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Teletraffic engineering/What is the High loss calculation

tephen Kyalo Musango Makonge

Module 7 of the Teletraffic Textbook

What is the high loss and how can it be calculated (High loss calculation)?

Introduction
High loss systems is a common phenomenon in many telecommunications systems and therefore the knowledge of what it is, how it can be determined, and how it can be alleviated is of importance to any telecommunications service provider. This discussion is aimed at providing an understanding the high-loss system and its calculation. Emphasis has been made to generalize the theory based on a switching system that suffers a high loss situation generated by a ‘peculiar’ but common subscriber calling phenomenon. Traditional erlang lost calculations do not take into considerations the abnormal behavior that occurs in high loss systems and therefore an alternative approach must be sought.

High loss system
A high loss system is characterized by a considerable increase in offered traffic above the system capacity and resultant congestion which may result to overload. This is a phenomenon that occurs when callers reattempt calls when faced with congestion. Congestion leads to further congestion [1]. The offered traffic ceases to follow a poissonian arrival process and becomes a function of blocking. This avalanche like effect leads to an overload which may in turn go to the extent of bringing down the system leading to zero carried traffic. As this happens, the size of offered traffic continues to grow immensely.

Consider an example when a telecommunications service company announces a very attractive tariff promotion that has a stated time of offer. Subscribers will want to take advantage of the promotion and if the company did not anticipate the increase in traffic or considered classical methods in forecasting traffic, will suffer congestion. Circuits will all get occupied and subscribers encountering blocked calls will redial one or more times. Many events that can lead a switching system going to a high-loss situation such as:

·	Failure of a load sharing component/s leading to reduced capacity under normal traffic conditions.

·	Failure of a link or a switching system leading to callers attempting to call their intended calls at about the same time.

·	Unplanned introduction of a service that attracts a sudden or upswing demand.

Users may affect the system in two kinds of behavior: Impatience and reattempts [2].

Impatience
Impatience can be placed in two kinds which are: premature dialing and premature hanging up[2].

Premature dialing
Premature dialing comes in to play when the traffic load is high an the normal call setup times are not as fast. For instance, when a caller has been used to an instant dial tone goes off-hook and start dialing before the dial tone arrives, he is unaware that the digits recognized are from when the dial tone arrived. The switch will get only part of the digits dialed[2]. The subscriber will interpret this as a failed attempt and redial, but the switch has circuits and processor resources occupied.

Premature hang-up
The subscriber may go on-hook while his call is still being processed. But because of impatience hangs up. Use of tones to signal the user that connection is in progress can help to clear such a situation [2].

Reattempts
Erlang traffic calculations make assumptions about call arrival process which only apply in a balanced traffic scenario and where the user has patience. They assume that a queuing model where the caller has indefinite patience. They assume that the calls follow a poisonnian distribution process and calls encountering congestion exit from the system. They do not sufficiently take into consideration the abnormal process introduced about a high-loss system. In a high loss system, offered traffic is no longer a function of poissonian demand but a function of blocking[2].

A brief definition of terminology used in reattempts is necessary to understanding the analysis of a high loss system. Below are the main significant ones [2]:

Call demand: This is an intention or desire to make a call and results in a call attempt.

Call attempt: The operation of attempting to make a connection to the intended party in a communication.

Fresh call: The initial or first call attempt. Any other call attempt after this is a reattempt.

Coefficient of call repetition β: The average number of repeated calls after the call intention.

Efficiency rate r: a ratio of the number of successful call attempts to the number of call attempts.

Rank of reattempt n: The subsequent number of the reattempt after the first attempt.

Analysis of reattempts
The theory of reattempts can be assessed in a global model which analyses the quality and composition of offered traffic as determined by failure probability and subscriber behavior. Below is an illustration of a traffic system with reattempts (Adapted from [2] p205)

Where λc is the carried traffic that results in a successful connection, p is the probability of call rejection, R is the probability of caller resilience or perseverance, λo is the fresh traffic that is offered to the system. λ1 is the total traffic taken by the system which is a sum of fresh offered traffic and reattempted traffic. We can derive a relationship of a general model between the efficiency rate r, the probability of call rejection p and the call repetition coefficient β. From the diagram above we can deduce that

‘λc =λ1(1-p)’………………………………………………………......... (1)

λ1 = λo + Rp λ1 …………………………………..………….….…..… (2)

λ1 = λo / (1-Rp) = β λo…………………………....….....…...............(3)

Hence β = 1/ [1-R (1-r)]………………….………..............…………. (4)

We need to determine the probability of failure of a call reattempt in the nth rank of attempt. Let us consider a switching system which has m outgoing directions (trunk groups) with failure rates of fi, i=1, 2, 3,……..,m. let λoi be the fresh offered traffic towards a direction i.

The rate of failure in the first attempt can be determined as:

The general rate of failure at a reattempt of rank k can be given as:

Since the probability of arrival of the first call attempt can be described as a following poissonian distribution and the failure of the first attempt as following a blocking probability derived from Erlang B calculations, more specific derivation for the probability of a call reattempt failure can be modeled ([2]209) as below where F (t) is a function representing time distribution between call attempts.

Overload condition.
When the utilization of traffic handling and processing resources such as processors, memories, circuit and trunks goes beyond nominal, an overload condition presents itself. Different operators set different nominal values to indicate the level of overload such as 70% or 80%. At these levels the traffic engineers are alerted of an impeding overload. They may then take appropriate action such as increasing signaling capabilities, adding more circuits, defining and creating alternative routes, or control incoming traffic. A situation occurs when an actual overload occurs on the system which is above the user defined threshold. The offered traffic grows immensely

If the maximum processing load the processor can handle is φmax to carry a maximum traffic of λmax then φmax must be less than 1 to allow for the background tasks of the processor which cannot be delayed indefinitely. If the amount of traffic offered exceeds λmax and overload occurs and the calls have to be queued beyond a subscriber’s patience. The subscriber will reattempt the call and lead to further congestion. This cyclic process will lead to a breakdown of the system and carried traffic will be zero while the offered traffic continues to grow indefinitely the graph below [adapted from [2] 215].

The unpleasant consequence of overload is that is takes a long time before its effect clears and returns to a state of equilibrium.

Overload control.
A brief mention of methods that can be applied to control overload is important to know how to deal with overload and guarantee an acceptable level of service to users. Two methods can be applied. The first is regulation in centralized systems and the second one regulation in distributed systems [2].

Regulation in centralized systems
This operates in the principle of passive filtering of incoming calls in a last in first out basis (LIFO). This ensures that impatient customers who renew calls every time they fail to get connection are rejected by the system. The subscribers are placed in a queue contained in a buffer of limited size. Patient customers have a higher likelihood of getting a connection. If they do not dial prematurely, they are placed in a queue to wait for the processor to be free. The digits are evaluated from the last digit to avoid callers who go on-hook mid-dial or dial prematurely [2].

Regulation in distributed systems
In a distributed system, the task of detecting and handling calls and overloads is delegated to other distributed processors. Congestion control is done by distributed systems such as subscriber line interface peripherals. Since these elements handle less traffic, their probability of failure is low. The output of such systems is dimensioned to be such that the total load from all distributed systems cannot overload the central processor. This system adopts the last in first served approach where recent calls have the least probability of failing [2].

Conclusion.
In the foregoing discussion, we have described the high-loss system, its causes, effects, determination of its descriptive parameters and also two methods applied in alleviation the effects of an overload system. Also brought out is the limitation of erlang equations in predicting circuit requirements in for re-entrant traffic [1]. This is not an exhaustive analysis but an integration of the main aspects of a high-loss system. The control of overload requires an independent detailed analysis that could not be done here and further reading is recommended.

Further reading suggestions
1.	Songhurst D. Subscriber Repeat Attempts, Congestion, and Quality of Service: A Study Based On Network Simulation. Proceedings of the 10th international teletraffic congress, Montréal, 1983, paper 5-2-4.

2.	Forys L., Performance Analysis Of A New Overload Strategy. Proceedings of the 10th international teletraffic congress, Montréal, 1983, paper 1-1-5.

Exercises
1.	What is a high loss system?

2.	What are the limitations of erlang loss calculations as far as a high loss systems concerned?

3.	define the following terms:

a)	Call demand

b)	Call attempt

c)	Rank of reattempt

d)	Efficiency rate

e)	Coefficient of repetition.

4.	A telecommunication system has carried traffic load of 0.583 erl. Find the total traffic including reattempt traffic. Determine also the blocked traffic if the probability call rejection is 0.36?

Solutions


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Cookbook:Kashkaval Pane (Bulgarian Fried Cheese)

Kashkaval pane (or Cașcaval pane) is a Bulgarian dish of fried Kashkaval, a type of cheese.

Ingredients

 * 12 oz yellow kashkaval cheese
 * Oil for deep frying
 * 2 eggs
 * Flour seasoned with salt and freshly ground black pepper
 * Bread crumbs
 * Flat-leaf parsley to garnish

Procedure

 * 1) Cut the yellow cheese into slices about ½ inch thick. Wet in water. Gently pat off any excess moisture with paper towels.
 * 2) Heat the oil in a pot until a small piece of bread sizzles as soon as it is dropped in.
 * 3) Beat the eggs in a shallow bowl, while the oil is heating.
 * 4) Spread some seasoned flour on a plate and some bread crumbs on another plate.
 * 5) Press the yellow cheese slices into the flour, coating them evenly with a thin layer of flour, shaking off any excess flour. Dip them into the egg, then into the bread crumbs, then once more into the egg, then again into the bread crumbs, covering the whole slice.
 * 6) Fry immediately in the hot oil until golden brown.
 * 7) Drain on paper towels and serve hot, garnished with parsley. Enjoy!

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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1956 South Carolina Gamecocks football team

The 1956 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 1956 college football season. Led by first-year head coach Warren Giese, the Gamecocks compiled an overall record of 7–3 with a mark of 5–2 in conference play, placing third in the ACC. The team played home games at Carolina Stadium in Columbia, South Carolina.


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User:Coral.williams/Evaluate an Article

Evaluate an article
This is where you will complete your article evaluation. Please use the template below to evaluate your selected article.

 * Name of article: (link) Streptococcus suis
 * Briefly describe why you have chosen this article to evaluate.
 * I have chosen this article as through my summer experience I worked with Hylife and this was a common disease for sudden deaths on farm in post weanlings.
 * Lead

 * Guiding questions

 * Does the Lead include an introductory sentence that concisely and clearly describes the article's topic?
 * Yes the lead introduces the topic although only mentions infection in swine where this bacterium can also infect other common mammals such as cattle, sheep and horses.
 * Does the Lead include a brief description of the article's major sections?
 * The lead includes mentioning the zoonotic part of the disease along with some modes of transmission but does not mention or refer to ways that the disease is diagnosed or detected on farms or in individuals.
 * Does the Lead include information that is not present in the article?
 * refers to certain treatment options in the lead which are not later mentioned should have just stated that treatment options are available. In the lead they should have not listed antibiotic sources as the first mode of treatment as general husbandry and early detection are most important at combating and reducing disease transmission.
 * Is the Lead concise or is it overly detailed?
 * The lead is short and concise. the lead does contain specifics which should have been left in the main content. the lead should have eluded more to what the content body was going to specify and kept it general.
 * The lead is short and concise. the lead does contain specifics which should have been left in the main content. the lead should have eluded more to what the content body was going to specify and kept it general.

Content

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article's content relevant to the topic?
 * Yes, all of the information is relevant to the topic.
 * Is the content up-to-date?
 * Most of the content is from 2006-2010 which is fairly up to date as this is not a new disease, although there is probably newer studies about control and treatment that could have been utilized.
 * One I found instantly is Feng Y, Zhang H, Wu Z, et al. Streptococcus suis infection: an emerging/reemerging challenge of bacterial infectious diseases?. Virulence. 2014;5(4):477-497. doi:10.4161/viru.28595
 * Another option as they should have not been biased to antibiotic use and identified some of the cautions that should be taken when considering an antibiotic. A book that could have been cited is Seitz M., Valentin-Weigand P., Willenborg J. (2016) Use of Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine as Exemplified by the Swine Pathogen Streptococcus suis. In: Stadler M., Dersch P. (eds) How to Overcome the Antibiotic Crisis. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 398. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2016_506
 * Is there content that is missing or content that does not belong?
 * In the epidemiology and transmission they list direct contact, but do not go into more detail about what this includes.
 * Under clinical signs they mention meningitis, although do not care to mention how this occurs as host inflammation plays a role in the bacterium making its way into the CNS. They also miss to mention how the respiratory tract is affected, which areas of the tract are common for colonization, how does the infection affect the joints (systemic infection causing septicaemia)
 * Under treatment they leave biosecurity and the type of disinfectant open. where could have given some options for the reader like introducing naive animals through a quarantine barn or the use of iodine or hypochlorite as a disinfection method.
 * Under clinical signs they mention meningitis, although do not care to mention how this occurs as host inflammation plays a role in the bacterium making its way into the CNS. They also miss to mention how the respiratory tract is affected, which areas of the tract are common for colonization, how does the infection affect the joints (systemic infection causing septicaemia)
 * Under treatment they leave biosecurity and the type of disinfectant open. where could have given some options for the reader like introducing naive animals through a quarantine barn or the use of iodine or hypochlorite as a disinfection method.

Tone and Balance

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article neutral?
 * I think that the article is neutral on the topic but puts a lot of weight on antibiotic use. Since, antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern rapid detection and routine disinfection should be eluded to first.
 * Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position? Only claim would be towards specific antibiotics. The antibiotic class should have been listed as depending on the administration route, intramuscular by needle or needless system the type of antibiotics used vary. antibiotic that can be used also vary by farm due to susceptibility testing.
 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
 * I think that the zoonoses part is over presented as they discussed a few outbreaks that occurred in China and Cambodia, where even treatment and control they did not care to discuss or go into depth about control strategies. This would have been an area that should be enhanced in an effort to reduce possible species passover.
 * Does the article attempt to persuade the reader in favor of one position or away from another?
 * I fell like the article doesn't sway to favour a position but definitely favours the use of antimicrobials over other control and mitigation efforts.
 * Does the article attempt to persuade the reader in favor of one position or away from another?
 * I fell like the article doesn't sway to favour a position but definitely favours the use of antimicrobials over other control and mitigation efforts.
 * I fell like the article doesn't sway to favour a position but definitely favours the use of antimicrobials over other control and mitigation efforts.

Sources and References

 * Guiding questions

 * Are all facts in the article backed up by a reliable secondary source of information?
 * I think that one of the zoonotic stories should of had a better reference than CNN as news tends to over exaggerate without specific or correct facts to back statements.
 * other references are from published journals or scientific articles.
 * Are the sources thorough - i.e. Do they reflect the available literature on the topic?
 * They could have gotten sources on the different serotypes, how the immune system is affected, how host inflammation is important in causing a systemic infection, how it is passed onto young through vaginal secretions and at nursing, and how the age of pigs affected in mainly 2-5 weeks post-weaning.
 * Are the sources current?
 * I think that more current sources especially on serotyping could have been used.Goyette-Desjardins G, Auger JP, Xu J, Segura M, Gottschalk M. Streptococcus suis, an important pig pathogen and emerging zoonotic agent-an update on the worldwide distribution based on serotyping and sequence typing. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2014;3(6):e45. doi:10.1038/emi.2014.45
 * Here is a paper about the pathogenesis, epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance. Segura M, Aragon V, Brockmeier SL, et al. Update on Streptococcus suisResearch and Prevention in the Era of Antimicrobial Restriction: 4th International Workshop on S. suis. Pathogens. 2020;9(5):374. Published 2020 May 14. doi:10.3390/pathogens9050374
 * Check a few links. Do they work?
 * Yes, the links all work.
 * Check a few links. Do they work?
 * Yes, the links all work.
 * Yes, the links all work.

Organization

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article well-written - i.e. Is it concise, clear, and easy to read
 * Yes, the article is easy to read. Although is lacking detailed information that should be included on such a specific pathogen.
 * Does the article have any grammatical or spelling errors?
 * There are a few grammatical errors such as, "An individual pig can carry more than serotype in their nasal cavity". I am assuming this is to be more than one, but when reading an article on a topic no information should be assumed.
 * Another is they said will boar instead of plural boars.
 * Is the article well-organized - i.e. broken down into sections that reflect the major points of the topic?
 * No I think that detection should have been before treatment and control and that before zoonotic outbreaks some information regarding the serotypes should have been included.
 * Is the article well-organized - i.e. broken down into sections that reflect the major points of the topic?
 * No I think that detection should have been before treatment and control and that before zoonotic outbreaks some information regarding the serotypes should have been included.

Images and Media

 * Guiding questions

 * Does the article include images that enhance understanding of the topic?
 * There are no images which make it look wordy. There could have been inclusion about sample collection, what the bacterium looks like, or clinical signs that are displayed by the animals infected with the disease.
 * Are images well-captioned?
 * N/A
 * Do all images adhere to Wikipedia's copyright regulations?
 * N/A
 * Are the images laid out in a visually appealing way?
 * N/A

Checking the talk page

 * Guiding questions

 * What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
 * There are only ratings and saying which wiki boards the article is in scope for, ie wiki project Veterinary medicine.
 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
 * rated as a start-class which I agree with
 * Wikiprojects Microbiology and Veterinary medicine.
 * How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?
 * I think that it is very general and doesn't go into enough depth for veterinary purposes.

Overall impressions

 * Guiding questions

 * What is the article's overall status?
 * I am sure what this means. Only thing I can find is that is a start class on mid importance of the project scale.
 * What are the article's strengths?
 * Short, easy to read and concise
 * Good for young uneducated laymen to get a gist of the topic.
 * How can the article be improved?
 * More concise have more peer reviewed references. More up to date referencing aswell.
 * Include information on serotypes, the importance of systemic infection on clinical signs and common ages affected.
 * Have a general overview at the beginning on detection, treatment and diagnosis
 * How would you assess the article's completeness - i.e. Is the article well-developed? Is it underdeveloped or poorly developed?
 * I think this is underdeveloped.

Overall evaluation

 * I think that this is a good start but needs lots of recreation and information additions.

Optional activity

 * Choose at least 1 question relevant to the article you're evaluating and leave your evaluation on the article's Talk page. Be sure to sign your feedback

with four tildes — ~

 * Link to feedback:Talk:Coccidiosis

Category:Wikipedia Student Program Category:Swine Category:Disease canada

title: User:Coral.williams/Evaluate an Article


text:
Category:Wikipedians interested in hockey

This user category contains the user pages of Wikipedians who are fans of ice hockey.
 * For Wikipedians who play ice hockey, see Category:Wikipedian ice hockey players.


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Rick Fagel

Rick Fagel (born November 29, 1953) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

Career
Fagel played collegiate tennis at Columbia University and won the Ivy League Championship in 1972, beating Vitas Gerulaitis in the final.

He appeared in 14 Grand Slam during his career. His best performance came at the 1977 US Open, where he reached the third round, with wins over Russell Simpson and Antonio Munoz. He was a mixed doubles quarter-finalist at the 1981 French Open, with German Eva Pfaff as his partner. En route they defeating a pairing consisting of Billie Jean King and Ilie Năstase. Fagel defeated John McEnroe at the Cincinnati Grand Prix tournament in 1977. He was eliminated at the semi-final stage, by Mark Cox. The following year he made the quarter-finals of the Florence Open. In 1980 he and partner David Carter were doubles runners-up at the Sarasota Grand Prix.

title: Rick Fagel


text:
Intelligent Agents

An intelligent agent is a machine (either virtual or physically realized) that is provided input from its environment and generates output based on the input. An agent differs from a mathematical function or computer subroutine in that an agent interacts with its environment for an extended amount of time. Human beings are examples of intelligent agents. Human beings receive stimuli to their nervous systems from the world around them and respond with appropriate actions. A simple example seen in real life, is the robotic vacuum cleaner that changes its movements in response to readings taken from the environment, with the result that the robot appears to navigate intelligently around obstacles.

An agent's inner workings may either keep a record of past input or determine its output only from its current input. If an agent's output only depends on its current input, a simple acyclic arrangement of logic gates may determine the output, and hence the appropriate action, from the the values present at the current time on its input sensors. In this context acyclic implies that the outputs of the logic gates can't feed back into previous inputs. Cyclic logic gate arrangements allow circuits to act as memory (e.g. with flip-flops) and so make decisions based not only on the current state of the world, but also by considering things that have happened in the past. If an agent can store past inputs and its actions depend on past inputs, it can be described formally as a finite state automaton (FSA). A finite state automaton can be in one of a (finite) number of internal states. Each time a FSA receives an input, it may produce an output and may change its internal state. Both the output and the new internal state depend on both the current input and the internal state. Because a FSA has a limited number of internal states, an agent can only store a maximum amount of information about its past experiences. Because an agent cannot keep a memory of every input it has received, an agent must be able to determine what information is worth remembering.

Although any agent can be described in principle with a FSA, in practice the FSA model may not be the easiest way to understand an intelligent agent. It may be easier to understand some agents as consisting of neural networks or other computational components.

title: Intelligent Agents


text:
File:Pfeiffercast.jpg

Rationale for the fair use of this image:

 * No free images are known to exist, and as the show has long ceased production, it would be impossible to create a free one.
 * The image depicts the characters and their attitudes and relative positions, and so is vital to any article about the show.
 * The image is used for identification and informational purposes, and is not believed to detract significantly from the original work.
 * The images from a UPN staged photo of the cast for promotional purposes (http://upn11tv.com/wiki/images/4/4d/Pfeiffercast.jpg).

title: File:Pfeiffercast.jpg


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Cookbook:Black-Eyed Peas and Kale

| Vegan cuisine | Side dishes

Black-eyed peas and kale is a tasty side dish suitable for vegans.

Ingredients

 * 1 tbsp olive oil
 * 2 cloves garlic, chopped
 * 1 medium onion, chopped
 * 1 can (15 oz) diced tomatoes, undrained
 * 1 can (15 oz) black-eyed peas, drained
 * ¼–½ tsp cayenne pepper
 * 1 bay leaf
 * 1 package (10 oz) frozen kale, thawed
 * Salt to taste
 * Pepper to taste

Procedure

 * 1) Sauté the onion and garlic in the oil over medium heat for several minutes.
 * 2) Add tomatoes and their juice, peas, cayenne and bay leaf. Simmer, covered, for 15 minutes.
 * 3) Add kale and simmer uncovered until kale is tender but still green (5–10 minutes). Season to taste with salt and freshly-ground black pepper.

Nutritional information
Per serving: 210 calories; 10 g protein; 4 g fat; 34 g carbohydrate; 0 mg cholesterol

title: Cookbook:Black-Eyed Peas and Kale


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DeKalb High School (Illinois)

DeKalb High School is a public high school located in DeKalb, Illinois, in the United States. It is part of DeKalb Community Unit School District 428.

History
DeKalb High School dates its founding to the early 1900s as "DeKalb Township High School." The original campus was located on North First Street, now the site of Clinton Rosette Middle School. Then, constructed in 1967, a new campus building was completed on South Fourth Street and Barb Blvd., with three classroom and facility additions since then. During the 1990s and through 2008, the district experienced strong growth, resulting in severe overcrowding. On February 5, 2008, voters in the district approved a referendum to construct a new 400000 sqft high school facility on Dresser Road; east of Annie Glidden Road. The groundbreaking ceremony was held on May 27, 2009. It opened for the 2011-2012 school year. The former campus has been repurposed for use as Huntley Middle School, the former Huntley Middle school has been repurposed as Founders Elementary School, and the former Chesebro Elementary was repurposed as an Early Childhood/Pre-K Center.

Academics
In 2014, DeKalb had an average composite ACT score of 25.3, and graduated 96.6% of its senior class. In addition, the school placed in the top 10% of schools in the nation, according to US News.

Athletics
DeKalb's 22 athletic teams are known as the Barbs. This name comes from the fact that barbed wire was invented in DeKalb. Over the past century DeKalb has been a charter member of six high school athletic conferences: The Northern Illinois Football Conference in 1916, the North Central Illinois Conference in 1929, the Upstate Eight Conference in 1963, the Western Sun Conference in 2006, the Northern Illinois Big 12 Conference in 2010 and has been a member of the DuPage Valley Conference since 2019. DeKalb is a member of the Illinois High School Association.

National recognition
On February 7, 2009, the DHS basketball team gained national acclaim for an act of sportsmanship in a game against Milwaukee Madison High School. Just hours before the game began, Madison's senior captain Johntell Franklin learned of his mother's death. He initially informed his coach he would not play that night, but later came to the game and asked his coach to let him play. Since Franklin was not listed on the team roster, Madison would incur a technical foul, and DeKalb would get two free throws. DeKalb player Darius McNeal volunteered to take the free throws, and intentionally missed both, by rolling the ball out of bounds. Once the Madison team and fans realized that DeKalb had negated the foul to show support for Franklin, they stood and applauded. This act was reported extensively in the media, including ESPN.com, yahoo.com, World News Tonight, and the Lou Dobbs Report.

Music

 * In 2008 and 2012, the DHS Jazz Ensemble was named a finalist in the Essentially Ellington jazz ensemble competition, one of only 15 bands from all of North America to receive such honors.
 * The Dekalb High School Guys' a cappella group, Fly Check, won the ICHSA Midwest regional championship in 2007 and 2008, and they attended nationals in New York City both years. In 2011-12, 2014-15, and 2015-16, the mixed a cappella group "Enharmonic Fusion" was selected to go to New York City for the ICHSA Finals. In 2016-17, the group placed second at the national competition.
 * In the 2012-2013 school year, the DeKalb Marching Barbs were selected to perform, with other marching bands across the United States, at the half time show at the Sugar Bowl in New Orleans, Louisiana. During their stay in NOLA, the DHS Marching band competed against other bands in the region and won, with a clean sweep, making them able to be the band to hold the flag during the national anthem. At that time (senior), Max McArtor appeared on television on ESPN, and (sophomore) Veronica Sherman was shown on the Jumbotron twice.

Other extracurricular activities
DeKalb sponsors the following extracurricular activities:

 * Art Workshop
 * Anime Club
 * Badminton
 * DHS Marching Band
 * Baseball
 * Barb Wire Newspaper
 * Basketball
 * Bowling
 * Cheerleading
 * Class Organizations
 * Crobotics Robotics team
 * Cross Country
 * DCP/SAFE
 * Eco Buds
 * F.F.A.
 * Football
 * Forensics
 * French
 * Gamer's Guild
 * Genders and Sexualities alliance (GSA)
 * Graphics Club
 * Golf
 * Interact Club
 * Intramural Sports
 * Key Club
 * Math Team
 * Musicals

 * National Honor Society
 * New Pennies
 * Outdoor Adventure club
 * Peer Mediation
 * Plays
 * Pom Poms
 * S.A.D.D.
 * Scholastic Bowl
 * Shop Club
 * Sci-fi Club
 * Soccer
 * Softball
 * Spanish Club
 * String Band
 * Student Council
 * Swimming
 * Tennis
 * Track and Field
 * Voices of Diversity
 * Volleyball
 * W.Y.S.E.
 * Wrestling
 * Yearbook

Notable alumni

 * Cindy Crawford - Supermodel, cosmetics entrepreneur and television personality
 * Fred Eychaner - Media entrepreneur and philanthropist; founder of Newsweb and Sportsvision
 * Mike Heimerdinger - Former NFL assistant coach; 2x Super Bowl Champion (XXXII, XXXIII)
 * Toimi Jarvi - Former halfback for NFL's Philadelphia Eagles
 * Richard Jenkins - Academy Award-nominated and Emmy Award-winning actor
 * Dale and Alan Klapmeier - Aviation entrepreneurs and aircraft designers; founders of Cirrus
 * Doug Mallory - Assistant coach for NFL's Atlanta Falcons
 * Mike Mallory - Assistant coach for NFL's Jacksonville Jaguars
 * Karl Nelson - Former offensive tackle for NFL's New York Giants; Super Bowl Champion (XXI)
 * Reino Nori (1913–1988) - Quarterback for the NFL's Brooklyn Dodgers and Chicago Bears
 * Mel Owens - Former linebacker for NFL's Los Angeles Rams
 * Richard Powers - Writer and professor; Pulitzer Prize-winning author of The Overstory (2019)
 * Hellah Sidibe, former professional soccer player; ran across the United States in 2021
 * Evar Swanson - Former MLB outfielder for Cincinnati Reds and Chicago White Sox
 * W. Willard Wirtz - United States Secretary of Labor under John F. Kennedy

title: DeKalb High School (Illinois)


text:
House of Santen

The von Santen or von Zanten family (spelled variously, also including van Santen, van Zanten, and de Zanten) is an old German noble family from the Rhineland. One of the oldest extant German aristocratic families, they belong to the Uradel (‘ancient nobility’) of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster, a principality of the Holy Roman Empire.

History
The earliest known member of the family is Johannes de Santen, a Ministerial of the Prince-Bishop of Münster circa 1295. The family served the Prince-Bishops as knights for several centuries until moving north to the County of East Friesland following the Reformation. There, they joined the patriciate of Emden and became considerable landowners in the surrounding areas and, after 1744, other parts of Prussia. Eventually the family dispersed, and members now live all over the world.

Heraldry
Escutcheon: Argent, to a naissant stag Gules, mouv, of three fess wavy Azure in base and accompanied in chief in sinister of a rose of the second. Crest: an issuant stag Gules.

title: House of Santen


text:
Talk:CisLunarFreighter

This is referred to a mud. Does this imply the game is to be text based? --Remi 21:27, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
 * No, the game is intended to have graphics involved in the gameplay. It is possible that early prototypes of some game modules could be developed in text only.   Mirwin 20:41, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Cis?
What does CIS stand for?
 * Based on Cislunar space, I'd say "the volume between geostationary orbit and the moon's orbit". --JWSchmidt 04:37, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

Blender Game Engine
This project can be built entirely using Blender3D features such as the Blender Game Engine, 3D modelling/rendering using Blender's internal rendering system, Blender physics/particle system, animation/sequence editor, and scripting engine using the Python language. I propose we begin considering the stages of this production as an interactive animation project.--Brylie Oxley (discuss • contribs) 21:50, 4 February 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:CisLunarFreighter


text:
Persian/Lesson 3

In lessons 1 and 2, you learned some greetings, the first twenty letters of the Persian Alphabet, and how to spell several words with those letters. You also learned syllable stress in Persian words.

In this lesson, you will learn more about casual and formal speech, the next nine Persian letters, and more about short vowels in Persian.

Dialogue: ‹sobh bexeyr›
Hassan drops by to see his good friend Mohamad:

 * }

Explanation
 * Mohamad and Hassan are using a very casual style of speech because they are close friends. “Mamad” is a common nickname for people named Mohamad.  “Hassani” is a common nickname for people named “Hassan”.

Vocabulary

ع ‹’eyn›, غ ‹qeyn›
The next two letters have the same form except only one has a dot over it. The bottom hook in these letters is a tail that only appears in isolated and final position.

The Persian letter represents the sound [ʔ], i.e. the glottal stop in the middle of “uh-oh” in English. Traditionally, as well as in UniPers it is transcribed as ‹’›. Its name sounds something like the English word “main”, but beginning with a glottal stop instead of an m. The top loop sits on the baseline. When it is the last (or only) letter in a word, its lower loop hangs below the baseline. When another letter follows it, it has a different form.

As shown on the right, the letter ﻉ ‹’eyn› combines with the letter that follows it, e.g. with د in the word.

The Persian letter represents the sound [ɣ], that is, it is produced by placing the back part of the tongue against the soft palate and vibrating the vocal cords while pushing air from the lungs over the middle of the tongue.

The top loop sits on the baseline. When it is the last (or only) letter in a word, its lower loop hangs below the baseline. When another letter follows it, it has a different form.

As shown on the right, the letter ﻍ ‹qeyn› is used to spell.

ف ‹fe›, ق ‹qaf›
The next two letters are shown on the right.

The Persian letter sits on the baseline. Its name sounds like a quick pronunciation of "Faye".

As shown on the right, the letter ف ‹fe› combines with the letter that follows it, e.g. as the first letter in the word.

The Persian letter is pronounced like غ ‹qeyn›, i.e. like [ɣ]. The small loop sits on the baseline and the tail, when present, hangs below the baseline. Like other Persian letters with tails, the tail is only written when no other letter follows.

As shown on the right, the letter ﻕ ‹qaf› combines with the letter that follows, as in.

ک ‹kaf› and گ ‹gaf›
The next two letters are shown on the right.

The Persian letter sits on the baseline. The slash on top ( / ) is written after the connected strokes of the word, along with the dots in any of the word’s dotted letters. Its name sounds a bit like the English word “cough”.

As shown on the right, the letter ک combines with the letter that follows it, e.g. as the first letter in the word.

The Persian letter sits on the baseline. The two slashes on top ( // ) are written after the connected strokes of the word, along with the dots in any of the word’s dotted letters.

As shown on the right, the letter گ is used in the word.

ل ‹lâm›
The letter sits on the baseline and connects with the letter that follows it.

ل is the last letter in.

م ‹mim›
The Persian letter م is pronounced as /m/.

The Persian word, shown on the right, is an example of an initial alef without a “hat” ( ا ) used to indicate that the word begins with a short vowel, in this case, with ‹e›.

ن ‹nun›
The name of this letter "nun" is pronounced rhyming with "noon" and not "nun". Note the difference between nun and  be, in be the dot is below the curve and in nun it is above. The shape of nun is also narrower than the "be, pe, se, te" group of letters.

The Persian word is shown on the right. Note that the written form uses, indicating that the word should be pronounced as ‹nân›, but in standard Persian, is usually pronounced ‹un›, including the word.

Exercises

 * What are the names of and sounds represented by the following letters?

 * }

 * Read these words by breaking them down into their component parts.

 * }

Review
In this lesson, you learned ..., the next seven letters of the Persian Alphabet, and how to spell several words with those letters from right to left. You also learned about syllable stress in Persian words.

title: Persian/Lesson 3


text:
Meteorus rubens

Meteorus rubens is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Braconidae which attacks significant crop pests including the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon. The wasps have been shown to be easily collected through the use of traps baited with mustard oils. They have been shown to carry Rioviridae RNA viruses, one of only a few parasitoids to carry them.

title: Meteorus rubens


text:
Talk:Necker cube

Reference Titles
The last two articles have the same title. The last one should be "The Viewing-from-Above Bias and the Silhouette Illusion" if you follow the link. I have not edited because not certain this was indeed meant to be the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:24, 5 February 2017 (UTC)

Left to right is natural?
"Another reason behind this may be due to the brain's natural preference of viewing things from left to right"

I skimmed through the referenced article, and I don't see that it says anything about a "natural preference" for left to right. The article does talk about handedness, which isn't the same thing. Another possibility to consider is reading direction; literature should be reviewed for Necker cube experiments with people who natively read right to left or top to bottom, along with 90°/270° rotations of the cube.

Scott McNay (talk) 16:55, 19 February 2021 (UTC)

I discovered the comment archive,which already has a discussion on this. I am removing the sentence. Not sure what to do with the reference; I'll leave it attached to the previous sentence. Scott McNay (talk) 17:01, 19 February 2021 (UTC)

Both aspects
It's possible to see both aspects and to see the spinning dancer spin both ways (the way I saw it originally, which confused me quite a bit; although the standard common seems to have a flaw that makes one rotation direction physiologically absurd). The article doesn't indicate that this is a piece of embellishment in Blindsight, or if humans are actually not supposed to be able to do that. John Moser (talk) 05:39, 7 March 2021 (UTC)

In popular culture
The unsourced trivia removed here, was originally added by someone 18:37, 16 June 2021 Maybe if patrollers of recent changes noticed the rubbish when it was first inserted, rather than jumping onto the always-suspect edits from random poor sap IP users innocently thinking, "Oh, that's a little fix that could do with some attention", WP would retain more editors: RWTP? SoTS <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:00, 22 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Necker cube


text:
abrasure

Noun

 * 1)  Abrasion, abrading.

Usage notes

 * The noun is far more common, especially in current use.

title: abrasure


text:
Voznesenka, Rodinsky District, Altai Krai

Voznesenka (Вознесенка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tsentralny Selsoviet, Rodinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 394 in 2013. There are 6 streets.

Geography
Voznesenka is located 27 km southeast of Rodino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tsentralnoye is the nearest rural settlement. The Kuchuk River has its sources 8 km to the south of the village.


text:
tavoittaa

Verb

 * 1) to catch, catch up
 * 2) to reach (someone)

Etymology
From. Akin to 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to try to
 * 2)  to used to
 * 1)  to used to

title: tavoittaa


text:
Template:User knowledge description-2

This user is a knowledgeable "hobbyist" with knowledge and skills to provide learning content or to teach on the subject of

title: Template:User knowledge description-2


text:
User:SFandFant

A science fiction and fantasy fan for over 50 years, and a collector of specialty press science fiction and fantasy books from the period 1946 - 1965, with particular interests in the books published by Gnome Press, Fantasy Press, Shasta Publishers, Prime Press, Buffalo/Hadley, and Arkham House, as well as dedicated lines by mainstream publishers like the Heinlein novels for YA published by Charles Scribner's Sons between 1947 and 1958, the SF series published by Avalon Books, and the Winston series of YA SF issued by the John C. Winston Company 1952 - 1961.

title: User:SFandFant


text:
Gallery of Admiral Cheng Ho

The Gallery of Admiral Cheng Ho (Galeri Laksamana Cheng Ho; ) is a gallery devoted to Zheng He in Malacca City, Malacca, Malaysia. It was opened in February 2003 and has been associated with the growth of tourism within the state. The gallery displays Zheng He's journey to Southeast Asia and his great legacy in international relations where he established the great affiliations between Ming Dynasty and African and Asian countries leading to prosperous and fair trade among them.

title: Gallery of Admiral Cheng Ho


text:
St. John the Evangelist's Church, Paczków

St. John the Evangelist's Church in Paczków, Poland, is a Gothic church built in the fourteenth century. The church belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Opole.

The beginning of the church's construction began in the year 1350 and lasted around 30 years. The shrine was funded by Bishop of Wrocław Przecław of Pogorzela, who administered between 1341 and 1376. The present form of the church is in the Renaissance, Baroque and Neo-Gothic architectural styles. In the fifteenth century, from the chancel's southern side, there was built a spanning chapel, dedicated to Holy Virgin Mary. The tower, partially deconstructed in 1429, was rebuilt in 1462. It was then that the upper condignation was constructed.


text:
User:Gsimerlink

Greg Simerlink is currently the eCommerce Marketing Specialist at MCM Electronics. In his spare time he runs the Dayton based steampunk group Airship Passepartout which puts on a series of events billed as Ye Olde yellow Cabaret.

In the past Greg has been involved with:

The Oxymorons - Dayton Based Punk / Indie Band (1989-1994) - (Bassist)

Mutant Renegade Records - Dayton Based Independent Record Company (1989-1995) - (Owner)

Mutant Renegade Zine - Dayton Based Print Zine (1990-2000) - (Co-Publisher / Writer)

The ChickenFish Speaks - Dayton Based Digital Zine (2001-2008) - (Co-Publisher / Writer)

Habiatter.com - Online Decorative Home Hardware Retailer (2008-2013) - (Owner)

title: User:Gsimerlink


text:
User:Rockandroar

I am here to learn Spanish. I live in Minneapolis, Minnesota, but am moving to Washington, DC in 2 months. I just turned 30 years old.

title: User:Rockandroar


text:
schuilnaam

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A pseudonym that is used to hide one's true identity. A fake identity.

title: schuilnaam


text:
Bazyli Wójtowicz

Bazyli Wójtowicz (2 April 1899 – 3 April 1985) was a Polish sculptor. His work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

title: Bazyli Wójtowicz


text:
Marcel Boulestin

Xavier Marcel Boulestin (1878 – 20 September 1943) was a French chef, restaurateur, and the author of cookery books that popularised French cuisine in the English-speaking world.

Born in Poitiers in France (Poitou region), Boulestin tried a number of occupations before finding his role as a restaurateur. He worked as secretary and ghostwriter to the author "Willy" (Henry Gauthier-Villars) in Paris, and then moved to London, where he made his home and career from 1906 onward. There, he opened an interior design shop, which failed to make enough money. He wrote extensively, and was commissioned to write a simple French cookery book for English readers. It was a huge success, and thereafter his career was in cooking.

The Restaurant Boulestin, known as the most expensive in London, opened in 1927. Its fame, and the long series of books and articles that Boulestin wrote, made him a celebrity. His cuisine was wide-ranging, embracing not only the French classics but also dishes familiar to British cooks.

Among those influenced by Boulestin was the English food writer Elizabeth David, who praised Boulestin in her books and adopted many of his precepts.

Early years
Born in Poitiers, France, Boulestin was raised by his mother and his maternal grandmother in Poitiers. His parents lived apart, and the young Boulestin spent a month each summer with his father in Saint-Aulaye. He was educated in Poitiers, and later in Bordeaux, where he was nominally a law student, but in practice was a full-time concert-goer and member of the musical scene of the city. He wrote "Letter from Bordeaux" for Courrier Musical, a musical review, and published his first book, a dialogue, Le Pacte, for which the humorous writer Willy (Henry Gauthier-Villars), husband of the novelist Colette, wrote a preface. Despite Willy's endorsement, the book was not a success.

After compulsory military service in 1899, Boulestin moved to Paris and worked for Willy as a secretary and as one of the several ghostwriters he employed for his sensational and well-selling books, among them Curnonsky and Colette. Willy's stories and novels often included characters taken from his friends and collaborators. His Claudine and Minne series and other novels sketched Colette's youth, peppered with characters taken from other spheres, like the clearly homosexual "Hicksem" and "Blackspot", both taken from Boulestin's personality. Willy's novel En Bombe (1904) portrayed his life with Boulestin and his other secretaries, illustrated with 100 posed photos showing Willy himself as Maugis, Marcel Boulestin as Blackspot, another secretary Armory as Kernadeck, Colette as Marcelle, Marcelle as Jeannine, and Colette's dog Toby-Chien. Also, in 1905, Boulestin's French translation of The Happy Hypocrite by Max Beerbohm was published in the Mercure de France, with a caricature of Boulestin by Beerbohm. Boulestin had to convince a sceptical editor that Beerbohm really existed and was not an invention of Boulestin's. He also acted on occasion, alongside Colette, in several plays written by Willy.

London and interior design
Boulestin was an Anglophile from an early age, even in culinary matters. He attempted to convince his family of the virtues of mint sauce with mutton, bought mince pies and marmalade in Paris, and took Colette to afternoon tea. He moved to London in 1906, and thereafter made his home and career there, though he never considered taking British citizenship (Elizabeth David wrote that he considered it highly improper for a Frenchman to renounce his country). At first, in the words of the biographer Brigid Allen, he immersed himself "in the music-halls and theatres, and the follies and ostentatious luxury of the idle rich". Among his friends were Robert Ross, Lord Alfred Douglas, and Reginald Turner. At first he earned his living by writing humorous "Letters from London" for several magazines, among them Akademos, a sumptuous monthly published by Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen. For Akademos, Boulestin also wrote a serial novel with a homosexual theme, Les Fréquentations de Maurice, under the pseudonym "Sidney Place". The book had a succès de scandale in France, but was thought too racy for publication in Britain. In the same year he collaborated with Francis Toye, on a lightweight novel, The Swing of the Pendulum. Some of his feuilletons from London were published as Tableaux de Londres in a limited edition (1912). He also wrote for Academy, a review edited by Lord Alfred Douglas; translated plays; and wrote articles that appeared in a variety of publications, including Vanity Fair, Gil Blas, and Mercure Musicale. Boulestin also served as secretary to Cosmo Gordon-Lennox (also known as Cosmo Stuart), a theatrical producer, grandson of the Duke of Richmond and husband of the actress Marie Tempest.

In November 1911 Boulestin opened Decoration Moderne, an interior-design shop at 15 Elizabeth Street in the Belgravia district of London. "My stock was small, but modern and first-rate. I had made no concessions. The silks, the velvets, the linens, the knick-knacks and the wallpapers came from Martine, André Groult, and Iribe. I had bought stuffs at Darmstadt, Munich and Vienna; Berlin and Florence supplied me with certain papers, Paris with new and amusing vases, pottery, porcelain, glass, and a few fine pieces of Negro art". Among his clients were the future interior decorator Syrie Maugham, and socialites such as Lady Curzon and Mrs. Hwfa Williams. His firm also attracted the Countess of Drogheda and Princess Lichnowsky, who had been instrumental in the success of the Omega Workshops.

During the First World War Boulestin served in the French army as an interpreter to the British Expeditionary Force. Among his incidental tasks was designing the costumes for the famous army concert party, the "Rouges et Noirs". He sometimes amused himself at the British headquarters by teaching British soldiers how to cook.

After the war he returned to London and reopened his design business at 102 George Street, Portman Square. It did not prosper. "Perhaps it was a little too advanced—also during those years many shops had started what they called modern decoration; several of the Society women who used to be my customers had themselves become decorators; there was the beginning of the slump, and in addition to all these adverse conditions there were practically no stocks of any kind. Sometimes when there was an important order it could not be executed, the material being out of print, or printed on a cheaper stuff."

During this period Boulestin edited a book of essays and stories, Keepsake, which was illustrated by his friend Jean Émile Laboureur. His income, however, continued to dry up, and he resorted to making extra money through a variety of means, including giving French lessons, making handmade candle-shades, and working as a wine adviser for private individuals. Around 1923, however, Boulestin was contracted to write a French-cookery book by the director of the British publishing house Heinemann; called Simple French Cooking for English Homes, it was published in June 1923 "and was an immediate success with both the Press and the public". In England at that time it was regarded as bad manners to talk about food, but to Boulestin, "Food which is worth eating is worth discussing". This appealed to the public and such were the sales of his book that it was reprinted six times between 1923 and 1930.

Restaurateur and writer
In 1925, following on the popularity of his cookery books, Boulestin opened The Restaurant Français in Leicester Square in London. The restaurant was the work of the architect Clough Williams-Ellis and the interior decorator Allan Walton. Its chef was M. Bigorre, a Frenchman who had previously worked for Restaurant Paillard in Paris. In 1927 Boulestin moved to Southampton Street, Covent Garden, opening the eponymous Restaurant Boulestin on the site of the old Sherry's Restaurant. The new location featured circus-theme murals by Laboureur and the French artist Marie Laurencin and fabrics by Raoul Dufy. Cecil Beaton called it "the prettiest restaurant in London". The Restaurants of London (1928) described the space—decorated by André Groult—as:

"a modern Parisian restaurant in decoration and a luxurious one at that. The carpet is wine colour, the curtains are of patterned yellow brocade; over the mantelpiece is a painting of a dinner table ... the lounge portion of the room is illuminated and decorated by a square of hanging silk balloon lights. In a prominent place is an immense bottle of 1869 liqueur brandy de la maison, a graceful reminder that the place studies drink equally with meat."

The culinary reputation of the establishment was high; the writer Edward Laroque Tinker declared in The New York Times that at Boulestin's "one gets the most perfect and récherché dinner to be found in all London". Boulestin's standards were so exacting that despite being reputedly the most expensive restaurant in London, the Restaurant Boulestin did not make a profit, and he was obliged to supplement his earnings by prolific writing of articles and books. Some of these were written in collaboration with Arthur Henry "Robin" Adair, a British food writer who in 1923 became Boulestin's companion, literary partner and translator.

Among those influenced by Boulestin's writing was Elizabeth David, who after his death emerged as the leading writer in Britain on the subject of food. In her books, she quoted with approval from several of Boulestin's works, including this, originally from What Shall We Have Today?: "The chief thing to remember is that all these soups … must be made with plain water. When made with the addition of stock they lose all character and cease to be what they were intended to be. The fresh pleasant taste is lost owing to the addition of meat stock, and the value of the soup from an economical point of view is also lost." David herself made the same point in many of her writings. She also drew attention to the wide range of Boulestin's culinary tastes. He was not an unswerving advocate of classic French recipes, and wrote with enthusiasm about curries, Basque pipérade, and Irish stew.

Boulestin was the first regular television chef, broadcasting for the BBC in television's earliest experimental days in 1937–1939. In his programmes, including the 1937 Cook's Night Out, he demonstrated not only French dishes such as Escalope de Veau Choisy, Crêpes d'été, and Rouget Marseillaise, but also deceptively simple food including salads, lamb kebabs, spring vegetables, and picnics.

Last years
In the summer of 1939, Boulestin and Adair were taking their customary holiday in a house that Boulestin had built in the Landes. When France was invaded by Germany, Adair was ill, and unable to escape; Boulestin remained with him. Adair was interned as an enemy alien by the Germans, and held first in Bayonne and then nearer Paris. Boulestin moved to Paris to be close to him, and died there after a brief illness, aged 65.

Adair was released at the end of the war and returned to England, becoming the cookery correspondent of the British magazine Harper's Bazaar. He died in 1956. Boulestin's restaurant continued under various managements until 1994.

Legacy
Joel Kissin launched a Cafe and Restaurant in London named after Boulestin and his eponymous Covent Garden restaurant in 2013.

Books

 * Le Pacte, dialogue (1899). Paris: Société libre des gens de lettres.
 * Les Fréquentations de Maurice (Mœurs de Londres) (1912) a serial novel written under the pseudonym Sidney Place. Paris: Dorbon-aîné.
 * Tableaux de Londres (1912). Collection of Boulestin's columns. Paris: Dorbon-aîné.
 * Dans les Flandres Brittaniques (1916). Wartime memoir. Paris: Dorbon-aîné.
 * Aspects Sentimentaux du Front Anglais (1916). Published under the pseudonym Bertie Angle. Paris: Dorbon-aîné.
 * The Atnaeum: A Collection of Atrocities Committed at the Front (1917) Wartime memoir written under the pseudonym Bertie Angle. Privately printed edition of 20 copies. London.
 * New keepsake for the year 1921. Le Nouveau keepsake pour l'année 1921. (ed., 1920). London: Chelsea Book Club.
 * Simple French Cooking for English Homes (1923). London: Heinemann.
 * A Second Helping: or, More Dishes for English Homes (1925). London: Heinemann.
 * The Conduct of the Kitchen: How to Keep a Good Table for Sixteen Shillings a Week (1925). London: Heinemann.
 * Herbs, Salads, and Seasonings (with Jason Hill, 1930). London: Heinemann.
 * What Shall We Have To-Day? 365 Recipes for All the Days of the Year (1931). London: Heinemann.
 * Potatoes: One Hundred & One Ways of Cooking (with A. H. Adair, 1932). London: Heinemann.
 * What Shall We Have to Drink? (1933). London: Heinemann.
 * The Evening Standard Book of Menus (1935). London: Heinemann.
 * Savouries and Hors-d'oeuvre: One Hundred & Twenty-Seven Ways of Preparing (with A. H. Adair, 1932) London: Heinemann.
 * À Londres, Naguère (1930). Paris: Librarie Arthème Fayard. (translated with a new preface by A. H. Adair as Ease and Endurance Home and Van Thal 1948)
 * Eggs: One Hundred & Twenty Ways of Cooking (with A. H. Adair, 1932) London: Heinemann.
 * Having Crossed the Channel (1934). London: Heinemann.
 * Myself, My Two Countries ... (1936). London: Cassell.
 * The Finer Cooking, or, Dishes for Parties (1937). London: Cassell.
 * Paris-Londres aux environs de 1900; souvenirs inédits (1945). Paris: Librarie Arthème Fayard.

title: Marcel Boulestin


text:
Karnajit Yumnam

Karnajit Karamchand Yumnam (born 27 December 1997) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut on 28 September 2019, for Manipur in the 2019–20 Vijay Hazare Trophy. He made his Twenty20 debut on 11 January 2021, for Manipur in the 2020–21 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.

title: Karnajit Yumnam


text:
Talk:Serbian

Untitled
Okay, so the invitation: Whoever is speaking Serbian please contribute to this article. --ThomasK 17:04, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This is a great start, but it is my understanding that the Ijekavica dialect is used in Croatia, the Ekavica dialect is used in Serbia, while both are used in Bosnia. Maybe then it would be better to reserve Ekavski for Serbian and Ijekavski for Croatian. This is an ongoing debate, though there should probably at least be an explanation and distinction between the two dialects. Also, it would be more useful to write in the accents and to distinguish between long and short vowels, as that is the only differnce between words such as gràd (short vowel: hail) and grád (long vowel: city). --MitchC 15:55, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Dialect and other things
I'm studying Serbian in the Republika Srpska of Bosnia where the ijekavski dialect is used, but with mostly Serbian grammar and vocabulary. That's why the vocab is in that dialect. Maybe a good solution would be to add the ekavski version, where different, in italics or in brackets next to the ijekavski word.

Also, I think the page is getting too long and should be broken up into a few different pages: maybe one for grammar and one for vocab, to start with.

In fact, I want to break up the vocab further into separate lessons, which would be much more useful for someone trying to learn Serbian. User:Dannya222 12:32, 11 August 2005

I believe that Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian should be merged into ONE article (Serbo-Croatian) as they are the SAME language, separated by only a few minimal regional vocabulary differences. Having three is absolutely inefficient

I agree 100%, the page is too long. It'd be great to have real lessons with manageable chunks of vocab and grammar, but breaking it up into seperate grammar and vocabulary sections would be a great start.

As for the dialects, I think it is generally accepted that Ekavski is the main dialect of Serbian (and Serbia) while Ijekavski is that of Croatian; Serbian newspapers and websites use the Ekavica dialect, for example. So as this is an online book for Serbian, I think most students would want to learn the main and most common dialect of Serbian (in Serbia): Ekavski. But Ijekavski should also be included along with an explanation of the usage of different dialects in different regions. Thoughts? --MitchC 17:52, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

That's no true, Ekavski isn't the main Serbian dialect. Both Ekavski and Ijekavski are equal, although Ijekavski is older are more correct to use, since Serbian epic poems and other folk literature is written in it, Ijekavica is the language of Serbs from Montenegro, including Montenegrins, who speak Serbian, too (there's no "Montenegrin" language), Serbs from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbs from Croatia and Western Serbia. Only the people of the Southern, Eastern, Central, and Northern Serbia uses the Ekavica dialect. Plus, Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, the most famous Serbian linguist, creator of the Modern Serbian language, was using Ijekavski dialect. When modern Serbian literary language was normed, Ijekavica (also spelled Jekavica) was adopted as the only dialect. Ekavica was accepted later, since the most of the Serbian cultural centres were in Ekavski region, the Northern Serbia (Belgrade, Novi Sad, Subotica...). Croatian language, however, was Ekavski at first, but later Croatian linguists (Ljudevit Gaj was the famous one) accepted Ijekavica. It's also not true that both Ekavica and Ijekavica are used in Bosnia. The whole Bosnia and Herzegovina is Ijekavski region. Difference between Serbian and Croatian isn't dialect, it's the script (of course, there are some words and phrases characteristic only for Croatian). While Serbian uses both Cyrillic and Latin script, Croatian language uses Latin executively. Bosnian uses both scripts, too, and it's more similar to Serbian than Croatian is. These three languages are very, very similar, and they have the same origin. A Serb, a Bosniak, a Montenegrin, and a Croat (native speakers of Serbian, Bosnian, and Croatian languages) could always understand each other without any translating. That's why many linguists considered these languages as one single, called Serbo-Croatian or Croato-Serbian.--Ђорђе Д. Божовић 17:42, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Serbian


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Typography (cartography)

Typography, as an aspect of cartographic design, is the craft of designing and placing text on a map in support of the map symbols, together representing geographic features and their properties. It is also often called map labeling or lettering, but typography is more in line with the general usage of typography. Throughout the history of maps to the present, their labeling has been dependent on the general techniques and technologies of typography.

History
For most of the history of Cartography, the text on maps was hand drawn, and Calligraphy was an essential part of the skill set of the cartographer. This did not change with the advent of printing in the 15th Century, because the dispersed placement of the text did not lend itself to the use of Movable type. Instead, printed maps, including text, were drawn, engraved, and printed using the Intaglio or "copperplate" process. It was typical for the cartographer to not label the map himself, but to leave it to the master engraver. Text styles frequently changed with the tastes of the time, but were often very ornate, especially in non-map elements such as the title.

The development of Photoengraving, Zincography, and wax engraving in the mid-19th Century significantly changed the production of maps and their labels, enabling the addition of printed type to maps using stamps, but map lettering still required a great deal of skill; this remained the state of the art until the development of Photolithography in the 1950s. The photographic platemaking process meant that type could be produced on paper in a variety of ways, producing map labels of the same quality as book text. That said, as late as 1960, Arthur H. Robinson still advised new cartographers to be skilled in freehand lettering, and mechanical lettering tools were still in common usage through the 1980s, encouraging a very simplistic functional style over any aesthetic character.

A significant turning point was "Die Anordnung der Namen in der Karte", a 1962 essay (re-published in English in 1975) by Swiss cartographer Eduard Imhof, considered the greatest European cartographer of his day. Imhof analyzed the best maps he could find, such as the Swisstopo topographic maps, deriving a set of general principles and guidelines for type design and placement, which subsequent research has largely corroborated and further developed, and which forms the core canon on the topic found in modern cartography textbooks. In 1972, Pinhas Yoeli began to codify Imhof's guidelines mathematically, setting the stage for Automatic label placement. In 2000, Clifford Wood extended Imhof's guidelines, based on the intervening 25 years of research and practice.

The rise of Desktop publishing around 1990, including graphics software, laser printers, and inkjet printers, combined with the improving design capabilities of Geographic information systems, greatly increased and facilitated the more thoughtful design and use of type on maps. A wealth of typefaces became available, and it became easy to place text anywhere on the map. This completed the shift of skill in map typography from construction to design.

Purposes and goals of map labels

Text simultaneously serves several purposes on maps. In 1993, D. J. Fairbairn introduced a taxonomy of the purposes of text on maps, identifying fourteen types of text role. Since then, others, such as cartography textbooks, have described the variety of roles of text, with the following generally being the most common:

 * Identifying unique features, such as "The United Kingdom"
 * Categorizing features into groups, such as "Smith Park"
 * Describing or explaining information that cannot be directly derived from the map symbols or corroborating the symbolized information, such as "Box Lake (dry)," a note on the history of a building, or varying the size of city labels according to population to the size of the city symbols.
 * Locating features that are not shown by a distinct symbol, such as "Arabian Sea" or "Rocky Mountains."
 * Prescribing or Proscribing action, such as "No Camping."
 * Organizing the conceptual structure of the map as a whole, such as strengthening the visual hierarchy.
 * Beautifying the map as a whole.
 * Characterizing the map with a particular aesthetic feel, such as using a typeface that looks playful, modern, or historical.

Aims and goals of cartographic typography
In 1929, Ordnance Survey cartographer Captain John G. Withycombe, in a critique of the state of map lettering, listed five essential aims of cartographic typography.
 * Legibility: readers must be able to read the text, especially, as Withycombe states, "when superimposed upon the detail of a map."
 * Reproducibility: this may not be as problematic as in 1929, but even modern technologies (especially computer screens) can have difficulty with the relatively small sizes of map labels, especially in colors other than solid black.
 * Style: Withycombe points out that careful choice of "alphabet" (typeface) contributes not only to aesthetic appeal, but also to the two aims above.
 * Contrast: labels for different kinds of features should themselves look different.
 * Harmony: the various typefaces and styles used should work and look good together, and should produce an overall look of order and professionalism.

In his 1962 paper, Imhof reiterated the primary importance of legibility, and added the following requirements (listed here with modern terminology); he then showed how most specific guidelines and practices are derived from these principles:
 * Association: the reader must be able to clearly connect each label to the feature it is labeling. Withycombe's contrast is an important part of this.
 * Conflict avoidance: many of the above aims can be aided by placing labels so they do not overlap too many map features, especially other labels.
 * Extent: labels should help to indicate the spatial extent of the features they label, as well as their distinction from other features
 * Hierarchy: like the symbols for each feature, Withycombe's contrast in lettering can be used to strengthen the Visual hierarchy of features in the map.
 * Distribution: "Names should not be evenly dispersed over the map, nor should names be densely clustered."

In subsequent literature, textbooks, and the GIS&T Body of Knowledge, legibility, association, and hierarchy are typically listed as the most crucial of these aims, while conflict avoidance is one of the core foundations of Automatic label placement.

Type styling
Many of the aspects of type styling can be chosen and controlled by the cartographer when designing a particular label to serve the above purposes. In this sense, they are akin to the visual variables of map symbology; in fact, Jacques Bertin extended his own visual variable system to including type styling in 1980 (in French). This work has largely been ignored in English-speaking countries, although similar ideas have been developed by others. The most commonly cited and used typographic variables include:

 * Form is akin to shape in the original visual variables, and serves much the same purpose, to differentiate nominal variables, most often to distinguish different classes of features (city vs. river vs. mountain vs. country). In addition to the following, Bertin also includes other shape variations, such as width (condensed, compressed, extended, etc.) and texture or patterned fills, which are used less often in maps due to their effect on legibility.
 * Typeface ("type shape variation" in Bertin 1980), in addition to its common use to differentiate feature type, has a major influence on the aesthetics of the map.
 * Posture (which Bertin likens to orientation), whether roman, italic, or oblique, is typically used like typeface to differentiate feature types. Wood mentions the common use of italics for labeling hydrographic features, due to its curving form that suggests water flow.
 * Case ("sign shape variation" in Bertin 1980) has a more ordinal sense than typeface or posture, and many cartographers use ALL CAPS to indicate larger features or special types such as national capitals. Its role in visual hierarchy is debatable: at times, upper case seems to stand out because the characters are larger, but at other times it seems to recede because the characters are less interesting than Title Case.
 * Orientation, the direction the characters are aligned, is used much more commonly with type than with map symbols. The most common reason to have text not be horizontal is to follow linear features, and sometimes elongated area features (which Imhof calls "ribbon-like").
 * Size (usually measured by the block height in points) is usually used for a piece of text in a similar fashion as the map symbol it is labeling: to indicate the geographic extent of the feature, to fit into the visual hierarchy, or to represent some quantitative variable.
 * Spacing between characters (tracking), words, and lines (leading) is often varied on maps for a variety of purposes. For example, Imhof suggests using character spacing to spread an area label over the entire area feature, but counsels against doing the same for line labels.
 * Weight, whether bold, black, light, or something in between, was considered by Bertin as a value-like variable, suggesting that it has an ordinal representation and a strong influence on visual hierarchy.
 * Hue, one of Bertin's original visual variables, is rarely used in type to carry information on its own, although there are exceptions, such as using red (with its connotation of danger) for warnings. Instead, hue is usually used to match the text to the hue of the symbol it is labeling, strengthening its association.
 * Value, also one the core visual variables, is typically used to match the value of associated symbols, although often darker, because lighter text can be less legible and have reproducibility problems, especially when printed. It is also commonly used for emphasis in the visual hierarchy.
 * Decoration, additional symbols attached to the text, is used differently on maps than in block text. Common decorations such as underline and strikeout are rarely used, but a halo or mask, hiding the underlying features around a label, is often used to increase legibility where there are many features that cannot be avoided. A callout box or leader line are forms of decoration that are added to aid feature association when a label cannot be placed adjacent to the feature. Another form of decoration are highway shields, symbols attached to route numbers, usually to make them look like the signs seen along the highway.

Placement
Determining the ideal location for each label that needs to be on the map is a complex process, with hundreds or thousands of labels competing for space, in addition to the map symbols which are usually more important. It is not a purely subjective decision process; for each label, some locations meet the aims above (especially legibility and association) better than others. An understanding of what makes some placement better than others thus streamlines the process of creating an effective map.

Early textbooks provided some general advice, but the primary contribution of Imhof's 1962 (English 1975) paper was to analyze the best practices of cartographers, and set forth a clear set of rules for label placement. Since then, there has been surprisingly little research into the validity of these rules, especially compared to the numerous psychophysical studies examining many other parts of the map. Even Wood's 2000 update of Imhof, which adds many more guidelines, seems to still be based largely on best practices rather than science. That said, the durability of many of them, in the face of sweeping changes in technology and the capabilities of textual design, and their continued use in professional practice, points to their strength. After decades, only a few of Imhof's original rules have fallen out of favor.

Between Imhof, Wood, and other sources (especially textbooks), it is possible to list dozens of label placement rules. However, dutiful reliance on such lists can be misleading. According to Wood, "The suggestions or 'rules' that follow are intended as guidelines to the intelligent positioning of type, not as inviolate laws to be followed blindly. In the practical application of these principles, it will seldom be possible to satisfy all the rules applying to a given situation. The cartographer must apply the total 'sense' of the guidelines, accepting some and rejecting others." The "sense of the guidelines" Wood mentions are the aims of legibility, feature association, and a harmonious aesthetic of the map as ordered, professional, and clear. Almost all suggested guidelines can be deduced by evaluating possible labels according to those aims.

From the various lists of placement guidelines, the following is a sample of those most commonly emphasized:

General guidelines

 * To aid association, labels should be placed as close to the associated map symbol as possible, without touching it (which would reduce legibility and recognition of the symbol).
 * In terms of orientation, horizontal text is easiest to read, and upside-down text is most difficult. When north varies from the vertical direction (such as a tilted map orientation or a projection that distorts direction), following the graticule so that "horizontal"=East-West helps to strengthen the understanding of direction and appears better aligned. Angled text appears more graceful and professional when placed along a slight circular arc rather than straight (unless it is following an angled straight linear feature).
 * Spacing (character, word, or line) can aid the association of the label with long or large features, such as spreading a label to fill a country, but this comes at the expense of legibility. Most sources suggest that spacing be used sparingly, carefully, and evenly.
 * Overprinting: when labels cross map symbols (especially those that are of high visual weight), they will be less legible, and obscure the shape and reduce the figure-ground contrast of the underlying feature. Usually, careful positioning of labels into empty space can avoid these conflicts, but when they cannot, masking or halos can be used to hide the underlying feature, as long as they do not obstruct so much of it as to make it unrecognizable or attract attention to themselves (usually avoided by making the mask the background color rather than white). Moving the label with an attached leader line can also mitigate conflicts, although it reduces association slightly. Map symbols that are low in the visual hierarchy can often be overprinted without difficulty.

Point features
This also includes area features that are too small to label inside, in which case an exterior label treats the area symbol as a point symbol.

 * In terms of the directional relationship between the point and the label, some positions have better association and legibility than others. Most follow the preferences of Yoeli, who based it on Imhof. The label to the upper right of the point is generally accepted as preferred, with the other corners acceptable. Directly to the left or to the right is problematic because the point and the label can run together, and centering the label above or below the point, which was acceptable to Imhof, is now generally discouraged because it can lead to association issues.
 * When the point symbol is next to a line or area, especially one with a visually strong symbol (such as a city along a river or the sea), association is strengthened by placing the label on the same side as the point. This is frequently violated along shorelines because the water side generally has far fewer features and labels to contend with, so placing labels in the "empty space" aids legibility.
 * Spacing is generally discouraged, especially on point labels broken into multiple lines. Being "set tight" helps the label look like a single object.

Line features
Often, these guidelines are also followed for area features with a very linear shape, such as wide rivers.

 * Labels should generally follow the direction and curvature of the line feature. Text is legible on very simple, smooth curves, but is greatly reduced when text bends around sharp corners, so it is best placed in a relatively straight segment of the line, or along a smoothed version of the line.
 * It is slightly preferable to place the label above the line rather than below. The most commonly stated reason is that most western languages have more ascenders than descenders, so the baseline is more of a straight line to follow the shape of the feature.
 * Association will be strongest if the label is placed near the midpoint of the line (or evenly spaced along the line if there are multiple copies of the label).
 * Character spacing is almost universally discouraged, but some cartographers find word spacing acceptable as long as the words can be easily connected by the reader.
 * For a long line, especially in a dense network (such as rivers and roads), labels can be repeated occasionally to avoid confusion and aid association. Too much repetition can be overwhelming.

Area (polygon) features
These guidelines also apply to clusters of points or small areas being labeled as a single feature, such as an island chain.

 * All else being equal, a label location near the center of the feature will maximize association.
 * Many, but not all, sources suggest using letter and line spacing (within reason to not damage legibility) to fill more (but not all) of the area will aid association.
 * Some cartographers prefer All caps for area symbols, claiming that capital letters fill more space.
 * Placing the label completely inside the area is preferable, although it can be placed completely outside if the area is very small. Having a label cross the area boundary reduced its figure-ground contrast and its feature association, although if absolutely necessary, aligning the label so that it starts inside and crosses the boundary once to the outside is preferable to a centered label that crosses the boundary on both sides.
 * For areas with an extended shape (which Imhof calls "ribbon-like"), such as reservoirs, their labels will have stronger association if they are oriented (with a slight curve) along the main axis of the shape.

Digital text management
The software that is commonly used to create maps, including both geographic information systems and graphic design programs, provide a number of options for creating, editing, and storing the hundreds or even thousands of labels in a map. Each of these has advantages and disadvantages for particular situations.

Automatic label placement
Manually placing a large number of labels is a very time-consuming process, even in modern software; this is especially problematic in Web mapping, where millions of maps are generated every day with no direct input from a cartographer on label placement. Starting in the 1970s, the need for automation was recognized. Yoeli (1972) recognized that many of the placement guidelines espoused by Imhof (1962) and others had an algorithmic or mathematical character to them, which he attempted to specify in preparation for future placement algorithms.

Since then, increasingly robust algorithms have been developed, and existing computational algorithms (such as Simulated annealing) have been adapted to the labeling problem. Today, automated label placement tools are widespread, and is found in software as varied as GI, batch map renderers such as Mapnik, and javascript mapping libraries. That said, because map labelling involves subjective judgments as well as rules or guidelines, most algorithms produce rules that are sub-optimal, especially in complex maps. When possible, cartographers generally use automated labels as a starting point, then refine them.

Stored annotation
The other option is to store the location and style of each label in the map data, just like the rest of the map; this is typically called annotation. Text can be modeled as a Geometric primitive, like points, lines, and polygons, and in graphics software, it is stored in the map document in the same way as other geometry, allowing for manual editing of content, position, and style. Many GIS platforms also have this option, but some have the additional option of storing text as a dataset, enabling the same annotation to be reused in multiple maps.

title: Typography (cartography)


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Wikiversity talk:Signature

Merger of the two pages Signature and Sign Your Posts on Talk Pages seems like a good idea. — morley 00:58, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity talk:Signature


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User:Mliu92/sandbox/DB General

DB General is a 700 ST capacity Clyde Iron Works model 52 barge-mounted crane which is the largest revolving floating crane on the West Coast of the United States. The largest floating crane on the East Coast is the similar Weeks 533.

History
The DB General floating barge-crane was built for General Construction; the barge was sourced from New Orleans, and the crane was the "Big Wolf" crane used at Highland Fabricators at Nigg Yard.

Capacity
The Clyde Iron Works Model 52 crane can lift 500 ST using the main hoist on a 260 ft boom at any point in the crane's revolution; capacity rises to 700 ST when using the main hoist oriented astern. Motive power for the main hoist is provided by a diesel engine, and electric power for the barge is provided by a x KW diesel generator set.

Bridges built

 * bay bridge eastern span http://www.insidebayarea.com/timesstar/ci_2475783 (left coast lifter)
 * kitsap hood canal bridge http://www.sequimgazette.com/news/251018021.html
 * south park bridge http://sdotblog.seattle.gov/2013/11/27/south-park-bridge-reaches-another-milestone/ and http://www.kingcounty.gov/transportation/SouthParkBridge/MultimediaGallery/PhotoDocumentary/June2013.aspx

Notable heavy lifts

 * Helena Star http://www.seattleweekly.com/music/reverb/950130-129/the-best-pot-runner-washington-ever-knew
 * Respect http://www.uscgnews.com/go/doc/4007/2155242/Coast-Guard-EPA-and-others-work-to-clean-Oakland-Calif-estuary
 * hydrogen reactor vessel https://www.gdiving.com/project/613

title: User:Mliu92/sandbox/DB General


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Three Rivers Academy (disambiguation)

Three Rivers Academy may refer to:

 * Three Rivers Academy, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada, a high school
 * Three Rivers Academy, Surrey, England, a secondary school
 * Three Rivers Academy Sixth Form College, Surrey, England, a junior college

title: Three Rivers Academy (disambiguation)


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Anthony Goodenough

Sir Anthony Michael Goodenough (born 1941) is a British retired diplomat, and High Commissioner to Canada from 1996 to 2000.

Goodenough is the son of Rear-Admiral Michael Grant Goodenough and Nancy Slater, daughter of Sir Ransford Slater; and the grandson of the banker Frederick Goodenough. He was educated at Wellington College and New College, Oxford.

title: Anthony Goodenough


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Talk:2002–03 Arsenal F.C. season/GA1

GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''

Reviewer: TBrandley (talk · contribs) 16:57, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

General

 * One dab link to David Weir
 * One dead link: Ref. 43

Lede

 * Link Manchester United
 * Has been linked in the first paragraph of the lead.

 * Link Bolton Wanderers

Background

 * Link Liverpool
 * Link Manchester United
 * "the winning goal scored by Sylvain Wiltord" perhaps this: "the winning goal was scored by Sylvain Wiltord"
 * Link Chelsea

FA Cup

 * "Chelsea defender John Terry put Chelsea" too many uses of Chelsea

title: Talk:2002–03 Arsenal F.C. season/GA1


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User:Stevechallo/ELEN7015 Module 9 Solution

Exercise 1
Total circuits no. is 86

Half the total no. is 43

1 circuit out of 43 is not available hence available circuits are: 43-1 = 42; the availability of the system.

Alternatively,Total unavailable circuits are:

43+1 = 44, Available circuits are: 86-44=42; availability of the system

Exercise 2
1.a) A system where an input can be connected to a free or idle outlet at any at the given time in a service request.

b) Inlet cannot be connected to an outlet because of busy outlets or unavailable internal path. There is only limited number of the total outputs accessible to the inputs.

c) A system where a caller who encounters congestion waits for an available resource. The caller is placed in a queue.

2. Assumptions

 * Traffic has a pure chance arrival,

 * System is at statistical equilibrium,

 * Full availability system,

 * Complete blocking or loss of calls encountering congestion.

3. An iterative process with the link capacity G as the initial value of the reservation threshold (Q).

4. Occupancy distribution and blocking probability. They are important in defining and determining the grade of service.


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Talk:List of national parks of South Korea

Mistakes
The service is called the Korean National Parks Service (KNPS), not Korean National Parks Authority. Also, the KNPS does not manage Hallasan National Park or Gyeongju National Park. I've included these corrections and additions in the article. --Bentonia School (talk) 13:34, 5 January 2009 (UTC)