text:
Dichotomous Key/Chordata

1

 * Vertebrae
 * Present -
 * Not present -

2

 * Feeding method
 * Filter - Urochordata
 * Jawless, sucking mouth - Myxini

3

 * No options yet

4

 * Jaw
 * Present -
 * Not present - Petromyzontidae

5

 * Skeletal material
 * Cartilage - Chondrichthyes
 * Bone -

6

 * Primary habitat (does not include secondary aquatic animals such as newts, aquatic snakes, whales, dolphins, ....)
 * Aquatic -
 * Terrestrial or amphibious -

7

 * Metamorphosis (not within egg or womb)
 * Present - Amphibia
 * Not present -

8

 * Scales
 * Present - Reptilia
 * Not present -

9

 * Feathered wings
 * Present - Aves
 * Not present - Mammalia

10

 * Fins
 * Lobed -
 * Rayed - Actinopterygii

11: Sarcopterygii

 * Ability to breathe air
 * Present - Dipnoi
 * Not present - Actinistia

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Dichotomous Key/Chordata


text:
Remote Oceania

Proper noun

 * 1)  The part of Oceania comprising Polynesia, Micronesia and island Melanesia southeast of the Solomon Islands, including islands such as Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga and Samoa.

title: Remote Oceania


text:
Jivan Lotay

Jivan Daulat Singh Lotay (born 25 July 1990) is an English former first-class cricketer.

Lotay was born at High Wycombe in July 1990. He later studied at Anglia Ruskin University, where he played five first-class matches for Cambridge UCCE/MCCU in 2009 and 2010. He scored 87 runs in his five matches, at an average of 17.40 and a high score of 34 not out. With his off break bowling, he took 7 wickets with best figures of 3 for 147. After graduating from Anglia Ruskin, he became an optometrist.

title: Jivan Lotay


text:
Talk:Red Oak High School (Texas)

Notable alumni
This list needs to be reffed: WhisperToMe (talk) 01:50, 19 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Jeff Logan, the attorney general of Texas
 * Mike Bacsik, MLB left-handed pitcher for the Washington Nationals
 * Melanie Rhinehart, WNBA basketball player
 * Tiki walker, Teacher.
 * Jeff Walker, NFL Defensive Back with the Denver Broncos (won 2 Super Bowl rings), Kansas City Chiefs, and Detroit Lions.
 * Jamey Russell, Lead Singer for the rock groups infant sorrow and a great thinker
 * Morris Malbahey, American football NFL [[running back
 * leslie Williams, American actress and former Dallas Cowboys cheerleader
 * Greg Olsen, NBA basketball player
 * The Rebels - 1950s rockabilly band and recording artists.
 * Mychal Kheyt, college football linebacker
 * Jason Hill, musician
 * Patric Prevo - Singer/songwriter/recording artist
 * Tammy Mabra - singer/recording artist/Addison Hill

Still several issues with Notable Alumni list/not matching up to references listed.

Notable alumni

 * Louise Ritter 1988 Olympic Gold Medalist, High Jump
 * Michelle Carter National high school record holder in Shot Put
 * Jeff Logan, 2003: Actor and singer best known for his role in current Grease musical.
 * Daniel Funderburk, 2006: Graduate of the University of London
 * Jamey Russell, curious thinker and scholar. American College football player at The University of Texas.
 * Greg Abbott - Texas Attorney General
 * Colby Houston, 2009 All-state lineman for football. Played 1 year at Angelo State University.
 * Jason Hill, American football NFL running back
 * Sarah Jaffe, Singer-songwriter signed to Kirtland records

Indyjrg1762 (talk) 09:25, 4 January 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Red Oak High School (Texas)


text:
User:Noorlox398

 * I am Noorlox398. I enjoy reading speculitive fiction, reading about the history of my interests and Winter Olympic sports.

 * I haven't worn sneakers or athletic shoes since 2013 (and i will never wear sneakers or athletic shoes ever under any cirumstances EVER). The only types of shoes that I wear are keen sandals (which i wear when I workout), regular sandals, boots (various types of boots), clarks shoes and Doc Martins. I live in the US in a decent home.

title: User:Noorlox398


text:
Emergency Medicine

Emergency medicine (EM) involves the diagnosis and management of urgent medical conditions, especially life-threatening medical situations like motor vehicle accidents, heart attacks or the ingestion of poisons. EM physicians and pre-hospital personnel, such as ambulance workers provide initial patient care with the aim of providing patient comfort and improving long-term patient outcome.

Organization of emergency medicine
Main article: Organization of emergency medicine

The specialty of emergency medicine
In some jurisdictions, Emergency Medicine is almost regarded as a sub-discipline to Family Medicine. Most authors would now hold that Emergency Medicine has become sufficiently specialised, in techniques and knowledge scope, to be a discipline in its own right. While there can be a General Practice component to many cases seen in the typical emergency room, most emergency rooms now have to deal with an acuity and complexity of case that general practitioners are no longer sufficiently skilled to handle such cases. For General Practitioners who expect to practise in smaller towns or in rural areas, it is particularly important to incorporate good Emergency Medicine experience into their training.

Usually practicing in a hospital setting, EM physicians have training to deal with most medical emergencies, and usually maintain certifications in CPR, at least the first two of the following: For those who also operate in the extramural (pre-hospital) setting: For those who specialize in pediatric trauma care:
 * Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)
 * Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS)
 * PreHospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS)
 * PreHospital Pediatric Emergency Care (PPEC)
 * Advanced Pediatric Trauma Life Support (APTLS)

In addition, in cases of disasters requiring special resources, many hospitals have protocols to rapidly deploy on-site and off-site staff.

The management of both emergency department (ED) and inpatient medical emergencies are guided by the basic ACLS and ATLS principles and protocols. Irrespective of the nature of the clinical emergency, maintenance of adequate blood pressure, adequate blood flow to vital organs and adequate oxygenation and ventilation are important guiding principles. (Although sometimes these principles must be deliberately broken, as in the deliberate clamping of an arterial bleeder to prevent exsanguination).

The first step in emergency medicine is triage: determining who (if there are multiple casualties) requires medical assistance first. Triage is done at multiple stages in the care process, especially in case of incidents involving many casualties.
 * On-site personnel decides which victims are treated on the scene and which are to be taken to a hospital, and in which order.
 * At the entrance to the ED, an ED worker (usually a nurse) determines to which treatment room each victim should be taken.
 * The ED physician checks which patient he needs to attend to first.

Introduction to emergency medicine
The art of emergency medicine can best be described using the following ideas examined upon initial evaluation: These point are known as the ABC(D)'s of Emergency Medicine.
 * Airway
 * Breathing
 * Circulation
 * Disability (neurologic)

Then the general steps of practicing Emergency Medicine:
 * Assessment
 * Diagnosis
 * Treatment
 * Disposition

The ABC's of emergency medicine are basic to life support. Every time one enters into an emergency one should determine whether the patient has an open airway, if they are breathing in an unobstructed manner, if they have an adequate pulse (circulation), if they have any obvious sources of bleeding, and if they have any (neurologic) disability (e.g. a broken neck that has led to neurological injury.)

Assessment using the ABC's is the cornerstone of emergency care and it should be a continous and ongoing process. Just because initally someone's airway is patent doesn't mean it necessarily will stay that way. So the key point is to stay flexible in assement and treament. The mark of an ED physician is someone who can manage the airway (intubate), someone who can manage the breathing of a patient (set a ventilator) and somone who can provide cardiac or respiratory support (ACLS treatment of cardiac problems like shock, myocardial infarction or arrhythmias.)

Disposition
The EM physician must decide where a patient should go after stabilization: home, to the operating room for surgery, to a regular nursing floor, to a step-down unit, to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) etc. Thus a role central to the EM physician is triage, and his or her best tool is often the telephone, in asking for advice and help. If, for instance, the EM physician encounters a patient suffering from a myocardial infarction, he or she might start MONA (Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerine and Aspirin) and promptly contact a cardiologist to take over care since "time is myocardium".

In the United States, ED physicians have completed a residency in Emergency Medicine and most U.S. hospitals require that the ED physician is board-certified in Emergency Medicine (EM). Previously, ED physicians may have trained in Internal Medicine, Orthopaedics or Surgery; however, EM is now recognized as a specialty that requires unique training. Other countries may still use generalists in the ED.

Clinical crisis protocol
The "clinical crisis protocol" is an approach to dealing with urgent problems when a patient's life is in danger and there is limited time to act. Thus, diagnosis of the problem must be accompanied by initial empirical treatment, i.e. diagnosis and treatment must be carried out concurrently, even when it's far from clear what is going on. For example, severe bradycardia (heart rate < 40) may or may not be associated with symptoms such as syncope and can be due to many different causes, (e.g. third degree heart block, beta blocker overdose, use of an anti-cholinesterase without sufficient anticholinergic (e.g. neostigmine without glycopyrrolate or atropine), increased intracranial pressure, etc.)

An approach to rapidly assess the patient the trouble is sometimes needed:

LOOK: Color (cyanosis, erythema, pallor), respirations (rate, pattern), diaphoresis, bleeding/dressings/drains, neck (jugular venous distenstion, tracheal deviation), restlessness, discomfort

LISTEN: breath sounds (?equal), wheezes, crackles, stridor, heart sounds, patient’s complaints, observations of bystanders

FEEL: pulse (rate, intensity, pattern), grip strength (esp. after muscle relaxants given), forehead (temperature, diaphoresis)

GET: help, vital signs, old chart, crash cart, labs, chest x-ray... Again, we emphasize that initial empirical treatment is essential while we are finding out what is going on. For example, in the case of symptomatic severe bradycardia, intravenous atropine (0.6 - 1 mg) should be given (among other things).

Cardiology: circulatory emergencies

 * Ventricular tachycardia / ventricular fibrillation
 * Loss of pulse in an extremity (esp. following vascular surgery)
 * Severe bradycardia or other rhythm disturbance
 * Severe hypotension or hypertension
 * Myocardial ischemia (with or without angina or electrocardiographic changes)
 * Angina, acute coronary insufficiency, myocardial infarction
 * Aortic dissection or aneurysm
 * Cardiac arrhythmias
 * Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Shock
Shock is the lack of perfusion of vital organs, that is, blood flow and pressure are inadequate to facilitate gas transport. Types of shock include:

Distributive shock

 * Neurogenic shock
 * Anaphylactic shock
 * Septic shock

Cardiogenic shock

 * Valve disease
 * Cardiomyopathy

Hypovolemic shock

 * Dehydration
 * Hemorrhagic shock (blood loss)

Pulmonology: respiratory emergencies

 * Cyanosis / hypoxemia
 * Stridor (noisy inspiration from partial upper airway obstruction)
 * Respiratory failure
 * Smoke inhalation
 * Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Neurology: neurological emergencies

 * Grand-mal seizures / unresponsive patient / coma
 * Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
 * Headaches (especially migraines, cluster headaches, and those due to intracerebral bleeds)
 * Epileptic seizure

Psychiatry: psychiatrical emergencies

 * Post-traumatic stress syndrome

Abdominal (surgical) emergencies

 * Abdominal pain
 * Appendicitis (with or without peritonitis)
 * Hernia (inguinal, incisional, femoral, or hiatal)

Urology: urological emergencies

 * Urinary retention

Penetrating injuries

 * Bleeding
 * Gunshot wounds
 * Stab wounds

Non-penetrating injuries

 * Burns (first degree, second degree, third degree)
 * Drowning and near-drowning
 * Electric shock / electrocution / electric burns

Endocrinology: endocrinological emergencies

 * Diabetic coma

Poisoning

 * Drug overdose

Critical care medicine

 * ICU monitoring
 * Cardiac monitoring (CVP, PAOP, CO etc.)
 * Neurologic monitoring (ICP etc.)

Pediatry: pediatrical emergencies

 * Neonatal resuscitation

title: Emergency Medicine


text:
User:Chaosseeker78

Digital life in Columbus through social media is one of the many things that makes living in Columbus great. Through social networks you can plan an entire weekend without having to come into contact with friends until it is time for your weekend fun. In addition to planning events with friends it makes things like social media make it very easy to stay connected with friends that you no longer see on a daily basis.

title: User:Chaosseeker78


text:
File:Harry Connick Jr Loftys Roach Souffle.jpg

Fair use rationale for Lofty's Roach Souffle

 * No free equivalent is available or could be created that would adequately give the same information.
 * The image does not replace the original market role of the original copyrighted media.
 * The image is low resolution.
 * The image has previously been published.
 * The image meets general Wikipedia content requirements.
 * The image contributes significantly to the article by identifying the subject of the article.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Film Companion

The result was delete. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk, contributions) 19:00, 25 September 2017 (UTC)

Film Companion

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

After declines at AfC Draft:Film Companion the creator just moved this to Mainspace after three declines. It's spam on a non-notable businesss by COI likely paid editor. The draft is up for deletion at MfD. A patroller removed the G11 tag so bringing to AfD. Legacypac (talk) 18:55, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of News media-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 21:52, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Film-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 21:52, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Websites-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 21:52, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 21:52, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Delete per WP:NCORP as I cannot find significant coverage from secondary sources about this company. Erik (talk | contrib) (ping me) 22:20, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Merge: with Anupama Chopra, the founder of the website. If you cannot find independent coverage of the site, see this. -- Kailash29792   (talk)  03:08, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete this SEO spam created in violation of Wikipedia's terms of use. MER-C 12:34, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Merge with Anupama Chopra as she has coverage relating to founding, and hosting/inteviewing on the website Atlantic306 (talk) 14:30, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete - can't see much non-promotional stuff to merge, but feel free to merge something if it's not promotional.  Onel 5969  TT me 16:02, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete This article tends to be quite promotional. Fails WP:GNG with no significant coverage. Lacypaperclip (talk) 21:09, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete - Non-Notable, fails WP:NCORP & WP:GNG --Cameron11598 (Talk) 05:24, 21 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
Wikiversity talk:Scholarly ethics

Votes

 * Messedrocker 21:59, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Mirwin 22:40, 16 August 2006 (UTC) flipped 27oct06 mri
 * --Sojourner001 16:44, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
 * TimNelson 10:45, 29 August 2006 (UTC) because of template requirement, and agreement with Mirwin's comments
 * Rayc | (Talk) 17:12, 10 September 2006 (UTC) (See below)
 * Daanschr 20:37, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Heltec talk  20:57, 19 November 2006 (UTC): its an good idea, but bad application. Sorry.
 * Njyoder 05:41, 23 January 2007 (UTC) - Too subjective, not realistically enforceable without the enforcers becoming propaganda pushers.

Scholars club?
As written as of this date this whole policy strikes me as non useful and not applicable. I had never considered Wikiversity as an exclusive scholars club. Rather I had viewed it as a watering hole where regular people (kids even) could learn from other people in sloppy corners with evolving works as various information or perceptions of possibilities were tested with and against each others understanding and data resources. Perhaps we need to evolve scholar zones with much higher expectations and/or student/beginer only zones where people can let their hair down and really have detailed specific discussions. I think as a starting point we could have a good article on scholarly ethics and state that we strive to work towards in specific ways such as sorting/weeding/priortizing the best links to material of various grades around the net applicable to specific subjects. As currently written this policy makes we wonder why I would be wasting time here. I am not currently a scholar. Perhaps this could be written as a voluntary guideline and scholars in self training encouraged to use the template to advertise to others to help them hold themselves to very high standards in their writings and interactions with others. Mirwin 23:05, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I think it is the case that there would be no point to having a Wikiversity project if we simply adopt Wikipedia's Neutral point of view (NPOV) and No original research (NOR) policies. However, I do expect that much of Wikiversity should fall under those rules. The critical feature of Wikiversity is that some Wikiversity pages should be allowed to explore individual points of view and some Wikiversity pages should be devoted to original research projects. Why? Learning is not restricted to learning about known "facts". Wikiversity must also concern itself with exploring the unknown. Wikiversity has two problems that arise from exploration of the unknown. First, some people who are involved with the Wikimedia Foundation do not want Wikiversity to be allowed to step outside of the restrictions of the NPOV and NOR policies. In order to deal with these folks, we need to show clearly that the Wikiversity community has a coherent plan that will allow Wikiversity participants to do some work outside of the restrictions that are imposed on scholarship/exploration of the unknown/learning by the NPOV and NOR policies. Second, there is honest debate about how to move Wikiversity beyond the restrictions of the NPOV and NOR policies. During the beta phase of the project, we have six months to sort this out. I originally proposed that Wikiversity adopt Wikipedia policy until the Wikiversity community can define new policy that is suited for our unique project goals. I believe that the Wikiversity community needs to define a coherent set of policies to support those Wikiversity participants who will edit pages outside of the confines of the NPOV and NOR policies. I think that a Wikiversity policy for Scholarly ethics will allow Wikiversity to support scholarly efforts such as original research that need to move beyond the confines of NPOV and/or NOR. If Wikiversity adopts a policy on Scholarly ethics doing so will not mean that Wikiversity will become an "exclusive scholars club". Many Wikiversity participants will never stray outside of the confines of the many Wikiversity pages that will continue to be regulated by Wikipedia-like NPOV and NOR policy. The idea of providing support for Wikiversity "scholar zones with much higher expectations" is the intent behind the Scholarly ethics policy. However, even if most Wikiversity participants will not need to be consciously concerned about the Scholarly ethics policy, I do think that all Wikiversity participants can benefit from the existence of a Scholarly ethics policy because it can help to push the basic culture of the Wikiversity community in favorable directions. --JWSchmidt 23:18, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Edifying and persuasive as usual JW. I have flipped my vote and added a scholar tag to my user page.  At a minimum it should enourage anyone who wants to know to ask what my POV of convenience was and how or why it was selected.  Mirwin 11:03, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Usual scholarly ethics unnecessary
When I here "scholarly ethics" I think: Don't cheat, don't lie, don't claim other peoples work as your own. Cheating is either going to be impossible (wikiversity sans exams) or universial (self-testing), lieing will be covered under a WP:V type policy, and claiming other peoples work as your own is both impossible and ingrained into the techical software of the wiki.--Rayc 23:18, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Template requirement

 * What I don't like about it is the template requirement. What are we going to do if they don't have that template when they edit a certain page? Revert their edit? People should be responsible for knowing applicable policies when they edit; they shouldn't need a template on their page to do so. Though the idea of scholarly ethics is a good idea. Messedrocker 21:59, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree -- I think the Disclosures template, which links to the Disclosures page itself, which links here, should be sufficient. TimNelson 10:43, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

Beliefs

 * It needs work. It may be unenforceable except through diffuse and shifting community pressure.  The people (the ones I view as non mainstream, not necessary the same ones you or others view as non mainstream) in apparent violation (if we do not assume good faith) may be incapable of immediate understanding of why they are censored.  HOw do you tell the difference between someone deceptively pushing propaganda in outright violation of the policy and the actual true believers who honestly believe they merely need show you/me the truth to change your/my entire world view?  If you believe the true believers are incorrect in their POV, then they are exactly those in most need of the diverse but accurate learning resources and communities we intend to provide.  How can they learn our correct worldview, if they are not allowed to explain theirs in detail and as a group we/they analyze both detailed chains of reasoning and/or starting assumptions?  They and we will learn more interacting with each other than either group in isolation, if one group is censored from this site.  Who picks the final arbiter of which group is intellectually dishonest?  On Wikipedia it is the Arbcom appointed by Jimbo and "Jimmy says" flashgrams.  Fine.  They are putting together an excellent mainstream encyclopedia and possibly need only a subset of humanity as editors.  We are putting together a humanity wide set of learning processes and materials regarding human knowledge.   How is this to be done by arbitrarily dismissing groups of true believers such as scientists (many of whom as an article of faith are atheists), religious groups (all of whom disagree with each other as an article of faith)(not to mention various sects of similar religions or cults), nationalists of various flavors claiming the same lands for conflicting reasons poorly documented in conflicting historical resources, conflicted philosophers (some think it obvious what is fair and beautiful in the universe others claim might makes right) etc. etc.  Maybe it would read better as goals to strive towards without specific condemnation or enforcement clauses.  Mirwin 22:40, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm with Mirwin. TimNelson 10:44, 29 August 2006 (UTC)
 * "HOw do you tell the difference between someone deceptively pushing propaganda in outright violation of the policy and the actual true believers who honestly believe they merely need show you/me the truth to change your/my entire world view?"
 * You can challenge them. Observe their reactions. And give them the benefit of doubt.---Hillgentleman 02:33, 12 November 2006 (UTC)
 * And your observations of their reactions will still be subjective. Not to mention, there are numerous people who honestly push propaganda--they sincerely believe what they're saying is true and that they're obeying scholarly ethics.  This creates a massive issue for subject areas that essentially propaganda magnets and impossible to objective regulate, especially in the humanities: religions, oppression fighting movements/counter-movements (e.g. African-American & Women's studies), arts, history, philosophy, politics, etc....  What conceivable objective criteria and processes could you design to avoid propaganda being pushed this way, especially if it's done honestly?  Don't just say "it's common sense," because we all know that fails horrible as a policy and equates to an oligarchy--so do something other than proposing another oligarchy (elite ruling body like the arbcom which decides for everyone).  Njyoder 05:54, 23 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Answer: Self-consistency and depth. Njyoder, To non-believers, Christianity is an exact  example of  propaganda done with complete sincerity.  However, since they have developed a more or less complete, self-consistent and deep theory,  it is still very interesting.---Hillgentleman|Talk 06:33, 23 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Objectivity is something that cooperating scholars strive for through open discussion, challenges to ideas and exploration of conflicting ideas. A community of scholars creates objectivity from subjectivity. I think it is unrealistic to have a desire for a finite set of "objective criteria" by which content can be judged as "acceptable" or "unacceptable". Scholarly explorations constantly reveal new issues that must be evaluated on their own merits, not by consulting some body of existing rules. A scholarly community must observe the actions of its members and decide if those actions promote discovery and learning. Similarly, communities of scholars do look for ways to apply expert knowledge and such communities do make use of the help of experts to guide the group in the task of sorting "acceptable" from "unacceptable" scholarship. My reading of history tells me that this sorting task does not involve an "elite ruling body"; it requires an open community of scholars in which the views of experts are used for guidance while experts and leaders are also open to questioning and challenge by all. Wikiversity will be an experiment to test if wiki technology can allow a community of scholars to function efficiently online. --JWSchmidt 13:51, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Peer review

 * The concept of scholarly ethics is a good one, but a little more complicated than can be expressed in a single wiki policy document. Ethics in academia are enforced via peer review - and while that's possible here, for a good time yet the user base is going to be too small and insufficiently qualified to do that diligently enough. I don't have an answer to this quandry.Sojourner001 16:44, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree that Wikiversity needs a policy on Peer review. I have started to bring some ideas about peer review over from their original location at the meta wiki; currently some destinations for key hypertext links only exist there. --JWSchmidt 23:28, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

Misc

 * My first impression of this proposal is its imperious tone. The threatened sanctions for misbehaviour make me feel that I don't want to have anything to do with these guys.  No legitimate scholar wants to produce when members of a truth squad are looking over his shoulder.  Who are you requiring to add this template?  If any should have it (or a much revised version) apply, it should be the administrators who could then be held to a higher standard.  Scholarly ethics reflect the way a person thinks and applies himself to the task at hand, and includes an ability to adapt to circumstances.  It also includes the ability to show a modicum of common sense.  Unless its violation results from a massive conjunction of misbehaviours, the consequences of specific acts that are possibly unethical need to be considered in their own contexts.

 * The questions of NOR and NPOV belong in separate discussions. In the vast majority of situations, I don't think that NOR should apply.  NPOV should be applicable, but needs to be adapted to Wikiversity's own self-image.  There must be some articles (lectures?) that are exempt; as ethical scholars we need access to POVs presented by their proponents.  We can only provide fair discussions when we know the genuine views rather than ones that have been imputed to them.

 * The final criticism relates to the excess verbiage on the page, but that's not unusual in the early draft of any document. Eclecticology 05:51, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

Can this attitude work?
When I read up to the yellow label, stating "This ... will ... (not) ..." I stopped. I firmly believe this to be a wrong attitude towards reaching a - possibly honourable - goal.

Put to an extreme: Will it help to have a terrorist, having a bomb in his backpack, sign a flyer that he comes with a piecful mind? I expect him to sign whatever you ask him to sign and finally blow off his bomb. Will it help to ask a firmly convinced christian fundamentalist to sign a paper saying that he will be respecting religions? I doubt. His faith is with gods bible, he must be believing that christianity were superior, in fact the only true religion, as he reads the bible to say just that. You will easily find many more examples of that kind. People having certain convictions will not always be able to see themselves as people having certain convictions, which cannot even blame them for, so you cannot expect them to label their work accordingly.

I am not against labelling someone, or somehting. On the other hand, I consider that not very necessary. Bias is not usually a hindrance to learning (only not switching schools, and teachers is) and Bias is usually pretty evidently presenting itself. Ok, you need sometimes some basic education in order to get it, but learners do not come to wikiversy with blanked minds, do they. For example, if I read someone explaining the history of the United States of America as a series of violations of human and civil rights, and broadly exemplifying how even today, they politcally, socially, and legally deprive citizens of their human right to live their own sexuality, I might suspect the writer to be e.g. gay or lesbian. They may, or may not, have a "gay activist" button on their personal pages, I'm pretty confident to find that out myself.

If I don't trust someone, or do not like her/his way of writing, I might go elsewhere and read other authors. So some of the intent behind this kind of signed statement will likely be reached automatically by market force.

--Purodha 17:07, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Against this proposition
I am in favour of changing the tone of this proposition. I think that a template will not prevent people from trying to impose propaganda, deception and intellectual dishonesty. A solution could be to allow researchers to form different groups of their own liking who can include and exclude others in their group for whatever reason they want themselves. The more respectable groups among these will probably get positive feedback from scientists and intellectuals around the world, if Wikiversity becomes a succes. So, i am in favour of the silence of social control instead of hard rules that can be misused against those whom were supposed to be protected by them.--Daanschr 21:07, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

Useful and in the right direction in balancing freedom and harmony
I consider this page useful. ''and any questionable edits that you make will be reverted or challenged. A demonstrated pattern of vandalism or disdain for the practice of scholarly ethics will result in blocks from editing and ultimately a ban from participation.'' ---Hillgentleman|User talk:hillgentleman 23:14, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Freedom and harmony are delicate. It is often difficult to balance the two.
 * This policy will serve as a useful bottom line, above which we can discuss with complete freedom. One should not expect to enjoy great freedom without first being responsible.
 * The template is a reasonable and useful disclaimer. It frees the wikiversity scholar, in the sense that one need not worry about making mistakes so long as she is honest.
 * The followings words are already implied, and need not be spelt out, if people don't like them.

 * What is the difference between scholarly ethics and the practise of fighting vandalism and pov-pushing on Wikipedia? I don't like the use of the word honesty. I prefer verifiability above honesty. People can make honest mistakes, but only verifiability can make sure that a mistake will be fixed.
 * I like the use of the words trust and responsibility, because i am in favour of commitment and improving quality.

 * These two sentences are part of the template: This editor will not attempt to use Wikiversity as a platform for advocating or advancing propaganda or any other type of deception or intellectual dishonesty, but rather, this editor is devoted to scholarly consideration of all topics of study. This means not distorting or hiding evidence and not crafting illegal, deceptive, dishonest or otherwise unethical accounts of facts or ideas.
 * I have a problem with the words advancing propaganda. What propaganda is for one person can be knowledge for the other. A propagandist can be honest in his opinion that the propaganda is just. It could be said that this template makes propaganda for scholarly ethics, which means that the text is intenally contradictive.
 * The words distorting or hiding evidence are too naive. Knowledge can only be understandible through generalizations, especially in a learning proces. In social sciences (the study of human behaviour), it is impossible to give all information. Human actions are, through memory, connected to events that happened billions of years ago and to places billions of years away. There are billions of reasons that could lead to a single action where humans are involved. It is impossible not to hide and distort evidence, because researchers can't comprehend anything they learn from their research. Verifiability can solve the problem. Veriafialibility is of the most importance at my university (honesty is has never mentioned as important). It is important as well on Wikipedia.
 * I think this template is not useful for helping researchers. If i have to choose between the scholarly ethics at present and the NPOV-policy of Wikipedia, then i would choose for the NPOV-policy.--Daanschr 13:29, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

 * "only verifiability can make sure that a mistake will be fixed" <-- My expectation is that the vast majority of Wikiversity pages will be edited according to the traditional Wikimedia Foundation NPOV policy. When dealing with most topics in education, most people are open to the idea of presenting and discussing all significant points of view. However, we know from our history that important ideas initially arising as minority points of view are sometimes eventually adopted by the vast majority once those ideas have a chance to be explored and understood. Many great ideas start out as fragile ideas that need to be protected. If we fully support the search for knowledge then scholars need to be given the freedom to explore and discuss unusual and unpopular ideas. Wikiversity needs policies that allow for some pages to exist outside of the restrictions of the NPOV policy. Fragile new ideas are not subject to verifiability in the traditional way that Wikipedia editors verify sources and citations. "What propaganda is for one person can be knowledge for the other" <-- In my opinion, "propaganda" is like "pornography", every community has its own standards. A key community practice within Wikimedia Foundation projects is to provide readers with information and let the readers make their own judgments about the political, religious and moral implications of the information. I think the Wikiversity community will be able to develop its own standards for distinguishing between undesirable propaganda and desirable explorations of ideas. It is true that any human society includes members who cannot distinguish between honesty and dishonesty and who cannot understand the idea of their society placing bounds on human behavior such as designating some actions as criminal. That does not stop social groups from working together to establish social conventions and enforce them. I think the Wikiversity community will find it easy to recognize editors who make honest mistakes, discuss those mistakes, and are willing to make corrections. It will also be easy to identify editors who are using dishonest and deceptive methods to push particular positions on morality, political or religious points of view. I'm not saying that setting such standards and making such distinctions will be simple and accomplished without argument, but I think wiki technology provides us with the communication and collaboration tools that are needed to meet the challenge of opening Wikiversity to academic freedom and some page editing beyond the NPOV restrictions. We just need to establish a set of policies that will support the community as it discovers how best to allow academic freedom without also inviting in those who would abuse and disrupt the educational mission of the Wikiversity project. --JWSchmidt 19:30, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Propaganda:Let us distinguish the two roles of wikiversity: studying old knowledge (teaching)and seeking new knowledge (research).
 * In teaching, it is unavoidable that a teacher has her points of views, and some even amount to propaganda. But that may not be a serious issue; after all, the knowledge is already understood.  Another scholar with another point of view may comment on the lesson to make it more comprehensive.
 * In research, propaganda should be prohibited, because it runs against the spirit of truth and objectivity.---Hillgentleman|User talk:hillgentleman 22:28, 21 November 2006 (UTC)
 * This kind of stark division between teaching and research is common in "factory schools", but we do not have to accept that model of education. Personally, I prefer a model in which research is a central and integral component of learning. Wikiversity is a place where we can use wiki technology to support collaborative learning and active learners; it does not have to be a place for teachers to dump facts into the heads of passive learners. The idea of allowing propaganda in education is counter to principles that have guided the development of Wikimedia projects; for example,  "let the facts speak for themselves" and "trust readers to form their own opinions". It is possible to explore topics from a particular point of view without crossing the line into propaganda.

 * In many sciences (like physics), it will be hard to understand and contribute to research, because lots of general knowledge is required in which it would be good to have a teacher with authority. I am a historian. In history, teaching and research could be integrated. My plan for history is to have people read the most well-received books and articles on a subject and to have a debate on all this literature. Controversial subjects in history could get the debate very emotional. Therefore, i would like to have participants to such debates to have the freedom to expres their emotions, which would involve dishonesty and propaganda. The outcome of a debate doesn't need to have a result. I have started one controversial subject already Death, Desire and Loss in Western Culture. Would do you think about it?--Daanschr 15:54, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

 * A solution to the problem of protecting controversial new ideas in research could be that the researchers working with this new ideas have the power to exclude people from their own project, so they will have authority on the contents of parts of their texts. Researchers who like eachothers methods of research and treating other people could cooperate with eachother.
 * About plagiarism: if new research is open available on the internet, then others can steal the knowledge and use it for their own. It could be an idea to do research secretly and to give only a small indication at the public pages of Wikiversity of what is going on.
 * I spoke with a Frenchman on Wikiversity Beta who was so busy that he could be active on Beta, only in 2007. This makes my point clear that research without money is very hard to do. Research needs commitment. Only salaries can provide commitment, because researchers will not have a full time job next to their activities on Wikiversity. What Wikiversity could do is providing a platform for those who already do research on universities. Psychologists have already created such a platform (Psychology Wikia)--Daanschr 08:42, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 *  the power to exclude -- It is too drastic.  We can deal with this issue more conveniently with the civility policy.   People who disagree are welcome, people who vandalise are not welcome.
 * People who vandalize are not welcome anywhere on the internet. There are no scholarly ethics needed for ending vandalism.--Daanschr 15:54, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * providing a platform for university researchers -  It will probably be one important function of wikiversity.  But we probably want more.
 * A growth plan is needed. At the moment there are hardly any people here. It is good to think practical next to having ideals.--Daanschr 15:54, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * to do research secretly Everybody is free to post as much or as little as she wants on wikiversity.  But being too secretive is not helpful in a collaboration.Hillgentleman|User talk:hillgentleman 09:09, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I was thinking about how to ensure having researchers with good quality at Wikiversity. They need some protection for their ideas.--Daanschr 15:54, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Many scholars are already good at writing in such ways that only their own circles of people can understand.  Do you want to have pages which can only be seen by designated people?---Hillgentleman|User talk:hillgentleman 22:17, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * It would be could to adress researchers not to use unnecessary technical terms. What i want is that we adapt to the demands of researchers who perform with high quality, otherwise these researchers will simply refrain from joining us. Being accesible to contributors is the reason why i am scepticle about the scholarly ethics. Personally, i like honesty, trust and responsibility. But i am afraid that the scholarly ethics are missing the goal.--Daanschr 19:17, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
 * people could steal ideas- Everybody can certainly use the new ideas posted. But the credit of the idea itself goes to the originator, because everything on wikiversity has a time stamp.--Hillgentleman|User talk:hillgentleman 09:16, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * There are many examples of people who had an idea and didn't get any money out of it. Other tresearchers, large companies or governments use their ideas for their own benefit. An example is Einstein. Einstein never used footnotes, so when he wrote texts, he took credits for ideas he used from other people. The time stamp is a great asset indeed, but i don't think it will be sufficient.--Daanschr 15:54, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree that Wikiversity participants should be free to experiment with new methods and reasons for protecting pages from editing. Wikipedia has one page on each topic. Wikiversity can have many pages on the same topic, one for each point of view about the topic. I think Wikiversity pages should be able to hold statements describing a particular approach for how to edit that page outside of NPOV guidelines. --JWSchmidt 15:41, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

Research Paradigms
I propose that Faculties, Divisions, Schools, Institutes, Projects... describe their basic assumptions or research paradigm on their main page. Research of different subcommunities may then follow different paradigms and approaches. The Wikiversity policy should then be that when material is put into a section, it must comply with the paradigm defined there. If you want to do different reserch, you should put it somewhere else. Especially in the Humanities/ Social Sciences etc. there might be different and sometimes contradicting approaches to topics. To avoid conflicts and misunderstandings, theses should be made explicit. So the Wikiversity policy should not make any prescriptions about the paradigms, just demand them to be made explicit and to be regarded when adding contributions. I have tentatively tried something like that on Topic:History of Racism. What do you people think? Hard sciences should also make their research paradigms/biases/underlying assumptions/beliefs explicit (e.g. that a real world goverend by laws of nature exists, or that parrallel universes exist or don't exist etc.). This would not stop creationists to put their work here, they would just be forced to make their basic assumptions explicit and could be kept out of the scientific biologist's pages.Nannus 20:07, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I made an explicit link to Disclosures in the "see also" section of Scholarly ethics. The "Disclosures' policy is for when Wikiversity participants move beyond the traditional Wikimedia Foundation NPOV policy. "the genetic diversity of humans does not justify any division of them into 'races'." <-- One problem I see with this approach is that some very easy-to-satisfy biological definitions of "race" have been proposed, for example:

 * "A population which differs significantly from other populations in regard to the frequency of one or more of the genes it possesses. It is an arbitrary matter which, and how many, gene loci we choose to consider as a significant "constellation" (Boyd 1950)." (see Race at Wikipedia).

 * "Also, there is going to be continuing interest from the medical community directed towards attempts to target medical treatments to particular genotypes. It seems like the question becomes if any existing biological or medical justifications for continued use of the term "race" are countered by the existing reasons to avoid using a term that is also associated with past political, social and economic policies that we do not wish to perpetuate.--JWSchmidt 21:31, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

A different approach
When I started at my current job, I was informed that employees are subject to both negative and positive reinforcement. Negative reinforcement referred to correctional actions, whereas positive reinforcement referred to incentives. For the last five years, I have seen quality employees molded quite effectively using these two complimentary approaches.

This policy strikes me as a "negative reinforcement" approach. Perhaps the problem with the policy is that we are trying to enforce scholarly ethics (a difficult task without NPOV & NOR), instead of reward it. I think we might have better success with a policy that rewards scholarly work while simultaneously punishing vandalism and other blatant misdemeanors.

As for what the rewards system might be, I'm not sure. I think that we have to look at the values/motivations of our quality contributors, and understand why such editors decide to contribute to Wikiversity. I myself do so because I enjoy producing a piece of work that will be useful and used by many people. If that is a common motivation, then perhaps Wikiversity should offer quality editors ways to popularize their work which are not available to the average editor or vandal.

For instance, it was mentioned that a peer-review system could be installed to enforce quality work; what if such a system were voluntary, where editors could submit their work to be reviewed. Then, if a page/set of pages passed peer review (perhaps after some revisions), a "peer reviewed" template and/or category tag could be applied, to demarcate exceptional work. Perhaps, even, we could convince MediaWiki programmers to add a "search peer reviewed" check box next to the search box which would display only pages in the "peer reviewed" category.

Another idea is to do a similar thing with a "scholarly" template/category tag. As I was reading about peer review, either above or on the page it linked to, it was noted that a peer review system is at present beyond the capabilities of our small user base. An alternative would be to create a "scholarly" category/template in which editors can place their pages themselves. Placement of the template would require compliance to some scholarly ethic policy (perhaps similar to this one?), thence helping to separate the scholarly material from the not-so-scholarly.

What do you guys think?
 * --Opensourcejunkie 15:20, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

Status?
I not so recently got a welcome template (although I can't find which one it was, it doesn't seem to be in Category:Welcome templates) and Scholarly ethics was linked. I finally actually read it closely and noticed the ethics link. So I followed the link, read the Scholarly ethics template, thought it seems like a good idea to me, and added the template to my user page. But in reading this talk it seems the idea has been roundly rejected. Is that correct? Very few users seem to have the template on their page. Why is it linked from the welcome template? (or is that just historical?) Just a bit curious here. ++Lar: t/c 17:43, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Lar, As I can know it, it was rejected not because it was a bad idea, but that it needed improvements; The problem is that little improvment has been made (and some of these ideas may not even be suitable for a enforceble formal policy).   Wikiversitians are of course free to adopt these ethics voluntarily.  However, participants engaged in research are advised by the research guidelines to adhere to them.Hillgentleman|Talk 04:27, 19 July 2008 (UTC)

Wording literally requires that signer writes 100% complete academic review topic on "all" topics
"all relevant scholarly evidence, facts, analysis, and ideas within all scholarly topics of study"

The second "all":

The only way that someone could get anywhere near carrying out what is literally claimed here would be to import all the 1 million or so scholarly articles of the w:Wikipedia here ("scholarly" can exclude all the US-pop-culture stars that seem to constitute a big part of the en.wikipedia) into the Wikiversity, or at least heavily cross-reference to the Wikipedia. This could only be possible using a robot.

The first "all":

Clarifying that only the pages that the signer contributes significantly to are covered by the statement would still not satisfy the statement. Wikipedia has a notability requirement that is stronger than a "relevant" requirement. Evidence, facts, analysis and ideas may be relevant but not widely enough known/supported/understood to be notable. Writing a really complete review on a topic that you do research in would be a huge effort (i haven't done this yet), and doing that without getting formal brownie points for your academic career for all this work would probably discourage any university researchers from doing so.

If this is supposed to reply to a teaching project, this would also be ridiculous. You can only cover a few key really new ideas in each lecture, over a dozen or so lectures, in a typical course. Of course you need to do your best to present the most important empirical evidence and theoretical arguments, including unsolved, contradictory information, etc. But no student is going to learn "all".

To put it another way, $$\forall$$ is a very strong idea that should not be trivialised.

(i'm not saying that the idea of a statement like this is a bad idea, but more work would be needed in improving the wording. i'm not saying that it's a good idea, either. Radically transparent peer review using mediawiki software and Wikipedia culture to support these should already help a lot. But i do see the point about what to do with reports on "what was done and when and why" or other pages that may need protecting and the wiki processes cannot function quite the same way as on Wikipedia.)

Boud 22:41, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

 * There is an obvious problem with the wording that Boud cites. This requires some thought, at least for me! The goal is that a scholar does not exclude the full body of work, but, in many fields, nobody is aware of all of the work! --Abd 15:20, 11 March 2011 (UTC)

Consequences of the failure to adopt a policy on Scholarly Ethics
In the absence of an agreed-upon policy on Scholarly Ethics, a number of problematic practices arise that undermine the integrity of both the project as a whole and the integrity of the work of scholars here.

Presently, it is commonplace for a Custodian to block a scholar on specious and unjustified grounds, over disputes that should be resolved in a more civil, collegial, and congenial manner through discussions and mediations.

In these cases of autocratic exercise of power, the comity of an otherwise democratic collaborative learning community is disturbed and supplanted by a disruptive political drama that can persist for weeks and even months, even to the point of sundering the community as it descends into absurd psychodrama.

In my case, I have reasserted my unalienable right to challenge the erratic behavior of autocratic custodians by continuing to participate without logging in.

Two of the largely unappreciated consequences of doing so are:

 * 1) It's nearly impossible to use the Special:Contributions page as a functional index into the corpus of my contributions here.
 * 2) Adversarial editors can exploit that loss of indexing and attribution to corruptly redact my original contributions and later republish them, making it appear as if they were their own original contributions.  When automated systems later compile derivative summaries, the automated attribution systems are likely to misattribute my original work to someone else who had nefariously redacted my original work and then republished some or all of it later as if it were their own original and independent work.

In cases of original research, the loss of reliable attribution may also become a matter of the integrity of a body of research and a matter of scholarly ethics, where it's important to maintain a functional and reliable record of the identifiable authors who did the original work.

Moulton 16:16, 9 March 2011 (UTC)

Extreme statement in the present draft of this proposed policy
''This Wikiversity editor in their contributing to scholarly works, agrees to strong scholarly ethics. In particular this Wikiversity editor: [...] Will respond to all questions about the ethical caliber of their contributions on their talk page.'' (emphasis added)

This has been interpreted by at least one Wikiversity user to require any and all questions be answered about any and all "contributions" -- including maintenance contributions -- by any editor at all -- including blocked editors.

Not all work on Wikiversity is "scholarly." This policy is intended to address, "scholarly contributions," as it says, in their contributing to scholarly works.

Further, any scholar has the right to refuse to respond to hostile questioning that is not, itself, presented in a scholarly way, but which is insulting or harassing. When a question is presented in this manner, a scholar may refuse to answer, and may remove the question from their talk page or otherwise respond as the scholar chooses. If there is a legitimate question, the questioner may restate it, in a more cooperative manner, seeking clarification, not impeachment or blame. If the questioner has been asked to not post to the user's talk page, another editor may act as an intermediary, asking the question in a proper way.

Agreeing to the scholarly ethics policy is not a suicide pact. I would add the qualification "civil and reasonable" to the noun "questions." Okay? --Abd 15:17, 11 March 2011 (UTC)
 * This has been interpreted by at least one Wikiversity user to require any and all questions be answered about any and all "contributions" -- including maintenance contributions -- by any editor at all -- including blocked editors.
 * I read that to mean you would like to have First Class Citizens who are entitled to be treated in an ethical manner, and Second Class Citizens who are not entitled to be treated in an ethical manner. Am I misreading you, Abd?  —Caprice —16:29, 11 March 2011 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity talk:Scholarly ethics


text:
Dennis Housden

Dennis Housden (born 15 March 1953) was an English professional association footballer of the 1970s. He was born in Islington, and played in the Football League for Gillingham, making 16 appearances.

title: Dennis Housden


text:
Aydlett, North Carolina

Aydlett is an unincorporated community in Currituck County, North Carolina, United States. The community is located on the western shore of Currituck Sound, 10.3 mi south-southeast of Currituck. Aydlett has a post office with ZIP code 27916, which opened on August 10, 1900.

title: Aydlett, North Carolina


text:
User:Bug Fixer 2020/sandbox

Aruvithura Church
St.George Forane Church, Aruvithura is a popular pilgrim center located in Kottayam district, Kerala.The church was established by Saint.Thomas during his spiritual visit in kerala.

title: User:Bug Fixer 2020/sandbox


text:
User:SWLWWchase

You see I'm a firm believer that time heals all wounds, but sometimes the problem is that we forget that some wounds take longer to heal, and all that we can do is apply the magic, A.K.A

"TIME",Listen i don't know you, or what your going thru, but I do know that we all have something or in some cases "someone" that has hurt us, and today I'm here to tell you that it may take a day, a month, or even a year that, that pain may eventually subside, you just have to trust that it takes time

title: User:SWLWWchase


text:
User:IShadowed/Sandbox

The Nastia Liukin Supergirl Cup is an annual gymnastics competition hosted by Olympic gymnast Nastia Liukin. The event arose through a partnership between Liukin and USA Gymnastics, with the intent to encourage young women towards "commitment, dedication, sportsmanship and goals". Eligible to compete are non-elite level 10 female gymnasts in the Junior league, as the event is intended to be a debut for the competitors on the national stage. Separate events for non-elite Senior league women have been held since 2012, but the highest all-around Junior or Senior competitor is eligible to win the overall Supergirl Cup.

title: User:IShadowed/Sandbox


text:
Recoverhallen

Recoverhallen (former Relitahallen) is an indoor bandy venue in Uppsala, Sweden, opened on 11 September 2011 with the game IK Sirius–Yenisey Krasnoyarsk 5–4.

On 6 and 7 September 2013, double international games between Sweden and Finland with both A- and U23 games were held inside.

In March and April 2021, the Swedish Bandy Championship final games for both women and men was played inside the arena.

title: Recoverhallen


text:
noncombustible

Adjective

 * 1) That will not readily ignite and burn.

Noun

 * 1)  Any substance that is not combustible.

Translations

 * German: nicht brennbarer Stoff

title: noncombustible


text:
User:<IP_ADDRESS>

 This IP has been employed by a vandal. It is one of many IPs in the ranges detailed in the following query: . Established editors of several pages related to the development of nuclear energy in Argentina (especially Huemul Project, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica and Ronald Richter) have identified a common pattern of highly biased and disruptive edits from IPs in these ranges, which point to a single editor. This editor has made several crude attempts to pass as different people, and accused others of of vandalism and of having a biased POV themselves. The editor in question has also personally attacked some of those who revert or correct his/her POV additions. Finally, this anonymous editor has continued to edit from multiple IPs and has refused to register under a username, being well aware that such a behavior prevents administrators from blocking him/her.

For details, consult the contributions of this group of IPs in the aforementioned articles and talk pages. If you find this IP blocked, please check the facts above before unblocking it or taking issue with the measure and the responsible administrator.

title: User:200.43.201.239


text:
User:Daniel Mietchen/Talks/Wikimania 2012/National Center for Biotechnology Information/Wikimedia/Gene Wiki

 * Gene Wiki/ Portal:Gene Wiki

 * Sample article: Oxytocin (traffic stats)

 * Not to be confused with Wikigenes, also an interesting project, especially in terms of handling authorship

 * Open access and Closed access signal OA-ness


text:
General learning approaches

Linguistic
Treating the field of study as a language, and applying all the linguistic rules and patterns. Used in: studying languages, computer programming.
 * Branches: Classic Language approach; Methalanguage approach.
 * Examples: Linguistinc approach in Programming Languages

Mathematicals/Physical/Geometrical
Treating the field of research in terms of mathematical calculations, formulas, theorems, of physics, geometry, etc
 * Used in: Any physical/mathematical science. Analyzing stand-alone physical system
 * Can also be used in studying mechanical systems, since they parts in motion are geometrically analyzed.

Schematic
Treating the object of research as a circuit of components. Their interaction, interfacing, and working together Used in analyzing electric circuits, pneumatic circuits, water pipe flow, heating/ventilation/air conditioning. As well as many composite (not standalone) systems, where it’s a must to know the interaction of components. Ideal for analyzing system that doesn’t move itself, yet has some moving particles in it. (i.e. electrons is the circuits, gas/liquid in pneumatic/hydraulic system, transit vehicles in transportation network) Can be described as General Circuit Theory
 * Subdivisions:
 * Physical circuits,are the structures which EXIST as circuits.
 * Electric/Pneumatic circuits,
 * transportation networks,
 * computer networks, etc.
 * Virtual circuits is more logico-analytical approach.
 * Flow charts,
 * Graphs,
 * Work plans,
 * state diagrams,
 * finite automata, etc.

Conceptual
Consists just of learning, memorizing and sometime analyzing the concepts Used in learning history, geography, literature, arts, music…. legal studies, philosophy, and ethics require some logical analysis.

Structural approach
can be used wither along with above listed approaches, and separately. It treats what is doen, as a structure. Examples are (Multiple-voice Musical Composition, Multiple layer technical drawing and graphics. Multilayer circuit, as found in microprocessors and IC chips.

Executive approach
To be simple: given the instruction, the worker performs it. However, some logical decisions may be required. Used in: Construction, driving cars/trains, playing musical pieces by notes, etc.

Ad hoc, or Practical
Used in learning and analyzing things completely by practice. Without any theoretical principle behing. Involoves looking on “How other do it” then just by imprerical. Later on logical conclusions can be made.

title: General learning approaches


text:
User:DaGizza/Missing Places

This is a list of locations (cities, regions etc.) around the world that do not as yet have an article on English Wikipedia. These articles do have an article either on the Wikipedias of other languages or other WMF wikis such as Wikivoyage and Wikimedia Commons.

The bottom section has articles on locations that were formerly missing and listed as so but now exist.

Central

 * 1) Ile Mbamou, Republic of the Congo

East

 * 1) Nkoringo/Nkuringo, Uganda

North

 * 1) Marigha, Morocco

Southern

 * 1) Malealea, Lesotho
 * 2) Mpande, Eastern Cape, South Africa (currently redirect to Zulu king)
 * 3) Oxbow, Lesotho

West

 * 1) Bintang/Bintang Bolong, Gambia
 * 2) Guinée maritime, Guinea
 * 3) Kafountine, Ziguinchor Region, Senegal

Central and Caribbean

 * 1) Brasilito, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
 * 2) Five Blues Lake National Park, Belize
 * 3) Maracas National Park, Trinidad and Tobago
 * 4) Mayflower Bocawina National Park, Belize
 * 5) Mulatupo o Sasardi, Panama
 * 6) Parque Nacional La Güira/La Güira National Park, Pinar del Río Province, Cuba
 * 7) Pochote, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica (redirects to Pachira quinata)

North

 * 1) Guadalupe Canyon/Canyon de Guadalupe, Baja California, Mexico
 * 2) Hermit Island (Maine)/Hermit Island, Maine, United States of America
 * 3) Kwasitchewan Falls, Manitoba, Canada
 * 4) Lo De Marcos, Nayarit, Mexico
 * 5) Maruata, Michoacan, Mexico
 * 6) Napizaro, Michoacan, Mexico

South

 * 1) Andagua, Peru
 * 2) Barreal, San Juan Province, Argentina
 * 3) Minca, Magdalena Department, Colombia (currently redirects to Communal work - there is no article on the village)
 * 4) Mollepata, Anta, Peru
 * 5) Naiguatá, Vargas, Venezuela
 * 6) San Juan, Bolivia
 * 7) San Luis de Pambil, Ecuador

Brazil

 * 1) Atins, Maranhão
 * 2) Balneário Piçarras, Santa Catarina
 * 3) Caraiva, Bahia
 * 4) Ilha do Mel, Paraná
 * 5) Mambucaba, Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro
 * 6) Mandacaru, Maranhão

Central

 * 1) Ayaz Kala/Ayaz-Kala, Uzbekistan
 * 2) Jeitun, Turkenistan (currently a redirect to Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex)
 * 3) Kadji Sai, Kyrgyzstan

East

 * 1) Neiwan, Hsinchu County, Republic of China (Taiwan)
 * 2) Onogawa Onsen, Tohoku, Japan

People's Republic of China

 * 1) Aojiang, Zhejiang
 * 2) Benzilan, Yunnan
 * 3) Bingzhongluo, Yunnan
 * 4) Heijing, Yunnan
 * 5) Kongtongshan National Park, Gansu
 * 6) Liuku, Yunnan
 * 7) Manigango, Sichuan
 * 8) Mugecuo, Sichuan

North

 * 1) Khekhtsirsky Nature Reserve, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia
 * 2) Nalychevo Nature Park, Kamchatka Krai, Russia
 * 3) Orlik, Republic of Buryatia, Russia

South

 * 1) Agonda/Agonda beach, Goa, India
 * 2) Anerdam Wildlife Sanctuary, Maharashtra, India
 * 3) Bhondsi, Haryana, India
 * 4) Haleshi, Khotang district, Nepal
 * 5) Junput, West Bengal, India
 * 6) Kuruthang/Khuruthang, Bhutan
 * 7) Massanjore, Jharkhand, India
 * 8) Nuggehalli, Karnataka, India
 * 9) Numburchuili, Nepal

Southeast

 * 1) Ca Na, Vietnam
 * 2) Don Det, Champasak Province, Laos
 * 3) Igan, Sarawak, Malaysia
 * 4) Merang, Terengganu, Malaysia
 * 5) Mount Datuk, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
 * 6) Muang Long, Laos

Indonesia

 * 1) Ampana
 * 2) Amuntai
 * 3) Bandungan, Central Java
 * 4) Ketambe, Aceh
 * 5) Koto Gadang, West Sumatra
 * 6) Krui, Lampung
 * 7) Lembar, Lombok

West

 * 1) Faralya, Muğla Province, Turkey

East

 * 1) Ferapontovo, Vologda Oblast, Russia

North

 * 1) Dalabergslagen, Svealand, Sweden
 * 2) Hammaslahti, North Karelia, Finland
 * 3) Luosto, Lapland, Finland
 * 4) Vestegnen, Copenhagen, Denmark

South

 * 1) Arillas, Corfu, Greece
 * 2) Megalochori, Santorini, Greece
 * 3) Orini Nafpaktia, Sterea Hellada, Greece
 * 4) Porto Pino, Sardinia, Italy
 * 5) Promajna, Dalmatia, Croatia

West

 * 1) Hermalle-sous-Huy, Wallonia, Belgium
 * 2) Hinterstein, Bavaria, Germany
 * 3) Partij-Wittem, Limburg, Netherlands
 * 4) Queyras Regional Natural Park/Parc Naturel Regional du Queyras, Hautes-Alpes, France

Oceania

 * 1) Arovudi, Fiji
 * 2) High Country (Victoria), Victoria, Australia
 * 3) Koutu, Northland, New Zealand
 * 4) Kuaotunu, Waikato, New Zealand
 * 5) Mackerel Islands, Western Australia, Australia
 * 6) Morere, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand

Places that now exist
In parentheses is the month and year in which these articles were created.

 * 1) Chichiriviche, Falcón, Venezuela (Aug 2015)
 * 2) Katesh, Tanzania (Jan 2016)
 * 3) Lemiers, Limburg, Netherlands (Dec 2015)
 * 4) Marausa, Sicily, Italy (Dec 2016)
 * 5) Mboro, Thiès Region, Senegal (Aug 2016)

title: User:DaGizza/Missing Places


text:
Cookbook:Grilled Vegetable Sandwich

| Vegan cuisine | Sandwiches

Ingredients

 * 2 slices of bread (preferably organic wholemeal bread)
 * Sliced vegetables (e.g. mushrooms, courgettes, tomatoes, peppers, etc.)
 * 1 tablespoon olive oil
 * 1 teaspoon oregano

Procedure

 * 1) Place bread slices next to each other on a baking tray.
 * 2) Arrange the vegetables evenly across both slices.
 * 3) Drizzle the olive oil over the vegetables, and add liberal sprinklings of oregano.
 * 4) Broil on medium-high heat for 5–10 minutes, or until golden brown.
 * 5) Serve open-faced, or carefully combine the two parts of the sandwich.

title: Cookbook:Grilled Vegetable Sandwich


text:
far-field

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or pertaining to the far field, the region sufficiently distant from a radio antenna for angular field distribution to be independent of distance.

Usage notes
Compare the usage notes and definitions under, for both telecommunications contexts and others.

title: far-field


text:
Baltimore, Ontario

Baltimore is a village located in the southeast portion of Hamilton Township in Northumberland County in central Ontario. It is just north of the town of Cobourg, located at the intersection of County Road 45 (formerly Highway 45) and County Road 74 (Dale Road).

Baltimore was first occupied by the Irish immigrant John McCarty around 1805, and was named after his family's ancestral home in Baltimore, County Cork, Ireland. It is best known today for the presence of historic Ball's Mill, built in 1842, and as the birthplace of Letitia Youmans (1827).

title: Baltimore, Ontario


text:
User:Turne4kd/sandbox

How to Write an article about animals for Wikipedia
Before publishing on Wikipedia there are some guidelines you should follow in order to make your article Wikipedia worthy. For insistence, After analyzing two very well written articles I was able to come up with valuable instructions on how to properly write for Wikipedia.

Sandbox
Wikipedia sandbox is a tool for its users to craft the ideas needed to create their articles. Before finalizing and publishing it to the public, it is important that you do not write directly on wikipedia until you completely finished with your sandbox. The sandbox is meant for writers to create their drafts and edit it freely without the interference of others. It also allows you to play around with all of Wikipedia's features and figure out how exactly you want to organize your article.

How Long should it be
Any article pertaining to animals should be anywhere from 1,000 words to 2,000 words in order for it to be considered a good article. The article should cover more than just basic information. Adding complex and rare information about your topic gives you room to expand the article. Adding pictures will also help expand the article. It is good to have a few visual representations of your topic to add uniqueness to your work.

Original Lead Section
"Election Night" is the first episode and season premiere of the seventh season of the anthology television series American Horror Story. It aired on September 5, 2017, on the cable network FX. The episode was written by Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk, and directed by Bradley Buecker.The premiere episode introduces a new plot for this season revolving around the aftermath of the 2016 United States presidential election.

New Lead Section
American Horror Story is one of the more popular shows being aired today with each season having a different theme. The premiere episode introduces a new plot for this season revolving around the aftermath of the 2016 United States presidential election. With the beginning of the episode starting with clips of Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton it drew the attention of about 3.39 million people.

title: User:Turne4kd/sandbox


text:
Goryushino

Goryushino (Горюшино) is a rural locality (a selo) in Sosnovsky Selsoviet, Zarinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 8 as of 2013. There is 1 street.

Geography
Goryushino is located on the Stepnoy Alambay River, 46 km northeast of Zarinsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sosnovka is the nearest rural locality.

title: Goryushino


text:
Talk:Basic thermodynamics

Headings
I've reverted back to the headings that were there before, because they are relevant to the class, and included your book suggestion in a section which Roadrunner was quite right to include. Sojourner001 11:36, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Pedagological point
Part of the point that Kittel and Kroemer make (which I concur with) is that introducing thermodynamics by going first into statistical mechanics is actually an easier path for physics students.

I had a different format in mind for this course, but it might be easier if I put what I had in mind in a separate page.

 * Fair enough, I see where you're coming from. However, I think perhaps we've come to different conclusions about the meaning of the word 'basic'. Macroscopic thermodynamics can be taught, in a very simple sense, using only basic algebra, which is what I'm trying to do. This would make it suitable for younger students or people with only rudimentary skill in maths. Statistical physics on the other hand requires some quite detailed mathematical knowledge - remember that only a small minority of the population even understand calculus.

 * An interesting difference in approach which warrants further discussion, I think.Sojourner001 15:51, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Basic thermodynamics


text:
Cell Biology/Energy supply

../Parts of the cell/

Chloroplasts are the organelles used for photosynthesis (a process that incorporates light energy into storage as chemical energy) whereas mitochondria used in respiration (a process that releases stored chemical energy). It assumed that you already know the information about these organelles explained in the organelles section. If you have not read the entries on chloroplasts and mitochondria from there yet, please go back and read them now.

Chemicals to know

 * 1) /Important chemicals/

Photosynthesis

 * 1) /Light Dependent Reactions/
 * 2) /Calvin-Benson Cycle/

Cellular Respiration

 * 1) /Glycolysis/
 * 2) /Krebs cycle/
 * 3) /Electron transport/

title: Cell Biology/Energy supply


text:
Talk:Lindsey Doe

Previous deletion
The article for this person was previously deleted for failing to cite reliable sources. I have cited four articles from two publications which in my opinion pass WP:GNG.  Blue Rasberry  (talk)  03:08, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I disagree. You've cited three articles from a small town free alternative weekly about a local figure, plus an article from a student newspaper at the university where she used to teach. In my opinion, that is inadequate sourcing to establish notability. Cullen328  Let's discuss it  03:51, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Perhaps the university newspaper fails WP:RS due to WP:COI. That leaves the newspaper, and I think it is fair to say that it is a small town free alternative weekly. Do you think that these fail WP:RS, or do they pass that and fail WP:GNG? In my opinion, small town papers are good sources for talking about local figures, so they pass RS. With the articles being on different topics, published by different writers, and published years apart, in my opinion that constitutes GNG. You might expect more, and if you do, we could talk here or at WP:AfD.  Blue Rasberry   (talk)  04:58, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Bbaker2017.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 00:08, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

unsupported categorization
Categorization says  For this reason, I don't understand why  has twice ( & ) added Category:American expatriates in Slovenia without an edit summary, when the article says nothing about Doe's nationality or citizenship. I removed it once, pointing to the categorization guideline, but was silently reverted again without discussion. Can anybody else explain the edits of Djodjo666? —  Fourthords  | =Λ= | 12:32, 28 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lindsey Doe


text:
User:Ychoi113/more markup

italic text

Subsection
external link

bulleted list:

 * item 1
 * item 2
 * sub-item

numbered list:

 * 1) first item
 * 2) sub-item 1
 * 3) sub-item 2
 * 4) second item

template

signature: Ychoi113 (talk) 22:29, 7 February 2015 (UTC)

title: User:Ychoi113/more markup


text:
Talk:Emirate of Tbilisi

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Emirate of Tbilisi. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051216125515/http://www1.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/S3/SIM-7543.html to http://www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/S3/SIM-7543.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:19, 8 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Emirate of Tbilisi


text:
Rachel Abbott

Rachel Abbott (the pen name of Sheila Rodgers; born 1952) is an English author of psychological thrillers. A self-publisher, her first seven novels (and one novella) have combined to sell over three million copies, and have all been bestsellers on Amazon's Kindle store. In 2015, she was named the 14th bestselling author over the last five years on Amazon's Kindle in the UK.

Early life
Abbott grew up near Manchester, England. She worked as a systems analyst and then founded an interactive media company, developing software and websites for the education market. She sold the company for around £5 million in 2000. Following the sale, she moved from Lancashire, England, to Italy, where she restored a 15th-century Italian monastery that for a time she and her husband operated as a venue for weddings and holidays.

Career
In 2009, Abbott decided to write a book about an average, everyday woman put into a situation where she had no other option but to commit murder. It took Abbott 18 months to write the first draft. In November 2011, after rejection by several literary agents, Abbott, then 59, published her first novel, Only the Innocent, on Amazon, under her pen name. The book sold slowly at first, with sales taking off after Abbott put together a strong marketing campaign.

Abbott followed up Only the Innocent in 2013 with The Back Road and in 2014 with Sleep Tight. Her fourth novel, Stranger Child, was published on 24 February 2015. Later that year, she published the novella Nowhere Child, which has the same characters as Stranger Child. In 2016, she published her sixth novel, Kill Me Again. Her five novels and one novella all focus on relationships and crime, and all feature the same detective, Chief Inspector Tom Douglas. Abbott has described the character as "a genuinely honest, nice guy who just seems to be attracted to the wrong women."

Working with an agent since 2012, she published in the UK and through a publisher in North America. Her books have been translated into seven different languages.

By 2015, Abbott's first three novels, all published in the UK, with the first two published by Thomas & Mercer in the US, had combined to sell one million copies. All three have been bestsellers in Amazon's Kindle store. By March 2016, she had sold two million books. In 2015, Abbott was named Amazon's most popular independently published author in the UK; she is Amazon's number one e-book seller in crime and thriller writing. Also in 2015, she was named the 14th bestselling author over the last five years on Amazon's Kindle in the UK, after first publishing on the platform in 2011. For the year 2015 (through August), Stranger Child was the most borrowed book from Amazon UK's Kindle Owners' Lending Library service, and number 11 on Amazon UK's list of best-selling ebooks of 2015.

In 2017, The Express called her the "Queen of the twisted suspense novel." That year, following a five-way auction, Abbott signed a two-book deal with Headline Publishing Group to become a hybrid author. The first book in the deal, And So It Begins, is a psychological thriller that asks if there can ever be a proper defence for murder. It introduced a new character, Sergeant Stephanie King, and was published in 2018.

Abbott was invited to be a judge for Amazon's inaugural Kindle Storyteller Award in 2017, alongside model and actress Lily Cole and the Alliance of Independent Authors founder Orna Ross.

In 2018, Abbott published her seventh novel, Come a Little Closer. As of 2021, Abbott has sold more than four million copies of her books worldwide.

Personal life
Abbott and her husband divide their time between the Le Marche region of Italy and the island of Alderney, one of the Channel Islands.

title: Rachel Abbott


text:
Talk:David Neeleman

Education
Here is a link to a JetBlue page that verifies Neeleman attended University of Utah. http://investor.jetblue.com/ireye/ir_site.zhtml?ticker=jblu&script=120&layout=-6&item_id=76502Risker 03:50, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

university of utah
That link shows "Page cannot be found" in my browser. As I said, Thomas Friedman states in his book "The world is flat", based on an interview with Neeleman, on page 446, 2nd paragraph: "He [Neeleman] never went to college, but he has started two successful airlines..." On the other hand, I found this page as part of the UofU Alumni website: , where Neeleman is awarded the "Distinguished Alumni Award".

The question is what source to believe...

Clarification?
In this interview, Neeleman says he started at University of Utah for three years, but dropped out.

 From: Sfgate.com, Sept 12, 2004. Accessed: Jan 18, 2007.

''"Q: How did you start out? Where did you go to school?

A: University of Utah. But I dropped out. "'' -sfgate.com

''"Education: Attended University of Utah for three years" Italic text'' -sfgate.com —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Kactapuss (talk • contribs) 03:42, 19 January 2007 (UTC).

David Letterman
He appeared on David Letterman, Tuesday night 20 February. --<IP_ADDRESS> 05:23, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

Azul
just to register, i´d made some changes in the part talking about brazilian air company, ´coz the text was a little confused, and there were an information not too much precise; there said that the company was provisoly name Air Brazil, but i´d never heard about that name before; the press used to say (and the website for the poll to choose the name) a nova companhia aérea brasileira (the new brazilian air company). I hope my grammar is correct in the text, any problems please someon fix it!! Ninaguitarhero (talk) 21:19, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

Religion?
Why so much emphasis on his religion? What difference does it make. It's not really relevant to his bio. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Angrykeyboarder (talk • contribs) 04:29, 5 May 2010 (UTC)

Hi Mr. Neeleman,

My daughter Janelle do not know I am doing this. PLEASE give her another chance by re-hiring her, back in the days she was young and foolish and did a foolish thing, because she was inexperience to that sort of thing. Kindly have in your heart a note of forgiveness, I promise Janelle will be eternally grateful to you and Jetblue; she was a CSR. I believe in Jesus Christ, and I know he is my inspiration for asking so humbly to beg for your forgiveness... I see her unhappiness when she regrets what happened. HELP HER PLEASE!' Thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:07, 24 April 2013 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on David Neeleman. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131103104302/http://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/noticias/132949_FUNDADORES+DA+AZUL+CRIAM+EMPRESA+DE+MONITORAMENTO to http://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/noticias/132949_FUNDADORES+DA+AZUL+CRIAM+EMPRESA+DE+MONITORAMENTO

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:48, 22 January 2018 (UTC)

Please if you have a heart please help...
My name is Kimberlee Tavares I flew with jetblue on April 19,2022 Flight 1952. As I understand the rule that was told to me if its not tagged it is permanently lost for good. I had my 5 yr old and one yr old in his stroller that was tagged as I was dealing with both by myself I put all my carry on down right with my stroller right I front of the plane door and it disappeared no one knows nothing is there a room with in the airport that all the untagged things go for a certain amount of days I have asked so many of your employees just to get hung up on. I am very hurt at the fact that this is how you run your company. We are all only human and we do make mistakes you should I hope to have the heart to understand that I didn't leave my bag on purpose but to have to go through all this is just not right and I would love to bring my sons twin home his ashes were in that bag. Please help me no one else is please I want my sons ashes home. I will fly if you tell me you have a room with bags unmarked in it I am desperate. 2603:7080:4A40:56:44C:1EFC:C8E6:AA04 (talk) 04:13, 24 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Neeleman


text:
User:ElfishPresley123/be bold

My name is Ethan Michael Frye, I am currently 18 years old, and I was born on June 23, 1999. I love to play piano, I enjoy the company of others (including animals), and my favorite book is "The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People". My Father's name is Heath and my Mother's name is Melissa. I also have a sister and her name is Avery.

title: User:ElfishPresley123/be bold


text:
Talk:Franciscan Monastery of the Holy Land in America

Untitled
I deleted the reference to the the mummy of St. Benignus because the monastery does not have a mummy. The figure lying under the altar is a statue. But the reliquary on top does have some of his bones. {Stuart Smith, 8/10/06}

National Historic Monument
I have started looking for sources for this article other then the obvious source of the Mount St. Sepulchre's own web page. I figured an easy one to find would be the fact it was made a National Historic Monument in 1991. I can't seem to find that information on any RS other then places that either quote Wiki or quote the Franciscan monasteries own site. If it was made one it should be on the National Park Service site or some other site like that but I can't find it. Anyone have a reliable source that says this?Marauder40 (talk) 20:36, 6 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Finally found it. Reason it was hard to find is that it isn't a historic landmark/monument.  It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.  That is a different listing.Marauder40 (talk) 14:13, 7 October 2010 (UTC)


text:
Rivière aux Graines

The rivière aux Graines (English: Seed River) is a tributary of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, flowing in the municipality of L'Île-d'Anticosti, in the Minganie Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of North Shore, in province of Quebec, in Canada.

A network of secondary forest roads serves this small valley and is linked to the road which runs along the southern coast of the island.

Forestry is the main economic activity in this area.

Geography
The rivière aux Graines draws its source from a marsh area (altitude: 76 m) located in the western part of Anticosti Island.

From its source, the river flows south between La Petite Rivière (located on the west side) and the Bec-Scie River (located on the east side). Its course descends on 4.7 km towards the south with a drop of 75 m, recovering two streams (coming from a marsh area in the west) and crossing a marsh area

The rivière aux Graines empties on the south shore of Anticosti Island, either 1.9 km west of Pointe aux Pimbinas, at 4.8 km in west of the mouth of the Bec-Scie River and 19.5 km east of the center of the village of Port-Menier. At its mouth, the current of the river flows to about 0.74 km at low tide in the sandstone.

Toponymy
The toponymic designation appeared in 1955 on a geographic map used by the Consolidated Bathurst logging company. This toponym was made official on December 5, 1968, at the Bank of place names of the Commission de toponymie du Québec.

title: Rivière aux Graines


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/oneavenuegroup.com

Links

 * oneavenuegroup.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Users
No users found.

Additions
No additions recorded.


text:
Talk:David Kelly (association footballer)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110619042940/http://www.nottinghamforest.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10308~2377257,00.html to http://www.nottinghamforest.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10308~2377257,00.html

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text:
Category:Hot Springs Arlingtons players

This category is for players of the Hot Springs Arlingtons baseball club that played in the Negro leagues from 1896-1904.

title: Category:Hot Springs Arlingtons players


text:
General Biology/Genetics/Mutation

A mutation is a permanent change to an organism's genetic material (DNA or RNA). Mutations are a rare but significant biological process, since they provide the variation on which evolution acts and are also the source of cancer.

An organism's genetic material is made up of polymers (chains) of four different nucleotides, like a recipe book written in a language of only four letters. A mutation event is when the order of the nucleotides in DNA change, usually when the DNA is being copied.

Mutations come in a number of forms:

Point Mutations
Point mutations are all mutations which involve a single nucleotide. These come in the form of substitutions, insertions and deletions:

Substitution
Substitution Mutations: In substitution mutations, a nitrogenous base of a triplet codon of DNA is replaced by another nitrogen base or some derivative of the nitrogen base, changing the codon. The altered codon codes for a different amino acid substitution.The substitution mutations are of two types:

1.Transitions: It is the replacement of one purine in a polynucleotide chain by another purine(A by G or G by A) or one pyrimidine by another pyrimidine(T by C or C by T)

2.Transversions:A base pair substitution involving the substitution of a purine by pyrimidine or pyrimidine by a purine is called transversion.

Larger mutations
Larger mutations which involve more than one nucleotide also include insertions and deletions, but can also include inversions, rearrangement of nucleotides and duplication of entire genes:

Chromosomal mutations
Chromosomal mutations involve changes to entire chromosomes. These mutations are particularly rare:

Effects of mutations
Mutations can have a variety of different effects depending on the type of mutation, the significance of the piece of genetic material affected and whether the cells affected are germ-line cells. Only mutations in germ-line cells can be passed on to children, while mutations elsewhere can cause cell-death or cancer.

Mutations can be classified by their effects:

Silent Mutation
Silent Mutations are DNA mutations that do not result in a change to the amino acid sequence or a protein. They may occur in a non-coding region (outside of a gene or within an intron), or they may occur within an exon in a manner that does not alter the final amino acid chain.

Missense Mutation
Missense mutations are types of point mutations where a single nucleotide is changed to cause substitution of a different amino acid. This in turn can render the resulting protein nonfunctional. Such mutations are responsible for diseases such as Epidermolysis bullosa.

Original notes

 * “Rare” change in nucleotide sequence
 * Somatic vs germline
 * only those in germline are heritable
 * Point mutation
 * Single nucleotide change
 * Change in gene position
 * Transposition
 * Chromosomal rearrangement
 * Mutagenic agents
 * Raw material for evolutionary change

Point mutation

 * Ionizing radiation
 * UV light induces thymine dimers
 * Reparable
 * Error during DNA synthesis
 * Movement of transposons
 * McClintock
 * Chemical mutagens
 * May alter
 * Properties of promoter, enhancer
 * Amino acid sequence of polypeptide

Acquisition of genetic variability

 * Mutation
 * Sex (fusion of genomes)
 * Recombination
 * Crossing over
 * Reciprocal (may result in gene conversion)
 * Unequal (gives rise to gene families)
 * Independent segregation
 * Transposition by transposons
 * Conjugation in bacteria
 * One way transfer from donor to recipient

Eukaryote genome

 * Thousands of transposons
 * Millions of transposon derived elements
 * LINES, SINES
 * Above may constitute largest portion of genome
 * Pseudogenes
 * Tandem clusters (rRNA genes; nucleolus)
 * Multigene families
 * Single-copy genes (one copy per 1n)

Barbara McClintock

 * Discovered transposons in perhaps greatest and ultimately most important intellectual endeavors in genetics
 * Maize
 * Worked alone
 * Transposons: likely responsible for considerable evolution in eukaryotic genomes
 * Likely origin of viruses

title: General Biology/Genetics/Mutation


text:
File:Wikiversity short.gif

Summary
Made for Wikiversity shorts. Made using two images from Commons, Image:Electrical spark from a shorted camera capacitor P.2005.04.27.jpg and Image:Radlerhose Fotomodel Ina hinten.jpg.

title: File:Wikiversity short.gif


text:
Freyenstein

Freyenstein is a former small town in Brandenburg, Germany. On October 26, 2003 it was merged into the city of Wittstock. The earliest mention of the town was in 1263 as "Vriegenstene". The town had 971 inhabitants on December 31, 2009.

Natives

 * Minna Cauer (1841-1922), German feminist

title: Freyenstein


text:
Francisco Bolota

Francisco Bolota (born April 20, 1946) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a forward.

Career
Bolota joined the youth ranks of GD Alcochetense in 1964. In 1967, he played in the Primeira Divisão with F.C. Barreirense for two seasons. Later he joined C.D. Montijo and played in the Segunda Divisão Portuguesa. In 1971, he returned to the top flight with União de Tomar for five seasons, and returned to former team C.D. Montijo for the 1976-77 season. In 1977, he played abroad in the National Soccer League with Toronto Italia. In his debut season in Toronto he recorded 27 goals in 15 matches.

In 1978, he played in the North American Soccer League with Rochester Lancers. He played with Toronto First Portuguese for the 1979 NSL season. The following season he returned to former team Montijo in the Segunda Divisão Portuguesa. He later had a stint with Juventude Sport Clube, and Lusitano G.C. He concluded his career in Portugal with former teams União de Tomar, and Montijo. In 1986, he returned to play in the National Soccer League with Toronto First Portuguese.

In 1985, he permanently settled in Canada and found employment as a construction worker.

title: Francisco Bolota


text:
Talk:DeForest Soaries

External links modified
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title: Talk:DeForest Soaries