text:
Wikipedia:Mediation Cabal/Cases/2006-08-11 Peoples' Global Action

= Mediation Case: 2006-08-11 Peoples' Global Action =

Please observe Etiquette and Talk Page Etiquette in disputes. If you submit complaints or insults your edits are likely to be removed by the mediator, any other refactoring of the mediation case by anybody but the mediator is likely to be reverted. If you are not satisfied with the mediation procedure please submit your complaints to Wikipedia talk:Mediation Cabal.

Request Information

 * Request made by: N1h1l 13:40, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Where is the issue taking place?
 * ...Peoples' Global Action

 * Who's involved?
 * ...User:Anro, User:Lavieenrose, User:Moderntimes, User:Harrypotter User:Paki.tv

 * What's going on?
 * ...A contentious paragraph is being added (by User:Harrypotter, User:Paki.tv), then removed (by User:Anro, User:Lavieenrose, User:Moderntimes or Anon), then re-added and re-removed, etc... Both groups claim vandalism on the other's part.
 * ... Although I am not central to this skirmish, I think that the case could be made that the information does not belong on the page as no academic sources are available (only deep web, mailing list threads, etc.). However, constructive dialogue is not occuring.

 * What would you like to change about that?
 * ...A third party opinion on the validity of the information in dispute would be helpful.

 * Would you prefer we work discreetly? If so, how can we reach you?
 * ...I don't think that discreet is needed.

Mediator response

 * I'll take up this case. Discussion remains here. --physicq210 17:33, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Can I have a copy of the article section where the paragraph in question is placed? I need copies of both with and without the paragraph. Please post them on the talkpage of this case. Thanks. --physicq210 19:20, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Compromise offers
This section is for listing and discussing compromise offers.

Comments by Lavieenrose

 * Okay, so we have a case where Harry Potter, Paki.tv and N1h1l keep including an incorrect paragraph into a page. They provide no verification (they refer to corrected minutes) and no reliable sources (non-public mailing list archives), and their information does not comply with NPOV. There are plenty of mails to prove that their allegation of a controversy is incorrect. In order to maintain Netiquette it is not adequate to link to e-mails in an encyclopedia. The incorrect paragraph does not comply with Wikipedia standards as an encyclopedia based on verified information. Lavieenrose, 10 August 2006.
 * Wait a minute. Who are the involved parties here, and who is on what side? --physicq210 22:14, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Comments by Paki.tv

 * Hi, I am Paki.TV- I know Harypotter and have met Anro on occasion - and have experience of the PGA, having been at the Belgrade conference ( Harrypotter was also there and I think Anro was there too ) where the issue of the right-wing started to come out - alot of the material is not on-line, but if u look at http://www.nadir.org/nadir/initiativ/agp/free/links/index.htm the PGA link to Evrasia: Eurasia (pga infopoint, Sumy, Ukraine) evrazia AT ukr.net is still there - it is Leonid Savin's email address, and it is quite well documented that the Eurasianists are allied to National Bolshevilks and National Socialists - check this link http://www.evrazia.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=2640 . If there is no contreversy, are you now suggesting that PGA is actively allied with the right wing? Paki.tv 06:13, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry, I don't know what you are trying to say. Could you clarify? Thanks. --physicq210 17:31, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Dear Paki.TV: Which part of the following sentence do you not understand: "We reject all forms and systems of domination and discrimination including, but not limited to, patriarchy, racism and religious fundamentalism of all creeds. We embrace the full dignity of all human beings." There is clearly no controversy about this sentence. Lavieenrose 12 August 2006

 * Clarification: The controversy is in the interpretation of precisely that hallmark - and the relationship of the PGA network to the 'new right' and nationalist socialist forms such as 'national anarchism', 'national bolshevism' etc which is precisely why the passage in question needs to be included. Paki.tv 14:19, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Comments by Harrypotter

 * The Peoples Global Action page includes a section about the Hallmarks, and a paragrah was added which dealt with a controversy which arose about the interpretation of these hallmarks. This was also linked to the fact that a certain Leonid Savin, who at that time was running the PGA info-point in the Ukraine was also Youth organiser of the fascist Eurasia Party. When citations were requested, citations were provided. In fact the citations chosen were precisely from the minutes and a PGA discussion list. This list, contary to what Lavieenrose was public, which is why it is accessible. When Lavieenrose says "There are plenty of mails to prove that their allegation of a controversy is incorrect." this is somewhat bizarre, as the existence of this e-mails would suggest that there is a contoversy. However, please also see Choice of Fascists, From Institutional Racism To Flirting With Fascism, which as I am involved with this website I did not see it as appropraite to include. For another point of view see My Belgrade Experience

 * I also note that User:Anro, User:Lavieenrose, User:Moderntimes, all have only made contributions to wikipedia on this issue. This makes me wonder whether they are not all PGA apparatchniks whose sole endeavour is to turn the PGA wikipedia entry simply into advertising blurb. I feel that myself and Paki.tv have been careful not to promote our views - which would necessitate a detailed analysis of how Institutional racism operates in the PGA - as we feel this is an inappropraite place. However, as these issues did arise, and indeed the minutes were only "corrected" following the meeting organised in London about Institutional Racism mentioned in the link above. I feel that the brief paragraph makes an important contribution to understanding what the PGA actually is. As regards the last interjection by Lavieenrose, the issue is not with the wording of the so-called Hallmark, but with the practice of the organisation. It should also be noted that despite providing citations to verified sources on a public list, none of the people opposing the inclusion of this paragraph have suggested that the information is not true, and if they find a problem with the way the information is presented, then they should try and find a compromise.Harrypotter 22:22, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

 * So, in short, you added the paragraph because you believe the article needed a criticism section? I don't want to get into people's (or parties') political leanings. This is not the correct channel for it. --physicq210 23:38, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

 * My feeling is that the issue was to do with the "hallmarks", in that they have also been used by other organisations (such as Dissent! (network). Perhaps the matter could be dealt with in terms of a criticism section. I agree that this is not the channel for having a political discussion, but I do believe it is suitable and reasonable to record that there was controversy, and that this was linked to the successful infiltration of the PGA by Leonid Savin as these are facts. The paragraph included does not go into the differing positions in that controversy, nor the right and wrongs of the Savin affair for that reason, for that very reason. Harrypotter 23:52, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

Comments by Lavieenrose

 * The problem is that there still is no valid information on the alleged controversy. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia based on verifiability, this means that any reader must be able to check that material added to Wikipedia has already been published by a reliable source. This is one of Wikipedia's three content-guiding policies. The other two are No original research and Neutral point of view. None of these principles are fulfilled here. So this is not a case of some "apparatchniks" but of concern for Wikipedia's quality standards, since the sole endeavour of these two people seems to be to turn Wikipedia into an opinion blog that is not based on verified facts.

The Jajinci minutes referred to present no facts on a controversy. The minutes clearly state: the sentence in question "reads badly, and does not reflect the sentiment of the spokescouncil meeting. It could be interpreted wrongly, as it does not reflect the context in which it was made, which was to question the possibility that such 'openness' could be perceived to include fascists. We are facing the long-term reality of the rise of racism and fascism in the world. This is a reality that needs to be confronted and challenged by the PGA network and the groups that are active within it.'" Even if this comment was added later, there is no evidence there was a controversy on the hallmarks according to this source. Therefore, following Wikipedia principles, there is no reason to include this paragraph in the encyclopedia entry. Lavieenrose 13 August 2006

Comments by Harrypotter

 * So are we to conclude from this you only wish to remove any reference to controversy. Would this be acceptable to you.

 * Personally I do not understand why you take such exception to the suggestion that this effort to include members of fascist organisations was controversial. Perhaps it would be better if we had a section on far right infiltration of the PGA, coupling Savin's efforts with those of Mike Dolan of Public Citizen's Global Trade Watch, whose e-mail to a PGA listserve in March 1999 is reproduced on The Progressive Left's Dirty Little Secret: Public Citizen, IFG and the Far Right.

Comments by Lavieenrose

 * Dear Harry Potter, I wrote: "incorrect paragraph" not "word" and I also noted adding this incorrect paragraph was as if somebody kept adding a paragraph to the Wikipedia page Earth saying "the Earth is flat" and adding a link to "pigs can fly". Adding a link to a nationalist site in Australia does not prove your point and I would not consider it a reliable source. - Lavieenrose, 14 August 2006.

Comments by Harrypotter

 * So what you are saying is there is no prospect of compromise. You are simply insisting that there should be no reference to fascist infiltration of the PGA, because . . . you do not think there should be one. The paragraph is not "incorrect", all you are interested in is continuing the pretence that the PGA was not subject to New Right infiltration. There was in the case of Savin as there was previously in the USA. I can see no point in continuing with this mediation.Harrypotter 22:48, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Comments by 158-152-12-77

 * Personally I think NPOV is boss-talk, and that Harry Potter and Paki.tv have little chance against private LARC cops (masquerading as the public, and saying criticism equals flat-earthism) and Wikipedia bureaucrats (presenting as community wardens or mediators)...

 * and that this place is as Winston Smithy as anywhere else (e.g. the cold war ended in 1989, and early big-media reports on 911 didn't talk about bombs in the basements; nor have boss propaganda procedures kept up with the information revolution - yeah right), but let's leave that aside for a brief moment and play the game.

 * The facts do not seem to be in dispute, namely that there was a controversy over openly fascist involvement in the PGA.

 * Inclusion of a link to info from Companies House might be interesting too, not to mention public information from the Land Registry. (A clearer case of you-know-what is hard to think of - More than infiltration surely?). A case for putting the boot in, without upholding the idea that a political scene should be better, or closer to an ideal, or whatever. Make shame more shameful still as the old boy put it.

 * Right, I'm off down the working men's club to tell 'em how hallmarks are the accepted indicator of purity, proper provenance, and genuinely radical motivations. I thought everyone who was comme il faut knew that. At least they all do at pater's garden parties. Or maybe those chaps scurrying around actually holding the platters don't, but really, let's be serious... I mean they don't need to know anyway, the conventional little oiks with their pathetic grey lives... 158-152-12-77 11:06, 14 August 2006 (BST)

 * Anro, since you posted your latest comment after I posted mine (even if this is not objectively verifiable, because you did not use a time-stamp), I presume that I am one of the critics you mention. For your information, I am not involved with West Essex Zapatista or any other group.

 * Nor do I know what group you yourself may or may not be involved with, although a bookie might lay short odds about your involvement with the PGA. If you accuse your opponents of belonging to a particular group, it would be courteous to say a) why that would be of any relevance, if it were true (and personally I don't know whether it's true or not), and b) whether you yourself belong to any group. But wouldn't it be better still to concentrate on the weight of what people are saying? It seems to me that Harrypotter and Paki.tv are sticking to the facts. Facts are what I want when I use an encyclopaedia, not adverts. 158-152-12-77 12:06, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * First things first: Your opening comments displayed only open contempt for the dispute resolution process. I am not assuming bad faith on my part; it is my interpretation of your potentially inflammatory statements.

 * Second, I am only a mediator here. I'm here out of the the goodness of my heart, not to be demonized by contemptuous editors. I'm not here to listen to statements loaded with political rhetoric and lacking of evidence. This goes for both sides.

 * Third, accusing editors and mediators of Wikipedia of being abusive "private LARC cops" or any equivalent is not only of bad taste, but explicitly forbidden. See WP:NPA and WP:FAITH.

 * Fourth, I have no agenda. I do not support or oppose any side. Assuming so is a violation of WP:FAITH.

 * As far as I can see, these editors are remaining civil and courteous even if their viewpoints differ. The last thing we need here is an editor who not disrespects the process, but the viewpoints of others. --physicq210 22:58, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I'll fsck off then, shall I? It would be far far preferable to affecting to have some sort of 'NPOV'. No thanks for the 'taste' lesson. If you yourself need a lesson, it's in reading comprehension, because absolutely nowhere have I accused you of supporting or opposing either side. In fact I didn't even refer (or allude) to anything you have said or done, one way or the other. You hadn't even come onto my radar. Part of 'NPOV' means 'don't criticise Wikipedia', of course. It might lower its share price come IPO day. Not that I'm saying this is something you understand.158-152-12-77 23:44, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * No one is telling you to leave outright. I'm just asking you to be more constructive in your comments. --physicq210 01:32, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Question to All Parties by the Mediator

 * In an effort to resolve this problem, let me first ask this question.

 * Support
 * 1) 158-152-12-77
 * 2) Paki.tv 16:02, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose
 * 1) User:Anro, the criticism arised at this page lacks any reasonable arguments, it is just an attempt to defame PGA by a small UK group called "West Essex Zapatista". To this sort of criticism I oppose.
 * 2) User:Lavieenrose, criticism is always valid if it is based on facts. In this case, however, the allegations of right-wing infiltration have nothing to do with reality. We have not been given any verifiable proof, even the Jajinci minutes do not provide any evidence. 14 August 2006
 * Neutral
 * 1) N1h1l, a criticism section would add to the article, but only if the critiques can be appropriately sourced. I do not believe that mailing lists and deep web sources meet Reliable sources. IMO, that rules out this and this, but not the PGA minutes.
 * Neutral
 * 1) N1h1l, a criticism section would add to the article, but only if the critiques can be appropriately sourced. I do not believe that mailing lists and deep web sources meet Reliable sources. IMO, that rules out this and this, but not the PGA minutes.
 * 1) N1h1l, a criticism section would add to the article, but only if the critiques can be appropriately sourced. I do not believe that mailing lists and deep web sources meet Reliable sources. IMO, that rules out this and this, but not the PGA minutes.

Comments from the Mediator

 * I should have been more clear. I meant if there should be an entirely new criticism section (in other words, not the version we have now, but an enirely new criticism/controversy section. --physicq210 22:32, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * by 158-152-12-77: in my opinion the version supported by Harrypotter and Paki.tv is suitable. Does that mean I should respond 'OPPOSE' to your question? Good advice is not to change a vote-type question once you are starting to get responses to it. Maybe let this one run its course and then ask another question if you want. After all, if someone backs a criticism section with certain characteristics (e.g. newness, oldness), then they do back a criticism section, so maybe we are getting somewhere. I.e. it's an OK question as it stands. Mind you, I think Lavieenrose isn't being entirely straightforward, since it is obviously false that criticism is always valid if it's based on facts, and anyway I hadn't realised that the issue here was the validity or otherwise of criticism, or even the inclusion or exclusion of criticism. As for the 'right wing', it would be a curious definition of fascism that denied it can also come from the 'left wing', as well as from the 'centre'. But the entry of rightist fascist elements into the PGA has been demonstrated. 158-152-12-77 23:02, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * What I meant is if there should be any criticism/controversy section in the article at all. --physicq210 23:09, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * That's what you did say in the first place, which I thought was fine and understood by all. Which would be very different from asking whether people wanted a completely new section. Might you make make more effort, perhaps?158-152-12-77 23:44, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * 'naturally' or 'of course', it is always useful to include criticism - which will include (criticism FROM) both the left and right (and above and below etc, too!) and this is a trend noticed in Wikipedia entries generally - something that is maybe becoming standardised as practice. Of course this recuperation (recovery from illness) of criticism is reflecting how antisystemics fold back into a systemic structure - for example how the voluntary unpaid effort of contributors is regulated by capitalist relations to which they must inevitably return ... unless... <IP_ADDRESS> 10:39, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Comments by Lavieenrose

 * A criticism/controversy section based on these allegations makes no sense. There is no wording that can be found for these allegations that is suitable for an encyclopedia, because there are no verifiable facts. Lavieenrose, 15 August 2006

Comments by 158-152-12-77

 * Lavieenrose, you now base your opposition wholly on the allegation of unverifiability, so let us discuss that issue. Harrypotter has posted links which verify what he and Paki.tv say. What is wrong with links to undisputedly accurate web-based records of public mailing lists? They verify that there has indeed been controversy over the fascist connection.

Request for Info from the Mediator

 * From what I can deduce from the current article, I see that Peoples' Action Network is (only) an anti-capitalist and anti-globalization movement, without differentiating between left-wing or right-wing. What do "fascists" have to do with this? I'm not fueling the fire for the anti-inclusionists, but asking a purely academic question. And by the way, the article is far from perfect, hence the confusion that may result. --physicq210 01:32, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Re: Request for Info from the Mediator by Anro

 * Hi, when you read the PGA Hallmarks attentive, you will see a clear reaction of fascist (right-wing) tendencies. PGA is at least a huge network of grassroots organizations, but it is not an "organization" in "classic" style, so you can't count "members" cause there is *no* "membership".

 * Some big Organizations of landless movements, farmers, fishworkers and indigenous communities in the global south are affiliated to this network. Their arguments are oftelnly based on "people" and "territory" which is sometimes misinterpretated by western left wing people to be fascist.

 * West Essex Zapatista, which is trying again and again to defame PGA as rhigt wing infiltrated is a tiny sect-like group of a few individuals in the UK, which is already "disqualified" by lots of UK activist groups.

Comments by Lavieenrose

 * Dear Mediator physicq210, first of all I do not understand why you introduced the disputed section into the article again. That certainly does not reflect any kind of mediation or compromise and would mean that Wikipedia gives up all its quality principles. This makes no sense and would be unacceptable.
 * Several times I explained there was no proof for the allegations made. There was agreement from N1h1l that mailing lists are no reliable sources.

 * Above all, there is a clear differentiation of PGA against the right-wing. The [PGA website] gives a definite proof that PGA is fighting right-wing tendencies, is a network of grassroots movements fighting against fascism, racism, war, etc. -- Lavieenrose, 16 August 2006

 * When I finally had to intervene after repeated additions and removals, the paragraph was there. I added a note detailing the dispute, and added a tag on top of the article section. I have to admit; it's not the best or most impartial decision I ever made, but it was necessary to stop the edit war. Sorry if there were any confusions. I can go add another dispute tag if you want. --physicq210 21:32, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Or how about now? I left the paragraph in there, but now it cannot be seen on the article page. This is only an interim measure, though. --physicq210 21:42, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Summary of Events

 * From the discussion above, I piece together this summarized result:

 * Harrypotter and Paki.tv argue that there is right-wing infiltration into the PGA and accuse Moderntimes, Lavieenrose, and Anro of stifling criticism and dissent.
 * Moderntimes, Lavieenrose, and Anro argue that the paragraph in question depicts non-notable and poorly sourced information and accuse Harrypotter and Paki.tv of pushing the views of a fringe minority.
 * N1h1l argues that the paragraph in question is notable, but should be included only if citations conforming with WP:RS are used.

 * Please correct me if I am wrong. And please, correct only if my summary of your position is incorrect. Remember, this is a general picture of things, not a detailed painting of the dispute. --physicq210 22:03, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * That is not how I would characterize my position. I think that some of the citations used do not meet Reliable sources. I'd like to see a compromise in which the Savin issue was dealt with using only appropriately sourced materials. Thus, if controversy cannot be documented without resorting to deep web sources and mailing lists, then I believe the issue should not be characterized as a controversy. - N1h1l 22:26, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * How about now? --physicq210 22:54, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Good enough I guess. :) - N1h1l 01:39, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I argue that the paragraph in question contains false accusations, not that it depicts non-notable information.

 * A huge box gives too much weight to the false accusations, therefore it should be enough to have a small note at the end of the page referring to the discussions on the Talk page. And I will be really glad if this case can be closed soon. ;-)) - Lavieenrose 15:32, 17 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Don't we all want this to end? But if Harrypotter and Paki.tv aren't speaking up, then I can't do much. --physicq210 21:48, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Dear moderator, wot can i say? these people have gone from questioning sources, to verification to now denying that these events ever took place. AnRo and Lavie just show themselves to be PGA liars. My position is clear and unchanged since the begining of this case. i don't know wot more u want from me? BTW, there has been mention of LARC and i wonder if you are aware of wot that is? Paki.tv 08:06, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Dear mediator, again, can we agree on a note at the bottom of the page referring to the talk page and please end this case? I think if one party is calling others liars (and worse) that is not very constructive and therefore there's no sense in carrying on the debate. --Lavieenrose 16:27, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Comments by the Mediator

 * As this case has reached an impasse that I cannot overcome, the best thing I can do is offer final advice to all parties.

 * I would advise that you try using the village pump if you want outside opinions regarding this matter. Someone to help you guys "think outside the box," if you will.

 * If outside opinions cannot resolve the conflict, then you may have to take it up to the Mediation Committee, which has more powers than the Mediation Cabal.

 * Let me offer my opinion about the conduct of this case. It is sad to watch how civil you all entered this mediation, only to leave the room calling each other liars, fascists, and other demeaning personal attacks. It is sad to watch how I came in expecting this to resolve quickly, only to see that some are not willing to compromise and come to consensus.

 * I will close this case in three days if there are no objections. Good luck to all. --physicq210 21:43, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for giving it a shot. - N1h1l 22:51, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Dear Mediator, well, this case will certainly have to be taken to the Mediation Committee. I do not think Wikipedia should be left to those with the most aggressive behaviour. In this mediation process several Wikipedia principles have been repeatedly ignored, including No Personal Attacks and Assuming Good Faith. I have no words for Harry Potter's comments and his attacks on so-called "apparatchniks" (that do not exist, of course, because PGA is a network and has no organisational apparatus).

 * I hope it is at least clear that there should be no links to mails and mailing list archives as they certainly are not a reliable source (because the archives of 2004/2005 have been copied to another website and were last altered in August 2006). I sincerely hope Wikipedia will not deteriorate into an opinion blog instead of being an encyclopedia based on facts. --Lavieenrose 22:14, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Comments by Harrypotter 15:44, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, thanks for your efforts.

Some comments:
 * User:Moderntimes was not involved in the debate, only making one wikipedia entry on 18th July, no doubt carried away by celebrating the J18 Carnival Against Capitalism of 1999.

 * As regards lying, this is an issue which User:Lavieenrose brought up - using the euphemism false accusation. I think Paki.tv is correct in saying that they have shifted their ground from questioning sources to denying the events ever took place. It is with User:Lavieenrose that the issue of lying arises.

 * However User:Anro has not quite gone this far, but it depends what you understand by defamation. However it would be quite hard for him to suggest that this is a false accusation, as On New Right infiltration in PGA states: "the exclusion from the infopoints list was done deliberately following Laure's mail to the process list. Anro will alter the map soon." We shall see whether User:Anro makes clear his position on this, or is prepared to hide behind User:Lavieenrose.

 * User:Anro's response to the request for information is largely beside the point. Whilst the PGA claims not to be an organisation and not have a membership, does not mean this is the case. (Anymore than the claim that National Socialism is a form of socialism is necessarily true.) In my experience, far from being a "huge network", the PGA consists of twenty to thirty peple, primarily in Europe, funded by a multi-milliononaire from the Vestey family, who have a relationship with one or two organisation in India with a mass base. This cadre of apparatchniks uses "classic" Bakuninist techniques of the invisible dictatorship gyrating around the cheque book of its funder. However as this is all first hand experience, it would not be right to include it in the article. What has beem included is externally verifiable material about right wing infiltrartion of the PGA

What is most worrying is that the PGA apparatchniks are trying to cover up the infiltration, rather than work out how they can better protect themselves from such incursions

Certainly this is not the first time there has been right-wing infiltration of the PGA, both in the USA in 1999/2000 Seattle '99, wedding party of the left and the right?, an alternative source to the Australian Nationalist website which was previously objected to. However at that time the PGA was healthy enough to respond to it. What is more disturbing is the more recent case of Leonid Savin. The New Right, particularly in the former Soviet Union, are keen to infiltrate anti-capitalists movements. Unfortuantely PGA apparatchniks are not able to deal with it in a sensible way, instead to accuse those of us who refuse to shut up about this phenomenon of lying, reciting again and again the Hallmarks as though they constitute some kind of mantra. It is reminiscent of Thomas Jefferson who wrote the bit about All men are created equal in the American Declaration of Independence, whilst being himself a slave owner. For many Jefferson is noted as a liberal or even a libertarian, however other shave noted his hypocracy. For all their finely buttered parsnips, the PGA apparatchniks like User:Lavieenrose and User:Anro suffer from the same problem as Jefferson - because their politics are also middle class bourgeois liberalism. I think the only person who has been called a fascist is Savin, and correctly so because of his allegiance to Duginism.Harrypotter 21:49, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

Final Comments by the Mediator

 * Well, it is August 21. All I can do now is sit back and watch how this case goes as it goes through the winding path of dispute resolution. I will keep an ever watchful eye on this case, and you may see my comments on MedCom and/or ArbCom if circumstances warrant. All of them, of course, are from a mediator's point of view. So, good luck, and (although an oxymoron) dispute peacefully. --physicq210 17:29, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Mediation Cabal Case Closed on 17:29, 21 August 2006 (UTC)


text:
Ypsilanti, North Dakota

Ypsilanti is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Stutsman County, North Dakota, United States, and the primary populated place in Ypsilanti Township. A portion of the townsite is located in Corwin Township. Its population was 109 as of the 2020 census.

History
In 1879, the U.S. Government gave 621 acres of land to the Northern Pacific Railway, and part of this became Ypsilanti Township and the townsite of Ypsilanti.

The townsite of Ypsilanti was platted by William Hartley Colby and a partner by the name of Lloyd DePuy. W.H. Colby had come from Ypsilanti, Michigan, so he named the new townsite after the Michigan city by that name.

The Ypsilanti Post Office was first established in the Theodore Doughty home, one-half mile north of Ypsilanti, which also served as the Ypsilanti stage coach stop. In 1882, the post office was moved to Ypsilanti proper. At one point, date uncertain, the post office was moved to the Spaulding Store, where it remained until 1921, when it was moved to the Lee Ferguson Store. In June 1953, an addition was built onto the Heffernan house, which served as the post office until September 1, 1967, at which time a stand-alone post office was constructed.

The dam at Ypsilanti Park was constructed in 1931 and 1932, as a W.P.A. Project. Shortly afterward, the park was built alongside the dam. Ed Whitney donated the land where the park is located, while the original park equipment was contributed by Ypsilanti businesses and organizations, and James Crouch built the first two fireplaces at the park. The chief organizers of the park construction were Stan Nicholls, Bob Kotts, and a man named Glaspell.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Ypsilanti has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ypsilanti, North Dakota


text:
User:Egapaa/Choose an Article

Article Selection
Please list articles that you're considering for your Wikipedia assignment below. Begin to critique these articles and find relevant sources.

Option 1

 * Article title
 * 2010 Sham El Sheikh Shark attacks

 * Article Evaluation
 * Sources
 * Sources

Option 2

 * Article title
 * Plastic Recycling

 * Article Evaluation
 * Sources
 * Sources

Option 3

 * Article title
 * Bit (money)

 * Article Evaluation
 * Sources
 * Sources

Option 4

 * Article title
 * Persona

 * Article Evaluation
 * Sources
 * Sources

Option 5

 * Article title
 * 2018-2019 Toronto Raptors Season

 * Article Evaluation
 * Sources
 * Sources

title: User:Egapaa/Choose an Article


text:
Talk:Carlos Villalobos

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Carlos Villalobos. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090103071743/http://www.rhodiumrecords.com:80/rhodium-news/2007/10/14/rhodium-artist-chosen-by-us-cellular.html to http://www.rhodiumrecords.com/rhodium-news/2007/10/14/rhodium-artist-chosen-by-us-cellular.html

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 09:32, 29 January 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Carlos Villalobos


text:
Appendix:Romanian nouns

Romanian nouns come in three genders, two numbers and (technically) 5 cases.

 * Genders
 * Masculine
 * Feminine
 * Neuter

 * Numbers
 * Singular
 * Plural

 * Cases
 * Nominative/Accusatve
 * Genitive/Dative
 * Vocative

Neuter
Neuter nouns are slightly peculiar in that there is no set of words (articles, adjectives, etc.) designated to their use. Instead, they use masculine words in the singular and feminine words in the plural.

Number
Plurals in Romanian end in -i, -uri or -e. See individual genders' declension appendices for more details.

Article
Although a separate part of speech, the article must be mentioned in any description of nouns due to the fact that the definite article is not, itself, a separate word in Romanian.

Indefinite
The indefinite article has 6 forms total: 3 nominative/accusative forms and 3 genitive dative forms. Each case has 2 singular forms (one for masculine/neuter and one for feminine) and one form for all plurals.

Definite
The definite article in Romanian is enclitic, meaning that it is attached to the end of the word.

Nominative
The nominative case corresponds to the subject of the sentence in English.

Accusative
The accusative case corresponds partly to English's objective case. It marks the direct object of a verb, rather than the indirect object (which is handled by the dative case).

Genitive/Dative
A peculiarity in this case is that feminine singular nouns take their plural forms.

Genitive
The genitive case indicates possession.

Dative
The dative case corresponds partly to English's objective case. It marks the indirect object of a verb, rather than the direct object (which is handled by the accusative case.)

Vocative
The vocative does not correspond to a particular case in English. It is used when addressing someone. It is not incredibly common and can be replaced by the nominative form in most cases.

Appendices

 * Masculine noun declension
 * Feminine noun declension
 * Neuter noun declension

title: Appendix:Romanian nouns


text:
poiketa

Verb

 * 1)  to differ from, be different from, depart, deviate, diverge  not to have the same traits, characteristics
 * 2)  to deviate, stray, wander; to diverge, swerve, veer, divert  to change course or plan; to go off course; to fall outside, e.g. of a norm
 * 3)  to digress, deviate  to turn aside from the main subject of attention, or course of argument
 * 4)  to drop by, drop in  to visit without an appointment
 * 1)  to drop by, drop in  to visit without an appointment

title: poiketa


text:
Great Britain Super League

The Great Britain Super League was a short lived field hockey tournament organised by Great Britain Hockey.

It was established in 2007 as a showcase for British hockey talent. The event was run from 2007 until 2012 and is now defunct. The inaugural teams were from England (Wessex Leopards, Saxon Tigers and Pennine Pumas), Scotland (Caledonian Cougars and Highland Jaguars) and Wales (Celtic Panthers) competing. Players from the national leagues represented their relevant region.

2006-2007 Super League
Men's standings Final

Women's standings Final

2007-2008 Super League
Men's standings Final

Women's standings Final

2008-2009 Super League
Men's standings

Women's standings

2009-2010 Super League
Men's standings

2010-2011 Super League
Men's standings

Women's standings Final

2011-2012 Super League
Men's standings Final

Women's standings Final

title: Great Britain Super League


text:
Talk:Mike Douglas

Allmusic.com biography
I have added his Allmusic.com biography. Capitalistroadster 19:53, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Cause of death
I am hearing radio reports that his wife says he became dehydrated playing golf earlier in the week and never properly recovered. I can't find any corroboration of this. —DeweyQ 23:58, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Dewey, I read the same thing. It's in this link: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/11/AR2006081101748.html

However, the article is careful to say the definite cause of death has yet to be determined. NickBurns 22:00, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Mike Douglas.jpg
Image:Mike Douglas.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 15:19, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

No references
This article, along with The Mike Douglas Show, was created in 2004. With 152 editors it is amazing that there are no listed references in over seven years but external links that are actually used as source or references. I commented on "The Mike Douglas Show" talk page (as well as here), to see if there are any editors watching this article. I would like to see if there are possible solutions (references) before possibly concluding that both of these articles (and any other similar ones) may need to be nominated for articles for deletion. Otr500 (talk) 16:21, 22 August 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Mike Douglas. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20070528123747/http://cbs3.com/topstories/Mike.Douglas.Philadelphia.2.302456.html to http://cbs3.com/topstories/Mike.Douglas.Philadelphia.2.302456.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:25, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

A lifelong Democrat.
That used to be in his main page. It explained why Mike Douglas was one of the first to welcome the Rolling Stones in America. Or,the fact that John and Yoko were frequent guests and even week long co hosts. Lennon and Douglas seemed good natured with each other. I wonder why all that was removed? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:642:4100:A1A0:289E:2142:32A4:A884 (talk) 01:15, 24 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mike Douglas


text:
Introduction to Philosophy/Logic/Nand and Nor

Introduction to Philosophy > Logic > Nand and Nor

Our connectives ¬, ∧, ∨, →, fit easily with our every day way of reasoning about things. For the reductionists out there, it turns out that we can get a single connective to do all the work of our familiar connectives. Indeed there are two ways we can do this.

The first way is using joint denial, known in electronics circles as nand. Its truth table is as follows:

A B Output 0 0   1  0 1    1  1 0    1  1 1    0

We can see that ¬p is the same as p nand p. etc. ...

The other candidate is alternative denial or nor.

Electronics people like nand and nor. I think it is because it gives them a one-size-fits-all chip, which they can connect up how they like to get the other connectives.

Is there are an advanced civilization on some distant planet that does all its reasoning using nand or nor? If so, would cause and effect ever have become a big issue for them?


text:
Vranić (surname)

Vranić (Вранић) is a Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Dušan Vranić, Bosnian musician
 * Marko Vranić (born 1978), Serbian footballer
 * Mladen Vranić (1930–2019), Croatian Canadian diabetes researcher
 * Vladimir Vranić (1896–1976), Croatian mathematician

title: Vranić (surname)


text:
Lungs (EP)

Lungs is the first EP by American punk rock band Big Black. It was released in December 1982 on Ruthless Records and was reissued in 1992 on Touch and Go Records. A 19-year-old Steve Albini played nearly every instrument on Lungs, with "sax bleats" by Albini's college friend John Bohnen and drums being handled by "Roland," a drum machine that was credited as a member of the band. The EP was used to recruit the other members of Big Black. Lungs was recorded on a TEAC 3340 loaned to Albini in exchange for a case of beer.

The original EP came with an array of objects, including loaded squirt guns, bloody pieces of paper (one of Albini's friends suffered from a nosebleed), dollar bills, condoms, concert tickets, Bruce Lee trading cards, pictures of old people and firecrackers. Things like fishhooks and razorblades were discounted, fearing lawsuits.

Track listing
All songs written by Steve Albini.

 * 1) "Steelworker" – 4:15
 * 2) "Live in a Hole" – 3:01
 * 3) "Dead Billy" – 3:28
 * 4) "I Can Be Killed" – 4:28
 * 5) "Crack" – 3:55
 * 6) "RIP" - 2:21

title: Lungs (EP)


text:
Algebra/Polynomials

With practice the concept of slope for linear functions becomes intuitive. It makes sense that the line that fits the equation $$ y=2x $$ has a steeper ascent then the line that fits the equation $$y=1/2x$$. You only have to move horizontally one unit to change your vertical direction two for the former when you graph $$ y=2x $$. How many blocks do you need to move horizontally to change your vertical direction by one for the line $$y=1/2x$$?

When we express concepts like $$y=x^2$$ the abstract behavior of what is being represented becomes a little harder to see.

A monomial of one variable, let's say x, is an algabraic expression of the form

$$ c x^m \ $$

where
 * $$c$$ is a constant, and
 * $$m$$ is a non-negative integer (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, ...).

The integer $$m$$ is called the degree of the monomial.

The idea of a monomial of degree zero appears a bit mystical since it always represents one, except when the value of the variable is set equal to zero when the result is undefined. This idea allows us preserve the value of the constant in the monomial. We know that $$cx^0$$ is always equal to $$c$$ because even though we have 0 x's (somethings) we still have a c. When x = 0 things are difficult because the value we started with, 0, represents nothing.

For a monomial of power 1 we are multiplying C by one instance of our variable. When $$ x=0 $$ we get $$c*0=0$$. When $$x \ne 0 $$ we are multiplying c by 1 x. If x is less than 1 then c gets smaller, if x is more than 1 c gets bigger. When x is between 0 and -1 c gets smaller slower, when x is less than -1 c gets smaller faster.

A monomial with power two is one that "squares" the value of x. The reference to square is because using the multiplication operation once allows us to measure area. If you have something that is one unit on each side this is called a square unit. If you divide both sides of your square unit in half, you get 4 quarter units. We represent this with math by doing the multiplication $$ 1/2 * 1/2 = 1/4 $$ Squaring something is a non-intuitive operation until you become comfortable with the graph of the function. We can see this with the story of the mathematician who was offered a reward by his king. The mathematician said he wanted a single grain of wheat, squared every day for 30 days. For the first seven days the king's servants delivered 1, 2, 4, 16, 256, 65,536 grains of wheat to the mathematician. On the seventh day the value was 4,294,967,296 (4 gig in computer terms)... Sometimes the story ends with the king re-negotiating, sometimes the story ends with the king executing the mathematician to preserve his kingdom, and sometimes the king is astute enough not to take the deal.

A monomial with power three is one that "cubes" the value of x. This is because we use the operation x*x*x to measure the volume that a given area of x*x takes up. If you have a cube that is 1 unit on each side and cut each side in half you will find that you have created 8 cubes. If the mathematician had asked to have the single grain of wheat cubed than the servants would have delivered 1, 8, 512, $$134 \times 10^6$$, $$242 \times 10^{22}$$ grains of wheat and the kings deal would have needed to be re-negotiated two days earlier.

Polynomials
A polynomial of one variable, x, is an algebraic expression that is a sum of one or more monomials. The degree of the polynomial is the highest degree of the monomials in the sum. An polynomial $$P(x)$$ can generically be expressed in the form $$P(x) = a_n x^n + ... + a_i x^i + ... a_2 x^2 + a_1 x + a_0 \ $$

or

$$\ P(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{n}a_ix^i $$

The constants ai are called the coefficients of the polynomial.

Each of the individual monomials in the above sum, whose coefficient ai ≠ 0, is called a term of the polynomial. When i = 0, xi = 1 and the corresponding term simply equals the constant ai. Also when i = 1, the corresponding term equals ai x.

A polynomial having two terms is called a binomial. A polynomial having three terms is called a trinomial.

Polynomial Equations
We refer to all functions with one independent variable as $$P(x)$$. Each instance of $$P(x)$$ can be represented by an equation (either a monomial or a polynomial) which may have one or more places where the dependent variable is equal to zero. These places are called roots and they represent the number(s) whose value(s) for x make the function $$P(x)=0$$ true. These roots are called the zeroes of the polynomial (singular is zero).

A polynomial of degree 1, will always look like a line when you graph it, and always has 1 real zero. A polynomial of degree 2, a quadratic function, can have 0, 1, or 2 real zeroes. A polynomial of degree 3 (a cubic function) can have 1 or 3 real zeroes. A polynomial of degree 4 can have 0, 2, or 4 real zeroes. Complex (unreal) zeroes, when present, always come in pairs. In general, a polynomial of degree n, where n is odd, can have from 1 to n real zeroes. A polynomial of degree n, where n is even, can have from 0 to n real zeroes.

When we graph polynomials each zero is a place where the polynomial crosses the x axis. A polynomial of degree one can be generically written as $$P(x)=Mx + C$$ where M and C can be any real number. We will see that quadratic functions are curves. The curve can bend before it ever touches the X axis in which case it has no zeroes, It can bend just as it touches the X axis, in which case it can have just one zero, or it can open up above or below the X axis in which case it will have two zeroes. If you think about this you will see that polynomials with an odd degree (1,3,5, ...) have to be positive and negative, so they have to cross the X axis at least once. Polynomials with an even degree (2,4,6,....) might always be positive or negative and never have a zero.

Normally we represent a function in the form $$ P(x) = y $$, but when we are looking for the roots of the function we want y to be equal to zero so we solve for the equation of $$ P(x) $$ where $$P(x) = 0 $$

Solving Polynomial Equations
Some polynomial equations can be solved by factoring, and all equations of degrees 1-4 can be solved completely by formulae. Above degree 4, there are no formulae for solving completely, and you must rely on numerical analysis or factoring. This means that for polynomials of degree greater than 4 it is often impossible to find exact solutions.

Rational roots of polynomial equations
Often we are interested in the rational roots of polynomials. A root is much like a factor of a number. For instance all even numbers have a factor of two. This means you can write the even numbers as two times another number. That is the numbers 2, 4, 6, 8 ... can be written as 2*1, 2*2, 2*3, 2*4 ... . This fact is helpful when you have a fraction of two even numbers. Given a fraction of two even numbers called N and M $$ N / M $$ you could reduce the fraction by re-writing it as $$ 2n / 2m $$. By keeping fractions in lowest terms it's easier to know when you can add or subtract them without looking for a common denominator.

An example of a use of a polynomial equation
There is a story that in grade school the mathematician Gauss was asked to add the numbers 1 to 100 sequentially. He is said to have intuited the sum could be expressed with the formula n(n+1)/2 and quickly gave the answer 5050. The basis of this formula is that the numbers 1 through 49 added to the numbers 99 through 51 each yield 100. It is interesting to look at how this formula works for the values 9 and 10. For 10 we add the numbers 1+9, 2+ 8, 3+ 7, 4+ 6 to get 40 and we add the two remaining terms 5 and 10 to get 55. For 9 we add the terms 1 + 8, 2 + 7, 3 + 6, 4+ 5 to get 4*9 = 36 + 9 = 45. In the first case the n + 1 is the odd number and represents adding the 10 and the middle number, the 5. In the second case the n is the odd number and the n+1 represents the sum for the preceding terms in the formula. You may or may not find stories like this intriguing based on how your personality reacts to what is known as the foundational crisis of mathematics. Learning mathematics is a lot like learning a foreign language. Some people seem more adept at learning languages than others, but with hard work learning a new language is something we can all do.

Multiplying polynomials together
When we multiply polynomials together we rely heavily on the distributive property.

For instance when we multiply 67 by 5 we can divide the equation into (60 + 7)*5 = (300 + 35) = 335. Additionally we can apply the commutative property to multiply multidigit numbers. 67*25 = (60 + 7)(20 + 5) = ((60 + 7)*20) + ((60 + 7) *5) = (60*20) + (7*20) + (60*5) + (7*5) = 1200 + 140 + 300 + 35 = 1675. These properties are the foundation for the different forms of the mechanical calculating tool the abacus.

When multiplying polynomials together we do similar operations. We use the commutative property to divide the multiplier into its component parts and multiply the multiplicant by each of these parts. For instance to multiply $$x^2 + x$$ by $$x + 1$$ we first write the multiplicand and multiplier in terms of powers of x.  This gives us $$x^2 + x + 0x^0$$ and $$x + 1x^0$$ The terms raised to the zero power represent constant integer terms in our equations. Next we apply the commutative property to rewrite the equations as $$[(x^2 + x + 0x^0)*1x^1] + [(x^2 + x + 0x^0)*1x^0]$$. We simplify these equations to be $$[x^3 + x^2 + 0x^1] + [x^2 + x + 0x^0]$$ (notice how our integer term drops out). Finally we combine like terms to get the answer x^3 + 2x^2 + x +0x^0. Let's repeat that in the more familiar columnar format of multiplication:

1x^2 + 1x^1 + 0x^0 *              1x^1 + 1x^0 --         1x^2 + 1x^1 + 0x^0 + 1x^3 + 1x^2 + 0x^1 -- = 1x^3 + 2x^2 + 1x^1 + 0x^0 = x^3 + 2x^2 + x

By breaking a polynomial into its terms

If we have a polynomial P(x) $$P(x) = a_n x^n + ... + a_i x^i + ... a_2 x^2 + a_1 x + a_0 \ $$ The only possible rational roots (roots of the form p/q) are in the form

$$\frac{p}{q}=\frac{\mbox{factor}\ \mbox{of}\ a_0}{\mbox{factor}\ \mbox{of}\ a_n} $$ (Also know as the rational root theorem, or RRT)

Binomials
binomial is a sum or difference of two monomials. These can also be called polynomials, but to specify, these are binomials.

Examples
2x + 2

2y - 7

How to factor
To factor binomials, find the greatest common factor between the terms and factor.

Example
4x + 2

The greatest common factor between these terms is 2 because both of the terms can be divided by it and the coefficient and constant is still an integer. The example factored would become:

2(2x+1)

title: Algebra/Polynomials


text:
Talk:JLPT Guide/JLPT N5 Vocabulary

Untitled
This is a must! I worked on something very similar on my own, but abandoned the work after incidentally finding this. Thanks a lot, guys. Filip Hráček

Needs moving
The test has been rescaled, and the old level 4 (that this page name references) has become level N5. The new name should be something like "JLPT Guide/JLPT N5 Vocabulary". Anyone opposed? --Astrochicken (talk) 06:56, 30 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Page was moved, thanks! --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:17, 30 November 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:JLPT Guide/JLPT N5 Vocabulary


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/shopeyard.com

Links

 * shopeyard.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 1 additions.


text:
Ada Programming/Libraries/Interfaces

The Interfaces package helps in interfacing with other programming languages. Ada is one of the few languages where interfacing with other languages is part of the language standard. The language standard defines the interfaces for C, Cobol and Fortran. Of course any implementation might define further interfaces — GNAT, for example, defines an interface to C++.

Interfacing with other languages is actually provided by, and.

In Ada 2012 these clauses have an alternate form using "with" in place of "pragma."

Example
As an example, here is a complete program that queries the terminfo (terminal information) database on Unix systems to get the dimensions of the current terminal window. It interfaces with C language functions in the ncurses package, so it must be linked with ncurses (e.g. with the -lncurses switch) when it is compiled.

;  ;   ;   ;   ctest Interfaces.C;    int_array   (size_t  <>)   int  Pack; Int_Pointers  Pointers (      Index              => size_t,      Element            => int,      Element_Array      => int_array,      Default_Terminator => 0    ); Get_Terminal_Data (     terminal           : Interfaces.C.Strings.chars_ptr;       file_descriptor    : int;       error_code_pointer : Int_Pointers.Pointer    )  int Import => True, Convention => C, External_Name => "setupterm"; Get_Numeric_Value (name : Interfaces.C.Strings.chars_ptr) int Import => True, Convention => C, External_Name => "tigetnum"; Format (value : int) String result : String := int'Image (value); (if result(1) = ' ' then result(2..result'Last) else result); Format; error_code        :  int; error_code_pointer : Int_Pointers.Pointer := error_code'Access; Get_Terminal_Data (Interfaces.C.Strings.Null_Ptr, 1, error_code_pointer) = 0 Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line (       "Window size: " &        Format (Get_Numeric_Value (Interfaces.C.Strings.New_String ("cols"))) & "x" &         Format (Get_Numeric_Value (Interfaces.C.Strings.New_String ("lines")))      ); Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Can't access terminal data"); ;  ctest;

Child Packages

 * Interfaces.C
 * Interfaces.C.Extensions (GNAT)
 * Interfaces.C.Pointers
 * Interfaces.C.Streams (GNAT)
 * Interfaces.C.Strings
 * Interfaces.CPP (GNAT)
 * Interfaces.COBOL
 * Interfaces.Fortran
 * Interfaces.OS2Lib (GNAT, OS/2)
 * Interfaces.OS2Lib.Errors (GNAT, OS/2)
 * Interfaces.OS2Lib.Synchronization (GNAT, OS/2)
 * Interfaces.OS2Lib.Threads (GNAT, OS/2)
 * Interfaces.Packed_Decimal (GNAT)
 * Interfaces.VxWorks (GNAT, VxWorks)
 * Interfaces.VxWorks.IO (GNAT, VxWorks)

Wikibook

 * Ada Programming
 * Ada Programming/Libraries
 * Ada Programming/Libraries/Standard
 * Ada Programming/Libraries/Ada
 * Ada Programming/Libraries/System

Ada 2005

|Interfaces

Programación en Ada/Unidades predefinidas/Interfaces

title: Ada Programming/Libraries/Interfaces


text:
Talk:Timeless universe

Untitled
Please help with formatting and formalities, all the major points of the article covered in the references. There is a lot of work to be done to examine all of the many scholars who have done work upon this since Mach, and I am certain the history section can be greatly expanded as well. Also notice that "paradoxa" and "phenomena" are the correct plural forms, and that "Aetios" and "Stobaios" are also accepted spellings. I know Latin, Greek, German and English and have checked the German/English sources for accuracy, everything should be fine.

I also want to stress that I have absolutely no acquaintance or connection with any of the people mentioned in the article who are currently living.

Flawed Argument
This article does not sufficiently differentiate a "timeless universe" from eternalism. The space-time of relativity is an eternalistic model as it includes a measurable time, and Gödel's work showed to Einstein that general relativity was incompatible with our "intuitive time"; not that there was no time at all.

No argument over time can attribute it to being "exclusively a human illusion" since any conscious entity perceives time. This anthropocentric statement needs to be rephrased.

Similarly with it being a "human illusions caused by our ordering of observable phenomena". Any ordering of change events -- whether considered to be in an ever-progressing present moment, or in the only possible present moment (different interpretations of presentism) -- automatically leads to a conceptual extent over which such change is manifest. For a given observer, events can be collated and their separations can be quantified and compared. This makes temporal extent as real as spatial extent, and is arguably the essence of time (cf. several philosophical works).TonyP (talk) 13:49, 17 December 2023 (UTC)

 * For a given observer, events can be collated and their separations can be quantified and compared. This makes temporal extent as real as spatial extent, and is arguably the essence of time (cf. several philosophical works).
 * This might be the essence of time, but it also might not be. The timeless universe theory seems to differ from other time theories, such as variants of "eternalism" and "presentism", by permitting no dimension of time at all. So I guess it could be a variant of "presentism" (but which variant then?), but not sure how you get to a similarity with "eternalism". Descriptions of variants of both presentism and eternalism all seemingly attempt to explain what past, present, future really represent, the timeless universe simply dispenses with their existence as altogether illusory/unnecessary. (This results in a kind of "eternal present" but the kinds of presentism I find described in works upon the subject seem altogether different from Mach's universe.)
 * You and I may personally disagree with that approach but it certainly does differentiate it from the other approaches, such as the A or B series interpretations of McTaggart, or attempts to reconcile it with space-time theory in various ways.
 * But I think your criticism that this article does not sufficiently differentiate is very valid in a general sense. There should be some detailed/systematic classification of these theories and their many variants. Barbour offers differentiation between a "timeless classical Machian universe" and his own proposed timeless universe (The End of Time, p. 120) but I can't find any publication where an overview or general classification scheme has been attempted.
 * No argument over time can attribute it to being "exclusively a human illusion" since any conscious entity perceives time. This anthropocentric statement needs to be rephrased.
 * That statement that "any conscious entity perceives time" is unfalsifiable/unverifiable, as we could never interview say an ape and get any useful answer regarding whether they "perceive time", or what they might think this time to be which they hypothetically might perceive. This will remain so, at least until contact were made with an extra-terrestrial intelligence capable of advanced conversation, or until such conversation with any animal species were achieved. A degree of perception of cause and effect and hence event orders based upon memory imprints can only be evidence for that statement if the existence of time is accepted a priori, it appears to be begging the question. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:36, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * That statement that "any conscious entity perceives time" is unfalsifiable/unverifiable, as we could never interview say an ape and get any useful answer regarding whether they "perceive time", or what they might think this time to be which they hypothetically might perceive. This will remain so, at least until contact were made with an extra-terrestrial intelligence capable of advanced conversation, or until such conversation with any animal species were achieved. A degree of perception of cause and effect and hence event orders based upon memory imprints can only be evidence for that statement if the existence of time is accepted a priori, it appears to be begging the question. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:36, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Timeless universe


text:
User:Lovemorejohn

Bang!Gae is a Motswana independent record label owned and founded by Tshepo Moanakwena in April 2011. The label houses notable acts including Young Black and Chrome Hydrauliks.

title: User:Lovemorejohn


text:
Talk:Donald Fehr

Untitled
Is he related to Eric Fehr?TurtleMelody (talk) 15:49, 30 August 2010 (UTC) "Fehr has since taken up the job of slaying jewish pigs, such as Gary Bettman. Fehr's weapon of choice is the Jewish Schlong Gun which shoots radiocative jizz at the persons face." Seriously offensive. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:28, 3 January 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Donald Fehr


text:
Talk:Bruce Whiteman

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Bruce Whiteman. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120522212225/http://triquarterly.org/bios/bruce-whiteman to http://triquarterly.org/bios/bruce-whiteman
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120401182156/http://lareviewofbooks.org/post/13252272696/a-serious-man-whose-love-will-last to http://lareviewofbooks.org/post/13252272696/a-serious-man-whose-love-will-last

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:26, 26 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bruce Whiteman


text:
socialized medicine

Noun

 * 1) Any system of government-run health care.

Usage notes

 * In US politics, this is a politically charged term used to contrast such systems with free market alternatives and to emphasize the perceived link to socialism.

title: socialized medicine


text:
Harry Else

Harry Elmo "Speed" Else (January 9, 1906 – December 28, 1986) was an American baseball catcher and pitcher in the Negro leagues. He played from 1932 to 1940 with several teams, including the Kansas City Monarchs and the Chicago American Giants. He played for the West in the 1936 East-West All-Star Game.

title: Harry Else


text:
Do women and men think differently?

Can differences in behavior between men and women be traced to biological differences in their brains?

Reading

 * male and female mate choice by Andy Lock, et al.
 * Kruger, D.J., Fisher, M., & Jobling, I. Proper and dark heroes as dads and cads: Alternative mating strategies in British Romantic literature (2003) Human Nature, 14, 305-317.
 * Normal Sexual Dimorphism of the Adult Human Brain Assessed by In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging by Jill M. Goldstein, et al.
 * Brain response to putative pheromones in homosexual men by Ivanka Savic, Hans Berglund, and Per Lindström
 * G Helman Ceil, (2007) Culture, Health and Illness, Medical School, London

Discussion

 * Are there real differences between male and female human behaviors or just mythical stereotypes?
 * Are there differences in the structure of male and female brains?
 * Is there so much variation in human brains that differences between brains of average human males and average females are insignificant?
 * How can we determine which behavioral differences between men and women are due to culture and which are due to biology?

title: Do women and men think differently?


text:
Talk:Don Hertzfeldt

This Article Needs a Picture of the Person
Everyone is already going to know or at least have an idea of what Rejected is when they look up this article. I'm quite frankly more curious about the man himself. — Preceding unsigned comment added by UberMan5000 (talk • contribs) 03:39, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Done! --Rubberducky 13:34, 16 November 2006 (EST)

Error in Reflist
The reflist lists the bitter films faq twice. Don't know how to fix, personaly. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:53, 11 February 2007 (UTC).

 * Also, it looks like the bitter films double listing is messing up the numbering for the citations in the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:19, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

POV check
I just saw Everything Will be OK, was bowled over, but this page reads like a overly adoring fan page. Statements which violate NPOV include: Furthermore, the only "references" are the filmmaker's site FAQ. Independent sources are needed (and should be eeeaaasy to find, for awards nominations, etc. -- check IMDb, et al).
 * The popularity of his work is unprecedented in the history of independent animation...
 * ...is well-known there, though is something of a recluse...
 * The enormous popularity of his films ...

If you're a frequent contributor here, please take steps to improve this filmmaker's page by removing biased statements, weasel words, and add sufficient independent, reliable sources. David Spalding ( ☎   ✉   ✍  ) 18:46, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi David,
 * I agree and disagree with you. I too wish there were more citations though please note that this article has eight links to interviews, where much of this information is corroborated beyond the filmmaker's FAQ. Additionally, on other filmmaker's Wiki pages I do not see citations for basic facts like awards and nominations. If there is anything specifically that you feel requires a citation please let me know and if I wrote it, I'll dig up my reference.
 * I'll correct a few of those POV statements. There is one you noted that I disagree with:
 * The popularity of his work is unprecedented in the history of independent animation. As an armchair animation historian I strongly believe this to be fact, as do many in the animation community. I'm not aware of any other independent animator in history who has received such a large and devoted following, not even Bill Plympton. So I do not believe this statement is a personal opinion. But if you have a suggestion on how to make it sound less "adoring" :) please let me know.  Sleepyjuly 20:29, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Hello, while I am a fan of Hertzfeldt's, this article is still incredibly POV. The most striking example is the following: "Hertzfeldt is one of few independent filmmakers who could be considered a true auteur." The rest of the paragraph is fine, but I would strongly suggest it being removed.
 * I also agree with David regarding "The popularity of his work is unprecedented in the history of independent animation. Sorry Sleepyjuly, but I don't believe that your strong belief that it is fact justifies the statement in a wikipedia article. If we could have some sort of reference: the profit of the films, a survey, something. I am fine with it being said that his films are commonly referenced in pop culture - there are many examples of that given in the article. But unprecedented popularity? There is a LOT of iconic animation from the same period (and earlier, of course). I'd need to see some proof that "Ah, L'Amour" is more popular or even well-known than "Bambi vs. Godzilla" among the general population. I'd like proof that it's more popular among animation fans than "Fritz the Cat." I don't think that the phrase belongs there in its current form. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:54, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree, some of the language is a bit fangirlish but I also agree with the points they're trying to make. In movies the definition of an auteur is an artist who wears more than one hat and carries most of the creative responsibilities. In the text this statement about H being an auteur is followed up with the following statement that he alone tends to write, direct, animate, produce, do the sound, composes music, et cetera for his movies. Most directors do not do all of this. Maybe the two statements in the article should be combined into one sentence so the connection is more obvious? I'll do this now.
 * As for the popularity of his work statement, it could stand to be reworded maybe but I also think it's true. Just the most recent YouTube copies of H's cartoons have millions of views alone and bear in mind I believe those copies are illegal and are regularly removed. So who knows how many tens of millions have shared them, they've been spread online by fans like memes for years and were in movie theaters and dvds for years before that.  By comparison, "Fritz the Cat" is a historic footnote for being X rated but it never came close to carrying the same audience or popularity as something like "Rejected", "Billys Balloon" or "Oh L'amour" (in the Internet age, how could it?).  "Bambi vs Godzilla" is an excellent example,  that's a comparably huge independent cartoon.  But "Bambi vs Godzilla" is just one cartoon, and I believe the author is referring to the enduring popularity of H's entire body of work.  Film-for-film I'm hard-pressed to come up with another independent animator who compares in audience and fandom. I agree that this kind of statement's hard to quantify but it's probably an important sentiment to keep in the article.  <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:06, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

These POV issues have remained for over 3 years, looking at the dates on these comments. I added the NPOV template to the page in hopes it will attract attention of a more experienced editor. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 09:24, 27 November 2010 (UTC).

 * Not true. The three disputed statements listed above are no longer in the article, or have been given proper citations.  Were you referring to something specific?  <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:57, 27 November 2010 (UTC)

DVD Details?
As it stands, the section of this article discussing Don's DVD box set reads like an advertisement for said product. I'm not sure it's in the scope of this encyclopedia to provide a detailed list of everything available on that DVD... anyone intrigued by the DVD could easily find the information on Hertzfeldt's homepage. Are there any objections to paring down the length of the DVD section somewhat? Also, some mention should be made there of the availability of several of his shorts on the Animation Show DVD collections. Just my two cents. Bobhobbit 07:17, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi Bob,
 * That information is actually no different than the DVD release details you can find on many other Wikipedia pages for movies or directors. To see another example, check out:
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Texas_Chain_Saw_Massacre
 * Sleepyjuly 07:20, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

biography details
Hjal: Personally, I don't see how Hertzfeldt's opinion of his grammar school has any  relevance here, or to his filmmaking. Let's try and keep this page focused. I think that bio/early years section is now complete. If you disagree please explain here before making further changes, thanks

Sleepyjuly 07:32, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

Spike and Mike's Festival of Animation
I was surprised to see no mention of Herzfeldt's relationship with Spike and Mike's. Unless I'm mistaken, S&M is how "Rejected" was distributed and achieved such popularity, and Hertzfeldt now refuses to work with them. Could somebody with more information add something about this? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:57, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure about this, do you have a source? I'm pretty sure the cartoon played in hundreds of film festivals and animtion programs, so it might be strange to credit just one as making it popular. If anything I'd have guessed the Oscar nod is what did that. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:09, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

Arcade Fire
I heard that Me was intended for We (Arcade Fire album), but I can't find reliable sources. Is it true? -- Error (talk) 01:18, 20 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Don Hertzfeldt


text:
Paper Wings and Halo

Paper Wings and Halo is the debut studio album by country/folk singer-songwriter Lori McKenna. While most of the album was recorded at Humming Lake Studios, a couple of the tracks were recorded from live performances. It was reissued in 2002 with three bonus tracks that were recorded live at Fox Run Concerts, though it doesn't include the track "Borrow Me."

Track listing
All songs by Lori McKenna, except where noted.

 * 1) "As I Am" - 3:25
 * 2) "What's One More Time" - 4:04
 * 3) "Paper Wings and Halo" - 4:34
 * 4) "Ruby's Shoes" - 4:23
 * 5) "Would You Love Me Then" - 4:38
 * 6) "Hardly Speaking a Word" - 4:54
 * 7) "It's Easy When You Smile" - 3:28
 * 8) "Paying the Price" (Bob Giroux) - 5:18
 * 9) "Swallows Me Whole" - 4:13
 * 10) "Don't Tell Her" - 5:03
 * 11) "Holy Water" - 3:24
 * 12) "Never Be Back" - 4:29
 * 13) "Borrow Me" - 5:10

2002 re-issue bonus tracks
1. "Not In This Life" - 4:23

2. "Josephine" - 4:48

3. "Paper Wings and Halo" - 5:38
 * Recorded live at Fox Run Concerts

Personnel

 * Lori McKenna - lead and backing vocals, acoustic guitar, songwriter
 * Megan Toohey - electric guitar, backing vocals
 * Kris Delmhorst - cello, backing vocals
 * Seth Connelly - producer, engineer, acoustic/electric guitars, mandolin, keyboard, bass,
 * Neale Eckstein - engineer, mixing
 * Steve Friedman - engineer
 * Henk Kooistra - editing, mastering
 * Dana J White - mastering

title: Paper Wings and Halo


text:
Ryoko Yano

Ryoko Yano (矢野良子, born 20 December 1978) is a Japanese basketball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Awards

 * Women's Japan Basketball League
 * Play off MVP（2003-04,2007-08）
 * Season MVP（2006-07,2009-10）

title: Ryoko Yano


text:
Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christian Theology/Gifts of the Spirit

(Outline)
 * Tongues
 * Prophecy
 * Revelation
 * Visions
 * Healing
 * Interpretation of tongues
 * Others


text:
Joseph Witterwulghe

Joseph Witterwulghe (1 November 1883 – 1967) was a Belgian sculptor. His work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

title: Joseph Witterwulghe


text:
Talk:GeoSafari

Recently featured
This game (and article!) were recently featured on Technology Connections. Thanks to the editors who have already repaired the error which our illustrious host pointed out. Elizium23 (talk) 03:34, 11 February 2021 (UTC)

 * For the relationship with National Geograhic I can't find the book reference I did however find https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/geo-safari-national-geographic-1622362667 Which the text says it was, however the pictures of the box suggest that it included 20 maps created by National Geographic. I suspect the "created by National Geographic" labelling is being taken out of context of the the "includes 20 maps" part. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:57, 11 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:GeoSafari


text:
Movie Making Manual/Exhibition of Music Videos

=Distribution=

DVDs
One of the most exciting new areas for filmmakers with a strong visual style is the music/video DVD. Warp records are leading the way here - producing pieces of work that can only be described and visionary. DVDs where the music and the visuals have been developed together, not one after the other.

=Exhibition=

London

 * NFT and XFM's "Antenna" (annual)
 * Soho Rushes film festival

New York
/Sales and exhibition /Music videos


text:
Bolshoy Log, Altai Krai

Bolshoy Log (Большой Лог) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Zakovryashinsky Selsoviet, Krutikhinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 93 as of 2013. There is 1 street.

Geography
Bolshoy Log is located 16 km southwest of Krutikha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zakovryashino is the nearest rural locality.

title: Bolshoy Log, Altai Krai


text:
sıçramak

Etymology
From, probably a derivation of , whence also.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Verb

 * 1) to spring (jump or leap)
 * 2)  to splash, to plash

title: sıçramak


text:
Talk:Wee Tam and the Big Huge

Fair use rationale for Image:Wee Tam.jpg
Image:Wee Tam.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 03:13, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Song title "Douglas Traherne Harding"
According to the Independent obituary, the mystical philosopher Douglas Harding, about whom this song appears to be, was "Douglas Edison Harding". I don't know whether, how or where this information should be included in the main article. truthordare (talk) 20:58, 11 September 2014 (UTC)

Is the Circle Unbroken
Is this really "trad"? I've never heard it, the lyrics seem like Williamson's and not like trad lyrics (although of course his lyrics resemble trad lyrics), there's no record of it anywhere I can find other than by ISB... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:82:8200:2162:D180:B7D6:D671:EF63 (talk) 20:51, 12 June 2018 (UTC)

Two Albums Combined? ...or One Album Later Split Up?
This article speaks repeatedly of a single album named Wee Tam and the Big Huge. I was first exposed to Wee Tam and The Big Huge as two separate albums recorded during the same time period but which were later combined into a single double-album package. It makes a big difference. Which is the case? Is it verifiable? rowley (talk) 08:07, 5 December 2018 (UTC)
 * As the article says, "In the UK, the album was released as a double LP, but in the U.S. the album was released individually as Wee Tam and The Big Huge." That statement may not be fully referenced here but it is certainly correct.  I remember it.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 10:33, 5 December 2018 (UTC)

 * I believe it's more complicated than that; I had a copy of The Big Huge that was bought in the UK (and it wasn't an import). I know the double was initially released in the UK as Wee Tam and |The Big Huge, so I suppose that the two separate albums were later released as separates in the UK, just as in the US.
 * I would dearly love to receive a digital copy of either the double or the two single albums for Christmas! My vinyl copy of The Big Huge was stolen by the USPS in 1996; I never had a copy of Wee Tam. But I'm not aware that either has been released digitally (I no longer have vinyl reproduction equipment). MrDemeanour (talk) 14:07, 5 December 2018 (UTC)
 * In the UK, they are available both as CDs and downloads. Ghmyrtle (talk) 16:04, 5 December 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wee Tam and the Big Huge


text:
Physics with Calculus/Introduction/Physics

What is physics? Why study physics? Physics, before everything else, is an experimental science, as are many branches of natural and physical sciences. When physicists study a phenomenon, they first observe a pattern in nature, develop a hypothesis how the pattern occurs, and test the hypothesis by experiment. Thus experiment is the sole judge of all scientific truth. This is in contrast to how mathematics or some branches of philosophy works, where one starts out with axioms, or self-evident truths, and proceed by means of logics.

For example, after observing the motion of falling objects, Galileo Galilei hypothesized that the time it takes for an object to fall is independent of its weight. Then he tested his hypothesis, according to legend, by dropping two equal-sized, equal-shaped objects, one made of metal and the other of wood, from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Also, after observing the motion of a hanging lamp, how, as it moved back and forth, the time it took to complete one oscillation was constant, he made an hypothesis that a period, the time taken for one oscillation, of a pendulum is independent of the amplitude, how large the swing is, and he also tested this hypothesis by measuring the period with pendulums swinging with different amplitudes, everything else being equal. In fact, his invention hinging on this hypothesis is the now well-known grandfather clock.

Note that the observation or the testing of the hypothesis required an accurate measure of time and distance. We will soon come back to this topic in Part 0.

Then, since this is how all science works, how is physics different from other sciences? One thing that separates physics is that the consistent goal of physics is to discover the fundamental laws governing our universe. Instead of simply stating, "The time it takes an object to fall is independent of its weight," a physicist looks for a deeper underlying pattern that explains this observation and other similar occurences in nature as well (and in this case, that underlying pattern is Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation). For this reason, some describe physics as "reverse engineering the universe."

This is what separates physics from other sciences, and what makes it necessary for all scientists and engineers, not just the students planning on pursuing a career in physics, to learn physics.

Previous: Physics with Calculus/Introduction/Textbook Top: Introductions Next: Measurements Alternative: Introduction for Engineers Alternative: Introduction for Chemists Alternative: Introduction for Geologists Alternative: Introduction for Biologists


text:
Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Detailing Your Simple Person 1

Few real-life objects have perfectly sharp edges. People, in particular, consist of mainly smooth surfaces. How does one model a smooth object using flat faces and sharp edges?

In this module, you'll learn how to smooth a mesh by using subsurfaces and smooth shading.

You'll need the simple person model from the previous module. If you haven't done it, either go back and do it now or download the pre-made model from.

If the model doesn't look solid, your Viewport Shading setting may be set to Wireframe. To switch to Solid shading:
 * 1) Activate the 3D View window.
 * 2) Press.

Subsurfaces
So far, all the meshes you've created have had sharp edges, giving them a faceted appearance like that of a cut diamond. To model a smooth object (like a human body) you might think you need a huge number of vertices and faces. partly solves this problem by automatically subdividing a mesh into a finer mesh suitable for smooth rendering.

You subsurface in Blender by adding a to an existing mesh object. A is simply an algorithm (automatic process) which can be added to an object. (Blender modifiers are analogous to Photoshop adjustment layers.)

To get started, make sure Blender is in Object Mode, with only the simple person object selected:
 * 1) If Blender is in Edit Mode, press.
 * 2) To select the simple person, on it.

To add a subsurf modifier to the selected object:
 * 1) Click on the modifiers tab (wrench icon) in the Properties window.
 * 2) Add Modifier → Subdivision Surface.

You could also add subsurf modifier by pressing.

The object's appearance should immediately become more faceted and more rounded. In addition, several subsurface controls will appear in the Modifiers tab.

The model may include some double vertices. To get rid of these:
 * 1) Edit the model in Vertex select mode.
 * 2) Select all vertices.
 * 3) Mesh → Vertices → Remove Double
 * 4) Try again.

You need to look in to upgrading (or possibly even downgrading) your graphics drivers. Having the right graphics driver can avert many problems.

What just happened? The default subsurf modifier (one level of Catmull-Clark) subdivided each face of the object into four smaller faces that are progressively angled. This softened the sharp edges of the original model where faces met at 90-degree angles.

Controls
For this model, one level of subsurf isn't quite enough. To increase the number of levels to two, just increase the number in the text box directly underneath Subdivisions. The View setting controls the number of subdivision levels visible in the viewport. This is very useful when you have a high-poly scene, just decrease the number of visible subdivisions to speed up viewport action.

You can specify additional levels of subsurfing to be used during renders. For extra smooth renders, you might want three levels of subsurfing. Set this with the Render control immediately below the View control.

The Apply button applies the modifier to the mesh. Do not click it yet. We'll be playing with the model a bit longer before we apply the changes. While useful with some modifiers, applying a subsurf modifier produces a very complex mesh, and there's no need to do so here.

Remember that you can undo any accidental modifications with.

Blender can combine a series of modifiers by them. For this reason, the Modifier tab includes buttons for arranging and removing modifiers.

You can hide edges created by the modifier by activating the Optimal Display toggle button. The effect is especially clear with the Wireframe draw type.

You can edit the mesh in modified form (without actually applying the modifier) by activating the Adjust edit cage to modifier toggle button, a small button with a triangle and vertices, to the left of the Up/Down arrows (the arrows are for changing the position of the modifier in the stack) in the Modifier panel.

Try this out:
 * 1) Press  to enter Edit mode.
 * 2) Make sure Blender is in Vertex select mode.
 * Note that the vertices no longer lie on the surface of the object.
 * 1) Activate the Adjust edit cage to modifier button.
 * Now all vertices lie on the surface of the object, and you can adjust the (modified) vertices directly. However, any additional vertices created by the modifier cannot be directly edited without applying the modifier.

You will be editing the boxy version of the simple person awhile longer, so before continuing, deactivate the Apply modifier to editing cage during Editmode button.

Smooth Shading
Subsurfaces do a good job of smoothing out corners in meshes. Even with two levels of subsurfaces, however, the simple person does not look completely smooth; when viewed close up, it has a scaly appearance. This is because each face is —shaded to resemble a flat surface—resulting in sudden changes in brightness at most edges. For a smooth object, you want, which smooths out the changes in brightness.

 * 1) Go to Object Mode.
 * 2) Set the draw type of a 3D View window to "Solid".
 * 3) Select your subsurfed object.
 * 4) In the Toolshelf on the left, look for a caption called Shading. Under it should be a button called Smooth.
 * All the mesh edges will be smoothed out, leaving no sudden changes in brightness. The faces blend smoothly into one another, making the edges nearly invisible. If the icosphere has not smoothed properly and is dimpled, enter Edit Mode by pressing , select all vertices (A) and recalculate the normal direction (CTRL+N). This is also available in the Toolshelf under Normals.
 * 1) Click the other button under Shading in the Toolshelf, named 'Flat'.
 * The edges will reappear. Now you know the difference between Flat and Smooth.
 * 1) Since the model looks better with smooth shading, click  on the "Smooth" button again.

Note that if you didn't have subsurf enabled, then the mesh wouldn't look much different. This is because smooth shading doesn't affect the mesh shape, it just changes how the computer draws the triangles.

Smooth shading also removes a lot of definition. A good way to get rid of this is simply to add a subsurf modifier like you just did. The modifier will not only require fewer vertices, but add definition.

Save your work. You will continue refining this model in the next module.

Additional Resources

 * For more about modifiers, see
 * For more about Blender subsurfaces, see.


text:
User:IBB~enwikibooks

 *<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Email me!]
 * My contributions in the PHP book:
 * The "functions" section
 * The "Commenting and style" section
 * "count" + "Other Keys" in the arrays section
 * Initial "PHP with mySQL" section(needs a lot of work).
 * To anyone who had to clear my spelling mistakes after me, I apologize, I'm not a native English speaker.

title: User:IBB~enwikibooks


text:
hellittää

Verb

 * 1) to loosen to make less tight
 * 2) to release
 * 3) to ease up to become more relaxed
 * 4) to ease up to reduce the speed
 * 5) to abate, subside, calm to lessen in force or intensity
 * 6) to break of a storm or spell of weather, to end
 * 7)  to give up
 * 1) to ease up to reduce the speed
 * 2) to abate, subside, calm to lessen in force or intensity
 * 3) to break of a storm or spell of weather, to end
 * 4)  to give up
 * 1) to break of a storm or spell of weather, to end
 * 2)  to give up
 * 1)  to give up

title: hellittää


text:
Hugh Cameron (artist)

Hugh Cameron RSA RSW (1835–1918) was a Scottish artist. He specialised in figurative scenes. He exhibited in both the Royal Academy and Royal Scottish Academy from 1871.

Life
He was born in Edinburgh on 4 August 1835, the eldest son of John Cameron (b.1790) and his wife Isabella Armstrong (b.1800). He was apprenticed to an architect in 1849. In the same year, he began classes at the Trustees Academy. He showed a flair for art and took additional classes under Robert Scott Lauder.

In 1878 he co-founded the Scottish Society of Painters in Watercolour. In 1880 he was sharing a house and studio at 12 Queen Street, Edinburgh with George Hay RSA. This is an outstanding and prestigious property.

In 1900 he was living at 8 Merchiston Place. In 1910 he was living at 45 George Square, Edinburgh, a close neighbour to Percy Portsmouth.

He died at the home of his married daughter, Isabella Armstrong Archibald, on Spottiswoode Street in Edinburgh on 15 July 1918 and is buried in Grange Cemetery in south Edinburgh.

Family
In 1877 he was married to Jessie Thomson Anderson (1846-1905) of Glasgow widow of Alexander Allan. His son Hugh S Cameron was also an artist.

Known works

 * Going to the Hay (1858)
 * Holding the Skein (1883)
 * The Go-Cart (1885)
 * The spinning Lesson (1885)
 * Old Man and Boy with Harp (1890)
 * The Highlander's Farewell

title: Hugh Cameron (artist)


text:
Northern Arizona University/Philosophy of Law/Wikibook/Constitutional law papers: vol. 1

Table of contents:

/Chapter 1: The power of factions/


text:
John Gilroy (film editor)

John M. Gilroy (born June 24, 1959) is an American film editor whose work includes Michael Clayton, The Bourne Legacy, Warrior, Pacific Rim, Nightcrawler and Suicide Squad.

Life and career
Gilroy was born in 1959 in Santa Monica, California. He is the son of Ruth Dorothy (Gaydos), a sculptor and writer, and Frank D. Gilroy, a filmmaker. He is the twin brother of screenwriter-director Dan Gilroy and the brother of screenwriter-director Tony Gilroy. He has a daughter, Carolyn, born in 1990.

John did not originally plan to enter the film industry. He studied government at Dartmouth College with the intention of continuing on to attend law school, but eventually decided to pursue a career in film rather than law. He moved to New York City, where he worked as a bartender for two years before landing his first job as an assistant editor under Rick Shaine on the 1984 adaptation of Herb Gardner's play The Goodbye People. He was an editorial assistant on several films made throughout the 1980s, including Francis Ford Coppola's Peggy Sue Got Married (1986) and Gardens of Stone (1987). His first film as the primary editor was The Luckiest Man in the World (1989), which was written and directed by his father.

Gilroy also edited films including Billy Madison (1995), Shadow Magic (2000), Suspect Zero (2004) and Trust the Man (2005). He worked with his brother Tony Gilroy, a screenwriter and director, for the first time on Tony's film Michael Clayton (2007). The film received seven Academy Award nominations and John's editing was nominated for a BAFTA Award and an American Cinema Editors Eddie Award. John and Tony later collaborated on Duplicity (2009) and The Bourne Legacy (2012). In 2014 John worked with his other brother, fraternal twin Dan Gilroy, also a screenwriter and director, as the editor of Nightcrawler, for which he was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Editing. He has edited films for every member of his immediate family—his father and both brothers—except his mother. He has also worked often with director Gavin O'Connor, and edited Phillip Noyce's Salt (2010) and Guillermo del Toro's Pacific Rim (2013).

title: John Gilroy (film editor)


text:
Talk:Christian Allhusen

Public Domain portrait available
There is a 1906 article about Allhusen which includes a portrait here, on page 232, which should be in the public domain based on the date of publication. Perhaps an editor with the necessary skills can confirm the public domain status and copy/upload the image to Commons so it can be used in the article. Geoff | Who, me? 14:53, 27 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Christian Allhusen


text:
абаносов

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1)  ebony; ebon
 * 2) having qualities befitting of ebony: hard lustrous-black

title: абаносов