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Talk:Baháʼí Faith/Archive 19

Social principles: Baha'i belief on war
User Jeff3000 is constantly reverting a citation on war from Baha'i sources in this section for no apparent reason. If you have a problem please state it in a civilized manner here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Illuminator123 (talk • contribs) 19:45, 27 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Your edits are that they don't provide sufficient background and provide one viewpoint that can be misinterpreted, and in interpreted in the manner that you want to push your POV. It's fine for such an item to be in the article, but it has to have sufficient background so that it doesn't lead the reader to only one POV.  To do that it requires further background, and that's not appropriate for the lead of the article which is supposed to cover the most succint summary.  If you read other third party sources, they never start with the type of subjects you are trying to put in.

 * Furthermore your inclusion of the assassination on the life of the Shah by a few Babis completely fails to mention overwhelming testimonies of many establishing the non-complicity of Bahá'u'lláh. Hatcher and Martin in their work, The Baha'i Faith: The Emerging Global Religion, even cite a Persian official account admitting the innocence of Baha'u'llah (footnote 8, page 33, 2002 edition).  On pages 30-31 of Hatcher and Martin, the imprisonment of Baha'u'llah in the Siyah Chal is put in the larger context of the broad persecutions directed against the Babis.  Again for such a topic that requires context, and differenting views, to add it to the lead when such differing views can't be made is not appropriate.  Regards, -- Jeff3000 (talk) 21:01, 27 April 2017 (UTC)

 * Given what you say about POV, then it is equally egregious to include a statement such as "Opposition from Islamic clergy in both the Ottoman and Persian empires meant that early Bahá'ís faced heavy persecution, which continues in modern Iran." The restrictions in Iran were initially due to the Babi insurrections.  Although allegedly not complicit himself,  Bahá'u'lláh was a leader in the Babi community and was in fact imprisoned and exiled for being a part of the community some of whose members attempted to assassinate the Shah.
 * My point is that if your argument is that certain edits "don't provide sufficient background and provide one viewpoint that can be misinterpreted, and in interpreted in the manner that you want to push your POV," that argument can be more justifiably applied to multiple other statements made by certain editors in various other topical articles.
 * Regards,
 * A35821361 (talk) 21:48, 27 April 2017 (UTC)
 * "Restrictions in Iran were initially due to the Babi insurrections" - you are willing to state some matters in one way of absolutes yet you use conditional "allegedly" in others. There was nothing rational or fair minded about a wave of proving your loyalty to the government by taking turns spearing and stabbing any local Babi that could be found out while a comparative few were imprisoned and mostly executed and only a barest limit banished instead. This is not sound judgement responding to insurrections and trying to maintain social order - it is blithering disregard for truth and virtue to maintain control at any cost including one's own principles, of ruling by fear and bloodshed that made soldiers cringe. And this is the point of outcry that arose then and arose in recent years - thus whole articles reference it so summarizing a major point can be in the lead as a prelude to the main content - but there must be that content elsewhere to warrant it being in the lede and not in just a paper here or there but as detailed in many reliable sources and not those of a few. Smkolins (talk) 11:32, 28 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Jeff3000 and Cuñado: 1- It is a established fact that the Baha'i goal is to unite the world under a Universal faith called "Baha'i". You are deleting this fact for no apparent reason and insist this universal fact not be named obscuring this fact. 2- I have directly quoted Abdu'l-Baha's opinion on war for attaining peace. This quote which is very clear and needs no further interpretation has been published for nearly a hundred years by the Baha'i authorities. It is not my POV, it is Abdu'l-Baha's POV automatically making it Baha'i belief. Again you are consistently deleting this and breaking the Wikipedia guidelines on Good articles which state these articles : "contain factually accurate and verifiable information". You presenting the Baha'i faith in a manner that goes against Baha'i scripture and the statements of its founders. Illuminator123 (talk) 07:01, 28 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Speaking for myself, though I feel addressed as well, your text is totally ignoring the context as filled out in several compilations and implementing such teachings exampled in ways Baha'is have undertaken generations of effort and articles reviewing these as well. And accusing us of going "against Baha'i scripture and the statements of its founders" is specious at best, as we are in a wikipedia context, and may show your rooted efforts than ours. Who exactly are you trying to convince with such an argument? Has it ever actually worked? But returning to the point here, see BIHE where Baha'is do not degenerate under the endless persecution but evolve remarkable ways of self-preservation and positive growth and not wasting time in mere opposition and strife. Smkolins (talk) 11:48, 28 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Baha'i compilations on "war" cite the same quotes that I have provided: "Questions and Answers on War and Related Issues, compiled by National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States. 2003-03-19" I have ignored no context, in fact the quote I mentioned from Abdu'l-Baha clearly explains the context in full. Your reference to BIHE is irrelevant to the topic being discussed. Illuminator123 (talk) 12:13, 28 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Your edits insinuate that Baha'is are going to take over the world through war and conquest. Even the most cursory review of the Baha'i Faith rejects that notion. Baha'u'llah abrogated holy war, and the comment from Abdu'l-Baha was a review of past wars in history, not a blueprint for Baha'is to conquer the world. Cuñado  ☼ -  Talk  15:29, 29 April 2017 (UTC)
 * My edit, in no manner, insinuates that Baha'is are going to take over the world through war and conquest and I didn't even mention holy war. Abdu'l-Baha is not speaking about the past, both Shoghi and Abdu'l-Baha are using prsnt and future tense in their statements. Unfortunately, you are ignoring all Wikipedia guidelines on warring and instead of engaging in a civilized manner in resolving this issue, are completely deleting all my edits and imposing your own POV on the article. A friendly reminder to you and the other two editors that are simply deleting the text without any attempt at improving it. This is the standard wiki guideline in these circumstances: "When you find a passage in an article that is biased or inaccurate, improve it if you can; don't delete salvageable text. For example, if an article appears biased, add balancing material or make the wording more neutral. Include citations for any material you add.": Illuminator123 (talk) 17:45, 29 April 2017 (UTC)

Show me one reputable third party source talking about this while summarizing the religion. Cuñado ☼ -  Talk  21:23, 29 April 2017 (UTC)
 * The quote is part of Baha'i scripture and there is no need to seek the opinion of some third party. It is part of the core beliefs of Baha'is that they have frequently cited themselves when summarizing their beliefs about war:
 * 1- It has been propagated under the title "righteous warfare" for nearly a hundred years in the book Baha'u'llah and the new era. published by the US Bahá’í Publishing Trust.
 * 2- It has been cited by the UHJ in a compilation on peace
 * 3- It has been cited in "Questions and Answers on War and Related Issues" byt the NSA of the United States
 * 4- It has also been quoted in an article presented at the Irfan Colloquia titled "Just War from the Bahá'í Perspective" Illuminator123 (talk) 21:54, 29 April 2017 (UTC)
 * as presented:"For the establishment of a lasting peace (Greater Peace) and the purging of the 'overwhelming Corruptions' it is necessary that all the people of the world universally unite under the Baha'i Faith. According to the Baha'i leader `Abdu'l-Bahá, conquests and war can be a righteous means of establishing peace…"
 * This is utter travesty. An EXAMPLE of how it is a travesty of understanding is BIHE where, if Baha'is thought war was a primary means to peace it would already have been going on. Instead you have creative ways of peaceful organization tried over and over as the government and clergy seek every new ways to trample the religion. It is utter nonsense to put these quotes next to eachother without context of what was meant and done and practiced. It is just wrong on every level. Smkolins (talk) 22:10, 29 April 2017 (UTC)
 * More examples - the Baha'i Faith in Germany and Russia. In both cases Baha'is were individually and collectively killed. But no signs of rebellion, warfare. So this is not the way things are done. Abstracted ideas of some circumstance juxtaposed with some aspect of an international culture and world unity with some idea what in some situation warfare might be good do not belong next to eacother. Period. And warfare is such a minor part of the panoply of teachings that is a minor issue, and far far far from any idea of a call to arms. Just like backbiting is serious whereas if you are not vegetarian is a small small thing. And lacking that understanding is making these contributions to this and other articles insanely illbalanaced and illconcieved. Smkolins (talk) 22:21, 29 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Those were good references. Baha'u'llah and the New Era mentions this quote in a very different context than what you are trying to put in the article. Your edits combine two thoughts (it is necessary for most of the world to become Baha'i for a lasting peace, and Abdu'l-Baha said that wars can be just) and leave the obvious conclusion that Baha'i teachings may spread by conquest and force. This is why other editors aren't allowing it. If you take the references you provided and edit in a similar fashion (in Baha'i teachings, wars can be considered just if they are enforcing collective security against an unjust government), and assuming that the edit is coherent with the rest of the article, nobody would care. What you did was original research. Cuñado  ☼ -  Talk  22:27, 29 April 2017 (UTC)
 * @SmkolinsYou are imposing your own POV on the article where the context is abundantly clear and using anecdotal evidence to refute Baha'i scripture. Just because Baha'is are engaged in peaceful work somewhere it doesn't mean they don't believe in war as a means of attaining peace. The quotes and evidence I provided are abundant proof. @Cuñado The Wiki guidelines state that it is up to you to edit that text if you think it is out of context: "When you find a passage in an article that is biased or inaccurate, improve it if you can; don't delete salvageable text. For example, if an article appears biased, add balancing material or make the wording more neutral. Include citations for any material you add.": It specially mentions that you shouldn't delete it but that is all you do. Deleting without the slightest attempt at what you think is improvement. I'm sorry but I'm not going to do your homework here.Illuminator123 (talk) 22:37, 29 April 2017 (UTC)
 * "to refute Baha'i scripture" is not the purpose of this article. You are juxtaposing very important demonstrable teachings of the religion widely cited and an obscure specific matter narrowly cited and you are putting it in the lede and putting it next to this widely recognized teaching as if they belong together. This is utter nonsense. The salvagable thing to do is respect wikipedia rules of highlighting the widely reliably reported content and save the minor details down article if they really should be mentioned at all. It isn't the case that every single affirmed detail has to be included in an article. It depends on how reliable sources have framed the discussion. Both of you two editing in this arena are way way way out in insane land and are seemly purely just to make a stink. Smkolins (talk) 22:42, 29 April 2017 (UTC)
 * My only goal in editing Wikipedia articles is to provide academically-sourced, objective information on topics. Your goals in editing Wikipedia speak for themselves.  As if your purpose was not self-evident, however, you expressed your ideological commitment and motivation in editing Wikipedia articles in a February 19, 2007 interview with Warren Odess-Gillett on his A Bahá'í Perspective podcast.  Despite your calling my edits "way way way out in insane," I will continue to assume good faith with other editors, as you purportedly expressed to me last October.  Regards, A35821361 (talk) 23:18, 29 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Really. That's where you want to go. Correcting a negative view with reliable sources about a school went on to win awards is a bad reason to contribute to wikipedia? Or writing about a renowned Indian film maker and actor? Are you going to review all my edits? Should yours? O please do please do. I've publicly thanked some of your contributions but others are just wrong and it is severely weird that someone well studied on some matters would miss so obvious aspects in others. Smkolins (talk) 23:42, 29 April 2017 (UTC)

Ottomans in the Second Paragraph
This edit doesn't belong in the second paragraph. It's wordy, distracting, and covered elsewhere. Introductions should be crisp, tight, and direct. Please follow the editing guidelines on lead sections. MARussellPESE (talk) 12:29, 30 April 2017 (UTC)

Edit conflicts in the lead
I've been reverting the inclusion of mentioning He Whom God Shall Make Manifest, Shaykhism and the reference to the assassination attempt on the Shah because there are numerous things that could be included in a summary of the religion, but these are rather obscure facts that are mentioned further down in the article under the history section. The lead needs to be written for someone who has never heard of the subject of the article and give them a concise overview of the most important topics. Per WP:LEAD:
 * The lead should stand on its own as a concise overview of the article's topic. It should identify the topic, establish context, explain why the topic is notable, and summarize the most important points, including any prominent controversies. The notability of the article's subject is usually established in the first few sentences. Like in the body of the article itself, the emphasis given to material in the lead should roughly reflect its importance to the topic, according to reliable, published sources. Apart from basic facts, significant information should not appear in the lead if it is not covered in the remainder of the article.

I've been trying to include a few broad pieces of information to establish context, establish notability, and give a very concise summary of history and teachings. I don't understand the desire to link to He Whom God Shall Make Manifest or referencing Shaykhism when there is no context for those ideas in the first place, they do not stand out as particularly important relative to Baha'i history and teachings, and they do not add to the notability of the subject. Shaykhism is not even mentioned in the rest of the article.

You can also compare to other published summaries from reliable sources and see that the edits I'm reverting are deviating from a normal summary. Here is the BBC:

 * ''The Bahá'í faith is one of the youngest of the world's major religions. It was founded by Bahá'u'lláh in Iran in 1863.

 * ''Iran was then mainly a Muslim country, and the faith was proclaimed by a young Iranian, who called himself The Báb. He said that a messenger would soon arrive from God, who would be the latest in a line of prophets including Moses, Muhammad and Jesus Christ.

 * ''*Bahá'u'lláh, which means the Glory of God in Arabic, was born Mirza Husayn Ali in 1817
 * ''*Bahá'ís believe that Bahá'u'lláh is the most recent Manifestation of God
 * ''*Bahá'u'lláh himself stated that he is not God's final messenger
 * ''*The Bahá'í faith accepts all religions as having true and valid origins
 * ''*The idea of progressive revelation is of central significance for the Bahá'í faith
 * *Bahá'u'lláh taught that God intervenes throughout human history at different times to reveal more of himself through his messengers (called Divine :*Messengers, or Manifestations of God)
 * ''*The central idea of the faith is that of unity. They believe that people should work together for the common benefit of humanity
 * ''*The followers of Bahá'u'lláh were descended from the Bábis - believers in the Báb who foretold the mission of Bahá'u'lláh.

 * There are 6 million Bahá'ís in the world, in 235 countries and around 6,000 live in Britain.

The Economist Magazine:

 * In 1844 a merchant who called himself “the Bab” (“the Gate”) began preaching in Persia. He reinterpreted Shia Islam, and said that God would soon send a new prophet in the manner of Moses, Christ and Muhammad. Bahais consider one of the followers of the Bab—Baha’u’llah—to be this prophet, and the official founder of their religion. In the face of persecution by the Persian and Ottoman empires, Baha’u’llah wrote the community’s key text. He also picked the site of the Bab’s burial: a handsome spot in Haifa, overlooking the Mediterranean (pictured).
 * As its origins suggest, the Bahai faith borrows happily from other religions. Like Islam, it prohibits alcohol. And just as Muslims worship in the direction of Mecca, the Bahai pray towards the house near Haifa where Baha’u’llah is buried. Other religions—including Hinduism and Buddhism—are honoured too. Its Persian heritage is evident. Bahais celebrate the Iranian New Year, and admire Zoroastrianism. The Bahai believe in a “oneness of humanity”, which transcends racial and class divides. This has helped the religion spread among vulnerable groups like native Americans. On the other side of the Pacific, the Bahai faith is popular among Papuan tribes: Bahais are more comfortable with their continuing traditional customs than are some Christian missionaries. Good organisation also helps. “Pioneers” preach the religion abroad, while its leaders support education for women. There are now more than 7m Bahais around the world, from Bolivia to Chad.
 * But if flexibility has helped spread the faith, it has also caused problems. Many Islamic scholars regard the Bahai as apostates; their first believers had been Muslims, who reject all prophets after Muhammad. Other critics also accuse Bahais of subversion, and link its base in Haifa to Zionism. As a result, the Bahai have been persecuted around the Muslim world, especially in Iran. Hundreds of Iranian Bahais have been arrested in recent years and last September a Bahai man was murdered in the city of Yazd. Bahais have also been imprisoned in Yemen. Pressure from Bahai groups abroad has helped slightly. Egyptian Bahais no longer need to choose between “Muslim”, “Christian” or “Jewish” on their identity cards, for instance. A special school has been set up to teach Bahais who have been banned from university. But the Bahai continue to suffer in some parts of the Middle East—even as the religion thrives elsewhere.

CIA World Factbook 2010:
 * Founded by Mirza Husayn-Ali (known as Baha'u'llah) in Iran in 1852, [the] Baha'i Faith emphasizes monotheism and believes in one eternal transcendent God. Its guiding focus is to encourage the unity of all peoples on earth so that justice and peace may be achieved on earth. Baha'i revelation contends the prophets of major world religions reflect some truth or element of the divine, believes all were manifestations of God given to specific communities in specific times, and that Baha'ullah is an additional prophet meant to call all humankind. Baha'is are an open community, located worldwide, with the greatest concentration of believers in South Asia.

Oxford dictionary:
 * A monotheistic religion founded in the 19th century as a development of Babism, emphasizing the essential oneness of humankind and of all religions and seeking world peace. The Baha'i faith was founded by the Persian Baha'ullah (1817–92) and his son Abdul Baha (1844–1921).

Merriam Webster:
 * a religious movement originating in Iran in the 19th century and emphasizing the spiritual unity of humankind

I think it would help to approach the lead with less emphasis on technical accuracy and more on brevity, with short, well-composed paragraphs that introduce major topics to those unfamiliar with the subject. Regards. Cuñado ☼ -  Talk  19:33, 10 May 2017 (UTC) your edit choices seem sound to me. Smkolins 20:14, 10 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Thoroughly endorse remarks above. NPOV is important (and cuts both ways of course). The lead ("lede" if you must) of any article, not just this one, is not the place to raise complicated or controversial matter that cannot be fairly summarised in a succinct manner without giving a strong POV impression. Babi "insurrection" was consequent to persecution - and was in accord with Muslim law, not abrogated by the Bab himself, allowing for self-defence. The Bab himself had been imprisoned and judicially murdered, along with thousands of his followers, prior to the assassination attempt. To fully explain this in the "lede" would be WP:UNDUE - by any criteria, such details are very much better left to the body of the article where there is space for bare statements to be put in context. An argument could well be made for stripping the facts Closer to the bone, resulting in a much shorter lead - but it certainly doesn't need to be expanded until it is a comprehensive "mini-article". --Soundofmusicals (talk) 03:24, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

 * I have no objections to any of the content you have included above. However, to maintain NPOV, the statement that he was imprisoned and exiled "During a time of persection" should be removed because it insinuates that the cause of his incarceration an exile was persectution, rather than the general sweep of Babis after the failed assassination attempt.  Further, the inclusion of He who whom God Shall Make Manifest is central to his proclamation of his message.  That proclamation is his distinguishing proclamation.  Buddha declared himself enlightened, Jesus announced himself the son of God, Muhammad declared himself a messenger of God, and Bahaullah declared himself He whom God shall make manifest.  Regards, A35821361 (talk) 06:55, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

 * The period of persecution began years before 1852 and lasted several years after. It peaked in 1852-53 as a result of the assassination attempt, and even if his exile was primarily in response to the assassination attempt, I think any casual observer would still call it persecution to torture and kill thousands of innocent people because they happen to share the religious convictions of the assassins. The cause of his incarceration and exile was his religious beliefs. I admit it is difficult to summarize in just a few words accurately. Notice that none of the summaries I provided mention exile or the assassination, and only one mentions persecution by Ottoman and Persian Empires.
 * Respectfully, I understand that Baha'u'llah's claim to fulfill the Bab's prophecy was of great importance to the Babis he was addressing. However, to the readers of Wikipedia that claim has no meaning and is not what makes him notable. He is notable because he is the central figure of a worldwide religion that is growing in influence. The Babi origin of the religion is already mentioned, and anyone wanting to learn more about the Babi roots of the religion can simply click on the link or read further in the history section of this article. Cuñado  ☼ -  Talk  07:22, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

 * "The period of persecution began years before 1852 and lasted several years after." No, Bahaullah was imprisoned after the assassination attempt because of the assassination attempt and not his beliefs.  After the assassination attempt, the Babi leadership was imprisoned, because of the assassination attempt and not their beliefs.  Not all Babis were arrested, not for their beliefs nor for the assassination attempt. This is actually a very simple Venn or Euler diagram waiting to be draw.
 * He declared himself a manifestation of God, declaring himself He whom God shall make manifest. He did not say "I am founding the Bahai Faith."
 * Regards,
 * A35821361 (talk) 18:49, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

 * A very strange POV that - "not because of his beliefs" ???? - so he would have been imprisoned if he'd remained a faithful Muslim? Or even renounced the Bab? Who could possibly imagine that? In other less kind words [further remarks expunged as nice old gentlemen aren't supposed to use words like that]. But anyway, that's hardly the point - space enough for something like this in the body of the article (perhaps) but not in what is supposed to be a concise and totally NPOV lede. Keep it simple and confined to more or less undisputed fact, even if this makes it a bit shorter. --Soundofmusicals (talk) 21:04, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Bahá'u'lláh remained a free man even while the Báb's followers were engaged in an apocalyptic insurgency.
 * Bahá'u'lláh was only arrested in 1852 subsequent to the failed assassination attempt.
 * Bahá'u'lláh was not arrested in 1848 when Mullá Ḥusayn-i-Bushru'i unfurled a Black Standard in Mashhad, fulfilling an Islamic prophecy, and began a march with other Bábis.
 * Bahá'u'lláh was not arrested when Mullá Ḥusayn-i-Bushru'i died at the battle of Shaykh Tabarsí on February 2, 1849.
 * Bahá'u'lláh was not arrested when the siege itself ended on May 10, 1849.
 * Bahá'u'lláh was not arrested when the Báb was executed on July 9, 1850.
 * Bahá'u'lláh was not arrested while the insurgencies in Neyriz and Zanjan continued.
 * Regards, A35821361 (talk) 13:20, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

 * In 1845 there was a joint fatwa condemning the Bab's writings, a few of his followers were physically tortured for trying to teach his faith, and the Bab was arrested (twice). In 1848 many Babis were tortured or killed for nothing more than their beliefs (including Baha'u'llah), leading to over 300 taking a defensive position and being sieged by the government at Fort Tabarsi. In 1850 there were two other defensive skirmishes where Babis held their ground in the face of armed forces trying to kill them because they were teaching their faith, and the same year the Bab was killed. All 3 skirmishes ended with the Babis killed or put into slavery. The attempt on the Shah was considered retaliation for years of bloody persecution, and particularly for killing the Bab. The persecution continued for years. 1853, 1863, and 1864 saw more skirmishes. Many executions happened all the way to 1914 (then Baha'is). The case of the assassination attempt was years into the government killing perhaps a thousand Babis for nothing more than their faith. The government took that opportunity to try and exterminate the entire community outright. It was not a simple retaliation for an assassination attempt, they went through towns and dragged out every Babi they could find and found creative ways to kill them. Describing this as anything but religious persecution is deceitful. Cuñado  ☼ -  Talk  02:39, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

 * On March 20, 1848, Mullá Ḥusayn-i-Bushru'i, who in 1844 had become the first person to become a follower of the Báb, visited the Báb at Maku prison, where the Báb was incarcerated.

 * Subsequent to his visit, Mullá Ḥusayn-i-Bushru'i became involved in the Bábi uprisings. Under instructions from the Báb, on July 21, 1848, Mullá Ḥusayn-i-Bushru'i unfurled a Black Standard in Mashhad, fulfilling an Islamic prophecy, and began a march with other Bábis. They were rebuffed at Barfurush and therefore made defensive fortifications at the shrine of Shaykh Tabarsí. Mullá Ḥusayn-i-Bushru'i would die at the battle of Shaykh Tabarsí on February 2, 1849, but siege itself would last until May 10, 1849.

 * The Báb was later executed on July 9, 1850. Bábi uprisings would continue elsewhere in Iran, notably Neyriz and Zanjan.

 * Bahá'u'lláh remained a free man throughout these events, only being arrested in 1852 subsequent to the failed assassination attempt.

 * Regards, A35821361 (talk) 13:02, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Once again having that point without context is not appropriate. It forces the reader to make conclusions which are not valid.  In the examples you noted previously (Iranica), when they mention the assassination, they immediately point to that Baha'u'llah had no connection to the assassination attempt.  Not only do never include that point, you are including the text in the lead of the article which is not meant to cover such careful distinctions.  Regards, -- Jeff3000 (talk) 13:53, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

 * The current language ("During a time of persecution") forces the reader to make a false conclusion, that Baha'u'llah was arrested because of persecution. He was not. I have outlined above a few events, all of them linked to Babi violence, that did not trigger his arrest. The assassination attempt triggered his arrest. "During a time of persecution" should be removed from the lead for violating NPOV.
 * Regards, A35821361 (talk) 19:18, 12 May 2017 (UTC)
 * The response the assassination attempt was not reasonable and drew comparisons with early Christianity. Are we to argue that the persecution of Christians under Rome was justified because they didn't obey the law of Rome?

From these it is more proper to call the period of Baha'u'llah's arrest as one of widerspread persecution. Smkolins (talk) 22:09, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

 * None of these quotes reference Bahaullah's arrest, which is the topic at hand.
 * The current language ("During a time of persecution") forces the reader to make a false conclusion, that Baha'u'llah was arrested because of persecution. He was not. I have outlined above a few events, all of them linked to Babi violence, that did not trigger his arrest. The assassination attempt triggered his arrest. "During a time of persecution" should be removed from the lead for violating NPOV.
 * Regards, A35821361 (talk) 04:07, 13 May 2017 (UTC)

You're trying to leave it worded that he was imprisoned and exiled without mentioning why, implying that he may have committed a crime. That is also unacceptable to lead the reader towards that conclusion. "During a time of persecution" seems to be the best way to maintain brevity and accuracy while getting across a simple concept that he was forced out of Iran by religious opponents.

By the way, here's the definition of persecution: hostility and ill-treatment, especially because of race or political or religious beliefs. Seems to pretty well describe pretty well what happened. Cuñado ☼ -  Talk  05:52, 13 May 2017 (UTC)

 * On the contrary, the text I insert states he was arrested after a failed assassination attempt by some Babis. Some versions that have been undone have mentioned that it was by other Babis and that Bahaullah was not involved.
 * There was a specific precipitating even for his arrest, why not mention it?
 * Regards, A35821361 (talk) 17:28, 13 May 2017 (UTC)
 * THe edits you are making make it seem like both the persuction and Baha'u'llah's imprisonment was due to the assassination attempt, which is patently false. The persuction started well before the asssasination attempt, and Baha'u'llah was also imprisoned before the assassination attempt.  Here are two sources:

 * Baha'u'llah was arrested, imprisoned and tortured two times before the assasination attempt on the life of the Shah, clearly demonstrating the religious basis of the persecutions and that He was targeted as a leader of the community (Hatcher & Martin, p. 30)
 * There was no Babi plan of insurrection; the Babis did not attempt to create uprisings even when they had the opportunity. They did act in self-defense when the Persian state, motivated to a great extent by religious bigotry ordered the destruction of the Babis (Siyamak Zabihi-Moghaddam, The Babi-State Conflict at Shaykh Tabarsi, Iranian Studies Vol. 35, Iss. 1-3,2002)
 * Regards, -- Jeff3000 (talk) 20:07, 13 May 2017 (UTC)

 * I will give you kudos for finding a quote from Zabihi-Moghaddam. To be honest, I was expecting you to dig up something from Peter Smith or another Bahai academic.
 * I will let you ponder how the Bab's telling his first follower to raise the Black Banner and lead an apocalyptic army from Mashhad does constitutes "self-defence" and not a "Babi plan of insurrection."
 * Regards, A35821361 (talk) 03:43, 14 May 2017 (UTC)

 * A35821361, what is your motivation? Do you really think that it's of critical importance that readers know about the assassination attempt? It is a footnote in the story of Baha'u'llah. It is challenging to write a summary of the religion without going into details. The version saying "during a time of persecution" is technically accurate while getting across an important concept in a few words. The lead should "identify the topic, establish context, explain why the topic is notable, and summarize the most important points". Even if you think that the assassination attempt is important, I showed you several reliable sources that don't mention any persecution or assassination, and one that says Baha'u'llah "faced persecution" by the empires. I think the only way to satisfy you is to delete the whole reference to travels, but that takes away context and fails to explain why the Baha'i administrative headquarters is in Israel. Cuñado  ☼ -  Talk  20:49, 14 May 2017 (UTC)

 * I have cut the Gordian Knot here - simply substituting the year of the exile and removing both implications objected to as NPOV. In the lead there seems to be little need to go into great detail. As stated above (more than once) a full, NPOV account would have to be quite long and complex and would be of undue weight for this article - for several reasons - especially in the lead section, which is supposed to be a summary of what follows. --Soundofmusicals (talk) 07:11, 15 May 2017 (UTC)

 * While I appreciate your efforts, the text currently pushes a POV. Having "faced persecution by Persian authorities" immediately followed by "In 1853, Bahá'u'lláh was imprisoned and exiled from his native Iran" pushes the idea that his arrest was purely persecutorial. There was a single, precipitating event that led to his arrest.  Especially for the lead, the mention of the failed assassination attempt is more germane to his arrest than having his arrest mentioned after a mention of Bábi persecution. :::::::Regards, A35821361 (talk) 17:14, 16 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Not really a problem. What happened after the assassination attempt is still persecution in the form of collective punishment. The lead is not misleading. Your edits have grown increasingly reminiscient of vandalism. Cuñado  ☼ -  Talk  20:59, 16 May 2017 (UTC)

 * The idea that his arrest and imprisonment was based not on his being a suspect but as a sweep of collective punishment is a presupposition on your part. The fact remains that the failed assassination attempt was the single precipitating event that led to his arrest.  To call "persecution" the arrest of individuals associated with the leadership of a group that had lead an unsuccessful apocalyptic uprising and some of whose members then went on to unsuccessfully assassinate the reigning monarch is certainly one perspective. Again, persecution or not, the failed assassination attempt was the single precipitating event that led to his arrest.
 * Regarding my edits, which you find "increasingly reminiscient [sic] of vandalism," a couple of days ago you asked me, "what is your motivation?" My motivation with all of my contributions and edits is to provide an unbiased, precise account of the historical truth, one that is not clouded by the prism of religious dogmatism. Dedicated ideologues who are loyal to the officially-sanctioned narrative of their religion's history are welcome to disagree.  Regards, A35821361 (talk) 23:33, 16 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Barely relevant at all in this case - full facts covered in body of article - not a matter for a concise mention in the lead in any case - to be fair we'd need to mention a whole rack of rather more relevant matter and the lead would start to look like an article in its own right. Everyone here agrees with your point that what we want here is NOT a regurgitation of an "officially-sanctioned narrative" - but a fair NPOV account. Which is what we have. What you seem to want is an account that slants everything towards your own strong opositional POV - something that would be at least as out-of-place in a Wikipedia article as an official account. These remarks are much more ad hominem than I feel comfortable with - much rather keep it totally inpersonal - but you're the one calling everyone who doesn't agree with you an ideologue. To be frank, the only ideologue I can see is you. --Soundofmusicals (talk) 00:56, 17 May 2017 (UTC)
 * I am glad to hear you are committed to a fair NPOV account of Bahá'u'lláh's arrest in the lead. If a reason is to be given, it should mention the antecedent event that directly caused the arrest.  If I am an ideologue, it is for truth, accuracy, and objectivity.  Regards, A35821361 (talk) 04:29, 17 May 2017 (UTC)

Assuming antecedent events are causal is speculation, not "truth", nor "accuracy" and far from "objective". But anyway the information is already in the article at the point where the event concerned (the exile of Bahá'u'lláh) is discussed in appropriate detail. For the umteenth time this is the lead (or lede, introduction, opening summary, whatever you want to call it) which is supposed to be a summary. If you sincerely don't get it maybe we should seek a third opinion. --Soundofmusicals (talk) 04:51, 17 May 2017 (UTC)

 * I think a third opinion is an excellent idea. Regards, A35821361 (talk) 05:01, 17 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Do I count as a third opinion? Because if so, I really don't think the lead in the article is pushing a non-NPOV right now. It would be pretty strange and out of place to put something like the attempt on the Shah's life as the sole or chief cause of Baha'u'llah's imprisonment. As for A35821361, I mean you no disrespect, and I don't know you, but if your main aim is to "provide an unbiased, precise account of the historical truth, one that is not clouded by the prism of religious dogmatism", perhaps it would be good to consider that currently you are the only one stating your POV that these specific things need to be included. Numerous users here have provided sources that address the remarks you've made, so if what you're actually after is neutrality, then perhaps consider the possibility that everybody else is also pursuing that. Nadeem.navidi (talk) 13:43, 19 May 2017 (UTC)

Persecution?
Here are a few references describing the time from third party sources: "Initially, the mullas hoped to stop the Bábí movement from spreading by denouncing its followers as apostates and enemies of God. These denouncements resulted in mob attacks, public executions and torture of early Bábís. When the Bábís (in accordance with Koranic principles) organized to defend themselves, the government sent troops into a series of engagements that resulted in heavy losses on both sides. The Báb himself was imprisoned from 1846 until 1850 and eventually publicly executed. In August 1852, two deranged Bábís attempted to kill the Shah in revenge for the execution of the Báb. This resulted in an extensive pogrom during which more than 20,000 Bábís – among them 400 Shí‘i mullas who had embraced the Bábí teachings – lost their lives."

- Friedrich W. Affolter, The Specter of Ideological Genocide: The Bahá'ís of Iran

"The challenging and heterodox nature of the Bāb’s.. claims provoked opposition on the part of the Shiʿite establishment, which then led the civil authorities of Qajar Persia to intervene on the side of the clerics...

''The first known killings of Babis followed the murder of the prominent Qazvini cleric Ḥāji Mollā Moḥammad-Taqi Baraḡāni, the uncle and father-in-law of the Babi leader Ṭāhera (Qorrat-al-ʿAyn), and a leading opponent of both the Shaikhis and the Babis (October 1847). Although the murderer was at that time a Shaikhi, Ṭāhera and her followers in the city were blamed, and several were arrested, one being formally executed, and several others being done to death by Baraḡāni’s supporters ... From this point onwards, attacks against the Bābis by leading clerics and their followers became more common and some Babis began to carry weapons. One such confrontation occurred at Bārforuš in Māzandarān, involving the killing of several Babis and their opponents, and leading directly to the armed conflict between the Babis and their enemies at the nearby shrine of Shaikh Ṭabarsi (October 1848-May 1849).

...

''After the Ṭabarsi conflict, mere adherence to the Bāb could be sufficient to lead to a death sentence, as most famously in the case of the “Seven Martyrs of Tehran,” a group of seven prominent Babis who were executed in public by beheading in February 1850...

''There then followed two major conflicts between the Babis and their opponents in the towns of Zanjān (ca. May 13, 1850-ca. January 2, 1851) and Nayriz (May 27- June 21, 1850) respectively in the north and south of Persia, as well as a more limited confrontation in Yazd (January-February 1850). At Zanjān, one of the leading clerics, Mollā Moḥammad-ʿAli Ḥojjat, had become a Babi, bringing several thousand of his followers into the new religion. An inter-communal conflict developed, which led to the city governor ordering the physical division of the town into Babi and non-Babi sections. Fighting ensued, followed by the employment of troops and an almost nine month siege of the Babi quarter, during which the poorly armed defenders held off the besiegers, killing many. Many of the Babis were killed during the struggle and most of the survivors who fought to the end were massacred...

''The Nayriz conflict was similar to the Zanjān one, the arrival of a locally-influential religious leader Sayyed Yaḥyā Darābi, known as “Waḥid,” leading to the conversion of many of the townspeople and exacerbating existing urban tensions. Again, the local governor tried to settle matters by force, leading to an armed struggle between the Babis and regional troops. As in Zanjān, the Babis’ religious fervour gave them an initial advantage over the forces sent against them and the besiegers’ final victory was achieved by deceit, and was marked by the torture and killing of the Babi survivors...

''Following the outbreak of these conflicts, Amir Kabir (1807-52), Nāṣer-al-Din Shah’s (r. 1848-96) chief minister, determined to have the Bāb himself executed. Although clearly an act of state (Amir Kabir evidently hoped that the death of the Bāb would destroy the Babis’ fervour), the execution was readily given religious legitimization by senior clerics in Tabriz and was carried out on the basis of their fatwās (on July 8 or 9, 1850;...)

''More Babis were killed in the aftermath of an unsuccessful attempt on the life of the shah by a small group of Babi radicals on August 15, 1852. The would-be assassins (either 3, 4 or 6 in number) were able to approach the shah in the guise of petitioners and then lightly wound him with pistol shot. One or two of the assailants were immediately killed by the shah’s attendants, the survivors revealing that they were Babis seeking revenge for the execution of the Bāb. Panic ensued, and a number of Babis were arrested on the charge of being involved in a conspiracy to murder the shah. Some of those arrested were later released, but most were killed, including the radical leaders, Mollā Shaikh ʿAli Toršizi, known as “ʿAẓim,” and Ḥosayn-Jān Milāni. Some other Babis, who were certainly not involved in any conspiracy, such as the poetess Ṭāhera, were also killed at this time. The Shah ordered a general massacre (qatl-e ʿāmm) of the Babis (Māzandarāni, VI, p. 71). The Ruznāma-ye waqāyeʿ-e ettefāqiya (10 Ḏu’l-Qaʿda 1268/ August 26 1852, pp. 1-3, tr. in Momen, 1981, pp. 139-42) lists names 27 or 28 individuals (one may have been allowed to escape) who were killed, but another account refers to about 400 Babis being killed, and another to women and children as being amongst those killed (cited in Momen, 1981, pp. 134, 144-45). In order to lessen the possibility of a revenge attack by other Babis, the chief minister, Mirzā Āqā Khan Nuri, distributed many of those who were to be killed to various collective groups (branches of the military, royal pages, merchants, the teachers and students at the Dār al-Fonun polytechnic college in Tehran established in the previous year, etc.), so that they could share responsibility for the action. There seems to have been some competition in devising manners of death for those condemned, some being simply speared, stabbed or shot, whilst others were beaten to death, hacked to pieces, shot at with cross bows, or blown from the mouth of a cannon, and at least three suffered the torture of having lighted candles inserted in specially cut wounds in the torso whilst still alive, before being cut into sections. Prior to death, some had their eyes gauged out or were otherwise disfigured, and at least one was shod with horseshoes. After death, the bodies of many of the victims were cut up, used for target practice, beaten to an unrecognizable pulp, or left for the dogs to eat, indicating both the ferocity of the executioners and their determination that the dead should be denied a proper burial (the details of the executions were reported in the official government newspaper, Ruznāma-ye vaqāyeʿ-e ettifāqiya, for 10 Ḏu’l-Qaʾda, pp. 1-3, tr. Momen, 1981, pp. 138-42). Ṭāhera was executed, probably by being suffocated, and her body thrown down a well...

''In the aftermath of the assassination attempt, there were also attacks on Babi villagers in Milān (near Tabriz) and Nur in Māzandarān, in both of which some Babis were killed ( Hamadāni, pp. 414-15; Momen, 1981,pp. 145-46; Nabil, pp. 637-42). There was also a further upheaval in the town of Nayriz following the assassination of the town’s governor by some Babis (March 26, 1853), the new governor using the incident as a pretext to pillage and plunder the town extensively, in response to which many people fled to the mountains, attacking the soldiery sent to subdue them. Eventually, resistance was overcome, about a hundred men being straightaway beheaded, others were imprisoned or eventually executed, whilst the women were given over to the soldiers, many eventually becoming beggars in Shiraz...

''The final persecution of Babis prior to the emergence of the Bahai religion as the main successor movement to the Babi movement took place in 1864, when a leading Shiʿite cleric of Isfahan, Shaikh Moḥammad-Bāqer, had about a dozen Babis arrested in the nearby town of Najafābād. The Babis suffered torture and beatings, but only four were eventually put to death, the rest being set free mainly because the shah decided that they had committed no crime (Momen, 1981, pp. 268-69)."

- Encyclopedia Iranica

"... [Bábíism's] is of that stuff whereof world-religions are made. And to this rank does it lay claim, demanding nothing less than universal acceptance and undisputed sway, not only in Persia, where it was first preached and where it underwent that baptism of blood which was the terror and wonder even of those who proscribed and persecuted it, but throughout the whole world. ... Persecution went on steadily in all parts of the country [following the "seven martyrs" of Tehran]... Six months more elapsed, and then, in August, 1852, an event happened which brought down upon the Bábís a persecution fiercer than that which they had yet experienced. A certain youth named Sádik... conceived in his mind a plan of taking vengeance on the tyrant who had slain his beloved master and ruthlessly persecuted all who held the Bábí faith... We have now reached a point where the scene and the characters are in great measure changed; and indeed it would hardly be too much to say that we have now entered a on a new epoch in the history of the faith. ... In Persia persecution continued with varying severity, and continually was the Bábí colony at Baghdad recruited by exiles forced to fly from their own homes. Every effort was made by the Persian authorities to molest and injure the fugitives, who, at a last resource, enroled themselves as Turkish subjects... For twelve years, then, the Bábí leaders dwelt here... exhorting their followers to refrain from all resistance to the authorities and, by virtuous lives, patient resignation, and kindly dealing with all men, to commend their faith to the whole world. So far did they succeed that from the year 1852 until the present time, the Bábís have patiently and unresistingly submitted to all the persecutions which they have suffered and still do suffer."

- Article written by Edward Granville Browne contributed to Religious Systems of the World (2nd, 1892)

To the point, considering these third party accounts, it is entirely reasonable to summarize this in the lead as, "The Bahá'í Faith formed from the Bábí religion, a 19th century outgrowth of Shia Islam that faced persecution by Persian authorities. In 1853, Bahá'u'lláh was imprisoned and exiled from his native Iran." Because 1) Persecution by authorities was a definitive attribute of the Bábí faith, 2) Baha'u'llah's banishment was technically preceded by the assassination attempt, but more accurately described as the worst of several cases of religious persecution, and 3) Baha'u'llah was not involved in that assassination attempt and to mention that he was banished because of it implies that he was involved, which is leading the reader to an erroneous conclusion. Cuñado  ☼ -  Talk  06:23, 17 May 2017 (UTC)

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Request for Comment: Lead Section
I'm requesting comment on the first two paragraphs on the Baha'i Faith. We have had about a month of edit warring, and discussions don't seem to be going anywhere. Here are the first two paragraphs in the current version (which the majority of editors are reverting to):

"The Bahá'í Faith ( Bahā'i) is a religion teaching the essential worth of all religions, and the unity and equality of all people. Established by Bahá'u'lláh in 1863, it initially grew in the Middle East and now has between 5-7 million adherents, known as Bahá'ís, spread out into most of the world's countries and territories, with the highest concentrations in India and Iran.

The Bahá'í Faith formed from the Bábí religion, a 19th century outgrowth of Shia Islam that faced persecution by Persian authorities. In 1853, Bahá'u'lláh was imprisoned and exiled from his native Iran. He spent time in Baghdad before being further exiled, spending over a decade in the prison city of Akka in the Ottoman province of Syria, in what is now Israel. Following Bahá'u'lláh's death in 1892, leadership of the religion fell to his son `Abdu'l-Bahá (1844-1921), and later his great-grandson Shoghi Effendi (1897-1957). Bahá'ís around the world annually elect local, regional, and national Spiritual Assemblies that govern the affairs of the religion, and every five years the members of all National Spiritual Assemblies elect the Universal House of Justice, the nine-member supreme governing institution of the worldwide Bahá'í community, which sits in Haifa, Israel near the shrine of Bahá'u'lláh."

It has been adjusted and improved upon over this time, but there are a few sticking points. Please read the previous section on this talk page: Talk:Bahá'í Faith. If I may summarize the issues, they focus on how much detail should go into discussing the persecution of early Bábís and an attempted assassination of the Shah by some Bábís in order to briefly explain why Baha'u'llah was imprisoned and exiled from Iran. User:A35821361, in particular, thinks that mentioning persecution and exile should also mention the assassination attempt. Others believe that mentioning the assassination attempt presents its own problematic POV by leading the reader to think Baha'u'llah was behind the attempted murder (he was not). Regardless, all of the information is further below in the article and on sub-pages explaining all the details. This is a question about what is appropriate to summarize in the lead paragraphs to convey important concepts while not going into extraneous detail. Cuñado ☼ -  Talk  22:50, 17 May 2017 (UTC)
 * With respect to the proposed paragraph as is my main issue is the narrowness of the presence of the Faith suddenly changing from just being mentioned in the context of Persia and suddenly "Baha'is around the world…". In this context it might be good to elaborate briefly on the presence of Baha'is in countries in Baha'u'llah's leadership, then of Abdu'l-Baha, and then Shoghi Effendi. Along the lines of: "Upto Bahá'u'lláh's death in 1892 the religion was present in (x) countries. Then leadership of the religion fell to his son `Abdu'l-Bahá (1844-1921) during which time the religion was introduced to the West especially the US and Canada, Australia and New Zealand, as well as some of Europe, and later his great-grandson Shoghi Effendi (1897-1957) during who's leadership the religion spread especially to South America, Africa and Oceania to most countries"  I also quibble over the word "concentration" as it can mean absolute numbers of Baha'is or Baha'is compared to the country's general population. Maybe "membership" would be an alternative?

But none of these points are being discussed…. Relative to the points being discussed I think the clear majority sources clearly relate the wave of persecutions to be a distinct subject from that of the assassination attempt and really in light of history most of the discussion and reaction is to that wave of martyrs and persecution that took place and stands as its own subject in the lede. I think this trumps even the question of implying Baha'u'llah was involved. I submitted some sources about this above and Cuñado did some more. More surely exist. Anyway, that's my input.Smkolins (talk) 22:26, 18 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Note the analysis of the importance of the event - (see page 177) Smkolins (talk) 23:49, 18 May 2017 (UTC)

Bahá'u'lláh, as one of the leaders of the Bábí movement, was arrested after a specific, causative antecedent event, namely the failed assassination attempt by some Bábís of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar on August 15, 1852.

Bahá'u'lláh remained a free man even while the Báb's followers were engaged in an apocalyptic insurgency.

Bahá'u'lláh was not arrested in 1848 when Mullá Ḥusayn-i-Bushru'i unfurled a Black Standard in Mashhad, fulfilling an Islamic prophecy, and began a march with other Bábis.

Bahá'u'lláh was not arrested when Mullá Ḥusayn-i-Bushru'i died at the battle of Shaykh Tabarsí on February 2, 1849.

Bahá'u'lláh was not arrested when the siege itself ended on May 10, 1849.

Bahá'u'lláh was not arrested when the Báb was executed on July 9, 1850.

Bahá'u'lláh was not arrested while the insurgencies in Neyriz and Zanjan continued.

Regards, A35821361 (talk) 04:38, 19 May 2017 (UTC)
 * There is no way an action that resulted in the killing of thousands without trial can be called a "specific, causative antecendent event" in any fairness. Smkolins (talk) 16:01, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

 * In fairness, yes it can be called "a specific, causative antecedent event." The assassination attempt had many ramifications, one of which was Bahá'u'lláh's arrest. A look at acts of violence in various historical contexts shows similar consequences. Regards, A35821361 (talk) 16:59, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

 * I would strongly recommend including a discussion of the assassination attempt in the article body, assuming reliable sources can be found which directly relate this event to Bahá'u'lláh's arrest. The lead, however, is better concise, i.e. without mentioning what led up to the arrest, which surely was a quite complex history. Cl ea n Co py talk 01:12, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

 * It has been included in the body for some time now. See section Bahá'í Faith. Thanks for contributing. Cuñado  ☼ -  Talk  04:57, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Thank you for addressing the RfC, Cl ea n Co py talk.  The problem with not including mention of the failed assassination attempt in the lead is that with the wording as it has been maintained, mentioning Bahá'u'lláh's arrest after referring to a "time of persecution" falsely pushes the POV that his arrest was purely persecutorial, when in fact it was precipitated by a single event, the failed assassination attempt.  I have mentioned above a number of incidents during the apocalyptic Bábi insurrections that did not precipitate his arrest.  If the lead is to be concise, without mentioning what led up to the arrest, do you recommend omission of the "persecution" as well?  In the past I have unsuccessfully recommended wording along the lines of "during a time of persecution in the wake of apocalyptic insurrections."  However, while that wording addresses the underlying reason for the persecution, it does not address the specific reason for his arrest, which is the failed assassination attempt.  Regards, A35821361 (talk) 12:41, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

 * The wording, "during a time of persecution in the wake of Babi insurrections" (I would leave out the word "apocalyptic") seems straightforward enough. Is this acceptable to others, as well? Cl ea n Co py talk 22:57, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Not exactly, the Babis did not mount an insurrection, the times when they engaged in battle, they were surrounded and outnumbered, fighting defensively. Before taking up arms many were killed and tortured, fatwas were issued against them, and the wave of killings following the attempted assassination was greatly amplified by their desire to get rid of them based on religious beliefs. Religious persecution is the correct term. Cuñado  ☼ -  Talk  23:53, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

 * When, at the command of the Bab, Ḥusayn-i-Bushru'i unfurled a Black Standard in Mashhad, fulfilling an Islamic prophecy, and began a march with other Babis, they were not "surrounded and outnumbered." Nor were the Babis "surrounded and outnumbered" when they began uprisings in Neyriz and Zanjan.  Yes,  Cl ea n Co py talk, I would go along with the wording "During a time of persecution in the wake of Babi insurrections, Bahaullah was arrested subsequent to an unsuccessful assassination attempt by some Babis of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar."  Regards, A35821361 (talk) 00:41, 31 May 2017 (UTC)

The lead is already quite sufficiently long. The details can remain in the body. Incidentally, Oliver Scharbrodt's Islam and the Baha'i Faith: A Comparative Study has a clear description of the events on page 38. Cl ea n Co py talk 01:42, 31 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Cl ea n Co py talk, please go ahead and edit the wording in the lead as you fit, thank you. Regards, A35821361 (talk) 09:06, 31 May 2017 (UTC)

 * an academic presentation - The Religion of Unity and the Unity of Religion: Remembering the Bahá’í Faith and Bahá’u’lláh, by Sasha Dehghani, Center for the study of World Religions, Harvard Divinity School, May 8, 2017 Smkolins (talk) 17:10, 1 June 2017 (UTC)

Due to the quiescence here for the past week since recommended wording by Cl ea n Co py talk, is there a consensus on his suggestion? Although Bahá'u'lláh was in fact arrested subsequent to the failed assassination attempt, is the wording "In 1853, during a time of persecution in the wake of Babi insurrections, Bahá'u'lláh was imprisoned and exiled from his native Iran" acceptable? If not, what is the objection? Regards, A35821361 (talk) 21:39, 5 June 2017 (UTC)

 * I provided several reliable sources that describe the period as persecution and don't use the term "insurrection". It is still misleading. Cuñado  ☼ -  Talk  21:45, 5 June 2017 (UTC)

 * There was an apocalyptic insurrection underway at the time of the persecutions. The fact that your sources "don't use the term 'insurrection'" is more a commentary on your sources.  Countless other sources do mention the insurrection.  What is further misleading is the omission of the very reason for his arrest, which is his being in the leadership of a movement engaged in an insurrection some of whose members attempted to assassinate the reigning monarch.  Regards, A35821361 (talk) 22:03, 5 June 2017 (UTC)

 * If there are better reliable sources, why haven't you provided them? It seems British and Russian observers as third-party first-hand sources are as best as you can get. They describe a religious group being targeted because of their beliefs and defending themselves. The three major skirmishes ended in a general massacre of the Babis involved, and there are no examples of any offensive campaigns other than your claim that walking around carrying a black flag represents an apocalyptic insurgency. Your assertion is unsourced and contradicted by reliable sources. Cuñado  ☼ -  Talk  23:21, 5 June 2017 (UTC)

 * My last comment, which I stand by, was that the lede seems fine as it stands. As Cuñado mentions, the weight of reliable sources is clearly in support of the current framing, but you are welcome to seek out sources representing other points of view. Cl ea n Co py talk 01:11, 8 June 2017 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your input. I have no objection to the phrasing as it stands now as the wording in the lede currently does not push the falsehood that he was arrested and exiled due to persecution.  Regards, A35821361 (talk) 01:40, 8 June 2017 (UTC)

The status of adherents to the Bahá'í faith as Muslim
This is a somewhat contentious topic. Should we state that Bahá'ís consider themselves Muslims, although others dispute this claim, in the lead section of this article? I'm thinking that the second paragraph would be a good place to have it inserted. Also, "Letters written by Bahá'u'lláh. . . the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, Kitáb-i-Íqán, Some Answered Questions, and The Dawn-Breakers." is unsourced and lacks citations.--Ilikerainandstorms (talk) 16:22, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Hi Ilikerainandstorms, welcome to Wikipedia. Can you provide sources and citations for the assertions that "Bahá'ís consider themselves Muslims"? Personally, every source I've come across states the opposite, and so I'd be disinclined to include it anywhere in the article. If there are reliable sources that provide statements to the contrary, then they could be brought up here and discussed. dragfyre_ ʞןɐʇ c 16:35, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Hmmm, I seem to have been wrong.--Ilikerainandstorms (talk) 14:35, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * No problem! Thanks for bringing up your concerns here. By the way, the statements made in the last paragraph of the lead (which talks about Bahá'í scripture) are also made in the Canonical texts section, with citations included. They probably weren't cited in the lead because they're relatively uncontroversial statements that are unlikely to be challenged (or at least, they seem that way to me). We could always add a citation if other editors agree, but I'm not sure it's really needed. dragfyre_ ʞןɐʇ c 15:16, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

Discussion at reliable sources noticeboard relevant to this page
There is a discussion at the reliable sources noticeboard wherein an editor is proposing to remove all links on Wikipedia from bahai-library.com. The discussion is here] Morgan Leigh | Talk 20:53, 27 November 2018 (UTC)

Cleaning up 'History'
I'm noticing that the history section is a little jumbled toward the end. The first few subsections, "The Báb", "Bahá'u'lláh" and "Abdu'l-Bahá" correspond to the ministries of these figures. However, the following two subsections, "Baha'i Administration" and "International Plans" are more nebulous. The former describes the ministry and station of Shoghi Effendi, and also mentions assemblies. The latter is about the work done both by Shoghi Effendi and the Universal House of Justice as part of a series of global plans. I think the writing would be more clear if each subsection had a clearer purpose. It would be more consistent with the rest of the article to rename these subsections to "Shoghi Effendi" and the "Universal House of Justice", and rearrange the content accordingly. I think the content would mostly remain as-is, just reordered a little. This seems fairly clear but I'm new to wikipedia so I'm hoping to tread lightly :-) Rm9820 (talk) 09:27, 4 December 2018 (UTC)

 * Sounds good. Be bold. Cuñado ☼ - Talk  19:49, 4 December 2018 (UTC)

Global Population
I just revereted a change to the lead from an IP address user changing "has between 5 and 7 million adherents, known as Bahá'ís, spread out into most of the world's countries and territories," into "now has more  than 7 million adherents, known as Bahá'ís, spread out into most of the world's countries and territories," because they didn't provide any new sources of explanation of their new interpretations of sources. That said Bahá'í statistics does make clear that the newest estimates say >7 Mil. I don't think that is appropriate for the lead, since there are contradicting sources as well, and numerical estimation of a religion is complex. I personally believer 14M+ is probably more accurate, but don't have good enough sources to defend that. What I'd like to suggest is that the lead say "has between 5 and 8 million adherents, known as Bahá'ís, spread out into most of the world's countries and territories," since the sources contain many recent estimate of over 7 million, but none as high as 8 in recent years. Thoughts? penultimate_supper (talk) 12:36, 9 October 2017 (UTC)
 * I think most third party sources now say >7 Mil but "now" is an issue when the populations have been noticeably changing per decade. Very currently based on recent trends would probably call for >8 Mil but we're getting past the rate at which sources keep up and need to extrapolate which is problematic, (though it can be worth looking around to see what's out there within the last couple years.) There are also issues of what it means - different countries, different social situations, different schemes of accounting, etc. So I'm ok with >7 Mil... but I'd say we can change the "most of the world's countries and territories" to say something more like "almost all of the world's countries and territories". It is my understanding that basically the limit is North Korea, I think probably the most isolated country on the planet, and the Vatican, where I believe citizenships depends on being a Roman Catholic. Other countries that had been commented on by sources as having 0 Baha'is have been shown to miss levels of 10s of Baha'is (per some of those country articles.) Smkolins (talk) 16:30, 9 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Considering that the Baha'i Faith is not included in most surveys due to the large sample size required, I don't think there are any good sources for membership data. There is a good blog about it here. Baha'i sources estimated 5 million in 1991 and haven't provided an update since. The other sources estimating over 7 million are just taking that 1991 number and adding estimated growth rates to it. The World Christian Encyclopedia didn't actually perform surveys or go by census data. I think the lead should say "between 5 and X million adherents", where X is the highest estimate from a legitimate source, which is currently 7.8 million Baha'is in 2015. Cuñado  ☼ -  Talk  17:02, 9 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Agreed in general but I'll say the WCE has been checked broadly against other sources - see . Smkolins (talk) 17:32, 9 October 2017 (UTC)

I'm noticing that the currently-cited source for this information, Encyclopedia Britannica 2010, actually lists the total number of Baha'is at 7,337,000. That actually contradicts the current statement that the population is between 5 million and 7 million. So, we should really change it to something else. Both the "more than 7 million" and "between 5 million and 7.8 million" suggestions make sense to me. Rm9820 (talk) 15:57, 3 December 2018 (UTC)

 * I don't think it's that simple. The high numbers were taken from optimistic numbers and continued using an assumed growth rate. Basically they are wrong, but it is nearly impossible to get an accurate count on a large religious group spread out into every country in the world, so the numbers keep getting propagated because nobody knows what the real numbers are. See this blog for more details. Pay attention to the part about India. Cuñado ☼ - Talk  20:24, 3 December 2018 (UTC)

 * If the Britannica says one thing and a blog say another we should totally go with what the Britannica says. According to the edition cited in the article Britannica says 7,337,000, so I suggest we go with "over 7 million adherents" as the current text does not accurately reflect what the cited source says. It is worth noting that this data is from 2010. If someone has access to the latest edition of the Britannica perhaps an update would be in order. Morgan Leigh | Talk 01:52, 4 December 2018 (UTC)

 * Is another viable option to just not mention a number in the lead? Are there any requirements that we have it or anyone who strongly thinks we should?  This issue will undoubtedly keep coming up and there's almost definitely never going to be a final resolution.  We still have a section later on in the text that describes statistics from a variety of sources which individuals can consider to come to their own understandings.  Rm9820 (talk)

 * I think the number of adherents is pretty standard in the lead. It's part of giving context. The same ambiguity applies to any religion, it's not something specific to Baha'is, and other similar articles manage to put numbers in the lead. I think to resolve the issue you're bringing up, maybe we could change to "5 to 8 million". Cuñado ☼ - Talk  19:55, 4 December 2018 (UTC)

 * Ok, given that I'll change to "5 to 8 million"Rm9820 (talk) 22:12, 4 December 2018 (UTC)

'Derogatory towards Ahmadiyya'?
The claim that the Baha'i writings are derogatory towards the Ahmadiyya movement seems to be the center of a brewing edit war on this page. I think citations should be provided here to support that claim since it's being used to justify an edit. UrielvIII (talk) 14:37, 29 September 2017 (UTC)

 * I believe the conflict is how the first paragraph describes it as "... a religion teaching the essential worth of all religions..." or "... most religions..."
 * The source uses the phrase "all", and the description of "essential worth" accurately carries the idea that there is value in all religions. That doesn't mean that every doctrine is considered true or that every claim to prophethood is accepted by Baha'is. Remember this is the first sentence, it can't get bogged down in details. Cuñado  ☼ -  Talk  16:23, 1 October 2017 (UTC)

 * I did follow up and searched the available Baha'i writings for Ahmadiyya and found only a trivial mention of them as a sect, "If I remember correctly the same issue was raised as an open challenge in India by some spokesman of the Ahmadiyya sect." (Shoghi Effendi, The Unfolding Destiny of the British Baha'i Community, p. 424)
 * Regarding Joseph Smith, there are several mentions by Shoghi Effendi but none of them derogatory: "Joseph Smith is not a Manifestation of God." "[the Mormons] have many good principles, and their teachings regarding chastity, not drinking or smoking, etc., are quite similar to ours, and should form a point of common interest." "As for the status of Joseph Smith, founder of the Mormon Faith, he is not considered by Bahá'ís to be a prophet, minor or otherwise. But of course he was a religious teacher sensitive to the spiritual currents flowing in the early 19th century." "The Mormons are a people with high principles and ideals..." Cuñado  ☼ -  Talk  05:38, 2 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Lacking any sources otherwise, it should then be the weight of what should be said. Smkolins (talk) 16:32, 9 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Maybe a better approach is to define more precisely what it is that Bahá'ís believe. dictionary.com is a tertiary source and we should be able to find a secondary source that's more precise.  My understanding is that Baha'is do not believe in the truth of all religions, but rather that certain individuals are "Manifestations of God" / "Messengers of God", who are the founders of the world's major religions.  I can think of a few different ways of phrasing this.  One option might be to say that it's "a religion teaching the essential worth of the major world religions".  Another might be, "a religion that teaches the essential worth of religion".  (Where the second has a substantially different semantic meaning, but I can also find sources for this).  I'll look around and see if I find something.Rm9820 (talk) 22:29, 4 December 2018 (UTC)

Help!
Someone redirected this article to the article "Nazism", and now we really need someone to fix it! A planetree leaf (talk) 11:07, 2 March 2019 (UTC)

Unfortunately I don't know how to fix the problem so I'll stop messing around ): A planetree leaf (talk) 11:09, 2 March 2019 (UTC)

Fixed the problem. A planetree leaf (talk) 11:10, 2 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Fixed it for you - the "undo" function is your friend in these situations! Yunshui 雲 水 11:11, 2 March 2019 (UTC)

Thanks :) A planetree leaf (talk) 11:13, 2 March 2019 (UTC)

First sentence
"is a religion teaching the essential worth of all religions, and the unity and equality of all people.[1]"

This should have a better source than an online dictionary, and has a notably different tone than leadsentences at Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Perhaps this is the agreement of WP:RS on the topic, but it sounds like an internal description. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 16:51, 12 August 2019 (UTC)
 * It should be wikified and changed to a neutral tone. Khestwol (talk) 17:11, 12 August 2019 (UTC)

 * I think it is an accurate definition. Taking a look across several references: 1) ...emphasizing the essential oneness of humankind and of all religions and seeking world peace. 2) ... teaching the essential worth of all religions, the unity of all peoples, and the equality of the sexes. 3) ... a religion advocating universal peace and stressing the spiritual unity of humankind. 4) ... The principal Bahāʾī tenets are the essential unity of all religions and the unity of humanity. 5) ... a religious movement originating in Iran in the 19th century and emphasizing the spiritual unity of humankind. Cuñado ☼ - Talk  17:27, 12 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Are those references independent of the topic? Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 20:03, 12 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Those are dictionaries and encyclopedias. Sorry for the lack of links. Cuñado ☼ - Talk  22:40, 14 August 2019 (UTC)

 * I don't think it need to be cited - things in the lede don't have to be. I think the general mention among many references are along the lines as stated among any of them through I like 4 and 5 above more than the rest.Smkolins 12:32, 6 September 2019 (UTC)

"supreme manifestation" and what that means.
Per recent edit, @David1212, this quote may be relevant if you are looking at primary source material: "Bahá’u’lláh is not the intermediary between other Manifestations and God. Each has His own relation to the Primal Source. But in the sense that Bahá’u’lláh is the greatest Manifestation to yet appear, the One who consummates the Revelation of Moses, He was the One Moses conversed with in the Burning Bush. In other words, Bahá’u’lláh identifies the glory of the God-Head on that occasion with Himself. No distinction can be made amongst the Prophets in the sense that They all proceed from one Source, and are of one essence. But Their stations and functions in this world are different."(published in muliple places but originally) And this article is not one for defending Christian beliefs. Smkolins 16:48, 19 September 2019 (UTC)
 * The mainstream understanding of what "supreme" means is not one of intermediary but in the cycle of dispensations idea of Progressive revelation (Bahá'í) - see something like Smkolins 16:52, 19 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Regardless of how you or someone else wants to interpret this, I am providing what the actual text says, that "His Holiness the Abhá Beauty (Bahá’u’lláh) (may my life be a sacrifice for His steadfast friends) is the supreme Manifestation of God and the Day-Spring of His most divine Essence. All others are servants unto Him and do His bidding.”   As for defending Christian beliefs by noting conflicts with a prior faith that the bahai faith references, the article is supposed to be providing information about what that faith teaches, and with unity among all religions being a primary theme, thus differences with others would be something many readers would want to know, versus basically a infomercial. Stop trying to hide such.   Grace and peace thru the Lord Jesus (talk) 01:24, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
 * You are misunderstanding. Smkolins 01:27, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
 * So you say, but it remains that your reference, including "Each has His own relation to the Primal Source," simply  does not negate  what my quote said.   Grace and peace thru the Lord Jesus (talk) 01:32, 20 September 2019 (UTC).
 * You are ignoring the rest. Like the very first sentence. This is a trivial biased mistake you are making. Smkolins 01:39, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Daniel, I think what you're trying to add is on Criticism of the Bahá'í Faith, it is not hidden. Any information must use reliable, notable, secondary sources. You (or I) can't piece together an argument from primary sources. The few times original sources are used on the page is when Shoghi Effendi or `Abdu'l-Baha are summarizing the key teachings of the religion. Cuñado ☼ - Talk  03:44, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Certainly if you disagree with what primary sources state than it is criticism, and I am providing more than an infomercial, which apparently that is not tolerated. It is not hidden   And of course I use primary sources for what the faith plainly teaches, since this is how and why that faith presents them. And which are not "novel interpretations of primary sources" in which case  secondary sources are needed. And   primary sources may  be used on Wikipedia "to make straightforward, descriptive statements that any educated person—with access to the source but without specialist knowledge—will be able to verify are directly supported by the source."   (Identifying and using primary sources) Which is the case with my edits. And which contradicts  your premise for deletion, that that "Any information must use reliable, notable, secondary sources."  If you want me to only provide direct quotes i can do just that.   In contrast, you have not substantiated how "the supreme Manifestation of God"  is contradicted .  Grace and peace thru the Lord Jesus (talk) 10:11, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Daniel, addressing the specific issue that you're trying to shove into the article, Baha'u'llah wrote the Kitab-i-Iqan, which is the foundational book for the Baha'i understanding of the Manifestation of God. Most of the book is dedicated to explaining the concept that all Manifestations of God are equal and none should be regarded as inherently greater than another, only that over time people's capacity increases and thus the revelations get more advanced. Knowing that a thorough review of primary sources would not come to the conclusion that you were trying to insert, that your "criticism" is not seen anywhere among reliable secondary sources, and that it appears that you cherry picked a quotation somewhat out of context to make a novel interpretation of primary sources, I removed it. Cuñado ☼ - Talk  15:36, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
 * To the contrary of a  "cherry picked"  "quotation somewhat out of context to make a novel interpretation of primary sources,"  you are  imposing your own synthesis of a work as being  in opposition to a simple plain  straightforward, descriptive statement that any educated person—with access to the source but without specialist knowledge—will be able to verify are directly supported by the source. Meanwhile  "reliable secondary sources," yet  you do now show how your source contradicts what i provided, while  numerous   secondary sources state such things as,

 * Baha’u’llah received, as attested by Him in His Epistle to the Son of the Wolf, the first intimations of His station as the Supreme Manifestation of God—He whose appearance have been foretold by the Prophets of old in such terms as ‘the reincarnation of Krishna,’ the ‘fifth Buddha,’ the ‘Shah Bahram,’ the ‘Lord of Hosts,’ the Christ returned ‘in the glory of the Father,’ the ‘Spirit of God,’ and by the Bab as ‘Him Whom God shall make manifest.’ – Adib Taherzadeh, The Revelation of Baha’u’llah, Volume 1, p. 10.

 * One is astonished at contemplating Baha’u’llah’s station as the Supreme Manifestation of God, for an overarching cycle of divine revelation due to last no less than half a million years....Until the coming of Bahá’u’lláh, no Manifestation of God in history produced in His own hand any explicit document creating His Covenant, thereby conferring supreme authority upon an individual or institution upon His passing. This distinction alone is sufficient to set apart the Bahá’í Revelation from all of its predecessors." (Segment 10 – Bahá’u’lláh: The Supreme Manifestation – by Dana Paxson)

 * The succession of the gift of prophecy was not passed on beyond Baha'u'llah, who, with Bab, occupies a position more unique than that occupied by those who followed them. This is stated clearly in a quotation from Abdu'l-Baha.: "...His Holiness, the Abha Beauty (may my life be a sacrifice for His steadfast friends), is the Supreme Manifestation of God and the Day-spring of His Most Divine Essence. All others are servants unto Him and do His bidding."—Baha'u'llah and the New Era, p. 87. (Bahaism, World Faith Maybelle Vandermark. Instructor in Religion, Washington Missionary College)

 * Who is Bahá'u'lláh, the Supreme Manifestation of God, “the royal Falcon on the arm of the Almighty,” the Voice in the Burning Bush, the “most precious Being ever to have drawn breath on this planet”? (K. Dean Stephens, BAHÁ'Í MYSTERIES)

 * And or,
 * The Báb was acclaimed by Bahá’u’lláh to be the One “from Whom God hath caused to proceed the knowledge of all that was and shall be,” Whose “rank excelleth that of all the Prophets."

 * Where in your source are these statements truly contradicted?

title: Talk:Baháʼí Faith/Archive 19


text:
יותר

Adverb

 * 1) More.

Usage notes

 * In Modern Hebrew, when יותר modifies a definite adjective, the attaches to it, rather than to the adjective itself.
 * יותר is typically used in connection with the preposition (with a simple noun or pronoun) or the conjunction  (with an infinitive, prepositional phrase, or clause). These serve the same role in Hebrew that  serves in English.

Determiner

 * 1) More.

Usage notes

 * Like English, יותר may be used with a noun, or the noun may be left implied; in either case, any adjectives or verbs agree with the noun in gender and number. יותר itself has only one form, regardless of gender and number.
 * יותר is typically used in connection with the preposition (with a simple noun or pronoun) or the conjunction  (with an infinitive, prepositional phrase, or clause). These serve the same role in Hebrew that  serves in English.
 * When both a noun and a or  clause are explicitly included, יותר itself may be dropped; in this regard it differs significantly from English.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: יותר


text:
Polish/Feminine noun declension

< Hard and soft consonants < ^ Polish ^ > Masculine noun declension >

= Feminine noun declension =

The declension of nouns in Polish is less regular than of adjectives, but follows a pattern that is in many ways similar to adjective declension.

Let's take a look at a few typical feminine declension nouns in singular and are equal to nominative in plural): As you can see it's quite regular. Possible changes are:

 * softening of final consonant group in the singular dative and locative (which have the same form)
 * change of "o" to "ó" (pronounced /u/) in the plural genitive
 * insertion of "e" between the two final consonants in the plural genitive. You may think of this "e" as a kind of aid to pronunciation. "mrówk" would be pretty hard to say without this "e". The Polish language allows quite complicated consonant groups at the beginning of a syllable, but it tries to avoid complex syllable endings.

These changes aren't specific to the feminine noun declension - they happen throughout the Polish language, so you'd better get used to them.

A bit less typical are feminine nouns that end in "-ia":

Notice that in the genitive and the accusative the pronunciation is the same in the singular and plural. This is not usual in Polish, and may cause some problems if number is not obvious from context. One solution is to overemphasise difference between "e" and "ę" in speech (which are usually pronounced the same at word endings). A better solution is to use some adjective or pronoun, for example:
 * "tej komedii" (singular genitive, of this comedy)
 * "tych komedii" (plural genitive, of these comedies)
 * "tę komedię" (singular accusative, this comedy)
 * "te komedie" (plural accusative, these comedies)

And abstract feminine nouns ending in "-ść" (note vocative forms): There is some magic here with "ść" changing to "śc" but it's only spelling. You never write the softened version of a consonant before a vowel - you change it to the "normal" version and add "i" to mark it as "soft". You don't have to add "i" if it's already there.

Without this magic endings would look like:

Let's try to use that knowledge in practice.
 * Agnieszka myśli o miłości - Agnieszka thinks about love (love in locative)
 * Agnieszka nie myśli o miłości - Agnieszka doesn't think about love (as above)
 * Dziewczyny lubią komedie - The girls like comedies (comedies in accusative)
 * Kobieta pije kawę - The woman is drinking coffee. (coffee in accusative)
 * Dziewczyna nie pije kawy - The girl doesn't drink coffee (coffee in genitive)
 * Basia nie widzi krów - Basia doesn't see cows (cows in genitive)
 * Marta nie lubi mrówek - Marta doesn't like ants (ants in genitive)

 * myśli - third person singular form of "to think"
 * lubi - third person singular form of "to like"
 * lubią - third person plural form of "to like"

< Hard and soft consonants < ^ Polish ^ > Masculine noun declension >

title: Polish/Feminine noun declension


text:
Admission to legal practice in Spain

The admission to legal practice in Spain is the legal prerequisites that must be followed in Spain for the admission to practice law, for receiving a license to practice law.

In Spain, in order for lawyers to practice law they must be in possession of the Lawyer's Professional Title (lawyer's license) and they must be joined to a bar association of Spain (any of the 83 bar associations of Spain). In Spain it is compulsory (legally mandatory) to be joined to a bar association (it could be any of all Spain). In total there are 6 years of training in order to practice law.

In order to practice law (and to get the lawyer's license), the following requirements are necessary (legally mandatory): a bachelor's degree in Law (4 years), a master's degree in Law and Legal Practice (2 years), a legal internship (6 months, within those two years) and passing the All Spain Bar Examination (convened annually by the Government of Spain). Once the bar examination has been passed, the Minister of Justice issues the Lawyer's Professional Title (lawyer's license). Finally, with the lawyer's title, one can join any bar association and practice law.

In Spain, in total there are 6 years of training in order to practice law. The current system was created by the Law 34/2006 and the Royal Decree 775/2011, of 3 June. The first time the All Spain Bar Examination was convened (the new system) was in 2014 by virtue of the Royal Decree 150/2014, of March 7.

The current system had a gradual implementation (from 2006 to 2014). In 2006 the Law that established the new access was approved, in 2011 the complementary application regulations were approved and finally in 2014 it was fully implemented with additional rules of execution.

Background
Until 2011, a person could gain access to the legal profession and become a lawyer just with the Licenciate Degree in Law (Licenciatura en Derecho), not to be confused with the current bachelor's degree (Bolonia). It was possible for new graduates to just join any Bar Association and practice law.

This situation however, involved an imbalance in the system of accessing the legal profession between countries because there were countries where you could practice law directly with only a law degree (Spain), while in others, a postgraduate degree was required, and in others, a postgraduate degree and state examination. This imbalanced situation brought many foreign citizens, in whose countries postgraduate and state examination was required, to Spain and through this legal loophole they acceded to legal practice without postgraduate or state examination.

However, with the entry into the European Union, which sought political and economic integration, the Bologna Process arrived and unified ways of accessing legal practice in European countries. To this we must also add the complaints of the legal profession in Spain (many lawyers put pressure on the government). For all this, the access system was changed.

The EU's Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications aimed to unite all legal practice systems.

Current system
Spain reformed the accessing the legal profession with the Law 34/2006, of 30 October, on Admission to legal practice. Later to apply and develop this Law, the Government of Spain passed the Royal Decree 775/2011, of 3 June, which approves the application regulations for the Law 34/2006.

In 2014 the Government of Spain passed the Royal Decree 150/2014, of March 7, which approves the additional rules of execution and application of the Law 34/2006.

In order to obtain the Lawyer's Professional Title, it is now necessary to have the following (in total, six years):

Those six years of training are basic training to be a lawyer. After that, lawyers who want to specialize in a certain law must take an LLM (civil, commercial, criminal...).
 * Bachelor's Degree in Law
 * Master's Degree in Legal Practice
 * Legal Internship
 * Bar Examination

Bachelor's degree in Law
The Bachelor's Degree in Law (in Spain) is the academic degree conferred on those who have successfully completed a law study process at a university or institution of higher studies. Not to be confused with the (old) licenciate degree in law.

It is important to differentiate between two types of degrees in law (licenciate/bachelor's): the one previous to the Bologna Process and the later one. The one previous to the Bologna Process (licenciate degree in law) was composed of 5 years (it itself included the specialization and there was no legal internship). The current one consists of 4 years (bachelor's degree).

Master's degree in Legal Practice
The master's degree in Legal Practice is a postgraduate academic degree, pursued by those holding a Bachelor's Degree in Law and it is the basic professional degree for admission into legal practice. It is a type or a subclass of a Master of Laws, but they should not be confused, they are not the same. This is a compulsory master's degree for admission to legal practice. It is not for specialization, it is for becoming a lawyer. After that, lawyers who want to specialize must take an LLM.

In Spain this master has different names according to the university that offers it, including: Master's Degree in Access to the Legal Profession, Master's Degree in Access to Law, Master's Degree in Legal Practice, Master's Degree in Advocacy...   It does not have a unified official name, but the content is the same. For example, Garrigues (law firm) together with University of Nebrija offers it and it is called "Master's Degree in Legal Practice".

The master's degree in legal practice is made up of one or two years depending on the university that offers it and consists of 90 ECTS credits.

This master's degree it is not for specialization, it is for becoming a lawyer and for that reason sometimes it is offered together with a LLM, in a double máster's degree program (master's degree in legal practice + LLM of specialization).

Legal internship
As to the legal internship, according to article 17 of the Royal Decree 775/2011, of 3 June, which approves the rules set by the LAC, it will involve a minimum of 30 ECTS credits, which means a minimum of 750 hours (6 months).

Bar Examination
The (general) Bar Examination is a State compulsory examination for the entire national territory (unified exam). It is convened annually and administered by the Government of Spain.

According to article 17 of the Royal Decree 775/2011, of 3 June, the exam is written and consists of two parts that are done on the same day. The first exercise consists of an objective test of multiple answers and the second exercise of the evaluation will consist of solving a practical case previously chosen by the applicant among several alternatives.

The evaluation test has a total duration of 4 hours and consists of:

 * 50 questions on «Common subjects in the practice of the legal profession».
 * 25 questions on «Specific subjects» according to the legal specialty (civil and commercial, criminal, administrative and labor)
 * In addition, the questionnaire includes six reservation questions for the section «Common subjects exercising the legal profession» and two for each legal specialty of the section «Specific subjects».

The result of the State Test is pass or fail.

Lawyer's Professional Title
The Lawyer's Professional Title is the professional license in Spain to practice law, which allows legal practice in Spain and the EU. It was created in 2006 by the Law 34/2006. Until this law came into force, the "title" or "license" of Lawyer did not exist as such in Spain.

Once you have passed the State Examination for Access to the Legal Profession, the Ministry of Justice of the Spanish Government gives you the Lawyer's Professional Title and with it you can join a Bar Association and practice law.

"Article 1. Object and purpose of the law.

1. Esta ley tiene por objeto regular las condiciones de obtención del título profesional de abogado y el título profesional de procurador de los tribunales, como colaboradores en el ejercicio del derecho fundamental a la tutela judicial efectiva, con el fin de garantizar el acceso de los ciudadanos a un asesoramiento, defensa jurídica y representación técnica de calidad.

2. La obtención del título profesional de abogado en la forma determinada por esta ley es necesaria para el desempeño de la asistencia letrada en aquellos procesos judiciales y extrajudiciales en los que la normativa vigente imponga o faculte la intervención de abogado, y, en todo caso, para prestar asistencia letrada o asesoramiento en Derecho utilizando la denominación de abogado; todo ello sin perjuicio del cumplimiento de cualesquiera otros requisitos exigidos por la normativa vigente para el ejercicio de la abogacía.

4. La obtención de los títulos profesionales de abogado o procurador será requisito imprescindible para la colegiación en los correspondientes colegios profesionales."

In this way, the aforementioned Law created this professional title that before 2006 did not exist in Spain as such, and it established that it is the basic requirement to be able to join a Bar Association and practice law.

Joining a Bar Association
In Spain it is mandatory to join a Bar Association to practice law and the requirement to join a Bar Association is to be in possession of the Lawyer's Professional Title.

The incorporation into a single Bar Association is sufficient to practice throughout the national territory, being that Bar Association the sole professional domicile or principal domicile of the lawyer.

Legal framework

 * Law 34/2006, of 30 October, on Admission to legal practice
 * Royal Decree 775/2011, of 3 June, which approves the application regulations for the Law 34/2006
 * Royal Decree 150/2014, of March 7, which approves the additional rules of execution and application of the Law 34/2006
 * Resolution of September 7, 2012, of the General Directorate of Justice, by which the Bar Examination is summoned for admission to legal practice in Spain

title: Admission to legal practice in Spain


text:
Talk:ok

What is the origin of the expression "OK" originated in the US ?

See OK not ok. SemperBlotto 11:42, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:ok


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Pillars of Game Development/Parsimony

Part of Board Game Design>Pillars of Game Development

Parsimony in Game Development
Parsimony is the concept of doing only what is necessary to achieve the desired effect. Through the process of playtesting, refining, and tightening your game design, you hopefully achieve parsimony that makes it easier to understand and enjoy the central theme and mechanics of your game.

title: Pillars of Game Development/Parsimony


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chilot

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  pair of underpants
 * 2)  underpants

Usage notes
This word can be used both as a plural-only noun, similar to English, and as a normal countable noun, meaning "a pair of underpants".

title: chilot


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Patrick Burns

Patrick Burns may refer to:

 * Patrick Burns (businessman) (1856–1937), Canadian rancher, businessman, and senator
 * Patrick Burns (paranormal investigator) (born 1968), American
 * Patrick J. Burns (c. 1845–1915), mayor of Bathurst, New Brunswick, US
 * Pat Burns (1952–2010), Canadian ice hockey coach
 * Pat Burns (broadcaster) (1921–1996), Canadian talk show host and reporter

title: Patrick Burns