text:
Tonle Sap–Mekong peat swamp forests

The Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests ecoregion (WWF ID: IM0165) covers a patchwork of areas permanently inundated with fresh water along the Tonle Sap River and Mekong River floodplains in Cambodia and Vietnam. The terrain is mostly flat, with extensive agricultural fields, reed beds, and degraded shrub forest. Less than 10% of the region is in its original state, and less than 1% is protected. Habitat in the region is distinguished from the Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests ecoregion that runs through the middle, as that ecoregion is only seasonally flooded.

Location and description
There are four main sectors to the ecoregion. The smallest is northwest of Tonle Sap Lake on the outer edge of the lakes wetlands. A second sector is to the east of the Tonle Sap River. A third stretches across the Cambodia-Vietnam border on the left bank of the Mekong, and the fourth spreads along the south side of the Mekong Delta. The ecoregion is set back from the saltwater-affected coast, which is in the Indochina mangroves ecoregion. In much of the Vietnamese portions of the ecoregion, the water table rises to the surface, and the soils area heavy with organic material.

Climate
The climate of the ecoregion is Tropical savanna climate - dry winter (Köppen climate classification (Aw)). This climate is characterized by relatively even temperatures throughout the year, and a pronounced dry season. The driest month has less than 60 mm of precipitation, and is drier than the average month.

Flora and fauna
85% of the region has been brought under cultivation; only 15% of the land is forested. On alluvial clay soils in the region there are extensive wetlands featuring sedge and grass species such as Phragmites karka, hardy sugar cane (Tripidium arundinaceum, and Coix gigantea. A type of swamp found nearest the brackish mangroves are known as 'paperbark swamps', dominated by Long-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca leucadendra), a member of the myrtle family.  The paperbark swamps have been reduced but are currently the focus of reforesting efforts as they store water and help to reduce flooding.

Protected areas
Except for small portions of the ecoregion extending into the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve, there are few protected areas.
 * Tonlé Sap Biosphere Reserve, centered on Tonle Sap Lake
 * Borey Cholsar Wildlife Sanctuary
 * Boeung Prek Lapouv Ramsar Site
 * Tràm Chim National Park an important wetland of reed beds used by vulnerable waterbirds
 * U Minh Thượng National Park and U Minh Hạ National Park are two areas of high biodiversity in the southern Mekong Delta
 * Láng Sen Wetland Reserve
 * Gáo Giồng Nature Reserve
 * Trà Sư Cajuput Forest

title: Tonle Sap–Mekong peat swamp forests


text:
Science as religion/Darwinism

Welcome to the Darwinism as Religion discussion group. Participants in this learning project read about evolution and religion and discuss the claim that Darwinism is taught as religion in public schools.

Is Darwinism the religion of public schools?

 * Bonnie Alba suggests that Darwinism is taught as religion in public schools: "parents continue to cede to Darwinism Religion in our public schools". How much time is actually spent teaching evolution in public schools? Is evolution taught in biology classes or in religion classes? (project start, 28 August 2006.....feel free to sign your discussion comments on this page.)

Additional reading

 * Evolution and medicine: the long reach of "Dr. Darwin" by Niall Shanks and Rebecca A. Pyles in Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine 2007; 2: 4.
 * "The Causes and Consequences of HIV Evolution", in Nature Reviews: Genetics, Volume 5, pages 52-64, 2004.

Discussion

 * The question "Is Darwinism the religion of public schools?" makes several assumptions which themselves should be questioned. Perhaps a more valid heading is: Is Darwinism a religion?  Or "What defines a religion?"

Central dogma
-- What about the central dogma of molecular biology? would you still consider it a dogma? comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> 00:52, 24 May 2007
 * When Crick first used the term "central dogma" he called it "dogma" because it was a widely accepted idea for which there was very little real supporting evidence. During the past 50 years there has been accumulation of a huge amount of confirming evidence supporting the idea that genetic information is stored in nucleic acid sequences and can be used by cells to produce corresponding protein sequences.

Correction: Crick dubbed it the central dogma to poke fun at religion.

Knowledge vs belief

 * Decimal arithmetic is also taught in public schools. Does that also make it a religion? Science is knowledge whereas religion is belief. The author (Alba) makes no effort to try to separate both. Pedro.Gonnet 18:33, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

Although Religion is a belief it is often incorrectly claimed to be scientifically based. A consequence of this is the question as to whether religion should be a subject of science. The lack of any scientific proof for religion precludes the ability to consider such as a science. It is not a science. To make such a claim is to fundamentally misunderstand the meaning of science.
 * Religion is increasingly a subject for scientific study. Religion can be studied as a natural phenomenon. --JWSchmidt 02:28, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

In contrast, the study of religion as a social event, the effect on large numbers of people can be studied scientifically. This is true of any grouping of individuals and is not unique to religion. It does not, however, concern itself with the factual validity of the religion itself but rather with the effect it has on groups of people. Since this can be statistically measured and modeled, such studies fall within the realm of science even if the religion itself clearly does not.

When the writer talks about scientific proof he/she is mistaking the scientific process. Mathematicians prove; scientists observe. A better choice of words would be scientific evidence in place of proof. With regard to evidence religious persons might claim there is evidence that supports ones beliefs just as Darwinists claim there is evidence to support evolution, and both sides might question whether the evidence scientifically supports the others beliefs. Is there evidence that supports undirected evolution?—

The nature of scientific theories

 * This page, and the article it originates from, is totally meaningless. As others have pointed out, evolution theory has many fruitful consequences, but this is irrelevant. Even if it did not, knowledge of how nature works is a goal per se. Evoulution theory is a scientific theory in the sense that there are a number of conceivable archeological findings that could in principle falsify it. For example, a fossil primate datable the Mesozoic era, or a fossil cat with wings ascribable to any era. None of the above would falsify creationism. God could have created cats with wings, horns and breathing fire. No conceivable finding could possibly falsify creationism. Not even millions of findings supporting evolution theory will ever falsify creationism because after all - who knows what God thinks? - god could have perfecly deceived human beings into believing that evolution theory is true, simply by placing fossils in the correct times and places to test human "faith". So, creationism is not a scientific theory. It is a mysteric explanation which resorts to mystical intervention which could explain anything and the contrary of anything. It has exactly the same value as the theory that all reality is an imaginary construct of my consciousness, which is the only existing being in the universe (no, not your consciousness. Mine). Basically, as far as science is concerned, creationism is nothing at all. Massimamanno 11:24, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

Reproducible observations vs revelation

 * Science and Religion are both concerned with the proposition of generative mechanisms to any observable phenomena. Science is dependent upon repeatable observations to inform its claims, while religions typically rely on the claims of prophets as revealed to them by god.  Any teacher unable to inform their students as to the repeatable observations that inform modern understanding of the Theory of Evolution really should not be in the business of teaching science.  Ms. Alba presents a series of fundamental misconceptions about the nature of science and the biological sciences in particular.  The idea that there are no transitional fossils, no observed incidents of speciation and the seeming contradictory nature of the "Cambrian Explosion" are all famous Creationist canards, easily explained away by anyone who takes a moment to review any of the pertinent information on the subjects.Mr. Knuffke 14:09, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Has Darwinism really failed to achieve the goals set out by Alba?

 * Before we start, shouldn´t we ask ourselves if darwinism equals evolution ? If not, then we should take full responsability and look for the reductionist (and functionalist) flaws in the neodarwinian paradigm, without the need of invoking creationist magic, e.g. we may consider systemic biology, structural coupling, autopoiesis and evolution by natural drift (see Maturana & Mpodozis, 2000). comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> 00:52, 24 May 2007
 * Rambaut, Posada, Crandall, and Holmes dicsuss how HIV evolves within and among hosts through natural selection and other evolutionary mechanisms. If you had a drug-resistant variant of AIDS, would you want your doctor to be a creationist?
 * Some creationists make a distinction between the rapid and observable evolution of micro-organisms and the evolution of new species (example), saying that the observable evolution of micro-organisms does not indicate that new species arise by gradual natural selection. --JWSchmidt 01:46, 11 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, I guess that depends on how we're going to define "species." Is reproductive isolation enough?  Looking for a speciation event is a bit like Zeno's paradox... at what point does Achilles pass the tortoise?
 * Here's a good quote from that article:  "Whatever we may try to do within a given species, we soon reach limits which we cannot break through. A wall exists on every side of each species. That wall is the DNA coding, which permits wide variety within it (within the gene pool, or the genotype of a species)—but no exit through that wall."  I.E.-- DNA is immutable.

 * I guess this discussion only makes sense if we first enumerate the 'goals set out by Alba':
 * 1) "What scientist and field of science relies on and solely depends on Darwin’s theory of evolution for any advances in human progress?"
 * 2) "What advances in modern medicine, technology and products were derived solely from relying on Darwin’s theory of evolution?"
 * 3) "Did evolution produce gas-powered mowers, sticky notes, aluminum foil, zip-lock bags, war and peace, medicines, mammogram machines, vaccines, zippers, microwaves, coffee machines, etc.?"
 * 4) "Without belief in Darwin’s overall theory, would scientists still have discovered the wonders of the genetic code?"
 * 5) "Would they have embarked on exploring the universe, developing complex mathematical equations, discovered black holes and other anomalies [without belief in Darwin’s overall theory]?"
 * 6) "How has evolutionary theory contributed to discoveries of the building blocks, atoms and molecules?"
 * 7) "Do we really require Darwin’s evolution theory for human societies and the study of all things?"
 * 8) "What has it produced?" or, more rethorically laden "The deep silence of the Darwinian faithful, who cannot give us the answers for their beliefs, speaks to us loudly and clearly."
 * The first two questions are answered rather nicely in the Nature article.
 * The goals 3-6 are of a more lofty nature and are not achieved by Darwinism or evolutionary theory (ET), since they have nothing or very little to do with biology. This may be the result of Alba casting Darwinism and ET in the mold of a religion as a driving force of humanity. I doubt, however, that any religion will fare any better at these goals.
 * The goal/question 7 has to be split in to two subquestion: a) "for human societies" and b) "the study of all things". Darwinism and ET is only of limited applicability for societies and is best known for it's misuse in such fields (although viewing the survival of a society under ET becomes an interesting and relevant question). Regarding the "study of all things", Darwinism and ET are definitely useful for understanding Biology (see, again, the Nature article), yet "all things" may be too high an aspiration. Again, this is probably the result of trying to cast Darwinism and ET as a religion.
 * The 8th and final goal can again also be answered by the Nature article -- almost all advancements in immunology and virology stem from the assumption that all organisms -- and hence all genes -- have a common ancestor. Pedro.Gonnet 07:49, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't understand this. Maybe someone can enlighten me. All I see here is citations from anti-evolution websites (trueorigin.org, evolution-facts.org...) and from a Christian fundamentalist- at least, from what I can see (Alba). This is Wikiversity, right? I'm new here, but I expected this to work somewhat like a university. And at a university, people usually look at all sides of the argument. Not just looking at the facts that seem the most pleasing to our background or personal ideas. So please, if this is just another anti-evolution rant, could you at least make that clear to people who come onto this article? IronChris 03:47, 9 November 2006 (UTC)
 * This is an exploration of a claim about a certain type of relationship between some scientific ideas and religion. It might be possible to label the Alba article as an "anti-evolution rant", but it is hard for me to see how that label applies to this discussion. At the top of the page is the suggestion that participants read "The Causes and Consequences of HIV Evolution".....hardly a citation to an anti-evolution source. If a side of the argument has been left out, please add it in. --JWSchmidt 05:28, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

Is Christianity the religion of public schools?
It depends on your culture, my dear.

What is Science? What is Religion?
Science is systematic empirical inquiry, based on doubt, looking for facts. It is not a movement, but a philosophy on how to attain knowledge. Therefore, science should not be viewed as a body of knowledge (that may or may not be proven incorrect), but rather as a frame of mind and philosophy on how to be as honest and objective as possible in trying to find and apply the rules that govern the natural world. Religion is assumption, without inquiry, based on beliefs handed down through generations. Unlike science, religion is a movement. Being a movement implies having an agenda. Even though a scientist may have an agenda, science (as a process) does not.

This describes science as being at least in part a philosophy. Wouldn't that imply that science starts with certain assumptions? That is, there is only the natural world and by definition, no creator, no intelligent design. I have heard some in the scientific community saying that "God" or "God"-like figure isn't given consideration because it can't be proved. Could it be that God just hasn't been proved yet. I find it fascinating that the science community of any particular age treats their existing beliefs as irrefutable because they have been scientifically proven, and yet our understanding of natural law is constantly evolving. Many of the best minds of the day thought the world was flat until they found it wasn't. Is it possible that science will deny the existence of a spiritual realm until they find it exists? Could it be that some "scientist" somewhere is discovering that the lack of a spiritual realm doesn't match the reality of his observations and thereby sets about to test his hypothesis that another dimension in addition to the physical world exists? I find that people of religious belief and people of science both operate on faith. One has faith that a spiritual realm exists and the other has faith that it does not.<IP_ADDRESS> 04:58, 12 March 2009 (UTC)Ty Lorts

"the science community of any particular age treats their existing beliefs as irrefutable because they have been scientifically proven" <-- We all face the danger that we will adopt and act on an assumption, then at a later time discover new evidence that makes it impossible to continue making use of that assumption. Science often discards old assumptions after new methods are found for exploring the world and providing us with new information that we previously lacked. Science builds upon objective evidence that multiple people can collect and examine. Within science, rather than take things on faith there are rewards for finding new ways to test existing ideas, hypotheses and theories. A "scientific proof" is just an argument that other scientists accept as a valid argument. When new information becomes available, old proofs can be abandoned, possibly because they were built upon faulty assumptions. I think the only real "faith" within science is the idea that the assumptions, beliefs, and ideas we adopt are best based upon objective evidence that is open to constant challenge, questioning and re-evaluation...and even that "faith" is based on much human experience and learning from past successes and failures. Sometimes if you are not an expert in a particular scientific specialty it might seem like you are forced to take the claims made by experts in that scientific specialty "on faith". This is where the track record of that discipline becomes important. It is always fair to ask if scientists in that field previously demonstrated that they can be trusted. The need for open evaluation and criticism of scientific claims never ends. In general, new scientific ideas are tentative and given little weight until many independent investigators can evaluate and confirm the results and conclusions, ideally by using multiple tests of different design. One strategy that many scientists often make use of is Occam's razor. If Darwin suggests that new species can arise and evolve by natural selection while a religion's doctrine says that an unseen intelligent designer is needed, many scientists are going to view it as a welcome simplification to abandon belief in the need for an intelligent designer: doing so saves us from having to provide objective and reproducible evidence for the unseen intelligent designer that is only known to us through religious doctrine. If you brought God to the next AAAS annual meeting for public demonstrations of the creation of new species by intelligent design, many scientists would be thrilled and would re-examine their assumptions. Many scientists do not feel that it is productive to assume that there is an unseen intelligent designer because that "answer" to the question of where living things come from creates the additional problem: where did the intelligent designer come from? I'm interested in the idea that some things might be easily known by subjective means yet be difficult to demonstrate objectively. For example, the human brain might have some sources of knowledge that science has not yet discovered. Scientists make a living by collecting data and doing experiments that other people can reproduce, so they are not usually ready to spend their time investigating supernatural and spiritual claims that have long resisted the available scientific methods of study. I think the general assumption is not that "supernatural things do not exist" but rather something like, "As a scientist, I am unlikely to find objective evidence for claimed supernatural entities, so I'll devote my efforts to other topics of study". "Could it be that some "scientist" somewhere is discovering that the lack of a spiritual realm doesn't match the reality of his observations and thereby sets about to test his hypothesis that another dimension in addition to the physical world exists?" <-- Yes, it could be, but if a method was found to reproducibly provide evidence for a "supernatural phenomenon" then it seems to me that the phenomenon would then pass into the domain of science. --JWSchmidt 00:32, 13 March 2009 (UTC)

What is Religion?
Mirriam-Webster defines religion as:
 * 1b. commitment or devotion to religious¹ faith or observance
 * 2. a personal set or institutionalized system of religious¹ attitudes, beliefs, and practices
 * 4. a cause, principle, or system of beliefs held to with ardor and faith²

 * ¹religious: 1 : relating to or manifesting faithful devotion to an acknowledged ultimate reality or deity
 * 3 a : scrupulously and conscientiously faithful b : FERVENT, ZEALOUS

 * ²faith: 1 a : allegiance to duty or a person : LOYALTY b (1) : fidelity to one's promises (2) : sincerity of intentions
 * 2 a (1) : belief and trust in and loyalty to God (2) : belief in the traditional doctrines of a religion b (1) : firm belief in something for which there is no proof (2) : complete trust
 * 3 : something that is believed especially with strong conviction; especially : a system of religious¹ beliefs

According to Mirriam Webster, then, religion may be (in the relevant senses):
 * 1) A commitment or devotion to faith² in (or observance relating to) an acknowledged ultimate reality
 * 2) A personal set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices relating to an acknowledged ultimate reality
 * 3) An institutionalized system of attitudes, beliefs, and practices relating to an acknowledged ultimate reality
 * 4) A cause held to with ardor and faith²
 * 5) A principle held to with ardor and faith²
 * 6) A system of beliefs held to with ardor and faith²

next
The original statement is just a bit of rhetorical judo. I've also seen "Darwinian Fundamentalism." Personally I find it humorous and hard to take seriously at all. It fits well into the overall Intelligent Design strategy. They already call ID religious beliefs scientific, so why not call also scientific ideas religious?

I am afraid our education system is so poor that it doesn't really matter much. Children with talent and ability in science are likely to find resources on their own. (like wikiversity?)  Average students are not interested and if as adults they join fundamentalist religions, it won't matter what they were taught in school. Cuvtixo 15:20, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I wonder if it would be constructive for Wikiversity to just go ahead and create pages for an investigation of the idea of intelligent design. If we showed the actual problems that arise when you try to use scientific methods to explore and test the idea that life was designed by an intelligent agent, would that provide a useful learning resource? --JWSchmidt 16:19, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

 * If it could avoid flame wars and still remain two-sided. The Jade Knight 05:42, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm skeptical about "two sidedness" of scientific investigations. Everyone should collaborate to test ideas by comparing hypotheses to reproducible observations. Yes, disputes arise within science, but everyone should have the same goal.....finding the descriptions of our world that fit best with what we can all observe. --JWSchmidt 15:55, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Flaming occurs in the field of Science as well as elsewhere—those Scientists who have one position, regardless of whether its right or wrong (and this is true today, as far as centuries of history show), do not easily accept theories that contradict their own. On the other hand, certain ID supporters have shown a particular willingness to flame members of the Science community, and criticize some established scientific theory.  I think most people coming to this project will have already made up their minds which of the two sides is correct, and that it will be very difficult to avoid flaming if both sides are present.  The Jade Knight 22:12, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

Darwinism?
The word itself is pejorative. Evolution theory has changed vastly since Darwin and this word is almost 100% used by IDists & Creationists in order to further the idea that it is a religion. Also, this topic as is almost solely confined to the USA as far as I know (I'm in the UK). (apologies if this is in the wrong place - see talk page. TheresaWilson 14:02, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks Theresa. How do you see calling it "Darwinism" as a means of suggesting that it is a religion? Is it that "evolution" would be perceived as a scientific theory, but the fact that we can call it after someone makes it possible that we are following a pseudo-religious guru? For me (and I am also in the UK), I have never heard "Darwinism" being used, but I often hear references to "Darwinian", which refers to the ever-developmental, survival-of-the-fittest process that we associate with Darwin's theory of evolution. Cormaggio talk 15:46, 30 July 2008 (UTC)
 * If you examine words ending in "ism", few come to mind at the moment, but I'll give it some thought, I think that you will find that most are religious or pseudo-religious. (Buddhism, Hinduism, spiritualism off the top) IDists/Creationists use a similar construction to attempt to equate Evolution(ism) with their beliefs in order to demonstrate their point. This is especially true in the USA where there is a legislated division between Church & State. Their reasoning appears to be that: if evolution (Darwinism) can be shown to be a religion then their religion should be given equal opportunity. TheresaWilson 16:00, 30 July 2008 (UTC)
 * As to why "Dawinism" rather than "Evolutionism" is used: it reminds everyone of Victorian times and allows the current thinking on evolution to be minimised. TheresaWilson 16:31, 30 July 2008 (UTC)
 * That's interesting. There are certainly more "isms" than simply those that denote religion - eg. postmodernism, positivism, tribalism, colonialism - though I would agree that they all reflect a cultural dimension of the world, and hence some sort of worldview. But it's interesting that Wikipedia acknowledges that the use of the word scientism is also used pejoratively. In fact, isn't "ism" itself sometimes used as a word in its own right to indicate a disdain for academic distinctions between things? (Eg. "Oh, it's just another ism".) Cormaggio talk 19:17, 30 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, I was wrong in tying -ism to religion - your cultural ref is much nearer. See -ism* wherein: "In the United States of the mid-nineteenth century, the phrase "the isms" was used as a collective derogatory term ....". The suffix still promotes a less than approving aura to its subject. *(couldn't wikilink to "-ism" for some reason) TheresaWilson 05:16, 31 July 2008 (UTC)
 * (Interwikilink fixed - you can see syntax in edit mode, or see Help:Interwiki linking.) So, it seems your observation adds a kind of meta-critique of this page. It also seems relevant to develop our materials on evolution, which are currently quite woeful. (See Category:Evolution.) Cormaggio talk 09:38, 31 July 2008 (UTC)
 * (Ha! mea culpa - I'd forgotten that I was trying to link to a different wiki) Unfortunately I have no qualifications, or indeed relevant experience, in evolution, or anything at all, so I'll probably just lurk for a while. TheresaWilson 11:38, 31 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I find it amusing that any group could refer to others using "-isms", but be offended when it is labeled in an "-ism" itself. The Jade Knight 14:28, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

Technically, most 20th/21st century scientific thought on evolution refers to the Modern Synthesis (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_evolutionary_synthesis, not Darwinism. Is there such a thing as "Modern Synthesisism" and if so, why doesn't anyone use the term? I think "because Modern Synthesism sounds silly" is a perfectly acceptable answer. Not everything is appropriately referred to as an -ism. For example, it would likewise be silly to refer to "peanut butter and honey sandwichism." <IP_ADDRESS> 22:14, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Science as religion/Darwinism


text:
Martina Malević

Martina Malević (born 7 December 1990) is a Croatian volleyball player. She last played as libero for Croatian club HAOK Mladost.

title: Martina Malević


text:
pyyti

Verb

 * 1)  (With the verb meaning "to hunt for" or "to fish for".)
 * 2)   (With the verb meaning "to ask for", "to request".)

title: pyyti


text:
Cookbook:One-Hour Thanksgiving Dinner

This recipe is for an entire thanksgiving dinner that takes one hour to cook. The recipe uses various pre-cooked ingredients and instant foods, and is designed for those cooking Thanksgiving dinner for the first time, such as college students.

Ingredients

 * 1 ea. 5–6 lb fully pre-cooked smoked turkey breast (see notes)
 * 2 cans of desired vegetables
 * 1–2 package(s) of instant potatoes or stuffing
 * 1 package of 12 instant frozen biscuits
 * 1 package of turkey gravy mix
 * Nonstick cooking spray or vegetable oil

 * 1 pre-made pumpkin pie (optional)
 * 1–2 cans cranberry sauce (optional)

Equipment

 * 1 small disposable aluminum turkey pan with built-in rack
 * Probe thermometer

Procedure

 * 1) Thaw the frozen turkey breast for one day in the refrigerator.
 * 2) Preheat the oven to 350°F.
 * 3) Remove turkey from bag and place in aluminum roasting pan. Spray the turkey with cooking spray, or rub the breast with it vegetable oil.
 * 4) Place turkey breast in the oven on the middle rack, and cook for 15 minutes.
 * 5) Begin preparing the gravy mix according to package directions.
 * 6) Place the vegetables on the stove over low heat.
 * 7) Prepare the instant potatoes or stuffing according to the package directions.
 * 8) On a small pan lay out your frozen biscuits allowing them to touch one another. At this point the turkey breast should have been cooking for 30 minutes.
 * 9) Place the frozen biscuits on the lower rack of the oven. The biscuits will cook just fine with the turkey in the oven and will be ready in 25–30 minutes. Check them after 20 minutes to be sure they do not burn.
 * 10) Finish preparing your instant potatoes or stuffing, instant gravy, and vegetables. Place them in serving dishes if desired.
 * 11) Place the cranberry sauce in a serving dish. If you are serving pie along with the dinner you will also need to place the pie on a serving dish. If a frozen pie has been purchased, follow the instructions for reheating
 * 12) After 1 hour of cooking, remove the turkey and check the internal temperature with a thermometer to make sure it has reached 160°F (the minimum temperature necessary to kill any remaining bacteria).
 * 13) Carve the turkey and serve with all of the prepared side dishes.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Turkey breast: certain brands are readily available in almost every U.S. supermarket, but they must be fully-cooked frozen turkey breast, as they will only be cooked for 1 hour. The words "heat and serve" may be on the package. Avoid processed turkey breast loaf.
 * Biscuits: The frozen home-baked butter variety works best. It is important that the biscuits in a can are not used.
 * There are many uses for the leftover turkey. Sliced turkey leftovers can be used to make sandwiches or turkey biscuits.
 * The portion along the bone can be used to prepare turkey soup by placing it in a soup pot along with 4 cups of water, 1 chopped onion, 2 tablespoons salt, and pepper to taste. Bring to a boil, then lower the heat and allow to simmer for 2 hours. Add another cup of water, spices to taste, vegetables such as carrots or potatoes, and noodles. Simmer for an additional hour and a half.

title: Cookbook:One-Hour Thanksgiving Dinner


text:
bărbåt

Etymology
From. Compare to bărbat in Daco-Romanian and Megleno-Romanian, and bãrbat in Macedo-Romanian.

Noun

 * 1) man

title: bărbåt


text:
Talk:Manuel Santana

Minor modifications
Hello

- I've changed "French Open" and "US Open" expressions into "French Championships" and "US Championships" because even though they are the modern common expressions, at the time these championships were strictly forbidden to the official professional players and then these tournaments were not "open" at all but "close". I should have written "French amateur Championships" and "US amateur Championships" but I didn't want to be too heavy (for information the pro counterparts, i.e. the 1961, 1964 French Pro and the 1965 U.S. Pro tournaments were all won by Ken Rosewall)

- In 1968 and in 1984 (Edberg winner) tennis was only a demonstration sport and not an official Olympic Games competition so nor Santana neither Edberg are official Olympic Games winners.

- Are you sure that Santana's victory at Wimbledon was a surprise ? He has won Forest Hills amateur (your "U.S. Open") 10 months before on grass and in the 1965 Challenge Round in Sydney on grass at White City, 6 and 1/2 months before he has beaten Emerson in four sets and extended Stolle to five sets. Emerson and Stolle were perhaps the 1966 Wimbledon favourites but Santana was just behind them. Santana's victory would have been a surprise if the professionals players Laver, Rosewall, Gonzales and Gimeno had been allowed to play.

Carlo Colussi 08:15, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Manuel Santana. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060511160912/http://www.tennis-masters-madrid.com/not_bios_manolo_santana.htm to http://www.tennis-masters-madrid.com/not_bios_manolo_santana.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070927151200/http://www.todoellas.com/contenidos/espanol/48/milaximenez_4292.asp to http://www.todoellas.com/contenidos/espanol/48/milaximenez_4292.asp

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:46, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

Grass courts
Two thirds of the Lead was taken up with the bold views of Santana (and others) against grass courts, yet there is nothing in the article about this, in particular why he held this position. In the meantime, I have deleted the second part of that Lead para as a clear copyvio (one minor change of phrase position only). Easier to write a better lead when there is substantive text to summarise.Davidships (talk) 14:23, 14 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Manuel Santana


text:
User:Mathiastck

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mathiastck Mathiastck 17:38, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Mathiastck


text:
Talk:Keanu Reeves/GA1

GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''

Reviewer: Trillfendi (talk · contribs) 16:26, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

I will be picking up this review this week. My first, bear with me please. Trillfendi (talk) 16:26, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Pinging as no comments have been left after over 3 weeks. Do you still plan on reviewing the article? SNUGGUMS (talk / edits) 22:07, 7 September 2020 (UTC)
 * To make a long story short, between then and now severe storms started affecting my neighborhood’s power and since libraries are closed I’ve had to use whatever public space is available. I haven’t forgotten, I just got sidetracked and I will have comments for user L150 starting this weekend. Trillfendi (talk) 19:53, 10 September 2020 (UTC)
 * In that case, quite understandable. SNUGGUMS (talk / edits) 21:40, 10 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Pinging Trillfendi, as today marks two months without any action on the review. Will you be able to do the review soon, or should the nomination be returned to the unreviewed stack to find a different reviewer? There is currently a GAN backlog drive going on, which would make it more likely than usual that it could find another reviewer soon. BlueMoonset (talk) 19:20, 15 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I think it may be best this time for another editor to take the mantle. I intended to review it but life and its infinite mishaps seem to get in the way whenever I do. Hopefully it gets a proper review soon. Trillfendi (talk) 21:26, 15 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Trillfendi. I've put it back into the pool of nominations awaiting a reviewer. BlueMoonset (talk) 16:02, 16 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Keanu Reeves/GA1


text:
Dowlatabad, Nishapur

Dowlatabad (, also Romanized as Dowlatābād and Kalāteh-ye Dowlatābād and Jazireh-ye Dowlatābād) is a village in Mazul Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 415, in 110 families.

title: Dowlatabad, Nishapur


text:
Nahalat Binyamin

Nahalat Binyamin (נחלת בנימין, also spelled Nachalat, Nachlat, and Nahlat Binyamin) is a partially car-free street and a neighbourhood in Tel Aviv, Israel.

Name
Nahalat Binyamin is translated as "the estate of Benjamin".

Nahala (with different ways of transliterating/spelling it), is a Hebrew word for either heritage or estate.

The second part of the name, Binyamin (the original Hebrew form of the English name Benjamin) has two possible origins: officially it refers to the Hebrew name of Theodor Herzl, the founder of modern political Zionism. However, local lore has it that the founders of Nahalat Binyamin asked for money from both the Jewish National Fund (JNF) organisation, closely linked to Herzl's activity, and from Baron Edmond de Rothschild, whose Hebrew name was also Benjamin, a man famous for being a major benefactor of Jewish settlement in Ottoman Palestine.

Location
Nahalat Binyamin Street runs north to south. It begins in the north at Magen David Square, where it intersects with four other streets: Allenby, King George and its continuation HaCarmel, and Menahem Sheinkin. As of 2020, it has a car-free section down to Gruzenberg Street, and the municipality is planning to add to this the section between Kalischer Street and Rothschild Boulevard. Continuing southwards, Nahalat Binyamin crosses Jaffa and Florentin Streets, and ends ar Shalma Road.

The street's pedestrian section runs very close to the Carmel food market and Allenby Street, which is one of Tel Aviv's major arteries, and is close to the Kerem HaTeimanim quarter (lit. "Vineyard of the Yemenites"), an old, poorer neighborhood boasting a great number of good eateries, all of which helped Nahalat Binyamin becoming fully commercial, and since 1987 adds to its attractiveness as an arts-and-crafts fair.

History
Ahuzat Bayit, the home-building association of wealthy Jewish families which started off the city of Tel Aviv, started building in 1909. The purpose was escaping the crowded and unsanitary Old City of Jaffa. At about the same time, the Nahalat Binyamin Association, consisting mainly of tradesmen and clerks, craftsmen, shopkeepers, booksellers, a baker and a laundress, had trouble financing their own, similar project. The Jewish National Fund, which had helped out Ahuzat Bayit, was not forthcoming, as was the bank they approached. In 1911, a journalist and Zionist activist known as Rabbi Binyamin (actual name: Yehoshua Redler Feldman), a pioneer of the Second Aliyah (see ), wrote an angry article accusing the two institutions of favouring the well-off. Soon after its publication, the association acquired a long strip of land among the sand dunes running parallel to the coast. The 20 dunams (five acres) the association had purchased were divided into 35 plots. They started building right away, at first modest Arab-style homes with two rooms and a kitchen. The first houses of both Nahalat Binyamin and Achuzat Bayit were one-storey buildings with residential purpose, with Jaffa still being the main hub for work and business. Most houses were built of local kurkar, by Arab workmen from Jaffa, without an architect's plan and just following their experience. That same year, 1911, the association also signed an agreement with the renamed Ahuzat Bayit, by then already called Tel Aviv, partly joining it and agreeing to connect its streets to Tel Aviv's and to participate in the infrastructure costs, in exchange for being connected to Tel Aviv's water supply system and other services. The next year, with 23 houses already standing, Nahalat Binyamin became an integral part of Tel Aviv. The neighborhood consisted of Nahalat Binyamin Street itself, which ran parallel to Herzl Street, Tel Aviv's main axis, as well as Kalisher Street.

In its early years, Nahalat Binyamin Street was the longest road in Tel Aviv. Along with its residential role, right from the beginning it housed small shops, with many of its first inhabitants being metal craftsmen, as well as booksellers and various shopkeepers.

In the 1920s, a decade of repeated anti-Jewish Arab riots in Jaffa, many Jews left that city and moved to a constantly growing Tel Aviv. At this time Nahalat Binyamin Street became Tel Aviv's main commercial thoroughfare. The houses underwent a process of transformation, additional storeys being added and the shops occupying the bottom floor. The residential buildings of the neighbourhood had been initially planned to be surrounded by gardens, and were built on raised platforms or podiums lining the pavements. Also in the 1920s, the dirt road called Nahalat Binyamin was paved, the workers being mostly women.

The location and length of Nahalat Binyamin made it into a preferred spot for city ceremonies and events, eventually becoming fully commercial.

Before being transformed into a pedestrian mall in 1987, Nahalat Binyamin was one of Tel Aviv's noisiest streets, with some 60,000 vehicles passing through daily. The city decided to close off Nahalat Binyamin and two adjacent streets to vehicles, at the same time establishing the arts-and-crafts fair, the first of its kind in Israel. What began with several dozen stands, by 2011 had reached over 200.

Architecture
Nahalat Binyamin Street has a variety of simple old houses, eclectic buildings dominant until the 1920s with a mix of Eastern and Western elements, flashes of Art Deco elements, and modernistic International Style houses from the 1930s, the latter style locally better known as Bauhaus.

Notable buildings

 * Polishuk House (Beit Polishuk), at the corner with Allenby Street, 1934, architects Shlomo Liaskovsky and Jacob (Yaakov) Orenstein, which after being restored by Israeli architect Nitza Szmuk and with a new interior design by Karim Rashid, now houses the Poli House Hotel.
 * Palm Tree House (Beit HaDekel) at 8, Nahalat Binyamin. Built in 1922 after plans by architect Yehoshua Zvi Tabachnik (Tavori), it is among the most extravagant houses on the street, with Oriental and specifically Jewish Art Nouveau design elements, such as the name-giving palm tree on the facade, altar horns, menorahs and two Stars of David.
 * Leitz-Soroka House, 1921, architect Y. Z. Tabachnik, at 10, Nahalat Binyamin. First built by as a one-storey house, it was raised by one floor in 1925 and covered by a tiled roof. Despite having two different owners and spreading across two lots, the house was built and functioned as a single building with a shared stairwell. The impressive Eclectic-Style façade was damaged by changes made from 1926 onwards, when the ground floor was adapted for commercial purposes, as it happened along the entire street. Large show-windows were opened into the main façade, badly affecting their beautiful original design. As of 2020, the building is being restored and expanded, as part of the gentrification process in the area.
 * Shmuel Levy House, 1926. Eclectic style, known for its ceramic tiles with biblical themes produced by a Bezalel School of Arts and Crafts graduate.
 * Urn House, 1927, designed by architect Zeev Rechter, at 16, Nachlat Binyamin/Rambam Square. The name is derived from the urns or amphorae decorating its corners.
 * Pillars House (Beit HaAmudim; also Zalman Noah House), 1925 or 1927, designed in the Eclectic Style by architect Yehuda Magidovitch, from 16, Rambam Street to HaTavor (Tabor) Street. Named for its Italian Renaissance-influenced pillars and arches. A large building covering an area of ca. two dunams.
 * Spector Hotel, 1914, at 18, Nahalat Binyamin, established by hotelier Elkana Spector. It was used as an infirmary for Jewish victims of the 1921 Jaffa riots, afterwards becoming Tel Aviv's main Hadassah Hospital building, until a new one was built on Balfour Street. Rami Meiri, a Tel Aviv graffiti artist, has painted the facade at the corner between Binyamin and Mohilever Street.
 * Nordau Hotel, 1927, Eclectic Style, by Yehuda Magidovitch, on the corner Nahalat Binyamin–Gruzenberg Street. As of 2015, Tel Aviv's oldest hotel in continuous use.
 * 46-48, Nahalat Binyamin - 17, Ahad Ha'am Street. The new Isrotel boutique hotel connects two buildings, both marked for preservation, into one. The building at 46, Nahalat Binyamin Street uniquely shows the historical development typical for the neighborhood and the city as a whole. Built in 1913 after the sketches of the owner as a one-storey residence, it was made of kurkar stones with a tiled roof. The owner was Yaakov Matmon, the brother of Yehuda Leib Matmon-Cohen, one of the founders of Ahuzat Bayit. Later, the ground floor was transformed into a shop, which required it to be lowered, as it had been built up on a podium alongside the pavement. The facade was adapted accordingly, and the tiled gable roof was replaced by a flat roof. The second building, at 48, Nahalat Binyamin Street, was built in 1911 as the home of Rabbi Binyamin (Yehoshua Redler Feldman), mentioned in the paragraph.

Other attractions
Tuesdays and Fridays, the Nahalat Binyamin Arts & Crafts Fair, the country's largest, attracts with the work of more than 200 artists selected by a public committee.

Nahalat Binyamin and Florentin are the Tel Aviv neighborhoods with the most vivid graffiti art scene, with rich, unusual and thought-provoking murals.

The neighborhood offers easy access to the Carmel food market, to the Kerem HaTeimanim neighbourhood with its simple grilled-meat eateries and established restaurants, and on to Neve Tzedek, a tourist magnet on the way to Jaffa.

title: Nahalat Binyamin


text:
feige

Etymology
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) cowardly, yellow

Adverb

 * 1) cowardly

Verb

 * 1)  to appear cowardly

Verb

 * 1)  to appear cowardly

title: feige


text:
Talk:Frank Parsons Jr.

External links modified
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title: Talk:Frank Parsons Jr.


text:
Jeong Yong-ki

Jeong Yong-ki (born 1970) is a South Korean film director and scriptwriter.

Filmography
As director:
 * Marrying the Mafia 5: Return of the Family (2012)
 * Couples (2011)
 * The Righteous Thief (2009)
 * Once Upon a Time (2008)
 * Marrying the Mafia III (2006)
 * Marrying the Mafia II (2005)
 * The Doll Master (2004)

title: Jeong Yong-ki


text:
Spanish/Grammar Index

 * ../Parts of Speech/
 * Personal pronouns
 * ../Gender of nouns/
 * ../Formation of the feminine in nouns/
 * ../Formation of the feminine in adjectives/
 * Matching adjectives
 * ../Word Order/
 * ../Diminutives/
 * Tener que ...
 * Tener ganas de ...

title: Spanish/Grammar Index


text:
Help:User page

Your user page
If you create a user account then an empty user page is created for you. You can put whatever you like on your user page, as long as it relates in some reasonable way to Wikiversity (and your involvement), and fits within Policies.

See also: Help:Blog

Your user discussion page
Your user talk page is for discussions about you and your participation in Wikiversity.

See Help:Talk page for conventions about how to hold discussions on talk pages.

Navigating subpages to your user page
If you have lots of subpages to your userspace, the following wikitext scripts might be useful:

links to a list all subpages of your userpage.

creates the actual list of all these subpages.

Keep in mind that these two scripts work on your talk page and on your user page; they won't work on most Wikiversity pages.

Personal navigation of Wikiversity
Wikiversity is complex and ever growing. Getting around and finding material can be difficult. Below are some techniques that people find of value when navigating Wikiversity:
 * Recent changes - You can find material that you or others have recently modified via the recent changes element of the navigation menu. As Wikiversity grows this feature will become less useful for this purpose because of the speed/volume of changes.
 * Contributions - A log of your personal edits when you are logged into your user account is kept. To find something where you made a modification click on my contributions at the top left and skim or search (CTRL-F) the list until you find the area you want and click on it.
 * Personal set of links to areas of interest - On your user page (or a subpage) manually create a list of links to pages of personal interest.
 * Watchlist - On pages which you want to keep track of, click on "watch" (top menu). Then, whenever logged in, click on "my watchlist" (top menu) to follow changes on your pages of interest.

Licensing
Use discretion: Everything you write anywhere on this wiki is public and explicitly GFDL licensed for infinite redistribution. Redistribution of indiscretion happens when you don't want it. Write publicly with forethought.

title: Help:User page


text:
Timothy J. Lynch House

The Timothy J. Lynch House is a historic house at 416 N. 4th Avenue in Maywood, Illinois. The house, a large Chicago bungalow, was built in 1927. While thousands of bungalows were built in the Chicago area in the 1920s, including many others in Maywood, the Lynch House is unusual both for its size and its level of ornamentation. The house's design includes a main entrance with arched sidelights, round arched windows in a large front bay, patterned stained glass window panels, and a green tile roof. Like many Chicago bungalows, the design features several elements of Prairie School architecture, such as the geometric designs in its stained glass windows, overhanging eaves, and wood trim on every door and window.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1992.

title: Timothy J. Lynch House


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Maria Lewis (2nd nomination)

The result was no consensus. Primefac (talk) 11:59, 9 October 2017 (UTC)

Maria Lewis
AfDs for this article:
 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

I am the subject of this article and would like this article deleted for a few reasons, as firstly I'm not notable for a Wikipedia article to exist about me and secondly the article contains medical information about myself that I would prefer be kept private. I contacted Wikipedia directly and they said this is the best way to go about deletion. Thank you. MariaLewis (talk) 09:37, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Comment - I completed the AfD for the user. ansh 666 09:47, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Authors-related deletion discussions.  M assiveYR   ♠  10:04, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletion discussions.  M assiveYR   ♠  10:04, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of New Zealand-related deletion discussions.  M assiveYR   ♠  10:04, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Delete WP:BLPREQUESTDELETE - a search for sources shows passing mentions or tabloid coverage, which is reflected in the current article. We're not going to suffer bias in the sum of all human knowledge if we remove this. Ritchie333 (talk) (cont)  10:44, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep Significant in-depth coverage of the subject in reliable sources (e.g. 1, 2, 3). The medical information is also covered in reliable sources (e.g. 4, 5, 6), so deleting this article wouldn't assist in keeping such information private.--Pontificalibus (talk) 15:13, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * That looks more like tabloid journalism to me, and the medical information does not have to go in this article. Ritchie333 (talk) (cont)  11:20, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I will leave others to judge the sources but she currently has links to the medical information on her own webpage and her own linkedin, so the fact that she is supposedly requesting the deletion of this article on medical privacy grounds is not particularly credible.--Pontificalibus (talk) 12:17, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Keep I think the person meets Wikipedia requirements with significant in-depth coverage as pointed out above most of the sources show this. A couple like the Linkedin aren't normally good sources but in this case are just used to show career/jobs they have had. As for the medical information, the person spoke publicly about them themselves and are in the public record, just because they maybe having regrets now doesn't mean they shouldn't be referenced here. Article was voted keep before [Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Maria Lewis] after being submitted by one time user previously and think it should be voted keep again. NZ Footballs Conscience  (talk) 21:49, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Women-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 01:58, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, North America1000 11:07, 25 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete If the subject of this article wants the article deleted (see above), we had better go along with the subject's request to have the article deleted. Vorbee (talk) 10:49, 2 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Why had we better do that? What if Donald Trump requested his article be deleted?--Pontificalibus (talk) 12:44, 2 October 2017 (UTC)
 * I'd tell Trump he should have thought about that before spending 5+ years spamming Twitter with his "look at me, I'm right and everyone else is wrong" tirades, then proceeding to be the most unpopular US President in living memory .... which is something this person hasn't done. Ritchie333 (talk) (cont)  13:20, 2 October 2017 (UTC)
 * I was actually thinking about it once, no editing disputes on that article would be beneficial...  J 947 ( c ) (m)   05:10, 7 October 2017 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Primefac (talk) 11:37, 2 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete WP:BLPREQUESTDELETE     Samat lib (talk) 11:52, 2 October 2017 (UTC)
 * That is not a policy for use in a deletion discussion, but merely states what a closing admin might be inclined to do in certain circumstances.--Pontificalibus (talk) 12:44, 2 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Keep - First, when I find things like this within a few clicks I tend to stop looking fairly quickly. Second, if she wanted to establish that she was non-notable, then she shouldn't have gone to such extraordinary lengths to try to show everyone how notable she is. Third, if you don't want people to know you had a stroke, don't become a spokesperson for the National Stroke Foundation and tell your story in as much gory detail as possible for the public.
 * For someone who appears to spend every waking minute trying to insert themselves into public view, I find a deletion request on privacy grounds wholly incredible, in the literal sense. Given the deletion rationale from the first AfD, and the contribution history of the editor who started it, I strongly suspect that the actual issue here is that someone found out that they can't control the content of their own Wikipedia article and decided to throw a tantrum and try to get it deleted.  G M G  talk   15:19, 2 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Delete. Concur with Pontificalibus and GreenMeansGo, subject has given many interviews and even written a number of articles regarding health issues, so I find that part of the delete rationale spurious. I also see there is an amount of information published, but no more than  expected for someone in entertainment industry and deeper examination  shows that much of it is primary, self published, trivial, user contributory or unreliable sources. Article history indicates WP:COI and WP:OWN and WP:SPIP issues. Looking past all that, she actually fails subject specific notability guideline WP:AUTHOR, she hasn't done anything outside of ordinary journalism in her day job and I can't find any policy that says having a medical condition makes one notable.  Club Oranje T 10:26, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable subject with plenty of reliably sourced citations to support the article's information. There is no reason to delete this article.--SouthernNights (talk) 01:09, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete - While I generally am opposed to biographical subjects dictating WP content, it seems to me that a reasonable case can be made for a GNG fail here. Carrite (talk) 11:45, 9 October 2017 (UTC)


text:
Talk:David Benson-Pope

Removed
I removed this:
 * Given that Benson-Pope has previously made scathing comments about the private lives of other MPs (such as Don Brash), these allegations are particularly damaging.

It was unsourced and seem a bit silly to me. Even if Benson-Pope is involved in this club which is a big if, there is no evidence his wife wasn't aware or disagreed. The primary issue with Brash was that he cheated on his wife (the second time) with a extremely powerful person (leading to trust issues both due to the fact he kept cheating and the fact that he had a close, secret relationship with someone who actively campaigns for and is likely to benefit a lot from policies he is espousing). On the other hand, the Benson-Pope thing while obviously very damaging if true, is of a completely different nature if he's not hiding it from his wife... Nil Einne 22:31, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

I removed:
 * However, defenders suggest that Wishart is fanatically devoted to a smear campaign against politicians he dislikes; that the allegations are easy to make and hard to disprove; and they mark a new low for New Zealand politics.

because it was unsourced and fairly generic. If there's a source for the first part of the sentence, about Wishart's devotion to a smear campaign, then it's reasonable to go back in.- gadfium 22:35, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Fair enough, I agree that those statements were broad/unsourced. It will be interesting to see how this story develops. (I would love to see Wishart get his comeuppance.) -- FP (talk)(edits) 00:45, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

You are not going to see 'Wishart get his commeuppance' - at least over this affair. Because the accusations are true. That's why DBP hasn't sued anyone, and he won't be suing anyone. He's just keeping his head down and relying on the papers not to print anything unless he comments, which he is refusing to do. In fact he will not acknowledge mail on the question and neither will his mistress :) Miss clark. Have a go.  You'll see I'm right. Tashkop 21:28, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:David Benson-Pope


text:
Yawuru

Proper noun

 * 1) A Nyulnyulan language of the indigenous people of Western Australia.
 * 2) An indigenous people of the area around Broome in Western Australia, who formerly used the Yawuru language.

title: Yawuru


text:
Legion of Merit of Chile

The Legion of Merit of Chile (Legion de Mérito de Chile), frequently abbreviated to the Legion of Merit or the Legion, was a Chilean multi-class order of merit established on 1 June 1817 by Bernardo O'Higgins to recognise distinguished personal merit contributing to the independence of Chile or to the nation. Membership of the Legion conferred a variety of privileges in Chile and its members were entitled to wear insignia according to the class conferred. The Legion of Merit of Chile was abolished in 1825.

Composition
The Legion of Merit of Chile was established as an order of merit along similar lines to the French Légion d'honneur. The Supreme Director of Chile (as the Chilean head of state was then known) was established as the head of the Legion. The order was established in four classes:
 * Grand Officers of the Legion (Grandes Oficiales de la Legion), I Class - for Brigadiers General and those deemed equivalent.
 * Officers of the Legion (Oficiales de la Legion), II Class - for Colonels and those deemed equivalent.
 * Sub-officers of the Legion (Sub-oficiales de la Legion), III Class - for Sergeant Majors and those deemed equivalent (historically equivalent to the current rank of Major).
 * Legionnaires or Members of the Legion (Legionarios ó Miembros de la Legion), IV Class - for Lieutenants and those deemed equivalent.

All appointees to the Legion were required to swear on their honour to defend Chile, to sustain its liberty and independence and not to forget the duty and 'glorious distinction' for which they were decorated.

Council of the Legion
The Council of the Legion (El Consejo de la Legion) was composed of the Supreme Director as President (ex officio), the Grand Officers of the Legion (the most senior was appointed Vice President of the Legion), twelve Officers of the Legion, six Sub-officers of the Legion and six Legionnaires. The council was charged with reforming the laws and regulations of the Legion as required; presiding over meetings and assemblies of the Legion; approving appointments to the Legion (this task was performed by a five-person panel and excluded the initial appointments to the Legion); considering cases of alleged dishonourable conduct by appointees to the Legion (if found guilty, their appointment could be revoked and they were then prohibited from being reappointed); and overseeing the administration and finances of the Legion (including administering the pensions for appointees).

Establishment
The Legion of Merit was established by the Supreme Director of the newly independent Chile, Liberator General Bernardo O'Higgins, on 1 June 1817, in the wake of the Battles of Chacabuco and Maipú, to recognise distinguished contributions to the liberation of Chile or to the nation. At the time, it was the most senior honour of Chile. O'Higgins was the Chilean-born illegitimate son of Ambrosio O'Higgins, 1st Marquis of Osorno, a Spanish officer born in Ireland, who became governor of Chile and later viceroy of Peru. His mother was Isabel Riquelme, daughter of Don Simón Riquelme y Goycolea, a member of the Chillán Council. Notwithstanding his aristocratic background, O'Higgins abolished the system of nobility in Chile; establishment of the Legion of Merit helped to fill the void with a more egalitarian recognition system. This was in keeping with the ideals of many of the revolutionaries, but alienated the existing aristocracy.

The decree establishing the Legion provided that the initial appointments were for participants at the Battle of Chacabuco with the initial appointments as Grand Officers of the Legion comprising: the Supreme Director of Chile (Bernardo O'Higgins), the Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (José de San Martín) and the senior Generals at the Battle of Chacabuco. The initial appointments as Officers of the Legion were to comprise the commanders of the armies at the battle and a Captain from each unit elected by the members of the unit, whilst a subaltern of the General Staff elected by the officers at Chacabuco was to be appointed a Sub-officer of the Legion. Finally, based on a vote of the officers of each unit, three Captains and three subalterns of the Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers, two Captains and two subalterns of each infantry unit and one Captain and one subaltern of Artillery were to be appointed Legionnaires. In addition, twenty five sergeants, corporals or soldiers (from across all units) were to be selected by the Council of the Legion for appointment as Legionnaires based on distinguished performance during the battle.

The establishing decree further provided that subsequent appointments could only be made by the Council of the Legion where individuals had demonstrated 'distinguished personal merit'; these appointments were not restricted to the military but could include ministers of religion, judges, government administrators, intelligentsia, artists or any other person found to have suitably distinguished themselves.

Privileges of members
The regulations of the Legion provided members with several privileges. Members were awarded an annual pension funded from the proceeds of estates seized from Spanish Royalists who had fled Chile during the Chilean War of Independence. Annual pensions for Grand Officers were 1000 pesos, for Officers they were 500 pesos, for Sub-officers 250 pesos and for Legionnaires they were 150 pesos. Members of the Legion accused of military or civil crimes had the right to claim trial before a private court of the Legion, drawn from the Legion's military membership; where this was not possible and prior to the execution of any sentence, they were entitled to have the verdict and sentence of the ordinary civilian or military court reviewed by the Legion's court who could either confirm or revoke the verdict and sentence. In an era where the Chilean military often had a poor reputation for discipline, military members of the Legion were entitled to freely enter and exit their barracks at any time and others were prohibited from insulting or in any way harassing members of the Legion. Members of the Legion, when traveling, were entitled to stay overnight at any ranch and to be given food and lodgings for themselves and any companions that they might have been traveling with.

Special provisions were made for citizens of the United States of Rio de la Plata to deconflict those aspects of the Legion that were incompatible with foreign citizenship. These included modified pension arrangements, a modified oath (which avoided swearing allegiance to Chile), and limitations on the right to be tried by a court of the Legion (which was only recognised for offences committed within Chile, although charges of dishonourable behaviour could still be heard to determine the individual's fitness to remain a member of the Legion).

Demise
The Chilean Senate, under pressure from Ramón Freire, attempted to abolish the order in early 1823, citing a lack of financial funds to support the pensions allocated to its members. O'Higgins refused to endorse this decision and challenged the Senate's capacity to do so. However, after O'Higgins resigned in January 1823, the Senate removed the Legion's access to the proceeds of the seized estates, with the exception of 3000 pesos annually to establish a naval school. The existing aristocracy in Santiago were concerned that the Legion was becoming a new form of nobility (which had been abolished in Chile) and saw it as a threat to their status. Finally, in June 1825, the President of the Regency Council, José Miguel Infante, removed the remaining financial allocation and rescinded the act establishing the Legion. Whilst no more appointments were made to the Legion, later imagery suggests that existing members of the Legion maintained their entitlement to wear the insignia previously conferred.

Insignia
As with other contemporary orders, the Legion of Merit used a variety of insignia to distinguish those appointed to the various classes of the order.

Badge of the Legion
Obverse. The obverse of the badge consists of a five-point star (point upwards) surmounted with a small loop ring, to fasten the ribbon, each point ending in a ball finial. Upon the center of the star is attached a disc comprising a circlet surrounding a central disc. The circlet is inscribed with the text LEGION DE MERITO DE CHILE. The central disc consists of a sky blue enamel background upon which is depicted a column crowned with a globe, the whole resting on a ground compartment (the central design is taken from the then Chilean coat of arms). The star rests upon a laurel wreath with enamel highlights, linked at the top by a small scroll inscribed with the text VENC EN CHA, i.e. Vencedor en Chacabuco (Victor of Chacabuco) for those who had fought at the Battle of Chacabuco or LIBERTAD (Liberty) for those who had not. Underneath the star and laurel wreath extend fimbriated rays in silver (Legionnaires) or gold (higher classes).

Reverse. The design of the badge's reverse is similar to the obverse with the distinctions that the circlet is inscribed with the text HONOR Y PREMIO AL PATRIOTISMO (Honour and Award for Patriotism), the scroll is inscribed with the text O'HIG S INST and the central disc depicts an erupting volcano in the middle of a mountain range.

The Type I Class III and Class IV badge omits the five-point star. The Type II Class IV badge and the higher class badges used a mix of enamel, silver, gold and (for Class I badges) jewels. Some badges were produced with the circlet and/or scroll text swapped between the obverse and reverse sides.

Method of wear
Those appointed to the Legion were encouraged to wear the insignia of the Legion with all forms of dress. If they did not wish to wear the badge, the regulations provided that they could wear the sky blue ribbon of the Legion passed through the buttonhole of their coat to an attachment device or small pin in either silver (for Legionnaires) or gold (for the remaining classes).

Grand Officers. In dress uniform, Grand Officers of the Legion wore a gold star on the left side with a representation of the arms of the Legion. They also wore a sky blue sash over the right shoulder gathered in a bow over the left hip from which was hung the badge of the Legion. When not in dress uniform, Grand Officers of the Legion could wear the badge suspended from the buttonhole of their coat with a rosette of sky blue ribbon.

Officers. In dress uniform, Officers of the Legion wore the gold badge of the Legion suspended from the neck by a broad sky blue ribbon. When not in dress uniform, Officers of the Legion could wear the badge suspended from the buttonhole of their coat with a rosette of sky blue ribbon.

Sub-officers. Sub-officers of the Legion wore the gold badge of the Legion suspended from the buttonhole of their coat with a sky blue ribbon.

Legionnaires. Legionnaires wore the silver badge of the Legion suspended from the buttonhole of the coat with a sky blue ribbon.

Grand Officers

 * Bernardo O'Higgins, appointed a Grand Officer of the Legion in 1817.
 * Ramón Freire, originally appointed an Officer of the Legion and later advanced to Grand Officer.
 * José de San Martín, appointed a Grand Officer of the Legion in 1817.

Officers

 * Rudecindo Alvarado.
 * Antonio Beruti.
 * Tomás Guido, appointed a Sub-officer of the Legion in 1820 and advanced in 1822 to Officer.
 * Juan Gregorio de las Heras.
 * Mariano Necochea.
 * José Matía Zapiola.
 * José Ignacio Zenteno.

Sub-officers

 * William Miller.

Legionnaires

 * José Antonio Rodríguez Aldea, appointed a Legionnaire in 1821.
 * Giuseppe Rondizzoni.

title: Legion of Merit of Chile


text:
Nizhneye Inkho

Nizhneye Inkho (Нижнее Инхо; Гъоркьа Инхо) is a rural locality (a selo) in Gumbetovsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 1,339 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

Geography
Nizhneye Inkho is located 33 km south of Mekhelta (the district's administrative centre) by road. Verkhneye Inkho and Kilyatl are the nearest rural localities.

title: Nizhneye Inkho


text:
2001 in South Korean music

The following is a list of notable events and releases that happened in 2001 in music in South Korea.

Debuting groups

 * 5tion
 * Clazziquai Project
 * Electron Sheep
 * The Geeks
 * The Jadu
 * Jewelry
 * jtL
 * KISS
 * K'Pop
 * M.I.L.K
 * Nell
 * Oh! Brothers
 * Smacksoft
 * Turtles

Solo debuts

 * Cha Tae-hyun
 * Dana
 * Haneul
 * Harisu
 * Jang Na-ra
 * Kang Sunghoon
 * Kangta
 * Kim Jong-kook
 * Kim Yoon-ah
 * Lee Jaijin
 * Lucid Fall
 * Moon Heejun
 * Na Yoon-sun
 * Shin Ji
 * Sung Si-kyung
 * Psy
 * Yiruma
 * Yoon Mi-rae

Disbanded groups

 * H.O.T.
 * Papaya
 * Roo'ra

title: 2001 in South Korean music


text:
Lockdown Ki Love Story

Lockdown Ki Love Story ( A Lockdown Love Story) is an Indian television drama series that aired from 31 August 2020 to 23 January 2021 on Star Plus. Produced by Rashmi Sharma under Rashmi Sharma Telefilms, it starred Sana Sayyad and Mohit Malik.

Plot
Set in Mughalsarai, the series follows the love story of Dhruv and Sonam who are forced to share a house with their respective families; due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.

Dhruv's mother, Nutan and his aunt, Sheetal oppose their relationship; due to Sonam's modern ways while her father, Pratap finds Dhruv's family very backward in their thinking. The main supporters of the union are Sonam's mother, Subhadra and Dhruv's father, Shashikant. Despite Nutan, Sheetal and Pratap's numerous plots, the wedding of Dhruv and Sonam was still on. Nutan, Sheetal, Pratap and Tanu collaborated to stop their wedding. Their plan is to get Dhruv to marry his childhood friend, Milky; who has always had a crush on Dhruv. Milky persuaded Sonam to go to her mother to do bridal makeup while she impersonates Sonam as the bride. Sonam does so and Milky's mother manages to drug her to sleep. Sonam wakes up too late and witnesses Dhruv marrying Milky. Sonam tries to explain why she wasn't at the wedding, but Milky and Nutan place all the blame on Sonam. This continues to a point when Nutan burns herself intentionally. Dhruv in a fit of rage, throws Sonam and her family out of the house.

Dhruv does not accept Milky as his wife, despite his mother's pleas. Sonam realizes the truth of what happened on the wedding day and decides to expose Milky to Dhruv as a cheat. Later, Sonam learns that she is COVID-19 positive and the police force the Jaiswals to let her stay in the house as she was staying there before.

In an attempt to return Sonam to Mumbai, Dhruv sends kidnappers after her. However, the kidnappers mistakenly take Milky instead of Sonam. Hulchal and Babloo save Milky from the kidnappers but they call Milky's mother and demand she tell the truth about what happened on the wedding day to the Jaiswals in exchange for Milky. Their plan almost succeeds, but Dhruv spoils it by finding Milky and bringing her back before Milky's mother could confess. Dhruv reveals that Sonam never had COVID-19 and it was all an act to get her in the house. Later, when Dhruv wants to send Sonam out of the house Shasikant opposes his decision and decides to conduct a voting poll for Sonam to stay in the house or not. Sonam wins the voting poll and stays in the house. Later, Nutan decides to Dhruv's future with a coin toss and Dhruv stops that. Later, he knows that both sides are tail so that his mother can win and reveals the truth to everyone.

Dhruv hears Sonam's side of the story and challenges her to bring him evidence of this in seven days. If she fails, Sonam will return to Mumbai on the eighth day. Now Dhruv's estranged cousin, Raghav enters the story. He hates Dhruv and plans on using Sonam, with who he is in love, to get revenge against Dhruv. He also has a video of Milky's mother admitting to what happened in the wedding. Due to a misunderstanding created by Raghav; Dhruv throws Sonam out of the house again where Raghav kidnaps her and tries to forcefully marry her. Dhruv rescues Sonam and finally sees the evidence. Dhruv confronts the conspirators and he decides to marry Sonam. In order to stop this, Milky tries to burn herself in the kitchen. She then files a case against Shashikant, Nutan and Sheetal, accusing them of burning her for dowry. In order to bring Shashikant and Nutan, Sonam makes a deal with Milky and Raghav that if Milky releases the Dhruv family then she will marry Raghav.

Dhruv demands that Sonam marry him after Milky pretends that she realised her mistake and wanted to unite them. On the day of Sonam and Dhruv's marriage, Sonam writes a letter to Dhruv apologizing to him and Dhruv rushes to Sonam after he finds out that Raghav is forcefully marrying Sonam, from Raghav's mother, Sumitra. Dhruv and Raghav fight and Raghav shoots Sonam, but Dhruv saves her and is shot. The next morning Sonam notices that Dhruv is acting like a child and has lost his memory. To cheer up Dhruv, Sonam dresses up like a kid and helps Dhruv to face all the problems he was facing because of the other children. In the beginning, Milky loved Dhruv but now she hates him because he is equal to a child and doesn't want him in her life. So she kidnaps Dhruv with her mother's help but Sonam finds Dhruv. An attacker tries to murder Dhruv, but she saves him seeing her love for Dhruv.

Nutan apologises to Sonam for the mistrust. Nutan and Sonam expel Milky from their home. Milky expels Sonam and Dhruv's family from their house and Milky blackmails Dhruv. Due to the stress; Dhruv falls unconscious and is hospitalised. Sheetal apologies to Sonam and helps her mislead Milky and recover their house. Dhruv's memory returns. Dhruv and Sonam decide to marry and Sonam's father approves. Milky schemes to break Sonam and Dhruv's marriage. She makes a fake report of pregnancy and murders Dhruv's servant Batasha as he hears her plans. Seeing this, Milky blackmails Nutan to kill Sonam otherwise she will kill the whole family. Sonam eludes many attacks on her. On the other side, Sheetal and Sonam try to find evidence about Milky faking her pregnancy. Soon, Sonam obtains the evidence and marries Dhruv. The story ends on a happy note.

Main

 * Sana Sayyad as Sonam Goel Jaiswal – Pratap and Subadra's elder daughter; Tanu and Amber's sister; Dhruv's wife (2020–2021)
 * Mohit Malik as Dhruv Jaiswal – Shashikant and Nutan's younger son; Dheeraj and Sneha's brother; Raghav's cousin; Milky's ex-husband; Sonam's husband (2020–2021)

Recurring

 * Jayati Bhatia as Nutan Jaiswal – Shasikant's wife; Dheeraj, Dhruv and Sneha's mother (2020–2021)
 * Vijay Kumar as Shashikant Jaiswal – Shobakant and Sheetal's brother; Nutan's husband; Dheeraj, Dhruv and Sneha's father (2020–2021)
 * Anjita Poonia as Shweta "Milky” Gupta – Kutal's daughter; Dhruv's friend and ex-wife (2020–2021)
 * Ananya Agarwal as Sneha Jaiswal – Shasikant and Nutan's daughter; Dheeraj and Dhruv's sister; Raghav's cousin (2020–2021)
 * Ashutosh Tiwari as Dheeraj Jaiswal – Shashikant and Nutan's elder son; Dhruv and Sneha's brother; Raghav's cousin; Ankita's husband (2020–2021)
 * Deepika Upadhyay as Ankita Jaiswal – Dheeraj's wife (2020–2021)
 * Ananya Khare as Sheetal Jaiswal – Shashikant and Shobhakant's sister; Dheeraj, Dhruv, Raghav and Sneha's aunt (2020–2021)
 * Aniruddh Dave as Raghav Jaiswal – Shobhkant and Sumitra's son; Dheeraj, Dhruv and Sneha's cousin (2020–2021)
 * Adi Irani as Shobhakant Jaiswal – Shashikant and Sheetal's brother; Sumitra's husband; Raghav's father (2020–2021)
 * Leena Badoli as Sumitra Jaiswal – Shobhakant's wife; Raghav's mother (2020–2021)
 * Rakesh Kukreti as Pratap Goel – Subadra's husband; Sonam, Tanu and Amber's father (2020–2021)
 * Kashish Duggal Paul as Subhadra Goel – Pratap's wife; Sonam, Tanu and Amber's mother (2020–2021)
 * Nazea Hasan Sayed as Tanu Goel – Pratap and Subadra's younger daughter; Sonam and Amber's sister (2020–2021)
 * Ravin Makhija as Amber Goel – Subhadra and Pratap's son; Sonam and Tanu's brother (2020–2021)
 * Saniya Nagdev as Kutal Gupta – Milky's mother (2020–2021)
 * Saahil Rao as Batasha – Dhruv's cousin (2020–2021)
 * Yash Choudhary as Hulchul – Dhruv's childhood friend (2020)
 * Abhishek Goyal as Bablu – Dhruv's childhood friend (2020)
 * Rajveer Singh as Munna Bhavani – kidnapper (2021)

Development
Initially titled as Lockdown Ki Love Story, it was renamed Quarantine Mein Prem Kahaani while in pre-production. Shooting began in December 2020.

Days before the end of the series, Malik playing Dhruv tested positive for COVID-19 and did not shoot for the series and he was not shown in the series for last few episodes and for the finale episode, few of his parts was taken from the previous shots while some portions were covered with a dupe of him.

Casting
Mohit Malik was selected to portray Dhruv Jaiswal. Speaking on his preparation for his role, "My character in the show speaks Bhojpuri dialect since he is based in Benaras. When this role was offered to me, we were in the lockdown phase and I utilized that time to sharpen my hold over this particular dialect. Even when we use to do workshops with our scriptwriters, I spent extra time with them to understand the tone and tonality of the dialect/language.

Reception
Weeks after premiere, the series saw a rise in its ratings from TRP of 0.9 to 1.3 gradually in its early prime time slot of 7:00 pm (IST). It was later shifted to the late night slot of 11:00 pm (IST), due to the launch of Star Plus's new show Shaurya Aur Anokhi Ki Kahani at 7:00 pm but the ratings continued to languish.

title: Lockdown Ki Love Story


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/paisa.co

Links

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Additions

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text:
Talk:Anne Frances Byrne

Untitled
I did some research and expanded upon this stub for a 19th century art history class --Kcampbell14 (talk) 15:47, 21 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anne Frances Byrne


text:
User:QueefSushi/sandbox

Mariam Umama Nusaiba was born in a chilly September 11th in 2003. Despite being born on the same day as an international tragedy took place, she showed intensive positivity and was bound to bless the world around her as soon as she came out of the womb. In a way, this was God's way of making up for the 9/11 incident during 2001. Hundreds of lives were lost but this one lass, could make up and do so much more than they all combined ever could've. Her existence, a gift in itself to all of mankind living in her era, and in the time to come after.

title: User:QueefSushi/sandbox


text:
Qasemi, Nishapur

Qasemi (, also Romanized as Qāsemī) is a village in Eshqabad Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 466, in 115 families.

title: Qasemi, Nishapur


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/jamesdickscotland.tripod.com

Links

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 * Link is revertlisted by tripod\.com on [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:XLinkBot/RevertList en.wikipedia.org]
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Additions

 * Displayed all 4 additions.


text:
John Wellington Pickup

John Wellington Pickup (1892 – 1973) was a Canadian lawyer and judge. He was Chief Justice of Ontario from 1952 to 1957.

Born in Millbrok, Ontario, he studied as Osgoode Hall, graduating with the Gold Medal in 1913, and was called to the Bar the same year. He practised at Fasken in Toronto. In September 1952, he was appointed Chief Justice of Ontario directly from the Bar, succeeding his former law partner Robert Spelman Robertson. He retired in 1957.

title: John Wellington Pickup


text:
User:Schewek

My interests here at the Textbook-Wiki are in the natural sciences.

I made my prior wiki-experiences mainly as Schewek at the German language Wikipedia.

title: User:Schewek