text:
Talk:Hossein Nejat

Years at MIRO
I can't find the piece that says he left MIRO in 1982. Would you please quote it? Pahlevun (talk) 20:30, 10 November 2017 (UTC) Benyamin-ln (talk) 21:11, 10 November 2017 (UTC)
 * There's another narrative available: امام گفته بود نيروهاي نظامي يا فعاليت سياسي را انتخاب كنند يا شغل نظامي را ما بلافاصله تمكين كرديم اما شما و دوستان‌تان كه عضو سپاه بوديد روابط‌تان را با سازمان مجاهدين انقلاب حفظ كرديد و درمقابل اعتراض ما گفتيد از آقاي راستي اجازه گرفتيد. Pahlevun (talk) 21:16, 10 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Najat at that interview with Tasnim said:
 * These quotes are not in conflict about time of seperation from MIRO. Armin mentioned the real reason of that seperation. Benyamin-ln (talk) 21:31, 10 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Actually, the interview claims that he did not leave MIRO. Considering affiliation of Fars and Tasnim news agencies, how much reliable are they about IRGC personnel? (This is what I previously pointed in Talk:Hassan Abbasi, but you have omitted to answer me). Pahlevun (talk) 14:08, 15 November 2017 (UTC)
 * I can't accept this explanation for Armin's interview with Etemad. He didn't specify which year he was talking about. 1982 or before that?! Your opinion is original research.
 * I know Fars and Tasnim have close relations with IRGC but I still don't know the answer of your question. Benyamin-ln (talk) 22:46, 15 November 2017 (UTC)
 * We should avoid stating seriously contested assertions as facts. Putting it in the infobox means it is a fact, which is is pretty judgmental, judging that one side of the story is right and the other is wrong. Pahlevun (talk) 08:28, 16 November 2017 (UTC)
 * We should avoid stating seriously contested assertions as facts. Putting it in the infobox means it is a fact, which is is pretty judgmental, judging that one side of the story is right and the other is wrong. Pahlevun (talk) 08:28, 16 November 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 05:34, 27 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Hossein Nejat in the Meeting of Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei with government officials (1).jpg

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 * Hossein Nejat in the Meeting of Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei with government officials (1).jpg

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Hossein Nejat


text:
bioisosterism

Noun

 * 1)  The relationship between bioisosteres, substituents or groups with similar physical or chemical properties that impart similar biological properties to a chemical compound.

title: bioisosterism


text:
Talk:Arthur Mackenzie Power

External links modified
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title: Talk:Arthur Mackenzie Power


text:
Category talk:Education in Afghanistan

up to 2001 the universities and medical colleges played an importent role in war.Althogh it was a critical time for the students where basic requirements was not enough,but as v know that who achived there goal like medical education during the difficult circumstances they proved them selves better than those who were in peace.So those students who studied in Afghanistan in most difficult circumstance they r brav and compitent students of the that time.thanks

title: Category talk:Education in Afghanistan


text:
Paulus

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) Paul biblical figure.
 * , rare in this form

Related terms

 * male given names:, ,
 * female given names:, , ,

Etymology
From, from.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Paul.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) Paul biblical character.
 * , rare in this form

Etymology
From.

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Paul apostle

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) A cognomen of the Aemilius clan.
 * 2) Paul biblical figure.

Descendants

 * Italo-Dalmatian
 * Padanian:
 * West Iberian
 * Padanian:
 * West Iberian
 * Padanian:
 * West Iberian
 * Padanian:
 * West Iberian
 * Padanian:
 * West Iberian
 * Padanian:
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian
 * West Iberian

 * Borrowings

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) Paul biblical character.
 * , rare in this form

Etymology
From, from.

Proper noun

 * 1) Paul

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) Paul biblical character.
 * , rare in this form

Related terms

 * given name:
 * feminine forms: ,

title: Paulus


text:
Guatemalan Revolutionary Workers Party

Guatemalan Revolutionary Workers Party (in Spanish: Partido Revolucionario Obrero Guatemalteco) was a communist party in Guatemala. PROG was founded in 1950, following a split from the Communist Party of Guatemala (PCG). PROG made its first public appearance on July 1. PROG was led by Víctor Manuel Gutiérrez. The split in PCG had been provoked by discussions on the socio-economic composition of the Central Committee.

Gutiérrez, returning from a stay in Eastern Europe, declared the dissolution of PROG on February 2, 1952. The Central Committee of PROG declared that the party members were free to choose their future political course, but recommended them to join PCG. Gutiérrez joined PCG, and was elected Central Committee member of PCG.

title: Guatemalan Revolutionary Workers Party


text:
Talk:Centurion Card/Archives/2014

$10,000,000 card fee?
Someone is vandalizing this page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:17, 7 November 2011 (UTC)

patterns and public credit history and has never been disclosed to me, a member for well over a decade. My annual fee upon first joining was $1000.00. There was no initiation fee. In addition to the Centurion individual black titanium card, the current $2500.00 fee also includes 3 additional Platinum Cards for family and friends (including yourself, if you want to downplay) along with the benefits of those cards.Exeterguy (talk) 03:23, 13 April 2012 (UTC)Exeterguy — Preceding unsigned comment added by Exeterguy (talk • contribs) 21:02, 7 April 2012 (UTC)

Card Fees
I've heard that the annual fee of the Centurion card by American Express is now $1,500.

Edit

I read $2500 as of April 2004. Its $2500 for 2006 I just got my card and that's the new annual fee.

< 10k on the planet is perhaps a bit iffy. I've spent extensive amounts of time in Apple Stores for reasons that shall remain unexplained, and I've seen easilly one Black Card a week, sometimes more. Either there are more than that mere 10k around or small Apple stores are a hit amongst the worlds rich.

I added a link to the Snopes entry about this card which does cite references. Perhaps we can move this out of the 'articles lacking sources' category?

<10k on the planet is very unlikely. Centurion magazine's publication in Hong Kong alone exceeds 10k. --theorb 15:20, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

I am sure more - I hear the threshold aimed for by AMEX head office is 1% of total AMEX card membership worldwide. So if you find number of card holders world wide extrapolate from that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:19, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

When AMEX doubled the Centurion annual fees last year (Jan. 2006), I asked CS if it's still worth it to renew the card and how many cards are there in Hong Kong, and at the time I was told it was already in 5 digit numbers... I'd think it's more like maybe 250K users worldwide? It's not really as rare as people think...

Titanium card?
I find it very hard to credit that any credit card issued might be metallic (harder, and more expensive to manufacture, problems with airport metal detectors etc...), so, is there any creditable sources to that? and, no, unless given good reason to believe so, I don't regard a geocities site to be creditable, espêcially as it does admit to not being official and takes full measures not to get sued on that account. --Svartalf 23:54, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

I put in a link to a relatively credible blog as a reference, but I since my parents have the card, I can affirm that it is now cut from titanium.

I have also added another link to a flyertalk thread discussing the titanium card. I can also confirm it exists as my parents have it as well. It is the same size as a regular credit card, just significantly heavier. makes a loud clanging noise when dropped on a counter or such. --Fmerchant 16:37, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

As a Centurion member since 2004, I can tell you that it is titanium metal.. It's as plastic as the regular green AMEX but just black in color, in fact, I just modified and deleted that line in the article. It's not as rare as people might think, I'm just an average person and I've been using it since it came out, so stop spreading myth, lies etc...

Say what ya will, I just held a japanese Amex Centurion in my hands, pulled it right out of the box it was delivered in, and it is mat black titanium. I'll try to get some photos (obfuscating the name and number of course). <IP_ADDRESS> 08:43, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I think it's safe to say that much of the above counts as original research. The only credible source I can find is page 85 of the May 2007 issue of Esquire magazine, in which Halle Berry tries to pay for dinner with a titanium Amex card. Orthografer 04:41, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

YES, it actually is titanium metal! My husband got his in January of 2007. It's totally different from a regular plastic credit card. It actually feels different & it weighs way more than a plastic card. It doesn't bend at all. I believe they have just started replacing existing customer's plastic cards with the new titanium. It's funny...when we go to restaurants & retail stores staffers always check it out & ask questions. --

YES and NO ;) (July 30th, 2007) The Centurion card is not titanium in all countries. It was first launched in black plastic. Titanium cards were then tested by a few hundred holders (in Germany for example) before they were launched for all others. I have an Amex Centurion (international dollar card, issued and managed by Amex UK) for many years, and my card is still black platic. I assume it will be issued in titanium some day also.

Finally in Hong Kong (Nov 2, 2007) I just got confirmation from AMEX HK that titanium replacement cards will start to be mailing out to Centurion holders by mid Nov here in HK, joy :D —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:17, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

The card is titanium. It is a bit of a hassle as it takes 10days minimum to manufacture - so when reorder there is a marked delay cf plastic. And they insist on personal courier to a street address in person; so it's hard to sync receipt of card if you are travelling or busy with work. This was a surprise to me as I had imagined the card could be delivered to me no matter where I was. As always the reality is less glamourous and they made it sound like delivery of a tv set - ie we'll be there sometime between 6am and 6pm Tuesday - guaranteed to arrive just as you step out for 5 minutes! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:24, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

My sister is a bar tender in a high end DC area bar and when I was there visiting one day she showed me a customer's black card. I noticed it was heavier than other cards I've handled. I knocked it against the counter and it "dinged." I don't know what metal it was, but it was metal.Ratherthanlater (talk) 17:58, 10 February 2009 (UTC)

I worked in designer retail at a ritzy destination for a year and I have personally handled several of these cards. I didn't exactly pull out my bunsen burner and see what color flame comes off (to identify the metal) but they are NOT titanium. I own plenty of titanium high-performance camping and climbing gear. I can confirm, however, that the cards are made of metal (MUCH heavier than titanium of the same thickness) The cards are about twice as thick as standard plastic ones, too. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:43, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I found a third-party source to confirm it is made of titanium. Geraldshields11 (talk) 19:37, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

American Express Red
Is there a resource about it ? Maybe we could start an article ?Hektor 17:12, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

I assure you all that the black card is now made of metal, titanium. Its thin like a normal credit card, but definitely metal. I have the card.

US cardholders are indeed getting the titanium version of the card, I received my replacement (unprompted) and it is indeed a metal of some sort. I don't care for it - it has gotten stuck in a few automated machines and draws more attention to it from retail staff.

Hello I just got "Black Card", the thing i like about it is u get gold or silver status on frequest flyer programe of most of the airline i fly. and get excess to most of the airport lounge.

The Black Card is definitly titanium, therefore thicker and heavier than a normal card. You have not seen the official "Black Card" if you don't notice the difference. I am a server at an exclusive resturant and my regular pays everytime with that same card.

The titanium card is definitely NOT thicker than a standard card. The material doesn't dictate thickness. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:51, 20 February 2011 (UTC)

Availability and Costs
The exchange rate for the German fee is way off! For quite a while 1 US$ is about 0,76 € or 1 € is approx. 1,3 $ ( Can., Aus. and US-$ being roughly the same at the time), so 2000 € is 2600 $, or the stated 7000 $ would be around 5400 $.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:09, 29 June 2013 (UTC) The requirements are now a strict blend of secure credit rating and low credit risk + a threshold of annual spend on luxury goods and travel. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:26, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

The annual spending requirement to get an invitation for Centurion card is not as substantial as the amounts stated in the article. Please cite reference. --theorb 02:11, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

The annual requirements are correct for USA. There are several references on the referenced sites in the article. Ron Schnell 08:52, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

I am sure that the spending requirements to get an invitation is much less in other countries at least. The other issue is that the site's that are referenced are not American Express endorsed, which means that the validity of the information may be disputed. --theorb 03:45, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

Poster "theorb" is very uninformed regarding this card. Each satement that has been disputed by this poster is actually correct. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:46, February 8, 2007

I am sure the annual spending requirements for a Centurion card inviation in Hong Kong is not as substantial as the amounts stated in the article because I got an invitation for Centurion card without spending as much as the amounts stated in the article. The invitation kit that I posted is one that I received myself. Not sure how much more informed can I be. --theorb 02:34, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

Nothing in the Wikipedia article states whether it matters (to qualify) if you charge $250K on a business card v. $250K on a personal card. Does anyone have experience acquiring the card by accumulating charges to your business credit card?

I received the card bsaed on spending with my business card. The rules are 2 years with the business card (or personal). No missed payments, and at least $250,000 spending in one period of 12 months (does not need to be in a single year). The latest card is made of titanium, and is incredibly annoying when you travel - it goes off in airport metal detectors. It also draws too much attention as it often is difficult to pull through a credit card swipe - it always illicits questions. JPShepherd 21:46, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

Does the $250K need to be spent on a single card, by a single card holder or by a single account? What if you have $250K in spending across 4 AMEX accounts for which you are the primary card holder (e.g. 3 business accounts + 1 personal account) with multiple secondary card holders on one of the business accounts? (Anon) 21 July 2007.

Answer: The $250k can be spent across multiple personal cards or a single business card. You cannot combine the two, but as long as you are the primary cardholder on multiple personal cards it's okay.

In Hong Kong, the annual spending on a personal card to receive a Centurion invitation is more like US$50k to US$60k. Not that hard to get an invitation actually. theorb 17:41, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

Vandalism
Removed Vandalism in Cultural References section

--Daishi808 18:59, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

Are those really imitators
The Morgan Stanley i24 card, in particular, seems to me to be intended as a competitor to the Amex Platinum rather than the Centurion. The i24 annual fee is similar to that of the Amex Platinum and, like the Amex Platinum it is widely marketed and anybody with a good credit history and a typical professional/management level salary can apply without previously being a customer. In fact i24's website seems to go out of its way to present the card as a practical choice and good value for money, rather than presenting it as an 'exclusive' card like Centurion. On a superficial level, i24 is also a light coloured card, not a black card.

So in short, I don't really think i24 belongs on a list of Centurion imitators. I'm not sure about the other cards listed there. Eggybacon 18:18, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

Popular Culture Section
Can we remove the warning on the main page about popular culture sections being discouraged? This is a special case: originally, the card's existence was a "secret," and popular culture played a key role in telling the world that the card existed. The amount of popular culture references also helps us to estimate how many of the cards exist. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:32, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

 * The section should stay, but it's a mess and a lot of those references don't meet the "In Popular Culture" standards. There are also some formatting and basic grammatical issues there. If after pruning and cleanup the section shrinks to the point that it no longer serves a purpose, then it should be removed. I would do it myself, but I don't know enough about any part of that section to judge what should stay and what should go. ~Michael Chidester 27 1702 FEB 2009 (UTC)

Link to flyertalk
The flyertalk forum is indeed a forum, and in general forums should not be in wikipedia articles. However, it does contain definitive information, and it well moderated, and any misinformation is quickly corrected. The problem is that it is the only place with such a large amount of info on the card described by this article. The guidance for links does not say that forums *must not* be linked, and if there was to be an exception, to me this is an appropriate one.

Please discuss here instead of just removing. I would like to discuss further. Ron Schnell 04:45, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

At first I thought the links to FlyerTalk were mere spam. However, after further exploration, I recently joined FT, and it is a great resource for learning about the Centurion card and related matters. For example, on FlyerTalk, I learned that some people have received the Centurion card by request -- i.e., they were not invited, but asked for cards and got them. Also, if you get to know the culture of FT, you would probably realize that its owners would not spam Wikipedia. While I wouldn't go out of my way to post a FT link here, I believe that those who do, do so in good faith. ANON 30 November 2007 (Peace)

I think the links and references section need a complete overhaul. They list sites such as amex-black who it seems gets a lot of their information from flyertalk, and by wikipedia standards would not be a verifiable source, however sites such as M-SITE, one of the first centurion sites around which is run by a centurion card member and filled with tons of information, and also my site featuring the only full detailed comparison for the centurion card around, are shot down. http://www.jblackbelt.com has 3 complete compairsons as well as a complete list of the centurion benefits with information that comes from the AMEX platinum and centurion websites, and the platinum side can easily be verified. I think there is something wrong here, and that some sites are getting special treatment, and its something that is not fair. When I brought it up with a wikipedia moderator I was told to discuss it here. I am wondering if any others feel the same way?

Jblackbelt (talk) 02:31, 7 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Just find a third-party source like I did. Geraldshields11 (talk) 19:40, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

Invitations no longer sent?
The American Express Web Site has the following to say about the Centurion Card: " Available by invitation only, The Centurion Card is the world’s rarest American Express Card and confers a level of service that can be extended only to selected individuals worldwide." This seems to flatly contradict the statement in the opening paragraph of the article, which claims that invitations are no longer sent. If no citation is provided, I'll probably fix this soon. -AdamRoach (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 21:26, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

>> The number of invitations sent depends on each market where the card is offered. This information may not be accurate for all countries, and should be amended. Invitations for the International Currency Centurion cards are still sent. Ahrz (talk) 01:06, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

is this card appeared in the movie quantum of solace?
is this the card that was cancelled by M when bond tried to buy a flight ticket? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:58, 6 February 2009 (UTC) No that was The Visa Black Card!--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:07, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
 * However, a third-party source specificaly said James Bond used this card in the movie Casino Royale. Geraldshields11 (talk) 19:44, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

Calculation error
In the "Competitors" Section: 3M x $495 = 1.5B. Not 150M —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:16, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

what about
what about amex platinum in wikipedia ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:32, 1 December 2009 (UTC)

Publications
The Centurion Magazine website went live last week, so from now on the editorial content that was previously available to Centurion members only will now be available to the general public online. It doesn't seem to contain any information on the card as such, but the link certainly is relevant as a source and warrants a mention under the "Publications " section.

I hope someone who is able to edit this page is able to add the link: http://www.centurion-magazine.com/home.html

Weirdly-curious (talk) 14:15, 13 June 2011 (UTC)

Section 2 benefits out of date
All the benefits associated with this reference 4 (four) in section 2, Features were valid through December 31, 2006 only. --FeralOink (talk) 23:45, 18 February 2012 (UTC)

Currency Conversions Way Off
A large amount of the currency conversions are incorrect. For example: €2,000 plus one-time fee of €2,000 ($70,000).... 2,000 euros is not 70,000.

Top 5
These are the top 5 most exclusive credit cards in the world.

 * http://www.businessinsider.com/the-5-best-credit-cards-for-the-wealthy-2013-7

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:43, 1 March 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Centurion Card/Archives/2014


text:
Ambai Arts College

Ambai Arts College, is a general degree college located in Ambasamudram, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu. It was established in the year 1969. The college is affiliated with Manonmaniam Sundaranar University. This college offers different courses in arts and commerce.

Accreditation
The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).

title: Ambai Arts College


text:
Talk:North Richland Hills, Texas

Police Section
I would like someone more experienced to elaborate on this section highlighting some of the things that have gone on with NRHPD. Would really appreciate it. Only post what you can back up etc, same old. —Preceding unsigned comment added by TexanSocialist (talk • contribs), 01:55, April 21, 2007

Iron Horse
Is it me, or does the paragraph talking about the Iron Horse Golf Course sound like an advertisement? I think it belongs here; it just needs NPOV. Someone else will have to clean it up since I have a conflict of interest. Yellowcard47 16:43, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:North Richland Hills, Texas


text:
Churchill Ettinger

Churchill Ettinger (May 10, 1903 – March 4, 1984) was an American painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

title: Churchill Ettinger


text:
College Algebra/FOIL and algebraic manipulation

FOIL is an abbreviation for the words first, outer, inner, and last. It is a mnemonic to help with polynomial multiplication.

Take a look at this example of multiplying two linear monomials:

 * $$(x + 3)(x + 4) \,\;$$

There are 4 distinct products which have to be computed. Here they are highlighted:
 * first - $$(\mathbf{x} + 3)(\mathbf{x} + 4) \,\;$$
 * outer - $$(\mathbf{x} + 3)(x + \mathbf{4}) \,\;$$
 * inner - $$(x + \mathbf{3})(\mathbf{x} + 4) \,\;$$
 * last - $$(x + \mathbf{3})(x + \mathbf{4}) \,\;$$

The product of the highlighted terms gives:
 * first - $$x^2 \,\;$$
 * outer - $$4x \,\;$$
 * inner - $$3x \,\;$$
 * last - $$12 \,\;$$

Adding everything up, we get
 * $$(x + 3)(x + 4) = x^2 + 7x + 12 \,\;$$

Note: The point of this is to remind you to multiply everything in one set of parenthesis exactly once with everything in the other set of parenthesis. As long as you understand that this is why you do this, it doesn't matter what order you do it in, as long as it all gets added in the end. And so, F+O+I+L is the same as O+L+I+F, L+I+F+O, F+L+O+I, etc.

Exercises:
 { $$(x + 1)(x + 6)=\,\;$${ x^2 + 7x + 6 (i)|x^2+7x+6 (i) _16 }
 * type="{}"}

{ $$(x + 2)(x + 4)=\,\;$${ x^2 + 6x + 8 (i)|x^2+6x+8 (i) _16 }
 * type="{}"}

{ $$(x + 3)(x + 7)=\,\;$${ x^2 + 10x + 21 (i)|x^2+10x+21 (i) _16 }
 * type="{}"}

{ $$(x - 2)(x + 5)=\,\;$${ x^2 + 3x - 10 (i)|x^2+3x-10 (i) _16 }
 * type="{}"}

{ $$(x + 3)(x - 2)=\,\;$${ x^2 + x - 6 (i)|x^2+x-6 (i) _16 }
 * type="{}"}

{ $$(x - 4)(x + 1)=\,\;$${ x^2 - 3x - 4 (i)|x^2-3x-4 (i) _16 }
 * type="{}"}

{ $$(x - 3)(8 - x)=\,\;$${ -x^2 + 11x - 24 (i)|-x^2+11x-24 (i) _16 }
 * type="{}"}

{ $$(x - 1)(x - 5)=\,\;$${ x^2 - 6x + 5 (i)|x^2-6x+5 (i) _16 }
 * type="{}"}

{ $$(4 - x)(x - 6)=\,\;$${ -x^2 + 10x - 24 (i)|-x^2+10x-24 (i) _16 }
 * type="{}"}

{ $$(2x + 3)(x + 5)=\,\;$${ 2x^2 + 13x + 15 (i)|2x^2+13x+15 (i) _16 }
 * type="{}"}

{ $$(x + 1)(3x - 2)=\,\;$${ 3x^2 + x - 2 (i)|3x^2+x-2 (i) _16 }
 * type="{}"}

{ $$(4x + 3)(x - 9)=\,\;$${ 4x^2 - 33x - 27 (i)|4x^2-33x-27 (i) _16 }
 * type="{}"}

{ $$(2x - 7)(3x + 5)=\,\;$${ 6x^2 - 11x - 35 (i)|6x^2-11x-35 (i) _16 }
 * type="{}"}

{ $$(4x + 8)(2x + 6)=\,\;$${ 8x^2 + 40x + 48 (i)|8x^2+40x+48 (i) _16 }
 * type="{}"}

{ $$(3 - 5x)(2x - 1)=\,\;$${ -10x^2 + 11x - 3 (i)|-10x^2+11x-3 (i) _16 }
 * type="{}"}

{ $$(a + b + c)(d + e + f)=\,\;$${ ad + ae + af + bd + be + bf + cd + ce + cf (i)|ad+ae+af+bd+be+bf+cd+ce+cf (i) _42 }
 * type="{}" coef="2"}


text:
User:JaF893

Why did I join wikibooks? I joined wikibooks so that I could publish my A-level revision notes on the web and at the same time contribute to the open-source community. Most of my contributions to wikibooks are simply copies of my a-level notes only with greater detail. Hopefully, someone will find them useful. Why JaF893? JaF is my initials - my full name is Joseph Adam Farish. The 893 suffix comes from the japanese card game Oicho Kabu. Oicho Kabu is simillar to blackjack except that the aim is to get a total of 19. In Japanese, Ya means 8, ku means 9 and za means 3. Since 8+9+3 = 20, it is a worthless score. Similarly the Yakuza or Japanese mafia serve no purpose within Japanese scoiety.

Links

My Blog - Self explanatory Diamondback Rock - My Dad's band My Wiktionary - My 'sister' page on wiktionary Mozilla Firefox hints and tips - A useful hread on Overclockers UK with tips for using the Mozilla Firefox Browser.

title: User:JaF893


text:
pinni

Etymology 1
Borrowed from. Meaning "pin" (in electronics) is a.

Noun

 * 1) hairpin
 * 2)  pin

Etymology
From late, from , from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) pin, peg, stick

title: pinni


text:
D. P. K. Pillay

Colonel (Dr.) Divakaran Padma Kumar (DPK) Pillay, SC (born 12 August 1967) is a former Indian Army officer. He was severely wounded in counter insurgency operations in Longdi Pabram village, a hamlet in the remote Tamenglong district of Manipur in India's northeast, where he saved the lives of 2 children - a boy named Dingamang Pamei and a girl named Masebiliu Pamei, despite his injuries. He shot into prominence recently when he undertook the journey back to the village where he was wounded in the firefight and subsequently for delivering development and humanitarian activities to the village in the remote district of Tamenglong.

Early life and education
Pillay was born on 12 August 1967 in a Travancore Nair family in Kannur, Kerala, India, to Major and Mrs A.V. Divakaran Pillay. His parents originally hailed from the Travancore kingdom. His father served as an officer in the Indian army, while his grandfather was an officer in the Nair Brigade of Travancore. He was educated at Bangalore Military School in Bangalore, Karnataka. He went on to join the 72nd course of National Defence Academy in 1984, which he graduated in 1988 with a bachelor's degree in Arts. Pillay also holds a master's degree from Sikkim Manipal University.

Pillay was awarded a Ph.D. by Panjab University, Chandigarh for his doctoral thesis on "Evaluation of Models of Human Security with Special Reference to India". His thesis examines the concept of human security as propounded by various agencies like the UN, multilateral agencies and NGO's as well as countries such as Japan, Canada, and other countries. His article titled "Applying Human Security in Indian Context" has been published by Routledge in its publication Strategic Analysis Issue no 40 Volume 1. He is married. He has three sons - Vikramaditya Pillay, Siddhartha Pillay, Harshavardhan Pillay.

Military career
After graduating from the National Defence Academy in 1988, Pillay was commissioned into the 4th battalion of the Brigade of the Guards (4 Guards). He saw active service in the Indian states of Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir before moving to the 8th battalion of the Brigade of the Guards (8 Guards) deployed in India's northeast, where he was involved in an encounter in which he nearly lost his life with multiple gunshots directed on his chest and arm and a grenade blast that exploded on his right foot and blew up a portion of the leg.

In a fateful patrol Pillay led in 1994, he was tasked to protect a few tribal villages during a phase of disturbance that involved ethnic clashes between Nagas and Kukis in Manipur's Tamenglong district. He managed to track down insurgents from the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) hiding in Tamenglong and successfully ambushed them in Longdi Pabram village. However, after the surrender of the militants, Pillay, who was near fatally wounded, realised that there were two young children who were injured in the cross fire. When the helicopter arrived to evacuate him, he refused to be moved and insisted that the young children be taken to safety first.

This noble act won over not only the villagers but also the insurgents in the area. Though the villagers presumed that Pillay had died in the encounter, a patrol team sent to the village in March 2010 connected the villagers to Pillay who was immediately invited and felicitated in a major way by the village. The soldier's humanitarian service has also earned him a moniker of "Pillay Pamei" among the local population. "Pamei" is a surname and clan of the influential Zeliangrong community residing in the village. Pillay has thereafter returned several times to the village and has organised several activities for development of the region, earning him the sobriquet of "Hero of Manipur" and "Savior of Longdi Pabram".

Philosophy
When asked why he chose his course of action over his own evacuation as he himself was dying, Pillay said that the "First thing that came to my mind as a trained soldier was the safety of the children and all others. I was trained to sacrifice my own life and comfort for my people and my country who always come first. I always knew I was not amongst enemies but my own brothers and sisters. I could not choose the suffering and sorrow of the people I was sent to protect to that of mine. I could not allow the children to suffer. I had two options - one was to perpetuate the violence and the other to end it with me and say that all that is evil ends with me. I have always been inspired by Mahatma Gandhi who said "Be the change you want to see in the world". I am glad I chose the latter - the harder right instead of the easier wrong!"

Pillay's philosophy of countering insurgency is simple: "Peace is not just an absence of violence but a consistent delivery of opportunities to survive and to improve and develop not just as an individual, but also as a community and a region. Despite the lack of glamour, peace is a better choice - the right choice. We must choose peace over violence."

Post-military career
Pillay was also a research fellow at Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA), New Delhi and at the Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi. He is also an alumnus of Geneva Centre for Security Policy where he has attended the NISC course in 2007. He also hold a graduate degree from Fordham University, New York City, having completed the module of the International Diploma in Humanitarian Assistance course serial no 42. He is also on the roster of United Nations Civil Military Coordinators having qualified on the UN CM Coordination course in 2014.

Honours and awards
Pillay was selected to serve in his alma mater, Bangalore Military School, after he was decorated with the Shaurya Chakra, India's third highest peacetime gallantry award. The then Chief of Army Staff who presided over the School Golden Jubilee celebrations, General Shankar Roychowdhury, handpicked him to serve in Bangalore Military School for motivation of the young cadets to join the Indian Armed Forces. With this, Pillay earned the singular distinction of being the only "Georgian" to serve as the "Administrative Officer" (AO) at the prestigious institute. The school under his leadership went on to achieve exemplary results in all fields ranging from academics to sports to other extra-curricular activities. In 2006, he joined the Ministry of Defence as the Planning Officer (Defence) - the first service officer to do so. While on this assignment he represented the Ministry of Defence at the Conference on Disarmament at the UN office at Geneva, for the review conference on the use of Certain Conventional Weapons in 2007 and 2008. He was also part of the Indian delegation led by HE Pranab Mukherjee to the United Nations General Assembly in 2006.

Pillay was honoured by CNN IBN in the very inaugural edition of their program called India Positive. Col. Pillay was one of the only three awardees to be felicitated with the Special Achievement Award for his acts of courage and optimism and bringing about a bigger change in the country.

title: D. P. K. Pillay


text:
German/Appendices/Grammar I

Beginning German | Basic German | Intermediate German

Nominative case personal pronouns
The nominative case is used as the subject of a verb.

Genitive case personal pronouns
The genitive case corresponds to the possessive case in English or to the English objective case preceded by 'of' and denoting possession. The use of genitive personal pronouns is very rare in German and many Germans are unable to use them correctly.

Examples:
 * Ich erbarme mich eurer. ~           I take pity on you(rs).
 * meiner unbedeutenden Meinung nach. ~ in my humble opinion (IMHO)

Dative case personal pronouns
The personal pronouns in the dative case are used as indirect objects of verbs and after the prepositions aus, außer, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu.

Accusative case personal pronouns
The personal pronouns in the accusative case are used as direct objects of transitve verbs and after the prepositions durch, für, gegen, ohne, um.

title: German/Appendices/Grammar I


text:
Kapiti Fine Foods

Kapiti Fine Foods Ltd (stylised as Kāpiti) is a New Zealand company that produces dairy products such as cheeses and ice cream. It takes its name from its original site at Lindale on the Kāpiti Coast. It was founded in 1984 and has factories in Palmerston North. It has been owned by Fonterra since 2005.

History
Kapiti was founded in 1984 by Ross McCallum and Neville McNaughton as a small cheese shop and factory at Lindale Tourist Complex on the Kāpiti Coast. The shop and factory initially employed only one full-time employee, with help from a number of part-time employees. By 2002 the company had 150 employees and retail outlets in Auckland, Christchurch and Lindale, assisted by an expansion of production facilities in 1997, and consistent annual growth. On 15 November 2005, Fonterra agreed to purchase Kapiti Fine Foods Ltd from its previous owner, Foodstuffs. In 2019, Kapiti ice cream was licensed to Froneri as part of Fonterra's sale of the Tip Top ice cream brand.

In 2019, the company announced that it was closing its factory in Paraparaumu.

Products
Kapiti produces a variety of dairy products. In 1997, production of a range of ice cream and sorbet products began, intended for use in the hospitality and food service industries. In 2009, the company launched a range of ice cream products for the consumer market.

In 2010, Kapiti launched a range of yoghurt products for the consumer market.

title: Kapiti Fine Foods


text:
Talk:Arthur Mole

External links modified
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title: Talk:Arthur Mole


text:
Arcos de Canasí

Arcos de Canasí Bacunayagya is a Cuban village and consejo popular ("people's council", i.e. hamlet) of the municipality of Santa Cruz del Norte, in Mayabeque Province. Until 2011, it was part of the former La Habana Province.

History
The town was founded in 1738 at the mouths of the Rio Canasi. Due to frequent flooding, the town was moved to higher ground in 1808, on the actual location.

It was its own municipality (administering an area of 125 km2 ) of the Matanzas Province until 1976, when its territories were re-distributed to the Santa Cruz del Norte municipality of the La Habana Province. With the split of the La Habana Province in 2010, this municipality belongs currently to Mayabeque Province.

Economy
The town's economy is mainly agriculture. Farmers offering cheese and fruit on the side of the Via Blanca highway are an everyday sight.

Intense oil exploitation is active on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean just north of the town.

title: Arcos de Canasí


text:
Guy Parker-Rees

Guy Parker-Rees is a British illustrator and author of children's books.

Biography
Parker-Rees studied Literature and Philosophy at York University. He currently lives in Brighton with his wife and three children. Before becoming a children's book author and illustrator, Parker-Rees worked as an art teacher for people with learning difficulties and as an art therapist in a social services day center. Parker-Rees's work includes illustrating for other writers, most notably Giles Andreae, as well as creating his own children's books. His name featured on the lists of the top 50 most borrowed illustrators from UK public libraries from July 2015 – June 2016.

Giraffes Can't Dance
Giraffes Can't Dance is Parker-Rees's most successful picture book, an international bestseller on amazon.co.uk and number one bestselling picture book in the United States. As of March 2019, it has sold over four million copies worldwide.

Other books

 * Be Brave Little Penguin
 * Dylan The Doctor
 * Dylan The Shopkeeper
 * Twist and Hop Minibeast Bop
 * Fabulous Pie
 * Never Ask a Dinosaur to Dinner
 * Tom and Millie's Whizzy Busy People
 * Tom and Millie's Great Big Treasure Hunt
 * Diggory Digger and the Dinosaurs
 * The Jungle Run
 * Ants In Your Pants
 * Jolly Olly Octopus
 * Farmer Joe and the Music Show
 * All Afloat on Noah's Boat
 * The Chimpanzees of Happytown
 * Perky Little Penguins
 * Bumpus Jumpus Dinosaurumpus
 * Down By the Cool of the Pool
 * K is for Kissing a Cool Kangaroo
 * Spookyrumpus
 * Along Came a Bedtime
 * Ducky Dives In
 * Come to Tea on Planet Zum-Zee
 * Quiet!
 * The Hippo-not-amus
 * Big Bad Bunny
 * Little Jim Lost

Awards and honours

 * Sheffield Book Award 2016
 * Giraffes Can't Dance
 * Spookyrumpus

 * Portsmouth Book award
 * Giraffes Can't Dance
 * Spookyrumpus

 * Blue Peter Book Award shortlist 2004

 * Quiet!

 * FCBG Children's Book Award 2016
 * Fabulous Pie

title: Guy Parker-Rees


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Scientific consensus on global warming

The result was delete - redirected to Scientific opinion on climate change by User:Sln3412.  Sango 123  02:59, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Scientific consensus on global warming
Fork of Scientific opinion on climate change, product of several bad page moves and content copies--<IP_ADDRESS> 02:15, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * delete - preferably speedy revival of 2 year old fork article as part of a shell game by disgruntled editor in an apparent attempt to confuse the issue. Vsmith 02:43, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per Vsmith.--Peta 04:56, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per Vsmith. --Chris Griswold 06:49, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete redundant article. Wryspy 09:42, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as WP:POVFORK. Yomangani talk 10:36, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete fork, merge anything worthwhile into Scientific opinion on climate change. HGB 17:33, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * speedy delete William M. Connolley 21:52, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

I'm speedying this... I'm sure Ed "shoot from the hip" Poor would approve... William M. Connolley 21:52, 13 August 2006 (UTC)


text:
Bud Sharpe

Bayard Heston "Bud" Sharpe (1881–1916) was a Major League Baseball first baseman/outfielder. He played Major League baseball in parts of two seasons – 1905 and 1910.

Sharpe was born on August 6, 1881, in West Chester, Pennsylvania. He batted left-handed and threw right-handed, and his height and weight are unknown. Sharpe chose to attend Penn State University.

On April 14, 1905, at the age of 23, Sharpe made his big league debut with the Boston Beaneaters. In 46 games that year, he batted .182 in 170 at-bats.

The next chance Sharpe got to play in the big leagues was with the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1910. He played only four games with them that year before being traded to the Boston Doves on April 28 with Sam Frock for Kirby White. With both teams in 1910, Sharpe hit a combined .237 in 119 games.

On the diamond, Sharpe committed 23 career errors for a .983 fielding percentage.

Sharpe played his final big league game on September 24, 1910. He died from a heart attack on May 31, 1916, in Haddock, Georgia, at the age of 34. His body was buried in Greenmount Cemetery in the place of his birth, West Chester, Pennsylvania.

Sharpe was also a noted soccer player, spending time with a local team in West Chester during the baseball off-seasons.

title: Bud Sharpe


text:
User:Tiamchaliker

Tiam Chaliker well known by her stage name Snixx is a 20 year old (18th Oactober 1996) girl from Melbourne Australia.

title: User:Tiamchaliker


text:
Gavkosh

Gavkosh may refer to:
 * Gavkosh, Hormozgan
 * Gavkosh, Kerman
 * Gavkosh, Jiroft, Kerman Province
 * Gavkosh, Razavi Khorasan

title: Gavkosh


text:
Digger Dawson

William John "Digger" Dawson (1905 – ?) was an English professional footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Carlisle United, Crewe Alexandra and York City and in non-League football for Newbiggin West End and Workington.

title: Digger Dawson


text:
Talk:Baron Hesketh

Manual of Styles
Hello, I explained my de-redlinking of non-articles, as well as my removal of linking of solitary years on the original author's page. Both changes are in accordance with Wikipedia's manual of style. I am re-instating my changes. Johntex\talk 21:11, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Baron Hesketh


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Patrick Dodd

The result of the debate was delete. Shanel 02:22, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Patrick Dodd
not, alas, notable. Midgley 00:47, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Delete, looks like one of 10,000 "entrepreneurs" out there. In other words, non-notable. — Kimchi.sg | Talk 00:55, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-notable person, though there does seem to be a notable political songwriter with 16,300 Google results out there with the same name -- T B C [[Image:Confused-tpvgames.gif|18px|]] ???  ???   ??? 00:57, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, doesn't seem to meet WP:BIO, reads more like WP:VANITY than anything. Definitely not the songwriter. -- Kinu t /c  02:47, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete - A rather well-written vanity page, but still a vanity page. --Viridian {Talk} 03:41, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity.Blnguyen | Have your say!!! 04:36, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete non-notable. Hbackman 04:36, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. ¡Dustimagic!  ( T / C ) 04:51, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. --Khoikhoi 05:15, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable. dcandeto 06:17, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete Not notable enough for WP ~Linuxerist L / T 07:05, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete Nothing to indicate notability --Icarus 07:45, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as nn-bio. Robin Johnson 10:14, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn and vanity. --Ter e nce Ong 10:20, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn Lankiveil 11:06, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as completely not notable. Jud e (talk,contribs,email) 11:47, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable. -- S iva1979 Talk to me  14:28, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. joturner 23:15, 20 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jordanian Arab Party

The result was no consensus. Barkeep49 (talk) 01:04, 16 September 2020 (UTC)

Jordanian Arab Party

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Non-notable political party. It exists, and that appears to be it. Article in arwiki has exactly the same sources as this one—which I don't think are enough—and is also a stub. There was a party by the same name in the early 20th century (see, e.g., ), but that one doesn't appear notable either. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 14:55, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Politics-related deletion discussions. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 14:55, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Jordan-related deletion discussions. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 14:55, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Organizations-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 15:08, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
 * Keep - "It exists" is enough for me per the guideline of Ignore All Rules (use common sense to improve the encyclopedia). This is the sort of information that a comprehensive encyclopedia is expected to have. I favor the automatic inclusion of articles on all political parties, their youth sections, and their leaders so long as existence can be verified. Carrite (talk) 00:20, 23 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete I'm not convinced it exists. The two "it exists" references here are simply name-drops with no context, and the reference in the article that works is about an "Arab Jordanian Party".  There should be some evidence they've run candidates, had press releases, etc., and I can't find any. power~enwiki ( π,  ν ) 03:23, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Eddie891 Talk Work 12:26, 24 August 2020 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks,  Sandstein   08:20, 5 September 2020 (UTC)


text:
2015 Memphis Open – Doubles

Eric Butorac and Raven Klaasen were the defending champions, but Klaasen chose to compete in Rotterdam instead. Butorac played alongside Rajeev Ram, but they lost in the quarterfinals to Artem Sitak and Donald Young.

Seeds
• # Ivan Dodig / 🇧🇾 Max Mirnyi (semifinals)

• # 🇦🇺 Sam Groth / 🇦🇺 Chris Guccione (first round)

• # 🇺🇸 Eric Butorac / 🇺🇸 Rajeev Ram (quarterfinals)

• # 🇵🇱 Mariusz Fyrstenberg / 🇲🇽 Santiago González (champions)

title: 2015 Memphis Open – Doubles


text:
Stan Harris (field hockey)

Stan Harris (born March 5, 1934) is an American field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

title: Stan Harris (field hockey)


text:
Talk:David McCracken

Full name
Someone had, long ago, changed this football player's name from David to Phil. I think that was just a joke (i.e. vandalism), as there is a visual artist called Phil McCracken. However I have never heard of any of them, so if I made something wrong when I changed every occurence of "Phil" to "David", I'm very sorry... Fomalhaut76 (talk) 19:29, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 12:59, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:David McCracken


text:
Talk:Aerospace engineering

I have started this page, but as a student of aeronautical and not aerospace engineering, I fear I might be misdirecting the structure of this particular course. If there are issues, I would be very happy to move this structure to a page with a more suitable name. Of course, 'aeronautical' also sounds cooler than 'aerospace'! Mark Lewis 20:59, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

What's about aviation engines?
I guess, it would be necessary to add "Aviation engines" as "area of study" with it's own subareas such as: "Theory of impeller machine", "Hydraulic gas dynamics", "Construction and production engineering of aviation engines" and so on. loader 23:56, 12 January 2008 (UTC)
 * If you know some about the subject, and feel qualified to create a skeleton framework of how the department could be organized, it would be appreciated and saved for all to use, at least for the foreseeable future! --Remi 04:17, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

Yes, of course, I know about this subject more than "some". And I'll try to create skeleton, but the problem is, my English is far from excellent. loader 09:30, 13 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Probably is not too much of a problem. :) Have fun. --Remi 10:16, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

For later integration, possibly...

 * November 2004 ''NASA's X-43A Scramjet Breaks Speed Record

+ HyCAUSE + mag - Emesee 03:59, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

Definition
The following definition of the aerospace discipline seems misleading: ''Aerospace engineering is a field of engineering that specializes in vehicles that move in fluids. This usually means working with airplanes, satellites, rockets or spacecrafts.'' This contradicts itself (spacecraft move through vacuum, which is not a fluid). Also, there are other disciplines that fit this definition but do not actually fall under the purvue of aerospace--specifically, naval engineering and automobile design.

With this in mind, I would like to adapt a definition from Wikipedia that I believe is more appropriate: Aerospace engineering is a discipline in which practitioners design, construct, and analyze air- and space-based vehicles and systems. Of course, the matter is open for discussion. TythosEternal (discuss • contribs) 02:09, 24 February 2013 (UTC)

Expanded Outline
I would like to expand the textual portion of the page with information under the following outline. My objective is to augment this topic into a page that can be leveraged for learning about and within the field. There's a lot of exciting topics that fall under the aerospace umbrella, and as an aerospace engineer, I'd like to share some knowledge! TythosEternal (discuss • contribs) 04:13, 24 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Definition of Field
 * Qualifications and Skills
 * Mathematics (vector calculus, differential equations, numerics)
 * Physics (kinematics, em, gravity)
 * Chemistry (combustion, metallurgy, compsites)
 * Systems & Electronics (instrumentation, controls, integration)
 * Computers (flight software, flight hardware, cad/m&s)
 * Aerospace Engineers
 * Kelly Johnson
 * Werner von Braun
 * Pierre Sprey
 * Common Industries and Employers
 * Launch Vehicles
 * SpaceX
 * United Launch Alliance
 * Scientific Research
 * JPL
 * NASA
 * Spacecraft Design, Construction, and Operation
 * Space Systems / Loral
 * Northrop Grumman
 * Entry and Career Path
 * High School
 * College
 * Graduate School
 * Entry & Internships
 * Mid-career and Specializations
 * Topics
 * Additional Readings
 * External Links
 * References
 * External Links
 * References
 * References

title: Talk:Aerospace engineering


text:
Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022

The Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022 (c. 45) is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom providing "official recognition of the status of the Irish language" in Northern Ireland, with Ulster Scots being an officially recognised minority language.

The act was first envisioned as an Irish Language Act (Acht na Gaeilge) of the Northern Ireland Assembly that would give the Irish language equal status to English in the region, similar to that of the Welsh language in Wales under the Welsh Language Act 1993 and Scottish Gaelic in Scotland under the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005.

Main provisions
The bill includes the following provisions: The provisions on the Irish language were based on the model of the Welsh Language Act 1993.
 * Official recognition and protection of the Irish language
 * Development of the Ulster Scots and Ulster British tradition
 * Two commissioners appointed, one for the Irish language and one for the Ulster Scots/Ulster British tradition
 * The creation of an Office of Identity and Cultural Expression
 * £4 million investment in an Irish language investment fund.

Background

About 184,898 (10.65%) Northern Irish people claim some knowledge of Irish, while about 4,130 (0.2%) speak it as their vernacular.

Before the Act, the status of the Irish language as a minority language was guaranteed by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. This continues to bind the United Kingdom. Since 2008, the Irish republican party Sinn Féin has been advocating that these protections be strengthened by legislation.

Support and opposition
The legislation was supported by An Dream Dearg, Conradh na Gaeilge, POBAL, Sinn Féin, the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), the Alliance Party, the Green Party and People Before Profit. It was opposed by the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP).

Irish language activist and unionist Linda Ervine stated that she had come to support the legislation after comments by DUP MLA Gregory Campbell mocking the Irish language. She said that the act would have little effect on non-Irish speakers and that some politicians had engaged in "scaremongering". When a draft bill was leaked after talks stalled in 2018, Irish language groups criticised the legislation for not going far enough, specifically in not creating new rights for Irish speakers. Meanwhile, DUP supporters condemned the compromise legislation.

In 2017, pressure group An Dream Dearg organised a rally in favour of the act in Belfast, attracting several thousand supporters. In May 2019, more than 200 prominent Irish people signed an open letter urging then Republic of Ireland Taoiseach Leo Varadkar and then Prime Minister of the UK Theresa May to support the act.

Then DUP leader Arlene Foster has stated that it would make more sense to pass a Polish Language Act than an Irish Language Act, because more Northern Ireland residents speak Polish than Irish. Her claim has been disputed by fact checkers. Foster also stated that "If you feed a crocodile they're going to keep coming back and looking for more" with regard to Sinn Féin's demands for the act and accused the party of "using the Irish language as a tool to beat Unionism over the head."

History
Sinn Féin and POBAL, the Northern Irish association of Irish speakers, pointed out that the British government promised to introduce such an act in the 2006 St Andrews Agreement. Unionists said that they never supported such a commitment. As part of the January 2020 New Decade, New Approach compromise agreement, many of the proposals sought under an Irish Language Act would be implemented by amending existing laws rather than introducing a new standalone law.

Proposed provisions (2014, 2017)
In 2014, legislation sought by Sinn Féin would appoint an Irish language commissioner and designate Gaeltacht areas. It would also provide for the right to use Irish:
 * in the judicial system
 * in the Northern Ireland Assembly (Stormont)
 * with public sector services
 * in Irish-medium education
 * on bilingual signage.

In 2017, Conradh na Gaeilge (an all-island non-political social and cultural organisation which promotes the language in Ireland and worldwide) proposed an Act that would provide for
 * the official status of the language
 * Irish in the Assembly
 * Irish in local government
 * Irish and the BBC
 * Irish in the Department of Education;
 * the role of a Language Commissioner
 * placenames.

Other proposals have included replicating the Welsh Language Act 1993 and Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005.

Role in political deadlock (2017 to 2020)
In January 2017, then Sinn Féin deputy First Minister Martin McGuinness resigned in protest over the Renewable Heat Incentive scandal, and the party declined to replace him. Due to Northern Ireland's power-sharing system, a government cannot be formed without both parties, and the Stormont Assembly was suspended.

Gerry Adams, then Sinn Féin leader, stated in August 2017 that "There won't be an assembly without an Acht na Gaeilge." According to The Independent in 2019, the Irish Language Act became the most public issue of disagreement in discussions about restoring Stormont, and it was "almost certainly" required for a deal to be made to end the deadlock.

Compromise (2020 to 2022)

On 11 January 2020, Sinn Féin and the DUP re-entered devolved government under the New Decade, New Approach agreement with then DUP leader Arlene Foster appointed Northern Ireland's first minister, and Sinn Féin's Michelle O'Neill appointed deputy first minister. In the agreement, there would be no standalone Irish Language Act, but the Northern Ireland Act 1998 would be amended and policies implemented to:
 * grant official status to both the Irish language and Ulster Scots in Northern Ireland;
 * establish the post of Irish Language Commissioner to "recognise, support, protect and enhance the development of the Irish language in Northern Ireland" as part of a new Office of Identity and Cultural Expression (alongside an Ulster Scots/Ulster British Commissioner);
 * introduce sliding-scale "language standards", a similar approach to that taken for the Welsh language in Wales, although they are subject to veto by the First Minister or deputy First Minister;
 * repeal a 1737 ban on the use of Irish in Northern Ireland's courts;
 * allow members of the Northern Ireland Assembly to speak in Irish or Ulster Scots, with simultaneous translation for non-speakers, and
 * establish a central translation unit within the Northern Ireland government.

By 11 January 2021 there was a commitment to the forming an Office of Identity and Cultural Expression but real progress was limited. The Executive Office estimated an allocation of £28m in funds, with potential for increase would be dedicated to the improvement of the status of the Irish language, but there was debate over how the funds would be divided and dispersed.

Debate on the exact language of the act stalled in the assembly throughout 2021, with the 'titles of commissioners' reportedly being a concern. In 2022, with an early election called for that May, it was announced no such legislation would be enacted before the end of the legislative period.

In the Parliament of the United Kingdom (2022)
Ultimately, the legislation was enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Bill was introduced in the House of Lords on 25 May 2022 and scrutiny there was concluded on 13 July. The Bill received its first reading in the House of Commons the following day and its second reading on 12 October. The Bill passed in the House of Commons with its third reading on 26 October. On 6 December, the Act received royal assent, meaning that Irish would become an official language in Northern Ireland once the relevant provisions are brought into force.


text:
Lojban/Glossary

 * Abstraction - See Abstractions
 * Acronym - See Acronyms
 * Anaphora - See Lojban/Anaphora.
 * Attitudinal - See Lojban/Attitudinals
 * Brown, James Cooke - Began work creating Loglan around 1955. See Lojban/Introduction to Lojban.
 * Buffer vowel - Unwritten, spoken vowel in a consonant cluster to aid pronunciation. See Sounds and alphabet.
 * cmene - See Lojban/Cmene.
 * Connective - See Connectives.
 * Discursive - See Discursives.
 * Elidable terminator - See Lojban/Elidable terminator.
 * fu'ivla - See Lojban/Fu'ivla.
 * Grammar - The study of the rules governing the use of a language. That set of rules is also called the grammar of the language, and each language has its own distinct grammar. Grammar is part of the general study of language called linguistics. See Lojban/Introduction to Lojban grammar.
 * Letteral - See Lojban/Letterals
 * Logical Language Group
 * Loglan - A constructed language designed for linguistic research, particularly investigation of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. Dr. James Cooke Brown began work creating Loglan around 1955. See Lojban/Introduction to Lojban.
 * Lojban - Artificial language created by the Logical Language Group in 1987 based on the earlier Loglan, with the intent to make the language more complete, usable, and freely available. See Lojban/Introduction to Lojban.
 * lujvo - See Lojban/Lujvo.
 * mekso - See Lojban/Mekso.
 * Negation - See Negation
 * Pro-bridi - See Lojban/Pro-bridi.
 * Pro-sumti - See Lojban/Pro-sumti.
 * rafsi - See Lojban/Rafsi.
 * Sapir, Edward - (pronunciation: suh PEER), (1884-1939), American anthropologist-linguist; a leader in American structural linguistics; author of Language : An Introduction to the Study of Speech (ISBN 0-15648-233-9); Born in Lauenberg, Germany. Pupil of Franz Boas, teacher of Benjamin Whorf.  See Lojban/Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.
 * Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - A linguistic hypothesis that states that there are certain thoughts of an individual in one language that cannot be understood by those who live in another language and that the way people think is strongly affected by their native languages. It is a controversial theory championed by linguist Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Whorf. See Lojban/Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.
 * selbri - See Lojban/Selbri.
 * sumti - See Lojban/Sumti.
 * sumtcita - See Lojban/Sumtcita.
 * tanru - See Lojban/Tanru.
 * tense - See Tenses
 * Vocabulary - See Vocabulary, Lojban/How to learn vocabulary.
 * Vocative - See Lojban/Vocatives.
 * Whorf, Benjamin Lee - (April 24, 1897 - July 26, 1941) was an American linguist. See Lojban/Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.

title: Lojban/Glossary


text:
User:Twickersmith

Hello, I'm based in Scotland and interested in creativity and the use, creation, and applications of knowledge. Looking forward to contributing, editing, and seeing into the mysterious inner-workings of Wikipedia.

I'm particularly interested in the society, culture, and history of the Scottish Inner Hebrides and would be happy to help with any projects involving these topics.

title: User:Twickersmith


text:
Hesar Sorkh, Nishapur

Hesar Sorkh (, also Romanized as Ḩeşār Sorkh) is a village in Ghazali Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 563, in 140 families.

title: Hesar Sorkh, Nishapur


text:
Talk:Manatsu no Magic

Notability
This song does indeed have various sources confirming its existence and charting information, but the existing of something alone does not merit inclusion in Wikipedia, and a song having charted does not change that. All the sources in the article seem to mention the song without actually discussing it, being only product pages, discographies, or chart listings. I could not find a source online that takes this song as a subject in a non-trivial manner (although I do not speak Japanese and one could exist in Japanese). Can you present a source that discusses this song non-trivially? Sjrct (talk) 14:48, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Charting on official charts is the main thing to have a wiki article. There are YouTube one hit parodies that are given wiki pages without issue. "Manatsu no Magic" is a debut single by a very popular group, but having come out 15 years ago (and in Japan), when the Internet was still up and coming, finding English sites isn't easy. I can source to a page where Lead talks about their debut single back in 2015 if need be. But it's also in Japanese (which isn't an issue for a single to have a page). Xenobia4 (talk) 15:10, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * To paraphrase WP:GNG, something is notable if it has received significant coverage in reliable 3rd party sources, which this song does not appear to have to me. A song charting does not alone merit inclusion. I am going to bring this to AfD so other editors can weigh in. Sjrct (talk) 16:25, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Manatsu no Magic


text:
User:Darkbird2001

Supercoolawesome

it is the meaning of more super than cool more cool than awesome the only way to describe it is Supercoolawesome

title: User:Darkbird2001


text:
Talk:wilco

Wilco
A controversial one this maybe as it's on our logo. The fact that it's on our logo should be no reason to keep it. Is just a music group. I suggested redirecting to wilco. --Keene 12:51, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Delete or redirect. --Connel MacKenzie 13:22, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

Another cartoon character...I'm obviously not a big fan of cartoons. --Keene 12:52, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm a fan of cartoons. I just don't think they belong in a dictionary.  Which one is this for?  --Connel MacKenzie 13:22, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

 * delete; I expect our logo was meant to refer to wilco. --EncycloPetey 15:30, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

 * For Wile E. Coyote below. Sorry, mistyped with my keyboard machine. --Keene 15:31, 3 June 2007 (UTC)s

 * Redirected. The redirect should be left (and not deleted) as this is an exceptional case — the word is mentioned, as Wilco, in our logo. — Beobach972 02:37, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I've added the ICAO definition, after being baffled by the removal.  --Connel MacKenzie 02:19, 19 July 2007 (UTC)  Starting over: OK, I'll just redirect this with a comment to be kept, per WT:RFD.  --Connel MacKenzie 02:23, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:wilco


text:
Talk:Lua

Lua
If you know a bit about Lua, please help to structure a couse about it. Thanks. Gibrel 14:12, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Shouldn't this be under Topic:Lua? --<IP_ADDRESS> 11:59, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

 * The discussion of the structure should be under Topic:Lua. The content itself should be in main space under Lua.  See Namespaces for details.  -- Dave Braunschweig (discuss • contribs) 19:42, 4 December 2013 (UTC)

Lessons
I've organized the main page and a few subpages, moved the original Introduction lesson under the learning project, and added a Scribunto/Lua lesson to get people started. Is this what you had in mind? What's next? -- Dave Braunschweig (discuss • contribs) 01:51, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

Use of Module:Sandbox
So far it has been OK using Module:Sandbox: the history shows that only you and I have been active on it. However it strikes me that if more people get involved at the same time there could be all sorts of dysfunctional interactions. I have also started Module:Leuthasb1 to muck about in (my username;sb for sandbox;1 because I may need several). Does this seem like a good practice, or is there a better way of handling this. Leutha (discuss • contribs) 03:18, 8 December 2013 (UTC)

 * I was looking at how Wikipedia does this. They have user sandboxes under Sandbox.  So I might have Module:Sandbox/Dave Braunschweig, and you might have Module:Sandbox/Leutha.  I personally like this approach, as it keeps everything sandbox-related in a single 'learning project'.  -- Dave Braunschweig (discuss • contribs) 04:17, 8 December 2013 (UTC)

OK that sounds good. Better to have a consistent approach.Leutha (discuss • contribs) 09:16, 8 December 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lua


text:
Talk:Blackadder

Blackadder
A British sitcom - no place here for TV shows. --Keene 22:45, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Keep. —Stephen 02:44, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Wiktionary is not an encyclopedia. Delete the sitcom sense. The surname sense should go to RFV if disputed. Dmcdevit·t 03:51, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Sitcom sense deleted. — Paul G 13:55, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Blackadder


text:
Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation

Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation (Школа математических и навигацких наук) was a Russian educational institution founded by Peter the Great in 1701. Situated in the Sukharev Tower, it provided Russians with technical education for the first time and much of its curriculum was devoted to producing sailors, engineers, cartographers and bombardiers to support Peter's expanding navy and army. It is the forerunner of the modern system of technical education of Russia. In 1712, Artillery classes and Engineering classes were moved to Saint Petersburg to found the Engineering school and Artillery school. Abram Petrovich Gannibal was the first chief of engineering school. In 1715 Navigator classes were moved to Saint Petersburg to found the Marine academy. The school closed in 1752.


text:
Portal:Cell biology

Welcome to the Wikiversity Department of Cell Biology.

The Department of Cell Biology is where Wikiversity participants can organize efforts that attempt to facilitate explorations of cells as fundamental components of organisms. The Department needs to develop more Cell Biology-related activities that Wikiversity participants can use as learning resources. These activities can include efforts that aim to improve Wikipedia articles and contribute to Wikibooks modules. Since Wikiversity allows and encourages scholarly research, Wikiversity can function in some ways like a university that helps find educational content and sources for sister projects like Wikipedia. Wikiversity itself can host types of content that are not allowed at Wikipedia and Wikibooks.

Learning materials and learning projects
Wikiversity has adopted the "learning by doing" model for education. Lessons should center on learning activities for Wikiversity participants. Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple departments. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.
 * Overview of Cell Biology
 * Stem Cells - What are stem cells? Why is stem cell research regulated by some governments?
 * Cell Biology - Exploring cell biology. Independent study with projects.
 * Bacteria on your skin
 * Molecular evolution/Intermediate filament proteins - exploring the origins of an important type of cytoskeletal protein
 * Human skin pigmentation - explore melanin, melanosomes, melanocytes, MSH and the control of skin pigmentation.

Learning materials and learning projects are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a link to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the main namespace) and start writing!

Wikipedia

 * Cell biology
 * List of distinct cell types in the adult human body

Wikibooks
Works in progress - these texts are currently at Wikibooks:
 * Cell biology

Department news

 * 20 August 2006 - Cell Biology Development Project founded!
 * 8 July 2014 - Melanocytes resource started!

Active participants
The histories of Wikiversity pages indicate who the active participants are. If you are an active participant in this department, you can list your name here (this can help small departments grow and the participants communicate better; for large departments a list of active participants is not needed).

 * -Atcovi (Talk - Contribs) 03:40, 29 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Since 19 June 2014 with Biology --Marshallsumter (discuss • contribs) 17:05, 30 April 2018 (UTC).

Inactive participants

 * User:JWSchmidt - see: Cell Biology
 * AFriedman
 * Fapril

title: Portal:Cell biology


text:
GCSE Science/Uses of static electricity

GCSE Science/Electricity

There are several practical uses of static electricity in our daily life. We will look at three of them on this page. There are many, many more, but these are the easiest to understand. Let’s take a look at them.

Number One: The Photocopier
One example of the practical use of static electricity is a photocopier. A photocopier is a complicated piece of equipment, but the basic principle of how it works is fairly simple. The best way to understand what is going on is to consider it as a stage by stage process. Relates to xerography

Stage one
Positive charge is applied onto a plate from a high voltage power supply which is called charging by friction. The plate is connected to the earth but the charge does not have quite enough energy to flow away from it. (The plate is not a good conductor of electricity.)

Stage two
Paper is placed over the plate and a light shines onto the paper. Where the paper is white the light is reflected onto the plate. Where the paper is dark a shadow falls onto the plate. The light falling on the plate gives it just the extra energy needed to allow the charge to escape to earth. The plate becomes neutral where the paper is white but keeps its charge where the paper is black. The plate is now a copy of the paper with charges taking the place of ink. You could call this a template.

Stage three
Toner particles are sprayed through a negatively charged nozzle onto the plate. As the toner passes through the nozzle it picks up the charge so that each particle of toner becomes negatively charged. The now charged toner is attracted to the areas of positive charge because opposite charges attract. More light then allows the positive charge to escape (However the negative charge on the toner remains.)

Stage four
A sheet of paper is given a very strong positive charge, and then placed in contact with the plate. The paper attracts the toner. The paper is then removed from the plate and passed through a heating unit. The heat melts the toner and bonds it to the paper.

In a real photocopier, there is no plate, just a large drum. As the drum rotates its surface goes through stages one through four. At the end of the sequence a scraper removes any toner left on the drum and the whole process is repeated with a new image. A good photocopier is capable of producing 20 duplicate pages per minute (20ppm), which is approximately one page every three seconds.

Questions on Photocopiers
Q1) If the black areas of the image leave a positive charge in the plate what charge do the white areas of the image leave? (Be very careful, the answer may not be what you think!)

Q2) How does the light shining onto the charged plate allow it to lose its charge?

Q3) Why is the toner given a negative charge?

Q4) Why does the paper attract the toner?

Number Two: Spray painting car parts
When paint is sprayed from a paint gun, the painter normally needs to use a fair amount of skill to ensure the paint goes on evenly. By connecting the spray nozzle to a negative electrode, it is possible to charge each droplet of paint. If the car part is then given the opposite charge, the paint droplets will be attracted to the car body part. This has several advantages:
 * Less mess - The paint goes to the charged body part and not to the electrically neutral floor.
 * Less wastage - All the paint ends up on the body part, very little is wasted.
 * Less skill needed - Because the charge is over the entire car part, the paint will stick to it.
 * Neater job - The paint is distributed evenly across the surface

Questions
Q1) If the paint droplets are given a positive charge, what charge should the car part be given?

A1) A negative charge as the positive will always be looking for a negative to balance it out.

Q2) Why does less paint fall on the floor? Give reasons for your answer

A2) This is because the oppositely charged particles are naturally attracted to each other and depending on the strength of the charge the range of attraction will increase/decrease respectively.

Q3) In the application of painting cars, wouldn't negatively charging the spray source and positively charging the object being sprayed also attract dust, dirt, and trash too?

Number Three: Pollution Control
Static electricity is used in pollution control by applying a static charge to dirt particles in the air and then collecting those charged particles on a plate or collector of the opposite electrical charge. Such devices are often called electrostatic precipitators. Out of the three this is the one people will know it most for.

Factories use static electricity to reduce pollution coming from their smoke stacks. They give the smoke an electric charge. When it passes by electrodes of the opposite charge, most of the smoke particles cling to the electrodes. This keeps the pollution from going out into the atmosphere.

Answers | <>

title: GCSE Science/Uses of static electricity


text:
User:ChrisAnderson

Chris Anderson created the Wiki Science wikibook so that together we might discuss some of the forces at work in the development of wikis, and in particular seeing what makes a healthy wiki.

My major (wiki) interest at the moment is the Embodiment Wiki, so I hope that you will go there and check it out.

You can also see my website: Ironfire - although this is only the work of one human being (how old fashioned), so it is obviously not as interesting.

Major Interests:
 * [Wiki]
 * [Artificial Intelligence] including [Go AI] aka [Computer Go]
 * [Go]

Projects:
 * Embodiment Wiki
 * Vegan Wiki

Hi Chris!

I work on Wiki a lot, and am interested in talking with you.

I share the vision of wiki for practically *everything,* with highly organized systems connecting them.

I'm working aggressively towards manifesting this vision. You seem similarly motivated, and I'd like to connect with you.

You can see my friends and I working on:

 * http://communitywiki.org/
 * http://wiki.taoriver.net/

You might be particularly interested in plog. http://plogdev.wiki.taoriver.net/ (...though there are many other projects we do, as well.)

-- LionKimbro http://speakeasy.org/~lion/

I am also a big fan of Wikis. I'm trying to get a couple started at work, which is requiring me to learn about how they are hosted. It seems a shame not to share what I learn, but I'm actually having trouble figuring out where at wikibooks or wikipedia it would best reside. Do you have any ideas?

Thanks, Rs2 17:39, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Clearly, the answer is... on the Wiki Science wiki!

title: User:ChrisAnderson


text:
2015 SCG Muangthong United F.C. season

The 2015 season is SCG Muangthong United's seventh season in the Thai Premier League of SCG Muangthong United Football Club. SCG Muangthong United has participated in the Thai Premier League since 2009.

Thai FA Cup
Chang FA Cup

Thai League Cup
Toyota League Cup

Transfers
First Thai footballer's market is opening on 6 November 2014 to 28 January 2015

Second Thai footballer's market is opening on 3 June 2015 to 30 June 2015

title: 2015 SCG Muangthong United F.C. season


text:
Lachlan Ash

Lachlan Ash (born 21 June 2001) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the Greater Western Sydney Giants in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was recruited by the Greater Western Sydney Giants with the 4th draft pick in the 2019 AFL draft.

Early football
Ash was born in Katandra, he participated in the Auskick program there and played junior football in Katandra Football Club and senior football at the Shepparton Football Club. Ash represented Vic Country at the AFL Under 18 Championships for the 2018 and 2019 seasons. He also played for the Murray Bushrangers for two seasons in the NAB League.

AFL career
Ash debuted in the Giants' twenty-four point loss against the Western Bulldogs in the third round of the 2020 AFL season. Ash collected seven disposals and three marks. Ash took home the club's rising star award at the conclusion of the season, and had a career-best game in his team's 39 point loss to rivals in the 6th round of the 2021 AFL season, where he collected 35 disposals and 15 marks to be one of the ' best on ground that game.

Statistics

 * Statistics are correct to the end of 2023

 * - style="background:#EAEAEA"
 * scope="row" text-align:center | 2020
 * 7 || 12 || 1 || 0 || 79 || 57 || 136 || 31 || 22 || 0.1 || 0 || 6.6 || 4.8 || 11.3 || 3.6 || 2.9
 * scope="row" text-align:center | 2021
 * 7 || 23 || 1 || 1 || 265 || 127 || 392 || 111 || 63 || 0.04 || 0.04 || 11.5 || 5.5 || 17.0 || 4.8 || 2.7
 * - style="background:#EAEAEA"
 * scope="row" text-align:center | 2022
 * 7 || 21 || 2 || 7 || 206 || 132 || 338 || 97 || 54 || 0.1 || 0.3 || 9.8 || 6.3 || 16.1 || 4.6 || 2.6
 * scope="row" text-align:center | 2023
 * 7 || 26 || 2 || 1 || 403 || 220 || 623 || 140 || 40 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 15.5 || 8.5 || 24.0 || 5.4 || 1.5
 * - style="background:#EAEAEA; font-weight:bold; width:2em"
 * scope="row" text-align:center class="sortbottom" colspan=3 | Career
 * 86
 * 6
 * 9
 * 953
 * 536
 * 1489
 * 379
 * 179
 * 0.0
 * 0.1
 * 11.1
 * 6.2
 * 17.3
 * 4.4
 * 2.1
 * }
 * 11.1
 * 6.2
 * 17.3
 * 4.4
 * 2.1
 * }

title: Lachlan Ash


text:
Hapalla

Hapalla (Hittite: 𒄩𒁄𒆷 Hapalla or Haballa), also written as Haballa, was a kingdom in central-western Anatolia during the Late Bronze Age. As one of the Arzawa states, it was a sometime vassal and sometime enemy of the Hittite Empire.

History
The first mention of Hapalla is when Arnuwanda I asks for help against a local uprising there. He bestows this duty to his vassal Madduwatta, who betrays him by taking Hapalla for himself. After threats from Arnuwanda, Madduwatta yields and hands it back to the Hittites.

Later, when the Hittites are retaking their lands under Suppiluliuma I, he sends his army into Hapalla, whose capital is burnt down and inhabitants deported. In 1340 BC, an independent Seha River Land, Mira, and Hapalla are carved out of Arzawa, who only retain their capital, Apasa, and the surrounding land.

The first sovereign known to us from Hapalla was Targasnalli who, after the failure of the uprising of Uhha-Ziti against Hittite monarch Muršili II (1319 BC), agreed to submit again to the authority of Hattuša and therefore was "...re-installed on the throne of Hapalla by the Hittite ruler". From the subsequent treaty of Kupanta-Kurunta, we learn that Targasnalli was still on the throne of Hapalla around 1310 BC.

The second ruler of Hapalla, a certain Ura-Hattusa, who appears in Alaksandu's treaty of 1280 BC, where the Hittite ruler Muwatalli II, son of Mursili, lists the four sovereigns of the surviving Arzawa kingdoms (What remained of Arzawa had been annexed by Mira) mentioning Ura-Hattusa as king of Hapalla. It is uncertain whether the two rulers came from the same family.

After this treaty, there are no more references to the kingdom of Hapalla.

It is now believed by scholars that towards the end of the Hittite empire (c. 1230 BC), King Tudhaliya IV established the State of Mira as the regional supervisor of Western Anatolia, with Hapalla most likely under its supervision.

Geography
All we know about Hapalla comes from Hittite royal archives. It bordered to the west by Mira, to the east by the Lower Land, and to the south by the land of Tarhuntassa, thus Hapalla may correspond to the classical region of Pisidia. Because of its position so close to the heart of the empire, it was often paid more attention by the Hittites, which considered it a bit like a buffer between the motherland and its Arzawa vassals.

title: Hapalla


text:
John Butcher

John Butcher may refer to:

 * John Butcher (musician) (born 1954), British saxophonist
 * John Butcher (Australian footballer) (born 1991), Australian rules footballer with the Port Adelaide Football Club
 * John Butcher, 1st Baron Danesfort (1853–1935), British lawyer
 * John C. Butcher (born 1933), New Zealand mathematician
 * John Butcher (British politician) (1946–2006), Conservative MP for Coventry South-West 1979–1997
 * John Butcher (baseball) (born 1957), former Major League Baseball player
 * John Butcher (English footballer) (born 1956), English association football goalkeeper who played for Blackburn

title: John Butcher


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Worli riots

The result was delete. The tension here is between the reliably reported fact that this event happened, and the fact that civil disturbances characterized as riots are common enough that this one can be considered an unremarkable example. There is a clear consensus for deletion among experienced editors. The arguments of IPs are heard, but given reduced weight because it is impossible to know the degree to which an IP editor is experienced with Wikipedia standards for inclusion. I would be glad to refund this to the user space of any editor (non IP) who would like to work on merging the content into a reasonable merge target. bd2412 T 03:36, 14 October 2017 (UTC)

Worli riots

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

A POV article, made by a promotional disruptive sock, and defended by a sock of same sockfarm. Article lacks notability and the "riots" have no notability. Only passing mentions that can be covered in Worli. Such incidents are common and they don't deserve their own article. Capitals00 (talk) 07:14, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. Mark the trainDiscuss 09:33, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Delete "a grinding stone was thrown"... um ok. Perhaps if someone could find who it was that got killed, it could be merged. otherwise I concur with the nom. Α Guy into Books ™  § ( Message ) -  14:57, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Events-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 17:07, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of History-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 17:07, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Merge to Worli or Delete I would support a merge wholly, except, as AGuyIntoBooks points out, the information in this article as it stands is unfortunately too vague. I would therefore be in agreement with either merging or deletion. MartinJones (talk) 18:27, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Comment Keep The riots continued until April, were the subject of court inquiry, notable at the time in press reports and much discussed in books dealing with Dalit politics, among other topics. I added a couple references to the article. I can't comment as to sockpuppet issues, otherwise this would be a keep !vote, outright. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:41, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Many such riots take place and "were the subject of court inquiry", but since there has been lack of discussion and lack of any important details or notability, they don't deserve an article. Capitals00 (talk) 18:39, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * See, e.g., which contains a five page section entitled "The 1974 Riots" for an example of such discussion demonstrating notability: "Riots in the Worli area of central Bombay, which began in the Bombay Development Department (BDD) chawls (tenements) on January 5, 1974 are an important landmark in Dalit politics." <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:29, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Already read and don't see anything more than what had been already provided by the promotional sock to prove notability. WP:EVENTCRITERIA says "not every incident that gains media coverage will have or should have a Wikipedia article. A rule of thumb for creating a Wikipedia article is whether the event is of lasting, historical significance, and the scope of reporting (national or global reporting is preferred)." This one fails the criteria. Capitals00 (talk) 05:52, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Being written about in length as "an important landmark" in a book published by a respected university press thirty-three years after the events took place is almost literally the textbook definition of "lasting, historical significance". <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:15, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Changed to keep. Another good ref: . <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:34, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
 * Delete very minimal amount of information and lack of research or dedicated studies confirms these are random. May get a one liner on Worli whenever that article is expanded, but nothing more than that. D4iNa4 (talk) 19:47, 22 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Weak keep -- The fact that the riots were serious enough to require a judicial enquiry and then have been the subject of an academic article suggests notability, but I do not really know. India has a long history of inter-communal violence.  Peterkingiron (talk) 09:51, 24 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete Fails WP:NRIOT and WP:NDISTURBANCE. :) L3X1  (distænt write)  01:54, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep the sources added by the IP indicate that the subject has lasting significance, as it is still being covered in depth years later. I'm not seeing any argument as to why these sources do not demonstrate notability.  Hut 8.5  20:45, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks,  J 947(c) (m) 03:29, 28 September 2017 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks,  J 947(c) (m) 20:23, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep as it has been demonstrated above that this has been covered in very reliable secondary sources. We seem, at Wikipedia, to get tied up in knots about things like "lasting coverage" because we follow the completely idiosyncratic definition of secondary sources to include news reports, which everyone outside Wikipedia treats rightly as primary sources. If we were stop doing this then we could treat events the same way as any other topics, i.e. that they should be covered in genuine secondary sources, as this one is. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:36, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete Fails WP:LASTING  ,"a grinding stone was thrown"  is not a significant incident in India and as per WP:NOTNEWS.Pharaoh of the Wizards (talk) 13:19, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Nobody is claiming that it is the throwing of a grinding stone that is notable, but the riots that followed. How are the sources provided above by <IP_ADDRESS> not evidence of lasting coverage in non-news reliable sources? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:12, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * And I would question your addition of the notavote template, which prejudices the discussion. Do you have any evidence of canvassing? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:42, 6 October 2017 (UTC)

*Delete. I agree the editors who voted to delete for the reasons they gave. I especially agree with the last two recommendations to delete which point out the great multitude of violent incidents and that the article fails WP:EVENT and WP:LASTING.Knox490 (talk) 06:20, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete comes as one of the thousands of incidents· that take place everywhere. Fails WP:LASTING. Lorstaking (talk) 05:26, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
 * It was getting extensive coverage in academic sources decades later, how is that not lasting coverage?  Hut 8.5  09:16, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete This kind of political violence happens everyday, in every district of world's second most populated country, with hundreds of small, big, medium political parties. Fails WP:EVENT and WP:LASTING. Marvellous Spider-Man  13:36, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
 * I note that none of the editors calling for deletion has addressed the existence of secondary non-news reliable sources from decades after these events. Can we please talk to each other by replying to the points made by other editors rather than give opinions that take no account of the previous discussion? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:36, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep These riots resulted in six deaths and the police opened fire on the rioters many times. The fact that these riots were described in a book published 35 years later as "an important landmark in Dalit politics" shows notability. Cullen328  Let's discuss it  23:16, 13 October 2017 (UTC)


text:
plodnost

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) fertility

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  fertility, fruitfulness

title: plodnost