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Ineos Grenadier

The Ineos Grenadier is an off-road utility vehicle designed and produced by Ineos Automotive. It went into production in October 2022. The Grenadier was designed to be a modern replacement of the original Land Rover Defender, with boxy bodywork, a steel ladder chassis, beam axles with long-travel progressive-rate coil spring suspension (front and rear), and powered by BMW B58 inline six turbocharged engines.

History
Ineos Automotive Ltd was founded by Sir Jim Ratcliffe, chairman of the multinational chemicals company Ineos. Ratcliffe came up with the idea of building a replacement for his Land Rover Defender and approached Jaguar Land Rover to buy the tooling to continue production after the original model ceased at Solihull after 67 years in January 2016, but the firm declined. Ratcliffe later decided to initiate a project to design and build a similar vehicle under the codename Projekt Grenadier.

The vehicle is named after Ratcliffe's favourite pub, The Grenadier, in Belgravia, London, where the initial idea was considered, and where a promotional presentation was shown. Comparing this project to James Dyson's plan to build an electric car in Singapore, which was cancelled in October 2019, writing off £500 million of his own money, an industry insider commented "If JLR, which made the Defender for 70 years, is struggling, then that's an indicator of how tough it's going to be for a newcomer".

The vehicle was proposed to be manufactured in Wales, but later confirmed to be made in France. Production started in July 2022 at Ineos Automotive plant in Hambach, France. The first deliveries were made in December 2022.

Development
In March 2019, Ineos Automotive announced that it had entered into a powertrain technology partnership with BMW. It was announced in September 2019 that the Grenadier would be manufactured at a bespoke new manufacturing facility on a greenfield site in Bridgend, Wales. Ineos Automotive also confirmed that it would be investing in a sub-assembly plant in Estarreja, Portugal, for the Grenadier's body and chassis. In December 2019, Ineos Automotive announced the Austrian-based Magna Steyr as its engineering partner for the development of the Grenadier. This partnership would oversee turning the development project concept into a mass-produced vehicle. Development of the off-roader would see it undergo 1.1 million miles (1.8 million km) as part of a gruelling testing regime. Mark Tennant, the commercial director of Ineos Automotive, told the Financial Times there had been 50,000 expressions of interest before the designs of the vehicle had been made public. The firm expects to build 25,000 Grenadier models a year at full capacity. In June 2020, Ineos Automotive unveiled a first look at the exterior design of the Grenadier, as well as some technical information relating to the vehicle's chassis, towing capabilities and suspension.

On 7 July 2020, it was reported that Ineos Automotive was in talks with Daimler AG, the owner of Mercedes-Benz, to buy the Smart factory in Hambach, France, and build the Grenadier there instead of Wales and Portugal. "It's a serious business consideration," Tennant said. Ken Skates, Welsh Government Minister for Economy, Transport and North Wales said it would be "a real blow if Ineos reneged on its very public commitment". The government of Wales was reported in July 2020 to have spent £5 million on supporting the Ineos factory development at Bridgend with enabling work and road infrastructure, and said at that time that it would "look to recoup appropriate costs from the company" if the Bridgend factory was cancelled.

In November 2020, it was announced that Ineos would work with Korean carmaker Hyundai on a longer-term plan to develop a reliable source of hydrogen in Europe to use Hyundai fuel cell technology, with no carbon dioxide emissions, on later Grenadier production.

On 8 December 2020, Ineos announced it had purchased the Smartville factory at Hambach, France, to build the Grenadier, stating that the site's location "gives excellent access to supply chains, automotive talent and target markets". Ineos denied on Twitter having received "grants or other direct financial support" from either the Welsh or Portuguese governments. On 29 September 2021, Ineos announced it would locate its North American headquarters in Raleigh, North Carolina. In November 2021, Ineos Automotive revealed that it had made losses exceeding £250 million over three years on the project. Other companies owned by Ratcliffe made loans to the automotive subsidiary, so that his total commitment at the time could be over £650 million.

In January 2022, Ineos's engineering team was caught in a 'one-in-a-hundred year (flood) event' during hot weather testing in outback South Australia. Ineos plans on returning to Australia to complete this testing, along with undertaking an expedition of the Canning Stock Route.

Design
While the Grenadier is not a direct replica of a Land Rover Defender (it uses none of the original tooling or componentry), Toby Ecuyer made it clear that their mission was specifically to build a modern Defender, saying it was a 'massive shame' that the outgoing Defender was ceasing production. In an interview with Autocar UK, he explained that their mission initially began with trying to do just that. "We thought, well, we’ll replace it. Then we thought, let’s build a better one, something that doesn’t leak and is comfortable. After all, this isn’t 1948. We can move on." Speaking on how they would modernise the Defender's design he stated "That was when we started collecting similar vehicles – Bronco, Pajero, G-Wagen, various Jeeps – to see how other manufacturers had done it".

At the online launch, Toby Ecuyer, head of design at Ineos Automotive, said: "We had Jeeps, Land Rovers, Toyota Hiluxes, a Toyota Land Cruiser, Nissan Patrols, Ford Broncos. And we looked at vans, lorries, Unimogs, military vehicles, tractors. African-spec vehicles were particularly interesting. They all shaped our plan for a vehicle that would be extremely capable but also very honest and uncomplicated". The exterior design of the Grenadier was shown to the public for the first time in an online launch on 1 July 2020. At the launch Ratcliffe said "The Grenadier project started by identifying a gap in the market, abandoned by a number of manufacturers, for a utilitarian off-road vehicle. This gave us our engineering blueprint for a capable, durable and reliable 4x4 built to handle the world's harshest environments". Steve Cropley, editor-in-chief at Autocar said "The result is a simple, well-proportioned and familiar-looking off-roader."

Ecuyer is hoping that none of the inevitable discussion of the homage to the Defender's design obscures the unique and utilitarian design behind the Grenadier: the roof that doubles as a load rack, the roof tie bars (that go roughly where the Defender 110 has roof lights), the two-piece rear door, the exposed door hinges and the multi-purpose ‘utility rails’ that run along the exterior of the door panels where scuff bars would usually be placed.

Jaguar Land Rover brought a case based on trademark infringement but failed on a ruling that the similarity was insufficient.

Grenadier Quartermaster
In July 2023, Ineos introduced the Grenadier Quartermaster, a four-door pickup version of the Grenadier. Compared to the SUV version, its wheelbase has been stretched by 305 mm to fit the bed, which has a maximum payload capacity of 760 kg. The load bay measures 1564 mm long and 1619 mm, ensuring it can accommodate a standard Euro pallet. The Grenadier Quartermaster towing capacity is rated at 3500 kg, identical to the SUV version.

Despite the 25 percent import tariff imposed on light trucks built outside North America, the Grenadier Quartermaster is planned to be sold in the U.S., with pre-orders planned to be opened in early 2024.

Specification
The Grenadier is powered by a choice of BMW six-cylinder engines; the 3.0L B58 inline 6 petrol engine and the 3.0L B57 inline 6 diesel engine. In the Grenadier, the B57 diesel engine makes 183 kW of power (3250-4200rpm) and 550 Nm of torque (1250-3000rpm). The B58 petrol engine makes 210 kW of power (4750rpm) and 450 Nm of torque (1750-4000rpm).

Both engines come mated to a ZF eight-speed automatic transmission (codenamed 8HP51 for the petrol, 8HP76 for the diesel), with what Ineos calls a new "heavy duty" torque converter.

All Grenadiers come standard with permanent four-wheel drive (4WD), with low-range accessed through a 2.5:1 Tremec two-speed transfer case.

The Grenadier is built on a box-section ladder frame chassis. There are heavy duty Carraro beam axles at each end, paired to five-link coil suspension supplied by Eibach offering nine degrees of front axle articulation and 12 degrees at the rear, and anti-roll bars for road handling.

Electric Grenadier
The second Grenadier version is an electric model scheduled to enter production in 2026, to be developed with the Canadian car parts manufacturer Magna International, which already builds vehicles for Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Jaguar Land Rover and the startup Fisker Inc. This Grenadier will be built in a factory in Graz, Austria, that already builds electric SUVs for Jaguar and Fisker.

Fuel cell version
Tennant said that internal combustion engines were best for "rough, tough jobs", and pointed out the need for good range and autonomy in remoter parts of the world, with hydrogen fuel cells part of the longer-term plan.

Deploying a hydrogen supply chain could benefit Ineos, which produces 300,000 - 400,000 tonnes of hydrogen a year.

title: Ineos Grenadier


text:
incompressible

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) Not compressible.
 * 2)  Having a divergence equal to zero.
 * 1)  Having a divergence equal to zero.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: несвиваем
 * Finnish: puristumaton
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Italian: incomprimibile
 * Swedish:

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  for a penalty (peine incompressible): mandatory (period, minimum), ineligibility (period of parole ~)
 * 1)  for a penalty (peine incompressible): mandatory (period, minimum), ineligibility (period of parole ~)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: incompressible


text:
Patrick Smith (skateboarder)

Patrick Smith or Pat Smith is an American fabricator, carpenter, skateboard ramp builder, skate community contributor, professional skateboarder and skate company owner who lives and works in New York City.

Early life and education
Smith was born in Germany, growing up in a military family. Smith grew up getting re-stationed around the world every 3 years, spending most of his youth outside of Baltimore. Smith grew up skating at Lansdowne Skatepark. Smith studied programming at University of Maryland, Baltimore County.

Skateboarding career
Smith skated for Real Skateboards. After Real, Smith skated for Black Label, appearing in the Label Kills video.

According to Steve Rodriguez, Pat Smith was the first to ollie the doubleset at LES Skatepark. Smith makes an appearance in a Jenkem Magazine's article DISCOVERING EVEN MORE SKATE SPOTS VIA GOOGLE EARTH in 2020.

Patrick Smith emphasizes the need to support your local skate shop. Smith rode for the Pitcrew skate shop in Frederick, Maryland until it closed in 2017.

Ramp building practice
Growing up in rural Maryland, Smith built his own ramps in his early teens out of necessity. Smith has been building ramps his whole life. In 2020, Smith was acknowledged by The New York Times for his contributions to a Long Island DIY skate spot.

CODA CURB PROJECT
Smith and friends poured and donated long concrete curbs to select New York City skate spots and parks including Blue Park.

Coda Skateboards
Smith founded Coda Skateboards.

title: Patrick Smith (skateboarder)


text:
Shahrak-e Emam, Razavi Khorasan

Shahrak-e Emam (, also Romanized as Shahrak-e Emām) is a village in Eshqabad Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 764, in 190 families.

title: Shahrak-e Emam, Razavi Khorasan


text:
User:Sherian Martelly

Sherian Biansha Martelly Born {january 5th 2004} is a St.Lucian singer. Born in Casties, St.Lucian. She was involved in her church choir and several local talent shows from a tender age. From the she got introduced to the open and then her career began. She was self taught at her guitar learning also piano and violin.

title: User:Sherian Martelly


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St Andrew's College, Dublin

St Andrew's College Dublin (Coláiste Naomh Aindriú) is a co-educational, inter-denominational, international Private day school, founded in 1894 by members of the Presbyterian community, and now located in Booterstown, Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, Ireland. The school colours are blue and white.

Foundation
Founded as a boys' secondary school at the end of the 19th century by members of the Presbyterian community, St Andrew's College celebrated its centenary in 1994. It was on 8 January 1894 that the College opened its doors at 21 St Stephen's Green in the centre of Dublin. This was to be the first of its three locations. The school grew rapidly from its original intake of 69 students. By the end of 1894 there were 203 boys in the school.

Wellington Place
At the beginning of 1937 a move to new premises in Wellington Place, Clyde Road, along with a determined effort by past pupils and parents to stave off closure or amalgamation saw a revival in the fortunes of the College. In 1973, the school became co-educational and moved to a new site in Booterstown.

Structure
St Andrew's College has both a primary and secondary school. The secondary school offers both the Leaving Certificate (Ireland) and the International Baccalaureate programme.

Accreditations
Since 1984, St Andrew's is the only school in Ireland fully accredited by both the European Council of International Schools and the New England Association of Schools and Colleges.

International Baccalaureate
St Andrew's is one of three schools in Ireland to offer the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme. A small number (usually around 70) of the school's students are in the IB programme.

Model United Nations
St Andrew's organises St Andrew's Model United Nations (SAIMUN). It is run over the first week in Easter in the Royal Marine Hotel in Dun Laoghaire.

Sport
The school's sports facilities consist of two hockey pitches, one rugby pitch, two hard tennis courts, 8 lawn tennis courts, an outdoor basketball court, an indoor sports hall and a fitness centre. The major winter sports are rugby, basketball and hockey; the major summer sports are tennis, athletics and cricket along with an inter year annual football competition which runs through the summer term. St. Andrew's College won the Leinster Schools Rugby Senior Cup in 1906, 1911,1921-22.

They also have had immense success in the All Ireland Schoolboys' Hockey Championship, having won the tournament 7 times, most recently in 2017.

Notable former pupils

 * Leigh Arnold, actress
 * Andrew Balbirnie, cricketer
 * Wallace Benn, suffragan Bishop of Lewes (1997–2012)
 * Shane Berkery, contemporary artist
 * Ben Briscoe, former Fianna Fáil TD and Lord Mayor of Dublin
 * Robert Briscoe, first Jewish Teachta Dála (TD) and founding member of Fianna Fáil who also served as Lord Mayor of Dublin
 * Peter Bracken, Irish rugby player
 * Jammie Clinch, Ireland and Lions rugby player
 * Richard J. Collopy Ireland rugby player
 * Gerald Davis, artist
 * Ronnie Dawson, Ireland and Lions (Captain 1956) rugby player
 * Maurice E. Dockrell, Fine Gael TD
 * E. R. Dodds, classical scholar
 * Tom Dreaper, racehorse trainer
 * Neil Farrugia, professional footballer
 * Zlata Filipović, Bosnian writer
 * Charles Franklin, Irish-American (naturalised U.S. citizen) motorcycle racer-engineer. He enrolled in 1894, the year the college was founded
 * Ruth Gilligan, writer and actress
 * Michael Gibson, Ireland, The Barbarians & Leinster rugby player
 * David Grene, scholar of Greek classics
 * John Allman Hemingway, DFC, AEc, RAF fighter pilot (Battle of Dunkirk; Battle of Britain)
 * Ruth Kearney, actress
 * Neville Keery, Senate member and poet
 * Eve Hewson, actress
 * Elijah Hewson, lead singer of INHALER Inhaler (band)
 * Josh Jenkinson, lead guitarist of INHALER Inhaler (band)
 * Robert Keating (bobby skeetz), bassist of INHALER Inhaler (band)
 * Ryan McMahon, drummer of INHALER Inhaler (band)
 * Hector Hughes, Scottish MP
 * Herbert Carmichael Irwin, aviator and athlete
 * Denis Johnston, writer
 * Felix Jones, Ireland rugby union international
 * Christopher Juul-Jensen, professional cyclist
 * Jordan Larmour, Leinster & Ireland rugby player
 * Alan Lewis, Ireland cricketer and rugby union referee
 * Ian Lewis, Irish international cricketer
 * Derek McCleane, 800m Olympian
 * Katie McGrath, actress
 * Alfred Monahan, Bishop of Monmouth (1940-1945)
 * David Norris, independent member of Seanad Éireann
 * General Sir Frederick Pile, GCB, DSO, MC
 * Gillian Pinder, Ireland women's field hockey international and silver medallist at the 2018 Women's Hockey World Cup
 * Andrew Porter, rugby player for Leinster & Ireland
 * Herbert Rollins, cricketer
 * Bethel Solomons, Ireland rugby player, president of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, master of the Rotunda Hospital, supporter of the 1916 Rising; mentioned in Finnegans Wake
 * Molly Sterling, singer-songwriter
 * Peter Sullivan, Connacht Rugby Player
 * John Lighton Synge, mathematician and physicist
 * Cliff Taylor, Editor, Sunday Business Post
 * Chloe Watkins, Ireland women's field hockey international and silver medallist at the 2018 Women's Hockey World Cup
 * Trevor Williams, Bishop of Limerick and Killaloe
 * Juanita Wilson, director
 * Robbie Ryan (Cinematographer) (wikipage)

title: St Andrew's College, Dublin


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Vagabond (sailing dinghy)

The Vagabond is a 3.7m fibreglass sailing dinghy is sailed in Australia. It is often used as a training boat due to its simplicity but also has the option of a symmetrical spinnaker. It was at one time made by De Havilland Marine Yacht Division. Series II, with a white top, flip up high aspect centreboard, and fully battened mainsail are currently being manufactured at Noosa in Queensland. There are a number of race events organised by the Vagabond Class Association including youth, state and national titles. This dinghy can be confused with the Vagabond 14 made by Hobie Cat and now called either a Holder 14 or Hobie-one. Jack Holt also designed a "Vagabond" dinghy of about the same size.

title: Vagabond (sailing dinghy)


text:
Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 2.6/Boolean Expressions

Here is a little example of boolean expressions (you don't have to type it in):

With the output being:

1 True 2 False 3 True 4 False 5 True 6 True 7 False 8 True 9 False

What is going on? The program consists of a bunch of funny looking  statements. Each  statement prints a number and an expression. The number is to help keep track of which statement I am dealing with. Notice how each expression ends up being either  or. In Python, false can also be written as 0 and true as 1.

The lines:

print out a  and a   respectively just as expected since the first is true and the second is false. The third print,, is a little different. The operator  means if both the statement before and the statement after are true then the whole expression is true otherwise the whole expression is false. The next line,, shows how if part of an   expression is false, the whole thing is false. The behavior of  can be summarized as follows:

Notice that if the first expression is false Python does not check the second expression since it knows the whole expression is false.

The next line,, uses the   operator. just gives the opposite of the expression. (The expression could be rewritten as ). Here is the table:

The two following lines,  and , use the   operator. The  operator returns true if the first expression is true, or if the second expression is true or both are true. If neither are true it returns false. Here's the table:

Notice that if the first expression is true Python doesn't check the second expression since it knows the whole expression is true. This works since  is true if at least one half of the expression is true. The first part is true so the second part could be either false or true, but the whole expression is still true.

The next two lines,  and , show that parentheses can be used to group expressions and force one part to be evaluated first. Notice that the parentheses changed the expression from false to true. This occurred since the parentheses forced the  to apply to the whole expression instead of just the   portion.

Here is an example of using a boolean expression:

And here is the output:

First Match: Jill

This program works by continuing to check for match. When either  is greater than the last index of   or a match has been found the   is no longer true so the loop exits. The  simply checks to make sure that the   exited because a match was found.

The other "trick" of  is used in this example. If you look at the table for  notice that the third entry is "false and won't check". If  (in other words   is false) then   is never looked at. This is because Python knows that if the first is false then they can't both be true. This is known as a short circuit and is useful if the second half of the  will cause an error if something is wrong. I used the first expression to check and see if   was a valid index for. (If you don't believe me remove the matches "Jill" and "Life", check that it still works and then reverse the order of  to  .)

Boolean expressions can be used when you need to check two or more different things at once.

A note on Boolean Operators
A common mistake for people new to programming is a misunderstanding of the way that boolean operators works, which stems from the way the python interpreter reads these expressions. For example, after initially learning about "and " and "or" statements, one might assume that the expression  would check to see if the variable   was equivalent to one of the strings   or. This is not so. To see what I'm talking about, start an interactive session with the interpreter and enter the following expressions:

>>> 'a' == ('a' or 'b') >>> 'b' == ('a' or 'b') >>> 'a' == ('a' and 'b') >>> 'b' == ('a' and 'b')

And this will be the unintuitive result:

>>> 'a' == ('a' or 'b') True >>> 'b' == ('a' or 'b') False >>> 'a' == ('a' and 'b') False >>> 'b' == ('a' and 'b') True

At this point, the  and   operators seem to be broken. It doesn't make sense that, for the first two expressions,  is equivalent to   or   while   is not. Furthermore, it doesn't make any sense that 'b' is equivalent to  and. After examining what the interpreter does with boolean operators, these results do in fact exactly what you are asking of them, it's just not the same as what you think you are asking.

When the Python interpreter looks at an  expression, it takes the first statement and checks to see if it is true. If the first statement is true, then Python returns that object's value without checking the second statement. This is because for an  expression, the whole thing is true if one of the values is true; the program does not need to bother with the second statement. On the other hand, if the first value is evaluated as false Python checks the second half and returns that value. That second half determines the truth value of the whole expression since the first half was false. This "laziness" on the part of the interpreter is called "short circuiting" and is a common way of evaluating boolean expressions in many programming languages.

Similarly, for an  expression, Python uses a short circuit technique to speed truth value evaluation. If the first statement is false then the whole thing must be false, so it returns that value. Otherwise if the first value is true it checks the second and returns that value.

One thing to note at this point is that the boolean expression returns a value indicating  or , but that Python considers a number of different things to have a truth value assigned to them. To check the truth value of any given object, you can use the function   to see its truth value. Below is a table with examples of the truth values of various objects:

Now it is possible to understand the perplexing results we were getting when we tested those boolean expressions before. Let's take a look at what the interpreter "sees" as it goes through that code:

First case: >>> 'a' == ('a' or 'b') # Look at parentheses first, so evaluate expression "('a' or 'b')" # 'a' is a nonempty string, so the first value is True # Return that first value: 'a' >>> 'a' == 'a'          # the string 'a' is equivalent to the string 'a', so expression is True True

Second case: >>> 'b' == ('a' or 'b') # Look at parentheses first, so evaluate expression "('a' or 'b')" # 'a' is a nonempty string, so the first value is True # Return that first value: 'a' >>> 'b' == 'a'          # the string 'b' is not equivalent to the string 'a', so expression is False False

Third case: >>> 'a' == ('a' and 'b') # Look at parentheses first, so evaluate expression "('a' and 'b')" # 'a' is a nonempty string, so the first value is True, examine second value # 'b' is a nonempty string, so second value is True # Return that second value as result of whole expression: 'b' >>> 'a' == 'b'          # the string 'a' is not equivalent to the string 'b', so expression is False False

Fourth case: >>> 'b' == ('a' and 'b') # Look at parentheses first, so evaluate expression "('a' and 'b')" # 'a' is a nonempty string, so the first value is True, examine second value # 'b' is a nonempty string, so second value is True # Return that second value as result of whole expression: 'b' >>> 'b' == 'b'          # the string 'b' is equivalent to the string 'b', so expression is True True

So Python was really doing its job when it gave those apparently bogus results. As mentioned previously, the important thing is to recognize what value your boolean expression will return when it is evaluated, because it isn't always obvious.

Going back to those initial expressions, this is how you would write them out so they behaved in a way that you want:

>>> 'a' == 'a' or 'a' == 'b'  True >>> 'b' == 'a' or 'b' == 'b'  True >>> 'a' == 'a' and 'a' == 'b'  False >>> 'b' == 'a' and 'b' == 'b' False

When these comparisons are evaluated they return truth values in terms of True or False, not strings, so we get the proper results.

Examples
password1.py

Sample runs

What is your name? Josh What is the password? Friday Welcome Josh

What is your name? Bill What is the password? Money I don't know you.

Exercises
Write a program that has a user guess your name, but they only get 3 chances to do so until the program quits.


text:
Bill Meakes

Bill Meakes (born 23 February 1991) is an Australian professional rugby union player currently playing for Chicago Hounds in Major League Rugby (MLR). He also has represented Australia in rugby sevens. His usual position is centre.

Meakes was previously contracted to the Western Force in Perth and Gloucester in the English Premiership. He also played for the LA Giltinis in the MLR.

Early life
Meakes was born in Manly on Sydney's Northern Beaches. He attended St Joseph's College, Hunters Hill and during his final year there in 2008 was selected to represent New South Wales at the Australian Schools Rugby Championships.

Rugby career
Meakes played his club rugby at Northern Suburbs and then Randwick. In 2011 he played for the Australia U20 team that finished third at the IRB Junior World Championship, defeating France by 30–17 in the third place playoff. He was also capped for Australia sevens, playing in the 2011–12 IRB Sevens World Series.

In 2013, Meakes moved to England as he played for Clifton RFC, a local rugby union club based in Bristol. In early 2014, Meakes linked up with Gloucester Rugby having played for Clifton since his arrival in the UK as a non-contracted player. He did enough to earn an academy contract for the 2014–15 season. On 15 January 2015, Meakes signed his first professional contract with Gloucester since his move to the English club became permanent.

In 2016, Meakes was released from his contract with Gloucester to make his debut in Super Rugby with Perth-based Western Force from the 2017 season.

Following a year with Western Force, Meakes signed with rivals Melbourne Rebels for both the 2018 and 2019 Super Rugby seasons. He signed a one-year contract extension with the Rebels for the 2020 Super Rugby season.

On 28 October 2020, Meakes returns to England to sign with Premiership side London Irish on a short-term deal until the end of January 2021 as injury cover.

He joined Major League Rugby side LA Giltinis following his time at London Irish. He competed for Australia at the 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Cape Town.

Meakes has never played for the Wallabies.

title: Bill Meakes


text:
User:Gslide360

Isuofia is a town in Aguata L.G.A of Anambra state, Nigeria. It is located between the commercial town of Ekwulobia and the ancient town of Igbo-ukwu. It comprises of six villages, Umueze, Isiaku, Okpoko, Ozalla,

title: User:Gslide360


text:
Vikram Verma

Vikram Verma (born 23 January 1944) is an Indian politician and a leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) from Dhar, Madhya Pradesh. He formerly served as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the Rajya Sabha. He also served as a Minister in the Government of India for Youth and Sports Affairs from 2002 to 2004.

Personal life
Verma was born in the village Dharampuri of Dhar district in Madhya Pradesh. His father is Ganpat Singh Verma. He married Neena Verma on 22 June 1978. Neena is a Member of the legislative assembly (MLA) from Dhar, Indore. They have three daughters. His eldest daughter is married to the elder son of Sahib Singh Verma, former Chief Minister of Delhi.

Education
Verma did his primary education in Dharampuri village. He graduated from Christian College, Indore. He received his M.A. (Hindi & Political Science) from Indore Christian College, Indore. He completed LL.B. from Indore Christian College, Indore.

Corruption allegations
On 17 July 2015, Anand Rai, an Indian Right to Information (RTI) activist, lodged a complaint with the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) against Verma. He alleged that Verma had used his influence and power to get his MBBS student daughter transferred from a medical college in Uttar Pradesh to Gandhi Medical College in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. His daughter was also accused of getting admission to medical school with corruption.

Political career

 * He was president of the students' union in his college life.
 * 1969-72 : he remained chairman of Dharampuri Municipality.
 * 1977-80 : he was first time elected member of state assembly and appointed parliamentary secretary.
 * 1980-85, Member, Legislative Assembly, Madhya Pradesh and was Pradesh mantri of Bhartiya Janta Party.
 * 1989-93 Cabinet Minister, School Education, Higher Education, Sports, Culture, Government of Madhya Pradesh.
 * 1990-93 and 1993-98 1978-80 Parliament Secretary, Education, Sports and Youth Welfare, Government of Madhya Pradesh
 * 1993-98 Leader of the Opposition, Legislative Assembly, Madhya Pradesh
 * August 2002-04 Union Cabinet Minister of youth affairs and sports, Member of Rajya Sabha in Third Vajpayee Ministry
 * 2006 Re-elected to Rajya Sabha
 * 2007- Appointed National Vice President of Bharatiya Janata Party

Awards
Verma won several awards in national level debates in Literature and participated in literary and socio-cultural activities.

title: Vikram Verma


text:
Chiu Tzu-tsung

Chiu Tzu-tsung is a Taiwanese politician who has been the Deputy Minister of the Atomic Energy Council of the Republic of China since 2017.

Education
Chiu obtained his bachelor's degree in nuclear engineering from National Tsing Hua University in 1975 and master's degree in nuclear science from the same university in 1979.

Atomic Energy Council
In the Atomic Energy Council, he has been the director of Fuel Cycle and Materials Administration, director of Department of Nuclear Regulation, director of Department of Planning, director of Department of Radiation Protection, executive secretary of Legal Affairs Committee and engineering superintendent and chief executive secretary.

In June 2017, Chiu reiterated the plan to make Taiwan nuclear-free by 2025 and to decommission nuclear power plants on schedule.

On 21–23 September 2017, Chiu will become the commander-in-chief for the annual safety drill which will take place around Kuosheng Nuclear Power Plant in Wanli District, New Taipei, in which 10,000 personnel will be mobilized. Health and Welfare Deputy Minister Hsueh Jui-yuan and Economic Affairs Deputy Minister Yang Wei-fuu will become deputy commanders.

title: Chiu Tzu-tsung


text:
nonclinical

Adjective

 * 1) Not, as:
 * 2) Medical but not clinical in the sense of, being instead, for example, radiological, histopathological, surgical, or laboratorial.
 * 3) Not medical, being instead lay in nature, or at most.
 * 4) Lacking clinical objectivity; subjective; emotional.
 * 1) Lacking clinical objectivity; subjective; emotional.

title: nonclinical


text:
Alcino Izaacs

Alcino Marchiano Izaacs (born 16 November 1993) is a Namibian rugby union player who most recently played with South African side the. He can play as a winger or a full-back. He played for College Rovers in 2020, a popular rugby club in Durban where many semi-professional rugby players play. Rovers are arguably the strongest club in KZN. He currently plays for Namibia rugby club, Unam, as well as Namibian National Team.

Youth
While attending Namib High School in Swakopmund, Isaacs was selected to represent 's Under–16 side at the 2009 Grant Khomo Week competition and in 2010 at the Under-18 Academy Week competition. He also played for Namibia in the Under–19 All-African Cup competition.

Sharks
He then moved to Durban, South Africa to join the Academy for the 2012 season. He represented the side during the 2012 Under-19 Provincial Championship, scoring five tries in thirteen appearances for the side. He progressed to the team over the next two seasons, weighing in with three tries in the 2013 Under-21 Provincial Championship and with four in the 2014 Under-21 Provincial Championship.

He also made his first senior appearances in 2014, playing in seven of the 's matches during the 2014 Vodacom Cup. His debut came on 7 March 2014 against the in East London, starting as the left winger and helping his side to a 46–24 victory. He made two more starts and four appearances from the bench in their remaining fixtures as they topped the Southern Section of the competition, only to be eliminated by the in the Quarter Finals, with Izaacs playing all 80 minutes of their 20–27 defeat.

title: Alcino Izaacs


text:
User:Abakam/sandbox

Lead Section for Julius Caesar
The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1599. It is one of several plays written by Shakespeare based on true events from Roman history, which also include Coriolanus and Antony and Cleopatra.

Although the play is named Julius Caesar, Brutus speaks more than four times as many lines as the title character; and the central psychological drama of the play focuses on Brutus' struggle between the conflicting demands of honor, patriotism, and friendship.

The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare about a series of Roman political affairs surrounding the assassination of Julius Caesar, which is believed to have been written in 1599. It is one of several plays written by Shakespeare based on true events from Roman history, which also include Coriolanus and Antony and Cleopatra. In addition, the play is said to be the most likely one of all the Shakespeare's works that was performed first at the Globe Theatre.

Many scholars have debated whether the protagonist in the play is Caesar or Brutus for a long time. Some critics have tried to argue that Caesar is the protagonist of the play. However the majority of Shakespeare's experts agree that Brutus is the protagonist because although the play is named Julius Caesar, he speaks more than four times as many lines as the title character; and the central psychological drama of the play focuses on Brutus' struggle between the conflicting demands of honor, patriotism, and friendship.

Many critics and historians take a point that the play reflects the anxiety of people in England about the succession of throne. When the play was made and performed there, the Queen Elizabeth was old, but refused to designate the inheritor. Therefore, it is said that the English people buck then were afraid of such a potential civil war after her death as happens to Rome in the play.

Shakespeare's Julius Caesar has influenced many other following works, including his own work, Hamlet. Polonius refers to the play as one where he played a role of Julius Caesar when he was in university. Some parodied Julius Caesar as a comedy, others composed musics inspired by the play. Moreover, it is often the case that editors depict Caesar as resembling contemporary politicians in the play in order to give them credit as respectful ones like Caesar, who appreciates the importance of democracy.

= Instructions for Creating a Good Wikipedia Article about a Title of Video Games = This article is to give some information of how to write a Wikipedia article on the sub-genre of a title of video games. These instructions below are based on a featured article, Kingdom Hearts and a good article, Dragon Quest (Hereinafter called KH and DQ respectively). Therefore, strictly speaking, they are the instructions mainly for writing about role-playing video games, which is the genre of these two titles mentioned above.

Lead
In general, a lead section of Wikipedia article is encouraged to follow the guideline. In particular, a lead section of an article about a title of video games should consist of the genre, publishing company, general plot, short summary of the history of the title.

Length and Structure
As for the length of a good article, judging from the number of words of KH and DQ, which were around 6,000 and 7,500 each, a good article needs about 7,000 words. The ideal lengths of each section are mentioned below.

A good article includes as its headings: In "Titles", both of the two articles of KH and DQ lists up the all the main series entries and the timeline of their release years in boxes on the right side of the texts. On top of that, they also mentions the spinoffs of the titles. They give information about when and where each entry has been sold and for what console each one was made. In some cases, some unique or uncommon gameplays in the title are explained there. For example, KH refers to unique battle system of Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories, where players use decks of cards to beat enemies. As for, other items, moth of them provide information about printed items, such as mangas, novels, playing guides and so on. They also introduce variety of items there, including original sound tracks, toys and so on. A good article of a video game should have a section that mentions the title and all its entries and other remarkable items. In this section, both of the two articles use around 2,000 words.
 * 1) "Titles", which gives general information about all the entries of the title and other items.
 * 2) "Common elements" such as gameplay, music and so on.
 * 3) "Development" of the title, including how the project was started, who were and/or are concerned with the project and so on.
 * 4) "Reception", which mainly mentions how the title has been commercially successful.

In "Common elements", both KH and DQ mentions their gameplays. Both of them pay close attention to how their battles are performed. DQ says that turn-based menu-driven battle is common throughout the series. On the other hand, KH points out that the battle system of the title has hack-and-slash elements in common. In addition to its gameplay, KH puts emphasis on its story there. When all the entries of a title make a series of story, the story should be included in "Common elements". DQ takes its monsters as a common element due to their popularity. In particular, slime is mentioned as the most popular one with its image. In short, it should be stated as one of headings what common patterns of the title that players can expect is. In this section, about 1,500 words are expected for an article to be informative.

In "Development", they mainly discuss how the project of the title was started and progressed. For instance,it is said that Kingdom Hearts was born from just a talk among future executives of the project about Super Mario 64, whose gameplay gave them the motive to start the project. As for Dragon Quest, it is stated that the director Horii got inspired to initiate the project by a video game series, Wizardry, which he found in America. Besides its history, DQ talks about the influential music composer, Koichi Sugiyama and character designer Akira Toriyama, who is famous for his comic book Dragon Ball all over the world. According to the two referred article, you should include a heading that gives information about how the project of the title has been started and progressed. In this section, you had better write 1,000 to 1,500 words not to lose major information.

In "Reception", the title's overall sales count of all the games should be given at first, which should be included sales throughout the world. In addition to the number of sales, how the video games of the title have been evaluated should be mentioned. In the two articles, the Japanese gaming magazine Famitsu is referred as an indicator of how the titles have been received. "Reception" in an article sometimes points out external influence of the title as DQ introduces its cultural impact in Japan. For example, it mentions an incident where more than 300 school children were arrested for their truancy for standing in line of people who were going to buy Dragon Quest III to be released. A good article of this particular sub-genre is also supposed to supply information in a heading of "Reception" about the project's commercial achievement and how the title has been received by people all over the world. In this section, 1,000 to 1,500 words would be enough for an article to be comprehensive.

Images and info-boxes
Images are used for battle scenes in gameplay, representative characters of the title and so on.As for infoboxes, you can find the guideline to follow. In an article of a title of video games, it is common to list its genre, developers, publishers, creators, artists, composers, platforms, platform origin, the first release, and latest release. are used for timeline of the release year of each entry of the series, chronology of the series and so on.

What was revised
In the lead section, I added the information of the specific genre of the two model titles as Christina does in her instructions on music artists. Video games have a number of genres, so it should be informative to mention the genre of the titles in question so that readers can be sure to read the instruction for writing there articles.

In the "Citation" section, I pointed out that sources to support articles should be third-party ones as Dr. Schick did in his attempt. Third-party is very important concept to be mentioned.

Some mistakes such as grammatical and spelling ones were revised.

= Labrador Husky (Draft) =

Temperament
The Labrador Husky has a similar temperament to other Northern breeds such as Siberian Husky, Alaskan Husky, Alaskan Malamute, Canadian Eskimo Dog and and so forth. It rarely barks but does tend to howl. The breed can be friendly and not aggressive with strangers and is well behaved if socialized properly. They are also good at getting along with family members because they are basically intelligent and loyal creatures. These dogs often do well with children as well, especially if reared with them together. Being with other dogs makes them happier, because they are bred to work well in a pack. There is no worries that the dog might not get along with other dogs in the process of making a pack. However, its strong prey drive might make it dangerous for owners to have smaller pets with it, but if they meet each other in their early ages, it should be more than safe. Sometimes its intelligence would bring some problems to its owners such as tunnels in backyard, food missing from even covered containers. The first thing that an owner is going to do for the training of the dog is to gain pack leader status. In general, it is required for owners of dogs to be the leader of their pack. Especially if you are owners of wolf-hybrid dogs such as this breed, you are encouraged to understand the importance of being pack leaders more deeply. In addition, owners need plenty of time to take care of the dogs because they require a good deal of exercise and owners's attention as well as mental stimulation. Therefore, owners had better make sure that they can devote much of their time to their dogs. In short, this breed will be a very nice member of a family who has enough time to look after the dog because it is basically loyal and lovable animal but sometimes can be a hard to handle pet.

 * 1) small animal do not usually do well with Nordic dogs but if they are raised together it should be fine. (Sarah's Dogs)
 * 2) affectionate, loyal, lively and good-natured breed that forms a strong bond with its family.
 * 3) because of a strong prey drive, this dog should not be trusted with smaller pets.
 * 4) intelligence might be a nightmare for an owner.Left to its own devices these dogs can dig tunnels, can filch food from coverd containers and generally be a hard to handle pet.
 * 5) A Labrador Husky would do well in an environment where there are other dogs that will form the dog's pack.
 * 6) an owner need not be concerned that the dog will manifest an aggressive temperament against other dogs. (Sarah's Dogs)
 * friendly but not aggressive with stranger and well behaved if socialized properly. (petguide.com)

not recommended for people who do not have a great deal of time to devote to the care of their dog, for this breed requires not only a great deal of mental stimulation but plenty of exercise and attention. petguide.com
 * do well with children, if reared with them. (petguide.com)
 * being with other dogs makes them happy, because they are bred to work well in a pack. (Sarah's Dogs)

The objective in training this dog is to achieve pack leader status. (Dog Breed Info Center)

especially if you own a wolf hybrid, these rules should be strictly followed. Dogs need to have a clear place in their pack. A dog lacking in this clear order is an unhappy dog. (Establishing and Keeping Alpha Position)
 * wolf-like characteristics owing to its ancestry, but loyal and trusted companions to the Labrador Inuit for centuries. (when given a job or task to do) (petguide.com)
 * rarely barks but tend to howl (Dog Breed Info Center)
 * combination of strength, intelligence and stamina,
 * not as fast as Siberian or Alaskan Huskies because of their endurance and strength

History and Origin
The Labrador Husky originated in the Labrador portion of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Labrador is the northern and mainland portion of the province. Obviously, the name of this breed was given after the name of the region. The breed probably arrived in the area with the Thule Inuit people who came to Canada around 1300 AD. Although they were once very closely related to other Northern breeds, such as the Siberian Husky, they became isolated in Labrador and continued to develop on their own. Their history of being bred with wolves does not mean that they are wolf-dogs, nor do they have any recent wolf ancestry. However, they still retain some of their wolf-like physical features. Although they have been isolated, some Labradorian people have introduced the blood of the Alaskan Malamute in order to improve its sledding skills and later for trainability purposes, the German Shepherd Dog. This has created another sled dog that looks strikingly similar to the Siberian Husky, but is much larger and more wolf-like. This breed had helped people to lead sleds until snowmobiles were invented. From then on, it got much less common for the dog to be used as a sled dog to lead heavy loads. These days, it is often the case that the breed is seen in dog races or help to find and save lost people. However, most people have the dogs as their house pets now.
 * originated in Labrador of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador
 * arrived in the area with the Thule Inuit people who came to Canada around 1300 AD and introduced to the Dorsets. (Dog Breed Info Center)
 * once closely related to other Northern breeds, but isolated in Labrador and continued to develop on their own(why)
 * bred with wolves, but not wolf-dogs, nor have wolf ancestry, but keep some of their wolf-like physical features(what)
 * used for sledding by Labradorian people and the people introduced the blood of the Alaskan Malamute (to enhance the breed's sledding skills as) and later for trainability purposes, the German Shepherd Dog. (petguide.com)
 * which has created another sled dog that looks strikingly similar to the Siberian Husky, but much larger and more wolf-like
 * 1) Inuits first lived in Alaska (900-1000 AD). Over the centuries, the Labrador's ancestor had become but off geographically from the other northern breeds.
 * 2) The practice continued until the invention of the snowmobile, when dogs were no longer needed to pull heavy loads. (Dog Breed Info Center)
 * 3) In recent years, the dogs are seen in agility competitions and in serch and rescue operations. (Sarah's Dogs)
 * 4) most of these dogs have evolved into home companions. (Sarah's Dogs)

title: User:Abakam/sandbox


text:
User:Kalunda

Jades Kalunda Muema, also popularly known as Mbuti Kalunda wa Kalunda, is an elected (Gen Election of 8.8.2017) Member of County Assembly (MCA) in Makueni County, Kenya on Muungano Party ticket.

title: User:Kalunda


text:
Web Design/Information Architecture Challenges

Creating the information architecture for a site sounds like a science (and some people do study it as a science!) but for our purpose as Web Designers we just want to learn how to structure the information on a website to maximise the target users ability to find what they want.

A great way to get started practicing IA is to use the more formal process outline by Adobe's Information Design, Site Design and Page Design tutorials.

Using whichever tool you choose, for each challenge you will need to carry out the following tasks:
 * 1) Identify (or clarify) the business goals of the website.
 * 2) Identify and clarify the target audience. You may choose to create one or two [personas] for your primary target audiences.
 * 3) Identify the [user's goals] for the website (what the user needs to be able to do). These will relate to the business goals.
 * 4) For each of the user goals and/or site goals, brainstorm the content requirements with the client (or your facilitator) and other team members. For the purpose of these challenges you should end up with a list of 15-20 content items.
 * 5) Using Card-sorting technique or otherwise, group your information requirements into related topics that will help you target audience achieve their goals when using the website.
 * 6) Create labels for your groups that are clear, consistent and intuitive to your target audience.
 * 7) Document your site heirarchy using a sitemap.
 * 8) Create a prototype navigation system (on paper!) based on the information architecture.
 * 9) Test your website navigation system with others, using your target audience (and any personas or scenarios that you created), and adjust your information architecture as needed.

Each challenge will provide different bits of information, you'll need to work together to brainstorm the rest!

Challenge 1: MobileAir
MobileAir is a new startup company that is launching it's mobile services in 6 months time. MobileAir is intending to save money by providing most of their services for clients on their website.

MobileAir is particularly targetting young mobile users (15-30yrs, as that's where the money is).

Example sites for inspiration or ideas:
 * Virgin Mobile

Challenge 2: Mountains Retirement Village
Mountains Retirement Village is situated just outside a major city and is aiming to attract the new wave of digitally-aware retirees and their digital-native kids. Browse and choose your retirement or your parents retirement.

Example sites for inspiration or ideas:
 * Retirement By Design
 * It's Your Life

Edited by Arun Ramachandran (talk) 11:04, 4 January 2013 (UTC)


text:
Landshut Castle

Landshut Castle may refer to:
 * Landshut Castle, Switzerland, a castle in Utzenstorf, Switzerland
 * Landshut Castle, Germany, a ruin above the town of Bernkastel-Kues, Germany

title: Landshut Castle


text:
Electrodynamics/Magnetic Fields

Electric Currents
In an electric field, especially in a conductor, charged particles will move according to the electromotive force applied by the electric field. In a practical sense, the charged particles in question are the free electrons in the conductor. Electrons are attracted to the areas of positive charge, and are repelled from the area of negative charge.

The mass-flow of electrons through a conductor is known as electric current.

Units of Current
The flow of electrons through a conductor is measured in Amperes. The electric potential that causes electrons to flow is measured in Volts.

Magnets
Since ancient times, people have known about special rocks and materials that display a certain attractive and repulsive force on other such rocks. Termed "magnets", the force between them operates on a similar principle to the electric force that we have studied so far.

All magnets have two sides or poles, dubbed "North" and "South". Like positive and negative charges, like poles repel and opposite poles attract. The magnetic force works over distance, with the effect of the magnet decreasing over distance.

Induction
Electric currents, or moving electric fields produce a magnetic force.

Magnetic Fields
Like an electric field, there is a magnetic field that extends everywhere. the strength of the magnetic field is dependent on the location of magnets in the field. It is a vector field, so every point has both a strength and a direction.

We will discuss the mathematical determination of the magnetic field starting in the next chapter when we discuss the Biot-Savart Law.

Field of a Current

the magnetic lines of forces are wrongly shown in the figure as the current is traveling downwards the magnetic lines of force will pop out of the page from the left of the wire and go into the page on the right side

Solenoids
Solenoids

title: Electrodynamics/Magnetic Fields


text:
Song of the Century

Song of the Century may refer to:

 * Song of the Century (Green Day song)
 * Songs of the Century, a list

title: Song of the Century


text:
User:Manvendrasinghbhati

born 4th July 1987) Place in Jodhpur Rajathan India,His village name Jakhan Post Osiya Dist Jodhpur.His Schooling Complete in chopasani school Rajasthan broad.after school join Engineering Collage JIET Jodhpur and complete computer Science in B.tech.then after going more study Rajasthan capital Pinky city (Jaipur)Join Website develop Company in training php.after Join jaipur big company in as html develop working.

title: User:Manvendrasinghbhati


text:
Narrative dialog editing

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="background-color: #ffffaa; border: 1px solid #777777; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" colspan="2" |  Lesson Summary - A quick overview of narrative dialog editing
 * style="width: 55%; background-color: Lavender; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |
 * style="width: 55%; background-color: Lavender; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |

The theory of editing a dramatic conversation

 * What is this?
 * A conversation is when two or more people talk back and forth, back and forth without any pause.

 * When people have a conversation, there is a rhythm which MUST be maintained. This makes editing a conversation different from all other kinds of editing.

 * A unique style of editing (scripted dialog)
 * In a conversation, the dialog is the most important element. The spoken words are more important than the picture.

 * That is why editing a conversation is different from editing any other kind of scene.

 * Editing a documentary, event video, corporate video, broadcast video, multimedia and action scenes is totally different because they are edited based on the picture, not the sound.

 * Therefore, editing a conversation requires a completely different approach. It is extremely unique!!!

 * Only dialog editing
 * This is what I teach here.

 * style="width: 45%; background-color: BlanchedAlmond; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Why are "L-Cuts" used only for conversations?

 * Dialog editing
 * When you edit a conversation, you edit the picture at a different frame than the dialog (audio.) Yet you always must keep the audio in sync (lip sync) with the picture.  That is the definition of an "L"-Cut.

 * With a conversation, the sound and the picture are very dependent on each other. That is why the editing of a conversation is so challenging.

 * All other kinds of editing
 * When you edit other kinds of scenes, you edit the sound and the picture independently. You do not have to worry about keeping lip sync.

 * When editing other scenes (such as action scenes with no dialog), you use a patchwork of edits based on the picture. This is much easier since there is no dialog which must be synced to the lips in the picture.

 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="background-color: #ffffaa; border: 1px solid #777777; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" colspan="2" |

Special Note

 * No pauses
 * By conversation, I mean two more more people continually talking back and forth, back and forth without any pauses. It is like a tennis match.  There are no pauses!!!!

 * Then you edit based on the dialog (sound) while ignoring the picture.

 * If there are pauses
 * If there are any pauses in the conversation, you must edit the scene like an action scene, not like a conversation.

 * That means if there are gaps in the dialog, you must edit based on the picture, not the natural rhythm of the dialog.

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * }
 * style="width: 40%; background-color: BlanchedAlmond; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="3" |

The steps

 * Here are the steps of editing a dramatic conversation (dialog). Remember: These rules apply only to a conversation in a dramatic scene.

Step 1 - Select the best audio

 * For each sentence, you must select the best shot based on the quality of the spoken words.

 * Don't worry about the picture
 * With professionally filmed dailies, the picture is usually good, even for the worst of the circle takes (which are the best of the film dailies.) You should have an acceptable picture no matter which audio snippet you select.

 * Compare only one sentence at a time
 * Normally, each piece of the script is assembled into a conversation, one piece at a time. Conversations in motion pictures tend to have very short dialog... one sentence each, back and forth, back and forth.  Therefore, look at only one sentence at a time.  Find all of the takes that have the sentence and listen to how the actor say just those words.

 * Start by rejecting the bad sounding dialog for that sentence. Then it becomes easy to find the best clip for that sentence.

 * Adjust the natural rhythm
 * Once you have selected the best audio, you adjust the edits of the audio to create a natural rhythm of the conversation -- back and forth, back and forth. Therefore, you must adjust the gaps between the pieces of dialog.

 * Fortunately, when you have highly skilled actors, their natural speaking voice will already have perfect timing between each piece of dialog (between each sentence.) Just cut half way between sentences and it will probably already be perfect.

 * Again, don't worry too much about the picture for now
 * When you are finished selecting the best audio, the picture might not look ideal but the audio will sound OK. The scene will sound like a real conversation even though the different pieces of the conversation come from many different takes.  That is absolutely amazing!

 * Microphone limitations
 * For most filmmaking, there was only one microphone so most of the audio is unuseable. You can use only the shots where the microphone is pointing directly at the actor who is talking.  This makes selecting the audio very easy for a scene.

Step 2 - Next adjust the picture (but not the audio)

 * Once the audio is perfect, lock the audio. From now on, the audio never changes.

 * Once the audio is locked, you adjust the picture by rolling the picture edits forward and backward to find the best visual transistion. This is done by trial and error.  This is called an "L-Cut".

Step 3 - Add cut away shots

 * Once the audio and the picture edits are perfect, you can add cut-away shots (or insert shots) to enhance the visual look of the scene.

Step 4 - Add the musical score

 * Since most of the mood of a scene is created with music, you need to add background music and narrative film music (music which tells a story.)

 * As you add narrative film music, you might want to add additional room for the music between the sentences of the dialog. In that case, you go back to step 1 and start all over again to add the extra gaps between the sentences of the dialog.  Then things get really fun!

Step 5 - Add sound effects

 * Only the dialog is recorded on the movie set. Almost all other sounds must be in post production.  You have to add sound effects, walla, ambience and other sounds to make the scene seem real.

 * style="width: 45%; background-color: #ffffee; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;"|

L-Cuts

 * Creating L-Cuts
 * An "L-Cut" is where the audio and the picture are not edited at the same point. This edit looks like an "L".  Hence the name "L-Cut". Wow!

 * Rolling the picture edits
 * Everytime you edit for sound, lock the sound track, and then roll the picture edits to find the best visual transition, you create "L-Cuts". If you use this method of editing a conversation, you cannot avoid creating "L-Cuts".

 * You can create "L-Cuts" other ways but my method is, by far, the easiest way to do it. This procedure is the easiest to understand.

 * Accentuate and emphasize
 * L-Cuts do more than just create a nice transition point for the picture. L-Cuts can also emphasize one actor over another by showing the listener's anticipation or reaction to the conversation.

 * This is very subtle so you need to study this carefully. This is explained in great detail in Lesson #3 and there are two DVD-Video disks specially designed to show how to make L-Cuts and their impact on storytelling.

 * style="width: 45%; background-color: #efe; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;"|
 * style="width: 45%; background-color: #efe; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;"|

Ordering the Editing Workshop disks

 * The "Follow Dave?" Editing Workshop CD-ROM
 * This lesson uses a scene on a CD-ROM to demonstrate how "L-Cuts" are created. You need to order the CD-ROM if you wish to take this lesson.

 * So far, I have not found a better introduction to editing a conversation. On the disk is an educational movie which explains the entire process in just 11 minutes.

 * Order the disk
 * You can order the "Follow Dave?" Editing Workshop CD-ROM by going to the Star Movie Shop website. Currently, the price of this disk is $12 plus $3 shipping in the USA.  They accept only PayPal.

 * Or you can pay with the points you have earned at Wikiversity.

Free offer

 * You can soon as you have 15 points, you can request the disk for free.

 * Note : You can earn enough points simply by doing an excellent job of Formatting the script and by taking the Pop Quiz for creating the thumbnail storyboards.

 * To contact the Star Movie Shop, you simply Click Here. [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|24px]]  Or visit their Star Movie Shop website.  Or just contact your instructor (That's me.)

 * style="width: 45%; background-color: #fee; border: 2px solid Blue; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;"|
 * style="width: 45%; background-color: #fee; border: 2px solid Blue; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;"|

Special free offer

 * The "Follow Dave?" Editing Workshop CD-ROM
 * I need people with Final Cut Express 2 or better to test these lessons.

 * If you have Final Cut Express 2 or better, please contact me. I will provide free copies to selected individuals for this month only.

(This offer is not valid in some locations.)

@undefined.
 * }

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Dialog Editing

 * Different kinds of movies
 * In this film school, you will not learn to edit documentaries, event video, multimedia, corporate video in this course. The technology for editing the other kind of movies is completely different.  Don't become confused.  Study conversations separately from other kinds of scenes.

 * Different kinds of conversations
 * There are also different kinds of conversation. Monologue are not edited the same way as a conversation between two more people.  Same with group conversations with two more more independent conversations at the same time.

 * We keep things simple in these lessons. We study just a two way conversation.

 * When you first begin to learn editing, you need to start with the most basic and most structured kind of scene. That is a simple conversation.  That is what you learn with the "Follow Dave?" Editing Workshop CD.  I recommend that you look at the "Start Here" movie on that disk.  It might seem a bit childish but it is a good overview of the narrative film editing process.

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Things to think about

 * Only one microphone
 * When you edit a conversation, things are different for another reason. Normally, there is only one microphone used to film a conversation.  This limits your options which makes editing easier.

 * Best quality sound
 * In modern filmmaking (developed in the 1930s), normally only one microphone is used to film motion pictures and television dramas so only half of the audio (or less) is good.

 * A single microphone pointed down a the chest of the actor records the best possible sound quality. But using this technique, you can record the audio of only one actor at a time.  Therefore, the editor will be limited to only a few shots because only a few shots will have the necessary dialog.

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The next page

 * The next page tells you what to look for on the "Follow Dave?" Editing Workshop CD.
 * Page 1 - Disk contents of the "Follow Dave?" Editing Workshop CD [[Image:Crystal Clear action forward.png|24px]]

 * }

title: Narrative dialog editing


text:
posarsi

Verb

 * 1) to lay or rest (on)
 * 2) to land or fall gently (on)
 * 3) to settle (on); to fix (on); to turn (to)
 * 1) to land or fall gently (on)
 * 2) to settle (on); to fix (on); to turn (to)
 * 1) to settle (on); to fix (on); to turn (to)
 * 1) to settle (on); to fix (on); to turn (to)
 * 1) to settle (on); to fix (on); to turn (to)

title: posarsi


text:
Broken Heart (Thirteen Valleys)

"Broken Heart (Thirteen Valleys)" is a song by Scottish rock band Big Country, released in 1988 as the second single from their fourth studio album Peace in Our Time. It was written by Stuart Adamson and produced by Peter Wolf. "Broken Heart (Thirteen Valleys)" reached number 47 in the UK Singles Chart and remained in the top 100 for four weeks.

Background
"Broken Heart" originated with the track "The Longest Day" which Big Country recorded around 1985 but did not release. Adamson later took the chorus and melody from "The Longest Day" and incorporated it into "Broken Heart". "The Longest Day" was not released until it was included on the 1989 single release of "Peace in Our Time". In a 1988 radio interview, Adamson picked "Broken Heart" as one of his favourites from Peace in Our Time. He recalled of the song to Sounds in 1990, "I think it's the best song I've ever written. It works great on acoustic or electric. 'Thirteen Valleys' is the one that got away. I'll play that song, always. I'd put it up against any song."

Music video
The song's music video was directed by Richard Lowenstein and shot near Wittenoom, Western Australia.

Critical reception
Upon its release as a single, Alex Kadis of Smash Hits commented, "Though at first this sounds shockingly like 'She'll Be Coming 'Round the Mountain', it soon takes a turn for the better and becomes one of those superbly atmospheric songs that Big Country have become so famous for." Jim Whiteford of The Kilmarnock Standard praised it as "another powerful, atmospheric beat-ballad" from Big Country and added that the song "had me hooked [after] a couple of spins". Robin Smith of Record Mirror was critical in his review, commenting, "'Twas a time when I used to cock a leg to those stirring Gaelic airs, but now Big Country are so dull this bland muddy pop is pulling them under." Chris Roberts of Melody Maker called Big Country "obsolete and flabby and fake-Celtic as usual". James Masterton, in his 2019 book Chart Watch UK - Hits of 1989, considered the song "capable of standing shoulder to shoulder with past classics such as 'One Great Thing' and 'Fields of Fire'."

Track listing
7-inch single
 * 1) "Broken Heart (Thirteen Valleys)" – 5:14
 * 2) "Soapy Soutar Strikes Back" – 4:15

12-inch single
 * 1) "Broken Heart (Thirteen Valleys)" – 5:14
 * 2) "Soapy Soutar Strikes Back" – 4:15
 * 3) "When a Drum Beats" – 6:20
 * 4) "On the Shore" – 3:39

CD single
 * 1) "Broken Heart (Thirteen Valleys)" – 5:14
 * 2) "Soapy Soutar Strikes Back" – 4:15
 * 3) "Wonderland" (12" Version) – 7:10

CD single (UK limited edition)
 * 1) "Broken Heart (Thirteen Valleys)" – 5:14
 * 2) "Soapy Soutar Strikes Back" – 4:15
 * 3) "Made in Heaven" – 5:10
 * 4) "When a Drum Beats" – 5:04

Cassette and CD single (Canadian release)
 * 1) "Broken Heart (Thirteen Valleys)" – 5:10
 * 2) "Soapy Soutar Strikes Back" – 4:06
 * 3) "When a Drum Beats" – 4:06
 * 4) "Starred and Crossed" – 4:06

Personnel
Big Country
 * Stuart Adamson – vocals, guitar
 * Bruce Watson – guitar
 * Tony Butler – bass
 * Mark Brzezicki – drums

Additional musicians
 * Peter Wolf – keyboards

Production
 * Peter Wolf – producer of "Broken Heart"
 * Big Country – producers of all tracks except "Broken Heart" and "Wonderland"
 * Steve Lillywhite – producer of "Wonderland"
 * Brian Malouf – engineer and mixing on "Broken Heart"
 * Jeremy Smith – engineer on "Broken Heart"
 * Gonzalo Espinoza, Jeff Poe, Kristen Connolly – assistant engineers on "Broken Heart"
 * Geoff Pesche – mastering

title: Broken Heart (Thirteen Valleys)


text:
Atlas Shrugged/Synopsis/Section 2A

=Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Chapters 6-10=

Section 261: Part 2, Chapter 6, Section 1

 * Plot summary:
 * The Washington gang discuss their problems with revenue & jobs. They decide it is time to move forward with Directive 10-289, which dictates that:
 * 1) Workers can't quit
 * 2) Businesses can't close for any reason
 * 3) Patents and copyrights are to be signed over to the government
 * 4) No new inventions are to be allowed
 * 5) Businesses will produce the same output as the last year, no more, no less
 * 6) Every private citizen will spend the same per year as they did the year before.
 * 7) Wages, profits, dividends are frozen as is
 * 8) A new Unification Board will be the judge of all disputes
 * Fred Kinnan who represents labor insists that the Unification Board be all labor men, and through threats of causing trouble with the workers he gets his way.
 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * Entry
 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Mr. Thompson
 * Wesley Mouch
 * James Taggart
 * Orren Boyle
 * Dr. Floyd Ferris
 * Mr. Weatherby
 * Fred Kinnan
 * Eugene Lawson
 * Others

Section 262: Part 2, Chapter 6, Section 2

 * Plot summary:
 * Dagny wakes in her office around 9:30am, having worked into the early hours. She learns of Directive 10-289 via a call from Francisco and resigns. She tells Eddie that she'll be at the Taggart cabin in Woodstock, although he is not to tell anyone else.
 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * Dagny's office at Taggart Transcontinental
 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Dagny Taggart
 * Eddie Willers
 * Francisco d'Anconia (via phone)

Section 263: Part 2, Chapter 6, Section 3

 * Plot summary:
 * Workers are quitting at Reardon Steel at a slow but steady pace, just disappearing. Dr. Ferris visits Hank without an appointment but Hank sees him. He wants Hank to sign a Gift Certificate giving away his rights to Reardon Steel. He blackmails Hank by threatening to expose Dagny as his mistress, to ruin her reputation. Hank signs.
 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * Hank's office at Reardon Steel
 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Hank Reardon
 * Gwen Ives
 * Dr. Ferris

Section 271: Part 2, Chapter 7, Section 1

 * Plot summary:
 * Eddie Willers is in the cafeteria at Taggart Terminal talking to "the anonymous worker", telling him just about everything. He talks about Dagny quitting and even includes where she is (the Taggart cabin outside Woodstock). He also tells him about the orders to take the extra diesel engine from the mouth of the Taggart Tunnel for Chick Morrison's publicity tour.
 * He tells how Hank Reardon signed over his metal to the government, how Orren Boyle was going to start making it until his mill was blown up by Ragnar.
 * The anonymous worker mentions that he will be gone on vacation for a month.
 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * The cafeteria at Taggart Transcontinental
 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Eddie Willers
 * The Mysterious Worker

Section 272: Part 2, Chapter 7, Section 2

 * Plot summary:
 * Hank Reardon is walking home in the dark from his mills to his apartment in Philadelphia. Ragnar steps out from some bushes to give Hank a bar of gold. He explains that the gold is repayment for money taken from him by force.
 * Ragnar says he wants to kill off the idea of Robin Hood, that he himself is the opposite of Robin Hood. Ragnar takes from the (thieving) poor and gives to the (productive) rich.
 * He explains that he never attacks private ships. Nor does he attack military vessels because the military is a proper function of government. He attacks looter's ships filled with goods that were taken by force from productive men, or relief ships.
 * He explains that he sells the goods for gold, either to some American friends or to black marketeers in the People's States of Europe (who he considers forced into crime by their laws).
 * A cop car comes by, looking for Ragnar, the policemen recognize Hank. Instead of turning Ragnar in Hank protects him, telling the police that Ragnar is his bodyguard.
 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * The road between Reardon Mills and Hank Reardon's apartment
 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Hank Reardon
 * Ragnar Danneskjold
 * A couple cops

Section 273: Part 2, Chapter 7, Section 3

 * Plot summary:
 * A Taggart train loses its diesel engine just short of the Taggart Tunnel in Colorado. Kip Chalmers is on board and demands that a replacement engine be found.
 * The spare diesel engine kept by the tunnel for exactly this situation has been ordered elsewhere by the government. The story leads us through the various Taggart personnel who don't want to make a decision. The only engine available is a coal burner. This is very risky because of the fumes and the length of the tunnel. But Kip Chalmers orders it so that he can make it to a big rally. Finally an engineer with a record of safety lapses who is also drunk agrees to drive it.
 * The men swapping the engines and switching the tracks know that they are creating a dangerous situation but do nothing to stop the train.
 * We are told about some of the people on the train, and why they are worthless. Lastly, the train goes into the tunnel and we know they are going to die.
 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * The Taggart Comet
 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Kip Chalmers
 * Various railroad workers
 * Various passengers

Section 281: Part 2, Chapter 8, Section 1

 * Plot summary:
 * Having quit her job, Dagny is staying at a cabin on a self imposed vacation, but she is having a hard time enjoying herself, she feels the urge to work. Francisco visits, telling her that he is destroying d'Anconia Copper to avoid giving it to the looters.
 * On the radio, Dagny hears of the Taggart Tunnel disaster, she immediately leaves for New York to deal with it.
 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * The Taggart Cabin
 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Dagny Taggart
 * Francisco d'Anconia

Section 282: Part 2, Chapter 8, Section 2

 * Plot summary:
 * At Taggart Transcontinental, Jim is contemplating his resignation over the tunnel disaster. He yells at Eddie to tell him where Dagny is, which Eddie refuses to do. Dagny shows up, and starts planning how to deal with the disaster. Wesley Mouch calls from Washington full of promises. Dagny calls Hank to let him know she is back. He tells her about the "Gift Certificate", signing over Reardon Metal to the government.
 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * Taggart Transcontinental
 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Jim Taggart
 * Eddie Willers
 * Dagny Taggart
 * Hank Reardon(via phone)

Section 291: Part 2, Chapter 9, Section 1

 * Plot summary:
 * Dagny wakes in her apartment, feels for the first time that her work is pointless. Francisco visits, essentially admits that he is with "the destroyer". Hank shows up and is angry that Francisco is there and slaps him. Francisco leaves without fighting back. Dagny gets letter from Quentin Daniels that he will no longer work for her on the motor. He will keep working, but plans to keep any discoveries he might make to himself. Dagny arranges to take the Taggart Comet to see Daniels to convince him to continue.
 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * Dagny Taggart's apartment
 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Dagny Taggart
 * Francisco d'Anconia
 * Hank Reardon

Section 292: Part 2, Chapter 9, Section 2

 * Plot summary:
 * Eddie Willers is at Dagny's apartment getting instructions while she packs. He sees a man's robe with the initials H.R. and realizes that she is having an affair with Hank. He feels jealous and realizes that he loves her.
 * Later he goes to the company cafeteria and meets the anonymous worker. Eddie tells him about Quentin, and about Hank. The worker excuses himself.
 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * Dagny Taggart's apartment
 * The cafeteria at Taggart Terminal
 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Eddie Willers
 * Dagny Taggart
 * The Anonymous Worker

Section 2A1: Part 2, Chapter 10, Section 1

 * Plot summary:
 * Dagny is on the Comet train heading out West. She meets a "bum" hiding in the vestibule of her car who used to be a skilled lathe operator. He once worked at the 20th Century Motor Company. He described the "new plan" put into place 12 years ago by the children of the company founder after his death. It was based on the idea of "to each according to his need, from each according to his ability". He was there at the company meeting when John Galt said, "I will stop the motor of the world". As their company started to fail, the bum and his coworkers started the phrase "Who is John Galt" to express hopelessness.
 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * A Taggart train
 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Dagny Taggart
 * Owen Kellogg

Section 2A2: Part 2, Chapter 10, Section 2

 * Plot summary:
 * Dagny wakes to find that the train has stopped. She find that Owen Kellog is on the train. They walk up the tracks to find an emergency phone and she arranges for a new crew. She walks to a small nearby airport and buys a plane. She flies to Afton to see Quentin Daniels, to convince him to continue working on the motor for her. When she lands, the airport staff member tells her that Quentin Daniels just left in the plane that took off as she landed. She follows that plane, back to Colorado. She encounters a strange phenomenom that stalls her engine, and she goes down in a crash landing.
 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * A Taggart train
 * An airport
 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Dagny Taggart
 * Owen Kellogg

title: Atlas Shrugged/Synopsis/Section 2A


text:
User:14diamondj/sandbox

Science. Its an interesting subject whether your in school,work or just searching random facts did you know that you can fit every planet in our solar system between the earth and the moon! Fascinating do you know any science/interesting facts?

title: User:14diamondj/sandbox


text:
Template:CRcat see also/doc

Usage
This documentation sub-template is for transclusion in the "See also" sections of the documentation of the templates of the Comics redirect category (rcat) template family. No categories are populated and there are no parameters.

title: Template:CRcat see also/doc


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Abdeali Saifuddin

The result was   redirect to Dawoodi Bohra. Closing as Redirect - I never usually close on 1 !vote but after 3 weeks of being here I see no harm in redirecting. (non-admin closure) – Davey 2010 Talk 23:02, 23 February 2015 (UTC)

Abdeali Saifuddin

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

unotable person, previous precedent set to delete unnotable dai of dawoodi bora, references dont mention him :

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Jalal_Shamshuddin Summichum (talk) 06:26, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Redirect There are some passing mentions in multiple reliable sources. I would vote for a redirect to Dawoodi Bohra.  Occult Zone  (Talk • Contributions • Log) 06:33, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 15:50, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Islam-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 15:51, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of People-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 15:51, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, -- Sam Sing! 10:17, 16 February 2015 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, -- Sam Sing! 01:32, 23 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Emily Diamond

Emily Diamond (born 11 June 1991 in Bristol) is a British track and field athlete, who competes in the 200 metres and 400 metres. Diamond came to prominence in her breakout season of 2016 when, following her first win at the British Championships over the 400 metres distance, she collected a gold medal in the 4 x 400 metres relay at the 2016 European Athletics Championships as part of the Great Britain team, followed by a bronze in the same discipline at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Career
Diamond took up athletics whilst attending Bristol Grammar School, where she notably beat Nicola Phillips in the 1500m at Sports Day. While there she won the junior girls' race at the Bristol Schools' Cross Country Championships. In 2009, representing Avon, she won the English Schools' senior girls' 200 metres title. Both her mother and grandmother had previously competed for England in long jump.

Diamond was selected for Great Britain team at the 2011 World University Games held in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. Competing in the 200 metres she progressed to the final and finished eighth. Diamond also ran a leg of the 4 × 400 metres relay winning a bronze medal as part of a team with Kelly Massey, Charlotte Best and Meghan Beesley.

At the 2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics held in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada, Diamond made the final of the 200 metres and finished in sixth position with a time of 23.62 seconds.

At the 2012 UK Olympic Trials in Birmingham Diamond ran a time of 53.36 seconds to finish fourth in the final of the 400 metres. This result lead to her being selected as a reserve for the women's 4 x 400 metres relay squad at the Great Britain at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Her selection came despite Diamond having only run the distance competitively six times in outdoor competition.

Diamond was part of the English 4 x 400 metres team that won bronze at the 2014 Commonwealth Games, but only ran in the heats. In 2016, she won a gold medal as part of the Great Britain 4 x 400 m team at the European Championships, her first senior gold medal.

She won a bronze medal in the 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio. In the individual event, she reached the semifinals.

She was part of the Great Britain squad that won silver at the 2017 World Championships.

Diamond is a member of the Bristol and West Athletic Club and also represents Loughborough University where she is coached by former international 400 metres runner Jared Deacon.

title: Emily Diamond


text:
Talk:Diego Camacho (tennis)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Diego Camacho. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080526061447/http://tulsahurricane.cstv.com/sports/m-tennis/mtt/camacho_diego00.html to http://tulsahurricane.cstv.com/sports/m-tennis/mtt/camacho_diego00.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:05, 20 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Diego Camacho (tennis)


text:
Pangasinan Provincial Board

The Pangasinan Provincial Board is the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial legislature) of the Philippine province of Pangasinan.

The members are elected via plurality-at-large voting: the province is divided into six districts, each having two seats. A voter votes up to five names, with the top five candidates per district being elected. The vice governor is the ex officio presiding officer, and only votes to break ties. The vice governor is elected via the plurality voting system province-wide.

The districts used in appropriation of members is coextensive with the legislative districts of Pangasinan.

Aside from the regular members, the board also includes the provincial federation presidents of the Liga ng mga Barangay (ABC, from its old name "Association of Barangay Captains"), the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK, youth councils) and the Philippine Councilors League (PCL).

Current members
These are the members after the 2019 local elections and 2018 barangay and SK elections:

 * Vice Governor: Mark Lambino (NPC)

title: Pangasinan Provincial Board


text:
kummi

Noun

 * 1) A kind of Indian folk dance.

Etymology
Borrowed either from (compare 🇨🇬) or from,  (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) godparent, godfather or godmother
 * 2) an invited guest, supporter or speaker for a certain cause

title: kummi


text:
Observational astronomy/Supernova

This observing program will study supernovae in distant galaxies. The brightness of a supernova will be measured by analyzing images taken with a digital camera attached to a telescope. These measurements will then be plotted on a graph to show how the brigthness changes over time. This type of graph is called a light curve. The shape of the light curve depends on the physical process that produces the light and it can help to classify the type of supernova that has occurred.

This is an ongoing project which will continue through the spring of 2007. The process of collecting and analyzing the data will be documented here. If you are interested in joining this learning group please leave a message at the talk page.

Observing session 1

The first target observed is SN 2006sr which was discovered by Doug Rich on 12 December 2006. The supernova is located in the galaxy UGC 14 which is at a distance of about 100 megaparsecs. It is a Type Ia supernova.

A series of images were taken on 21 December 2006 using a 16" Meade telescope with an ST-L digital camera. A sample raw image is shown on this page.  The purpose of taking these images was to determine the feasibility of making observations of dim supernovae from an observatory located in a urban environment.  The results will also be used to refine the procedures for taking images to improve the quality of the data.

These images were taken without a filter and with exposure times of 60 and 20 seconds. The supernova was easily detected in the images. However, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is rather low. This will make it more difficult to get a precise measurement of the brightness. The background noise could be due to light pollution and the amount of background noise might depend on the weather conditions at the time of observation. Another method of increasing the SNR is to take multiple images and use computer software to "stack" them.

Plan
Followup observations of SN 2006sr were made on Dec. 28 and 29. On Dec. 29 a second target was also observed. SN 2006td was discovered on Dec. 24 by Wolfgang Kloehr. It is a Type Ia in the galaxy LEDA 74050. On Jan. 2 the two supernovae were observed again, along with a third target. SN 2006rs is a Type Ia in the galaxy IC 28. It was discovered Nov. 11 by the Nearby Supernova Factory.

title: Observational astronomy/Supernova