text:
Julia Harting

Julia Harting (née Fischer; born 1 April 1990 in Berlin) is a German athlete who specialises in the discus throw. She won the silver medal at the 2016 European Championships, and has represented Germany at two Olympics (2012 and 2016).

She was a u18 World Champion in 2007.

Fischer represented Germany at the 2012 European Athletics Championships where she finished 5th in the discus event with a throw of 62.10 metres. She also finished in 5th at the 2015 World Championships.

Julia Harting is married to German discus thrower Robert Harting.

title: Julia Harting


text:
כאשר

Etymology
From ; compare.

Conjunction

 * 1) When, as, at the time that.

Usage notes

 * In modern use, this term is comparatively formal, the shorter synonym being comparatively informal.
 * Unlike English, is not used in framing questions, nor in introducing interrogative content clauses; the interrogative adverb and conjunction  is used for these purposes.
 * Whereas in English, and  are somewhat interchangeable in introducing complement clauses for temporal nouns — “the time when” and “the time that” being synonymous — in Hebrew  cannot be used this way; rather,  or (more frequently)  is required.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: כאשר


text:
Portal:Learning Projects/Learning Projects topics

 * Academic writing contains a list of articles written by scholars in a workshop for learners of English as a second language.
 * ALISON is a FREE [Advertisement Funded] learning resource of interactive certification-based learning, focusing on proprietary software.
 * Aquaculture - Economic, Political, Social and Scientific Perspectives
 * Astronomy Project - Project participants access public astronomy databases and explore outer space.
 * Bloom clock project - an attempt to create a language for discussing the bloom times of wildflowers and other plants that is neutral in respect to climate, region, and hemisphere.
 * Building Automation - A project to standardize the education requirements and learning resources of building automation professionals.
 * Composing free and open online educational resources - The course reading and the assignments of this class will familiarize the participants with the main concepts related to open education resources and to the historical and philosophical ideas behind them.
 * CAD - Computer Aided Design and Analysis for engineers. Learn how to design and analyze systems, machines, parts in 2D and 3D.
 * Cell biology improvement drive - service-oriented project.
 * Chain mail - How to make a suit of chain mail armour. Involves actually making a suit from simple materials.
 * Collaborate and Create In-service- a professional development collaborative for teachers interested in computer technology integration aligned to relevant curriculum with a focus on OLPT[OLPT]
 * College Algebra - Basic mathematics on a college level.
 * Flycatcher - How to make a custom fly rod.
 * German Home Immersion School - How to build a customized immersion school wherever you are!
 * Glossary of Geology Terms
 * Elasticity - An introductory course on elasticity theory for all engineers, mathematicians, physicists, and biologists who are interested in stresses and deformations of elastic solids.
 * Highschool Help Forum - A simplified discussion forum within Wikiversity. It is being discussed to use this to facilitate an easier collaboration between students. Refer User_talk:Thewinster.
 * History of Europe to 1648 – A comprehensive survey of European history.
 * History of Ireland through Song - Irish History, the fun way.
 * Hitler's Germany - A brief study into the workings of the Third Reich.
 * Homeschooling - Building resources for parents and children who teach and learn outside of the compulsory public education systems.
 * Human Genetic Uniqueness Project - students search for genes that make humans different from other mammals.
 * International Relations - Help create an introductory course.
 * Institutional ethnography - Introduction to a social research method for the study of everyday life and group organization.
 * Learning to learn a wiki way - An action research project to investigate ways of learning using a wiki.
 * Lunar Boom Town - Want to get rich settling the moon? Come help us figure out how.  Excellent business planning practice for budding entrepreneurs of all types and ages.
 * Microsystems for molecular analysis -- Includes DNA integrated circuits and the capillary electrode array.
 * Public Policy Debate Learn to effectively develop and present public policy positions persuasive to enemies and sovereigns and useful to allies. Attempt to establish appropriate grounds, boundary conditions, usefully specific and general definitions and other attributes useful in a learning community.
 * Quiz -- learn about using the quiz extension in your pages; discuss the educational use of wiki quizzes; develop pages with quizzes.
 * Reading Clubs
 * Reading Groups
 * Self Paced Reading Labs - A project to develop a set of reading exercises that can be used for self managed reading practice and evaluation.
 * Strategic Simulations - Help develop strategic level simulations for the purposes of learning and teaching military strategy.
 * The Science Behind Parkinson's - To build an introduction to the science behind Parkinson's; to follow current research progress; to compile and share the information discovered; to discuss its significance.
 * VoIP activity group - Learn to communicate over the Internet in realtime using Voice over Internet Protocol
 * Visual Programming Language - To design and create a Graphical or Visual programming language thats freely available under GNU license.
 * Web 2.0 for Professional Use - A Web writing class learns how to write, design and effectively use new media in the academic and professional spheres.
 * Wikiversity Distributed Virtual Supercomputer - support for group computing projects and mathematical simulations.
 * War Seminar - discussions about the history of war as a cultural practice and current wars in the world.
 * Writing Discipline Specific Research Papers - Resources for students learning to write university level research projects.


text:
Talk:Rote

Isaiah 29:13 (New American Standard Bible) New American Standard Bible (NASB) Copyright © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation

13Then the Lord said,"Because (A)this people draw near with their words And honor Me with their lip service, But they remove their hearts far from Me, And their reverence for Me consists of tradition learned by rote

title: Talk:Rote


text:
Minister for Internal Security (Ceylon)

The Minister for Internal Security was a cabinet ministry of the Government of Ceylon that existed from January 1960 to March 1960 during the caretaker government of W. Dahanayake. Senator Layard Jayasundera served as Minister for Internal Security and Sydney de Zoysa served as Permanent Secretary. The Ministry had under it the Ceylon Police Force which at the time was tasked with internal security duties and had prior to January 1960, been under the Minister of Justice briefly after the Bandaranaike assassination. The police had traditionally been under the Ministry of External Affairs and Defence, which was a portfolio retained by the Prime Minister of Ceylon.

title: Minister for Internal Security (Ceylon)


text:
Saiva Bhanu Kshatriya College

Saiva Bhanu Kshatriya College, is a general degree college located in Aruppukottai, Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu. The college is affiliated with Madurai Kamaraj University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

Accreditation
The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).

title: Saiva Bhanu Kshatriya College


text:
Talk:Application server/Archive 1

Suggest removing IBM Transaction Server
I suggest we remove: "Also, in IBM mainframe environment has been application servers or on other name transaction servers such as CICS and IMS long before Java was even invented." This information belongs in one of the transaction server articles. Moreover, it is not a properly formed sentence, and "long before" is vague and biased, it is just not the appropriate word. Timhowardriley 08:11, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

Questioning reference to Delphi
Regarding "For Delphi there are both free and commercial options including TurboMiddleware (free) and kbmMW (commercial).": the sentence with "For Delphi" implies that we're talking about another object of the subject of the article. Therefore, I believe we should:
 * Delphi is not an application server, but an Integrated Development Environment. Beginning
 * TurboMiddleware seems to be a free version of kbmMW.
 * kbmMW does seem to be an application server.
 * The TurboMiddleware website has a reference to both Delphi and Microsoft's Active Server Pages.
 * "This is the home of kbmMW CodeGear edition from Components4Developers - a free to use n-tier development framework for Delphi and C++Builder."
 * "This site was built using Visual Studio 2005 as an ASP.net application running on the dotnet runtime version 2."
 * remove the entire sentence.
 * add TurboMiddleware to the "open source application server" list.
 * let the user find kbmMW from the TurboMiddleware site's link.
 * Wikipedia's External links-to-avoid-policy says to avoid "Links to sites that primarily exist to sell products or services." Timhowardriley 09:23, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

Buzzwords do not add meaning
I think we should remove the section that reads:

This term is widely used as a buzzword in the following fields:
 * Distributed computing — denoting a computer running some part of a distributed computation task
 * Software components — denoting a "component farm", which is a computer loaded with software components, ready to answer calls for usage
 * Web services — denoting a machine running applications which will answer interface calls over HTTP in an XML format

However, comparing and contrasting application servers with web servers would add context. <IP_ADDRESS> 07:45, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Removing Web services at least is a bad idea since it is synonymous with application server. Though it should be worked into a paragraph or it's own section. WikipedianYknOK 19:10, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Replaced acronyms with corresponding phrase
I replaced the newly added acronyms with their corresponding word phrases. The acronyms were related to the Java environment. Because I'm not familiar with this environment, please audit my work. Timhowardriley 17:40, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

Presentation Layer
In "Advantages of application servers" block the author describes performance advantage with:

By limiting the network traffic to presentation layer traffic, it is perceived that the client-server model improves the performance of large applications in heavy usage environments.

But, as OSI model presentation layer is always employed in any communication, save for session starts and ends and similar, and generally doesn't fit logically in the semantincs of the matter, what I think the original author meant to say was:

By limiting the network traffic to  presentation tier 1 traffic, it is perceived that the client-server model improves the performance of large applications in heavy usage environments.

1emphasis only on the talk page

so I'm making the change and if you disagree with me feel free to revert it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:12, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

The many application server platforms
I have reservations regarding the sentence, "The term application server applies to all platforms, and there are many variations on the theme, thus making it slightly ambiguous."
 * "there are" places the verb (there) before the noun (are). Generally speaking, sentences containing "there are" can be reduced without loss of meaning.
 * "The term application server applies to all platforms" is overgenerous. I can think of older platforms still in use that can't run application servers.
 * "... many variations ... slightly ambiguous.": many of anything will probably result is more than slightly of something else.

I understand the need for an introduction to the many different categories of application servers. So, maybe the following sentence doesn't change the meaning of the status quo too much: What do you think? Timhowardriley (talk) 00:14, 12 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Application servers run on many platforms, and the term colloquially applies to different software applications.

Application servers not programmed
Regarding "Application servers don't help programming your application itself, but rather provide an infrastructure for interoperabilty and deployment of your application.": Dictionary.com say interoperability means, "capable of being used or operated reciprocally." And deployment means, "to come into a position ready for use." Which application server provides an infrastructure for these characteristics? The article uses wiki as an example of an application server that, without programming, delivers an encyclopedia application to client computers. Timhowardriley (talk) 17:53, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

Remove section, "Java-Based, but Non-Java-EE Servers"
I recommend we remove the paragraph that's titled, "Java-Based, but Non-Java-EE Servers". The only reference to a non-Java EE (but is a Java) application server is the Plain Old Java Object. However, that article says that a POJO is "... used to emphasize that the object in question is an ordinary Java Object, not a special object, and in particular not an Enterprise JavaBean ..." Application servers do not "emphasize" anything. Timhowardriley (talk) 18:30, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

No Programming. Riiight
Are you confused about the difference between a content specific "application* like mediawiki and a generic *application server*? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:50, 14 February 2008 (UTC)
 * If you're just programming an application, then it's your computer program that is served to the client. However, if you're configuring an engine that serves the application to the client, then you're working with an application server. Configuring an engine means that you are assigning database elements of the application so that those user interface instructions get sent to the client. "No programming" is an overstatement. You do write hook functions to perform data integrity. Timhowardriley (talk) 16:24, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

Are articles stored in the filesystem?
Moreover, Wikipedia is an assembled Wiki that delivers an encyclopedia stored in a filesystem, with changes to the encyclopedia stored in a database. How is Wikipedia related to a file system? I think the whole content resides in a MySQL DB. Or is this not what this sentence says? -- <IP_ADDRESS> —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:12, 26 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Articles are stored in the file system. Using your browser's menu, view the source of the application server article. First, search for ".php". Notice that ".php" always follows the "href" HTML tag. This means that if you press one of these links (an underlined word or phrase), you will execute a computer program that will access the MySQL DB. Now, search for "href". Notice that the source contains "href" HTML tags that do not contain ".php". These are not executables accessing the MySQL DB; instead, they are regular web pages stored in the file system. Timhowardriley (talk) 17:26, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

What are these magic
In the intro Paragraph - "The main benefit of application servers is the ease of application development, since applications need not be programmed; instead, they are assembled from building blocks provided by the application server."

Applications are programed by someone; Web services (Which this is most likely referring to) may reduce how much work 3rd party developers have to do when they release a product utilizing them, but they are no doubt programed by the content provider, possibly even modified by the 3rd party. If it refers to running a java server, almost inherently means you will be doing some programing in java, though it would only be Servlets or JSPs and not the actual server itself. If this is either case it needs reworded. WikipedianYknOK 19:10, 28 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Application servers require only minimal programming. Most of the work consists of configuring the building blocks. Yes, you can attach (hook) Java, Javascript, or modules written in other languages to enforce business rules, but this is only a small percentage of the work. Timhowardriley 06:52, 29 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. It confuses the use of software components with application servers. --Zslevi (talk) 16:24, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

Moved: (Confusing) Intro
An application server is a software engine that delivers applications to client computers or devices, typically through the Internet and using the HyperText Transfer Protocol. Application servers are distinguished from web servers by the extensive use of server-side dynamic content and frequent integration with database engines.

An application server handles most, if not all, of the business logic and data access of the application (see Centralization). The main benefit of an application server is the ease of application development, since applications need not be programmed ; instead, they are assembled from building blocks provided by the application server. For example, a Wiki is an application server that allows users to build dynamic content assembled from articles. The articles are stored in a filesystem, and changes to the articles stored in a database. An example of an assembled wiki is Wikipedia, an application server that delivers an encyclopedia.

Application servers run on many platforms, and the term colloquially applies to two different software applications. The term is used to refer to servers of web-based applications, such as integrated platforms for e-commerce, content management systems, and web-site builders. Alternatively, the term is used as a synonym for web application framework.

Cosiwiki (talk) 15:39, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

Moved: (Unverified) Common features
Application servers typically bundle middleware to enable applications to intercommunicate with dependent applications, like web servers, database management systems, and chart programs. Some application servers also provide an API, making them operating system independent. Portals are a common application server mechanism by which a single point of entry is provided to multiple applications.

Programming is minimized because the application server has the user interface instructions already built in. The instructions are contained in output objects, and database datatypes are preassigned to output objects. Configuring the application means the developer is assigning elements of the application to database datatypes. When the server is running, data is requested by the client, causing the assigned user interface instructions to be sent to the client along with the data. Client-side data integrity is refined by programming hook functions, which are simultaneously sent to the client.

Cosiwiki (talk) 15:39, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

Application server edit overrides
I cited a reference that explained what an application server actually is. You reverted it and said my comment was a 'Point of View'. We should talk about this because I think the current explanation is absolutely misleading and that the explanantion below is more accurate:

"An application server is a software engine that provides services to client computers or other applications, typically through the Internet and using HTTP, SOAP and XML. Application servers differ from web servers in that a Web server exclusively handles HTTP requests, whereas an application server serves business logic to application programs through any number of protocols. [1]" User:Cosiwiki (talk) 18:12, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

Moved here from my user talk page. Timhowardriley (talk) 22:23, 24 July 2008 (UTC)
 * According to SOAP, the simple protocol uses the hypertext protocol. So no new information is added. Regarding XML: XML is a markup language, not a transmission protocol. Yes, application servers transmit XML in addition to HTML, but the sentence is talking about transmission protocols, not markup languages. Regarding the difference between web servers and application servers: I see the relationship as an application server may or may not use a web server to deliver the application. But how to explain this coherently in a simple sentence is beyond me. Timhowardriley (talk) 22:44, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

Tim: Can you cite any sources that support any of the content in the first section of this article? If not, I propose deletion of all of this content as it is misleading and inaccurate. I've cited a reference which explains what an application server is, I would ask you politely to take a look at the article http://www.javaworld.com/javaqa/2002-08/01-qa-0823-appvswebserver.html.

Key points:

1. An application server provides Service (systems architecture) - it's not a special type of end-user application such as appaserver.

2. Application servers server business logic, business workflow and business objects that are consumed by other applications. This is consistent with the separation of data access, business logic and presentation concept. The application server hosts the business logic in a distributed system.

Any other definition of application server is simply misleading. Cosiwiki (talk) 08:58, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

Tim's response:
 * 1) Sun Microsystems successfully applied the term “application server” to their product that is really an application programming interface. As a result, this article has to co-mingle the concrete concept of “serving applications” with the abstract concept of “serving business logic”. In your referenced article in Javaworld, Tony Snites writes, “an application server serves business logic through protocols”. Serving logic has no meaning. (Logic is an abstract concept, like an idea. You can't "serve" an idea.) Then he says an application server “exposes business logic”. But exposing computer code is what an application programming interface does. An API is an interface to expose computer code for the developer to use without having to rewrite it (or more specifically without having to import it). Snites then says, “In most cases, the server exposes this business logic through a component API [Application Programming Interface].” Snites is calling an application server an API. But, calling an application server an application programming interface is a misnomer. And Sun Microsystems is getting away with it.
 * 2) There is another school of thought that says an application server “serves applications”. Yes, I happen to have written one and can, therefore, provide insight into its mechanics. Whereas, this Wikipedia article represents Sun’s Java EE fully, I can see that the lead would be better if it represented both schools of thought.
 * 3) Regarding “applications need not be programmed”: This obviously refers to non-Java application servers, like Wiki. Perhaps the two different definitions should be made clear in the first sentence. Then the following two paragraphs could be the lead of each paradigm. Timhowardriley (talk) 17:04, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

CW reply:
 * 1) There is nothing abstract about serving business logic. Logic is abstract, but Business Logic is not. Please refer to Business Logic and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Overview_of_a_three-tier_application.png to further your understanding of what business logic actually is. And this article http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms954595.aspx which contains a diagram explaining what constitutes a Business Layer in this image http://i.msdn.microsoft.com/ms954595.f00aa01(en-us,MSDN.10).gif
 * 2) In an enterprise an application server is essentially a "Service" Server. In much the same way that a Database Server serves a Database, or a Webserver serves a website: an application server serves methods & functionality. The principle is the same. If developers separate out business logic, business workflows and business entities they can be hosted as a service (on an application server), and if necessary, hosted on separate physical servers to websites or databases. A server hosting an API that exposes business logic is an application server.
 * 3) Can you please cite references that support the definition of an application server for the school of thought to which you refer? If you can't: this should be removed from the article as I have yet to see any foundations for this interpretation.

Cosiwiki (talk) 13:30, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

This is a discussion thread mentioning application servers and their relation to web servers and database servers. I realise it's not a valid source but it provides insight into how application servers are percieved.

http://www.dotnetmonster.com/Uwe/Forum.aspx/dotnet-distributed-apps/2438/Business-Layer-Application-Server

Cosiwiki (talk) 13:46, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

Just as a final nail in the coffin: this from Gartner.com

"An application server is system software that acts as a container for applications' business logic. It is a form of middleware — or, more specifically, platform middleware. The key function of an application server is to implement a programming model — used, in turn, by application programmers. The models — such as Customer Information Control System (CICS) Command Level; Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE); .NET Microsoft Application Platform (MSAP); and Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) — are used by programmers as extensions to the basics of supported programming languages."

Cosiwiki (talk) 21:33, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

Moved: (Unverified) History
Applications historically were stored on mainframe computers and delivered to computer terminals. Only large institutions — such as governments, banks, and large corporations — could afford the facilities, equipment, and staff to support mainframes. The 1960's saw the introduction of the mini computer. Mini computers are much smaller, less powerful, and much less expensive than mainframe computers. However, computer terminals were still used to interact with the application.

Following the introduction of the personal computer in the 1980s, and more specifically the graphical user interface in the 1990s, the client-server computing paradigm was developed. In the client-server architecture, applications are stored on the server computer and the personal computer serves as the user interface. In this architecture the user interface is a computer program running separately from the database server program. While this freed the database server from managing both the data and the user interface, it required the system administrator to update the client software on each personal computer individually when changes were made.

Following the introduction of the World Wide Web in the mid-1990s, the application server paradigm was developed. Application servers are a throwback to mainframe computing in that both the application and user interface are stored on the server computer. The difference, though, is the client is now a thin client or a personal computer running a browser. The server sends both the instructions for the user interface along with the data to the client. The client then uses its own processing power to format the data using the instructions received. Application servers store the user interface instructions in interface modules which are then assigned to database datatypes. When a database element of a particular database datatype is requested, the application server sends the module's instructions along with the requested data to the client.

Cosiwiki (talk) 15:39, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

Tim: If you can verify ANY of this content lets re-incorporate it. For now 99.9999% of people that view this page are interested in an n-tier based description of an application servers.

Cosiwiki (talk) 15:39, 26 July 2008 (UTC)
 * You are right. These were proper edits. Timhowardriley (talk) 16:43, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

Weasel words?
Particularly in the Features section, I see a lot of "is perceived to" and "is considered" clauses, which seem to me to be weaseling out of citing sources (or weaseling into original research). Anyone agree, and if so, any objections if I find some sources to cite? Deltwalrus (talk) 14:02, 20 December 2008 (UTC)

An example
From what I can gather from this article an application server provides "business logic". Is a web server an application server? A database server?

Can someone in the know give an example such as "e.g. An organization's inventory system database might be accessed via an API exposed on an application server, so that the inventory system front-end can deal with an simple and secure interface instead of having to directly manipulate the database."

I'm not sure if that's actually a valid example since I'm not sure what an application server is, but I have a hunch that's what it is. An example would go a long way.

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:43, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

 * FWIW I had similar questions ("please *someone* tell me what an app server is!") and found a rather good entry here (as of time of posting) . The associated talk page has some useful opinions too. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:54, 10 May 2009 (UTC)

Who knows what this sentence is supposed to mean?
"It has also come to encompass servers of web-based applications, although the paradigm is more similar to mainframe based applications than traditional client-server."

To what does "the paradigm" refer? Are we talking about application servers or web servers or application servers serving web applications?

(not sure who wrote the above, but the following is from Mcswell)

"An application server, is an n-tier software architecture, serves an API to expose business logic and business processes for use by third-party applications."

I can't parse this sentence. Maybe it's saying that an app server *is* an n-tier architecture, in which case there should probably be an "and" (or possibly a "that is") before "serves an API". Otoh, maybe it's saying that *in* an n-tier architecture, an app server serves an API (in which case "is" --> "in"). Also, the term "serves an API" seems odd (although this could just be me). I think of "serving data", and I would have guessed that this should instead read "exposes an API". Googling this phrase "serves an API", I get about 40 hits--but virtually all of them are this sentence, more or less (frequently with "is" --> "in"). Mcswell (talk) 01:45, 29 October 2009 (UTC)

why no mention of web server?
Since when are these things called application servers not web (HTTP) servers? I know that industry has embraces the buzzword "application server" (Microsoft likes to use it too) but they still send HTML (and Javascript and applets) down to HTTP clients. That's what they do. Web (HTTP) servers of all kinds have always also run scripts and accessed databases in the background in the process of serving up web pages to web clients (browsers). They all do distributed components across a network, with both proprietary protocols and XML web service open protocols. Big deal. All this functionality is present on Microsoft web servers as well as the flavors of Apache bundled by IBM, Websphere and others. I would like to see the discussion of this technology be more precise than it is now; currently it reads like a sales flyer from Sun or IBM.

And while I'm ranting, let me say that JSP are far from "equivalent" to CGI scripts in terms of performance. This is the kind of hand-waving I'm talking about.Harborsparrow 00:23, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

Resin application server(java/php) from Caucho Technology is also an important one which is not being mentioned in the article.

 * Web servers seem similar to application servers in that they both deliver HTML, javascript, and applets to HTTP clients. The difference is application servers *use* web servers to deliver applications to HTTP clients. The application server outputs the application in a form that HTTP clients can interpret -- HTML, javascript, and applets. The web server is the pump to the HTTP client. <IP_ADDRESS> 22:52, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

The intro of the article should be clear about the distinction between a Web Server and an Application Server. While I've been writing software professionally for nearly 3 decades, I'm new to server development, and none of what I read anywhere was clear about this distinction. I feel the article needs to say something like this: An application server is a web server that is capable of delivering dynamic content. (It should also define the terms static content and dynamic content.) The article should be clear that the application is the web site. —MiguelMunoz (talk) 20:05, 7 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Miguel, you (correctly) wrote
 * "'The intro of the article should be clear about the distinction between a Web Server and an Application Server."
 * I think that there is a grey area between them; therefore, it is good to start with the extremes, where there is no debate, and then proceed from that foundation to the nuances. Do you agree?
 * If so, what would a pure web server? I suggest that it would be a pure http server, one that merely responded to http messages. It would be fair to extend that definition pragmatically and say that the principle function is to deliver a file adhering to basic static html protocol file for display in the http client--the browser.
 * What would be a pure application server? It would be a server that handles dynamic html, true?
 * What is in the grey area? I think that the web has evolved to the point where everything is in the grey area, but certainly it is fair to say that Apache for example is still basically a web server, and Tomcat (to pick another arbitrary example) can reasonably called an "application server" or "web application server".
 * Mark.camp (talk) 23:55, 18 February 2010 (UTC)

Advantages?
The article has a section titled Advantages of application servers which begs the question Advantages over what? Is this really about the advantages or is it just about features of application servers? —MiguelMunoz (talk) 20:12, 7 August 2009 (UTC)

I do not understand the first sentence, which begins "An application server is a software framework dedicated to" I followed the link on "software framework" but it only increased my confusion. Could someone re-write this sentence to make it understandable? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mark.camp (talk • contribs) 01:11, 25 June 2010 (UTC)

Where "Application Server" comes from
I am laughing just a little over the impassioned discussion here, because I was actually present in 1997 when the term "application server" was coined. I was in a conference room at 417 Montgomery St. in San Francisco with Paul Ambrose, Bob Pasker, and Scott Dietzen, and we were trying to come up with a viable marketing vehicle for what we were doing at WebLogic. Was it a web server? No. An application builder? No. It was something in between, a cool implementation of serving up not pages, but whole applications that you could pretty much write over a weekend. It was. . . a web application -- server. So that afternoon, we decided to call it an application server. I don't think that term had ever been used before.

It was an interesting time; we had no real competition, and consequently, we had no market space. We were just trying to figure out how to describe what WebLogic did. We weren't a tools company (but we were), we weren't doing transaction processing (but we were), we weren't trying to build a web-based operating system (but we did), we weren't rewriting the web server (but we did). The only thing we were committed to doing was writing it all in Java.

Good luck on rewriting all that pesky application server history.

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:43, 15 February 2011 (UTC)Laurie Pitman

Oldest Discussion
This page is not very good. The Server page discusses the other use of the word Server. This page just claims software uses of the term "application server" are just for buzzwords. There needs to be a disambiguation page and links to both. Probably "Server" needs the same. -User:Reboot

Essentially, what we are talking about is a layer providing services (historically, in pre-web days provided by operating systems) beyond those provided by the basic Apache or IIS web server. Historically, increasingly complex websites needed services beyond static HTML pages and beyond a handful of web scripts that could easily be cut and pasted in new web pages. An example advanced service would be a standard compliant login service where a user enters a password to enter a password protected area of a website. The Application server would not only supply the login, but also allow the web site administrator to control what pages and services that user can access. The term "Application Server" evolved in the Java/Javascript developer and vendor community. A related concept is the "Content Management Server (CMS)" (ie. Drupal) or for that matter "Wikis" wiki (including this one) that evolved in the PHP developer and vendor community. An Application Server implies the ability to perform transactions, where transactions are not limited to e-commerce (buying or selling), for example a transaction might be updating a human resource record. If you Google "Application Server Transaction" you will get a number of good links. Would it be fair to say that an Application Server is typically implemented in scripting languages (Javascript or PHP) embedded in HTML pages? (web server internals are beyond my expertise). Would you consider Ruby on Rails to be an "application server"? The problem is that there is no accepted generic term for the layer above the web server and the specific terms that are in use (Application Server, CMS, e-commerce storefront) are jargon/marketing buzzwords specific to language communities (Java, PHP, Ruby) and vendors. Moreover, there is a continuum from "application frameworks" to full blown "servers". -- Jim Callahan (Orlando, FL) -- don't have my Wiki login at hand. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:32, 6 September 2011 (UTC) Might want to see list under Portal software] -- Jim Callahan (Orlando, FL) <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:42, 6 September 2011 (UTC)

p Reboot: agreed. I propose scrapping the entire first section of this document and re-writing it using Javaworld's definition of an application server, http://www.javaworld.com/javaqa/2002-08/01-qa-0823-appvswebserver.html

I think the current definition applies only to Tim Riley's product appaserver which is not an application server in the Service Oriented Architecture sense of the term. Cosiwiki (talk) 18:36, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

No mention of JBoss?

- Jboss is mentioned in relation to Red Hat. Red Hat did NOT make JBoss. Red Hat is not even linux in my mind; they just stole it a decade ago, specifically to pervert it. I use my own linux, SoyOS, and most say that either Slackware (purist) or Ubuntu/Debian(commercial) are the way to go. One time Redhat a engineer threatened to sue me over the GPL because I did not distribute THEIR source code of a Win32 DLL. The only reason he did not sue is that my company was negotiating for a product from them. Red Hat is corrupt-- GPL and Stallman association not withstanding.

The history of application servers goes back to CICS, TUXEDO, and eventually Encina and several flavors of CORBA encompassing standards such as ATMI, DCE, CORBA, and J2EE. JBoss should not be considered a "commercial" product, but should be listed as an open source application server. The products supporting J2EE should be listed in alphabetical order with appropriate links. --P nickerson 12:36, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Remove Completely??
This page is really a complete disaster, and will continue to be so, as, like most current terms in use in software development, it is transitory by nature, and reliant on interpretation of differing standards by competing vendors. SQL, C++, and anything nailed with a decent JSR can be cited and categorised quite easily for encyclopedic use, but these more abstract terms cry out for judicsious editing.

I think the best thing to do would be to remove almost all of the page, leave a cursory desscription more along the lines of:

"Term used to describe a platform capable of running software designed to serve multiple clients. The term is used across multiple software vendors and expert groups and has no fixed definition or capabilities."

It is not up to Wikipedia to list all of the features of different app servers or different types of app servers. That is the job of the specialist press and expert users surely? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:49, 25 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I agree that this article at present is quite poorly written and represents a transitionary term, but since Wikipedia is a work in progress, I don't think that erasing these is a good, or even productive, idea at all. TheOwlWBU talk 09:54, 8 December 2011 (UTC)

So, what is an application server?
Hi there,

i read in the intro: "An application server is a server that provides software applications with services such as…" …uh, to whom? To some kind of a "client", i suppose, what kind? And what does that client do with whatever it is being served? And what is this mysterious "software applications with services"? Does the app server provide software apps, or services, and if the latter, what kind? "…security, data services, transaction support, load balancing, and management of large distributed systems." Hmmm, this sounds like a list of apples and oranges, which reads like "apples, pipe wrenches, knapkins, heat, and referendums." I still don't understand what an application server is, and i say this seems a waste of time. --Jerome Potts (talk) 17:16, 2 February 2013 (UTC)

 * ✅ - I have restored the old intro, which better explains what an application server is IMHO. --M4gnum0n (talk) 16:12, 9 February 2013 (UTC)
 * I don't normally talk like this, but: I think I have found what is currently the worst page on Wikipedia. Nczempin (talk) 16:15, 6 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I believe that this term is horribly archaic. It's just not used any longer and I believe this is because it has no intrinsic meaning, I'm sorry.  I'm not completely convinced it ever did.  As a software engineer with 30+ years experience, I ***STILL*** am not quite sure how to characterize it.  The problem is, I can't find citable support for a negative: who writes with authority on when a term is considered archaic and no longer used?Tgm1024 (talk) 13:27, 21 March 2015 (UTC)

Removed some not so well known products
... Other open source application servers include the lightweight server JFox and a free, feature-limited version of Caucho's commercial product Resin.

It would be better to mention the most important products and to provide a Java EE introduction than stating some products that are not among the market leaders.

NOTE: For me there is nothing wrong with JFox and Resin, but if these are mentioned in such an article 20 others have to be mentioned as well.

Java bias
This page has an incredible pro-Java bias, to the extent you would think that Java is really the only option that actually is used in practice. I'm going to have a minimal whack at adding some extra text, but I hope somebody takes up the challenge to expand this.

Material removed
I have reverted the removal (and collapsed this section), as it did not improve the article. See also the section below. --M4gnum0n (talk) 16:21, 9 February 2013 (UTC)
 * The collapsed part was adding text to the bottom of this page due to ref tags, so in the end I removed it altogether. --M4gnum0n (talk) 22:42, 27 May 2015 (UTC)

The mal-formatted "Material Removed" section above has broken the talk page.
It's placing information at the bottom of the talk page. Can someone please fix it (or remove it outright) so that this no longer happens?Tgm1024 (talk) 13:35, 21 March 2015 (UTC)
 * ✅ --M4gnum0n (talk) 22:43, 27 May 2015 (UTC)

First sentence
"An application server is a software framework that provides both facilities to create web applications and a server environment to run them." Why only web applications? I wrote: "An application server is a computer program that provides the business logic for an application program in a distributed network situation." Have a good time!--Tim Stamper (talk) 16:40, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Firstly I reverted this because "a computer program that provides the business logic" assumes a level of abstraction more than application servers provide. Many of the applications hosted on application servers do this, but the application servers do not - they are ignorant of which business they're running for.
 * Secondly, what's so wrong with "facilities to create web applications"? This is their predominant use. It is the simple, straightforward and easily comprehensible explanation for (by far) their major use. It is true that they can be used for purposes other than this, but those can only be explained by arcane examples and contrived explanations for both what a "web" application is, and how something that still fits the application server model can be doing something that is outside this "web" scope. Nor does "web application" mean "an application accessible on the public web". Most are business intranet applications, many have no human users at all and provide web services instead. But they're still supporting HTTP, thus they're broadly "web applications".
 * It is our primary goal to communicate with readers. Perfect unambiguity is not always possible without compromising this, particularly in a lead. We should begin here by stating "they're for building web applications" and then only cover the obscure case of later on. Otherwise every such article reduces to "it's a computer program that does some philosophy", which conveys nothing to a reader. Andy Dingley (talk) 17:09, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your answer. Ajay Srivastava and Anant Bhargava wrote in this paper: "An Application server is a server program that resides in the server (computer) and provides the business logic for the application programme." (Section The Word Application Server Means, Paragraph What is an Application server?). I did not know the paper when I wrote the sentence.--Tim Stamper (talk) 17:58, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Application server/Archive 1


text:
Talk:The Waldo Moment/GA1

GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''

Reviewer: The Rambling Man (talk · contribs) 17:56, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

Comments That's all I have. Once again, a pleasure to review a Black Mirror article. The Rambling Man (Staying alive since 2005!) 11:54, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I would use Member of Parliament (United Kingdom) as the link, and pipe it to the non-capitalised "member of parliament".
 * "episode contrasts other " reads a little odd to me, I would go for "episode is in contrast to other"
 * We have an article on Trump's 2016 campaign...
 * Why is Jamie referred to by his first name and the other characters by surname?
 * Good question. A mixture of Jamie being the main character and which names each characters are most commonly referred to by in dialogue. Jamie is an overgrown child and his surname is almost never used. In contrast, the politicians and even the other production company members want to be seen as respected professionals, the only exception being the often-drunk and immature executive Jack, who is also referred to by his first name. This all being said, I am open to other suggestions. Those were just my thoughts on the matter when I rewrote the plot. — Bilorv ( talk ) 12:47, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * "to apologies to" typo.
 * The final scene is a little more dystopian than you have written. Firstly Jamie's moved on as a vagrant by the police, and the blue bear is shown on every channel of the screen and also on buildings etc in the background...
 * Tough to make it clearer while keeping the wording tight but I've changed it to: In the final scene, Jamie is homeless and moved on by police. He throws a bottle at a screen displaying Waldo on every channel, in different languages. He is tasered and attacked by police. — Bilorv ( talk ) 12:47, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * "On 22 January 2013, a trailer..." is this sentence relevant to this episode?
 * I think so; it's an important part of the second series marketing, essentially one of the two trailers for The Waldo Moment. — Bilorv ( talk ) 12:47, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * External videos, text are fragments, no need for full stops.
 * "based on Gorillaz. " probably worth explaining what Gorillaz is.
 * Completely. I've written: They imagined a politician based on the British band Gorillaz, whose members are digitally animated. — Bilorv ( talk ) 12:47, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Rupa Huq wasn't an MP at the time that Brooker wrote Waldo.
 * Nice spot. Interestingly, she had stood in 2005 as a Labour candidate in a safe Tory seat and finished third, but it's original research to say anything more than that she was consulted. Changed MP to "Labour politician". — Bilorv ( talk ) 12:47, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * "as a "lightning rod for dissatisfaction with politicians"." quotes normally cited immediately.
 * Ratz was only in the first series of Live and Kicking and it was only his head...
 * Changed it to Brooker based Waldo on Ratz, a virtual floating cat head from the first series of 1990s children's show Live & Kicking. — Bilorv ( talk ) 12:47, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * " using very modern" very modern? modern is modern, or do you mean "state of the art" or similar?
 * Yep, changed to "state-of-the-art". — Bilorv ( talk ) 12:47, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * "and Daniel Rigby plays Jamie Salter. " you've already noted that in the Plot and infobox.
 * Removed. — Bilorv ( talk ) 12:47, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * " England. Members of the public " perhaps merge with "where ..."
 * "a key theme.[11][9][12]" numerical order.
 * Den of Geek doesn't need to be italicised.
 * Could link 2016 United States presidential election.
 * I've linked Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign again, as it seems to be a bit more relevant. — Bilorv ( talk ) 12:47, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * And 2019 Ukrainian presidential election.
 * "Yoshida[15] and" odd ref placement, and who/what is Yoshida?
 * Moved to the end of the sentence, and Grantland reviewer Emily Yoshida is introduced on her first mention in the Analysis section.
 * No need to relink The Telegraph.
 * Nor The A.V. Club.
 * with tropes[26] ... again, not liking that ref placement, I'm sure our readers can wait to the end of the sentence before seeing this.
 * " plausible.[15][27][23]" order.
 * No need to relink Digital Spy.
 * Our article on Mashable doesn't italicise.
 * Amazing! Thanks for your comments. I've addressed a few inline and fixed the rest. — Bilorv ( talk ) 12:47, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm very happy with the changes made and the explanations given. So I'll promote, with one caveat: you do another Black Mirror episode GAN, you let me know!  Cheers. The Rambling Man (Staying alive since 2005!) 15:27, 25 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Waldo Moment/GA1


text:
User:John Havey

I am retired in Salt Lake City, Utah. At this point I am interested in collaboration on sustainability in Salt Lake City, County, and valley.

Help

 * contents
 * editing
 * edit summary
 * manual of style
 * wiki 101

Pages

 * name rules
 * creation
 * subpages
 * namespaces
 * naming conventions
 * categories I
 * categories II
 * templates
 * redirection to move/rename
 * requests for deletion

Discussion

 * centralized
 * colloquium

Content

 * adding content
 * copying

Drafts

 * topic draft
 * page draft
 * talk draft

title: User:John Havey


text:
Storyboard Artwork Project/Blank pages

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:98%" How to create Tux Paint stamps for the Storyboard Artwork Project
 * colspan="2" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Cornsilk;" |

What are "starters" in Tux Paint?

 * Tux Paint is a paint program. To make it fun and easy for kids to use, Tux Paint has pages which are ready to paint.  These are in a folder called "starters".  Put a PNG file into the starters folder and it becomes a page that kids can open and paint on.  No matter what size these pages are, they will be expanded and shrunk proportionally to fit one dimension and the boarder pixels will be stretched to fill in the blank area.

 * These start pages can be very complex. They can have areas which are protected and areas which are not protected.  That way they can have artwork which remains while the kids draw and they have other artwork that the kids erase as they draw.  This is done with an alpha channel of the starter page.  White means protection and blank means that the paint will stick to the canvas.

 * }

The Finished Painting By Robert Elliott (age 62)

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:98%" A starters page for storyboarding
 * style="width:60%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Gold; background-color: LightYellow;" rowspan="1"|

Storyboarding Starters Page
Click on this image to see the full sized version.

Download it and put it in the starters folder for Tux Paint.

 * style="padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em;" |

A finished storyboard frame
 * style="width:40%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #abd5f5; background-color:#f1f5fc;" |

This is a scene that was creates with Tux Paint screen set at 600 by 800. This produces a painting which is 472 pixels tall.
 * }

title: Storyboard Artwork Project/Blank pages


text:
Lab Tests Online

Lab Tests Online (now Testing.com) is a peer-reviewed non-profit web resource about clinical laboratory testing. The site provides information on clinical lab tests as well as conditions that are managed or diagnosed by lab tests. Lab Tests Online also provides summaries of recommendations by age, feature articles on lab-related topics, and news items of patient interest. All contents are reviewed and approved by an Editorial Review Board composed of laboratory professionals before being posted to the site.

The site was launched in 2001 by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry, the scientific society for clinical laboratory science and is a collaboration with other professional societies representing the laboratory medicine community. The website is mirrored on other sites in other countries and is available via mobile apps in several countries.

In January 2021, AACC’s Lab Tests Online (labtestsonline.org) was acquired by OneCare Media. In November of 2021, LabTestsOnline.org was rebranded to Testing.com.

title: Lab Tests Online


text:
User:Ashokbabubhogolu/sandbox

Thimmakkapalem is a village of Lingapalem mandal, West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh state, India. The Postal Identification Number is 534462.

title: User:Ashokbabubhogolu/sandbox


text:
Gordon de Lisle Lee

Gordon Ambrose de Lisle Lee (11 July 1863 – 12 September 1927) was a British officer of arms, an expert in Japanese art and heraldry and a stage designer.

Early life
Lee was born in Aberdeen, the second son of Reverend Frederick George Lee, vicar of All Saints, Lambeth. He was educated at St Mary's College, Harlow and Westminster School and became an artist and designer.

In 1888, he married Rose, the eldest daughter of Robert Wallace, Secretary to the Earl Marshal.

College of Arms
In 1889, he joined the College of Arms as Bluemantle Pursuivant. He was appointed York Herald on 29 November 1905 in succession to George William Marshall and then Norroy King of Arms in 1922, before being appointed Clarenceux King of Arms, the Principal Herald of South, East and West England, on 5 October 1926 in succession to William Lindsay. He was secretary to the Earl Marshal from 1911 to 1917 and the Deputy Earl Marshal from 1917 until his death.

He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1920 New Year War Honours and Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) in the 1926 New Year Honours.

title: Gordon de Lisle Lee


text:
NNN lease

In commercial real estate leases in the United States, the tenant, rather than the landlord, is usually responsible for real estate taxes, maintenance, and insurance. In a "net lease", in addition to base rent, the tenant or lessee is responsible for paying some or all of the recoverable expenses related to real-estate ownership. As the rent collected under a net lease is "net" after expenses are passed through to tenants to be paid, the rent tends to be lower than rent charged under a "gross lease".

Net lease types include single net, double net, and triple net leases, depending on the number of items they include. The term "net lease" is often used as a shorthand expression for any of these arrangements. The three most common expenses charged back are property taxes, insurance, and maintenance, often called the "three nets". A triple net lease that includes the three nets is particularly common and is often abbreviated in writing as "NNN lease" but is still pronounced as "triple net lease".

Single-tenant net lease
NNN leased investments are generally leased to one single tenant and are thus referred to as STNLs or Single Tenant Net Leases. A NNN lease investment can however have two or more tenants, and it would not be considered an STNL investment. An example of this would be a Starbucks & MetroPCS which share a building under two separate NNN leases, or a retail strip center where all tenants are wrapped into one NNN lease. Both examples would be considered NNN leased investments; however, they would not be STNLs. The risk of default is spread out over more than one tenant in such NNN deals (e.g., if either Starbucks or MetroPCS goes bankrupt, the other tenant continues to pay the rent due under their NNN lease). Such deals can appeal to investors seeking to spread risk, though the simplicity of collecting one rent check from one tenant is forfeited.

Double net lease
Another variation of the NNN lease is the NN lease, or "Net-Net" lease, which is pronounced "double net" where the "net" amounts generally are property tax and insurance. Double net leases, like triple net leases, are usually, though not always, single-tenant arrangements. However, the landlord carries some extra financial maintenance obligation. The term "Net Lease" is tossed around loosely in the net lease industry, often used when referring to a triple or double net lease; however, there is a definite distinction between a triple net and a double net lease even though some brokers erroneously use the term "Net Lease" to describe both. Double net leased investments generally trade at a slightly higher CAP rate than triple net leased investments because of the maintenance expenses which the landlord is responsible for. Brand new NN Deals with long-term builder warranties covering the roof and sometimes structure can be attractive to investors looking for a higher return.

Risk
The largest risk associated with a NNN lease is the tenant terminating the lease or failing to renew, which can result in loss. There are several factors used to determine the riskiness of a lease, including remaining term on the lease and creditworthiness of the tenant.

In one variation of a NNN lease contract, the "bondable NNN lease" (sometimes referred to as a "true triple net" or "absolute triple net" lease), the tenant cannot terminate the lease or seek any rent abatements under any circumstances, a provision that mitigates some of the risk for the landlord.

NNN lease
Investors can benefit from NNN lease properties in a variety of ways. In NNN leases, tenants take on the responsibility of major expenses, such as HVAC and roof repairs, keeping the operation cost lower for the landlord. Typically, NNN leases have lower rent per square foot rates which increases the tenant pool when a landlord is ready to lease the property. For specific tenants, landlords will frequently modify leases allowing for greater flexibility and higher tenant retention.

Absolute net lease
Most investors in today's net lease market prefer an investment that is truly passive; therefore, an absolute net lease is a requirement for many of these investors. Investors prefer to hold these assets long-term, which means there is likely some wear and tear maintenance, as well as a roof that will need to be replaced at some point. With an absolute net lease in, the risk of expenses associated with building maintenance shifts solely to the tenant, allowing the landlord to receive a 100% passive investment.

NNN 1031 exchange
In its simplest form, a 1031 exchange is a tax deferral strategy for real estate transactions in which a property owner or investor sells one property and purchases another within a specific time frame. The transaction, however, must qualify as a "like kind" exchange.

Components and values of single-tenant leases
The value of a net leased investment is determined by the value of the real estate, the value of the credit tenant, and the value of the lease itself.
 * 1) In a standard NNN leased investment the landlord owns the land and building while collecting rent from the tenant. If the tenant chooses to leave or the landlord decides he or she wants a different tenant when the lease term is up, he or she still owns the building and land. Planned developments in the area as well as current and future demographic trends all affect the real estate's value. The value of the physical building should also be factored in when determining the real estate's value.
 * 2) The second determinant of value is the quality of the credit tenant. This is generally determined by the tenant's current credit rating and past financial reports. Most investors use the Standard and Poor's credit ratings. In order to qualify as an investment grade tenant, the company must be rated at lease BBB− by Standard and Poor's. Properties leased by credit tenants are in the highest demand and therefore command a lower capitalization rate than non-investment grade tenants.
 * 3) The third determinant of value is the lease itself. NNN leases are more valuable than NN leases because the landlord is responsible for some of the expenses in a double net lease. The length of the lease is also a determinant of value (e.g., 20 years of guaranteed income will be worth more 10 or 15 year terms). Generous rental increases, also known as rent bumps, add value to the lease and protect the landlord against inflation. Some leases also have a percentage rent kick in if the tenant's gross sales hits a certain CAP. Most leases grant the tenant options to renew with several short term options putting the landlord in a weaker position when it comes time to renew the lease. If the current rents in the lease are below market, the landlord has the opportunity to command higher rents when the lease term is up.

Net lease planning as an investment tool
NNN lease investments are essentially inflation-protected bonds guaranteed by a credit tenant, rather than a state or local municipality. The tenant makes monthly payments to the landlord, while the real estate (and often rent bumps called for in the lease) provides the investor protection against inflation. NNN lease investments provide similar tax advantages as tax-exempt municipal bonds without forcing the investor to settle for lower yields. If investors were to purchase a bond in the secondary market and sell it for a profit years later, they would have to pay a capital gains tax on the profit regardless of whether or not the bond is exempt from income tax. This is not the case when investing in NNN leases because, although structured like a bond, they are still considered real estate investments and therefore can be depreciated in the same manner as similar income producing commercial real estate. The taxes on the income they generate can be reduced or deferred over the life of the asset. Investors, of course, have to pay taxes on recaptured depreciation back when property is sold; however, this can be circumvented by utilizing a 1031 exchange by purchasing a like-kind property. NNN leased investments are also financeable, allowing the investor to leverage the credit of their tenant while also creating tax-deductible interest payments.

title: NNN lease


text:
Cookbook:Beef Jerky

| U.S. Cuisine | Texas Cuisine

Beef jerky is ideal for road trips and camping, as it will not perish as readily as fresh meat. It is suitable not only as a snack but also as a meal. This recipe for jerky is not heavily brined and flavored as commercial jerky is. Other meats may be substituted instead of beef, but use caution.

Ingredients

 * ¾ tsp salt
 * ¼ tsp pepper
 * 1 tbsp brown sugar
 * ¼ tsp garlic, minced or pressed
 * 2 tbsp Worcestershire sauce or teriyaki sauce
 * ¼ tsp liquid smoke
 * 1 lb (450 g) beef (flank or skirt steak is ideal)

Procedure

 * 1) Mix all ingredients except beef to make brine.
 * 2) Slice beef into ¼-inch thick strips. Small chunks (about ¾-inch) of stewing beef may also be used. If possible, cut along the grain of the meat rather than across it. It may be easier to freeze the meat before attempting to cut it, as this will stop the meat pulling and deforming so easily.
 * 3) Marinate meat in overnight, or at least for an hour or two.
 * 4) Place meat on racks and dry in a food dehydrator at 145 °F (63 °C) for 6–8 hours. They may also be dried in a 150 °F (65 °C) oven with foil-covered racks. If using the oven, turn meat over 3–4 hours into drying time and reduce temperature to 130 °F (55 °C).

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Other common seasonings may include ¼ tsp each of cayenne pepper, cheese powder, and/or white pepper.
 * The meat should bend but not break when properly dried.

title: Cookbook:Beef Jerky


text:
User:Assaf Koren/sandbox

= Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) = The Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM), was developed by Weinstein for creating a working framework in order to understand conscious actions taken to reduce health risks. Incorporated within this framework, is the concept of prior to the action consideration among other stage models. The model consists of seven stages.

Stage 1: Unaware of the issue
The person is not aware that the behavior might threat a healthy state. Simply as lacking the knowledge, thus lack of awareness to the risk.

Stage 2: Aware of the issue but not personally engaged
The person starts to be aware that the behavior have some risks, but perceive the risks and the behavior as not sufficient enough to pose a threat to own health ( Optimism bias).

Stage 3: Engaged and deciding what to do
People decide whether to act. Some having many competing issues in mind that consume the attention capacity, which in turn can affect the consideration whether to act.

Stage 4: Planning to act but not yet having acted
Becoming aware and acknowledging that the behavior might pose a threat. Some might have the intention to act, though not doing so in an active manner.

Stage 5: Having decided not to act
When in Stage 3, some who decided not to act upon the knowledge (as in stage 4) or deciding to do act upon (as in stage 5). Intention to act does not necessarily mean that the person will be active and take an action. The perception of the risk is a crucial factor of consideration in order to proceed into action, as motivation into the next step.

Stage 6: Acting
The person is actively acting upon the necessary acts to reduce own risk.

Stage 7: Maintenance
Some of the new achieved behaviors might not last long. This final stage is not always present.

These seven stages are representation of qualitative different patterns that people demonstrate in their behavior, experiences, and beliefs. The transitions among the stages depends upon the person’s considerations and judgment.

title: User:Assaf Koren/sandbox


text:
Courtemaîche

Courtemaîche is a former municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Buix, Courtemaîche and Montignez merged to form the new municipality of Basse-Allaine. It has a total area of 894 km sq (345 sq mile) and a population of 664.

title: Courtemaîche


text:
Talk:List of Pride Fighting Championships alumni

Is this List being regularily up-dated? Normal Wikipedia guidlines say that Lists should only include names with articles (ie. so notability can be established). I feel the list should be trimmed but then again .....Peter Rehse (talk) 00:26, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on List of Pride FC fighters. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081206133825/http://www.411mania.com/MMA/video_reviews/90469 to http://www.411mania.com/MMA/video_reviews/90469

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:16, 27 December 2017 (UTC)


text:
Storyboard Artwork Project/Scenery and props

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:98%" How to create props and scenery for Tux Paint for the Storyboard Artwork Project
 * colspan="2" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Cornsilk;" |

Two ways to create scenery

 * There are two ways to create scenery which can be used by kids to make storyboards.

 * You can create scenery by creating stamps. This is like have a collection of props. This requires a piece of art (from a 2D or 3D program) which is masked.

 * You can create a starters page with the entire scene on a single page. This is a bit more complicated since starter pages do not have backgrounds on them normally.  Instead, you need to create a second page which has the background and give it a special name which tells Tux Paint that it is a background which can be painted over.

In this example, the stamp is the movie poster (show right) and this stamp is scaled in Tux Paint to be used as background scenery for the storyboard. The two human figures (old person and young person) are the same stamp only mirror imaged and scaled differently. Every simple, very easy. This is what makes Tux Paint so much fun. Also, this is what makes Tux Paint more powerful than most other paint programs.

 * To use this stamp
 * To use the poster in Tux Paint, click on the picture of the poster to see the original (full-sized) version of the poster. Copy this file to your hard drive and put this file into the stamp folder for Tux Paint.

 * Then next time, you use Tux Paint, this stamp will automatically appear in the list of stamps. Because this artwork is a perfect retangle (rather than an odd shape), you do not need to add a mask to it.  The only requirement of Tux Paint is the artwork must be in the PNG format.

 * }

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:98%" Example of an irregular-shaped prop
 * style="width:55%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Gold; background-color: LightYellow;" rowspan="2"|

PNG pictures with alpha channels
You need to create a PNG picture has four channels :
 * A red image
 * A green image
 * A blue image
 * A mask image

 * style="padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em;" |

The mask
 * style="width:45%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #abd5f5; background-color:#f1f5fc;" |

Props can be any size. If the prop is not rectangular, the shape of the prop is created with a mask.
 * The mask
 * style="padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em;" |
 * style="padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em;" |

The RGB Image
 * style="width:45%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #abd5f5; background-color:#f1f5fc;" |

See the ugly white area around the picture. Without a mask, the image does not look good. (Look very carefully at the left and right edge and you will see an ugly white edge. The mask gets rid of this edge.)
 * The image
 * }

Here is a storyboard created with two stamps to create scenery.

.

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:98%" Creating the blank starter page
 * style="width:55%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Gold; background-color: LightYellow;" rowspan="2"|

The blank frame for the storyboard
A blank storyboard frame can be created as a starter page (which goes into the starters folder in the Tux Paint application. You need to create one PNG picture has a picture and a mask which protects it.  In this case, the frame has a 16 by 9 aspect ration which is the same as for DV video.  Click on this frame to see the original at full size that you can download to your hard drive for use in Tux Paint :

You can also add a background scene (without an alpha channel) to the black storyboard frame. This is a second picture which has the name "-back" added to the file name of the blank storyboard frame. (Yes, this is a bit complicated for a multipage storyboard since you need all the blank frames to have unique file names and all the bankgrounds to have the same nemes with "-back" added to the name.)

 * style="padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em;" |

The mask for the starter page
 * style="width:45%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #abd5f5; background-color:#f1f5fc;" |

White in the mask is the area which will be protected. When the kids draw their storyboards, the lines protected by the white mask are not erased or covered up.
 * White is protected
 * style="padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em;" |
 * style="padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em;" |

Background scenery for the storyboard frame
 * style="width:45%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #abd5f5; background-color:#f1f5fc;" |

For this project, we are designing for a scene size of 800 by 600. That means an actual picture size of 608 by 472 pixels.
 * No mask necessary
 * }

Here is what the final storyboard looks like. In this picture, the scenery is on the starters pages except for the "Star Wars" movie poster which is a stamp.


text:
Mark Newgarden

Mark Newgarden (born August 1, 1959, in Brooklyn, New York) is an American underground cartoonist. His work has appeared widely, and his influential shape-shifting weekly feature Newgarden, which appeared in alternative weekly newspapers like New York Press, created a cult following for the artist.

Newgarden's work has appeared in a diverse array of venues, from the pivotal avant-garde comics album RAW to the New York Times op-ed page. His work has been exhibited at the Smithsonian Institution, the Cooper-Hewitt, the Brooklyn Museum, The Paley Center for Media, and the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London. In 1992 Newgarden was designated as one of Entertainment Weekly ' s annual "Faces to Watch". Newgarden has worked on various TV, film, and multimedia projects over the years for Nickelodeon, the Cartoon Network, Microsoft, Packard Bell, and others.

Newgarden attended New York's School of Visual Arts in the late 1970s/early 1980s, graduating in 1982, where his classmates included fellow cartoonists/illustrators Drew Friedman and Kaz. He came to the attention of one of his teachers, Art Spiegelman, who published him in RAW and brought him, in 1983, as a creative consultant for the Topps Company. Newgarden was part of the team that created the Garbage Pail Kids, and worked on new editions of Wacky Packages as well as scores of other satiric and novelty products.

In 1999 the cartoonist completed writing and directing four episodes of B. Happy, the first of the experimental "Web Premiere Toons" for the Cartoon Network.

His picture history of the practical joke and novelty industry, Cheap Laffs, was published by Harry N. Abrams in 2004; and We All Die Alone, a monograph collection of his comics and stories, was released from Fantagraphics Books in 2006. Bow-Wow Bugs a Bug, a wordless picture story, was published in 2007 by Harcourt.

Newgarden resides with children's illustrator and author Megan Montague Cash in an ex-funeral parlor in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.

title: Mark Newgarden


text:
Alex Higgins (footballer, born 1981)

Alex Higgins (born 22 July 1981) is a former professional and semi-professional football player who last played for Northwich Victoria. He also played for Queens Park Rangers, Chester City, Stalybridge Celtic and Boston United.

He played for Boston United between 2002 and 2003, scoring his first professional goal in the process in an FA Cup defeat to Northampton Town. However he had issues with epilepsy at this time and even collapsed during a game as a result.

title: Alex Higgins (footballer, born 1981)


text:
Talk:Turkish

It looks like there's a confusion in present continous and present tenses. For an example, "I go" is almost never used in the meaning of "I am going" in Turkish. The first is translated as "giderim" and the latter as "gidiyorum". This works as it would in English. But, sometimes a literal tranlation would give a wrong meaning; "I understand" should be translated as "Anladım" (I understood).

Splash Screen
I read somewhere the splash screen isn't a good idea, or that helpful, should we delete it? --Uzbekscholar 06:17, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

some improvements needed
minute details of pronounciation are too intricate and unnecessary to introduce this early. (noone really will understand the difference if you pronounce 'deyil' or 'deghil' and noone really woud attempt to pronounce 'limon' with a back-L) --Dogu 16:40, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The big tidy up
Hey, I've cleaned up to some extent this Wikibook, splitting it into seperate pages, and added a picture. I hope everyone is happy with this and good luck with continuing the book. Serge 00:56, September 8, 2005 (UTC)

Thank You
I'd just like to express my appreciation for those who are working on this book. I am eager for it to be developed further so that I may learn more Turkish. So far, it is well-structured and easy to understand. Keep up the good work! --RealGrouchy 05:12, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

New TOC template
Hi everyone... this is my fist time contributing to a wikibook, though I've been a Wikimedia fan for a while now. Since I'm a novice Turkish speaker, I probably won't contribute to the content as much as I will learn from it; OK so I created this template named Template:TurkishTOC so that links can be easily included on every page to the previous, next, and all other pages. Just add the text at the top of each page (or wherever) for a full TOC that looks like this:

Or add the text at the bottom for a condensed TOC that looks like this:

I guess the table of contents will need to be updated if changes are made to page titles, or if new pages are added, etc. That can be done by editing the template page directly: Template:TurkishTOC. Of course there might be a better way to do this sort of thing, so if someone knows a better system please show us. I think this is a good project and am looking forward to learning from it :)

--Jay McAliley 02:45, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Picture of Mount Olympos
Is the actual Mount Olympos in Turkey? If you look at the corresponding wikipedia article, it says it's in mainland Greece.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Olympos

 * Yes, it is in Greece...
 * There is also an Olmypos in Turkey

Exercises, anyone?
Merhaba! I'm beginning to learn Turkish as my 5th language and I think this Wikibook needs some exercises at the end of each lesson. I'll begin by adding a few. Brandon Johnsonn 16:58, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Turkish


text:
Tägerwilen

Tägerwilen is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

Geography
Tägerwilen has an area,, of 11.52 km2. Of this area, 5.47 km2 or 47.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.31 km2 or 37.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.66 km2 or 14.4% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.04 km2 or 0.3% is either rivers or lakes and 0.06 km2 or 0.5% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 6.4% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 1.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.5%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.8% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 4.6%. Out of the forested land, 35.9% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 44.0% is used for growing crops, while 3.5% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

Demographics
Tägerwilen has a population of. , 30.2% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 11.5%. Most of the population speaks German (90.7%), with Albanian being second most common ( 3.1%) and Italian being third ( 1.6%).

, the gender distribution of the population was 49.0% male and 51.0% female. The population was made up of 1,219 Swiss men (32.6% of the population), and 611 (16.4%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,387 Swiss women (37.1%), and 519 (13.9%) non-Swiss women.

In there were 21 live births to Swiss citizens and 17 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 26 deaths of Swiss citizens and 2 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 5 while the foreign population increased by 15. There was 1 Swiss man, 1 Swiss woman who emigrated from Switzerland to another country, 42 non-Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland to another country and 41 non-Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources) was an increase of 10 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 68 people. This represents a population growth rate of 2.1%.

The age distribution,, in Tägerwilen is; 378 children or 10.0% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 508 teenagers or 13.5% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 430 people or 11.4% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 467 people or 12.4% are between 30 and 39, 741 people or 19.7% are between 40 and 49, and 499 people or 13.3% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 338 people or 9.0% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 262 people or 7.0% are between 70 and 79, there are 110 people or 2.9% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 30 people or 0.8% who are 90 and older.

, there were 1,301 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household. there were 466 single family homes (or 76.5% of the total) out of a total of 609 inhabited buildings. There were 49 two family buildings (8.0%), 27 three family buildings (4.4%) and 67 multi-family buildings (or 11.0%). There were 757 (or 23.1%) persons who were part of a couple without children, and 1,750 (or 53.5%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 220 (or 6.7%) people who lived in single parent home, while there are 14 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 11 persons who lived in a household made up of relatives, 30 who lived in a household made up of unrelated persons, and 92 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing.

The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.12%. , the construction rate of new housing units was 8.2 new units per 1000 residents. there were 1,418 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 4 room apartment of which there were 397. There were 30 single room apartments and 253 apartments with six or more rooms. the average price to rent an average apartment in Tägerwilen was 1063.37 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$850, £480, €680 approx. exchange rate from 2000). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 490.18 CHF (US$390, £220, €310), a two-room apartment was about 760.04 CHF (US$610, £340, €490), a three-room apartment was about 868.16 CHF (US$690, £390, €560) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1868.87 CHF (US$1500, £840, €1200). The average apartment price in Tägerwilen was 95.3% of the national average of 1116 CHF.

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 38.57% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (15.73%), the CVP (15.18%) and the Green Party (11.79%). In the federal election, a total of 948 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 45.4%.

The historical population is given in the following table:

Heritage sites of national significance
Castell Castle is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire Untersee region, which includes Tägerwilen, is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Economy
, Tägerwilen had an unemployment rate of 1.77%. , there were 181 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 35 businesses involved in this sector. 475 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 55 businesses in this sector. 1,230 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 183 businesses in this sector.

there were 2,247 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 997 or about 44.4% of the residents worked outside Tägerwilen while 1,260 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 2,510 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 6.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 51.2% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 935 or 28.6% were Roman Catholic, while 1,626 or 49.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there are 59 individuals (or about 1.80% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 90 individuals (or about 2.75% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There were 5 individuals (or about 0.15% of the population) who were Jewish, and 191 (or about 5.84% of the population) who are Islamic. There are 7 individuals (or about 0.21% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 238 (or about 7.27% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 122 individuals (or about 3.73% of the population) did not answer the question.

Transport
Tägerwilen is served by the St. Gallen S-Bahn at two stations: Tägerwilen-Gottlieben on the Lake Line and Tägerwilen Dorf on the Wil–Kreuzlingen line.

Education
In Tägerwilen about 73.9% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).

Tägerwilen is home to the Tägerwilen primary and secondary school district. In the 2008/2009 school year there were 358 students. There were 78 children in the kindergarten, and the average class size was 15.6 kindergartners. Of the children in kindergarten, 36 or 46.2% were female, 21 or 26.9% were not Swiss citizens and 7 or 9.0% did not speak German natively. The lower and upper primary levels begin at about age 5-6 and last for 6 years. There were 134 children in who were at the lower primary level and 146 children in the upper primary level. The average class size in the primary school was 19.07 students. At the lower primary level, there were 63 children or 47.0% of the total population who were female, 26 or 19.4% were not Swiss citizens and 14 or 10.4% did not speak German natively. In the upper primary level, there were 75 or 51.4% who were female, 24 or 16.4% were not Swiss citizens and 16 or 11.0% did not speak German natively.

At the secondary level, students are divided according to performance. The secondary level begins at about age 12 and usually lasts 3 years. Finally, there were 153 teenagers who were in special or remedial classes, of which 72 or 47.1% were female, 21 or 13.7% were not Swiss citizens and 13 or 8.5% did not speak German natively.

title: Tägerwilen


text:
work zone

Noun

 * 1) An area where work is being done.
 * 2) A segment of road along which road construction is being done.

title: work zone


text:
Ognjen Todorović

Ognjen Todorović (born 24 March 1989) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a left midfielder for OFK Vršac.

He also played for the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team in 2018.

International career
Todorović made his debut for Bosnia and Herzegovina on 28 January 2018 in a friendly match against the USA.

Honours
Sarajevo
 * Bosnian Cup: 2013–14

Zrinjski Mostar
 * Bosnian Premier League: 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18

title: Ognjen Todorović


text:
esteellinen

Adjective

 * 1)  disqualified, challengeable, contestable deemed not to have authority over a case due to having a conflict of interest
 * 2) inaccessible not having unobstructed access for people with reduced mobility
 * 1) inaccessible not having unobstructed access for people with reduced mobility
 * 1) inaccessible not having unobstructed access for people with reduced mobility

Derived terms

 * nouns:

title: esteellinen


text:
Robert Walpole, 5th Earl of Orford

Robert Horace Walpole, 5th Earl of Orford (10 July 1854 – 27 September 1931), was a British peer, Foreign Office diplomat, soldier, and Royal Navy officer.

Background
The son of Commander Hon. Frederick Walpole (1822–1876), R.N., M.P. for North Norfolk (son of Horatio Walpole, 3rd Earl of Orford) and his cousin Laura Sophia Frances Walpole, daughter of Francis Walpole (grandson of Horatio Walpole, 1st Baron Walpole, and nephew of Horatio Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford), Orford succeeded to the earldom on the death of his uncle, on 7 December 1894. He was educated at Eton.

Career
Orford was a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, serving on HMS Blanche on the Australian station in the early 1870s, from where he visited New Zealand, New Guinea, Fiji, and other Pacific Islands. He was later commissioned a Captain, 4th Battalion, Norfolk Regiment. He was part of the Earl of Rosslyn's Special Embassy to the wedding of King Alfonso XII of Spain and Mercedes of Orléans on 9 January 1878, returning 6 February that year. On 10 August 1878, he was attached as private secretary to his cousin Sir Henry Drummond Wolff, H.M. Commissioner to Eastern Rumelia, and served in that same capacity on Wolff's assignment to Egypt in 1885.

He was a Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace.

Personal life
Orford married firstly, 17 May 1888, Louisa (d. 1909), daughter of D. C. Corbin, of New York, United States; they had a son, Horatio Corbin Walpole, who died in 1893 aged two years, and a daughter, the novelist Dorothy (1889–1959). He married secondly, 15 September 1917, Emily Gladys (1891–1988), daughter of Rev. Thomas Henry Royal Oakes, rector of Thurgarton, Norfolk. Their elder daughter, Gladys, died in 1919 aged less than a year; the second daughter, Anne (1919–2019) was a horticulturist, and married firstly, in 1939, Colonel Joseph Eric Palmer (1903–1980), CBE, TD, with whom she had two sons; she married secondly, in 1990, the dendrologist Robert James Berry (1916–2018).

title: Robert Walpole, 5th Earl of Orford


text:
adrenoleukodystrophy

Noun

 * 1)  A degenerative genetic disease in which myelin is lost from nerve cells in the brain

Translations

 * Finnish: adrenoleukodystrofia
 * Italian: adrenoleucodistrofia
 * Portuguese:

title: adrenoleukodystrophy


text:
Portal:Learning Materialsnew/Featured learning resource

Creation of learning materials One goal of Wikiversity is to catalog learning resources and integrate them into the Wikiversity learning system. This can involve both learning materials that exist at other websites and new learning materials that are created at Wikiversity.
 * Interactive learning resources developed for Wikiversity.
 * Creating a lesson plan


text:
Lesnoy, Borovikhinsky Selsoviet, Pervomaysky District, Altai Krai

Lesnoy (Лесной) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Borovikhinsky Selsoviet, Pervomaysky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 35 as of 2013.

Geography
Lesnoy is located 16 km from Novoaltaysk, 20 km from Barnaul.


text:
Miécourt

Miécourt is a village and a former municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. Since January 1, 2009 it is a part of the new municipality La Baroche.

title: Miécourt


text:
Talk:The Vicar of Bray

Opera versus folk song
The traditional English folk song has its own article. Does the stuff from this article about the historical personages and scientific theory belong here in the opera article, or in the song article? --Ssilvers 16:21, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * It's a bit of a mess, actually. This article, The Vicar of Bray, is not solely about the opera, but about the opera, the song, and a theory of evolution. The song article, The Vicar of Bray (song), is mainly just the text of the song plus annotations. I haven't really figured out what to do about it. Marc Shepherd 16:26, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I've sort of co-opted the article to be about the opera, now, and I suggest that most of the stuff about the song be moved to the song's article. Not sure what to do about the historical people section and the scientific theory section.  The song's article needs a good reference to the opera, especially if they are going to share any of the historical stuff.  I'll let you think about it and advise me of your opinion.  --Ssilvers 17:52, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The problem is that the song is far more well known. The opera and film are each different. The original vicar seems to have been earlier than all three. I have turned the article around a bit. --Henrygb 22:08, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

I created a separate article about the opera at The Vicar of Bray (opera). -- Ssilvers 02:25, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

Film version
When, where, under what title? - Jmabel | Talk 20:17, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

1937. See  -- Ssilvers 21:08, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Date of song?
This article doesn't cite any references. When was the song written? When did the song appear in print? A search using Google books finds the song in "The London Magazine, Or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer" published in 1732 - but (frustratingly) only extracts of the book are available online (scanned from a copy at the Uni of Michigan). <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:45, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

 * You might want to discuss this on the talk page for The Vicar of Bray (song), which is the article about the song. -- Ssilvers (talk) 14:44, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

a good word for the Vicar of Bray
Orwell has it in his diaries and I think  Tribune somwehere to say a good word for the Vicar of Bray. I am going from memory but Orwell says it is like planting a walnut, you plant it for your granchildren, and who gives a * about their grandchildren? Really it was a eulogy for Eileen Blair who I think he missed more than he said. About 1944 in the Collected Essays edited by Ian Angus and Sonia Brownell later Sonia Orwell. Orwell might be pleased to know, if he is up there who knows, that I have taken his advice on how to plant An English Rose preferably from Woolworth's at sixpence to the dozen, and I actually lived quite close to Orwell's home in Nortjh Hertfordshire. His cottage "the stores" there does not look so nice now I don't think the owners realised that is where Orwelll lived for about 1936-1939. InWallington, Hertforshire. Si Trew (talk) 09:36, 9 May 2016 (UTC)
 * BUt he is quite right if you get a woolworth's rose it may last you sixty years or more. And his roses are indeed blooming. Poor old sod. Si Trew (talk) 09:46, 9 May 2016 (UTC)

What happened to 'Golden Days'?
You quote 'Golden Time'. Probably an alternative version. But 'Golden Days' is the one the world knows. Valetude (talk) 00:09, 16 May 2018 (UTC)

Waller?
The inclusion of Edmund Waller as a possible subject requires some discussion, as he was not a clergyman. FreddieRainbow (talk) 04:30, 1 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Vicar of Bray