text:
Talk:David Duval

Untitled
By my math - he looses his Tour card after the '06 season. Correct? <IP_ADDRESS> 12:03, 4 October 2006 (UTC) -No he used a 1 time exemption for a top 50 career money leader in 07 and a 1 time exemption for a career top 25 money leader in 08. After 08 he won't be exempt. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:20, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

Had to mention his winning speech at the Open, very different from his peers. Catchpole 13:41, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

2001 Open Victory Speech
anybody know of a link to that speech? I see it referenced here and elsewhere (perhaps by journalists using wiki as a source) but I can't find a transcript or video or it. I'd like to read it and perhaps provide the link on the article page. thanks.Jessemarc (talk) 01:17, 22 June 2009 (UTC)

Discussion of his astonishing collapse in form after 2001 Open win?
Wouldn't it be worth adding in a discussion of some of the reasons mooted by commentators for his collapse in form from 2001. I've heard everything from things like 'he lost the fire in his belly' after finally winning a major, to his having severe back problems. And what might account for his partial and patchy 'return to form' in recent years (e.g. 2nd place in U.S. Open recently)? Surely some people out there have written some high quality, well-sourced articles on his loss of form. Isn't the loss of form almost the central interesting thing, the central mystery or enigma, about this player once tipped for greatness? As such, if anyone knows of some quality articles that can be used to source it, a section specifically on how and why he lost his form is a must for this page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:29, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Duval


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/Local/bespokeyachtcharter.com

Links

 * bespokeyachtcharter.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Selected additions

 * Displayed 7 additions out of 7 total.	 For more info see WikiProject_Spam/LinkReports/bespokeyachtcharter.com

Entry
Log entry for the MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist:

\bbespokeyachtcharter\.com\b # ADMINNAME # see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spam/Local/bespokeyachtcharter.com ]]

Discussion
See COIBot report for more details.

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 02:00, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Samuel Augustus Fuller

Samuel Augustus Fuller Sr. (August 8, 1837 - October 23, 1891) was an American steel industry executive during the Gilded Age in the United States. A resident of Cleveland, Ohio, he founded the Union Iron Works and Condit-Fuller & Co., which later became the Bourne-Fuller Company. Cyrus S. Eaton combined this company with two others to form the Republic Steel Company which became the third largest steel company in the U.S., trailing only U.S. Steel and Bethlehem Steel in size.

Early life
Samuel Augustus Fuller was August 8, 1837, in Vienna, Ohio, one of five children born to Augustus and Mary Ann ( Hutchins) Fuller. He was a direct descendant of Edward Fuller, a passenger on the Mayflower, the ship that transported the first English Puritans (known today as Pilgrims) from Plymouth, England, to the New World in 1620. His father, Augustus Fuller, had been born in August 1805 in Burlington, Connecticut, and emigrated to Trumbull County, Ohio in 1830. His mother, Mary Fuller, was born in Vienna in August 1806. She was the sister of Representative John Hutchins, and daughter of Samuel Hutchins (who had walked from Connecticut to Ohio as part of a survey party in 1789).

The Fuller family moved to Cleveland in 1847. Augustus founded a wholesale cap, hat, and fur business, and the Fullers were co-founders of the Euclid Avenue Presbyterian Church. Samuel was educated in the Cleveland public schools, graduating from Central High School in 1853 at the age of 16.

Samuel joined his father's business immediately after graduation, where he trained as an accountant. He proved to be an excellent businessman, and in 1859 his father made him a partner in the firm (which was renamed A. Fuller & Son). He remained associated with his father's firm and other retail businesses for the next decade.

Iron and steel industry
The first iron foundry in the greater Cleveland area was founded in 1834. By 1837, there were four foundries, and by 1846 there were six. All of these were small and produced inferior-quality products, as they relied on the poor-quality iron ore found in Ohio. The metals industry in Cleveland in 1860 consisted of just three shops, which manufactured iron bar and plate. The completion in 1856 of the Cleveland and Mahoning Valley Railroad through the city provided the impetus for the establishment of the iron and steel industry in Cleveland by linking the mills to sources for raw materials, opening up regional markets for iron and steel, and for allowing Cleveland to serve as a transshipment center for high-quality hematite ore from the Marquette Iron Range to inland areas. The establishment of what would become the Cleveland Rolling Mill in 1856 proved to be the starting point of the emergence of a vast steel industry in Cleveland. Another 21 iron and steel mills were established in the area between 1860 and 1866, and by the end of the 1860s steel had become Cleveland's biggest industry.

Fuller joined the Cleveland Iron and Nail Company in 1869, and was elected secretary of the firm. That same year, Fuller founded the Union Iron Works at what is now the northeast corner of the intersection of Union Avenue and E. 78th Street in Cleveland to reroll worn railway rails. Henry Chisholm purchased the company in 1871 and combined it with the Aetna Iron and Nail Company. Chisholm built the massive Emma Furnace at the Union Iron site in 1872.

In 1878, Canada imposed a steep tariff on imported iron and steel. Fuller transplanted his family to Hamilton, Ontario, that same year, where he founded an iron mill to meet the sudden increase in demand for domestic Canadian metals.

Fuller returned to Cleveland in 1880. He bought back his old company from Chisholm, renaming it the Union Rolling Mill Co. The following year, Fuller and partner Paul P. Condit formed Condit, Fuller & Co. This new firm marketed the iron and steel Fuller's mills were producing. Henry Chisholm, who had retained ownership of the Emma Furnace, spun it off as the Newburg Furnace Co. in January 1882. Fuller purchased it in August 1883 and made it part of the Union Rolling Mill Co. again.

Paul P. Condit died in February 1886, forcing Fuller to take on additional duties at the firm. To ease the workload, he brought his son, Horace A. Fuller, into the firm as a partner.

Death
Samuel Augustus Fuller died on October 23, 1891. He had complained of feeling unwell the night before, and went to bed at about 11 P.M. He was discovered dead in his sleep from an apparent heart attack at 1:30 A.M. the following morning. He left an estate worth about $40,000 ($0 in dollars).

He was interred in the family plot at Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland. His will provided for the erection of a $1,000 ($0 in dollars) funerary monument at the gravesite.

Personal life
Samuel Augustus Fuller amassed what The Plain Dealer newspaper called "a large fortune". He owned a home at 1120 Euclid Avenue, an exclusive area of the city known as "Millionaires' Row" and "The Showplace of America" for the vast number of homes owned by the ultra-wealthy located on the street.

Fuller was a Republican, and a lifelong Presbyterian. He enjoyed all kinds of music, and sang in the Euclid Avenue Presbyterian Church choir.

Fuller married 18-year-old Julia Elizabeth Clark of Cleveland, Ohio, on January 1, 1858. She was the daughter of Albert Clark, a local banker. The couple had 12 children: Albert Augustus (born October 30, 1858), Kate Amelia (born November 19, 1859), Willard (born January 2, 1861), Julia Clark (born September 12, 1862; died in infancy on April 10, 1864), Horace Arthur (born September 23, 1864), Helen Williams (born June 28, 1867), Samuel Augustus Jr. (born August 19, 1868), Charles Clark (born April 30, 1870; died in infancy on December 6, 1870), Mary Elizabeth (born October 15, 1871), Frances Kellogg (born April 3, 1876), Daphne Campbell (born July 20, 1877), and Emily Lyon (born April 20, 1880). Julia Fuller died on April 23, 1880, in Hamilton, Ontario, three days after giving birth to her daughter, Emily.

On August 18, 1881, Fuller married Louise Allen Wood. She was the daughter of John W. Allen, the fourth mayor of Cleveland (1841). She married Dr. George Kip Wood, a United States Army surgeon who had been widowed about 1873. She died at her home at the Hotel Roosevelt in Washington, D.C., on May 8, 1928.

Legacy
Condit, Fuller & Co. became the Bourne-Fuller Co. in 1896 with the elevation of Herbert C. Bourne to partner. Bourne-Fuller purchased the Upson Nut Company and the Union Rolling Mill in November 1911/ This marked the beginning of a number of acquisitions by Bourne-Fuller, and by 1929 it had merged with or purchased 18 companies.

On December 17, 1929, the Bourne-Fuller Co., Central Alloy Steel, Donner Steel, and Republic Iron and Steel merged into a new company, Republic Steel Corporation.

title: Samuel Augustus Fuller


text:
Acacia brassii

Acacia brassii is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Juliflorae that is native to north eastern Australia.

Description
The tree typically grows to a maximum height of 10 m. It has dark brown to grey coloured bark that is longitudinally fissured. Its dark red to brown coloured branchlets are glabrous or lightly haired and are flattened towards the apices and have scurfy ridges. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen, coriaceous and mostly glabrous phyllodes have a lanceolate or narrowly ovate shape and are narrowed at both ends. The phyllodes are flat and sickle shaped with a length of 13 to 19 cm and a width of 17 to 28 mm with three prominent nerves. It blooms between June and July producing golden flowers. The cylindrical flower-spikes have a length of 3 to 5 cm and are covered in golden flower. The waxy, coriaceous-crustaceous seed pods that form after flowering are linear and resemble a string of beads with a length of 4 to 13 cm and have longitudinal striations. The brown coloured seeds inside are arranged longitudinally and have a depressed cylindrical shape with a length of 2.8 to 3.7 mm..

Distribution
It is endemic to the northern part of Cape York Peninsula where it is quite common. It is found in deep sandy soils usually along creeks and rivers in scrubland communities often with Melaleuca viridiflora.

title: Acacia brassii


text:
The Perfect Human

The Perfect Human (Det perfekte menneske) is a cult short film in black and white by Jørgen Leth lasting 13 minutes about a middle class Danish couple performing everyday rituals. The film examines human behavior in a suave, pseudo-scientific way. It depicts well-dressed actors, a man and a woman, both labelled 'the perfect human' in a detached manner, 'functioning' in a blank boundless room, as though they were subjects in a zoo. The tone of world-weary detachment is created through a voice-over providing comments on their mundane actions.

The film was later seen in five different versions when Leth was challenged by filmmaker Lars von Trier, which were compiled in The Five Obstructions.

title: The Perfect Human


text:
Talk:Murchison Independent School District

External links modified (February 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Murchison Independent School District. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151025190535/http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/perfreport/account/2009/index.html to http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/perfreport/account/2009/index.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:49, 8 February 2018 (UTC)


text:
Tazmin Brits

Tazmin Brits (born 8 January 1991) is a South African athlete and cricketer. She won gold in the javelin throw at the 2007 World Youth Championships in Athletics. She was in line to be selected for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, before being involved in a road accident, which left her hospitalised for two months. She made her international debut for the South Africa women's cricket team in May 2018.

Career
In April 2018, she was named in South Africa women's cricket squad for the Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) series against Bangladesh. Prior to the tour, she captained the South Africa Emerging Players Women's squad against Australia. She made her WT20I debut for South Africa against Bangladesh Women on 19 May 2018.

In February 2019, Cricket South Africa named her as one of the players in the Powerade Women's National Academy intake for 2019. In September 2019, she was named in the F van der Merwe XI squad for the inaugural edition of the Women's T20 Super League in South Africa. In July 2020, Brits was named as the CSA Women's Provincial Cricketer of the Year. On 23 July 2020, Brits was named in South Africa's 24-woman squad to begin training in Pretoria, ahead of their tour to England.

In January 2021, she was named in South Africa's Women's One Day International (WODI) squad for their series against Pakistan. She made her WODI debut for South Africa, against Pakistan, on 26 January 2021.

In February 2022, she was named in South Africa's team for the 2022 Women's Cricket World Cup in New Zealand. In May 2022, Cricket South Africa awarded Brits with her first central contract, ahead of the 2022–23 season. In July 2022, Brits was added to South Africa's team for the cricket tournament at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England. In June 2023, it was announced that she had signed to play for South East Stars in July in the 2023 Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy.

title: Tazmin Brits


text:
Talk:Ben Graves

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Ben Graves. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110714203402/http://www.nowplayingnashville.com/event/detail/441127257/Ben_Graves to http://www.nowplayingnashville.com/event/detail/441127257/Ben_Graves
 * Added tag to http://www.sweetwatersongcontest.com/BandDetails.aspx?b=12816&sr=false&bn=TheDeanMartinis

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 16:16, 30 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ben Graves


text:
Talk:Arthur Herbert Church

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Arthur Herbert Church. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131105122926/http://www.picturingplants.com:80/2011/12/arthur-herbert-church-narcissus.html to http://www.picturingplants.com/2011/12/arthur-herbert-church-narcissus.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:47, 18 October 2016 (UTC)

Nigrium
Why is there no mention of his (turning out to be false) discovery of a new chemical element he called nigrium? Because of the politically incorrect name? [] -- 2003:E5:1737:DB34:6D08:8060:96A4:65B3 (talk) 10:03, 29 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arthur Herbert Church


text:
Talk:David Horsey

Reagan cartoon
I should begin by confessing that I am not familiar with David Horsey's work, although if the Reagan poster is an example of it then I like it. It [the accusation of plagiarism] was removed from this biog not because I contend that the cartoon was not David Horsey's work, but because the contributor who inserted his allegations did not provide any evidence (reliable or not) that the cartoon was Horsey's work. If it can be positively shown that it is indeed Horsey's work them I would be happy to see it re-inserted, with more appropriate captioning. But it must meet the Wiki requirement of verifiability. That is an absolute non-negotiatable requirement. Not mine, but Wiki's.

A few words about where the digitised version originated. I possess the colour poster from which the digitised version was made. The original has no Horsey signature, only the printer/publisher's name and date. These posters were widely sold in the United Kingdom in the mid-1980s by various campaigning groups, including the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and the British Peace Assembly (from where my copy was obtained). None were accredited to Horsey. And its arguable that the Finnish colour print was distinctively or qualitively different from a black and white version printed elsewhere. Its also arguable that the proper time to challenge the Finnish version as a copy (if it was a copy) was in 1984; twenty-two years ago. A challenge here in the UK courts would fail because of that time lapse in pursuing any claim, and the wide distribution of the Finnish version.

It was much too large to be scanned, so to digitise it, the map outlines were first traced onto several smaller sheets which were then scanned into computer and re-assembled in a black on white outline-only image. The colours were added later using MS Paint. The colours differ slightly from the original print, especially in the Middle East parts and the pink of Europe and the Eastern USA. This was necessary to differentiate them from adjoining areas of deep red, that did not appear as well on-screen as the original print. So its not really a copy, because its not alike; more a re-construction. But as the digitiser I am content for it to be seen widely. In this digitised format on Wikipedia, being seen more widely is more likely than was ever possible in the original printed format.

The accuser should also note carefully, that as the digitiser, I was careful to make no claim for myself to any rights over the cartoon. The accuser, having read the small print very carefully, should also abide by Wikipedia's policies about assuming 'good faith' on the part of other contributors, unless proven otherwise.

Now ... how about "The World According to George Dubya Bush". It would need to include some Rummyisms though to account for the latest version of the New World Order. Space would have to be found for two Europe's, one "Old" one "New". And then there is NORK and IRAK to fit in. Brian.Burnell 15:29, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

 * An afterthought worth considering. If, as you assert, the original was a black and white imprint in a book, and you were to photograph that imprint for use here or elsewhere, the copyright of that image would then be yours, the photographer, and not the copyright of David Horsey. So how is that so different from an image created by pencil and computer software? Think about it. <IP_ADDRESS> 21:00, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Another afterthought. If the cartoon did indeed originate with Horsey, did Horsey syndicate it to other publishers (including the Finns)? I believe that this is a common practice with political cartoonists, and may well explain how a reputable Finnish publishing house came to produce it in poster format. Although there may be other explanations. It is surely the responsibility of an accuser to ascertain the truth before making unsubstantiated allegations. Neither is it my responsibility to police the world. That's a task that Americans seem to have self-elected themselves to. Brian.Burnell 10:10, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on David Horsey. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042154/http://www.seattleweekly.com/dailyweekly/2011/12/david_horsey_draws_his_dream_j.php to http://www.seattleweekly.com/dailyweekly/2011/12/david_horsey_draws_his_dream_j.php

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:58, 1 January 2018 (UTC)

Collections
I would like to add an early collection I have in my possession of Horsey's to the list: Politics and Other Perversions: A Book of Political Cartoons by Dave Horsey (Shambala Publications Group, Seattle 1974). I've also made minor edits to italicise all the titles in the list and add publication information. Volpane (talk) 20:01, 5 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Horsey


text:
Talk:Dick de Jongh

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 03:55, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Dick de Jongh. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110728111002/http://www.illc.uva.nl/D65/ to http://www.illc.uva.nl/D65/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 17:40, 12 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dick de Jongh


text:
Shey Gompa

The Shey Gompa (शे गुम्बा, She gumba) is a Buddhist monastery located in the She Phoksundo rural municipality of the Dolpa district in Nepal at an elevation of 4200m. Shey Gompa means the Crystal Monastery in Tibetan. It was established in the 11th century. The monastery is considered to be the spiritual heart of Upper Dolpa.

The monastery has a two-story building coloured in red and the interior has various Buddhist paintings.

A festival called Shey Mela is organized every twelve years. It is believed that in 1220 BS, the Kagyu tribe came to this place and started this festival as a symbol of winning against the evil spirits, the Rakshyas.

title: Shey Gompa


text:
prendersi

Verb

 * 1) (with ) to grab or take hold (of)
 * 2) to grab (each other)
 * 3) to begin to feel  (for each other)
 * 4) to hit (each other)
 * 5)  (with ) to get along (with)
 * 6)  to fight or attack
 * 7)  (with ) to fall in love (with)
 * 1)  (with ) to get along (with)
 * 2)  to fight or attack
 * 3)  (with ) to fall in love (with)

title: prendersi


text:
Talk:Denise Alexander

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Denise Alexander. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070129151844/http://www.therealfrankgorshin.com/biography.html to http://www.therealfrankgorshin.com/biography.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:21, 8 September 2017 (UTC)

Correction
She played Dr. Lesley Webber on General Hospital <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:44, 13 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Denise Alexander


text:
Cookbook talk:Paprika

Edit History

* (cur) (last). . m 16:01, 1 Jan 2004. . JeLuF * (cur) (last). . 16:08, 17 Nov 2003. . <IP_ADDRESS> (da:) * (cur) (last). . 23:47, 24 Oct 2003. . Wiwaxia (Fixed up "Unites States") * (cur) (last). . 18:24, 18 May 2003. . Marj Tiefert (added a bit more) * (cur) (last). . 18:09, 18 May 2003. . <IP_ADDRESS> (de:) * (cur) (last). . m 12:30, 16 Jan 2003. . Liftarn (Doh!) * (cur) (last). . m 12:30, 16 Jan 2003. . Liftarn * (cur) (last). . m 20:22, 18 Oct 2002. . Lee Daniel Crocker * (cur) (last). . 19:53, 18 Oct 2002. . Rmhermen

title: Cookbook talk:Paprika


text:
User:Kiplin1/sandbox

Kiplin Perkins is a United States national who served as United Nations Director for the Department of Field Support's Global Service Centre, from April 2010 until his retirement in November 2013.[1]

In 2014, Perkins was appointed as the Director of Support

title: User:Kiplin1/sandbox


text:
Mersada Bećirspahić

Mersada Bećirspahić (born 8 December 1957) is a former basketball player who competed for Yugoslavia in the 1980 Summer Olympics.

title: Mersada Bećirspahić


text:
Russian Internet Restriction Bill

Russian Internet restriction bill (закон о блокировке экстремистских сайтов; Federal law of Russian Federation no. 139-FZ of 2012-07-28) is a law passed by the Russian State Duma in 2012 which replaced the procedure of shutting down telecom operators by prosecutors' orders with a blacklist of Internet sites containing alleged child pornography, drug-related material, extremist material, and other content illegal in Russia. This blacklist was supposed to be implemented and supervised by a self-regulating NGO of Internet users, but it was never created and this duty was assumed by government agency Roskomnadzor. The bill also introduced several other changes in the law, including liability for providers of telecom services for failing to protect children. Some critics expressed concern that the bill could be used to censor the Internet. Others noted that it would be expensive and, as written, contained many technical problems that would negatively impact legitimate Internet use.

History
According to the news agency RIA Novosti, Russia's League for Internet Safety (Лига безопасного интернета) pushed for the bill, after claiming to have broken up an Internet-based pedophile ring. Retired Communications and Mass Media Minister Igor Shchyogolev heads the group's board of trustees.

The bill no. 89417-6 was introduced in the Duma on June 7, 2012; it was given first reading on July 6 and both second and third readings on July 11. On July 18, 2012, the law was approved by the Federation Council.

The bill passed unanimously by the Russian Duma, with support of all four parties. Two lawmakers are publicly known for an active support of the Internet censorship bill: Ilya Ponomarev and Yelena Mizulina.

On the day of second reading, the Russian Wikipedia staged a protest by shutting down its site.

Internet Registry
The Blacklist or Registry is created by amending the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 149-FZ "On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection." The bill would add a new Article 15: "Uniform registry of domain names and (or) the universal locators to pages of sites on the Internet and network addresses of sites on the Internet that contain information prohibited to spread in the Russian Federation." It would create a registry of domain names with the URLs and network addresses of web pages that contain illegal information. The jurisdiction of the proposed registry would be under a Russian non-profit organization.

The mentioned identifiers of websites would be included into the Registry based on:
 * decisions made by the federal executive authorities of the Russian Federation with respect to:
 * Child pornography or solicitation to participate in such;
 * Information about methods of making, using, getting or locating narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances or their precursors (acetone, potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid); or growing plants containing narcotic drugs;
 * Information about methods of suicide and calls for suicide. (suicide is a serious problem in Russia, especially amongst young people)
 * a court decision proclaiming some Internet-distributed information as prohibited to be spread in Russia.

Hosting providers, site owners, and ISPs
When a site is added to the registry, the web hosting provider must within days inform the owner about the situation and the need for removal of content. The site owner must, within days of the receipt of the notification from the hosting provider, remove the page or pages with the offending content. If the site owner fails to do so, the hosting provider is obliged to restrict Internet access to the site.

If the site owner fails to remove the pages as demanded, or if the hosting provider and owner of the site of these fails to restrict access to the site, the site's network address is added to the government's registry.

Internet Service Providers are required to restrict access to addresses listed in the proposed registry. The legislation ignores the fact that the same IP address may in fact be used by several thousand sites (earlier that year some ISPs have already blocked such an IP address included in the Federal List of Extremist Materials ).

Decisions on inclusion in the registry of domain names, links to website pages and site network addresses can only be appealed in court for a limited 3-month period.

Other changes
The bill also made several other amendments. One change to the previously enacted Federal Law of December 29, 2010, No. 436-FZ (On Protecting Children from Information Harmful to Their Health and Development), requires content labelling. Thus, each Internet page (or site) with “harmful” information as listed in article 5 of the law would have been required to mark the site with special symbols or icons for the five categories of visitors: (0–6 years, 6–12 years, 12–16 years, 16–18 years of age, and older than 18 years). Some of the changes define the form of the icons (such as “18+” or “information for persons over 18 years old”) and exclude from this marking requirement Internet communications, except for mass media sites (“сетевые издания”), for which user comments are excluded.

Another amendment was proposed to the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Violations. It would provide for liability for Internet Service Providers not using software and hardware to protect children from information harmful to their health and (or) development.

The amendment to the Federal Law of July 7, 2003 No. 126-FZ (On communications) would renew the principle that restriction of access to information through the Internet is regulated by the Federal Law "On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection."

Criticism
The Presidential Council for the Development of Civil Society Institutions and Human Rights criticized the bill for several reasons:

"The bill is not aimed at combating the causes of illegal content and its distribution on the Internet and will not contribute to the effectiveness of law enforcement and prosecution of criminals, who will be able to migrate resources from illegal content in other domains and IP addresses. At the same time, many bona fide Internet resources with legal content may be affected by the mass blocking, since the system would impose severe restrictions on the basis of subjective criteria and assessments, which will make the Russian jurisdiction extremely unattractive for Internet businesses."

Communications and Mass Media Minister Nikolai Nikiforov tweeted about problems with the bill, according to The Moscow Times.

title: Russian Internet Restriction Bill


text:
The Binge

The Binge is a 2020 American parody film directed by Jeremy Garelick and written by Jordan VanDina. A parody of The Purge, the film stars Skyler Gisondo, Eduardo Franco, Dexter Darden, Vince Vaughn, Grace Van Dien and Zainne Saleh.

The Binge was released in the United States on August 28, 2020, by Hulu. The film received generally negative reviews from critics, although the performances of the cast, especially Vaughn's, were praised.

A Christmas-themed sequel, It's a Wonderful Binge, was released on December 9, 2022, by Hulu.

Synopsis
In a parody of The Purge, all alcohol and drugs are prohibited the entire year, except on the titular Binge, where alcohol and drugs are permitted for 12 hours.

Cast

 * Skyler Gisondo as Griffin
 * Eduardo Franco as Andrew
 * Dexter Darden as Hags
 * Vince Vaughn as Principal Carleson
 * Grace Van Dien as Lena
 * Zainne Saleh as Sarah
 * Marta Piekarz as Kimmi
 * Ian Soares as Mark
 * Zakary Odrzykowski as Student
 * Joel Carlino as Student
 * Hayes MacArthur as Pompano Mike
 * Tony Cavalero as Pompano Mike
 * Nicky Whelan as Punisher
 * Nikki Leigh as Alexa
 * Jasmine Millner as Student

Production
In September 2019, it was announced Skyler Gisondo, Eduardo Franco, Dexter Darden, Vince Vaughn, Grace Van Dien and Zainne Saleh had joined the cast of the film, with Jeremy Garelick directing from a screenplay by Jordan VanDina, with LD Entertainment and American High producing, and Hulu distributing.

Filming
Principal photography began in September 2019 in Syracuse, New York.

Release
The Binge was released on Hulu in the United-States on August 28, 2020.

Reception
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on  reviews, with an average rating of. The website's critics consensus reads: "The Binge starts out with the promise of a fun time, but gets sloppy on bottom-shelf humor and stumbles face down into the gutter." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 35 out of 100, based on 10 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".

John DeFore of The Hollywood Reporter praised the performances of the cast, especially Vince Vaughn's part, despite stating that the characters have generally no outstanding or unusual characteristics, and that Jordan VanDina's script delivers absurdities, which leaves some questions unanswered. Bill Goodykoontz of The Arizona Republic rated the movie three out of five stars, found Vaughn's part as one of the best aspects of the film through the personality of his character, and praised the depiction of a strong friendship between the characters, but stated that the film still fails to deliver enough good jokes.

Molly Freeman of Screen Rant gave rated the movie two and a half out of five stars, found the premise of the movie quick and easy to apprehend, and complimented how the characters explore their world, but claimed that the film lacks an entertaining story, while finding the characters being undeveloped to be satisfying enough. Tomris Laffly of RogerEbert.com rated the film two out of four stars, praised the complicity between the main characters and the sense of humor of the movie, but stated that Vaughn's shy performance as the villain is barely remarkable, and that the movie does not deliver enough humorous scenes for a comedy film.

Sequel
A Christmas-themed sequel, It's a Wonderful Binge, was released on December 9, 2022. The film was directed by Jordan VanDina, and stars Kaitlin Olson, Tim Meadows, Eduardo Franco, Danny Trejo, and Dexter Darden.

title: The Binge


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/OMHPC

The result was delete. - Mailer Diablo 16:47, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

OMHPC
Vanity article with no claim to notability Bduke 08:23, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Delete. The College is notable because of its history, but its men's hockey team is nothing like notable enough for inclusion. --Bduke 08:23, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * This should not reflect in any way the college, its opinions or attitudes due to the uncontrollable renegade faction of banal-minded, unfunny stickheads that have propagated this self-fulfilling, bloated opinion within their own team. It must be embarrassing for other residents of this institution to live with people who tarnish its name so readily in the public domain. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs).
 * Reply: Ormond College has a prestigious history of academic, cultural and sporting greatness. Whilst we admit that the OMHPC is no bigger than the college itself, we would argue against Mr. Duke's acusation of having "no claim to notability".  The OMHPC is well known and respected within the University of Melbourne College community and in the 125th year of this college's history, is poised to win back to back premierships, a notable feat. We would like to take this opportunity to thank Mr. Duke for his comments and for making himself known to us.  We took great pleasure in reading his article detailing his own notable and varied achievements. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs).
 * Delete. I see no evidence of passing WP:ORG. 44 ghits, and none of the top ten results even mention this group. Likewise, 0 hits at gnews . This group doesn't strike me as notable, and with snippets like "Many lesser mortals have refererred to the OMHPC and its members as arrogant," the article hardly seems to be a shining beacon of WP:NPOV. Sorry, folks; I'm sure you have fun, and I hope you do, but nevertheless, Wikipedia isn't an advertising service or a free webhost. Luna Santin 09:27, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep it Ormond College is not an institution created for the history of its administration and its libraries, which is what its previous wikipedia entry seemed entirely composed of. It is a living and breathing community of vibrant, intelligent, and funny individuals.  This article seems a more accurate representation of the sort of tongue-in-cheek spirit amongst residents of Ormond (past and present) which make that community so special. Regardless of whether they are truly serious of not, these are the sort of documents that will be included in histories of the college written in generations to come, as to reflect the attitudes and nature of those students in that time and place. The OMHPC is well known within its own community, and is undoubtedly useful for those who seek an example of college life at melbourne university. It is for all of these reasons that this article is notable and worthy of inclusion. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs).
 * Speedy Delete, CSD A7. wikipediatrix 11:35, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete... or transwiki to Uncyclopedia. --Canley 12:41, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, NN. Nuttah68 13:06, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete, vanity is a powerful motivator.Also note that the only comment to keep seems to have been posted by the creators. --schgooda 13:49, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, possibly in a hurry, and someone show the anons what Wikipedia is not. JPD (talk) 13:52, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-notable vanity. --Metropolitan90 14:29, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete because it's clearly something Wikipedia is not. Besides, it's cleary vanity because the user that created it is called TheJungleShark... --Deenoe 18:04, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete. The section on Weary Dunlop and the jungle shark seems like a hoax to me. Besides, he was known as a rugby player not a hockey player. The article doesn't establish its notability as a sporting team. Capitalistroadster 03:18, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletions.   -- Capitalistroadster 03:18, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom.--Peta 03:26, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom.--Peta 03:26, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/OMHPC


text:
User:Wikiversityman123

This is a userpage that is undergoing construction. This user also has accounts on Meta-Wiki, Commons, Wikiquote, Wiktionary and main account on the English Wikipedia right here.

Wik 18:05, 24 September 2006 (UTC) Wikipedia: Tennisuser123 Wikimedia Commons: Wikimediaman123 Meta-Wiki:Metawikiman123 Wikiquote: Wikiquoteman123 Wiktionary: Wiktionaryman123 Wikisource: Wikisourceman123

title: User:Wikiversityman123


text:
Ijah Halley

Ijah Halley (born 14 August 2001) is a Canadian professional soccer player who plays as an winger for Simcoe County Rovers FC in League1 Ontario.

Early life
Halley played youth soccer with the Woodbridge Strikers and Erin Mills SC. Halley joined the Toronto FC Academy in 2017 and featured with the second team Toronto FC II during some pre-season and exhibition matches.

Club career
On 27 April 2020, Halley signed his first professional contract with Canadian Premier League side York9 (which became York United the following year) on a multi-year deal. He made his debut on August 15 against Atlético Ottawa, coming on as a substitute. After the 2021 season, Halley's contract expired with the club and although the club remained in negotiations for a new contract, they did not come to an agreement.

In 2022, he joined Scrosoppi FC in League1 Ontario.

In March 2023, he joined League1 Ontario side Simcoe County Rovers FC.

title: Ijah Halley


text:
Talk:Emergency Afghan Allies Extension Act of 2014

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Emergency Afghan Allies Extension Act of 2014. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140801001222/http://blumenauer.house.gov/index.php/newsroom/press-releases/2375-blumenauer-kinzinger-hail-passage-of-passage-of-the-emergency-afghan-allies-extension-act to http://blumenauer.house.gov/index.php/newsroom/press-releases/2375-blumenauer-kinzinger-hail-passage-of-passage-of-the-emergency-afghan-allies-extension-act

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:49, 20 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
User:Classicrockface

About Me
I have a B.S. in Biotechnology. Classic rock isn't the only thing that I listen to. I love Chuck Mangione, Maynard Ferguson, R&B, and movie scores. I try to make wiki pages for music albums that don't have a page on wiki. When I make a page for an album, I like to think that it will interest someone and make that artist better known. I love contributing to wiki!!

If there are suggestions out there for me, please tell me. I love what I do on here, so please be nice.

 * This page is a work in progress.

title: User:Classicrockface


text:
Alberta Schenck Adams

Alberta Daisy Schenck Adams (June 1, 1928 – July 6, 2009) was a teenage civil rights activist in the struggle for equality by the indigenous peoples in the United States Territory of Alaska. Her 1944 challenge to segregation practices was cited during the Territorial Legislature's proceedings in passage of Alaska's 1945 anti-discrimination law, a decade before the Brown v. Board of Education decision outlawed segregation in public schools, and before Rosa Parks in Alabama sparked a public bus boycott by refusing to give up her seat to a white person.

Early life and segregated Alaska
Alberta Schenck was born in Nome, Alaska, on June 1, 1928, to Albert Schenck, a white army veteran of World War I, and Mary Pushruk Schenck of Inupiat heritage. She was born into an era when the indigenous peoples of Alaska were subjected to segregated practices that often left non-white children without an education for lack of facilities. Some segregated business establishments advertised that all their employees were white.

Alaska Dream Theatre incident
When Alberta was a high school girl in 1944, she had a part-time job ushering at the Alaska Dream Theatre in Nome, where part of her job was to make sure non-white patrons sat in their designated segregated area. She eventually registered a complaint with the theatre's manager and was fired. Alberta's response became an opinion article on March 3, 1944, in The Nome Nugget newspaper. She returned later with a white date, and the two of them sat in the "Whites Only" section. She and her army sergeant date refused to move when the manager demanded she move to the non-white section. The theater manager contacted the local police who arrested Schenck and placed her in jail for one night. Schenck's arrest rallied the local Inupiat community, who staged a protest at the theater until her release from jail the next day.

Anti-discrimination legislation
Indignant and determined not to be deterred, she wrote a letter to Alaska Governor Ernest Gruening and related the incident to him. The prior year, the Governor had seen his anti-discrimination bill be defeated in the Territorial Legislature. Her letter inspired the Governor to have the bill re-introduced in the Territorial Legislature, during which her experience was cited on the floor of the legislature. He answered her letter vowing that no one would again receive that kind of treatment in Alaska. The re-introduced bill passed both houses of the legislature and was signed into law as the Alaska Equal Rights Act of 1945 on February 16, 1945.

Death and legacy
Alberta Schenck married a man named Adams and moved to California. She died on July 6, 2009, in Anaheim of congestive heart failure.

The role Alberta Schenck played in passage of Alaska's 1945 anti-discrimination legislation was part of the Civil Rights Movement.

In 2011, Alberta Schenck Adams was inducted into the Alaska Women's Hall of Fame.

title: Alberta Schenck Adams


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Plymouth Police Explorer Post

I don't know who wanted to delet this, but I can garuntee you that we are a real explorers post. In fact, we are the current featured post on the MLEEA website. Maybe you should do some better research next time. http://www.mnleexplorer.org/featured.htm

Don't delete this article.


text:
Sampo Ala

Sampo Ala (born 18 January 2002) is a Finnish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Ykkönen club Rovaniemen Palloseura.

Club career
A youth academy product of RoPS, Ala made his senior debut on 10 March 2018 in a 2–0 defeat against KuPS. He made his Veikkausliiga debut on 3 April 2019 in a 2–2 draw against KuPS and scored an injury time equaliser.

International career
Ala is a Finnish youth international.

title: Sampo Ala


text:
Talk:British Primitive goat

Lead
I changed a few things in the first three sentences to make the introduction flow a bit more and sound clearer. I removed a comma in the first sentence, added "the" in front of each alternative goat name in the second sentence, and changed "they" to "it" in the third sentence. Acaill6 (talk) 04:36, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

Partial overhaul
I've rewritten much of this to actually reflect what the sources cited (so far) really say, and to add more correctly-sourced details from them. I did not go over "Characteristics" section, and it appears to be almost entirely unsourced. It's possible that the one source cited is the source for everything in the section, but if this is the case at very least cite the same source at the end of each paragraph so this is clearer.

I reorganized the material geographically.

Also added sourced section on the breed's relation to the Anglo-Nubian.

And rewrote the lead to comply with WP:LEAD, in actually summarizing the gist of the article.

There are two (I think) sources just tacked on at the end of the article. These should be mined for additional material for the article.

— SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  23:35, 1 June 2015 (UTC)

Capital P for Goat
We can all agree that British gets a capital letter, I hope. But the specialist publications used as sources for this article e.g. this one, suggest that the name also uses a capital P and a capital G? We still have a P in the article name? Does the MoS not need to bother itself with actual common usage? Martinevans123 (talk) 10:20, 15 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Hi, ! As far as I know, MOS is silent on the capitalisation of breed names. However, the convention is that they're invariably capitalised throughout the project. If "Goat" is part of the name of this breed, then that should be capitalised too, and the page moved back to British Primitive Goat. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 19:32, 16 April 2016 (UTC)
 * I'm surprised it's silent about anything. I was just hoping, I guess. Martinevans123 (talk) 19:54, 16 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on British Primitive goat. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130810134022/http://greatbritishfarmproject.org.uk/farming/the-animals/british-primitive-goats/ to http://greatbritishfarmproject.org.uk/farming/the-animals/british-primitive-goats

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:21, 8 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on British Primitive goat. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150925201139/http://britishferalgoat.org.uk/ to http://britishferalgoat.org.uk/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:11, 26 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:British Primitive goat


text:
Template:Rfd

This template indicates that a page or book is the subject of a deletion proposal at Requests for Deletion and adds it to Category:Requests for deletion. Please make sure you are familiar with Wikibooks' deletion policy and inclusion criteria before proposing a book or page be deleted. The appearance of the template changes based on the namespace it is used on.

title: Template:Rfd


text:
Julian McMahon (barrister)

Julian P McMahon is a Melbourne barrister, who has been the lawyer for Van Tuong Nguyen  and members of the Bali Nine. He currently serves as the president of the Capital Punishment Justice Project (formerly Reprieve Australia), an organisation which aims to provide legal representation and humanitarian assistance to those at risk of execution.

Early life and education
McMahon began studies at the University of Melbourne in 1986, where he was a resident at Trinity College. McMahon was a member of the college debating club known as the Dialectic Society. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts with Honours in 1987, and a Bachelor of Laws in 1990. He later obtained a Master of Laws degree from Monash University in 1998.

Career
McMahon was admitted to practice as a solicitor in 1992, and worked for Sly and Weigall and then the Office of Public Prosecutions. He was admitted to the Victorian Bar in 1998, and specialises in criminal and human rights law. He describes his chambers as having a history of "looking after people who no-one else really wants to defend".

McMahon opposes the use of the death penalty internationally, and challenged Australian citizen Van Nguyen's execution by Singapore in 2005, along with Lex Lasry QC.

McMahon has represented the Australian citizens Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran, convicted of drug trafficking in Bali, Indonesia. McMahon, along with a team of lawyers including Todung Mulya Lubis have helped their clients prepare clemency requests, and has launched judicial reviews in an attempt to overturn their death sentences. McMahon visited the pair in Nusakambangan Island, requesting family access. In a comment to SBS Dateline, McMahon stated "they help Indonesians in prison become better people, the idea of killing two young men who do that day in and day out is just ridiculous.”

Honours
McMahon was named Victorian Australian of the Year in 2016 for his work as a barrister, human rights advocate and fierce opponent of the death penalty.

In the 2017 Queen's Birthday Honours, McMahon was made a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC), Australia's highest civilian honour.

title: Julian McMahon (barrister)


text:
User:YTSensation2k19Plus/RJX Wikipedia

'''Rajdip. "Raj" Singh Bhullar better known as "RJX" shortened from his online alias: "RajdipX" is an entertainer, actor, internet personality & widely known as a YouTuber

title: User:YTSensation2k19Plus/RJX Wikipedia


text:
Template:Moved page

This page was created with a bad page name and its content has been moved. Please do not edit this page and find a more specific name for the page you wished to create. If you need help learning how to add content to Wikiversity, see the editing tutorial. This template is for use on redirect pages, after page content has been moved to a new page with a more specific name. see: Welcome templates

title: Template:Moved page


text:
Pierre Guichet

Pierre Auguste Antoine Marie Guichet, MSC, MBE (born 21 January 1915, died 6 October 1989) was the Catholic bishop of the Diocese of Tarawa from 1961 to 1978, when Paul Mea succeeded him.

He was titular bishop of Stectorium from 1961 to 1966 as Vicar Apostolic of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, until it was elevated as the Diocese of Tarawa in Teaoraereke in 1966.

He was ordained a priest on 24 March 1946, was the superior of the Mission of Melanesia, and consecrated bishop on 18 November 1961.

title: Pierre Guichet


text:
North Wales Crusaders statistics and records

This page details statistics and records regarding the North Wales Crusaders Rugby League club. This includes competitive matches following their inception in 2012.

Seasons
As of 02/09/12. Round is the round reached in the competition.

Wins & Losses
As of 2/9/12

Opposition
As of 02/9/12

Attendance

 * Highest Attendance: 1,513 V Barrow Raiders (11 March 2012)

As of 12/8/12

Player Records
For a list of North Wales Crusaders players,

Player summary
As of 2/9/12

Appearances
As of 10/4/18

Points
As of 10/4/18

Tries
As of 2/9/12

Goals
As of 2/9/12

Games

 * First game: Friendly V Leigh East at Leigh Sports Village on 20/1/12. Won 12-34
 * First competitive game: Championship 1 game V Barrow Raiders at Racecourse Ground on 11/3/12. Lost 24-26
 * First Challenge Cup game: V Toulouse Olympique at Racecourse Ground on 24/3/12. Won 28-10
 * First win: Challenge Cup game V Toulouse Olympique at Racecourse Ground on 34/3/12. Won 28-10

Players

 * First Try: Lee Hudson v Leigh East on 20/1/12.
 * First competitive Try: Andy Moulsdale v Barrow Raiders on 11/3/12.
 * Most Try's in a Game: 3 Leon Brennan V Oldham, Andy Moulsdale V Gateshead Thunder & Billy Sheen V Gateshead Thunder
 * Oldest player: Christiaan Roets 31 years, 11 months, 28 days - V Whitehaven 2/9/2012
 * Youngest player: Lewys Weaver 18 years, 10 months, 29 days - V London Skolars 12/8/2012

End-of-season awards
Awards are presented at the end of season dinner.

Nominations for 'Try of the year' were on the Official website after the final game.

Nominations for 'Smash of the year' were on the Official website after the final game.

Voted for by coaching staff.

Voted for on the official website

Voted for by the playing staff

Voted for by members of the Crusaders Rugby League Supporters Club.

Internationals
Players who have won international caps whilst playing for the Crusaders. Stats also include total caps during their career.

Updated 22 October 2012.


text:
1980 United States Senate election in Maryland

The 1980 United States Senate election in Maryland took place on November 4, 1980.

Incumbent Republican U.S Senator Charles Mathias won re-election to a third term in a landslide, defeating Democratic State Senator Edward T. Conroy.

As of 2024, this is the last time a Republican won a U.S. Senate election in Maryland. It is also the last time a Republican won Prince George's County and Baltimore City in a statewide election.

Candidates

 * Roscoe Bartlett
 * John M. Brennan
 * Jack Fortune Holden
 * Charles Mathias, incumbent Senator
 * V. Dallas Merrell
 * Gerald G. Warren

Candidates

 * Frank J. Broschart, candidate for U.S. Representative in 1972
 * Edward T. Conroy, State Senator from Bowie
 * Mello Cottone
 * Victor Crawford, State Senator from Silver Spring
 * Robert L. Douglass, State Senator from Baltimore
 * John A. Kennedy
 * Dennis C. McCoy, Delegate from Baltimore
 * R. Spencer Oliver, Chief of Staff of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
 * David E. Shaw
 * Kurt Summers
 * Richard J. Taranto
 * James A. Young

Counties that flipped from Democrat to Republican

 * Baltimore (County)
 * Baltimore (City)


text:
2020 Cork Senior A Hurling Championship

The 2020 Cork Senior A Hurling Championship was the first staging of the Cork Senior A Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board. The draw for the group stage placings took place on 19 November 2019. The championship was scheduled to begin in April 2020, however, it was postponed indefinitely due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games. The championship began on 31 July 2020 and ended on 4 October 2020.

On 4 October 2020, Charleville won the championship after a 3–12 to 1–14 win over Fr. O'Neill's in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh. This was their first championship title in the grade.

Charleville's Darragh Fitzgibbon was the championship's top scorer with 2-51.

Format change
On 26 March 2019, three championship proposals were circulated to Cork club delegates. A core element running through all three proposals, put together by the Cork GAA games workgroup, was that there be a group stage of 12 teams and straight relegation and promotion. On 2 April 2019, a majority of 136 club delegates voted for Option A which would see one round of games played in April, with two more following in August – all with county players available.

To Championship
Regraded from the Cork Senior Hurling Championship

 * Ballymartle
 * Bandon
 * Bride Rovers
 * Charleville
 * Kanturk
 * Killeagh
 * Newcestown

Promoted from the Cork Premier Intermediate Hurling Championship

 * Cloyne
 * Fermoy
 * Fr. O'Neill's
 * Kilworth
 * Mallow

Top scorers

 * Overall

 * In a single game

Match records

 * Widest winning margin: 20 points
 * Fr. O'Neill's 6-19 - 2-11 Ballymartle (Group Stage Round 3)
 * Most goals in a match: 8
 * Fr. O'Neill's 6-19 - 2-11 Ballymartle (Group Stage Round 3)
 * Most points in a match: 44
 * Bandon 1-22 - 1-22 Mallow (Group Stage Round 3)
 * Cahrleville 2-26 - 3-18 Kanturk (semi-final)
 * Most goals by one team in a match: 6
 * Fr. O'Neill's 6-19 - 2-11 Ballymartle (Group Stage Round 3)
 * Most goals scored by a losing team: 4
 * Glen Rovers 4-18 - 4-26 Blackrock (Final)
 * Most points scored by a losing team: 20
 * Kilworth 2-20 - 3-18 Killeagh (Relegation playoff)

Miscellaneous

 * The relegation play-off match between Killeagh and Kilworth was originally scheduled to take place on 13 September but was postponed after one of the Killeagh players tested positive for COVID-19.

title: 2020 Cork Senior A Hurling Championship


text:
salario

Etymology
Borrowed from, , , and , all ultimately from.

Etymology 1
, from.

Noun

 * 1) pay, wages, salary

Etymology 2
From. got the name because it was used to transport salt. The first three collocations already existed in Roman times.

Adjective

 * 1)  salt
 * or just — a Roman street, going from Rome to Castrum Truentinum, modern
 * — a bridge, when the street crosses the
 * — a gate, when the street goes through the
 * — a district of Rome
 * — a borough of Rome
 * — a district of Rome
 * — a borough of Rome

Usage notes

 * Used only in a few expressions and geographic terms relating to the Roman Empire.

Etymology 1
, from.

Noun

 * 1) wage, wages, salary
 * 2) income
 * 1) income

Usage notes

 * In several Spanish-speaking countries, a difference exists between and salario. A sueldo is a periodic payment of a fixed amount of money given to a worker. A salario is the amount of money a worker makes based on the day and hours he works. Thus, sueldo is actually closer to the English definition of salary, whereas salario is closer to a wage. Regional variation exists, however.

title: salario


text:
Col du Granier

Col du Granier (el. 1,134 m.) is a mountain pass in the Alps in the department of Savoie in France which crosses the Chartreuse Mountains to connect the villages of Entremont-le-Vieux (south), Apremont (north) and Chapareillan (east). It has been traversed several times by the Tour de France cycle race, including on Stage 12 of the 2012 race. It is situated between Mont Granier (1,933 m) (south-east) and Mont Joigny (1,558 m) (north-west).

Details of the climbs
From the north, the climb starts at Chambéry, from where there are 15.3 km.of climbing, gaining 864 m. in height at an average of 5.6%.

From Chapareillan (east), the climb (via the D285) is 9.7 km. long, gaining 845 m. at an average of 8.6%, with a maximum of 17.9%.

From St-Pierre-d'Entremont (south), the climb is 9.4 km. at an average of 5.3%, gaining 494m. in height.

Appearances in Tour de France
The pass was first included in the Tour de France in 1947 and has since featured 17 times and is generally ranked as a Category 1 or 2 climb. It was crossed most recently on Stage 12 of the 2012 tour, between Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne and Annonay-Davézieux, approaching from the direction of Chapareillan.

title: Col du Granier


text:
Talk:David Harsent

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on David Harsent. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110814085245/http://davidharsent.com/docs/indep_jan06.pdf to http://davidharsent.com/docs/indep_jan06.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070804024737/http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth568941520cd1a1E86BTsHtD48EA9 to http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth568941520cd1a1E86BTsHtD48EA9

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 17:19, 16 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Harsent


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Success Orientations

The result was delete.  Sango 123  03:09, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Success Orientations
This article is about a behavioral model created by Paul J. Kurucz. It is nothing more than an advertisement. Nothing to indicate notability. No reliable sources or sign of any significant independant coverage. --Hetar 04:57, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete. Google gives his what is presumably his personal website, which has nothing to indicate further notability. Mike Christie 05:09, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. Nuttah68 12:48, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as neologism, vanity and spam. Catchphrase invented by some guy who gives self-help seminars, and wants to promote it here. Fan-1967 13:17, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Strong delete. "The three different Success Orientations are Process, Relationship and Goal. All people having one main and one secondary success orientaton tendency."  The fact that some people can be persuaded to pay money to listen to this piffle makes me weep for the future of the human race. - Smerdis of Tlön 14:25, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * On the other hand, you can really fill in a lot of entries on your Buzzword bingo card. Fan-1967 14:28, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Please delete. The Success Orientations model is not ready for prime time review, is not notable at this point in time and the entry was included here prematurely by the 13-year-old son of Paul J. Kurucz. More information on the model: http://successorientations.com.  A comment on the previous deletion feedback: I thought Wikipedia was not under the control of opinionated, hypocritical people who self-style themselves as critics and experts.  Obviously I was wrong: It is just a new place for such people to do the kind of damage they seek to do and are barred from doing so on other venues. Hmmm...makes me "weep for the future of the human race" as it is so nicely put above.


text:
Niv Berkowitz

Niv Berkowitz (ניב ברקוביץ; born April 25, 1986) is an Israeli professional basketball player for Hapoel Haifa of the Israeli National League. He is the son of former basketball player Miki Berkowitz.

Early years
Berkowitz was born in Ramat HaSharon, Israel, he played for Hapoel Ramat HaSharon and Maccabi Tel Aviv youth teams. In 2004, Berkowitz joined Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, he played in 7 games before starting his professional career.

Professional career
On July 4, 2013, Berkowitz signed with Hapoel Eilat for the 2013–14 season.

On July 4, 2014, Berkowitz signed a one-year contract extension with Hapoel Eilat. he helped Eilat reach the Israeli League Finals, where they eventually lost to Hapoel Jerusalem.

On July 19, 2015, Berkowitz signed with Ironi Nahariya for the 2015–16 season. That season, he led the league in assists by averaging 6.7 per game. Berkowitz was also selected to the Israeli League All-Star game.

On July 5, 2016, Berkowitz signed a one-year contract extension with Nahariya.

On August 1, 2017, Berkowitz returned to Hapoel Eilat for a second stint, signing a one-year contract.

On August 17, 2018, Berkowitz signed a one-year deal with Elitzur Eito Ashkelon of the National League. In 29 games played for Asheklon, he averaged 10.6 points, 3.5 rebounds, 5.8 assists and 1.4 steals per game, earning a spot in the All-National League First Team.

On June 24, 2019, Berkowitz signed with Hapoel Haifa for the 2019–20 season.

Israeli national team
Berkowitz was a member of the Israeli U-18 and U-20 national teams.

title: Niv Berkowitz


text:
Amazon (chess)

The amazon, also known as the queen+knight compound or the dragon, is a fairy chess piece that can move like a queen or a knight. It may thus be considered the sum of all orthodox chess pieces other than the king (because it cannot castle and does not know when it is under threat via the check rule) and the pawn (because it cannot practice en passant). The amazon can force checkmate on an enemy king without the help of any other friendly piece.

Chess moves in this article use A as notation for the amazon.

Movement
The amazon's movement combines those of the queen and the knight. Thus, it may move to any square on the same rank, file, or diagonal without jumping, or it may move to any of the nearest squares not on the same rank, file, or diagonal.

History
The amazon is one of the most simply described fairy chess pieces and as such has a long history and has gone by many names. It was first used in Turkish Great Chess, a large medieval variant of chess, where it was called the giraffe. Later, it was widely experimented with in the Middle Ages to replace the slow ferz, and it competed with the modern queen for this role; the modern queen eventually won out, as the amazon's power was deemed excessive. In Russia, the amazon persisted into the 18th century; some players disapproved of this ability to "gallop like the horse" (knight). The book A History of Chess by H. J. R. Murray, page 384, says that one Mr. Coxe, who was in Russia in 1772, saw chess being played with the amazon.

The amazon is best known for its appearance in the chess variant Maharajah and the Sepoys, where it is the maharajah. It is royal and White's only piece.

Value
The amazon's value is estimated to be 12 or 13 points in the chess piece relative value system. It is extremely mobile, can control every square surrounding itself in a 5×5 area, and can force checkmate by itself. In contrast, although the gryphon (or griffin) from Grande Acedrex (which moves one step diagonally before continuing outwards as a rook) would seem to have the value of two rooks (10–11 points), the squares it attacks are more dispersed, and it is more easily defended against than the amazon.

In the endgame of king and amazon versus king and empress (rook+knight compound), the amazon usually wins; however, in a few positions, the weaker side may force a draw by setting up a fortress. Such a fortress forces the side with the amazon to give perpetual check; otherwise, the side with the empress can force a simplification or give their own perpetual check. King and amazon versus king is a forced win for the side with the amazon; checkmate can be forced within four moves. In comparison, the queen requires 10 moves and the rook requires 16. In fact, the amazon does not even require its king's help to force checkmate (as an example of a checkmate position, the king is in the corner and the attacking amazon is a knight's move away from it), and this great power is the reason why it is not seen as often in chess variants as the princess or empress.

Symbol
Both white and black symbols for the amazon were added to version 12 of the Unicode standard in March 2019, in the Chess Symbols block:

🩎 U+1FA4E WHITE CHESS KNIGHT-QUEEN 🩑 U+1FA51 BLACK CHESS KNIGHT-QUEEN

title: Amazon (chess)


text:
User:De brezy

American recording artist, singer, songwriter, and record producer tej drick Philip (born November 6, 1902), known professionally as DE BREZY, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. Born and raised in Lagos Nigeria, tej first became involved in music as part of the Dungeon Family collective, where he was nicknamed "the DE BREZY". After amassing a series of mixtapes between 2017 and 2018, DE BREZY signed a major record label deal with Epic Records and A1 Recordings, which helped launch DE BREZY own label imprint, Freebandz. He subsequently released his debut album, Pluto, in April 2017 to positive reviews. DE BREZY second album, Honest, was released in April 2017, surpassing his debut on the album charts.

title: User:De brezy


text:
Echinocereus stramineus

Echinocereus stramineus is a species of cactus, with stramineus meaning made of straw. There are various common names such as strawberry cactus, porcupine hedgehog cactus, straw-color hedgehog, and pitaya. The straw-colored spines distinguishes this particular plant from other Echinocereus. The aged spines may turn white in color and are very fragile.

Vegetative characteristic
Echinocereus stramineus has various stems from which a sexual mature plant can have a number of stems from 10–50 to 100–350. The largest stem reported was 1 meter in diameter with up to 500 stems. The most unusual feature of this plant is the number of ribs per stem. Normally, it has 11–17 ribs per stem and the average ribs per stem is 12 so it is easier to distinguish this from other Echinocereus. In E. stramineus, the areoles are circular in shape and normally 7–15 mm apart. Each areole contains average 2–4 central spines and 7–10 radial spines in which radial spines are acicular and 2–3 cm in length.

Flowers and fruits
Echinocereus stramineus flowers in late March to May and flowers are average 8.5 to 12.5 cm in diameter and length. The inner tepals are deep red compared to the outer portion of the tepals. The filaments are 0.8–1 cm long and are reddish, and anthers are yellow in color. (Filament and anther are the male structures.) The green stigma lobes (usually 10–13 lobes and average 8 mm long) are supported by reddish styles (usually 2.7 cm long and 2.5 mm thick). There are also rare individuals reported by Big Bend National Park where pure white flowers are found instead of the usual red. Fruits are globular in shape and 5–6 cm in diameter. The color will turn reddish brown when ripe, and the areoles on the fruit can be easily removed.

Distribution
Echinocereus stramineus is natively found in the United States (New Mexico and southwest Texas) and Mexico (Coahuila, Chihuahua, and Nuevo León). It prefers a similar living environment to other cactus such as desert, river and higher mountains. There are certain specific areas in Mexico and United States where the plants occur. For example, United States; southern Trans-Pecos and the Big Bend region, Terrell Co. and lower Pecos River, Val Verde Co. (2,500–5000 ft). The region of the east side of Upton Co. to the Pecos River. South-central NM, Doña Ana, Otero, and Eddy counties. Mexico; Coahuila, East Chihuahua, West edges of Nuevo León, north Zacatecas, Northeast Durango, and N San Luis potosí.

Taxonomy
This species was first described as Cereus stramineus by George Engelmann in 1856. Francisco Seitz placed the species in the genus Echinocereus in 1870

title: Echinocereus stramineus


text:
United States Government/The Articles of Confederation

Preamble
To all to whom these Presents shall come, we the undersigned Delegates of the States affixed to our Names send greeting.

Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union between the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.

Article I
The Stile of this Confederacy shall be "The United States of America."

Article II
Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.

Article III
The said States hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defense, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretense whatever.

Article IV
The better to secure and perpetuate mutual friendship and intercourse among the people of the different States in this Union, the free inhabitants of each of these States, paupers, vagabonds, and fugitives from justice excepted, shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of free citizens in the several States; and the people of each State shall free ingress and regress to and from any other State, and shall enjoy therein all the privileges of trade and commerce, subject to the same duties, impositions, and restrictions as the inhabitants thereof respectively, provided that such restrictions shall not extend so far as to prevent the removal of property imported into any State, to any other State, of which the owner is an inhabitant; provided also that no imposition, duties or restriction shall be laid by any State, on the property of the United States, or either of them.

If any person guilty of, or charged with, treason, felony, or other high misdemeanor in any State, shall flee from justice, and be found in any of the United States, he shall, upon demand of the Governor or executive power of the State from which he fled, be delivered up and removed to the State having jurisdiction of his offense.

Full faith and credit shall be given in each of these States to the records, acts, and judicial proceedings of the courts and magistrates of every other State.

Article V
For the most convenient management of the general interests of the United States, delegates shall be annually appointed in such manner as the legislatures of each State shall direct, to meet in Congress on the first Monday in November, in every year, with a power reserved to each State to recall its delegates, or any of them, at any time within the year, and to send others in their stead for the remainder of the year.

No State shall be represented in Congress by less than two, nor more than seven members; and no person shall be capable of being a delegate for more than three years in any term of six years; nor shall any person, being a delegate, be capable of holding any office under the United States, for which he, or another for his benefit, receives any salary, fees or emolument of any kind.

Each State shall maintain its own delegates in a meeting of the States, and while they act as members of the committee of the States.

In determining questions in the United States in Congress assembled, each State shall have one vote.

Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall not be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Congress, and the members of Congress shall be protected in their persons from arrests or imprisonments, during the time of their going to and from, and attendance on Congress, except for treason, felony, or breach of the peace.

Article VI
No State, without the consent of the United States in Congress assembled, shall send any embassy to, or receive any embassy from, or enter into any conference, agreement, alliance or treaty with any King, Prince or State; nor shall any person holding any office of profit or trust under the United States, or any of them, accept any present, emolument, office or title of any kind whatever from any King, Prince or foreign State; nor shall the United States in Congress assembled, or any of them, grant any title of nobility.

No two or more States shall enter into any treaty, confederation or alliance whatever between them, without the consent of the United States in Congress assembled, specifying accurately the purposes for which the same is to be entered into, and how long it shall continue.

No State shall lay any imposts or duties, which may interfere with any stipulations in treaties, entered into by the United States in Congress assembled, with any King, Prince or State, in pursuance of any treaties already proposed by Congress, to the courts of France and Spain.

No vessel of war shall be kept up in time of peace by any State, except such number only, as shall be deemed necessary by the United States in Congress assembled, for the defense of such State, or its trade; nor shall any body of forces be kept up by any State in time of peace, except such number only, as in the judgement of the United States in Congress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison the forts necessary for the defense of such State; but every State shall always keep up a well-regulated and disciplined militia, sufficiently armed and accoutered, and shall provide and constantly have ready for use, in public stores, a due number of filed pieces and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, ammunition and camp equipage.

No State shall engage in any war without the consent of the United States in Congress assembled, unless such State be actually invaded by enemies, or shall have received certain advice of a resolution being formed by some nation of Indians to invade such State, and the danger is so imminent as not to admit of a delay till the United States in Congress assembled can be consulted; nor shall any State grant commissions to any ships or vessels of war, nor letters of marque or reprisal, except it be after a declaration of war by the United States in Congress assembled, and then only against the Kingdom or State and the subjects thereof, against which war has been so declared, and under such regulations as shall be established by the United States in Congress assembled, unless such State be infested by pirates, in which case vessels of war may be fitted out for that occasion, and kept so long as the danger shall continue, or until the United States in Congress assembled shall determine otherwise.

Article VII
When land forces are raised by any State for the common defense, all officers of or under the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature of each State respectively, by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such manner as such State shall direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the State which first made the appointment.

Article VIII
All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for the common defense or general welfare, and allowed by the United States in Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the several States in proportion to the value of all land within each State, granted or surveyed for any person, as such land and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be estimated according to such mode as the United States in Congress assembled, shall from time to time direct and appoint.

The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the several States within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled.

Article IX
The United States in Congress assembled, shall have the sole and exclusive right and power of determining on peace and war, except in the cases mentioned in the sixth article -- of sending and receiving ambassadors -- entering into treaties and alliances, provided that no treaty of commerce shall be made whereby the legislative power of the respective States shall be restrained from imposing such imposts and duties on foreigners, as their own people are subjected to, or from prohibiting the exportation or importation of any species of goods or commodities whatsoever -- of establishing rules for deciding in all cases, what captures on land or water shall be legal, and in what manner prizes taken by land or naval forces in the service of the United States shall be divided or appropriated -- of granting letters of marque and reprisal in times of peace -- appointing courts for the trial of piracies and felonies committed on the high seas and establishing courts for receiving and determining finally appeals in all cases of captures, provided that no member of Congress shall be appointed a judge of any of the said courts.

The United States in Congress assembled shall also be the last resort on appeal in all disputes and differences now subsisting or that hereafter may arise between two or more States concerning boundary, jurisdiction or any other causes whatever; which authority shall always be exercised in the manner following. Whenever the legislative or executive authority or lawful agent of any State in controversy with another shall present a petition to Congress stating the matter in question and praying for a hearing, notice thereof shall be given by order of Congress to the legislative or executive authority of the other State in controversy, and a day assigned for the appearance of the parties by their lawful agents, who shall then be directed to appoint by joint consent, commissioners or judges to constitute a court for hearing and determining the matter in question: but if they cannot agree, Congress shall name three persons out of each of the United States, and from the list of such persons each party shall alternately strike out one, the petitioners beginning, until the number shall be reduced to thirteen; and from that number not less than seven, nor more than nine names as Congress shall direct, shall in the presence of Congress be drawn out by lot, and the persons whose names shall be so drawn or any five of them, shall be commissioners or judges, to hear and finally determine the controversy, so always as a major part of the judges who shall hear the cause shall agree in the determination: and if either party shall neglect to attend at the day appointed, without showing reasons, which Congress shall judge sufficient, or being present shall refuse to strike, the Congress shall proceed to nominate three persons out of each State, and the secretary of Congress shall strike in behalf of such party absent or refusing; and the judgement and sentence of the court to be appointed, in the manner before prescribed, shall be final and conclusive; and if any of the parties shall refuse to submit to the authority of such court, or to appear or defend their claim or cause, the court shall nevertheless proceed to pronounce sentence, or judgement, which shall in like manner be final and decisive, the judgement or sentence and other proceedings being in either case transmitted to Congress, and lodged among the acts of Congress for the security of the parties concerned: provided that every commissioner, before he sits in judgement, shall take an oath to be administered by one of the judges of the supreme or superior court of the State, where the cause shall be tried, 'well and truly to hear and determine the matter in question, according to the best of his judgement, without favor, affection or hope of reward': provided also, that no State shall be deprived of territory for the benefit of the United States.

All controversies concerning the private right of soil claimed under different grants of two or more States, whose jurisdictions as they may respect such lands, and the States which passed such grants are adjusted, the said grants or either of them being at the same time claimed to have originated antecedent to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall on the petition of either party to the Congress of the United States, be finally determined as near as may be in the same manner as is before prescribed for deciding disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between different States.

The United States in Congress assembled shall also have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective States -- fixing the standards of weights and measures throughout the United States -- regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians, not members of any of the States, provided that the legislative right of any State within its own limits be not infringed or violated -- establishing or regulating post offices from one State to another, throughout all the United States, and exacting such postage on the papers passing through the same as may be requisite to defray the expenses of the said office -- appointing all officers of the land forces, in the service of the United States, excepting regimental officers -- appointing all the officers of the naval forces, and commissioning all officers whatever in the service of the United States -- making rules for the government and regulation of the said land and naval forces, and directing their operations.

The United States in Congress assembled shall have authority to appoint a committee, to sit in the recess of Congress, to be denominated 'A Committee of the States', and to consist of one delegate from each State; and to appoint such other committees and civil officers as may be necessary for managing the general affairs of the United States under their direction -- to appoint one of their members to preside, provided that no person be allowed to serve in the office of president more than one year in any term of three years; to ascertain the necessary sums of money to be raised for the service of the United States, and to appropriate and apply the same for defraying the public expenses -- to borrow money, or emit bills on the credit of the United States, transmitting every half-year to the respective States an account of the sums of money so borrowed or emitted -- to build and equip a navy -- to agree upon the number of land forces, and to make requisitions from each State for its quota, in proportion to the number of white inhabitants in such State; which requisition shall be binding, and thereupon the legislature of each State shall appoint the regimental officers, raise the men and cloath, arm and equip them in a solid- like manner, at the expense of the United States; and the officers and men so cloathed, armed and equipped shall march to the place appointed, and within the time agreed on by the United States in Congress assembled. But if the United States in Congress assembled shall, on consideration of circumstances judge proper that any State should not raise men, or should raise a smaller number of men than the quota thereof, such extra number shall be raised, officered, cloathed, armed and equipped in the same manner as the quota of each State, unless the legislature of such State shall judge that such extra number cannot be safely spread out in the same, in which case they shall raise, officer, cloath, arm and equip as many of such extra number as they judge can be safely spared. And the officers and men so cloathed, armed, and equipped, shall march to the place appointed, and within the time agreed on by the United States in Congress assembled.

The United States in Congress assembled shall never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque or reprisal in time of peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the value thereof, nor ascertain the sums and expenses necessary for the defense and welfare of the United States, or any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow money on the credit of the United States, nor appropriate money, nor agree upon the number of vessels of war, to be built or purchased, or the number of land or sea forces to be raised, nor appoint a commander in chief of the army or navy, unless nine States assent to the same: nor shall a question on any other point, except for adjourning from day to day be determined, unless by the votes of the majority of the United States in Congress assembled.

The Congress of the United States shall have power to adjourn to any time within the year, and to any place within the United States, so that no period of adjournment be for a longer duration than the space of six months, and shall publish the journal of their proceedings monthly, except such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances or military operations, as in their judgement require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the delegates of each State on any question shall be entered on the journal, when it is desired by any delegates of a State, or any of them, at his or their request shall be furnished with a transcript of the said journal, except such parts as are above excepted, to lay before the legislatures of the several States.

Article X
The Committee of the States, or any nine of them, shall be authorized to execute, in the recess of Congress, such of the powers of Congress as the United States in Congress assembled, by the consent of the nine States, shall from time to time think expedient to vest them with; provided that no power be delegated to the said Committee, for the exercise of which, by the Articles of Confederation, the voice of nine States in the Congress of the United States assembled be requisite.

Article XI
Canada acceding to this confederation, and adjoining in the measures of the United States, shall be admitted into, and entitled to all the advantages of this Union; but no other colony shall be admitted into the same, unless such admission be agreed to by nine States.

Article XII
All bills of credit emitted, monies borrowed, and debts contracted by, or under the authority of Congress, before the assembling of the United States, in pursuance of the present confederation, shall be deemed and considered as a charge against the United States, for payment and satisfaction whereof the said United States, and the public faith are hereby solemnly pledged.

Article XIII
Every State shall abide by the determination of the United States in Congress assembled, on all questions which by this confederation are submitted to them. And the Articles of this Confederation shall be inviolably observed by every State, and the Union shall be perpetual; nor shall any alteration at any time hereafter be made in any of them; unless such alteration be agreed to in a Congress of the United States, and be afterwards confirmed by the legislatures of every State.

Conclusion
And Whereas it hath pleased the Great Governor of the World to incline the hearts of the legislatures we respectively represent in Congress, to approve of, and to authorize us to ratify the said Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union. Know Ye that we the undersigned delegates, by virtue of the power and authority to us given for that purpose, do by these presents, in the name and in behalf of our respective constituents, fully and entirely ratify and confirm each and every of the said Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union, and all and singular the matters and things therein contained: And we do further solemnly plight and engage the faith of our respective constituents, that they shall abide by the determinations of the United States in Congress assembled, on all questions, which by the said Confederation are submitted to them. And that the Articles thereof shall be inviolably observed by the States we respectively represent, and that the Union shall be perpetual.

[Signatures Omitted]


text:
Teaching and Learning Online

This resource is a collection of resources related to the major sub-division of e-learning which deals with teaching and learning online. If you know of a resource on Wikiversity which deals with this topic, please add it to the list below. Feel welcome to develop any of these resources further.

Topics
''Please do not list self-reflective resources here. (Self-reflective resources relate directly to using Wikiversity). The coloured icons before each item indicate a very approximate estimate of the state of completion.''

 * Instructional Design. Course. A very large resource (about 130 pages).
 * Media Literacy. Course. 8 pages; detailed.
 * Open Educational Resources. Encyclopedic article. What is an open educational resource? Places emphasis on the economic and institutional aspects.
 * One Laptop Per Teacher. Academic paper.
 * Facilitating Online.
 * Flexible Learning.
 * Creating Accessible Courses. A model for creating a course online, using Wikiversity
 * Networked Learning.
 * Composing Free and Open Online Educational Resources. Ongoing collaborative course.
 * Introduction to Learning Objects.
 * Future Media Class. Unmaintained. Needs adoption. About 10 pages.
 * Collaboratively Building Concepts. An idea for an activity.
 * The Online Classroom. Lesson collection, with one completed lesson on Student Safety on the Internet. (Note: image copyright problems.)
 * Neil Postman: Five Things We Need to Know About Technological Change. Discussion - needs more points of view and involvement.
 * Lecture 2.0. Ideas for Lectures of the Future.
 * The Rise and Fall of MOO Universities. Useful notes.
 * Web quest. Another Idea for Online Activities.
 * Web 2.0 Tools for Teaching and Learning. Slightly more than a stub.

Self-reflective resources
This section lists some selected resources relating to the use of Wikiversity in teaching and learning online.

 * Developing Wikiversity through action research
 * Wikiversity learning model
 * Learning resources
 * Help:How to write an educational resource
 * Help:101 things to do with your class on Wikiversity
 * Learning and learning about learning in Wikiversity (paper)
 * Educational technologies
 * Educational Technology Lesson Plans

Contributors
The page below lists major contributors to projects within the scope of the page.

 * Contributors to "Teaching and Learning Online" projects

External

 * Kidato raises $1.4M seed to scale its online school for K-12 students in Africa

Discussion questions

 * Will the COVID 19 pandemic change how students learn indefinitely?
 * What can be done to help foster the adoption of open source education?

title: Teaching and Learning Online