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Cucuron

Cucuron is a village (commune) in the Vaucluse department, of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeastern France. Its inhabitants are called Cucuronnais.

Located on the south side of the Luberon mountain range, Cucuron is surrounded by slopes of grapevines and olive trees. There are several cooperatives in the village, including for wine and olive oil production. The present village dates from earlier than the 11th century and suffered a serious plague epidemic in 1720. Its primary features are a long pond (l'étang) that occupies its main square, the ruins of a medieval keep, and two churches.

Cucuron features in two movies: A Good Year and The Horseman on the Roof (French: Le hussard sur le toit).

Geography
Cucuron is located on the south side of the Luberon mountain range and includes most of the northern slope of the Aigues valley, sloping gently towards the south. The rural district of Cucuron is part of the Luberon Regional Park (Parc naturel régional du Luberon).

The highest point of the village area is located at its northern end, 1,040 m above sea level, on the crest of the Luberon. The village itself is located on a hill dominating the area, consisting of zaffre, with the highest part of the village proper at 375 m. It is surrounded by slopes of grapevines and vegetable crops, cereals (wheat fields) or abandoned agricultural land.

The extreme south of the territory is part of the alluvial plain of the Durance. Several rivers irrigate the village area, this includes the Vabre and Hermitage streams - the latter supplies the village.

Plots of land "in slices" may be legacy areas (villae) of the Gallo-Roman period - two sites have been clearly identified and excavated.

Distance from major towns
The times given in brackets are estimates which include part of the journey by motorway where relevant.
 * Pertuis: 12 km (15 minutes)
 * Apt: 26 km (30 minutes)
 * Cavaillon: 28 km (45 minutes)
 * Aix-en-Provence: 37 km (35 minutes)
 * Marseille: 65 km (55 minutes)
 * Avignon: 66 km (1 hour)

The villages closest to Cucuron are Ansouis (5 km), Vaugines (2.2 km), Lourmarin (7.4 km) and Cadenet (8 km).

Toponymy
Local tradition ascribes the origin of the village name to Julius Caesar, like many Provence villages. Caesar, seeing the inhabitants of the place run, was said to have stated the Latin phrase cur currunt? ("Why do they run?"). In fact Cucuron, under various spellings, is a common placename in southern France, meaning a peak, mound. Many localities are so named, as well as various villages: Coucouron (Ardèche), Cuguron (Haute-Garonne), Cuqueron (Pyrénées-Atlantiques).

The village name derives from the pre-indo-European root "Kuk", which means a place located on a high mountain or a round hill. The village has had various names: castro Cucurone and castro Cucuroau in the 11th century, in tertitorio Cucuronis, of Cucurun in the 12th century, Cucuron from the 16th century.

History
The medieval village site was occupied from the Neolithic period (at a place called Castelas). During protohistory, it was on the territory of the Gauls of Dexcivate, established along the Durance, as indicated by Conch graves.

A site on the plain, to the south of the village, dates from the Gallo-Roman period: villas were established there benefiting from the fertile land, with several burial grounds and a mausoleum - the Pourrières mausoleum, dates from the 1st century BC.

In the Middle Ages, a castrum (castle) was built on the hill by the Reillanne-Valence family: the present village dates from earlier than the 11th century and is quoted for the first time in 1024, under the name of castrum cucurone. The castle passed between the hands of several families of seigneurs (lords): the Sabrans in the 12th century, then the Castillon and the Oraison in co-seigneurship and finally the Bruni from La Tour-d'Aigues at the end of the 18th century. Meanwhile, a "consulate" was created; the village was consequently administered by "consuls" which controlled the local justices and lower courts.

During the late Middle Ages, Cucuron hosted a Jewish community which was officially expelled in 1501. It also accommodated a Vaudois minority, after they repopulated Luberon at the end of the 15th century. In 1534, the archbishop of Aix-en-Provence executed ten of these 'heretics', which included inhabitants of Cucuron. However, at the time of the French Wars of Religion, Cucuron remained predominantly catholic, unlike the surrounding villages.

In 1720-1, the village was hit hard by a plague epidemic which spread from Marseille.

Coat of arms

The arms are emblazoned with the following: ''Gules background with a silver tower that has a door and arrowslits. The tower is flanked by two savages with a symmetrical profile, who hold the tower; the one on the right with their right hand, the one on the left with their left hand, their other hands hold a club.''

Cucuron motto: cucurrunt sed vixerunt (they ran but they overcame)

Demographics
The village had almost 1,000 inhabitants at the beginning of the 14th century and there were nearly 2,000 on the eve of the Great Plague of Marseille of 1720-1. The deaths caused by the plague, however, led to a sharp decline in population in the 18th century, that decline was compounded in the 19th century with rural flight.

The inhabitants of the village are called Cucuronnais.

Economy
There are many traders in the village: a grocers, a tobacco shop, two bakeries and a butcher, a pharmacy, restaurants, bars and a hotel. It has had ADSL (broadband internet) since January 2005.

Agriculture
The viticulture (vineyards) and vegetable crops (asparagus in particular) found on village land, are from post World War I. The village has several cooperatives: one for cherry jam, an agricultural cooperative for wheat and other grains, a viticultural cooperative, and two olive oil mills open their doors to olive growers in mid-November.

The village produces Côtes du Luberon AOC wines - AOC stands for Appellation d'origine contrôlée (controlled designation of origin). Wines which are not AOC can be labelled, after approval, vin de pays d'Aigues.

Like the rest of the surrounding area, olive cultivation is growing in Cucuron.

Tourism
As with all municipalities in the Luberon, tourism plays a role, directly or indirectly, in the local economy.

There are three main kinds of tourism in the Luberon. Firstly cultural, which relies on a heritage of village hilltops and festivals. Secondly, relaxation tourism which has resulted in a significant development of chambres d'hôtes (bed and breakfasts), hotels and rental properties; a large concentration of swimming pools and provençale markets. Lastly, walking holidays which benefit from the footpaths and protected countryside of the Luberon and surrounding area.

Education
The village has a public elementary school, the pupils are then sent to Le Luberon, a lower secondary school in Cadenet, then Val de Durance lycée (upper secondary school) in Pertuis (mainstream education) or Alexandre Dumas collège in Cavaillon or Alphonse Benoit college in L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue (technical education).

Local life
A market is held on Tuesdays and two major holidays punctuate the life of the village:
 * the votive festival takes place at the beginning of July.
 * the Feast of Saint Tulle is held on the first Saturday after May 21: the l'arbre de mai “tree of May” - a poplar is transported by men through the village and tied-up the front side of the church. This commemorates the occasion of the 'intervention of the saint' to put an end to the plague of 1720.

Four night markets are held each year between the months of July and August, around l'étang (the pond), generally the last two Fridays of July and the first two of August. Local craftsmen and producers attend these markets.

Scenes from the films The Horseman on the Roof and A Good Year were filmed in the village.

Places of interest

 * Bassin de l'étang - a large quadrangular basin of water that dates from the beginning of the 14th century, located at the north of the village: it previously supplied a mill in the village.
 * Notre-Dame-de-Beaulieu church - partly in Romance style of Provence (13th century), partly in Gothic style.
 * Notre-Dame-de-Beauvoir chapel (early Romanesque), otherwise known as the Hermitage. Initially a small pilgrimage shrine, annex of the parish, quoted in several wills since 1292. All that remains of the Roman chapel is an arch-shaped vault. The last bay was later transformed into a dwelling. At the beginning of the 17th century, it was maintained by a confraternity who built a bell tower in 1602, a hermitage in 1613 and a new nave between 1614 and 1620. The chapel became communal property after the French Revolution and was restored in 1957, then again in the middle of the 1970s.
 * Medieval walls, with gates and towers, including the belfry, or “Clock tower” - 13th-16th centuries. Three successive walls surrounded the city during the Middle Ages.
 * Ruins of the castle and cellars dug into the zaffre - remains of a quadrangular tower of the 14th century, called “Saint-Michel tower”.
 * 16th century olive oil mill, in a cave dug under the ramparts in the south of the village.
 * Viticultural cooperative wine shop
 * Municipal library
 * Marc Deydier Museum, named after a cucuronnais scholar - includes archaeological collections of Gallo-Roman and Neolithic excavations, local ethnography and history of the village.
 * The garden of Pavillon de Galon, which was awarded the "Remarkable Garden" label by the French Ministry of Culture & Environment in 2010.
 * A cinema named Cigalon which has approximately 100 seats; it shows French and foreign films.

Popular expression
In the parlance of southern France, the term Cucuron-les-Olivettes means a remote place, devoid of interest or place that does not exist.

Notable people related to the village

 * Jean Joseph Marius Diouloufet (1771–1840), a Provence poet, died in Cucuron.

title: Cucuron


text:
Talk:Gwangsan Kim clan

Requested move 16 February 2021

The result of the move request was: moved. Unopposed request. Number  5  7  13:55, 25 February 2021 (UTC)

Gwangsan Gim clan → Gwangsan Kim clan – 'Kim' is the predominantly used romanization of '김' in comparison to 'Gim' despite Revised Romanization of '김' being 'Gim'. McCune-Reischauer Romanization and Yale Romanization of '김' is Kim.  -ink&fables  «talk»  01:54, 16 February 2021 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Source
Can https://namu.wiki/w/%EC%A7%84(%EB%B0%A9%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8) be used as a source for Kim Seok-jin? I briefly searched for an English-language reputable one but didn't find any.

~ Gaeiie (talk) 02:18, 27 June 2021 (UTC)

 * As a user-generated wiki, absolutely not. See WP:KO/RS Evaders99 (talk) 06:47, 27 June 2021 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Gwangsan Kim clan


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Mackie's

Mackie's Limited, trading as Mackie's of Scotland, is a Scottish ice cream and confectionery manufacturer based in Rothienorman, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It was founded in 1912 as a dairy farm but diversified into the manufacture of ice cream in 1986, before selling the milk retail business to Robert Wiseman during 1997.

In 2009 a partnership was formed with a Tayside potato farming family, the Taylors, to produce crisps, marketed under the name of Mackie's at Taypack. In 2022, the Taylor family purchased Mackie's shares in the crisp business. The manufacture of chocolate on the Mackie farm in Aberdeenshire began in 2014.

Ice cream
Mackie's of Scotland makes all of its ice cream on the family farm in Aberdeenshire using fresh, whole milk. The farm holds 330 cows and produces over 10 million litres of ice cream a year. A range of flavours are available in the Classic range, including: Traditional, Honeycomb, Chocolate, Organic and Raspberry Ripple. In the Indulgent range are: Salted Caramel, Madagascan Vanilla and Chocolate Orange & Honeycomb. Mackie's first began ice cream production in 1986.

Mackie's of Scotland is best known for its Traditional flavour ice cream, which is Scotland's best selling ice cream.

Chocolate
Mackie's of Scotland has been manufacturing chocolate on the farm since 2014, producing five flavours inspired by the flavours of its ice cream range: Traditional, Honeycomb, Orange, Dark and Mint.

Renewable energy initiatives
Mackie's of Scotland was an early adopter of renewable energy, installing its first 850kW turbine in 2005, having first trialled the idea with a smaller grid-connected turbine as far back as 1983. The firm produces more than twice as much energy as it uses, feeding the excess energy back to the UK grid. The farm's main source of renewable energy is wind, with four wind turbines and a total capacity of 3 MW. Annually, the wind turbines generate 8570 MWh on average, which is roughly equivalent to the amount of energy required to power over 2000 UK homes.

The farm has a 10-acre site of solar panels with a capacity of 1.8 MW, a smaller array of solar panels on the byre roof and a biomass plant which produces a further 400 kW of heating power for the farm's office and houses. The solar panels help to complement the wind energy harvested by the farm, particularly in the sunnier summer months of the year when it is less windy.

Between 2021 and 2022, Mackie's of Scotland installed a low-carbon refrigeration system which uses the heat from a biomass boiler to be help freeze the ice cream made on site. The new system will use biomass heat and ammonia, a natural refrigerant gas with no climate warming threat to cool the ice cream.

Ice cream parlour
In 2017, the company opened its first ice cream parlour, Mackies 19.2, in Marischal Square, Aberdeen. The parlour is named for being located 19.2 miles from the family farm.

title: Mackie's


text:
Talk:Best Coast discography

External links modified
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:09, 31 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Best Coast discography


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User:ElektroPhil

I'm a chemist and work for the chemistry journals team at Wiley-VCH, based in Weinheim, Germany.

Contact me at angewandte@wiley-vch.de

title: User:ElektroPhil


text:
Talk:Property redistribution

Extremely POV
This is extremely POV. It is almost completely at odds with the one thing resembling a reference that is provided, the entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy that is provided as an external link. In particular, it makes no mention of the possibility of unjust baseline distribution, which forms a significant portion of that article. Also, I find bizarre the uncited claim that "Property redistribution policies are usually promoted (in democracies) by claiming that more socially stratified economies are more just." No doubt that increased social stratification has been the effect of recent U.S. taxation policies that have redistributed wealth to the upper 1%, but I can't remember ever seeing an argument made that this was on the basis of "justice". All arguments I've ever seen for property redistribution policies being just have been ones that advocated the opposite goal, reduction of social stratification. - Jmabel | Talk 20:26, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Note: Mike18xx moved Redistribution (which is now a redirect) to Property redistribution, claiming the term redistribution to be POV, euphemism and propaganda. The older versions of this article (can be seen in the history of Redistribution) were a bit "POVvy" in favor of redistribution, and now Mike18xx has moved the article and changed it into a clearly anti-redistribution POV article. - Béka 21:05, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Are you lying, or just stupid? I said no such thing over at Redistribution.--Mike18xx 22:31, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

I apologize for this, but it remains a fact that the current version of this article is very POV. Béka 22:54, 18 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I fail to see how inclusion of counterargument logic (after the pro arguments, linking to social justice, no less) magically transforms an article from "a bit POVvy" to "very POV", as opposed to POV transformed to neutral (since it now contains both pro and con.--Mike18xx 02:28, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Removing the link to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry doesn't make my arguments, stated above, go away. Nor does removing the "NPOV" tag magically make the article neutral. - Jmabel | Talk 22:00, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Removing any tag related to a content dispute without having reached a consensus is vandalism, and will be dealt with as such. Mike18xx, I've restored the NPOV tag you removed, and advise you to avoid personal attacks on other contributors and work with facts and good sources, rather than your opinions.  —Pablo D. Flores (Talk) 00:14, 21 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Pablo, if you hadn't been in such an all-fired rush to beat me down all over Wikipedia after some shoulder-chip-wearing dude interrupted your busy schedule with entreaties to hose an opponant, you might have taken the time to realize that my latest edit (which you nuked!) had reinstanted the Standford Encyclopedia reference -- which was Jmabel's listed objection above.--Mike18xx 04:59, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Guilty as charged. I only saw you removing the NPOV tag twice among protests by other users. The timing may have confused me, being as preoccupied as I am while forging other dark plans. :) My revert was wrong. My warning above was untimely but strictly correct. —Pablo D. Flores (Talk) 14:50, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

I'm not going to edit-war over having an npov tag on the article, but the fact remains that the issues I raised have not been addressed. The fact remains that while the Stanford Encyclopedia is now linked, the statement cited to it is in direct contradiction to what it says. As far as I can tell on reading it, nowhere does it say that "more stratified economies are more socially just", nor anything of the sort. - Jmabel | Talk 22:19, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The ball's on your field. Restoring an improperly deleted tag is not edit warring. If the article has serious POV issues, it should have the NPOV tag on it, but if you feel this can be settled without it, it's fine. —Pablo D. Flores (Talk) 23:10, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

I have now corrected the statements that I consider to be misleading paraphrases of the cited sources. I'll probably get back to working on this article more seriously at some point, but I have dealt with the three issues I found objectionable. - Jmabel | Talk 02:54, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

Merger?
Is there any interest here in merging this with "Wealth redistribution" to form a "Redistribution (economics)" article?-- Thesocialistesq/M.Lesocialiste 01:10, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Property redistribution


text:
GCSE Science

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title: GCSE Science