text:
Scooby-Doo and the Ghoul School

Scooby-Doo and the Ghoul School is a 1988 animated comedy horror made-for-television film produced by Hanna-Barbera for syndication as part of the Hanna-Barbera Superstars 10 series.

The film was followed by Scooby-Doo! and the Reluctant Werewolf in 1988, with the five girl ghouls making their return in the OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes episode "Monster Party" in 2018.

Plot
Scooby-Doo, Shaggy, and Scrappy-Doo are on their way to Miss Grimwood's Finishing School for Girls, where they have been hired as gym teachers. However, once there, they find that it is actually a school for daughters of paranormal beings. The pupils include Sibella, the daughter of Count Dracula; Elsa Frankenteen, the daughter of Frankenteen Sr.; Winnie, the daughter of the Wolfman; Phantasma (usually called Phanty for short) the ghostly daughter of a phantom; and Tanis (named after an Egyptian city), the daughter of the Mummy–all inspired by Universal Monsters of the 1930s-40s. Other residents include a disembodied floating white hand; an octopus butler; a two-headed shark that lives in the school's moat; Legs, a spider that helps with the upcoming volleyball match; Miss Grimwood, the headmistress; and her diminutive pet dragon Matches. Frightened by this, Shaggy and Scooby are initially hesitant, but they ultimately agree to stay as gym teachers as the girls take a liking to them.

At the annual volleyball match against the boys of the neighboring Calloway Military Academy, the boys rig the volleyball with a remote control, but Scooby accidentally swallows the remote and allows the girls to win instead.

The girls' fathers come for an open house party on Halloween night. Though Scooby and Shaggy fear being trapped in a house full of ghosts and monsters, the fathers are friendly and polite, and the party is a success. Before leaving, the fathers warn a fearful Shaggy and Scooby not to let any harm come to their daughters, lest they face severe consequences.

A power-hungry witch named Revolta and her minion the Grim Creeper plan to kidnap the girls and make them her slaves. She starts by hypnotizing Shaggy into taking the girls on a field trip to the Barren Bog. Matches wants to come along, but is told to stay. The Calloway Cadets are also at the bog on a hike and get stuck in quicksand, but are saved by Elsa and Tanis. Meanwhile, Revolta's spider bats slowly capture the girls one by one as Revolta makes a potion that will turn them evil forever at the stroke of midnight. Figuring this out, Scooby, Scrappy, Shaggy and Matches, who catches up with them, head for Revolta's castle. Scrappy tries to convince the Cadets to join them, but they refuse, believing that the girls stole the volleyball match. Arriving at the castle, the gang faces an evil Mirror Monster that can change its shape to look like evil versions of those who look at its mirror, a giant Well Dweller, and Revolta herself. When the clock strikes midnight, Revolta gives the girls the potion through hairdryers, which instantly takes effect. However, Scooby and Shaggy interrupt the process and accidentally reverse the potion's effect. Elsa then throws Revolta's wand into the potion, which causes to explode. The Cadets, having felt remorse for treating the girls poorly and respecting them for saving their lives, arrive in a pedal power helicopter and fly everyone to safety as Revolta swears vengeance.

Soon afterward, the Cadets and the Grimwood Girls throw a party celebrating Revolta's defeat and everyone's heroism. Despite being well liked by all their students, Shaggy and Scooby run away in terror when new monsters – such as an alien, the Gill-man and Godzilla – enroll their daughters at the school for the following year. As they leave, they see the girls and Matches waving goodbye. Shaggy, Scooby and Scrappy then give them a last werewolf howl before driving off into the night.

Voice cast

 * Don Messick as Scooby-Doo, Scrappy-Doo, Toad
 * Casey Kasem as Norville "Shaggy" Rogers, Mirror Monster Shaggy
 * Susan Blu as Sibella Dracula
 * Remy Auberjonois as Baxter
 * Hamilton Camp (impersonating Peter Lorre) as Phantom Father
 * Jeff B. Cohen as Grunt
 * Glynis Johns as Ms. Grimwood
 * Zale Kessler as Daddy Dracula, Frankenteen Sr., Vulture #2
 * Ruta Lee as Revolta
 * Aaron Lohr as Miguel
 * Patty Maloney as Tanis
 * Scott Menville as Tug
 * Pat Musick as Elsa Frankenteen
 * Bumper Robinson as Jamal
 * Ronnie Schell as Colonel Calloway
 * Marilyn Schreffler as Winnie
 * Russi Taylor as "Phanty" Phantasma
 * Andre Stojka as The Grim Creeper, Mummy Daddy, Vulture #1
 * Frank Welker as Matches, Papa Werewolf, Well Dweller, Spider Bats, Legs, Two-Headed Shark

Home media
Scooby-Doo and the Ghoul School was first released on VHS by Hanna-Barbera Home Video on October 5, 1989, and later it was released by Warner Home Video on March 6, 2001.

Warner Home Video released Scooby-Doo and the Ghoul School on DVD in Region 1 on June 4, 2002 in honor of the theatrical release of the first live-action Scooby-Doo film later that month. The film has also been released on DVD in Region 2.

A manufacture-on-demand Blu-ray was released as an individual title and as part of the Hanna-Barbera Superstars 10 boxset through Warner Archive Collection on February 20, 2024. The film was remastered in HD.

Legacy
The five girl ghouls made their return in the OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes episode "Monster Party", which was first released online on October 1, 2018, and aired on television October 21, 2018. Though Scooby and Shaggy do not appear, they are briefly referenced. While Russi Taylor (as Phantasma), Susan Blu (as Sibella) and Pat Musick (as Elsa Frankenteen) reprise their roles, Natalie Palamides and Kristen Li (who voiced Buttercup and Bubbles from the 2016 Powerpuff Girls television series) took over for Winnie and Tanis respectively as Marilyn Schreffler had died and Patty Maloney had retired.

Follow-up film
A follow-up film, Scooby-Doo! and the Reluctant Werewolf, was released on November 13, 1988.

title: Scooby-Doo and the Ghoul School


text:
2017–18 Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball team

The 2017–18 Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball team represented Seton Hall University in the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They were led by eighth-year head coach Kevin Willard. The Pirates played their home games at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey and Walsh Gymnasium in South Orange, New Jersey as members of the Big East Conference. They finished the season 22–12, 10–8 in Big East play to finish in a three-way tie for third place. In the Big East tournament, they lost to Butler in the quarterfinals. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as the No. 8 seed in the Midwest region. There they defeated NC State in the first round before losing to Kansas in the second round.

Previous season
The Pirates finished the 2016–17 season 21–12, 10–8 in Big East play to finish in a four-way tie for third place. As the No. 5 seed in the Big East tournament, they defeated Marquette before losing to Villanova in the semifinals. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as a No. 9 seed in the South region where they lost to 8-seeded Arkansas on a controversial flagrant foul call late in the game in the first round.

Returning players
Following the season, junior forward Ángel Delgado declared himself eligible of the NBA draft, but did not hire an agent. On May 22, 2017, he withdrew his name from the draft and announced he would return to Seton Hall for his senior season. Junior guard Khadeen Carringon also announced he would make himself eligible for the NBA draft, but also withdrew his name from the draft to return to the Hall for his senior season.

Preseason
In its annual preseason preview, Blue Ribbon Yearbook ranked Seton Hall No. 15 in the country. Senior forward Ángel Delgado was named a fourth team All-American.

Seton Hall was picked to finish second in the Big East preseason Coaches' Poll. Khadeen Carrington and Angel Delgado were named to the preseason All-Big East First Team.

Schedule and results
!colspan=9 style=| Exhibition

!colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season

!colspan=9 style=| Big East regular season

!colspan=9 style=| Big East tournament

!colspan=9 style=| NCAA tournament

 * Game was suspended with 13:03 left in the 2nd half due to unsafe floor conditions and resumed at noon on February 22 at Alumni Hall.

Rankings
^Coaches did not release a Week 2 poll. * AP does not release post-NCAA tournament rankings

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:When I Consider How My Light is Spent

minor changes
I made some minor changes to conform the text presented here to the Norton Anthology of Poetry, Fourth Edition. They seem to clarify the local meaning of the poem somewhat but other editions of the text differ. So further emendations by a Milton authority might be advisable - even a return to the previous version. Ken M Quirici 12:33, 13 September 2015 (UTC). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kquirici (talk • contribs)

Retitling and additions
I have retitled the page, and added some material, because the title by which we were referring to the poem (On His Blindness) is recognized by all scholars to be inauthentic, and probably quite misleading as regards interpretation. But I don't have good access at the moment to the relevant scholarly works, so I hope other editors can now improve this. seglea (talk) 03:58, 1 January 2016 (UTC)

I have now scrabbled together a few more references to support some statements of obvious facts, but I am not a Milton scholar, and this page badly needs attention from a real expert. seglea (talk) 18:16, 1 January 2016 (UTC)


text:
Podzaymishche

Podzaymishche (Подзаймище) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Trusovsky Selsoviet, Kuryinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 43 as of 2013. There is 1 street.

Geography
Podzaymishche is located on the Kukuyka River, 22 km northeast of Kurya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Trusovo is the nearest rural locality.

title: Podzaymishche


text:
User:Shinniskinni/sandbox

Hotchalugan Day

Hotchalugan Day is on the ninth day of every month. it is a fictional holiday where the Dwelved

title: User:Shinniskinni/sandbox


text:
2000 in Greece

Events in the year 2000 in Greece.

Events

 * 8 February
 * The 2000 presidential election is held. The Hellenic Parliament re-elects Konstantinos Stephanopoulos as President of the Hellenic Republic for a second term.
 * 15 May – Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki becomes the President of the Athens Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games, to became the first woman succeed Panagiotis Thomopoulos.
 * 26 September - The MS Express Samina collided with the Portes Islets rocks in the Bay of Parikia off the coast of the Greek island of Paros, resulting in the death of 81 people.
 * 1 October – At the Closing Ceremony, the Olympic Games are handover from Sydney to Athens and returned back to birthplace where the they will host the next Olympic Games in Athens 2004.

title: 2000 in Greece


text:
User:ErinPapadimitriou/sandbox

Data Preservation is the act of conserving and maintaining both the safety and integrity of data. This is done through formal activities that are governed by policies, regulations and strategies directed towards protecting and prolonging the existence and authenticity of data and it's metadata. Data can be described as the elements or units in which knowledge and information is created, and metadata are the summarizing subsets of the elements of data. Or the data about the data. The main goal of data preservation is to protect data from being lost or destroyed and to contribute to the reuse and progression of the data.

History
Most historical data collected overtime has been lost or destroyed. War and natural disasters combined with the lack of materials and necessary practices to preserve and protect data has caused this. Usually, only the most important data sets were saved, such as government records and statistics, legal contracts and economic transactions. Scientist research and doctoral theses data have mostly been destroyed from improper storage and lack of data preservation awareness and execution. Overtime, data preservation has evolved and has generated importance and awareness. We now have many different ways to preserve data and many different important organizations revolved around doing so.

The first digital data preservation storage solutions appeared in the 1950's, which were usually flat or hierarchically structured. While there were still issues with these solutions, it made storing data much cheaper, and more easily accessible. In the 1970's relational databases as well as spreadsheets appeared. Relational data bases structure data into tables using SQL's or structured query languages which made them more efficient than the preceding storage solutions, and spreadsheets hold high volumes of numeric data which can be applied to these relational databases to produce derivative data. More recently, non-relational (NoSQL) databases have appeared as compliments to these relational databases which hold high volumes of unstructured data.

Importance
The importance of preserving data is vast. When data is lost it is as though it never existed. It is important to realize that data is the building block of everything, it is seen on both small and large scales. Data can be lost in many different ways, whether it be natural disasters, wars, data breaches or just through negligence or decay.

Data can be lost on a small or independent scale whether it's personal data loss, or data loss within businesses and organizations, as well as on a larger or national or global scale which can negatively and potentially permanently affect things such as environmental protection, medial research, homeland security, public health and safety, economic development and culture.

Ways in which data collections can be used when preserved and stored properly can be seen through the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), which stores data collections on natural hazards, natural resources, and landscapes. The data collected by the USGS is used by federal and state land management agencies towards land- use planning and management.

In Contrast
In contrast, data holdings are collections of gathered data that are informally kept and do not prepare for long-term preservation. For example, a collection or back-up of personal files. Data holdings are generally the storage methods used in the past when data has been lost due to environmental and other historical disasters.

Furthemore, data retention differs from data preservation in the sense that by definition, to retain an object [data] is to hold or keep possession or use of the object. To preserve an object is to protect, maintain and keep up for future use.

Thus, data preservation exceeds the concept of having or possessing data or back up copies of data. Data preservation ensures persistent access to data by planning back-up and recovery strategies, preceding the event of a disaster or technological change.

Digital
Digital Preservation, is similar to data preservation, but is mainly concerned with technological threats, and solely digital data. Essentially digital data is a set of formal activities to enable ongoing or persistent use and access of digital data exceeding the occurrence of technological malfunction or change. Digital Preservation is aware of the inevitable change in technology and protocols, and prepares for data will need to be accessible across new types of technologies and platforms while being the integrity of the data and metadata being conserved.

Technology, while providing great process in conserving data that may not have been possible in the past, is also changing at such a quick rate that digital data may not be accessible anymore due to the format being incompatible with new software. Without the use of data preservation much of our existing digital data is at risk.

The majority of methods used towards data preservation today are digital methods, which are so far the most effective methods that exist.

Archives
Archives are a collection of historical documents and records. Archives contribute and work towards the preservation of data by collecting data that is well organized, while providing the appropriate metadata to confirm it. An example of an important data archive is The LONI Image Data Archive, which is an archive that collects data regarding clinical trials and clinical research studies.

Catalogues, Directories and Portals
Catalogues, directories and portals are consolidated resources which are kept by individual institutions, and are associated with data archives and holdings. In other words, the data is not presented on the site, but instead might act as metadata and aggregators, and may administer thorough inventories.

Repositories
Repositories are places where data archives and holdings can be accessed and stored. The goal of repositories is to make sure that all requirements and protocols of archives and holdings are being met, and data is being certified to ensure data integrity and user trust. Single-site Repositories A repository that holds all data sets on a single site. An example of a major single-site repository the Data Archiving and Networking Services (DANS) which is a repository which provides ongoing access to digital reseacrch resources for the Netherlands.

Multi-Site Repositories A repository that hosts data set on multiple institutional sites. An example of a well known multi-site repository is OpenAIRE which is a repository that hosts research data and publications collaborating all of the EU countries and more. OpenAIRE promotes open scholarship and seeks to improves discover-ability and re-usability of data. Trusted Digital Repostitory (TDR) A repository that seeks to provide reliable, trusted access over a long period of time. The repository can be single or multi-sited but must cooperate with the Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System, as well as adhere to a set of rules or attributes that contribute to its trust such as having persistent financial responsibility, organizational buoyancy, administrative responsibility security and safety. An example of a trusted digital repository is The Digital Repository of Ireland (DRI) which is a multi-site repository that hosts Ireland's humanity and social science data sets.

Cyber Infrastructures
Cyber infrastructures which consists of archive collections which are made available through the system of hardware, technologies, software, polices, services and tools. Cyber infrastructures are geared towards the sharing of data supporting peer-to-peer collaborations and a cultural community.

An example of a major cyber-infrastructure is The Canadian Geo-spacial Data Infrastructure which provides access to spacial data in Canada.

References:
1.

2.

3.

4.

Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you? Everything in the article was relevant to the topic of WikiData, nothing is really off topic of distracting.

Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position? The article is pretty neutral it outlines wikidata in a pretty unbiased way, although it does express some concerns with some of the sources of the data.

Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented? The viewpoint that wikidata may be in creditable is the main thing that is represented, however the article is not very detailed. Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article? The links I checked worked and supported the claims of the article.

Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted? The facts in this article are referenced with appropriate and reliable references. The information comes from a variety of different sources, mostly ones with seemingly positive feedback. Only one or two that are focused on the downfalls of Wikidata.

Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added? The information given seems to be up to date, howevere there is much more research that could be done on this topic.

Check out the Talk page of the article. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic? The talk page has a few conversations, mostly regarding the fact that the article needs to be more sufficiently researched and finished

How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects? The article is rated with an Alexa rating, and is not part of any wikiprojects. How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class? We haven't talked about wikidata in class as of yet.

title: User:ErinPapadimitriou/sandbox


text:
Daniel Louw

Daniel Louw is a paralympic athlete from South Africa competing mainly in category T46 sprint events.

Louw competed in the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta. He competed in all three sprints winning a bronze medal in the 200m and finishing fifth in both the 100m and 400m.

title: Daniel Louw


text:
Talk:Béla Lengyel

Complete nonsense
I don't know if it has occurred to you, but nowhere in this article, until perhaps the categories, is it disclosed WHICH SPORT THIS PERSON PLAYS. If you write articles with the presumption that your reader already knows that the subject is an association football player, you have completely missed the point of the encyclopedia - which is, to tell the reader this sort of thing, not leave the reader to work it out from the clues - position, club, etc. There is a lot of egregious nonsense put up on wikipedia, but this junk is award winning. --Tagishsimon (talk) 10:54, 20 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Béla Lengyel


text:
Patania tardalis

Patania tardalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Snellen in 1880. It is found in Indonesia (Sulawesi).

title: Patania tardalis


text:
The Voynich Manuscript/F2r

Transcription, comments, theories, links to do with VMs page f2r to be added here...

Description:
One plant centered on page.

 * Root: left-right symmetrical, planar, looking sort of like headless stick man with outstretched arms and gripping hands. Overpainted with dark color.

 * Stem: short and thin.

 * Branches: two main ones, almost upright, slightly bent. Irregular thickness, awkward shape (cf. top right leaf). Light-clored with a dark vein grossly painted along the middle.

 * Leaves: Dark overpaint, shaped like a triangular fan with five lanceolated fingers.

 * Stalk: medium length, looks like a branch.

 * Flowers: three, on tip of main branch.

 * Stalk: longish, looks like a branch.

 * Chalyx: an oblong oval swelling at end of stalk, partial dark overpaint.

 * Petals: many, narrow and long; the flower looks like a shaving brush.

 * Core: hidden by petals.

Two paragraphs (with 6.4 and 5.4 lines), left- and right-justified: one at the top, slightly narrower, interrupted by three flowers; and one near the bottom, interrupted by two branches.

Comments:
The root looks rather strange, the stems and leaves are somewhat awkward, but the flowers look normal.

Petersen tentative identification is "cyanus segetum, cornflower (caeruleus) (cf 153)". That must be

Centaurea_cyanus (cornflower,fiodaliso;bluet,kornblume)

http://www.runeberg.org/nordflor/7.html

The flower shape and branching pattern seem to match fairly well. However, those features are not very specific. [What about color?] Also, the leaves of Centaurea cyanus are long and thin, with smooth edges or a few very shallow teeth, attached directly to the stem; quite unlike those of f2r.

Infusions of Centaurea cyanus were once used as a febrifugue (whole plant) and eye wash (flowers only).

References:
[1] Claude Martin http://www.voynich.info/3_deciphered_text_selection/3_1_folio_f2r/3_1_1_f2r_line_p1.html

title: The Voynich Manuscript/F2r


text:
File:ArtRage2SkinColor.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to draw thumbnail storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:ArtRage2SkinColor.jpg


text:
File:OTS74degreeFrameForge.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to create 3D storyboards. Over The Shoulder Shot using a 74 degree field of view lens in FrameForge 3D Studio 2 Demo Version

title: File:OTS74degreeFrameForge.jpg


text:
User:Faton.berisha

Faton Berisha, Professor of mathematics at University of Pristina and vice-rector of the University for the period 2016-2020

title: User:Faton.berisha


text:
Tikove Piira

Tikove Piira (born 1 April 2000) is a sprinter competing for the Cook Islands. He competed in the men's 100 metres event at the 2019 World Athletics Championships in Doha, Qatar. He competed in the preliminary round and he did not advance to compete in the heats.

Piira is from Pukapuka and was educated at Tereora College. He works as a police officer.

title: Tikove Piira


text:
Talk:Dickson Etuhu

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Dickson Etuhu. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120805234708/http://www.fulhamfc.com/Club/News/NewsArticles/2012/August/PlayerDepartures.aspx to http://www.fulhamfc.com/Club/News/NewsArticles/2012/August/PlayerDepartures.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141223132601/http://www.aikfotboll.se/Article.aspx?contentID=8985 to http://www.aikfotboll.se/Article.aspx?contentID=8985

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:06, 10 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dickson Etuhu


text:
Senator Mills (disambiguation)

Roger Q. Mills (1832–1911) was a U.S. Senator from 1892 to 1899. Senator Mills may also refer to:

 * Edgar G. Mills (1860–?), Wisconsin State Senate
 * Elijah H. Mills (1776–1829), Massachusetts
 * Fred Mills (politician) (born 1955), Louisiana State Senate
 * George D. Mills (1898–1948), Illinois State Senate
 * John Mills (Massachusetts politician) (1787–1861), Massachusetts State Senate
 * Morris Mills (born 1929), Indiana State Senate
 * Ogden L. Mills (1884–1937), New York State Senate
 * Peter Mills (American politician) (born 1943), Maine
 * Robby Mills (born 1967), Kentucky State Senate
 * Roger H. Mills (1813–1881), Connecticut State Senate
 * Simeon Mills (1810–1895), Wisconsin State Senate
 * Thomas Brooks Mills (1857–1930), Wisconsin State Senate
 * William J. Mills (1849–1915), Connecticut State Senate

title: Senator Mills (disambiguation)


text:
Java Swings/Overview

Swing is a tool kit in Java which provides a way to build cross platform user interfaces. It is built on top of and designed as a replacement for AWT, the other UI toolkit built into Java. SWT is a third toolkit you may hear about. SWT is an open source toolkit and is a full topic in of itself, see SWT's Homepage for more information.

Overview
Swing provides many controls and widgets to build user interfaces with. Swing class names typically begin with a J such as,  ,. This is mainly to differentiate them from their AWT counterparts and in general are one-to-one replacements. Swing is built on the concept of Lightweight components vs AWT and SWT's concept of Heavyweight components. The difference between the two is that the Lightweight components are rendered (drawn) using purely Java code, such as drawLine and drawImage, whereas Heavyweight components use the native operating system to render the components.

Some components in Swing are actually heavyweight components. The top-level classes and any derived from them are heavyweight as they extend the AWT versions. This is needed because at the root of the UI, the parent windows need to be provided by the OS. These top-level classes include,  ,   and. All Swing components to be rendered to the screen must be able to trace their way to a root window or one of those classes.

So what does using Swing get you? So far we've only talked about components and rendering. Well, to start with you get the following.
 * Controls: Buttons, Check Boxes, Lists, Trees, Tables, Combo boxes (dropdown list), Menus, Text fields
 * Displays: Labels, Progress bars, Icons, Tool Tips
 * Pluggable look and feels (PLAFs): Windows, CDE/Motif, Mac. Allows for "skinning" the application without changing any code

 * Standard Top-Level Windows: Windows, Frames, Dialogs etc.
 * Event Listener APIs
 * Key bindings & mnemonics: Allow keystrokes to map to specific actions.

title: Java Swings/Overview


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/American Bomber

The result was Delete. --MelanieN (talk) 03:27, 16 February 2015 (UTC)

American Bomber

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

non-notable per WP:BK no independent refs given, could not find reviews by independent reviewers Deunanknute (talk) 23:29, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of United States of America-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:48, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Film-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:48, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Delete per WP:GNG since there appears to be no significant coverage from reliable sources about this topic. Erik (talk | contrib) (ping me) 18:00, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * filmmaker:
 * producer:
 * actor:

 * Delete for failure of WP:NF.  Schmidt,  Michael Q. 10:02, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete. No hint of notability. --Hobbes Goodyear (talk) 22:48, 14 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Cliona Manahan

Cliona Manahan has been the Irish Ambassador to the Czech Republic and the Ukraine since September 2019. From 2014 until 2019, she was Ambassador of Ireland to Denmark and Iceland and was Consul General of Ireland to Scotland.

Manahan graduated from Trinity College Dublin, earning a BA in Legal Science.

Manahan is married to Christopher Mark Leslie, son of Desmond Leslie, and they have two children: Luke Daniel Leslie (b. 1987) and Leah Leslie (b. 1992).

title: Cliona Manahan


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dave Andrews (activist)

The result was withdrawn. If the sources do go into depth on the author, we could potentially build an article on the subject, but I remain skeptical without seeing the full text. It wholly depends on whether the coverage is local/minor (passing mentions) or goes into depth on his life. Someone else can pursue this as they please. czar 20:29, 25 September 2017 (UTC)

Dave Andrews (activist)

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

A host of issues. This bio is a Christian activist and speaker, but for purposes of disambiguation, perhaps a writer foremost. The article is currently sourced entirely to primary (affiliated) sources, such as self-supplied author bios to websites/conferences (the patently unreliable sections have already been removed). There does not appear to be significant coverage in multiple reliable, independent sources (?) with which to write an article that does justice to the topic. Of his many books, reliable reviews are not forthcoming, and his activism work does not appear to have been profiled in reliable sources. Andrews has appeared as a guest on multiple broadcasts, but for topical interest and not with sustained interest in his life/career. There are no suitable redirect targets. czar 18:15, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Authors-related deletion discussions.  czar  18:15, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Christianity-related deletion discussions.  czar  18:15, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletion discussions.  czar  18:15, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Keep, available sourcing meets WP:GNG. User talk:Czar, I started my evaluation by looking at the edit record and saw your diligent removal of a mass of unreliably-sourced material; while I didn't take a close look at your edit, I admire any editor willing to do the heavy-lifting of deleting a mass of badly-sourced material from a long-standing WP:BIO.   My next step was to run a quick gNews search.  Obviously he has a hopelessly common name, so I searched "Dave Andrews" + Christian and all  this came up .  Right on the first page of the search there's a Q & A in the  Sydney Morning Herald, "Lunch with Dave Andrews" Jihad for Jesus," .  Since he has been an activist for 40 years, my next step was a proquest archives search, also on "Dave Andrews" + Christian.  245 results, which is a lot for an activist, minor writer, and Right on the first page there were "Queensland Christian leader calls for end to Muslim hate; A Queensland Christian leader is encouraging the public to say G'day to Muslims and to accept their faith as a sign of solidarity.", ABC,  - a detailed article about his work; and "Across a Violent Divide", in The Australian, a long profile and analysis of Andrews' 2015 book "The Jihad Of Jesus - The Sacred Nonviolent Struggle For Justice" .   So I searched gNews for "The Jihad Of Jesus - The Sacred Nonviolent Struggle For Justice", and got,  well, not a lot of hits, but some, .  Summing up, he's hardly in a league with Dorothy Day, but there does seem to be quite a lot of coverage.  Maybe just tag it for improvement and keep.E.M.Gregory (talk) 20:33, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I did Google News searches too, but beyond that SMH and possibly ABC, it's all local news or cursory treatments: and at the very least not significant coverage. My PQ access is down and I don't know when it'll be back up., would you please  those ProQuest texts?  czar  21:14, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Here's the ABC piece ; and from The Australian: .E.M.Gregory (talk) 21:33, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I just tried a different keyword on Proquest (to make sure I really was seeing enough, given that you also tried and didn't find), this time I used "Dave Andrews" + India + Australia, places the articles I mentioned above said that he has worked. Up came: Evening Post More than a neighborly nod, PENNINGTON, Phil. Evening Post; Wellington, New Zealand [Wellington, New Zealand]06 Aug 1996: 5. , a profile describing him as "one of Australia's foremost practitioners of community development, but passionate. ".   Faiths share goal of understanding, Passmore, Daryl. The Sunday Mail; Brisbane, Qld. [Brisbane, Qld]20 Apr 2008: 38. , an article about how Andrews helped an Afghan family immigrate to Australia and settle in.  He's described as "a radical Christian leader...  A community worker whose emphasis on practical spirituality over organised religion has often put him at odds with the church, Mr Andrews lives and works among some of Brisbane's most marginalised people in the inner-city suburb of West End -- indigenous people, drug-users, ex-prisoners and those with mental illness -- attempting to live, rather than merely preach, Jesus's teachings."  The article has more on him.  And there seem to be more , similar articles.  Looks like he's been getting this kind of feature coverage for years, but you have to get lucky with the keywords your type in.E.M.Gregory (talk) 21:43, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Going on your word, that's probably enough to write an article, but would you please share the full text with me so I can take a look (perhaps or temporary dropbox)?  czar  17:02, 20 September 2017 (UTC), ping  czar  14:22, 24 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Note that article can be expanded with info found at a gBooks search on "Dave andrews" + "christian anarchist", here: .   Page should probably be moved to Dave Andrews (activist) because he is far better known for his social activism, than for his books.E.M.Gregory (talk) 22:45, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Agreed, now that we have sources for his activism czar  17:02, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Keep -- Some of the earlier books are with mainline Christian publishers. I am less familiar with the publishers of later works, but the amount is sufficient to warrant having a WP bio.  Peterkingiron (talk) 11:12, 24 September 2017 (UTC)
 * If so, where are the reviews? czar  20:28, 25 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
Ellen Kyle Noel

Ellen Kyle Noel pseud. Mrs. J.V. Noel. (22 December 1815 – 20 June 1873), was an Irish Canadian writer who published a number of novels through journals and serialization.

Early life and education
Born Ellen Kyle in 1815 to Christopher Kyle and an Anglican family in Ireland. Noel emigrated to Ontario, Canada, settling in Kingston where she met John le Vavasour Noel and they married in 1833. Noel ran a seminary for women in Savannah, Georgia, in the United States from about 1836 to 1847. While in the US the family name changed slightly to Vavasour. The couple returned to Kingston in 1847. They had seven children, one of whom, also Ellen, was also a writer. Noel wrote stories and serialized novels in periodicals based in Montreal and Toronto using the name Mrs JV Noel. Her work appeared in the Canadian Illustrated News and the Saturday Reader. Noel died of liver cancer in 1873.

title: Ellen Kyle Noel


text:
2017 Tiburon Challenger – Doubles

Matt Reid and John-Patrick Smith were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

André Göransson and Florian Lakat won the title after defeating Marcelo Arévalo and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela 6–4, 6–4 in the final.

Seeds
• # Marcelo Arévalo / 🇲🇽 Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela (final)

• # 🇬🇧 Luke Bambridge / 🇮🇪 David O'Hare (semifinals)

• # 🇬🇧 Brydan Klein / 🇬🇧 Joe Salisbury (quarterfinals)

• # Miķelis Lībietis / 🇸🇪 Andreas Siljeström (quarterfinals)

title: 2017 Tiburon Challenger – Doubles


text:
Nitre and Mining Bureau

The Confederate Nitre and Mining Bureau was a civilian government bureau to provide the Confederate States of America with needed materials such as copper, iron, lead, saltpeter, sulfur, zinc, and other metals. The Bureau oversaw civilian contracts and offered advice, instruction and guidance in the production of these materials. The Nitre and Mining Bureau was also known as the "CSNMB", the "Bureau of Nitre" or the "Nitre Bureau". The Niter and Mining Corps was the military division of the Bureau. The Nitre and Mining Bureau was part of the Confederate Ordnance Department, under the supervision of General Josiah Gorgas. The Nitre and Mining Bureau was supervised by General Isaac M. St. John. The Central Ordinance Laboratory was headed by John Mallet.

Personnel
The Act establishing the Nitre and Mining Bureau by the Confederate Congress stated: "That said bureau shall consist of one lieutenant colonel as superintendent, three majors as assistant superintendents, six captains and ten lieutenants, in which shall be included the officers of the present nitre corps, who shall have the same pay and allowances prescribed for officers of cavalry of the same grades." General Isaac M. St. John was subsequently made the superintendent of the bureau. Other individuals involved with or associated with the Nitre and Mining Bureau included: George Washington Helme, Joseph LeConte, Nathaniel Thomas Lupton, Richard Sears McCulloh and Thomas Edgeworth Courtenay.

Saltpeter
The Nitre and Mining Bureau is most known for their production of saltpeter (potassium nitrate) for the Confederacy. Because of the blockade of Southern ports, imported supplies of gunpowder and materials were kept away from the Confederacy, and had to be supplied within their own borders. Priority was given to the manufacture of gunpowder. The Secretary of War for the Confederate States said: "That Military commanders are directed and officers of the Niter Bureau are authorized to seize niter in the hands of private individuals who either decline to sell it or ask more than 50 cents per pound for it.... All quartermasters are directed to give precedence in transportation to niter over all other Government stores. Richmond, April 15, 1862."

Civilian production of saltpeter was encouraged by small farm holders, tobacco and livestock owners, from cave dirt and other resources.

Barn dirt
Several pamphlets were printed by the Confederate Nitre and Mining Bureau to explain how loose dirt from ricks, smoke houses, barns and tobacco curing buildings could be treated to extract the nitrates.

Cave dirt
Cave dirt was mined to produce calcium nitrate, which would be combined with potash to create potassium nitrate, a needed ingredient of gunpowder. Lookout Mountain Caverns, the Morrell Cave in Sullivan County, Tennessee, Nickajack Cave, Organ Cave and Selma, Alabama's limestone caves all supplied nitrates for the Nitre and Mining Bureau.

Nitre beds
Joseph LeConte, a professor of chemistry and geology at South Carolina University, wrote a pamphlet for the Nitre Bureau on the process for the manufacture of saltpeter in 1862. Nitre beds were constructed of a clay floor, well rammed, that was impervious to water, but with a drain to remove the fluids. Then black earth was added to a raised bed over this floor, made of dark manure. Twigs, leaves and other elements were added to create air passages and porosity through the dirt. A shed would be built around and over the heap to protect it from wind and rain. "The heap is watered every week with the richest kinds of liquid manure, such as urine, dung-water, water of privies, cess-pools, drains, &c." As the heap ripens, the saltpeter is brought to the surface.

Night soil
Desperate for saltpeter necessary for the making of gunpowder, the Confederacy sent out agents around the South to collect deposits of "night soil", i.e. human excrement. John Haralson, an agent in Selma, Alabama of the Confederate Nitre and Mining Bureau, advertised the following in the local paper: "The ladies of Selma are respectfully requested to preserve the chamber lye [i.e. urine] collected about their premises for the purpose of making nitre. A barrel will be sent around daily to collect it."

Gunpowder works
The Confederate Powderworks in Augusta, Georgia, was used to manufacture gunpowder from the saltpeter, charcoal and sulfur produced by the Confederate Nitre and Mining Bureau.

Iron production
The Nitre and Mining Bureau was responsible for the mining, refining and production of iron.

Because the production of iron was so important, the Bureau sent out information on the need to enforce the existing contracts with civilian companies and individuals.

Lead, silver and zinc production
Lead and zinc were needed by the Confederate War Department for the manufacture of weapons and ammunition.

Some of the lead and zinc was mined in Arkansas and Missouri. "At the outbreak of the war, Confederate troops seized the rich Granby lead mines of southwest Missouri, then touted as able to provide all the lead needed for the Confederate cause. In 1861, 75,000 pounds of pig lead a month were being hauled overland to Van Buren (Crawford County), to be shipped to the Memphis, Tennessee, ordnance works. The loss of Missouri to the Union following the Battle of Pea Ridge in Arkansas effectively meant losing this important war materiel source. The Confederate Nitre and Mining Bureau mined lead and saltpeter (an ingredient in gunpowder) in Newton, Marion, Pulaski, and Sevier counties. However, these operations proved too close to enemy lines and were soon abandoned for more secure sources in Texas."

Lead was also mined in North Carolina. The silver had to be separated from the lead ores, which was an expensive process. The Nitre and mining Bureau took over the Silver Hill, North Carolina mines production. "In the opening stages of the war, geologists and government agents underscored the value and scope of Silver Hill's lead deposits, initially renting Mines for six hundred dollars per month. Outside a well known mine in Wytheville, Silver Hill was the only other large-quantity mine in the southeast, and, with its machinery and facilities already in place, it made an important acquisition for the new government."

Lead was also mined in Wytheville, Virginia, operated by the Union Lead Company. This lead mine supplied one fourth to one third of the lead used by the Confederate States, and was a principal target of the Wytheville Raid.

The Nitre and Mining Bureau also looked for "lost silver mines" near Camden, Arkansas. These legends dated from the early years of the state, but the Confederacy was desperate enough to try to find these legendary mines.

Publications

 * Confederate States of America. A Bill to Establish a Nitre and Mining Bureau. [Richmond]: [publisher not identified], 1863. OCLC: 19659275.
 * Confederate States of America. Nitre and Mining Bureau. Message of the President ... Feb. 15, 1865 and Communication From Secretary of War Transmitting a Report From the Chief of the Nitre And Mining Bureau. Richmond, 1865. "Iron Industry and Trade." "Information ... relative to the number of iron furnaces and forges worked by agents of the government or by contractors, during the year 1864, and to the cost per ton of the several kinds of iron furnished by them."
 * Confederate States of America. General Orders. [Amendment to General Orders, No. 72 of 1962 Pertaining to Certificates of Disability and Regulations Authorizing the Superintendent of the Nitre and Mining Bureau to Enforce Existing Contracts of the Government in Iron, Lead and Other Munitions] No. 14 No. 14. Richmond: The Office, 1863.
 * Confederate States of America. 1863. Nitre and Mining Bureau.. Circular C. S. War Department, Nitre and Mining Bureau, Richmond, Dec. 1, 1863..
 * Confederate States of America, Nathaniel A. Pratt, and B. A. Stovall. Nitre and Mining Bureau, 2nd District Letter Book. 1864. Abstract: The collection consists of a letter book of official correspondence for the 2nd District (South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama) of the Nitre and Mining Bureau of the Confederate States of America from October 1864 - April 1865. The correspondence, invoices, receipts, and accounts document the activities of the Bureau and contain information regarding a fire (October 1864) that destroyed the Bureau's Augusta (Ga.) headquarters and the ensuing problems re-establishing the laboratory, shipments received and sent, problems obtaining equipment and supplies, and chemical experiments with nitre and potash. The letter book also contains some descriptions of Confederate and Union troop movements, battles, and actions of the Confederate government. Most of the correspondence was written by either Nathaniel A. Pratt or Capt. B.A. Stovall. OCLC: 38476479.
 * Confederate States of America, and Samuel Cooper. General Orders. [Regulations Pertaining to Assignments and Military Orders for Nitre and Mining Corps] No. 18 No. 18. Richmond: s.n, 1864.
 * Gorsuch, R. B., and William Richardson Hunt. [Facts Bearing Upon the Production of Pig-Metal in the Blast-Furnace, and Upon the Process of Re-Melting It in the Cupelo]. [Selma, Ala.]: [publisher not identified], 1863.
 * Leconte, Joseph. 1862. "Instructions for the Manufacture of Saltpetre." 14 pages. Columbia, S.C. Charles P. Pelham, State Printer. 1862. "Published by authority of the executive council under direction of Col. James Chestnut Jr., chief of Military Department." " This pamphlet is issued with the view of supplying information to those who may be inclined to engage in the production of saltpetre. As the refinement will require a process much more difficult and expensive, the State will undertake that. Private enterprise can thus readily furnish the crude material, which the State will purchase at a fair price, and prepare for all the uses required."

title: Nitre and Mining Bureau


text:
Olivier Dall'Oglio

Olivier Dall'Oglio (born 16 May 1964) is a French former professional footballer and current manager who played as a defender. He is the head coach of Ligue 2 side Saint-Étienne.

Early life
Dall'Oglio was born in Alès, Gard.

Managerial career
On 1 June 2012, Dall'Oglio was named manager of Dijon. He later moved to Brest, before joining Montpellier in June 2021.

title: Olivier Dall'Oglio


text:
Talk:Derrick Brooks

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot (talk) 18:43, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

Brooks listed on NFL Top 100
Derrick Brooks was ranked #97 on the NFL Channel's The Top 100 Greatest Players. (2010). Cjstanonis (talk) 23:27, 25 September 2010 (UTC)

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text:
Saint Hill

Saint Hill may refer to:

 * Saint Hill Green, a village near East Grinstead, Sussex, England
 * Saint Hill Manor, a 1792 building, which had several notable owners, and now is the head office for the UK branch of the Church of Scientology

title: Saint Hill


text:
Talk:Abdul Buhari

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title: Talk:Abdul Buhari


text:
Talk:US History/European History

It looks to me like the changes made by <IP_ADDRESS> on 2 Apr 2004 should be reverted. I'm new to this so I'll let this discussion point sit a while. If I remember to come back, I'll probably revert it. -liblamb 4 July 2004.

Yeah, pretty safe bet when there's a line inserted about reptillian aliens you should revert it. :) Done! Oh, I see you're talking about an earlier instance of vandalism. Crazy vandals, sacking the book... -AndreaC April 1 2005

European exploration in 1000 BC?
There's a phrase that states "...archaeologists discovered remains at La'Anse aux Meadows dating back to about 1000 BC." I was just curious as to whether or not that is supposed to be AD/BCE. I myself don't really know, but it doesn't make sense with the rest of the section if the remains dated from ~2000 years before the Vikings reached North America.

Move to delete
This section is unnecessary and I think it should be deleted Geo.plrd (talk) 17:04, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

Myth of Filth
Whoever compiled this history had a lot of myths in the tuckerbag. The Middle Ages were in some ways cleaner than, say, the 18th century. They had bath houses, they had laws against food adulteration or serving rotten flesh, and chamber pots were dumped in cesspits, not in the public street. I wish the author had relied on actual histories, and not on a "gross history" book. Pittsburgh Poet (discuss • contribs) 20:35, 19 March 2014 (UTC)

Bloody Vikings! I'd like permission . ..
May I move some material on the Viking exploration to the later section on Exploration? While there is much room in cyberspace, redundancy is bad. Pittsburgh Poet (discuss • contribs) 19:08, 26 March 2014 (UTC)

May I change a section?
A query to the powers that be: may I submerge the current sections about Portugal and the Hundred Years War in a new section about the rise of nation states? Though the topic seems needlessly determinist, it is broader than the current headings, and more fitting for a history of an America settled by contending nations. Pittsburgh Poet (discuss • contribs) 11:51, 6 April 2014 (UTC)

More maps?
We are talking about more than a thousand years, with many political changes. Could someone bring in more maps? It would be nice to have one of the Holy Roman Empire at its medieval height, one of the movements of Irish monks, and a third of the incursions of Islam in Europe. Pittsburgh Poet (discuss • contribs) 21:38, 9 April 2014 (UTC)

Must there be "The New World"?
Some of the material in this section can be put in other sections. Columbus is treated in the very next chapter. May I eliminate this section? Pittsburgh Poet (discuss • contribs) 22:05, 19 April 2014 (UTC)

Spain
I am ignorant on this topic. Can anybody write something for here? Pittsburgh Poet (discuss • contribs) 19:34, 17 May 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:US History/European History


text:
Holger

Etymology
From, from , from (see ) +.

Usage notes

 * Made famous by the legendary Danish hero Holger Danske.

Related terms

 * (surnames)

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From. Revived in the 19th century.

title: Holger


text:
Frank Hammill

Frank Hammill (December 23, 1857 – February 18, 1922) was an American farmer, railroad engineer, and politician.

Biography
Born in Parma, Michigan, Hammill worked for the Michigan Central Railroad and then for the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway. Hammill, his wife, and family lived in Cable, Wisconsin, where he also farmed and grew fruit berries. In 1902, Hammill and his wife moved to Spooner, Wisconsin. Hammill bought two Spooner newspapers and consolidated into the Spooner Advocate and was the editor and publisher. In 1903, Hammill was elected president of the Village of Spooner and was a Republican. In 1909, Hammill served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. From 1910 until 1918, Hammill served as mayor of Spooner, when the village became a city. Hammill died in Spooner, Wisconsin.

title: Frank Hammill


text:
FBI (TV series)

FBI is an American police procedural television series created by Dick Wolf and Craig Turk that premiered on CBS on September 25, 2018. The series is produced by Wolf Entertainment, CBS Studios, and Universal Television, with Dick Wolf, Arthur W. Forney, Peter Jankowski, and Turk serving as executive producers.

The series features an ensemble cast including Missy Peregrym, Zeeko Zaki, Jeremy Sisto, Ebonée Noel, Sela Ward, Alana de la Garza, John Boyd and Katherine Renee Turner. FBI received a straight-to-series commission for 13 episodes on September20, 2017. In May 2020, CBS renewed the series for a third season. The third season premiered on November 17, 2020. In March 2021, CBS renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on September21, 2021. In May 2022, CBS renewed the series for a fifth and sixth season; the fifth season premiered on September20, 2022, and the sixth season premiered on February13, 2024. The sixth season premier was delayed from September 2023 due to the WGA and SAG-AFTRA strikes. For the same reason, there will be just 13 episodes in the sixth season. In April 2024, the series was renewed through season nine, ensuring its spot on the air until 2027. The seventh season is set to premiere on October 15, 2024.

Premise
The series centers on inner workings of the New York City field office criminal division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), bringing to bear all their talents, intellect, and technical expertise on major cases in order to keep New York and the country safe. Born into a multi-generational law enforcement family, Special Agent Maggie Bell commits deeply to the people she works with as well as those she protects. Her partner is Special Agent Omar Adom "O.A." Zidan, a West Point graduate from Queens who spent two years undercover for the DEA before being cherry-picked by the FBI. Overseeing them is Special Agent-in-Charge Dana Mosier. The team also includes Assistant Special Agent in Charge Jubal Valentine, the nerve center of the office whose ability to easily relate to and engage with both superiors and subordinates makes him a master motivator. Kristen Chazal is a brilliant analyst recruited straight out of college who can piece together the big picture faster than anyone. These first-class agents tenaciously investigate cases including terrorism, organized crime, and counterintelligence.

Starting in season two, Stuart Scola, a former worker at a financial company for 7 years-turned-Special Agent joins the team and is partnered with Kristen, who transitions into field work at the same time. Also, Isobel Castille takes Mosier's place as team supervisor following the latter's retirement. At the start of season 3, Kristen transfers to Dallas, Texas, and is replaced by Tiffany Wallace, a former New York Police Department officer and White Collar Division Special Agent.

Main

 * Missy Peregrym as Maggie Bell, FBI Special Agent. She is the de facto agent in charge of the team while out in the field.
 * Zeeko Zaki as Omar Adom "OA" Zidan, FBI Special Agent and Maggie's partner, West Point graduate, and a retired Army Ranger
 * Jeremy Sisto as Jubal Valentine, FBI Assistant Special Agent In Charge (ASAC), who runs the office's fusion center.
 * Ebonée Noel as Kristen Chazal (seasons 1–2), FBI Special Agent and an Intelligence Analyst.
 * Sela Ward as Special Agent in Charge (SAC) Dana Mosier (season 1), Solberg's replacement as the team's supervisor.
 * Alana de la Garza as Special Agent in Charge (SAC) Isobel Castille (season 2–present; guest season 1), Mosier's replacement as the team's supervisor.
 * John Boyd as Stuart Scola (season 2–present), FBI Special Agent and Kristen's, and later, Tiffany's field partner. He was a stock broker prior to joining the FBI.
 * Katherine Renee Kane as Tiffany Wallace (season 3–present), FBI Special Agent and a former NYPD officer and White Collar Division agent. She is Kristen's replacement.

Recurring

 * Derek Hedlund as Special Agent JT (seasons 1–2), an FBI Special Agent who frequently worked in the field with OA and Maggie.
 * James Chen as Ian Lim, an FBI Technical Analyst.
 * Thomas Phillip O'Neil as Dr. Neil Mosbach, an FBI Medical Examiner.
 * Carmen Lamar Gonzalez as Carla Flores, an FBI bomb disposal expert
 * Rodney Richardson as Ray Stapleton (season 1), an FBI Forensic Technician.
 * Nina Lisandrello as Eve Nettles (season 1), an FBI Forensic Technician.
 * Taylor Anthony Miller as Kelly Moran (season 2–present), an FBI Analyst.
 * Roshawn Franklin as Trevor Hobbs (seasons 2–6), an FBI Special Agent and an Intelligence Analyst.
 * Vedette Lim as Elise Taylor (season 2–present), an FBI intelligence analyst.
 * Catherine Haena Kim as Emily Ryder (season 2), an FBI Special Agent who temporarily fills in for Kristen when she is injured in the line of duty.
 * Josh Segarra as Nestor Vertiz (season 3), an FBI Supervisory Special Agent who worked on an undercover operation with Maggie and dated her before she ended their relationship in the FBI Season 3 episode, "Uncovered". He is also in charge of the Gang Unit.
 * David Zayas as Antonio Vargas (seasons 3–4), the most notorious drug lord in the world and leader of the Durango Cartel.
 * Kathleen Munroe as Rina Trenholm (seasons 3–4), FBI's Assistant Director in charge of the New York Field Office. After the events of the FBI Season 3 finale episode, "Straight Flush", she becomes the new FBI Assistant Director and also enters into a relationship with FBI Assistant Special Agent in Charge Jubal Valentine. She is shot and left wounded during the FBI Season 4 episode, "Unfinished Business" and even though she survives, she suffers a brain haemorrhage which occurred during a surgery. It's soon revealed that the attack on her was carried out on the orders of drug lord, Antonio Vargas who is seeking revenge against the FBI for the deaths of his wife and young son. Rina later dies off-screen a day prior to the FBI Season 4 episode, "Grief" due to her parents who also had the power of medical attorney over her opting to have her life support switched off with Jubal being left devastated by her death.
 * Piter Marek as Rashid Bashir (season 4), FBI Special Agent In Charge of Counterterrorism.
 * Shantel VanSanten as Nina Chase (seasons 4–5), an FBI Special Agent who temporarily fills in for Maggie after she is exposed to sarin gas in the line of duty. She is also an undercover agent and as of FBI Season 5, is in a relationship with fellow FBI agent Stuart Scola and pregnant with their unborn son.
 * Mara Davi (seasons 1–5) as Samantha Kelton, Jubal Valentine's ex-wife.

Special guest stars

 * Connie Nielsen as Special Agent in Charge (SAC) Ellen Solberg ("Pilot"), the team's initial supervisor.
 * Billy Burke as Rowan Quinn, an FBI Supervisory Special Agent and undercover trainer who trained OA on undercover assignments. He was also FBI Special Agent Maggie Bell's UC instructor during her time at Quantico.
 * R. Ward Duffy as John Van Leer, FBI Deputy Director.

Crossover characters

 * Julian McMahon as Jess LaCroix, FBI Supervisory Special Agent (SSA) and Team leader of the Fugitive Task Force (FBI: Most Wanted). Has a history with FBI Assistant Special Agent in Charge Jubal Valentine, the two having previously worked together.
 * Kellan Lutz as Kenny Crosby, FBI Special Agent in the Fugitive Task Force (FBI: Most Wanted).
 * Roxy Sternberg as Sheryll Barnes, FBI Special Agent and second in command of the Fugitive Task Force (FBI: Most Wanted).
 * Keisha Castle-Hughes as Hana Gibson, FBI Special Agent and Technical Analyst assigned to the Fugitive Task Force (FBI: Most Wanted).
 * Nathaniel Arcand as Clinton Skye (season 1), FBI Special Agent assigned to the Fugitive Task Force as well as Jess LaCroix's brother in law and the uncle of Tali, Jess's daughter (FBI: Most Wanted).
 * YaYa Gosselin as Tali Skye LaCroix, the daughter of Jess LaCroix (FBI: Most Wanted).
 * Tracy Spiridakos as Detective Hailey Upton (season 2), a member of the Intelligence Unit for the Chicago Police Department (Chicago P.D.) who temporarily joins the NY field office for an interagency training program. She is OA's partner while she is on the show due to Maggie being off on an undercover assignment which was written to fit in with Peregrym's maternity leave in season 2.
 * Luke Kleintank as Scott Forrester, FBI Supervisory Special Agent who is head of the FBI's International Fly Team for the FBI (FBI: International).
 * Heida Reed as Jamie Kellet, FBI Special Agent and second in command of the FBI's International Fly Team. (FBI: International).
 * Carter Redwood as Andre Raines, FBI Special Agent and a member of the FBI's International Fly Team. (FBI: International).
 * Vinessa Vidotto as Cameron Vo, FBI Special Agent and a member of the FBI's International Fly Team. (FBI: International).
 * Dylan McDermott as Remy Scott, FBI Special Agent and the Supervisory Special Agent/team leader of the Fugitive Task Force. (FBI: Most Wanted).

Development
The origins of the series go back to the Television Critics Association summer 2016 press tour, where Wolf revealed plans for a crime drama series, placed in New York and set in the world of the FBI. Wolf's original plan was to introduce it on the NBC network as a planned spin-off to his New York crime drama Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, where it was intended to introduce an FBI agent character, but NBC ultimately did not go through with it and the idea was later put on hold for different reasons. It's Wolf's first drama series to launch on a network other than NBC in 15 years. CBS officially picked up the series on September 20, 2017. The series is produced by CBS Television Studios and Universal Television.

On January 25, 2019, during the TCA press tour, FBI was renewed for a second season, which is set to premiere on September 24, 2019. On May 7, 2019, following the renewal it was announced that Milena Govich joined as co-executive producer and director.

On March 12, 2020, Universal Television suspended the production of the last three episodes of the second season following the COVID-19 pandemic. However, on May 6, 2020, CBS announced that it was renewed for a third season which premiered on November 17, 2020. On March 24, 2021, CBS announced that it had renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on September 21, 2021.

On May 9, 2022, CBS renewed the series for a fifth and sixth season. The fifth season premiered on September 20, 2022. The sixth season premiered on February 13, 2024. On April 9, 2024, CBS renewed the series for seasons seven through nine. The seventh season is scheduled to premiere on October 15, 2024.

Broadcast

 * , reruns of FBI aired on Ion Television and Pop.

 * Every episode of past and current seasons is available to stream on Paramount+ in the United States.

 * The show airs on Tuesday nights in Canada on Global.

 * The show airs on Thursday nights at 9pm on Sky Witness in the United Kingdom.

 * The show airs on Thursday nights at 9:45pm on AXN Asia in the Southeast Asia.

Casting
On March 1, 2018, Zeeko Zaki was cast as Omar Adom. A week later, Jeremy Sisto was cast as Jubal, including Ebonée Noel also cast as Kristin. Before the end of the month, Missy Peregrym had joined the cast as Maggie. The FBI Special Agent in Charge in the first episode ("Pilot") was Ellen Solberg, played by Connie Nielsen. On May 16, 2018, the day of scheduling the series for fall 2018, Nielsen was announced to have left the series for undisclosed reasons.

On July 13, 2018, Sela Ward was cast in the second episode as Dana Mosier who fulfills a similar role to Connie Nielsen who was in the first episode. During the season finale, it was indicated that Ward would be departing the series after the first season. On July 9, 2019, Alana de la Garza—who played Isobel Castille in a guest appearance in the first season—was promoted to the main cast for the second season; she also recurs on the spin-off series FBI: Most Wanted.

On August 6, 2019, John Boyd was cast as Special Agent Stuart Scola, Kristin's new partner in the field, in a recurring role with the option to be promoted to regular at a later date. Boyd was promoted to regular on October 7, 2019. On August 28, 2020, Katherine Renee Turner was cast as a series regular for the third season. On April 20, 2022, it was announced that Shantel VanSanten would return as Special Agent Nina Chase in a recurring role, while Peregrym went inactive for her maternity leave.

Critical response
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has an approval rating of 63% based on 24 reviews, with an average rating of 6.22 out of 10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Dick Wolf's new series sports a compelling cast and adrenaline-spiking spectacle, although some viewers may find this retread of the mega-producer's previous procedural formulas overly familiar." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 57 out of 100 based on 13 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Spin-offs
On January 29, 2019, it was announced that CBS had commissioned a backdoor pilot with an attached series commitment for a potential spin-off series titled FBI: Most Wanted, with the episode to air in the latter part of the first season. The series will focus on the division of the FBI tasked with tracking and capturing the most notorious criminals on the FBI's Most Wanted list. According to Dick Wolf, the spin-off is set to launch a series of interconnected shows similar to Wolf's Chicago and Law & Order franchises on NBC. Actors who have been cast were reported to be: Julian McMahon, Alana de la Garza, Kellan Lutz, Roxy Sternberg, and Nathaniel Arcand, as well as Keisha Castle-Hughes. On May 9, 2019, CBS announced that FBI: Most Wanted had been ordered to series. The series, created by Rene Balcer, premiered on January 7, 2020.

On February 18, 2021, it was reported that a third series of the FBI franchise with the working title FBI: International spin-off was in development. On March 24, 2021, CBS announced that the spin-off had been ordered to series. On July 8, 2021, it was reported that Luke Kleintank, Heida Reed and Vinessa Vidotto were set to casts in the spin-off.

title: FBI (TV series)


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/oisquadre.it

Links

 * oisquadre.it resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
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 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

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text:
2020 Finnish Athletics Championships

The 2020 Finnish Athletics Championships (Kalevan kisat 2020) was the year's national outdoor track and field championships for Finland. It was held on 13–16 August at the Paavo Nurmi Stadium in Turku.

title: 2020 Finnish Athletics Championships


text:
List of mayors of Dakar

The following is a list of mayors of the city of Dakar, Senegal. Senegal was under French colonial rule until April 1960.

 * Jean Alexandre, circa 1887
 * Charles De Margueritte Monfort, circa 1892
 * Jean Alexandre, circa 1896
 * Fernand Marsat, 1898-1908
 * Edmond Teisseire, circa 1903-1906
 * André Masson, circa 1908
 * Lavie, circa 1919
 * Blaise Diagne, 1920-1934
 * Jules Sergent, circa 1921
 * Armand-Pierre Angrand, 1934-1939
 * Martine, circa 1939
 * Alfred Goux, 1943-1945
 * Lamine Guèye, 1945-1961
 * Joseph Gomis, 1961-1964
 * Samba Guèye, 1964-1978
 * Lamine Diack, 1978-1979
 * Amadou Clédor Sall, 1979-1984
 * Mamadou Diop, 1984-2002
 * Pape Diop, 2002-2009
 * Khalifa Ababacar Sall, 2009 to 2018
 * Soham El Wardini, 2018 to 2022
 * Barthélemy Dias, 2022 to present

title: List of mayors of Dakar


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Great Dinky Robbery

The result of the debate was merge. Johnleemk | Talk 16:03, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Great Dinky Robbery
A University prank is not notable enough for Wikipedia. Only 10 (4 unique) Google results. -- T B C ??? ???  ??? 01:38, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom, unencyclopedic. Roy  boy cr ash  fan  [[Image:Flag_of_Texas.svg|30px]] 01:40, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Postdlf 01:41, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as above.--Firsfron 01:49, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. --Khoikhoi 04:07, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It's notable enough for a DYK nom though... I'd like to see more cites if possible before agreeing this is notable. Given how old this story is, Google may not be where to go for cites, printed material may be the place. Reserve judgement. + +Lar: t/c 04:19, 21 March 2006 (UTC) (
 * update: Merge with Princeton Branch (and leave a redirect) sounds a great idea. That can be done now, no need to wait. + +Lar: t/c 12:53, 21 March 2006 (UTC))
 * update 2 I tagged them and will try to make time to do the work maybe as early as tonite (eastern US time) + +Lar: t/c 13:35, 22 March 2006 (UTC))
 * update 3 I am still concerned about the sources being verifiable but the article itself looks nice now... If it's merged in to Princeton Branch it may well dominate that article and people soon may want to split it out again. Smile. The editors actively working on this asked me not to do the merge just yet so I didn't. I still marginally think merge is the right answer, but I won't at all be too upset if the result is keep. Not delete entirely though... if whowever closes wants to delete entirely, userify it to my space instead, and I'll take care of the merge. + +Lar: t/c 19:59, 24 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's in at least the same league as Great Rose Bowl Hoax or Saluting trap.  It's certainly better known than Yale's "We Suck" Prank.  Possibly the last American train robbery (and such a unique one, to boot!), though I can't verify that right now.  --CComMack 05:05, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete - it is not comparable, it didn't get TV coverage, and lots of photos, etc.Blnguyen | Have your say!!! 05:41, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep - It has a source, we've got storage space, that's good enough for me. -- stillnotelf   has a talk page  05:59, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge would be okay too, but I really prefer a keep. -- stillnotelf   has a talk page  01:05, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom (also, who outside the states cares? sheeesh) dr.alf 06:46, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment - I voted delete, but in the case of the Great Rose Bowl Hoax, one of my physics supervisors at uni, Dr Rod Crewther went to Caltech and he showed me a photo of it!Blnguyen | Have your say!!! 06:52, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge with Princeton Branch. theres room for it there -- Astrokey44 |talk 11:31, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn prank. A merger to any appopriate article would be good as well. --Ter e nce Ong 14:33, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete or merge per above. StarTrek 16:51, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep, the last "real" train robbery was in 1923, making this the last train hold-up in America, at least according to this source. That alone should make it notable. Also per Stillnotelf. Cantara 17:58, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge with Princeton Branch would also be fine, though I still think this is great lore and would like to see it grow into a full article eventually. Cantara 18:13, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom, unencyclopedic. I will change my vote if several additional references are added to the article that show this event has had some wide impact, or was widely known, etc.  The one source provided is not even exclusively about the purported hoax. Johntex\talk 20:06, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, much better more amusing and more notable university pranks have been performed. Oliver Keenan 20:47, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge with Princeton Branch. EASports 22:49, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete unencyclopedic prank, agree with Johntex  Dei z io  00:52, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge and Redirect per EASports. I've read about this prank. It's definitely notable, but probably doesn't merit its own article.jdb ❋ (talk) 03:38, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge with Princeton Branch, which could use some expansion. -Colin Kimbrell 13:24, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge per Colin Kimbrell.  OhNo itsJamie Talk 22:56, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep; accept merge. —Spangineer[es] (háblame)  03:04, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep Let's see if there are more sources...Joaquin Murietta 15:07, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep I think this should definitely be kept. It is a rather well-known thing around Princeton and it does have historical significance as the last time a train was similarly held up in the North-East, and perhaps even the US. I've edited the article quite a bit. The robbery took place in the spring of 1963, not the fall of '60 as originally cited. I also tracked down a list of names from an alum friend, that seems to jibe with an article in PAW that I added to the links list. Scharferimage 10:43, 24 March 2006.
 * Merge with Princeton Branch. --dcandeto 08:28, 25 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
Russian Revolution/Week 6

Week 6
(For a more indepth course on the October Revolution, please see- [course coming late January and done late Summer 2007])

October Revolution (1917)
The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political events in Russia, involving first the overthrow of the system of autocracy, and then the overthrow of the liberal Provisional Government (Duma), resulting in the establishment of the Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. This eventually led to the establishment of the Soviet Union, which lasted until its dissolution in 1991.

The Revolution can be viewed in two distinct phases:

 * The February Revolution of 1917, which displaced the autocracy of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, the last effective Tsar of Russia, and sought to establish in its place a liberal republic.
 * The October Revolution, in which the Bolshevik party and the workers' Soviets, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Provisional Government. While many notable historical events occurred in Moscow and St. Petersburg, there was also a broadly based movement in the rural areas as peasants seized and redistributed land.

See also "Russian history, 1892-1920" for the general frame of events.

Causes of the Russian Revolution
1917 saw two distinct revolutions in Russia: the overthrow of the Tsarist regime and formation of the Provisional Government (February Revolution), and the October Revolution in which the Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional Government. The causes of these two revolutions encompass Russia’s political, social, and economic situation. Politically, the people of Russia resented the autocracy of Tsar Nicholas II and the corrupt and anachronistic elements in his government. Socially, Tsarist Russia stood well behind the rest of Europe in its industry and farming, resulting in few opportunities for fair advancement on the part of peasants and industrial workers. Economically, widespread inflation and food shortages in Russia contributed to the revolution. Militarily, inadequate supplies, logistics, and weaponry led to heavy losses that the Russians suffered during World War I; this further weakened Russia’s view of Nicholas II. They viewed him as weak and unfit to rule.

Ultimately, a combination of these four, coupled with the development of revolutionary ideas and movements (particularly since the 1905 Bloody Sunday Massacre) led to the Russian Revolution.

Economic
The economic causes of the Russian Revolution largely originated in Russia's slightly outdated economy. Russia's agriculture was largely based on independent peasants, who seldom owned modern machinery. Suffering from a naturally cold climate, Russia's growing season was only 4-6 months, compared to 8-9 in most of Western Europe.However, vast territory and population still allowed Russia to be the largest exporter of agricultural products in the world, even supplying North America in the 1900's.

Social
The social causes of the Russian Revolution mainly came from centuries of oppression towards the lower classes by the Tsarist regime and Nicholas's failures in World War I. While rural agrarian peasants had been emancipated from serfdom in 1861, they still resented paying redemption payments to the state, and demanded communal tender of the land they worked. Increasing peasant disturbances and sometimes full revolts occurred, with the goal of securing ownership of their land. Russia consisted mainly of poor farming peasants, with 1.5% of the population owning 25% of the land.

The rapid industrialization of Russia also resulted in urban overcrowding and poor conditions for urban industrial workers (as mentioned above). Between 1890 and 1910, the population of the capital of St Petersburg swelled from 1,033,600 to 1,905,600, with Moscow experiencing similar growth. In one 1904 survey, it was found that an average of sixteen people shared each apartment in St Petersburg, with six people per room. There was also no running water, and piles of human waste were a threat to the health of the workers.

World War I then only added to the chaos. Conscription swept up the unwilling in all parts of Russia. The vast demand for factory production of war supplies and workers caused many more labor riots and strikes. Conscription stripped skilled workers from the cities, who had to be replaced with unskilled peasants, and then, when famine began to hit, workers abandoned the cities in droves to look for food. Finally, the soldiers themselves, who suffered from a lack of equipment and protection from the elements were discontent with Russia's poor accounting in the war.

Political
Politically, most areas of Russian society had reason to be dissatisfied with the existing autocratic system. They had no representation in government, and the Tsar remained out of touch with the people's problems.

Dissatisfaction with Russian autocracy culminated in the Bloody Sunday massacre, in which Russian workers saw their pleas for justice rejected as thousands of unarmed protestors were shot by the Tsar's troops. The response to the massacre crippled the nation with strikes, and Nicholas released his October Manifesto, promising a democratic parliament (the State Duma) to appease the people. However, the Tsar effectively nullified his promises of Democracy with Article 87 of the 1906 Fundamental State Laws, and then subsequently dismissed the first two Dumas when they proved uncooperative. These unfulfilled hopes of democracy fuelled revolutionary ideas and violence targeted at the Tsarist regime.

It appears as though Tsar Nicholas II never really considered Russia a constitutional state and invariably held on to his strong inclination towards an Autocratic Russia.

 * "Let it be known to all that I... shall maintain the principle of autocracy just as firmly and unflinchingly as did my unforgettable dead father" - Tsar Nicholas II, 1906, in a speech to the Duma.

Beside the economic and social problems plaguing the country, the Russian Empire was still recovering from a humiliating defeat at the Russo-Japanese War of 1905. One of Nicholas's reasons for going to war in 1914 was his desire to restore the prestige that Russia had lost during that war. Nicholas also wanted to galvanize the diverse people in his empire under a single banner by directing military force at a common enemy, namely Germany and the Central Powers. He believed by doing so he could also distract the people from the ongoing issues of poverty, inequality, and poor working conditions that were sources of discontent.

Instead of restoring Russia's political and military standing, World War I would lead to horrifying military casualties on the Russian side and undermined it further. From the beginning the troops were not adequately supplied with weapons, or were led by incompetent generals and officers. Logistics were also a problem, since Russia's poorly maintained roads and railroads inhibited communication and distribution of supplies. Almost everywhere Russian forces were matched against German forces who had a superior advantage in weaponry, military talent, and logistics.

World War I
Russia's recent history was a litany of military failures. Even before the outbreak of the First World War, Russia had lost a war with Japan in 1904–05. Most of Russia's fleet was sunk by the Japanese in that war. While the Russian army enjoyed some initial successes against Austria-Hungary in 1914, Russia's deficiencies — particularly regarding the equipment of its soldiers and the lack of advanced technology (aeroplanes, telephones, poison gas) became increasingly evident.

Russia's first major battle of the war was a disaster. In the 1914 Battle of Tannenberg, over 120,000 Russian troops were killed, wounded, or captured, while Germany suffered only 20,000 casualties. Whatever nationalistic or patriotic support the Russian government had gained in the initial time frame leading up to the war had been lost.

In 1915, things took a critical turn for the worse when Germany shifted its focus of attack to the Eastern front. The superior German army - better led, better trained, better supplied - was terrifyingly effective against the ill-equipped Russian forces. By the end of October 1916, Russia had lost between 1.6 and 1.8 million soldiers, with an additional two million prisoners of war and one million missing for a total of nearly five million men. These were staggering losses. Mutinies began to occur, and in 1916 reports of fraternizing with the enemy started to circulate. Soldiers went hungry and lacked shoes, munitions, and even weapons. Sometimes entire regiments would be sent to the front without guns, only hoping that before they made contact with the enemy, they would find weapons from soldiers that had been killed in earlier waves. Rampant discontent lowered morale, only to be further undermined by a series of military defeats.

In the autumn of 1915, Nicholas had taken direct command of the army, personally overseeing Russia's main theater of war and leaving his ambitious though incapable wife Alexandra in charge of the government. Reports of corruption and incompetence in the Imperial government began to emerge, and the growing influence of Grigori Rasputin in the Imperial family was widely resented.

Nicholas was blamed for all these crises, and what little support he had left began to crumble. As this discontent grew, the State Duma issued a warning to Nicholas in November 1916 stating that disaster would overtake the country unless a constitutional form of government was put in place. In typical fashion, Nicholas ignored them. As a result, Russia's Tsarist regime collapsed a few months later during the February Revolution of 1917. A year later, the Tsar and his family were executed. Ultimately, Nicholas's inept handling of his country and the War destroyed the Tsarist regime and cost him both his rule and his life.

February Revolution

The February Revolution was the result of the acute aggravation of the economical and political crisis in Russia. It came about seemingly spontaneously when people of the Russian capital Petrograd started to rally against the war and against the food supply shortages in the city.

As the protests grew, various political reformists (both liberal and radical left) started to coordinate their activities. In February the protests in Petrograd turned violent as large numbers of city residents rioted and clashed with police and soldiers, followed by the total strike. Eventually the bulk of the soldiers garrisoned in Petrograd joined the protests, and the uprisen people occupied most of the important places in the city. This had led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II in a nearly bloodless transition of power.

A new Provisional Government was formed. Between February and October revolutionaries attempted to foment further change, working through the Petrograd Soviet and other organizations. The driving force behind the provisional government was a young and popular lawyer named Alexander Kerensky. Kerensky, as minister of war, decided to continue the Russian effort in World War I despite the enormous unpopularity of the war. He appointed new generals and began a new offensive, the Kerensky Offensive, which started well and then turned into yet another defeat. Kerensky's government tried to shame the soldiers into fighting by creating a Women's Battalion, but without success. The failure of his offensive brought about much resentment from the people.

October Revolution
, leader of the Bolsheviks]]

The October Revolution was led by Vladimir Lenin and was based upon Lenin's writing on the ideas of Karl Marx, a political ideology often known as Marxism-Leninism. It marked the beginning of the spread of communism in the twentieth century. It was far less sporadic than the revolution of February and came about as the result of deliberate planning and coordinated activity to that end. Though Lenin was the leader of the Bolshevik Party, it has been argued that, seeing as Lenin wasn't present during the actual take over of the Winter Palace, it was really Trotsky's organization and direction that led the revolution, spurred by the motivation Lenin instigated within his party. The financial and logistical assistance of German intelligence via their key agent, Alexander Parvus was a key component as well.

On November 7, 1917, Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin led his leftist revolutionaries in a revolt against the ineffective Provisional Government (Russia was still using the Julian Calendar at the time, so period references show an October 25 date). The October Revolution ended the phase of the revolution instigated in February, replacing Russia's short-lived provisional government with a Soviet one. Although many Bolsheviks supported a soviet democracy, the 'reform from above' model gained definitive power when Lenin died and Stalin gained control of the USSR. Trotsky and his supporters, as well as a number of other democratically-minded communists, were persecuted and eventually imprisoned or killed.

After October 1917, many SR's (members of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party) and Russian Anarchists opposed the Bolsheviks through the soviets. When this failed, they revolted in a series of events calling for "a third revolution." The most notable instances were the Tambov rebellion, 1919–1921, and the Kronstadt rebellion in March 1921. These movements, which made a wide range of demands and lacked effective coordination, were eventually crushed during the Civil War.

Civil war
The Russian Civil War, which broke out in 1918 shortly after the revolution, brought death and suffering to millions of people regardless of their political orientation. The war was fought mainly between the Red Army ("Reds"), consisting of radical communists and revolutionaries, and the "Whites" - the monarchists, conservatives, liberals and moderate socialists who opposed the drastic restructuring championed by the Bolsheviks. The Whites had backing from nations such as the UK, France, USA and Japan.

Also during the Civil War, Nestor Makhno led a Ukrainian anarchist movement which generally cooperated with the Bolsheviks. However, a Bolshevik force under Mikhail Frunze destroyed the Makhnovist movement, when the Makhnovists refused to merge into the Red Army. In addition, the so-called "Green Army" (nationalists and anarchists) played a secondary role in the war, mainly in Ukraine.

The Russian revolution and the world
Lenin and Trotsky said that the goal of socialism in Russia would not be realized without the success of the world revolution. Indeed, a revolutionary wave lasted until 1923. Despite initial hopes for success in the German Revolution, in the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic and others like it, no other Marxist movement succeeded in keeping power in its hands.

This issue is subject to conflicting views on the communist history by various Marxist groups and parties. Stalin later rejected this idea, stating that socialism was possible in one country.

The confusion regarding Stalin's position on the issue stems from the fact that he, after Lenin's death in 1924, successfully used Lenin's argument - the argument that socialism's success needs the workers of other countries in order to happen - to defeat his competitors within the party by accusing them of betraying Lenin and, therefore, the ideals of the October Revolution.

Brief chronology leading to Revolution of 1917
''Dates are correct for the Julian calendar, which was used in Russia until 1918. It was twelve days behind the Gregorian calendar during the 19th century and thirteen days behind it during the 20th century.''

Cultural portrayal
The Russian Revolution has been portrayed in several films.

 * Arsenal ' (IMDB profile). Written and directed by Aleksandr Dovzhenko.
 * Konets Sankt-Peterburga aka The End of St. Petersburg (IMDB profile).
 * Lenin v 1918 godu aka Lenin in 1918 (IMDB profile). Directed by Mikhail Romm and E. Aron (co-director).
 * October: Ten Days That Shook The World (IMDB profile). Directed by Sergei M. Eisenstein and Grigori Aleksandrov. Runtimes: Sweden:104 min, USA:95 min. Country: Soviet Union. Black and White. Silent. 1927.
 * Reds (IMDB profile). Directed by Warren Beatty. It is based on the book Ten Days that Shook the World.
 * Anastasia (IMDB profile). Directed by Don Bluth and Gary Goldman.
 * Dr. Zhivago

Participants' accounts

 * Reed, John. Ten Days that Shook the World. 1919, 1st Edition, published by BONI & Liveright, Inc. for International Publishers. Transcribed and marked by David Walters for John Reed Internet Archive. Penguin Books; 1st edition. June 1, 1980. ISBN 0-14-018293-4. Retrieved May 14, 2005.
 * Serge, Victor. Year One of the Russian Revolution. L'An l de la revolution russe, 1930. Year One of the Russian Revolution, Holt, Reinhart, and Winston. Translation, editor's Introduction, and notes © 1972 by Peter Sedgwick. Reprinted on Victor Serge Internet Archive by permission. ISBN 0-86316-150-2. Retrieved May 14, 2005.
 * Trotsky, Leon. The History of the Russian Revolution. Translated by Max Eastman, 1932. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 8083994. ISBN 0-913460-83-4. Transcribed for the World Wide Web by John Gowland (Australia), Alphanos Pangas (Greece) and David Walters (United States). Pathfinder Press edition. June 1, 1980. ISBN 0-87348-829-6. Retrieved May 14, 2005.

Primary Documents

 * Steinberg, Mark D. Voices of Revolution, 1917. In the series “Annals of Communism,” Yale University Press, 2001. On-line publication of these texts in the Russian original: Golosa revoliutsii, 1917 g. (Yale University Press, 2002): http://www.yale.edu/annals/Steinberg/golosa.htm

Questions
Week 6 Questions

Next week's materials
Week 7

title: Russian Revolution/Week 6


text:
Talk:Highlands Ranch, Colorado

Controversy Section
I erased the second half of the controversy section because there were no sources cited. Smells like Shea Homes is meddling with the Wik.

Bad sources
Not according to 2

Nor does it mention most populous. Please amend or I will delete in 5 days.

EvanCarroll 18:18, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Highlands Ranch, Colorado. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/5uRWp2Zfd?url=http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp to http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:58, 2 April 2017 (UTC)

Help with Proper Citation Format and Inquiry About Manual Revision
Hi. I have not ever before used a Talk Page to ask a question about an edit. I hope I am doing this correctly. It is hard to figure out how or where to enter a new question here. Anyway, I edited this wiki today to add information about yesterday's tornado. I did add a source, but I can't figure out why the source does not appear correctly in the bibliography section. I appreciate help. Thanks. HL (talk) 20:49, 23 June 2023 (UTC)

The language I added about yesterday's tornado was fully accurate. This event was unprecedented in the history of Highlands Ranch. Hundreds of thousands of dollars of property damage occurred, mostly in the form of downed trees, damaged fences, and structural impacts caused by the storm's impact on trees. That edit was reverted. Why? HL (talk) 23:27, 23 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Highlands Ranch, Colorado