text:
Talk:Graphic Design/Authors

 * My name is Hal Newnan. I graduated Summa Cum Laude from Macomb (MIchigan's) Community College's South Campuses's Graphic Communication Arts (since renamed) program with 2 Associates Degrees: 1) in Electronic Publishing, and 2) in Illustration.

The point made in the statistic noted in the Wiki Graphic Design book is well taken! Probably less than 10% of the graduates of any given program will find their way into any kind of work related to their studies. Less than 2-5% are likely to achieve positions of high rank or pay. One of our program's directors, Brian Sauriol, speaks at length of the dedication he has admired in other graphic artists who have soared to the pinnacles of success through (often) grim determination and disciplined hard work. Perhaps the wealthy do fall flat on their faces.

As a mid-life career switcher, I was advised (by a friend who had followed her graphic design career from college in NYC to advertising agencies there, and still works it in Ann Arbor, MI) to find work at a print house. This I have done through our Co-op Industrial program.

I can highly recommend this course of action, it is grounding me in completing practical tasks for my employer (like building and modifying their website) and doing their brochure and logo work. I also get frequent chances to work with Illustrator to design labels for our customers as well as for our owners.

I see that Brian's finding teaching work helps him to stay on top of developments in the profession.

title: Talk:Graphic Design/Authors


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/mutch.sakura.ne.jp

Links

 * mutch.sakura.ne.jp resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 2 additions.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:Fur clothing

These are old conversations without subject headings
--Wtf this is a lie they don't skin the animals alive! well even if they do I don't care but I think that the article is lying. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:26, 4 February 2008 (UTC) thx u for fixing that section of text, prob some angry animal rights activist did it.

The following passage is not presented in a neutral manner and should be revised:

"Currently, there are no federal laws providing protection for the millions of animals—including chinchillas, foxes, minks, and raccoons—who suffer and die on fur farms. The fur industry remains completely self-regulated, which means that animals are kept in crowded, filthy wire cages, where they often develop neurotic behaviors and become sick or wounded, and fur farmers kill them by breaking their necks while they are fully conscious or by using anal or genital electrocution." ---

The above passage has been removed. The NPOV dispute tag should be removed.--Exitstageleft99 22:57, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

is this article unbiased??

It seems anti-faux fur. But, it is good to have the methods of obtaining fur because they are not POV, just a fact of how the animals are killed.

I've added quite a lot and reorganised things. Tell me if it's rubbish. The Penguin 11:44, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

The paragraph linking to the Canadian Government survey should be left in. Vincent 09:50, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

This page is absolutely not unbiased. It is wrong that it is allowed to exist in this form in an encyclopedia. My objections rest on a number of points:

1. The statement that animals are killed in humane way is presented as a fact which it cannot be - whether the killing is humane or not is a subjective issue depending on the viewpoint of the individual. This individual for one does not agree with the article. I tried to balance this account by pointing out that animals are also frequently skinned alive on some fur farms but my addition was removed.

2. Secondly the article goes to great lengths to discuss the benefits of real over synthetic fur without presenting the counterside of that argument. This is again highly subjective and one sided.

3. Finally the link which is included to websites of fur manafacturers is at best nothing short of propaganda for the fur trade and therefore surely inappropriate to the article - at worst it is free advertising for companies, that whatever I might personally think of their business, are commercial enterprises and, as such, should surely not be using an encyclopedia to advertise their products. To counterbalance this propaganda I tried to include a link to the antifur webpage furisdead.com but this was also removed.

An article of this sort has no place whatsoever in a supposedly (albeit popularist) academic publication.

Canada
I'm pretty much neutral on the subject, I think it's kind of cruel to kill animals we don't realy need to kill but then again many already poor native families rely on fur. The controversy section says "Canada, Canada, Canada!". There aren't just Canadians who hunt seals. Anyways, it isn't such a big controversy anymore, it's totally last year, the celebrities have done all their photo-ops and attention-getting.
 * It might be worth mentioning that if it weren't for the fur trade Canada wouldn't even exist. <IP_ADDRESS> 07:12, 7 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Wow. So without the fur trade there would be no Canada? Have you got a reference for that? Bob98133 12:07, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

It's pretty basic Canadian history. Fur was the reason Canada was settled and drove the expansion of Canada. Stargate70 (talk) 05:01, 13 September 2008 (UTC)
 * It may be one part of Canadian history, but saying that the country wouldn't exist were it not for fur is a bit simplistic. I think that Canada may have been settled due to increasing population, economic and social pressures in Europe. The presence or absence of fur bearing animals did not determine the existence of the country, although it certainly contributed to its development and exploration. Human greed might be a better determinant, though, since most furs were sought for profit, not for the use of those who gathered them. As well, the granting of land to religious minorities encouraged western migration and settlement, no fur involved at all. Bob98133 (talk) 18:07, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

ARTICLE COMPLETELY BIASED
This page is absolutely not unbiased. It is wrong that it is allowed to exist in this form in an encyclopedia. My objections rest on a number of points:

1. The statement that animals are killed in humane way is presented as a fact which it cannot be - whether the killing is humane or not is a subjective issue depending on the viewpoint of the individual. This individual for one does not agree with the article. I tried to balance this account by pointing out that animals are also frequently skinned alive on some fur farms but my addition was removed.

2. Secondly the article goes to great lengths to discuss the benefits of real over synthetic fur without presenting the counterside of that argument. This is again highly subjective and one sided.

3. Finally the link which is included to websites of fur manafacturers is at best nothing short of propaganda for the fur trade and therefore surely inappropriate to the article - at worst it is free advertising for companies, that whatever I might personally think of their business, are commercial enterprises and, as such, should surely not be using an encyclopedia to advertise their products. To counterbalance this propaganda I tried to include a link to the antifur webpage furisdead.com but this was also removed.

An article of this sort has no place whatsoever in a supposedly (albeit popularist) academic publication.

 * Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia, not an academic publication. However, I agree with you that the fur industry is controversial, and that it's important that Wikipedia takes no side in the debate. I've just done a neutrality check on the article and have removed the tag correspondingly. I have made a few minor changes (including to the list of websites - I agree with you that it's overlong), but the egregious errors you refer to above mainly seem to have gone.
 * My greatest POV concern about the article before I edited it was the naming of one designer, Julien McDonald, specifically in the "see also" list. He has indeed used furs, but then so have almost all the others at his level (with the exception of Stella McCartney and perhaps a couple of others). This article isn't a list of who has and who has not used fur, and there's no reason to single anyone out specifically unless they have directly contributed to the debate, in which case that could be noted in the article.
 * I am also concerned that the article as it stands reflects a very American and European perspective, and does not make much attempt to look at the issue in a global context. I have made a few minor changes to this end but much more work needs to be done here. -- TinaSparkle 15:19, 6 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Unless a section is added to counter the "Anti-fur campaigns" section, the whole article is a biased pile of garbage. <IP_ADDRESS> 03:57, 3 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I disagree: unless the article is re-written in it's ENTIRETY it is garbage. The PETA website is used as a reference. I could think of no better example of an unreliable source.  The PETA organization is on a crusade to stop all animal deaths at the hands of humans everywhere. (That they have noble intentions is what they claim.) They do not provide facts, numbers, nor statistics, they have "this is secret hidden camera proof" propaganda. The article should be deleted and started again from scratch: then locked to prevent tampering from animal rights extremists. Tsarevna (talk) 10:32, 1 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Lock the article and throw away the key? What a clever cooperative strategy! If you wish to make constructive changes to the article, find references for your changes and edit the article. It is not up to the editors who worked on this article to date and provided refs to dump all that on your say so.Bob98133 (talk) 20:49, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

More history please
This article has not enough referance to the fur that people in the artic wear, And I aggree, it is not a very well written article Dinobert 01:56, 26 October 2007 (UTC)dinobert06

violence, ecoterrorism
I removed references to fur protests being violent and being run by ecoterrorists. Both of these terms have definitions and I have never heard of a fur protest that fit them.Bob98133 (talk) 22:21, 19 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Your personal experience is irrelevant. --RucasHost (talk) 04:59, 21 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I am reverting this again. Sorry, terrorism is a POV term as is ecoterrorism. Despite the fact that journalists use these terms interchangably with other non-violent protests does not change the meaning of these words. In order to use them, you will have to document not that someone has called them terrorists or their actions terrorism, but that their actions fit the definitions you are using for these words - once those definitions are established and agreed to. As for ecoterrorism, your statement confuses animal welfare groups with environmental groups. Please document that environmental groups have been engaged in ecoterorism against fur clothing.Bob98133 (talk) 15:37, 21 December 2007 (UTC)

 * By the way, the links that have been removed and replaced are a separate issue. I agree that they all don't have to be there but I don't have time now to review them all.Bob98133 (talk) 15:39, 21 December 2007 (UTC)

Someone should add...
Why fur activists are so feverish about preventing fur farms but not so with poultry farms.

Methinks it has something to do with the fact that chickens aren't as cute and cuddly as foxes.

Hypocrites! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:05, 25 January 2009 (UTC)

I think that they do care about poultry farms aswell just they are two different topics which shouldn't be in the same article. Even if these particular people aren't so "feverish" about poultry farming there are people who are.

Fur fetish info
I question the value of this section to the article. I'm sure that there are fetishes about everything, which makes the topic more appropriate for the fetish article than each individual article. A sentence mentioning this with a link would be more than sufficient. An entire article section gives this fringe topic Bob98133 (talk) 14:55, 23 October 2009 (UTC)

Furrier
There is no article 'Furrier'?! --Kürschner (talk) 11:48, 6 December 2012 (UTC)

 * I was actually trying to check some information on that as well, and found it odd that 1. there is no furrier article, and 2, that even if there wasn't that there wasn't a section devoted to that within the scope of this article. In my opinion, since it is a job title that covers a wide range of things within the fur industry, the section should have a more visual note than a minor post in 1 line.  <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:08, 1 January 2016 (UTC)

Processing of fur
Parts of this section seem odd. "The use of wool involves shearing the animal's skin from the living animal, so that the animal will die slowly and painfully." This suggests that shearing sheep kills them. I am not aware that this is the case. "The workers seem to have no remorse whatsoever during this process and think that the animal suffering feels no pain." Which 'process' is this referring to? Muleiolenimi (talk) 20:58, 18 March 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Fur clothing. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091126045059/http://www.hsus.org/furfree/fashion/retailers/furfree_retailers_designers.html to http://www.hsus.org/furfree/fashion/retailers/furfree_retailers_designers.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:25, 9 October 2017 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Raccoon coat which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 11:18, 30 October 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:44, 5 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Fur heel.jpg

 * No fur (feathers), image exchanged. -- Kürschner (talk) 09:10, 9 September 2020 (UTC)

grey squirrel
Hi, I'm pretty sure that grey squirrel should be red squirrel. The Greys weren't introduced into England until the nineteenth century.  Ϣere Spiel  Chequers  22:27, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

Dead link
Unless you are going to correct the ref then was correct. The url is not temporarily dead. It is permanently dead and the whole domain name is unused. Invasive Spices (talk) 1 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Hi Invasive Spices, as that was a reference not just an external link, WP:KDL applies. The fact that it was referenced at one point is important, if we are suspicious of it we can look at issues such as the other edits of whoever added that content. If the references they used that still persist pan out then it is likely that this reference was also good. Deleting references becasue the site is now gone means that everything we have is subject to link rot, and no longer having a reference we can easily check would become the same as something having never been referenced.  Ϣere Spiel  Chequers  14:50, 1 April 2022 (UTC)
 * KDL is an opinion. If we retain every dead ref we are confusing the reader and falsely giving the impression this is verifiable. At the least there should have been a . In any case I have attempted manually and there are no archives. This may never have been a valid url. I have added   and I think you should delete it. Invasive Spices (talk) 1 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks for tagging it "dead link". I think KDL has been around long enough to count as more than an opinion, if you really want it deprecated or changed I'd suggest filing an RFC. As for the possibility of it never being a valid URL, as I said above if you are suspicious of it look at the history, see what else was written by the Wikipedian who used it. If it was someone whose content included other stuff that still checks out today then I'd suggest giving it far more confidence than if that account was a one off flyby or their content was otherwise problematic.  Ϣere Spiel  Chequers  19:26, 1 April 2022 (UTC)

Article Reorganization
The article is good but a bit rambly. I see there's a lot of back and forth on the history section. What if the article was reformatted to present the information in more of a linear fashion? Perhaps the anti-fur campaigns could be a part of the history section in a sub-category ? This was the information flows more smoothly? Harvestofthecommunity12 (talk) 18:34, 22 November 2022 (UTC)

Anti-fur products
This section reads like a propaganda piece for anti-fur products. If it isn't revised it should probably be removed. Kaid (talk) 23:07, 9 December 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Composition I - Writing Wikipedia, section 2
— Assignment last updated by DarthVetter (talk) 16:56, 20 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fur clothing


text:
undutiful

Adjective

 * 1) Not dutiful.
 * 2) * 1652,, A Priest to the Temple, or, The Countrey Parson, reproduced in George Herbert Palmer (ed.), The English Works of George Herbert, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1905, Volume 2, Chapter 6. The Parson Praying, p. 27,
 * Besides his example, he, having often instructed his people how to carry themselves in divine service, exacts of them all possible reverence, by no means enduring either talking, or sleeping, or gazing, or leaning, or halfe-kneeling, or any undutifull behaviour in them, but causing them when they sit, or stand, or kneel, to do all in a strait and steady posture, as attending to what is done in the Church, and every one, man and child, answering aloud both Amen and all other answers which are on the Clerk’s and people’s part to answer
 * Besides his example, he, having often instructed his people how to carry themselves in divine service, exacts of them all possible reverence, by no means enduring either talking, or sleeping, or gazing, or leaning, or halfe-kneeling, or any undutifull behaviour in them, but causing them when they sit, or stand, or kneel, to do all in a strait and steady posture, as attending to what is done in the Church, and every one, man and child, answering aloud both Amen and all other answers which are on the Clerk’s and people’s part to answer

Translations

 * Latin: impius
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: uansvarlig
 * Swedish:

title: undutiful


text:
Bahamas at the 2019 World Athletics Championships

Bahamas competed at the 2019 World Athletics Championships in Doha, Qatar, from 27 September to 6 October 2019. Bahamas will be represented by 9 athletes.

Men

 * Track and road events

 * Field events

Women

 * Track and road events


text:
Talk:Nacogdoches Independent School District

External links modified (February 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Nacogdoches Independent School District. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151025190535/http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/perfreport/account/2009/index.html to http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/perfreport/account/2009/index.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:41, 11 February 2018 (UTC)


text:
Young Citizen Volunteers (1972)

The Young Citizen Volunteers of Ireland, or Young Citizen Volunteers (YCV) for short, was a British civic organisation founded in Belfast in 1912 which later became the youth wing of Ulster loyalist paramilitary group the Ulster Volunteer Force. It was established to bridge the gap for 18 to 25 year olds between membership of youth organisations—such as the Boys' Brigade and Boy Scouts—and the period of responsible adulthood. Another impetus for its creation was the failure of the British government to extend the legislation for the Territorial Force—introduced in 1908—to Ireland. It was hoped that the War Office would absorb the YCV into the Territorial Force, however such offers were dismissed. Not until the outbreak of World War I did the YCV—by then a battalion of the UVF—become part of the British Army as the 14th Battalion of the Royal Irish Rifles.

Establishment
The modern UVF was established in Belfast's Shankill Road area by Gusty Spence and others in 1966. The new group quickly undertook a sectarian campaign of arson and murder. During the early 1970s a group of loyalist youths who supported local football teams congregated on the Shankill Road and were regularly involved in clashes with the nationalist Unity Flats area on their way to and from football matches. One of their number was Billy Hutchinson who was close to the UVF and who organised these youths into a new UVF youth group, resurrecting the old YCV name in the process. Along with Billy Spence, Hutchinson oversaw a recruitment drive for the new group, which expanded quickly in its first few years of existence. The reformation of the YCV had been organised by Gusty Spence following his escape from prison, which dates the event to 1972.

Activities
Activities carried out by the YCV included throwing petrol bombs at Catholic homes. Writer Tim Pat Coogan has compared it to the Fianna Éireann and Ulster Young Militants (UYM), with all three characterised as "a military scouting movement which acts as a youthful recruiting agency" for the respective paramilitary group. In late 1974 the head of the YCV, who was not identified, even became the Chief of Staff of the UVF itself after a power struggle with the incumbent Ken Gibson. The group expanded beyond Belfast into other UVF areas, notably Mid-Ulster where Billy Wright joined the group at around the age of 14. Eddie Kinner, who went to hold leading positions in both the UVF and the Progressive Unionist Party, was also a member and demonstrated his support by sporting the initials YCV on his school bag.

In late 1974 two Catholics, Michael Loughran and Eddie Morgan, were shot and killed by two YCV members, Billy Hutchinson and Thomas Winstone, on the Falls Road. During the subsequent trial, at which both defendants were convicted of murder, a Royal Ulster Constabulary officer giving evidence stated that the YCV had been reformed solely as a sectarian group to kill Catholics.

Although their profile fell somewhat after Hutchinson's imprisonment the YCV continued to exist alongside the UVF for the duration of the Troubles and beyond. In 2001 it was reported by Pastor Jack McKee, a born-again Christian preacher noted for his anti-paramilitary activity, that in secondary schools around the Shankill some pupils had to be let out at different times and from different gates depending on whether they were members of the YCV or UYM, due to a loyalist feud that was ongoing between the UVF and the UDA West Belfast Brigade.

Along with those of the UVF and the Red Hand Commando (RHC), YCV flags are regularly carried by loyalist flute band colour parties during the marching season, particularly in Belfast.

The YCV is not listed a proscribed organisation by the British government although its UVF parent organisation is included on the list.

title: Young Citizen Volunteers (1972)


text:
Talk:Philip Humber

Pronunciation of his last name
We need to add the pronunciation of his last name. The "H" in "Humber" is silent. – Muboshgu (talk) 17:15, 23 April 2012 (UTC)

High School
Was this guy a high school All-American?--TonyTheTiger (T/C/BIO/WP:CHICAGO/WP:FOUR) 07:43, 24 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I think we would've found it by now if he was, but I'll look specifically for that later today. – Muboshgu (talk) 14:41, 24 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Spoke too soon... Class 4A player of the year. – Muboshgu (talk) 15:48, 24 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I spoke last night on your talk page. The great work done under my watch for Talk:Eric Hosmer/GA1 reminds me that there must be more stuff out there on Humber.  I would say it is not possible that the current version of the article passes WP:WIAGA for completeness. Various types of stories must exist:
 * Type 1A — Rice University announces that it has signed Philip Humber: Since baseball is a Spring sport I am a bit sketchy on what this might say. This guy could be the baseball equivalent of Anthony Davis who was a non-notable player before his senior season.  This story might be trivial. However, it is more likely that the story goes something like this: (either something like November X 2000 or April X 2001, Houston, TX) Philip Humber has just signed a national letter of intent to attend Rice University. As a junior, Humber was an All-State selection by the Dallas Morning News, Houston Chronicle, Texas Sportswriters Association and/or Texas Baseball Coaches Association. He is a Preseason All-American by such and such. As a junior his stats were such and such
 * Type 1B — Rice University announces that signee Philip Humber has just been named Texas High School Class 4A player of the year: (June X 2001, Houston, Texas) Philip Humber, who has led Carthage High School to the Texas Class 4A state title, was named Texas Class 4A player of the year by Dallas Morning News, Houston Chronicle, Texas Sportswriters Association and/or Texas Baseball Coaches Association. Humber has also been named All-American by x, y and z. He was a unanimous first team All-State selection by X, Y and Z as a senior and a third team selection aa a Junior. Yada, yada, yada.
 * Type 1C — Rice University baseball class of 2001 announced as the 12 ranked recruiting class in the nation: The class of 2001 includes three of the top pitching prospects in the state and the country. Humber has accomplished (see above)
 * Type 2 — 2001 Texas High School Player of the Year Philip Humber lead's Houston, Texas' Rice University to 2003 College World Series victory giving Rice its first national championship in any sport. The story would go something like this: "He got his first glove at age 6 from such and such relative. His mom and dad drove him to whatever league every practice, until he could be trusted to bicycle there himself. They watched all his games and took him to batting cages to help him develop. By the time he was 12 he was playing against 14 year olds. He played varsity as a freshman. As a sophomore he was first team All-County and honorable mention All-State..."
 * Type 3A/B — East Texas'/Rice University's very own Philip Humber tosses MLB's 21st perfect game. Similar biographical content to Type 2.
 * My thinking is that Rice University (Athletic Department/Sports Information Office, Library or School Newspaper) might be able to direct us. Also, Houston Public Library might be able to help. Also, stories like these from a slightly different perspective my exist in his hometown newspapers. We just need to know what newspapers have high circulation in Carthage. Since we found his state POY content in the Temple Daily Telegram, we know that there must be a lot of Texas newspapers that have run stories on the guy. We should focus on those with high circulation in Carthage. Also, the Carthage Library may be a resource.--TonyTheTiger (T/C/BIO/WP:CHICAGO/WP:FOUR) 14:03, 25 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Sometimes, the university will keep up a page. For instance, Rice has an alumni site here that likely has more info on Humber. Already I found a [posttrib.suntimes.com/sports/12055801-556/humbers-pregnant-wife-thrilled-as-she-watches-from-home.html Sun-Times article on his wife] that will beef up the "Personal life" section. I'm busy today, and likely not able to do too much more until tomorrow. We can check the online archives of the Temple Daily Telegram, but if we're not on the ground in Carthage, Texas, how do you expect to access their library? I don't know that we'd be able to access local East Texas like that from where we are, unless the newspapers digitally archive. – Muboshgu (talk) 16:31, 25 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Spoke with Fondren Library reference desk. Now have contact info for Rice Thresher, but students are taking exams right now. Rechecked the Houston Chronicle and drew a blank. Rice SID not answering phone. Left message.--TonyTheTiger (T/C/BIO/WP:CHICAGO/WP:FOUR) 17:14, 25 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Dammit. I meant a player bio page like this, but it doesn't look like Rice still has one for Humber. – Muboshgu (talk) 16:38, 25 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Spoke to the Sammy Brown Library in Carthage (Panola County, Texas). They told me to search the The Panola Watchman and the Longview News-Journal for local coverage. I can't find any stories more than 2 years old online for LNJ.--TonyTheTiger (T/C/BIO/WP:CHICAGO/WP:FOUR) 17:51, 25 April 2012 (UTC)
 * We can name a lot of cousins and siblings if we can flesh out this obit
 * this sotry mentions Humber playing little league in 1994.
 * story mentioning his hall of fame inclusion
 * Another interesing story online was this one
 * After only finding the last 2 years online (15 mentions) LNJ and nothing from the PW, I called the Watchman and they said that you could research microfilm at the Panola College library for earlier years of the PW.--TonyTheTiger (T/C/BIO/WP:CHICAGO/WP:FOUR) 17:51, 25 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Having trouble using Panola Watchman archives. Unable to find any Humber articles.--TonyTheTiger (T/C/BIO/WP:CHICAGO/WP:FOUR) 18:05, 25 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I have calls out to the Rice SID and The Panola Watchman sports editor.--TonyTheTiger (T/C/BIO/WP:CHICAGO/WP:FOUR) 18:06, 25 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Spoke with the Longview News-Journal sports editor. He emailed me two stories.  We are now in doubt that Carthage won the state title in 2001.  The source may have misinterpreted the his success at pitching the team to the state championships as a state championship win. I will add content tonight.--TonyTheTiger (T/C/BIO/WP:CHICAGO/WP:FOUR) 18:58, 25 April 2012 (UTC)

O.K. it is pretty complete now. We know what kind of kid he was (Batting cage in back yard, 3 state little league champions, and a baseball powerhouse high school). I'd like to be able to flesh out his family a bit, but I'll settle for what we have got.--TonyTheTiger (T/C/BIO/WP:CHICAGO/WP:FOUR) 23:18, 25 April 2012 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 7 external links on Philip Humber. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140517115425/http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20110601%2FSPORTS%2F110539934%2F-1%2FNEWS to http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20110601%2FSPORTS%2F110539934%2F-1%2FNEWS
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20120907095359/http://www.omaha.com/article/20100617/CWS/706179732 to http://www.omaha.com/article/20100617/CWS/706179732
 * Added tag to http://www.ketv.com/r/14028344/detail.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110106164210/http://oakland.athletics.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20101217&content_id=16339572&vkey=news_oak&c_id=oak to http://oakland.athletics.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20101217&content_id=16339572&vkey=news_oak&c_id=oak
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120224035522/http://oakland.athletics.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20110108&content_id=16410332&vkey=news_oak&c_id=oak to http://oakland.athletics.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20110108&content_id=16410332&vkey=news_oak&c_id=oak
 * Added tag to http://www.csnchicago.com/baseball-chicago-whitesox/whitesox-talk/Humber-wins-AL-Player-of-the-Week-will-g?blockID=695072&feedID=621
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140708090459/http://www.sacbee.com/2014/04/02/6290851/pitching-is-the-key-for-river.html to http://www.sacbee.com/2014/04/02/6290851/pitching-is-the-key-for-river.html
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20130203104551/http://posttrib.suntimes.com/sports/12055801-556/humbers-pregnant-wife-thrilled-as-she-watches-from-home.html to http://posttrib.suntimes.com/sports/12055801-556/humbers-pregnant-wife-thrilled-as-she-watches-from-home.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120427014141/http://blogs.suntimes.com/whitesox/2012/04/call-from-obama-tv-time-with-d.html to http://blogs.suntimes.com/whitesox/2012/04/call-from-obama-tv-time-with-d.html
 * Added tag to http://www.sacbee.com/2012/04/21/4432544/indians-tomlin-connected-to-white.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 16:23, 19 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Philip Humber


text:
Organic Chemistry/Periodic table

Some of the good news about organic chemistry is that it focuses on a subset of the periodic table, so there are fewer elements to worry about. These are the main elements with which we must concern ourselves, although occasionally a few others will be used in reactions.

Organic chemistry > Periodic table shortened for organic chemistry

title: Organic Chemistry/Periodic table


text:
Urala

Urala (Урала; ГӀурала) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tlogobsky Selsoviet, Gunibsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 61 as of 2010.

Geography
Urala is located 44 km northwest of Gunib (the district's administrative centre) by road, on the Kunada River. Bolshoy Urala and Maly Urala are the nearest rural localities.

Nationalities
Avars live there.

title: Urala


text:
Khorombeyk

Khorombeyk (also known as Khorombak) is a village in Zeberkhan Rural District, Zeberkhan District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 160, in 43 families.

title: Khorombeyk


text:
King Eric

King Eric or King Erik may refer to:

Actual kings

 * Eric I of Denmark
 * Eric II of Denmark
 * Eric III of Denmark
 * Eric IV of Denmark
 * Eric V of Denmark
 * Eric VI of Denmark
 * Eric Christoffersen of Denmark
 * Eric Bloodaxe
 * Eric II of Norway
 * Eric the Victorious
 * Eric and Eric
 * Eric IX of Sweden
 * Eric X of Sweden
 * Eric XI of Sweden
 * Eric XII of Sweden
 * Eric XIV of Sweden
 * Eric of Pomerania

Legendary kings

 * Erik Björnsson
 * Erik Refilsson
 * Eric Anundsson
 * Eric son of Ring
 * Erik Årsäll
 * Eric Weatherhat
 * Alaric and Eric

Others nicknamed "King Eric"

 * Eric Cantona, French actor and former footballer for Manchester United and the France national football team
 * Eric Gibson, Bahamian musician and entrepreneur
 * Eric Abidal, French footballer

title: King Eric


text:
Talk:Lawrence Stager

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Lawrence Stager. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150714125709/http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~semitic/wl/news/stager_bio.pdf to http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~semitic/wl/news/stager_bio.pdf

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:14, 18 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lawrence Stager


text:
OCaml

This is a placeholder for Portal:Engineering and Technology --> School:Computer Science --> Topic:Computer Programming --> OCaml

Please insert a description of OCaml and why you would use it over other languages here. Be personal, you are a teacher now, not an encyclopedian. A nice warm welcome might be in order too.

Prerequisites
Please list all prerequisites. Hopefully they will all be topics here at Wikiversity.

Course Description
Please put what we will be covering here. Be enthusiastic, not dry.

Lessons

 * /Introduction/ -- For 3-year olds and up :-)

Enrolled
Please sign below if you are participating in this topic. Use 4 tildes (~) to sign.

title: OCaml


text:
indovinare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to guess
 * 2) to predict
 * 3) to divine, to foretell
 * 1) to divine, to foretell

title: indovinare


text:
Talk:David Furnish

Male
Added male to Elton John. We must not assume our readers know who he is and it sounded like he was a she, SqueakBox 23:55, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

who's put christopher biggins? quality.

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 11:09, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

"Jack" Furnish
Was "Jack" his father's legal name or was is a nickname for "John"? Graymornings (talk) 07:24, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

Husband?
I don't think calling Furnish the "husband" of Elton John is quite right. Obviously the pair have a relationship equal to that of husband and wife, but two issues come to my mind. First, the stereotyping of words like husband and wife that used to be mimicked in gay culture where one partner felt compelled to assume the gender role of a female housewife, and the other partner assuming the opposite role- using the word "husband" might imply that. The other and main reason is that --though I am no expert, I still believe that the current laws under which Furnish and Elton John have their partnership do not yet reach all the full benefits given to a man and woman in wedlock. --Leahtwosaints (talk) 16:38, 20 April 2010 (UTC)
 * I guess it doesn't matter now, they're legally married. Not sure why they waited for the UK to change its laws first, as same-sex marriage has been available in Toronto for more than a decade, but what's done is done. K7L (talk) 16:23, 24 December 2014 (UTC)
 * He's a husband, they are both husbands. there is no slight in this terminology. Flagpolewiki (talk) 15:01, 9 April 2016 (UTC)

Sons
How can two sons be "born to the couple? The child is either not biologically descended from one, or is not biologically descended from either. There cannot physically be two fathers.Royalcourtier (talk) 07:43, 2 April 2014 (UTC)

Title
Is there any work on if David Furnish has a title via his husband's knightship? I'm pretty sure that wives of knights get to be called "Lady", do husbands of knights have any title attached?--Canuckguy (talk) 16:31, 13 August 2015 (UTC)
 * He has no title by virtue of elton's knighthood. one day he may, but not yet. Flagpolewiki (talk) 14:59, 9 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Probably not in the way that the husbands of Dames don't. Nick Cooper (talk) 12:14, 18 April 2016 (UTC)

PJS
There have been two rather sensationalist attempts to introduce content about the privacy injunction into the article. I'd suggest the following at the end of the body (not the lead) as a neutral way of covering it. There are a lot of incorrect sources out there; many incorrectly identify the claimant in the case. It might be best to wait until the injunction is lifted and see if more consistency emerges among highly reliable sources.

 * In 2016, Furnish was the claimant in PJS v News Group Newspapers, in which he obtained a privacy injunction preventing publication within England and Wales of the details of sexual encounters between him and two men, Daniel Laurence and Pieter van Den Berg. Media outside England and Wales subsequently identified the individuals involved.

--Trystan (talk) 13:35, 20 April 2016 (UTC)
 * The National Post is probably the best source covering this so far. Even if it is true (which people in England and Wales are not supposed to know), it falls under the usual rules of BLP, due weight and recentism. Frankly, none of this would have risen above the supermarket tabloid level without attempts to keep it out of the media. There will be more reliable coverage in the UK if, as seems likely, the injunction is lifted in the next few days.-- ♦Ian Ma c M♦  (talk to me) 13:50, 20 April 2016 (UTC)

---The Toronto Star runs a similar story and is a reliable, broadsheet newspaper. http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/2016/04/11/david-furnish-named-in-sex-scandal-uk-court-bans-coverage.html Cordyceps-Zombie (talk) 21:20, 21 April 2016 (UTC)

I have added information about the non-uk media coverage for encyclopedic purposes. This is on no way intended to suggest the identity of "PJS". Cordyceps-Zombie (talk) 20:58, 21 April 2016 (UTC)

I have added a Straits Times (broadsheet) source to the article. cagliost (talk) 10:55, 15 July 2021 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on David Furnish. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150107145128/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/style/articles/2015-01/05/best-dressed-men-2015 to http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/style/articles/2015-01/05/best-dressed-men-2015/

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 06:51, 2 July 2016 (UTC)

John
"Furnish is co-chief of Rocket Pictures along with John." Does this mean Elton John or his brother John? It's unclear. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:04, 21 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on David Furnish. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130120013211/http://www.eltonjohn.com/news/news_details.aspx?postid=19034cc6-3ced-433a-ba29-c83eeb8c3cf4 to http://www.eltonjohn.com/news/news_details.aspx?postid=19034cc6-3ced-433a-ba29-c83eeb8c3cf4
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130120013211/http://www.eltonjohn.com/news/news_details.aspx?postid=19034cc6-3ced-433a-ba29-c83eeb8c3cf4 to http://www.eltonjohn.com/news/news_details.aspx?postid=19034cc6-3ced-433a-ba29-c83eeb8c3cf4

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:52, 6 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Furnish


text:
Windows Programming

Introduction
This book aims to be a comprehensive source for any developer who is interested in programming for the Windows platform. It starts at the lowest level, with the Win32 API (C and VB Classic) and then goes over to MFC (C++). Beyond these basic sections, it will cover COM, and the creation of ActiveX modules from a variety of languages. Next, it delves into the Windows DDK, and talk about programming device drivers for Windows platform. Finally, it moves on to the highest-level programming tasks, including shell extensions, shell scripting, and finally ASP and WSH.

Other topics that will be discussed here are: Writing screen-savers, creating HTML help modules, and compiling DLL files.

This book will focus on topics that are specific to Windows, and avoids general programming topics. For related material the reader is encouraged to look into Wikibooks other works, they will cover general programming, ASM, C, C++, Visual Basic and Visual Basic.NET and other languages and concepts in greater detail. Appropriate links to these books are provided.

The reader is assumed to have a previous knowledge of the programming languages involved. Specifically, prior knowledge in C, C++, and Visual Basic is required for certain sections of this book.

Section 1: Windows Basics

 * Windows System Architecture
 * User Mode vs Kernel Mode
 * C and Win32 API
 *
 * Handles and Data Types
 * Unicode
 * Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL)
 * Programming Windows With OSS Tools
 * Resource Scripts

Section 2: Win32 API and UI Controls

 * Message Loop Architecture
 * Interfacing (Mouse, keyboard, and timer messages)
 * Window Creation
 * User Interface Controls
 * GDI and Drawing
 * Dialog Boxes
 * Input-Output
 * File Management
 * Memory Subsystem (heaps, virtual memory)
 * Multitasking
 * Interprocess Communication
 * MDI Programs
 * Registry API
 * Security API
 * Winsock

Section 3: Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC)

 * Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC)
 * Classes Hierarchy

Section 4: Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE), ActiveX and COM

 * Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)
 * COM and ActiveX
 * COM Programming
 * DCOM and COM+
 * Multi-language programming examples
 * OLE Programming

Section 5: Device Driver Programming

 * Device Driver Introduction
 * The DDK
 * Driver Structure
 * Driver API
 * Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR)
 * Virtual Device Drivers (VXD)
 * Windows Driver Model (WDM)
 * Vista Driver Migration

Section 6: Shell Programming

 * Programming Shell Extensions
 * Extending IE
 * Programming Screen-savers
 * Programming Services
 * Programming CMD aka Windows Batch Programming
 * Sample FTP script
 * Control Panel Applets
 * Windows Script Host
 * ASP
 * JScript
 * VBScript
 * PerlScript
 * Compiled HTML Help and Help API

Appendices

 * Resource Script Reference
 * Obtaining the SDK
 * Obtaining the DDK
 * Obtaining MASM
 * Obtaining the HTML Help Workshop
 * Key Combinations
 * 64-bit Windows Migration
 * Windows Vista Migration
 * Lists of Available APIs and related libraries
 * Wine

Wikimedia Resources
Programming Languages:

 * C
 * C++
 * BASIC
 * Active Server Pages
 * JavaScript

Information about Windows:

 * Subject:Microsoft Windows

Related topics:

 * Ada Programming/Platform/Windows
 * Guide to Windows Commands
 * C# Programming

External Resources

 * Advanced Win32 API Newsgroup
 * Microsoft Developers Network
 * Petzold, Charles, "Programming Windows", Microsoft Press
 * Hart, Johnathan, "Windows System Programming", second edition, 2001. ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>
 * Gordon, Alan, "The COM and COM+ Programming Primer", 2000, ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>
 * Oney, Walter, "Programming the Windows Driver Model", second edition, 2002. ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>

title: Windows Programming


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Andrew gerges

The result of the debate wasgone. DS 17:56, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Andrew gerges
Delete as non-notable biography (likely a hoax/facetious entry). Joe 00:03, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. --Deville (Talk) 00:11, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom as nn bio, unverifiable Bucketsofg 00:47, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. ¡Dustimagic!  ( T / C ) 05:17, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. --Khoikhoi 05:58, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete - should've been speedied imo. Wickethewok 08:58, 20 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
Talk:S. Srinivasa Iyengar

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on S. Srinivasa Iyengar. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070818090644/http://rajyasabha.nic.in:80/kiosk/whoswho/prev90s.htm to http://rajyasabha.nic.in/kiosk/whoswho/prev90s.htm

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 02:21, 14 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:S. Srinivasa Iyengar


text:
binom

Noun

 * 1)  A compound word.

Usage notes
This term is used primarily by linguists studying Asian languages, where the kanji (or hanzi, etc) representation of the word is constructed from the analogous representations of the two constituent parts.

Noun

 * 1)  binomial

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  binomial

Noun

 * 1)  binomial

Noun

 * 1)  binomial

Noun

 * 1)  binomial

Verb

 * “he is”

 * : “(to) be”

title: binom


text:
Kalateh-ye Hasanabad

Kalateh-ye Hasanabad (, also Romanized as Kalāteh-ye Ḩasanābād) is a village in Eshqabad Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 440, in 111 families.

title: Kalateh-ye Hasanabad


text:
Qader Eshpari

Qader Eshpari (born April 1975 ) is an Afghan-American singer. He is of the new generation of exiled artists who have achieved fame outside of Afghanistan. He currently lives in Fremont, California.

Early life
Qader Eshpari was born in a suburb of Kabul. To avoid the impending war in Afghanistan, his family moved to Pakistan, then to Germany and a while later they immigrated to the United States.

After finishing high school in Las Vegas, Nevada, Qader moved to California to pursue higher education. There he earned a degree in Computer Science. After working for IBM as a Technical Support Engineer for three years, he decided to return to his childhood passion once again. He started composing music and worked with various other musicians to start a career in this field professionally.

Involvements
Eshpari has a deep interest in Indian movie culture and music and much of his recorded songs reflect this. His renditions of popular Indian film songs are present in almost every album. He is also an active traveler and has toured all over United States, Canada, Australia, Europe and India. Most of these trips have been concert performances. During his 2006 visit to Afghanistan he sang to a group of disadvantaged children at an orphanage.

Eshpari returned to Afghanistan after 25 years in November 2005, with the intention to record new music videos there. He swiftly held a concert at Kabul's Ghazi Stadium.

Contribution
Eshpari's has been credited with creating and arranging music for over 100 albums for various singers from Afghanistan. Other achievements include an English song: Dance with Me (from his Sahil Eshq CD). Qader Eshpari's first professional music video is released and it is called Ashiana.

Discography
=== Albums ===
 * 1996: Soroode Asheqi
 * 1997: Sabrina
 * 1998: Sia Moo
 * 2001: Only You
 * 2003: Sahil Eshq
 * 2005: Naazi Jaan
 * 2009: Generation X

Videography

 * 2007: Ashiana (DVD)

title: Qader Eshpari


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/oyeyeah.com

Links

 * oyeyeah.com resolves to <IP_ADDRESS>
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Users
No users found.

Additions
Too many link additions (1599)


text:
Dustin Schlatter

Dustin Schlatter is an American former wrestler. He won the 2006 NCAA wrestling title and was a three-time NCAA All-American at 149 pounds for the University of Minnesota. As a high school wrestler, Schlatter was a NHSCA Senior national title, USA Wrestling Junior and Cadet national titles in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling, and was a four-time Ohio high school state champion. He represented the United States in freestyle wrestling at the 2009 World Championships at 74 kg.

High school
Schlatter attended Perry High School in Perry Township, Ohio during his junior and senior years (from 2003 to 2005), and Graham High School in St. Paris, Ohio during his freshman and sophomore years (from 2001 to 2003) where he compiled a 154-4 overall record. He also won four OHSAA state championships (two in Division 1 and two in Division 2) and the 145 pound NHSCA Senior National wrestling championship in 2005. Dustin was also a two-time champion of the Beast of the East tournament. He was undefeated at the USA Wrestling Freestyle and Greco-Roman National Championships in Fargo, North Dakota, where he won the Junior National Freestyle championship at the 135 pound weight class in 2003.

In Dustin's senior year, he twice met Brent Metcalf, who was considered the #2 wrestler in the nation behind Schlatter that year. Metcalf won the first match, 4-3 on a rideout in double overtime, at the Medina Invitational Tournament in Medina, Ohio, while Schlatter won the rematch, 4-3, at the NHSCA Senior National Tournament in Cleveland for the national championship and thus reclaimed the #1 ranking.

Freshman season (2005-06)
Competing for the University of Minnesota, Schlatter won the 2006 149-pound NCAA Division I wrestling championship as a true freshman by defeating Tyler Eustice of the University of Iowa by a score of 4-0, giving him his first All-American honor. Schlatter also was the Big Ten Conference champion at 149 pounds defeating Illinois redshirt freshman Troy Tirapelle (who had defeated Eustice) 14-1 in the championship bout. In his freshman campaign, Schlatter twice defeated senior Zack Esposito of Oklahoma State University, the defending 149-pound NCAA Division I champion, once by a major decision. He finished the regular season with a record of 42-1, the lone loss to Mark DiSalvo of Central Michigan. Schlatter later avenged this loss.

Sophomore season (2006-07)
Schlatter finished 3rd in the NCAA Championships and finished the season with a 37-1 record. After accumulating 65 consecutive wins dating back to the 2006 season, Schlatter was upset in the semi-finals of the 149 weight class by Gregor Gillespie of Edinboro. Schlatter rebounded with two more wins to take the third-place trophy. Previous to this, Schlatter won his second consecutive Big Ten individual title.

Junior Season (2007-08)
Schlatter finished his junior season with a 21-5 record and his third All-American finish at the NCAA Tournament while competing at 149 pounds. He suffered a mid-season injury which kept him out of the Minnesota lineup for an extended period of time. Upon returning he made the Big 10 Tournament finals for the third time in three attempts. Schlatter's Big 10 championship match was against Iowa's top-ranked Brent Metcalf. Metcalf won the match by a 5-3 decision.

Redshirt Year (2008-09)
Dustin took a redshirt year to train in freestyle. He also redshirted to recover, stating in interviews "I was hurt, sprained knee, sprained ankle, hamstring. I needed to give my body a rest."

He qualified for his first World Team (at 74 kg / 163 lbs.) by defeating top seeded Travis Paulson (1-0, 1-0) (1-0, 1-0). He won the ball toss each time and won each leg clinch. He competed in the World Freestyle Championships in Herning, Denmark on September. 23, 2009. He lost his first round match to Ramash Kumar of India. The match went a full three periods before it was decided, with scores of 1-0, 2-2, and 1-1. (Kumar would go on to win the bronze medal after making it to the semi-finals.)

Senior Season (2009-10)
Dustin started off the season ranked #1 at 165 lbs by intermatwrestle.com. He was 8-1 on the season. His lone loss by a score of 3-2 came from Redshirt Freshman Alex Meade of Oklahoma State. He dropped to #4 in the rankings but rebounded by winning the Southern Scuffle defeating Ricky Schmulyen of Bloomsburg in the finals. He also defeated #3 John Reader of Iowa State and moved up to #2 in the rankings at 165 lbs. On January 28, Minnesota head coach Jay Robinson issued a press release stating Dustin Schlatter will be dropping to the 157 lb weight class. Robinson had conferred with the coaching staff at Minnesota and asked Dustin to move down. He said he would do whatever was best for the team. The coaching staff said they made this decision after Olympian Freshman Jake Deitchler was ruled ineligible for the season. Schlatter was originally planning on going 157 lbs for the 2009-2010 season but moved up to make room in the lineup for Deitchler and to increase Minnesota's chances for success.

After a leg injury put Dustin off the mat for the latter part of the 09-10 season, he attempted to make a comeback in the NCAA tournament. Schlatter's injury defaulted from the competition after his leg was hurt further during a first round sprawl.

Personal
Schlatter is a native of Westerville, Ohio where he was born to Pat and Joyce Schlatter. He has one brother, C.P., who was also a four-time Ohio high school wrestling state champion.

title: Dustin Schlatter


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ethnic nepotism

The result was delete. Tone 09:27, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

Ethnic nepotism

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

This term was pulled out of obscurity by marginalized evolutionary psychologists and fringe academics as an apologia for racism. We don't need this kind of WP:POVFORK/WP:COATRACK. Ethnocentrism describes the mainstream explanation without resorting to this kind of pseudoscholarship which is itself discussed on Race and intelligence and related articles that can properly contextualize this sort of argumentation. jps (talk) 16:03, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Ethnic groups-related deletion discussions. jps (talk) 16:03, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Redirect. This appears to be a rather poor article but the term gets some hits in Google Scholar so it is a plausible search term. If this is just an existing topic, or an element of an existing topic, that we already cover better under a different name then redirect to that. --DanielRigal (talk) 16:36, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete Obscure concept advanced by fringe authors Rushton, Salter and Vanhanen. Searches mostly return primary sources; this POV hasn't received mainstream attention to justify an article. –dlthewave ☎ 17:33, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Redirect as a real subject but with a variant name. GPinkerton (talk) 23:57, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Social science-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 10:59, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Redirect to Ethnocentrism The term is a search term that is used and the article traffic demonstrates that users will look for this. The actual content of the article is thin and demonstrates that the concept is already adequately covered in a better way by the redirect target. Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 17:02, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment The Google Books results indicate that the term was coined by Pierre van den Berghe in the Elsevier-published The Ethnic Phenomenon. (1981). Van den Berghe was a recipient of the American Sociological Association Spivak Award. I am unable to find any pointers that he was "FRINGE". JP Rushton and Tatu Vanhanen are fringe in race and intelligence, though Vanhanen wasn't fringe in political science (he started to write about R&I after he retired, otherwise his concepts such as "Index of Democratization" are well-recognized and published within the field). Vanhanen's 1991 and 1999 books about "ethnic nepotism" were published by Sterling and Emerald respectively. Google Scholar gets 1,130 hits. The top result, Vanhanen's Journal of Peace Research article, has 453 citations elsewhere. If this doesn't warrant an own article (I'm not sure), then the very least it should be a redirect and warrant a paragraph based on van den Berghe and possibly Vanhanen there. --Pudeo (talk) 22:13, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Ethnocracy Probably the most sensible choice. The term doesn't seem so notable to be worth an article on it as a neologism, nor does it seem sufficiently separate. Adam Cuerden (talk)Has about 7.4% of all FPs 18:47, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Redirect to... something? Probably ethnocracy, as the closest match. Guy (help! - typo?) 16:46, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Redirect with a possible smerge, per above and WP:FORK. Bearian (talk) 22:35, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable as a term, and a redirect gives this WP:FRINGE concept a platform. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 05:50, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete Not a notable term, no redirect necessary. Redirect to Racism if anywhere. PainProf (talk) 03:23, 22 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete. Indeed, main concept is ethnocentrism. Everything else seem to be fringe and insufficiently notable. The nepotism does exist, but as a social phenomenon, not anything genetically predetermined.  My very best wishes (talk) 04:23, 22 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Life Is Better Blonde

Life Is Better Blonde is an Australian Electronic, Indie group from Melbourne, Australia.

At the J Awards of 2015, the group won Australian Music Video of the Year for "Mine".

J Award
The J Awards are an annual series of Australian music awards that were established by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's youth-focused radio station Triple J. They commenced in 2005.

 * J Awards of 2015
 * "Mine"
 * Australian Video of the Year
 * Won
 * Won

title: Life Is Better Blonde


text:
File talk:RpDUB<PHONE_NUMBER>2) (fix).jpg

Based on the time the image was captured it appears the Theatre clock is only right twice a day...Sarah777 (talk) 19:46, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

title: File talk:RpDUB (30333174562) (fix).jpg


text:
14 rating

14 rating refers to a type of age-based content rating that applies to media entertainment, such as films, television shows and computer games. The following articles document the rating across a range of countries and mediums:

Classification organizations

 * Brazilian advisory rating system (14)
 * Canadian motion picture rating system (14A)
 * Canadian Home Video Rating System
 * Manitoba Film Classification Board
 * Maritime Film Classification Board
 * British Columbia Film Classification Office
 * Saskatchewan Film and Video Classification Board
 * Ontario Film Review Board
 * TV Parental Guidelines (TV-14)
 * Common Sense Media (14+)

Systems

 * Motion picture content rating system, a range of classification systems for films that commonly use the age 14 as part of its regulatory criteria
 * Television content rating system, a range of classification systems for television broadcasts that commonly use the age 14 as part of its regulatory criteria
 * Video game content rating system, a range of classification systems for video games that commonly use the age 14 as part of its regulatory criteria
 * Mobile software content rating system, a range of classification systems for mobile software that commonly use the age 14 as part of its regulatory criteria

title: 14 rating


text:
Talk:Goldens Bridge, New York

Apostrophe?
I'm not sure if the name of the town officially has an apostrophe or not. Either way, we've got to choose one and stick to it because it's sloppy to have it spelled both ways in various places in the article. I know that the sign at the train station has it without the apostrophe - "Goldens Bridge." But it would seem more logical to include the apostrophe. Anyway, there's probably an official spelling somewhere. Westknife (talk) 14:37, 17 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Usually determining the preferred orthography is as simple as a Google search. Not so with this case!  Google Maps has it with an apostrophe, but a number of sites go without.  Even their own fire department seems confused, using both versions on the same page.  Yikes. Robert K S (talk) 05:11, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I've been living here for a year, and *I'm* not even 100% sure where the apostrophe comes from. I'm pretty certain that the proper way to spell it is without, however for quite a while the train system wrote the name with the apostrophe. Looking at old train maps, many other places in the area had apostrophes in their names, which over the years have disappeared. I've seen Brewster's and Pawling's on maps, and even Goldings Bridge on an 1849 map! No signage I've seen in the town has the apostrophe, apart from old train signs at the station (when an old sign is damaged it is replaced, and new signs do not have it). In 2003 the train station formerly known as Brewster North was renamed as Southeast, and at that time Metro-North timetables and other printed materials dropped the apostrophe from Goldens Bridge. The only situation where the railroad continues to use the apostrophe is on the led message boards of the M7 trains that list the next stop. Long story short, I'd go without.Emmyceru (talk) 04:19, 29 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Been a resident here some fifteen years, and I honestly have no idea which it is, but I agree it should be figured out! keithburgun (talk) 04:19, 23 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I'd say use no apostrophe because both the postal service and Metro North do not use one either. See  and Brody014 (talk) 02:55, 1 May 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Golden's Bridge, New York. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:08, 13 January 2017 (UTC)

Requested move 28 March 2017

The result of the move request was: Move. Cúchullain t/ c 15:41, 4 April 2017 (UTC)

Golden's Bridge, New York → Goldens Bridge, New York – The town of Goldens Bridge, New York is not possessive therefore it should not contain an apostrophe. https://www.google.com/search?q=goldens+bridge%2C+ny <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:26, 28 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Support. Most reliable sources seem to use Goldens. The last paragraph of this article in the local paper is especially convincing. The New York Times and the Town's website also use Goldens. (See also the discussion above.) Station1 (talk) 19:41, 28 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Support. The policy of the United States Board on Geographic Names says "Apostrophes suggesting possession or association are not to be used within the body of a proper geographic name (Henrys Fork: not Henry’s Fork)." Only five exceptions have been allowed in over 100 years. Chris the speller   yack  16:33, 29 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Support. I am familiar with predominant local use and sources not including an apostrophe. ɱ  (talk) · vbm  · coi) 03:48, 31 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Support based on the above. Also see Goldens Bridge (Metro-North station). PointsofNoReturn (talk) 05:05, 31 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Goldens Bridge, New York


text:
5th Congress of the Philippines

The 5th Congress of the Philippines (Ikalimang Kongreso ng Pilipinas), composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from January 22, 1962, until December 17, 1965, during the presidency of Diosdado Macapagal.

Sessions

 * First Regular Session: January 22 – May 17, 1962
 * Second Regular Session: January 28 – May 23, 1963
 * First Special Session: June 10 – July 12, 1963
 * Third Regular Session: January 27 – May 21, 1964
 * Second Special Session: May 22 – June 25, 1964
 * Third Special Session: June 26 – July 8, 1964
 * Fourth Special Session: August 3–15, 1964
 * Fourth Regular Session: January 25 – May 20, 1965
 * First Joint Session: March 1 – May 5, 1965
 * Fifth Special Session: May 21 – June 24, 1965
 * Sixth Special Session: June 30 – July 12, 1965
 * Second Joint Session: December 14–17, 1965

Legislation
The Fifth Congress passed a total of 1,192 laws. (Republic Act Nos. 3451 – 4642)

Senate

 * President:
 * Eulogio Rodriguez (Nacionalista), until April 5, 1963
 * Ferdinand Marcos (Liberal), from April 5, 1963
 * President pro tempore: Fernando Lopez (Nacionalista)
 * Majority Floor Leader: Arturo Tolentino (Nacionalista)
 * Minority Floor Leader: Estanislao Fernandez (Liberal)

House of Representatives

 * Speaker:
 * Daniel Romualdez (Leyte–1st, Nacionalista), until March 9, 1962
 * Cornelio Villareal (Capiz–2nd, Liberal), from March 9, 1962
 * Speaker pro tempore: Salipada Pendatun (Cotabato, Liberal)
 * Majority Floor Leader: Justiniano Montano (Cavite, Nacionalista)
 * Minority Floor Leader:
 * Cornelio Villareal (Capiz–2nd, Liberal), until March 9, 1962
 * Daniel Romualdez (Leyte–1st, Nacionalista), from March 9, 1962

Senate
The following are the terms of the senators of this Congress, according to the date of election:

 * For senators elected on November 12, 1957: December 30, 1957 – December 30, 1963
 * For senators elected on November 10, 1959: December 30, 1959 – December 30, 1965
 * For senators elected on November 14, 1961: December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1967
 * For senators elected on November 12, 1963: December 30, 1963 – December 30, 1969

title: 5th Congress of the Philippines


text:
Harland Dixon

Harland Dixon (November 4, 1885 – June 30, 1969) was a Canadian-American dancer and choreographer, whose career encompassed vaudeville, musical theatre, and films. For much of his career he partnered Jimmy Doyle, as Doyle and Dixon.

Biography
Dixon was born on November 4, 1885, in Toronto, Ontario. His family were strictly religious, but Dixon studied gymnastics and developed an interest in vaudeville dance performances, many of which he became able to imitate. He left home and took work as a paper hanger in Buffalo, New York, then as a freight elevator operator in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1906 he moved to New York City with just US$1.75 1906 in his pocket and worked for George H. Primrose in his minstrel show. In 1908, he married his childhood sweetheart, Charlotte MacMullen, in New York; they remained married until his death.

Dixon was known for his inventive and eccentric dance moves, being especially good at mimicry and use of a cane. His signature move, which was imitated by others, was to keep his arms stiff by his side while twisting his shoulders. He developed a duo dancing act with Jack Corcoran, and joined Lew Dockstader's minstrels, but then dissolved his partnership with Corcoran and joined with Jimmy Doyle. James Doyle (c. 1888 – June 13, 1927) had been born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and had also worked in Dockstader's troupe, though not at the same time as Dixon. The pair devised a vaudeville act in which they challenged each other to perform increasingly intricate and complex steps, including soft shoe, tap, and clog dancing, interspersed with comic patter and short sketches. In 1912 they were added to the line-up of a revue, Let George Do It, and then joined a show at the Winter Garden Theatre which also included Al Jolson and Nora Bayes.

Over the following decade, Doyle and Dixon became popular and successful, featuring on vaudeville bills and appearing in many Broadway shows, including The Honeymoon Express (1913), starring Jolson, in which they stopped the show, to Jolson's displeasure; Dancing Around (1914, also starring Jolson), Stop! Look! Listen! (1915), The Century Girl (1916, starring Marie Dressler), and The Canary (1918). A 1918 review in Variety said of them: "The Doyle and Dixon success is easily summarized: creation and individuality in their dancing. Individuality in dancing is rare, creation more so, and the combination could hardly fail, when put over with the finish these two boys give to it". By 1921, Doyle was becoming less reliable, missed rehearsals for the show Good Morning Dearie, and was sacked by show producer Charles Dillingham. Doyle worked for a while as a solo performer and dance teacher, but died in 1927, in New York, aged about 39.

Dixon continued as a solo performer. He performed in Broadway shows during the 1920s, including the Ziegfeld Follies of 1923, Kid Boots, Oh Kay!, Manhattan Mary, Top Speed, and Show Boat, and continued to perform in vaudeville and in nightclubs, as well as in Europe. In 1930, he choreographed the show Charlot's Masquerade, starring Beatrice Lillie and Florence Desmond in London, and began choreographing work for other dancers including Jimmy Cagney. He also appeared in several films, including Du Barry Did All Right and Something to Sing About (both 1937). He continued to stage and direct dance shows in nightclubs, and occasionally performed himself, into the 1960s.

Dixon died on June 27, 1969, at Physicians Hospital in Queens, New York City, at the age of 83.

title: Harland Dixon


text:
радиостанция

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) radio station, broadcasting station

Noun

 * 1) radio station, broadcasting station

title: радиостанция


text:
nilpotent

Etymology
From with literal meaning “having zero power” - bearing  roots  and. Coined in 1870, along with, by American mathematician to describe elements of associative algebras.

Adjective

 * 1)  Such that, for some positive integer n, xn = 0.

Translations

 * Czech: nilpotentní
 * Danish: nilpotent
 * Esperanto: nilpotenta, nulpotenca
 * Finnish: nilpotentti
 * French:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: nilpotente

Noun

 * 1)  A nilpotent element.

title: nilpotent


text:
Louis E. Burnham

Louis Everett Burnham (September 29, 1915 – February 12, 1960) was an African-American activist and journalist. From his college days, and continuing through adulthood, he was involved in activities emphasizing racial equality, through various left-wing organizations, campaigns and publications in both the northern and southern United States, particularly in New York City and Birmingham, Alabama.

Childhood and education
Louis Everett Burnham was born in Harlem, in New York City, although some sources have him born in Barbados. His parents were Charles Breechford Burnham and Louise St. Clair Williams Burnham, immigrants from Barbados. Louis was a cousin of future Guyanese Prime Minister Forbes Burnham. He grew up in a household with a strong racial consciousness, as his mother was a follower of the black nationalist and Pan-Africanist Marcus Garvey, and owned stock in Garvey's Black Star Line. She worked as a hairdresser, and ran a rotating credit association, a system known as "partners," or "partnerhand" in the Caribbean, during the interwar period. She raised Louis in a brownstone at 253 West 139th Street on Harlem's Strivers' Row that she bought with her savings. His father worked as a building superintendent. Both parents were churchgoers. Burnham's daughter recalled growing up with her parents and grandparents as being in "a close family."

In 1932, Burnham graduated from Townsend High School. By his college years, he was an accomplished violinist, and some ten years later was credited with the lyrics for a song on which his brother, Charles St. Clair Burnham, one year older, held the copyright. He was regularly on the Dean's List at City College of New York (CCNY), where he was able to stay solvent by writing papers for middle-class white students on a variety of subjects. During this period he was executive director of the Harlem Youth Congress. Burnham studied social science at CCNY, having matriculated in 1932. As a college student, he became interested in the civil rights movement. He helped organize the American Student Union (ASU), a mostly white youth organization, and was president of the Frederick Douglass Society, the Black student organization. During Burnham's leadership of the Frederick Douglass Society, pressure from that organization pushed CCNY to create its first course in African-American history, whose instructor, Dr. Max Yergan, was the first Black faculty member ever to teach at CCNY.

Traces of Burnham's student activism survive in the archives of CCNY, including in their "official student newspaper," The Campus. The newspaper lists him as part of a committee preparing an anti-war strike. A leaflet lists him as a speaker at the rally indicated by the newspaper article. Later he was chairman of the Anti-war and Anti-Fascist Committee, preparing a memorial for an aviator, a former newsman, killed in the Spanish Civil War. Although he is listed in these news articles as a member of the class of 1937, he spoke on campus on April 16, 1940, in support of an anti-lynching bill.

Burnham organized the first chapters of the ASU and the Harlem Youth Congress. Burnham was the Youth Secretary of the National Negro Congress, an umbrella organization of civic, labor and religious groups. As a student, he had also been Vice President of the student council. His prominence in these various organizations was due to both his congeniality and his magnetism as a speaker on racial injustice, the danger of fascism to world peace, and the problems of American young people and the many unemployed during the Great Depression. Following graduation, Burnham took a year of law school at St. John's University School of Law in Queens, New York.

New York City
In the mid-1930s, Burnham became involved with widespread Harlem protests against Italy's invasion of Ethiopia in 1935, and with the injustice being done to the teenage Scottsboro Boys, condemned to death on a false accusation of raping two white women. During this period, he joined the Young Communist League and the Communist Party, USA (CPUSA). CPUSA had become widely known for opposing racism and racial segregation, especially following its organizing the Scottsboro Boys' legal defense. (Burnham had ideological commitments equal to Communism's Marxism and Leninism. He was as much influenced by Mahatma Gandhi, W. E. B. Du Bois, and the international anti-colonial struggle, for instance suggesting in 1944 the formation of a Black political party of "Non-Violence and Non-Cooperation.") In 1939, Burnham joined the Southern Negro Youth Congress (SNYC), becoming its organizational secretary in 1941.

In the spring and summer of 1939, Burnham brought the historian Herbert Aptheker with him on an organizing trip to the south. Aptheker had published about Black slave revolts and taught at the New York Workers School, where he had met Burnham. Burnham aimed to bring tobacco field workers into the Tobacco Workers International Union. The pair traveled to Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia and Tennessee. They carried hundreds of copies of two Aphtheker pamphlets, one about Black slave revolts, the other about Black participation in the Civil War, in Burnham's car. Burnham arranged for Aptheker to lecture about Black resistance to slavery at organizing meetings in the cities and towns on their route. Ultimately they sold all of Aptheker's booklets.

In 1940, Burnham ran unsuccessfully on the American Labor Party ticket for the New York State Assembly, where he was defeated by the four-term Democratic Assemblyman William T. Andrews, getting about 9.5% of the votes (i.e., over 3100) in the Harlem district where President Franklin D. Roosevelt was getting the votes of five of every six voters. In 1941, he married Dorothy Challenor, a Black youth activist leader who had studied biology at Brooklyn College. Their move to Birmingham, which had become the headquarters of SNYC, was part of their effort to oppose racial segregation and to organize Black youth. Burnham's efforts to organize southern Black youth through SNYC were far more effective than they had been via ASU, as those youth were much more inclined to trust an organizer from a Black organization than one from a predominantly white one. SNYC encouraged the black Communist couples among its members, the Burnhams among them, to consider the politics of personal life, thereby anticipating a later feminism's "the personal is political." In response, Burnham and other SNYC men shared household chores and child-rearing.

In October 1941, Burnham became co-editor of the SNYC magazine Cavalcade: The March of Southern Negro Youth, with its original editor, Augusta Jackson, later Augusta Strong after her marriage to one of SNYC'S founders, Edward Strong. The October issue reversed the magazine's previous antiwar stance, coinciding with Germany's sudden wartime attack on the Soviet Union. Issues usually included some art, short fiction or poetry, with a continued focus on the difficulties facing the largely rural southern Black population.

Birmingham, Alabama
In 1942, Burnham joined the SNYC staff in Birmingham, Alabama. In Birmingham, Burnham worked on Black voting rights and planning Black cultural events, in addition to SNYC administrative work. He lectured to local activists on the world's anti-colonial movement and considered that the Second World War opened doors to revolutionary consciousness for people of color globally. With Birmingham as his base, Burnham helped to establish several SNYC chapters at southern black college campuses.

With Esther Cooper (later Esther Cooper Jackson after her marriage to James E. Jackson), Burnham co-led a six-member SNYC delegation in May 1942 that visited federal offices in Washington, D.C. They conferred with Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox and Attorney General Francis Biddle, as well as a half dozen other officials. The meetings were designed to advance proposals to integrate southern Black youth into the war effort. The visit typified SNYC's ongoing activism during the war on behalf of desegregation of the military, defense industry jobs for Black workers, and elimination of the poll tax in support of Black voters. Burnham appears in a photograph where he addresses a right to vote rally in New Orleans, in 1943.

A sample of SNYC's aims and projects can be found in Burnham's organizational report at the 1942 Atlanta joint meeting of SNYC's Advisory Board and National Council. The proposals were:
 * Creating some active councils in Alabama, Tennessee and Louisiana, to gain 3,000 new members in those areas by SNYC's sixth anniversary.
 * Establish six more more industrial youth centers in New Orleans and cities and towns in Alabama.
 * Create councils on college campuses in the states mentioned above, and in Atlanta.
 * Three campaigns: "expand opportunities for Negro youth to service in flying services of Army and Navy;" voting and education for citizenship; develop opportunities for war industry jobs and training.

All the proposals in Burnham's report passed.

As a result of SNYC's efforts during this period, Birmingham opened their first municipal swimming pool for Blacks, which of course was racially segregated. Immediately following the Second World War, they worked intensively on voter registration of returning veterans and eliminating the poll tax that Alabama and other Southern states used to prevent Blacks from voting. Burnham helped organize voter registration campaigns, lunch counter sit-ins and non-violent marches. In 1946, Burnham led Black veterans of the Second World War on marches in Birmingham to demand the right to vote, which Blacks were largely denied throughout the South.

In 1944, Burnham was the provisional secretary of the Association of Young Writers and Artists (AYWA), which was affiliated with SNYC. This organization's aim was to involve Black youth in the various fields of the arts, both as individuals and in groups. It hoped to bring their work to the general public; and strengthen the understanding of the relationship between culture, and events and trends in society. Burnham offered a $10 cash award, as well AYWA medals, for the best contributions interpreting Howard Fast's novel of the U.S. Reconstruction era, Freedom Road, in such disparate media as poetry, drama and sculpture, among others.

In 1945, a Black man from Laurel, Mississippi, Willie McGee, was tried, convicted, and condemned to death by an all-white jury, on dubious rape charges. The attorney in charge of his appeal contacted Burnham. Almost two weeks after the jury found McGee guilty, Burnham traveled to Laurel to interview the principals in the case. Subsequently, he sent a report on the case to George Marshall, then the head of the New York-based National Federation for Constitutional Liberties. A study of the McGee case concludes that Burnham's "detailed and accurate [memo]... was one of the most reliable things ever written about the case."

In 1946, as SNYC was organizing a Southern Youth Legislature in Columbia, South Carolina, Burnham joined with activists from South Carolina to create a Leadership Training School in nearby Irmo. Participants included union-affiliated workers, teachers, and college students from throughout the south, many intending to start their own local SNYC chapters. The Southern Youth Legislature drew more than 1500 delegates and some 5000 visitors, the "biggest interracial gathering in the history of South Carolina." With World War II having just concluded, the word "war" was often used in speeches, such as Burnham's, urging the attendees to "make war on white supremacy vandals who seek to turn the clock back on progress."

Also in 1946, American Youth for Democracy published Burnham's pamphlet, Smash the Chains. It includes a number of anecdotes of instances of discrimination against Southern Black men, a letter from the activist James E. Jackson, a brief history of Black people in the United States, a penultimate section on both the progress and the oppression that Black people are in the midst of, and a brief interview by Orson Welles with the grieving parents of a Black World War II hero. The back page includes an exhortation to join and contribute to SNYC: "You cannot afford to sit this one out."

"In urban centers, rural areas and on college campuses, the crusade proceeds in the fields of citizenship education, veterans' welfare, cultural expression, vocational training and interracial unity. The aims of the SNYC are the simple aims of the vast majority of American citizens." In one instance of Burnham's activism in Birmingham, he acted with thirty-one local activists to reestablish an Alabama chapter of the Southern Conference for Human Welfare (SCHW). In 1942, he attended an integrated SCHW conference in Nashville at a segregated hotel along with Virginia Foster Durr, Mary McLeod Bethune, Jim Dombrowski, Charles S. Johnson and Eleanor Roosevelt; at the hotel, Burnham evaded segregationist strictures by putting a towel around his head and telling the hotel staff that he was from India. Among other efforts, the Alabama Committee for Human Welfare worked on the case of Recy Taylor, who had been kidnapped and raped by white men. In another example of his activities, in 1947 he joined a number of distinguished southern representatives of the professions and labor as a founding board member of the Southern Conference Educational Fund. Burnham got into trouble with the authorities in Birmingham, where the police commissioner was "Bull" Connor, who became internationally notorious in 1963 for turning dogs and fire hoses on Black children protesting racial segregation. In one incident, Connor arrested Burnham for sitting down with a white colleague in a racially segregated, Blacks-only restaurant.

In 1947, Burnham was part of a SNYC delegation to Washington, D.C. that met with U. S. Senator Glen Taylor. Senator Taylor later joined SNYC's 1948 annual convention, where he skirmished with police over entering through the "Blacks only" entrance.

In 1948, as SNYC prepared for that convention, Birmingham police escorted Burnham to Connor's office. Connor read to Burnham from a SNYC flyer promoting the event, challenging the descriptions of the conditions that Blacks faced there: "Young Southerners oppressed and beaten... Young Southerners burned and hung... Young Southerners suffering the daily injustices of Klansmen's law." Connor, himself a Klan supporter, denied the presence of the Klan in Birmingham to Burnham, but threatened its arrival if the convention proceeded. Connor threatened Burnham personally: "Why, you’re the Executive Secretary of the organization—Why, that ain’t no job, you should be working in the mills or the mines. I ought to lock you up for vagrancy." The next day, Birmingham police murdered a teenage SNYC member.

Burnham's April 30 telegram to President Truman's Attorney General (and later Supreme Court Justice) Tom Clark framed the matter clearly: "Every type of intimidation is being used by the Birmingham Commissioner of Public Safety, Eugene Bull Conner, and his officers to deprive our organization of the right to free assemblage in holding our biennial meeting scheduled to open today... [T]he constituted authority of Birmingham offers us no protection." The telegram was unavailing. Despite Clark's other efforts on behalf of civil rights for Black people, there was no help from Washington. That year, the Progressive Party was a vehicle for the unsuccessful Presidential campaign of 1941–1945 Vice President Henry A. Wallace. Burnham co-directed Wallace's southern effort along with Palmer Weber. Burnham appears briefly in Carl Marzani's promotional film of the party's organizing convention in Philadelphia, where he is identified as the Vice Chairman for Alabama. Burnham traveled with Wallace's small entourage on a caravan through Alabama, occasionally seeing close up the violence with which the crowd targeted the candidate. Burnham could influence Wallace's views, as shown by Burnham's objection to a Wallace speech in Decatur, Alabama. Wallace had spoken approvingly of some Alabama favorites: the Bankhead family (William and Tallulah), the TVA, the University of Alabama football team; but without mentioning either Alabama's famous Black agricultural scientist George Washington Carver, or impoverished rural conditions. Wallace accepted Burnham's criticism.

(Also in 1948, in reaction to President Truman's efforts on behalf of Black Americans, Southern segregationists temporarily left the Democratic Party and formed the Dixiecrats; their presidential candidate, Senator Strom Thurmond, won four southern states, an indication of hardening racist sentiment across the South.)

The same year Burnham promoted a campaign for federal investigation into the murder of a resident of Akron, Ohio, Samuel Bacon, arrested and killed by a Mississippi Town Marshal for refusing to give up his bus seat to a white man. But during this period, SNYC lost the support of the Black community and organized labor, due to political repression. The Burnhams remained in Birmingham until the SNYC office closed in 1949.

The Burnhams had two daughters in Birmingham: Claudia in 1943 and Margaret in 1944. Another, Linda, was born in Brooklyn in 1948. She lived with them in Birmingham until they all moved back to New York City the following year, to the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood in Brooklyn, where their son Charles was born in 1950. Others from SNYC in Birmingham relocated to Brooklyn around the same time, including the Strongs (who lived in Brooklyn across the street from the Burnhams) and the Jacksons. This group, all with young children, formed a mutually supportive community amidst the fears engendered by the persecutions of the McCarthy period.

Freedom, the National Guardian and Freedomways
In Brooklyn, the small circle of African-American Communists (and the white Communist, Herbert Aptheker as well, with his daughter Bettina ) mostly avoided speaking to their children about this party tie, but took these young children to meetings and rallies. During summers they were joined by Sallye Davis, another former SNYC leader, who would drive from her Birmingham home with her young daughter, the later activist Angela, to attend graduate school in New York. These children and their parents socialized with each other in their own homes and those of their fellow Communists, including the intellectual luminary W. E. B. Du Bois. Having a small, closely-knit group in Birmingham, and which persisted during the Red Scare of the McCarthy period, created lasting bonds and valuable mutual support. Besides Angela Davis, other children from their group, including Burnham's own, grew up to become accomplished adults.

In 1950, Burnham helped bring to life a Paul Robeson project, the monthly newspaper Freedom, as its managing editor. He was responsible for getting the monthly started. According to Burnham's wife Dorothy, Burnham's intent was to publicize "the story of the people who were active in the movement and who were being persecuted during the McCarthy period.". The newspaper ran monthly from November 1950 through August 1955, although it was bimonthly for the last two issues because it was running out of funds.

In its initial issue, Burnham wrote an article defending anyone "who is courageous enough to open their mouths, join an organization, sign a petition, or participate in a delegation or attend a meeting to fight for peace in the world, good jobs, decent wages at home, and full equality for Negroes. They are American progressives." An interview with the United Nations ambassador from the People's Republic of China, in the second issue, highlighted another focus of Burnham's in the pages of Freedom, the international anti-colonial struggle. He wrote: [emphasis in original] "the colored people everywhere are conducting their struggles for full human equality."

Burnham also assisted Robeson more directly, in support of Robeson's effort to get his passport restored, writing: "It is one of the shameful consequences of the Cold War that the American most honored abroad is most cruelly persecuted at home." And he prepared a collection of Robeson's songs and messages, for peace conferences in Europe, Asia and Africa.

The writer that Burnham hired who became the best known of Freedom's staff was Lorraine Hansberry, who eight years later won the New York Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Play. He hired her in 1951 when she was 20, shortly after her arrival in New York. At the newspaper, she worked initially, in her own words, "typing (eh?) receptionist and writer." Burnham nurtured her sense of herself as a writer, one of several who were published in the pages of his newspaper.

In 1951, Burnham, with numerous other prominent Black activists, writers and professionals, as well as families of the documented injured or murdered Black people, and white sympathizers, was one of the signers of We Charge Genocide: The Historic Petition to the United Nations for Relief From a Crime of the United States Government Against the Negro People.

Burnham's activities in 1951 also included organizing an event to honor the publication of the first volume of Aptheker's Documentary History of the Negro People.

From 1957 to 1960, Burnham wrote for the National Guardian as the associate editor for civil rights and national liberties. He reported from the South, Little Rock, Chicago, Detroit and Harlem, and wrote interpretive pieces upon his return from these forays. A friend of Burnham's from SNYC days, and later Brooklyn neighbor, James E. Jackson, reportedly described Burnham's method of gathering material in Little Rock in 1958, the year after nine Black students were escorted into segregated Little Rock Central High School by the 101st Airborne Division: "Burnham spent a lot of time speaking to people on lunch hours, on the job at the factories there. Talking to the Negro youth there and observing people on the street, sitting in barbershops he got reaction." Apparently skeptical of the likelihood of immediate racial progress, Burnham reportedly told Jackson that "there is an unprecedented, an almost swagger, of new confidence on the part of the Negroes. And part of that is compounded by naive effect [sic] that the government is on their side, the law is on their side, and the reactionaries, the Southerners have got to give in sooner or later and the time will be sooner."

During this period, in 1959, Burnham was elected to the National Committee of CPUSA.

Near the end of his life, SNYC veterans Burnham, Esther Cooper Jackson, and Edward Strong, who had participated in its creation in 1937, conceived of a Black literary and political quarterly. Burnam and Strong worked for "two or three years" on this project. Burnham was to be the editor. But he had a heart attack and died on February 12, 1960, while he was giving a lecture on "Emerging Africa and the Negro People's Fight for Freedom" to young artists and writers for Negro History Week, at the Intercultural Society in midtown Manhattan in New York City. In this final speech, he said, "I know you get tired of the continuing struggle sometimes. We all do—and then there are reversals in situations—but we must not despair, we must not rest too long.  Tomorrow's new world beckons.  Tomorrow belongs to us."

He was 44 years old; he was survived by his wife and four children, as well as his mother and brother. His obituary in The New York Times summarized his career: "more than twenty years a leader in the fight for Negro civil rights and the right to vote. He wrote and lectured widely before school and youth groups." Key figures in the anti-colonialism fight spoke at Burnham's April 28 memorial service, among them James Jackson, W. E. B. Du Bois, James Aronson and Alphaeus Hunton.

Du Bois helped organize fundraising "to ensure the upbringing and education" of Burnham's children, appealing in a circular letter "to the great numbers of people whose love and respect he had well earned." The National Guardian, which had published Burnham's last column on February 15, 1960, as "Not New Ground, But Rights Once Dearly Won," reprinted it a year after his death, as "Louis E. Burnham's last written work: The cry is still how long, O Lord, how long?" This reprint concluded with a note concerning the establishment of the Louis E. Burnham fund "to provide for the well-being of his family and the education of his four children."

Esther Cooper Jackson later described the impact of Burnham's death on the gestation of the planned journal: "After Louis died we were all in such shock that nothing happened for a while. Then Jim [James] Jackson, Shirley Graham Du Bois, Dr. Du Bois, John Oliver Killens, Ruby Dee, Ossie Davis, Lorraine Hansberry and some of us got together. Well we're going to try it out, because this was Louis Burnham's dream." This circle of activists and writers brought the idea of the new periodical to fruition: the quarterly journal Freedomways.

Family
Burnham's wife, Dorothy Burnham, was already actively advocating for social justice at the time of their marriage, and has continued this throughout her life, making notable contributions to public education, civil rights, women's rights and the promotion of racial and economic equality. After her husband's death, she was an active leader in the national organization Women for Racial and Economic Equality, as well as with the Sisters Against South African Apartheid, Genes and Gender, and Women's International League for Peace and Freedom; in addition, she served on the board of Freedomways and wrote for it. She became a faculty member at Hostos Community College and later taught biology and related subjects at City University of New York. Her 107th birthday was celebrated in the New York Amsterdam News.

Claudia Burnham was their oldest daughter. Their daughter Margaret Burnham is a law professor and racial justice activist, and a former judge in Massachusetts. Their daughter Linda Burnham is a journalist and women's rights activist, particularly regarding women of color. Their son Charles Burnham is a violinist.

Publications

 * Discusses racial discrimination in the South.
 * Concerns oppressive conditions in the South: causes and remedies.
 * Memoir of a Black member of, and eventual ship captain in, the United States Merchant Marine, the first to command a fully integrated crew.

title: Louis E. Burnham


text:
User:WouterVH~enwikibooks

Projects I'm currently working on:

 * Open Cursus Initiatief
 * Vrijschrift
 * Open-Education.org

title: User:WouterVH~enwikibooks