text:
Japanese/Grammar

Word order
Japanese is a SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) language. English is typically SVO (Subject-Verb-Object). In Japanese, the verb always appears at the end of clauses and sentences. Japanese parts of speech are usually marked with words called "particles" that follow the word they modify. These particles identify the word's or phrase's function in the sentence—for example, topic, subject, direct/indirect object, location of action, etc.

Japanese is flexible in terms of word-order due to use of particles. Sentences, however, generally have the following structure:
 * Sentence Topic, Time, Location, Subject, Indirect Object, Direct Object, Verb.

Context sensitivity
Japanese is highly context-sensitive. Words or phrases obvious to both the speaker and listener are often omitted. It could be considered a "minimalist" language. For example, the statement: "I'm going to watch a movie." could be translated as 「映画を見る. 」 (eiga o miru.); literally, "Movie watch." [I] is implied, as it is the speaker who is making the statement. Depending on the context, however, this phrase could also be translated as "s/he is going to watch a movie", "we will watch a movie", etc.

Japanese has many levels of formality and depends not only on what is said, but also on who is saying it and to whom. The language is socially striated to the point that different forms of speech exist for men and women.

Parts of speech
Japanese parts of speech, although no more complicated than those of other languages, do not fit well into typical labels such as verb, noun, and adjective. Keep that in mind over the course of your studies.

Nouns
Nouns in Japanese are fairly immutable. They do not take definite or indefinite articles, gender, and do not change for number.

Although there is no true plural in Japanese, a small number of nouns may take one of several collective suffixes.
 * Tanaka-san (Mr. Tanaka), Tanaka-san-tachi (Mr. Tanaka and his group)

Certain nouns may take a prefix in polite speech. Most often, native Japanese words (和語) are preceded by "o-" ("お"), and Sino-Japanese words (漢語) are preceded with "go-" ("ご"). Both are readings of the kanji "御". Though primarily used for adding politeness or distance, some words more commonly appear with the prefix than others, and in some cases, never appear without it (e.g., お茶 [ocha], "green tea").

Many nouns may be converted into verbs simply by affixing 「する」 (suru) to the end.
 * "benkyō" is a noun meaning "study/studies" while "benkyō-suru"  is the verb "to study".

Nouns may also function as adjectives when the particle の (no) or な ("na") is appended.
 * "ki" (木) means "wood" with "ki no tatemono" (の) meaning "wooden building".

Pronouns
Unlike many other languages, Japanese has no true pronouns; since words that are clear from context are usually elided, there is less need for them. In general, natural-sounding Japanese tends to avoid the use of nouns that refer to people except when explicitly needed. This is often a point of confusion for beginners. Pronominals are not grammatically distinct from ordinary nominals: notably, they may take adjectives, which pronouns cannot.
 * "watashi", "boku", "ore", "watakushi" all mean "I"; and "anata", "kimi" mean "you"

Na-adjectives
A Na-adjective is a nominal that often precedes a copula (such as 'na'). Due to the common occurrence of na-adjectives, many Japanese dictionaries write nominals with the 'na' included. Na-adjectives are generally adjectival in meaning, as most cannot exist in context without a previously denoted subject; however, one might simply say "げんき　な (genki na)" to describe a subject that is understood within the current conversation's context (this situation is limited to casual or somewhat informal conversation; using full sentences is almost always necessary when speaking to anyone of higher status). Examples of na-adjectives: "heta na:" unskilled, bad at; "genki na:" healthy, energetic; "orijinaru na:" original

Verbs
Verbs are where most of the action in Japanese sentences takes place. They are the primary means for controlling levels of politeness in speech,…

Japanese verbs inflect directly for tense, negation, mood, aspect, politeness, and honorific speech.

Unlike English, conjugation of Japanese verbs is extremely regular, with few exceptions. The system takes some getting used to, but once the kana have been learned, a uniform pattern emerges. Verbs are placed into one of three groups: 五段 (godan, aka Type I), 一段 (ichidan, aka Type II), and 不規則 (fukisoku, irregular).

Only two verbs are generally considered irregular in the modern language, 来る (kuru, to come) and する (suru, to do). Despite being such, even they are somewhat regular in their irregularity.

I-adjectives
These inflect for tense, politeness, and honorific speech as well (although not aspect or mood, as they are all stative verbs); an -i adjective will always end in -ai, -ī, -ui, or -oi. (Note that there are also stative -u verbs.)
 * "utsukushī": beautiful; "ī": good; "sugoi": amazing; "ureshī": happy

The copula
Although the copula is not strictly a verb, most of its forms derive from "de aru", but inflects somewhat irregularly. It retains an "attributive form", na, used to modify the noun it stands before: however, this form is almost exclusively used after na-adjectives.

Other
Particles: Also called postpositions or joshi, particles show the case of nouns in Japanese: that is, they mark nouns as being the subject, object, indirect object, etc. (English typically uses word order or prepositions for the same effect.) Particles follow the noun they modify.
 * wa (は): topic
 * ga (が): subject
 * o (を): direct object
 * no (の): possession, apposition
 * ni (に): indirect object, direction "to", location of existence, etc.
 * kara (から): direction "from"
 * made (まで): "until", "as far as"
 * de (で): means, location of an action

Some particles are used after sentences instead:
 * ka (か): question marker
 * yo (よ): marker for giving new information or showing emphasis or certainty
 * ne (ね): marker for seeking agreement
 * tte (って): informal quotation marker

Adverbs: Adverbs typically modify the entire sentence, although most Japanese quantifiers (including numbers) are actually adverbs, rather than adjectives as in English.
 * aikawarazu as always;
 * sukoshi (少し) a little, few
 * mō sugu soon, before long;
 * sō thus, so

Conjunctions: Japanese conjunctions typically either apply to nominals (like English "except") or to predicates (like English "when"), not both (like English "and").
 * mata wa or (n.);
 * soshite (そして) and then, and also (pr.);
 * ga but (pr.)

Interjections: Common to every language.
 * wā! "wow!"
 * are? "huh?", "wha?"
 * ē to "um, er"
 * anō "um"

Sentence examples
[You're] late.
 * [It] is pretty.

 * This is a book.

 * Mt. Fuji is beautiful.

 * It's not very cold today. / Today isn't very cold.

 * [I] gazed out at the ocean.

 * [Her] mother went to the store.

 * Summer has come.

/Grammar

title: Japanese/Grammar


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/learning.alleyns.org.uk

Links

 * https resolves to [//X X]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

 * learning.alleyns.org.uk resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 3 additions.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
User:Guglicello

how does ernst roehm figure in nite of the long knives.was he put down because he was gay or because he was a socialist

title: User:Guglicello


text:
Ingrid

Etymology
From, and , from.

Usage notes

 * Occasionally borne by Anglophones since the 19th century.
 * Popular name in the royal houses of Scandinavia, also the name of a Swedish 13th century saint.

Translations

 * Czech:
 * Danish: Ingrid
 * Estonian: Ingrid
 * Faroese: Ingirið, Ingrið
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Latvian: Ingrīda
 * Norwegian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: И́нгрид
 * Slovak: Ingrid
 * Swedish:

Etymology
From, from , and  , from.

Etymology
, from.

Etymology
From.

Etymology
Borrowed from modern Scandinavian.

Etymology
Ultimately from.

Etymology
From, and , from.

Usage notes

 * Popular in France in the latter half of the 20th century.

Etymology
From, and , from.

Usage notes

 * Popular in Germany from the 1930s to the 1950s.

Etymology
.

Etymology
From, a variant of , from.

Etymology
From. Name of Swedish royalty and saints, in continuous use since early Middle Ages.

title: Ingrid


text:
gepeperd

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) peppered, seasoned with pepper(s)
 * 2)  spicy, strongly flavored
 * 3)  extreme, strong, et cetera

title: gepeperd


text:
Talk:Dietrich Thurau

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Dietrich Thurau. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051113035946/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net:80/palmares/thurau_dietrich.php to http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/palmares/thurau_dietrich.php

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:42, 12 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dietrich Thurau


text:
Talk:Continental Congress 2.0

Mini-documentary - Info posted by an editor with a WP:COI
I've got a conlict of interest. I attended the event as a delegate and contributed money to funding a mini-documentary about it. The mini-doc is here, on youtube. A non-conflicted editor may find useful information there. There's a bit more information about it here. David in DC (talk) 16:59, 19 August 2013 (UTC)

Edit suggestion from a COI editor
A) The event was held from July 2-4. The sources confirm this.  However, at one point in the article, it says June 2-4. It's just a typo, I'm guessing, but someone other than me ought to fix it. B) Some verb tenses may need changing in the article. David in DC (talk) 17:04, 19 August 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Continental Congress 2.0


text:
Talk:Danbury High School (Connecticut)

added infobox. Deputydog23 21:52, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

The Doors, 1967, yes?

established
how should the year of establishment be handled? the year the current facility opened or the original DHS establishment on white street (if that was even the first)?
 * List them both and be specific as to which is which Adam McCormick 03:24, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

Still needs References
This page has no references to anything. "The girls basketball team is also a powerhouse in this school." First of all, that sounds very unprofessional. Second, as an alumini, I don't even belive this right of the bat. Need references, FCIAC I'm assuming. Since this article has been tagged for needing references, another unreference claim has been made. I'm sure DHS is ranked highly, so the people that post this need to post their source online. I know the Lacross team has a website, something like that. I don't know where to find it, the people that post it obviously found out somehow. NyyDave 14:39, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Danbury High School (Connecticut)


text:
абразивен

Etymology
, which is the formation of the "pertaining to abrasive" sense.

Adjective

 * 1) abrasive
 * 2)  (of or pertaining to) abrasive

title: абразивен


text:
François Boivin

François Boivin (born 8 December 1982) is a Canadian snowboarder who competed in snowboard cross. He has represented Canada at two Winter Olympic games, won a silver medal at a World Championships, and won three bronze medals in World Cup competitions.

Boivin was born in Jonquière, Quebec. He started snowboarding at the age of eight. He has represented Canada at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin where he placed tenth, and at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver where he placed twelfth. On the World Cup circuit, Boivin won bronze in 2004 at Berchtesgaden, 2005 at Sierra Nevada, and 2009 in La Molina. At the 2005 World Championships, Boivin won a silver medal.

Boivin retired in 2012.

title: François Boivin


text:
French/Grammar/Tenses/Present subjunctive

The subjunctive in French is used to express doubt, desire, surprise, judgment, necessity, possibility, opinions, and emotions. It usually follows the word "que." The conjugations for the subjunctive mood for regular verbs are as follows:

Take the ils form of the verb, at the present time tense drop the -ent and add the following:

je - e

tu - es

il - e

nous - use the "imparfait" time tense

vous - use the "imparfait" time tense

ils - ent

Some irregular verb conjugations:

Irregular 1-stem conjugations: 2-stem Conjugations:

Francés/Gramática/El verbo/Tiempos/Le présent du subjonctif


text:
Nabataeans of Iraq

The Nabataeans of Iraq or Nabatees of Iraq (نبط العراق) is a name used by medieval Islamicate scholars for the rural, Aramaic-speaking, native inhabitants of central and southern Iraq (the ) during the early Islamic period (7th–10th centuries CE). They are not to be confused with the ancient Nabataeans, a northern Arab people who established a kingdom at Petra during the late Hellenistic period (c. 150 BCE – 106 CE), and whom the Muslim Arabs seem to have called 'Nabataeans of the Levant' (نبط الشام, ).

The Nabataeans of Iraq were strongly associated by their Muslim overlords with agriculture and with a sedentary way of living, as opposed to the nomadic lifestyle of the conquering Arabs. The Arabic term (also, plural ) was often used as a derogatory term, identifying anyone who did not speak Arabic and who maintained a rural lifestyle as lacking education and culture, or as being akin to farm animals. Thus conceived of as a kind of 'other' to the noble way of life maintained by the nomadic Arabs, the term also came to be used for the non-Arab rural inhabitants of other places, such as for example for 'Nabataean' Kurds or 'Nabataean' Armenians.

The term 'Nabataeans of Iraq' appears to have been an exonym applied by the Arabs, not used by the Iraqi population to refer to itself. However, it was not always derogatory in meaning. As a general term for pre-Islamic Mesopotamian people, it was also used in a more positive way by learned authors such as the historian al-Mas'udi (died 956), who identified the ancient Babylonian kings as 'Nabataeans', stating that "these are the Nabataeans and others [...] It is they who erected the buildings, founded the cities, established the administrative divisions, dug the canals, planted the trees, sank the wells, worked the land." Al-Mas'udi's knowledge of the history of Mesopotamia, being ultimately based on Greek sources, was quite impressive for his time. However, the fact that the Iraqi 'Nabataeans' whom he used as direct informants were speakers of Aramaic, a language best known in his time through its Syriac variant, led him to use the terms 'Nabataean' and 'Syrian' interchangeably, applying them both to the various Aramaic-speaking Hellenistic kingdoms established in the Near East after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE. Another name which al-Mas'udi sometimes used synonymously with both 'Nabataean' and 'Syrian' is 'Chaldaean', a similarly ambiguous term originally referring to the inhabitants of a small kingdom in southeastern Mesopotamia (Chaldea) but which came to designate Mesopotamia as a whole in the writings of Greek authors such as Aristotle (384–322 BCE), as well as in the Bible (both usages of which al-Mas'udi was aware). Since al-Mas'udi also believed the Parthians (whom he called, perhaps after the several Parthian kings who carried this name) to have been 'Chaldeans', in his historical imagination the Syriac/Aramaic-speaking 'Nabataeans' or 'Chaldaeans' had ruled over Mesopotamia from the legendary times of Nimrod until the advent of the Sassanids in the 3rd century CE.

The Iraqi Nabataeans themselves, who were mainly peasants, seem to have had little knowledge about their own past. In this regard their case was similar to the Persians and other people with a long history before the advent of Islam, but it was exacerbated by the fact that most Iraqi Nabataeans had long since converted to Christianity, which tended to focus their interest on Christian salvation history rather than on their own pagan heritage. However, among those who had remained pagan there was a greater motivation to vaunt their glorious past as long-time rulers of the land.

It is also from the pagan peasantry that Ibn Wahshiyya (died c. 930 CE) got most of his local information when compiling his Nabataean Agriculture, an influential work containing a mix of folkloric and learned knowledge on agriculture, plants, magic, astrology, and various subjects related to religion and myth. Ibn Wahshiyya claimed to have translated this work from a c. 20,000 old original written in "ancient Syriac", believing it to contain the first seeds of all human knowledge. Syriac, a language that originated in the 1st century CE, was commonly believed in Ibn Wahshiyya's time to have been the language spoken in Paradise and used at the time of creation. Thus, the whole of Mesopotamian history was imagined to have been a product of Aramaic (i.e., 'Syrian' or 'Nabataean') culture. In reality, the Nabataean Agriculture was likely translated from a Syriac work that was first composed on the basis of Greek and Latin agricultural writings and then gradually augmented with local material during the last few centuries before Ibn Wahshiyya's time. Together with al-Mas'udi's historical works, and like the latter written in the context of the Shu'ubiyya movement which sought to preserve and promote the heritage of non-Arab peoples, the Nabataean Agriculture is the product of a conscious attempt to write down what was known at the time about pre-Islamic Mesopotamian, 'Nabataean' culture, a subject for which it remains a valuable source today.

title: Nabataeans of Iraq


text:
South African Law/Contract

Origin:
The South African law of contract is derived from the Roman law of obligations, in terms of which a legal tie was created between legal subjects, giving rise to rights and duties accepted by law. These rights were only effective between the particular legal subjects concerned and were therefore known as personal rights, as opposed to real rights, which generally could be enforced universally.

Roman law described specific categories of transactions, to which the law of obligations was limited, while SA law defines obligations generally, assigning categories only to transactions that occur often. There are so many branches of law in south africa, they can be found on the internet and you can be able to find exactly where contract of law falls under in south africa.

Definition of an obligation:
A legal obligation is a legal tie between legal subjects, recognised by law, which is created as a result of a certain legal fact and which creates rights and duties that are recognised by law.

A legal obligation consists of two elements, namely the right of the creditor to claim performance and the duty of the debtor to perform accordingly. The creditor’s right is known as a personal right, which corresponds to the legal object of performance (i.e. a specific action or inaction, delivery of a specific thing or payment of a specific amount of money).

Civil obligation:
The rights and duties are recognised and enforced by law (e.g. contract).

Natural obligation:
The rights and duties are recognised but not enforced by law (e.g. wager).

Sources of obligations:
Legal obligations arise out of legal facts, which can be categorised as follows:

Events without human intervention:
Forces of nature, animal behaviour, lapse of time, etc.

Non-juristic acts:
Acts to which the law gives effect irrespective of the intentions of the parties (e.g. delicts).

Juristic acts:
Acts to which the law gives effect according to the intentions of the party or parties.

Unilateral juristic acts:
Acts conducted individually by single parties (e.g. wills).

Multilateral juristic acts:
Acts conducted collectively by two or more co-operating parties (e.g. contracts).

The most important sources of obligations are acts of contract, delict and unjust enrichment. Hence, a contract is not a legal obligation in itself but rather a legal fact that gives rise to a legal obligation.

The law of contract:
The law of contract is the body of legal rules governing the conclusion and consequences of contracts.

It defines the basis and requirements of contractual liability, as well as the rights and duties of the parties. Moreover, it regulates the breach of contract and provides remedies for such breach. Finally, it governs the termination of contractual obligations.

These rules, along with the law of delict and law of enrichment, fall under the law of obligations, which is a category of the law of patrimony, forming part of private law, which is fundamentally concerned with defining, protecting and balancing legitimate individual interests. However, the classification of the law of contract into private law is necessarily qualified by the increasing degree to which private law and public law have come to overlap.

As indicated above, the South African law of contract finds its origin in Roman-Dutch law but it has also been influenced to some extent by English law (e.g. in respect of the rules of quasi-consensus). ok now that law of contract is the body of legal rules governing the conclusion and consequences of contracts.

Definition:
A contract is an agreement, based on consensus between legal subjects with contractual capacity, which is legal, physically possible and complies with the prescribed formalities and which is reached with the intention of creating a legal obligation with resultant rights and duties.

Requirements:

 * 1) Consensus: The parties must reach conscious agreement, with a genuine concurrent intention.
 * 2) Contractual capacity: The parties must be legally capable of concluding a binding contract.
 * 3) Legality: The contract must be legal and may not contradict any statutory or common law rule.
 * 4) Physical possibility: The performance must be determinable and possible at time of conclusion.
 * 5) Formalities: The contract must abide by any formalities set by law or by the parties themselves.

Defective contracts:

 * 1) Void contract: One of the requirements for a valid contract is absent - no contract is concluded.
 * 2) Voidable contract: A contract is indeed concluded but it can be set aside on account of a defect that existed at the time of conclusion (e.g. consensus improperly obtained).
 * 3) Unenforceable contract: A contract is indeed concluded but it creates only a natural obligation, which is recognized but not enforced by law (e.g. a wager).

Concepts:

 * 1) Parties: Two or more legal subjects acting as debtor(s) and creditor(s) (possibly simultaneously).
 * 2) Unilateral contract: Only one party acts as debtor and the other as creditor (e.g. donation).
 * 3) Reciprocal contract: Each party acts as both debtor and creditor (e.g. contract of sale).
 * 4) Essentialia: Essential minimum characteristics that qualify a contract as a nominate contract.
 * 5) Naturalia: Terms that, by operation of law, form part of a contract, but may be excluded.
 * 6) Incidentalia: All other contractual terms included by the parties expressly or tacitly.
 * 7) Nominate contract: A type of contract that occurs so frequently that it has acquired a name and individual characteristics (e.g. purchase and sale).

title: South African Law/Contract


text:
льгъкъ

Alternative forms

 * Glagolitic:

Etymology
From, from a pre-Slavic *h₁ln̥gʷʰ-u-ko, ultimately from. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬 (English ).

Adjective

 * 1) light

title: льгъкъ


text:
работати

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to serve (do service for someone)
 * 2) * from the Homily against the Bogumils, 1643-1649:
 * "cu"

- мрьзькꙑ богоу мьнѧтъ работаѭщѧѩ цѣсарю, и вьсꙗкомоу рабоу не велѧтъ работати господиноу своѥмоу.

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  to work
 * 2)  to do
 * 3)  to be about
 * 4)  to act, do

title: работати


text:
Talk:Diane Franklin

Franklin's latest movie
Diane Franklin's latest movie is "Punchcard Player," a movie about a guy working six jobs at the same time.

Go to http://www.punchcardplayer.com

A Punchcard Player is someone who works more than one job at the same time. This person, in a sense, plays the time clock, punching in and out of his or her jobs several times during the day.

Her official fan site is here http://dianefranklinfan.blogspot.com/ for all the lastest info. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kriton01 (talk • contribs) 14:33, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

cleanup
, claiming to be Franklin/DeLaurentis] changed the order in the lead from "American producer, fashion model and actress", putting actress first, producer last. As it stands, the article has no information on her work as a producer or model, so I see no problem with that much.

More to the point, this article is in bad shape, mostly due to the lack of sources.

Currently, we have a movie review for her first film. While it is a reliable source, it doesn't provide any meaningful info about Franklin. Next is the NYT/AMG film list. Again, this is a reliable source, but only to confirm the films, which we do not need a source for anyway.

Next is a bit of trivia on a role she auditioned for, but did not get, citing a DVD commentary by Elizabeth Berridge. Were this a meaningful piece of info, it would certainly be found in independent reliable sources.

Finally, we have publication info on an autobiography Franklin had published, cited to show it exists.

We do not need sources for credited roles in released films, other than in the rare instances where a film is lost. Both of the first two sources have no value. The trivia is minor, relative to the subject, so that's no help. Finally, the autobiography -- based on the assumption that it is authentic -- is not an independent source. Essentially, be have an unsourced biography of a living person, a major no-no.

Franklin is undoubtedly notable, as anyone my age will tell you, from her 80s credits alone. Deletion is not an option. I will, however, clear out the lousy sources and unsourced BLP details for starters (birthdate and location and such; I've already removed the kids' info, per WP:BLPPRIVACY).

Next we'll need independent reliable sources. I'll see what I can find. - Sum mer PhD v2.0 17:00, 23 August 2018 (UTC)

 * Yikes. First pass on sources turns up the simple fact that pretty much everyone on the planet is named "Diane Franklin". I know there is material out there, it's just a matter of weeding out all of the false positives. If anyone comes up with anything, have at it. Otherwise, I'll be back in a while when I feel like digging. - Sum mer PhD v2.0 17:28, 23 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Diane Franklin


text:
Wikipedia:Copyright problems/2019 September 24

24 September 2019

 * Draft:Mahakal Group of Institutes (MIT) ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite) from http://mitujjain.ac.in/Our-Leadership. Missvain (talk) 00:00, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Also promotional and copying from elsewhere . Deleted. MER-C 10:10, 2 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Draft:Charudutta Panigrahi ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite) from http://www.charuduttapanigrahi.com/. Missvain (talk) 00:14, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting keep.svg Article cleaned by investigator or others. No remaining infringement. Money emoji💵Talk💸Help out at CCI!  02:45, 24 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Locusts (film) ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite) from, duffbeerforme (talk) 12:33, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting keep.svg Article cleaned by investigator or others. No remaining infringement. Money emoji💵Talk💸Help out at CCI!  02:45, 24 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Morris W. Turner ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
 * Dorcheat Bayou ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
 * Chuck McMains ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
 * George B. Jackson ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
 * Bryan A. Poston ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
 * Shelby M. Jackson ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
 * George Shannon (journalist) ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
 * Joseph P. Heflin ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite)
 * Presumptive deletion per Copyright violations, Billy Hathorn. MER-C 19:07, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting delete.svg Article deleted due to copyright concerns. MER-C 10:11, 2 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Darwinism ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite) from . Copyvio/close paraphrasing added here and reverted here in spite of warning. Dennis Bratland (talk) 20:18, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * This appears to be resolved. MER-C 14:03, 10 November 2019 (UTC)


text:
Sanchi, Republic of Dagestan

Sanchi (Санчи; Dargwa: Санджи) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kaytagsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 1,798 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

Geography
Sanchi is located on the left bank of the Ulluchay River. It is located 2 km northwest of Madzhalis (the district's administrative centre) by road. Madzhalis and Akhmedkent are the nearest rural localities.

Nationalities
Dargins live there.

title: Sanchi, Republic of Dagestan


text:
Talk:Dwarf Planets

This article is duplicated at Dwarf planet, which is the proper singular form title for the article. I will merge and redirect. Derek Balsam 19:20, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dwarf Planets


text:
Talk:Computer Programming/Types

some languages
There are a lot of "some languages do this" and "most languages do that" statement which I found rather dry and theoretical. I have added some exampels for "this" and "that" and at least I have the feeling that the text is now more practical and lively.

--Krischik 10:40, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)

more languages and types
There are languages for different purposes
 * higher math
 * business transactions
 * military
 * academia

They tend to have data types unheard of in other computing worlds. I added some data types from my world, and added to the lsits of languages that support what, but as a newbie, I can't figure out what I am doing wrong to cause extra line breaks within those language lists. AlMac 23:35, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

The article has become a mess
I have added some chapter heading to add structure but it is far from perfect. Please help sorting out the mess.

--Krischik T 08:44, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Computer Programming/Types


text:
Agarpura, Bhojpur

Agarpura is a village in Barhara block of Bhojpur district in Bihar, India. As of 2011, its population was 738, in 101 households.

title: Agarpura, Bhojpur


text:
Kudaria, Barhara

Kudaria, also spelled Kudariya, is a village in Barhara block of Bhojpur district in Bihar, India. As of 2011, its population was 1,012, in 160 households.

title: Kudaria, Barhara


text:
Claire Wyart

Claire Julie Liliane Wyart (born 16 February 1977) is a French neuroscientist and biophysicist, studying the circuits underlying the control of locomotion. She is a chevalier of the Ordre national du Mérite.

Early life
Wyart was born into a family of scientists. Her mother, Françoise Brochard-Wyart, is a prominent French physicist and a professor at the Curie Institute. Her father, Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, was a Nobel-prize winning physicist. As their father was mostly absent, Wyart and her siblings were raised by their mother, though Claire thought of him as "the pillar who held our family together".

Education
Wyart studied at the École normale supérieure in Paris. She then undertook a PhD in biophysics at the Université Louis-Pasteur (now University of Strasbourg), which she completed in 2003. Working in the lab of Didier Chatenay, she studied small networks of controlled architecture.

Research and career
Wyart did five years of postdoctoral research at the University of California, Berkeley between 2005 and 2010. She worked for a year in Noam Sobel's lab, investigating the effects of smelling compounds in body secretions. She then worked in Udi Isacoff, using optogenetics — the modulation of neuronal activity using light — to study the control of behaviour in zebrafish larvae.

In 2011, she started her own lab at the Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM, Brain and Spine Institute) in Paris. Wyart has received international funding for her research, from bodies such as the European Research Council, the Human Frontier Science Program and the National Institutes of Health. Her team investigates how neuromodulatory pathways of the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) affect locomotion and posture. Her lab has three main areas of research: the effect of neuromodulation and peptide release on reticulospinal neurons, and on neurons in contact with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); the links between CSF and body axis formation and scoliosis; and new strategies to treat spinal cord trauma. In an interview in 2015, she explained that her aim was to understand how to reactivate motor circuits in humans.

Her lab's particular focus is ciliated neurons which contact the CSF; such neurons integrate both mechanical and chemical signals, and project onto spinal cord motor circuits. Along with brain circuits and reflexes, these neurons represent a third circuit governing locomotion. The morphology and markers expressed by these neurons, discovered in zebrafish, are conserved in other animals including mice and macaques. Wyart's team has also demonstrated that these neurons can detect the curvature of the spinal cord.

In collaboration with her former PhD student Olivier Mirat, Wyart launched ZebraZoom, a software to analyse zebrafish larvae behaviour.

She serves on the advisory board of Current Biology, on the board of directors of the FENS-Kavli Network of Excellence, and on the scientific council of the Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM).

During the COVID-19 pandemic, she collaborated with Marie-Claude Potier to develop a screening test for the virus using sputum and saliva samples.

Science communication and outreach
While studying for her PhD, Wyart ran a science workshop for children twice a month at the Exploradome museum. After completing her PhD, she spent a year working for the Terma project in Nepal and India, teaching science in Tibetan schools by using practical experiments. This work was rewarded with a "Défi Jeunes" award. With her team at the ICM, she uses zebrafish larva to teach primary and middle school children the basics of development.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Wyart and her colleague Virginie Courtier-Orgozozo launched a website showcasing advice from experts and helpful tips for the public on how to stay safe. The website was subsequently translated into multiple languages. In an article by Michael Gross published in Current Biology, she is quoted as saying: "We deeply believe that it is the role of scientists to inform society and to provide the public with cues and methodology for them to be able to make better choices and to navigate safely in our new environment that we share with the SARS-CoV2 coronavirus. We hope to inspire our colleagues around the world to join and help in this fight against both the virus’ spread and misinformation for the public good.”

Awards and honours

 * Best Thesis Award from the Université Louis-Pasteur Scientific Council (2004)
 * “Défi Jeunes” Award for the science project Terma (2004)
 * “Fondation Blancmesnil” Award for the documentary Terma (2005)
 * Marie Curie Outgoing International Post-doctorate Fellowship (OIF) (2007–10)
 * Society for Neuroscience Award (2009)
 * Bettencourt-Schueller Foundation Award (2010)
 * Fyssen Foundation Award (2010)
 * Atip-Avenir Junior Team Award (2010)
 * Chair of Excellence, École des Neurosciences de Paris (ENP) (2010)
 * International Reintegration Grant (2011)
 * Prix Émergences de la Mairie de Paris (2011)
 * European Research Council Starting Grant (2012)
 * Irène Joliot-Curie Young Research Award (2013)
 * Human Frontier Science Program Research Grant (coordinator) (2014)
 * Chevalier de l'Ordre national du Mérite (2014)
 * Laureate, Fondation Schlumberger pour l’Education et la Recherche (2017)
 * New York Stem Cell Foundation Robertson Neuroscience Investigator (2016)
 * European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) Young Investigator Award (2016)
 * Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) Kavli Scholar (2016-2020)
 * Human Frontier Science Program Award (2018)
 * Member of the European Molecular Biology Organisation (EMBO) (2019)
 * Richard Lounsbery Award (2022)

Selected publications

 * Szobota, Stephanie, et al. « Remote control of neuronal activity with a light-gated glutamate receptor. » Neuron 54.4 (2007): 535-545.
 * Wyart, Claire, et al. « Optogenetic dissection of a behavioural module in the vertebrate spinal cord. » Nature 461.7262 (2009): 407-410.
 * Knowles, Roger B., et al. « Plaque-induced neurite abnormalities: implications for disruption of neural networks in Alzheimer’s disease. » Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96.9 (1999): 5274-5279.
 * Wyart, Claire, et al. « Smelling a single component of male sweat alters levels of cortisol in women. » The Journal of Neuroscience 27.6 (2007): 1261-1265.
 * Wyart, Claire, et al. « Constrained synaptic connectivity in functional mammalian neuronal networks grown on patterned surfaces. » Journal of Neuroscience Methods 117.2 (2002): 123-131.
 * Del Bene, Filippo, et al. « Filtering of visual information in the tectum by an identified neural circuit. » Science 330.6004 (2010): 669-673.
 * Janovjak, Harald, et al. « A light-gated, potassium-selective glutamate receptor for the optical inhibition of neuronal firing. » Nature neuroscience 13.8 (2010): 1027-1032.
 * Pautot, Sophie, Claire Wyart, and Ehud Y. Isacoff. « Colloid-guided assembly of oriented 3D neuronal networks. » Nature methods 5.8 (2008): 735-740.
 * Warp, Erica, et al. « Emergence of patterned activity in the developing zebrafish spinal cord.» Current Biology 22.2 (2012): 93-102.
 * Del Bene, Filippo, and Claire Wyart. « Optogenetics: a new enlightenment age for zebrafish neurobiology. » Developmental neurobiology 72.3 (2012): 404-414.

title: Claire Wyart


text:
Talk:New Caney Independent School District

Untitled
WhisperToMe (talk) 03:42, 21 January 2011 (UTC)
 * http://www2.newcaneyisd.org/porterhs/Index.swf - Porter HS flash
 * 2011 proposed attendance zones - http://www.yourhoustonnews.com/courier/news/article_2b28262a-0438-55ea-ba79-d5023af24f37.html?mode=image

Here is a map of all of the schools in the district: https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newcaneyisd.org%2F%2Fcms%2Flib5%2FTX01918142%2FCentricity%2FDomain%2F40%2FDistrict%20Map%20updated.pdf&embedded=true WhisperToMe (talk) 02:28, 6 September 2015 (UTC)

Archived: http://www.newcaneyisd.org//cms/lib5/TX01918142/Centricity/Domain/40/District%20Map%20updated.pdf - http://www.webcitation.org/6bRbVlFar WhisperToMe (talk) 18:06, 10 September 2015 (UTC)

Attendance maps
Current maps:
 * http://www.newcaneyisd.org//cms/lib5/TX01918142/Centricity/Domain/39/Elementary_School_Zones%202015-2016.pdf - http://www.webcitation.org/6bRcaH6Ae
 * http://www.newcaneyisd.org//cms/lib5/TX01918142/Centricity/Domain/39/Middle_School_Zones%202015-2016.pdf - http://www.webcitation.org/6bRcjZw2H
 * http://www.newcaneyisd.org//cms/lib5/TX01918142/Centricity/Domain/39/2014-2015_High_School_Attendance_Zones.pdf - http://www.webcitation.org/6bRbMxdru

Older maps: WhisperToMe (talk) 18:03, 10 September 2015 (UTC)
 * http://wayback.archive.org/*/http://www.newcaneyisd.org/pages/uploaded_files/Elem%20Zones%20No%20PU.pdf (There was somethng here but the link is dead)
 * http://web.archive.org/web/20090824043646/http://www.newcaneyisd.org/pages/uploaded_files/MS%20Zones%20No%20PU.pdf - http://www.webcitation.org/6bRcMSJjV
 * http://web.archive.org/web/20100920171938/http://www.newcaneyisd.org/pages/uploaded_files/HS%20Map.pdf - http://www.webcitation.org/6bRcOgVxB

External links modified (February 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on New Caney Independent School District. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151025190535/http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/perfreport/account/2009/index.html to http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/perfreport/account/2009/index.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:40, 16 February 2018 (UTC)


text:
overspin

Noun

 * 1) An excessive amount of spin applied to a projectile such that its nose does not turn down at the summit of the trajectory.
 * 2) A rotational motion, especially that given to a ball, in which the upper surface spins in the direction of motion; topspin;top.
 * 1) A rotational motion, especially that given to a ball, in which the upper surface spins in the direction of motion; topspin;top.
 * 1) A rotational motion, especially that given to a ball, in which the upper surface spins in the direction of motion; topspin;top.

Verb

 * 1) To spin too much or too far.

title: overspin


text:
Wikiversity talk:Courses

I'm not sure I appreciate the tone of this page. The Jade Knight 10:05, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Could you be more specific? What parts would you like to change - and why? Thanks. Cormaggio talk 12:37, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

"Some courses use various downloadable programs or mailiable discs. This isn't a good idea because it often obstructs who can join, especially if it requires completing something and getting a passing grade first."

I don't appreciate the tone either. While I understand the sentiment, Wikiversity being an "unaccredited" institution, it's a perfectly fine forum for course creation. No one is seriously going to look at Wikiversity and mistake a wiki-course for a true, accredited course. The page seems highly condescending and would probably intimidate new users. Courses are also easier to organize and find than independent learning resources - I think they're a perfectly fine format for Wikiversity. --Trinity507 02:25, 28 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, what he said. The Jade Knight (d'viser) 16:54, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

As a total newcomer to Wikiversity, I found this page, and almost decided to not start a "course" where my hope is to use Wikiversity to create a course syllabus and other learning resources for both the community and for student enrolled in my credit-bearing graded course at an accredited university. My course is already [part of Wikiedu.org], and I'm now building out the rest of the syllabus. The discussion here encouraged me to keep going, and I think now I'll go ahead and create my course. If I'm doing it wrong, hopefully someone will steer me in the right direction Stevesuny (discuss • contribs) 15:10, 12 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity talk:Courses


text:
Senator McCullough

Senator McCullough may refer to:

 * Charles McCullough (Northern Ireland politician) (1923–2014), Northern Irish Senate
 * Frank S. McCullough (1905–1998), New York State Senate
 * Hiram McCullough (1813–1885), Maryland State Senate
 * James J. McCullough (born 1942), New Jersey State Senate
 * John G. McCullough (1835–1915), California State Senate and Vermont State Senate

title: Senator McCullough


text:
Komonen

Komonen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Dave Komonen (1898–1978), Finnish-Canadian athlete in marathon
 * Markku Komonen (born 1945), Finnish architect

title: Komonen


text:
Hisatoshi Yamazaki

Hisatoshi Yamazaki (山崎 久寿) is a Japanese field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

title: Hisatoshi Yamazaki


text:
Talk:George Philip Farran

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Kari Brewton.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 13:46, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:George Philip Farran


text:
User:Michael James McD

I am a writer and an editor for a number of small publications in the west of Scotland. I also attend Stirling University, where I study journalism with film and media studies. My interests include motoring, particularly Volkswagens from the 1990's, computing and the propagation of internet culture.

title: User:Michael James McD


text:
Babel River

Babel River is a stream in Bethel Census Area, Alaska, in the United States.

Babel River was named for the Tower of Babel after much confusion regarding its name.

title: Babel River


text:
The Working Title

The Working Title was formed in 2001 and released their first E.P. Everyone Here Is Wrong in 2003. The EP was rated 5 out of 5 in Alternative Press Magazine, which also labeled The Working Title "A Band To Watch". The band's next LP, About Face, was released July 18, 2006. On October 6, 2005, The Working Title began "The Music Is Much Too Loud Tour" with Circa Survive, Mae, and Mutemath as an opening act. The band has also been on tour with bands such as mewithoutYou, Copeland, Vedera, As Tall as Lions, Counting Crows, Our Lady Peace and the Goo Goo Dolls.

They have had their music featured on MTV's Laguna Beach and in the film American Wedding.

In 2003 Damian Joseph, the band's guitarist and a founding member, parted ways with the group. He can be heard on the band's self-produced Sincerely album (2002) and half of Everyone Here is Wrong (2003).

In late 2006 Chris Ginn, the band's bassist and a founding member, announced that he would be leaving the group to pursue a career in Structural Geology. He received a bachelor's degree in geology from College of Charleston in 2011 and is currently pursuing a Master's of Science in Structural Geology at The University of Georgia. The Working Title replaced him with Chris Gingrich.

May 9, 2009 saw the release of The Working Title's third album, Bone Island. Leading up to the creation of Bone Island, all of the members of the Working Title except for primary singer/songwriter Joel Hamilton left the band. In a review by AbsolutePunk, Bone Island was described as "a welcome, breath of fresh air".

Since the dissolution of the band, Hamilton has released an EP and an LP under his given name, an LP with Owen Beverly under the name Inlaws, an EP with Stephanie Underhill (who sings on Bone Island) under the name BABYLiPS, and most recently an LP under the name Mechanical River.

Members

 * Joel Hamilton – vocals, guitar, piano

Former members

 * Adam Pavao – guitar
 * Chris Gingrich – bass
 * Ross Taylor – drums
 * Chris Ginn – bass
 * Jason Maurer – bass
 * Damian Joseph – guitar
 * Matt Podesla – guitar
 * Marcus Russell Price – bass
 * Eric Sirianni – drums

Albums

 * Sincerely · 2002
 * About-Face · 2006
 * Bone Island · 2009

EPs

 * Everyone Here Is Wrong · 2003
 * Heart · 2008
 * Bone Island Bonus EP · 2009

title: The Working Title


text:
Layin' da Smack Down

Layin' da Smack Down is the third studio album by rapper Project Pat, released on August 6, 2002, by Hypnotize Minds, Loud Records, Columbia Records, and Sony Music. It is the last album from Hypnotize Minds to be released through Loud, as Loud was sold off to Sony around the time of the album's release. Due to Project Pat's incarceration at the time, promotion for the album was very limited, and did not receive an RIAA Certification. However, the album did make it to #12 on the Billboard 200 with over 70,000 copies sold in its first week of release.

There were three singles released from this album: "Make Dat Azz Clap", "County Jail" and "Choose U".

A music video was done for "Make Dat Azz Clap", most notable as Thang Clap.

The album also had a clean version available.

In january 2024, the clean version of the track "Choose U" reached the top five of the TikTok Billboard Top 50.

Track listing

 * 1) "Still Ridin' Clean" (featuring Juicy J) - 3:37
 * 2) "The Porch 3" - 0:52
 * 3) "Fight" - 5:29
 * 4) "Weak Niggaz" (featuring DJ Paul) - 4:41
 * 5) "Make Dat Azz Clap (Back Clap)" (featuring Juvenile) - 3:48
 * 6) "Choose U" - 3:15
 * 7) "Smokin' Out" (featuring Lord Infamous) - 3:20
 * 8) "Show Dem Golds" (featuring DJ Paul and Juicy J) - 4:31
 * 9) "This Pimp" - 3:41
 * 10) "On Nigga" - 4:16
 * 11) "That Drank" - 4:27
 * 12) "MC Flyjo" - 1:49
 * 13) "Posse Song" (featuring Hypnotize Camp Posse) - 3:42
 * 14) "90 Days" - 3:15
 * 15) "Shut Ya Mouth, Bitch" (featuring DJ Paul, Juicy J, Crunchy Black, and Frayser Boy) - 5:25
 * 16) "Take Da Charge" - 3:06
 * 17) "Smoke & Get High" (featuring Crunchy Black) - 3:44
 * 18) "County Jail" - 3:54
 * 19) "I'm Mo" (featuring Lord Infamous, DJ Paul, and Frayser Boy) - 4:17
 * 20) "Outro" - 1:37

Disc 2 (bonus disc)

 * 1) "Bonus CD Intro" (performed by DJ Paul and Juicy J) - 0:17
 * 2) "Juicy J Intro" (performed by Juicy J) - 0:20
 * 3) "North, North Part 2" (performed by Juicy J featuring Project Pat) - 3:41
 * 4) "DJ Paul Intro" (performed by DJ Paul) - 0:08
 * 5) "You Scared" (performed by DJ Paul) - 3:28
 * 6) "Crash da Club" (performed by Lil Wyte) - 4:31
 * 7) "Mouth Write a Check (Intro)" (performed by DJ Paul) - 0:08
 * 8) "Mouth Write a Check" (performed by Frayser Boy featuring Project Pat) - 3:38

title: Layin' da Smack Down


text:
User:SHIELDcurrency

Developer of https://shieldcoin.github.io/ and https://github.com/ShieldCoin/SHIELD

Trying to make use of my time

title: User:SHIELDcurrency


text:
User:LinkinParkRules/sandbox

Deaths of Classic Hollywood stars

 * Rudolph Valentino, 31, Italian actor (The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, The Sheik, Blood and Sand), sepsis.
 * Jean Harlow, 26, American actress (Hell's Angels, Red Dust, Dinner at Eight), kidney failure.
 * Douglas Fairbanks, 56, American actor (The Thief of Bagdad, Robin Hood, The Mark of Zorro), heart attack.
 * Carole Lombard, 33, American actress (My Man Godfrey, Nothing Sacred, To Be or Not to Be), plane crash.
 * Conrad Veidt, 50, German actor (The Man Who Laughs, The Thief of Bagdad, Casablanca), heart attack.
 * Leslie Howard, 50, British actor (Gone with the Wind, The Petrified Forest, Pygmalion), aircraft shootdown.
 * W.C. Fields, 66, American comedian (It's a Gift), gastric hemorrhage.
 * Walter Huston, 67, Canadian actor (The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, Dodsworth, Yankee Doodle Dandy), aortic aneurysm.
 * Al Jolson, 64, American entertainer (The Jazz Singer), heart attack.
 * Robert Walker, 32, American actor (Strangers on a Train, Since You Went Away, Till the Clouds Roll By), adverse reaction to prescription drugs.
 * John Garfield, 39, American actor (Four Daughters, Body and Soul), heart attack.
 * Hattie McDaniel, 57, American actress (Gone with the Wind), breast cancer.
 * Sydney Greenstreet, 74, British actor (The Maltese Falcon, Casablanca, Passage to Marseille), diabetes and Bright's disease.
 * Lionel Barrymore, 76, American actor (A Free Soul, It's a Wonderful Life), heart attack.
 * James Dean, 24, American actor (Rebel Without a Cause, East of Eden, Giant), car accident.
 * Bela Lugosi, 73, Hungarian actor (Dracula, Son of Frankenstein), heart attack.
 * Humphrey Bogart, 57, American actor (Casablanca, The Maltese Falcon, The African Queen), esophageal cancer.
 * Oliver Hardy, 65, American actor (Laurel and Hardy), cerebral thrombosis.
 * Ronald Colman, 67, British actor (A Double Life, Lost Horizon, Random Harvest), acute emphysema.
 * Marilyn Monroe, 36, American actress (The Seven Year Itch, Some Like It Hot, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes), barbiturate overdose.
 * Vivien Leigh, 53, British actress (Gone with the Wind, A Streetcar Named Desire), tuberculosis.
 * Jane Darwell, 87, American actress (The Grapes of Wrath), myocardial infection.
 * Tallulah Bankhead, 66, American actress (Lifeboat), pleural double pneumonia.

title: User:LinkinParkRules/sandbox


text:
Template:Tnavbar-plain-nodiv

[ view ], >[ talk ] , >[ edit ]

Usage
Simply place   inside  a given template to add view, talk , edit navigational functionality to it.

Note to editors
This template is likely represented across hundreds of pages (if not thousands); please tread lightly when editing here.

title: Template:Tnavbar-plain-nodiv


text:
User:J42J

Jasmine and Melissa Hemsley are British chefs and operators of Hemsley + Hemsley, a London-based company dedicated to creating and providing healthy, organic foods.

Early Life
The Hemsley sisters grew up in Surbiton, a suburban of London, England. They were born to an English father, who served as an army officer, and a Filipino mother. Jasmine began modeling at age 19 and was featured in advertising for Marks & Spencer, Olay and the Body Shop, and Mercedes. Following her 18th birthday, Melissa spent time working in marketing and sales.

Inspiration
Jasmine credits her modeling period, which lasted over 15 years, as the catalyst to her and Melissa becoming interested in health. "I could really feel the difference between foods that made me bloated and others that didn't," she said in a 2014 interview with Telegraph. "It's a horrid feeling." The Hemsley sisters claim to be passionate about wanting to neutralize the bloating of dishes in the former group. "We love the challenge of reworking [readers' and clients'} favorite recipes to make them healthier and nutrient dense," explained the sisters in Deliciously Ella. They refer to their recipes as "reworked comfort foods," stressing that they are providing nourishing alternatives for their clients' junk foods of choice.

Formation
After doing significant research on healthy eating and living, the Hemsleys formed Hemsley + Hemsley in 2010. Jasmine and Melissa first began offering cooking lessons to friends and shortly attracted an unnamed actor as their first Hollywood client. The sisters later started a blog and, in April 2012, began contributing recipes to British Vogue with their own food column.

Operations
Jasmine and Melissa continue to serve as private chefs for rock and film stars, as well as other clients. Several of their recipes can be found on their website, which doubles as a blog.

Publications
In 2014, the Hemsleys published The Art of Eating Well, their first cookbook, through powerHouse Books. The book was nominated for Book of the Year in the 2014 National Book Awards. The sisters are currently working on their second book.

title: User:J42J


text:
Template talk:2019–20 Vijay Hazare Trophy Group B

Washout matches
Few matches are washed out and scheduled to be replayed. The source from ESPNcricinfo still shows the 2 points from those No Resuls. Should it be the same here also, or those NR removed from table here? Krishnakrm (talk) 07:56, 8 October 2019 (UTC)


text:
for all one is worth

Prepositional phrase

 * 1)  Intensely, vigorously, with as much effort as one can supply.
 * You should see him out there in the snow, shoveling for all he's worth.

title: for all one is worth


text:
reorient

Verb

 * 1)  To orient again; to make or become oriented after dislocation or disorientation.

Adjective

 * 1)  Arising again.

title: reorient


text:
Luca Oyen

Luca Oyen (born 14 March 2003) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Genk.

Club career
Oyen made his professional debut with Genk in a 2–1 Belgian First Division A win over Zulte Waregem. On 16 December 2021 he scored his first goal for Genk in a 4–2 win over Chareloi.

International career
Oyen was born in England to Belgian parents. His father Davy Oyen was playing professional football for Nottingham Forest F.C. at that moment. He moved back to Belgium at a young age. He is a youth international for Belgium.

Honours
Genk
 * Belgian Cup: 2020–21

Personal life
Oyen is the son of retired Belgium international footballer Davy Oyen.

title: Luca Oyen


text:
The Groop (US band)

The Groop were a harmony-based psychedelic pop and soul vocal quartet from the USA, active at the end of the 1960s and releasing one self-titled album. Their song "A Famous Myth" was included on the contemporary Midnight Cowboy film soundtrack.

Corlynn Hanney (born on March 3, 1945) died on December 15, 2020. She had suffered from Lewy body dementia, and died of COVID-19, at age 75.

Discography

 * The Groop (1969)

title: The Groop (US band)


text:
List of NCAA coaches

List of NCAA coaches may refer to:
 * List of current NCAA Division I baseball coaches
 * List of current NCAA Division I men's basketball coaches
 * List of current NCAA Division I women's basketball coaches
 * List of current NCAA Division I FBS football coaches
 * List of current NCAA Division I men's ice hockey coaches

title: List of NCAA coaches


text:
Rikard Wolff

Jan Rikard Wolff (8 April 1958 – 17 November 2017) was a Swedish actor and singer. His career included both film roles in House of Angels and its two sequels and theatre roles such as in Waiting for Godot at Royal Dramatic Theatre, and A Chorus Line at The Göteborg Opera. He was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour for his work with French music. He had also been awarded a Grammis, and received the Swedish Academy's 2017 prize for theatre, as well as a royal medal for his service as an actor.

In Sweden, he was also associated with voice-acting, most notably the Swedish voice for Scar in The Lion King.

Life and career
Wolff grew up in Gubbängen in Farsta and moved to Karlstad at the age of ten. He started to study acting at Skara skolscen in 1978 and then began his professional career in the theatre group Vågspel in Södertälje. From 1980 to 1982, he worked at Teater Aurora, where he played the lead role in Friedrich Schiller's play Don Carlos. He toured with several successful song repertoires performing French chanson, with his inspirations Édith Piaf, Jacques Brel and Barbara.

Between 1984 and 1987, he studied at the Swedish National Academy of Mime and Acting in Malmö, where he came into contact with and started a co-operation with director Rickard Günther, which led to a role in the play Mefisto. During his study years he worked with Suzanne Osten in Affären Danton, and acted in Osten's directoral debut film, Lethal Film, in 1988. His role as the poet Paul Andersson in the television series Apelsinmannen led to his big breakthrough in the Swedish public in 1990.

The voice Scar in the Swedish dub of The Lion King was Wolff. He also starred in the movie House of Angels, and its two sequels, among other films. Wolff had also done various plays, such as Midsommarnatts Dröm (a Swedish version of A Midsummer Night's Dream), and solo acts such as Chanson Suicide and music tours.

His albums included Pojken på månen and Du får mig (om jag får dig).

Wolff took part in Melodifestivalen 2013 with the song "En förlorad sommar", written by Tomas Andersson Wij, in a bid to represent Sweden during Eurovision Song Contest. He performed the song on 9 February 2013 during semi-final 2 of the competition, placing seventh and not qualifying further.

He had expanded his theatre career by acting in the play Waiting for Godot at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm in 1990, Hamlet at Östgötateatern in 1995, A Chorus Line in 2002 at The Göteborg Opera, Richard III at the National Swedish Touring Theatre in 2006, and conferencier at Colin Nutleys Cabaret at Stockholm City Theatre.

Throughout the years he wrote and performed his own songs and recorded several albums, and in 2001 he won a Grammis award for "Allra störst är kärleken". Wolff took part in the opening ceremony for the Friends Arena in Stockholm, where he performed one of his best known songs, "Pojken på månen".

His final work as an actor was playing Dr. Ruben in 24 episodes of the Sveriges Television's Christmas calendar titled Jakten på tidskristallen, to be shown in December 2017.

Honours
In 2001, Wolff won a Grammis for Min allra största kärlek. In 2011 he was awarded the royal medal Litteris et Artibus for his services as an actor. In June 2013, French president François Hollande made him a Knight of the Legion of Honour for his dedication and work with French music. In addition he was awarded several prizes and stipends, including the 2017 theatre prize of the Swedish Academy.

Personal life
Wolff was openly gay. He had one daughter with Stina Gardell, a Swedish producer and journalist, sister of the Swedish novelist, playwright, screenwriter and comedian Jonas Gardell and of the religion scholar Mattias Gardell.

Death
Wolff suffered from pulmonary emphysema since 1988 due to the genetic disease alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and died on 17 November 2017, aged 59.

Filmography

 * 1980: Sverige åt svenskarna - (uncredited)
 * 1988: Livsfarlig film - Sminkör, "kött och ben"
 * 1990: Den svarta cirkeln (TV Series) - Killander, fotograf
 * 1990: Blankt vapen - Eberhardt
 * 1990: Honungsvargar
 * 1991: Oxen - Johannes
 * 1992: House of Angels - Zac
 * 1992: Jönssonligan & den svarta diamanten - Romanoff
 * 1993: Sista dansen - Vicar
 * 1994: Zorn - Isaac Grünewald
 * 1994: Lejonkungen (Swedish dub for The Lion King character Scar)
 * 1994: Änglagård – andra sommaren - Zac
 * 1998: Under the Sun (1998) - Narrator (voice)
 * 2000: Vägen till El Dorado (Swedish dub for The Road to El Dorado character Tzekel-Kan)
 * 2000: Gossip - Karl-Johan Steen
 * 2001: Så vit som en snö - Robert Friedman
 * 2001: Lime - Frikk
 * 2001: Jolly Roger - Sorte Bill
 * 2004: Tre solar - Isak Målare
 * 2006: Desmond & träskpatraskfällan - Helmut Sebaot (voice)
 * 2007: Elias og kongeskipet - Hoff (Swedish version, voice)
 * 2008: Angel - Jess
 * 2010: Så olika - Max Scheele
 * 2010: Änglagård – tredje gången gillt - Zac
 * 2010: Alice i underlandet (Swedish dub for Alice in Wonderland character Absolem)
 * 2015: En underbar jävla jul - TV personality
 * 2016: Bajsfilmen - Dolores och Gunellens värld - Narrator (voice)
 * 2017: Jakten på tidskristallen (TV Series) - Dr. Ruben (final appearance)

Discography

 * 1991: Recital
 * 1995: Pojken på månen
 * 1997: Stjärnklara nätter
 * 2000: Min allra största kärlek
 * 2001: Desemberbarn (with Norwegian Kari Bremnes)
 * 2003: Du får mig om jag får dig
 * 2004: Chanson suicide
 * 2005: Allt du kan önska!
 * 2009: Tango
 * 2013: Första lågan

title: Rikard Wolff


text:
New Zealand slender clingfish

The Slender clingfish(Gastrocyathus gracilis) is a clingfish of the family Gobiesocidae, the only species in the genus Gastrocyathus. This species grows to a length of 4.5 cm TL. Endemic to New Zealand, this species is apparently only found in beds of strap-fronded algae. Harpacticoid copepods comprise the main component of their diet.

title: New Zealand slender clingfish


text:
方針

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) policy ; guiding principle

Etymology
, another name for the, with the meaning figuratively extending to "guidance" in general.

Noun

 * 1) policy, course, plan
 * 1) policy, course, plan

title: 方針


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Independence or death

Independence or death
Voting period ends on 20 Jul 2012 at 11:13:55 (UTC)
 * Reason:This is a beautiful painting, one of the most iconic in Brazil, and it looks great in digital form
 * Articles in which this image appears:Independence of Brazil
 * FP category for this image:Featured pictures/History/Others
 * Creator:Lecen and Centpacrr

 * Support as nominator --Lecen (talk) 11:13, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * oppose very dark al (talk) 10:59, 14 July 2012 (UTC)
 * support I think it's a very good image Azylber (talk) 07:04, 17 July 2012 (UTC)

--Makeemlighter (talk) 19:05, 20 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
знати

Etymology
From, from , from.

Verb

 * 1) to know

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to know

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to know

Etymology
, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to know
 * 2)  to be privy to
 * 3)  to be versed in
 * 1)  to be versed in

Etymology
From, from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Verb

 * 1) to know

title: знати


text:
pagarsi

Verb

 * 1) to keep back a sum of money as recompense or tip, etc.
 * 2) to be satisfied
 * 1) to be satisfied

title: pagarsi


text:
User:Ssris/sandbox

Stannylene (R2Sn:) is a class of compound considered as the tin analogue of carbene and a member of organotin(II) compounds. Unlike carbene, which usually has a triplet ground state, stannylene has a singlet ground state since valence orbitals of Sn have less tendency to form hybrid orbital and thus the electrons in 5s orbital is still paired up. To be able to isolate stannylene, either thermodynamic stabilization from electron donating group (e.g. amine, imine), or kinetic stabilization from bulky group, is needed.

History
The first stannylene with bulky substituents (i.e. persistent stannylene) was synthesized by Michael F. Lappert in 1973. It was isolated as a dialkylstannylene with the formula [(Me3Si)2CH]2Sn. Lappert used the same synthetic approach to synthesize the first diaminostannylene [(Me3Si)2N]2Sn in 1974.

In 1982, Wilhelm P. Neumann found the first convincing evidence of short-lived, smaller stannylene Me2Sn (i.e. transient stannylene) by investigating the thermolysis of cyclic (Me2Sn)6.

Persistent stannylene
Most alkyl stannylenes have been synthesized using tin(II)dihalide and organolithium reagent. For example, the first stannylene, [(Me3Si)2CH]2Sn, was synthesized using (Me3Si)2CHLi and SnCl2.

In some cases, stannylenes have been prepared by reduction of tin(IV) compound by KC8

Aminostannylene can also be synthesized by using tin(II)dihalide and organolithium reagent

Short-lived stannylene
The isolation of transient alkyl stannylene is more difficult. The first isolation of dimethylstannylene was believed to be done by thermolysing cyclostannane (Me2Sn)6, which was the product of the condensation of Me2Sn(NEt2)2 and Me2SnH2. The evidence came from the vibrational frequencies of dimethylstannylene identified by IR spectroscopy, which is consistent with the calculated value. The existence of this elusive SnMe2 was further confirmed by the discovery of visible light absorption matching the calculated electronic transition of SnMe2 in gas phase.

Another method to prepare short-lived stannylene is laser flash photolysis using tetraalkyltin(IV) compound (e.g. SnMe4) as a precursor. The generation of stannylene can be monitored by transient UV-VIS spectroscopy.

Structure and bonding
Stannylenes can be viewed as sp2-hybridized with vacant 5p orbital and a lone pair. This gives rise to their red color from n to p transition.

With specific type of ligands, the electron deficiency of monomeric stannylene is reduced by the agostic interaction from B-H bond. This concept was proved by Keith Izod and coworkers in 2006 when they synthesized the cyclic dialkylstannylene [{n-Pr2P(BH3)}(Me3Si)CCH2]2Sn. The crystal structure of the synthesized compound showed the arrangement of one B-H bond toward the Sn atom with the B—H--Sn bond distance of 2.03 Å. The mitigation of Sn electron deficiency was proved by the spectroscopic data, especially the 119Sn NMR spectra which showed the drastically low chemical shift (587 and 787 ppm comparing to 2323 ppm in analogous dialkylstannylene) indicating more electron density around Sn in this case.

Oligomerization
Small, unstable stannylenes (e.g. dimethylstannylene) undergo self-oligomerization yielding cyclic oligostannanes, which can be used as stannylene sources.

More bulky stannylenes (e.g. Lappert's stannylene), on the other hand, tend to form a dimer. The nature of the Sn-Sn bond in stannylene dimer is rather different from C-C bond in carbene dimer (i.e. alkene). As alkene develops a typical double bond character and the molecule has a planar geometry, stannylene dimer has a trans-bent geometry. The double bond in stannylene dimer can be considered as two donor-acceptor interactions. The electron localization function (ELF) analysis of stannylene dimer shows a disynaptic basin (electrons in bonding orbitals) on both Sn atom, indicating that the interaction between two Sn atom is two unusual bent dative bonds. Apart from that, the stability of stannylene dimer is also affected by the steric repulsion and dispersion attraction between bulky substituents.

Insertion reaction
Alkylstannylenes can react with various reagents (e.g. alkyl halides, enones, dienes) in an oxidative addition (or insertion) fashion. Moreover, By using EPR spectroscopy, the insertion reaction between stannylene and 9,10-phenanthrolinedione produce an EPR signal that was identified to be 9,10-phenanthrenedione radical anion, indicating that this reaction proceeds via radical mechanism.

Cycloaddition
Although stannylene is more stable than its lighter carbene analogs, it readily undergoes [2+4] cycloaddition reaction with Z-alkene. The seminal work was done by Wilhelm Neumann in which he showed that free stannylenes, such as (CH(SiMe3)2)2Sn, react with 2,7-diphenylocta-2,3,5,6-tetraene in a cheletropic fashion allowed by Woodward-Hoffmann rules.

Metal center for oxidative addition and reductive elimination
The seminal work by Andrey Protchenko and Simon Aldridge showed that, with the intrinsic redox property of Sn center (SnII/SnIV), stannylene with proper ligand can serve as a catalytic center like transition metals. They tuned the singlet-triplet energy separation, which is considered to have a strong effect on oxidative addition reactivity, by utilizing a very strong σ-donor boryl (-BX2) ligand. The results demonstrated that not only molecular hydrogen but also E-H bond (E = B, Si, O, N) can be oxidative added on Sn. In ammonia and water cases, the oxidative added product could also undergo reductive elimination, yielding O- or N-B bond formation.

title: User:Ssris/sandbox


text:
2003 Swisscom Challenge

The 2003 Swisscom Challenge, also known as the Zurich Open, was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts that was part of the Tier I Series of the 2003 WTA Tour. It was the 20th edition of the tournament and took place at the Schluefweg in Zürich, Switzerland, from 13 to 19 October 2003. Second-seeded Justine Henin-Hardenne won the singles title and the $189,000 first-prize money. With this victory Henin-Hardenne became the new world No. 1 ranked singles player.

Singles
🇧🇪 Justine Henin-Hardenne defeated Jelena Dokić, 6–0, 6–4
 * It was Henin-Hardenne's 8th singles title of the year and the 14th of her career.

Doubles
🇧🇪 Kim Clijsters / 🇯🇵 Ai Sugiyama defeated 🇪🇸 Virginia Ruano Pascual / 🇦🇷 Paola Suárez 7–6(7–3), 6–2

title: 2003 Swisscom Challenge


text:
The Campus Flirt

The Campus Flirt (a.k.a. The College Flirt) is a lost 1926 American silent comedy film produced by Famous Players–Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was directed by Clarence Badger and starred Bebe Daniels. Comedian El Brendel makes his film debut here.

Cast

 * Bebe Daniels as Patricia Mansfield
 * James Hall as Denis Adams
 * El Brendel as Knute Knudson
 * Charles Paddock as himself
 * Joan Standing as Harriet Porter
 * Gilbert Roland as Graham Stearns
 * Irma Komelia as Mae
 * Jocelyn Lee as Gwen

title: The Campus Flirt


text:
Talk:Physical capital

possible to over-invest?
This is a question for an Economics assignment I have coming up.

Is it impossible for a country to over-invest in physical capital?

Addendum Suggestion
I was looking up the definition for "physical capital" because it appears several times in the 2003 World Development Report, however, this wikipedia article really does not illuminate the meaning for me any more (as non-economist), would it be possible for someone who is more familiar with this topic to provide an example of what physical capital is? I think this would improve the article substantially.

\--Jdu22 05:12, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

measure?
how is physial capital measured? Kingturtle 03:45, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Merge proposal
I plan to rename and revamp Infrastructural Capital to Public Capital (the aggregate body of infrastructure assets including roads, bridges, rails, electric grids, sewer pipes, and other government facilities). socipoet (talk) 10:25, 12 July 2011 (EST)

Infrastructural capital is a specific form of physical capital, and the content would be improved by merging the specific case into the general case. aprock (talk) 17:59, 12 July 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Physical capital


text:
Addison O'Dea

Addison O'Dea (, ; born June 15, 1979) is an American filmmaker and writer who specializes in anthropology. His work has been published and broadcast by National Geographic, Discovery, and Ozy.

Family and education
Hugh Addison White O'Dea was born on June 15, 1979, in New York Hospital to Hugh Patrick O'Dea Jr. (1938–2007) and Sara (née Greenway) O'Dea. He has two younger brothers, John Remsen Varick O'Dea and Patrick Gannon Greenway O'Dea. Based in New York City, the family traveled internationally extensively for both personal and professional reasons. O'Dea was a boarding student at Indian Mountain School in Lakeville, CT. O'Dea attended the Dwight School in Manhattan for international baccalaureate and holds a BSc from New York University.

O'Dea's father, Hugh Patrick O'Dea Jr., was murdered in Louisville, Kentucky in August 2007.

Work
O'Dea, a former contributing editor at National Geographic Traveler, has written and directed a number of virtual reality documentary films focusing on subjects such as the origin of voodoo through West African Vodun in Togo and Benin; and ancient Quranic libraries in the Sahara.

, O'Dea was producing an action film set in the Sahara written and directed by Eugene Jarecki. Featuring a Tuareg character as the protagonist, the working title is "Tuareg Project". He is also the writer and producer of a documentary series called Beat Nation, currently in development with Ginedo Films, also produced by Nabil Elderkin and Mattia Bogianchino.

It was reported in 2021 that O'Dea is directing a feature film financed by Endeavor Content titled Unlikely Heroes.

Discovery TRVLR
His largest project to date is writing and directing the thirty six-episode series Discovery TRVLR for Discovery, Inc. and Google. Filmed on all seven continents, the series centers around a "Guru, Renegade, Entertainer or Explorer" in each environment as they pull the curtain back on varying rituals, unique traditions and life-threatening quests that encompass their culture." At that time, Discovery TRVLR was Discovery's largest virtual reality project to date.

The series was designed by O'Dea to go to as remote locations as possible and focus on the universality of the people who live there. Rather than sending a message of 'we are all the same' or forcing Western ideals on the characters, the idea is to create an elegant juxtaposition at a hyperlocal level. "Defying convention" in Communist Vietnam is significantly different when contrasted alongside the same idea in Catholic Mexico.

From an interview with Addison in Filmmaker about the show: "A core tenet of TRVLR is access, getting into closed communities that are otherwise not open to visitors. Given how popular the travel genre is, you have to work harder as a producer and director to seek out these communities and earn their trust. That meant we were shooting in locations that required negotiations for safe passage through gangland and armed security."

Personal life
In September 2019, O'Dea was reported to be engaged to be married to actress Minnie Driver.

Additional reading

 * Essay by O'Dea on the principals of Vietnamese Buddhism in the afterlife in OZY
 * Essay by O'Dea on the religious cult of Santa Muerte in ''Monster Children
 * O'Dea being interviewed on Cheddar

title: Addison O'Dea


text:
guadagnarci

Verb

 * 1) to draw an advantage, typically from a certain action or behavior; to earn; to gain; to get
 * 2) to take on a more pleasing appearance; to look good
 * 1) to take on a more pleasing appearance; to look good

title: guadagnarci


text:
The Popular Sin

The Popular Sin is a 1926 American silent comedy film directed by Malcolm St. Clair, written by Monta Bell and James Ashmore Creelman, and starring Florence Vidor, Clive Brook, Greta Nissen, Philip Strange, George Beranger, and Iris Gray. It was released on November 22, 1926, by Paramount Pictures.

Cast

 * Florence Vidor as Yvonne Montfort
 * Clive Brook as Jean Corot
 * Greta Nissen as La Belle Toulaise
 * Philip Strange as George Montfort
 * George Beranger as Alphonse Martin
 * Iris Gray as Lulu

Preservation
With no prints of The Popular Sin located in any film archives, it is currently a lost film. Only fragments of reel 6 are in the Library of Congress collection.

title: The Popular Sin


text:
noncontributory

Adjective

 * 1) Describing a pension plan in which the members do not provide their own direct contributions (that is, the employer makes all monetary contributions; the employees make no monetary contributions, whereas their service toward the company's ability to operate is their indirect contribution, for which the pension is remuneration).
 * 2) Not being a contributing factor (to a decision, analysis, or situation), such as not contributing to a medical diagnosis.

Translations

 * Irish: neamhchionmhar
 * Spanish: no contributivo

title: noncontributory


text:
Fernald Point Prehistoric Site

The Fernald Point Prehistoric Site is an archaeological site in Acadia National Park on Mount Desert Island on the central coast of Maine. The principal feature of the site is a shell midden, whose excavation has yielded both historic artifacts and evidence of human occupation to at least 1000 BCE. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Description
Fernald Point is located in the town of Southwest Harbor, Maine, on the western shore of Somes Sound, the body of water that divides Mount Desert Island into two large lobes. The point marks the western side of The Narrows, a narrow point near the southernmost end of the sound. The site is on land now owned by the National Park Service as part of Acadia National Park.

The principal investigation of the site took place in 1977 under the auspices of Dr. David Sanger, an archaeologist from the University of Maine at Orono. Sanger describes this work as at least a partial salvage operation, as the site was being eroded due a long-term rise in sealevels in the area since the end of the last Ice Age; the site has since been protected by construction of a seawall. Major finds at the site including elements of at least two house sites (one of which was already significantly eroded), and eight human burials. One group of four graves was clearly placed with deliberation in the midden, a practice that is otherwise rare on the Maine coast.

Finds at the site suggest that it was occupied as early as 1000 BCE, although older radiocarbon dates (to 2000 BCE) were obtained. The period of heaviest occupation was between 1 CE and 1300 CE. In addition to large quantities of shells (mostly of soft-shell clams), the midden yielded up evidence of human consumption of a wide variety of mammals, birds and fish. Evidence of clay pottery is limited to fragmentary potsherds, although there were sufficient examples to trace changes in decoration and style.

title: Fernald Point Prehistoric Site


text:
Geometry/Chapter 1

Chapter 1: An Introduction to Geometry

Introduction
Geometry comes from two words: geo which means Earth and metry meaning measure. Therefore, geometry means "measuring the Earth". This branch of mathematics deals with the understanding of point and lines and their combinations. In other words, geometry is a type of maths used to measure things that are impossible to measure with devices. For example, no one has been able take a tape measure around the Earth, yet we are pretty confident that the circumference of the planet at the equator is 40075.036 km. How do we know that? The first known case of calculating the distance around the Earth was done by around 240 BCE. What tools do you think current scientists might use to measure the size of planets? The answer is geometry.

However, geometry is more than measuring the size of objects. If you were to ask someone who had taken geometry in high school what it is that s/he remembers, the answer would most likely be proofs. If you were to ask him/her what it is that s/he liked the least, the answer would probably be proofs. A study of Geometry does not have to include proofs. Proofs are not unique to Geometry. Proofs could have been done in algebra or delayed until calculus. The reason that High School Geometry almost always spends a lot of time with proofs is that the first great Geometry textbook, "The Elements," was written exclusively with proofs.

This textbook is based on Euclidean geometry. Euclidean refers to a book written over two thousand years ago called by a man named Euclid. In this book Euclid provides methods using just a compass, ruler and a protractor to prove geometrical statements. His method influences the way geometry is taught today. Euclid's book was part of the math curriculum until the beginning of the twentieth century.

Sections

 * 1) Points, Lines, Line Segments and Rays
 * 2) Angles

title: Geometry/Chapter 1


text:
St Stephens School, Brisbane

St Stephens School is a heritage-listed former Roman Catholic school at 172 Charlotte Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by architect John Ibler and built in 1892 by Thomas Rees. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

History
The school stands on land which was designated for church use in 1847 and officially granted to the Catholic Church in 1849. The very first denominational school in Brisbane had been established in 1845 by the Catholic Church - an indication of early Catholic commitment to education. The aspirations of the Catholic Church and the nature of the 1875 education legislation in Queensland ensured that the early commitment became an enduring feature of Catholic activity, for the church deplored the secular nature of instruction offered in "state" schools and determined to establish its own schools wherever possible. It was within this context that the erection of St Stephens School occurred.

Classes had been conducted in various "second-hand" buildings since 1845, but on 20 March 1892 Archbishop Robert Dunne, a trained teacher, laid the foundation stone for this purpose-built school. A tin capsule containing copies of the three Brisbane daily newspapers and The Australasian was lodged under the stone. John Ibler of Simkin & Ibler, the designers of the building, was present at the ceremony and the contractor, Thomas Rees, made a donation towards the cost of erection. Rees was a prolific building contractor of the period - he built the South East Queensland Water Board Building and Spencers Building.

Construction time was quite brief - on 25 September 1892 the school was blessed by Cardinal Patrick Francis Moran in the presence of a large public gathering. By contemporary standards this was a most impressive school and Cardinal Moran was moved to remark that he hoped "...the people of New South Wales would not allow themselves to be surpassed by those of Queensland in the erection of such schools." The cardinal and several visiting church officials were in Brisbane to open two new churches, lay the foundation stone of another, bless the new school and unveil a statue of the late Bishop James O'Quinn.

The school was run by the Sisters of Mercy as a primary school for girls until its closure in 1965. Subsequently the building was extended and later reopened in 1967 as church administration offices. The 1960s extension was subsequently removed as part of the large St Stephens Cathedral project of the late 1980s.

Description
This three-storeyed school building is built in the Gothic Revival style. It is T-shaped in plan form with the top of the T being the street elevation and the leg of the T extending back into the site. The building is symmetrical from the front elevation. Most window openings have Gothic pointed arches. There are three large openings across the lower level with six smaller windows on the first level, and another six on the upper level. The middle portion of the building has pointed openings whilst those on the wings are rectangular. The central section rises above the wings to a gable containing a small rose window. The building is constructed of brick and has plaster used decoratively around window openings and as horizontal mouldings. The entry is located centrally within an elaborately rendered porch. Verandahs run along either side of the central brick core. Another verandah has been recently added across the rear of the building replacing an unsympathetic brick extension. The masonry and cast iron front fence uses similar detailing to the body of the building and was probably constructed at the same time.

Internally the building has undergone a variety of alterations. The original stair remains to the right of the entry but its timber structure and railing have been painted. On the top level large brackets which support the trusses are exposed, but the ceiling line is not original. A suspended ceiling comes down below the window heads on the ground floor.

Heritage listing
St Stephens School was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.

The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.

St Stephen's School is significant as evidence of the determination of the Catholic Church to develop its own system of education rather than accept the state's secular education policies.

The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.

St Stephen's School is representative of the imposing architectural style employed in late nineteenth century church schools.

St Stephen's School is an example of an inner city Gothic Revival school that is one of a group of ecclesiastical buildings prominent in this part of the city. St Stephen's School is significant for its contribution, together with other buildings in this ecclesiastical group, to the Charlotte Street streetscape.

The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

St Stephen's School is significant for its association with the significant contribution of the Sisters of Mercy to Catholic education in Queensland and as a building held in high esteem by the Catholic community and the wider Brisbane public.

title: St Stephens School, Brisbane


text:
Physiotherapy Assessment/Subjective

Subjective assessment
''Note: While the subjective assessment is examined in detail in this chapter, the objective assessment will be dealt with separately in each following chapter, as they will all be slightly different depending on the type of condition being assessed. Therefore, each chapter after this one will actually be an objective assessment of that type of condition i.e. the chapter on Respiratory assessments is actually a description of the objective assessment performed on a respiratory patient.''

Observation
Without saying a word, you could start picking information from the patient from the very first moment. This begins as soon as you see the patient in the waiting area and continues until they leave your company. Everything they do is a potential clue to their problem. Take note of how they’re sitting (or are they standing?). Do they look like they’re in pain? When they stand up, is it a struggle, or effortless? Watch them walk to the cubicle, do they limp, do they favour one side, are they steady on their feet? If they have to undress, watch them closely. If they’re saying they can’t lift up their arm and yet remove a T-shirt with no apparent discomfort, are they faking it (if it’s a medico-legal issue) or are they just having a pain-free day?

History of the Present Condition (Main problem)
You might begin your session (after taking details) with the following question, or one like it. “What seems to be the problem?” While this could elicit many responses, people will usually tell you what it is in terms of a functional deficit i.e. they’ll tell you what they can’t do, or name an activity that causes pain. You can’t expect a patient to reply, "Well Bob, I seem to have torn my left rotator cuff in what I think was a hyperextension injury." It’ll more than likely be something along the lines of, "It hurts when I sit for a long time", or "I can’t walk as far as I used to", or "My neck hurts when I type". You may occasionally get a response like: "My cow pushed me up against the wall", as I did when I treated a farmer with rib fractures. My first thought was that this guy had a very different approach to looking after his animals than more conventional farmers.

It’s part of your ability as a clinician to interpret these answers. As you gain experience you’ll start doing it subconsciously, but in the beginning it may take some effort. You’ll need to break the activities down into the likely actions/postures involved (are they sitting, standing, bending over, rotating, extending, jumping, running, etc.), analyse the functional muscle groups (what’s contracting, what’s relaxing?), think about the structures under duress (ligaments and tendons being strained) and figure out the potential causes (traumatic injury, arthritis, ‘wear and tear’, poor posture, fracture, etc.).

Body chart
The main problem is usually recorded on a body chart, all which have similar features and all are similarly asexual. The chart on the right is a more or less standard view of one. It shows an anterior and posterior view of the body (some charts have left and right views as well) and shows it in the anatomical position. It is the ideal place to reflect the description and relationship of symptoms. You could qualify them as following: nature, depth, frequency and impact. If the symptom is pain, you could add the VAS/NRPS grade. Some departments will have their own symbols for describing pain, stiffness, acute, chronic, whether it radiates, etc.

Behaviour of symptoms
A Typical 24-hour pattern; What aggravates it; What eases it; Any particular activities that bring on symptoms

Past Medical History (PMH)
It’s important to have a good understanding of the patient’s history at this point. You need to know whether this kind of thing happens often. Is it long-standing (chronic) or is it a recent thing?

Social/Family History (SH/FH)
FAMILY HISTORY: to rule out whether the pathological condition is due to hereditary transmission,example:diabetes also it can out the relationship with others

Past surgical history (PSH)
Have they had recent surgery that might give a clue to an underlying problem? If a patient has had a spinal fusion 6 months ago, and is now complaining of back pain, might the two be related?

Special questions

 * General health

 * Operations

 * Weight loss

 * Drugs (steroids, anticoagulants)

 * Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

 * Osteoporosis

 * Diabetes

 * Spinal cord/Cauda equina symptoms

 * Dizziness

 * X-rays

 * Working environment

 * Constant or night pain

Life impact
What is the effect of the problem on their activities of daily living (Basic DLA, DLA and Participation): - Personal care - Home management - Social life and hobbies - Work

title: Physiotherapy Assessment/Subjective