall then conceive how a democratic government, notwithstanding its faults, may be best fitted to produce the prosperity of this community. This is precisely what has occurred in the United States; and I repeat, what I have before remarked, that the great advantage of the Americans consists in their being able to commit faults which they may afterwards repair.

An analogous observation may be made respecting public officers. It is easy to perceive that American democracy frequently errs in the choice of the individuals to whom it entrusts the power of the administration; but it is more difficult to say why the state prospers under their rule. In the first place, it is to be remarked that if, in a democratic state, the governors have less honesty and less capacity than elsewhere, the governed are more enlightened and more attentive to their interests. As the people in democracies are more constantly vigilant in their affairs and more jealous of their rights, they prevent their representatives from abandoning that general line of conduct which their own interest prescribes. In the second place, it must be remembered that if the democratic magistrate is more apt to misuse his power, he possesses it for a shorter time. But there is yet another reason which is still more general and conclusive. It is no doubt of importance to the welfare of nations that they should be governed by men of talents and virtue; but it is perhaps still more important for them that the interests of those men should not differ from the interests of the community at large; for if such were the case, their virtues might become almost useless and their talents might be turned to a bad account. I have said that it is important that the interests of the persons in authority should not differ from or oppose the interests of the community at large; but I do not insist upon their having the same interests as the whole population, because I am not aware that such a state of things ever existed in any country.

No political form has hitherto been discovered that is equally favorable to the prosperity and the development of all the classes into which society is divided. These classes continue to form, as it were, so many distinct communities in the same nation; and experience has shown that it is no less dangerous to place the fate of these classes exclusively in the hands of any one of them than it is to make one people the arbiter of the destiny of another. When the rich alone govern, the interest of the poor is always endangered, and when the poor make the laws, that of the rich incurs very serious risks. The advantage of democracy does not consist, therefore, as has sometimes been asserted, in favoring the prosperity of all, but simply in contributing to the well-being of the greatest number. The men who are entrusted with the direction of public affairs in the United States are frequently inferior, in both capacity and morality, to those whom an aristocracy would raise to power. But their interest is identified and mingled with that of the majority of their fellow citizens. They may frequently be faithless and frequently mistaken, but they will never systematically adopt a line of conduct hostile to the majority; and they cannot give a dangerous or exclusive tendency to the government.

The maladministration of a democratic magistrate, moreover, is an isolated fact, which has influence only during the short period for which he is elected. Corruption and incapacity do not act as common interests which may connect men permanently with one another. A corrupt or incapable magistrate will not combine his measures with another magistrate simply because the latter is as corrupt and incapable as himself; and these two men will never unite their endeavors to promote the corruption and inaptitude of their remote posterity. The ambition and the maneuvers of the one will serve, on the contrary, to unmask the other. The vices of a magistrate in democratic states are usually wholly personal.

Voice 1: This philosophy represents how the individual over society, whereas classical republicanism advocates the betterment of society even when restricting personal liberty. Both these systems influenced the framers. Natural rights citizens form a social contract, consenting to form a government designed to protect their own interests. They participate to ensure the protection of their rights. Further, citizens can change the government if it fails to protect those rights. In Classical republicanism, citizens accept their obligation to the good of the whole. They participate because it is their civic duty. Citizens could rarely enter republics which effectively constrained them from leaving their own.

Voice 2: Ben Franklin believed the citizen’s rights often outweigh priorities of government. He said “they that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.” Conversely, the Greek orator Pericles said, “The merits of a citizen outweigh the demerits of an individual.” To him and other classical republicans, sacrifices made for community were significant enough to offset personal errors.

Voice 3: The belief at the Convention was that classical republicanism would only work in small, homogeneous societies where citizens had similar goals. Therefore natural rights philosophy is more clearly exhibited in the Constitution, as in Article one Section nine, which prohibits the government from suspending important rights.

Voice 4: My definition of common good is the promotion of the good of society seen as a whole, as in classical republicanism.

Voice 1: The common good in respect to natural rights philosophy is the maximum amount of liberties for the individual. This is my definition of common good.

Voice 3: In my opinion each system is fatally flawed, they isolated paths to reach the common good. Classical republicanism discouraged individuality, punishing it by exile or death, as shown by the example of Socrates, who was executed for teaching people to question society. Natural rights societies do not ask their citizens to sacrifice for the good of the whole. Today’s drive for private gains ignores community goods like clean air, schools, and parks.

Voice 2: We purpose that the simultaneous advancement of society and the individual is the real common good. This is not a compromise or an average between classical republicanism and natural rights, the benefits of both systems are included entirely. In short, the common good is a fusion of these two extremes.

Voice 3: Historically politics has not used our definition due to its difficulty to attain. Instead they are compromises including some of both systems. In actuality, the common good is more than a perfect compromise, it is what is best for both at the same time. The framers understood this ideal; Madison said “the public Good, the real welfare of the great body of the people, is the supreme object to be pursued; no form of government… has any other value than as it may be fitted for the attainment of this object.”

Voice 1: My idea of common good, the natural rights theory, can be determined only by every individual deciding what is best for themselves.

Voice 4: I disagree. I believe in the classical republicanism take on common good, which is determined by the selfless wise for the benefit of society.

Voice 3: No, the common good is the selfless wise weighing the opinions of the masses to maximize the individual and collective goods.

Voice 2: Self-interest is looking out for ones own well-being. In contrast, enlightened self-interest is the idea that by helping society we in turn help ourselves. A simple way to distinguish between the two is by asking– Who is directly benefiting and for what reasons? As Du de la Rachefoucauld said, “However brilliant an action it should not be esteemed great unless the result of a great motive.”

Voice 4: Enlightened self-interest is disappearing from our society. It is largely due to social disconnect, lack of trust, feeling of powerlessness and because of the prevailing individualistic attitudes of Americans. The Tipping Point by Malcom Gladwell reveals that to create ideological epidemics one must solve the minute aspects of the problem. In short, to encourage enlightened self interest we should encourage domestic vacationing, labeling state origins of products, promote switching schools, teaching natural leaders to be civic, advocate public forums, providing tax benefits as a reward, and educating about benefits of enlightened self interest.


text:
The Clark Hulings Fund

The Clark Hulings Foundation (CHF) (formerly The Clark Hulings Fund) is a nonprofit organization that provides visual artists with marketing and financial tools to be able to make a living from their art. Launched in 2013 by the Clark Hulings Estate, CHF offers educational, business, and entrepreneurial programming to working artists and creatives. These programs help visual artists and makers compete in an increasingly complex marketplace.

History
The origin of The Clark Hulings Foundation stems from the life and accomplishments of Clark Hulings. Clark Hulings (November 20, 1922 - February 2, 2011) was an American painter that worked in the realist style.

Before Clark Hulings became a full-time gallery painter, he was a commercial artist and at the age of 40 he decided to quit his job to pursue his painting career. In 1966, Hulings married Mary Belfi and together they had a daughter, Elizabeth. Elizabeth Hulings and her mother would go on to become the main initiators of The Clark Hulings Foundation, sharing Hulings' legacy as a self-sustaining entrepreneur with a new generation of working artists.

Organization
The Clark Hulings Foundation (CHF) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that promotes the legacy of painter Clark Hulings by equipping working visual artists to be self-sustaining entrepreneurs. CHF showcases Hulings’ life and work as an example to today’s artists, and offers them a comprehensive art-business education so that they can thrive as he did. CHF delivers a suite of integrated learning services continually, both virtually and in-person—via live events, digital channels, and portable media formats—and builds professional networks of opportunity.

CHF runs art-business training programs and events including Brown Bag Lunch peer networking; Thriving Tuesdays™; The Thriving Artist™ podcast hosted by Daniel DiGriz; 1-1 Mentorship & Coaching;Artist Federation networking groups; and Evenings with Hulings Salons.

Hulings 100
November 20, 2022 marks the launch of a Centennial Celebration of Clark Hulings 100th birthday, starting with a party in Santa Fe, New Mexico and including a major VR exhibit, and a new book by James D. Balestrieri—with preview excerpts published in American Fine Art & Western Art Collector Magazines.

title: The Clark Hulings Fund


text:
Armistead S. Nickens

Armistead Stokalas Nickens (1836 – April 26, 1906) was an American Republican politician who served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, representing Lancaster County from 1871 to 1875. He was one of the first African-Americans to serve in Virginia's government.

Early and family life
Born circa 1836 to Polly Weaver and her husband Armistead Nickens. His paternal ancestors included Richard and Chriss, freed by the will of John Carter Jr. in 1690. His maternal grandfather, Elijah Weaver, was a seaman during the American Revolutionary War. His father taught him to read and write, and he bought books and studied on his own. However, his father died in 1850, so young Armistead and his brother John probably began working at an early age. The 1850 census lists him as a laborer, and the 1860 census as a sawyer in Heathsville. He married twice. His first wife, Sophronia Wood, was the daughter of the local miller, Charles C. Wood, but she died in 1869 or 1870, since the census of that year showed Nickens living with his mother Polly and his 5 year old son Holland and two year old daughter Sarah. His second wife, Violet Jones, whom he married on November 14, 1871, had grown up next door to the Nickens family (Her mother Mahala Jones raised seven children). They had twins Joseph and Josephine, and a daughter Sophronia.

Career
Nickens supported his family as a laborer, and then as a sawyer. Lancaster County voters twice elected him as their representative in the Virginia House of Delegates. He introduced a bill for building a bridge over the Rapppahannock River at Tappahannock. After his legislative terms, Nickens received an appointment as collector of delinquent taxes. He also built the first schoolhouse for African Americans in Lancaster County.

Death and legacy
Armistead Nickens died in 1907 and was buried in the family cemetery overlooking the Kamps and Carters Millpond. In 1990, a portrait of hims was presented to the Lancaster Court, where it now hangs.

title: Armistead S. Nickens


text:
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Etymology
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Etymology
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title: островъ


text:
Shimonoseki City Art Museum

Shimonoseki City Art Museum (下関市立美術館) is a public museum that opened in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, in 1983. The collection of some 2,200 items (as of April 2017, including items on deposit ) includes works by Kanō Hōgai, Kishida Ryūsei, Matsumoto Shunsuke, Takashima Hokkai (高島北海), Oka Shikanosuke (岡鹿之助), and Kazuki Yasuo (香月泰男), as well as a New Kingdom Egyptian shawabti and Late Period image of Horus in the guise of a falcon.

title: Shimonoseki City Art Museum


text:
Talk:Harvard University Band

New Article 2
Perhaps the HUB requires an official webmaster. Might I suggest severely cutting the list of band "positions" - beyond the top titles I see little relevance. A list of past band managers, stud cons and drillmasters is in order. Why nothing on the prop crew? (i.e. me)

A word or two on Hippo? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Benfeing (talk • contribs) 07:18, 16 October 2009 (UTC)

The Band has an official Webmaster; I've contacted him and he claims to have had nothing to do with these edits. I'll try to talk him into working on this article; in my view it needs to be streamlined significantly. SCuddihy (talk) 19:32, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

Thanks for adding the Prop Crew entry. Do you have a photo of Bertha with the Prop Crew in jump suits instead of bandies? Would add to the information without adding to the clutter to replace this picture with one iilustrating both points. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:01, 18 November 2009 (UTC)

New Article
Thanks for all who are helping put this article together. Now that the HUB apparently has a historian position, perhaps this article can get filled in more quickly.

Santaduck 08:00, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Ideas:
 * Alternate lyrics section (fight songs from other ivy schools)
 * Photo/images/logos section
 * More historical information with references. Is there citable text on verifiable dates of the scramble/scatter band phenomenon? Was the musicianship of the early (prewar) HUB essentially the best at the university? etc.
 * Fill in details on Directors and assistant Directors, and their tenures.
 * Senior Staff list with tenures?
 * mention Mongo?
 * what year was the move to Mt. Auburn? Where were the HUB offices before Prescott St.?
 * Prop Crew is not mentioned yet, and should be noted (uniform, duties, when prop crew began, etc.)

 * Just don't overdo it, there. An alternate lyrics section might be overkill. The DCMB has plenty of those, too, but they'd take up more than half of the article if we included them. Other things to put in, though - what are the HUB's big activities outside of the regular football/hockey/etc games? Is the HUB's hockey uniform the same as the football uniform? What does the HUB do at hockey games, and what unique things do they do at football games? You need some more of the general information like that filled in. --└Smith120bh/TALK┐ 20:31, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

I think adding in more information about the SS positions and giving a listing of officeholders would be useful. We could put together a list of directors/assistant directors too. Also, the Junior Staff INCLUDES the historian, yet this position is mentioned separately. I have been a member of the Band for 4 years and do not believe we use the term "foosmeister" anymore for our foosball league commissioner. Perhaps this should be modified as well. —This unsigned comment was added by Blueshades (talk • contribs).

 * Don't put it in a listing of officeHOLDERS - the article should be helpful to those outside of Harvard reading it, and those outside of Harvard probably couldn't care less who the specific people are. A better description of the offices themselves is definitely needed, though. --└Smith120bh/TALK┐ 20:31, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Clarify office holders, correct the foosball league commissioner, clarify senior staff uniforms, and clarify Prop Crew. I would retain the list of directors however. Great work all. Santaduck 10:00, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I am deleting, for now, the table of Senior Staff officeholders. This page should provide a useful reference to people outside the Band, most of whom are probably not interested in seeing so many unfamiliar names. A more complete version of this table might find a better home on the Band's own website. SCuddihy (talk) 19:51, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

Dear all, I am the Historian of the Harvard University Band. Many of you may have met me at the Reunion, as I was responsible for delivering and displaying the scrapbooks from the past 60 years during the Sunday brunch. I have done significant work and research in the Band's history as I have completely cataloged the Band's Archive collection in Pusey Library (my catalogue is now a total of 70 pages). The Harvard University Archives are in the midst of taking my catalogue and turning it into an online database. The job of editing and maintaining the Wikipedia page for the Harvard University Band falls to me, as well as the Webmaster. Due to my extensive work in Band history, I believe my position qualifies me for this job to provide a clear and streamlined overview of the Harvard University Band. My job is to reformat the Harvard University Band's Wikipedia page to a more refined and streamlined blend of facts, history, and photographs. I must respectfully ask for no one, undergraduate or alumni, to interfere with my edits. If you have a problem with them, please contact me or state this on the discussion page, but please don't undo my work as Historian. I will sign all of my edits as "Historian of the Harvard University Band." Too many chefs are spoiling the soup, and this job should be done by one person to provide a less cluttered Wikipedia page. Thank you. Jamesfadel 04:02, 14 November 2009 (UTC)

Neutral Point of View

 * There have been some biased unencyclopedic edits recently.
 * If you are editing this page, and are unfamiliar with Wikipedia, please take a short moment to review the Five Pillars of Wikipedia. Thank you!
 * In that light, I am reverting the anonymous edit to remove the Unabomber from the alum list. Refs are available e.g. here.
 * Also will be removing yALE capitalization always. If you wish to note the capitalization as a tradition, please write some NPOV text noting that, but that alternate capitalization breaks NPOV if found elsewhere in text.
 * note: Added neutral explanatory text on capitalization issue.

 * INC Santaduck 04:11, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

significance

 * on another note, I'm not sure the sousaphone information is noteworthy, and probably violates the no original research pillar. At any rate, in the 90's I remember 3: 1 silver colored one, 1 golden colored one, and 1 top half used for recycling.  Has the golden one disappeared?  A lot of money was spent to repair both in the mid 90's, a manager type could probably discover that in HUB financial records.  Still, again, that would violate no original research.Santaduck 20:26, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

As this is one of only 3 extant BBBb Besson tubas, and to my knowledge the only playable one, this is noteworthy.--Benfeing (talk) 21:38, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

Hockey Jerseys
Santaduck 21:43, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * what year did the Hockey Jerseys begin to be worn, instead of the crimson blazer? It's probably a recent (<10 yrs) development, and the year should be noted. ty!

Pictures
How encyclopedic the pictures are? Currently, they clutter the page making it look like a Myspace band page, and they simply violate WP's guidelines on the number of images. Although I am a fan of the band myself, I must remove the picture unless someone can come up with a rationale for them staying here.

Cheers! Λ u α (Operibus anteire) 03:46, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

Staffing
I added back the complete list of senior staff which someone cut off at 1989,perhaps inadvertently. The 1961 picture of the band in white pants is important archival information for the change of uniform. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:58, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

I think Fountastic adding "Buttram Ladouche" to the senior staff is unecessary intereference in the editing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:28, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

Please, I'm not trying to be an antagonistic force here. With the support of other current bandies (including the Schneider) with whom I have discussed the matter, my only aim thus far has been to maintain the privacy of a particular band tradition. I had absolutely nothing to do with any "Buttram Ladouche" addition. I only have the best interests of the band and its wikipedia article in mind; please don't judge so hastily. Fountastic (talk) 21:08, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

Prop Crew
The Prop Crew section was deleted in an earlier edit. This is an important part of the Band and is unique to the Harvard Band as compared to the other Ivy bands. I think the entirety of this article may be deemed to be of "more interest to Harvard people than people in general," but the same can be said of any University entry or other specialty entry. Archival information such as the list of office holders and aspects of the band unique to Harvard should be left alone as this kind of information becomes part of the information web which Wikipedia helps to create, allowing researchers to learn facts about people, events or institutions which might otherwise be considered too micro-specialized for a more general article. A biography for Jack Lemmon for example might include that he attended Harvard and may even include that he appeared in the Hasty Pudding, but only an article on the Hasty Pudding would let someone learn which show and which part or if a famous composer wrote the score or a U.S. Senator also appeared in the cast.

Currency
This page as it stands presents a fair amount of outdated material as if it were current. Among the cheers listed in the cheers section, I would say about 4 are used with any frequency by current Band members. The paragraph on "trumpet cheers" also fails to reflect both the section's current repertoire and the important role that other sections' cheers now play in the HUB's performances. Since most of the edits in question seem to rely entirely on original research, I'd recommend deleting them until more current published information becomes available. (hint: maybe somebody could arrange a Crimson interview with the manager?) Cuddihy (talk) 14:54, 23 April 2010 (UTC)

Conflict of Interest
See comments on COI on Talk:John Gore (theater producer). User:Benfeing appears to be Tom McGrath and it appears that he has edited this page to add links to himself. -- Nusumareta (talk) 04:37, 3 January 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Harvard University Band. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060117150739/http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/1999/11.04/band.html to http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/1999/11.04/band.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060117150739/http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/1999/11.04/band.html to http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/1999/11.04/band.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:41, 30 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Harvard University Band


text:
2nd Battalion, 3rd Marines

2nd Battalion, 3rd Marines (2/3) was an infantry battalion in the United States Marine Corps based out of Marine Corps Base Hawaii consisting of approximately 1,000 Marines and sailors. The battalion fell under the command of the 3rd Marine Regiment and the 3rd Marine Division. The battalion was deactivated in January 2022 as part of the Marine Corps' ongoing Force Design efforts.

Subordinate units

 * Headquarters and Services Company (HSC)
 * Echo Company (E Company)
 * Fox Company (F Company)
 * Golf Company (G Company)
 * Hotel Company (H Company)
 * The Weapons Company (WPNS Company)

World War II (1942–1945)
The 3rd Training Battalion, Division Special Troops, 1st Marine Division was activated on May 1, 1942, at New River, North Carolina. On June 17 of that same year, they redesignated the "2d Training Battalion, 3rd Marines" and in September were deployed to Tutuila, American Samoa and reassigned to the 2d Marine Brigade. They remained there until they moved to Auckland, New Zealand in May 1943. In June of that year, they were reassigned to the 3d Marine Division and were again moved to Guadalcanal in July.

2/3 participated in the following World War II campaigns: Finally, the unit was again relocated in December 1945 to Camp Pendleton, California and by the end of the month (December 31) they were deactivated.
 * Battle of Bougainville
 * Battle of Guam
 * Battle of Iwo Jima

On November 1, 1943, the 3rd Marine Division assaulted Bougainville. Landing at Blue Beach 2, 2/3 was the first to reach the island and faced little resistance from the defending Japanese. On November 20, 2/3 led in breaking an enemy roadblock on the Numa-Numa Trail, discovering a 400-foot ridge. A platoon led by First Lieutenant Steve J. Cibik moved ahead of the battalion, holding the ridge against several counterattacks for the next four days. 2/3 was crossing the Piva River on November 21 when the Marines were pinned down by heavy fire from a Japanese bunker complex. 2/3 then encountered an enemy battalion supporting the bunker system, and was able to withdraw with minimal casualties. On November 24, 2/3 moved forward 250 yards under heavy fire, taking heavy casualties while crossing a meandering stream eight times. The battle of Piva Forks concluded the next day. On December 25, the 3rd Marines left Bougainville and returned to Guadalcanal. On July 21, 1944, 2/3 went ashore at Red Beach One near Adelup Point during the battle of Guam. 2/3 Marines went up over the ridge overlooking the beach between Chonito Cliff and Bundschu Ridge, but fierce enemy resistance kept his entire regiment pinned down. Company E was able to take the high ground by the end of the day, but only after the Japanese had withdrawn. 2/3 spent the entire next day continuously engaging the enemy. On July 25, 2/3 punched through enemy cave defenses on the drive toward Fonte Ridge. That night and into the next morning, his battalion helped to repulse multiple Japanese banzai attacks. Both sides took heavy casualties. By dawn, 2/3 Battalion Commander Lieutenant Colonel Hector de Zayas learned of the potential of a second enemy attack and moved to the front lines to reposition his men. While he was in this exposed forward position, de Zayas was shot and killed by a Japanese sniper. The executive officer of 2/3, Major William A. Culpepper, assumed command for the remainder of the battle.

1951–1960
During this nearly decade-long period, the unit was reactivated and went through various reassignments and non-combat deployments:
 * Reactivated on 20 July 1951 at Camp Pendleton, California, and assigned to 3d Marine Brigade, Fleet Marine Force.
 * Reassigned during January 1952 to 3d Marine Division
 * Deployed during July–August 1953 to Camp Fuji-McNair, Japan
 * Redeployed during March 1957 to Camp Sukiran, Okinawa
 * Redeployed during March 1958 to Camp Sukiran, Okinawa
 * Relocated during November 1959 to Camp Pendleton, California and reassigned to 1st Marine Division, Fleet Marine Force

Vietnam War (1961–1969)
In January 1961 2/3 was redeployed to Camp Schwab, Okinawa, and reassigned to 3d Marine Division, Fleet Marine Force. From there the unit deployed at various times between 1961 and 1967 as the Battalion Landing Team of the Seventh Fleet. In April 1965 2/3 deployed to Da Nang in the Republic of Vietnam. They fought in Vietnam from April 1965 until October 1969, operating from: During the night of 12 August 1965, the battalion made a night helicopter assault into the Elephant Valley south of Da Nang, shortly after Marine ground troops arrived in the country. In April 1967, 2/3 was flown to Khe Sanh and walked north up into the DMZ and participated in one of the bloodiest fights, later to be known as The Hill Fights. In October 1969, the battalion left South Vietnam and relocated to Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton and was reassigned to 5th Marine Amphibious Brigade, Fleet Marine Force.
 * DaNang
 * Camp Carroll
 * Quảng Trị
 * Cam Lộ
 * Dong Ha Combat Base
 * Khe Sanh

1970s–1980s
For this period 2/3 saw more reassignments, redesignations and relocations.
 * Reassigned during April 1971 to 1st Marine Division, Fleet Marine Force
 * Relocated during May – June 1971 to Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii and reassigned to 1st Marine Brigade, Fleet Marine Force. ? Why are the four deployments that 2/3 made in 1977/78, 1979, 1980, and 1981 added to this information?
 * 1st Marine Brigade redesignated 30 August 1985 as 1st Marine Amphibious Brigade
 * 1st Marine Amphibious Brigade redesignated 5 February 1988 as 1st Marine Expeditionary Brigade

Gulf War and the 1990s
In January 1991, under the command of Lt. Col. Robert B. Blose, 2d Battalion, 3rd Marines deployed to Saudi Arabia and participated in Operation Desert Shield, Operation Desert Storm and the Liberation of Kuwait. The battalion, which was on deployment to Okinawa, Japan, was deployed to Southwest Asia from January to April 1991, when 2/3 returned to Kaneohe Bay until their October 1994 reassignments to the 3rd Marine Division.

Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom

The battalion deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom in the Kunar and Laghman provinces in northeastern Afghanistan in 2005–2006. During this deployment, the battalion planned and participated in Operation Red Wings and planned and carried out Operation Whalers. While Red Wings garnered a large amount of press due to the loss of 19 special operations personnel, Whalers, which was successful in defeating the target cell that inflicted the losses of Red Wings, was little reported at the time. 2/3 lost four members of the battalion during this deployment. 2/3 deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom in the Haditha "triad" region of Al Anbar Province in western Iraq in 2006–2007. 2/3 faced some of the worst fightings in the entire war. They were one of the last Marine units to face combat in Al Anbar. 2/3 suffered 23 KIAs from September 2006 to April 2007 and were given the nickname "The Angels of Anbar." In February 2008, the battalion again deployed to Iraq, operating in the vicinity of Fallujah. On June 26, 2008, the commanding officer of 2/3, LtCol Max Galeai and two other Marines (Captain Philip J. Dykeman and Cpl. Marcus W. Preudhomme) from the battalion were killed when a suicide bomber dressed as an Iraqi policeman detonated an explosive vest at a meeting of tribal sheiks in the town of Karmah. The battalion returned from this deployment in late August/early September 2008. 2/3 Deployed to Afghanistan in 2009 (14 KIA) as part of the 2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade. They were part of the 17,000 troop increase announced by President Obama in mid-February.

2/3 returned to Marine Corps Base Hawaii in late 2009, and redeployed to Afghanistan in November 2010 to Helmand province to the Nawa-I-Barakzayi District. During this deployment, due to increased security in Nawa, Fox Company was attached to 3rd Battalion 9th Marines in Marjah.

2/3 returned from Afghanistan in June 2011. In April 2012 Fox Company was the first US military unit to begin regular training rotations through northern Australia. It is expected that eventually 2500 US Marines will be posted near Darwin, Northern Territory with the 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, as part of increased security ties between the two nations (See Australia–United States relations).

Deactivation
In 2022, the Marine Corps announced 2/3 will be deactivated. 2/3 was officially decommissioned on January 21, 2022, at a ceremony at MCB Hawaii.

2/3 Medal of Honor recipients
During World War II, PFC Leonard F. Mason, serving with the 2/3, despite being mortally wounded, single-handedly destroyed an enemy machine gun position during the Battle of Guam. Mason was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.

During the Vietnam War, PFC Bruce W. Carter threw himself on a grenade to save the lives of fellow Marines. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.

During the Vietnam War, Staff Sergeant Peter S. Connor was awarded the MOH (posthumously) for actions on 25 February 1966.

During the Vietnam War, Private First Class James Anderson, Jr. was awarded the MOH (posthumously) for actions on 28 February 1967.

Unit awards

 * United States Navy Presidential Unit Citation ribbon.svg Presidential Unit Citation with 4 bronze stars
 * Guam – 1944
 * Vietnam – 1965 – 1967, 1967, 1968
 * Afghanistan – 05/2009 to 10/2009 RCT 3 (MARADMIN 615/12)
 * [[Image:Navy Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|60px]] Navy Unit Commendation w/ 1 silver star and 2 bronze stars
 * Bougainville – 1943
 * Vietnam – 1968
 * Desert Storm – 1990–1991
 * Iraq – 2006
 * Iraq – 2007 II MEF FWD (MARADMIN 055/12)
 * Iraq – 2008 I MEF FWD (MARADMIN 056/12)
 * Afghanistan – 2010–2011 I MEF FWD (MARADMIN 492/12)
 * [[Image:Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|60px]] Meritorious Unit Commendation w/ 3 bronze stars
 * Vietnam – 1968
 * Afghanistan – 2005
 * III MEF- 2008–2010 (MARADMIN 617/11)
 * [[Image:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign ribbon.svg|60px]] Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Streamer w/ 4 bronze stars
 * [[Image:World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg|60px]] World War II Victory Streamer
 * [[Image:National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|60px]] National Defense Service Streamer w/ 3 bronze stars
 * [[Image:Korean Service Medal - Ribbon.svg|60px]] Korean Service Streamer
 * [[Image:Vietnam Service Medal ribbon.svg|60px]] Vietnam Service Streamer w/ 2 silver stars
 * [[Image:Southwest Asia Service Medal ribbon.svg|60px]] Southwest Asia Service Streamer w/ 2 bronze stars
 * [[Image:Vietnamese Gallantry Cross, with palm.svg|60px]] Vietnam Cross of Gallantry w/ palm streamer
 * [[Image:Afghanistan Campaign ribbon.svg|60px]] Afghanistan Campaign Streamer w/ 3 bronze star
 * Iraq Campaign Medal ribbon.svg Iraq Campaign Streamer w/ 2 bronze stars
 * Global War on Terrorism Service ribbon.svg Global War on Terrorism Service Streamer
 * [[Image:Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary ribbon.svg|60px]] Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Streamer
 * [[Image:NATO Medal ISAF ribbon bar.svg|60px]] Nato ISAF Streamer

Notable Marines

 * Paul Schaus, wounded Afghanistan veteran and Paralympic hockey player
 * James L. Jones Jr., platoon commander in Golf Company in 1967 and company commander of Golf Company in 1968; went on to become the 32nd Commandant of the Marine Corps in July 1999

title: 2nd Battalion, 3rd Marines


text:
briciola

Etymology
Diminutive of (rare), from.

Noun

 * 1) crumb (of bread etc.)
 * 2) scrap
 * 3) trifle

title: briciola


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hennessy Carolina (2nd nomination)

The result was redirect to Cardi B.  Sandstein  18:48, 8 October 2019 (UTC)

Hennessy Carolina
AfDs for this article:
 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Notability is not inherited. Outside of having a famous sister, there's nothing notable about her. JDDJS ( talk to me  •  see what I've done ) 22:01, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Women-related deletion discussions.  JDDJS  ( talk to me  •  see what I've done ) 22:01, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of New York-related deletion discussions.  CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 22:47, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Fashion-related deletion discussions.  CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 22:48, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of News media-related deletion discussions.  CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 22:48, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Television-related deletion discussions.  CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 22:48, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Sexuality and gender-related deletion discussions.  CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 22:49, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Barkeep49 (talk) 01:09, 1 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete I agree. She has not accomplished notability outside of being Cardi’s sister, even on Love and Hip Hop she was just Cardi’s sister not a person with a storyline. Trillfendi (talk) 03:27, 1 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Redirect I think the page should be a redirect to Cardi since this subject has no notability of her own aside from the fame of her sister. A few notable publications as references, but mostly gossip and tabloids. Rcul4u998 (talk) 04:09, 1 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Redirect: Insofar as this is a valid search term point it at her actually notable sibling. While the sources in the article are all at least nominally about Hennessy, they all look like gossip rag pieces. Vogue is, as far as I can tell, the only exception, but a single good source does not notability impart. Rockphed (talk) 13:05, 2 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep. WP:NOTINHERITED only applies in cases where few or no reliable sources have taken notice of the subject. Going by the sources currently cited, Billboard and Vogue are clearly not gossip rags; People magazine is considered reliable enough for BLPs as well . These three articles all focus on Hennessy and only mention Cardi in passing. WP:GNG is met. feminist (talk) 05:04, 4 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Redirect The People and Vogue sources are not significant and only refer to gossip content and based on her primary statements. The Billboard source seems a completely primary source. Seems to fail GNG, ANYBIO... Lourdes 15:06, 8 October 2019 (UTC)


text:
commissariato

Noun

 * 1) the office of a commissioner (of police)
 * 2) a police station headed by a commissioner

title: commissariato


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Albert Goldfield

Albert Goldfield

 * ... that because there is no water in the Albert Goldfield in New South Wales, miners relied on wind to separate gold from dirt in a "tedious and unhealthy" method called dry blowing?
 * Reviewed: Carry Back

Created/expanded by Tbennert (talk), Orlady (talk). Nominated by Orlady (talk) at 05:31, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Symbol confirmed.svg Article fits all "Article" and "Hook" criteria. Although some sentences may need merging, the article seems fine. QPQ done. —  M.Mario  (T/C) 22:19, 14 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Symbol confirmed.svg Article fits all "Article" and "Hook" criteria. Although some sentences may need merging, the article seems fine. QPQ done. —  M.Mario  (T/C) 22:19, 14 July 2012 (UTC)

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ


text:
West Indian cricket team against Pakistan in the UAE in 2001–02

The West Indies cricket team toured UAE to play cricket series against Pakistan in the 2001–02 cricket season. The series was originally scheduled to take place in Pakistan, but was moved to the United Arab Emirates, following the 9/11 attacks in the United States.

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ


text:
Talk:Antoine Dodson/Archives/2017

What about the perp?
Did the police ever find the bed intruder? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:47, 28 October 2010 (UTC)

Also wanting to know if this case was resolved. At least there was a page on this topic as I was slightly interested in who this person was and what this song was all about. Though the fact that this page has a discography just makes me laugh. Savre (talk) 03:15, 13 December 2010 (UTC)

According to NPR, the bed intruder has not been caught. Should this be part of the article? http://www.npr.org/blogs/therecord/2010/08/13/129178815/bed-intruder-song-climbs-the-charts <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:57, 22 December 2010 (UTC)

Agreed. I think there should be something about the status of the case and why, if possible. Occasionally, the perp will pop up in conversation and everyone wonders/hopes that this awful experience comes to a successful conclusion. Well, it has in a way, but I know everyone would like to see justice brought to the criminal that started this whole thing.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:28, 23 December 2010 (UTC)

 * I looked into this about two months ago and found nothing. No arrest, no evidence that a serious investigation or manhunt had ever occurred, nothing. Maybe there's something new out there—in which case you're welcome to find that information and incorporate it into the article—but I doubt it. —Bill Price (nyb) 00:18, 24 December 2010 (UTC)

 * did they ever catch the perp? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:42, 17 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Antoine Dodson/Archives/2017


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Konjam Konjam

The result was speedy keep. Nomination withdrawn. (non-admin closure) TamilMirchi (talk) 15:09, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

Konjam Konjam

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

One film review is not enough for an article (New Indian Express). TamilMirchi (talk) 21:49, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Actors and filmmakers-related deletion discussions. TamilMirchi (talk) 21:49, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Film-related deletion discussions. TamilMirchi (talk) 21:49, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. TamilMirchi (talk) 21:49, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Keep has reliable sources coverage such as this film review here and there should be more online and offline such as printed Tamil film magazines, do you consult them ? imv Atlantic306 (talk) 22:50, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Keep Quick search seems to indicate its a legit film, plus reviews cited above. Deathlibrarian (talk) 01:26, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Keep: seems to pass the GNG. Not all sources need to be English. --Slashme (talk) 10:54, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment. There are now two reviews. Kindly speedy keep this article. TamilMirchi (talk) 14:01, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment, TamilMirchi, seeing as you are the creator of this AfD, and there are no delete votes, you can withdraw your nomination and close this yourself. Thanks. Donaldd23 (talk) 14:49, 18 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
User:Profe Kee

I just read an interesting book called--Momentum--about social change in the age of connectedness. The author, one of the founders of moveon.org, is very excited about such things as open source projects. I began to think of how I might use such a technology in my university teaching. I am a sociologist with a focus on communities. I often assign students collaborative research projects and thought that there might be a place for wiki. Of course, that means that I need to become familiar with how it works for myself.

title: User:Profe Kee


text:
Arab Parliament

The Arab Parliament is the legislative body of the Arab League. At the 19th Arab League Summit in Amman, the Arab states agreed to create an Arab Parliament, and came up with a resolution to give Amr Moussa the Secretary General of the Arab League the power to start and create the Parliament. In 2004, in the ordinary Arab League Summit in Algiers was the official date where all Arab League Members agreed to send their representative to the temporary Parliament sessions that took place in the headquarters of the Arab League in Cairo, Egypt, with each member state sending four members, until the Parliament is reassigned permanently to its under-construction office in Damascus.

The headquarters was in Damascus until on May 22, 2012, the sessions were suspended and transferred to Cairo. The Arab League is now preparing to move the headquarters of the parliament to Baghdad.

Adel Al Asoomi (of Bahrain) is the current Speaker of the Parliament.

List of Members of the Parliament

 * Algeria : Abd-Allah Bousnan
 * Algeria : Abd-El-Hak Boumashra
 * Algeria : Ammar Sa'adany
 * Algeria : Amr Bouiflan
 * Bahrain : Abd-El-Aziz Abd-Allah Al-Moussiy
 * Comoros : Elwei Sayed Muhammed
 * Comoros : Nour-Eddine Midlaj
 * Djibouti : Abd-El-Rahman Hassan Riala
 * Djibouti : Fahmy Ahmed Muhammed Al-Hajj
 * Djibouti : Moemen Bahdoun Fareh
 * Djibouti : Muhammed Edwita Yousif
 * Egypt : Mostafa El-Feqqy
 * Egypt : Raga'a Ismail al Arabi
 * Egypt : Sa'ad Gamal
 * Egypt : Sana Abd El-Mene'em El-Banna
 * Iraq : Abbas Al-Biat.       i
 * Iraq : Moufid El-Jaza'ery
 * Iraq : Nour-Eddine Sa'id El-Heyaly
 * Iraq : Sertib Muhammad Hussein
 * Jordan : Abd-El-Hady Attallah Ammegalli
 * Jordan : Abd-El-Karim Faisal El-Daghmy
 * Jordan : Muhammed Abd-Allah Abou-Hedib
 * Jordan : Salwa Damin El-Masri
 * Kuwait : Abd-El-Wahed Mahmoud El-Awadi
 * Kuwait : Ali Salim Al-Daqbasi
 * Kuwait : Awad Bard El-Enzzi
 * Kuwait : Mohammed Jassem Al-Sager
 * Kuwait : Walid Khaled Al-Gary
 * Lebanon : Ali Khreiss
 * Lebanon : Robert Iskandar Ghanem
 * Libya : Hoda Fathy Salim Bin-Amer
 * Libya : Abd Alsalam Naseya
 * Mauritania : Muhammed Weld El-Sheikh Al-Moustafa
 * Mauritania : Muhammed Weld Harun Weld El-Sheikh Seddeya
 * Mauritania : Muhammed Weld Muhammed El-Hafez
 * Mauritania : Salma Bint Tekdi
 * Morocco : Abd-El-Raham Lidek
 * Morocco : Abd-El-Wahed Arrady
 * Morocco : Seddik Ghoule
 * Oman : Ali Bin-Said El Behya'i
 * Oman : Fahd Bin-Majid Al-Mamari
 * Oman : Sief Bin Hashim El-Maskary
 * Oman : Soud Bin Ahmed El Berouani
 * Palestine : Rawhi Fattouh
 * Palestine : Salim Zanoun
 * Qatar : Aisha Yousef al-Mannai
 * Qatar : Mubarak Ghanem Bouthamer Ali
 * Qatar : Nasser Khalil El-Jidah
 * Saudi Arabia : Mansour Bin-Mahmoud Abd-El-Ghaffar
 * Saudi Arabia : Muhammed Bin-Abd-Allah Bin-Muhammed El-Ghamdi
 * Saudi Arabia : Muhammed Bin-Ibrahim Bin-Muhammed El-Helwa
 * Somalia : Zakaria Mohamed Haji-Abdi
 * Somalia : Muhammed Amr Tolha
 * Somalia : Muhammed Mualim Abd-El-Rahman
 * Somalia : Qamar Adam Ali
 * Sudan : Muhammed El-Hussein Al-Amin Ahmed Nasser
 * Sudan : Salih Ahmed El-Toum El-Omraby
 * Sudan : Samia Hussein Sayed Ahmed
 * Syria : Mahmoud El-Abrash
 * Syria : Nasser Qaddour
 * Tunisia : A'eda Morgan Haram El-Shemsy
 * Tunisia : Muhammed Bin-Hady Ouaynee
 * Tunisia : Muhammed Sobhi Boudreballah
 * Tunisia : Omara Bin-Muhammed Al-Makhloufy
 * United Arab Emirates : Abd-El-Rahman Ali Al-Shamsy
 * United Arab Emirates : Muhammed Salim El-Mazrouy
 * Yemen : Abd-Allah Ahmed Ghanem
 * Yemen : Ali Abd-allah Abou-Hleika
 * Yemen : Mansour Aziz Hamoud El-Zendany

Observers

 * 🇹🇷 (2010)

title: Arab Parliament


text:
SNFO Flight Planning/Philosophy of this project

Purpose of this Wikibook
Every year, a group of instructors gathers to incorporate errata, changes, and revisions to each and every Flight Training Instruction (FTI). This process typically involves many hours of painful meetings where every change—from major procedural modification to typographical correction—undergoes intense scrutiny. Without fail, as soon as the updated version arrives from the printer, people begin to notice mistakes.

Why does this occur? Despite the best intentions and vast collective experience of those charged with revising the FTI, they are but a small subset of its users, and can't possibly keep track of and correct every error to everyone's satisfaction. Even if every instructor or student who thought of a correction or suggestion while reading the FTI sent that input in to the committee, there would still be items overlooked or, at the very best, phrased ineffectually.

By locating this document in a venue where anyone has the power to edit, revise, clarify, and make corrections to it, we hope to capitalize on the collective knowledge and intelligence not only of every instructor involved in the program, but also that of the students, as well as military aviators serving in other training and operational commands, and even civilians who may bring fresh insight to what has been, until now, a largely closed instructional guide.

What this document is not
First and foremost, it should be emphasized that this version of the Flight Planning FTI is not the official source for anything! Since it may be modified, in any way, by any person, and at any time, it should always be regarded as gouge. It is, of course, the goal of this project to facilitate a continuously evolving improvement to every printed version, and in that sense, it should usually be a better reference. However, in any conflict between this Wikibook and the printed version, the published FTI and its official errata shall be considered authoritative.

In addition, it's important for those not directly associated with this training curriculum to remember that this document is not necessarily, nor is it intended to be, applicable to flight operations in general. In particular, although military aviation is subject to many of the same regulations as civil aviation, there are also many instances where service or local directives take precedence and may diverge from FAR Part 91.

Similarly, while we also train U.S. Air Force Student Navigators, as well as officers from several allied nations, all of the flight operations conducted in this program fall under U.S. Navy flight regulations. Please try to remember that the ultimate audience of this text is Primary Student NFOs/Navigators, and avoid cluttering it with material that, although it may apply to certain subsets of them in the future, is not applicable to the environment at hand. When in doubt, check to make sure any additional material directly supports the terminal and enabling objectives of the course.

Finally, there may be instances when this publication is more restrictive than any governing regulation. Again, because we instruct students in a relatively early stage of flight training, it is often necessary to provide more direction than is actually required by the rules under which Fleet aviators operate. Changes modifying these procedures on the grounds that they are not specified by governing directives should be made cautiously.

How to contribute
Everyone who reads these pages is now part of the group of people described above, charged with making corrections and improvements to this FTI. The difference is, you don't have to sit through hours of painful meetings or have a grand plan for overhauling the course. That's the advantage of the Wiki philosophy. It doesn't matter if you're a student in the Flight Planning class right now—you can still provide valuable input. We're eager to have your assistance, but before you get started, please browse through the help pages to get a feel for what a Wikibook is all about and how to contribute.

There are several ways in which you can help make this coursebook better:
 * Fixing typos or inconsistent formatting – even without any particular knowledge of the subject matter, just about everyone is capable of identifying and addressing this
 * Copyediting for clarity – this can range from rephrasing paragraphs for grammar to rewriting entire sections in order to explain topics more effectively (often, students are the best source for this, as more seasoned aviators may take certain things for granted that really do warrant a more thorough explanation)
 * Making modifications to content – more rarely, you may find that changes to governing instructions have rendered material factually inaccurate or you might have suggestions for substantively changing what we teach

When editing, don't be shy—be bold instead. If you're pretty certain that something needs to be changed, it probably does. Don't worry too much about making a mistake. Every version of each topic is retained in that page's History, and it's simple to revert back to a previous version if something is changed in error. That having been said, if you're at all unsure, do your research. Talk to your peers, call the course manager, or, better yet, try to verify your changes using official sources. (The ../References/ page is a good place to begin looking.) This will help make sure that your edits benefit the project instead of leading others astray, and it will also have the added advantage of increasing your professional knowledge.

If you think that something needs to be modified but you don't know how to phrase it, can't figure out if it's factually accurate, or if your change is potentially controversial, consider beginning a discourse on that module's Discussion page instead. Others will chime in to help come to a consensus, at which point you, or someone else, can modify the module accordingly.

Other concerns
At this point, I'm sure you can readily see the advantages provided by, and incredible potential of, collaborating as a group on this project. However, you may also be asking yourself a few nervous questions:
 * What keeps someone from editing an article and accidentally including incorrect information?
 * What keeps someone from editing an article and intentionally including incorrect information?
 * What stops someone with malicious intent from vandalizing the entire work?
 * Who's in control of this whole Wikibook thing?

The answer to all four questions, of course, is you! An active community of benevolent readers and contributors is much more powerful than a single bad apple. Any errors that are introduced—accidentally or intentionally—can be easily reverted with a couple of clicks from a page's History. For an incredible example of how the Wiki concept can succeed in creating an accurate reference while remaining completely open and free, take a look at Wikipedia.


text:
Military ranks of Zimbabwe

The Military ranks of Zimbabwe are the military insignia used by the Zimbabwe Defence Forces. Zimbabwe is a landlocked country, and does therefore not possess a navy.

Commissioned officer ranks
The rank insignia of commissioned officers.

Other ranks
The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.

title: Military ranks of Zimbabwe


text:
Statistics/Distributions/Bernoulli

Bernoulli Distribution: The coin toss
There is no more basic random event than the flipping of a coin. Heads or tails. It's as simple as you can get! The "Bernoulli Trial" refers to a single event which can have one of two possible outcomes with a fixed probability of each occurring. You can describe these events as "yes or no" questions. For example:

 * Will the coin land heads?
 * Will the newborn child be a girl?
 * Are a random person's eyes green?
 * Will a mosquito die after the area was sprayed with insecticide?
 * Will a potential customer decide to buy my product?
 * Will a citizen vote for a specific candidate?
 * Is an employee going to vote pro-union?
 * Will this person be abducted by aliens in their lifetime?

The Bernoulli Distribution has one controlling parameter: the probability of success. A "fair coin" or an experiment where success and failure are equally likely will have a probability of 0.5 (50%). Typically the variable p is used to represent this parameter.

If a random variable X is distributed with a Bernoulli Distribution with a parameter p we write its probability mass function as:

 * $$f(x) = \begin{cases}p, & \mbox{if } x = 1\\1-p, & \mbox{if } x = 0\end{cases}\quad 0\leq p \leq 1$$

Where the event X=1 represents the "yes."

This distribution may seem trivial, but it is still a very important building block in probability. The Binomial distribution extends the Bernoulli distribution to encompass multiple "yes" or "no" cases with a fixed probability. Take a close look at the examples cited above. Some similar questions will be presented in the next section which might give an understanding of how these distributions are related.

Mean
The mean (E[X]) can be derived:

 * $$\operatorname{E}[X] = \sum_i f(x_i) \cdot x_i$$
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X] = p \cdot 1 + (1-p) \cdot 0$$
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X]= p \,$$

Variance

 * $$\operatorname{Var}(X) = \operatorname{E}[(X-\operatorname{E}[X])^2] = \sum_i f(x_i) \cdot (x_i - \operatorname{E}[X])^2$$
 * $$\operatorname{Var}(X)= p \cdot (1-p)^2 + (1-p) \cdot (0-p)^2 $$
 * $$\operatorname{Var}(X)= [p(1-p) + p^2](1-p) \,$$
 * $$\operatorname{Var}(X)= p(1-p) \,$$

title: Statistics/Distributions/Bernoulli


text:
Talk:Peter Jona Korn

Feedback from New Page Review process
I left the following feedback for the creator/future reviewers while reviewing this article: Good job.

Megan Barris  (Lets talk📧)  11:46, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Peter Jona Korn


text:
Talk:Shar Ink

It looks like RA-74015 is an An-74-D, not AN-74-200, as can be seen on photo below:

https://www.planespotters.net/photo/992434/ra-74015-shar-ink-antonov-an-74d — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:41, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shar Ink


text:
Conlang/Advanced/Grammar/Alignment/Trigger

Trigger systems are apparently found only in conlangs, inspired by the applicativization systems of Austronesian languages like the Filipino language Tagalog.

In the case systems of English and other Indo-European languages, there's typically a subject (agent of the action), a verb (action) and an object or several objects (patient(s) of the action). Trigger languages on the other hand divide things into agent, patient and other objects.

The differences between "trigger languages" and "nominative/accusative languages" are:

 * What the sentence is about (the emphasis so to speak) is lexicalized, although still pragmatic -- This is called the trigger, focus or topic of a sentence.
 * The trigger can be the agent or the patient or perhaps have any other theta role, so calling the triggered argument "subject" does not make sense.
 * Such languages need no explicit passive voice because they can do this with triggers: for instance,
 * I-TRG drink-TRG=AGT milk-PAT ( I drink milk.)
 * I-AGT drink-TRG=PAT milk-TRG (I drink milk . / Milk is drunk by me).

Triggering works as follows: Every argument of the sentence is marked for its role (agent, patient, other objects). The triggered argument is marked on the verb. In Carsten Becker's conlang Ayeri, perhaps the best known trigger conlang, trigger and case marker change places.


text:
Arcieri

Arcieri is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Leila Arcieri (born 1973), American actress, model, and businesswoman
 * Maurizio Arcieri (1942–2015), Italian singer

title: Arcieri


text:
User:Drewpowersmt

Vocation: Librarian

Interests: making food from scratch, recycling/reusing/repurposing, community, learning more to become better at it all.

Location: Whitefish, Montana

Purpose on Wikipedia: learning the technical aspects, practicing good research, sharing the knowledge with local experts.

Conflict of Interest Statement (COI):"I am a beginning editor as of September, 2017, starting from an ongoing webinar entitled “Wikipedia + Libraries: Better Together.""I work for a public library and am thus an employee of the City of Whitefish, Montana.  I see that the article on Whitefish, Montana has insufficient citations (citing information printed by the city itself) and hope to get those updated and upgraded.""I will make a sincere effort to not edit when I am hungry, angry or too tired/cynical to care.""I will strive to strictly abide by Wikipedia's accepted practices on conflicts of interest, neutrality, and notability. Please don’t hesitate to contact me with any questions or concerns – I am usually amazed at the narrowness of my perspective at any given time."""

title: User:Drewpowersmt


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/richonomy.com

Links

 * richonomy.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 2 additions.


text:
Barrie Vassallo

Barrie Emmanuel Vassallo (born 1 March 1956) is a Welsh former professional football midfielder. He represented Wales at schools' level. He was most recently manager of Chepstow Town F.C.

Playing career
Vassallo began his career as an apprentice at Arsenal, turning professional in May 1973. He failed to break into the first team at Highbury, moving to Plymouth Argyle in November 1974 for a fee of £10,000. His appearances at Argyle were limited by the presence of Paul Mariner in the Pilgrims' side, Vassallo only making 13 league appearances (7 of which were as substitute), scoring twice, before leaving for Aldershot. He left Aldershot without making the first team, joining non-league Barnstaple Town.

In March 1977 he returned to league football, joining Torquay United for a fee of £3,000. He quickly established himself in the first team, playing all of the last 15 games of the 1976–77 season. The following season started in a similar fashion, with a run of 26 games from the start of the season before losing his place to Kenny Raper. He made just three further appearances that season, in place of Willie Brown.

Although he played the first game of the 1978–79 season, he would make only one further appearance for Torquay, as a substitute for Lindsay Parsons in a 1–0 defeat away to AFC Bournemouth in November 1978 before returning to non-league football with Welsh side Bridgend Town. He went on to play for Kidderminster Harriers, Merthyr Tydfil, and Gloucester City, before retiring due to injury, on which he was given a testimonial by Gloucester City in the 1987–88 season, with Arsenal being the visitors. He later came out of retirement to play for Newport County and Cinderford Town.

Management
In 1997, he became manager of Welsh League side Chepstow Town, guiding them from the Gwent County League to the Welsh League Division Two. He left Chepstow in the summer of 2001 when he was appointed manager of Caldicot Town (AFC), resigning in August 2002 just a week before the start of the season. He later returned to manage Chepstow Town, helping them avoid relegation from the Welsh League Division Three

He later returned to manage Chepstow for a third time in February 2006, again guiding them to Welsh League Division Three safety, but stepped down as manager in July 2006 at the age of 50, reportedly due to an impending knee operation.

title: Barrie Vassallo


text:
María Monvel

María Monvel (born Tilda Brito in 1899; died 1936 ) was a Chilean poet of national significance. Her work was highly praised by Gabriela Mistral.

title: María Monvel


text:
User:Marnie Hawes/TWA/Earth

=Earth= The Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is one of the four terrestrial planets in our Solar System. This means most of its mass is solid. The other threes are Mercury, Mars, and Venus. The Earth is also called the Blue Planet, Planet Earth, and Terra.

The Earth is home to millions of species of plants and animals, including humans.

Formation of Earth
Science shows that the Earth formed around 4.5 billion years ago. The organisms that live on Earth have completely changed its air (atmosphere); this is called a biosphere. 71% of Earth's surface is covered in salt water oceans. Earth is the only place in the Solar System where liquid water is known to exist at present. The other 29% is made of rocky land in the shape of continents and islands. Earth interacts with other objects in the Solar System, particularly the Sun and the Moon. The Earth orbits or goes around the Sun roughly once every 365.25 days. One spin is called a day and one orbit around the Sun is called a year. This is why there are 365 days in a year, but a leap day is added once every 4 years.

=Earth= The Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is one of the fore terrestrial planets in our Solar System. This means most of its mass is solid. The other three are Mercury, Mars, and Venus. The Earth is also called the Blue Planet, Planet Earth, and Terra.

The Earth is home to millions of species of plants and animals, including humans.

Formation of Earth
Science shows that the Earth formed around 4.5 billion years ago. The organisms that live on Earth have completely changed its air (atmosphere); this is called a biosphere. 71% of Earth's surface is covered in salt water oceans. Earth is the only place in the Solar System where liquid water is known to exist at present. The other 29% is made of rocky land in the shape of continents and islands. Earth interacts with other objects in the Solar System, particularly the Sun and the Moon. The Earth orbits or goes around the Sun roughly once every 365.25 days. One spin is called a day and one orbit around the Sun is called a year. This is why there are 365 days in a year, but a leap day is added once every 4 years.

title: User:Marnie Hawes/TWA/Earth


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jennifer Humphreys

The result was delete. - Mailer Diablo 16:54, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Jennifer Humphreys
Minor TV reporter. Zero Google hits on her name when coupled with ITV, Border or Lookaround Nuttah68 15:30, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as nn. Claims to be one of the "most respected", but there are no references to back this up. Akradecki 15:48, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  22:33, 11 August 2006 (UTC)