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Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney

The Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney (PLC Sydney) is an independent early learning, primary and secondary school for girls, located in Croydon, an inner-western suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The school has a non-selective enrolment policy, and caters for approximately 1,500 girls from age 4 to 18, including day students and 65 boarders. Established in 1888 by the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of NSW, PLC Sydney is the oldest continuously running Presbyterian Church school in its state.

PLC Sydney offers the option of Cambridge Assessment International Education (CAIE) in Years 9 and 10 to supplement learning, in addition to the NSW Education Standards Authority courses (the HSC), as it enables students to sit examinations in globally recognised courses. From 2025, Cambridge A-Levels will be offered as an alternative to the HSC in Years 11 and 12. Students attend PLC Sydney from all regions of the greater metropolitan area, New South Wales, and overseas. The college is a founding member of the Association of Heads of Independent Girls' Schools and is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia, the Junior School Heads Association of Australia, and the Australian Boarding Schools' Association. PLC Sydney is one of two Sydney schools in the Round Square organisation. Notable alumnae include the first qualified female architect in Australia and other pioneering women in education, law, and medicine.

Foundation
In 1883 the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of NSW formed a special committee to investigate a proposal to establish boarding schools for girls and for boys, to provide Presbyterian alternatives to the proliferating number of Roman Catholic secondary schools in the colony. The Minister at Richmond, Rev James Cameron stated: "Presbyterians should take prompt action because the Popish party, seeing the want that was felt throughout the colony in regard to higher education, has stepped in to supply that want, and if Protestants did not look to the matter, the Roman Catholics would take advantage of them." The General Assembly was also inspired to establish a school, particularly a Ladies' College, by less worthy motives. Other Protestant denominations in NSW had recently established their own Ladies' Colleges, and the neighbouring colony of Victoria had maintained a Presbyterian Ladies' College since 1875, and so it was felt that NSW Presbyterians should also have one. At the 1884 Assembly the Committee announced that while a boys' school was not needed, the secondary education options available to girls were not satisfactory, and they recommended that a Ladies' College, similar to the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne, be established as soon as possible.

A Ladies' College Committee was formed and by July 1887 they had leased a property in Ashfield. For principal, they unanimously selected Dr. John Marden, a science master from the Methodist Ladies' College (MLC) in Melbourne, "because of his high academic standing, his experience and success in teaching and his high Christian character". Marden was a strong believer in equal opportunity in education, and has been described as an "early feminist". He rejected the idea that PLC was to be merely a finishing school for the daughters of the wealthy, and was once quoted as saying:

I am ... out of sympathy with the cry that education is unnecessary for girls, and that all they require is a few accomplishments. Women have also to live their life - in most cases a harder one than men have. This notion of accomplishments being sufficient for girls is surely a remnant of those barbarous days when women were looked on as the plaything of men.

The Presbyterian Ladies' College was finally opened by Marden and lady superintendent, M. McCormick, on 30 January 1888, with 39 girls. It was modelled on the great English Public Schools, and was the first school to be established by the Presbyterian Church of New South Wales. Together with the Committee, Marden was responsible for organising the curriculum and hiring the appropriate staff.

During the opening ceremony the Governor invited his wife, the Countess of Jersey, Margaret Child-Villiers, to speak. She made what the Sydney Morning Herald described as a "capital impromptu speech". The Countess' speech was widely reported throughout Australia and elsewhere around the world, as at the time it was quite unusual for a woman to speak in public. PLC's Jersey Day, an annual event in which ex-students return to the College on the Sunday closest to 10 March, is named in honour of the Countess.

Growth
In the early years at Croydon, girls tended to be enrolled at an older age, typically over fourteen. It was apparent that despite Marden's insistence, many parents viewed the college as a finishing school. As today, it was not a requirement for students to be Presbyterians, and early school records indicate there were a number of Roman Catholic and Jewish students. By 1900, the reputation of the school had spread, and pupils were starting to come from a wider geographic area, including New Caledonia, Fiji, New Zealand, the Northern Territory, Western Australia, Queensland and South Australia.

The increase in enrolments also convinced the Council of the need to set up a branch school on another site, preferably on the North Shore. In 1913, Marden reported that many applications were being refused because of "shortness of space." The Assembly approved the establishment of a branch at Pymble and gave the Council of PLC Croydon £5,000 to erect new buildings and lay out the grounds. The Presbyterian Ladies' College, Pymble was opened on 8 February 1916 with 48 day girls and 86 boarders. Marden became the principal of both schools. The opening of the Pymble campus necessitated a change of name for the Croydon College, from The Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney to The Presbyterian Ladies' College, Croydon.

Marden retired at the end of 1919 and a principal was appointed to each branch. Dr E. Neil McQueen, a prominent educational innovator who had previously been the Vice-Principal of the two schools, became the second Principal of PLC Croydon.

In 1918, the school magazine Aurora Australis was first published. On the cover, it bore a quotation from Thomas Carlyle: '. . . here hath been dawning another blue day. Think wilt thou let it slip useless away.'

Second World War
In 1941, both the Principal Mary Hamilton, and the Senior Mistress (novelist, critic and historian) Flora Eldershaw, left the school to fill wartime positions in the bureaucracy. In 1942, the new principal, Dr Helen Wilkie, arrived to find falling enrolments, staffing problems and food shortages due to the effects of the Second World War. Word was soon received that Australian military authorities wished to inspect the school with a view to taking it over. On 24 March 1942, it was requested that PLC be occupied by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) for the purpose of establishing a top secret Radar Unit and military barracks known as No.1 RIMU (Radio Installation and Maintenance Unit). In order to accommodate PLC's students and classes, the Council approached Meriden School in Strathfield. Meriden agreed to house the boarders and the singing, domestic science, and physical education classes. PLC also purchased Lingwood, a property in Strathfield, as a centre for the school's remaining activities.

At the end of 1942, the Meriden authorities indicated that they could no longer house the PLC boarders, so Lauriston, Strathfield, on The Boulevarde, and Welbeck, at 18 Margaret Street, were rented for them. In July 1944 the Council agreed to purchase Lingwood, at 16 Margaret Street, to house a Kindergarten feeder school for the college, or as a site for a permanent move. A few months later the Council decided that the future of PLC lay in Strathfield. The Croydon campus was offered to the military for £36,500 and plans were made to purchase Welbeck and Lauriston to form the new PLC.

The Council's preference for Strathfield as a permanent location for the school was not shared by most of the school community, and after an intervention by the Education Trust of the NSW General Assembly it was decided that PLC would reopen once again at Croydon in first term 1946. The military agreed to pay for the extensive renovations that were required, with the final cheque handed over by the government on 21 March 1949. Lauriston and Welbeck were disposed of in 1946, but the Lingwood property was retained as a preparatory school. The Council negotiated with Margaret Thompson, the owner and principal of Branxton, a private school in Strathfield, about moving her school to the Lingwood property, where it would retain the name Branxton and come under the control of the PLC Council.

Evidence of PLC's wartime occupation remain, with tunnels and bomb shelters accessible from below the stage of College Hall. A plaque presented to the school by the RAAF, in commemoration of PLC's wartime involvement, can be found on the school verandah at the entrance to the Main School.

Postwar
Freda Whitlam, sister of Prime Minister Gough Whitlam was principal between 1958 and 1976. It was a period of great social transition. In 1968 Miss Whitlam wrote: 'Ours is a world where each year we become more conscious of how quickly and radically our environment is changing. Technology is taking the drudgery out of our lives and opening up exciting opportunities for those who have a good general education and are willing to think positively and creatively. Here we help the girls with this aim in view.' In 1970, after Bill McLeod spoke to some of the seniors and advised those intending to become a nurse or a teacher to learn Greek or Italian (to aid communication with immigrants), Miss Whitlam took up the suggestion: 'We have people with time to do something after the exams at the end of each year – let's organise Greek classes for them'. In March 1972 the school also produced a newsletter ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ ΝΕΑ providing background on Greek culture and language and a bibliography of relevant books in the school library.

In 1977, a Union of the Congregational, Methodist and Presbyterian Churches took place, forming the Uniting Church in Australia. Approximately one third of the Presbyterian Church decided to remain Presbyterian, and consequently the property of the Church had to be divided. In May of that year it was announced that PLC Croydon was to remain Presbyterian and PLC Pymble would be transferred, with its name changed to Pymble Ladies' College. Then in 1978 it was decided that PLC Croydon should return to its original name: The Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney. Freda Whitlam took part in the movement to form the Uniting Church and thus ended her principalship of the school. She was moderator of the New South Wales Synod of the Uniting Church in Australia (1985–1986).

In late August 2005, due to financial troubles at the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Armidale, it was announced that PLC Armidale and PLC Sydney would join to form an alliance, with both schools coming under the executive leadership of Dr William McKeith, the Principal of PLC Sydney. Members of the PLC Armidale Council formed part of the new joint school Council, essentially making the two PLC's true sister schools.

The aim of this alliance is to strengthen PLC Armidale through cooperative marketing, a change in management, and a stronger financial base. It is also meant to benefit both schools by providing student exchanges, accommodations for sporting events or excursions, and an additional "country or city" option to prospective students. Both schools will maintain their separate identities in order to preserve the unique histories and traditions that both have developed over many years. PLC celebrated their 120th anniversary in 2008 and to mark the occasion the college commissioned a limited edition commemorative coffee table book, PLC Sydney 1888–2008: A Photographic Essay.

Principals
The following individuals have served as Principal of PLC Sydney:

Campus
The Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney, initially opened on 30 January 1888, at Fernlea, a 14-room gentleman's residence set on 1.21 ha in Ashfield. But by August they had already outgrown this location, so they purchased Shubra Hall, the home of department store owner Anthony Hordern III at Croydon, for £7,500. Plans were drawn up for the additional buildings required, and Marden worked closely with the architect, Albert Bond. Marden was responsible for most of the ideas for the new buildings, based on those he had seen at MLC Melbourne. Keenly interested in horticulture, he also laid out gardens and playing fields. By the beginning of the 1891 school year, the new site was complete and ready for furnishing as the permanent home of PLC.

The Presbyterian reported the opening of the College on 10 March 1891, by the Governor of NSW, the Rt Hon Victor Albert George, 7th Earl of Jersey at its new site: Standing in 2.43 ha of ground, laid out in lawn tennis courts, gardens, etc., in an elevated position, it forms, with its tower 84 ft [26 m] high, a very conspicuous feature in the landscape. The central feature of the building is the tower, and the architectural design of the facade is classic. Altogether the effect is very imposing ... The main staircase window is a work of art well worth seeing. The central window is beautifully designed, and contains two female figures representing Literature and Music.

By 1902 PLC was running out of space again and Marden urged that new classrooms be built. The Council reluctantly agreed and an extension was made to the Main School, with six classrooms downstairs and 18 rooms upstairs. The addition was completed on 6 October 1904, at a cost of £2,000.

On 24 March 1942, it was requested that PLC be occupied by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) for the purpose of establishing a top secret Radar Unit and military barracks known as No.1 RIMU (Radio Installation and Maintenance Unit). PLC's displaced boarders, and some of the classrooms, found a temporary home at Meriden School in Strathfield. The school purchased Lingwood, also in Strathfield, as a centre for the school's remaining activities.

At the end of 1942, the Meriden authorities indicated that they could no longer house the PLC boarders, so Lauriston (now the primary school of Santa Sabina College) and Welbeck, on The Boulevarde at Strathfield, were rented for them. The PLC Council nearly kept the school at Strathfield permanently, but ultimately it was decided that PLC would reopen once again at Croydon in first term 1946. The military agreed to pay for the extensive renovations that were required, Lauriston and Welbeck were disposed of in 1946, and the Lingwood property was retained as a preparatory school. Evidence of PLC's wartime occupation remain, with tunnels and bomb shelters accessible from below the stage of College Hall. A plaque presented to the school by the RAAF, in commemoration of PLC's wartime involvement, can be found on the school verandah at the entrance to the Main School.

The Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney still sits on a 5 ha campus, now adjacent to Croydon Railway Station and within 15 minutes of the Sydney central business district, Sydney University, and the University of Technology. Having grown significantly since its foundation, particularly since the 1980s, the school today features a mix of 19th-century and modern buildings, historic landscaped gardens and playing fields.

 * The Amphitheatre is an outdoor space for school performances and classes, built as part of the Science Courtyard redevelopment in 1997. It incorporates the Year 12 common room and its outdoor facilities.
 * Arlington is a Victorian mansion accommodating the Principal and his family. Arlington was built in 1863 and purchased by PLC in 2003.
 * The Boarding School was opened in 1890, and is located on the top floor of the Main School. It provides a modern boarding environment for 65 students, with Years 6 to 9 housed in Mance corridor in rooms containing 3 to 6 girls, 10 and 11 in Taylor corridor in twin rooms, and Year 12 in McKenzie corridor with private rooms.
 * The Boat Shed is a leased facility for rowing, located at the Drummoyne Rowing Club in the nearby suburb of Drummoyne. PLC began its rowing programme here in 1994.
 * College Hall is the original school hall. Opened in 1890, it is now used for chapel services, social events and school meetings.
 * The Croydon is a Creative Arts Centre featuring drawing, paint, ceramic, food technology, woodworking, textiles, photography and print studios, together with computing facilities and The Adelaide Perry Gallery, an art gallery with regular exhibitions open to the school and community. Formerly the Croydon Hotel, the facility was purchased in 1997 and opened after conversions in 2000.
 * Drummond Field is a large sporting field suitable for activities like hockey, athletics and soccer. It was opened in 1989 after the purchase of property and land between the school and the railway line, and sections of Grosvenor, Meta and Elizabeth Streets.
 * Evandale is the prep-school housing girls from Reception to Year 2. Purchased in 1992 and opened 1993, it is situated across the road from the main campus and was formerly The Evandale School, a private school for primary aged students with disabilities.
 * The Freda Whitlam School of Science is a three storey building housing science facilities, opened in 1997 by notable former Principal, Freda Whitlam.

 * The Junior School houses classrooms for Years 4 to 6 and an assembly space named Hamilton Hall. The current buildings were built in 1963 on the site of the defunct boys' private school, Rugby House. This site was purchased in 1906, used as the Principal's residence until 1942, then as housing for staff and boarders until 1962.
 * The Lindley Evans Music Centre features private music tuition rooms, music composition labs and classrooms. Opened in 1989, the centre is due for redevelopment following the opening of the new Performing Arts Centre.
 * Macindoe Library was opened in 1992 on what was formerly Meta Street. It is the College's main library, with separate floors for Junior and Senior School students.
 * Main School was the first extension to Shubra Hall, opening in 1890, and currently houses the boarders' dining room, cafeteria, classrooms, College Hall and the Bursar's office. It is an L-shaped, National Trust-listed building designed by the Sydney Town Hall architect, Albert Bond, and is notable for its large stained glass window and 84 ft tall tower.
 * The Marden Memorial Library was designed and built by the Ex-Students' Union as a memorial to former Principal, Dr. John Marden. Opened in 1927, it is no longer used as a library due to its small size, instead providing a venue for band practice and archival displays.
 * The Performing Arts Centre includes the 550-seat Audrey Keown Theatre with orchestra pit, three music rehearsal rooms, three music classrooms, a computer composition laboratory, twelve music tutorial rooms, and a recording studio. The centre incorporates Harmsworth, the former Principal's residence, and was opened in 2006.
 * Shubra Hall was originally the home of retailer Anthony Hordern III and his family. Built by the Hordern family in 1869, the property was purchased by PLC in 1889, and opened, with additions, in 1890. It is the College's oldest original building. Previously a residence for the College Principal, it is now used as the main executive administration area.
 * The Stables were built in 1869 and were originally used as the College stables and loft. Today the building houses the College reception, school shop and archives.
 * Thompson Hall was opened in 1987, and is a multi-purpose hall featuring a sprung floor gymnasium, foam pit, and a weights and conditioning centre.
 * The West Wing was opened in 1904 as an extension to the Main School. The building houses classrooms and Year 12 boarding students.

Curriculum
The Presbyterian Ladies' College is a comprehensive school with a traditional academic approach designed to prepare students for attending a university. The school is registered and accredited with the New South Wales Education Standards Authority, and therefore follows the mandated curriculum for all years.

Primary
Students in stages 1 to 3 (Kindergarten to Year 6) study the six Key Learning Areas: English, Mathematics, History/Geography, Science and Technology, Creative Arts, Personal Development, Health and Physical Education (PD/H/PE). The youngest students also follow the Reggio Emilia approach to education. Specialist extension courses are offered to select students from Year 2 to 6 with gifts and talents in special areas (SPEC).

Secondary
Subjects offered to stage 4 students (Years 7 and 8) include: English, Mathematics, Science, Geography, History, French, Mandarin, Latin, Japanese, German, Italian, Design and Technology, Visual Arts, Music, PDHPE, Computing and Religious Education. The "Excelsior class" is an enrichment programme offered to gifted students in this stage and includes additional classes such as Philosophy and Olympiad activities.

In stage 5 (Years 9 and 10), students are prepared for the School Certificate and study a programme that comprises two elective classes and Religious Education, as well as the courses mandated by the Board of Studies. The compulsory core subjects are: English, Mathematics, Science, Australian History and Geography, and PDHPE. Electives are chosen from: Elective History, Elective Geography, French, German, Mandarin, Latin, Japanese, Italian, Commerce, Drama, Design and Technology, Textiles and Design, Music, Visual Arts, and Physical Activity and Sports Science. In Year 10, the Excelsior class begins its study of the 1–Unit Higher School Certificate (HSC) course in Studies of Religion.

In the final school stage (Years 11 and 12) students are prepared for the New South Wales HSC. The curriculum at this stage has a clear university orientation. The Board of Studies requires stage 6 students to study a minimum of 12 units in the Preliminary Year and 10 units in their HSC Year (most subjects being worth 2 units). HSC English is compulsory; Standard and Advanced Extension courses, as well as 2-unit English as a Second Language are also offered. Students may then choose from all levels of Mathematics, Senior Science, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Modern History, Ancient History, Business Studies, Economics, Geography, Legal studies, French, German, Latin, Japanese, Italian, Indonesian (Beginners), Mandarin, Design and Technology, Textiles and Design, Food Technology, Visual Arts, Music (Course 1 and 2), Drama and PDHPE.

University entry levels are high following the completion of stage 6. Each year approximately 50% of graduating PLC students receive a Universities Admission Index (UAI) higher than 90. In the 2006 Higher School Certificate, a PLC student received a perfect UAI score of 100, and in 2007 The Daily Telegraph named PLC the best-performing independent school in Sydney's inner–west.

Special education
PLC also offers a unique special education unit catering to students with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. The transition programme was developed in 1992 in response to a decision by academic staff to provide a special-needs stream. Through this unit, up to 20 girls between the ages of 11 and 18 are provided with an individual curriculum incorporating mainstream classes where possible.

Senior students focus on the NESA Life Skills programme. Girls spend time as residential students in the on-campus Transition House, learning to manage their lives independently. Transition students also run an outdoor café to gain small business skills.

Sport
PLC Sydney is arguably one of Australia's best girls' sporting schools. The college has been a member of the Independent Girls' Schools Sporting Association (IGSSA) since its foundation in 1922, and through this association senior students compete against 27 other girls' schools in graded weekend sports and carnivals. Sports available to students through IGSSA include swimming, diving, rowing, cross country, athletics, gymnastics, softball, tennis, basketball, soccer, Field hockey, netball, cricket and water polo. The college also offers sports such as skiing, snowboarding, equestrian and badminton through other competitions. In 2007 PLC won three IGSSA carnival premierships: in diving (for the ninth consecutive year), swimming, and gymnastics.

Primary school girls have the opportunity to participate in interschool sports through PLC's membership in the New South Wales branch of the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA). Students with special sporting talent are provided a pathway to compete at the highest level available at PLC, IGSSA/JSHAA, Combined Independent Schools, state representation at School Sport Australia, and Commonwealth and Olympic level.

In September 2007, the college broke the under-19 female Australian record for 24-hour non-stop rowing, with a distance of 337 km. Also in 2007, PLC was named the New South Wales School Snowsports Club of the Year by the NSW Snowsports Association, later winning the national award at the 2007 Ski and Snowboard Australia Awards.

The 2008 rowing season has been one of the school's best to date. In March, the PLC 1st Eight crew won the Schoolgirl Eight race at the IGSSA regatta for the first time in the school's history. This crew was also successful at the 2008 Australian Rowing Championships, winning the A Final of the Schoolgirls Eight race (the Sydney Cup), ahead of St Catherine's School, Toorak and Pymble Ladies' College, thus ranking them as the best schoolgirl eight in Australia.

Ensembles
Junior and Senior School students can participate in musical ensembles, both selective and non-selective, including several bands, string orchestras, a full school orchestra, chamber music ensembles, choral groups and several smaller instrumental and vocal groups.

Debating and public speaking
One of the strengths of PLC Sydney is their long history of achievement in debating and public speaking. The college has competed in the Independent Schools Debating Association (ISDA) for the past five years and has had a long-standing commitment to the Archdale Debating Competition. PLC students have had success at the semi-final level, and they won the competition in 2006 and 2017.

PLC Sydney enters teams in the Junior and Senior sections of the Association of Heads of Independent Girls' Schools (AHIGS) Festival of Speech, producing the best results of any AHIGS school over the history of the competition, with 10 consecutive wins in the competition's 12-year history.

Students may also participate in the Macquarie Cup and the Commonwealth Bank Senior Debating, vying with students from a range of public, Catholic and independent schools. There are also Social Debates with surrounding schools as well as a regular competition with Trinity Grammar School called the PLC/Trinity Challenge.

Aid projects
The PLC Overseas Aid Fund has been established to enhance the college's work with aid projects in developing countries, and is an important part of the school's Round Square membership. Current projects undertaken by the school include the establishment and on-going management of two Kindergartens in East Timor, the management and support of Birla Children's Orphanage in Vietnam, and the establishment of the "Adopt a School" programme. This programme was developed and is directed by the principal, Dr McKeith, and matches schools in Australia with schools in Sri Lanka requiring rebuilding following the 2004 Tsunami. PLC's school, allocated through this programme, is the Senehasa Counselling, Training and Rehabilitation Centre for Girls.

Motto and crest
The school crest was adopted at a College Council meeting on 23 August 1888. The College Council decided to use the same crest as that used by the Presbyterian Church of New South Wales, with minor modifications.

The Church's crest consisted of a shield with the words Nec Tamen Consumebatur (translated from Latin as "And yet it was not consumed") surrounding it. On the shield were the stars of the Southern Cross, a burning bush, and a Latin cross in outline. At the base were the floral emblems of Scotland, England and Ireland. Surrounding the shield was a border with the words "Presbyterian Church of New South Wales", with a Star of David placed on top. Behind both shield and borders was the cross of St. Andrew in blue.

The school modified this crest by changing the words "Presbyterian Church of New South Wales" to "Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney", placing a Maltese cross at the top of the shield and inserting the School motto Sancte Sapienter. The motto had been adopted by the school on 23 August 1888, and although no translation was given of the Latin, it may be loosely translated to "be holy wisely" or "holy, wisely."

School badge
The school's symbolic badge was inspired by the first principal, Dr. Marden, and designed in 1888 by the first art teacher, J.A. Bennett. The maiden on the lion represents Knowledge, which is crowned by a tower representing the home, and holding a trident representing Sovereignty. A laurel wreath represents the victory of true womanhood, while the sun symbolises light and energy, and the crescent moon stands for youth. The words "Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney" surround the badge.

The motto All'ultimo lavoro is Italian and comes from Dante's Commedia (Paradiso I, 13). It has variously been translated as "for the crowning task", "strive for the highest", "the utmost for the highest", or "I work for the highest", with the first of these being the most direct translation.

The badge is reproduced in the leadlight over the front door of Shubra Hall, and may also be found on the recently opened Ex-Students' pathway. It was traditionally worn as part of the uniform on the Tam o' Shanter, until it was phased out in 1995. The badge is currently not worn on the academic uniform, partially due to its adoption by Pymble Ladies' College as their school crest in 1977. It was, however, reintroduced in 2003 as an addition to the Beret of the PLC Pipes and Drums uniform, and is also used by the college's Ex-students' Union, as it has been since 1905, with the addition of the words "Ex-students' Union" below.

Uniform
When the college first opened in 1888 there was no uniform, instead the girls wore long cotton dresses, gloves and hat. A straw boater was introduced in the early 20th century, worn with a red and white hat band featuring the college crest with its burning bush woven into it in red. During this time Prefects wore red silk arm-bands embroidered with a gold crest.

The distinctive Black Watch Tartan of the college was introduced in 1908. Senior girls wore heavy box-pleated skirts and white blouses; junior girls wore pinafore dresses. All girls wore a navy blazer and heavy woollen stockings. Prefects also wore a special hat badge with a ring of bright blue enamel. A black felt Breton was introduced for winter use, and no change was made until the introduction of the green beret in 1952.

The current uniform for Year 11 and 12 was introduced in 1966. It was designed by the senior students of 1965 and consists of a Black Watch kilt, white blouse, green blazer, green jumper or vest, black stockings for winter and bottle green knee-high socks for summer, and black leather lace-up shoes. Girls of Scottish origin are permitted wear the kilt pin representing their family or clan name, rather than the standard school pin. A green and Black Watch Tam o' Shanter (known as 'the Beret') was also introduced for all grades a few years earlier.

The girls found the school's distinctive Beret difficult to wear, so it was phased out in 1995. It was replaced by the current Panama hat, but the Beret was reintroduced in 2003 as an addition to the Pipes and Drums uniform.

The current junior (R–10) uniform was introduced in 1997. In summer, girls wear a Black Watch tunic, short-sleeve white blouse, green blazer with tartan piping, short green socks and black leather shoes. The winter uniform consists of the tunic, long-sleeve white blouse, the blazer, green jumper or vest, Black Watch Tartan tie, Black Watch Tartan scarf and either green knee-high socks or black stockings. School pockets are awarded for student achievements, and are embroidered in red on the pockets of junior blazers (R–10 girls), and white on the left breast of senior blazers (11–12 girls).

College tartan
The school has adopted the Black Watch tartan of the Royal Highland Regiment as its school and Pipes and Drums uniform. PLC was granted permission to wear the tartan after its brother school, The Scots College, was issued a royal decree allowing them to use Black Watch as their Pipes & Drums and Cadets uniform. The Black Watch is the oldest of the highland regiments. The 1958 Aurora Australis (the school yearbook) explained the tartan's origin: "This tartan was specially designed for the regiment to prevent the jealousy which would have been aroused, if any existing clan tartan had been used."

House system
The house system was established by Dr. John Marden, shortly after the opening of the school, with three houses: East, West and Boarders. In 1924 the senior houses were reorganised and renamed Kinross, Harper and Ferguson (with Anderson added in 1968), followed in 1926 by the introduction of junior houses, named Vicars and McQueen (with Thompson added in 1937). The school moved to four houses in 1979, from primary to secondary, and thus the junior houses disappeared. Finally, two new houses named Pickard and Wilkie were introduced in 1995. The Houses are named after women and men who have made a significant contribution to the life of the college.

Anderson Mrs E.O. Anderson attended PLC from 1898 to 1902. She was an original member of the Committee of the Ex-Students' Union in 1906, then President (1927–1932), and Patroness from 1936. In 1932 she petitioned the Assembly for the appointment of women to the PLC Council. Anderson was a member of the Council (1932–1958), and a benefactor to the college all her life.

Ferguson Rev John Ferguson was a minister of St Stephen's Church, Sydney, and in 1917, Acting Principal of St Andrew's College at the University of Sydney. He was appointed Senior Chaplain and Chairman of the PLC Council in 1913, serving until 1923.

Harper Andrew Harper was the third Principal of PLC Melbourne (1879–1888). He then lectured at Ormond Theological College, Melbourne before coming to Sydney, where he was Principal of St Andrew's College (1902–1923). He was Chairman of the PLC Council from 1907 until 1913.

Kinross John Kinross was a Presbyterian minister at Kiama (1858–1875). He then became Principal of St Andrew's College from 1875 until 1901, and Chairman of the PLC Council from 1888 until 1906.

Pickard Marion Pickard was appointed to the college as a teaching governess in June 1888. She was Lady Superintendent from 1894 until her resignation in 1907. In 1905 Pickard was elected the first President of the Ex-Students' Union.

Wilkie Dr Helen Wilkie was the second Headmistress at PLC Armidale (1938–1941), and then the fourth Principal of PLC Sydney (1942–1946). On her appointment to Croydon she was immediately confronted with the takeover by the RAAF, and organised the move of the College to Strathfield.

Ex-Students' Union
The Ex-Students' Union is the school's alumnae association, inaugurated on 9 December 1905. At the invitation of Dr. Marden several former students discussed the proposal, elected Marion Pickard (who was at that time Lady Superintendent) as their President, and formed a committee to produce a constitution. These actions were confirmed at a General Meeting on Jersey Day 1906, and the committee took office until 1907. In the beginning, the main objectives of the Union were "the accumulation of a special fund to be devoted to the erection of a chapel and library at the College, and an Ex-Students' prize to be awarded annually to the girl most proficient in work and sport."

The Union achieved much in its first few years: renting a building in the CBD to serve as a club and committee meeting place, making garments for hospitals, visiting kindergartens, the YWCA, Home of Peace, Infants' Home and the Royal Institute for Deaf and Blind Children. An Ex-Students' Orchestra and Dramatic Club were formed, and tennis and croquet matches were held between current and former pupils. In 1916 the Pymble College was opened and its first Ex-Students' Union expressed an interest in joining that of PLC. Subsequently, a combined Union was formed, known as the PLC Croydon and Pymble Ex-Students' Union, and an Ex-Students' prize was established at Pymble on the same conditions as at Croydon.

One of the Union's most significant contributions to the school was planned following the death of Dr. Marden in 1924. With the desire to provide Marden with a "fitting and lasting memorial", it was decided that a library, to be called the John Marden Memorial Library, should be built at the Croydon College. This building was opened by Mrs. Marden in 1927 and although no longer suitable as a library due its size, it remains a treasured part of the school.

In 1929, it was proposed that "Pymble students should form a separate Union" and that an equitable division of Union funds should be undertaken. This explains the two separate groups that exist today, however, it is still not uncommon for Pymble students to attend Croydon reunions and events, particularly regional or interstate activities.

Notable alumnae
Alumnae of the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney are commonly referred to as PLC Old Girls, and may elect to join the schools alumnae association, the PLC Ex-Students' Union.

Notable among these women are Sibyl Morrison, the first female barrister in New South Wales, Marie Byles, the first practicing female solicitor in New South Wales, Jessie Aspinall, the first female junior resident medical officer at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Florence Mary Taylor, the first qualified female architect and first woman to train as an engineer in Australia, and the first woman in Australia to fly in a heavier-than-air craft, and Annabelle Williams, Commonwealth Games Medallist and current world-record holder of the EAD 100m freestyle (S9 classification).

title: Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney


text:
принести

Verb

 * 1) to bring, carry

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬

Verb

 * 1) to bring (by foot), to fetch ((transitive) to transport toward someone/somewhere)
 * 2) to yield, to bear
 * 3) to offer (apologies, thanks, etc.)
 * 1) to offer (apologies, thanks, etc.)

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to bring, to fetch

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: принести


text:
Nikola Kalabić

Nikola Kalabić (Никола Калабић; 20 December 1906 – 19 January 1946) was a Serb and Yugoslav surveyor and Chetnik commander during World War II.

Early life
He was born to father Milan and mother Joka in Podnovlje (municipality of Doboj) in present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. He had a sister named Angelina (1912–1999).

Nikola's father separated from Joka after World War I and proceeded to get married three times. Nikola lived with his father at first so he attended school in places where his father served with the Serbian army. He eventually finished six grades of gymnasium before becoming a student of geodesy in Belgrade. During his studies, he met Borka (a year younger than him) who was born in Rajkovići near Valjevo in present-day Serbia into a family of old supporters of the People's Radical Party and Nikola Pašić. Borka and Nikola married in 1929 and on 3 August 1930 they had twins Mirjana and Milan. Their first service was in Belgrade. They then moved to Aranđelovac and finally back to Valjevo (where there are Kalabićs today). Nikola Kalabić (until the start of World War II) worked in Land-registry management in Valjevo.

World War II
During World War II, Nikola Kalabić was commander of Draža Mihailović's formation named the Mountain Guard Corps (Корпус горске гарде). On 26 November 1943, together with the General Inspector of Chetnik Troops Colonel Simić, he concluded a formal collaboration agreement (Waffenruhe-Verträge) with the representative of the German Military Commander in Southeast Europe, General der Infanterie (Lieutenant General) Hans Felber.

As part of terror against Partisans and their supporters, Kalabić's Chetniks during period between December 31, 1942, and April 1943 killed with cold weapons 28 people from villages near Valjevo and Kosjerić. Anonymous officer from Mountain Guard Corps wrote letter to Draža Mihailović on November 8 complaining that terror has gone so far that people are more afraid of Chetniks than of Germans, Bulgarians and Albanians. As an example of this terror he claimed that Kalabić beat personally 3 men and a girl in village of Ljubičevac, all innocent, whom latter died as consequence of beating. On November 26 Mihailović issued an order to Kalabić saying: Continue cleansing of communists whereever you hear them...cleanse without mercy.

In the night of 25 December 1943, Chetniks under command of Nikola Kalabić killed a large number of civilians in village of Kopljare, near Aranđelovac. Out of 22 killed, 19 were Romani. In a letter to Draža Mihailović, Kalabić wrote: ''In Kopljere we caught while sleeping and slayed 24 active communists, out of which 20 were Gypsies, who admitted to be so-called jarugaši, at day they do their housework, but at night in action. I killed them all.'' There is no proof that any of victims were involved with KPJ or involved in any armed fights. Source of Ministry of Interior of quisling government has a more precise description of the massacre, as they mention murder of 22 civilians, 19 Romani, of which 15 male and 4 female. It also mentions that Chetniks burnt all Romani houses, as well as houses of two peasants whose family members were members of partisans. Mountain Guard Corps under Kalabić committed similar acts of terror against pro-partisan population in central Serbia, including massacre in Drugovac, single largest Chetnik massacre in any Serb village. During July and August 1944 Mountain Guard Corps led by Kalabić committed string of robberies and beatings in villages around Prokuplje and in Dešilovac they executed 5 villagers.

On October 24, 1944, Kalabić's Chetniks from Ivanjica came to Sjenica where they joined other Chetnik units, as well as German forces, Muslim Militia and Serbian Shock Corps - the column that retreated towards Bosnia. Kalabić's troops in December had to retreat to Kladanj due to Partisan win near Šekovići, where 110 Kalabić's men died and 40 were captured. In letter to Chetnik High Quarters on December 27, Kalabić complained about small amount of reinforcement(around 300 men), as well as that units under his command lack ammunition. In Chetnik dispatch from January 16 writes that Kalabić got significant supplies from Germans. Yugoslav People's Army estimated on March 25 that joint Chetniks forces of Kalabić, Dragutin Keserović and Dragoslav Račić around 2000 men, following fighting them around Gradačac. On May 10 or 11 Kalabić went alongside main Chetnik column with Mihailović towards Zelengora. Column size was estimated by Yugoslav Army to be around 3000 men. Among captured Chetniks at Battle of Zelengora, where Chetnik main column was defeated, members of Kalabić's family(wife, daughter and mother-in-law). Wife and mother-in-law were sent back to Valjevo and daughter Mirjana by her own wish stayed in Yugoslav army until demobilization. Kalabić was among few hundred fighters who escaped capture or death at Zelengora.

On June 28, 36 Chetniks led by Kalabić and Filip Ajdačić crossed Drina to return to Serbia in Valjevo region. Group of outlaws led by Kalabić appeared in November on territory of Yugoslav First Army killed 10 soldiers, 19 civilians and 1 policeman.

Capture and alleged collaboration with the OZNA
Near the very end of the war, Kalabić and many other Chetniks tried to hide in rural areas of the country, awaiting an attempt to overthrow the new government. The OZNA had a plan to capture former members of the Chetnik movement and other military organizations outside of Yugoslavia. There, OZNA agents infiltrated the support network of Kalabić and arrested him in a covert operation on 5 December 1945.

After a few days, Kalabić agreed to collaborate with the OZNA in their efforts of locating and arresting Draža Mihailović, in return for immunity from prosecution. This claim however has been brought into question by family members of Kalabić claiming that he did not betray Mihailović. Kalabić was then executed by Yugoslav Partisans although this claim has also been questioned.

Rehabilitation attempts
Kalabić was rehabilitated by the High Court in Valjevo in May 2017. This decision however was overturned by an appellate court in Belgrade in May 2018. On 7 August 2022, he was officially rehabilitated by the High Court in Valjevo.

title: Nikola Kalabić


text:
vetenskap

Etymology
Related to Dutch, German. Apparently borrowed from, together with Norwegian , Danish.

Noun

 * 1) science, scholarly knowledge, scholarship collective discipline of learning acquired through any scholarly method; totality of knowledge
 * 2) any academic discipline; in general, the sciences and humanities taken as a whole

Usage notes
Vetenskap has a much broader meaning than the English word . While science refers to systematically acquired, objective knowledge obtained through a particular methodology (such as the scientific method), and includes only natural sciences, social sciences, and formal sciences; vetenskap also includes the humanities and philosophy and refers to learning and knowledge in general, whether obtained through scientific or non-scientific means. For example, writing a scholarly book about an author's life and works is vetenskap but not "science" in the English sense.

title: vetenskap


text:
Diocese of Antigonia

The Diocese of Antigonea is a suppressed, titular see of the Early Christian Church. The ancient city of Antigonea in Syria was the seat of the bishopric of the diocese, where the following bishops are known to have sat.

Bishops

 * Joseph Heinrich von Braitenbücher (12 April 1728 – 24 February 1749)
 * Georg Franz Lock (22 May 1801 – 7 September 1831)
 * Tomás Miguel Pineda y Saldaña (3 July 1848 – 10 March 1853)
 * David Moriarty (8 March 1854 – 22 July 1856; succeeded, Bishop of Kerry)
 * James Frederick Wood (9 January 1857 – 5 January 1860; succeeded, Bishop of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
 * Thomas Grimley (18 December 1860 – 29 January 1871)
 * Jean-Claude Duret, C.S.Sp. (26 August 1873 – 29 December 1875)
 * Marchie-Jean-Gustave Blanc, (17 April 1877 – 21 February 1890)
 * Giulio Marchsili (12 August 1890 – 28 July 1911)
 * Theodorus Antonius Leonardus Marchia van Roosmalen, (23 August 1911 – 9 June 1957)

title: Diocese of Antigonia


text:
BVRP

BVRP Software SA is a Paris-based software company that has purchased American software companies.

A 2007 acquisition placed it, according to one report, as then being the sixth largest publisher of consumer software in the United States.

History
BVRP was started in 1984 by "Bruno Vanryb and Roger Politis, sound engineers." The company's first offering was a modem-based business phone number service, "a database program called Directory."

When their Paris-based company partnered with Hayes Microcomputer Products they increased their range beyond Paris and France "to 62 other countries."

Vanryb claimed that French venture capital companies "prefer to invest in bigger companies, they don't like startups" so he turned to U.S. sources, leading to AvanQuest and VCOM.

Avanquest
Avanquest is a marketing name for PC software such as Avanquest Fix-It Utilities 11 Professional, a collection of optimization tools. In mid 2003 parent company BVRP expanded the Avanquest identity to be Avanquest Global Software Publishing, which it then used to market in Japan and Spain. With Avanquest's 2007 acquisition of Nova Development Corp., "a publisher focusing on the consumer market," BVRP's portfolio reportedly became the fifth or sixth largest publisher of consumer software in the United States.

In 2019, Avanquest had 83 million euro in revenue[footnote] from three main segments:

 * IT security : antivirus, ad blocker, cleaning and optimization tools sold under the Adaware brand
 * PDF : PDF management products grouped under the SodaPDF brand
 * Photo : photo editing software and apps developed under the InPixio brand

()
Memory Commander is an early DOS memory manager made by V Communications similar to the likes of QEMM, Helix Netroom or 386MAX, though much more capable. It allowed up to 904KB of conventional memory by utilizing the memory virtualization features of i386 to remap the Upper memory area into the High memory area in addition to automatically managing drivers and TSRs.

System Commander was introduced in 1993 by V Communications, sometimes referred to as VCOM.

System Commander included Partition Commander. With the 2005 purchase by BVRP of this company, they were able to compete with PowerQuest (PQ) and its PartitionMagic. PQ's bundle of software included PQboot, competing with System Commander.

Although PowerQuest was acquired by Symantec, which retired this software in 2009, rather than update it to run under Windows Vista, System Commander and Partition Commander have a market: competitor Paragon Software Group released a major new upgrade in 2015.

title: BVRP


text:
Kamyshenka, Tabunsky District, Altai Krai

Kamyshenka (Камышенка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Altaysky Selsoviet, Tabunsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 240 as of 2013. There are 4 streets.

Geography
Kamyshenka is located 30 km west of Tabuny (the district's administrative centre) by road. Granichnoye is the nearest rural locality.


text:
Aksenovka, Altai Krai

Aksenovka (Аксёновка) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Novorossiysky Selsoviet, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 42 as of 2013. There is 1 street.

Geography
Aksenovka is located 51 km north of Rubtsovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novorossiysky is the nearest rural locality.

title: Aksenovka, Altai Krai


text:
Wikipedia studies/NPOV

The policy on Neutral Point of View has existed on Wikipedia almost since its creation. This policy has been said to be non-negotiable by Jimmy Wales.

 * History of NPOV
 * What is NPOV

Related resources

 * Disclosures

title: Wikipedia studies/NPOV


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Myra Adele Logan

The result was: promoted by Allen3 talk 14:43, 5 March 2015 (UTC)

Myra Adele Logan

 * ... that Myra Adele Logan was the first woman to perform open heart surgery?
 * Reviewed: Alice Perry
 * Comment: Request that this be held for International Women's Day (March 8).

Created by Gobonobo (talk). Self nominated at 13:13, 11 February 2015 (UTC).

 * Symbol confirmed.svg What a great hook for the occasion! Everything looks good here – the article is new enough, long enough, neutral, well referenced and free from close paraphrasing as far as I can tell, and the hook fact is verified by a reliable source. Great work! 97198 (talk) 13:55, 11 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Thick Sand Motorcycling

Page history from How-to/Motorcycling.

 * 18:02, 8 Sep 2004 Merovingian m (fix)
 * 18:02, 8 Sep 2004 Merovingian m (Reverted edits by UltraAyla to last version by Booyabazooka)
 * 04:28, 5 Sep 2004 UltraAyla (How to survive thick sand)
 * 04:28, 5 Sep 2004 UltraAyla m (How to survive thick sand)
 * 01:00, 24 Aug 2004 Booyabazooka (grammar and such)
 * 22:06, 11 Aug 2004 Rossami m (removing vfd header)
 * 02:58, 30 Jul 2004 Kenwarren m (vfd)
 * 13:27, 6 Apr 2004 <IP_ADDRESS>
 * 13:26, 6 Apr 2004 <IP_ADDRESS>

-- Francs2000 01:20, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thick Sand Motorcycling


text:
Talk:Daniel G. MacMartin

External links modified
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title: Talk:Daniel G. MacMartin


text:
Masoomeh Jahanchi

Masoomeh Jahanchi is an Iranian former footballer who played as a forward. She has been a member of the Iran women's national team.

title: Masoomeh Jahanchi


text:
Talk:GarageBand/Graduation Day - Music Cue 1

This is just pathetic. You're petitioning the general public for help??? As someone who also tried for this film, it saddens me to know it went to a composer who has to beg strangers for assistance. Why not leave the jobs to those of us who are capable of doing the work? -SD

Please contact me.

 * Please contact me. This is getting interesting.  Robert Elliott 04:14, 31 May 2007 (UTC)


text:
User:Carley Rose/sandbox

Carley Rose has been an avid music lover of all genres and various languages. Also a life long learner, Rose prides herself in learning new skills, talents and trades. She holds multiple college degrees and is in the process of completing her PhD. Writing poetry, short-stories, grants or research papers are all food for her soul. Written expression, art and music have always been a major part of Rose's life as far back as she can remember, and throughout. These continue to be major influences in her day to day life.

title: User:Carley Rose/sandbox


text:
Carlos Burity

Carlos Burity (14 November 1952 – 12 August 2020) was an Angolan singer. He specialized in Semba music, a traditional Angolan style.

Burity died from respiratory problems on 12 August 2020.

Albums

 * AngolaRitmo (1990)
 * Carolina (1992)
 * Malalanza (2010)

title: Carlos Burity


text:
Talk:Donald J. Albosta

Start class
Far more information is needed to elevate the quality of this article. ludahai 魯大海 14:21, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Donald J. Albosta


text:
The Doris Day Christmas Album

The Doris Day Christmas Album is an album of Christmas songs performed by Doris Day with an orchestra conducted by Pete King, released by Columbia Records on September 14, 1964, as a monophonic LP album (catalog number CL-2226) and a stereophonic LP album (catalog CS-9026).

Track listing

 * 1) "Silver Bells" (Jay Livingston, Ray Evans)
 * 2) "I'll Be Home for Christmas" (Kim Gannon, Walter Kent, Buck Ram)
 * 3) "Snowfall" (Claude Thornhill, Ray Charles)
 * 4) "Toyland" (Victor Herbert, Glen MacDonough)
 * 5) "Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" (Sammy Cahn, Jule Styne)
 * 6) "Be a Child at Christmas Time" (Martin Broones, William A. Luce)
 * 7) "Winter Wonderland" (Felix Bernard, Richard B. Smith)
 * 8) "The Christmas Song (Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire)" (Mel Tormé, Bob Wells)
 * 9) "Christmas Present" (Sydney Robin)
 * 10) "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" (Hugh Martin, Ralph Blane)
 * 11) "The Christmas Waltz" (Sammy Cahn, Jule Styne)
 * 12) "White Christmas" (Irving Berlin)

title: The Doris Day Christmas Album


text:
Talk:Gable Steveson

Khasanboy Rakhimov
I don't know if the loss to Khasanboy Rakhimov since he was caught doping?

Sexual assault allegation & suspension
This part reads "Both were released without charges due to a legal loophole found in Minnesota's state law.[32][33] However, the University of Minnesota did not lift its suspensions of the two until six months later in December.[34]" That's very misleading. I'm from MN and have been through the legal system and am also a wrestling fan so I followed the case somewhat. This wasn't a case where he "got away with it because of a loophole" as the article implies. In no state can you be held indefinitely without being charged. MN gives the prosecutor 3 business days before they have to release you. Just because you're released doesn't mean they can't still charge you later. And there is no statute of limitations for sexual assault in MN. Gable could still be charged today if new evidence arises. But in December the county prosecutor announced that the Minneapolis sex crimes unit conducted a “very thorough” and “complete” investigation and “In the interest of justice, there is inadequate evidence to fairly charge and prosecute this case.” The University of MN reinstated him immediately afterwards. https://mndaily.com/208091/news/spwrinvestigation/

When you're talking about someone's legal/sexual history that's something you shouldn't mislead a reader on. Probably more relevant to the discussion is that he was accused of shoving something up someone's butt for whatever reason... just like WWE's The Rock repeatedly threatens to do to his opponents but obviously never really does. Whatever really happened, it appears to be an isolated incident from when he was 18 years old and he learned his lesson. He has a girlfriend, an Olympic medal, and new life. When a guy puts himself in the spotlight, it's fair to shine a spotlight on his past however. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:444:100:9120:346E:C4AA:5105:1699 (talk) 06:45, 19 September 2023 (UTC)

 * How the hell did he learn his lesson? He got off scot free! He raped somebody! And yall really try to scrub it away 2603:6081:913B:76E9:1425:5896:F5CA:25C5 (talk) 21:21, 26 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Whoever he "raped" apparently never objected to it at the time. And the prosecutor said he couldn't prosecute because intoxicated women were legally allowed to give consent in MN at the time. Is that really rape? 2601:444:100:5800:5817:B305:8DEA:D96F (talk) 14:11, 11 May 2024 (UTC)

Show people that he is a rapist.
It is INSANE that nothing is shown about how he RAPED somebody, and got away SCOT FREE and never faced a day in jail because of a law that said "she deserved it cuz she drunk" Yall need to allow people to write down the fact that he raped a girl with an object, instead of keeping his page squeaky clean so people will think he did nothing wrong 2603:6081:913B:76E9:1425:5896:F5CA:25C5 (talk) 21:20, 26 January 2024 (UTC)

 * So, every time you've had sex with a drunk person and they regretted it the next day you raped them? 2601:444:100:5800:5112:6C2D:7355:47E8 (talk) 17:46, 11 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Thats not what happened. He and his friends got a woman drunk and raped her with an object. It was never consensual, and he used legal loopholes to escape prosecution. Defending his actions is despicable. 2603:6081:913B:76E9:EC44:F7FC:AA11:B4AA (talk) 23:37, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

Please acknowledge what he did
Wiping Stevesons rape crime from public knowledge is wrong. Please add something to acknowledge what he did. 2603:6081:913B:76E9:EC44:F7FC:AA11:B4AA (talk) 23:36, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gable Steveson


text:
Aljand

Aljand is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Berit Aljand (born 1985), Estonian swimmer
 * Martti Aljand (born 1987), Estonian swimmer
 * Triin Aljand (born 1985), Estonian swimmer, sister of Martti

title: Aljand


text:
Talk:E. A. S. Prasanna

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 17:53, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:E. A. S. Prasanna


text:
Talk:Enerate

External links modified
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 * Added tag to http://soundcloud.com/enerate/unstoppable%20Unstoppable

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title: Talk:Enerate


text:
Machomane

Machomane is a type of dance which is popularly known to be performed by traditional healers in Botswana who use strong African traditional medicine. Machomane dance is usually accompanied by three people who are drum beaters.

title: Machomane


text:
Mario Levrero

Jorge Mario Varlotta Levrero (23 January 1940 - 30 August 2004), better known as Mario Levrero, was a Uruguayan author. He authored nearly 20 novels as well as writing articles, columns, comic books and crosswords. His work is said to be influenced by Franz Kafka, Lewis Carroll and surrealism. Throughout his life he shunned publicity and was difficult with interviewers. Regardless, he became a cult figure in Uruguay and Argentina.

His writing was often branded as science fiction or genre fiction, a categorisation he strongly rejected. Critics have commented on the both sinister and humorous nature of his work.

Biography
Levrero was born in Montevideo in 1940 to an Italian-Uruguayan family. He stopped attending school at age 14 due to a heart murmur and instead spent his time in bed, reading and listening to tango music. Having never finished school, he claimed that attending a tango club was his university. In his twenties, he ran a secondhand bookshop with a friend and was briefly a member of the Communist Party of Uruguay's youth wing. His first short stories were published in science fiction magazines in Buenos Aires. In 1966, Levrero wrote his first novel La ciudad (The City). He claimed the book was his attempt to "translate Kafka into Uruguayan". Published in 1970, the novel became part of what he described as an "involuntary trilogy" along with Paris (1980) and El lugar (1982). By the 1980s, Levrero was gaining more mainstream recognition after receiving an award for his novella Desplazamientos.

Levrero received a Guggenheim Grant in 2000 to finish work on a project he had begun in 1984 that he called La novela luminosa. Intended to be an account of a transcendental experience, the posthumously published work ended up as a composite of a diary detailing failed attempts at writing the novel and unedited chapters of the incomplete novel. It is widely regarded as his masterpiece.

Levrero died in Montevideo in 2004.

Levrero's work has inspired Latin American writers such as Rodolfo Fogwill, César Aira and Alejandro Zambra.

Novels

 * La ciudad, 1970
 * Diario de un canalla/Burdeos, 1972
 * París, 1980
 * El lugar, 1982
 * Fauna/Desplazamientos, 1987
 * La Banda del Ciempiés, 1989
 * El alma de Gardel, 1996
 * El discurso vacío, 1996
 * Dejen todo en mis manos, 1998
 * La novela luminosa, 2005
 * Trilogía involuntaria (includes La ciudad, París, and El lugar), 2008
 * Nick Carter se divierte mientras el lector es asesinado y yo agonizo y otras novelas, 2012
 * La Banda del Ciempiés, 2015

Short story collections

 * La máquina de pensar en Gladys, 1970
 * Todo el tiempo, 1982
 * Aguas salobres, 1983
 * Los muertos, 1986
 * Espacios libres, 1987
 * El portero y el otro, 1992
 * Ya que estamos, 2001
 * Los carros de fuego, 2003
 * Cuentos completos, 2019

Comic books

 * Santo Varón/I, with artwork by Lizán, 1986
 * Los profesionales, with artwork by Lizán, 1988
 * Historietas reunidas de Jorge Varlotta, 2016

Other writings

 * Manual de parapsicología, 1978
 * Caza de conejos, 1986 (reissued in 2012)
 * Irrupciones I, 2001
 * Irrupciones II, 2001

title: Mario Levrero


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/online-phd-uk.com

Links

 * online-phd-uk.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 22 additions.


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/fourfivecbd.co.uk

Links

 * fourfivecbd.co.uk resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 5 additions.