text:
Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

The Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles was a co-operative research program between the US government and the three major domestic auto corporations that was aimed at bringing extremely fuel-efficient (up to 80 mpgus vehicles to market by 2003.

The partnership, formed in 1993, involved eight federal agencies, the national laboratories, universities, and the United States Council for Automotive Research (USCAR), which comprises DaimlerChrysler, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors Corporation.

"Supercar" was the unofficial description for the research-and-development program.

On track to achieving its objectives, the program was canceled by the George W. Bush administration in 2001 at the request of the automakers, with some of its aspects shifted to the much more distant FreedomCAR program.

Objectives
The main purposes of the program were to develop technologies to reduce the impact of cars and light trucks on the environment and to decrease the US dependency on imported petroleum. The program was to make working vehicles achieving up to triple the contemporaryng fuel efficiency as and further minimizing emissions but without sacrificing affordability, performance, or safety. The common term for the vehicles was "supercar" because of the technological advances. The goal of achieving the 80 mpgus target with a family-sized sedan included using new fuel sources, powerplants, aerodynamics, and lightweight materials.

The program was established in 1993 to support the domestic US automakers (GM, Ford, and Chrysler) to develop prototype automobiles which would be safe, clean, and affordable; the target was a car the size of the Ford Taurus with triple its fuel efficiency.

Results
The program "overcame many challenges and has forged a useful and productive partnership of industry and government participants" by "resulting in three concept cars that demonstrate the feasibility of a variety of new automotive technologies" with diesel-electric transmission.

The three domestic automakers (GM, Ford, and Chrysler) developed fully-operational concept cars. They were full-sized five-passenger family cars and achieved at least 72 mpgus.

General Motors developed the 80 mpg Precept, Ford designed the 72 mpg Prodigy, and Chrysler built the 72 mpg ESX-3. They featured aerodynamic lightweight aluminum or thermoplastic construction and used a hybrid vehicle drivetrain, pairing 3- or 4-cylinder diesel engines with electric motors drawing from or lithium ion batteries.

Researchers for the PNGV identified a number of ways to reach 80 mpg, including reducing vehicle weight, increasing engine efficiency, combining gasoline engines and electric motors in hybrid vehicles, implementing regenerative braking, and switching to high-efficiency fuel cell powerplants. Specific new technology breakthroughs achieved under the program included the following:

 * Development of carbon foam with extremely high heat conductivity (2000 R&D 100 Award)
 * Near frictionless carbon coating, many times slicker than Teflon (1998 R&D 100 Award)
 * Oxygen-rich air supplier for clean diesel technology (1999 R&D 100 Award)
 * Development of a compact microchannel fuel vaporizer to convert gasoline to hydrogen for fuel cells (1999 R&D 100 Award)
 * Development of aftertreatment devices to remove nitrogen oxides from diesel exhaust with efficiencies greater than 90 percent when used with diesel fuel containing 3 ppm of sulfur
 * Improvement of the overall efficiency and power-to-weight ratios of power electronics to within 25 percent of targets while reducing the cost by 86 percent to $10/kW since 1995
 * Reduction in cost of lightweight aluminum, magnesium, and glass-fiber-reinforced polymer components to less than 50% of the cost of steel
 * Reduction in the cost of fuel cells from $10,000/kW in 1994 to $300/kW in 2000
 * Substantial weight reduction to within 5-10% of the vehicle weight reduction goal

Criticisms
Ralph Nader called the program "an effort to coordinate the transfer of property rights for federally funded research and development to the automotive industry."

The program was also criticized by some groups for a focus on diesel solutions; the fuel is seen by some as having inherently high air pollutant emissions.

Elizabeth Kolbert, a staff writer at The New Yorker, described that renewable energy is the main problem: "If someone, somewhere, comes up with a source of power that is safe, inexpensive, and for all intents and purposes inexhaustible, then we, the Chinese, the Indians, and everyone else on the planet can keep on truckin'. Barring that, the car of the future may turn out to be no car at all."


text:
Staroglushinka

Staroglushinka (Староглушинка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Gonoshikhinsky Selsoviet, Zarinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 212 as of 2013. There are 8 streets.

Geography
Staroglushinka is located 25 km northwest of Zarinsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novokrasilovo is the nearest rural locality.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Staroglushinka


text:
1980 United States Senate election in Kentucky

The 1980 United States Senate election in Kentucky took place on November 4, 1980, concurrently with the U.S. presidential election as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states as well as other elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic Senator Wendell Ford won re-election, defeating Republican nominee Mary Louise Foust.

Candidates

 * Wendell Ford, incumbent Senator
 * Flora Stuart

Candidates

 * Mary Louise Foust, former state Auditor
 * Granville Thomas
 * Jackson Andrews
 * Tommy Klein
 * Yale Lubkin
 * DeSota Vaught


text:
Clementon Township, New Jersey

Clementon Township is a now dissolved township in Camden County, New Jersey, which existed from 1903 until 1941. It was formed by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 24, 1903, from portions of Gloucester Township.

Laurel Springs was created from portions of the township on April 2, 1913, based on the results of a referendum on May 1, 1913. Magnolia was formed on April 14, 1915, from portions of Clementon Township and Centre Township, based on a May 12, 1915, referendum.

Two boroughs were created on February 13, 1925, Clementon Borough and Stratford Borough, both based on referendums held on March 17, 1925. Five more boroughs were created on April 23, 1929; Hi-Nella Borough, Lindenwold Borough, Pine Hill Borough, Pine Valley Borough, and Somerdale Borough.

The township survived until May 16, 1941, when the remaining rump of the township was absorbed by Laurel Springs and the township was dissolved.

title: Clementon Township, New Jersey


text:
Talk:K2-24

Merger proposal
K2-24 is the same object as EPIC 203771098, so these articles should be merged. SevenSpheresCelestia (talk) 21:07, 5 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Support: just do it. Same thing.  This article shouldn't have been created but there is almost nothing in the other one that isn't here in updated form.  Just have to pick a name now.  The K2 name is used almost exclusively in the context of the planetary system and since almost nothing else worthwhile has been published on this object, I'd plump for K2-24.  Double-check to see if there is anything needs copying from the other article and redirect it here.  Lithopsian (talk) 13:52, 6 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Support: I'm surprised that this page was not renamed when EPIC 203771098 was given a K2 designation. There's no reason to have two different pages, and I believe this is akin to having a KOI and Kepler designations of the same object as two separate pages. EPIC 203771098 should be merged and redirected into K2-24 with any missing content on the latter page merged in.  Davidbuddy9 💬 15:20, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:K2-24


text:
Bassoon Concerto (Rouse)

The Bassoon Concerto is a composition for solo bassoon and orchestra by the American composer Christopher Rouse. The work was commissioned by the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra, the St. Louis Symphony, the Sydney Symphony Orchestra, and the Lausanne Chamber Orchestra and was completed on February 2, 2017. It received its world premiere on November 16, 2018, by the St. Louis Symphony and their principal bassoonist Andrew Cuneo under the conductor Cristian Măcelaru in Powell Hall, St. Louis.

Composition
The composition has a duration of approximately 20 minutes and is cast in the traditional three-movement (fast-slow-fast) concerto form. In the score program note, the composer state that the work "is meant in large part simply to provide pleasure. I realize that such an intent is now looked upon with suspicion is some quarters, but I have never felt that every work of art is required to plumb the depths and secrets of human existence. Sometimes twenty minutes spent in the company of, I hope, a genial companion can be the most meaningful way of passing time." He added, "I did, however, try to resist making too much of the bassoon's oft-heralded role as the 'clown' of the orchestra. While there are occasional forays into the more 'comical' lower range of the instrument, more time is spent in the middle and upper tessitura of the bassoon, and melodic lines often tend toward the lyrical. Overall there is a collegial relationship between soloist and orchestra, unlike the common 'soloist against the orchestra' paradigm of many romantic era concerti."

Instrumentation
The work is scored for solo bassoon and a small orchestra consisting of two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two additional bassoons ("in order to provide the occasional potential for building a sort of 'mega-bassoon'"), two horns, timpani, one percussionist, harp, and strings.

Reception
Reviewing the world premiere, Sarah Bryan Miller of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch described the performance as "a resounding success" and wrote, "The composer rang all the changes in mood and style, but kept things accessible. The concerto started out playfully, moved into mystery, explored some jagged rhythms; there were dialogues with those other bassoons, with the winds, the harp and other instruments, for an engaging whole."

title: Bassoon Concerto (Rouse)


text:
Kulibit

The kulibit is a type of tube zither played by the Kalinga people of the Philippines. The instrument consists of a long tube of bamboo which has been slit to allow five or six strands of the bamboo husk to be played as "strings".

The instrument is also played by the Bontoc and Tinguian people who call it the kollitong, and the Manobo and Tiruray people, who call it the saluray, togo, or takumbu.

These types of instruments, in which a portion of the body of the instrument serves as a strings, are referred to as idiochords. A similar instrument is found in Madagascar, the valiha, though modern valihas may use separate metal or plastic strings.

title: Kulibit


text:
1980–81 Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball team

The 1980–81 Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball team represented Purdue University during the 1980–81 college basketball season. The Boilermakers were led by first-year head coach Gene Keady and finished with an overall record of 21–11 (10–8 Big Ten).

Schedule and results
!colspan=9 style=|Non-Conference Regular Season

!colspan=9 style=|Big Ten Regular Season

!colspan=9 style=|National Invitation Tournament


text:
Talk:Empire Design

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title: Talk:Empire Design


text:
sequestrare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to confiscate
 * 2) to sequestrate
 * 3) to kidnap
 * 4) to commandeer

title: sequestrare


text:
Rural Municipality of Blucher No. 343

The Rural Municipality of Blucher No. 343 (2016 population: ) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 11 and SARM Division No. 5. It is located in the north-central portion of the province on the South Saskatchewan River.

History
The RM of Blucher No. 343 incorporated as a rural municipality on December 13, 1909. In 1958, the Patience Lake Mine was the first potash mine built in Canada.

Geography
Numerous water bodies are located in the RM of Blucher No. 343. The larger lakes include Cheviot Lake, Bradwell Reservoir, Crawford Lake, Judith Lake, and Patience Lake.

Communities and localities
The following urban municipalities are surrounded by the RM.

 * Towns
 * Allan

 * Villages
 * Bradwell
 * Clavet

The following unincorporated communities are located within the RM.

 * Special service areas
 * Elstow (dissolved as a village, December 31, 2014)

 * Unincorporated hamlets
 * Blucher
 * Cheviot

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the RM of Blucher No. 343 had a population of $1,984$ living in $748$ of its $795$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $2,006$. With a land area of 789.4 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the RM of Blucher No. 343 recorded a population of living in  of its  total private dwellings, a NaN% change from its 2011 population of. With a land area of 789.64 km2, it had a population density of in 2016.

Government
The RM of Blucher No. 343 is governed by an elected municipal council and an appointed administrator that meets on the second Wednesday of every month. The reeve of the RM is Blair Cummins while its administrator is R. Doran Scott. The RM's office is located in Bradwell.

Attractions

 * Christ Church — West Patience Lake (municipal heritage property)

Bradwell National Wildlife Area (NWA)
Bradwell National Wildlife Area (51.9084°N, -106.2506°W) is a 123 ha protected area established in 1968. It is in the RM of Blucher, about 48 km south-east of Saskatoon. With the completion of the Gardiner Dam and Lake Diefenbaker in 1967, wetland habitat in the area was lost. Ducks Unlimited Canada was involved in a project with Canadian Wildlife Service to bring water to the marshes in the area to ensure stable water levels year-round. The water for Bradwell NWA comes via aqueduct from Lake Diefenbaker, which is about 100 km to the south-west, and controlled by a series of dykes, ditches, and water control structures. Directly upstream in the aqueduct system is Blackstrap Lake and downstream is Bradwell Reservoir.

Bradwell NWA is in the Moist Mixed Grassland ecoregion. The landscape has groves of trembling aspen and idled hayfields. A total of five wetlands are protected within the NWA and birds found there include the bobolink, horned grebe, redhead, canvasback, northern pintail, ruddy duck, lesser snow goose, white-fronted goose, marbled godwit, and the Wilson's phalarope.

title: Rural Municipality of Blucher No. 343


text:
Talk:Man on Fire (2004 film)

Creasy's wounds
I edited the plot summary. Originally it was written as if Creasy made full recovery from the wounds he got during the fight when Pita was kidnapped. I believe it is pretty clear from the movie that this is not the case. The doctors make it clear he is in bad shape, and his friend Rayburn (Christopher Walken) tells Creasy that he won't last very long the shape he is in. I certainly interpret that Creasy never recovers. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:49, 1 January 2009 (UTC)

It's obvious that he didn't, because there are two scenes that show him in the pool and blood is in the water around him from his wounds. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:22, 3 March 2010 (UTC)

request to add an external link
I run a website where we write synopses and spoilers for movies, and I'd really like to link to our Man On Fire synopsis. I'm not trying to spam; I'm only making this request for about 8 movies in total - ones where Wikipedia doesn't have much plot info and we have a detailed synopsis. I think this would be useful and informative to anyone looking for a bit more detail on what happens in the movie. And this wouldn't break any Wikipedia rules concerning external links...but posting the link myself WOULD break the rules. I can only ask that folks here take a look and if anyone thinks it would be useful to others, to please post the link. Here's the synopsis: http://www.moviecheat.com/ShowDetails.php?mid=144 Rasi2290

Anal Bomb
The article mentions an anal bomb. Although I haven't seen the movie, that doesn't seem quite right.

Oh, it exists
Just picked up the movie today from HMV for £2.99 (Tragic price for a great piece of cinema). On the region 2 DVD (and presumably the rest of the world) there are a lot of deleted scenes, available with directors commentry. I watched through about 35 minutes of them, with the commentary, and the director clearly says the bomb is in his anus and it's triggered in the same fashion as the bomb that he plants on the guy under the roadway.

I think really the anal bomb is little bit out of character. I can't really see how he couldnt have just swalloed it instead :)

-SteveG

Yup, the anal bomb really does exist; I'd have to watch it again to pick up what he used (I believe it was C3 or C4) but its definetly in there... --Sidewinded 07:00, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

Yes, there's an anal bomb. It's a stick of C4 with a pencil detonator and an RF trigger all wrapped up inside plastic and residing in the colon of a corrupt cop, whom Creasy is interrogating. Not a particularly pleasant way to go, but it could be worse, I guess. Could've been a smaller bomb. MachiavellianMeow 10:55, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

Requested move
Discuss the proposed name change here.

 * Support. Per WP:Name, "When disambiguating a film from something else use "(film)" in the title when only one film had that name and (YEAR film) in the title when there are two or more films by that name (example: Titanic (1997 film)".  AFter the name change, the Man on Fire page could be made a disambig page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Esprit15d (talk • contribs)

Epilogue
It's my opinion, the final portion of the plot summary regarding the ultimate fate of The Voice is awkwardly phrased and interjects opinion. It suggests that we do not ever really see his face despite the newspaper photo earlier and despite the pretty straightforward shot of him falling into the pool after he gets shot. I removed this, in my opinion, erroneous suggestion that the audience never sees his face but was chastised for "removing information". In this case, I would contend that I was removing opinion rather than purely factual information. As instructed, I'm making my suggestion here. Thoughts?

 * Support. --DelftUser 18:12, 5 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Support per nom R.E. Freak 05:26, 30 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I made the change. Leaving this here in case this becomes an issue again.<IP_ADDRESS> 19:21, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

Manzano
Miguel Manzano introduced himself as director of the AFI and a former director of Interpol in Rome. I haven't read the original novel or watched the 1987 film which happened in Italy. So here is my question. Is that something connecting with them? Some homage maybe?--Mato Rei 12:36, 30 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, it's a homage to the original novel which also takes place in Italy. WhisperToMe (talk) 22:36, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

KR agent
When Ramos's attorney repeated the drop instructions to the Voice in phone, he mentioned KR agent will check the money at the bank before transport. What's KR agent? --Mato Rei 04:54, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Kidnapping and ransom. MachiavellianMeow 10:56, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks a lot. --Mato Rei (talk) 02:47, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

Roberto Sosa?
I tought Mexican actor Roberto Sosa played "The Voice", not the actor listed in the article, can someone else confirm/deny this? Vicco Lizcano 17:26, 26 March 2007 (UTC) (Tell me where I'm wrong)
 * I've just seen the movie and confirmed in the final credits that it's Roberto Sosa, I've made the change, it sucks that IMDB lists the wrong actor. Vicco Lizcano 04:44, 1 April 2007 (UTC) (Tell me where I'm wrong)
 * Yeah, IMDB sometimes does.--Mato Rei (talk) 09:54, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

CIA operative
on the dvd release and on the script it states that "John Creasy, a burned out ex-CIA operative/assassin" not retired special forces I edited this in the beginning lines the wording needs to be changed to reflect this edit —Preceding unsigned comment added by Benadamspears (talk • contribs) 18:59, 24 November 2007 (UTC)

Deleted content from article?
I remember about a year ago there was much more content in the article, including details about deleted scenes from the dvd, production, reception, casting and such. What happened? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:12, 10 January 2010 (UTC)

the movie
at the end creasy most likely got killed by the other people. Just my opinion thank you. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:23, 15 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Hmm... in the movie his eyes close and the thing he is holding drops, implying his death. But the text could be worded in a way so that no interpretation is there. WhisperToMe (talk) 03:54, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

Possible sources
http://www.writingstudio.co.za/page570.html isn't a reliable source, but we could see if any RSes write what this one writes: "Helgeland's initial screenplay drafts, like the novel, were set in Italy. But Foster and Scott, realizing that the locale and its Mafia antagonists were tired - and that kidnappings had virtually been eliminated in Italy thanks to tough new laws - had locations scouted in Brazil, Guatemala and Mexico." WhisperToMe (talk) 03:54, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

Novel characters to film characters
IGN doesn't confirm all of these, but here is the full list: While in the novel Julia, Guido's wife, is dead, in the film Rayburn's wife is very much alive.
 * Marcus Creasy - John W. Creasy
 * Pinta Balletto - Pita Martin Ramos
 * Rika Balletto - Lisa Martin Ramos
 * Ettore Balletto - Samuel Ramos
 * Guido Aurellio - Rayburn
 * Mario Satta - Miguel Manzano
 * Dino Fossella - Victor Fuentes
 * Vico Mansutti - Jordan Kalfus
 * Gina Mansutti - Evelyn (Kalfus's wife)
 * Signora Deluca - Sister Anna

Mariana Garcia Guerrero has no equivalent I know of in the novel. Creasy, in the hospital, gets all of the newspaper clippings and has much of the research done beforehand. The Rosas Sanchez family has no known equivalent - instead a mafia hierarchy, with Cantarella at the head, is the ultimate antagonist WhisperToMe (talk) 09:36, 27 March 2012 (UTC)

Foreign reviews
WhisperToMe (talk) 07:31, 28 March 2012 (UTC)
 * "Man on Fire." Le Parisien. 23 December 2004.
 * Archived here: http://www.webcitation.org/6PkIUgnaI WhisperToMe (talk) 22:30, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

Birth/Death date of creasy at end of movie?
Anyone know why it shows "John W Creasy Jan 4, 1956 - Dec 16, 2003" at the end of the movie? As far as I can tell this movie and the novel are not based on actual events. I'm wondering why does the movie seems portray the events like they actually happened? -- Dean Lunz about.createdbyx.com

Early version of Davies paper
http://inter-disciplinary.net/ati/Evil/Evil%208/Davies%20paper.pdf

This appears to be an early version of the paper WhisperToMe (talk) 08:02, 15 May 2014 (UTC)

Specifying "fiction" in the lead
Since the movie ends with birth/death dates and other notes about the characters it might lead one to believe it is based on a true story -- and lead one to the WP for more info about the real life events and characters. Therefore, it seemed important to specifically indicate that the novel is a work of fiction. Arbalest Mike (talk) 19:50, 10 November 2015 (UTC)

reduce the plot summary
The Plot section is seriously overlong. This ought to be a synopsis, NOT a scene-by-scene recounting of the presented storyline. It's like listening to some drunk at the bar recounting his viewing of the film.

Plot-only description of fictional works How to write a plot summary

Conversely, there's no discussion of directorial technique, most notably use of onscreen titles. Weeb Dingle (talk) 17:32, 3 September 2017 (UTC)
 * The length is fine with me. Long summaries are informative. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:22, 10 April 2018 (UTC)

Man on Fire (1987 film)
There needs to be a disambiguation entry on this other film with the same title. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:11, 22 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Man on Fire (2004 film)


text:
Talk:A. S. Valentine

External links modified
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title: Talk:A. S. Valentine


text:
User:Juzernem2/sandbox

Angel Wicky, (born 8 April 1991) is a Czech photomodel, pornstar, playmate and director.

Career
Angel studied singing and acting since childhood. From elementary school to the conservatory and Masaryk University. She did first nude photos when she was 16, and the first porn photos of 18. Until then, it's illegal. Her career starts in 2009, when she was 18 as as photomodel for fashion, glamour, topless, nude, erotic and porn. Since 2012 she is a director of her movies and photo shootings also. She is one of the pornstars, who are very open about her life. She often posts in her Facebook and Twitter pages. In her films she do almost everything: anal, double penetration, group sex, interracial, but she refuses extreme S/M and bondage. Her breasts are size 75 DD/E and natural. Angel is bisexual and lives in Prague.

Shooting for Playboy
Angel is one of 20 porn stars that got on the front page of Playboy. She appeared for the first time in Czech and Slovak edition of Playboy 2014 in the June issue and became a Playmate in November. During 2015, she appeared in several other European editions and became a Playmate International. Now she made photos on the front page that will appear in November 2015 for European and non-European countries. Photos were taken in Slovakia and Austria. Angel pose for Playboy since April 2014.

Origin of her name
Meaning of her name is a combination of her name Viky and English word wicked, which means naughty, devilish. Angel is an angel. Her name is as contradictory as its appearance and character. Angel with the devil inside.

Filmography
Angel appeared in more than a thousand videos and scene in collaboration with: Score, Hustler, Rocco Siffredi, MOFOs, DDF, Dorcel, David Perry, Brazzers, Kink, Mario Salieri, Evil Angel, 21 Sextury, Magma Film, Reality Kings, Nathan Blake, Joachim Kessef, Frank Thring, Chavier, Legalporn, Culioneros, Roy Alexandre, Silvia Saint, Evil Angel, Momxxx, Paradise films, Nutab, XX-Cel, StockingsVideos, Private, etc. Cooperation with other international magazines FHM, SCORE, HUSTLER, Delicious Dolls, Modelz view, Adam, Man magazine, MOmag, Tribe.. Cooperation with mainstream TV, radios and talkshows Show Jana Krause, Intim s Heidi Janků, René talkshow, Nova a Prima TV, Lokál TV, TV Barrandov, TIP rádio, SEEJAY radio...

title: User:Juzernem2/sandbox


text:
Sparassis

Sparassis (also known as cauliflower mushroom) is a genus of parasitic and saprobic mushroom characterised by its unique shape and appearance and is found around the globe. Its appearance can be described as similar to a sea sponge, a brain or a head of cauliflower, hence its popular name.

It is increasingly cultivated and sold in Korea, Japan, the United States and Australia.

The generic name comes from the Greek sparassein, meaning to tear.

Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Sparassis:
 * Sparassis americana R.H. Petersen
 * Sparassis brevipes Krombh.
 * Sparassis crispa (Wulfen) Fr.
 * Sparassis cystidiosa Desjardin & Zheng Wang
 * Sparassis foliacea St.-Amans
 * Sparassis herbstii Peck
 * Sparassis kazachstanica Shvartsman
 * Sparassis laminosa Fries
 * Sparassis latifolia Y.C. Dai & Zheng Wang
 * Sparassis miniensis Blanco-Dios & Z. Wang
 * Sparassis minoensis Blanco-Dios & Z. Wang
 * Sparassis nemecii Pilát & Veselý
 * Sparassis radicata Weir
 * Sparassis simplex D.A. Reid
 * Sparassis spathulata (Schwein.) Fr.
 * Sparassis subalpina Q. Zhao, Zhu L. Yang & Y.C. Dai
 * Sparassis tremelloides Berkeley

The best-known and most widely collected species are S. crispa (found in Europe and eastern North America) and S. radicata (found in western North America). These species have a very similar appearance and some authorities treat them as conspecific. Their colour ranges from light brown-yellow to yellow-grey or a creamy-white cauliflower colour. They are normally 10 to 25 cm tall but can grow to be quite large, with reported cases of fruiting bodies more than 50cm tall and 14 kg in weight. Their unique look and size means they are unlikely to be mistaken for any poisonous/inedible mushrooms. They grow as parasites or saprobes on the roots or bases of various species of hardwoods, especially oak, and conifers, and hence are most commonly found growing close to fir, pine, oak or spruce trees.

Edibility
Sparassis crispa can be very tasty but should be thoroughly cleaned before use. The folds may contain dirt and other material because, as it grows, the basidiocarp envelops objects such as pine needles. Italian gastronome Antonio Carluccio said that European S. crispa should be picked when creamy white, because once yellow it is too indigestible to eat. It is suitable for drying and reconstituting because it retains its cartilaginous texture and hence is good for soups.

S. radicata is also edible, as is S. spathulata, a cauliflower mushroom which looks similar to Grifola frondosa.

S. crispa is also widely used in traditional Chinese medicine because it contains active pharmacological ingredients. In order to study its medicinal value better, the genomic sequence of S. crispa was published in October 2018. The dry weight of the basidiocarp was found to contain up to 43.6% Beta-glucan, which was approved for the treatment of cancer in Japan and most recently recommended for COVID-19 patients to overcome inflammation.

Experiments suggest that S. crispa contains chemicals that may stimulate the immune system and has many biological properties including: anti-tumor, antiviral activity (reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity), neuroprotection, cardioprotection, anti-inflammation, hyperlipidemia, anti-diabetic medication, antimicrobial compounds, and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

title: Sparassis


text:
User:Dongweon Wiki/Books/kk

 * Oncogene
 * Tumor suppressor gene
 * Ras subfamily
 * Ras superfamily
 * Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
 * Mitogen-activated protein kinase
 * Myc
 * Gene duplication
 * FGF3
 * ErbB
 * Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor
 * Pancreatic cancer
 * BRAF (gene)
 * Melanoma
 * Philadelphia chromosome
 * Imatinib
 * Cyclin D
 * Cyclin
 * Cyclin-dependent kinase
 * Retinoblastoma protein
 * E2F
 * Knudson hypothesis
 * Human papillomavirus infection
 * TP53
 * Bcl-2-associated X protein
 * Li–Fraumeni syndrome
 * Adenomatous polyposis coli
 * Beta-catenin
 * CDH1 (gene)
 * PTEN (gene)
 * Neurofibroma
 * Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
 * Neurofibromatosis type II
 * Warburg effect
 * Bcl-2
 * APAF1
 * Inhibitor of apoptosis
 * Fas receptor
 * B-cell lymphoma
 * Burkitt's lymphoma

title: User:Dongweon Wiki/Books/kk


text:
Talk:Crutch

Crutches
Crutches were also used in ECW alot, so they are also a weapon. Whopper 00:16, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Really? I was unaware of their role in the English Civil War.

The entry for 'Strutters' claims advantages over traditional crutches and that the design has been unchanged since the 19thC, both points which clearly apply to underarm/axillary crutches only, not to forearm crutches. The point relating to upper-leg atrophy for 'knee support crutches' seems heavily dependent on the type of injury/disability and gait pattern of the user, for instance they would be useless to someone with an above knee injury/disability. I'd recommend reordering the list by frequency of use, which would give forearm, underarm, (the rest). DWG 4-Jun-2006

I enjoyed that second comment up there. Also it seems as if strutters has been strategically placed as an advertisement. I mean they should be in there, but not read like some sales pitch. Youknowthatoneguy 10:22, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

Advertising
The External Links for Strutter Use and Types of Crutches are both just advertisements, not factual resources. It seems to me that they don't belong here.

A quick web search turned up a lot more advertising, and then this: Crutches which provides some but not all of the same information as the article.

I would be inclined to just remove those two External Links. Being a newbie I hesitate to do that without first mentioning it here. Any objections?

--Sylvia A 01:09, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Be bold in removing inappropriate links and replacing them with higher-quality references. If someone disagrees and reverts your change, you can discuss it here. The cycle of bold edit, reversion, discussion is a common pattern here. --Damian Yerrick (talk | stalk) 03:06, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

 * The first link returned a 404 error, and the second link was spam. I deleted them. <IP_ADDRESS> 18:27, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

Slang
I removed the following from the slang section:
 * The term, crutch, is also used in slang terminology to mean, "Something that is not fashionable or reliable." Example: Those shoes are so crutch.  When are you gonna buy some new ones?  The term relates to the term, "Lame" which contains a similar if not identical slang meaning.

After searching on google and usenet for phrases such as "is crutch" "so crutch" "very crutch" "totally crutch" "that's crutch" I couldn't find ANY relevant results. Well, unless you count Merriam Webster's Open Dictionary, which contains the same example sentence, word for word. From looking at the dates on the pages, someone presumably saw it there and then copied it here about two weeks later, without verifying it (it's not the same person). If anyone's using this at all, it probably hasn't extended beyond a group of friends, specific school, etc and isn't notable enough to mention here or in wiktionary (where it wasn't added at all). <IP_ADDRESS> 21:28, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

If anything, we should be saying "a crutch" is also a metaphor meaning "something you rely on to get by".—Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:01, 15 August 2010 (UTC)

Underarm Crutches
Properly used, underarm crutches do not redirect the body's weight to the underarms, but to various arm and shoulder muscles. The "armpit pads" should rest against the rib cage, not the armpits themselves. Article altered slightly to reflect this, in addition to some regular copyediting and cleanup. --Ninly (talk) 17:56, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

From My training ... there are only 4 types of crutches
I do not feel I am at liberty to alter the parent article on this subject. But it does need to be re-edited. I leave these notes for some one else to include to that article.

1) Strut or Bow Crutches: where the height reaches the under arm. These can be wood or metal.

2) Sister Kenny Crutches: where rather than having a under arm point the crutch has a Leather loop that is positioned ABOVE the elbow

3) Canadian Crutches: where rather than having a under arm point the crutch has a Leather loop that is positioned BELOW the elbow

4) Laughstrand Crutches: metal crutches where there is a partial loop of metal BELOW the elbow. The term is pronounced with emphasis on the 'u' with a silent 'a'

Respectfully Submitted,

Peter Kelley St. Paul, MN —Preceding unsigned comment added by MstrPBK (talk • contribs) 17:48, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

There are clearly more than four kinds of crutch in contemporary use, I count eight different design concepts (in multiple variations) at http://www.fetterman-crutches.com/showcase.html not counting at least four more that Fettermans don't carry. DWG —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:56, 21 March 2010 (UTC)

I would add in a new crutch which was presented in Popular Science recently which is a major innovation to the common crutch form. http://www.mobilegs.com — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 01:39, 23 January 2011 (UTC) I'm Canadian and on crutches and I've never heard of Canadian crutches. Here we use underarm crutches almost exclusively. Forearm crutches I see occasionally for people with more permanent disabilities - though I noticed in Europe these are more common. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:36, 3 October 2014 (UTC)

What about knee crutches?
What about knee crutches? I think the I walk free should be mentioned here alongside the oneCrutch. It's a similar design. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:53, 3 March 2010 (UTC)

There are now multiple designs of 'crutches' based on the idea of transferring the load from the ground to the upper leg. I've changed the existing reference to a more generic one independent of any design and pointing out their limitations to lower leg problems only. DWG <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:54, 21 March 2010 (UTC)

Remember Disabled Users!
I noticed that the more recent changes to the article had changed most references to 'patients' and 'injured leg(s)'. I've changed most of those to the more generic 'user' and 'affected leg(s)'. Please remember when editing that many disabled crutch users (like me!) have not been 'patients' in decades and don't have any active 'injuries'. It's relatively easy to keep the article relevant to both user communities if you just bear it in mind. DWG <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:54, 21 March 2010 (UTC)

Addition of new product section / descriptions of products available on market
I suggest adding a new sub-heading to display different types of crutches/canes that might be useful. I added the Strongarm cane section under "patents" because of an article i read in Arthritis Today magazine (article does not appear in the online version). There are many other innovative types of forearm crutches on the market today and I believe this page can be expanded to inform people of the different models or forearm crutches available.

Please expand under this if you feel that we can collectively create a new section for variations of Crutches/Canes.

Tjweber (talk) 19:16, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

History
No pictures of historical crutches? I bet they were like small ladders with a rung under the armpit and one to hold with the hand. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:01, 15 August 2010 (UTC)

This page could greatly benefit from a section on History: where and when and how were assistive devices used centuries ago? Martindo (talk) 00:37, 21 July 2017 (UTC)

Underarm vs. forearm
Underarm gives more freedom of movement. With the underarm crutches you cant really lift up the crutch in the same way, because it will hit against armpit. Imagine using underarm crutches, the feet of the crutches are parallel to your functional leg which the weight is on. You then start falling over to the front. If you want to move the crutches in front of you it is hard. Well not if you are quick, but if you are already falling, you can't really move them in front to stop you from falling. With the underarm crutches you can easily do that. Sincerely, The Master Crutcheteer. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:34, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

Underarm vs. forearm by country
I have realized that there is a difference by country. In parts of Europe (at least Denmark, Germany and France) forearm crutches are always used. In these countries underarm crutches have an image of being smth from WW2 or from a developing country. Even for a broken foot, forearm crutches are always used. I have never seen a pair of underarm crutches in my home country exept on tv. I am currently living abroad and have realized that in other countries (at least Turkey and USA) underarm crutches are _always_ used for a broken foot, and forearm crutches are used more like a cane for people with balance problems, overweight, people with leg pains, weak leg muscles, i.e. people who can put weight on both feet. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:24, 17 June 2012 (UTC)

Correct section?
Should the reference to walking sticks and canes in the Types section be moved to the Alternative devices section? Shrillpicc100 (talk) 00:55, 21 February 2014 (UTC)
 * I'm reading the reference to walking sticks and canes as an explanation of why they are not quite the same as crutches, which is better in its current location. --Mirokado (talk) 01:02, 21 February 2014 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 20:51, 19 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Axillary (underarm) crutches.JPG

title: Talk:Crutch


text:
Talk:Historical Introduction to Philosophy/The Problem of Evil

This is great! There just needs to be more of it. The structure is excellent and you have linked to a lot of good stuff, but I would have liked to see more information/explanation on the page. Grammar and spelling need cleaning up, too. DrMiller 04:26, 18 December 2006 (UTC)


text:
Kolka–Karmadon rock ice slide

The Kolka–Karmadon rock-ice slide occurred on the northern slope of the Mount Kazbek massif in North Ossetia–Alania on 20 September 2002, following a partial collapse of the Kolka Glacier. It started on the north-northeast wall of Mount Jimara, 4780 m above sea level, and seriously affected the valley of Genaldon and Karmadon. The resulting avalanche and mudflow killed more than 120 people, including a film crew of 27 people, among them Russian actor and director Sergei Bodrov Jr. While this type of avalanche is not uncommon, this particular event is considered extraordinary because of several aspects.

Collapse
The main deposit settled 17 km from the face of Dzhimarai-Khokh. A 150 m thick chunk of the Kolka Glacier travelled 32 km down the Karmadon Gorge and Koban Valley at over 100 kph. The outflow of mud and debris measured 200 m wide and 10 to 100 m thick. Two villages along the gorge were under surveillance as flood waters backed up along the choked rivers. It finally came to rest in the village of Nizhniy Karmadon, burying most of the village in ice, snow, and debris. On September 25, a first round of explosives intended to break up the avalanche flow was unsuccessful in reducing flood waters lapping through the village of Gornaya Saniba. The avalanche had two distinct flows.

Notable victims

 * Sergei Bodrov Jr.
 * Vladimir Kartashov
 * Sergei Petniunas

title: Kolka–Karmadon rock ice slide


text:
User:GerryTrains/sandbox

Craig Adrian Frank Boyle (born 1984) is a British executive and controlling director of British toy manufacturer Dapol.

Craig Boyle was born in 1986 to David and Thelma Pauline Boyle, the founders of British toy manufacturer Dapol. He was educated at Oswestry School and Yale College.

Boyle joined Dapol in 2005 and has since gone on to serve as executive director. Under Boyle's leadership the company expanded by again producing OO gauge locomotive model trains, a model 7 plank ready to run wagon, O gauge model trains; and has seen significant increases in sales since 2016.

Category:1984 births Category:Living people Category:People from Shropshire Category:People educated at Oswestry School

title: User:GerryTrains/sandbox


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thumbelina (1992 film)

The result was delete. Eddie891 Talk Work 12:44, 24 August 2020 (UTC)

Thumbelina (1992 film)

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

No independent reliable sources found during search to establish notability. Tagged for notability for 7 years. Donaldd23 (talk) 12:41, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Film-related deletion discussions. Donaldd23 (talk) 12:41, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Japan-related deletion discussions. Donaldd23 (talk) 12:41, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of United States of America-related deletion discussions. Donaldd23 (talk) 12:41, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Comics and animation-related deletion discussions. Toughpigs (talk) 15:26, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete for same reasons as Snow White. Direct-to-home movie without any real significance. Fails NFILM and GNG. ‡ Єl Cid of Valencia  talk  13:25, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete no notability here. Balle010 (talk) 15:53, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete for same reasons as the other films from this company - they could be listed on the companies article. Deathlibrarian (talk) 02:32, 18 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
voice vote

Noun

 * 1) A vote that is held by members calling out aye or nay, used in cases where result is not contested or at least not close and a count is not needed to determine if the motion passes.

Coordinate terms

 * see vote § Hyponyms

Translations

 * Hindi: ध्वनिमत

title: voice vote


text:
Boucicault (surname)

Boucicault is a surname.

Notable people with the name include
 * Dion Boucicault (1820–1890), Irish actor and playwright, and his children:
 * Aubrey Boucicault (1868–1913), British actor
 * Dion Boucicault Jr. (1859–1929), Irish actor and stage director
 * Nina Boucicault (1867–1950), English actress

title: Boucicault (surname)


text:
User:ElizzaS/sandbox

Subject's popular name (birthdate – death) can be a lead-in to the subject's real, formal, or extended name. Describe the subject's nationality and profession(s) in which the subject is most notable. Provide a description of the subject's major contributions in the immediately relevant field(s) of notable expertise.

Biography
his career started.......

Early life
Explain the subject's early life historically using a journalistic style.

Expanded description
If an event that occurred in the life of the subject requires further explanation, elaborate.

Marriage and children
If the subject married and produced offspring, describe the marriage and list the immediate offspring.

 * Subject's Son (birthdate – death) If notable, provide a brief single-line description.
 * Subject's Daughter (birthdate – death) If notable, provide a brief single-line description.

Death and afterward
[If applicable] Legacy If any, describe. See Charles Darwin for example.

Philosophical and/or political views
Wikipedia is not a soapbox for individuals to espouse their views. However, views held by politicians, writers, and others may be summarized in their biography only to the extent those views are covered by reliable sources that are independent of the control of the politician, writer, etc.

Published works
If any, list the works organized by date of publication. See Charles Darwin for example.

Honours, decorations, awards and distinctions
(If any)

title: User:ElizzaS/sandbox


text:
Hola Mohalla

Hola Mohalla (Gurmukhi: ਹੋਲਾ-ਮਹੱਲਾ hōlā muhalā), also called Hola, is a three-day long Sikh festival which normally falls in March. It takes place on the second day of the lunar month of Chett, usually a day after the Hindu spring festival Holi, but sometimes coincides with it. Hola Mohalla is a big festive event for Sikhs around the world.

The fair held during Holi and Hola at Anandpur Sahib is traditionally a three-day event but participants attend Anandpur Sahib for a week, camping out and enjoying various displays of fighting prowess and bravery, and listening to kirtan, music and poetry. For meals, which is an integral part of the Sikh institution (Gurdwara), visitors sit together in Pangats (Queues) and eat lacto-vegetarian food of the Langars. The event concludes on the day of Hola Mohalla with a long, "military-style" procession near Takht Kesgarh Sahib, one of the five seats of temporal authority (referred as "Panj Takht") of the Sikhs.

Etymology
Bhai Kahan Singh, who compiled the Mahan Kosh (the first Sikh encyclopedia) at the turn of the 20th century, explained, "Hola is derived from the word halla (a military charge) and the term mohalla stands for an organized procession or an army column. The words 'Hola Mohalla' would thus mean 'the charge of an army.' " Dr. M.S. Ahluwalia notes that the related Punjabi term mahalia (which was derived from the root hal, meaning to alight or descend) refers to "an organized procession in the form of an army column accompanied by war drums and standard-bearers, and proceeding to a given location or moving in state from one to another."

Hola is a Sanskrit word meant to be distinguished from Holi, the Hindu spring festival of colors (Holi) which takes place the day before Hola Mohalla.

History
Hola Mohalla builds upon the Spring festival of Holi. The Guru Granth Sahib contains passages prescribing the celebration of Holi by serving God. The colours of Holi manifest in the Lord's love. As Holi starts with Holika Dahan on the full moon night of Phagan or Phalguna, the festival of Holi is referred to as the festival of Phalguna even though the actual day of Holi falls on the first day of the lunar month of Chett. Guru Gobind Singh built upon this method of celebrating Holi by adding a martial element and creating Hola Mohalla to be celebrated a day after Holi.

The festival also has roots in the story of the child Prahlada who would not accept his father, Hiranyakashipu, as god. According to Gandhi (2007), "in order to please her brother, Holka planned to burn Prahlad. She took him in her lap, sat in the midst of a heap of easily combustible straw". Holika thought she would be protected by a cloth but it was Prahlada who survived and Holika perished in the fire. The event gave rise to the belief that good triumphed over evil. According to regional tradition, Harnaksh (Hiranyakashipu), the King of Multan, was defeated by good in the form of Prahlada. According to Lorenzen (1996), the story of Prahlada was popular with the early Sikhs. The Guru Granth contains verses reciting Prahald by the saints Namdev and Kabir, and also by the third Guru Amar Das.

Customs
Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru built upon the story of Prahlad and founded the festival of Hola Mohalla. According to Thompson (2000), Guru Gobind Singh established Hola Mohalla in the spring of 1701. Similarly, Cole (1994) states that Guru Gobind Singh summoned his followers to attend Anandpur on Holi when he introduced a new rally in 1680 to coincide with Holi where his followers could practice manoeuvres and combat training. However, Guru Gobind Singh organised the first procession accompanied by drums in Anandpur on 22 February 1701 A.D. The new tradition of overseeing mock battles and poetry contests at Lohgarh Fort  has since spread from the town of Anandpur Sahib to nearby Kiratpur Sahib and the foothills of the Shivaliks, and to other Gurdwaras around the world. According to Singh (2018), "during the celebrations of Hola Mohalla a sword is most in demand at Nanded, since each participant in the procession must have it in his hand".

Colours
According to Guru Gobind Singh's court poet Bhai Nand Lal, colours were thrown by the participants after completion of the mock battles: rose water, amber, musk and saffron-coloured water was used. Sikh tradition holds that Guru Gobind Singh also participated in the colourful festival  with the use of gulal which has survived into modern times with Nihangs "splashing gulal (red farinaceous powder) on each other and the audience". The alternative view is that the practice of throwing colours was not observed by Guru Gobind Singh.

Details
Hola Mahalla is a Sikh event which takes place on the second day of the lunar month of Chet, which usually falls in March.

Mahalia, is a Punjabi word that implies an organized procession in the form of an army column accompanied by war drums and standard-bearers, and proceeding to a given location or moving in state from one place to another.

Holi, when people playfully sprinkle colored powders, dry or mixed in water, on each other on the first day of Chet was given a new dimension by establishing Hola to be celebrated a day after. However, Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708) held the first march at Anandpur on Chet vadi 1, 1757 Bk (22 February 1701) and therefore festivities start before the second of Chet. In Anandpur Sahib, the festival lasts for three days.

The Guru made Hola Mahalla an occasion for the Sikhs to demonstrate their martial skills in simulated battles. This was probably done to forestall a grimmer struggle against the imperial power and channeling people's energy into a more useful activity. Hola Mahalla became an annual event held in an open ground near Holgarh, a fort across the rivulet Charan Ganga, northwest of Anandpur sahib.

The popularity of this festival may be judged from the fact that out of five Sikh public holidays requested by the Khalsa Diwan, of Lahore in 1889, the Government approved only two - Hola Mahalla and the birth anniversary of Guru Nanak. Hola Mahalla is presently the biggest festival at Anandpur.

Anandpur Sahib
Anandpur Sahib (lit. City of Bliss) is situated on one of the lower spurs of the Shiwalik Hills in Rupnagar District of Punjab and is well connected with the rest of the country both by road and rail. It lies 31 km north of Rupnagar (Ropar) and 29 km south of Nangal Township. Being one of the supremely important historical centers of the Sikhs it has been reverently called Anandpur Sahib. It was here at Anandpur that on Baisakhi of 1699, Guru Gobind Singh inaugurated the Khalsa and the Panj Piare (the five beloved ones); hence inaugurating the order of Saint-Soldiers who pledged their dedication to defend the needy, poor and oppressed and their respective social, economic and political rights. This was a tradition of one of the world's greatest martyrs Guru Tegh Bahadur (the 9th Guru) who laid down his life in the defense of the Hindus on behalf of the Pandits of Kashmir.

The order of the Khalsa, at the wish of Guru Gobind Singh's would henceforth be distinguished by five symbols (a uniform of 5Ks), viz. Kes (uncut hair), Kangha (comb), Kacherra (drawers), Kara (an all-steel bracelet) and Kirpan (a sword) so that they could easily be recognized by anyone under attack. Sikhs were further instructed to live to the highest ethical standards, and to be always ready to fight tyranny and injustice.

Nihang Singhs

The Nihang are the members of the Khalsa Army known for their distinctive blue traditional robes and dumala, which are often embellished. They are prominent at the Hola Mahalla festival.

title: Hola Mohalla


text:
Emmanuel Nzekwesi

Emmanuel Chukwubuikem Nzekwesi (born 5 September 1997) is a Dutch professional basketball player for Cholet Basket of the French LNB Pro A and the. He played college basketball for Oral Roberts.

Early life and high school career
Nzekwesi grew up in The Hague and began playing basketball at the age of two, and his parents enrolled him in lessons at age seven. Before his sophomore season in high school, he moved to Texas and began attending Byron Nelson High School. Nzekwesi scored 22 points without missing a shot against Paul Laurence Dunbar High School during his sophomore season. As a senior, Nzekwesi averaged 19.4 points and 11.3 rebounds per game. He gained the attention of Damian Lillard's trainer, Phil Beckner, and later, Weber State head coach Randy Rahe.

Nzekwesi signed a letter of intent with Weber State, but problems with his visa precluded him from attending the school. He played a postgraduate season at Moravian Prep in Hudson, North Carolina to help attract more scholarship offers. Nzekwesi accepted a scholarship offer from Oral Roberts, which had previously recruited him in high school.

College career
Nzekwesi redshirted his true freshman season at Oral Roberts. As a redshirt freshman, he averaged 9.8 points and 6.4 rebounds per game. Nzekwesi was named Summit League freshman of the year, though Oral Roberts won eight games. Following the season coach Scott Sutton was fired. Nzekwesi posted 12.7 points and 7.2 rebounds per game as a sophomore. On 3 January 2019 he scored a career-high 34 points in an 83-72 win against North Dakota. As a junior, Nzekwesi averaged 14.8 points and 8.5 rebounds per game. He was named to the Second Team All-Summit League. During Nzekwesi's senior season, he missed seven games with different injuries. He averaged 16.3 points and 9.9 rebounds per game as a senior. Nzekwesi was named to the First Team All-Summit League as well as team MVP by the Tulsa World.

ZZ Leiden
On 13 August 2020 Nzekwesi signed his first professional contract with ZZ Leiden of the Dutch Basketball League (DBL). He made his professional debut on 3 October, recording a double-double with 18 points and 13 rebounds in a 104-102 loss to the Den Helder Suns.

Nzekwesi finished the regular season having led Leiden to the first seed, while leading the league in scoring with 21.7 points and 8.7 rebounds per game. On 24 April 2021, Nzekwesi won the DBL Most Valuable Player award. He broke records for the most awards won by a player ever, as he was also named Rookie of the Year and Statistical Player of the Year while also being on the All-Star Team, All-Defense Team and All-Rookie Team. In the Statistical Player of the Year ranking, he broke an all-time record with an efficiency rating of 26.4. He also won the DBL championship with Leiden on 27 May, after sweeping Heroes Den Bosch in the finals.

Mons-Hainaut
On 19 July 2021, Nzekwesi signed a one-year contract with Belgian club Belfius Mons-Hainaut. In the 2021 offseason, Nzekwesi played in the 2021 NBA Summer League with the Phoenix Suns. He came second in the voting for the BNXT League Most Valuable Player award, behind winner Levi Randolph.

ESSM Le Portel
On 4 June 2022 he signed with ESSM Le Portel of the LNB Pro A.

Cholet Basket
On 27 June 2023 he signed with Cholet Basket of the French LNB Pro A.

National team career
In July 2017, Nzekwesi was named to the Dutch national team at the FIBA U20 European Championship Division B. He averaged 14.3 points, 5.8 rebounds, and 1.3 assists per game.

In November 2020, Nzekwesi was selected for the Dutch senior team for the first time.

Personal life
Nzekwesi is the son of Chioma and Emmanuel Nzekwesi. He has a wife, Tatum. Nzekwesi is a member of Transformation Church and has led athletic chapel.

title: Emmanuel Nzekwesi


text:
Malli Malli Idi Rani Roju

Malli Malli Idi Rani Roju is a 2015 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film written and directed by Kranthi Madhav, starring Sharwanand and Nithya Menen. The music was composed by Gopi Sundar with cinematography by Gnana Shekar V.S. and editing by Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao. The film released on 6 February 2015.

Nithya Menen won Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress - South for her performance. The film garnered the state Nandi Awards for Best Home Viewing Feature Film, Special Jury Awards for Nithya Menen and Sharwanand, Best Female Playback Singer, and Best Dialogue Writer.

Plot
This movie is a simple, romantic, heart touching love story. The movie starts with Raja Ram's (Sharwanand) introduction as a successful track-runner. He has a daughter named Parvathi who works in FM Radio. Ram then begins narrating his past.

The movie shifts to Ram's youth, where his aim was to become a successful track-runner. His mother Parvathi (Pavitra Lokesh), the namesake of his daughter, is a music teacher who earns money for Ram's education. She dreams of him winning a gold medal in national level track-running. Ram continues his studies and wins the State athletics championship after a few days, where he meets Nazeera (Nithya Menen), who starts caring about him. She always wore a burqa covering her face with niqab, so Ram never saw her face. Nazeera has a friend, Jyothi (Pavane Gangireddy), who is always with her. Nazeera joins Parvathi's music class and introduces herself as Khanum. Ram is honored for winning in state athletics championship, where a guy asks him for his autograph and reveals that it is Nazeera who asked for it. He follows Nazeera and she falls in love with him. Nazeera tells Jyothi about her love with Ram. Nazeera goes to Ram's house and knows that he requires shoes which he could not afford. She gives him the money for that and takes his medals in return.

Ram starts for National Athletics in Delhi on train. Ram sees Nazeera when her veil suddenly opens, and her identity is revealed as Nazeera-Khanum. Ram wins the national medal. His mother with Nazeera starts preparing badam kheer for Ram. Nazeera starts speaking indirectly about Ram when Parvathi calls her Nazeera (not Khanum), for which she gets shocked. Parvathi tells that it was only Khanum who knows about the shoes and how Nazeera can give the money unless both are same, and thus Nazeera's identity is revealed again. Ram comes to home and sees Nazeera. When they get close, she gets a call from home. Ram waits for Nazeera when he receives a news that Parvathi is dead. He reaches there and does all the rituals. Nazeera tries to call Ram but is obstructed. She goes to Malaysia. Then Ram tells that he never knew Nazeera and only has a letter which he got from her after that.

The movie then turns to Nazeera's present life in Malaysia where she looks after her father's (Nassar) company. She has a daughter who has many useless love stories and disturbs Nazeera by remembering Ram. Nazeera narrates her past. The call which she received from home changed her life. She goes to Malaysia as she was informed about her father's injury. For her surprise, she finds him healthy. Her father asks her about Ram. Nazeera says that she is never going to leave Ram. Unable to stop their love, he shoots himself. Nazeera, who was in depression, respects her father's death by sacrificing her love. She informs Ram by a letter that she is married. She stays in Malaysia singly where she finds an abandoned child and brings her up as Mehak (Tejaswi Madivada). After listening to this, Mehak challenges Nazeera that Ram has already forgotten Nazeera. However, Nazeera always finds Ram to be a winner and says that he never forgets her. Mehak and Nazeera leave to India.

They go to Ram's house to meet him. They get to know that Ram is at a marriage and go there and find him, where his loses his handkerchief. Nazeera takes that and remembers that it was given by her in the past. Mehak gives that to Ram and inquires the story behind it. Ram narrates and that shows Nazeera in his heart. Nazeera feels bad of the challenge and feels that is an insult for her love and starts to leave to Malaysia. In the way, she meets Ram's daughter Parvathi in the radio mirchi and speaks to her. Parvathi shows a photo of her mother, who was Jyothi. Nazeera leaves abruptly. While going, Nazeera gives Parvathi a gift for Ram and then they leave for the airport. Ram comes there and sees the gift box and realizes that Nazeera has come for him and rushes to the airport. Nazeera meets Jyothi in the airport, who tells that they are in a relationship and after she had a child, he left her. Nazeera says that Ram is not such a guy. Then Jyothi says that she was speaking of some other guy called Seenu. She tells her that Ram has brought up Parvathi but is not her father. She also tells that Ram is not married and has only Nazeera in his heart and he still loves her. Ram comes to the airport and knows from Mehak that Nazeera was not married and rushes into the airport despite the obstructing police there. He sees Nazeera standing there for him. Both of them hug each other and the movie has a happy ending.

Cast

 * Sharvanand as Raja Ram, Parvathi's son, Parvathi's adoptive father, Nazeera's love interest
 * Nithya Menon as Nazeera Khanum, Jyothi's best friend, Mehak's adoptive mother, Ram's love interest
 * Pavitra Lokesh as Parvathi, Ram's mother
 * Nassar as Nazeera's father
 * Tejaswi Madivada as Mehak, Nazeera's adoptive daughter
 * Shanoor Sana as Nazeera's mother
 * Punarnavi Bhupalam as Parvathi, Jyothi's biological daughter, Ram's adoptive daughter
 * Pavani Gangireddy as Jyothi, Nazeera's best friend, Pravathi's biological mother
 * Surya as Raja Ram's coach
 * Chinna as Ismail bhai
 * Naveen Neni as Ram's best friend

Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed by Malayalam composer Gopi Sundar, making his debut in Telugu cinema. The album features five tracks.

Critical reception
The Times of India gave the film 3 stars out of 5 and wrote, "That a filmmaker can evoke at least a bit of awe while dealing with romance, amidst scores of sex-crazed rom-coms, is no mean feat. Between its simplistic approach to romance and lack of a strong conflict, there's a layer of magic in Malli Malli Idhi Rani Roju. That's more than enough to make you crave for more, especially for Nithya and Sharwanand's crackling chemistry". The Hindu wrote, "If you love old-world romances, Malli Malli… is up your alley. On the flipside, the film’s snail pace gets grating at times and the contrived ending...takes some sheen off the otherwise beautiful film".

123telugu.com gave 3.25 out of 5 and wrote, "Malli Malli Idi Rani Roju is a feel good love story which stays within your heart. However, the slow paced narration and lack of entertainment will not go well with certain sections of the audience". idlebrain.com gave 3 out of 5 and wrote, "Malli Malli Idi Rani Roju is a good attempt, but not engaging enough". iqlikmovies.com user ratings garnered 3 out 5.

title: Malli Malli Idi Rani Roju


text:
Martin Semchuk

Martin Semchuk (August 20, 1914 – November 15, 2000 ) was a merchant and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Meadow Lake from 1960 to 1964 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member.

He was born in Meath Park, Saskatchewan, the son of Bill Semchuk, and was educated in Prince Albert. In 1935, he married Josephine Mary Gerlowski. Semchuk was president of the Meadow Lake Board of Trade and was a director of the Saskatchewan Chamber of Commerce. He also helped create Meadow Lake Provincial Park. Semchuk operated a grocery store in Meadow Lake. He served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Telephones, Minister of Public Health, Minister of Highways and Transportation and Minister of Industry and Commerce. He was defeated by Henry Coupland when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1964, and defeated again in 1967 after running as the NDP candidate. Semchuk later worked with the Saskatchewan Department of Natural Resources in Regina. In 1975, he retired to Kelowna, British Columbia. Semchuk died in Oliver, British Columbia at the age of 86.

Semchuk helped establish the first winter road to Uranium City during the 1950s. When a permanent road was established in 1980, it was named the Semchuk Trail in his honour.

title: Martin Semchuk


text:
Wikiversity:Readability

Basic truths of readability

 * People tend to give up when you try to cram 40 specific instructions in their head, but usually do well with two or three main ideas.
 * We already have Wikipedia, Wikibooks, and various other websites and books which have gone into details.
 * It's not useful to reinvent the wheel.
 * It is useful to improve the wheel by surveying the field to figure out how other peoples' interpretation of the wheel can be more useful.
 * Unless your reader understands why you're right, you're not right.
 * Often, when a person sees a very large Wikipedia page, they'll end up reading less than if it was shorter.

The ideal format of a Wikiversity page

 * Simple
 * Short (Less than about 6 screen lengths per wiki page)
 * Does not go too far into details (Links to details)
 * Doesn't require a major time investment to get what you want
 * Useful
 * Fulfills a need or want
 * Is an original work
 * Cool
 * Looks good
 * Delivers information in a new and interesting way

How to achieve this

 * 1) Check Google, Wikipedia, Wikiversity, and Wikibooks for information related to your topic
 * 2) Skim through the available data, or truly read them if at all possible
 * 3) Decide what the major themes of the topic are
 * 4) Plan how to simply, effectively communicate only the important details, and where to link to specific details if the reader desires them

title: Wikiversity:Readability


text:
Talk:Robotics

Robotics To Do List Status Page

I've gone over all my uploaded images. I had to add the copyright tag to keep them from being removed. they should be fine now. --Patrik 09:52, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

I've made a few additions to the section on gears and bits on the actuation devices. In the discussion section of actuation devices I have put a few ideas for a template that possibly could be implimented so to get a standard sort of look about the section. Please add some ideas if you have any. --SamEEE 12:33, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

I've drawn a Logo for the wiki book. I've put it up. I'll be tuning it in the next couple of days. --Patrik 14:55, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

I've spellchecked all of the current pages of this book (except the discussion pages) with Spellbound. --Patrik 11:50, 21 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I've written a first introductory text on the front page. Anyone willing to refine it? --Patrik 11:12, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Do you have a section on BEAM robotics? - Omegatron 19:52, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I've added a section about BEAM robots. More special subtypes of robots could be added in "exotic robots" too. --Patrik 11:17, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

What is the general tone of the book supposed to be? A sort of do-it-yourself-and-see-what-happens, or a properly technical job? I quite like the way it's going now, a little informal but with all the key elements there (or spaces where they should be ;) ). Maybe a little synopsis of the book at the beginning could help, explaining its intended audience. Good work so far! --Mark Lewis 20:46, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I was thinking of keeping it somewhat in the middle. Doing a good technical job without expensive hardware. Preferably using only materials that are available to the common person. I think the book should have sections covering "getting started with" on working with metals and plastics; electronics and making PCBs; programming µcontrollers and PC; Basic AI (finding the way from point A to point B; simple neural nets,...). While the main focus should be on how to do this at home, it wouldn't hurt to add some info on how this is done in the industry. I'd also like to see more "exotic" robot ideas (e.g. completely mechanical, or completely pneumatic robots). At this point I'm adding everything related to robotics when I think of it. We can always (re)move content that goes too far out of the scope of this book. Ofcourse the other cowriters (If that's the correct word) may have other ideas. --Patrik 10:05, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

The subsection "An Introduction to Robotics" is becoming too big. I'll move the part about robot types to its own page. Not enough time to do it now. --Patrik 15:34, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Moved the subsection. Main page is les cluttered this way. --Patrik 10:59, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I've been adding links from the subpages back to the main page. I used the link structure that was already used in the microcontrollers section. I added a # to the original link to the main page. Now it returns to the main page and scolls to the subsection. To add this to new pages put this:

Robotics: An Introduction to Robotics: Wheeled

 On top of the page. Change "An Introduction to Robotics" to the correct subsection and "wheeled" to the correct page title. --Patrik 11:55, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Moved "Navigation" from "computer control" to its own section. --Patrik 12:48, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Hmm, I can't find fractal robots here... :( --Popski 18:52, 26 May 2005 (UTC)  Added a "modular and fractal robots" section to exotic robotics. --Patrik 06:07, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Embedded Systems
I've started up a book on Embedded Systems, on the EE bookshelf that this book would probably benefit from linking to. Also, anybody in this book with knowledge in programming embedded controllers should consider lending their talents to the ES book as well. --Whiteknight T C E 23:05, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

That's a good idea. If you want you can add the link, otherwise I'll add it in the course of next week. --Patrik 15:38, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

I would like to add a section on PID control and another on Fuzzy Logic, but am unsure where it would be appropriate to slot them in. I noticed that there is a section on Reactive Systems. Shall I put that there? Daleh 16:09, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

If you intend to write on PID and fuzzy logic specific for robotics then sure, go ahead. If you mean a more generic text, it might fit in better in the [Electronics] wikibook, with a link to it on Reactive Systems.  Ofcourse either way would be great. And you could always move it later if it would be necessary. --Patrik 16:00, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

Badly missing sections of the book
The book is about ALL kinds of robotics, right? Right now it more looks like its title is "Build your own robot" than "Robotics" (not that it's a bad thing per se but the title doesn't describe the book). Especially I miss sections on industrial robots and AGVs, which are the main application of robotic technology in industry as far as I know. Also interesting subtopics as robotic cars, robot transporters, cooperation between robots, history of robotics, robot simulation, kinematics, sensors etc are badly covered, I think. When I get time, I'll try to work such sections in even though it's quite a lot of work. TERdON 12:53, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Till now most of the effort put in the book went into the DIY part of robotics, mostly because I lack real knowledge on industrial robotics and most contributers tend to extend subjects rather than introduce new subjects. It would be great if you could start on the industrial robots topic. --Patrik 16:03, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned Pages
Either integrate these modules into the book or, if it already has the information, list them for deletion with delete. --Hagindaz 22:29, 15 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Robo:Muscles merged with Robotics: Components: Actuation Devices: Air muscle and moved to Robotics: Air muscle --DavidCary 06:59, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Robo:Motors
 * Robotics: Design Basics
 * Robocode
 * RoboTOC merged into Robotics --DavidCary 06:59, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

terminology
There seems to be a bit of inconsistent terminology. I think the module Robotics: Computer Control: The Interface: Microcontrollers defines the terms "CPU" and "microcontroller" correctly (perhaps because I wrote a big chunk of it).

Some pages, such as Robotics: Computer Control: The Interface: Computers, imply that a "computer" is (narrow definition) a desktop PC or laptop PC (weighing at least 7 pounds) running some operating system that supports office applications.

While other pages of this book, such as Robotics, imply all robots, by definition, include a "computer" (wide definition) -- even "mini-class Sumo robots" which must have a mass of 500 grams (1.1 pounds) or less.

I think we need to have 2 different terms for these 2 slightly different things. (The wide definition certainly includes everything in the narrow definition, but it also includes a bunch of other things as well -- things that may be a better choice for installing on a robot).

Is there a more accurate term than multichip module for the sort of thing described in "Robotics: Computer Control: The Interface: SBC and multichip modules"? (perhaps "computer component" or "processor module" or "microcontroller module" or "stamp" ?)

--DavidCary 06:00, 12 June 2007 (UTC) edited --DavidCary 14:27, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

I've replaced the term "computer" with "PC" on the page Robotics: Computer Control: The Interface: Computers. I propose to define the term "computer" as any electronic device that can execute a program. IMO we should use more accurat terms when possible.

Multichip module is a correct term. The difference between a microcontroller and a multichip module is that a microcontroller has a single chip which contains both processing and memory circuits, while a multichip module contains seperate chips for each of its functions, which are placed in the same package. I'd say to keep the term, since there is a quite large difference between a MCM and a microcontroller and IMO the MCM stands closer to a SBC than to a microcontroller.--Patrik 06:00, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

Yes, I agree that there is a difference between these "processor modules" and a microcontroller by itself. But I'm a little fuzzy on where to draw the line -- or if there even is a line -- between these "processor modules" and a single board computer (SBC). The motherboard PCB assembly in a desktop PC has "seperate chips for each of its functions" -- does that make it a multi-chip module MCM ? --DavidCary 06:44, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

Naming Convention Cleanup
Here is a list of pages which are improperly named and need to be moved:

Robot Combat
Combat Robots could be a possible addition to the "Exotic Robot" section, and could tie in multiple spects of your book. What do you all think?

 * Go for it. I want this book to grow large enough to completely cover every kind of robot, as well as cover things that are very similar to robots, such as remote-controlled combat robots that some purists might say are not "really robots" because they are not autonomous. --DavidCary (discuss • contribs) 19:48, 3 March 2014 (UTC)

suggest move
I suggest moving the Robotics/Sensors/Thermal Sensors page out of this book into the Embedded Systems book. Most of that information applies to *every* temperature sensing system, even ones that are completely non-moving. Is there any robotics-specific information in that page that doesn't apply to such non-moving systems? --DavidCary (discuss • contribs) 19:49, 3 March 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robotics


text:
User:Nebu Pookins

I'm an Asian male born in 1982 with a bachelor's degree in computer science from McGill university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. My interests include computers, anime, video games and Japanese culture.

title: User:Nebu Pookins


text:
Somali Acacia–Commiphora bushlands and thickets

The Somali Acacia–Commiphora bushlands and thickets is a semi-arid tropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregion in the Horn of Africa. It is home to diverse communities of plants and animals, including several endemic species.

Setting
The Somali Acacia–Commiphora bushlands and thickets ecoregion occupies most of the Horn of Africa east and south of the Ethiopian Highlands, including eastern Ethiopia's Haud plateau and adjacent parts of Somaliland, Somalia and northeastern Kenya.

It also extends along the floor of the East African Rift, bisecting the Ethiopian highlands, and along the northeastern edge of the highlands into Eritrea and Sudan.

The ecoregion is bounded on the southwest by the Northern Acacia–Commiphora bushlands and thickets and the Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands. To the south, it is bounded by the humid Northern Zanzibar–Inhambane coastal forest mosaic in the lower Shebelle–Jubba River valley. The Hobyo grasslands and shrublands occupy a narrow strip of coastal dunes along Somalia's central Indian Ocean coast. To the northeast, the Somali montane xeric woodlands occupy the Ogo Mountains along Somaliland's northern coast, and the Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands occupy the lowlands along the Red Sea. Between 1100 and 1500 meters elevation in the Ethiopian Higlands, the Acacia–Commiphora woodlands transition to the Ethiopian montane forests.

Climate
The ecoregion has a hot semi-arid to hot desert climate. Rainfall ranges from below 100 mm annually in the Ogaden to 600 mm on the lower slopes of the Ethiopian Highlands. Rainfall can be erratic and vary widely from year to year.

Flora
The plant communities include woodlands, shrublands, grasslands, and thickets. The predominant trees are deciduous species of Acacia and Commiphora, with a low herbaceous understory. Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Panicum turgidum are the principal grass species. Where rainfall is lower, the Acacia–Commiphora woodlands yield to low bushlands and grasslands.

Fauna
The ecoregion is home to many species of gazelle, including the endemic dibatag (Ammodorcas clarkei, VU), beira (Dorcatragus megalotis, VU), hirola (Damaliscus hunteri, CR) and Speke's gazelle (Gazella spekei, VU).

Protected areas and conservation
10.88% of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Protected areas include Yangudi Rassa National Park, Nechisar National Park, Awash National Park, Omo National Park, Mago National Park, Borena National Park, Chelbi Wildlife Reserve, Babille Elephant Sanctuary, Senkelle Swayne's Hartebeest Sanctuary, and Yabello Sanctuary in Ethiopia, Malka Mari National Park in Kenya, and the Alifuuto Nature Reserve in Somalia.


text:
Ante Brkić

Ante Brkić (born 31 March 1988) is a Croatian chess grandmaster.

Chess career
He won the Croatian Chess Championship in 2010 and has represented his country in a number of Chess Olympiads, including 2004 (2/4 on board 6), 2006 (3.5/5 on board 6), 2012 (2.5/6 on board 4), 2016 (6/10 on board 5) and 2018 (5/8 on board 4).

He played in the Chess World Cup 2015, where he was defeated in the first round by Laurent Fressinet.

In 2019, he won the 26th Zadar Open with 7/9 points.

He qualified again for the Chess World Cup 2021 where, ranked 102nd, he defeated Sergio Barrientos 2-0 in the first round, 27th seed Yuriy Kryvoruchko 1.5-0.5 in the second round and Salem Saleh 2-0 in the third round.

title: Ante Brkić


text:
History of Asia/Southeast Asia

General Modules

 * GM0001 Archaeology in Southeast Asia
 * GM0002 Integration of Southeast Asia
 * GM0003 Prehistory of Southeast Asia
 * GM0004 Southeast Asia in the Global Context
 * GM0005 Southeast Asian Islam in Historical Context
 * GM0006 Historiography of Southeast Asia
 * GM0007 Nationalism in Southeast Asia
 * GM0008 Women in Southeast Asian Societies
 * GM0009 Comparative Southeast Asia: The Eleven Governments
 * GM0010 ASEAN: After the 1997 Financial Crisis

History of Indonesia

 * ID0001 From Sriwijaya to Majapahit
 * ID0002 Rise Of The Nation

History of Malaysia

 * MA0001 From Malaya to Malaysia: A History of Modern Malaysia (1874-1970s)

History of the Philippines

 * PH001 The Philippines: Pre-1521
 * PH001A The Austronesian Origins
 * PH001B The Southeast Asian Connection
 * PH002 The Colonial Crisis
 * PH002A Spanish Colonial Period
 * PH002B American Colonial Period
 * PH002C Japanese Interlude
 * PH003 Towards Philippine Nationhood
 * PH005 Philippines Today: A Fragile Democracy (From EDSA to Gloria)

History of Singapore

 * SG0001 Economic History of Singapore, 1965-
 * SG0002 International History of Singapore, 1965-

Examination Boards Modules

 * EB0001 Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board - GCE Ordinary Level History
 * EB0002 Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board - GCE Advanced Level History
 * EB0003 Cambridge International Examinations - GCE Ordinary Level History
 * EB0004 Cambridge International Examinations - GCE Advanced Level History

Special Interest Modules

 * SI0001 History Education in Singapore

Planned Modules

 * History of Brunei
 * History of Indo-China
 * History of Malaya
 * History of Myanmar
 * History of the Philippines
 * History of Indonesia & Timor-Leste
 * History of Thailand
 * History of Cambodia

title: History of Asia/Southeast Asia


text:
User:Kairi of Heart

Hello, and welcome to my page. I am only a sandboxer. Which is disappointing.

So I shall start a subpage and get up random articles.

User:Kairi_of_Heart/Hristian_Petreski

title: User:Kairi of Heart


text:
Talk:Julie Scardina

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Julie Scardina. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060710051103/http://www.seaworld.org/wild-world/julie-journal/bio.htm to http://www.seaworld.org/wild-world/julie-journal/bio.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20041226211749/http://ibdb.conservation.org/expeditions/pantanal/bio_julie.htm to http://ibdb.conservation.org/expeditions/pantanal/bio_julie.htm

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:26, 29 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Julie Scardina


text:
Talk:Ratched (TV series)

First name or last name?
The episode summaries are a little haphazard as far as first name vs last name goes. For my own edits, I tried to follow the convention already established, but should we be favoring one over the other? Efalk (talk) 00:59, 21 September 2020 (UTC)

Production codes
, Per MOS:TVEPISODE, there is nothing wrong with adding production codes. They are all on the end credits of each episode. — Young Forever (talk)   18:30, 21 September 2020 (UTC)
 * TVEPISODE says it can be included, not that it must. What information do the production codes for this series provide that is not already present in the article? -- / Alex /21  02:05, 22 September 2020 (UTC)
 * The production codes are for identifying episodes for the series. When a TV series have production codes, it is a common practice to include them on the episode table. Also, this is only the first season we don't know about the second season (when it was order to series, Netflix gave a two-season order). — Young Forever (talk)   02:41, 22 September 2020 (UTC)
 * There's no information for the second season yet, so that's trivial for the current situation. The episodes can easily be identified through their episodic numbers, as they match the order of production. -- / Alex /21  03:01, 22 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I saw your posts here. It's exactly the same as Talk:Lovecraft Country (TV series); it add no further understanding to the article, they serve as trivial numbers without additional meaning. -- / Alex /21  14:51, 22 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I disagree. Not the same thing. — Young Forever (talk)   15:23, 22 September 2020 (UTC)
 * How do the two articles differ in the case of production codes, then? Are they not both series where the production order is the same as the episodic release/airing order? -- / Alex /21  23:58, 22 September 2020 (UTC)
 * The production codes are longer than 3 digits. Yes, but there isn't anything wrong to include that on the Episode table. — Young Forever (talk)   19:11, 23 September 2020 (UTC)
 * That doesn't change anything. What do these codes add that are not already in the article? There's zero need for duplicate information. If it's just information for the same of being information, Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. -- / Alex /21  00:19, 24 September 2020 (UTC)
 * MOS:TV never explicitly states that production codes are frown upon when they are aired/released in order. I don't see it as duplicated information. Production codes are production codes and episode numbers are episode numbers. Production codes are not exactly the same thing as episode numbers. — Young Forever (talk)   18:06, 24 September 2020 (UTC)
 * And it never explicitly states they have to be included. MOS's never micromanage these sorts of things, it boils down to common sense. Episode and production numbers have the same meaning, displaying an order to the episodes. In this case, that order is the same. -- / Alex /21  00:29, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Agree to disagree. It has nothing to do with common sense. And MOS:TV never explicitly states must include production codes because not every TV series have production codes. Yes, I am aware that production codes are optional. But, so is everything on the Episode table, but we don't go around removing directors, writers, or airdates (when they are reliably sourced or have been aired/released) just because they are optional. — Young Forever (talk)   18:28, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 * The directors, writers, or airdates are all a unique combination to each episode. The order is already given in the first column and doesn't need repeating. -- / Alex /21  01:17, 26 September 2020 (UTC)

Most of the episodes were only written by Ian Brennan or Evan Romansky with Jennifer Salt co-writing 2 episodes. A code from a TV series that contains mixture of 6 letters and numbers are not the same thing as episode number. Production codes are unique in their own ways. — Young Forever (talk)   17:44, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I'll just wait for the WT discussion to continue, there's no point in having the same discussion in two locations. It's clear a consensus is building against them. -- / Alex /21  01:27, 29 September 2020 (UTC)
 * There isn't a clear consensus yet as the discussion still going on FYI. — Young Forever (talk)   17:18, 29 September 2020 (UTC)

Music
I've added Bernard Herrmann as uncredited composer for this. Not sure if that's the correct way of doing it. But I strongly think it should be included in some way. Long passages from Cape Fear, the unused score for Torn Curtain, and Psycho are used throughout the series. And the rest of the score is based on the same. Tengilorg (talk) 14:50, 26 November 2020 (UTC)
 * If they are uncredited, they shouldn't in the parameter. We don't even add uncredited cast members, executive producers, producers, writers, and directors. Herrmann composed for Cape Fear, nor Ratched though. In addition, the PopSugar article never explicitly said that he composed for Ratched though. — Young Forever <sup style="color: #2D68C4F">(talk)   18:40, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Award nomination
--- Another Believer ( Talk ) 01:00, 29 January 2021 (UTC)
 * 32nd GLAAD Media Awards

Horror
Netflix categorises this series under horror (in the UK anyway), and it appears in their annual Halloween collection. Although I would personally consider this a proper horror (it's a campy psychological drama with macabre elements), Netflix's own categorisation I think should be regarded as official. 2A00:23C7:ED16:2401:1D3A:2C81:BF76:9B2E (talk) 00:04, 4 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ratched (TV series)


text:
Template:Wikipedia

Usage
lang= somelanguage prefix recognized by Wikimedia Foundation servers The article name, defaults to

Example usage:

If only Wikipedia is used, the template will default to displaying a link to the English Wikipedia article of the.

fr:Modèle:Wikipédia

title: Template:Wikipedia