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Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Humanities/2017 September 15

= September 15 =

Anthony Weiner
He pled guilty and is scheduled for sentencing soon. But I'm having a hard time finding (e.g. from Anthony Weiner sexting scandals) exactly what he did that got him charged in the first place. I get that there were dirty pictures involved and I have no desire to see them, but I'd like to find some kind of concrete text description of what was in them, e.g. "Picture #23 was Anthony Wiener standing butt nekkid on top of a refrigerator waving his bits around" or whatever.

Like if someone is admits to robbing a bank, I don't want to see "he pled guilty to statue XYZ against bank robbery"-- I want to see "he held up the Anytown National Bank, 123 Main Street, Anytown NY, at 2:15 PM on [date] by passing a note to the teller saying "give me all your quarters! while brandishing an Uzi submachine gun". I.e. the exact details of the offense.  Those sorts of descriptions are seen in police and FBI complaints all the time (there were some good ones in the Cliven/Ammon Bundy sagas) but I haven't been able to find one for Wiener.  The only thing I saw was a provocative picture of Wiener in bed in his underwear, way creepy under the circumstances, but not especially more explicit than stuff shown on TV all the time.

Thanks.

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:51, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

 * This (somewhat) answers your question. Did you see this: ?  I don't think you will get specific and precise information about what exactly the photographs entailed.  They simply say "sexually explicit images" in that document linked here.    Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 03:38, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

 * And here is his plea agreement, which (like the document above) only offers legal mumbo-jumbo and not the specific details that you are inquiring about: .   Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 04:06, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

 * The British news offers more sordid details than the American news market. See here: .    Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 04:22, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I hadn't seen the DOJ press release per se, but I saw some mentions of "obscene material", which (maybe I'm wrong) I thought in a context like that means material meeting all three prongs of the Miller test (ordinary pornography generally isn't considered obscene these days, despite being sexually explicit). The Daily Mail article adds some color and insinuates that the underage girl sent Wiener nude pics (child porn?) at his request, but doesn't actually say so afaict.  It says the same stuff I heard before about Wiener with his shirt off, and schoolgirl outfits on the other person.  There doesn't seem to have been any outright sex solicitation.  Overall the stuff described is beyond icky, but I still find it hard to pinpoint Wiener's specific acts that triggered the criminal statutes. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:24, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Added, yes, I did see the plea agreement earlier, and its lack of specifics was mostly what led me into posting the question in the first place. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:29, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

 * I have not reviewed the case thoroughly. But, I don't think that he was ever being charged with -- nor were there ever any allegations of -- him soliciting sex from a minor.  The crime was simply sending the photos to a minor.  That, in and of itself, constituted the crime.  In other words, it is illegal to send to a minor sexually explicit photographs.  That's it.  And that's what he did.  I don't think there were ever any instances of him actually soliciting sex from the young minors.    Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 07:35, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

 * This is the crime that he committed. Or, rather, this is the statute that he violated.  18 U.S. Code § 1470 - Transfer of obscene material to minors - Whoever, using the mail or any facility or means of interstate or foreign commerce, knowingly transfers obscene matter to another individual who has not attained the age of 16 years, knowing that such other individual has not attained the age of 16 years, or attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.  So, simply sending the photos -- without any solicitation of sex -- was the criminal act, in and of itself.  I assume he sent many photo's, not just one, by the way.     Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 07:39, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

 * You stated: I still find it hard to pinpoint Wiener's specific acts that triggered the criminal statutes. The answer is: he sent emails or texts (or whatever) of sexually explicit photographs.  And those specific acts are a violation of the federal statute that I cited above.  Perhaps, news outlets (trying to get better ratings) erroneously stated -- or inferred -- that he was trying to solicit sex from these minors.  Which, as far as I know, he did not.  Or, at least, such was not alleged by the federal government.  So, that might be the source of your confusion?   Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 07:46, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Above, you mentioned the definition of "obscenity" and how the U.S. Supreme Court defined it through case law (e.g., the "Miller test"). However, see this source from the U.S. Department of Justice: Citizen's Guide To U.S. Federal Law On Obscenity.  It says: The standard of what is harmful to minors may differ from the standard applied to adults.  Harmful materials for minors include  any communication  consisting of nudity, sex or excretion that (i) appeals to the prurient interest of minors, (ii) is patently offensive to prevailing standards in the adult community with respect to what is suitable material for minors, (iii) and lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value for minors.  (I myself added the bold to the text.)  So, what is considered "obscene" for (or harmful to) minors is not defined by the "Miller test".  The standards are much lower (i.e., less restrictive; broader in scope).  Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 07:57, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Oh interesting, thanks, I didn't know about the differing obscenity standard for minors. But I still haven't seen anywhere a clear statement that he sent explicit material that actually says what the material was.  We usually wouldn't charge someone with murder without saying who they killed and how they did it, so something is still missing or being treated specially here. I know about the underwear pic but I'd have a hard time calling that explicit.  And he did send an explicit pic (to a non-minor) a few years earlier in the "Carlos Danger" saga, and the press didn't have trouble reporting the details that time.  It seems almost like a cover-up where the person pleads to a fictitious lesser charge to avoid getting prosecuted for something they did that was even worse.  (Not saying I believe that theory, just that it would explain some things). <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:49, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

 * A few comments. One: Perhaps, if you could find the federal government's (prosecutor's) charging documents, they might outline more clearly what they meant by "explicit photographs".  I looked for them (very quickly), but I could not find them online.  Two: I believe that some photographs involved him having an erection.  It was "covered" (e.g., underneath his underwear or boxers or such), but it was still clearly an erection visible.  I assume that "counts" as explicit or obscene for these purposes.  Three:  There was a settlement reached.  Which means that, regardless of what evidence the prosecutors did -- or did not -- put forth, Weiner himself agreed that his photographs were obscene/explicit.  So, if Weiner himself agrees to that point, there is no further need for the prosecutors to prove that point.  That is, there is no need for them to disclose or publish the photographs or even any descriptions of them.  It is a "done deal" that Weiner himself agrees that the photographs were explicit/obscene.  Because he agreed to the settlement.  That is, he agreed that he violated that statute.  So, these are just some points to ponder.  If you really want to get the explicit details, your best bet is to find the charging document.  Even then, it might simply be an affidavit from a detective stating: "I saw the photographs and they were obscene", without detailing what exactly was in the photographs.  All this being said, I think that whatever information is already "out there" (for example, that British Daily Mail article) more or less gives us the "flavor" of what types of photographs he was sending.     Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 17:14, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Thanks as usual; I wasn't able to find the charging docs with some web searches, but I did see the plea agreement, and I knew that Wiener admitted sending obscene material, but without saying what it was as far as I can tell. IMHO that created more sense of mystery rather than less, and the mystery was what led me to look into the question.  It's like a Mafia member signing a plea deal admitting that he killed someone but not saying who he killed.  What exactly is going on? The boner pic in the underwear is imho dubious for meeting an obscenity standard given that there is even underwear advertising like that (warning: direct picture link).  And another ex-congressmember, Dennis Hastert, did some jail time nominally for drawing too much cash out of the bank without notifying the IRS, but the underlying situation (he drew the money to pay off one of his child molestation victims) wasn't originally disclosed.  So I still have to wonder if something is going on with the Weiner case that doesn't meet the eye. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:38, 16 September 2017 (UTC)

 * You're welcome. Some thought and comments.  One:  I am not quite sure what you are "looking for".  Do you want a statement that indicates what the photo depicts?  Do you want a statement that indicates to whom he sent the photo?  I am not sure what specific info you would like.  Two:      I would suspect that an erection photo would easily fit the (looser and more relaxed) standards for minors.  Three:  That advertisement for underwear was from Germany, not the USA, I believe.  Four:  What nefarious things do you suspect are going on?  Are you wondering if the federal government is trying to "help" Weiner by not disclosing too many embarrassing details?  I think that ship has long since sailed.  So, I am not sure what you think might be being "covered up" and by whom?  And to what end?  It seems illogical that the FBI would be on Weiner's "side", helping him in any way.  They are, after all, sending him to prison.  They are adding him to the Sex Offender Registry.  And, if they really had wanted to, they could have chosen to not pursue anything at all here.   Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 05:09, 16 September 2017 (UTC)

 * As far as some specifics: The Daily Mail article (here: ) states that the female victim says that Weiner sent her pornographic videos and also nude photographs of himself.  Those two items would certainly violate the statute in question.     Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 05:20, 16 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Here are some more legal documents -- 22 pages -- but they don't say much: . Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 05:41, 16 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Here is a 71-page legal memo: . Very interesting.  It delves into the history/life of Weiner.  And it talks at length about his crime. Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 05:46, 16 September 2017 (UTC)

Is rape about power and control or sexual gratification?
What do research studies say?Uncle dan is home (talk) 03:40, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

 * For starters, you can read the Rape and the Causes of sexual violence articles. Both articles discuss the topic of your concern.  Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 03:45, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

 * You can also Google these "search terms" and get a million results.   Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 15:28, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

 * This is the subject of the ITV drama series Liar, of which the first episode aired last Monday (available on catchup).  See Thordis Elva. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:19, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Do you think they have to be mutually exclusive? {The poster formerly known as <IP_ADDRESS>} <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:39, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Exactly. I am sure that, in some rape cases, it's about power/control.  And I am sure that, in other rape cases, it's about sexual gratification.  (Two things that, generally speaking, overlap considerably.)  And, in other rape cases, I am sure that it's a combination of these two factors.  And, of course, there are a myriad of other reasons (beyond power/control and sexual gratification) that can be thrown into the mix.     Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 15:27, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Rape is about forced sex. Anything beyond that is an opinion or point of view. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:58, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * So if force = power, and sex = gratification, then you're just saying the same thing as the others. --TammyMoet (talk) 11:46, 16 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Well, I take "force = power" but "sex = short for sexual intercourse, forced or unforced, with or without gratification". When shortened, there seems to be slight change in meaning, that sex only refers to voluntary sex. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:10, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

Evaluating religious bias and affirmative action
I've been watching the travails of the Daily Stormer as it has been repeatedly denied DNS registration, and in the process I've run across a fair amount of anti-Semitic propaganda, of which some of the most cogent and virulent targets companies like CNN, claiming that they have a massive bias toward Jews in their workforce and upper management. I remember years ago seeing similar claims (in more mainstream media) made about the Moonies, who were said to have gotten some kind of stranglehold on film editing, if I remember correctly, and controlling media outlets like the Washington Times.

I'm wondering -- is there relevant mainstream theory here? I mean, well, first off, is there any truth to the claims of Jewish predominance at CNN, but more importantly, if there are a large number of Jewish employees, then what is the prevailing theory, law, or opinion about whether "affirmative action" should be taken to increase diversity, whether on behalf of blacks, whites, or Christians? Is there a difference between a company with a statistically improbable excess of Moonies and one with an improbable excess of Lutherans? Wnt (talk) 17:04, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * There's two questions here, assuming the best of faith; 1) Has anyone taken the data necessary to produce an answer for your question and 2) Is there any compelling reason for anyone to have taken that data. Any number of "studies" could have been undertaken regarding data for a population of people; the number of left-handed people, or people born in July, or people whose middle toe is slightly longer than their second toe.  Hypothetically, if we were to find a disproportionate number of July birthdates among upper management at CNN, should it then lead us to conclude a systematic problem or deliberate attempt to put July-born people in positions in control over the media?  If that seems patently ridiculous, that's why such a study has never been done.  Replace "July-born" with "Jewish" and it becomes no less stupid.  Any such accusation is anti-semitic at its core; because the notion that it's data which if it were known would lead to any meaningful conclusion about media bias is, at its core, anti-semtic.  So no, the data doesn't exist, and if it did, it wouldn't mean anything.  -- Jayron 32 18:08, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

 * See also Who is a Jew? and http://www.tylervigen.com/spurious-correlations (((The Quixotic Potato))) (talk) 18:16, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Questions that on the surface seem ridiculous may not actually be so. Top athletes' birthdays are not evenly distributed across the year, see Relative age effect; and as for fingers (or who knows, maybe toes too) there is "a correlation between the 2D:4D digit ratio and various physical and behavioral traits", according to digit ratio. Carbon Caryatid (talk) 18:52, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * The Relative age effect is a function of the systems for selecting athletes rather than because the athletes themselves are conspiring to keep out people with the wrong birthdates. The implication that because such an effect exist therefore we should worry about Jewish people working for CNN seems spurious at best.  -- Jayron 32 19:15, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I was thinking of correlation, possibly causation, not conspiracy. Quakers used to be brewers and bankers; now they are teachers and social workers (in Britain, at least ). I would hope that sociologists of industry can study such phenomena without being accused of conspiracy theories. Carbon Caryatid (talk) 23:07, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Oh, they can. So long as they aren't trying to be bigots.  -- Jayron 32 03:06, 16 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I'm not really following your argument above. Are you suggesting that all ethnic hiring bias is unlikely, so that affirmative action can be avoided in every case, or are there certain groups who participate in it and others who do not, or should be assumed not to?  I mean, there are multiple explanations for bias, but I wouldn't think that one hypothesis for such bias would be exceptionally unlikely or mysterious: that all people in charge have a tendency to hire by who they know or even (like certain Presidents) who they are related to, and this skews the frequencies.  For example, if you look at any high profile scientific journal, you'll see various lab groups in the U.S. with last authors (typically the bosses) from China, Russia, India and so on.  If you look at the list of names for the other authors from that lab group, do you expect them to be random, or to be pretty much of the same ethnicity as their boss?  Try it if you aren't sure what to expect. Wnt (talk) 03:16, 16 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I haven't made any argument. -- Jayron 32 03:32, 16 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Looking further, another possibility is exogenous bias. For example, Trumped! (book), writing in 1991, claimed that Donald Trump had told the author "And isn’t it funny, I’ve got black accountants at the Trump Castle and at Trump Plaza. Black guys counting my money! I hate it. The only kind of people I want counting my money are short guys that wear yarmulkes every day. Those are the kind of people I want counting my money. No one else."   The quote is second hand, but Jerusalem Post dug into this one in interesting ways,  calling it "affirmative prejudice" or "philosemitism"; it says that the distinction between philosemitism and antisemitism can be subtle, but at the same time points out that Fred Trump was attested, by multiple agents, to have disqualified blacks as tenants while encouraging "Jews and executives". Wnt (talk) 09:27, 17 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I think Morgan Freeman says it best when he says "Stop talking about it." That takes place in this interview. And I don't think the point is the literal one. One can talk about anything. But the preternatural focus on race and religion and ethnicity and gender and sexual orientation is its own problem. In other words if you don't have anything intelligent to say it may be better to shut up. Bus stop (talk) 12:30, 17 September 2017 (UTC)
 * So when people tell me they are being systematically discriminated against and seem to offer numbers to back it up, which ones do I pay attention to and which ones do I tell to shut up? I mean, reverse racism claims seem worth taking seriously, though not necessarily siding with, even when the minority group in question is historically disadvantaged and underrepresented in an industry.  But in this example it is not immediately obvious that either of these things is the case - therefore, wouldn't a refusal to evaluate the claim seriously  have the effect of contributing to racism rather than opposing it? Wnt (talk) 17:46, 17 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I'm not telling you to shut up though I can understand it sounds like that and I apologize for that unintended implication. Bus stop (talk) 20:01, 17 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Reverse racism claims are not to be taken seriously. It's merely the unjustified whining of people who have enjoyed the benefits of bigotry for so long that when others get access to what they have, they feel resentful.  -- Jayron 32 23:08, 17 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I was going to avoid editorializing, but I feel like we're doing more shadow-boxing than analysis here. I'm at little risk of surviving an "alt-right" utopia, but I think that is all the more reason to listen to what they say.  Potentially we might have (unwisely) ignored them for decades, but a pattern of escalating censorship is rapidly propelling them into the mainstream.  If we want to stop them at all we need to make a pre-emptive ideological raid - go into their content, steal any valid complaints they can make, and address those with a more sensible and careful liberal ideology (such as formulations of affirmative action that avoid any explicit racial bias in how it is applied) -- before the Stormer or something like it is sold in every supermarket.  Censorship is the purest expression of injustice, and presages terrible things, but one thing it never does is actually succeed at whatever it claims to be its purpose. Wnt (talk) 12:17, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Two points 1) You're the only one speaking of censorship here 2) Free speech means that people get to criticise the assholes of the world too. It only protects those assholes from legal ramifications, it does NOT protect them from social ones, and private individuals can, and should, be empowered to shout down bigotry when they encounter it.  Just because the government cannot stop hate speech, doesn't mean that the people need to tolerate it without criticism or reaction.  Fighting bigotry is not censorship.  -- Jayron 32 12:50, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * My reference to censorship in this context was mainly that it is making it more urgent to consider these issues. But I should note that I'm not talking about the vast numbers of peaceful counter-protesters who showed up to promote the opposing point of view; rather I'm speaking a) of official actions (such as Charlottesville's decision to shut down the right-wing rally while allowing the other side to move into city streets without a permit, which successfully provoked a violent attack that otherwise may well have never happened) and (b) of corporate actions, such as the DNS cancellations and a long trail of miscellaneous incidents against various racists or maybe-racists perpetrated by companies supposedly to express their opposition to racism --- though Daily Stormer, needless to say, eagerly seizes on each one and plays it to the hilt!  Which is not what you would expect if these were in fact a productive strategy.
 * In short, I would say that censorship can be public or private, and it is a bad idea in either case. Obviously the aspect of injustice applies more to a government that incarcerates people than to a neighbor who yells insults and nonsense to drown out a speaker, but neither approach will succeed in educating the public.  And the relish with which corporations discover the pleasures of exerting private and arbitrary power as oligopolies is unhealthy - unhealthy to people with any cause or belief (e.g. Colin Kaepernick).  It is also unhealthy in that the Chinese Harmonious Society with a single fount of censorship would appear to have an economic advantage over a society in which your DNS provider, your cab company, your local football team, maybe tomorrow your supermarket all have to go over your social media postings and decide who is a bad person and what policy distinctions they have to make because of it.  I mean, there's no way the United States can compete against China at doing censorship cheaply and efficiently, and the result is an endless series of corporate black eyes and apologies because some Google employee thinks nutty things about women or some Facebook advertising term went unnoticed. Wnt (talk) 13:35, 18 September 2017 (UTC)


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Template:Did you know nominations/Abraham Khalfon

The result was: promoted by Miyagawa (talk) 12:13, 14 February 2015 (UTC)

Abraham Khalfon

 * ... that Tripoli Jewish community leader and historian Abraham Khalfon lost two sons in his lifetime – one who died in a plague and one who was burned at the stake?
 * Reviewed: Template:Did you know nominations/Moïse Lévy de Benzion

Created by Yoninah (talk). Self nominated at 17:45, 9 February 2015 (UTC).

 * Symbol confirmed.svg Article was just created and falls within the requisite time period. It is more than long enough and is neutral, with ample sources and no evident paraphrasing issues. The hook is interesting and is appropriately sources, both based on my knowledge of the foreign language material and some translation assistance from Google. A QPQ review has been done. Alansohn (talk) 18:22, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the review! Yoninah (talk) 20:09, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Talk:Web Design/Lists and Tables

Tables: tbody, tfoot, thead
I think we really need to include using <tbody>, <tfoot>, and <thead> as standard practice for making tables. It's good to get people in the habit of using them from the get-go, so that if they wish to pursue further, advanced studies in web development, they'll already be in the habit of creating tables in a more universally accessible way. I'm thinking, in particular, of JavaScript: if you create a table dynamically with the createElement method and then insert it somewhere in the DOM, it will fail to render in Internet Explorer unless you encapsulate all of your <tr>'s inside of the aforementioned tags. By teaching people new to HTML to use these tags, we avoid that possible pitfall altogether. Plus, it is better conceptually to be able to divide tables into abstract sections (i.e. head, body, and foot) so that we can really demonstrate that they represent tabular data and are not just being used for layout purposes. Just my two cents. 08:32, 21 December 2006

 * Is IE not rendering because of a bug, or is there something in the spec that says it works that way? I don't think we should be teaching bug-workarounds, but if it's a violation of the spec then we should stick with the spec.
 * On another point, we should try to not introduce "old style" formatting, prefering CSS based formats. Historybuff 21:10, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Web Design/Lists and Tables


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File:Drumpellier Drive route map.png

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Talk:Bertie Shardlow

There are two conflicting death years on Bertie's post. One in the main article 1976) and one in the sidebar (1974). Which is correct? B.K. (talk) 23:50, 23 May 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bertie Shardlow


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/NJRS

The result was   no consensus. N ORTH A MERICA 1000 00:22, 4 March 2015 (UTC)

NJRS

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Largely original research, whole section on things like the logo EoRdE6(Come Talk to Me!) 19:57, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment-also has had the speedy tag removed multiple times. I am going for speedy delete. Wgolf (talk) 19:59, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Weak keep - I didn't create this article but have cleaned up some of the more significant formatting and style issues. While I don't know a lot about the topic, it appears to be a project of a Government department of India and a quick Google gives some media coverage. -- Chuq (talk) 04:35, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment-If we do some online search, we found out that this project was rolled out last year. This is a project granted by Income-tax Department, Government of India. Indeed this is an eligible page for wikipedia. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Anshalth (talk • contribs) 12:15, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 16:59, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Law-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:00, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Organizations-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:00, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Websites-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:00, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Comment- Found one relevant and important document: http://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Lists/Departmental%20News/Attachments/7/Departmental_News.pdf — Preceding comment added by Anshalth (talk • — Preceding undated comment added 10:41, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Keep -Appears to be a notable thing. Contents can be discussed on article's talk page. Sources, -,, , , . Anupmehra  - Let's talk!  00:24, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
 * The following comment was mistakenly left at WP:REFUND instead of here:
 * This is a prestigious project by Income Tax Department of India and is in the interest of the nation as it will save lot of exchequers cost in buying un-necessary databases from private service providers which the ITO's refer from time to time.
 * It is a strong and a brave project and hence this page should not be deleted.
 * --ThaddeusB (talk) 15:22, 13 February 2015 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, — Coffee //  have a cup  //  beans  // 11:28, 17 February 2015 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.
 * Redirect/Merge into Income Tax Department, which at present is fairly short, with this subject needing a paragraph at most. Nobody is going to search by this acronym (whose first Google hit is the Wikipedia article) anyway. Pax 07:15, 19 February 2015 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, N ORTH A MERICA 1000 17:05, 24 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/NJRS


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Talk:Macteens

Reworking
Macteens is undergoing extensive maintenance including a redesign and a masthead change. I'll slowly be updating the page over the next week or so. Wndrby 20:36, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

PROD Removed, Improving Article
I've removed the prod template from this page. Macteens is notable on the Mac-web, and I will improve this article so it better fits the needs of Wikipedia website poicy. However, criteria has already been met for this article, so it should stand on its own.

With that, criteria used for its proposed deletion (Alexa) is ineffecitve, as it only samples Windows MSIE users, which is highly problematic for a site that targets teenage Mac users. Macteens is notable enough to be admitted into industry events as media, so it should be notable enough for an entry into Wikipedia. As I said earlier, I'll be working on this article. Spasm321 00:02, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Importance
I've applied an importance tag on this page. An assertion on an article talk page is very different from including conclusive proof (ie links to major media coverage etc.) of passing WP:WEB in the main article. Failure to do so could lead to an AfD. Please do not assume that because of gaining entry to an event this should be good enough for WP, WP has its own completely independent criteria. Please do not remove the notice until such proof has been provided. I've also removed redlinks, per WP:REDBLUE.  Dei z io  01:06, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Slightly disappointed by the removal of the tag with no assertion of notability or importance, or explanation here. The 3 links provided are to 1) Your own archive, 2) A blog (who cares if a blog references a newspaper? we need the newspaper) and 3) A lycos online news nugget from 2003 which is about a different website. None of this satisfies WP criteria, just because there is more content and the article looks nice, doesn't mean you have "arrived". I'm not going to take on the Mac world by nominating this as I don't know enough about it but I would be interested to see what would happen.  Dei zio  02:02, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm still working on this, trying to find more uses that fit the notability requirements on WP. I figured I'd throw up what I had written, but perhaps I shouldn't have removed the tag. Feel free to re-add, though, and others (or myself) work on this soon. On the note of the link referencing the Baltimore Sun, I admit it sure isn't compelling, but the link to the article isn't currently available. Chris Saribay 18:50, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Sweet, and I also noted your acceptance of your bio page being deleted so I'm happy you have an idea of what's expected. The systemic bias issue - essentially that web stuff seems more at home here because WP is also on the web - is something I take quite seriously, hence I like to make sure that stuff like this fits the rules. I'll leave off with the tagging for now (of course you never know what others are going to do) given your willingness to make it happen. Cheers  Dei zio  19:19, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Abandoned
It should be noted that the site is pretty much abandoned, and even one of the mods is pretty much done with it and no longer even cleans up the spambots. It's a ghost town now. Brandon 06:23, 16 December 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:18, 9 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Macteens


text:
Movement for the Return of Constitutional Legitimacy – Zliten

The Movement for the Return of Constitutional Legitimacy – Zliten (in Arabic: زليتن مدينة - الدستورية للشرعية العودة حراك) seeks to reinstate the 1951 Constitution of Libya, proclaiming it a symbol of the sovereignty of the nation and a guarantor of unity. Zliten is one of the several cities within Libya that is actively involved in the larger movement, the Movement for the Return of Constitutional Legitimacy in Libya.

The Movement for the Return of Constitutional Legitimacy in Libya asserts that the internationally-recognized 1951 Constitution amended in 1963 established a legitimate and independent governing structure for the Libyan homeland and comprises the best solution for Libya’s future. Advocates for the movement in Zliten state that “[Libya’s] Constitution is a national social charter approved by a constituent body representing all the spectrums of the Libyan people […] Allah bless our independence!”

Along with revival of the 1951 Constitution, the movement, particularly in Zliten, supports the restoration of the Senussi monarchy with heir apparent Prince Mohammed El Senussi, son of Crown Prince Hasan as-Senussi and grandnephew of late King Idris, as its leader.

Support for the Zliten movement on social media
The Zliten local movement has an active presence on social media, including 14,786 total “likes” and 14,741 followers on its Facebook page. Below is a selection of posts from its page: "“Political malice as the purity of the Founding Fathers who have placed it for us, not a commodity in the market of political impurity.”"

"“The Constitutional Kingdom of Libya achieved social reconciliation and transitional justice […] The Constitutional Kingdom of Libya preserved the sanctity of citizens […] The Constitutional Kingdom of Libya has achieved for its citizens an adequate standard of living.”"

Local events
The movement has hosted several events with hundreds of supporters in attendance focused on advocating for the restoration of the 1951 Libyan Constitution.

On December 24, 2015, the movement hosted an event in Zliten to celebrate the 64th anniversary of the Independence of Libya.

It hosted another event on February 17, 2016 for the adoption of the national anthem.

On December 24, 2016, the movement hosted a similar event in support of renewing the campaign to reclaim the deleted part of the national anthem. The details provided were: “We call on the Libyan people to contribute to support this campaign aimed at restoring things to normal and a return to consider the leader of independence and founder of the state of modern Libya King The late Muhammad Idris al-Sanusi (may Allaah have mercy on him).”

Related international attention
An article in support of reestablishing the 1951 Constitution was published in the Washington, D.C.-based Middle East Institute.

The article refers to the 1963 Constitution as “more than an olive branch” and states the following:

"“Libyans will have no choice but to soon make some hard decisions. One such option is returning to the region-conscious 1963 constitution. An earlier constitution in 1951 had granted a great deal of authority to the regions […]The return to the 1963 constitution is gaining momentum in Libya, with several movements, ranging from royalists to pro-democracy activists, calling for an adoption of the constitution.”"

A similar article was published in Australia by The Australian magazine, noting that:

"“Libyan monarchists are now quietly resurfacing, amid calls to revive the unifying constitution of 1951. A spokesman for Prince Mohammed said he was “ready to return to Libya if the people demand it […] Monarchy still works in North Africa and the Middle East. The Arab leaders overthrown in 2011 were the heads of republics. The royal dynasties of Morocco and Jordan (another kingdom forged with British support) remain hugely popular while demonstrating a knack for moving with the times.”"

The article also states that:

"“A restoration of the Senussi dynasty might help to reunite the warring tribes. Even some militia commanders favour a return of the monarchy. The spiritual status of the Senussi chiefs (Idris described himself as a direct descendant of the Prophet) would offer a strong religious counterpoint to the brutal fundamentalism of Isis.”"

Mohammed El Senussi
Libyan royalists widely consider Prince Mohammed El Senussi, son of Crown Prince Hasan as-Senussi and grandnephew of late King Idris, to be the legitimate heir to the Senussi Crown of Libya.

The movement in Zliten has voiced its opinion that the natural solution to the Libyan crisis is to reinstate the 1951 Constitution (as amended in 1963) with Crown Prince Mohammed El Senussi as the legitimate leader. The Zliten movement promotes the Prince’s leadership on its Facebook page and frequently circulates articles and speeches from the Prince’s website.


text:
2017 Northcote state by-election

A by-election for the seat of Northcote in the Victorian Legislative Assembly was held on 18 November 2017. The by-election was triggered by the death of Labor Party MP Fiona Richardson on 23 August 2017. While the seat historically has firmly been in the Labor Party's hands since its inception in 1927, environmental issues, rising house prices and demographic trends have resulted in a stronger Greens vote at recent elections. The Liberal Party elected not to field a candidate.

The seat was won by the Greens on a swing of more than 11.5%. ABC election expert Antony Green called the seat for the Greens at 8.30 pm on the night of the count. Greens candidate Lidia Thorpe became the first female Aboriginal MP in the Victorian Parliament as a result of the victory and the Greens increased their representation in the Legislative Assembly to three MPs.

Background
The by-election was called following the death of former Labor member for the district and Minister for Women, Fiona Richardson. Having taken medical leave from Parliament on 7 August 2017, she died in office on 23 August. This triggered a vacancy in the seat, with writs for election being issued by the Assembly Speaker, Colin Brooks.

Candidates
A total of 12 candidates were declared nominated by the VEC. The Liberal Party decided against fielding a candidate.

Results
The VEC stops distributing preferences when a candidate reaches over 50 per cent of the vote. An indicative two-candidate-preferred count had Lidia Thorpe (Greens) on 20,137 votes (55.6%) to Clare Burns (Labor) on 16,080 votes (44.4%)—a swing of 11.6 percentage points to the Greens.

title: 2017 Northcote state by-election


text:
Nizhny Keger

Nizhny Keger (Нижний Кегер; Гъоркьа КӀогьориб) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kegersky Selsoviet, Gunibsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 208 as of 2010.

Geography
Nizhny Keger is located 6 km northeast of Gunib (the district's administrative centre) by road. Khindakh and Khotoch are the nearest rural localities.

title: Nizhny Keger


text:
German/Level I/Wie heißt du

This lesson deals with basic conversation topics such as saying hello and goodbye and asking people how they are feeling. This lesson features audio recordings by native speakers to help you with the pronunciation.

Dialogue
Read and listen to the following dialogue between two students: Franz and Greta. You don't have to understand anything! You should rather try to find out how each word is pronounced.

Now try to understand the dialogue with the help of the following list of vocabulary. (A complete translation is given in the answers to the next problems.)

Hellos and Goodbyes
There are many ways of saying hello and goodbye in German; some of them are:

* You will need to know each expression with an asterisk (*) after it. The others, of course, would be useful to know if you are traveling to regions where they are used. (As you can see, the different German-speaking regions often have their own ways of saying hello and goodbye. However, you will not be required to know any of these less common phrases for any problems or tests.)

The more formal phrases are guten Morgen, guten Tag, and auf Wiedersehen. The less formal ones are tschüss, Tag, servus, and ciao. The others are somewhat inbetween formal and informal.

Mr. and Mrs.
In German, Herr and Frau are used instead of Mr. and Mrs. before a last name; e.g., Mr. Schwarz – Herr Schwarz.

Frau is used for married and unmarried women. Some people still use Miss – Fräulein in spoken German but it is no longer used in written German since it is considered an inappropriate discrimination of unmarried women.

Literally, der Herr means the gentleman and die Frau means the woman. If you use these words without a last name after them, you have to use an article before them; e.g., der Herr or die Frau. This is actually just like in English. For example:
 * The woman's name is Mrs. Weiß – Die Frau heißt Frau Weiß.

Note also that the German translation of the man is der Mann and the lady should be translated to die Dame. Thus, without last names you would rather use these pairs:
 * man and woman – Mann und Frau
 * men and women – Männer und Frauen
 * lady and gentleman – Dame und Herr
 * ladies and gentlemen – Damen und Herren

Replies to Wie geht's?
There are many ways to reply to the question Wie geht's? Here are some of them: * The more formal form is Wie geht es Ihnen?

After replying to the question, you could continue with: Or shorter:
 * And how are you? — Und wie geht es dir? (formal: Und wie geht es Ihnen?)
 * And you? — Und dir? (or: Und selbst?; or formal: Und Ihnen?)

Test
The test consists of three parts: pronunciation, vocabulary, and translation. As always, you should write down your answers before you check them. (Writing the German words is in fact a great way to practice the spelling of German words.) The vocabulary and translation problems are all from English to German because this is what you have to learn if you want to communicate in German. Once you are able to translate an English word to the corresponding German word, it won't be any problem to translate the German word back to English.

External resources

 * Vocabulary drill for this level on Memrise

title: German/Level I/Wie heißt du


text:
Fit to Kill

Fit to Kill is a 1993 action adventure film starring Dona Speir, Roberta Vasquez, Cynthia Brimhall, Julie Strain, Bruce Penhall, Chu Chu Malave and Geoffrey Moore. It was written and directed by Andy Sidaris and it's the eighth installment in the Triple B series.

Plot
A security agency becomes involved in a violent conflict over possession of a rare diamond.

Cast

 * Dona Speir as Donna Hamilton
 * Roberta Vasquez as Nicole Justin
 * Bruce Penhall as Bruce Christian
 * Geoffrey Moore as Kane (as R.J. Moore)
 * Tony Peck as Lucas
 * Cynthia Brimhall as Edy Stark
 * Julie Strain as Blu Steele
 * Rodrigo Obregón as Mikael Petrov (as Rodrigo Obregon)
 * Aki Along as Chang
 * Ava Cadell as Ava
 * Mark Barriere as Gregor
 * Craig Ng as Po (as Craig Ryan Ng)
 * Chu Chu Malave as Evel
 * Richard Cansino as Kenevil
 * Skip Ward as Skip
 * Carolyn Liu as Silk
 * Michael J. Shane as Shane Abilene (as Michael Shane)
 * Brett Baxter Clark as Burke
 * Sandra Wild as Sandy
 * John Nelson as Emerson
 * Nicholas Georgiade as Nick the Robber (as Nick Georgiade)
 * Christian Drew Sidaris as Driver (as Christian Sidaris)
 * Roy Summerset as German General
 * Gerald Okamura as Commando
 * Richard Rabago as Commando #2
 * Don Yee as Commando #3
 * Eric Anthony as Gunman
 * Shawn Rooney as Shiwan
 * Naida Albright as Female Commando
 * David Parks as Doorman (as Dave Parks)
 * Bill Perkins as Pawn Shop Owner
 * Richard Palmer as Guard

Reception
The film is said to belong to the period of Sidaris's less achieved productions.

A review goes as far as to say that it "continues his series of female spy movies, which usually serve as just an excuse to get women out of their clothes . This one has less flesh than usual , so there's nothing to watch at all."

title: Fit to Kill


text:
Charles Henri David

Charles Henri David (May 4, 1906 – March 1, 1999) was a film director. He worked as an assistant to Zoltan Korda for a number of years. He was head of Pathe in France and worked with Jean Renoir and René Clair. He was with the French army until 1940.

At Universal he sold a story of his, "A Fairy Tale Murder", to Universal, who let him direct it as River Gang.

He was the third husband to Deanna Durbin. They married in December 1950, after she had lived with him in France for eight months, and they stayed married until his death, having one child. They settled in France.

Select filmography

 * La Chienne (1931) aka The Bitch – production manager
 * Baby's Laxative (1931) – production manager
 * American Love (1931) – line producer
 * Mam'zelle Nitouche (1931) – production manager
 * Fantomas (1932) aka It's in the Bag – production manager
 * L'affaire est dans le sac (1932) – production manager
 * Trois... six... neuf (1937) – production manager
 * Bizarre, Bizarre (1937) – production manager
 * The Rebel Son (1938) – producer
 * The Four Feathers (1939) – producer's assistant
 * The Thief of Bagdad (1940) – associate director
 * The Jungle Book (1942) – producer's assistant
 * Lady on a Train (1945) – director
 * River Gang (1945) -producer, director, story
 * La fin des Pyrénées (1970) – executive producer

title: Charles Henri David


text:
User:Karmrinmoy/sandbox

AssamQ - A Key To Success
AssamQ was Founded By Mrinmoy Kar In The Year 2017. This Site Was created To Provide Students Free Notes, Previous year Question Papers Of Guwahati university & Also Provide Latest Assam Job Updates. The Basic Aim Of AssamQ Is To Provide Each & Every Students Of Assam Free Notes & QP's. So, that they can success in their goals.

title: User:Karmrinmoy/sandbox


text:
Assemble with Care

Assemble with Care is a 2019 puzzle video game developed and published by Ustwo. The game centers on an antique restorer who goes around a town fixing broken objects. The game released September 2019 for iOS and MacOS as a launch title for Apple Arcade. A Microsoft Windows version was released on March 26. 2020.

Gameplay
In the game the player repairs various devices in order to help the people of Bellariva, a fictional town in Spain. The repair sections are separated by interludes in which it sets up the protagonist's reasons for repairing the device.

Reception
The game received mixed reviews from critics on Metacritic. CJ Andriessen, writing for Destructoid praised the touch controls and storybook presentation of the game. TouchArcade's Tyler Woodward enjoyed the stylized graphics and the game's story.

title: Assemble with Care


text:
Wikus van Heerden

Johannes Lodewikus 'Wikus' van Heerden (born 25 February 1979 in Johannesburg) is a South African former rugby union player who played as a flanker. He finished his career playing for the Lions in Super Rugby, and the Golden Lions in the national Currie Cup competition. Van Heerden also won 14 caps for the South Africa national team, the Springboks. Before his move to the Bulls, he was the captain of the Cats (now known as the Lions).

He announced his retirement during the 2012 Currie Cup Premier Division season.

Career
Van Heerden made his debut for the Springboks on 7 June 2003 as flanker against Scotland at Kings Park in Durban. South Africa won the match 29 points to 25. He played at flanker for the second Test against the Scottish a week later at Ellis Park, which South Africa also won, 28 to 19.

He was subsequently including in South Africa's 2003 Tri Nations Series squad. He played against the Wallabies at Newlands, which the Springboks won 26 to 22. He also played against the All Blacks at Loftus Versfeld, and was a reserve in another match against Australia at Suncorp Stadium, both of which the Springboks lost.

Van Heerden had a good 2007 Super 14 campaign with the Bulls as the team's specialist fetcher. His best game was in the Bulls’ 92–3 win against the Reds at Loftus, scoring two tries in the process. This led to him being selected into the Springboks. In July 2007, Van Heerden played his first Test in four years, against the Wallabies in Sydney. He played very well in this match, being regarded as the best Bok forward, albeit in a second string Springbok XV. He was equally impressive in the match against the All Blacks in Christchurch a week later. These performances lead to his inclusion in the Springbok's victorious 2007 Rugby World Cup squad.

On 16 May 2008 it was confirmed that he would join Guinness Premiership side Saracens in November 2008 following his Currie Cup commitments with the Bulls. He scored a try on his debut for Saracens in a 27–14 defeat against London Irish at the Madejski Stadium on 23 November.

On 18 March 2010, it was confirmed that Saracens had released him to return to South Africa where he would play for the Lions. This was a surprise, as Saracens had indicated he would see out the season with the club. In his first super rugby season back in South Africa he broke his arm but was back for the first match of the Curriecup. Unfortunately he broke his arm again in exactly the same place in this match, putting him out for several weeks. His father is former Springbok Lock Moaner van Heerden.

Honours

 * 2007 Super Rugby winner (Bulls)
 * 2007 Rugby World Cup winner (Springboks)
 * 2011 Currie Cup winner (Golden Lions)

title: Wikus van Heerden


text:
Wikipedia:Wiki Ed/York University/Resistance and Subversion on the Internet (Fall-Winter)

This course explores political, social and technical aspects of resistance and subversion on the internet.

New information and communication technologies (ICTs) afford opportunities for seeking normative ends. As individuals and groups attempt to resist and subvert institutional power structures and societal norms, scholars should assess the extent to which ICTs initiate, enhance and limit these attempts. Too often, technology enthusiasts quickly conclude that ICTs automatically contribute to positive change. At the same time, skeptics similarly conclude all too quickly that ICTs automatically produce negative results. Within and across contexts, scholars seeking to understand opportunities and drawbacks of new ICTs must also assess the extent to which the enthusiasts and the skeptics are correct.

In this class, we will discuss the history and the theory that informs current discussions of resistance and subversion on the internet. We will explore central questions relevant to current scholarship from multiple perspectives. We will investigate and analyze how resistance and subversion are conceptualized in light of ICT developments, and across social movement contexts. This will include studying various Canadian and international cases. We will discuss how those opposed to institutional and societal change push back against those who resist and subvert. With an eye towards empowering future generations of public scholars and activists, we will work towards a stronger understanding of how ICTs both create and destroy.


text:
當今

Noun

 * 1) now; at present; nowadays; today; in our time; in this day and age; the present day
 * 2)  reigning emperor
 * 1)  reigning emperor

title: 當今


text:
Materials Science and Engineering/Magnetic Materials/Saturation Magnetization Near Curie Temperature

Part 1
'''Discuss the physical implications of the use of the mean field theory in solving ferromagnetic problems. Where in the dynamical equations for magnetization does this approximation get used? What obvious problem in the solution of such equations does it obviate? When is it appropriate?'''

A material placed in a magnetic field can respond a number of different ways. The interaction of the field with the angular momenta of the atomic components is the origin of a response. In a paramagnetic material, there is a small interaction among magnetic moments. Interactions among atomic moments in ferromagnetic materials is so strong that there is magnetic ordering in the absence of applied fields, and this produces very large magnetizations.

There is complexity in the response of a ferromagnet to external magnetic fields. The ferromagnet consists of regions, called domains, whose net magnetic moments are in different directions. Mean field theory assumes only nearest neighbor interactions of spins in a ferromagnet exist. Magnetic energy is determined by interaction of spin with the magnetic field that arises from configurations of spins on nearest neighbors. In the mean field approach of Weiss, each configuration of neighbors is replaced by a statistical mechanical average. Each spin is subject to an effective internal magnetic field that is proportional to the overall magnetization of the crystal. The problem is reduced to one that is identical to the model of independent paramagnetic atoms. Each atom is treated as if it were an independent magnetic moment. Instead of using only the external field $$H$$, the internal field $$H_i$$ is added. A total field of $$(H + H_i)$$ is used in the Brillouin function.

The mean field approximation becomes unreliable in the case below. The term $$E_F$$ is the fermi energy, and $$B$$ is the band width.

$$U \ge E_F \approx B$$

Part 2
'''Show that in the mean field approximation the saturation magnetization just below the Curie temperature has the dominant temperature dependence ($$T_c - T)^{\frac{1}{2}}$$. How does this compare with experimental data?'''

The total angular momentum of an atom gives rise to a magnetic moment whose $$z$$ component is expressed below.

$$M_z = -g \mu_B M_s$$

$$\mu_B = \frac{e \hbar}{2 m_e}$$

Terms above are the Bohr magneton,$$\mu_B$$, electron mass, $$m_e$$, gyromagnetic ratio, $$g$$, and azimuthal quantum number of the total angular momentum.

Choose the z-axis to be in the direction of the field. The energy of the atomic moment in the field is expressed below with $$H$$, the magnitude of the field..

$$\mu_m = g M_s \mu_B H$$

The total magnetization is the atomic moment times the number of atoms per unit volume. Find the statistical mechanical average of $$M_s$$ since the energy and magnetization are proportional to the azimuthal quantum number.

$$\overline{M_s} = \frac{ \sum_s M_s e^{-g M_s \mu_B H / kT}}{\sum_s e^{-g M_s \mu_B H / kT}}$$

Note that an assumption is that the magnetic field does not affect the lattice vibrations. Write the partition function as below.

$$Z = \sum_{M_s = -S}^{M_s = S} e^{-M_s y}$$

$$Z = \sum_{M_s = -S}^{M_s = S} x^{M_s}$$

$$y = g \mu_B H / k T$$

$$x = e^{-y}$$

Sum by using the formula for the sum of a geometric series.

$$z = x^{-s} + x^{-s+1} + x^{-s+2}$$

$$z = x^{-s} (1 + x + x^2 + ... + x^{2s})$$

$$Z = \frac{x^{-s} - x^{s+1}}{1-x}$$

$$Z = \frac{e^{s y} - e^{-(s+1)y}}{1-e^{-y}}$$

$$Z = \frac{e^{(s+1/2) y} - e^{-(s+1/2)y}}{e^{y/2}-e^{-y/2}}$$

$$Z = \frac{\sinh [(s + 1/2)y]}{\sinh(y/2)}$$

Find the average $$\overline{M_s}$$. Differentiate the equation with respect to $$y$$. Divide by $$Z$$.

$$\frac{dZ}{dy} = \sum_{M_s = -S}^{M_s = S} M_s e^{-M_s y}$$

$$\overline{M_s} = \frac{-d\ln Z}{dy}$$

$$\overline{M_s} = \frac{1}{Z} \sum_{M_s = -S}^{M_s = S} M_s e^{-M_s y}$$

Define a variable $$z$$.

$$z = Sy$$

$$z = \frac{g S \mu_B H}{k T}$$

$$Z = \frac{\sinh [z(2S + 1) / 2S]}{\sinh(z / 2S)}$$

$$S \frac{d \ln Z}{dz} = \frac{d \ln Z}{dy}$$

$$\frac{d \ln Z}{dy} = S [ ( \frac{2 S + 1}{2S} ) \frac{ \cosh [ z (2S+1)/2S]}{\sinh [ z (2S+1)/2S]} - \frac{1}{2S} \frac{ \cosh(z/2S)}{ \sinh(z/2S)} ] $$

$$S \frac{d \ln Z}{d z} = \overline{M_s}$$

Define Brillouin function

$$B_s = ( \frac{2 S + 1}{2S} ) \coth [ z (2S+1)/2S] - \frac{1}{2S} \coth(z/2S)$$

$$\overline{M_s} = -S B_s (z)$$

Find the statistical average for the magnetization per atom by taking the average of the magnetic moment and the use the result of the azimuthal quantum number.

$$M_p = n \overline{M_s}$$

$$M_p = -g \mu_B \overline{m_z}$$

$$M_p = n S g \mu_B B_s(z)$$

Consider $$M_f$$ to be the magnetization arising from ferromagnetic interactions. Below is an expression of the internal field at each site.

$$H_i = \gamma M_f$$

Below is the expression of the magnetization arising from ferromagnetic interactions. There is a replacement of $$x$$.

$$M_f = n S g \mu_B B_s (x)$$

$$x = S g \mu_B (H + \gamma M_f) / k T$$

Retain the first three terms in the expansion below and approximate the Brillouin function with an expression below.

$$\coth x = \frac{1}{x} + \frac{x}{3} - \frac{x^3}{45} - ...$$

$$B_s(x)=\frac{(S+1)}{3S} x - (\frac{1}{2s})^4 [(2s+1)^4 - 1] \frac{x^3}{45}$$

Put this result in the first expression below and use the definition of the Curie temperature.

$$M_f = n S f \mu_B B_s (x)$$

$$T_c = \frac{n \gamma}{3 k} S (S+1) (g \mu_B)^2$$

$$M_f = \frac{T_c}{T} (M_f + \frac{H}{\gamma} ) - K ( \frac{T_c}{T} )^3 (M_f + \frac{H}{\gamma} )^3$$

The term $$K$$ is a constant that can be readily evaluated from he definition of $$T_c$$. If the external field is zero, $$M_f$$ is the spontaneous magnetization $$M_f^s$$. Solve for $$M_f^s$$.

$$M_f^s = \frac{1}{K} ( \frac{T_c - T}{T} )^{1/2}$$

The experimental agreement is only approximate.

Part 3
Of what interest is this result?

The mean field theory correctly displays the Currie-Weiss law and the existence of a second-order ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition

Response References

 * Girifalco, Louis A. Statistical Mehanics of Solids, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, 2000
 * Nagaosa, Naoto. Quantum Field Theory in Strongly Correlated Electronic Systems (Texts and Monographs in Physics), Iwanami Shoten, Publishers, Tokyo, 1998


text:
Calisto Bassi

Calisto Bassi (beginning of the 19th century, in Cremona – c. 1860, in Abbiategrasso) was an Italian opera librettist.

Bassi wrote many original librettos and was also active as translator into Italian of several librettos from other languages. For many years he was also stage director at La Scala in Milan.

Translations
This is a partial list of librettos translated into Italian by Bassi. Location and date refer to the first performance of the translated version.

 * L'assedio di Corinto (from Le siège de Corinthe), music by Gioachino Rossini (Parma, Teatro Ducale, 31 January 1828)
 * Guglielmo Tell (from Guillaume Tell), music by Gioachino Rossini (Lucca, Teatro del Giglio, 17 September 1831)
 * La muta di Portici (from La muette de Portici), music by Daniel Auber (Rome, Teatro Valle, Spring 1835)
 * Roberto il Diavolo (from Robert le diable), music by Giacomo Meyerbeer (Lisbon, 2 September 1838)
 * Il Postiglione di Longjumeau (from Le postillon de Lonjumeau for Adolphe Adam)
 * music by Pietro Antonio Coppola (Milan, Teatro alla Scala, 6 November 1838)
 * music by A. A. Speranza (Turin, Teatro Sutera, Spring 1845)
 * La figlia del reggimento (from La fille du régiment), music by Gaetano Donizetti (Milan, Teatro alla Scala, 30 October 1840)
 * La Favorita (from La favorite), music by Gaetano Donizetti (Milan, Teatro alla Scala, 6 August 1843)
 * I Martiri (from Les martyrs, adaptation of Poliuto), music by Gaetano Donizetti (Lisbon, 15 February 1843)
 * Roberto Bruce (from Robert Bruce), music by Gioachino Rossini (1847)
 * L'anima in pena (from L'âme en peine), music by Friedrich von Flotow (1847)
 * Mosè (from Moïse et Pharaon), music by Gioachino Rossini (Naples, Teatro San Carlo, 1849)
 * Gerusalemme (from Jérusalem), music by Giuseppe Verdi (Milan, Teatro alla Scala, 26 December 1850)
 * I Guelfi ed i Ghibellini (from Les Huguenots) (Trieste, Teatro Grande, Carnival 1851)
 * Il Profeta (from Le prophète), music by Giacomo Meyerbeer (Florence, Teatro della Pergola, 26 December 1852)
 * Alessandro Stradella, music by Friedrich von Flotow (Genua, Teatro Carlo Felice, Autumn 1863)

title: Calisto Bassi


text:
User:Chief Mike~enwikiversity

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mkouklis ” Multiple Personalities Disordered “ :)

Me: A Retired U.S. Navy Chief Petty Officer living on an Island in the western Pacific Ocean. Approx: 11?42?00?N 122?22?00?E. (sattelite-view) to be added later

Real Name: Mike Kouklis

Rate/Rank: GSMC Gas Turbine Systems Mechanical Chief Petty Officer E-7

Homepages: Yahoo-360?

title: User:Chief Mike~enwikiversity


text:
utterability

Noun

 * 1)  The state or quality of being expressible in words, especially audibly.
 * 2)  An idea or feeling which can be expressed in words.
 * 3) * 2006, "Reflections 3 (Research Training Sessions 2006)," Sint-Lucas School of Architecture (Belgium), p. 34:
 * Fredrik Nilsson talked about new modes of knowledge production (Mode1 and Mode2), transdisciplinarity, ‘minor or nomadic’ sciences versus ‘royal or legal’ sciences, knowledge of visibilities and utterabilities and examples of the architectural practice as knowledge production.
 * Fredrik Nilsson talked about new modes of knowledge production (Mode1 and Mode2), transdisciplinarity, ‘minor or nomadic’ sciences versus ‘royal or legal’ sciences, knowledge of visibilities and utterabilities and examples of the architectural practice as knowledge production.

title: utterability


text:
Portal:Research/New/Selected biography

Research policy The Wikiversity project proposal included the idea of allowing some research activities inside Wikiversity. Please read - and help develop our research guidelines on our multilingual coordination Wikiversity.

See also:
 * Research Ethics
 * Original research
 * Secondary research
 * Review board
 * Research collaboration

title: Portal:Research/New/Selected biography


text:
Talk:matchpoint

usage rates:

match point: 67 mega googles matchpoint: only 47 kilogoogles.

So match point (2 words) is about a thousand times more common. RJFJR 14:16, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:matchpoint


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Christopher Stalford

The result was delete. - Mailer Diablo 12:35, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Christopher_Stalford
Reason the page should be deleted

Vanity article in breach of Wikipedia guidelines.

Subject of the article is a minor (local) politician in Northern Ireland. He is not a member of either the elected Northern Ireland Assembly or the UK Parliament but is rather merely a local councillor and a former failed student politician. Pondersomething 14:12, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Delete Local councillors are not notable in themselves. Timrollpickering 14:30, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-notable. Akradecki 15:53, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. The Wikipedia notability guidelines mention statewide/provincewide politicians, without reference to the fact that these words have different meanings in, for example, Ireland - where a county is the equivalent of a state in importance, although not in population or area. As such, I recommend a keep, as Belfast City Council is as important as, for example, Mayo County Council. Supersheep 18:53, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep, as per Supersheep, -- TruthbringerToronto (Talk | contribs) 18:59, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete Belfast is a city (admittedly an important one) and not a county. I don't see councillors in it (or even Mayo county council) as having any real importance.     Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  22:54, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I never said Belfast was a county, merely that its City Council was at least as important as Mayo County Council, and that members of the latter would appear to fit the notability criteria for politicians. Supersheep 13:21, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Weak Delete. Although the sum of the parts means he is more than just a city councillor (as assistant to an assemblyman and MEP), I would contend that his day will come. He's making the right moves but is not notable enough yet. Ohconfucius 03:50, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete One would doubt wikipedia could cope with the sheer volume of enrties if it started having pages on every politician as minor as this.Traditional unionist 18:05, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Strong Delete Wikipedia is cluttered enough with minor politicians constructing vanity pages for themselves.wibbled 19:31, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete - very clearly NN. --Mais oui! 11:48, 16 August 2006 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Devon (rapper)

External links modified
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Date of birth is needed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:58, 26 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Devon (rapper)


text:
Tigranella

Tigranella is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

 * Tigranella mirabilis Breuning, 1940
 * Tigranella vieui Breuning, 1965

title: Tigranella


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Clint Eastwood in the 1950s

The result was Delete. The result was Delete. There is clear consensus here that the page shouldn't exist. There is a reasonable argument, not refuted, that some of the material may need to be merged. There is the obvious fact that all the material cannot be merged. Therefore, consider this a "delete", but with a delay involved so that any necessary merging can be done beforehand. Once this has been handled to everyone's satisfaction, tag the page for speedy deletion, and link this discussion. As an aside, while it is true that AfD is not the best place to request a merger, a merger is a reasonable outcome at AfD, and the entirely of this page is obviously not viable for a merger. !voting to keep for procedural reasons isn't really a !vote to keep. Linking a bunch of tangentially related guidelines is not helpful. Vanamonde (Talk) 14:58, 1 October 2019 (UTC)

Clint Eastwood in the 1950s

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Redundant and non-encyclopedic. No other major actor (e.g., see Al Pacino and Dustin Hoffman has multiple pages covering each film in depth. In any case, everything in the film summary below is covered in the film article itself. — btphelps (talk to me) (what I've done) 05:12, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Actors and filmmakers-related deletion discussions. — btphelps (talk to me) (what I've done) 05:12, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Comment Instead of doing these individually you could’ve consolidated them into one AfD...Trillfendi (talk) 05:29, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of California-related deletion discussions.  CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 07:16, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Film-related deletion discussions.  CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 07:17, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Comment Uh uh. I know what you're thinking. "Did he list six articles at AfD or only five?" Well to tell you the truth in all this excitement I kinda lost track myself.... "  Lugnuts  Fire Walk with Me 11:45, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * There are actually seven of these pages but only five have been nominated. "Thought I was having trouble with my adding.  It's all right now." Andrew D. (talk) 16:18, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Speedy Keep It's this discussion that is redundant and non-encyclopedic (but Lugnuts' joke is a a good one).  Clint Eastwood is obviously a huge topic but we don't need six more pages to discuss how best to organise it.  See WP:ATD; WP:BEFORE; WP:LIGHTBULB; WP:NOTPAPER; WP:PRESERVE; &c. Andrew D. (talk) 16:01, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Excessive details running riot, e.g. "Eastwood and his wife moved into an apartment at Villa Sands at 4040 Arch Drive off Ventura Boulevard to be closer to the Universal lot, also occupied by fellow Universal actresses Gia Scala and Lili Kardell." This is more appropriate for a book than a Wikipedia article. Clarityfiend (talk) 19:32, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep. These pages were reviewed in 2012 at Articles for deletion/Early life and work of Clint Eastwood; the result was a strong consensus to keep.  Consensus can change, but I don't see a reason why it should in this case.  As multiple commenters pointed out, the topic is notable and these are legitimate subpages, so article deletion is not a realistic option here, even if merger might be.  AfD isn't the right place to discuss what is more properly a question of how much content is "too much" and how many spinoff pages are too many. --Arxiloxos (talk) 20:31, 26 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete This level of detail works with a book, not an encyclopedia article.John Pack Lambert (talk) 21:58, 27 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete/Merge Absurd level of detail. The main Clint Eastwood is quite comprehensive already and this is not an appropriate use of splitting and summary style. Just direct readers to the single book this is wholly sourced to, don't turn this into an entire book by itself. Reywas92Talk 00:58, 1 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep per Andrew Davidson. This is an editorial problem snd should never have been brought to AFD. These articles should have been tagged for merger, and then discussed at Talk:Clint Eastwood in order to go about that business in the propper manner. Obviously, there should not be this many pages about Clint Eastwood, but there's a lot of material here that could be of some value, either in the film articles or weeded down to a few additions to improve the central article. I strongly urge an admin to close this discussion and direct the nominator to tag the articles for merger and begin a merger conversation with editors interested in tackling what would be a fairly large collaborative project. There are too many editoriall decisions to be made here to be simply solved by an AFD.4meter4 (talk) 04:45, 1 October 2019 (UTC)


text:
User:Ashke96/sandbox2

Article Evaluation
After reading the articles about the Digital Divide and the Digital Divide in Canada, I thought it was interesting learning about an issue that affects both countries in similar and different ways. I found both to be neutral and relevant, often discussing the same factors that contribute to the issue. The references present were clean and organized, and the handful of links I clicked on also all worked. The talk page of the Digital Divide article included modifications the author made to several of the sources, in addition to saying that he wished to add more information about attempts to bridge the divide. However, the talk page for the Digital Divide in Canada was blank, so I believe the author could start a conversation on there to encourage other postings. They're related in the sense that they tackle the same issue and describe how it affects the people in each country. The proposed solutions are also similar, because most of the issues are not exclusive to just one country. These articles present the information differently than we've talked about in class because it goes into more depth about the underlying causes and variables.

Digital Divide in Vietnam outline
1. Demographics in Vietnam/access to internet

2. Government control/censorship

3. Economic & technological developments

4. Country's outlined plan for the future

Group Comments
First, good job on beginning your outline. As this is one of the only pages where your newly combined group has posted anything, we are right now assuming that you have chosen to do the Digital Divide in Vietnam. Please make sure that everyone is posting in the group sandbox space, not the talk page, and that you get a working list of citations. As you move forward into the drafting process, I would suggest that each group member types their name next to the section they are working on. This will make it easier to see who is working on what. I am also including a link to the Digital Divide in South Africa page. This is an excellent example of about how much you should be writing for each section, though obviously your sections will likely not be identical to the South African ones. [|Digital Divide in South Africa] Remember, if you need any extra help come to mine or Dr. Benoit's office hours. Again, good job on choosing a project and beginning to work on the outline. Mmaggi9 (talk) 18:34, 11 October 2017 (UTC) Melanie Maggio: TA for LIS 2000

Moved Outline
Hey guys, I am working with Dr. Benoit right now. We moved the outline into the sandbox space, and I added some draft language that I've been working on. Agutie31108 (talk) 14:30, 12 October 2017 (UTC)Agutie31108

Group Comments for the Draft
While you still have a good outline, this week you need to have a first draft written. I would suggest first working on your lead, and next beginning to write for each section. Make sure that you keep everything focused on the digital divide, and that you also have your sources lined up. Please contact Dr. Benoit and I if you have any questions.

Mmaggi9 (talk) 04:06, 17 October 2017 (UTC) Melanie Maggio: TA for LIS 2000

Peer Review
This article looks really good. You have a strong lead section that is clear and outlines your article. Your body paragraphs are very neutral and informative. I only have a few critiques.

Some of the information in your body paragraphs are not backed up with sources. certain sentences like, "Currently, the Vietnamese government restricts access to websites that are critical of the government, politically sensitive content, and even the websites of human rights organizations" stood out to me because they were not linked to any sources so make sure to go back and cite those. Otherwise, the content in the sections is relevant to the topic. I found the most uncited information in the sections "Government Censorship" and "Increasing Information and Communication Technology in Vietnam". In the first sentence in the section "Government Censorship" link the organizations in the parentheses to their websites or other Wikipedia articles about them so the readers can gather more information on them.

As for the sources, they seem to be reliable and the links work just fine. They do seem to be cited incorrectly when compared to other Wikipedia articles, but that may just be my own misunderstanding. I think your article is off to a great start. Jlee214 (talk) 01:08, 30 October 2017 (UTC)

Will Clapp's Pier Review
The Lead - The lead is a good overall and sums up the meaning of the article. I feel as if it could be expanded a bit more with more general thoughts of what a digital divide definition is. The article itself - I feel as if the article contains all topics that were mentioned in lecture. I think it has great flow and is heavily supported with sources. - The second sentence under government censorship does not flow very well. - The last sentence under government censorship is just a little too unformal. Change out the phrase "forever to download" Balance - I feel as if all articles are equally containing the right about of information. I would like to see more information on how the future will be shaped for Vietnam. - Who are the internet users? I think this would truly strengthen the article. Neutral content - I find the article remains very neutral consistently throughout.

Overall the article was great. It covered all the major topics and hit with great valid sources of information. The speech was formal and professional and contained no errors of grammar. Keep up the great work! I think including individuals who use the internet would strengthen it even more and expanding the lead as well. Overall, great work

Ashlyn's Peer Review Response
My sections included Vietnam Internet Demographics and Government Censorship, so I focused on the critiques listed for those paragraphs. For Government Censorship, I added a citation and reworded the second sentence, as it was pointed out that it did not flow very well. For Vietnam Internet Demographics, I also added a citation that was missing. As far as answering Will's question of "who" the internet users are, I plan to research this further and include this information in the final draft. In addition, I realize that some of the citations were not correct, so I did my best to remedy them with what information I was able to gather from them. I would also like to have a section about what the country's future outlook would look like, but that would have to be a section written by another one of our group members. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ashke96 (talk • contribs) 04:54, 5 November 2017 (UTC)

Landix's Peer Review Comments
I worked on the section of Government Censorship and with the comments both peer reviews provided, I gathered more sources to make my contributions to our article more concrete. I had to take a step back and look at how and where I gathered my information and decided to see which amount of research was credible enough to cite and to put back into the article. AShlyn made more corrections in her contributed sections that also helped us improve our article a little bit more. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lalcorn23 (talk • contribs) 05:59, 6 November 2017 (UTC)

Post Review Editing
Kpc.nguyen (talk) 06:59, 6 November 2017 (UTC) I've worked on some revisions for the economy and technology development. I check my paragraphs for missing citations to make sure all presented information where necessary is referenced to the source. I've also restructured some sentences of my paragraph to follow the flow of rest of article's paragraphs. I am working on determining placement/rearranging sentences so I can add a breakdown of technological development in the country timeframe and event. I have a reference for future outlines I will post so everyone can look at, we can each contribute a couple sentences or like Ashlyn suggested one member can work on it.

Updates based on Dr. Beniot's Comments
I deleted the outline from the bottom of the article and removed the name from one of the sections. Additionally, I added a few sentences to the lead however, it should probably be double checked because I'm not the best editor, nor am I very good at grammar. I also linked a few of the words in the article to other existing articles.Agutie31108 (talk) 19:33, 10 November 2017 (UTC)

title: User:Ashke96/sandbox2


text:
Modern Physics/The Law of Gravitation

Law of Gravitation

 * Aubhro Sengupta Spring 2020*

How do we calculate the force of gravity on an object? It seems like a simple enough task.
 * $$ F_g = g * m $$

However, this is only applicable when we want to calculate the force of gravity from earth on an object on earth. What if we want to calculate the force of gravity of an asteroid in space from another asteroid, or the force of gravity on a space craft from the sun. This is where universal gravitation comes in.

Of Newton's accomplishments, the discovery of the universal law of gravitation ranks as one of his greatest. Imagine two masses, M1 and M2, separated by a distance r. The gravitational force has the magnitude

 * $$ F_g = G \frac{M_1 M_2}{r^2} $$

where G is the gravitational constant:

 * $$G \approx 6.67 \times 10^{-11} \frac{m^3}{kg \cdot s^2}$$

The force is always attractive, and acts along the line joining the center of the two masses.

Lets notice a couple things here. First of all, since gravity is a force, it is a vector. The formula described above only gives us it's magnitude. What is the direction? Well depends on which force of gravity we are talking about. Since there are 2 objects here, M1 and M2, there are also two forces, the force of gravity on M1 by M2 and the force of gravity on M2 by M1. The magnitude of both forces are the same but the directions are opposite one another. This is actually a case of Newton's second law, as both forces are equal and opposite.

Notice that the ``r`` is squared in the bottom of the fraction. This tells us that not only does gravity get weaker as ``r`` increases, but it gets much weaker as ``r`` increases. This is why although technically all objects in the universe attract every other object through gravity, we can often disregard the force as it is negligible.

Vector Notation
Let's say that we have two masses, M and m, separated by a distance r, and a distance vector R. The relationship between R and r is given by:

 * $$|\vec{\mathbf{R}}| = r$$

We will also change our force into a force vector, acting in the direction of R:

 * $$\vec{F}_g = G \frac{M_1 M_2}{r^2} \cdot \frac{\vec{\mathbf{R}}}{r}$$

And this gives us our final vector equation:

 * $$\vec{F}_g = G \frac{M_1 M_2 \vec{\mathbf{R}}}{r^3} $$

Notice that since the ratio between R and r is normalized, the addition of these terms does not alter the equation, only the direction in which the force is acting.

title: Modern Physics/The Law of Gravitation


text:
User:Cupy 52040

Hi,I wanted to learn and this looked cool so I came here.I have a interest in music.Cupy 52040 03:34, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User:Cupy 52040


text:
Portal:Practical Arts and Sciences/Page name cleanup

There are a large number of pages in the "School:" namespace with names such as School:Fire and Emergency Management/Airport Rescue Fire Fighter. Such pages that are content development projects should be moved to the "Topic:" namespace. Pages that are learning resources should be moved to the main namespace (no prefix in the page name).


text:
Talk:Applied mathematics/Basics

Ugly name. How about 'Basic Mathematics'? 'Numeracy' is a term that is increasing used in the UK. I'm not sure what meaning it may have elsewhere though. Smockdotcom 21:41, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I also like the name Basic Mathematics. --Zoo 05:23, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

Is the purpose of this page to provide an introduction to the absolute basics of mathematics? I am going to act on the premise that it is and if I am wrong just delete anything I add. FortyTwo 20:38, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

Gathering already done stuff
There has already been some work done among the "Early Childhood Mathematics Education" bunch of folks. How could we use their work?

title: Talk:Applied mathematics/Basics


text:
Talk:Michael Millman

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title: Talk:Michael Millman