text:
Lay Down Your Burdens

"Lay Down Your Burdens" is the two-part second-season finale of the reimagined Battlestar Galactica television series. Part 1 aired originally on the Sci Fi Channel on March 3, 2006; Part 2 aired on March 10, 2006, as a 90-minute special.

The episode focuses on the discovery of a harsh but habitable planet and the election of Gaius Baltar as the new President of the Twelve Colonies of Kobol, running on a platform of settling the survivors of Twelve Colonies on the planet, naming it New Caprica.

Part 1
Captain Starbuck is green-lit to lead a group of 20 Raptors back to Caprica to rescue the human resistance led by Samuel Anders. The team utilizes a captured Cylon navigation device wired into the Cylon prisoner Sharon Agathon, to increase the Raptors' jump range allowing them to get back to Caprica in only ten jumps. On the first jump however, they lose track of a Raptor piloted by Racetrack, whose mis-jump causes her to arrive inside a nebula. Debating with her ECO whether or not to try to catch up with the others, they stumble across a planet hidden in the nebula that, although somewhat harsh, can support human life.

Vice President Gaius Baltar finds himself behind in the polls with two weeks remaining until the presidential election. Once Racetrack returns with data on the new planet, Tom Zarek realizes that it provides a crucial election issue: an opportunity for permanent colonization. He convinces Baltar to push the idea in his campaign, believing that people cooped up in the fleet for nine months will support it overwhelmingly. President Laura Roslin suspects that the Cylons may already know of the hidden world and that their stay should only be long enough to gather fresh water and to grow food supplies.

In Galactica's hangar, Chief Galen Tyrol is found after sleepwalking, restlessly asleep on the deck by Specialist Cally. He snaps and violently assaults her after she wakes him. He later seeks religious counseling from a priest named Brother Cavil. Tyrol explains his dreams of jumping off a hangar bay catwalk to his death. Cavil believes it is Tyrol's subconscious desire to kill himself manifested from a fear that he too could be a Cylon "sleeper agent" like Boomer. When Tyrol asks how Brother Cavil can be so certain he is actually human, Cavil sarcastically reassures him that he is not a Cylon "because I'm a Cylon and I've never seen you at any of the meetings" and that Tyrol should return to his duties without worry.

On Caprica, Starbuck's rescue team arrives and locates the survivors including their leader Sam Anders. Their resistance force has been reduced to no more than sixty. The survivors inform their rescuers that they are being pursued by Cylons and they come under immediate attack.

Part 2
After an 18-hour standoff on Caprica with the Cylons, Starbuck's rescue team finds that their enemy has completely withdrawn.

At the fleet, Cally is recovering from her beating by Chief Tyrol. Tyrol apologizes to Cally who forgives him and reveals that she has feelings for him. Roslin secretly meets with Baltar and asks that he table his idea for settling the planet he calls "New Caprica" until after the election. Baltar refuses, to Roslin's dismay. She then confronts him about seeing him on Caprica with the blonde Cylon woman, recalling her deathbed vision. Though visibly shaken by Laura's accusation, Baltar knows she has no proof and deflects her questioning.

When Starbuck's rescue team returns to Galactica, an alarmed Chief Tyrol notices a copy of Brother Cavil among the rescued Caprican survivors and alerts security. The man admits to being a Cylon and is taken to the brig along with Sharon Agathon, who knew Cavil was a Cylon agent and didn't warn them. Sharon later explains to Helo that she didn't warn them because she believes Adama killed her baby and that she no longer cares what happens to her.

Kara and Sam Anders get reacquainted in a bunk room. Commander Lee Adama (Apollo) enters to introduce himself to Anders, but a drunken Thrace barely acknowledges Adama's presence and makes crude remarks about his new relationship with Petty Officer Dualla.

Roslin meets with the Cylon man who is joined in the brig by his sarcastic twin, Brother Cavil. The Cylon man brings the message that two Cylon "heroes" have convinced the rest of the Cylons that the attack on the Colonies, along with the pursuit of the fleet, were errors. They state that the Cylons need to find their own unique path to enlightenment and have decided to offer humanity a "reprieve". Roslin and Adama are skeptical and Roslin orders they be vented into space.

On election day, Baltar has a 5,000 vote lead over Roslin until the final batch of votes from the Zephyr are counted. Roslin wins the election against all predictions. Lt. Gaeta, who was in charge of the ballot counting, spots a major irregularity with the Zephyr's ballot papers and reports the matter to Col. Tigh. The truth is that Tigh himself, in collusion with Dualla and Tory Foster (Roslin's campaign assistant), has rigged the election in favor of Roslin. Gaeta takes the matter directly to Admiral Adama.

Adama confronts Roslin who admits she knew that Foster was planning to rig the vote. She stresses that Baltar cannot become president because he is working for the Cylons, explaining to Adama what she saw back on Caprica. He is shocked at her claims and though he has no wish to see Baltar as president he insists the vote rigging was illegal and would eventually weigh heavily on her conscience.

Roslin reluctantly cedes the victory to Baltar. Adama explains to Baltar that the original vote count was a "tabulating error". Baltar knows this isn't true but decides to let the matter rest and orders Adama to take the fleet to New Caprica.

Baltar later meets with the Gina version of Number Six (who he previously saved, then supplied with a nuclear warhead) and tells her they can live together at the new settlement, but she says she isn't going. While Baltar is sworn in as president on Colonial One, Gina sets off the warhead. The detonation destroys Cloud Nine and several other ships caught within the blast radius. Despite the threat of a new Cylon attack, Baltar insists that plans to settle on New Caprica move forward.

The next scene opens 380 days later, when the people of the fleet have settled "New Caprica City". Above New Caprica, the remaining larger ships orbit with only skeleton crews. These include Galactica where Admiral Adama is now assisted by Helo, and Pegasus, where Commander Lee Adama is now assisted by Dualla. The battlestars are no longer being maintained in combat-ready condition.

President Baltar has turned Colonial One into a messy bachelor pad. Gaeta works diligently as his aide, though Baltar largely ignores him. Laura Roslin has returned to teaching and works inside a makeshift school assisted by Maya. Tyrol is now the leader of a disgruntled worker union denouncing the deplorable conditions the people face under President Baltar. At his side is a pregnant Cally.

Sam Anders, now married to Kara, is bedridden with pneumonia. Dr. Cottle has no more antibiotics left to give him, but Tigh tells Kara that Commander Adama has antibiotics stored away as a medical reserve on Pegasus for his pilots. Kara reluctantly calls Lee, but neither seems to wish to talk to the other. Before Lee can respond to Kara's request, a fleet of Cylon ships suddenly jumps in. Admiral Adama is reluctant to abandon those on New Caprica but Apollo, knowing that they are outmatched, convinces him to jump away, leaving New Caprica undefended.

Gaeta rushes to inform President Baltar that the Cylons have appeared and that the fleet has jumped away. The Cylons fly over New Caprica in force and proceed to occupy the human settlement. The Humanoid Cylon Leoben Conoy searches for Thrace but finds only the bedridden Anders.

President Baltar meets with the Cylons who insist they will not attack unless the humans resist. They explain that New Caprica was found by accident when they detected, from over a light-year away, the signature of the nuclear explosion which destroyed Cloud Nine. With no other option, Baltar surrenders to the Cylons on behalf of the people of New Caprica. Meanwhile, Thrace, Tigh, Roslin, Tyrol, Cally and others watch as Cylon Centurions march through the New Caprica settlement, and vow to resist.

Historical references
Chief Tyrol's speech at the Union Hall in Part II quotes directly from a speech given by activist Mario Savio at the University of California, Berkeley as part of the Free Speech Movement in 1964.

title: Lay Down Your Burdens


text:
Black-lored yellowthroat

The black-lored yellowthroat (Geothlypis auricularis) is a New World warbler. It has a number of separate resident breeding populations in South America from western Ecuador to western Peru. It was previously considered a subspecies of the masked yellowthroat.

The breeding habitat is marshes and other wet areas with dense low vegetation.

The black-lored yellowthroat is usually seen in pairs, and does not associate with other species. It is often skulking, but may pop up occasionally, especially to sing. It feeds on insects, including caterpillars, dragonflies, damselflies, grasshoppers and beetles, and spiders, which are usually captured in dense vegetation. The call is a fast chattering, quite unlike that of other yellowthroat species, and a more typical sharp chip.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Black-lored yellowthroat


text:
Salience network

The salience network (SN), also known anatomically as the midcingulo-insular network (M-CIN) or ventral attention network, is a large scale network of the human brain that is primarily composed of the anterior insula (AI) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). It is involved in detecting and filtering salient stimuli, as well as in recruiting relevant functional networks. Together with its interconnected brain networks, the SN contributes to a variety of complex functions, including communication, social behavior, and self-awareness through the integration of sensory, emotional, and cognitive information.

The network is detectable through independent component analysis of resting state fMRI images, as well as seed based functional connectivity analysis. The functional connectivity has been linked with structural connectivity through diffusion tensor imaging, which reveals white matter tracts between the AI and dACC.

Anatomy
The salience network is primarily anchored at the AI and dACC. The node in the AI corresponds with the dorsal-anterior division distinguished in meta-analyses of task-positive network related neuroimaging studies. The AI and dACC are linked via a white matter tract along the uncinate fasciculus. Other regions of the network may include the inferior parietal cortex, right temporoparietal junction, and lateral prefrontal cortex.

The subcortical nodes have yet to be structurally linked to the AI and dACC, however both seed-based and resting-state studies have observed intrinsic connectivity of the cortical nodes, with subcortical nodes consisting of the sublenticular extended amygdala, the putamen, the ventral striatum, the dorsomedial thalamus, hypothalamus, and the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area. The salience network is also distinguished by distinct cellular components, including von Economo neurons in the AI/dACC. Cortico-striatal-thalamic loop circuits contribute to the salience network.

Function

While the function of the salience network is not exactly known, it has been implicated in the detection and integration of emotional and sensory stimuli, as well as in modulating the switch between the internally directed cognition of the default mode network and the externally directed cognition of the central executive network. Evidence that the salience network mediates a switch between the DMN and CEN comes from Granger causality analysis and studies utilizing transcranial magnetic stimulation. The timing of electrophysiological responses during the oddball task is consistent with interaction, as after the initial mismatch negativity response is transmitted "bottom-up" from sensory regions, a "top-down" signal localized to the AI and dACC occurs before a widespread evoked potential that corresponds to attentional shifting. It has also been hypothesized that the AI receives multimodal sensory input and the ACC and the associated dorsomedial prefrontal cortex sends motor output.

Clinical significance
Dysfunction in the salience network have been observed in various psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, frontotemporal dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. The AI node of the salience network has been observed to be hyperactive in anxiety disorders, which is thought to reflect predictions of aversive bodily states leading to worrisome thoughts and anxious behaviors. In schizophrenia, both structural and functional abnormalities have been observed, thought to reflect excessive salience being ascribed to internally generated stimuli. In individuals with autism, the relative salience of social stimuli, such as face, eyes, and gaze, may be diminished, leading to poor social skills.

Nomenclature
The cingulo-opercular network (CO) has generally been equated with the salience network, but it may represent a distinct but adjacent network or a part of the SN. The CO may involve more dorsal areas, while the SN involves more ventral and rostral areas of the anterior insula and medial frontal cortex containing von Economo neurons. The CO is sometimes also referred to as the cingulo-insular network.

The ventral attention network (VAN), also known as the ventral frontoparietal network (VFN) or ventral attention system (VAS), has also been equated with the SN. The VAN is commonly defined as a right-hemisphere-dominant network involving the temporoparietal junction and the ventral frontal cortex that responds to unexpected salient stimuli. Some have defined it as a larger, bilateral network that is a combination of the SN and CO, while others have described it as a part of the salience network involving the more dorsal anterior insular cortex.

In 2019, Uddin et al. proposed that midcingulo-insular network (M-CIN) be used as a standard anatomical name for the network that includes the SN, CO, and VAN.

title: Salience network


text:
Talk:Daryl Bamonte

("Ultra" and "Depech")
Removed "Ultra" from list of Depeche documentaries he doesn't appear in since he is actually appearing twice in it (one time around 8:55 describing Alans departure and one 11:58 discussing the selection of producer) — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:39 & :40, 3 June 2012
 * That seemed pretty cryptic, so i wiki-searched
 * Depeche Mode Bamonte
 * and got 21 hits, which were equally uninformative -- to me; but YMMV. --Jerzy•t 08:02, 11 March 2018 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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Still sparse (and not necessarily reliable) information
Vital stats are per http://www.bizdb.co.uk/companies-search/ for "Bamonte Artist", a source whose reliability i won't try to evaluate. --Jerzy•t 07:14, 11 March 2018 (UTC)

My G-search for just "Musicians/Writers/Producers" produced our article as 7th out of "About 2,410 results", which suggests to me an exceedingly small operation which has him & our bio of him as his and their only clues of notability. --Jerzy•t 07:33, 11 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Mmm! My use of the word "their" was meant to refer to (1) DB and (2) the rest of Bamonte Artist Mgmt's staff of musicians, writers, & producers ... or do i mean the m'ns, w'rs, &p'rs that BAM manages? (Our article leaves me vague about what they mean, or originally hoped to mean.) --Jerzy•t 08:20, 11 March 2018 (UTC)

Europe in Synch
Bamonte is also an ambassador for the newly-formed Europe in Synch organisation Puffalump54 (talk) 19:35, 17 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Daryl Bamonte


text:
Farsiyeh

Farsiyeh may refer to:
 * Farsiyeh, Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province
 * Farsiyeh, Shushtar, Khuzestan Province
 * Farsiyeh 2, Khuzestan Province
 * Farsiyeh, Razavi Khorasan

title: Farsiyeh


text:
Kpledjoo Festival

The Kpledjoo Festival is an annual harvest festival celebrated by the chiefs and peoples of Tema in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. It is usually celebrated in late March or first week in April.

Celebration
It is celebrated to facilitate the recovery of the Sakumo Lagoon for high yield during harvest. There is a 5-month temporary ban on trapping of crabs and fishing from the lagoon before the festival.

Before the public are allowed access to the lagoon, the priest of the Sakumo lagoon performs some rituals on the banks.

During the grand-durbar, there is merry-making and hugs from the chiefs and the inhabitants.

title: Kpledjoo Festival


text:
Holy Alliance

Proper noun

 * 1)  A coalition of Russia, Austria and Prussia formed in 1815, ostensibly to regulate all national and international relations in accordance with the principles of Christian charity.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 神聖同盟
 * Czech: Svatá aliance
 * Finnish: Pyhä allianssi
 * Serbo-Croatian: Sveta Alijansa

title: Holy Alliance


text:
Wikiversity talk:Learning projects

The original source of the text that started the Learning projects page

Draft of a rewrite of this page

Organization
The Wikiversity:Learning Projects page should eventually become a page that discusses how Wikiversity learning projects are started and managed. Major Wikiversity efforts such as what is now called the "Learning materials project" should become a portal in the Wikiversity portal namespace (which needs to be created). Major portals such as the Learning materials portal will link to multiple learning projects (for example, there should probably be different projects for finding existing online learning materials and promoting the production of new learning materials at Wikiversity). Individual learning projects should exist within the main Wikiversity namespace. --JWSchmidt 00:54, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Could you provide some examples for portals we would have? -- sebmol ? 13:02, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I am a fan of portals (as they have evolved at Wikipedia) because I view them as a good way to provide wiki participants with a sense of being in a community with others who have similar interests. I think each traditional academic "school" will come to have the functional equivalent of a portal. Wikiversity is going to be an experimental exploration of how to use wiki technology to promote online learning. Some portals are going to be created outside of the school namespace; almost all of these future portals I cannot hope to imagine. I think it would be constructive to have portals for general topics such as "Wikipedia learning activities" and "Learning materials". These two are the two main components of the Wikiversity project proposal and they each should have a portal that explains these fundamental elements of Wikiversity. The third portal I would like to see is a portal for research that would be concerned with the role of research in Wikiversity. --JWSchmidt 16:16, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I saw the School: namespace basically as a place for users to create new pages that would bundle materials by subject matter. So there'd be a School:Engineering page that would have materials/learning projects/research related to "engineering". Since this is based on topic, there would be dozens of these, most likely, depending on the interest and activities of the community. They wouldn't necessarily be limited to what is customarily taught at schools, I just liked the term "school" as a place where learning occurs, material is collected and presented, research is being done, etc. It's a lot like what WikiProjects are on Wikipedia. -- sebmol ? 16:31, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Research vs. Teaching material
I think that it is confusing to have projects that produce courses and courses material and other projects that are resaerch based. Should we split these somehow?--Rayc 23:05, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Wikiversity:Learning projects v Portal:Learning Projects
I would like to propose merging these two pages. Having two pages that deal with the meta content of Learning projects is confusing. I'm unsure of what the fine distinction is between these pages and from the content on the pages so are a lot of other people. Also the titles are inconsistent on is title case with both words being capitalized and the other is sentence case with just Learning being capitalized. Mystictim 14:59, 8 September 2006 (UTC)
 * "inconsistent on is title case" <-- If it matters to you, you can change the name of one of the pages. --JWSchmidt 15:50, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

How to start a Learning project
How to start a Learning project is an attempt to write a general guideline for starting a Learning project. Srinivasasha 09:50, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

Guide to Learning projects
I think we can develop a Guide to Learning projects based on Guide to WikiProject in wikipedia. This could help clearer up things about Learning projects. Srinivasasha 06:09, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

Learning Project vs Textbook
I think there needs to be a clear definition laid out on this page about what is the difference between a textbook (belonging on wikibooks), and a learning project, and how the two can interconnect. --Jacob Walker 21:33, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

Re: Research and Experience
Are Learning Projects intended to serve as media for a single person to meet with others to learn about (primarily through secondary and perhaps eventually primary research), or for an experienced/established source in a given field to share his/her knowledge in a directed (textbook-like) atmosphere? Thanks --Sgutkind 06:00, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
 * It is great if an expert shows up and edits, but we cannot wait for that to happen. If you want to learn about something, just start editing. We can learn by editing and build Wikiversity content at the same time. --JWSchmidt 06:12, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Navigation
This page or similar pages should always have an active link to the portal of active learning projects in the top introduction for those newcomers who decide they wish to participate or look over existing learning projects and those people who are looking for the index of learning projects who arrive at this page mistakenly. <IP_ADDRESS> 21:14, 7 January 2008 (UTC)
 * The introductory paragraph of Learning projects has a link to Portal:Learning Projects . I see you added the link. The page used to look like this. The "Browse" link in the "navigation" box of the left side bar on every page is a short cut to the main directory of content. --JWSchmidt 21:39, 7 January 2008 (UTC)

More clearly differentating between learning projects and learning materials
In some areas of Wikiversity under sections labeled as containing learning projects, there seem to be many items which seem to be intended to be used as learning materials. Perhaps a clearer differentiation would be useful. That is just a thought. Emesee 20:27, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity talk:Learning projects


text:
User:Arunecbsharma/sandbox

Arun Sharma (born 05 July 1990) is an Indian citizen. Born at Bundi (Rajasthan) in an average middle class family.

title: User:Arunecbsharma/sandbox


text:
User:Postjm/sandbox

I'm testing Wikipedia formatting using the Pittsburgh Center for the Arts page formatting to create a similar page for the Riverside Arts Center.

The Riverside Arts Center (RAC) is a non-profit community arts center that offers arts education programs, performing arts programs, and contemporary art exhibitions in Ypsilanti, Michigan, United States.

History
https://web.archive.org/web/20160316115651/http://impressions.washtenawhistory.org/impressions_200403o.pdf

The Riverside Arts Center is part of the Ypsilanti Historic District. The main building is located in the former Masonic Temple, constructed in 1909-1910, and the Off Center building, formerly the Detroit Edison Building, constructed in 1915. In 2009, the alley between the buildings was remodeled to include an elevator and stairway.

Notable Exhibitions

 * Ypsi Now: A Celebration of Ypsilanti's Current Creative Culture  January 5, 2018 - January 27, 2018
 * Go Figure 20!: Celebrating 20 Years of Open Figure Drawing Sesions at EMU  October 6, 2017 - October 28, 2017
 * Rasa Festival  August 18, 2017 - September 30, 2017

title: User:Postjm/sandbox


text:
Nita Englund

Nita Englund (born 10 June 1992 in Iron Mountain) is an American ski jumper.

She is a member of the United States Ski Team, and participated at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

Life
Englund grew up in Florence, Wisconsin. She graduated from Academy of Art University.

In 2014, she placed third at the FIS Cup in Frenštát pod Radhoštěm.

title: Nita Englund


text:
Wikiversity:Be bold

Wikis only work if people are bold. Go ahead—change something here, edit something there, correct a mistake, add a new perspective, improve the language, or whatever you like, as long as it is in the spirit of improving the wiki. That's what wikis are all about. It's what you are expected to do. Even if it is not the best it can be, it is still good to put something down because chances are other people will come along and help to improve it. Over time, things improve. Surprisingly, it is something that actually works as long as civility is maintained.

You'll quickly notice the "natural" and understandable impulse of authors to "own" and protect their writing; this is counterproductive when it comes to wikis. It is a good idea to get rid of that tendency by being open to other people's edits. That's the only way a page will improve over time. Think about it: you might not know every perspective and every angle of a subject. Regardless of how thoughtfully you work, an additional set of eyes will always find something to improve. So, be bold not just when editing other pages, but accept other's edits on your "own" work as well.

Be bold does not mean be radical: substantial changes should be verifiable. Significant changes in the structure of a page or working of an internal procedure should be discussed on the appropriate talk pages.

Remember fortuna favet fortibus (Fortune favours the bold).

Good luck and be bold! You can do it!

title: Wikiversity:Be bold


text:
Puzzles/Arithmetical puzzles/Digits of the Square

Puzzles | Arithmetical puzzles | Digits of the square

There is one four-digit whole number n, such that the last four digits of n² are in fact the original number n. What is it?

solution


text:
Anthony Odunsi

Anthony Abayomi Odunsi (born July 17, 1992) is an American-born Nigerian professional basketball player who last played for the Manawatu Jets of the National Basketball League (NBL).

High school and college career
Born in Houston, Texas, Odunsi attended Travis High School in Fort Bend County, Texas, before playing his freshman season of college basketball at Utah in 2011–12. His sophomore season was spent at Tyler Junior College before his junior season at Albany was reduced to just five games due to injury, as he was received a redshirt as well as a waiver from the NCAA, allowing him to compete for Houston Baptist in 2014–15 and 2015–16.

Professional career
Coming out of college, Odunsi was drafted by the Canton Charge of the NBA G League, only to be waived by the team prior to the start of the 2016–17 season. In January 2017, he moved to Iceland to play for Stjarnan. In November 2017, he had a two-game stint in France with Caen Basket Calvados. In February 2018, he signed to play in Australia with the Sandringham Sabres. In March 2019, he signed to play in New Zealand with the Manawatu Jets. He appeared in two games before being released on 24 April.

National team career
Odunsi has represented the Nigerian national team, making his debut at AfroBasket 2017.

title: Anthony Odunsi


text:
List of Australian Paralympic cycling medalists

Cycling has been contested at the Summer Paralympic Games since 1984. Australia first competed at the Seoul Games and won its first cycling medals at the Atlanta Games. Cycling is Australia's third most successful Paralympic medal sport behind athletics and swimming.

Leading medalists
As of the 2012 Games.

1996
Australia won 5 gold and 5 silver medals.

2000
Australia won 10 gold, 3 silver and 8 bronze medals.

2004
Australia won 10 gold, 7 silver and 7 bronze medals.

2008
Australia won 3 gold, 5 silver and 7 bronze medals.

2012
Australia won 6 gold, 4 silver and 4 bronze medals.


text:
User:JWSchmidt/Learning Community

A learning community is a group of people all connected by a common educational or developmental goal. It is an idea which is used in various educational settings as a way to increase motivation and ultimately to empower the learner in constructing their own meanings and methods in addressing the particular problem or issue they are currently working on. Attributes of a learning community typically include being collaborative, decentralised and distributed, much as, and for the same reasons that Communities of Practice (CoPs) are also applied, both in educational and business settings.

Wikipedia
Wikipedia (along with all other Wikimedia projects) are potentially such learning communities. To illustrate: pick a page on Wikipedia, any page. Look at its history page - make sure it has been written by a number of contributors (some articles are still predominantly the work of a single individual!). Now take a look at its talk page. What do you find? Usually a mix of questions, points, criticisms; in other words, suggestions to improve the article from their perspective.

Here we have a group of people engaged in negotiating the meaning and scope of the article. Let's pick this sentence apart:
 * "a group of people": These people may not consider themselves a community, let alone a group, yet they are nevertheless here for a reason - the shared goal of improving the article
 * "engaged in": In the process of writing/improving the article, they are developing a praxis - a way of working. They develop ways of asking questions, of talking to each other, and of addressing their goal with respect to their own needs and those of the article itself
 * "negotiating the meaning and scope of the article": This is obviously what takes the most time, especially in contentious articles. "I find this picture offensive and think it should be removed immediately." "Shouldn't this article be merged with/redirected to ..?" "Are these people terrorists or freedom fighters?"

Obviously, what people are interested in in Wikipedia is creating a satisfactory (if not excellent) end-product; what a learning community is about, however, is the process. But the two are inseparable; the product is created by the process - it is a collaborative encylopedia. Therefore, the work of Wikipedia(ns) is negotiating the process as much as creating the product (if not more so). What is crucial here is to remain self-critically aware of our discourse, which is how Wikipedia works but also how it breaks down in occasional circumstances.

Applications
A common technique in traditional class settings is for a teacher/facilitator to assign people into groups, where the learners are given an activity and carry it out between them within a specified time, like for example to have a discussion, do some research and write a report on their findings. Many e-learning environments replicate this sort of activity and framework, utilising environments like WebCT or Moodle to manage and facilitate the students' interactions. Wikis are inherently collaborative structures that can be used to these ends, albeit in a slightly altered form. Wikimedia's e-learning resource-in-development/waiting, Wikiversity could easily work along these lines.

But..
It is all too easy to simply say every group working together is a learning community. It is more correct that it can be a learning community, depending on how the task is defined and negotiated by the learners themselves. Returning to the idea of being collaborative, decentralised and distributed; we must also add that people in a proper, functioning learning community themselves really feel that they are a part of that community and that they actually participate. We know that in some groups, some people will take over and some people will feel excluded. This is not to say that all work in a learning community has to be shared equally (some learning communities will develop hierarchical elements); but rather to ensure that each individual feels they can add anything at any time and that each individual's needs have to be recognised in order for it to be a functioning learning community.

title: User:JWSchmidt/Learning Community


text:
Holger Erbén

Isak Holger Erbén (15 October 1915 – 19 August 1975) was a Swedish sports shooter. He competed in the 300 m rifle, three positions, at the 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics and placed eighth and seventh, respectively.

title: Holger Erbén


text:
Deh-e Hoseyni

Deh-e Hoseyni (, also Romanized as Deh-e Ḩoseynī) is a village in Ghazali Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 663, in 134 families.

title: Deh-e Hoseyni


text:
The Service Star

The Service Star (aka The Flag of Mothers) is an American silent film directed by Charles Miller. The film stars Madge Kennedy as a young woman who pretends to be the fiancée of a famous flying ace during World War I. The film was copyrighted under the title The Flag of Mothers and was released in July 1918, four months before the end of the conflict.

Plot
Marilyn March (Madge Kennedy), a plain young girl from the country, lonely and unhappy because she alone of all the girls in her town does not have a soldier sweetheart, When she moves to Washington, D.C. at the outbreak of World War I, she begins to pretend to be the fiancée of John Whitney Marshall (Clarence Oliver), a famous combat aviator, and places a service star in her window.

When Mrs. Marshall (Maude Turner Gordon) the flyer's mother, learns of the "engagement," she accepts the girl as her future daughter-in-law, just in time for complications to arise in the form of the truth. John is also harboring a secret; he is a chemist and is still in the United States working on a chemical weapon for the government. The combat flyer who is in France is an imposter he sent. Marilyn is torn over her affection for John and revealing to the Selective Service board that he is a fraud. Events transpire that turn John into a legitimate hero that Marilyn can accept as her true love.

Cast

 * Madge Kennedy as Marily March
 * Clarence Oliver as John Whitney Marshall
 * Maude Turner Gordon as Mrs. Marshall
 * Mabel Ballin as Gwendolyn Plummer
 * Victory Bateman as Aunt Judith
 * Tammany Young as Blinky
 * William Bechtel as Finkelstein
 * Jules Cowles as Jefferson
 * Zula Ellsworth as Martha
 * John A. Hemmingway as Civil War Veteran
 * Phineas Billings as Civil War Veteran
 * Isaac Wentworth as Civil War Veteran
 * David Schuyler as Civil War Veteran

Production
According to publicity for The Service Star, some scenes were shot in Washington, D.C., as well as in various towns in northern New Jersey, and on Long Island, New York. While on location in Long Island, a parade of American Civil War veterans who gave a tribute to drafted boys leaving for boot camp was incorporated into the film.

Reception
Like many American films of the time, The Service Star was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. For example, in Reel 5, the Chicago Board of Censors cut the shooting of the chemist.

The Service Star is a lost film. During its original release, it was paired with a short Harold Lloyd comedy in some theaters.

title: The Service Star


text:
Rudnik, Altai Krai

Rudnik (Рудник) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Proletarsky Selsoviet, Altaysky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 75 as of 2013. There are 2 streets.

Geography
Rudnik is located 17 km south of Altayskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sarasa is the nearest rural locality.

title: Rudnik, Altai Krai


text:
Introduction to graph theory

Introduction to Graph Theory
An introductory course from the School of Mathematics

This course aims to provide a thorough introduction to the subject of graph theory.

Course requirements
The following knowledge is required or desirable on commencement of study of this course:

 * knowledge of basic methods of proof
 * knowledge of basic probability

Course outline
This is an approximate depiction of the course:

 * Definitions
 * Bipartite Graphs
 * Hamilton Cycles and Eulerian Circuits
 * Planar Graphs
 * Statement of Kuratowski's Theorem
 * Matchings in Bipartite Graphs
 * Hall's Theorem
 * Connectivity
 * Menger's Theorem
 * Extremal Graph Theory
 * Hamilton and other cycles
 * Turan's Theorem
 * Ramsey's Theorem
 * Graph Colourings
 * Chromatic Polynomial
 * Vizing's Theorem
 * Four-Colour and Five-Colour Theorems
 * Extensions to other surfaces
 * Eigenvalues
 * Applications to Strongly Regular Graphs
 * The Probabilistic Method
 * Lower bounds for Ramsey numbers
 * Graphs with large girth and chromatic number

Lecture series

 * /Lecture 1/ Introduction and Definitions
 * /Lecture 2/ Bipartite Graphs and Trees
 * /Lecture 3/ Hamilton Cycles and Eulerian Circuits
 * /Lecture 4/ Graph Traversal
 * /Lecture 5/ Flows and Cuts
 * /Lecture 6/ Planar Graphs

List of Definitions

Assignments

 * /Problems 1/ (on Lectures 1-5)
 * /Problems 2/ (on Lectures 6-10)

title: Introduction to graph theory


text:
Talk:New Deal Independent School District

External links modified (February 2018)
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text:
Patricia Clark

Patricia Clark is an American poet and professor.

Life
Patricia Clark was raised in Tacoma, Washington. She earned degrees in Creative Writing (M.F.A. Creative Writing, University of Montana) and English (PhD English, University of Houston). Her B.A. is economics (B.A. Economics, University of Washington).

Clark is poet-in-residence and professor in the Department of Writing at Grand Valley State University in Michigan. She is the author of six books of poetry.

The Poet Laureate of Grand Rapids, Michigan from 2005 to 2007, Clark was invited with two other poets to open the Library of Congress's noon reading series in Washington, D.C. in fall 2005.

Clark previously did residencies at the Virginia Center for the Creative Arts, the MacDowell Colony, and the Tyrone Guthrie Centre in Ireland.

Her work has appeared in The Atlantic, Slate, Poetry, North American Review, Barrow Street (magazine) and Lake Effect (journal).

Sunday Rising received a positive review in Colorado Review.

Books

 * Self-Portrait with a Million Dollars, poetry (Terrapin Books, 2020)
 * The Canopy, poetry (Terrapin Books, 2017)
 * Sunday Rising, poetry (Michigan State University Press, 2013)
 * She Walks into the Sea, poetry (Michigan State University Press, 2009)
 * My Father on a Bicycle, poetry (Michigan State University Press, 2005)
 * North of Wondering, poetry (Michigan State University Press, 2003)

Chapbooks

 * Deadlifts (Michigan State Press, January 2018) ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER> and ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>639
 * Wreath for the Red Admiral(Lulu.com, June 2016) ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER> and ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>640

title: Patricia Clark


text:
Web Design/JavaScript Challenges

Are you ready for the Javascript challenges? These challenges aim to build your Javascript skills with practical activities that can be immediately useful for your own websites!

Please make sure you are familiar with the window and document objects in Javascript before taking on these challenges (see the activities Getting to know Javascript events and Getting to know the Document Object Model with Javascript.)

Challenge 1: Peekaboo Elements
Paste the following code into a new HTML document and view it in your browser.

The aim of this challenge is to only display the email paragraph when the checkbox is checked, but we'll break that down into smaller tasks!

Step 1: Hiding the email fields by default

Add some plain old CSS style so that the "emailpara" paragraph isn't displayed when the page first loads (using the CSS 'display' property). Test to make sure this works.

Step 2: Adding a function template

Create a new function called  that simply displays an alert, ie.

Add an  event so that when the checkbox is clicked your function is called and test that it works!

Step 3: Display the email fields

Now we'll replace that  code so that our function actually does something useful! Using JavaScript, we can change the style of any element on our page using the style object. Every element has a style object and we can access it like this:

In plain English, the above JavaScript statement says:
 * 1) Get the element on my document that has the id of "subscribepara",
 * 2) Grab its style object,
 * 3) and set the backgroundColor of this style to "blue".

Try copy-n-pasting the above code into your function and see what it does! Notice that the style property names are slightly different to those that we use in CSS (backgroundColor vs. background-color). W3Schools has a great reference for the HTML DOM Style object that outlines all the property names and values.

Now modify your function so that it unhides your "emailpara" paragraph when it runs. To do this, set the  property to "inline".

Step 4: Making the email field toggle

When you test your form at the moment, you'll notice that you can click on the checkbox and the email field displays, but when you un-check the checkbox the extra paragraph doesn't hide itself again!

Our challenge is to add an if-else statement to our  function that checks to see if the checkbox is currently checked. If it is, we want to display our "emailpara" paragraph, otherwise we want to hide it.

To do this, we need to know if the checkbox is currently checked... luckily for us, W3Schools's HTML DOM Checkbox reference tells us that a checkbox element has a property called  that is either true or false (ie. we can use,   to find out the value of a checkbox, either true or false).

Step 5: When Javascript is disabled

At the moment if a user views the page with CSS enabled but Javascript disabled they will never see the email field. Add another CSS code to show the email field inside an element that fires when Javascript is disabled.

You may want to take a look at your earlier if-else statements from your input validation to see how you might complete this challenge! When you get it working, yell out "JavaScript is way cool" and stand up and point to yourself (and take a break!)

Challenge 2: 'Same as above' Postal Address boxes
Add the following fieldset to a form of your own (the one from Challenge 1 is fine) and preview it in your browser:

The aim of this challenge is to automatically copy the postal address to the home address field if a user checks the "Same as above" checkbox. In addition to this, we'll disable the home address field when the checkbox is checked.

Step 1: Adding a function template

Add a JavaScript function to your page called  that simply displays an alert, ie.

Add an event so that when the checkbox is clicked your function is called and test that it works!

Step 2: Getting the Postal Address

Before we can copy the address over, we need to know how to read it using JavaScript. In Challenge 1 we used the  property to test whether a checkbox was checked; it contained either a true or false. If we're typing text into a  then   isn't going to help much.

Instead, we'll use the  property of the. It contains the text typed into a form field. In your  function, write a line of code to display the Postal Address textarea's value in an alert box. W3Schools Textarea value page has a useful example close to what you'll write.

Step 3: Setting the value for the Home Address

Now that we know how to find the value of any element in our document, the trick is to set our home address element's value equal to the postal address element's value. To set the home address we could do something like:

Test and see if it works! You should find that when you click on your checkbox, the home address is set to the text "Hi there".

Now see if you can modify the above line so that instead of placing "Hi there" in the box, it inserts the postal address.

Step 4: Disabling the Home Address field

Use the W3Schools page about the HTML DOM TextArea object and see if you can find a property that will allow us to disable our field.

Try setting this property for your home address element in your  function. Make sure you test it out!

Step 5: Toggling the Home Address

Now when you test your form, you'll notice that when you un-check your checkbox, the home address field isn't enabled.

Have a go at adding an if-else statement to your  function so that when the checkbox is un-checked the home address field is re-enabled. (You may want to review your solution to Challenge 1!)

Challenge 3: Radio Buttons
As you saw in Challenge 2, some form fields work differently than others when we're getting information about their contents. uses,   and   use.

Luckily for us there's not many other variants to learn, and we can use very similar code to check whether a user has left a field empty, eg.

First Name is a text input, so we're testing. But how do we do this for radio buttons? They don't take a value that our user types in... a radio button is either checked or not checked! Sound familiar?

Paste the following form into a file of your own (Challenge 2's is fine) and view it in a browser:

Step 1: Setting up your input validation

First, create a blank checkForm function for your form and make sure that your function is being called when the form is submitted (using a simple window.alert). Hopefully we're starting to see why we always do this! W3Schools' Events page will help with using the submit event.

Step 2: Finding out if a radio button has been checked

Once you're convinced that your checkForm function is being called, fill out your checkForm function so that it looks like this:

Note that this function is not complete. We need to find out what the radio button's property is that will tell us whether the radio button has been checked or not. Take a look at W3Schools' HTML DOM Radio Object and see if you can find out what that property is. When you find it, replace the [what property should go here?] in the code above accordingly!

Test out your code and see if it does what you expect.

Step 3: Getting it to work properly!

You might have noticed that our code is not really doing what we want, even though it's doing exactly what we've asked it to! It currently forces the user to select the strawberry option.

We need to modify our code so that it alerts the user only if the strawberry option is false and the blueberry option is false (ie. neither radio button has been checked). Looking at the logical operators on W3Schools' Javascript Comparison and Logical Operators page, see if you can find out how to make sure that both radio buttons are un-checked before alerting the user.

Step 4: Halting progress

You might have noticed that our program tries to send an email regardless of whether we've filled the form in correctly. Not exactly ideal!

Since this is our first Challenge using the  event, you may not have seen   before. Take a look at the two  statements in the code above. See how  is used when we have an error, and   at the end if everything's ok?

JavaScript's  statement lets you immediately drop out of a program if there's no reason to continue. In our case, when we find that the user hasn't selected an option we want to cancel submitting the incomplete form. will tell JavaScript to cancel submitting, but there's one little chunk of code missing.

Take a read through JavaScript Kit's Accessing and Validating Forms page to find what you're missing to complete this puzzle.

Challenge 4: Better input validation
So far our form input validation has consisted of some annoying  boxes when users enter in the wrong information, but surely there's a more user-friendly way?!

This challenge will help you create in-line error messages that only appear when they need to! Paste the following form into a page:

Step 1: Some plain old styling

First, just some plain old CSS! Add some style so that the error messages use red text, and make them dramatic! Note how the error messages have been given a.

Once they look the way you want them, use CSS to hide them by default.

Step 2: Setting up your checkForm function

Just a blank function that simply displays a window.alert so that you know it's connected ok! You'll need to add an event so that your function is called when you press the Submit button.

Step 3: Displaying your error messages

This step will be similar to the Peekaboo challenge above (Challenge 1). When the form is submitted, our  function is called. If the "fullname" field is empty, then we want to display the "nameerrormsg" paragraph.

After you've got that working, add a similar check for the street address.

Step 4: Changing our program's logic

You might notice at the moment two issues that are not ideal:
 * 1) When you submit the form with blank fields, only the first input's error message appears.
 * 2) When you add text to one field and re-submit, the error message doesn't go away!

To fix this, you'll need to change the logic of your function... this can be tricky (so ask for help!), but here's some hints:
 * Are you using  straight after showing the first error message? This means your program will never run the second check if the first one gives an error.
 * You'll need a variable, such as "is_valid" that will be set to  or   depending on the outcome of your checks. You'll then return this variable at the end of your function, rather than returning true or false as soon as you find an error.
 * You're showing the message if there's an error, but you'll also need to hide the error message if everything's ok!

Challenge 5: Making sure a number is entered
So far we've worked out how to check whether a field is empty or not. Now we want to take this one step further and verify that whatever was entered is actually a number. Imagine you've got a Quantity field where the visitor specifies how many of a certain product they want to buy. You don't want them to enter 'a' or 'Hi there'.

Step 1: Updating your form

Add an input field to your form that has the name "quantity" and modify your checkForm function so that the value can't be empty.

Step 2: Checking for a number

Javascript has a special function called, short for "is Not a Number", that can be used to test whether a value can be understood as a number. For example, isNaN(1.5) will return false (as it *is* a number), whereas isNaN("hi there") will return true (as it is not a number).

Take a few minutes to experiment with the W3Schools demo of isNaN until you are comfortable that you understand what it does.

In your  function, right after you've made sure that the quantity field isn't empty, add another if-statement as follows:

Step 3: Adding a postcode field

Now add a another field to your form named 'postcode'. Update your  function so that:
 * 1) the postcode cannot be left blank.
 * 2) the postcode field must contain numbers only (see step 2 above).

Step 4: Checking the length of the postcode field

Everything in JavaScript that can have a length has a special  property. This can be used to tell us how many characters a user has typed into a field. For example, the following JavaScript code gets the "fullname" input element from the document and then displays an alert message telling the user how many characters were entered into it:

Take a few minutes to see how the length property is used in this W3Schools Example.

 * Modify the W3Schools example so that the field can have up to 8 characters.

 * Now modify your checkForm function so that the postcode field can only contain 4 characters.

Time for a re-cap
So far, you've managed to:
 * 1) Test whether a checkbox or radio button is checked;
 * 2) Test whether a text field is empty;
 * 3) Test whether entered text is a number using the   function;
 * 4) Test the length of the entered text in a field (ie, how many characters have been entered) using the length property;
 * 5) Improve your input validation so that it displays error messages within the page (rather than the rather ugly   message box) by hiding and showing your own error messages with the style object.

Not bad! If you feel that you need more practice with the above, try adding some of those features to another existing form (such as the one created in the HTML Challenges). This can help you catch areas that you've struggled with and build your confidence with the syntax of JavaScript.

If you use Firefox and haven't yet tried Firebug, take some time out to play with it's awesomely helpful JavaScript debugger.

Challenge 6: Getting started with email validation
Checking to see if a postcode is valid required us to check that:
 * 1) the entered postcode was a number
 * 2) the entered postcode had exactly 4 digits (depending on your country!)

What can we check to make sure that an entered email address is actually a valid email address? Take a piece of paper and see if you can come up with two or three things that email addresses always need to contain to be valid.

Step 1: Adding an email field

Add a new input to your form named 'email' (make sure to set 'name' and 'id' attributes). Q:What type of form field is best for email addresses?

A: Perhaps might work? You know, the form field input designed specifically for this use case, that does everything below automatically and more reliably?

Step 2: Making sure that the '@' symbol is present

Every email address contains one, and only one, "at" symbol (@). The email address entered into your form is just a bunch of characters strung together inside quotes, such as "Hi there". All programming languages refer to this bunch of characters as a String.

The great thing about Javascript is that every string has a whole bunch of built-in properties and methods that we can use. In fact, we've already used the  property back in Challenge 5 to work out how many characters our postcode contained.

Take a few minutes to read through the Quirksmode Strings overview. As you read through it, test some examples from the W3School JS String page.

One of the methods that you should have seen there is the indexOf method. We can use it to find out where the "@" symbol appears in our email address, if at all! Note that the  method returns a number corresponding to the index or position of the text you are looking for. If the text isn't in the string,  will return -1. For example:

If you want to test the above, try the example of indexOf at W3Schools.

Add the following code to your  function, then have a go at modifying it to get it to work.

Step 2: Ensuring there's something before the @

Now we're sure that there's an @ inside the email, but there's an outstanding problem: what if the user doesn't put anything before the @?

Write an extra if-else statement into  that ensures that the @ doesn't come right at the beginning of the string. Remember,  will give you the position starting from 0.

Step 3: Ensuring there's a full stop (.) after the @

Another required part of an email address is the server name (the bolded part in<EMAIL_ADDRESS>which always comes after the @. To ensure the user enters a server name, we can check whether a full stop is part of the email.

An additional complication is that some email addresses include a dot as part of the user name (the bolded part in james.smith@somewhere.com). We can't use  to search for the full stop because it'll pick up the first one instead of the second.

JavaScript gives us an easy way around that with, which works just like   except that it finds the last occurrence instead of the first.

Write an extra if-else statement into  that ensures that the last full stop in the email address comes after the @. You might like to create variables to hold the two positions to make the if-else statement easier to read.

Step 4: Ensuring there's at least two characters after the dot

With our current validation checks a user can't enter something silly like<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or "some.one@" as their email address, but they could get away with<EMAIL_ADDRESS>What's missing at the end?

We used  to get the position of the last full stop. How can you tell if there's more characters after it? What other property will you need to compare?

Write some extra code into  that ensures there's at least two characters after the last full stop.

Advanced: doing it all with a Regular Expression (regex)

As you can see, writing validation code can get very long and messy, even for something that appears simple like an email address. For validating complicated fields that need to be exactly right, a technique called Regular Expressions can be much shorter and faster to write.

If you've ever typed "*.*" to find all files in DOS, or selected "*.doc" in the File Type box in Windows, you've already used a simplified Regular Expression. They're a way to match words based on a pattern; in the case of "*.doc" we're looking for any word, followed by a full stop, followed by "doc".

Regular Expressions (Regex) are found in almost all programming languages, and what you learn in JavaScript will work in other programming languages such as PHP and Perl with only minor adjustments.

Aivosto's introduction to Regular Expressions is a good read to get acquainted with the basics of Regex, and also includes an email validation example. When you're ready to try them in JavaScript, check out the Dev Articles Regex in JavaScript guide. Page 5 onwards demonstrates how to use them in JS with examples, whereas pages 1 to 4 are an overview of Regex features.

Challenge 7: Unobtrusive Javascript
So far we've been mixing our JavaScript throughout our HTML... and this is the way Javascript has been done for years because it's a bit simpler (just as using  tags in HTML is a little simpler than using CSS!) But it's not the best way!

Just like we separate our HTML content and our CSS presentation of our web page, it's also worthwhile separating our Javascript behaviour. Why? You can find out more in the Digital Web Magazine article Separating Behaviour and Structure, but if you think about how separating our CSS means that we can re-use the same stylesheet very easily, it's the same with Javascript! By separating our Javascript from the actual page, we can apply the same Javascript code to lots of pages (usually) without having to modify the page itself.

Here's how it works: Normally we connect our Javascript code (like our  function) to a specific HTML element with an attribute like  :

And it does the job. Now what we want to do is remove that  chunk completely. Do it! Delete it from your own page!

How then are we going to link our form to our  function? Well, we can actually set events for our HTML elements using Javascript itself like this:

This piece of Javascript code will replace the  that we've included in our HTML up until this point! We've probably got two questions now:
 * 1) Why does our   function here not have the brackets after it?
 * 2) Where do I put this code?

The easiest answer to the first question is just "it doesn't" - it's an exception where you'll see a function without the after it! (still curious? When you omit the brackets you're passing a pointer to the function, rather than calling the function). As for the second question, let's try putting it inside our script at the start of our document as follows:

Reload your page and see what happens. In your browser's error console, you should see an error message along the lines of not being able to find an element with the  - even though you may definitely have one! (If not, add the id to your form now!)

The problem now is that our Javascript is in the head of our HTML document and is run before the rest of the document has even been read by the browser! So, we need a way to make sure our new bit of code is only run after the document has fully loaded... any ideas? Hopefully you're thinking something along the lines of:

and you're half right! We do want to use the onload event, but not written in HTML or we're back at square one! Instead we'll pack our new line of JavaScript into its own function:

and then link this function with the  event with the special line of code:

So our final Javascript code will look something like:

Try it out with your own form now!

The last step to separate our Javascript is to remove the whole shebang to a separate file, so that our script tag points to the  file instead:

Voila! Now you're on your way to learning Javascript the Unobtrusive way! Take some time to read the Digital Web Magazine article Separating Behaviour and Structure, as it might explain things with more clarity than you found here!

Challenge 8: Mapping Application
Google has provided a tool that enables you to include their rich Map functionality on your own website - all you need is a little bit of Javascript! (OK, to do some of the more useful things you'll need to learn a bit more Javascript, but that's a good thing!)

If you would like to use an open alternative, such as OpenStreetMap, try this step-by-step guide to OpenLayers.

Start by looking at the Hello World example for Google Maps. As you read through their JavaScript examples, you'll notice that some parts will look familiar (if-statements, functions, events etc), but other bits will be new (variables beginning with google.maps).

 * 1) The first part of this challenge is to get the map working on your own page. You'll need to copy-and-paste the code provided, and change the statement sensor=set_to_true_or_false to sensor=false  Then open in your web browser and/or upload to your web server.
 * 2) Modify the code so that it displays a map of your local area instead of the default Australian map (if you're from Australia, center on a major city in another country). To do this, you'll need to find latitude/longitude coordinates. ( Try http://geohash.org )
 * 3) Modify your code to customize map controls and/or add a marker.

That's just scratching the surface, but has hopefully started you thinking about the possibilities!

Challenge 9: An intro to YUI - A Calendar Control
Imagine that you've got an HTML form that requires the user to enter a date. There are a number of different formats that could be used by the user, some which are ambiguous, such as 08/06/2007 (is that the 8th of June 2007 or the 6th of August 2007? Depends where you live!)

These days, there's lots of Javascript solutions that allow your users to click on a calendar control to choose the date instead of typing it, which is a much safer way to get user input! We're going to get started using the Yahoo! User Interface libraries Calendar control.

Now the YUI library is very extensive, and very extensively documented. For the moment we'll just use the Calender control without going into too much YUI detail, but if you want to know more, there's documentation galore (with lots of cheat sheets too!) and videos such as YUI Basics and DOM hacking.

To get started:
 * Create a new blank HTML file with your,  ,  ,  ,   tags, as well as an appropriate   header and intro paragraph (such as, "A test of the YUI calendar control").
 * Add a small form with one field, including a label "Enter the name of your event:" followed by a text input field and a submit button.
 * Read through the introduction at YUI Calendar control and follow the Getting Started instructions point-by-point. If you get stuck and are unsure of a certain step, check the code below to find out what to do, but resist the urge to cut-n-paste!

Once you have your calendar control displaying on your page:
 * Add a new function to your Javascript, called, link it to your forms   event and verify that the link works (ie. add an alert that says "Yep, this was called").
 * Have a quick read of the "Obtaining selected dates" section of the YUI documentation, but note that we know that only one date can be selected, so we can grab our date into a variable like this:
 * Use the above code in your  function to display the date using window.alert. You might need to use the ,   and   methods of the date object (ie.   to get the month). See the W3Schools reference for the date object for more details.

Only if you're really keen:
 * Add a new text field to your form with the label "Selected Date", and see if you can use the Calendar's own  to transfer the selected date to your new field (note: quite a lot of new learning if you've not used YUI events before!)

Challenge 10: An intro to jQuery - Peekaboo revisited
The Yahoo! User Interface library that was used in the previous challenge has an incredible number of useful features, but this can also create a higher barrier to entry for some of us who just want to do a few simple things, like hide/unhide a form input!

Enter jQuery:
 * jQuery is a fast, concise, JavaScript Library that simplifies how you traverse HTML documents, handle events, perform animations, and add Ajax interactions to your web pages. jQuery is designed to change the way that you write JavaScript.

So, let's get started! A good place to start is the tutorial Getting started with jQuery. It includes a downloadable starter kit and will work you through a hello-world example. After completing the first two sections (Setup and Hello jQuery), you're ready to start the first challenge, Peekaboo revisited!

 * Copy and paste the following HTML page into a new file - notice that it's the same form from Challenge 1 - Peekaboo elements (and we're aiming for the same functionality too).
 * Make sure that you've got the latest version of jQuery saved in the same folder as your file, with the filename jquery.js
 * Read through the Javascript code to check that you know what it's intending to do,
 * Test it out! Does it work as expected? What doesn't it do properly yet (think: "Oops, I didn't mean to check that")
 * Now for the challenge, take a look at the jQuery Event documentation, and see if you can fix the problem you identified in the previous step.

Once you're done, take a look at the Javascript code that you've used in this challenge and compare it to your code for Challenge 1... which would you prefer to write?

Finally, revisit Challenge 4 above (better input validation), and have a go at rewriting your solution using jQuery!

See also: Project Euler and Edabit

title: Web Design/JavaScript Challenges


text:
Alejandro Mayorkas

Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas (born November 24, 1959) is an American lawyer and politician who is the 7th United States Secretary of Homeland Security, serving since 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, Mayorkas previously served as director of United States Citizenship and Immigration Services from 2009 to 2013, and the 6th Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security from 2013 to 2016.

Mayorkas was born in Havana, Cuba. Shortly after the Cuban Revolution, his family fled to Florida then, later, settled in California. He graduated from UC Berkeley in history with honors, subsequently earning his J.D. from Loyola Marymount University. After law school, Mayorkas worked as an Assistant United States Attorney and was appointed as the United States attorney for the Central District of California in Los Angeles and served during the administrations of both President Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, where he oversaw the prosecution of high-profile criminal cases.

Mayorkas was a member of the presidential transition team for Barack Obama before he assumed office in January 2009, where he led the team responsible for the U.S. Department of Justice's Criminal Division. Mayorkas was appointed by President Obama as the director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). On May 20, 2009, the nomination was received by the Senate; on August 7, 2009, the nomination was confirmed by the Senate by voice vote. As USCIS director, Mayorkas led United States citizenship through management efficiencies and fiscal responsibility, and safeguarded the integrity of the immigration system. He implemented the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) process in 60 days. He led U.S. government efforts to rescue orphaned children following the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti and led the advancement of a crime victims unit that, for the first time, made it possible for the agency to issue the statutory maximum number of visas to victims of crime.

In 2016, Mayorkas became a partner in the law firm of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr, in their Washington, D.C., office.

On November 23, 2020, President-elect Joe Biden announced he would nominate Mayorkas as secretary of homeland security in his Cabinet. Mayorkas's nomination received the endorsement of the Fraternal Order of Police and former secretaries Tom Ridge, Michael Chertoff (who served under George W. Bush), Janet Napolitano and Jeh Johnson (under whom Mayorkas served), who said Biden "could not have found a more qualified person". On February 2, 2021, Mayorkas was confirmed by the Senate on a 56–43 vote, with significant Senate Republican opposition, and was sworn in by Vice President Kamala Harris the same day.

House Republican dissatisfaction with immigration and border issues led on February 13, 2024, to Mayorkas' narrow impeachment in a 214–213 vote by the United States House of Representatives. This came after an unsuccessful impeachment vote of Mayorkas one week prior. Mayorkas was only the second cabinet member in U.S. history to be impeached, the first being Secretary of War William Belknap in 1876. The Senate voted 51–49 to dismiss the impeachment charges as unconstitutional on April 17, ending the impeachment, without trial.

Early life and education
Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas was born in Havana, Cuba, on November 24, 1959. When he was one year old, his parents fled with him and his sister to the United States in 1960 as refugees, following the Cuban Revolution. He lived in Miami, Florida, before his family moved to Los Angeles, California, where he was raised for the remainder of his youth. Mayorkas grew up in Beverly Hills and attended Beverly Hills High School.

His father, Charles R. "Nicky" Mayorkas, was born in Cuba. He was a Cuban Jew of Sephardi (from the former Ottoman Empire, present-day Turkey and Greece) and Ashkenazi (from Poland) background. He owned and operated a steel wool factory on the outskirts of Havana. Nicky Mayorkas studied economics at Dartmouth College.

His mother, Anita (Gabor), was a Romanian Jew whose family escaped the Holocaust and fled to Cuba in the 1940s before leaving for the United States after the Cuban Revolution.

Mayorkas graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1981 with a Bachelor of Arts degree with distinction. He received his Juris Doctor in 1985 from Loyola Law School, where he was an editor of the Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review.

Assistant United States Attorney
After three years as a litigation associate in private practice, Mayorkas became an Assistant United States Attorney in the Central District of California in 1989. He prosecuted a wide array of federal crimes, developing a specialization in the prosecution of white-collar crime, including tax evasion and money laundering. His prosecutions included the successful prosecution of Operation PolarCap, then the largest money laundering case in the nation; the conviction at trial of Heidi Fleiss on charges of federal conspiracy, tax fraud, and money laundering charges; the successful prosecutions of two largest telemarketing fraud operations that preyed on the elderly; and the successful prosecution of a health care fraud and insurance fraud conspiracy.

Mayorkas served as the coordinator of the Southern California Telemarketing Fraud Task Force, overseeing the coordination of federal, state, and local law enforcement and regulatory agencies to most aggressively combat telemarketing fraud throughout the Central District of California.

From 1996 to 1998, Mayorkas served as Chief of the Office's General Crimes Section, overseeing the training and trial work of all new Assistant United States Attorneys in the Criminal Division. He received numerous awards from federal law enforcement agencies, including from FBI Director Louis Freeh for the successful prosecution of Operation PolarCap.

United States Attorney
In 1998, Mayorkas was recommended by Senator Dianne Feinstein and appointed by President Bill Clinton as the United States Attorney for the Central District of California, becoming the country's youngest United States Attorney. He was appointed on December 21, 1998.

Mayorkas oversaw the prosecution of high-profile criminal cases, including the prosecution of the Mexican Mafia in death penalty proceedings, the prosecution of Buford O. Furrow Jr. for the murder of a federal postal worker and the hate-motivated shooting of children in a community center, the prosecution of Litton Industries for the payment of bribes abroad, and the takedown of the violent 18th Street gang using RICO statutes.

In late 2000, Mayorkas was one of many California officials who participated in efforts to obtain executive clemency for narcotics trafficker Carlos Vignali Jr., the son of a wealthy Los Angeles businessman. On his last day in office in January 2001, Clinton commuted Vignali's 15-year prison sentence, a controversial decision.

Private law practice
In September 2001, Mayorkas joined O'Melveny & Myers as a litigation partner. In 2008, The National Law Journal named Mayorkas one of the "50 Most Influential Minority Lawyers in America".

Upon the election of Barack Obama in November 2008, Mayorkas was selected by the president-elect for a role in the presidential transition leading up to the inauguration. He led the transition team responsible for the U.S. Department of Justice's Criminal Division.

Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
In 2009, Mayorkas was appointed by President Obama as the director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). On May 20, 2009, the nomination was received by the Senate; on August 7, 2009, the nomination was confirmed by the Senate by voice vote. As USCIS director, Mayorkas led United States citizenship through management efficiencies and fiscal responsibility, and safeguarding the integrity of the immigration system. He implemented the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) process in sixty days. He led U.S. government efforts to rescue orphaned children following the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti and led the advancement of a crime victims unit that, for the first time, resulted in the ability of the agency to administer the statutory maximum number of visas to victims of crime.

For his work as director of USCIS, Mayorkas received awards from the Illinois Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights, the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles, and the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund.

In 2015, a Department of Homeland Security inspector general (DHS IG) report criticized Mayorkas's oversight of the EB-5 investor visa program, which offered lawful permanent resident status (green cards) to foreign investors who invested $500,000 into businesses that created jobs in the U.S. The program's popularity greatly increased under Mayorkas's tenure. The DHS IG report, which was the culmination of an investigation beginning in 2013, focused on allegations that politically connected businesses were given special treatment under the program, focusing specifically on the Sahara casino and hotel in Las Vegas, backed by then-Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, and an electric car company led by Terry McAuliffe and involving Anthony Rodham. The report concluded that "The juxtaposition of Mr. Mayorkas' communication with external stakeholders on specific matters outside the normal procedures, coupled with favorable action that deviated from the regulatory scheme designed to ensure fairness and evenhandedness in adjudicating benefits, created an appearance of favoritism and special access." The "fast-tracking" of approvals for individuals involved in the casino program was controversial because it was made over the objections of USCIS analysts "who were suspicious about the source of the funds".

Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security
Nominated by President Obama in June 2013, Mayorkas was confirmed as the deputy secretary on December 20, 2013, following a party-line Senate vote.

The DHS inspector general's investigation into Mayorkas's intervention as USCIS director to expedite reviews for applicants for foreign investor visas in three cases caused controversy and delayed his confirmation proceedings. The inspector general's report found that Mayorkas's acts did not violate the law, but did create an appearance of favoritism. In House Homeland Security Committee testimony in May 2015, Mayorkas expressed regret that his intervention created an impression of favoritism, but said his involvement was motivated by a desire to ensure that the applications were handled in accordance with the law: "I did not let errors go unchecked, but instead helped ensure that those cases were decided correctly, nothing more and nothing less."

As deputy secretary, Mayorkas's led DHS's response to the 2013–14 Ebola virus epidemic and 2015–16 Zika virus epidemic. His work also focused on cybersecurity. He led the DHS's negotiations with Israel and China on cybersecurity. A landmark agreement reached in 2015 with the Chinese government reduced, for a brief period, Chinese cyberattacks against American companies aimed at the theft of intellectual property. After the normalization of U.S.-Cuba relations, Mayorkas led the Obama administration's delegation to Cuba, and negotiated with the Cuban government on port and cargo security and U.S.-Cuba travel.

Mayorkas was also involved in the Department's counterterrorism and anti-cybercrime efforts, as well as its public-private partnerships, and efforts to fight antisemitism. Under Mayorkas's tenure, DHS greatly expanded its Cyber Crimes Center in Fairfax, Virginia, to aid the department's efforts to combat various cybercrimes, ranging from child exploitation to computer hacking and intellectual property theft. Mayorkas was involved in efforts to address DHS's presence on GAO's "high risk list" for management challenges; Mayorkas, as well as Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson, acknowledged low morale among DHS employees (a longstanding problem that pre-dated the Obama administration) and took steps aimed at boosting morale.

Return to private practice, 2017–2020
In October 2016, Mayorkas joined the law firm of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr in the firm's Washington office.

Secretary of Homeland Security

On November 23, 2020, President-elect Joe Biden announced his plan to nominate Mayorkas to be Secretary of Homeland Security. Mayorkas had the support of the Fraternal Order of Police and endorsements from former secretaries Tom Ridge and Michael Chertoff (who served under George W. Bush) and Janet Napolitano and Jeh Johnson (who served under Barack Obama), who said Biden "could not have found a more qualified person". Most Senate Republicans however opposed the nomination; Josh Hawley delayed a speedy confirmation, and Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell urged his caucus to vote against confirmation.

Ultimately, Mayorkas was confirmed on a 56–43 vote. Republican Senators Shelley Moore Capito, Rob Portman, Susan Collins, Mitt Romney, Lisa Murkowski, and Dan Sullivan voted with the Democrats to confirm Mayorkas. Mayorkas was sworn in by Vice President Kamala Harris on February 2, 2021, after his confirmation that day. Mayorkas is the first refugee and first person born in Latin America to lead the department.

Tenure
Early on in his tenure, arrests surged at the Mexico-United States border. In June 2021, the monthly number of intercepted migrants reached a decade high of 188,800.

On October 19, 2021, Mayorkas tested positive for COVID-19 during a test performed as part of pre-travel protocol. He experienced mild symptoms, forcing him to cancel a trip to Bogotá, Colombia, and to reschedule a Senate hearing.

Testifying to the Homeland Security Subcommittee of the House Committee on Appropriations on April 27, 2022, Mayorkas confirmed that the Biden administration will implement a Disinformation Working Group in the DHS to "develop guidelines, standards, [and] guardrails" to shape the department's longstanding effort to counter disinformation. Three weeks later, after critics called the initiative "a violation of free speech" and its executive director Nina Jankowicz had resigned, the Disinformation Working Group was "paused".

In September 2021, a photo circulated of Border Patrol agents using their "long rein" to control horses; however, the photo appeared to show them "whipping" Haitian migrants. Upon its release, the image generated outrage. Initially, Mayorkas defended the actions of agents, but later, at a White House press conference, condemned their actions and pledged to investigate them.

In October 2022, The Heritage Foundation released emails that showed that, hours before the press conference, Mayorkas received emails that disproved the whipping claim, including from the photographer himself. Republicans condemned Mayorkas upon the emails' release. Senator Ted Cruz, Representatives Andy Biggs, Michael Cloud and Vicky Hartzler had, by October 2022, raised the prospect of impeaching Mayorkas. Chief of the United States Border Patrol under President Obama and acting Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection under President Trump Mark A. Morgan also condemned Mayorkas's actions.

On October 31, 2023, Mayorkas testified before the Senate Homeland Security Committee that more than 600,000 people illegally made their way into the United States without being apprehended by border agents during the 2023 fiscal year.

Impeachment
On November 9, 2023, Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene filed a motion to impeach Mayorkas, citing a dereliction of duty and saying he "failed to maintain operational control of the [Southern] border". The motion to impeach failed to pass on November 13, with the House of Representatives voting 209–201 to defer the resolution to the House Homeland Security Committee. Eight Republicans joined all Democrats in blocking the measure.

On January 28, 2024, House Republicans introduced two articles of impeachment against Mayorkas, alleging "willful and systemic refusal to comply with the law" and breach of the public trust. Constitutional legal scholars and Democrats asserted Republicans were using impeachment to address immigration policy disputes rather than for high crimes and misdemeanors, of which there was no evidence. Legal scholar and law professor Jonathan Turley commented that the impeachment lacked a "cognizable basis" and that the inquiry had failed to show "conduct by the secretary that could be viewed as criminal or impeachable". In a Washington Post opinion piece, Norm Eisen and Joshua Matz argued that an impeachment of Mayorkas on grounds of "maladministration" would violate the Constitution. Former DHS secretary Michael Chertoff, a Republican, wrote in a Wall Street Journal opinion piece that "Republicans in the House should drop this impeachment charade and work with Mr. Mayorkas to deliver for the American people." On the eve of a committee vote on the impeachment articles, the conservative Editorial Board at The Wall Street Journal also questioned the reasoning for impeachment, writing "A policy dispute doesn't qualify as a high crime and misdemeanor."

On January 31, 2024, Republicans on the House Homeland Security Committee approved the articles along party lines for referral to the full House. On February 6, 2024, the House voted against impeaching Mayorkas, nearly along party lines, with the final vote being 214–216. Major media outlets variously characterized the failed vote as a "stunning rebuke", a "calamitous miscalculation", and a "story of a House in utter disarray". On February 13, 2024, the House voted to impeach Mayorkas on a party-line vote of 214–213; three Republicans joined all 210 Democrats in voting no. He was the first federal official to be impeached based solely on policy disagreements, and the first Cabinet secretary to be impeached in 150 years.

On April 17, 2024, the U.S. Senate voted through a point of order that the charges were unconstitutional and moot by a vote of 51–48 on Article I (with Republican senator Lisa Murkowski voting "present") and 51–49 on Article II. Afterwards, the Senate voted, 51–49, to adjourn the trial.

Personal life
Mayorkas and his wife Tanya have two daughters. He is a runner and plays tennis and squash.

title: Alejandro Mayorkas


text:
Talk:Unilever Asia

Requested move 08 February 2015

The result of the move request was: moved. Unopposed proposal. Number  5  7  14:42, 18 February 2015 (UTC)

Unilever Asia Holdings (group) → Unilever Asia – wrong namespace – <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:11, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * This is a contested technical request (permalink). Anthony Appleyard (talk) 16:33, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

 * The "article" is just a set of links. It and Unilever Asia Holdings Group, which is a redirect to that talk page, should both be deleted (the talk page per G8 and the redirect per R2. -Niceguyedc Go Huskies! 15:27, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I moved Talk:Unilever Asia Holdings (Group) to Unilever Asia Holdings (Group). Anthony Appleyard (talk) 16:33, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment at any rate, this article can't remain here, the disambiguator is imporperly capitalized (ti should be Unilever Asia Holdings (group) since disambiguators are lowercased unless they are proper nouns) So whatever happens, the article will have to be moved (unless it is deleted first) -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:28, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: The move referenced in the above comment had now been performed. It has no bearing on the outcome or decision of this discussion. Steel1943  (talk) 01:18, 18 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Unilever Asia


text:
Talk:Scotts of Stow

Notability
A notability banner was added to this article six years ago. Is this still needed or should it be nominated for deletion?— Rod talk 18:33, 3 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scotts of Stow


text:
Draft:Operating system/Operating Systems

This page and all its subpages should either be deleted or merged into Operating system and its subpages.

Learning resources
An existing page that gives a broad overview of operating systems.

 * Development Environment Setup
 * Concepts
 * Kernel Models
 * Process Management
 * Threads and Processes
 * Concurrency
 * Mutual Exclusion
 * Deadlocks
 * Memory Management
 * Task Models
 * Dual Mode Operation
 * Thrashing
 * Synchronization
 * Buffering
 * Scheduling
 * Hardware Protection
 * Memory Protection
 * Implementation
 * Hardware
 * x86
 * PPC
 * Booting
 * Basic x86 Bootsector
 * Graphical User Interfaces
 * Existing Operating Systems
 * Unix
 * AIX
 * BSD Unix
 * GNU/Linux
 * HP-UX
 * Mac OS/X
 * Solaris
 * Windows
 * OpenVMS
 * IBM i (was OS/400)
 * Legacy Operating Systems


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Talk:-fucking-

-fucking-
The entry fucking should have a usage note explaining that this is used to form compound words (I presume that such a note is currently missing.) Any 'quazi-etymological' references should be corrected to fucking. --Connel MacKenzie 04:17, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * As per -bloody- hereinbefore. † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 04:33, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Should we be creating fanfuckingtastic, absofuckinglutely and unbefuckinglievable or adding citations for these to -fucking-? Kappa 05:03, 7 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I intended this question for Raifʻhār not Connel Kappa 05:26, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Obviously not. Those have previously been discussed and rejected as being too formulaic.  As I said above (do you have a problem reading?  Why the hostile tone?) the formation of such compound words belongs in a usage note of fucking.  --Connel MacKenzie 05:18, 7 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Ouch. My apologies.  --Connel MacKenzie 05:36, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with Dmh’s argument on Talk:unbefuckinglievable: “[i]n sum, the construction is worth noting, even if the meaning is fairly self-evident from the parts. For that matter, unbelievable is also self-evident from its parts, but merits its own entry”. If these derived terms have indeed “previously been discussed and rejected as being too formulaic”, then please provide a link to that or those said discussion(s). See my argument for why the entry for -fucking- ought to exist hereinbefore. † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 05:57, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * The affixional equivalent of word entries’ citations are lists of words in the “Derived terms” section. To attest an affix, it must have at least three derived terms which themselves satisfy WT:CFI (this isn’t official — we don’t, as far as I’m aware, have policies that cover inclusion criteria for affixes yet — what I’m describing just seems to be emerging “common practice”). All that notwithstanding, I’m not passionately in favour of these intensifier infixes; nevertheless, if words like fanfuckingtastic meet CFI, I can’t think of a good reason to exclude them. † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 05:15, 7 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Kappa, see -fucking- now for what I mean. † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 05:57, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Nice try, but no. Such inventions (as others have told you previously) need an extraordinary amount of evidence.  --Connel MacKenzie 05:19, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, according to you, how much evidence exactly? † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 05:57, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Further reading: Expletive infixation.  This was also discussed on the Linguist-list a few years back, I believe... It's a fascinating topic, and I'm not quite sure how we should best approach it.  Since this is a fairly widespread property among expletives, an appendix on English expletive use (linked from the appropriate entries) might be ideal.
 * As a side note, I don't really understand why we're adding hyphens to pagenames in this way; it strikes me as rather unlikely that the general reader will ever type "-fucking-" (or for that matter "un-") into a search box... -- Visviva 06:22, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * If it exists, it is a derived term of fuck, and there should be a see-also at fucking for -fucking-, which is how on would arrive at the page. My vote per -bloody- above. DAVilla 10:38, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

As per. † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 11:45, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

Onion quotation
Very funny, but the Onion quotation of "A-fucking-firmative" of course isn't from 1969, but from 1999, since that fake article is from their book. Mtcv 11:24, 16 August 2010 (UTC)

-fucking- vs. fucking
Our usage note says: "If the original word has a space, this infix is usually written with spaces. Jesus Fucking Christ! New Fucking York." Is that not the intensifying fucking rather than this -fucking-? Equinox ◑ 07:26, 6 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:-fucking-


text:
1962 Memphis State Tigers football team

The 1962 Memphis State Tigers football team represented Memphis State College (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1962 NCAA University Division football season. In its fifth season under head coach Billy J. Murphy, the team compiled an 8–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 261 to 67. Jerry Bell and Wayne Evans were the team captains. The team played its home games at Crump Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee.

The team's statistical leaders included Russell Vollmer with 555 passing yards, fullback Dave Casinelli with 826 rushing yards and 66 points scored, and John Griffin with 220 receiving yards.

title: 1962 Memphis State Tigers football team


text:
Talk:David Hirst (journalist)

Name?

Could it be clarified whether this is dealing with David Hirst (article title) or David Hearst (text)? I assume Hearst, editor of Middle East Eye.Ioan_Dyfrig (talk) 16:18, 10 June 2020 (UTC)

 * I think both names are possible : Hirst or Hearst. Koen64 (talk) 07:29, 11 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Hirst (journalist)