text:
Talk:Dick Sharon

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Dick Sharon. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050305215923/http://www.kennedy.rcsd.k12.ca.us/akennedy/fame/sharon/sharon.html to http://www.kennedy.rcsd.k12.ca.us/akennedy/fame/sharon/sharon.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:47, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dick Sharon


text:
Zarya, Pankrushikhinsky District, Altai Krai

Zarya (Заря) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Uryvayevsky Selsoviet, Pankrushikhinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 38 as of 2013. There is 1 street.

Geography
Zarya is located 45 km west of Pankrushikha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Uryvayevo is the nearest rural locality.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Patania expictalis

Patania expictalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Hugo Theodor Christoph in 1881. It is found in the Russian Far East (Amur), China and Japan.

The wingspan is 12 –.

title: Patania expictalis


text:
Talk:Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink

Infobox
To update the missing data, I've used footballdatabase.com. However, contrary to what footballdatabase and other sites like yahoo sports state, I'm convinced Hasselbaink didn't play professional football in the 1993-94 and 1994-95 seasons. This fansite and nl.wikipedia seem to back this up. Hence I removed the 1992-1996 Campomaiorense section from the infobox.

Several sites contradict Hasselbaink's amount of caps and goals as well, but I've copied footballdatabase's info, seeing how this site is used as a source for several wikipedia football players infoboxes. Someone with other numbers can always insert their statistics instead. Igorrr 17:46, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I tend to agree with you regarding Campomaiorense. I don't have a source, but I'm sure he left Alkmaar under a cloud, which is why he played non-league football for a time. That could easily account for two years. Additionally, 31 appearances and 12 goals is a very plausible tally for a single season.

 * As for international stats, I left it blank due to the conflicting sources. Soccerbase says 23 caps and 9 goals but, as you say, footballdatabase records 21 and 8. SteveO 18:25, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you for responding. Yes, the caps/goals do vary on different sites: BBC for instance has him at 18 caps and seven goals. Until there's a credible source confirming the numbers of one of the three sites, it does seem that your option of leaving the international stats open is the most logical. Igorrr 09:42, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

There's no way he's 1.88 in height. Fix this — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:587:4003:F300:61BD:CBD1:9F04:D2B8 (talk) 08:03, 25 March 2018 (UTC)

Cross the Border in to Wales
Is this phrase a bit informal and does it even make sense. No9shirt (talk) 18:12, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

 * The RSSSF also records 23 caps and 9 goals. I'll leave the international stats column blank for now. SteveO 16:11, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

In popular culture..
Wouldnt that come under trivia? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:26, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131203014426/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/van-persie-wins-premier-league-golden-boot to http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/van-persie-wins-premier-league-golden-boot

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:54, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121020/http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/Burton-Albion-Jimmy-Floyd-Hasselbaink-nominated/story-25961387-detail/story.html to http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/Burton-Albion-Jimmy-Floyd-Hasselbaink-nominated/story-25961387-detail/story.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:29, 14 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink


text:
Talk:Cash-for-Honours scandal

Refer to David Abrahams?
Presntly there's a "See Also" to David Abrahams at the end. Should there be a reference to him and his donations in the introduction, to put Cash for Honours in the context of other stories on Labour funding? On the pro side, there's a suggestion that Abrahams received planning permission after donating (so there's a similar whiff of corruption) and it shows Labour's continuing difficulties with funding. On the anti side I'd imagine that putting the two issues in the same context could be considered WP:POV as it suggests that the reader is invited to see a pattern of dodgy dealing (of course the press has already done that, but WP's standards are so much higher, aren't they? TrulyBlue (talk) 09:52, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

Green Party nomination
What happened with the Green Party was that the invitation to nominate one working peer was sent to Hugo Charlton, who sent it back with the name "Hugo Charlton" on it as a potential peerage recipient, without having consulted any colleagues. When the other senior members found out, they threw Charlton out and said that they would not be nominating anyone because of their dislike for the current set-up of the House of Lords. David | Talk 10:33, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, that's as I thought it went from the sources, and I added something like that to Green Party of England and Wales. I'm happy with your wording as this is incidental to this article, but wasn't I correct to say "its first nomination was rejected"? The source says "it was rejected by Downing Street when it emerged that he had signed the nomination form himself". A less clear source on this point is . Rwendland 10:49, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Who really is Treasurer of the Labour Party?
The role "Treasurer of the Labour Party" seems rather ill-defined. Legally, under the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, the Treasurer is Peter Watt (the General Secretary of the Labour Party), not Jack Dromey; see the Electoral Comission register entry for the Labour Party. But on the Labour website Jack Dromey is called the "Treasurer". In their accounts the Labour Party call Jack Dromey the "Party Treasurer", and Matt Carter (General Secretary at that time) the "Registered Treasurer". Looks to me that Matt Carter/Peter Watt was/is the real Treasurer, and Jack Dromey really just has a honourary role. Does anyone have a clear understanding of this, worth putting in this article? (And I wonder if Matt Carter's resignation so soon after the election, with less than 2 years in post, has anything to do with this scandal?) Rwendland 11:40, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Seems confusing I agree. Dromey seems to be the National Executive Committee's elected man. This helps only a little

--leaky_caldron 11:45, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The post of Treasurer of the Labour Party which Jack Dromey holds is one elected at each party conference and is mostly, though not entirely, an honorary one. It involves no day-to-day management of the party accounts but it does involve formal supervision and responsibility for them at the NEC. For the purposes of party registration by the Electoral Commission, the General Secretary is given as the person actually in charge and this is indeed the case when it comes to overseeing financial management. It's not entirely surprising that the Party Treasurer should be unaware of individual dealings with donors although he certainly should have been aware that the election campaign was funded based on returnable loans made at a commercial rate of interest.

 * As for Matt Carter, Labour Party general secretaries have tended to move on quite quickly in recent years, but there are several reasons for that: firstly they are more prominent political figures, secondly, they are younger, thirdly, they are blamed personally for poor electoral or administrative results, and fourthly, they are offered large sums of money to be consultants to lobby firms. David | Talk 11:47, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * He may not be managing accounts but he does have to explain them to Party conference. So no wonder he panicked. However, Dromey must have been aware that the election cost lots of money and must have known how much there was or wasn't when he reported to conference in October re the previous year (that runs to ??June/when exactly??). Did he never wonder/ask where it all came from? If not, why not? Seems more than just a shade arms length!--farsee50 22:02, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Article title
The title is currently "Cash for peerages"; this is unsuitable in two ways - firstly, as the article notes, because the term has been used for other occasions and allegations of such corruption, yet this article is exclusively about the current matter; secondly, because it's "Peerages" - it should be capitalised. I would suggest "Cash for Peerages affair, 2006", perhaps; thoughts?

James F. (talk) 22:45, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I am unhappy with the title for two further reasons: firstly, it is inherently POV, making an assertion that there is a link between money and honours, which is currently denied and under investigation; secondly, to be pedantic, the allegations have mainly been that there has been Peerages for cash, i.e. abuse of the honours system to reward donors/lenders, rather than the 'selling' of honours, although the latter is what is now being investigated by the police. I would be happier with something like "Abuse of the British honours system".
 * Mtiedemann 23:11, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, in that case, wouldn't it be "Alleged abuse of the British Honours system, 2006" (note the capitalisation of "Honours", too)? I think that that would be, ahem, rather unwieldy, though. :-)
 * James F. (talk) 23:28, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree with Mtiedemann that the title is POV and should be changed. However if the title proposed was adopted then the article would have to be rewritten to go through the whole history, including Maundy Gregory, Lloyd George, Lavender List, etc. - is this appropriate or should the current story be separated? Also the loans issue is increasingly including questions entirely separate from the peerage nominations. David | Talk 23:31, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Cash for Peerages has widespread recognition as a term and seems to be how this "affair" has come to be widely referred to, albeit with 'so-called ' as a prefix. I'd favour keeping it for now, as a current event with links to previous acvtual and alleged instances of similar things, until we can look back and redefine it according to how it turns out. The intro can say it's a widely-used derogatory desription of a set of events that have been construed as such and caused controversy etc. --farsee50 00:57, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I would support a change of title, if a suitable alternative can be agreed. The original article was "Secret labour loans" and maybe in retrospect that would have been still appropriate. Maybe we should see where this goes and review again in a week or so? I'm planning further content as soon as I can get a bit of time.--leaky_caldron 21:46, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I've moved it to the correct capitalisation as a staging-move (ha!) before we decide fully what would be best.
 * James F. (talk) 10:45, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Should the title not simply reflect what future readers/researchers will look for? In the same way that we search for “cash for questions”, not “1990s Conservative scandal involving MP’s Parliamentary questions for reward”, “Cash for Peerages” is likely to be what this scandal will be remembered for.

Is it in fact a scandal or POV?

“Cash for Peerages” has already become a generally accepted idiom, it’s surely now beyond POV. Even if no malfeasance is proven, the whiff of scandal will forever remain. It would be reasonable to expect it to be referred to in the future as the “Cash for Peerages” scandal, in the same way that “cash for questions” is still referred to more than 10 years later.

The debate over whether it should be “Peerages for cash” is, IMO, semantic. We do not know who said what to whom and in what order. Speculating that someone approached wealthy potential donors suggesting a donation/loan would result in the subsequent awarding of an honour at a future date would imply cash (first) for honours (later). Peerages for cash could imply “give me the peerage (first) and I’ll give you the cash (later)”.

Second, because it’s become vernacular, far more engine search results arise from c-for-p than for p-for-c.

On the point about it having been used before - not in Wiki it hasn't, plus care was taken to mention the earlier incidents - so it is not totally exclusive to the 2006 affair.

On balance, and unless there are dramatic headlines in the next few weeks, I agree with farsee50 that the intro. should be enhanced but the title left as is. Is anyone still unconvinced?--leaky_caldron 20:57, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Scandal defined as follows: "A scandal is a widely publicized incident involving allegations of wrong-doing, disgrace, or moral outrage. A scandal may be based on reality, or the product of false allegations, or a mixture of both." On that basis there is nothing alleged or putative WP:WEASEL about Cash for peerages - it is a scandal pure and simple due to facts as they stand, the revelations that have already been made and the implications that have been drawn. If everyone were to be 100% exonerated it would still class as a scandal.

 * So you'd be happy for me to refer to the "Wikipedia leaky caldron editing scandal, 2006"? David | Talk 08:48, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

 * you've got me stumped with that one! If you have evidence or believe I have been involved in or you wish to allege wrong-doing by me in relation to Wikipedia editing - go ahead.--leaky_caldron 10:04, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You've just said you don't need either evidence or allegations of wrong-doing to make a scandal. David | Talk 22:20, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Opening section
The first citation does not confirm the preceeding statement, i.e. that several potential nominees for peerages were rejected by an independent body because they had donated large amounts of money. The decisions are secret, which is exactly why Patel got so worked up.

 * The existing Background is adeqate.

The existing background was originally very inadequate for a publication that describes itself as an encyclopedia. It made it appear that MacNeill was the only complainant. This is factually incorrect. MacNeill was the only one that called a press conference, which is why he stuck in everyone's mind. In fact Scotland Yard announced that there had been three complaints. Later the same day it was revealed that one had been made by MacNeill, one by the then leader of Plaid Cymru, and one by an individual who remains unidentified to this day. See http://uk.reuters.com/article/2007/07/20/uk-britain-honours-chronology-idUKL2025030320070720?src=072007_0816_TOPSTORY_no_charges_in_cash_for_honours_probe — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:48, 18 August 2011 (UTC)

While (perhaps mindful of libel laws) no suggestion has been that the donations were directly connected to the nominations of the donors for peerages, the incident was nevertheless referred to the Police as a breach of the law against selling honours[2].

 * again, there is an existing section, "criminal investiagtion" covering this

For these reasons I have removed these 2 sentences. It also gets rid of deprecated references in the intro--leaky_caldron 10:24, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You don't seem to understand the purpose of the lead section. It is supposed to summarise the article so that a reader unfamiliar with the subject can get a quick understanding of the key points. The introduction you have left is really appalling. It leaps straight from saying that it was a scandal, occurred in the UK and in March 2006, to then talking in speculative terms about what effect it will have. The reader will be asking "What was the scandal? What scandalous behaviour happened? Who did it involve? What was the immediate practical impact?" and will find no answers. They will have to delve deep into the article before gaining any knowledge. Therefore I have restored the previous wording. David | Talk 13:19, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm truly fed-up with the arrogant manner you have in constantly reverting other peoples work.

 * It would be arrogant if I was refusing to explain it on talk, but I am. Any editor can revert if they do not like an edit. David | Talk 13:43, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

The facts are these: you first sentence is plain wrong - the cited article doesn't say what you claim to be the case. No one has said why these lenders were rejected for honours - where are you getting that from? The background is far superior and is the next section - so it’s hardly "deep" into the article.

 * The HLAC does its business in secret and so any decision it comes to is never reported. That has, however, not stopped widespread leaks about what it has said. Unfortunately for any putative editor of an encyclopaedia article about it, these press stories are not consistent with each other as some state that a nominee was blocked, others that they were not blocked. David | Talk 13:43, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

second: While (perhaps mindful of libel laws) no suggestion has been that the donations were directly connected to the nominations of the donors for peerages, the incident was nevertheless referred to the Police as a breach of the law against selling honours[2].

This is a FORTY word sentence - how can a reader unfamiliar with the subject get a quick understanding of that? The subject matter is also covered in a separate section.

 * I do not claim this to be the acme of excellence (forty words is a pretty short sentence for some people), but it does help give the reader an understanding of the significance: not a direct sale of peerages, but nevertheless something thought worthy of police investigation ie illegal. David | Talk 13:43, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I've had another go at the sentence. On second thoughts the 'mindful of libel laws' ref was a bit too OR (no-one has actually threatened to sue). What do you think now? David | Talk 13:53, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

I refuse to get into reverting wars with you. I hope other readers of this article will note the lack of co-operation and the single-minded attitude you have demonstrated and will amend the wordy and inaccurate intro you have drafted.leaky_caldron 13:34, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Do you accept my point about the function of the intro, and see why your intro was no good? David | Talk 13:43, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Of course not.

 * In that case, please go to WP:LEAD and see the Wikipedia policy as it is described there: "The lead should briefly summarize the most important points covered in an article in such a way that it could stand on its own as a concise version of the article." David | Talk 14:05, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * First of all, your intro about the potential nominees is factually incorrect.

 * Second, it's far too wordy and you are being patronising in the extreme when you say that forty words is a pretty short sentence for some people (for politicians trying to obfuscate, maybe). Also, the statement that no suggestion has been that the donations were directly connected to the nominations of the donors for peerages that's just plain daft - that is precisely what is being voiced, hinted at and implied - hence the scandal!

 * No it isn't. A direct connection would mean that someone said, in terms, to the donors "If you give us so much, we will give you a peerage". No such allegation has been made in this case (or do you have a cite?). If it was alleged that such an offer was made, then such an allegation would be libellous both of the person who suggested it and of the potential donor. David | Talk 14:05, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Third, it results in the good subsequent sections appearing to be duplicates of the heading.leaky_caldron 13:58, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * That could be because they are still very badly written. David | Talk 14:05, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * much better now. Please check out the facts about the reasons they were rejected by the honours committee thoughleaky_caldron 14:01, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks. More work needs to be done on this but it is difficult to write because of the HLAC's secrecy. In essence what appears to have happened was that the extra scrutiny of the nominees was prompted by the leak of the list in November, and the extra scrutiny discovered some extra financial links which had not previously been disclosed, but I can't tell whether that was for all those rejected, nor get agreement between sources on who exactly the committee rejected and who it was prepared to allow. David | Talk 14:05, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

allegedly Lord Levy
User:Dbiv asked "can I go into HIGNFY mode and add an 'allegedly'? da Lord Levy" after changing "at the solicitation of Labour fundraiser Lord Levy." to "apparently at the suggestion of Labour fundraiser Lord Levy",part of his recent edit.

As it's been published in UK newspaper The Independent that it was Lord Levy (which is itself referenced in the article), I don't think we need the wolly wording as he's suggested. Thoughts? --Oscarthecat 21:35, 26 March 2006 (UTC)== John Prescott ==

 * The problem with the source is that you've got Gulam Noon saying that Lord Levy suggested turning a donation into a loan, but we haven't yet had anything from Lord Levy saying "I suggested turning donations into loans". He might turn round and say "I did no such thing!". David | Talk 22:41, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Amidst all this sleaze in the Labour Party, there's been another allegation, involving troubles with planning permission. Appears that £200k was given to the Labour Party to "grease the wheels" in getting some troublesome office-block planning permission approved. --Oscarthecat 21:40, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The Sunday Times story has more detail on this, eg "Prescott decided not to “call in” for further scrutiny plans for the 50-storey Minerva tower, due to become the tallest building in the City of London — despite intervening in two similar developments by other companies." plus the comment "the wife of Lord Levy ... runs a charity from Minerva’s headquarters". Probably worth adding something about this to the article. Rwendland 22:35, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Make sure you include Prescott's adamant denial if you do. NPOV and all that. David | Talk 22:41, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I've added re John Prescott. I've included his response pretty much in full. He always gives me the impression of someone digging a whole and not realising it's time to stop!!leaky_caldron 08:00, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Tribune article source
I've added a paragraph on Dromey's tour of TV studios announcing his inquiry using a non-online source (Tribune 2006/3/24 p5). To make verification easier, here's the whole paragraph I'm using as source, from an article by Tribune's Deputy Editor, Barckley Sumner:
 * Mr Dromey decided to hold an inquiry into Labour's loans after failing to receive satisfactory answers from party officials and Downing Street advisers. Originally, Mr Dromey had intended to reveal his intentions exclusively to Tribune, but Downing Street advisors told broadcasters last Wednesday (March 15) that the Prime Minister would himself announce an investigation at a press conference the following day. On learning of Mr Blair's intentions, Mr Dromey press-released his statement and toured the television studios in a bid to avoid being left carrying the can for the party's financial problems.

This is the first really plausible explanation of Dromey's sudden actions I've seen, and Tribune being trade union owned and with a small part in the story, is in a good position to have accurate information. Without Dromey's announcement that evening I think this political scandal would have played out differently. Hence why I think it is notable. Rwendland 14:44, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Michael Howard questioned by Police
Shouldn't there be something about this?
 * yes. Arniep 12:59, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Baronetcies
The WP Baronetcy article states that James I (King of England and Scotland from 1603 to 1625) used the award of Baronetcies specifically to attract revenue to his Treasury. This Cash for Peerages article implies the practice started in the 19th C: "Historically, hereditary peerages were awarded to members of the landowning aristocracy and royal favourites. In the late 19th century, peerages began to be awarded to industrialists with increasing frequency" (I know Baronetcies are not regarded as Peerages) === Vernon White (talk)  20:30, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

Burying the bad news
Can we get something in about Blair burying related news by releasing it the same day as Princess Diana stuff? It's outside my competency, especially this evening after a lot of red wine. But here's a helpful search result Google search showing the issue. --bodnotbod 21:42, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

If I donated, or let's just say 'lent', some money to wikimedia, could I be promoted to the notability and have a flattering article written about me?

John McTernan and Jack McConnell
The exact dates of the interviews of John McTernan and Jack McConnell have not been published, but as key figures in the Scottish Labour Party, where do we mention them in the article? --Mais oui! 01:10, 24 January 2007 (UTC)
 * , 23 Jan 07
 * BBC, 24 Jan 07

 * Oh, we do have a date for McConnell's interview - it was held on 15 December:
 * BBC
 * --Mais oui! 01:15, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

Anti-Semitism is blamed for furore over Lord Levy
Who thinks this should be mentioned in this article. I saw the original interview on Channel 4 and i think its notable accusation. Hypnosadist 13:48, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

File sent to CPS
I've dropped in a new section now the file on the investigation has been sent to the CPS. I've also updated the timeleine - please help expand. Now the file has been submitted, I feel it deserves its own heading/section as this is a significant development and can be added to as more information emerges. Regards. Escaper7 14:46, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

To Lend or to Loan?
Surely the verb is to lend, not to loan? I know the BBC tends to use loan as a verb in this context, but I always considered it a clumsy back-formation from the noun.

The American Heritage Dictionary says
 * "The verb loan is well established in American usage and cannot be considered incorrect. The frequent objections to the form by American grammarians may have originated from a provincial deference to British critics, who long ago labeled the usage a typical Americanism... "

so maybe I'm just a British critic labelling this usage an Americanism. I don't have access to a British dictionary currently. Interested in anyone's thoughts. <IP_ADDRESS> 15:49, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

Opening paragraphs
The current final paragraph is detailed on the Goldsmith memo injunction, which I feel is a side-issue to the new perverting-the-course-of-justice direction of the enquiry. It looks like it was put there shortly after the event and has been left. May I suggest something along the lines of:
 * The police have also investigated possible attempts to pervert the course of justice, and in particular an email that suggests that those under investigation may have presented their evidence in such a way as to hide illegal activities.
 * The police passed their file to the CPS who have since asked them to investigate further before any charges are brought.

<IP_ADDRESS> 16:04, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

Rename "Cash for Honours"?
The CPS calls this the so called "Cash for Honours" investigation, and "Cash for honours" seems a much more popular name in the media. Should we therefore rename? If so, "Cash for Honours" or "Cash for honours"? Rwendland 17:30, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

The Guardian headline for Friday was no one to face charges in "Cash for Honors" inquiry and I was surprised that when one searched for that on Wiki nothing came up rej4sl July 20
 * Support rename. TerriersFan 03:13, 21 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Support rename - 'cash for honours' used far more frequently in the media. Rissa 21:38, 21 July 2007 (UTC)

Politics of the United Kingdom
Why do we have this sidebar? Normally templates should only be used on articles that are included in the template. I think that it clutters the page. TerriersFan 13:49, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

Complaints to police
In the interests of accuracy, Angus McNeil was not the sole complainant, even though reports frequently give the impression that he was. The Metropolitan Police announced that it had received three complaints, one from McNeill and one from Elfyn Llwyd of Plaid Cymry. The third complainant remains unidentified.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/01/28/nhons28.xml

And entries for March 21:

http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/s/1011/1011754_cashforhonours_factfile.html

http://uk.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUKL2025030320070720?src=072007_0816_TOPSTORY_no_charges_in_cash_for_honours_probe

<IP_ADDRESS> 00:35, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

Rene Guenon, Modern Degeneracy and Prince Charles
Why do editors keep resisting the inclusion of the Guenonian-traditionalist critique of modern politics, as this subject is a prime confirmatory instance of the radical-traditionalist thesis on the reign of quantity over quality in modernity. Prince Charles, an adherent of Guenonian spiritual elitism himself, certainly understands these supra-economic problems which go beyond mere administrative corruption and point to corruption of the soul:

http://traditionalistblog.blogspot.com/2006/10/traditionalists-by-appointment-to-hrh.html

Nobility, in its highest spiritual and knightly sense, clearly has lost all meaning today when dignities are allowed to baseminded profiteers, usurers, dionysian popular idols and anti-Christian sodomites. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:42, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Not wishing to make prosaic considerations of wikipedia standards puncture your flight of philological fancy, but has anyone reputable drawn a comparison between these dead philosopher's thoughts and the alleged activities of Blair, Levy et al? I would have thought one could cite Aristophenes, Machiavelli, Bill the Bard and just about any political idea-monger of the last couple of thousand years in this article, but would it add any value? Is an internet encylopedia the place for 'why-oh-why' rants dressed up in flowery language? Stick to the facts, man, the facts! TrulyBlue (talk) 09:16, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

1997 Labour Party Commitments Section
The above section fails to cite any sources. If someone with knowledge on this topic could please add references to support the statements made. If references can't be founf then the section should be removed. Thanks Biggleswiki (talk) 14:03, 11 April 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Cash for Honours. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20090203095750/http://www.guardian.co.uk:80/uklatest/story/0,,-6360573,00.html to http://www.guardian.co.uk/uklatest/story/0,,-6360573,00.html
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20110909121009/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,6-2089809,00.html to http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,6-2089809,00.html

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 22:50, 29 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cash-for-Honours scandal


text:
User:Dipali Zanje

Dipali Zanje Neral India FYBSC.COMP SCIENCE Dancing,Drawimg Listening Music, Watching Movies,Travelling

title: User:Dipali Zanje


text:
Expedition 48

Expedition 48 was the 48th expedition to the International Space Station.

Jeffrey Williams, Aleksey Ovchinin and Oleg Skripochka transferred from Expedition 47. Expedition 48 began upon the departure of Soyuz TMA-19M in 18 June 2016 and concluded upon the departure of Soyuz TMA-20M on September 6, 2016. The crew of Soyuz MS-01 were transferred to Expedition 49.

title: Expedition 48


text:
User:Ryan Wikipedia

Some of the people, places or things you have written about in the article Ryan Laudan may not be sufficiently well-known to merit articles of their own. The Wikipedia community welcomes newcomers, and encourages them to become Wikipedians. On Wikipedia, each user is entitled to a user page in which they can describe themselves, and this article's content may be incorporated into that page. However, to merit inclusion in the encyclopedia proper, a subject must be notable. We encourage you to write or improve articles on notable subjects. FreplySpang (talk) 01:01, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Ryan Wikipedia


text:
Manic World Tour

The Manic World Tour was the third headlining concert tour by American singer Halsey, in support of her third studio album, Manic (2020). The tour started in Madrid, Spain on February 6, 2020, and ended in Manchester, England on March 12, 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic ended the tour abruptly before summer North American and May eastern Asia dates could be played. Originally, Halsey said it would be her last tour for "a very long time". The North American leg was originally scheduled to take place in summer 2020, but due to the pandemic, Halsey later announced that she had rescheduled the North American leg to summer 2021.

On January 22, 2021, Halsey announced the remainder of the tour was cancelled, due to continued uncertainty over the pandemic, days before the announcement for her pregnancy.

Setlist
This setlist is from the show on February 9, 2020, in Frankfurt. It is not intended to represent all concerts for the tour.

Encore
 * 1) "Nightmare"
 * 2) "Castle"
 * 3) "Heaven In Hiding"
 * 4) "Eyes Closed" / "Die for Me"
 * 5) "You Should Be Sad"
 * 6) "Haunting"
 * 7) "Forever... (is a Long Time)"
 * 8) "Dominic's Interlude"
 * 9) "I Hate Everybody"
 * 10) "Colors pt. II"
 * 11) "Colors"
 * 12) "Walls Could Talk"
 * 13) "Bad At Love"
 * 14) "3AM"
 * 15) "Finally // Beautiful Stranger"
 * 16) "100 Letters" (acoustic)
 * 17) "Is There Somewhere"
 * 18) "Killing Boys"
 * 19) "Hold Me Down"
 * 20) "Clementine"
 * 21) "Graveyard"
 * 22) "929"
 * 1) "Ashley"
 * 2) "Gasoline"
 * 3) "Without Me"

title: Manic World Tour


text:
The Fate of a Flirt

The Fate of a Flirt is a 1925 silent romantic comedy film directed by Frank R. Strayer, which stars Dorothy Revier, Forrest Stanley, and Thomas Ricketts. It was released by Columbia Pictures on November 15, 1925.

Plot
As described in a film magazine review, Sir James Gilbert, a British peer, wagers that he can win the love of a particular young American woman for whom he has his heart set. Disguised as a chauffeur, James shows his love to Mary Burgess, niece of his wealthy employer, John Burgess. To obtain the consent of Mary's aunt, the couple involves her in a harmless trick. A villain threatens blackmail and attempts to pass himself off as the Sir James Gilbert. After a variety of adventures, the blackmailer's schemes are defeated. The young woman's hitherto hostile relatives are surprised and pleased when, instead of a chauffeur, Mary becomes the bride of Sir Gilbert.

Cast list

 * Dorothy Revier as Mary Burgess
 * Forrest Stanley as Sir James Gilbert
 * Thomas Ricketts as Uncle John Burgess
 * Phillips Smalley as Sir Horace Worcester
 * William Austin as Riggs
 * Clarissa Selwynne as Aunt Louise Burgess
 * Charles West as Eddie Graham
 * Louis Payne as Simpson

Reception
The Chat (Brooklyn, New York), gave the film a positive review, saying it was a "comedy drama" with "side-splitting situations". The Bridgeport Telegram also gave the picture a good review, stating, "Director Frank Strayer was given this Janet Crothers story and was told to make it into a picture that would be memorable in every sense of picture excellence. Director Strayer followed his instructions."

Preservation and status
Complete copies of the film are held at the Cinematheque Royale de Belgique and the Museum of Modern Art.

title: The Fate of a Flirt


text:
Eurovision Song Contest 2007

The Eurovision Song Contest 2007 was the 52nd edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Helsinki, Finland, following the country's victory at the with the song "Hard Rock Hallelujah" by Lordi. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Yleisradio (YLE), the contest was held at the Hartwall Areena, and consisted of a semi-final on 10 May, and a final on 12 May 2007. The two live shows were presented by Finnish television presenter Jaana Pelkonen and musician and TV-host Mikko Leppilampi. In addition, Krisse Salminen acted as guest host in the green room, and reported from the crowds at the Senate Square.

Forty-two countries participated in the contest - three more than the previous record of thirty-nine, that took part in. The EBU decided to put aside its limit of 40 countries, which would have meant excluding some countries using a ranking order scheme. The Czech Republic and Georgia participated for the first time this year, with Montenegro and Serbia taking part as independent nations for the first time. Austria and Hungary both returned, after their absence from the previous edition. Meanwhile, Monaco decided not to participate, despite initially confirming participation. Monaco has not competed in Eurovision Song Contest ever since.

The winner was Serbia with the song "Molitva", performed by Marija Šerifović and written by Vladimir Graić and Saša Milošević Mare. This was Serbia's first victory in the contest, coincidentally the first year it competed as an independent nation. It was also the first winning song entirely performed in a country's native language since 's "Diva" in. Ukraine, Russia, Turkey and Bulgaria rounded out the top five. Further down the table, Belarus achieved their best placing to date, finishing sixth. Meanwhile, Ireland achieved its worst placing in the contest up until that point, finishing twenty-fourth (last place) in the final. Of the "Big Four" countries, Germany placed the highest, finishing nineteenth.

Location
Helsinki, the Finnish capital, was chosen as the host city, although other cities were in the running; the second-largest city of Espoo, the third-largest city of Tampere, and the city of Turku all submitted bids to host the contest alongside Kittilä, Lahti and Rovaniemi. The choice of Helsinki was justified, among other things, by the requirements of the number of people and technology, as well as its superior flight and transport connections and accommodation capacity.

Venue
A total of 11 venues in seven locations applied for hosting rights. The known possible venues for the contest included LänsiAuto Areena in Espoo, Helsinki Ice Hall, Helsinki Fair Center, industrial workshop buildings at Pasilan konepaja in Helsinki, Lahden suurhalli in Lahti, Rovaniemi Lapland Arena, Pirkkahalli (main hall of Tampere Exhibition and Sports Centre), Tampere Ice Stadium and Turkuhalli.

In the end, Helsinki was chosen, with the host venue being the Hartwall Areena. The venue is a large multi-functional indoor arena, which opened in 1997, and can take some 12,000–15,000 spectators for concerts. Its name comes from its largest sponsor, the beverage company Hartwall, also based in Helsinki. For the contest, the arena was referred to as the Helsinki Arena.

Format
On 12 March 2007, the draws for the running order for the semi-final, final and voting procedure took place. A new feature allowed five wild-card countries from the semi-final and three countries from the final to choose their starting position. The heads of delegation went on stage and chose the number they would take. In the semi-final, Austria, Andorra, Turkey, Slovenia and Latvia were able to choose their positions. In the final, Armenia, Ukraine and Germany were able to exercise this privilege. All countries opted for spots in the second half of both evenings. Shortly after the draw, the entries were approved by the EBU, ending the possibility of disqualification for the Israeli song. The United Kingdom chose their entry after the deadline because they were granted special dispensation from the EBU.

The contest saw some minor changes to the voting time-frame. The compilation summary video of all entries including phone numbers was shown twice. The voting process was the same as 2006 except there was fifteen minutes to vote, an increase of five minutes on the 2006 contest. In the final, the results from each country were once again shown from one to seven points automatically on screen and only eight, ten and twelve were read by the spokespeople. For the first time, the winner was awarded a promotion tour around Europe, visiting Denmark, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands, Greece and Germany. The tour was held between 16 May and 21 May. The event was sponsored by Nordic communications group TeliaSonera, and — as with several previous contests — Nobel Biocare. Apocalyptica were the interval act, and played a medley of songs: Worlds Collide, Faraway and finally Life Burns!, but without the usual lyrics.

Visual design
The official logo of the contest remained the same as 2006; the flag in the centre of the heart was changed to the Finnish flag. The European Broadcasting Union and YLE announced that the theme for the 2007 contest would be "True Fantasy", which embraced Finland and "Finnishness" in terms of the polarities associated with the country. The design agency Dog Design was responsible for the design of the visual theme of the contest which incorporated vibrant kaleidoscopic patterns formed from various symbols including exclamation marks and the letter F. The stage was in the shape of a kantele, a traditional Finnish instrument. On 20 February 2007 a reworked official website for the contest was launched marking the first public exhibition of this year's theme.

The shows were produced and broadcast in high-definition for the first time, following tests at the previous edition.

An official CD and DVD were released. An official fan book was also released. The themes of the postcards (short videos between the acts) were short stories occurring in different Finnish landmarks.

Participating countries
Participating countries in a Eurovision Song Contest must be active members of the EBU.

42 countries submitted preliminary applications. Although in previous years the maximum number of participating countries was 40, the EBU allowed all 42 to participate in 2007. The Czech Republic, Serbia, Montenegro and Georgia all entered the contest for the first time in 2007. Monaco announced its non-participation on 12 December 2006, and the EBU announced the final lineup of 42 countries on 15 December 2006.

Semi-final
The semi-final was held on 10 May 2007 at 21:00 (CET). 28 countries performed and all 42 participants voted. {{Legend|navajowhite|Qualifiers}}

Final
The finalists were:
 * the four automatic qualifiers, , and the ;
 * the top 10 countries from the 2006 final (other than the automatic qualifiers);
 * the top 10 countries from the 2007 semi-final.

The final was held on 12 May 2007 at 21:00 (CET) and was won by Serbia. {{Legend|Gold|Winner}}

Spokespersons
The order in which each country announced their votes was determined in a draw during the heads of delegation meeting. The spokespersons are shown alongside each country.

 * 1)  – Vidak Latković
 * 2)  – Juliana
 * 3)  – Sirusho
 * 4)  – Marian van de Wal
 * 5)  – Eva Pölzl
 * 6)  – Vanessa Dolmen
 * 7)  – Susanne Georgi
 * 8)  – Alexis Kostalas
 * 9)  – Ainhoa Arbizu
 * 10)  – Maja Nikolić (presenter)
 * 11)  – Laura Voutilainen
 * 12)  – Meltem Ersan Yazgan
 * 13)  – Vesna Andree Zaimović
 * 14)  – Maureen Louys
 * 15)  – Francisco Mendes
 * 16)  – Leon Menkshi
 * 17)  – Andreea Marin Bănică
 * 18)  – Giannis Haralambous
 * 19)  – Barbara Kolar
 * 20)  – Peter Poles
 * 21)  – Jason Danino-Holt
 * 22)  – Thomas Hermanns
 * 23)  – Lavija Šurnaitė
 * 24)  – Synnøve Svabø
 * 25)  – Sven Epiney
 * 26)  – Andrea Savane
 * 27)  – Paul de Leeuw and Edsilia Rombley
 * 28)  – Linda Martin
 * 29)  – Mireille Bonello
 * 30)  – Laura Põldvere
 * 31)  – Neli Agirba
 * 32)  – Mira Dobreva
 * 33)  – André Pops
 * 34)  – Kateryna Osadcha
 * 35)  – Yana Churikova
 * 36)  – Jānis Šipkevics
 * 37)  – Ragnhildur Steinunn Jónsdóttir
 * 38)  – Maciej Orłoś
 * 39)  – Andrei Porubin
 * 40)  – Fearne Cotton
 * 41)  – Elena Risteska
 * 42)  – Éva Novodomszky

Detailed voting results
All countries participating in the contest were required to use televoting and/or SMS voting during both evenings of the contest. In the event of technical difficulties, or if the votes of the country did not meet the EBU threshold, then a back-up jury's results were to be used. Albania and Andorra were the only countries that used juries. A draw was held in Helsinki to establish the order in which the countries presented their votes during the final.

12 points
Below is a summary of all 12 points in the semi-final:

12 points
Below is a summary of all 12 points in the final:

Broadcasts
The official Eurovision Song Contest website also provided a live stream without commentary using the peer-to-peer transport Octoshape.

International broadcasts

 * – Although Australia was not itself eligible to enter, the semi-final and final were broadcast the event on SBS, and as per previous years, took commentary from the BBC. As was the case each year, they were not broadcast live due to the difference in Australian time zones. The final rated an estimated 436,000 viewers, and was ranked number 20 on the broadcasters top rating programs of the 2006/2007 financial year.
 * – Azerbaijan was willing to enter the contest, but since AzTV applied for active EBU membership but was denied on 18 June 2007, the country missed the contest and had to wait until it was accepted. Another Azerbaijani broadcaster, İctimai Televiziya və Radio Yayımları Şirkəti, broadcast the contest. It was a preliminary EBU member at the time, and had broadcast it for the previous two years. It was the only non-participating broadcaster this year to send its own commentators to the contest.

High-definition broadcast
YLE produced the event in 1080i HD and 5.1 surround sound. This was the first year that the event was broadcast live in HD. The British broadcaster BBC broadcast the final in high definition on BBC HD. Swedish broadcaster SVT broadcast both the semi-final and the final on SVT HD. However, the event was available on DVD in standard-definition only, with no DVD or Blu-ray version available in high-definition.

Other awards
In addition to the main winner's trophy, the Marcel Bezençon Awards and the Barbara Dex Award were contested during the 2007 Eurovision Song Contest. The OGAE, "General Organisation of Eurovision Fans" voting poll also took place before the contest.

Marcel Bezençon Awards
The Marcel Bezençon Awards, organised since 2002 by Sweden's then-Head of Delegation and 1992 representative Christer Björkman, and 1984 winner Richard Herrey, honours songs in the contest's final. The awards are divided into three categories: Artistic Award which was voted by previous winners of the contest, Composers Award, and Press Award.

OGAE
OGAE, an organisation of over forty Eurovision Song Contest fan clubs across Europe and beyond, conducts an annual voting poll first held in 2002 as the Marcel Bezençon Fan Award. After all votes were cast, the top-ranked entry in the 2007 poll was also the winner of the contest, Serbia's "Molitva" performed by Marija Šerifović; the top five results are shown below.

Barbara Dex Award
The Barbara Dex Award is a humorous fan award given to the worst dressed artist each year. Named after Belgium's representative who came last in the 1993 contest, wearing her self-designed dress, the award was handed by the fansite House of Eurovision from 1997 to 2016 and is being carried out by the fansite songfestival.be since 2017.

Official album
Eurovision Song Contest: Helsinki 2007 was the official compilation album of the 2007 contest, put together by the European Broadcasting Union and released by CMC International on 20 April 2007. The album featured all 42 songs that entered in the 2007 contest, including the semi-finalists that failed to qualify into the grand final.

title: Eurovision Song Contest 2007


text:
Category:2019 Tashkent Open

This category is for the 2019 Tashkent Open, a tennis competition in the year .

title: Category:2019 Tashkent Open


text:
File:Redwall Cookbook.jpg

Summary
Book cover for The Redwall Cookbook by Brian Jacques.

Rationale of fair use for The Redwall Cookbook

 * 1) No free or public domain images have been located for this novel.
 * 2) The image is of lower resolution than the original cover.
 * 3) The image does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the novel in any way.
 * 4) For an article about a novel, the cover artwork is often a crucial source of critical commentary about the novel, and as such the artwork adds significantly to the article.
 * 5) This image is used on various websites, so its use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible than it already is.
 * 6) The cover is being used for informational purposes only.

title: File:Redwall Cookbook.jpg


text:
Talk:Samyr Lainé

Accented character in surname
What evidence is there that Samyr Laine spells his surname "Lainé", with an acute accent over the "e"? As far as I've been able to determine, it isn't accented anywhere on his "official" Web site and and there is no mention of this spelling or change from this spelling in the Bio page of said site. If he is officially known as "Laine", the "Samyr Laine" redirect should be deleted and the article should be moved to "Samyr Laine". If he was born "Samyr Lainé", that can be mentioned in the Infobox and the body of the article. — Quicksilver (Hydrargyrum)T @ 16:35, 25 April 2017 (UTC)

Mention of zuckerberg?
I found out about him because he shared a dorm room with Mark Zuckerberg. The only reference used in this article is titled accordingly. It seems strange that there is no mention of this. Anybody opposed to inserting a sentence about it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Andrew6111 (talk • contribs) 18:35, 5 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Samyr Lainé


text:
TeX/relax

Synopsis
\relax

Description
Donald Knuth describes this as telling TeX to "do nothing." This seems like a pointless control sequence at first thought. However, some control sequences act on tokens that follow it, and \relax tells TeX to stop accepting new tokens for this control sequence. This is sometimes necessary to resolve otherwise ambiguous expressions.

Examples
The following piece of code looks just fine, but... \begin{tabular}{ll} Number & Text \\ [a] & lorem ipsum \\ [b] & lorem ipsum \\ \end{tabular}

... TeX throws an Error "! Missing number, treated as zero. a". TeX just ignores the end-of-line and reads the tokens "\\[a]" as \\[length]. To stop TeX reading into such things just tell it to \relax \begin{tabular}{ll} Number & Text \\ \relax [a] & lorem ipsum \\ \relax [b] & lorem ipsum \\ \end{tabular}

so TeX (and you) keep it cool.

Exercises
de:LaTeX-Wörterbuch:_TeX_Primitiven:_\relax

title: TeX/relax


text:
Damnat

Saint Damnat (Damhnait; also known as Davnet or Dymphna) was a nun who seems to have lived and died at Tydavnet (from Tech nDamnat, meaning "House of Damnat") at Sliabh Beagh, County Monaghan, Ireland. Tradition speaks of Saint Damnat as a virgin and the founder of a church or monastery. A bachall (staff) said to have belonged to her has been preserved; in the past, it was used as a lie detector. It is now in the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin.

She is sometimes confused with Dymphna, the saint of Geel in Flanders, since John Colgan identified them as the same person in the mid-seventeenth century. Both George Petrie and John O’Donovan of the antiquities division of the Ordnance Survey c.1830/40s doubted the link between the two names.

title: Damnat


text:
Norwegian Entomological Society

The Norwegian Entomological Society (Norsk entomologisk forening, NEF) was established in 1904. The purpose of the society is to promote an interest in and the study of entomology in Norway and to establish contact between the interested parties. The society is open to both amateurs and experts. Anyone with an interest in insects or other arthropod groups can become a member.

Local branches of the society are located in the largest Norwegian cities, and they organize excursions to particularly interesting sites and guides who offer advice on identifying species and preparing collected material.

History
The society was founded by ten enthusiasts; none of them were entomologists by profession, but two were biologists. All of them shared an interest in insects. Thomas Georg Münster originally came up with the initiative, and he served as the society's first chairman. The following year, two more members joined the society and it received its first charter. Work with butterflies and beetles occupied the society's members during its early years.

Institutions were allowed to become members of the society in 1921, the first one being the Norwegian College of Agricultural in Ås. in 1922 the society started admitting individual members from abroad. Membership of the society gradually grew, and in 1930 there were about 40 individual members. The society had about 400 members in 2008. The society is open to anyone that would like to be a member.

This has not always been the case; previously, another member had to recommend individuals for membership in the society, and membership was approved after assessment by the board. For example, Arne Semb-Johansson became a member in 1939 at the recommendation of Fridthjof Økland. In the process, he received a letter from Leif Reinhardt Natvig, stating: "Through Dr. Økland I have been informed that you would like to become a member of the Norwegian Entomological Society. To that end, I am bound to obtain some information from you: date of birth, place of birth, position, and which insect group you collect or are especially interested in. I will then present the matter at the society's next board meeting. Yours, Leif Reinhardt Natvig." Later Semb-Johansson received a second letter: "I have the honor to inform you that you have been admitted as a member of the Norwegian Entomological Society."

Surveying insects in Norway
In order to be able to survey the prevalence of Norwegian insects, a simple geographical system for locating sightings was needed. In 1924, Thomas Georg Münster and others created a system that divided Norway into bio-geographical sectional areas for botanists and zoologists using number codes. Eventually it turned out that this was little used.

In 1943, Andreas Strand came up with a new system called Inndeling av Norge til bruk ved faunistiske oppgaver (Division of Norway for Use in Fauna Tasks), popularly known as the Strand System. In it, Norway was divided into 37 regions based on municipal and county boundaries, and it took into account that the fauna in the interior parts of the country differed from the fauna on the coast. Therefore, most Norwegian counties are divided into smaller areas (e.g., inner, outer, north, or south). Strand chose letter codes instead of numbers; for example, HOY is the code for outer Hordaland (Hordaland, ytre).

The system was revised in 1981 by Karen Anna Økland because the municipal boundaries had also been revised. This system is recommended by the society and is used in all publications.

Since the 1960s, UTM coordinates have routinely been used for mapping species.

Since 1978, the European Invertebrate Survey (EIS) system has been recommended. In this system, Europe is divided into squares of 50 x. In a separate limited system for Norway, the squares are adapted to the Norwegian map and numbered from 1 to 189. For example, Oslo is in the square designated EIS 28. This gives the Norwegian map a grid that is well-suited for demarcating a species' distribution.

In May 2008, the Norwegian Species Observation System (Artsobservasjoner) was launched; this is an internet-based service where sightings can be published. The Norwegian Entomological Society is one of five organizations working with the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (Artsdatabanken) to operate the website.

Journal and other publications
There were no Norwegian entomological journals in the early years. The first publications by Norwegian entomologists appeared in the Swedish Entomologisk Tidskrift (Entomological Journal), which was not unexpected because Norway was in a union with Sweden. Other articles also appeared in series published by the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters and in Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne (New Journal for the Natural Sciences). This situation was not satisfactory, and the first issue of Norsk Entomologisk Tidsskrift (now Norwegian Journal of Entomology) appeared in May 1921.
 * Norwegian Journal of Entomology is the association's research journal, and it is sent to all members. It is issued twice a year. The journal has been published since 1921; it was originally called Norsk Entomologisk Tidsskrift and it has changed its name several times. Back issues are posted online and can be read at the Norwegian Entomological Society's website.
 * Catalogus Coleopterorum Daniae et Fennoscandiae (Register of Beetles of Denmark and Fennoscandia) inventoried beetles and was published in 1939. It was the first complete register of the distribution of a group of insects in Norway.
 * Atalanta norvegica (The Norwegian Atalanta) was published from 1967 to 1983, and it was a companion publication to the Norwegian Journal of Entomology. It was dedicated to the study of Norwegian butterflies. The journal is no longer published, but it can be read on the Norwegian Entomological Society's website.
 * Insekt-Nytt (Insect News) is written in a popular science style and is the society's members' magazine. It was first published in 1976, and it appears four times a year. It contains material on collection and preparation, literature on Norwegian insects, brief presentations of insects or insect groups, and new discoveries. Other arthropod groups such as arachnids are also covered in the magazine. Issues of the magazine over five years old can be read on the Norwegian Entomological Society's website.
 * Insecta norvegiae (Insects of Norway) is a journal that publishes major works such as individual volumes, checklists, bibliographies, and so on. It is published at irregular intervals.
 * Norske Insekttabeller (Norwegian Insect Tables) is a series of inexpensive Norwegian-language booklets with identification tables for smaller groups of Norway's insect fauna. All the booklets are available on the Norwegian Entomological Society's website.
 * Catalogus Lepidopterorum Norvegiae (Register of Norwegian Butterflies) appeared in 2002, and it is based on about 125,000 sightings of butterflies in Norway. Its information is available in a searchable database.

Chairs of the society

 * Thomas Georg Münster, 1904–1937
 * Leif Reinhardt Natvig, 1937–1949
 * Arne Semb-Johansson, 1950–1953
 * Ragnhild Sundby, 1954–1959 and 1964–1967
 * Alf Bakke, 1960–1963 and 1971–1974
 * Hans Kauri, 1968–1970
 * Reidar Mehl, 1975–1976
 * Karl Erik Zachariassen, 1977–1990
 * Sigmund Hågvar, 1991–1995
 * Preben S. Ottesen, 1996–2000
 * Leif Aarvik, 2003–2007
 * Geir E. E. Søli, 2008–

Honorary members

 * Thomas Georg Münster
 * Andreas Strand
 * Magne Opheim
 * Carl Fredrik Lühr
 * Eivind Sundt
 * Astrid Løken
 * Tore Randulff Nielsen
 * Lauritz Sømme

title: Norwegian Entomological Society


text:
Pyry (given name)

Pyry (pronunciation: ) is a male (on rare occasions female as well) Finnish name with the meaning 'snowstorm', and may refer to:

 * Pyry Hannola, Finnish footballer
 * Pyry Jaala (Are), Finnish rap artist
 * Pyry Karjalainen (Puhuva Kone), Finnish rap artist
 * Pyry Kärkkäinen, Finnish footballer
 * Pyry Luminen, Finnish architect and designer (female)
 * Pyry Mikkola, Finnish violinist
 * Pyry Niskala, Finnish discus thrower
 * Pyry Rainamaa, Finnish basketball player
 * Pyry Soiri, Finnish footballer

title: Pyry (given name)


text:
George A. Steel (Michigan politician)

George A. Steel (born June 19, 1862) was a Michigan politician.

Early life and education
Steel was born on June 19, 1862, in St. Johns, Michigan. There, Steel received a public school education.

Career
In July 1878, Steel went to Sauk Rapids, Minnesota, where he took the position of bookkeeper and paymaster for the bridge construction firm James McIntire & Company. Steel then moved to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he worked in the same position for the same firm. In 1879, Steel worked as a paymaster in Nevada during the construction of the Nevada Central Railroad. In 1880, Steel became general paymaster and purchasing agent for the Oregon Construction Company, where he aided in the construction of four hundred miles of railroad in the states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. Later, the duties were combined, and Steel had full control of the company's finances.

In 1885, Steel returned to Michigan. He became vice president of the St. Johns National Bank that same year. From 1892 to 1893, Steel served as a member of the Michigan Republican State Central Committee. On November 8, 1892, Steel was elected to the Michigan Senate where he represented the 19th district from January 4, 1893, to December 31, 1894. In 1893, Steel organized the Ithaca Savings Bank, to which he became president. In January 1895, Steel formed a firm with F. A. Smith named Steel, Smith, and Company which bought and sold municipal bonds and commercial paper. Steel served two terms as Michigan State Treasurer from 1897 to 1900.

Personal life
On January 28, 1885, Steel married Cora Stout. Together, they had two children.

title: George A. Steel (Michigan politician)


text:
Jack Armstrong (English footballer)

Jack Armstrong (1884–1963) was a footballer who played in The Football League for Nottingham Forest between 1905 and 1922.

Armstrong also played cricket for Nottinghamshire Seconds and made 17 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship between 1909 and 1910.

Armstrong came from a sporting family. His brother Thomas Armstrong played cricket for Nottinghamshire and another brother Albert played for Forest Reserves on several occasions.

title: Jack Armstrong (English footballer)


text:
Gaume Natural Park

Gaume Natural Park (Parc Naturel de Gaume) is a natural park situated in Gaume, in the Province of Luxembourg, Belgium. It was created on 18 December 2014 by the Walloon government. Covering 58104 ha, it is composed of several municipalities: Aubange (sections of Rachecourt and Halanzy), Etalle, Florenville, Meix-devant-Virton, Musson, Rouvroy, Saint-Léger, Tintigny and Virton.

Objectives
The natural Park aims to value the local identity and its natural and human resources. It should improve social cohesion and quality of life in the villages. It makes it easier for information to circulate, coordinate initiatives, federate actions.

It should also make it possible for young peoples to have to possibility to live and work in Gaume, by using the know how of the region. It helps the project managers in their steps, share their means of action and give advice.

Finally, it looks forward to sensitize inhabitants to their natural, cultural and other treasures.

title: Gaume Natural Park


text:
Western Samoa at the 1996 Summer Olympics

Western Samoa competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States.

Athletics
Men's Discus Throw
 * Chris Mene
 * Qualification — 51.28m (→ did not advance)

Women's Javelin Throw
 * Iloai Suaniu
 * Qualification — 38.08m (→ did not advance)

Boxing
Men's Middleweight (75 kg)
 * Bob Gasio
 * First Round — Lost to Ricardo Rodríguez (Brazil), 4-11

Men's Light Heavyweight (81 kg)
 * Samuela Leu
 * First Round — Lost to Lee Seung-bae (South Korea), 0-14

Weightlifting
Men's Middleweight (76 kg) Snatch 127.5 kg, Clean & Jerk 160 kg, Total 287.5 kg
 * Ofisa Ofisa 18th (out of 24 competitors)


text:
silmu

Noun

 * 1) bud of a leaf.
 * 2)  lamprey

Etymology
From, equivalent to. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) lamprey

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) lamprey

title: silmu


text:
User:Sterling/fca

Only relational first order languages are used in the following.

Example: Formulation of requirements for software - here simplified to a single relation (this can refere to a static model in software-engineering, like a data model or a component structure) and requirements language is FO. So one can require the software to have properties like

While collecting the requirements the question arises can we ever stop, i.e. is there a point where the software (i.e. the relation) is uniquely specified? We consider this issue for the general case first, to find that there are cases where FO is not expressive enough to provide a unique description. Later we restric ourselves to finite models where a unique specification (up to isomorphy) is always possible.

Befor we go into the details we introduce some formalisation of uniqueness.

Elementary Equivalence
Definition Elementary Equivalence of Structures

Let $$\mathfrak{A}$$ and $$\mathfrak{B}$$ be S-Structures. $$\mathfrak{A}$$ and $$\mathfrak{B}$$ are said to be Elementary Equivalent (short: $$\mathfrak{A} \equiv \mathfrak{B}$$) iff for all S-Sentences φ it is

 * $$\mathfrak{A}\vDash \varphi$$   iff    $$\mathfrak{B}\vDash \varphi$$.

Isomorphy
Definition Isomorphism on Structures and Isomorphic Structures

Let $$\mathfrak{A}$$ and $$\mathfrak{B}$$ be S-Structures. A mapping $$p: A \to B$$ is said to be an Isomorphism from $$\mathfrak{A}$$ to $$\mathfrak{B}$$ (short: p:$$\mathfrak{A}\cong \mathfrak{B}$$) iff all of the following conditions hold:
 * 1) p is a bijection from $$A$$ to $$B$$
 * 2) for n-ary $$R \in S$$ it is
 * $$R^\mathfrak{A} a_1, ..., a_n \iff R^\mathfrak{B} p(a_1), ..., p(a_n)$$
 * 1) for n-ary $$f \in S$$ it is
 * $$p( f^\mathfrak{A} (a_1, ..., a_n) ) = a \iff f^\mathfrak{B} (p(a_1), ..., p(a_n)) = p(a)$$
 * 1) for $$c \in S$$ it is
 * $$p(c^\mathfrak{A}) \iff c^\mathfrak{B}$$

with $$a_1, ..., a_n; a \in A$$.

$$\mathfrak{A}$$ and $$\mathfrak{B}$$ are said to be isomorphic (short: $$\mathfrak{A}\cong \mathfrak{B}$$) iff there exists an isomorphism from $$\mathfrak{A}$$ to $$\mathfrak{B}$$.

Isomorphy implies Elementary Equivalence
Lemma Elementary Equivalence in Isomorpic Structures

Let $$\mathfrak{A}$$ and $$\mathfrak{B}$$ be S-Structures. It is

 * if $$\mathfrak{A}\cong \mathfrak{B}$$ then $$\mathfrak{A}\equiv \mathfrak{B}$$.

The inverse is not the case, i.e. elementary equivalent S-Structures are not isomorphic in general.

Unique specification of infinite models
In order to show that elementary equivalence does not generally imply isomorphy, consider the Peano Arithmetic, as given by the following axioms:
 * 1) $$\forall x(Sx \neq 0).$$
 * 2) $$\forall x,y((Sx = Sy) \Rightarrow x=y).$$
 * 3) $$(\varphi[0] \wedge \forall x(\varphi[x]\Rightarrow\varphi[Sx])) \Rightarrow \forall x(\varphi[x]),$$ for any formula $$\varphi$$ in the language of PA.
 * 4) $$\forall x(x+0=x).$$
 * 5) $$\forall x,y(x+Sy = S(x+y)).$$
 * 6) $$\forall x(x \cdot 0=0).$$
 * 7) $$\forall x,y(x \cdot Sy = (x \cdot y) + x).$$

Now consider N(+, *) as model A. In order to construct an elementary equivalent but not isomorphic model simply add an element a that is not yet in N. To satisfy axiom 3 we also have to add successors and predecessors starting from a. For satisfying axioms 4 to 7 the results of addiotions and multiplications of the new elements have to be added as well. So, finally we have constructed a non-isomporphic model for A that obeys all the above axioms.

Notice that this can not be done with the peano axioms, since axiom 3 ist stricter there, i.e. it is about the set of all natural numbers not just of some, as the above is.

Formalising the above leads to the following theorem:

Skolem Theorem

 * There is a non-standard model of arithmetic,

where 'non-standard' means elementary equivalent but nor isomorphic.

But it gets even worse:

Theorem

 * For every infinite structure there is a elementary equivalent and non-isomorphic structure.

We omit any proof or explaination here. This leaves us with the case of finite structures, to find out how elementary equivalence and isomorphy relate there.

Unique specification of finite models
Theorem

For finite relational structures $$\mathfrak{A}$$ and $$\mathfrak{A}$$ it is
 * $$\mathfrak{A}\cong \mathfrak{B}$$ iff $$\mathfrak{A}\equiv \mathfrak{B}$$.

Proof

"=>" follows immediately from the general case.

"<=": First, we construct a sentence to describe every possible structure generically Alltogether (by conjunction) we get a up to isomorphism unique structure. To see this, compare to the definition of isomorphy: relations and constants are determined entirely and the bijectivity is insured by the fixed number of elements.
 * The number of elements of the universe can precisely be expressed by the following:
 * ..., says that there are at least n elements in the universe
 * ..., says that the universe contains at most n elements
 * Any relation in the language can be described by describing it element by element
 * $$R x_1, ..., x_n$$, in case ...
 * $$\neg R x_1, ..., x_n$$, in case ...
 * Constants can be mapped by
 * Not to forget the equivalence relation, we add
 * Not to forget the equivalence relation, we add

title: User:Sterling/fca


text:
User:Jonnybgoode44/sandbox:World Steam Expo

The World Steam Expo (WSX) is an annual American steampunk convention, usually held over the course of Memorial Day weekend during the month of May in Dearborn, Michigan.

About the convention
Entertainment at the convention includes musicians, performers, vendors, artisans, authors, and other guests whose work is either characteristic of, or in some way linked to, the steampunk subculture. There are also a number of guests who conduct panel discussions on various subjects relating to steampunk. The convention also features special programming, including a steampunk costume contest, a high tea, an interactive murder mystery and a charity masquerade. Role-playing and cosplay are also a large element of the convention, and many guests attend the event in costume. In 2012 they added a "Miss World Steam" beauty pageant.

The convention has attracted many top-billed steampunk personalities and entertainers, including:
 * G.D. Falksen
 * Jay Lake
 * Phil and Kaja Foglio
 * Abney Park
 * The Men That Will Not Be Blamed For Nothing
 * Sunday Driver
 * Steam Powered Giraffe
 * Pop Haydn
 * The League of STEAM

History, production, and promotion
The World Steam Expo was founded in 2010 Morgan Kollin, known in convention circles as "Arthur Geissler", a fourth-generation Detroit area entrepreneur who also produces Youmacon in Detroit. The Expo is held in cooperation with Greenfield Village and The Henry Ford.

Past events

 * 2010 - The World Steam Expo was first held May 21–23, 2010 at the Hyatt Regency, Dearborn, Michigan. The convention's tagline was, "A show 120 years in the making." The convention was named "2010 New Con of the Year" by Weird Review.
 * 2011 - The second annual WSX was held May 27–30, 2011 at the Hyatt Regency, Dearborn, Michigan. The tagline was, "The Great Exhibition."
 * 2012 - The third annual WSX was held May 25-28 at the Hyatt Regency, Dearborn, Michigan.


text:
Orbelyanovka

Orbelyanovka (Орбельяновка, Orbeljanowka) is a rural locality (a selo) in Stavropol Krai, in southern Russia.

Location
Orbelyanovka is located in the North Caucasus, around 20 km west of Mineralnye Vody, and around 25 km northwest of the health resort city Pyatigorsk. The village lies on the right bank of Kuma River at 400 m above the sea level, to the north of the so-called Camel Mountain with two distinctive humps.

History
Orbelyanovka was founded in 1868 by German Christians affiliated with the Temple Society.

The village owns its name to the former landowner, the Georgian Prince Orbeliani. In the autumn of 1866, Johannes Dreher, Abram Dück and Friedrich Tietz from the Molotschna came to the Caucasus in search of a suitable place for settlement. In the valley of the river Kuma they found an uninhabited piece of land of about 10,000 desyatinas belonging to Orbeliani.

In 1867, the representatives of several German colonies travelled to Tiflis, then part of the Russian Empire, to visit the Price Orbeliani: brothers Fickel and Härter from Bessarabia, Abram Dück, Johann Schmidt, Johannes Lange from the Molotschna, Johann Gutwin and Paul Tietz from Igren by Ekaterinoslav. The Prince allowed them to rent his land by the river Kuma for 30 years, at 25 kopecks per desyatina. The colonies Tempelhof and Orbelyanovka were founded on this land in 1868. About 30 families who came from Bessarabia to settle in Orbelyanovka originally stemmed from Württemberg.

When the rental agreement had expired, the residents of both colonies moved about 200 km to the east, on the land of about 4,500 desyatinas given by the Crown. There the former inhabitants of Orbelyanovka founded the village Romanovka and the former inhabitants of Tempelhof - the village Olgino.

In 1942, during the World War II, Orbelyanovka was captured by German troops and then retaken by the Soviet army at the beginning of 1943.

Notable residents

 * Philipp Dreher - teacher and one of the founders of the village
 * Ludmila Sergeeva - painter

title: Orbelyanovka


text:
embay

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1)  To bathe; to steep.

Etymology 2
From.

Verb

 * 1)  To shut in, enclose, shelter or trap, such as ships in a bay.

title: embay


text:
Aboso Glass Factory

Aboso Glass Factory is a glass company located in Aboso, a town near Tarkwa, which is the capital of Wassa West District, in the Western Region of Ghana.

History
The Aboso Glass Factory set up by Dr. Kwame Nkrumah in 1966, was a major manufacturer and supplier of bottles for the beverage industry, among many other products. Most of the employees were residents from Aboso and other neighbouring communities. The company was renamed as Tropical Glass Factory when it was handed over to Mr. Gilchrist Olympio. However due to financial constraints, the company collapsed. In 2003, Aboso Glass Factory was placed on a divestiture listing, after ECG ceased power supply for their works. The government in 2017 has announced plans of restoring the company to its former glory with the help of some investors. In 2019, GIHOC Distilleries Company Limited declared a takeover of the Aboso Glass Factory.

title: Aboso Glass Factory


text:
Anne Wills

Anne Shirley Wills (born 3 October 1944) is an Australian television and radio personality based in Adelaide. Wills holds the record for the most number of Logies won by a person in the history of the awards, winning 19 Most Popular State Personality Logies, and one as producer of Clapperboard.

Biography
Wills was born in Wangaratta, Victoria in October 1944. When she was three years old, her family moved to Ocean Island in the Pacific Ocean, now known as Banaba Island and part of Kiribati, and lived there until the family moved to Adelaide in 1963.

Wills was spotted by Channel 9 executives during the 1964 Telethon Quest, and was offered the job of weather girl on NWS9, beginning in July 1965.

As well as appearing on a number of national television programs such as In Melbourne Tonight, Beauty and the Beast, The Bert Newton Show and Good Morning Australia, Wills has presented and appeared on many Adelaide based TV programs, including Adelaide Tonight, The Penthouse Club, AM Adelaide, Movie Scene, Christmas Telethon, Pot Luck and Close Up with Willsy. She was also the weather presenter for SAS for a number of years and, as of November 2013, has a regular weekly afternoon segment on Adelaide AM radio station FiveAA, featuring celebrity gossip.

Wills is known for her love of over-the-top earrings. Wills also commonly appears in pub quiz nights

title: Anne Wills


text:
Keaton Sutherland

Keaton Sutherland (born February 12, 1997) is an American football guard for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Texas A&M and has been a member of several NFL teams.

College career
Sutherland played four seasons for the Texas A&M Aggies and joined the team as an early enrollee. He was named the Aggies starting right guard going into his true freshman season and played in all 13 of the team's games, starting seven of them. Sutherland had surgery to repair an injured shoulder after his freshman season and missed spring practice and lost his starting position.

Sutherland eventually regained his starters spot for the final four games of his sophomore season, playing in eight games total. He started the first six games of his junior year at right tackle before undergoing an appendectomy during the bye week. He did not miss a game and returned to start the rest of the season at left guard.

Cincinnati Bengals
Sutherland signed with the Cincinnati Bengals as an undrafted free agent on April 27, 2019. He was waived at the end of training camp but was re-signed to the team's practice squad on September 1, 2019. He was promoted to the active roster on September 17, 2019 and made his NFL debut on September 22, against the Buffalo Bills. He was waived on September 25.

Miami Dolphins
On September 26, 2019, Sutherland was claimed off waivers by the Miami Dolphins. On September 5, 2020, Sutherland was waived by the Dolphins.

Cincinnati Bengals (second stint)
On September 8, 2020, Sutherland was signed to the Bengals practice squad. He was promoted to the active roster on September 28, 2020. On August 31, 2021, Sutherland was waived by the Bengals and re-signed to the practice squad the next day.

San Francisco 49ers
On March 8, 2022, Sutherland signed with the San Francisco 49ers. He was waived on August 30, 2022 and signed to the practice squad the next day. He was released on September 13, 2022.

Washington Commanders
On October 4, 2022, Sutherland signed with the Washington Commanders' practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract on January 9, 2023. Sutherland was released on August 5, 2023.

Houston Texans
Sutherland was claimed off waivers by the Houston Texans on August 6, 2023. He was waived on August 29, 2023.

Jacksonville Jaguars
On November 27, 2023, Sutherland was signed to the practice squad of the Jacksonville Jaguars. He signed a reserve/future contract on January 8, 2024.

title: Keaton Sutherland


text:
User:Jessica.jll885/sandbox

Clinical Significance

The typical host for Bordetella avium is the turkey. In turkeys this bacteria leads to inflammation of the respiratory mucosa; clinically this can present as sneezing, altered breathing, lower growth rate, vocalization changes, clear discharge from the eyes and nose, tracheal collapse, and submandibular edema. In addition their behaviour will change such that they are less active and will search out heat sources. After about 1 week of infection upon tracheal palpation the trachea will feel softened.

B. avium has also been isolated from other wild and domesticated birds including chickens, mallards, Canada geese, cockatiels, and ostriches. It is uncertain if this bacterium causes disease in all these birds or if it is a part of their normal flora. Chickens have been shown to be affected, however, they are not as severely affected with Bordetellosis as turkeys are. Most often this disease presents as severe respiratory disease in broilers, especially when they are concurrently infected with other respiratory viruses. Cockatiels and ostriches also have been shown to develop the disease but it has not yet been studied to determine how the disease presents in these birds.

Zoonosis

B. avium is an opportunistic pathogen in humans; however, it does not often infect humans unless they are already immunocompromised. If infected this bacteria presents as respiratory disease.

title: User:Jessica.jll885/sandbox


text:
User:Splat

Planned Wikipedia Articles
 * Charles Martin Loeffler
 * Franz Liszt

Planned Wikibooks
 * Cultural Anthropology / IB Cultural Anthropology
 * IB Music / Music History
 * Advanced Algebra / IB Math 3 & 4
 * Economics / IB Economics
 * IB Biology
 * Introduction to Psychology / IB Psychology

title: User:Splat


text:
Gottlieben

Gottlieben is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

History
Gottlieben is first mentioned around the end of the 10th century as Gotiliubon. It was originally part of the land owned by the Bishop of Constance. In 1251, Eberhard von Waldburg built a castle that served as the residence of the Bishops. After the Swabian War in 1499 the episcopal chief constable managed the village and the local low court from the castle until 1798. The court included Engwilen, Siegershausen and Tägerwilen as well as Gottlieben and made up the Bishop's bailiwick of Gottlieben. In 1808 the castle became private property. In 1837 it was renovated in a neo-gothic style.

Originally Gottlieben was in the parish of Tägerwilen. During the Protestant Reformation (1529) the population converted to the new faith. In 1734–35, the church was built and the Swiss Reformed Church parish of Gottlieben was formed. Since 1912, this parish has been combined with Tägerwilen.

In the 17th and 18th centuries the village witnessed an economic boom because of its convenient location for Rhine traffic. It became a commercial and trading center for salt, iron and wine. In 1678 it received market rights. Although in the 19th century small industries settled in Gottlieben (the button factory, horsehair spinning), until after the mid-20th century fishing, crafts and trade formed the main occupation of the population. After 1945, tourism developed into the main industry of the village, so that today only two boat yards and the famous restaurant Hüppenbäckerei remain. In 2000 the Bodman-Haus, the former home of the poet Emanuel von Bodman (1874–1946), opened a memorial and cultural center.

Geography
Gottlieben has an area,, of 0.33 km2. Of this area, 0.05 km2 or 15.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.05 km2 or 15.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.14 km2 or 42.4% is settled (buildings or roads) and 0.12 km2 or 36.4% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 21.2% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 6.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.0%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 12.1%. Out of the forested land, 3.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 12.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 15.2% is used for growing crops. All of the unproductive land is unproductive vegetation.

The municipality is located in the Kreuzlingen district, north-west of Kreuzlingen at the mouth of the Rhine into the Untersee section of Lake Constance.

Demographics
Gottlieben has a population of. , 31.5% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 6.8%. Most of the population speaks German (93.1%), with Italian being second most common ( 1.3%) and Portuguese being third ( 1.3%).

, the gender distribution of the population was 49.8% male and 50.2% female. The population was made up of 99 Swiss men (31.8% of the population), and 56 (18.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 114 Swiss women (36.7%), and 42 (13.5%) non-Swiss women.

In there were 2 live births to Swiss citizens and  births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 3 deaths of Swiss citizens. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 1 while the foreign population remained the same. There was 1 Swiss man, 3 non-Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland to another country and 5 non-Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources) was a decrease of 1 and the non-Swiss population change was a decrease of 1 people. This represents a population growth rate of -0.6%.

The age distribution,, in Gottlieben is; 24 children or 7.8% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 27 teenagers or 8.7% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 21 people or 6.8% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 35 people or 11.3% are between 30 and 39, 73 people or 23.6% are between 40 and 49, and 55 people or 17.8% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 40 people or 12.9% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 25 people or 8.1% are between 70 and 79, there are 6 people or 1.9% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 3 people or 1.0% who are 90 and older.

, there were 133 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.1 persons per household. there were 24 single family homes (or 51.1% of the total) out of a total of 47 inhabited buildings. There were 10 two family buildings (21.3%), 5 three family buildings (10.6%) and 8 multi-family buildings (or 17.0%). There were 82 (or 27.0%) persons who were part of a couple without children, and 129 (or 42.4%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 11 (or 3.6%) people who lived in single parent home, while there are 4 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 2 persons who lived in a household made up of relatives, 10 who lived in a household made up of unrelated persons, and 20 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing.

The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0%. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0 new units per 1000 residents. there were 150 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 3 room apartment of which there were 40. There were 1 single room apartments and 18 apartments with six or more rooms. the average price to rent an average apartment in Gottlieben was 1015.06 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$810, £460, €650 approx. exchange rate from 2000). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 1150.00 CHF (US$920, £520, €740), a two-room apartment was about 808.47 CHF (US$650, £360, €520), a three-room apartment was about 922.29 CHF (US$740, £420, €590) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1496.67 CHF (US$1200, £670, €960). The average apartment price in Gottlieben was 91.0% of the national average of 1116 CHF.

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 35.26% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (21.47%), the Green Party (15.71%) and the CVP (11.54%). In the federal election, a total of 104 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 55.6%.

The historical population is given in the following table:

Heritage sites of national significance
The Gottlieben Castle is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire village of Gottlieben and the Untersee region (Ermatingen, Gottlieben, Kreuzlingen, Salenstein, Tägerwilen) are part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Economy
, Gottlieben had an unemployment rate of 0.7%. , there were people employed in the primary economic sector and about  businesses involved in this sector. 59 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 7 businesses in this sector. 124 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 13 businesses in this sector. there were 232 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 118 or about 50.9% of the residents worked outside Gottlieben while 127 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 241 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 4.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 53.7% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 87 or 28.6% were Roman Catholic, while 161 or 53.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there are 2 individuals (or about 0.66% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there is 1 individual who belongs to another Christian church. There were 9 (or about 2.96% of the population) who are Islamic. There are 1 individuals (or about 0.33% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 41 (or about 13.49% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 2 individuals (or about 0.66% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Gottlieben about 82.8% of the population (between age 25 and 64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).

Gottlieben is home to the Götighofen primary school district. In the 2008/2009 school year there were 52 students. There were 14 children in the kindergarten, and the average class size was 14 kindergartners. Of the children in kindergarten, 10 or 71.4% were female, 2 or 14.3% were not Swiss citizens. The lower and upper primary levels begin at about age 5-6 and last for 6 years. There were 18 children in who were at the lower primary level and 20 children in the upper primary level. The average class size in the primary school was 19 students. At the lower primary level, there were 8 children or 44.4% of the total population who were female. In the upper primary level, there were 6 or 30.0% who were female, and 2 or 10.0% did not speak German natively.

title: Gottlieben


text:
User:AHACS/TWA/Earth

The Earth is home to millions of species of plants and animals, including humans.

Gnawledge, O'penn. "Planet Earth in the Balance of History". Science and Nature Journal. SandNjournal.com/Earthinthebalance. March 21, 2013. Retrieved 09:23, Tuesday, February 10, 2015 (UTC). ≈ =Earth= The Earth is the thurd planet from the Sun. It is one of the fore terrestrial planets in our Solar System. This means most of its mass is solid. The other tree are Mercury, Mars, and Venus. The Earth is also called the Blue Planet, Planet Earth, and Terra.

The Earth is home to millions of species of plants and aminals, including hughmans.

Earth is the only planet in the galaxy which is known to support life. Earth has many places that are suitable for humans to live; although, some areas of the planet can be dangerous for humans or uninhabitable. changed to make unbiased Science shows that Earth formed around 4.5 billion years ago. The organisms that live on Earth have completely changed its air (atmosphere); this is called a biosphere. 71% of Earth's surface is covered in salt water oceans. Earth is the only place in the Solar System where liquid water is known to exist at present. The other 29% is made of rocky land in the shape of continents and islands. Earth interacts with other objects in the Solar System, particularly the Sun and the Moon. The Earth orbits the Sun roughly once every 365.25 days. One spin is called a day and one orbit around the Sun is called a year. This is why there are 365 days in a year, but a leap day added to the calendar once every 4 years.

title: User:AHACS/TWA/Earth


text:
Talk:Suffolk Show

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Suffolk Show. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20120710044528/http://www.suffolkshow.co.uk:80/visitor_information/programme_of_events_2012/day_2 to http://www.suffolkshow.co.uk/visitor_information/programme_of_events_2012/day_2

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 10:26, 26 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Suffolk Show


text:
Talk:The Rarities (Mariah Carey album)

Requested move 18 August 2020

The result of the move request was: not moved   ~ Amkgp  💬  10:02, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

The Rarities (Mariah Carey album) → Draft:The Rarities (Mariah Carey album) – Per WP:CRYSTALBALL. This article should be a draft until the album is actually released. AviationFreak 💬 23:28, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Why's the problem to keep it here? Better than erase it, maybe nobody will have the good will to do it again.--88marcus (talk) 23:41, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * WP:CRYSTALBALL states that this kind of article should be avoided - I'm not trying to erase the article, just move it to the Draft Space until the album has been released. Once the album is released, it is very easy to move the page back to the article space. AviationFreak 💬 00:12, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Ok, I agree with you. ;)--88marcus (talk) 00:24, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose. The album has a definitive release date, cover art, and half of its track listing revealed. The sourcing of the article could definitely be better, but WP:CRYSTALBALL really moreso applies to albums that have a vague period of future release and next to no details besides maybe a title. This exceeds that in most areas.  Ss  112   10:20, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Support Until it has more cohesive and substantial information and sourcing. Until then, IPs and every tom dick and harry are going to make unhelpful edits. I'd keep it in a draft while it is essentially a draft in mainspsace. — Calvin999  11:19, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Support, 3 sources and 2 are tweets. © Tb hotch ™ (en-3). 16:05, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Ss112. 2/3 of the track listing has already been announced, there are (and perhaps not all are in the article yet) multiple reliable sources noting its release date, promotion, etc. I don't see where the WP:CRYSTALBALL "unverifiable speculation or presumptions" are here. Heartfox (talk) 04:22, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose, what Ss112 and Heartfox said. The album has a confirmed release date, track listing, cover art and a single coming out tomorrow. The release is only six weeks away too, I don't see the point in moving the article back to a draft space only for it to be brought back in a few weeks. I'm sure more information regarding the album will be revealed very soon. -- Lk95 09:03, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose, easier to just leave it as it is. Well covered by news sources worldwide. She is known as an icon already. CNN is also reporting about it. Vincent LUFan (talk) (Kenton!) 10:59, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm a massive fan, but being an icon and covered by CNN are not indicators of increased perceived relevance. — Calvin999  11:31, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Ah, well. I always thought being covered by a major news source is something notable hmm. Might have to change my definition a little., as for an icon, that's just a flyby note, not to worry. :) Vincent LUFan (talk) (Kenton!) 11:39, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I'd focus on the Billboard and other music sources which have already covered yet oddly are not sourced on the working page at the moment. Doesn't get much better than Billboard as a source for music info. — Calvin999  11:41, 20 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Rarities (Mariah Carey album)


text:
Template:IT-101 Info

This course will cover and define Information Technology and Computer Science. The goal of this course is to guide you to a school inside Wikiversity, and help you find courses that put you on the path to success. At the end of the course, if you plan on remaining in the School of Information Technology, a schedule can be made up for continued enrichment in that field of study.

Credits: 2.0

title: Template:IT-101 Info


text:
Gylling (Odder Municipality)

Gylling is a village in Jutland, Denmark. It is located in Odder Municipality.

History
Gylling Church was built in the later half of the 1100s.

Gylling in 1688 consisted of 22 farms and 33 half-farms, with 6 houses with land and 2 houses without land. The total cultivated area was 854.2 barrels of land owed to 154.37 barrels of grains.

Notable people

 * Karen Jeppe (1876 — 1935), social worker known for her work with Ottoman Armenian refugees and survivors of the Armenian Genocide, mainly widows and orphans, from 1903 until her death in Syria in 1935.
 * Mogens Jeppesen (born 1953), handball player

title: Gylling (Odder Municipality)


text:
Talk:Historical Introduction to Philosophy/Arguments for God

Why didn't you link to things out on the web? There are all kinds of sources there? I added a link to the Five Ways for you. . . DrMiller 04:21, 18 December 2006 (UTC)


text:
OC Photography Program/Resources

Most resources are recommended on the related pages. Here are the resources who aren't related with just one subject, or that are not covered by this book.

 * Agfa Net Great resource page with lots of information for starters and students.
 * Photo District News Magazine and webpage, dedicated to photography as a business.
 * Flickr Create your own photoblog, an easy way to share your photography with anyone. There's a great photographers community who displays their photos here.

title: OC Photography Program/Resources