text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Clint Eastwood in the 1960s

The result was Delete. The result was Delete. There is clear consensus here that the page shouldn't exist. There is a reasonable argument, not refuted, that some of the material may need to be merged. There is the obvious fact that all the material cannot be merged. Therefore, consider this a "delete", but with a delay involved so that any necessary merging can be done beforehand. Once this has been handled to everyone's satisfaction, tag the page for speedy deletion, and link this discussion. As an aside, while it is true that AfD is not the best place to request a merger, a merger is a reasonable outcome at AfD, and the entirely of this page is obviously not viable for a merger. !voting to keep for procedural reasons isn't really a !vote to keep. Linking a bunch of tangentially related guidelines is not helpful. Vanamonde (Talk) 14:58, 1 October 2019 (UTC)

Clint Eastwood in the 1960s

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Redundant and non-encyclopedic. No other major actor (e.g., see Al Pacino and Dustin Hoffman has multiple pages covering each film in depth. In any case, everything in the film summary below is covered in the film article itself. — btphelps (talk to me) (what I've done) 05:11, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Actors and filmmakers-related deletion discussions. — btphelps (talk to me) (what I've done) 05:11, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Speedy Keep It's this discussion that is redundant and non-encyclopedic.  Clint Eastwood is obviously a huge topic but we don't need six more pages to discuss how best to organise it.  See WP:ATD; WP:BEFORE; WP:LIGHTBULB; WP:NOTPAPER; WP:PRESERVE; &c. Andrew D. (talk) 16:02, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep Large topic, and an example of what articles we should have. Dimadick (talk) 16:05, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Excessive details running riot, e.g. "... Eastwood's wife Maggie came over for a visit. She found time to take a break in Toledo, Segovia and Madrid and regularly read Time magazine." Well, whoop dee doo. This is more appropriate for a book than a Wikipedia article. Clarityfiend (talk) 19:33, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete This level of detail works with a book, not an encyclopedia article.John Pack Lambert (talk) 21:57, 27 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete/Merge Absurd level of detail. The main Clint Eastwood is quite comprehensive already and this is not an appropriate use of splitting and summary style. Just direct readers to the single book this is wholly sourced to, don't turn this into an entire book by itself. Reywas92Talk 00:58, 1 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep per Andrew Davidson. This is an editorial problem snd should never have been brought to AFD. These articles should have been tagged for merger, and then discussed at Talk:Clint Eastwood in order to go about that business in the propper manner. Obviously, there should not be this many pages about Clint Eastwood, but there's a lot of material here that could be of some value, either in the film articles or weeded down to a few additions to improve the central article. I strongly urge an admin to close this discussion and direct the nominator to tag the articles for merger and begin a merger conversation with editors interested in tackling what would be a fairly large collaborative project. There are too many editoriall decisions to be made here to be simply solved by an AFD.4meter4 (talk) 04:45, 1 October 2019 (UTC)


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User:BrinnLocked

Hi, i'm BrinnLocked!

(If you want to talk to me, I only talk on my Spanish Page)

I do mainly edits for ESC and JESC.

Joined 19th September 2017.

Languages

Musical Preferences

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:BrinnLocked


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Alan Wurtzel

Alan Wurtzel is an American businessman, author, speaker, and philanthropist. He spent 13 years as CEO of Circuit City before retiring in 1986. He now acts as trustee for the Phillips Collection and the Chesapeake Bay Foundation.

Career
Wurtzel received a B.A. from Oberlin College in 1955 and a J.D. from Yale Law School. He joined Circuit City in 1966 as vice president of legal affairs and then was CEO from 1972 to 1986. He was chairman of the board from 1984 to 1994 and vice-chairman from 1994 to 2001. Circuit City was profiled as one of the eleven companies in Jim Collins' 2001 book Good to Great. Wurtzel sold all of his Circuit City Stock in 2000, and left the company in 2001. Under his leadership, the company grew to be the best performing Fortune 500 Company for any fifteen-year period between 1965 and 1995.

Wurtzel was director of Dollar Tree Stores, Inc., retiring from the board in 2009, and from 1989 to 1996, was on the board of Office Depot. He has been an active investor in startup companies and remains on the board of two privately held companies.

On October 9, 2012, Wurtzel released his book on the history of Circuit City, Good to Great to Gone, with Diversion Books.

Personal life
Since retiring from Circuit City, Wurtzel has split his time between commercial and non-profit activities. Early on, much of his time was devoted to higher education and K-12 educational reform. He was a trustee of Virginia Commonwealth University where he endowed a professorship in memory of his father, a member of the Virginia State Board of Education and the State Council for Higher Education. He was also a director of not-for-profit standards-based education policy organizations including New American Schools, National Center on Education and the Economy, and the Council for Basic Education. As a member of Virginia's State Board of Education, he actively participated in the formulation and adoption of the current Standards of Learning program.

Currently, Wurtzel is a trustee of The Phillips Collection, where he has been active in developing its expansion and investment plans; the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, an environmental group that works to protect the Bay; the Brady Campaign, a gun violence prevention organization, and his alma mater Oberlin College.

He is married to the playwright Irene Rosenberg Wurtzel, and has three grown children. He lives in Washington, D.C. and Delaplane, Virginia.

title: Alan Wurtzel


text:
USA-38

USA-38, also known as GPS II-2 and GPS SVN-13, was an American navigation satellite which formed part of the Global Positioning System. It was the second of nine Block II GPS satellites to be launched, which were the first operational GPS satellites to be launched.

Background
It was part of the 21-satellite Global Positioning System (GPS) Block II series that provides precise position data (accurate to within 16 m) to military and civilian users worldwide. Its signals could be received on devices as small as a telephone. The GPS II satellites, built by Rockwell International for the Air Force Space Systems Division, each have a 7.5-year design life. The Air Force intends to launch a GPS II every two to three months until the constellation of 21 operational satellites and three spares is aloft. The GPS Block II joins seven operational Block 1 satellites.

Launch
USA-38 was launched at 22:19 UTC on 10 June 1989, atop a Delta II launch vehicle, flight number D185, flying in the 6925-9.5 configuration. The launch took place from Launch Complex 17A (LC-17A) at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), and placed USA-38 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37XFP apogee motor.

Mission
On 11 July 1989, USA-38 was in an orbit with a perigee of 19967 km, an apogee of 20395 km, a period of 717.92 minutes, and 54.5° of inclination to the equator. It operated in slot 3 of plane B of the GPS constellation. The satellite had a mass of 840 kg, and generated 710 watts of power. It had a design life of 7.5 years, and was deactivated on 12 February 2004.

title: USA-38


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Talk:Bill Beveridge

Is there a source
Bill played goal for both the ottawa senators and montreal maroons in their last games played in the nhl. Is there a source which states he is the only player to do so out there? 20:31, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bill Beveridge


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XML - Managing Data Exchange/Parsing XML files/Answers

--

This java class file is associated with the movies.xml file used in the chapter. Place this java file and movies.xml in the same directory. After compiling, this needs to be run from a command window and the format is:

> java SPParser movies.xml


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Dental Case Files

This text book contains a number of Dental Case files sorted by dental discipline. To allow the possibility to verify the information in the case file (ex. for research purposes) it is important that the author includes his or her name at the end of the case file.

Here is an overview of the authors so far.

Disciplines

 * /Dental Radiology/
 * /Endodontics/
 * /Implant Dentistry/
 * /Oral Medicine/
 * /Oral Surgery/
 * /Orthodontics/
 * /Periodontics/
 * /Restorative Dentistry/
 * /Oral Pathology/

title: Dental Case Files


text:
Cookbook:Potatoes on the Half-Shell

Also see recipes for Twice-Baked Potatoes and Twice-Baked Potatoes II.

Ingredients

 * 6 medium-sized baking potatoes or leftover cooked potatoes
 * ¾ cup milk
 * 4 oz Velveeta cheese, chopped into chunks
 * 4 oz cheddar cheese, chopped into chunks
 * 2 tbsp butter
 * 1 tsp garlic powder
 * 1 tbsp dried parsley flakes

Procedure

 * 1) If you are using leftover baked potatoes, skip baking instructions below. Instead, bake for 10 minutes in a 400°F oven to brown the skins.
 * 2) Wash potatoes, prick all over with a fork, then bake until done. You can bake for about 45 minutes in a 400°F oven or microwave on high for 6 minutes, then bake for 10 minutes in a 400°F oven to brown skins. Let cool until they can be handled, or use hot pads and be careful.
 * 3) Cut potatoes in half lengthwise and carefully scoop out the insides. Put the potato skins in a baking dish (any kind will work as long as it is big enough to fit all of them). Put the insides into a bowl (if you want to use a microwave) or a saucepan to make the filling on the stove.
 * 4) Mash potatoes. The back of a spoon is sufficient here; most lumps will disappear as the filling is stirred.
 * 5) Add all other ingredients and stir. If you are using the stove, turn to medium low and keep stirring until cheese is melted and potatoes are smooth. If potatoes are still slightly crunchy, turn heat up to medium until they are soft. To use microwave, heat the filling on high for 1 minute at a time, stirring between each heating period, until filling is smooth. If mixture is too thick to stir easily, add extra milk or water.
 * 6) Distribute the filling among the potato shells, then bake in a 400°F oven until tops are browned (about 15 minutes).

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Add ¼ cup crumbled bacon to filling.
 * Add ¼ cup chopped ham to filling.
 * Sprinkle grated cheese or fresh chives on top of each potato before final baking.
 * Pipe filling through a large decorating tip for a fancier look.

title: Cookbook:Potatoes on the Half-Shell


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Talk:Merrell Twins

Change of last name?
In some edit summaries, I saw allusions to a YouTube video by Veronica. It would help our ability to verify the claim if we had a direct link to the video. —C.Fred (talk) 21:22, 4 January 2022 (UTC)

 * I do have a direct link however wikipedia will not let me send it. How can I send it. PageEditorOfficial (talk) 20:17, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Official wedding video:
 * https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=RqIi0gq63sg

 * Veronica confirms her last name change at 17:09 seconds:
 * https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=guwct8eWvLo — Preceding unsigned comment added by PageEditorOfficial (talk • contribs) 20:30, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

 * (above URL as started at 17:01)  signed, Willondon (talk)  20:52, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 5 January 2022
Veronica Merrell married Aaron Burriss in 2021 and her last name was changed however her name is still the same on the Merrell Twins wikipedia page. Their OFFICIAL WEDDING video was released showing them getting married as well as Veronica HERSELF confirmed her new name in her video. Please change her surname and a summary about the two getting married on December 27th. PageEditorOfficial (talk) 20:16, 5 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 20:19, 5 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I just looked at the links in the section above that were just added by PEO. The first is Burriss' verified YouTube channel, and the second is the Merrell Twins' channel. Primary sources, but I think they're reasonable to use in this case. I couldn't watch with audio; autocaptions confirmed the last name, but I don't want to try to do anything about the wedding based on that. Do you have ability to watch videos and listen to audio? —C.Fred (talk) 20:51, 5 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately not at this time. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 20:53, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

I can watch them with audio and I can confirm that Veronica changed her name to Merrell-Burriss and their wedding was on December 27th. PageEditorOfficial (talk) 20:55, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

If it is necessary I can type out everything the Pope said and everything Veronica and Aaron said in the video PageEditorOfficial (talk) 20:57, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

Please try and get audio available, it is important we update their wikipedia page is it not??? PageEditorOfficial (talk) 20:58, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

 * ✅: I made the last name change with the YouTube video as a reference. Primary sources should be fine for this. As for other details about dating or wedding related news, I think we have to rely on secondary sources like People, Variety and Seventeen to support their noteworthiness.  signed, Willondon (talk)  21:01, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

Thank you, Can you also add the present life section and add that Veronica and Aaron married on December 27th? Use the YouTube videos as a reference as they have the date of the wedding in them. I believe it is unreliable to use sources like 'Variety' or 'Seventeen' because they usually talk about big time celebrities and the Merrell Twins aren't extremely famous to be talked about in articles such as those? PageEditorOfficial (talk) 21:11, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

 * I'd need to double-check, but Variety should count as a reliable source. —C.Fred (talk) 21:17, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

 * You (PageEditorOfficial) need to be clear about how Wikipedia uses sources. You'll see that it relies mostly on secondary sources, like magazines, etc. Primary sources are often not considered "reliable", which would include the twins' Instagram, Facebook, YouTube posts, etc. In this case, it's accepted because VM surely knows if she changed her last name or not, it's a plain fact, and she has no imaginable reason to lie or be mistaken about it, and more importantly, any reasonable person would agree that it's noteworthy. But it's important to remember that secondary sources not only verify truthfulness, they verify notability as well. If the twins post on Instagram to say "I bought a new car!", that's a primary source. And it may be true, but until a secondary source like Variety or the like reports on it, it's not necessarily considered note-worthy. So you won't see "all the latest" on the encyclopedia page necessarily, just a summary of what other sources are reporting about them.  signed, Willondon (talk)  22:16, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

 * I would never want to violate Wikipedias rules but I just do not understand why you would rely on secondary articles and magazines rather than the actual person talking about their own life? Surely the own person such as YouTube channel will have more accurate information than a secondary article about them?

 * One fundamental reason for relying on secondary sources is that primary sources have a vested interest when publishing about themselves. It may not seem sensible, but a secondary source that doesn't have anything to gain or lose, is actually more trustworthy. Another very important reason for relying on secondary sources, is that they act as something of a filter on what is note-worthy and what is not. That's why an encyclopedia is not just a collection of facts or events. It's ideally a distillation of what is notable in the world. That's why in this area, if a magazine doesn't report on it, it's not likely to be of interest to the general reader.  signed, Willondon (talk)  19:37, 6 January 2022 (UTC)

I can watch them with audio and I can confirm that Veronica changed her name to Merrell-Burriss and their wedding was on December 27th. PageEditorOfficial (talk) 19:17, 6 January 2022 (UTC)

That makes sense, thank you PageEditorOfficial (talk) 21:15, 6 January 2022 (UTC)

Hello, I have an article confirming Vanessa Merrells relationship with John Vaughn, please include this in the page if your able to? https://www.theartistree.fm/entertainment/8317/vanessa-merrell-boyfriend-who-is-the-youtuber-dating-in-2021/ PageEditorOfficial (talk) 20:53, 9 January 2022 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by PageEditorOfficial (talk • contribs)
 * They'd only been dating a month when that source was published. That's not indicative of a long-term relationship, a lot could have changed since then, and I'm somewhat skeptical of the reliability of the publisher. —C.Fred (talk) 21:04, 9 January 2022 (UTC)

Okay, that's fine I was just wondering! PageEditorOfficial (talk) 22:10, 11 January 2022 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by PageEditorOfficial (talk • contribs)

Update photo?
I was thinking, the main photo for the page is from 2018. This was 4 years ago and the twins look more different now. May I suggest an update on the photo? PageEditorOfficial (talk) 14:05, 23 January 2022 (UTC)

 * That would be good. You'd have to find one, though. And all images on Wikipedia have to have the proper copyright license, so that they're free to copy. (Under copyright law, as soon as something is created, it is protected by default, so permission to copy has to be explicitly declared.) I don't know where people find the photos on all the celebrity articles. I suspect a publicity agent makes photos available for free distribution. Either that or a fan has taken a photo at an event and made it explicitly available for free. Do the Merrell's have something on a web site that they've explicitly declared as free to copy?  signed, Willondon (talk)  16:53, 23 January 2022 (UTC)

 * The picture currently in the article was taken at an event four years ago by an editor, who placed it under a free license. The Merrells' website has an all-rights-reserved license, so we cannot use images from there. We also cannot use stills from their YouTube videos: they are not under a suitable license. —C.Fred (talk) 20:02, 23 January 2022 (UTC)

Sorry it has been a while but has anyone figured out how to update the merrell twins' photo or any idea on how to get a photo?PageEditorOfficial (talk) 21:24, 14 April 2022 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by PageEditorOfficial (talk • contribs)

 * The surest way would be to go to an event they are at and take the picture yourself. —C.Fred (talk) 23:59, 14 April 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:52, 8 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Merrell-twins-gesf-2018-7824-large.jpg

ButterflyTiger
Hey there, shouldn't there be added about how Vanessa and her fiancee John Vaughn, started their band Butterfly Tiger and have released a single? PageEditorOfficial (talk) 18:23, 25 February 2023 (UTC)

Latest stats under YouTube information and latest photos of the twins
Kindly upload the most recent photo of the Merrell Twins available and upload the stats under the YouTube information. Mammoos 007 (talk) 17:35, 3 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Merrell Twins


text:
Talk:Cambion

Cambion
I have moved the engineering references to here - as this is a D&D article. I didn't want to just delete them in case someone wants to create another article.

Cambion is also a trade name for electronics parts derived from the name of the late Cam bridge Thermionic Corporat ion and the brand name of a line of shock-absorbing insoles.

History of the trade name Cambion

Cambion insoles

 * Makes sense. Those Cambions are a replaceable insole, and these Cambions are replaced in-soul. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:16, 9 July 2010 (UTC)

Cleanup
I've moved the external links section to the end of the page and added some links and footnotes. --Urban Blom 15:13, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Malleus Maleficarum
The quoted text is identical to that of the 1928 English translation by Montague Summers. --Urban Blom 15:13, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Huh?
If this is a medieval legend, then why does it make reference to the electrical activity of the brain? ("its brain operates on thetawaves" in intro) Zetawoof(ζ) 19:17, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I would guess because some new-agey editor got his or her hands on it. Be bold & edit it out, or if I get a chance in a little bit I will.  Good call.  -mordicai. 19:45, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Alright, I removed it, though the wording of "no signs of life without being alive" is still wonky & bad, even if it does go on to explain what is meant by that. -mordicai. 20:14, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Modern demonology is why it speaks of thetawaves. Also likely has a link to the fact that a succubus and incubus are demons that inhabit dreams and that the thetawave is the most active brainwave while dreaming. Therealsquee 01:35, 24 April 2007 (UTC) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Therealsquee (talk • contribs) 01:35, 24 April 2007 (UTC).

Self-cuckholding
This process described as passing on sperm from male to female and back to others to create a child unrelated to the sexual partners reminds me of the anthropological description of self-cuckholdry: i.e. a man (one more-likely with foreskin than without) has sexual relations (i.e. engages in penile to vaginal coitus) with a woman who has recently reciprocated another males ejaculate intravaginally. This man gets the spermatazoon of the other man on the smegma produced from the copulation of the couple upon this glans and shaft of his genitalia (preserved potentially by the foreskin of the penis). This mans next female sexual partner can then become impregnated by the initial partner mentioned who was with the last woman. Thus a woman could in times before technology and without intentional insertion of a males seed, become impregnated by a man she has never slept with. Also on a personal note a friend of mine recently gave birth to a child named "Camden." ;-P Nagelfar (talk) 01:42, 9 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Someone clearly needs to get out more. Or less.  <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:30, 27 March 2014 (UTC)

mix and match with the destiny of human linage.
Have any authors postulated that there's nothing evil or corrupt in the nature of the seed themselves according to the folklore of how Cambions are born; but rather it is that demons are simply masters of selecting corrupt nurturers or bad genetic matches or simply improper otherwise good nurturers for the specific otherwise genetically fine match.? I think of the rise of the autistic spectrum when I think of genes alone for example. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:10, 9 July 2010 (UTC)

Origin of the word
The article doesn't cite the origin of the word Cambion. Is it from the Malleus Maleficarum or from a different source? Did the word even exist before RPGs started using it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:980:D047:1:25C8:6906:C46D:31C4 (talk) 11:53, 29 October 2012 (UTC)

Recent coinage
This word was not used prior to RPG use - it does not appear in the OED or Mirriam Webster dictionaries. Google Books has no relevant entries prior to 1950. The article should make this clear. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:11, 21 November 2013 (UTC)

Well I ended up trying to delete because this article is ridiculous. See the D&D version. That's all there is to say. I tried to delete then to redirect but apparently that's not how thing are done here. I give up. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:35, 26 November 2013 (UTC)

Messed up definition
This article says that cambions are the offspring of humans and demons, but all the relevant quotes such as that from De Plancy state very clearly that they're the offspring of two demons, without any human intervention. The process through which demons receive semen and impregnate women is a separate issue, which, by the way, is not properly defined. There is no such thing as female succubi and male incubi. There are demons (usually male-gendered demons like Satan) that sometimes act like succubi, and then this same demon changes into an incubus to complete the process.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:15, 21 October 2015 (UTC)
 * I changed the definition, having read the article. But was reverted - will re-revert an refer to the talk page. All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 07:07, 13 August 2018 (UTC).

"In popular culture"
Okay, so it seems clear that cambions were originally meant to be understood as the children of two demons, and only later got mixed up with ideas of human/demon reproduction. Where does that leave the current list at the end, with its "pop culture" cambions? I'll copy it here: I added some citation needed templates, but are any of these characters referred to in canon as cambions? If cambions are not human/demon hybrids, and these human/demon hybrid characters are never actually referred to as cambions, then they shouldn't be on the page. Sgallison (talk) 01:09, 2 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Merlin the legendary wizard, alchemist, and teacher/advisor to King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table is the son of a demon with a human woman, this being the source of his power.
 * Dante and his brother Vergil from the Devil May Cry series are cambions, being the offspring of the Demon Knight Sparda and angel Eva, causing them both to have powers and white hair due to their heritage.
 * Hellboy is a cambion, being the offspring of the demon Azzael and a human woman, Sarah Hughes.
 * Rachel Roth, or Raven from DC Comics, is a cambion, being the offspring of Trigon and Angela Roth.

title: Talk:Cambion


text:
Topology/Topological Spaces

In this section, we will define what a topology is and give some examples and basic constructions.

Motivation
In Abstract Algebra, a field generalizes the concept of operations on the real number line. This general definition allows concepts about quite different mathematical objects to be grasped intuitively by comparison with the real numbers. Likewise, the concept of a topological space is concerned with generalizing the structure of sets in Euclidean spaces. Of course, for many topological spaces the similarities are remote, but aid in judgment and guide proofs. Interesting differences in the structure of sets in Euclidean space, which have analogies in topological spaces, are connectedness, compactness, dimensionality, and the presence of "holes".

If we begin with an arbitrary set, it may not be immediately obvious what is needed to imbue it with an interesting structure. One possibility might be to define a metric on the set, but as it turns out, requiring a metric is overly restrictive. In fact, there are many equivalent ways to define what we will call a topological space just by defining families of subsets of a given set. The properties of the topological space depend on the number of subsets and the ways in which these sets overlap. Topological spaces can be fine or coarse, connected or disconnected, have few or many dimensions.

The most popular way to define a topological space is in terms of open sets, analogous to those of Euclidean Space. (In Euclidean space, an open set is intuitively seen as a set that does not contain its "boundary").

Definition of a topological space
Suppose we are given two sets, $$X$$ and $$\mathcal{T}$$, where $$\mathcal{T}$$ is a collection of subsets of $$X$$.

If $$\mathcal{T}$$ has the following properties: then $$\mathcal{T}$$ is called a topology on $$X$$. The ordered pair $$(X, \mathcal{T})$$ is called a topological space.
 * the empty set and $$X$$ are both in $$\mathcal{T}$$,
 * any (finite or infinite) union of sets in $$\mathcal{T}$$ is itself in $$\mathcal{T}$$, and
 * any finite intersection of sets in $$\mathcal{T}$$ is itself in $$\mathcal{T}$$,

This definition of a topological space allows us to redefine open sets as well. Previously, we defined a set to be open if it contained all of its interior points, and the interior of a set was defined by open balls, which required a metric. That is, we needed some notion of distance in order to define open sets. Topological spaces have no such requirement. In fact, the three properties given above— and them alone — are enough to define an open set. Our new definition is this: Or, in other words, an open set is an element of a topology. So a topology is really a collection of open sets. The rules above are descriptions of how open sets behave: a collection of sets can be called open if the union of an arbitrary number of open sets is open, the intersection of a finite number of open sets is open, and the space itself is open. (The empty set is considered open by default). We also say that a set is closed if its complement is open. As mentioned before, a set can be both open and closed at the same time: the space itself is open, but since its complement (the empty set) is open, it is also closed.
 * the elements of $$\mathcal{T}$$ are called open sets.

As it happens, the properties we associate with open sets, which allow us to study many topological ideas (like continuity and convergence, which were defined earlier using open sets), are encoded entirely by the three properties described above, without any need for a distance metric at all. This is in fact a very abstract definition, using only the most basic ideas of set theory (subsets, unions and intersections), and it allows enormous flexibility in what can be studied as a topological space (as well as how something can be seen as a topological space; there are many different ways a topology can be chosen on a given set). This definition is so general, in fact, that topological spaces appear naturally in virtually every branch of mathematics, and topology is considered one of the great unifying topics of mathematics.

So, to recap: a topology on a set is a collection of subsets which contains the empty set and the set itself, and is closed under unions and finite intersections. The sets that are in the topology are open and their complements are closed. A topological space is a set together with a topology on it.

Some things to note:

 * A set is only open under a particular topology. It does not strictly make sense to merely say that a set is open. In practice, however, the topology under consideration is usually clear from context. For instance, suppose we have the set $$X = \{1,2,3\}$$, and the set $$\mathcal{T} = \{\emptyset, \{1\}, \{1, 2, 3\}\}$$. $$\mathcal{T}$$ is a topology on $$X$$, and one would say that the set $$\{1\}$$ is open. This is inferred to mean that $$\{1\}$$ is open under $$\mathcal{T}$$. If we were given another topology $$\mathcal{T}_2 = \{\emptyset, \{1, 2, 3\}\}$$, then the set $$\{1\}$$ would be open under $$\mathcal{T}$$ but not open under $$\mathcal{T}_2$$. In this case it would be ambiguous to merely say that $$\{1\}$$ is open. (Incidentally, it is not closed under $$\mathcal{T}_2$$ either, because its complement $$\{2, 3\}$$ is not open)
 * While the term topological space strictly refers to the ordered pair $$S = (X, \mathcal{T})$$ (where $$X$$ is a set and $$\mathcal{T}$$ is a topology on $$X$$), often the topological space $$S$$ is used interchangeably with the underlying set $$X$$, or the topology $$\mathcal{T}$$. Which one is meant is usually clear from context. For instance, one might say "suppose $$S \subseteq \mathbb{R}$$ is a topological space and the interval $$I$$ is a subset of $$S$$. Now, suppose $$I$$ is open..." and so on. In this case (assuming the author has not made a mistake), it is meant that the topological space $$S$$ is the pair $$(X, \mathcal{T})$$, where $$X$$ is a subset of $$\mathbb{R}$$, and $$I$$ is a subset of $$X$$. In the case of the real numbers, usually the topology $$\mathcal{T}$$ is the usual topology on $$\mathbb{R}$$, where the open sets are either open intervals, or the union of open intervals.
 * Infinite intersections of open sets do not need to be open. For example, consider open intervals of the form $$\left ( -\frac{1}{n}, \frac{1}{n} \right )$$. The intersection of these intervals for all positive integer values of $$n$$ is the set $$\{0\}$$, which is not open in the real numbers.

Examples of topological spaces
For any set $$X$$, there are two topologies we can always define on $$X$$:
 * The Discrete topology - the topology consisting of all subsets of a set $$X$$.
 * The Indiscrete topology (also known as the trivial topology) - the topology consisting of just $$X$$ and the empty set, $$\emptyset$$.

Metric Topology
Given a metric space $$ \ (X, d)\ $$, its metric topology is the topology induced by using the set of all open balls as the base. One can also define the topology induced by the metric, as the set of all open subsets defined by the metric. We denote the topology $$\mathcal{T}$$ induced from the metric d with $$\mathcal{T} = top(d)$$

This forms a topological space from a metric space.

If for a topological space $$(X, \mathcal{T})$$, we can find a metric $$d$$, such that $$\mathcal{T} = top(d)$$, then the topological space is called metrizable.

The usual topology on the real numbers
We can define a topology $$\mathcal{U}$$ on $$\mathbb{R}$$ by defining $$U\subseteq\mathbb{R}$$ to be in $$\mathcal{U}$$ if for every point $$x\in U$$, there is an $$\varepsilon>0$$ such that $$(x-\varepsilon,x+\varepsilon)\subseteq U$$. We call this topology the standard topology, or usual topology on $$\mathbb{R}$$.

The cofinite topology on any set
Let $$X$$ be a non-empty set. Define $$\mathcal{T}$$ to be the collection of all subsets $$G$$ of $$X$$ satisfying the following:

(In other words, the open sets are formed by removing a finite number of elements from $$X$$)
 * 1) Either $$G = \empty$$
 * 2) Or $$X \setminus G $$ is finite.

Then $$\mathcal{T}$$ is a topology on $$X$$ called the cofinite topology (or "finite complement topology") on $$X$$. Further, this topology turns out to be discrete if and only if $$X$$ is finite.

The cocountable topology on any set
Let $$X$$ be a non-empty set. Define $$\mathcal{T}$$ to be the collection of all subsets $$G$$ of $$X$$ satisfying the following:

(In other words, the open sets are formed by removing a countably infinite number of elements from $$X$$)
 * 1) Either $$G = \emptyset$$
 * 2) Or $$X \setminus G $$ is countable.

Then $$\mathcal{T}$$ is a topology on $$X$$ called the cocountable topology (or "countable complement topology") on $$X$$. Further, this topology turns out to be discrete if and only if $$X$$ is countable.

Sets in topological spaces
Let $$X$$ be a topological space. There are many types of sets we can define on $$X.$$
 * The complement of a set A in X, denoted by $$A^C$$, is $$A^C = X \setminus A$$ (that is, the entire space except for A).
 * A subset $$C$$ is called closed if the set $$C^C$$ is open. Notice that the intersection of any non-zero number of closed sets is closed and the union of finitely many closed sets is closed.
 * Note also that a set can be both closed and open. The trivial examples are the empty set $$\emptyset$$ and the entire set $$X$$, each of which is both closed and open. By definition, $$\emptyset$$ is open, so its complement, $$X$$, is closed. But $$X$$, by definition, is an open set, so $$X$$ is both open and closed.
 * A set $$N$$ is called a neighborhood of a point $$x \in X$$ if it includes an open set containing $$x$$. In other words, $$N$$ is a neighborhood of $$x$$ if there is an open set $$U$$ such that $$x\in U\subseteq N.$$

We now investigate some commonly occurring sets in the study of Topology.

Definition
In a topological space, a $G_{\delta }$ set is a countable intersection of open sets. A $$F_{\sigma }$$ set is a countable union of closed sets.

Theorem
The complement of a $$F_{\sigma }$$ set is $$G_{\delta }$$, and vice versa.

Proof: Let A be a $$F_{\sigma }$$ set and let $$n\in \mathbb{N}$$. Then A is a countable union of closed sets, $$\bigcup\limits_{n}^ – {A_{n}}$$ such that $$A_{n}$$ is closed for all n. Then $$A^{c}=\bigcap\limits_{n}^ – {\left( A_{n} \right)^{c}}$$. Since $$A_{n}$$ is closed, $$\left( A_{n} \right)^{c}$$ is open, so we have a countable intersection of open sets. Hence $$A^{c}$$ is $$G_{\delta }$$. The entirely similar proof of the other implication is left to the reader.

Theorem
In any metric space, a closed set is a $$G_{\delta }$$ set.  Proof: Let X be a metric space and let $$A\subseteq (X,d)$$. Define $$O_{n}=\bigcup\limits_{n}{\left\{ \beta_{1/n}(x)~\left| ~x\in A \right. \right\}}$$. Observe that $$O_{n}$$ is open for any n, and hence the union is open. Now our goal is to show that $$\bar{A}=\bigcap\limits_{n}{O_{n}}$$ to show that a closed set is the intersection of countably many open sets. $$\subseteq $$: Let $$x\in \bar{A}$$. Then $$\beta_{1/n}(x)$$ intersects A at some $$x_{0}$$ which implies $$x\in \beta _{1/n}(x_{0})\subseteq O_{n}.$$. This is true for any n so $$x\in \bigcap\limits_{n}{O_{n}}$$. $$\supseteq $$: Let $$x\in \bigcap\limits_{n}{O_{n}}$$ and $$\varepsilon >0$$. Then $$\exists ~n\in \mathbb{N}$$ such that $$1/n<\varepsilon $$. So $$x\in O_{n}\Rightarrow \exists ~x_{0}$$ in A such that $$x\in \beta _{1/n}(x_{0})$$, which implies $$x\in \beta _{\varepsilon }(x_{0})$$. Thus $$x\in \bar{A}$$. Therefore $$\bar{A}=\bigcap\limits_{n}{O_{n}}$$ and is a $$G_{\delta }$$ set.

Theorem
In usual $$\mathbb{R}$$, $$\mathbb{Q}$$ is a $$F_{\sigma }$$ set.

Proof: Since $$\mathbb{Q}$$ with the usual topology is a metric space, every singleton  such that $$x\in \mathbb{Q}$$ is closed. Thus, we have a countable union of closed sets, and hence $$\mathbb{Q}$$ is a $$F_{\sigma }$$ set.

Exercises

 * 1) Prove the following are topologies:
 * 2) *The discrete topology on any set.
 * 3) *The indiscrete topology on any set.
 * 4) *The cofinite topology on any set.
 * 5) *The cocountable topology on any set.
 * 6) Show that the cofinite (respectively, cocountable) topology on a set $$X$$ equals the discrete topology if and only if $$X$$ is finite (respectively, countable).
 * 7) Prove that a set is open if and only if for every element within the set, there is a neighborhood contained within the set.

 * 1) Show that the discrete topology is the topology induced by the discrete metric. (This is also a splendid way of remembering the discrete and the indiscrete topology)

Espace topologique 位相空間論

title: Topology/Topological Spaces


text:
Talk:Dianne Holum

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She wrote a book that in the 80's like the bible of anyone learning to speedskate.
I'm surprised that I have not yet found a copy or mention online, and that it's not mentioned here. Just saying. 2603:7000:11F0:820:1EE:B862:C97A:5DB0 (talk) 05:49, 23 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dianne Holum


text:
transplante

Noun

 * 1) act of a transplant, transplanting
 * 2) an organ or tissue transplant operation

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1)  transplant act of uprooting and replanting a plant
 * 2)  transplant operation in which tissue or an organ is moved from one body to another

title: transplante


text:
Cookbook:Beer and Rye Bread Porridge (Øllebrød)

| Cuisine of Denmark | Breakfast

Øllebrød (Danish for Beer Bread) is a Danish bread porridge, easily made from (dry) rye bread using this very simple recipe. Together with salmon (and other fish), pork, rye bread, beer and potatoes, øllebrød was an important nutritional element of traditional Danish cuisine until the 1800s. A Danish family usually had a big pot on the stove in which they threw leftover bread and beer dregs. This was served as an everyday meal, morning and afternoon. The pot was seldom emptied, so it was a kind of continuous meal.

Ingredients

 * 1 loaf of day-old rye bread (preferably without whole grain)
 * Malt beer (preferably a sweet dark stout)
 * Sweetener, as desired (e.g. sugar or honey)
 * Lemon juice (optional)

Variant I

 * 1) Put the rye bread to soak in beer for 6–12 hours.
 * 2) Bring the mixture to a boil, and simmer slowly for about 1 hour. Add more beer if it's too dry; the consistency should be like that of oatmeal. If you want it sweet you can mix in some sweetener. For a fresher taste, add a touch of lemon.
 * 3) Serve with whipped cream if you're introducing this meal to someone who is not Danish.

Variant II

 * 1) In the evening, cut away the crust from the rye bread, and cut it into cubes.
 * 2) Put the bread in a pot and cover it with beer (or water) and a lid. Set aside.
 * 3) In the morning, add sweetener if using, then heat it all up.
 * 4) Stir until it steams vigorously, adding water if it gets too dry.
 * 5) Serve with milk for a warm, very solid breakfast.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Feel free to use whatever beer that is the cheapest, as the alcohol is going to vaporise anyway. You can also substitute the beer with water, if you want.

Kookboek/Øllebrød


text:
First Line Management/Team building

About unit topic...

This unit is used in:
 * First Line Management

Content
Link to Team Building article in Main Wikipedia.

Team_building

title: First Line Management/Team building


text:
User:Renamed user<PHONE_NUMBER>681/sandbox

He is the Chairman of the Disability Party of Indiana/Illinois, which formed for the first time in the United States on February 5, 2013, in Indiana.

Straw was the Disability Party's candidate for Indiana Secretary of State, and the 2012 Green Party nominee for U.S. House of Representatives representing Indiana's 2nd Congressional District, but he was ultimately denied ballot access by the Indiana Secretary of State on July 27, 2012.

Biography
Straw was born on March 19, 1969, at Marine Corps Base Camp LeJeune located in Jacksonville, North Carolina.

Education:
 * Northridge High School, Middlebury, Indiana - National Merit Scholar, National Honor Society
 * Indiana University, Bachelor's in English & Philosophy (Political Science minor) (1992)
 * Indiana University, Master's degree in Language Education (1995)
 * Indiana University Maurer School of Law, J.D. (1997)
 * University of Otago (Dunedin, NZ), Graduate Studies in Bioethics & Health Law (2004)

Career
Straw's professional background includes being the founder and president of the Indiana Center for Excellence in Government, which has conducted studies on lithium concentrations in drinking water in Indiana's 2nd Congressional District, as well as a survey of local government communications and whether they are accessible. In particular, whether local government agencies provide email and fax contact information on the Internet.

Straw is a member of the bar in Indiana. He is admitted to practice law in the U.S. District Courts for the Northern and Southern Districts of Indiana, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, and the Fourth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. He has worked as a statistical analyst for the Indiana Supreme Court, collecting and analyzing data for over 400 Indiana trial courts and focusing on disabilities in the judicial system. Straw previously co-chaired the committee on Education of Bench & Bar for the Virginia State Bar Task Force on Technology. Click here to view Straw's CV online.

Straw was in-house corporate counsel for Alan M. Voorhees, who allegedly designed the Interstate Highway System and the Metro in Washington, D.C. Voorhees owned Autometric, the satellite intelligence company that keeps all American military and air traffic safe. He also own the company that invented the Bar Code used in retail, the company that invented the compression software for the FBI fingerprint database, and the company that invented Google Earth. Voorhees was a frogman in WWII, mapping islands and blowing up obstacles for island invasions in the Pacific. He and another frogman swam up Nagasaki Harbor immediately after the bomb was dropped and mapped the port and surveyed the damage. Straw represented Voorhees in corporate matters, education donations, government negotiations, and nonprofit work. He trained at the Council for Excellence in Government in 2000 with top-level civil servants from Health & Human Services. Voorhees founded the Council in the 1980s, and it had all living ex-U.S. presidents on its board of directors.

2012
Major campaign themes for Straw's potential congressional run included:

 * U.S. House Disabilities Caucus - Straw promised to become a member immediately upon swearing in.

 * Medicare for all - expand the existing national health system to cover everyone. Removes insurance premium burden on businesses and provides portability.  Will cover people working as independent contractors.

 * National Accident Insurance - to cover all accidents without having to go to court. Removes most tort lawsuits and replaces it with a predictable benefit schedule.  Very popular in the first country to have it: New Zealand.  | ACC

 * Secretary of Disability Affairs - a cabinet-level position to advise the President

 * Disability Rights: Straw has said he intends to join the Disability Caucus in the House. He was the first congressional candidate in U.S. history to run against his own party's district chair in the May 2011 U.S. Census-motivated election.  The party's lack of disabled access at the South Bend HQ for 17 years was the stated reason.  Butch Morgan, the county chair, district chair, and state committee member Straw ran against, is now convicted of forgery conspiracy in collecting signatures for Obama's ballot access in 2008.  Morgan was sentenced in South Bend.

 * Disability Auditors - federal auditors should analyze all communities in the USA for compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and other laws protecting the disabled.

 * Public education, paid for students, from preschool to Ph.D. Will introduce a bill to freeze student loan payments and set the interest rate at 0%.

 * 20 hours free preschool - must be a certified facility with trained teachers in Early Childhood Education

 * Job creation (25 million jobs from disability accommodation construction) - stronger EEOC for worker rights

 * Emergency Climate Change Program - heavy Defense Department spending to combat climate change.

 * Environmental protection - air, water, land

 * Death Penalty - researched Indiana Constitution, Virginia law on the death penalty. Protested death penalty at governor's mansion in Indianapolis with president of Amnesty International.  Clerked on a triple murder/arson case and researched the death penalty for the judge.  Pro-life on the death penalty, in favor of Life Without Parole.

 * Pro-choice - President Madison, author of the Bill of Rights and 9th Amendment would be pro-choice today. In 1791, the concept of "quickening" was considered to happen much later than conception.  President Madison's position on liberties is clear. This is a major decision and often people later regret making it, so Straw believes those who provide abortion services should provide adequate information on the moral and medical implications of this choice.  If it is a medical decision, the doctor should treat it as the removal of anything else from the body, and explain the choice fully, providing any necessary scans needed and show the patient any scans so she can make an informed choice.  This is the normal procedure for any surgery, and it should be decided by the physician how to handle it.  Straw opposes the choice of abortion solely on the basis of there being a disability or any other civil rights basis, such as nationality or ethnicity.  Straw, while supporting the right, confirmed that he opposes abortion as a choice and would not advise someone to have one if asked.  There has not been a Democratic Supreme Court since the 1960s.  The right to abortion was recognized by Republican justices.

 * Gay marriage - should be guaranteed by U.S. constitution

 * American Voting Tax Credit - $50 every time a person votes in a general election

 * IRS Internet Reform - IRS should provide online accounts for all taxpayers and streamline its services so a person or organization can pay its taxes online and keep track of all information in one place. Social Security has online accounts and access to data.  IRS can do this.

 * Non-profit & church free speech - churches and non-profits should not lose their free speech rights just to get their tax benefits

 * Marijuana - legalize it, with hemp and medical marijuana as the priorities

 * Give Workers a Break - mandatory minimum paid meal and rest breaks for all workers, including independent contractors.

 * Right to Work - repeal the anti-worker, anti-union legislation, nationwide

 * Domestic Violence - fund a nationwide database of court orders to protect women, children, and the disabled

 * MMP Electoral System - change the Constitution to allow for national U.S. House selection by party and district voting

 * Term Limits - committed to amending the Constitution so House members may serve a maximum of 6 years, and Senate members 12 years. 18 years as a federal official is more than enough for anyone.

 * Camp LeJeune, North Carolina Water Contamination - full medical coverage under VA for anyone stationed there (including spouses and children) and anyone born there--no questions asked.

 * Cyberbullying - will introduce a bill to help people remove defamation against them on the Internet, including search engines.

 * Democratic Ballot Access Reform - Congress shall abolish the listing of party on congressional general election ballots. Congress shall mandate that any party is eligible to have ballot access in a primary for federal office because a primary is free advertising and provides intelligence about voters; any party should be eligible for that.

Secretary of State
Major campaign themes for Straw's Secretary of State run included:
 * Make entire office compliant with our federal and state constitutions, including the federal and state bills of rights. Every function and component of the Secretary of State's office will be subject to a full review for compliance with both constitutions, since there appear to be many violations at the present time.  State laws will not be enforced if they conflict with constitutional law as interpreted by Secretary of State Straw, when elected.
 * Make every function of the office not only compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act, but actively seek ways to exceed the standards set out by Congress.
 * Will make functions of the office environmentally-friendly, including making use of paper for official purposes rare. All official documents will be available in an official database and available online.  The Secretary of State will opt in to accepting e-signatures and will strive to make all forms fillable online and able to be submitted online.
 * Reduce every fee and tax possible to zero or as close to zero as allowed by law to encourage company formation and business growth.
 * Offer value-added business and other services not offered in other states. Constantly seek ways to make Indiana a more democratic and attractive place to live and do business.
 * Coordinate with other state officials so that Secretary of State services reduce crime and serve the public in every way.
 * Improve voter registration and use all discretion to make voting accurate, fraud-free and non-partisan as part of the constitutional review. Currently when voting for candidates, our constitutions require voting for only a candidate rather than a party. With the voter registration improvement, no "straight ticket" voting will be recognized and this option will be stripped from ballots.
 * Voting will be made as easy as possible under the confines of state law and constitutional law while maintaining reasonable mechanisms to eliminate fraud. The Secretary of State has great power over how Indiana democracy functions, and Straw intends to use that power to improve voting and all electoral duties of the office.

2012
Major campaign themes for Straw's congressional run included: Campaign themes, 2012 congressional election:

 * Medicare for all - expand the existing national health system to cover everyone. Removes insurance premium burden on businesses and provides portability

 * National Accident Insurance - to cover all accidents without having to go to court. Removes most tort lawsuits and replaces it with a predictable benefit schedule.  Very popular in the first country to have it: New Zealand.  [http://www.acc.co.nz

ACC]

 * Secretary of Disability Affairs - a cabinet-level position to advise the President

 * Disability Rights: Straw has said he intends to join the Disability Caucus in the House now that the only Hoosier on it is retiring (Rep. Dan Burton). He was the first congressional candidate in U.S. history to run against his own party's district chair in the May 2011 U.S. Census-motivated election, and the Party's lack of disabled access at the South Bend HQ for 17 years was the stated reason. Butch Morgan, the county chair, district chair, and state committee member Straw ran against, is now charged with forgery conspiracy in collecting signatures for Obama's ballot access in 2008.  Morgan awaits trial in South Bend.

 * Public education, paid for students, from preschool to Ph.D. Will introduce a bill to freeze student loan payments and set the interest rate at 0%

 * 20 hours free preschool - must be a certified facility with trained teachers in Early Childhood Education

 * Job creation (25 million jobs, Green New Deal) - stronger EEOC for worker rights

 * Emergency Climate Change Program - heavy Defense Department spending to combat climate change.

 * Environmental protection - air, water, land

 * Death Penalty - researched Indiana Constitution, Virginia law on the death penalty. Protested death penalty at governor's mansion in Indianapolis with president of Amnesty International.  Clerked on a triple murder/arson case and researched the death penalty for the judge.  Pro-life on the death penalty.

 * Pro-choice - President Madison, author of the Bill of Rights and 9th Amendment would be pro-choice today. In 1791, the concept of "quickening" was considered to happen much later than conception.  President Madison's position on liberties is clear. This is a major decision and often people later regret making it, so Straw believes those who provide abortion services should provide adequate information on the moral and medical implications of this choice.  If it is a medical decision, the doctor should treat it as the removal of anything else from the body, and explain the choice fully, providing any necessary scans needed and show the patient any scans so she can make an informed choice.  This is the normal procedure for any surgery, and it should be decided by the physician how to handle it.  Straw opposes the choice of abortion solely on the basis of there being a disability.  Straw, while supporting the right, confirmed that he opposes abortion as a choice and would not advise someone to have one if asked.  There has not been a Democratic Supreme Court since the 1960s.

 * Gay marriage - should be guaranteed by U.S. and Indiana constitutions

 * American Voting Tax Credit - $50 every time a person votes in a general election

 * Non-profit & church free speech - churches and non-profits should not lose their free speech rights just to get their tax benefits

 * Marijuana - legalize it, with hemp and medical marijuana as the priorities

 * Give Workers a Break - mandatory minimum meal and rest breaks for all workers

 * Right to Work - repeal the anti-worker, anti-union legislation, nationwide

 * Domestic Violence - fund a nationwide database of court orders to protect women, children, and the disabled

 * MMP Electoral System - change the Constitution to allow for House selection by party and district voting

 * Term Limits - committed to amending the Constitution so House members may serve a maximum of 6 years, and Senate members 12 years

 * Veterans' Hospital in N. Central Indiana - Veterans should not have to drive over an hour just to get the care they need in a hospital.

 * Camp LeJeune, North Carolina Water Contamination - full medical coverage under VA for anyone stationed there (including spouses and children) and anyone born there--no questions asked.

 * Climate Change - Increase Defense spending to combat climate change.

 * Cyberbullying - will introduce a bill to help people remove defamation against them on the Internet, including search engines.

 * Democratic Ballot Access Reform - Congress shall abolish the listing of party on congressional general election ballots. Congress shall mandate that any party is eligible to have ballot access in a primary for federal office because a primary is free advertising and provides intelligence about voters; any party should be eligible for that.

2013
Straw's candidacy for appointment as superior court judge was supported by his work on trial judge analysis and court technology at the Indiana Supreme Court. Straw was law clerk for the Hon. Joseph Spruill in Virginia's 15th judicial district in 2000, and provided research for the judge on Virginia's death penalty for a triple murder arson trial. He also worked on trial court technology at the Virginia State Bar Task Force on Technology, and on a court automation project promoted by transportation legend Alan Voorhees.

2012

 * See also: Indiana's 2nd Congressional District elections, 2012

Straw initially declared his intent to run in the 2012 election for the U.S. House, representing Indiana's 2nd District. The Secretary of State, Connie Lawson (R), denied his petition on July 27, 2012 on grounds that Straw had submitted one signature on his petition. According to Straw, there was no mention of his statutory or constitutional objections. Namely, since Lawson was appointed and the number of signatures needed depended on the number of votes she received, only one was required.

According to Straw, he left the Democratic Party after the mayor-elect of South Bend, Pete Buttigieg, his Democratic opponent, Brendan Mullen and the new district chair, Mike Schmuhl, announced their solution to the inaccessibility at headquarters. Straw claims the ramp is several feet too short (making the slope dangerously high), and contains no railings. In addition, the ramp twists because the sidewalk outside is at an incline from right to left.

Straw's Indiana Civil Rights Commission disability access complaint against the Indiana Democratic Party of September 2012 is ongoing, and was unsuccessful in mediation.

On January 3, 2012, Straw announced his switch to the Green Party. Straw had previously been a regional male co-leader of the Green Party of Aotearoa, New Zealand. Straw was the 2012 Indiana delegate to the Green Party National Convention, and as such was a member of the Green National Committee through 2/5/2013, when he founded the Disability Party.

On March 4, 2012, Green Party presidential candidate Dr. Jill Stein stumped for Straw in South Bend and in his home town of Goshen.

After hearing he had been disqualified from the ballot, Straw addressed a letter to the Secretary of State, in which he wrote: "I am stunned at the way you so cavalierly disregarded our constitution’s guarantees of equality and prohibition on privileging certain groups like your Republican and Democratic parties."

Straw was a presidential elector for Stein, and received 625 write-in votes on her behalf in 2012.

Endorsements

 * Straw was endorsed by the Indiana Green Party on January 3, 2012. The Lavender Greens, the LGBT caucus of the Green Party of the United States, endorsed him also.
 * Green Party presidential candidate Jill Stein campaigned for Straw in South Bend and his home, Goshen on March 4-5, 2012.
 * 11-year dean of the IU-Maurer School of Law, Prof. Fred Aman. June 27, 2011.
 * Professor Jiefen Li, a Chinese law professor and expert on human rights, administrative law, and labor rights in China.
 * Mr. Skip Potter, computer architect for Alan M. Voorhees, Autometric, and Boeing.

Personal
Straw lives in Streamwood, Illinois, and has 2 children, Ava and Manu. Straw is fluent in English and Italian, as are his children. He also speaks some German and some French.

Captain Jason Lee Straw
Straw's brother, Capt. Jason Lee Straw, is a critical care trauma nurse in the U.S. Air Force. He has served two tours in Afghanistan. During his second tour, Capt. Straw served as a CCAT nurse. His responsibilities included flying as part of 3-person team from Afghanistan to Germany, while helping keep severely injured amputees alive.

title: User:Renamed user 8262690166681/sandbox


text:
James J. Jenkins

James J. Jenkins (July 29, 1923 – November 17, 2012 ) is an American psychologist who played a significant role in the development of cognitive psychology.

Biography
Trained as an industrial psychologist, his early career was shaped by his Fellowship at the Social Science Research Council’s 1953 summer meeting that established the discipline of psycholinguistics. He initially attempted to apply a modified version of behaviorism to the problems of language behavior, and while his “mediational” approach was very influential, he became convinced that it could not provide an adequate account of the structural nature of language as articulated by Noam Chomsky. He continued research on language and cognition, eventually focusing on topics concerning speech perception (in collaboration with his wife, Winifred Strange). His research was marked by an interest in new and even radical ideas (e.g., those advocated by James J. Gibson), a keen appreciation of the value of studying real-world problems (as in his early research on aphasia ), and a willingness to give up cherished theories when the facts drove him to do so. "If you're not making any progress toward understanding the problem," he said, "you've got to change." He had an infectious enthusiasm for both research and teaching, and his impact on young psychologists was tremendous. He supervised 46 PhD students in his first academic position at the University of Minnesota and through his career served as advisor or co-advisor of 82 PhD's. He is beloved by his students, whom he encouraged to follow their own diverse interests. His students made many important contributions to psychological research (as just one example, the influential work on abstraction in memory done by his students John Bransford and Jeffrey Franks ).

Academic career
Jenkins enlisted in the Army in 1942 and was trained as a meteorologist, receiving a B.S. in physics from the University of Chicago in 1944. After serving as a weatherman in the Army Air Forces in the U.S and the South Pacific, he returned to William Jewell College to earn an A.B. in psychology in 1947. He then earned a Ph.D. in psychology at the University of Minnesota in 1950, studying industrial psychology under Donald G. Paterson (who trained even more Ph.D.’s in his career than Jenkins did ). He remained at the University of Minnesota as a professor in the Psychology Department from 1950 to 1982. From 1965 to 1973, he was founding Director of the newly established Center for Research in Human Learning of the University of Minnesota, where he remained as Director of Training until 1982. In that year, he moved to the University of South Florida, first as Chair of the Department of Psychology, and then as Distinguished Research Professor until he became Emeritus in 2000. He served as an Adjunct Research Professor at the City University of New York from 2000 through 2008. He was a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences in 1957–58 and 1964–65 (where he and a group of distinguished scholars ended a night-long celebration of their year together by attempting to watch the sun rise over the Pacific Ocean), and a Visiting Professor at the University of Colorado, Yale University, and the City University of New York.

Honors and professional activities
Jenkins is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Psychological Society/Association for Psychological Science, the American Psychological Association and the Acoustical Society of America. He is a member of the Society of Experimental Psychologists and the Psychonomic Society, the Midwestern and Southeastern Psychological Associations, the Southern Society for Philosophy and Psychology, and the International Society for Ecological Psychology. He served as chairman of the Society of Experimental Psychologists (1972–73), chairman of the Psychonomic Society Board of Governors (1978–79), chairman of the Board of Scientific Affairs of the American Psychological Association (1969–1971), president of the Midwestern Psychological Association (1967–68), president of Division 3 (Experimental) of the American Psychological Association (1973–74), among other contributions to professional societies. He was consulting editor, associate editor, or editor of several major professional journals and member of several NIH and NIE grant panels, member of the National Research Council for four years, and chairman of the Social Science Research Council Committee on Linguistics and Psychology (1960–1962). His academic honors include the previously mentioned Fellowships at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences and the Social Science Research Council Fellowship at the seminal 1953 Social Science Research Council Summer Institute in Psycholinguistics, as well as an SSRC Faculty Fellowship, a Ford Foundation Faculty Grant, a Citation for Achievement from William Jewell College (1968), a Phi Kappa Phi (University of South Florida Chapter) Artist/Scholar Award (1985), a Sigma Xi (USF Chapter) Outstanding Research Award (1987), and an Outstanding Alumni Achievement Award from the University of Minnesota (2001).

Selected publications
(From over 200 books, chapters, journal articles, and technical reports; see footnote 8 for a complete bibliography).

 * Schuell, H., & Jenkins, J. J. (1959). The nature of language deficit in aphasia. Psychological Review, 66, 45–67.
 * Jenkins, J. J. (1963). Mediated associations: Paradigms and situations. In C. N. Cofer and B. S. Musgrave (Eds), Verbal behavior and learning. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 210–245.
 * Greenberg, J. H., & Jenkins, J. J. (1964). Studies in the psychological correlates of the sound system of American English: I. Measuring linguistic distance from English. II. Distinctive features and psychological space. Word, 20, 156–177.
 * Jenkins, J. J. (1964). A mediational account of grammatical phenomena. Journal of Communication, 14, 86–97.
 * Jenkins, J. J., & Palermo, D. S. (1964). Mediation processes and the acquisition of linguistic structure. In U. Bellugi and R. W. Brown (Eds), The acquisition of language. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Serial No. 92, 29, No. 1, 141–169.
 * Palermo, D. S., & Jenkins, J. J. (1964). Word association norms: Fourth grade through college. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
 * Schuell, H., Jenkins, J. J., & Jimenez-Pabon, E. (1964). The problem of aphasia in adults: Diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. New York: Hoeber.
 * Fodor, J. A., Jenkins, J. J., & Saporta, S. (1967). Psycholinguistics and communication theory. In F. E. X. Dance (Ed.), Human Communication Theory. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, pp. 160–201. (Precis of a never-published book.)
 * Jenkins, J. J., Foss, D. J., & Greenberg, J. H. (1968). Phonological features as cues in learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 77, 200–205.
 * Dember, W. N., & Jenkins, J. J. (1970). General Psychology: Modeling behavior and experience. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
 * Halwes, T., & Jenkins, J. J. (1971). The problem of serial order in behavior is not resolved by context-sensitive associative memory models. Psychological Review, 78, 122–129.
 * Hyde, T. S., & Jenkins, J. J. (1973). Recall for words as a function of semantic, graphic, and syntactic orienting tasks. Journal of verbal Learning and verbal Behavior, 12, 471–480.
 * Jenkins, J. J. (1974). Remember that old theory of memory? Well, forget it! American Psychologist, 29, 785–795.
 * Miyawaki, K. M., Strange, W., Verbrugge, R.R., Liberman, A. M, Jenkins, J. J., & Fujimura, O. (1975). An effect of linguistic experience: The discrimination of [r] and [l] by native speakers of Japanese and English. Perception & Psychophysics, 18, 331–340.
 * Kraft, R. N., & Jenkins, J. J. (1977). Memory for lateral orientation of slides in picture stories. Memory & Cognition, 5(4), 397–403.
 * Jenkins, J.J. (1979). Four points to remember: A tetrahedral model of memory experiments. In  L.S. Cermak and F.I.M. Craik (Eds.) Levels of processing in human memory.  Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum Associates, pp. 429–446.
 * Strange, W., Jenkins, J. J., & Johnson, T. L. (1983). Dynamic specification of coarticulated vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 74, 695–705.
 * Jenkins, J.J. (1985). Acoustic information for objects, places and events. In W.H. Warren & R.E. Shaw (Eds.)  Persistence and change. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. 115–138.
 * Jenkins, J. J., (1986). Beyond methodolatry. In B. Baars (Ed.), The cognitive revolution in psychology. New York: The Guilford Press, 237–252.
 * Jenkins, J.J. (1991). Teaching psychology in large classes: Research and personal experience. Teaching of Psychology, 18, 74–80.
 * Jenkins, J. J., Strange, W., & Miranda, S. (1994). Vowel identification in mixed-speaker silent-center syllables. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95, 1030–1043.
 * Jenkins, J. J. & Tuten, J. T. (1998). On possible parallels between perceiving and remembering events. In R. R. Hoffman, M. F. Sherrick, & J. S. Warm (Eds.) Viewing psychology as a whole: The integrative science of William N. Dember, Washington, DC: APA Books. pp. 291–314.
 * Jenkins, J. J., & Strange, W. (1999). Perception of dynamic information for vowels in syllable onsets and offsets. Perception & Psychophysics, 61, 1200–1210.

title: James J. Jenkins


text:
Pradip Narayan Ghosh

Pradip Narayan Ghosh is an Indian physicist, and former Vice Chancellor of Jadavpur University and Dean of Science of prestigious Rajabazar Science College, University of Calcutta. He was born in Calcutta in 1948 and is son of Avarani and Asutosh Ghosh. His grandfather, Atul Krishna Ghosh was a distinguished lawyer and a political leader.

He graduated from Presidency College, Calcutta and had Masters and doctorate degree from the Science College campus of University of Calcutta. He was a post M Sc research associate of Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Calcutta. He earned the Premchand Roychand Scholarship of the University of Calcutta. He joined Calcutta University as a Lecturer in Physics in 1971 at the age of 23. He has research contribution in the field of Atomic, Molecular and Laser Physics. He introduced the Laser Physics and Application course in the University of Calcutta in the early nineteen eighties.

He has   publications on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. He developed an inexpensive model for laser cooling of atoms, the first such experimental work in a university in India. He was a participant in the European Commission sponsored International Collaborative Project Coherent Optical Sensors for Medical Applications (COSMA) involving nine countries of the world. He worked on this project at Sofia and Siena.

He was Research Scientist at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation at Ulm, Mainz, Konstanz, Freiburg and Koeln in Germany, Senior Invitation Fellow of JSPS in Japan and a visiting professor at Indiana University.

He published more than hundred and fifteen papers and three books:Laser Physics and Spectroscopy  published by Taylor and Francis, in 2018,  Physics with Cold Atoms'  and Physics Applications

As vice chancellor of Jadavpur University he established a School of Nuclear Sciences and began a post graduate course on Nuclear Engineering, the first such course in India. He took initiative to establish Jadavpur University Press, a publication centre of the University.

He received a Mother Teresa Lifetime Achievement Award for contribution to education. He is former President of the Indian Physical Society and a founder member of the Indian Association of Physics Teachers.

title: Pradip Narayan Ghosh


text:
Talk:Sagas of Iceland (The History of the Vikings – Volume 1)

If linking the topics of the songs is not suitable, at least linking the names of indivduals and titles that reference topics verbatim is? (The bracketed parts are parts of the song titles). I only did it because it's sure to be of interest to people. --<IP_ADDRESS> 23:19, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia policy is to avoid links that take the reader to an article that they weren't expecting (especially so-called "easter-egg" links). If a song title is linked, the link should be to an article on the song.  If the song is suitable for a separate article, that article would probably link to the articles to which you've linked.
 * The claim about what is going to happen is unsourced; can you give a citation for the plan for two future albums? --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 08:42, 21 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
User:Skv28/sandbox

Adriano Zumbo is a renowned Australian patissier and chef, famous for delighting audiences with his unique croquembouche tower, V8 cake and fairytale house on MasterChef Australia. Dubbed as the “sweet assassin”, Zumbo is also well known for terrifying Masterchef contestants with his technically challenging desserts. Zumbo’s creations are unique in their names as well exceptional in the technique he applies. The use of unusual ingredients such as black olive and beetroot and naming each of his creations are Zumbo’s biggest assets.

Zumbo, as he is known in the culinary world, has also appeared on a documentary television series ‘Zumbo’, featuring the daily routine of the chef at his Balmain kitchen business. It screened on SBS One Thursdays at 7:30pm.

Biography
Adriano Zumbo was born to Calabrese-Italian parents and raised in Coonamble, 164 kilometers northwest of Dubbo, New South Wales. Adriano’s parents owned the local IGA supermarket where he developed a sweet tooth and a keen business sense. His early years were spent in Italy where he learned to appreciate various types of coffee, reflected in the coffee inspired culinary items found at the various patisseries he owns around Sydney.

After finishing school at Year 10, Adriano traveled to Sydney to start his pastry chef apprenticeship in 1997. He worked under renowned culinary icons in Australia and France including Ramon Morato and Pierre Hermé.

Adriano started his career by supplying homemade tarts, muffins, brownies and banana bread to local cafes in Sydney. He later switched to selling goods to grower’s market before opening his first patisserie in Balmain in 2007. Today, Adriano Zumbo owns four Sydney patisseries in Balmain, Manly, Star City and Rozelle. Besides appearing as a guest judge on Masterchef and an observational documentary series, 2011 saw Adrian Zumbo release his first book ‘Zumbo Book’.

title: User:Skv28/sandbox


text:
Senator McCreery (disambiguation)

Thomas C. McCreery (1816–1890) was a U.S. Senator from Kentucky from 1868 to 1871. Senator McCreery may also refer to:

 * John W. McCreery (1845–1917), West Virginia State Senate
 * William McCreery (Maryland politician) (1750–1814), Maryland State Senate

title: Senator McCreery (disambiguation)


text:
User:Ben p sam

Ben P Sam(born 19 July 1994)is a mechanical engineer

Follow on
facebook:-https://www.facebook.com/benpsam

twitter:-https://twitter.com/Benpsam

google+:-https://plus.google.com/u/0/101790913462845915881/posts

Hobbies
Watching tv,daily exercise,playing cricket

Higher Secondary in scshss thiruvalla
I have completed my higher secondary [+2] at Syrian Christian Seminary Higher Secondary School, Thiruvalla last year. It is a part of SCS campus which situated in the heartland of Thiruvalla. Even though there are many schools in Thiruvalla municipal corperation, it is the only school located in proper Thiruvalla [SCS Junction]. It is established in 1908 and owned by 'The MarThoma Evangelistic Association'. The school celebrated its centenary in 2002.teachers are very frendly for students Our principal, susi george has played a major role in the success of our schoolshe is very strict.She has a special ability to guide the staff and students in a good discipline. She handles everything abroitly.Everything was going smoothly under her leadership. Teachers were very friendly and selfless. We could ask them anything as if to our parents. They are well-equipped and dedicated and able to find any problems or difficuties of a student. They help students to discover their genuine skills and talents and encourage them to develop it. We are provided with several counselling sessions to discuss our problems with professional counsellers. The school has a good laboratory facilities. There are separate lab for physics, chemistry, biology and computer science. It has also a vast library to refer books. Students can also take books to their home for one week or more. There is a big playground in the campus, where revenue district sports' meets are often conduct.

The institution gives importance to curricular as well as extra curricular activities. It is one of the top schools with good academic performance in Pathanamthitta District. Students actively participate in state level school games, youth festivals and other competitions and often receive awards and applause.

Inspite of vicinity to a town atmosphere, the school is unpolluted and healthy. A noticeable speciality of this school is its natural beauty and cool atmosphere.We can feel the quietness of a village within the SCS campus.The school is near to private as well as transpot bus stand and also to railway station. So it is easy to get there.

My Parents
father Sam P Cherian

mother Mariam Sam

Brother
Cherian P Sam(born on 10-10-1991)is an engineer,he is interested in cricket,football.

follow on facebook:-https://www.facebook.com/cherian.sam.1

title: User:Ben p sam


text:
Korean/Lesson I3

"And" and "And?" "Or" or "Or"?
One thing that varies in Korean is that there is a difference between an “and” for a verb and an “and” for a noun. In this lesson, we will learn these ands, ors, and buts. It just so happens that today 찬호 is introducing his friends to Joseph, so this is a perfect opportunity to use these forms! (Don't feel overwhelmed, there's only 3 ways to say each!)

 * 찬호: 오늘 저는 조세프에게 친구들을 소개하겠습니다.
 * 조세프: 오케이! 기대합니다!
 * 찬호: 저 친구들은 "연희"와 "가영"입니다.
 * 저세프: 만나서 반갑습니다!
 * 연희와 가영: 반갑습니다.
 * 연희: 조세프는 미국에서 왔고 한국말을 공부하고 있습니까?
 * 조세프: 네, 그래요.
 * 가영: 와우! 고생 많네요! 한식을 좋아합니까?
 * 조세프: 양식이나 한식 둘 다 좋아합니다. 하지만, 한국에서 양식을 먹지 않습니다.
 * 가영: 그렇군요... 학교에 걸어갑니까? 아니면 버스를 탑니까?
 * 찬호: 집에서 버스를 타지 못합니다. 걸어가거나 뛰어갑니다. 하하하!

The above example has several new forms in it because of the differentiation between noun "and/or" & verb "and/or". We'll look at the examples and pick out new vocabulary, and then discuss new grammar separately.

 * 찬호: 오늘 저는 조세프에게 친구들을 소개하겠습니다.
 * 조세프: 오케이! 기대합니다!

소개하다 means "to introduce." It's used really often when talking about friends and people you know, but it can also be used to refer to something like "introducing information." Following that, 기대하다 means "to await expectedly or excitedly." This can also be said 기대되다, which sometimes sounds more natural.

 * 찬호: 저 친구들은 "연희"와 "가영"입니다.

Here we meet the noun connective particle 와 (“and”) and its alternative 과, used after consonants. More information can be learned about this in the following section, but its use is fairly straight forward.

 * 찬호: 만나서 반갑습니다!
 * 연희와 가영: 반갑습니다.

Nothing new here.

 * 연희: 조세프는 미국에서 왔고 한국말을 공부하고 있습니까?
 * 조세프: 네, 그래요.

오다 means “to come” (the form you see, "왔-" in this sentence is past tense.) but the connective verb suffix -고 (“and”) is connected to it (왔고). 에서 in this case means “from”. (So keep track! You now know it means “from” or “at”.) Finally, Joseph responds with 그래요 (“that’s right”).

 * 가영: 와! 고생 많네요! 한식을 좋아합니까?
 * 조세프: 양식이나 한식 둘 다 좋아합니다. 하지만, 한국에서는 양식을 먹지 않습니다.

가영 uses a phrase that is often heard in Korea: "고생 많다." This means "you have lots of struggles," but is used sort of like "must be difficult," a sort of compliment for the listener who might be going through hard times. The ending on this is "VS+군요" Which is a sort of exclamatory form. This will also be discussed in the next section. "한식" means "Korean food," a sort of contraction of "한국 음식," and "양식" is "Western food." Can you guess the contraction for this one?

Joseph links the two with "N+(이)나" which is "or" for nouns. The verb form is "VS+거나" (discussed later, of course). "둘 다" means "both" Afterwards, Joseph uses the stand-alone word "하지만," meaning "however" or "but." The verb form of this is "VS+지만." It's simplicity doesn't merit any further discussion.

 * 가영: 그렇군요... 학교에 걸어갑니까? 아니면 버스를 탑니까?
 * 찬호: 집에서 버스를 타지 못합니다. 걸어가거나 뛰어갑니다. 하하하!

<>

title: Korean/Lesson I3


text:
Riverside School

Riverside School may refer to:

 * Riverside School, Barking, United Kingdom
 * Riverside School, Goole, Goole, United Kingdom
 * Riverside School, Prague, Czech Republic
 * Riverside School (Fishers, Indiana), United States
 * Riverside School (Elkins, West Virginia), United States, a historic school building
 * Riverside School (Zimbabwe), Gweru, Zimbabwe

title: Riverside School


text:
Wikiversity:Assessment

Thank you for your interest in the Quality of Wikiversity. This project page is a central facility for assessing Wikiversity's content, its organization, its effectiveness as a learning/teaching community and its overall value as a free and open educational resource.

This page, like Wikiversity itself – indeed, the whole Wikimedia metacommunity (Wikipedia, Wiktionary, etc.) — is a work-in-progress. The idea is to develop uniform methods for assessing everything here from the quality of individual pages like lessons, learning materials and Portals to large project groups such as Schools, Divisions and Departments. The idea for this facility was first discussed at Meta-Wiki and Wikibooks, then at learning to learn a wiki way.

Your participation and input is greatly valued. A quick and easy way for you to get involved immediatly is to express your overall assessment of Wikiversity on a scale of 1 to 10 at Quality.

Assessment basics
This facility is based upon assessment methods and tools first used by Wikipedia's Version 1.0 Editorial Team. Please be patient while we adapt this system for use at Wikiversity. To get involved, please participate at Learning to learn a wiki way and join the dicussion there. 22:42, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

Methods
Where Wikipedia's focus is to produce quality of content, Wikiversity's focus is to produce quality of experience. Like WikiProjects at Wikipedia, Project groups here are entities consisting of groups of contributors focused on developing content for general or specific topics. Unlike Wikipedia, which is focused mainly on encyclopedia artcles, Wikiversity must also accommodate more dynamic and diverse types of content and a deeper sense of interactivity.

The university context requires a bit more depth and scope in order to encompass not only content but the learning process as well. Assessment is thus extended to include organizational and social aspects, effectiveness, participation, appeal, aesthetics and other less tangible qualities that apply to a range of colloquial and topical elements.

Alignment
The naming conventions at Wikiversity help to align it with "real-world" colleges and universities. One of the primary goals of our self-assessment strategy is to present an organizational structure that reflects the rest of academia in a logical and general way without becoming overly rigid or conventional. Wikiversity Schools for example, are responsible for establishing Portals that allow easy navigation from the general to the specific. Subject areas should be aligned to some extent with "brick and morter" university settings.

Participation
Participation is crucial to the success and effectiveness of any educational organization. Wikiversity is a wiki – an extremely editable online resource, therefore allows a degree of participation unavailable even on many online universities. Participation is assessed by both the quantity of user-contributors and the quality of that which is contributed.

Collaboration
Learning and teaching in a group setting requires a commitment to relevance and logical integrity. Efforts can be parallel but best not duplicated. Learning group formation should be open, flexible and creative – organized but not too rigid. Context is important. Specificity is likely the key to effective communication.

Civility
As we are learning to learn a wiki way, we should all work together and get along. Wikiversity needs to be "cool".

Content
Wikiversity content pages and sets of pages are assessed similarly to Wikipedia:Version 1.0 methods.

title: Wikiversity:Assessment


text:
Talk:Dave Talerico

Nicholas Talerico
Hey Dave. I moved to Alaska recently and seen my last name. I don't see that name too often. Talerico is rare it seems. Justbwanted to say hello NICHOLAS TALERICO <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:53, 27 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dave Talerico


text:
Let's Be Closer Together

Let's Be Closer Together is an album by Tyrone Davis, released in 1977. It was his second Columbia Records release. It was remastered and expanded through Funkytowngrooves in 2015.

Singles
The album's lead single, "This I Swear", reached No. 6 on the Billboard Hot Soul Singles chart, while the follow-up, "All You Got", peaked at No. 32 on the same chart.

Critical reception
Billboard wrote that Davis "provides a particularly neat package of pleasing material delivered in his roguishly appealing bad-little-boy style."

Track listing

 * 1) "All You Got" (Leo Graham) – 6:06
 * 2) "I Just Can't Keep On Going" (James Mack, Leo Graham) - 4:34
 * 3) "If That's What It Takes" (Leo Graham) - 4:28
 * 4) "Playing in the Sand" (Leo Graham) - 5:22
 * 5) "This I Swear" (Leo Graham) - 5:55
 * 6) "I Got Carried Away" (Leo Graham) - 5:02
 * 7) "You Need Love" (Leo Graham) - 3:33
 * 8) "Let's Be Closer Together" (James Mack, Leo Graham)- 5:41

title: Let's Be Closer Together


text:
Niccolò Brancaccio

Niccolò Brancaccio (Brancas, in French) (c. 1335/1340 – 29 June 1412) was born in the Kingdom of Naples, perhaps in Naples itself. He was Archbishop of Bari and then Archbishop of Cosenza, while serving in the Roman Curia in Avignon. He became a cardinal of the Avignon Obedience in 1378, and was Cardinal Priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere and then Cardinal Bishop of Albano. He participated in the Council of Pisa in 1409, and was one of the electors of Pope Alexander V and of Pope John XXIII.

Biography
Niccolò was the son of Marino Brancaccio and Giacoma d'Aversa. His elder brother Francesco "Fusco" was Signore di Laviano e Trentola, and his younger brother was Baffilo Brancaccio, Count of Anagni and Marshal of the Holy Roman Church. They were relatives of Bartolomeo Prignano (Pope Urban VI), on their mother's side of the family.

Early career
He obtained the degree of Doctor of Civil Law, probably from the University of Naples, and was given a Canonry in the Cathedral Chapter of Naples. He was named a papal chaplain (Monsignor) and Auditor Causarum Sacri Palatii (judge). He took his oath of office on 29 May 1366.

He was appointed Archbishop of Bari on 12 April 1367 by Pope Urban V. He became an intimate advisor of Queen Joanna I of Naples. He was transferred to the diocese of Cosenza on 13 January 1377 by Pope Gregory XI; his successor as Archbishop of Bari was Bartolomeo Prignano, who became Urban VI.

In April 1377 Brancaccio, Archbishop of Cosenza, and Matteo da Gesualdo were sent by Queen Joanna of Naples on a mission to the Signoria in Florence, to attempt to mediate in the war between Pope Gregory XI and the Florentine Republic. The embassy was not a success.

Niccolò was in Naples when Prignano became pope in April 1378, and he was one of the ambassadors sent by the Queen to salute Urban as the new pope. When he had returned to Naples and heard that Robert of Geneva had been elected Pope Clement VII at Fondi on 20 September, the Queen and he immediately changed their obedience and supported Clement. In a deposition on the Schism, the Archbishop of Cosenza remarks that the Queen had no personal reason to prefer Robert of Geneva. Quite the contrary, there had been dissension between Robert and the cardinal of Bologna, the Queen's uncle. But the Archbishop of Cosenza was immediately sent on an embassy to Clement VII.

Cardinal
Niccolò Brancaccio was named a cardinal by Pope Clement VII in his first Consistory for the promotion of cardinals on 16 December 1378, and was assigned the titular church of Santa Maria in Trastevere. At the time of his promotion he held the office of Regens Cancellarium, making him second-in-command to Cardinal Pierre de Monteruc, the Vice-Chancellor. In 1379 Pope Clement named Niccolò a Canon of the Cathedral Chapter of Lyon. Another of his benefices was the Priory of Luneil le Vieil. In 1379 Niccolò moved to Avignon along with the Papal Curia and Pope Clement.

Following the death of Pope Clement VII on Wednesday, 16 September 1394, Cardinal Brancaccio was one of twenty-one cardinals who gathered in Conclave to elect a successor. The Conclave opened on Saturday, 26 September 1394, and concluded on Monday, 28 September 1394, with the election of Cardinal Pedro de Luna, who took the name of Benedict XIII.

On 1 March 1388 in Le Mans, Cardinal Brancaccio participated in the signing of the marriage contract between Louis II, King of Sicily, and Yolanda, daughter of the King of Aragon. On 18 April 1388 Cardinal Anglico Grimoard, Suburbicarian Bishop of Albano, died, and he was succeeded (c. 1390, according to Eubel) by Cardinal Brancaccio.

Trouble with Benedict XIII
On 1 September 1398 at Villeneuve eighteen cardinals, among them Niccolò Brancaccio, published the retraction of their obedience to Benedict XIII. A few weeks later, after negotiations with the pontiff, they returned to their obedience.

On 29 June 1408, thirteen cardinals (who held the proxies of two additional cardinals) met in the port city of Livorno in Italy, where they prepared a manifesto, in which they pledged themselves to summon a general council of the Church to solve the problem of the Great Western Schism. One of them was Niccolò Brancaccio, Cardinal Bishop of Albano. When the Council finally met on 25 March 1409, Brancaccio was a prominent member of the Council. When the vote was called for on 10 May 1409 in the matter of deposing and anathematizing Benedict XIII and Gregory XII, the vote was nearly unanimous, except for Cardinal Guy de Malsec and Cardinal Niccolò Brancaccio, who asked for more time to consider. The sentence was finally read on 5 June.

Conclaves
Brancaccio was one of the twenty-four cardinals who took part in the Conclave that was held during the Council, from 15 June to 26 June 1409. Cardinal Pietro Filargo was elected, and chose the name Alexander V. Unfortunately he survived only 10½ months, but during that time, in a gesture intended to heal the wounds of the schism, he issued a papal decree legitimizing all of the cardinals of all the obediences.

The Conclave to elect his successor took place in Bologna from 15 to 17 May 1410, and again Niccolò Brancaccio was one of the seventeen cardinals who participated. The Neapolitan Cardinal Baldassare Cossa was elected, and chose the name John XXIII.

Cardinal Niccolò Brancaccio died in Florence on 29 June 1412, and was buried in the church of Santa Maria Novella.

title: Niccolò Brancaccio


text:
Filmmaking Basics/Formatting the Script/Analyze the story

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1. What is the Location?

 * Obviously, the story takes place outside a theater. That is easy!!!
 * We do not actually say which theater. In actuality, we will use a 3D matte painting to turn our humble movie set into a theater on another galaxy far, far away.
 * For now, we just write down:

 * Scene Introduction (INTERIOR vs. EXTERIOR)?
 * Exterior which is abbreviated EXT.

 * The Location?
 * Simply say Movie Theater! for the location.

 * The Time?
 * The time will be Night since most movies end at night. However, we will probably film at dusk so we'll have better lighting.

2. Who are the characters in this story?

 * There are only two speaking roles in our movie. Extra people such as people in the background are never listed in a movie script.

 * The old and wise person will be simply called OLD PERSON.

 * The young person will be called YOUNG PERSON. We don't want to limit our choice to one gender.

3. What is the dialog for this story?
We need to write down just the words that are spoken. This is the meat of the script.

 * The young person says:
 * That was a great movie... but I don't understand one thing.

 * The older person says:
 * Hum, what's that?

 * The younger person says:
 * I don't understand how anyone can be seduced by the dark side.

 * The older person says:
 * What computer do you use at home?

 * The younger person says:
 * A Macintosh.

 * The older person says:
 * And what computer does your father use at work?

 * The younger person says:
 * Seduced by the Dark Side!!!

4. What are the actions in this story?
The actions are what goes on in the story that is not dialog. For a movie script, this must be very short. Notice how much of the story is eliminated and not included in the actions.

At the beginning of the scene, all you need to say is

 * Action:
 * An old and wise person and a young person stand in front of a movie poster.

 * Action:
 * They begin to walk away.

5. What is the ending transition for this story?
At the end of the scene, all you need to say is:

 * Transition:
 * Fade Out

Done!
That is all the information you need to type the script. Right? Maybe not! For the animated version, we need more. See the note to the right.

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Analyze the Story
Here is the information you will need to type the script:
 * The location
 * The time of day (Day, Night)
 * The names of the characters
 * The dialog
 * The action
 * The parenthetical descriptions for the dialog
 * The transitions

Re-read the story. As you read the story, write down this information so you will be ready to type the script. Then check with the answers on the left.

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"Warning, Will Robinson!"

Did we forget something?

Young Person: "Hummmm!

In the script for the animated version, we also need to include any vocal sound effects. If a person says, "Hummmm" or "Ahhhh", we need to include that in the animated script. When recording the dialog for the animated script, you must be very specific.

 * 1. When the young person thinks, do we need a "Humm"sound?

 * 2. When the old person thinks, do we need a "Humm" sound?

 * 3. And when the Old Person smiles, do we need a "Ahhh" sound?

The answer is "yes" for the animated version of our movie.

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The Next Page

 * Continue this lesson on Page 3 - Learn Final Draft

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