text:
Talk:Fresnel number

Fresnel diffraction at F>1??
On the page on diffraction, it says that fresnel diffraction is the more general case, which leads me to think that there is no F at which fresnel diffraction is more or less accurate. In other words, I'm saying fresnel diffraction can be used when F is anything, not just greater than one. Is this right? Fresheneesz 05:44, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Nevermind.. Fresnel diffraction should be used when F is largeish. But this leaves out a bit of fresnel numbers. What if your F is .98 ? what then? Is there more accurate and general ways of determining diffraction? Fresheneesz 05:50, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

reply: For large L then the case will be Fraunhofer. Therefore Fraunhofer is valid for values of F less than 1.

Fresnel number definition
As far as I know, the given definition of Fresnel number is valid for the radius and not the diameter of the diffracting aperture. For the diameter you will have : F=(D/2)^2/(lambda*R)

reply: the defintion in the page is identical to the above one where D/2 := a and R := L

Fresnel number derivation
Does anyone have a source on how this equation was derived? My Fourier Optics (Goodman) text pg 85 simply defines Fresnel number as it is defined here without explanation.Mollynet (talk) 01:43, 4 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Many (most?) dimensionless numbers are not *derived*, they are *defined*. They are simply a collection of relevant parameters that are arranged so the units cancel out.  For them to be useful, the range of values should differentiate among some phenomena of interest.  Often, a physical interpretation can be attached to these useful dimensionless numbers.  But in some sense they are quite arbitrary.  Convention is often required in their definition.  For instance, one could have defined Fresnel number using diameter instead of radius.  One could have put in a factor of 2 to make the number of cycles be based on the full wavelength instead of the half-wavelength.  I realize that this reply comes almost five years after the question, but the discussion may be helpful to other readers.  Kimaaron (talk) 20:01, 20 April 2014 (UTC)

Fresnel number convention
The transtion from Fresnel to Fraunhofer regime is gradual and it is part a matter of convention at what F-value it should be drawn. Such conventions may be different in different subdisciplines e.g. optics and microwaves. In Antenna Theory - Analysis and Design by C.A. Balanis (2:nd ed, John Wiley & Sons 1997, ISBN 0-471-59268-4) which primarily deals with microwaves the limit is drawn at L=2D^2/\lambda, i.e. F=1/8. This means that the curvature of the wavefront is less than \lambda/16 over an area with diameter D at distance L. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:09, 24 February 2010 (UTC)

"estimed"?
Is this some kind of optics jargon? I've never heard this word before except as a typo of "estimated". — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:54, 2 June 2014 (UTC)

reply: thanks for the English correction!

Definitions incoherent
''According to the user manual for the Zemax optical design software, the correct approximation for propagation in the near field follows the angular spectrum method. This approximation works well when at the propagation position the distance to the aperture is of the same order as the aperture size. This propagation regime satisfies $$\ F \gg 1$$.

''The correct approximation for the propagation in the far field is Fresnel diffraction. This approximation works well when at the observation point the distance to the aperture is bigger than the aperture size. This propagation regime verifies $$\ F \sim 1$$.

''Finally, once at the observation point the distance to the aperture is much bigger than the aperture size, propagation becomes well described by Fraunhofer diffraction. This propagation regime verifies $$\ F \ll 1$$.

These characterizations are unclear and confused.

(1) The Fresnel number F depends on all three of a, λ, and L, yet in the verbal geometric characterizations, only the ration of a to L is mentioned. This makes no sense. Most likely there are some unstated assumptions about the size of the optical system and the wavelength of the light.

(2) In the first paragraph, the verbal geometric criterion is a rough equality, yet the F criterion is a strong inequality. This makes no sense.

(3) In the second paragraph, the regimes is characterized in turn by "far field" (inequality), "bigger" (inequality), and F ≈ 1 (equality).

(4) The second and third paragraph, taken together, tend to suggest to the uninitiated that the region where Fraunhofer diffraction becomes effective is distinct from and beyond the far field. This really should be phrased differently.

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:09, 8 June 2015 (UTC)

reply: the definition of Fresnel number can be rewritten as

FN = a^2/(lambda*L) = a^2/(lambda*L) * lambda/lambda = (a/lambda)^2*lambda/L.

Hence:

1) The sense is given considering a and L such as normalized to lambda.

2) & 3) FN >> 1 and FN << 1 are clear optical regimes, while FN ∈ O(1) is unclear, this is why the Gaussian Beam is definitely better (cfr. text).

4) The text declares only that Fraunhofer propagation applies just for FN << 1: the far field. Where to fix this threshold is not unique.

title: Talk:Fresnel number


text:
Portal:Marketing

Welcome to the Marketing Department of the School of Business

In popular usage, "marketing" is the promotion of products, especially advertising and branding. However, in professional usage the term has a wider meaning which recognizes that marketing is customer centered. Products are often developed to meet the desires of groups of customers or even, in some cases, for specific customers.

This department, if you desire, will attempt to facilitate your learning about marketing.

Learning projects
🇨🇴

Resources

 * Marketing
 * Marketing ethics
 * Self serve advertising
 * Search for Marketing at Wikiversity

Interested participants

 * Toyota8489
 * Amscco
 * Jitesh
 * Puck185
 * naveedtaji
 * Bema

🇨🇴

Logos
Learn by seeing.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Portal:Marketing


text:
Talk:Archduke Maximilian of Austria (1895–1952)

Maximilian Eugen in late 1918
At the end of World War I Maximilian escaped from Austria before he could be arrested. This is not a valid information. The members of the Habsburg family have not been persecuted by the new Republic of Austria. But in spring of 1919, the so called Habsburg Law stipulated they could only live in Austria if they cancelled their membership in the Habsburg Dynasty with its monarchial aspirations and if they declared themselves loyal citizens of the republic. Obviously Maximilian Eugen Habsburg-Lothringen (such his official name as of April 10, 1919 according to the Law of the Abolition of Nobility passed by the Constitutional National Assembly on April 3, 1919) chose to live outside of Austria. Wolfgang J. Kraus — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:40, 20 May 2014 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Hemant Kanoria

Some proposed changes and additions
Hemant Kanoria (born August 5, 1962) is the Chairman and Managing Director of Srei Infrastructure Finance Limited ("Srei") . It is one of India's largest holistic infrastructure institutions with USD 5.5 billion of consolidated assets under management ("AUM"). Hemant is also a Trustee of Kanoria Foundation, which under its umbrella has entities with a total asset base of USD 10 billion.

 Early life  Hemant was born to Dr. Hari Prasad and Champa Devi on August 5, 1962, in Kolkata, India. He grew up with four younger siblings, Sanjeev, Sunil, Sujit, and Manisha Lohia. At the age of 17, he took to managing two family-owned flour mills post which, he went on to become an entrepreneur in the field of infrastructure equipment finance.

 Business Career  Hemant along with his brother Sunil, conceptualised Srei in 1989. The initiative marked the entry of private sector in the field of infrastructure. Srei launched its initial public offering ("IPO") in 1992 and was listed on all major stock exchanges. Five years later, foreign development finance institutions such as IFC, FMO and DEG became strategic equity partners. Srei also became one of the first non-banking finance institutions to get listed on the London Stock Exchange.

Hemant is also the Chairman of India Power Corporation Limited ("India Power"), previously known as DPSC Limited. The company has a diversified portfolio, with renewable and conventional modes of power generation, distribution and power trading.

 Creating Employment through Entrepreneurship  Hemant has been actively involved in driving rural entrepreneurship in India. He created a business model under the brand 'Sahaj' to make services like e-governance, e-commerce and e-learning accessible to people in remote geographies. The initiative has opened up revenue opportunities for over 60,000 village level entrepreneurs ("VLEs") who are providing these services through IT-enabled Sahaj service centers across India.

 Boards and Committees  Hemant has over three decades of experience in infrastructure and financial services businesses. He is currently serving as Board Member in the Indian Institute of Information Technology, Guwahati, The Neotia University and New Delhi Institute of Management. He is also a Member of the India-Russia CEOs Council.

Hemant has held several other positions such as President of Calcutta Chamber of Commerce, Chairman of the FICCI National Committee on Infrastructure and also served on the Board of Governors of Indian Instituted of Management, Calcutta ("IIM-C"). He has also been a Member of the Regional Direct Taxes Advisory Committee, Government of India.

 In the News
 * Featured in The Economic Times' ET Profile
 * Profiled in Business Standard's - Lunch with BS column
 * Interviewed by CNBC TV-18 at the World Economic Forum
 * Appeared on the cover of Business India
 * Featured in The Financial Express

NilankaG (talk) 13:19, 18 April 2017 (UTC)

 * No, we're not going to replace this article with your extra promotional version. If you have factual changes to make, please do call those out (one or two at a time, please), with sources, but we're not going to just swap out the article for a hagiography. - MrOllie (talk) 20:00, 18 April 2017 (UTC)

Changes suggested in 1st para, Early Life & Infobox
Hemant Kanoria (born August 5, 1962) is the Chairman and Managing Director of Srei Infrastructure Finance Limited ("Srei"). It is one of India's largest holistic infrastructure institutions with USD 5.5 billion of consolidated assets under management ("AUM"). Hemant is also a Trustee of Kanoria Foundation, which under its umbrella has entities with a total asset base of USD 10 billion.

Early Life
Hemant was born to Dr. Hari Prasad and Champa Devi on August 5, 1962, in Kolkata, India. He grew up with four younger siblings, Sanjeev, Sunil, Sujit, and Manisha Lohia. At the age of 17, he took to managing two family-owned flour mills post which, he went on to become an entrepreneur in the field of infrastructure equipment finance.

NilankaG (talk) 11:53, 19 April 2017 (UTC)
 * This is basically similar to above. Declined as promotional. jd22292 (Jalen D. Folf) (talk) 04:23, 11 July 2017 (UTC)

Edits required in first para
Hemant Kanoria is the Chairman and Managing Director of Srei Infrastructure Finance Ltd.   He is also the Chairman of India Power CorporationLtd.(IPCL)  and on the Board of Trustees for Kanoria Foundation, which has assets worth USD 10 billion,. Hemant is currently serving as a Board Member at the Indian Institute of Information Technology, Guwahati, the Neotia University, and the New Delhi Institute of Management.

Shreya11 (talk) 10:43, 20 May 2017 (UTC)
 * There are several sources in the current version that would be removed if this paragraph was used instead of what's already there. jd22292 (Jalen D. Folf) (talk) 04:26, 11 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hemant Kanoria


text:
User:Dj Deeptation

DJ DEEPTATION

Professional DJ/Music Producer known as DJ Deeptation or Deeptation from Melbourne Australia.

title: User:Dj Deeptation


text:
Talk:Rockwood Lodge/GA1

GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''

Reviewer: The Rambling Man (talk · contribs) 20:43, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Comments Nothing more to add at this time so on hold. The Rambling Man (Staying alive since 2005!) 14:55, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * "training facility" is mentioned three times in the opening two sentences, bit repetitive.
 * "pro football" a little colloquial in tone.
 * "$75,000 in insurance money" not sure what "money" adds here.
 * " long term financial" hyphenate long-term here.
 * "by Brown County, Wisconsin and" comma after Wisconsin.
 * Where is postal address referenced?
 * Ref 11 (end of the web page). Do you think it needs an inline citation? « Gonzo fan2007  (talk)  @ 19:52, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * It can't harm to add that in there, especially considering I asked where it was referenced, others may ask the same... The Rambling Man (Staying alive since 2005!) 12:03, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done « Gonzo fan2007  (talk)  @ 15:25, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Infobox says opened 1947 but it was operational before the Packers started using it.
 * "It was located ..." reiterate you're talking about the lodge here.
 * "been infatuated with Rockwood Lodge[2]" bit POV, odd ref placement too.
 * The source says No wonder Lambeau, a Green Bay native who visited Door County often as a youth and adult, was smitten with the facility. I figured infatuated was NPOV enough based on the source, but am open to suggestions. The ref is located there for that specific reason, since it comes across as POV. The rest of the sentence is covered Ref 1, which is located a few sentences farther along. « Gonzo fan2007  (talk)  @ 19:52, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * If it was me, I'd add that direct quote "smitten" in quotes rather than re-factor it maintaining the POV! The Rambling Man (Staying alive since 2005!) 12:03, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done « Gonzo fan2007  (talk)  @ 15:25, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * " their families[4] and" again, I would send that ref to the end of the sentence.
 * "would go on to be"->"were"
 * Thanks . I have addressed all the one's without specific replies. « Gonzo fan2007  (talk)  @ 19:52, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * no worries, a couple of responses. The Rambling Man (Staying alive since 2005!) 12:03, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * , I addressed the remaining items. Thanks again for the review! « Gonzo fan2007  (talk)  @ 15:25, 24 September 2019 (UTC)

 * All good, so I'll promote. Nice work. The Rambling Man (Staying alive since 2005!) 17:23, 24 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rockwood Lodge/GA1


text:
Wikibooks:Requests for permissions

__NEWSECTIONLINK__ All rights available on Wikibooks are handled here, including autoreview, reviewer, importer, uploader, administrator (and interface administrator), bureaucrat, CheckUser, pseudo-bot, and bot flags. A nomination must demonstrate how the project will benefit from granting the rights.

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 * Outcome
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= Removal of permissions=

= Requests for permissions =

AWB usage
Hi, I had AWB enabled under my old username. I've changed username from "Rubbish computer" to "Alextejthompson". I had AutoWikiBrowser permissions enabled on my old account, but it hasn't carried over to my new one. I am planning on looking to fix common typos. Am I ok to use AWB here for that? Have any rules changed? Alextejthompson (Ping me or leave a message on my talk page) 15:14, 12 September 2023 (UTC)

 * , you can update the AWB page with your new username. We tend to be lax on this. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 17:28, 12 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Hi, thanks for letting me know. Alextejthompson (Ping me or leave a message on my talk page) 17:30, 12 September 2023 (UTC)

Cremastra (AWB)
(AWB)

I'm requesting to have AWB access on this wiki, so that I can run w:WP:JWB to fix (or try to fix) some citation errors, and probably some typos as well. I have used JWB on English Wikipedia; you can see the edits I've done there at w:Special:Contribs/Cremastra (JWB). I know Leaderboard said above that Wikibooks tends to be lax on this, but since I'm quite new to the project I thought it best to ask. Thank-you, Cremastra (discuss • contribs) 21:30, 26 June 2024 (UTC)

 * @MarcGarver @Leaderboard I'm a bit unfamiliar with this—is this a specific right that needs to be granted? Or does the username just need to be added to AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON? —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 02:05, 27 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Hi you can just add it to the above page. In fact: we're lax here, so  can directly add it himself, as unlike en.wiki, that page is not sysop-protected. Leaderboard (discuss • contribs) 05:35, 27 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Which I've done, if that's all right. Cheers, Cremastra (discuss • contribs) 12:59, 27 June 2024 (UTC)
 * For future reference, the major problem with all automation is the flaggedrevisions. If the person using the tool does not have the reviewer right, every minor edit they make will create a new version that needs reviewing manually by someone else. I recommend checking anyone requesting AWB is a Reviewer first. Which means, in this case, needs to request autoreview on the alternative account, or use their main account. Using the separate account, which is what you seem to be intending to do, is going to create the problem I mentioned MarcGarver (discuss • contribs) 07:21, 28 June 2024 (UTC)

Autoreview for Cremastra (JWB)
I am requesting autoreview for my alternate account Cremastra (JWB) to avoid flooding recent changes with unreviewed semi-automated revisions as advised above. Thank you, Cremastra (discuss • contribs) 16:24, 28 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Wikibooks:Requests for permissions


text:
Dermanura rava

Dermanura rava is a species of leaf-nosed bat found in Central and South America.

Taxonomy
Dermanura rava was described as a new species in 1902 by American zoologist Gerrit Smith Miller Jr. The holotype had been collected in San Javier of northern Ecuador by "G. Fleming", often given by others as Flemming. Georg Flemming was a collector of biological specimens for William Frederick Henry Rosenberg, along with Rudolf Miketta. Dermanura species have frequently been included in the genus Artibeus, so D. rava has also been known as Artibeus ravus. Additionally, it was listed as a synonym of the pygmy fruit-eating bat (Dermanura phaeotis) in 1978 and 1982 publications. However, subsequent molecular analysis showed that D. rava was genetically distinct from the pygmy fruit-eating bat. Its sister taxon is Andersen's fruit-eating bat (Dermanura anderseni).

Description
Its fur is yellowish brown, and its face has four indistinct, whitish stripes. Its ears and flight membranes are light brown, with the margins of the flight membranes whitish. Based on the holotype, it has a forearm length of approximately 36 mm.

Range and habitat
D. rava is found in the following countries: Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. It has been documented at a range of elevations from 0-2050 m above sea level.

Conservation
As of 2019, it is evaluated as a least-concern species by the IUCN. It meets the criteria for this designation because of its wide geographic range, which includes large tracts of intact forest. It is considered relatively abundant, and no major threats to it or its habitat have been identified.

title: Dermanura rava


text:
Talk:John LeFevre

Mar-a-Lago membership
Was LeFevre a member of Donald Trump's Mar-a-Lago club? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:28, 11 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:John LeFevre


text:
Macroeconomics/Macroeconomic Equilibrium

Macroeconomic Equilibrium
Equilibrium is the situation where there is no tendency for change. The economy can be in equilibrium at any level of economic activity that is a high level (boom) or a low level (recession). Due to the size of many modern economies, equilibrium is a very temporary state, as changing variables affect the economy.

Macroeconomic Equilibrium can be shown through the C.F.M. using:

Savings + taxation + imports = investment + government spending + exports

This can be understood as savings approximately equal to investment, government spending to taxation, and similarly imports to exports, at least over the long run. It means that, at equilibrium, injections into the income stream equal the leakages from the income stream.

Total expenditure = total output = total income

It is easier to remember if you just think that they are really different ways of measuring the same thing, which is the flow of factors through the economy, which can be demonstrated with the CFM.

A change in the leakages and injections will cause a new equilibrium to be established where total income (∑Y), total output (∑O), and total expenditures (∑E) will again equate but at either a higher or lower level than the original equilibrium.

Leakages do not have to equal injections

e.g. imports constitute a leakage from the importing country's economy, but an injection to the exporting countries economy.

So looking at the world economy it is zero sum game, where Leakages = Injections, but looking at any one country's economy this need not be the case.


text:
Epauvillers

Epauvillers is a village and former municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. Since January 1, 2009 it is a part of the new municipality of Clos du Doubs in the Porrentruy District.

title: Epauvillers


text:
Buriram Hospital

Buriram Hospital (โรงพยาบาลบุรีรัมย์) is the main hospital of Buriram Province, Thailand and is classified under the Ministry of Public Health as a regional hospital. It has a CPIRD Medical Education Center which trains doctors for the Institute of Medicine of Suranaree University of Technology and is an affiliated hospital of the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University.

History
Buriram Hospital was first constructed in 1951 as one building with a capacity of 25 beds. It was officially opened on 10 March 1953. On 29 April 1997, the hospital became classified as a regional hospital and expanded to 520 beds. At the end of fiscal year 2000, the number of beds expanded to 590 and today the hospital has up to 895 beds in total.

title: Buriram Hospital


text:
The Worst Jobs in History

The Worst Jobs in History is a British television series hosted by Tony Robinson on Channel 4. The second series was shown in March 2006 on History Television in Canada, then in April 2006 on Channel 4 in the UK. The first season is also shown with some regularity on History International. Tony Robinson tries his hand at each of the jobs, ultimately nominating which one he thought was the worst in each programme.

First series
This was broadcast in 2004 and concentrated on a different historical period per programme: Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Medieval, Tudor, Stuarts, Georgian, and Victorian.

Some of the more repulsive or dangerous jobs included fuller, executioner, leech collector, plague burier, rat-catcher, leather tanner, gong farmer, and sin-eater.

There was a one-off special called The Worst Christmas Jobs in History in December 2005. He also commented on several jobs during the runtime of the tv show, one of which was the Knocker-up.

Second series
Broadcast first in March 2006 on The History Channel in Canada, then in April 2006 on Channel 4 in the UK. This series concentrated on particular job settings: urban, royal, industrial, maritime and rural.

International broadcasters

 * Australia – The ABC screens this programme on Sunday nights. It generally rates very well, often with 1 million viewers.
 * Finland – The Yle screens the programme on Yle Teema.

title: The Worst Jobs in History


text:
Φαέθων

Etymology
Use as a proper noun of the masculine forms of, the present active participle of.

Proper noun

 * 1) one of the light-bringing steeds of Eos
 * 2) son of Eos and Cephalus
 * 3)  son of Helios, famous for his unlucky driving of the sun-chariot, and subject of a play by Euripides
 * 4) the Sun
 * 5) the constellation Auriga
 * 6) the planet Jupiter
 * 1) the Sun
 * 2) the constellation Auriga
 * 3) the planet Jupiter
 * 1) the constellation Auriga
 * 2) the planet Jupiter
 * 1) the planet Jupiter
 * 1) the planet Jupiter
 * 1) the planet Jupiter

title: Φαέθων


text:
Sunningdale School

Sunningdale School is a family-run boys' preparatory independent boarding school of around 100 pupils, situated in Sunningdale in Berkshire, close to London, England.

Introduction
Sunningdale School is a small school that seeks to educate its pupils in a range of subjects and disciplines, and to encourage them to take the Common Entrance Examination for entry to senior independent boarding schools. Many pupils go on to some of Britain's best independent schools, including Eton College, Harrow School, Radley College, Winchester College, and Charterhouse.

Founded in 1874 by William Girdlestone, it stands in 25 acre of gardens and grounds. He was later joined by his son, Theophilus Girdlestone, who helped run the school for the next quarter of a century until an unfortunate period for the family with Girdlestone dying on 22 February 1897 and Theophilus quickly following on 25 June 1899. This would lead to the school being sold in 1900 to the next headmaster, F. L. Crabtree (1900–33), the pupils numbered 27. Since its foundation, the school has had only seven heads.

The school was the subject of a BBC television documentary, Britain's Youngest Boarders, first broadcast in September 2010.

Background
The school has its own chapel, and a house in Normandy, France to which each boy goes for a week three times during his time at Sunningdale. The school's major sports are football, rugby union and cricket in the Michaelmas, Lent and summer terms respectively. Boys also play tennis, squash, Eton Fives, basketball, field hockey, golf and table tennis against other independent boarding schools. Fives has been played at Sunningdale since at least 1892 and the school has 3 courts on site. They also compete in athletics, cross-country, fencing, judo and air rifle shooting. There is a heated indoor swimming pool which means that the boys can swim all year round. The sports hall includes two full-length cricket nets and an air rifle range. There is also a 7-hole golf course in the grounds. Boys can also ride and do clay pigeon shooting and in their last term they do an outward bound course on Dartmoor. Indoor activities include chess, model railway, cooking, bridge, snooker, Scottish dancing, drama, model making and board games.

Former pupils
Former pupils of Sunningdale School include:
 * Henry Blofeld, BBC cricket commentator
 * Michael Bowes-Lyon, 18th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne
 * Sir Henry Cecil, horse racing trainer
 * Guy Clark, Lord Lieutenant of Renfrewshire
 * John Crichton, Viscount Crichton, property consultant
 * Henry Field, US anthropologist who documented Iraq's Marsh Arabs
 * Francis Fulford, Devon landowner, reality star of The F***ing Fulfords
 * Bamber Gascoigne, British television presenter and author
 * Gerald Grosvenor, 6th Duke of Westminster, the former richest aristocrat in the UK
 * Carey Harrison, novelist and dramatist
 * Frederick Hervey, 8th Marquess of Bristol
 * Bernard Heywood, Church of England bishop
 * Nick Hurd, Government Minister
 * Prince Michael of Kent, cousin of the Queen and member of the Royal Family
 * Lord Frederick Windsor, British Royal and financial analyst
 * William Kinghan, unionist politician, High Sheriff of Down, 1924
 * Humphrey Lyttelton, jazz musician and BBC radio presenter
 * Ferdinand Mount, writer and novelist
 * Ian Ogilvy, actor
 * Stephen Powys, 6th Baron Lilford
 * Hugh van Cutsem, landowner, banker, businessman, and horse-breeder
 * Vacharaesorn Vivacharawongse, former Thai prince
 * Chakriwat Vivacharawongse, former Thai prince

title: Sunningdale School


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/serahotels.com

Links

 * serahotels.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * serahotels.com is hosted on transerahotels.com
 * transerahotels.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 1 additions.


text:
Talk:Statutory interpretation

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 11 January 2021 and 13 March 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): J.perales1121.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 10:10, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Proposal to insert sub-categories in General Principles
The general principles in its current form is heavily based on the US practice and may inadvertently mislead those who come from a different school of interpretation and would not serve the 'objectivism' purpose of wikipedia. Therefore, I suggest that we club the current general principles under a sub-category with the title U.S.A and add other country-specific categories. I am going to go forward and insert a section within the Indian body of interpretation. I suggest that others try to include the practice followed in other countries. Consequently, once we have a substantive collection, the common principles can be clubbed under a renewed 'General principles' while the rest can be grouped under 'country-specific principles'. Joel a joseph (talk) 17:52, 14 May 2018 (UTC)

Difference between interpretation and construction
We can include the difference between interpretation and construction which, though has been exclusively relegated to the academic realm holds a special significance in understanding the concept of interpretation. Joel a joseph (talk) 17:54, 14 May 2018 (UTC)

Merge
There are at least four very similar articles: "Canons of Statutory Construction," "Legislative Intent," "Statutory Construction," and "Statutory Interpretation." They should be merged, because they all detail the same set of rules. Specifically, when a legislature writes a law, it uses the "Canons of Statutory Construction" to record its "Legislative Intent." When a court reviews a law, it uses the "Canons of Statutory Construction" as the first step in trying to determine the "legislative intent." We call that process "statutory interpretion." If, however, the text has more than one legitimate interpretation, then it is ambiguous (has no plain meaning from which to determine the legislature's intent). Accordingly, the court will then use alternative methods to determine the legislature's intent, such as researching the legislative history. -end. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:13, 29 June 2006.

 * You have explained it clearly. I support the merge. "Legislative intent" is on the short list of things that come to mind when I think of principles of statutory interpretation. I frankly don't even comprehend the contrary approach. Are there major differences between US and non-US jurisdictions? Lagringa 10:06, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

I agree that this page and the entry on statutory interpretation should be combined into a single entry, since the material is quite similar. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:40, 4 April 2006.

Statutory construction and statutory interpretation are two different things. Please retain this article. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:53, 1 August 2006.

Statutory contruction and interprtation are the same, it is your explanation that are problematic. The plain meaning comes formt he founders are they sat writing the constitution. An ever breathing Living Consitution is not mention by your cite at all and htat is what is most mentioned or researched by novices today.

This sections seems unimportant, and this article is very biased against the canons and reflects a "living constitution" type approach. It should be heavily edited to be more objectionable toward textualists. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs).

Legislative intent is one of several methods of statutory interpretation/construction. Those two -- statutory interpretation & statutory construction -- need to be merged. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:39, 17 April 2006.

Legislative History is a topic large enough to justify its independence. It's better to leave it as a link. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Zoobree (talk • contribs) 11:57, 24 April 2006.

Much too large of a topic to include. A section should be started on Loose Constructionist Interpretations, however. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:12, 24 April 2006.

I think statutory interpretation should be the main article. The section that is called "canons of statutory interpretation" discusses mostly textual canons. No one has posted anything about the various levels of statutory abstraction or some of the other popular methods of examining statutes. I agree with the first comment, that legislative intent is but one level of interpretation. New Textualists will avoid legislative intent and history in most cases. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:47, 26 April 2006.

I think legislative intent needs to remain a separate page. Perhaps there could be a paragraph blurb for each major theory of interpretation on the main Statutory Interpretation page, and then a link to separate pages dealing with each one. Textualism, originalism, legislative intent, policy-based analysis, and possibly one for deference to prior interpretations. Libertylaw 12:12, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Legislative intent and statutory interpration are different concepts and should be treated accordingly.

One more article to be merged into this is Judicial interpretation. That one is reference in the article for Purposive rule. In addition it seems to have a copyright problem. So an easy way to solve that would be to redirect Judicial Interpretation to Statutory Interpretation and kill to birds with one stone. I will redirect the reference in Purposive rule to here anyway. Ernie (talk) 07:32, 10 October 2010 (UTC)

Trinity Church
An explanation of why I reverted Trinity Church - the case was decided against the plain meaning of the statute because the straightforward reading would go against the fundamental value of allowing free religious exercise. --Libertylaw 01:03, 7 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Okay, sorry for introducing an error! Wareh 02:07, 7 December 2006 (UTC)
 * No worries. I actually think the Holy Trinity Church v. United States page is inaccurate, or at least misleading, but I don't have time to fix it during exams. --Libertylaw 12:24, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

Another one?
IANAL, but I recall from reading Stephen Breyer's book Active Liberty that he mentions a canon which states that statutes should be interpreted to give effect to every single word. Does this belong on the list, or is it already covered and I missed it? 121a0012 21:12, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Aren't there more than just what's listed?
Leges posteriores priores contrarias abrogant — Subsequent laws repeal those before enacted to the contrary. Shouldn't we have them all? Foofighter20x (talk) 06:06, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

Merger proposal
Ties in with the merge discussion above. Found another long lost article that should be included in this article. Foofighter20x (talk) 09:33, 30 December 2008 (UTC)

Charming Betsy v. Charming Betsey Doctrine
There is some confusion about the correct spelling of Betsy or Betsey. Google reports thousands of results for both but the correct title for the doctrine or cannon is Betsy. Lexis-Nexis, West-Law, and Bulk.Resource.org all indicate the proper caption of the case is ALEXANDER MURRAY v. The Schooner CHARMING BETSY. Only Justia lists the caption as ALEXANDER MURRAY v. The Schooner CHARMING BETSEY. A full text search of the Justia opinion find both spellings. Full text searches of Lexis-Nexis, WestLaw, and Bulk.Resource.org opinions reveal on the the Betsy spelling.

Further the Supreme Courts website includes a listing of cases, the date they were argued and the date they were decided. Page 4 of this document lists:

"64   Murray v. Schooner Charming Betsy............................Mar. 1, 1803, Feb. 9-10,13-15, 1804..................Feb. 22, 1804"

This is strong evidence that the correct spelling of the doctrine is Betsy not Betsey.

Rule of Lenity
Rule of Lenity redirects here. It's not the same though, so I'm thinking about breaking it out unless there are objections. Piratejosh85 (talk) 15:32, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

Not just the courts
In my (European) perception, not just the courts but anybody applying (statutory) rules engages in interpretation - which actually means nothing else than "assess the meaning". Of course, courts are right by definition, while anybody else may be wrong. Rbakels (talk) 06:06, 2 May 2012 (UTC)

US Perspective
This article gives a heavily US-biased view on a topic of importance in all nations. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:08, 2 April 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Statutory interpretation


text:
meteoromancy

Noun

 * 1) Divination by interpreting meteorological phenomena such as meteors.
 * 2) * 1855 Elihu Rich in Smedley et al. Occult Sci.
 * The Romans are believed to have derived meteoromancy from Etruria.
 * 1) * 1983 Complete Bk Predictions
 * Meteoromancy: Divination from meteors and shooting stars.
 * Meteoromancy: Divination from meteors and shooting stars.

Translations

 * French: meteoromancie

title: meteoromancy


text:
Tijan

Tijan (, also Romanized as Tījān) is a village in Binalud Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 99, in 23 families.

title: Tijan


text:
Grand Opera House

Grand Opera House may refer to:

Australia

 * Grand Opera House, Sydney

Canada

 * Grand Opera House (Toronto)

France

 * Palais Garnier in Paris, often called the "Grand Opera House"

Philippines

 * Manila Grand Opera House

United Kingdom

 * Grand Opera House, Belfast, Northern Ireland
 * Grand Opera House, York, England

United States

 * Alphabetical by state, then city

 * Grand Opera House (Los Angeles), California
 * Grand Opera House (San Francisco), California
 * Grand Opera House (Pueblo, Colorado), designed by Adler & Sullivan
 * Grand Opera House (Wilmington, Delaware), NRHP-listed
 * Degive's Grand Opera House, Atlanta, Georgia, NRHP-listed
 * Grand Opera House (Macon, Georgia), NRHP-listed
 * Beardstown Grand Opera House, Beardstown, Illinois, NRHP-listed
 * Grand Opera House (Chicago), Illinois
 * Grand Opera House (Dubuque, Iowa), NRHP-listed
 * Ford's Grand Opera House, Baltimore, Maryland
 * Grand Opera House (Boston), Massachusetts
 * Grand Opera House (St. James, Minnesota), NRHP-listed
 * Grand Opera House (Meridian, Mississippi), NRHP-listed
 * Grand Opera House (St. Louis), Missouri
 * Grand Opera House (Brooklyn), New York
 * Grand Opera House (Manhattan), New York City
 * Vale Hotel and Grand Opera House, Vale, Oregon, NRHP-listed
 * Grand 1894 Opera House (Galveston, Texas), NRHP-listed
 * Grand Opera House (Uvalde, Texas), NRHP-listed
 * Grand Opera House (Seattle), Washington
 * Grand Opera House (Ashland, Wisconsin)
 * Oshkosh Grand Opera House, Wisconsin, NRHP-listed

title: Grand Opera House


text:
Makoto Sakamoto

Makoto Douglas Sakamoto (born April 8, 1947) is a retired American artistic gymnast and coach. He competed at the 1964 and 1972 Summer Olympics with the best individual result of 17th place on parallel bars in 1972. Domestically he won the AAU titles in the all-around and horizontal bar in 1963, in the all-around in 1964, and in all seven events in 1965.

Sakamoto was born in 1947 in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan, and in 1955 his family moved to California, U.S. After receiving B.A. and M.A. degrees in coaching he worked as assistant coach at UCLA in 1976–1984. His trainees included Peter Vidmar and Tim Daggett. After that he worked for the New South Wales Gymnastics Association in Sydney, Australia in 1984–1987, and between 1987 and 2000 he was head coach at Brigham Young University. Sakamoto was assistant coach for the American teams that competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and 1981 and 1983 world championships. He is married to Masako Yoshisa and has two children. In 1986 he was inducted into the U.S. Gymnastics Hall of Fame.

title: Makoto Sakamoto


text:
Web Design/Sample Timetable

This week-by-week timetable through the web course is intended only as a sample. All of us work at different paces and have different skills when we start. Feel free to update with your own feedback and experience!

Note: This is being replaced by the new structure ideas.

 * Week 1
 * A Step-by-Step Introductory Web Project

 * Week 2
 * A Small Website Project - Begin

 * Week 4
 * A Small Website Project - Finishing off
 * CSS Layout Challenges - Challenge 3
 * Intermediate HTML and CSS - Finishing off learning intermediate HTML and CSS.
 * Alice in Wonderland - Start learning about computer programming with this fun tool!

 * Week 5

title: Web Design/Sample Timetable


text:
Talk:Arika Yumemiya

Untitled
Right now I'm just doing a rough work for the characters of My Otome so don't hesitate to come in and fix things up --nameless86

I think the second paragraph after spoilers should be taken out, since it's later contradicted by later episodes. I'll stick a small note in the article and may omit it later. --Katsuhagi 01:46, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

-- no longer a stub <IP_ADDRESS> 16:42, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

What about the manga? Since it's like so different. Do we put it here too or what, considering that this article is getting big and the manga Arika is somewhat different... Especially where her family is concerned. --Warp L. Obscura 14:22, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

- I added a brief spoiler-free section regarding Arika's manga self in Trivia. I suppose it's sufficient like that, but feel free to do changes. Rexas 11:17, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

In the section about Arika's MH appearances I elaborated on why her name is written differently in the game than in the series. I made sure the MO version is indeed in katakana and the game version in native Japanese characters. When it's written in the kanji and katakana of the game it implies she's from Japan (hiragana is used for native words, katakana for non-native) so I added that in as well, just to clarify. --Katsuhagi 16:02, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Picture
I think we should get a new picture for the top of the page. This one doesn't really show what she is like, you know? After the spoiler tag, it says she is cheerful and optimistic, and she doesn't look like either of them in that picture. Linkforlife 17:13, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

I like it. I think its quite cute, and typifies her naive character. :p Agent Low 13:19, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arika Yumemiya


text:
Alwin Walther

Alwin Oswald Walther (6May 1898 – 4January 1967) was a German mathematician, engineer and professor. He is one of the pioneers of mechanical computing technology in Germany.

Life
Alwin Walther was born in May 1898 in Reick near Dresden. From 1916 to 1919 Walther served his military service. He was wounded twice and received the Iron Cross 1st Class. From 1919 to 1922 he studied mathematics at the Technical University of Dresden and the University of Göttingen. In 1922, he received his doctorate to Dr. rer. tech. (today according to Dr.-Ing.) from the University of Göttingen under the supervision of Gerhard Kowalewski and Max Otto Lagally. From 1922 to 1928, he was assistant and senior Assistant to Richard Courant at the Mathematical Institute at the University of Göttingen. In 1924, he habilitated and became a Privatdozent. The year before, he stayed in Copenhagen for scientific purposes. From 1926 to 1927 he was a Rockefeller Fellow in Copenhagen and Stockholm. On 1 April 1928 Walther became a full professor of mathematics at the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt and director of the Institute for Applied Mathematics, which he built. In 1955, he was a visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley.

Alwin Walther, Heinz Billing, Helmut Schreyer, Konrad Zuse and Alan Turing met in Göttingen in 1947. In the form of a colloquium, British experts (including John R. Womersley, Arthur Porter and Alan Turing) interviewed Walther, Billing, Schreyer and Zuse.

Walther retired on 30 September 1966. A few months later he died after a short illness at the age of 68 years in Darmstadt.

Work
Walther attached great importance to questions of the practical application of mathematics. Alwin Walther was one of the first to adapt the mathematics to the requirements of the engineers. In the early 1930s he developed the slide rules "System Darmstadt", which was widely used in engineering.

On his initiative, the German Computing Centre in Darmstadt and the International Computing Centre in Rome were built.

Walter was a nominator in two nominations for the Nobel Prize in Physics, Peter Debye (1930) and Enrico Fermi (1936).

Peter Schnell, founder of Software AG, Rudolf Zurmühl and Helmut Hoelzer, the inventor and constructor of the world's first electronic analog computer, were his students.

From 1952 to 1955 he was chairman of the Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik (GAMM). From 1958 he was board member of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and from 1959 to 1962 he was vice president of the newly founded International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP).

Alwin Walther was active for many years in the Association of Friends of the Technische Universität Darmstadt. In March 1933 he became deputy secretary. In the following year, until the late 1940s, he was their treasurer. In 1950, the general assembly appointed him as honorary member of the Association.

Institute for Applied Mathematics
In 1928, Alwin Walther built the Institute for Applied Mathematics at the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt. It was the first Institute for Applied Mathematics in Germany. The focus of the institute was on the development of electronic arithmetic. Already at the end of the thirties, he set up a computing station in his institute. The computing capacity was unique in Europe at the time. At the computing station two decades before the invention of programming languages, algorithms were tested and used successfully in the processing of problems from industry.

In Germany, the beginnings of computer science go back to the Institute for Applied Mathematics of the TH Darmstadt. In 1956, the first programming lectures and internships in Germany were offered at the TH Darmstadt.

The Institute for Applied Mathematics contributed to Zuse's Z4 by providing parts and components.

In 1951, the development of the digital electronic computing machine "Darmstädter Elektronischer Rechenautomat (DERA)" in tube technology was started. Around the same time, Walther procured a computer of the highest performance class, an IBM 650, for the TH Darmstadt. The TH Darmstadt was thus the first university in Germany to have a mainframe computer.

Due to the reputation that the TH Darmstadt had at the time in computer science research, the first international congress on computer science held in German-speaking countries took place in October 1955 at the TH Darmstadt.

Awards

 * 1950: Honorary member of the Association of Friends of the Technische Universität Darmstadt.
 * 1959: Silver Medal of the City of Paris on the occasion of his preparation for a UNESCO Congress for Information Processing
 * 1963: Silver merit plaque of the city Darmstadt
 * 1963: Honorary doctorate from the TU Dresden

Publications (selection)

 * Einführung in die mathematische Behandlung naturwissenschaftlicher Fragen, Springer, Berlin, 1928.
 * Unterricht und Forschung im Institut für Praktische Mathematik (IPM) der Technischen Hochschule Darmstadt, Der mathematische Unterricht in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Kapitel XVIII, S. 260–274.
 * Fastperiodische Folgen und Potenzreihen mit fastperiodischen Koeffizienten; Abhandlungen aus dem Mathematischen Seminar der Universität Hamburg; 6,217–234 (1928).

Alwin-Walther-Medal
From 1997 to 2010, the departments of computer science and mathematics at the Technische Universität Darmstadt awarded an Alwin-Walther-Medal for outstanding achievements, as well as for exceptional research and development work in the fields of computer science or applied mathematics.

Literature

 * Melanie Hanel: Normalität unter Ausnahmebedingungen. Die TH Darmstadt im Nationalsozialismus, Darmstadt 2014.
 * Technische Universität Darmstadt: Technische Bildung in Darmstadt. Die Entwicklung der Technischen Hochschule 1836–1996, Volume 4, Darmstadt 1998.
 * Wilhelm Barth: Alwin Walther – Praktische Mathematik und Computer an der THD, in: Technische Hochschule Darmstadt Jahrbuch 1978/79, Darmstadt, 1979, S. 29–34.
 * Alwin Walther: Pionier des Wissenschaftlichen Rechnens, Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium anlässlich des hundertsten Geburtstages, 8. Mai 1998, Darmstadt 1999, published by Hans-Jürgen Hoffmann.
 * Christa Wolf and Marianne Viefhaus: Verzeichnis der Hochschullehrer der TH Darmstadt, Darmstadt 1977.

title: Alwin Walther


text:
100 percent

Adjective

 * 1) complete, entire, whole
 * We are willing to provide 100 percent mortgages.
 * He has a 100 percent record of success.
 * 1)  Wholly sure; confident in one's knowledge.
 * I'm not 100 percent on that question.

Adverb

 * 1) Completely, entirely, wholly.
 * I can assure you the we are 100 percent with you in this matter.
 * Many retailers are now offering 100 percent natural products.
 * 1) Completely well.

Interjection

 * 1)  excellent, wonderful, magnificent
 * Your parcel has arrived. / Ah, 100 percent!

title: 100 percent


text:
Talk:Effingham, Illinois

The Cross
The cross is nowhere near the largest in the world. The article should reflect this if the, I assume, local claim that it is the largest is to remain. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:48, 2 September 2009 (UTC)

The cross doesn't violate the Establishment Clause because it wasn't built by, and isn't supported by the state. -8472

Mall section
I removed the section on the mall. It does not help the article in the least, and is POV advertising. I don't really think there's any need to keep it. --Core desat 23:12, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Expulsion at the High School?
It's the 18th of October and I haven't heard a thing about someone being expelled for calling Fox a "male genetalia". I'm just going to get rid of this (despite it's entertainment value) though I would like to comment that Fox is a very shaddy character, he won't speak on record, and has a history for his questionable interigation tecniques. Alot of people here at the high school are just dying to see him mess up and get himself fired. And as a personal rant, to the guy who posted that comment in the first place, please don't abuse wikipedia, it's already in bad shape.--EHS Student-- 08:11, 18 October 2007

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Effingham, Illinois. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fwww%2Fdecennial.html to http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:14, 21 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Effingham, Illinois


text:
intelecto

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) brain

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) intellect; faculty of knowing, reasoning, and understanding in general (uncountable)
 * 2) intellect; of a person in particular (countable)

title: intelecto


text:
Cabril Dam

Cabril Dam (Barragem do Cabril) is a concrete double curvature arch dam on the Zêzere River, where the river forms the border line between the districts of Castelo Branco and Leiria. It is located in the municipality Sertã, in Castelo Branco District, Portugal.

Construction of the dam began in 1950. The dam was completed in 1954. It is owned by Companhia Portuguesa de Produção de Electricidade (CPPE).

Dam
Cabril Dam is a 132 m tall (height above foundation) and 290 m long double curvature arch dam with a crest altitude of 297 m. The volume of the dam is 360,000 m³. The dam features on both banks one shaft spillway (combined maximum discharge 2,200 m³/s) and one bottom outlet (maximum discharge 200 m³/s).

The Dam's arch is crossed by Estrada Nacional 2, Portugal's longest road

Reservoir
At full reservoir level of 294 m (maximum flood level of 296.3 m) the reservoir of the dam has a surface area of 20.23 km2 and a total capacity of 720 mio. m³ (active capacity 615 mio. m³). Minimum operating level is 240 m. With the 615 mio. m³ water 339.3 GWh can be produced.

Power plant
The hydroelectric power plant went operational in 1954. It is owned by CPPE, but operated by EDP. The plant has a nameplate capacity of 108 (97)   MW. Its average annual generation is 304.8 (301 or 312 ) GWh.

The power station contains 2 Francis turbine-generators with 47 MW (61 MVA) each in a surface powerhouse at the toe of the dam. The turbine rotation is 214.3 rpm. The minimum hydraulic head is 84.6 m, the maximum 121.5 m. Maximum flow per turbine is 54 m³/s.

title: Cabril Dam


text:
nanobiotechnology

Noun

 * 1) Any of several forms of biotechnology employing devices on the nano scale

Translations

 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Italian:

title: nanobiotechnology


text:
Wikipedia talk:Category intersection

About this proposal
This proposal was started by User:Rick Block and User:SamuelWantman. The initial discussions leading to the proposal are in Archive 1. There is also discussion about the different options here.

'''Please leave comments about the proposal on this page. Thank you for your input.'''

Great proposal
I love this idea Have you a breakdown of what intersects are most common? eg for Person Are they mainly century (which we could work out from birth and death), countries/cities associated with the person, religion? Wakelamp d[@-@]b (talk) 14:01, 29 November 2021 (UTC)

This doesn't directly answer your question of most common intersects, but I found this page while trying to figure out if MediaWiki supports this. My non-Wikipedia desire for this is a soccer wiki where different clubs have different programs. If I want to find a club in a city that has a special needs program, a few category tags would make that search trivial. jbailey (talk) 16:49, 20 March 2022 (UTC)

'Proof of concept' does not work
Section 'Proof of concept implementation' links to page with a form that gives error when submitted. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:51, 6 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Category intersection


text:
sín

Alternative scripts

 * (nko)

Noun

 * 1) breast

Alternative scripts

 * (nko)

Verb

 * 1) to face, be opposite

Pronoun

 * 1) reflexive pronoun,
 * 2) * hann sendi eitt bræv til sín sjálvs
 * he sent a letter to himself

Etymology 2
, from.

Pronoun

 * 1) his, her, its, their; the third person possessive pronoun

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) rail

Etymology 1
From, from , from the same root as (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬), from  (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to stretch, extend
 * 2) to pass transfer from one person to another, hand over
 * 3) to lengthen

Etymology 2
From, , from. .

Noun

 * 1) sign

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) weather
 * "sga"
 * "sga"

- .i. conscuchud suas ar ómun inna sín.

 * "sga"
 * "sga"

- Dech do sínaib céo

Usage notes
Often, but not always, with negative connotations.

title: sín


text:
Charlie Henry (basketball, born 1985)

Charlie Henry (born c. 1985) is an American basketball coach, currently the head coach for the Georgia Southern men's basketball team of the Sun Belt Conference.

Playing career
Henry played four years Madonna University in Michigan.

Coaching career
Henry's coaching career began at Romulus HS under Nate Oats for one season before becoming a graduate manager at Utah before joining the Indiana Pacers as a video coordinator. In 2013, he'd join Iowa State's coaching staff as director of player personnel before being promoted to assistant coach by head coach Fred Hoiberg. In July 2015, Henry followed Hoiberg to the NBA as he took the head coaching position with the Chicago Bulls. Henry would get his first head coaching experience in August 2017, when he was named the head coach of the Windy City Bulls in the NBA G-League.

Henry would reunite with Oats at Alabama in 2019 as an assistant coach, and he'd serve in the role until he was named the head coach at Georgia Southern, replacing Brian Burg on March 14, 2023.

title: Charlie Henry (basketball, born 1985)


text:
LMC

Usage notes

 * The travel usage was used for GDS shorthand and as a computer queue category.

Noun

 * °N, °W
 * °N, °W

Noun

 * 1)  ; CML.

title: LMC


text:
Mario Ciocco

Mario Ciocco (1907 – 24 July 1967) was a Swiss sports shooter. He competed in the 300 m rifle and the 50 m rifle events at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

title: Mario Ciocco


text:
Talk:Har Gilo

Untitled
The discussion about the legality of Israeli settlements is held on the page of that name, and it doesn't belong on this page, which is simply a community profile. Tewfik 22:59, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

NPOV - Har Gilo is an Israeli settlement on occupied Palestinian territory and illegal under international law. —Babelfisch 04:46, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

Babelfisch, is the article NPOV or the settlement? I do not think that the article is NPOV at all. It is a simple geographical description of a village. --Shuki 17:22, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The article is not NPOV. It is not a "village" or an "Israeli community", and it is not built on "disputed land". It is an illegal settlement built on occupied land. The article is also not about "Israel geography". These issues can't simply be ignored, as Tewfik would like to. —Babelfisch 13:27, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

 * And yet, other settlements do not have the NPOV tag, and NPOV refers to the article, not the subject matter. That would be like placing NPOV on Jerusalem because the title isn't Al-Quds. -Preposterous 04:12, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Babelfisch, is it fair to give you a week to find sources for your claims? --Shuki 20:29, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The article originally stated that the settlement was built on territory conquered in 1967, there is no citation necessary for the fact that this is occupied territory. For the expropriations, I've given references. —Babelfisch 12:22, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

These issues are not being 'ignored,' rather they are dealt with at Israeli settlement. There is no reason to treat this article differently than any other settlement. And it is hardly appropriate to have nine critical references, especially as five as supplied by two organisations. Cheers,  Tewfik Talk 19:54, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I was asked to cite my sources, so I've added them.
 * The legal status of the settlement is highly relevant. It's not sufficient that it is "dealt with" somewhere else, especially when there is no link to that article. א גוטן טאָג, —Babelfisch 10:22, 30 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Tewfik is right. What you're doing is ambushing this article with political views that have nothing to do with the actual geography or substance of the place. I don't know what you have specifically against Har Gilo but it's clearly not the place for it. Amoruso 11:26, 30 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Babelfisch, your crusade to chew this Har Gilo extensively is not in place. You need to conform to the category of Israel's geographic stubs... these are short neutral descriptions of the places. Settlement - yes. That's it. There are millions of conflict related issues, but this is a geography stub, and it will remain as such on the issue of geography. And yes Judea is a geogrphical area as well and it describes it. "Peace Now" or any other political opinon about settlements, including this one, have a place in a seperate article pertaining to those issues. Not here. Amoruso 11:40, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

Ocupied/disputed
Changed "the disputed land" into "West Bank". To keep "the disputed land" as the most NPOV is obviously bogus. Israel is obviously going to dispute the land (that's what occupiers do by definition). Any occupier would do that (else their wouldn't be a reason to occupy it to begin with). But what an occupier thinks is pretty much irrelevant to international judicial realities and thus to Wikipedia. For this reason we don't speak of the Soviet defense of Afghanistan on Wikipedia (as Pravda proclaimed), but of the Soviet war in Afghanistan. Since that is the reality. This has nothing to do with a Palestinian point of view (hell I'm a Jew living in Antwerp, Belgium), this is just reality (and no, reality doesn't have a Palestinian bias, but it doesn't have an Israeli bias either). Thus whatever one thinks of the settlements (I personally think they have a right to keep existing there with necessary concessions to the Palestinians), it doesn't stop the settlements from being in occupied territory in international judicial terms. To call it disputed land is Israeli POV. Occupied territory is NPOV, but to please you all I chose "West Bank" so they can look up the status of the West Bank there.<IP_ADDRESS> 17:44, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * First of all, it has nothing to do with who you are and if you are Jewish or not. The main point here is not the issue of whether the 'West Bank' is occupied or not, but whether the settlement of Har Gilo has been built on occupied Palestinian land. If you can show how that specific land is occupied, then fine, wikipedia should state that. But until now, you, I, and no one has managed to provide references that show if this is fact or not. Disputed is the most NPOV term possible. The scope of this article is the hill called Har Gilo. --Shuki 20:09, 9 September 2006 (UTC)
 * http://www.peacenow.org.il/site/en/peace.asp?pi=57&docid=221. It's on land conquered after the 1967 war, thus ipso facto in occupied territory.<IP_ADDRESS> 22:44, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * <IP_ADDRESS>, ipso facto, is Kfar Etzion also on occupied territory? Or how about the destroyed Kfar Darom? --Shuki 00:22, 10 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Ofcourse<IP_ADDRESS> 00:47, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

 * On what basis do you base that? Both villages exist on privately owned land that existed during the 'mandate' (before Jordan and Egypt) destroyed and now rebuilt. So is this liberated land now also occupied as well? --Shuki 01:39, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I base it on the international consensus that the area conquered during the Six Day War is considered to be occupied territory. Whether Israel recaptured land during the Six Day war that it was given to in the Partition Plan is irrelevant. Since the basis for international consensus isn't the UN Partion Plan (some Pro Palestinians and anti-Semites make that point, that it should be based on the Partition Plan, I hope you aren't trolling). Luckily that isn't the case, else 45% of the former 'mandate' would be considered occupied territory and not the 22% as is now the case. <IP_ADDRESS> 01:09, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

I find it quite unbelievable that not only any information the status of the settlement that contradicts point of view of the Israeli extreme right was removed, but also all the references. I'd call that vandalism. Earlier version for reference below. —Babelfisch 09:13, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Har Gilo (הר גילה) is an Israeli settlement located about five kilometers south of Jerusalem, and 2 kilometers west of Bethlehem. It was one of the first settlements to be built on occupied territory after Israel won the Six-Day War in June 1967. It is part of Gush Etzion, Judea, and has over 150 families.

 * Har Gilo is located adjacent to the peak of Mount Gilo, one of the most dramatic mountains in the southern West Bank or Judea. The Mount Gilo Field School is located at the peak at 923 meters, and it possesses a nearly unobstructed view of the entire region: to the south lies Mount Hebron, Herodium, and Halhul. To the east lies the Judean Desert, the Dead Sea, and the Moab mountains of Jordan. To the north lies Jerusalem, the Tomb of the Prophet Samuel, and the mountains of Samaria. Visible to the west are the Jerusalem Forest, the Judean Lowland, Tel Aviv, and the Mediterranean Sea.

 * References

 * The Strangulation of Beit Jala (PDF; Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem)
 * The enclavement of Al Walajeh Village (Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem)
 * The Israeli Colonization Activities in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip During 2004 (Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem)
 * Meron Rapaport: Land Lords (Ha'aretz)
 * Zachary Wales: Orwell in the Holy Land (Al-Ahram Weekly)
 * Mary O'Regan: Christmas in Bethlehem (Ecumenical Accompaniment Programme in Palestine and Israel)
 * Har Gilo (Peace Now)
 * Gush Etzion (Americans for Peace Now)
 * Ahmad Jaradat: Violence and Occupation Watch: Report LXXI (Alternative Information Centre)

 * These references are all highly inflammtoary extremist political articles that have nothing to do with a geography of a place. Do you want me to link thousands of articles from Arutz Sheva and other papers in Israel concerning Arab occupation in the artices of Ramallah and Qalqilya ? These is a place for politics, and a place for geography. Amoruso 09:36, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

 * They're also not references, they're external links, irrelevant external links that stuffing them are against wikipedia policy and are simply spam. Amoruso 09:41, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

The discussions about the status of the West Bank are held at their article. This is an article about geography which makes note of the fact that it is an Israeli settlement, with all that that may or may not entail. Cheers,  Tewfik Talk 16:29, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Even geographic stubs often contain political information. There is political geography, and thats why we have political maps. If you were to wikipedia search England, or France, I find it hard to believe the page would not contain any information on the political structures of those regions. Don't you? Colourinthemeaning 15:25, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Har Gilo


text:
Talk:Ransom Canyon, Texas

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: https://web.archive.org/web/20090515123958/http://www.ci.ransom-canyon.tx.us/history.asp. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, and according to fair use may copy sentences and phrases, provided they are included in quotation marks and referenced properly. The material may also be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Therefore such paraphrased portions must provide their source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 10:02, 31 July 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ransom Canyon, Texas


text:
Talk:Dave Gregory (musician)

Disambiguation page?
It's always a case of thin ice when one makes a point like this, but... Dave Gregory (cricketer) was the captain of a national cricket team (Australia) in the first Test matches ever played. Personally I think that probably makes him more notable than the musician, XTC's influence notwithstanding. Any thoughts welcome! Loganberry (Talk) 03:37, 5 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Ah; there's a David Gregory disambiguation page, I see. Loganberry (Talk) 14:04, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

Requested move

The result of the move request was: moved the article, but there are a lot of links to Dave Gregory, so someone should disambiguate those before changing the redirect to point to the dab page. Kotniski (talk) 11:16, 8 January 2011 (UTC)

Dave Gregory → Dave Gregory (musician) — And then redirect Dave Gregory to David Gregory. The other "Dave Gregory", Dave Gregory (cricketer), is a very significant person, being the first ever captain of the Australian cricket team. It doesn't make sense for "Dave Gregory" to hit this musician but not the cricket player or a dab page. So "Dave Gregory" should redirect to the dab page for "David Gregory" or maybe even to the cricket player. --Mkativerata (talk) 20:28, 31 December 2010 (UTC) Move The cricketer is clearly the most notable Dave Gregory. Wp:recentism not to. walk victor falktalk 04:29, 1 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Support moves as proposed by the nominator. The musician is not unarguably the primary topic and Dave is a common enough abbreviation for David to think it would be a common search term for any of the David Gregory articles. While I am a (somewhat embarrassed at present) Australian cricket fan, I don't support moving the cricketer to the plain name. The cricketer is historically significant for being the first Australian Test captain but overall he was not a hugely significant cricketer like his contemporaries Spofforth and Blackham. -- Mattinbgn (talk) 07:50, 7 January 2011 (UTC)

an AWB run now to avoid dablinks to Dave Gregory. --Mkativerata (talk) 00:12, 9 January 2011 (UTC)
 * ✅ Dave Gregory now redirects to David Gregory. --Mkativerata (talk) 19:57, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Dave Gregory (musician). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:35, 7 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dave Gregory (musician)


text:
Portal talk:Master of Business Administration

no contacts
why not there is a contact/ e-mail address for the international students who want to know about MBA/engineering studies in the University of Munich.

Nadia<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
I added an informational site that does a nice job explaining the MBA, it does not sell anything or push products. I think the books that are under "further readings" are someone who is collecting commissions on the sales. Is that okay to have?? Has anyone checked out the those books??

Master?
I realize that "MBA" is a desirable qualification, and is often used in connection to advancing in business, but is it really truthful (or even ethical) to call this a "Masters in Business Administration", when we will not be conferring a Masters qualification? Personally, I'd be happier if we simply provided materials on "business administration", or possibly even materials on how to do well in an MBA, but not actually use a qualification name in our materials, with the implication that this is what participants will get. Cormaggio 13:19, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

new pages
I started making new pages for each of the course topics. So far there is:
 * Basic Probability and Statistics
 * Financial Accounting
 * Managerial Accounting

Please continue creating such pages starting with Microeconomics. --JWSchmidt 18:22, 5 January 2007 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/lovehoney.com

Links

 * lovehoney.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 4 additions.


text:
Gudvanga Tunnel

The Gudvanga Tunnel (Gudvangatunnelen or Gudvangentunnelen) is located in the municipality of Aurland in Vestland county, Norway. The tunnel connects the village of Gudvangen, at the head of the Nærøyfjord, with the Undredalen valley and is part of European Route E16. At 11428 m in length, it is Norway's third longest road tunnel. It was opened on 17 December 1991.

Nearby tunnels
After passing through the Gudvanga Tunnel, drivers pass through a number of other tunnels. About 500 m east of the eastern exit from the Gudvanga Tunnel a new tunnel begins: the 5053 m long Flenja Tunnel which ends at Flåm. Approximately 1 km after that tunnel is the 1363 m Fretheim Tunnel. About 7 km further to the east (near Aurlandsvangen) is the entrance to the 24.5 km long Lærdal Tunnel, which is the world's longest road tunnel. This means that in a 51.5 km section of the E16, 43 km of that distance consists of tunnels.

Fires
In August 2013, a truck caught fire in the tunnel, resulting in 55 people being hospitalised. In August 2015, a tourist bus caught fire 500 m from the exit. In March 2019, a truck burned down about 1.5 km from the tunnel entry.

title: Gudvanga Tunnel


text:
Cookbook:Mincemeat Tart

| United Kingdom

Mincemeat is a spiced fruit preserve that does not in fact contain meat, although it may contain animal suet. The name is a throwback to Middle English from when "meat" was a word for all food, or to Victorian and earlier recipes that did combine minced lamb or beef with the spiced, preserved fruits.

Mincemeat Tarts are large (8 inch (20cm) diameter or more) open pastry tarts, sometimes with a lattice pastry top, and occasionally also containing baked or stewed apple. The smaller pastry topped tarts traditionally served at Christmas are known as Mince Pies.

Traditional British Mince Pies are made using shortcrust pastry.

Mincemeat
For 4½ pints (2.25 liters):
 * 1 lb (500 g) seeded raisins
 * 1 lb (500 g) currants
 * ½ lb (250 g) finely-ground beef suet
 * Rind of 2 lemons
 * ½ lb (250 g) candied orange peel
 * ½ lb (250 g) candied citron
 * 12 oz (375 g) white granulated sugar
 * 2 lbs (1 kg) green apples, peeled
 * ½ tsp (3 mL) nutmeg
 * ½ tsp (3 mL) cinnamon
 * ½ cup (120 mL) brandy or rum
 * 1 Tbsp (15 mL) salt

Assembly

 * Shortcrust pastry dough, homemade or store-bought
 * Milk
 * Egg (optional)

Mincemeat

 * 1) Wash and dry currants. Set aside.
 * 2) Put citron, orange peel, lemon rind, raisins, apples, and suet through a meat grinder using the coarse grinder blade.
 * 3) Mix in the currants, brandy, and spices.
 * 4) Store in a tightly-covered plastic container in the refrigerator (do not freeze) for up to 1 year.

Assembly

 * 1) Let the pastry warm slightly to almost room temperature. Place on a floured cutting board and roll it out as necessary.
 * 2) Use a doughnut cutter with the center removed or a 2½ inch round cookie cutter to cut out tart shells. Gently press into 1½-inch (4 cm) tart pans.
 * 3) Fill shells with mincemeat and top with a 1-inch (2.5 cm) round piece of pastry cut with the doughnut hole cutter. For added decoration, cut or press a design into the 1 inch pastry round before placing in the center of the filled tart.
 * 4) Lightly brush the pastry lids with milk, or a mixture of milk and beaten egg.
 * 5) Bake at 425 °F (220 °C) for approximately 20 minutes or until pastry is lightly browned at the edges.
 * 6) Allow to cool on a wire rack, and dust with icing sugar.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * If you don't want to make your own pastry, store-bought pie crust will work well.
 * Candied orange peel and citron can be found in most markets around Thanksgiving.
 * Suet is pure beef fat and can be obtained from a butcher (they will grind it on request.) Vegetarians can substitute a solid vegetable fat such as Pura vegetable suet.
 * People wanting a more alcoholic kick to their mince pie may also want to inject them with a little extra brandy.

title: Cookbook:Mincemeat Tart


text:
User:Ex0du5~enwikiversity

Hi!

My name is Jason Rooney

I am a Computer Engineering student at the University of Ottawa (in Canada). I will utilise this site for my own benifit as well as try to help develop sections relating primarily to Computer Engineering.

'''

Currently in 2nd year, 1st semester of Computer Engineering
'''

title: User:Ex0du5~enwikiversity


text:
Eshqabad, Mazul

Eshqabad (, also Romanized as ‘Eshqābād) is a village in Mazul Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 332, in 80 families.

title: Eshqabad, Mazul


text:
User:Trapmuzik2001/Books/The King VII

The King

 * Mountaineering
 * Mountain range
 * Andes
 * Alps
 * Swiss Alps
 * Western Alps
 * Eastern Alps
 * Great north faces of the Alps
 * Eiger
 * Grandes Jorasses
 * Matterhorn
 * Monte Rosa
 * Himalayas
 * Eight-thousander
 * Mount Everest
 * Kangchenjunga
 * Annapurna
 * Nanda Devi
 * Nanda Devi National Park
 * Nanga Parbat
 * K2
 * 1953 American Karakoram expedition
 * Pete Schoening
 * Karakoram
 * Mount Kilimanjaro

 * Global Governments
 * Don (honorific)
 * The Crown
 * Crown land
 * Central bank
 * Panic of 1907
 * National Monetary Commission
 * Federal Reserve Act
 * Federal Reserve System
 * United States Department of the Treasury
 * Government monopoly
 * Kosmos 954
 * Transport Canada

 * Places You'll Go
 * Cabo San Lucas
 * Philadelphia
 * Ancient lake
 * Lake Baikal
 * Lake Maracaibo
 * Catatumbo lightning
 * Madrid
 * Mesopotamia
 * The Empress (hotel)
 * Living Shangri-La
 * Fjord

 * War on Terror
 * Gulf War
 * Operation Red Dawn
 * Operation Northern Lights
 * Operation Passage to Freedom
 * Operation Deep Freeze
 * Sniper
 * Missile
 * Precision-guided munition
 * Scud

 * Touchdown
 * Bombardier Inc.
 * Bombardier Aerospace
 * Learjet
 * Gulfstream Aerospace
 * Gulfstream G650
 * Airbus
 * Airbus A380
 * Boeing Commercial Airplanes
 * Lockheed Corporation
 * Payload
 * Aviation
 * Aeronautics
 * Astronautics
 * Aerospace
 * Airspeed
 * Final approach (aeronautics)
 * Royal Jordanian
 * Emirates (airline)
 * Fuselage
 * Aircraft cabin

title: User:Trapmuzik2001/Books/The King VII


text:
Portal talk:Mathematical Analysis

=Real and Complex Analysis=

When I made the Pure Math division (part of the Math School), I added this subdivision/department, mostly as filler. I see people have taken interest in it. I've not spent much time learning about analysis.. I don't even know if i chose such a good name. Anyways, from what i see here, there is also a Calculus section. My original intent was for calculus related fields to go under Applied Math. But with the nature of this wiki's hierarchy, it is possible for Calculus to be a part of Pure Math and Applied Math. However, is it wise to consider Calculus part of Pure Math?

 * Typically, I've seen real analysis and complex analysis taught separately. As for the calculus, there's also, "Calculus for engineers", "Calculus for mathematicians", et cetera. I think we should just develop materials as we see fit, and if pedagogy starts diverging, it would be a simple matter to split into subpages and such. --HappyCamper 19:32, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I believe it is difficult to sepperate Math into distinct groups with no overlaps. Calculus forms an important building block for the field of Analysis. I propose that as part of Analysis it should be included with the study of Real Analysis. Therefore changing the heading of Real Analysis to Calculus and Real Analysis. Your thoughts? (David 14:06, 13 November 2006 (UTC))

Measure Theory started
I've just created an intro under the measure theory subject. I can occasionally try to build this project, but I'm pretty unfamiliar with how to edit higher-level Wiki stuff. So currently measure theory does not show up under the main mathematics portal for Wikiversity. If you follow the link to mathematical analysis you then have to follow a link through the mathematical analysis portal, and only then do you see measure theory. This seems like a lot of people will not find these links, so I would expect it's better to move resources so that they can be found on the main portal or at least through a natural sequences of clicks. --Addemf (discuss • contribs) 23:21, 4 July 2021 (UTC)

 * This portal receives one view a day, on average. The Mathematics portal receives 126 views a day, on average. I wouldn't put too much effort into this portal. Also note that only the seven major portals are listed on the home page and portals don't appear in searches. It's better to put your energy into regular main space pages if you want to help others learn about mathematical analysis (which doesn't even have a page yet). -- Dave Braunschweig (discuss • contribs) 20:45, 4 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Mathematical Analysis


text:
Argimiro España

Argimiro España (1906 – March 1995) was a Spanish painter. He was born in Fresno de la Fuente, Segovia and was known for his individualistic style. He made oil paintings on sackcloth.

title: Argimiro España


text:
Template:Main welcome

This page was created, but no useful content has been added. Everyone is invited to help add educational content to Wikiversity. If you need help learning how to add content, see the editing tutorial.

In many cases, this template can be used in place of Template:Delete. Assume Good Faith from new editors. If you find a page that has no useful content, but it could become a useful page, blank the page and add this template. This template is for use on blank pages, see: Welcome templates Note: when you use this template, if the page was created by a registered user, please include the username of the creator of the page as an argument of the template. If the page was created by someone editing from an IP address (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx), provide the IP address, e.g. : or

Pages that use this template are listed at Category:Empty pages.

Things you can do
Currently, category Category:Empty pages needs to be cleaned up. Pages that are not empty need to have alternative templates put on them to replace this template.

title: Template:Main welcome


text:
Talk:Creel Commission

Page Name
I propose that this article be moved from Creel Commission to Committee on Public Information. I think it should be listed under the committee's official name and make reference to its nickname, not the other way around. If there are no objections by the end of this month I'll move it, unless some one else wants to take the initiative and move it first. timrem 07:36, 20 March 2006 (UTC)    Done. timrem 01:43, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Creel Commission


text:
select agent

Noun

 * 1)  A pathogen or biological toxin which has been declared to have the potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety.

title: select agent


text:
Cadastre Bureau (Ottoman Empire)

The Cadastre Bureau (Ottoman Turkish: Defter-Khané, Turkish: Tahrir-i Emlak Nezareti, Bureau de Cadastre) was an Ottoman Empire agency. The bureau served as a registry of real estate, but did not classify any land themselves. George Young, author of Corps de droit ottoman, wrote that the common French translation was "Bureau de Cadastre", but he labeled it as the Ministry of the Cadastre (Ministère de Cadastre).

The agency appeared upon the end of the Crimean War.

title: Cadastre Bureau (Ottoman Empire)


text:
History of Islam

''This wikibook concerns about the history and development of thoughts, theology, and philosophy stemming from the Islamic faith throughout the centuries. For the political history of Islamic civilization, see History of Islamic Civilization.''

The history of Islam begins in the 7th century AD. (Muslims believe that God sent messages on different time period, through different messengers, from Adam to Muhammad)

Table of Contents

 * 1) /Early Islam/ (Prophet Muhammad up to two succeeding generations)
 * 2) Prophet Muhammad and the revelation (Quran)
 * 3) Recollection of the prophetic tradition (Hadith/Sunnah)
 * 4) First schism: Sunnis, Shiites, and Khawarijs
 * 5) The classical period (Umayyad and Abassid period)
 * 6) Influence of Greek and foreign philosophies
 * 7) Theology (Ilm al-Kalam), important theological questions, and school of thoughts: Khawarijs, Murjiites, Mutazilites, Asharites, Maturidites
 * 8) Islamic legalistic science (Ilm al-Fiqh), derivations of law, and major legal schools: Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hambali
 * 9) /The Mutazilites-Asharites debate/
 * 10) Basic tenets of Mutazilites teaching and its early endorsement by Abbasid Caliphs
 * 11) Reaction of the scholars and the development and basic tenets of the Asharites
 * 12) Ibn Rushd and Al-Ghazali
 * 13) Aftermath of debate and its influence outside the Islamic world
 * 14) The medieval and pre-modern period (Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, and European colonization periods)
 * 15) Taqlid and the decline of philosophy
 * 16) Separate development of Shiism during Safavid period
 * 17) The rise of puritanical schools of thought, historical backgrounds, and the early writers: Ibn Taimiya, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
 * 18) Developments outside the Middle East: India, Central Asia, Africa, and South East Asia
 * 19) Modern period
 * 20) Early modern writers: Jamal-ad-Din al-Afghani, Muhammad Abduh
 * 21) Islamic reform movements (e.g. Muhammadiyah in Indonesia, Tablighi Jamaat in India), nationalist movements, and pan-Arab ideology
 * 22) The Muslim Brotherhood (Ikhwan al-Muslimin) and related movements, the subsequent rise of revolutionary Islamic activism, and important activists: Hasan al-Banna, Sayyed Qutb
 * 23) Modern Islamic philosophies: Ali Shariati, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Ismail Al-Faruqi

title: History of Islam


text:
Talk:David Hemery

House share experience
Any sources for the statement 'in 1972 he shared a house in Richmond with a pair of homosexuals, Roger Oldfield and Alan Carr'? --OhNoPeedyPeebles (talk) 20:40, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

Copied article
I found that British Olympians.com has an article very similar to the Wikipedia article here. However, the original Wikipedia version from 2004 has some little differences to the first sentence that are not present in the Olympians profile, nor our current version here. I think this suggests that it is the Wikipedia entry that has been copied – the only way it could be the other way around was if User:Gh purposefully made tiny differences in the prose and then User:Deb subsequently changed the prose so it exactly fitted the British Olympian one, all by sheer coincidence (I think this is unlikely). Sillyfolkboy (talk) (edits) Join WikiProject Athletics!  17:06, 29 August 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Hemery


text:
The Mysterious Benedict Society and the Riddle of Ages

The Mysterious Benedict Society and the Riddle of Ages is a 2019 children's novel written by Trenton Lee Stewart and illustrated by Manu Montoya. It is the fourth book in the Mysterious Benedict Society series, following The Mysterious Benedict Society and the Prisoner's Dilemma (2009).

Plot
After the previous book's events, the Ten Men have escaped prison and are loose in the city of Stonetown. While the families of Sticky, Reynie, and Constance prepare to leave by ship for their own safety, the three sneak back ashore to await the villains' next move.

Reception
Kirkus Reviews called the book "Clever as ever—if slow off the mark—and positively laden with tics, quirks, and puns." The American Booksellers Association named The Mysterious Benedict Society and the Riddle of Ages one of their ABC Best Books for Young Readers in 2019.


text:
Talk:Hurricanes in the Bahama Archipelago

Cuba-Brownsville hurricane
, Seeing as we are the main editors, I have decided to ask you guys a question. I have decided to revise my editing (uncited and overall pretty bad). I was wondering if we should include the Cuba-Brownsville hurricane - I tried to look up if anything else happened, and it seems no damage or anything happened besides what is stated in the article- which is not much, besides 56 mph winds and a ship recording low pressure. I was just wondering, as it never struck the islands, and caused very minor, if any damage, as seen by nothing talking about it, if we should actually include it on our list. Stay safe, Cyclone   Toby  20:04, 17 April 2022 (UTC)
 * It struck Mayaguana as a Category 5 hurricane. ♫ Hurricanehink ( talk ) 18:25, 18 April 2022 (UTC)


text:
User:Jamil 143

Name:Jamil Ghanchi

Father's name: Jakir husen

Brother name:Samir Ghanchi

Born date : 10/02/2002

From: Radhanpur,Patan,Gujarat, India

Education from : Anjuman sarvjanik high school radhanpur

title: User:Jamil 143


text:
Talk:Physics with Calculus

Archives of this talk page:
 * Archive 1

Why orthodox order?
What's so great about the orthodox order?
 * Probably because it makes the textbook potentially most useful. Orthodox, by definition is the order that most instructors follow when they teach the subject—the textbook is likely to be useful to the most number of people possible, if it follows the orthodox order. There is something to be said for unorthodox-order textbooks (I, for one, am fond of Feynman's lecture series), but there has to be at least one textbook that goes in the orthodox order, so that the instructors who are considering the textbook are not forced to jump around the book. novakyu (talk) 23:27, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

Reorganization
I just re-organized the book. Currently, it's organized roughly as: For this particular outline, I am mainly motivated by the Physics 7A-C in my undergraduate institution, UC Berkeley. The bit about general relativity was because I was so frustrated myself 5 years ago, when the texts would hint at the importance of general relativity, without ever telling us why.
 * Divide it into three parts to follow three-semester introductory physics courses taught in U.S. schools
 * The first part should cover: preliminary materials, Newtonian mechanics and waves (but not E&M).
 * The second part should cover: thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism (up to electromagnetic waves, but not its implications on relativity)
 * the third part should cover: more on electromagnetic waves (perhaps as an intro to relativity), relativity (*some* materials on general relativity for advanced students), optics, and quantum mechanics.

Obviously, this is not the only way to divide out the material into clear three-semester chunks and I would appreciate any improvements on it, but in lack of a response from a past contributor (but most seem to have abandoned this book for a while), I will go ahead and start making changes. novakyu (talk) 07:12, 3 February 2008 (UTC)

Inconsistent notation?
I've looked over a few pages, and there are some serious inconsistencies with notations. I don't mind if this textbook's notations are not consistent with another textbook (like one that's more oriented towards abstract math), but it should at least be internally consistent. I'd suggest creating a "notations" page (it would also be convenient for students, like for looking up commonly used symbols) so that different editors could agree to a convention at one place and follow that convention elsewhere. Some inconsistency I've seen are: For vectors, A vs. $$\vec{A}$$ vs. $$\vec{\mathbf{A}}$$ vs. $$\overline{A}$$ (I myself am in favor of $$\vec{A}$$, but I think most textbooks do use A more to denote vectors ... even though students will invariably have to use $$\vec{A}$$). ... And that's it. Maybe $$\hat{i}$$ vs. $$\hat{x}$$, but I think students need to see both (I myself is in favor of the latter). novakyu (talk) 06:46, 24 December 2007 (UTC)

faster-than-light shadows?
On the Special Relativity page: "For example, if I had a projector very far away from a screen, and I wave my hand in front of it very quickly, the shadow will travel faster than light."

Is this true? At the instant I block the projector, there are still photons between my hand and the screen, and they'll travel at the speed of light toward the screen; there will be a slight delay before the shadow appears. Am I misreading this? Maybe it should be reworded.

DavePercy (talk) 01:45, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

You are right that it is poorly worded, but it is correct. Look at the wall, and let a bug walk across the projector. If the projector is very far from the wall, you will see the shadow of the bug moving faster than the speed of light. You just cannot transmit information faster than light with the shadow.

Too many menus
There seem to bee far too many divisions between chapters. This is all very well and good for sections like Newton's laws, but when you scroll further, you get one chapter per subhead. If nobody has an objection within a few months or so, I'll start rearranging these sections and consolidate a number of them. --Freiberg (talk) 12:29, 20 August 2010 (UTC)

Multiple efforts to create a book like this
There are too many parallel efforts on this book. I jumped into a parallel effort on Wikiversity before I found this book. I think others on Wikiversity have made similar efforts, and I am not sure what should be done. Also, a good way to achieve uniformity in notation and style is to copy equations from Wikipedia itself. The articles on Wikipedia have improved greatly in the past few years. --Guy vandegrift (discuss • contribs) 05:01, 20 November 2013 (UTC)

Multiple efforts to create a book like this
There are too many parallel efforts on this book. I jumped into a parallel effort on Wikiversity before I found this book. I think others on Wikiversity have made similar efforts, and I am not sure what should be done. Also, a good way to achieve uniformity in notation and style is to copy equations from Wikipedia itself. The articles on Wikipedia have improved greatly in the past few years. --Guy vandegrift (discuss • contribs) 05:01, 20 November 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Physics with Calculus


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