text:
William Henry Helm

William Henry Helm (1860–1936) was an English writer known for well-reviewed non-fiction books like Jane Austen and her Country-House Comedy (1909) and Homes of the Past (1921).

Early life and writing
His parents were the Rev. William Henry Helm and Elizabeth Caroline Jollye (née Withington). His father, son of Charles Helm, a solicitor in Worcester, was headmaster of King's School, Worcester, and died not long after the marriage. His mother was the daughter of Thomas Scholes Withington (died 1838), a cotton broker in Liverpool.

Helm was educated at Bradfield College. He joined the staff of The Morning Post in 1882. He was noted in 1885 for writing "a short but bright and original story of the days of Queen Anne" in the Christmas 1884 special issue of the Weekly Freeman titled "How George Stanley Settled his Bill". He became a columnist for The Morning Post, and speaking at the 1887 annual dinner of the London Association of Correctors of the Press, "said that as a reviewer he was not ashamed to stand up and say he belonged to that much-abused fraternity", speculating that even the ghosts of dead writers would complain of their depictions by modern reviewers.

Primary publishing career
In 1900, Helm published a series of "Studies in Style" examining the writing styles of various authors, and was described in The Morning Post as having "hit on the happy idea of reproducing them with just sufficient caricature to make apparent to the simplest intelligence the affectation, or the vulgarity, or the idiosyncracy of the particular writer". The review found the work to be "ample evidence of Mr. Helm's fitness for the delicate task he undertook". A 1904 book, The Blue Fox, parodying the style of Guy Boothby, was less successful, with one review finding that it "starts well with a clever burlesque of the modern Anglo-American alliance between title and dollars", but later "misses fire somehow", being not sufficiently extravagant. Helm next wrote about Honoré de Balzac in the book, Aspects of Balzac in London in 1905.

Jane Austen and Her Country-House Comedy (1909)
In 1909, it was announced that Helm was "writing a critical monograph on 'Jane Austen,' based on her novels and letters". The book, Jane Austen and her Country-house Comedy, was published that year, with The Athenaeum saying of it:

"It is a favourite dogma nowadays with the superior person that literary criticism has nothing to do with biography, and that in estimating an author's work no attention should be paid to the facts of his life. The method adopted by Mr. Helm is in direct opposition to this theory. In the meagre annals of Jane Austen's career he diligently seeks for the raw material of her novels, and from the novels in turn deduces the realities of her personal experience. We have nothing to say against this system of double entry. In one or two instances, indeed, we should be inclined to carry it further than Mr. Helm."

The Book News Monthly wrote that Helm "takes up first the dominant qualities in Jane Austen's works, dilating upon her 'abiding freshness' and comparing her with Balzac and Charlotte Bronte. He then studies her equipment, going into the matter of her education and her preparation for writing". The Guardian described it as demonstrating "critical discernment and literary knowledge". In the 21st century, literary scholar Laurence W. Mazzeno wrote that the book was "probably best described as a transitional work between the appreciations offered by the Austen family and many Victorians, and the more systematic critical examinations that would follow in the coming decades". Mazzano described Helm as being "of a generation still interested in the way Austen depicted the fashions and customs of her day", and noted that Helm considered Austen "a neglected classic", and sought to "reclaim for her a place among England's great authors".

In 1910, after 27 years with The Morning Post, Helm was dismissed during a rearrangement of the staff. He sued, alleging wrongful dismissal and asserting that letters from former manager Edward Eden Peacock would demonstrate that the paper had a practice of providing for members of the literary staff dismissed after some number of years with the paper. Helm's 1912 book on Charles Dickens was deemed "an able and expert introduction on Dickens' life and works".

Homes of the Past (1921)
In 1919, Helm proposed "the selection and preservation some typical houses, each of which shall be an original example of a particular period in our history", along with their furnishings and other contents, so that people could visit them and learn what life during those periods was like. He further stated that he was preparing a book in support of this plan, for which "[m]any pen-and-ink drawings have already been prepared, in illustration of my text, by a very capable artist".

Fine arts expert Archibald Cecil Chappelow illustrated the well-received 1921 book Homes of the Past, by Helm. The book was a favorite of publisher John Lane, and was "a magnificent volume". The book review in The Observer stated: "Not only is this book pleasantly written, but it is much enhanced in attractiveness by the pen-and-ink drawings by Mr. A. C. Chappelow, who has a most affectionate touch for old architecture and furnishing".

In later life, Helm was described as "a distinguished East-Anglian antiquary who is also an ardent Francophile. Though he loves France, and speaks French easily, it cannot be denied that his accent leaves something to be desired". Helm once described giving a lecture in French to an audience of French nationals, after which one of them approached him and politely asked exactly what part of France Helm came from.

Works

 * Studies in Style (1900)
 * The Blue Fox (1904)
 * Aspects of Balzac (1905)
 * Jane Austen and her Country-house Comedy (1909)
 * ''Thomas Love Peacock (1911)
 * Charles Dickens (1912)
 * Vigée-Lebrun, 1755-1842: Her Life, Works, and Friendships (1915)
 * Homes of the Past (1921)

Personal life and death
Helm married Ada Emmeline Physick, youngest daughter of E. J. Physick, the sculptor, in 1881. They had two children. Helm died in 1936, at the age of 76.

title: William Henry Helm


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Wikibooks:Advertising poster

(This is not a regular wikibooks entry, but conceived to be a printed advertising poster for use in colleges to attract teachers and students to contribute to wikibooks. I think it's appropriate to discuss formatting, distribution, whatever in Discussion.)

Teachers and Students:

WANT FREE TEXTBOOKS?

Help write them!

Wikibooks (www.wikibooks.org) is developing free, open content textbooks, manuals and other texts.

We currently have around 250 textbooks in various stages of development, of which every page is open to your revision and addition.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wikibooks:Advertising poster


text:
2017–18 FC Ararat Yerevan season

The 2017–18 season was FC Ararat Yerevan's 27th consecutive season in Armenian Premier League. They finished the season in sixth and last place, in the Armenian Premier League whilst being knocked out of the Armenian Cup by Shirak at the Quarterfinal stage.

Season events
At the start of July 2017, Ararat Yerevan took Brazilian defender Lucas Straub on trial. In the middle of July, Ararat announced the signing of Lucas Straub and fellow Brazilian Silas.

On 7 December 2017, Lucas Straub and Silas left Ararat after their contracts where terminated by mutual consent, whilst Erik Nazaryan and Revik Yeghiazaryan also left after their contracts expired.

On 13 February, Goran Obradović returned to Ararat Yerevan, having previously played for the club in 2009.

On 14 February 2018, Ararat signed Australian midfielder Anthony Trajkoski, whilst on 23 February, Armenian Youth International Orbeli Hamvardzumyan joined Ararat from Banants.

In March 2018, Ararat signed Andrija Dragojević, Alan Pires and Odaílson on loan from Alashkert until the end of the season.

At the end of the season, Davit Minasyan and Gevorg Ohanyan left Ararat by mutual consent, whilst Goran Obradović left after his contract expired and Andrija Dragojević, Alan Pires and Odaílson returned to Alashkert.

Appearances and goals

 * colspan="14"|Players who left Ararat Yerevan during the season:
 * colspan="14"|Players who left Ararat Yerevan during the season:

 * }

title: 2017–18 FC Ararat Yerevan season


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Noor-ol-Hoda Mangeneh

Noor-ol-Hoda Mangeneh (1902–1986) was an Iranian intellectual and one of the pioneering figures in the women's rights movement in Iran. She was born in Tehran. She was a member of Jam'iyat-e Nesvan-e Vatankhah ("Patriotic Women's League of Iran") and published Bibi magazine for women.

title: Noor-ol-Hoda Mangeneh


text:
1979 South Pacific Classic

The 1979 South Pacific Classic was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tournament held on outdoor grass courts at the Milton Courts in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia that was part of the 1979 Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and was held from 8 October until 14 October 1979. Unseeded Phil Dent won the singles title.

Singles
🇦🇺 Phil Dent defeated 🇦🇺 Ross Case 7–6, 6–2, 6–3
 * It was Dent's 1st singles title of the year and the 2nd of his career.

Doubles
🇦🇺 Geoff Masters / 🇦🇺 Ross Case defeated 🇦🇺 John James / 🇦🇺 Chris Kachel 7–6, 6–2

title: 1979 South Pacific Classic


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Pharmacy practice

Welcome to the Wikiversity Introduction to Pharmacy practice module Joel Lamoure 14:54, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

Learning
To learn the overview of Pharmaceutical care in accordance with current observations with the underlying premise of the patients basic Bill of "Rights". That is for the practitioner to get the right drug to the right patient at the right time for the right condition with a a minimum of adverse effects.

Pharmacy Practice,Patient Care and Drug Related Problems
Joel Lamoure 14:22, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

Joel Lamoure RPh., B.Sc.Phm., FASCP

Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry University of Western Ontario

Teaching Associate,Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto

Mental Health Pharmacist, London Health Sciences Centre, South St Hospital

"I, Joel Lamoure, am the author of this article, Pharmacy Practice and I release its content under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 and later."\heloopppppp

Introduction
Pharmaceutical care is a methodology of working with patients and their caregivers and their medication(s) including herbals and over the counter agents and the providers there of. It is a concept that deals with the way patients, their families, healthcare providers, should receive and use medication, information about medication and instructions for use. Pharmaceutical care encompasses information, assimilation of data and interpretation of the data using best possible medication histories to get the right drug to the right patient at the right time for the right condition with a minimum of adverse effects. One point to take into consideration when working with patients is that they experience not only a DISEASE but a DIS-EASE. Thus we have a physical and physioogical component to every patient and diagnosis. This also impact as to why no 2 patients' course of disease remains the same.

Hepler and Strand, in the 1980’s, developed a new definition in which the patient’s position in the triad of patient, physician and pharmacist receives even more emphasis. Pharmaceutical Care is that component of pharmacy practice which entails the direct interaction of the pharmacist with the patient for the purpose of caring for that patient's drug-related needs In 1997, Strand redefined pharmaceutical care as: “A practice for which the practitioner takes responsibility for a patients drug therapy needs and is held accountable for this commitment.”

Classification of Drug Related Problems
Why Pharmaceutical Care?

a.	A minimum of 1-4% of new prescriptions in pharmacy will have a problem. Incidence of an ADR depends on the situation, but may account for 1/5 patients on a general medicine unit in a teaching hospital

b.	These problems or Drug Related Problems are categorized into one of eight possibilities, although the patient may experience multiple DRP’s with 1 medication.

c.	There is a new approach since 2004 that looks not at the drug itself but at the underlying DISEASE. That the condition is impacted or a condition is impacted real or potentially with the introduction or use of a drug. The number of DRP’s in this case is reduced to 7.

However, as pharmacy students (refernecing the University of Toronto Faculty of Pharmacy) at the Faculty of Pharmacy whom graduate before the class of 2008, that the Drug is central to the DRP remains the cornerstone of approach between 1989 to date. As such, the DRP’s we will focus on will be the DRUG-focused DRP versus the ones by Strand and Cipolle. If anyone has an interest in this new approach, the text is called Pharmaceutical Care Practice: The Clinicians Guide by Robert J. Cipolle, Linda M. Strand, Peter C. Morley (Authors) May 2004 ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>

Drug Related Problems Encountered in the Provision of Pharmaceutical Care

1-The patient has an undesirable sign or symptom because they are taking a drug for which there is no valid indication Examples here might include the use of an acute agent for an extended length of time. Also, where a patient uses a societal or recreational substance such as marijuana, alcohol or tobacco. Also for example patients are using a drug where non-drug options would be indicated

2-Patient has undesirable sign/symptom because they need drug therapy but are not receiving Patients in this case are in need of therapy as a result of a disease or disorder or adverse effect but are not receiving appropriate medication management. The condition that they have may not yet be diagnosed or is diagnosed but not receiving adequate and appropriate pharmacological management. Also, this includes medications where additional medications may be needed for synergistic effect to treat the condition, or preventative therapies.

3-Patient not taking appropriate drug or drug product This is a large consideration in the mental health population. The major reasons that people do not take their medications are due to cost, stigma or adverse effects. The current drug is not the most cost effective for this patient, such as patient non-compliant but may need a depot injection.

4-Patient has undesirable sign/symptom from taking/ receiving too little drug In this instance, there is a resumption of the underlying disease or condition as the dose is inappropriate, frequency/ timing inappropriate or there is a drug- disease interaction. There may be ADME mediated mechanisms at play here for example enzymatic induction of the Cytochrome P450 system secondary to the patient smoking or co-ingestion of another agent.

5-Patient has undesirable sign/symptom because they are taking/ receiving too much drug In this instance, there is an adverse effect or toxicity as the dose is inappropriate, frequency/ timing inappropriate or there is a drug- disease interaction. There may be ADME mediated mechanisms at play here for example enzymatic inhibition of the Cytochrome P450 system secondary co-ingestion of another agent. Also, a medication that is renally excreted may build up due to reduced renal issues (medications, age, disease). 6-Patient has undesirable sign/ symptom because not taking/ receiving prescribe drugs appropriately Patients may experience economic restraints, administration or distribution error or non-compliance. This is of particular importance and concern with patients taking medications for mental health. Patients receiving antipsychotics took an average of 58 percent (range 24-90%) of prescribed medications with a varying degree of intervals which may not make this study portable to ADHD specifically. In patients with a variety of physical disorders was 60-92% compliance with a mean of 76%. Compliance With Medication Regimens for Mental and Physical Disorders -- Cramer and Rosenheck 49 (2): 196 -- Psychiatr Serv

7-Patient has undesirable sign/symptom because experiencing adverse drug reaction (non-dose related) The patients may be experiencing an effect to be associated with the medication either in idiosyncratic manner or via extension of pharmacological effect These patients may be Type a or Type B. Type A is an anticipated  reaction and a direct extension of the medication whereas Type B or bizarre reactions may be immunological in nature (e.g. penicllin anaphylaxis)

8-Patient experiencing undesirable sign/ symptom because experiencing drug-drug, drug-food or drug-lab interaction

These reactions encompass drug-food reactions that cause the medications to become less effective (calcium salts and quinolones) or more potent (grapefruit juice and calcium channel blockers). As well, there are some drug-lab interactions, especially seen with illicit substance making agents such as finasteride or epitestosterone, dextran, diuretics or probenicid.Types of prohibited drugs

Goals of Pharmaceutical Care
1.	Pharmacist as a provider – To move beyond the premises of a product and extend the clinical knowledge to the delivery of a clinical service. This does not mean that counseling itself is pharmaceutical care, but a part of the general approach. Although to counsel the patient or caregiver is essential and required by Provincial Colleges, an overview of the patient and appropriateness of the medication must be employed. This includes knowledge of or access to references that provides information such as interactions, compatibilities (drug and disease) as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.

2.	Role of the pharmacist- Will be determined by the practice, but it keeps the patient or caregiver in the centre of the triad using the pharmacists’ drug and clinical knowledge to maximize the outcomes. This mainly shifts focus from a reactive role to a proactive team based patient-centered clinical methods model. Ideally, there will be overlap between treating teams within the circle of care to maximize patient outcomes and improve patients quality of life.

3.	Responsibilities of the pharmacist- To practice pharmaceutical care by reviewing and analyzing the patient‘s medication regimens to identify and solve within the team approach solutions to the identified problems. As well, after the solution has been mutually reached, the requirement exists to monitor outcomes by example through compliance monitoring which is poor in mental health conditions.

Section references

 * United Kingdom Psychiatric Pharmacy Group (UKPPG) www.ukppg.org.uk/
 * J. Rovers et al.: A Practical Guide to Pharmaceutical Care Am. Pharm. Assoc. 1998 ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>902
 * University of Toronto Faculty of Pharmacy Teaching Associate Program 2003 Updates pp 22-24
 * University of Toronto Structured Practical Experience Program Update November 3 2006
 * The Peters Institute of Pharmaceutical Care http://www.pharmacy.umn.edu/centers/peters/about/home.html
 * Strand LM, Cipolle RJ. Challenges for pharmaceutical care. Am J Hosp Pharm 1993 Aug;50:1618-21.
 * Strand LM, Cipolle RJ, Morley PC, Perrier DG. Levels of pharmaceutical care: needs based approach. Am J Hosp Pharm 1991 Mar;48:547-50
 * Pharmaceutical Care Practice : The Clinician's Guide (ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>) Robert J. Cipolle; Linda M. Strand; Peter C. Morley May 2004
 * http://pharmpractice.uonbi.ac.ke/

title: Pharmacy practice


text:
User:ZZ47/2010 Maldives FA Cup Final

The 2010 Maldives FA Cup Final is the 23rd Final of the Maldives FA Cup.

title: User:ZZ47/2010 Maldives FA Cup Final


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Craig Roger Gregerson

The result was keep. - Bobet 21:39, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Craig Roger Gregerson
Non notable criminal event TruthCrusader 15:47, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep. He fits the notoriety criteria - "Persons achieving renown or notoriety for their involvement in newsworthy events". He's got 28,400 google hits for his exact name, and 500 Google News hits. Think that's sufficient. If he should be removed, then so should Destiny Norton.
 * *Comment: Added by me somewhat earlier, forgot to sign it. Supersheep 16:23, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep. He is the indicted/confessed killer of the subject of an eight-day search conducted in part by the FBI that made national headlines in the U.S. - Chadbryant 16:12, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep. Wikipedia should not only reflect the glorious history of Mormonism, but also its seamy underbelly. Linden Arden 16:50, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment: Mormonism is not relevant to this debate. The claim that the killer was motivated by his family's religion is speculative at best. BFD1  18:05, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Keepduskins 09:38, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * comment: I started the destiny norton page, specifically because I kept searching on wikipedia waiting for something to come up, this was national news, as someone else pointed out above he is the confessed killer and it is certain a notable considering how many searches on both google and even Destinynorton.net (which has had more than 100,000 visitors since it's creation just a month ago)/

 * Comment: This appears to be a pretty cut-and-dry case of a nonsensical AfD request built more on personal agenda than on facts. Given the fact that there have been no votes to delete, how long does this need to remain open? - Chadbryant 06:39, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Comment: Although I agree with Chadbryant that this article should not be deleted, I think it is an egregious breach of savoir faire to claim that the original call for deletion was motivated "more on personal agenda than on facts." Linden Arden 17:45, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Comment: duskins All right, we had better nominate the Mark Karr entry as well then? The crime is nearly indentical, just more publicity.  Idiots. 11:38 17 August 2006 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Diedrich Bader

Untitled
Listed as "doctor" voiceover for king of the hill in 1992. Some sort of typo? King of the hill didn't premiere until 1997. --Tunafizzle (talk) 21:07, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

Played Peggy's doctor in 1999, and Buck's son in 2009 -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:11, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

He was also in the "biker" episode of Quantum Leap as the lead biker dude.

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:45, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 November 2020
His voice acting occupation has unexpectedly been removed by another IP user, who keeps vandalizing the article by constantly reverting edits back and fourth, which it’s a violation to the Wikipedia policy. Is there by any chance that it could be restored back in his occupation section again? Because this whole occupation removal thing is kinda getting ridiculous. 2600:1000:B007:5246:25:B1BF:B5EC:1185 (talk) 00:05, 7 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: Is it possible you could link the diff where this happened? It would help see if it should be added again (or the IP of the user). — Yours, Berrely  • Talk∕Contribs 15:18, 8 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. ‑‑ El Hef  ( Meep? ) 21:18, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Diedrich Bader


text:
Portal:Learning Projects/Related portals

Browse learning projects in these portals:
 * Reading groups
 * Advanced General Studies
 * Humanities
 * Physical Sciences
 * Life Sciences
 * Practical Arts and Sciences
 * Mathematics
 * Engineering and Technology
 * Interdisciplinary Studies
 * Social Sciences
 * Education
 * Theological Studies and Culture
 * Media
 * Professions
 * Other portals


text:
User:Dace59/sandbox

Storing place for stuff I'm working up but can't save to the correct page yet. Because I sleep, go out, etc.

Current work: Moved out

title: User:Dace59/sandbox


text:
Talk:Denez Prigent

The wax belt
Is "Ur vag a Vontroulez" (in this section) a song from Prigent's Ar gouriz koar or a story from Barzaz Breiz? The way it is written now is ambiguous. —Akrabbimtalk 14:41, 22 March 2010 (UTC)
 * "Ur vag a Vontroulez" is a song from Ar gouriz koar. Oyp (talk) 15:13, 22 March 2010 (UTC)
 * OK, thanks. Could you clarify the phrase "a wax belt circling a land three times"?  I have no idea what that could mean. —Akrabbimtalk 15:44, 22 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Well, imagine that you walk around the plot of land three times, letting hot wax drip the whole time. This represents a large amount of wax. Also, wax was an important element in religion (Christian candles) and magic, since it was believed that sorcerers could give life to wax beings, a belief mentioned in Ar bugel koar (the wax child).
 * Also, I don't think the title of the album comes from that song, but rather from the symbolic value of the wax belt as found in the Barzaz Breiz, and, of course, examplified in the song. In my opinion, what Prigent meant was that the album was his "wax belt" to Brittany, i.e. an important gift. He had spent a lot of time collecting lyrics and tunes and perfecting his singing technique, and the album was the result. Oyp (talk) 16:15, 22 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Oh OK, I was trying to imaging a belt (clothing) made from wax, but that makes more sense. I'll try to figure out how to get the meaning to convey concisely.  As for the stuff about the symbolism (and even about the allusion to Barzaz Breiz), are there any sources for that?  And what is Ar bugel koar?  A song? A story in Barzaz Breiz?  —Akrabbimtalk 19:03, 22 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Ar bugel koar is a traditional song, found in Luzel's book (see Further reading), that appears on Ar gouriz koar. This reminds me that in this kind of articles, on fr:, one typically includes a list of all the albums with their tracklist, either in the singer's article or in a secondary article, something like Denez Prigent discography (fr:Discographie de Denez Prigent). However, it is unclear to me whether this would be welcome on en:, since I don't have the kind of data they put in that kind of articles, like sales. What do you think ?
 * As for sources, I found none relating Prigent's title to the Barzaz Breiz, likely because nobody felt the need for it. In Breton culture, this is a very well-known symbol; saying « wax belt » is as obviously a reference to the Barzaz Breiz as saying « to be or not to be » in the English culture would obviously be a reference to Shakespeare. Oyp (talk) 07:10, 23 March 2010 (UTC)
 * We do indeed have discography articles, and I think that would be a good idea. The main difference is that en doesn't usually include the track listings there, but that is because they are usually included in separate articles.  But you are right - at this point we don't have many sources specifically covering the albums, so I think creating a Denez Prigent discography very similar to the french one would be a good place to start, and if we end up with enough substance to justify a stand-alone article for an album or two, great.  It would be a better place to discuss things like the meaning of "the wax belt", which is hard to fit into Prigent's biography smoothly. —Akrabbimtalk 16:00, 23 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Actually, I think List of Denez Prigent albums would be a better name. I'm going to go ahead and start it if you want to expand it from the French that I can't read at Discographie de Denez Prigent. —Akrabbimtalk 16:08, 23 March 2010 (UTC)

Brittany and nature - the picture
The landscape pictured on the foto with the subtitle „After land consolidation : conifers everywhere.“ is in Switzerland and not in Brittany (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trubschachen.jpg#filehistory). This picture is also in the German, French and Breton article. Also there aren’t conifers everywhere in Brittany, but there are mixed forests. The picture should be removed. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:08, 26 February 2011 (UTC)
 * I noticed the same thing, and have removed it and several other irrelevant pictures. —Akrabbimtalk 20:25, 27 July 2011 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091218081647/http://rythmes-croises.org:80/ethnotempos/chroniques/denez_prigent.htm to http://rythmes-croises.org/ethnotempos/chroniques/denez_prigent.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090730202809/http://www.mondomix.com:80/archives/mix_fr/news/index.htm to http://www.mondomix.com/archives/mix_fr/news/index.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100730203646/http://www.m-la-music.net:80/spip.php?article1280 to http://www.m-la-music.net/spip.php?article1280

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 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.universalmusic.fr/artiste/denez--prigent/
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title: Talk:Denez Prigent


text:
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Portal:Franconia

 __NOINDEX__

The result of the discussion was:  delete. The vast majority of Keep voters in this MfD seem to be arguing that since WP:POG is no longer considered a guideline, there is no longer any reason for which a portal can be deleted. This is obviously far from the truth, and therefore these votes have necessarily been ignored. As the nominator points out, we can fall back on WP:COMMONSENSE. Additionally, WP:POG is still listed as an informational page, which "describes the editing community's established practice on some aspect or aspects of Wikipedia's norms and customs." Until new, updated guidelines are written and accepted, WP:POG continues to document the status quo, and is the best thing we can use. After ignoring rationales based only on the absence of a guideline, there is clear consensus to delete. ‑Scottywong | [confabulate] || 23:07, 2 October 2019 (UTC)

Portal:Franconia

 * – (View MfD)

Abandoned, static mini-portal on Franconia, a historical region in Germany, now divided between three German states. Very low pageviews. Copied from the German de:Portal:Franken.

Created in May 2016 by, who has done a lot of work on German portals and has pioneered the use of the German Wikipedia's "mega-navbox" style of portal. This uses navbox-like lists of articles to provide direct access to lots of them, complete with the built-in previews available to non-logged-in readers on all en.wp pages. It's vastly more usable than the predominant but hideous one-subpage-at-a-time model. Sadly, readers seem no more interested in it than in the subpage portals, so in Jan–Jun 2019 this portal averaged only 5 views day, which is barely above background noise.

This structure doesn't have a farm of content-forked sub-pages, so Special:PrefixIndex/Portal:Franconia contains very few content pages, but they have all been abandoned since their creation in 2016, without even drive-by edits. Portal:Franconia/New Articles is particularly notable, because since creation in 2016, it has listed only the same article: Hohenloher Ebene östlich von Wallhausen, which is a redlink because the page has never existed on English Wikipedia. On German Wiki, Hohenloher Ebene östlich von Wallhausen it does exist, having been created in May 2016 ... so there seems to be have been no adaptation to English Wikipedia.

Similarly, the lists of featured articles and good articles refer to their status on German Wikipedia, not on en.wp. Thankfully, those are explicitly labelled as such, but it's a bit of a useless list to display to readers of en.wp. There are two bluelinked articles on the list of Features articles: Hesselberg (B-class), and Kordigast (stub). Telling the reader that they are feature-class in a different language on another website doesn't help much. If readers were good at reading German, then they'd probably have gone direct to German Wikipedia to read about Germany.

This all looks like a page which might be of help to editors, but it's at best unhelpful to readers.

WP:POG requires that portals should be about "broad subject areas, which are likely to attract large numbers of interested readers and portal maintainers". POG also guides that "the portal should be associated with a WikiProject (or have editors with sufficient interest) to help ensure a supply of new material for the portal and maintain the portal". This fails on all four counts:
 * 1)  Broad topic . Depends how you define it.  If the scope is defined as the whole of the history of that area, then it may be big enough ... but that involves framing contemporary topics through a historical region which now crosses multiple internal borders.  That seems  a bit POV and also creates a lot of overlap between portals.
 * 2)  High readership .  No. 5 views per day is very low.
 * 3)  Lots of maintainers . No. As far as I can see, nobody except Bemicourt has done anything to this portal other than format-tweak the portal's main page, and since 21 May 2016 Bermicourt has done only two edits to the portal: one in July 2016,  and one in Dec 2018 .  The latter edit was a bit naughty, because it updated the portal maintenance status even though there had been no maintenance for 2½ years.
 * 4)  WikiProject involvement . No. There is no WP:WikiProject Franconia, which means that there is no systematic assessment of Franconia articles to feed to the portal. The portal's talkpage is tagged for WP:WikiProject Germany, but its talk page+archives contain only one mention of the portal: Bermicourt's May 2016 announcement of the portal's creation, which got no response.

The experience of 6 months of MFDs scrutinising many hundreds of portals has shown that many countries don't even make viable portals, and sub-national regions even more rarely. Despite en.wp's huge systemic bias towards American topics, even many states of the United States had portals which failed. This isn't even a sub-national region; it's a former sub-national region, now fragmented across several sub-national jurisdictions.

This portal was created in good faith, mimicking the German system of portals. But on en.wp it has failed, because nobody has done anything to build on Bericourt's starting point. There is no active WikiProject to support it, and almost no interest in reading it, and it is rotting. Time to just delete this portal (or move it to project space, to which it seems better suited). Since the problems are deep-seated and long-standing, I oppose re-creation. Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 16:13, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Note on backlinks. I don't want in any way to prejudge the outcome ... but if this discussion is closed as delete, I suggest that the backlinks be removed.  I have an AWB setup which allows me to easily replace them with links to the next most specific portal(s), without creating duplicate entries, but in this case I see no single alternative portal.  And in any case there are only |5 links from articles. --  Brown HairedGirl  (talk) • (contribs) 16:16, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete as per analysis by User:BrownHairedGirl. Only 5 daily pageviews, which is at the noise level.  Robert McClenon (talk) 21:33, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete this junk portal forever.Catfurball (talk) 22:55, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete and oppose re-creation per detailed analysis by BrownHairedGirl. -Crossroads- (talk) 03:07, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete and oppose re-creation per the thorough and highly detailed investigation of the portal by the nominator,  Brown HairedGirl . A portal on an incredibly narrow topic and with almost no views is a portal that is a solution in search of a problem. Newshunter12 (talk) 03:58, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep. The portal is not 'abandoned' at all and the rest of the argument is based on editor-invented, Aunt Sally cut-and-paste criteria based loosely on an obsolete, decade-old guideline. Most articles on Wikipedia would fail these criteria. Again inappropriate timing while the community discusses the future of portals... BTW the relevant project are the Germany and History WikiProjects. And again, if you take an incredibly narrow view of portals, you will fall victim to an incredibly narrow conclusion. These portals are used to generate a one-page overview of current coverage and quality of article topics which is then used to prioritise and create new articles and improve existing ones. So they aren't searching for a problem - they're solving problems for those editors working on expanding the sum of human knowledge. Bermicourt (talk) 18:48, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * @Bermicourt, I made a civil, reasoned nomination citing the long-standing portal guidelines and following the hundreds of MFD discussions which have applied those guidelines in this way. The guidelines have not changed since I made other similar nominations, so of course I present my assessment in a similar, structured way, in order to help other editors reviewing the nomination. It's a great pity that you have chosen yet again respond to a civil, reasoned, unexceptional MFD nomination by alleging bad faith, and by then again indulging in blatant denialism about the evidence of abandonment.  Your WP:OWNership issues are becoming severe, and do you no credit.
 * You say that the relevant project are the Germany and History WikiProjects. However, the only projects with which you tagged the portal are Germany and Geography.  Which Bermicourt should we believe: the December 2017 Bermicourt, or the September 2019 Bermicourt?
 * I note that you say These portals are used to generate a one-page overview of current coverage and quality of article topics which is then used to prioritise and create new articles and improve existing ones. In other words, these portals which readers shun were intended by you primarily as an aid to editors. That is why I suggested in the last para of the nomination that an alternative to deletion might be to move it to project space, to which it seems better suited.  It's a pity that before posting your pile of ABF accusations and evidence denial, you either didn't read the nomination or chose to ignore that suggestion. --  Brown HairedGirl  (talk) • (contribs) 20:45, 24 September 2019 (UTC)

And Bermicourt's last sentence is self-contradictory: trash perfectly good portals, useful as navigation and project tools, that simply need a better structure to enable their navigation function. If they need a whole new structure to fulfil their navigation function, then they are clearly not "perfectly good".
 * Keep, no policy or guideline based criteria for deletion have been given (WP:POG is not even a guideline). WP:IDONTLIKEPORTALS is not a valid argument for deletion. I would suggest to remove the "new articles" box, though, or use a bot to populate it like most German Wikipedia portals do. —Kusma (t·c) 09:57, 26 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep, as Kusma has pointed out WP:POG is not a guideline, it would need community consensus to be implemented. With all of the effort focused into these deletions, just as much effort could go into fixing the issues up. ((WP:NOTCLEANUP) - Knowledgekid87 (talk) 15:49, 26 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note on POG. It is true that WP:POG has today been downgraded to an information page, per the belated closure of WP:POG2019RFC.
 * However, if POG is no longer a guideline, then we apply WP:COMMONSENSE.
 * In the last 6 months, over 850 portals have been been deleted for failing the principles set out in the nomination. Community consensus on those principles is very clear and very stable.
 * Without a guideline, we apply WP:COMMONSENSE. Those advocating "keep" make no attempt to explain why they think that a portal on a narrow topic, abandoned by its creator with no WikiProject support and no active maintainers is worth keeping.  The nomination offers clear reasons for deletion; the "keep" voters are simply taking a WP:ILIKEIT stance. --  Brown HairedGirl  (talk) • (contribs) 18:44, 26 September 2019 (UTC)
 * By WP:COMMONSENSE, we should keep pages that are harmless and do not violate any policies and guidelines. The "delete" voters are simply using irrelevant points (like the number of pageviews) to justify their WP:IDONTLIKEPORTALS stance. —Kusma (t·c) 19:06, 26 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Abandoned portals are not harmless. They waste the time of readers, and damage Wikipedia's reputation. Kusma and others are trying to preserve abandoned portals simply because some editors like making them (tho not maintaining them), even tho these abandoned portals serve no encyclopedic purpose. They violate core policies such as WP:INDISCRIMINATE, WP:LINKFARM ... and Wikipedia does not exist to provide a space where editors can create wholly unreferenced pages which languish unused and unmaintained.  This is an enyclopedia, not Geocities.
 * Kusma is having fun repeating WP:IDONTLIKEPORTALS. But the reality which Kusma and others try to obscure is that WP:READERSDONTLIKEPORTALS, and especially that WP:READERSDONTLIKEABANDONEDPORTALS.  If the portal fan club want to keep pages like this, they should support moving them to project space, and stop wasting readers's time with them. --  Brown HairedGirl  (talk) • (contribs) 20:55, 26 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Can we please get community consensus on the matter? I agree that some portals should be deleted, just not all of them. There needs to be a better criteria put into place that a majority will agree on. - Knowledgekid87 (talk) 23:06, 26 September 2019 (UTC)
 * KK87: Community consensus on the criteria above is already exceptionally clear. Those criteria will not lead to the deletion of all portals.
 * Choosing this portal as the ground for a big stand is utterly perverse. -- Brown HairedGirl  (talk) • (contribs) 23:14, 26 September 2019 (UTC)
 * There is no community consensus on the criteria which you have invented e.g. "Lots of maintainers" is neither stated nor defined at WP:POG and maintainers are only mentioned in the opening stanza. There is a small band of editors who follow in your wake with "per nom" comments; that is hardly community consensus.
 * You contradict yourself in saying portals are "wasting readers' time"; if pages views are so low, it is barely a factor.
 * Finally, remember that a) portals are not articles so page views are largely irrelevant b) page views will be low because POG says there should only be one link from mainspace and so c) POG fails because it expects portals to be have high readership but only allows one link. So POG's own structure contradicts its intent. DUH. So d) POG is an out-of-date discredited failure that should be scrapped and started again. Yet it's been [mis]used to trash perfectly good portals, useful as navigation and project tools, that simply need a better structure to enable their navigation function. Bermicourt (talk) 11:21, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Oh dear. I had better take those one at a time.
 * If the deletion of over 850 portals one at a time over the last six months had simply been the work of some clique who ignored community consensus, there would long ago have been an outcry and more editors would have opposed deletion. Instead, deletion is opposed only by the same small hard core of portal creators.
 * Whether the number of viewers is 1 or 100,000 an abandoned portals wastes the time of each reader who visits it.
 * There is no pageview test for articles. The criteria for keeping or deleting articles are based on the fact that they are content. Portals are not content (they are a tool for navigation/showcasing of content), so different criteria apply, based on whether they serve that purpose.
 * It is simply untrue to say that WP:POG only allows one link; many portals have links from thousands of articles. Bermicourt should not disrupt MFD by making such absurdly false assertions.
 * POG was de-guidelined because it recommended an old and broken design of portals. However, the core POG criteria of broad topic/high pagviews/multiple maintainers/associated WikiProject have repeatedly been endorsed at MFD, so they still stand. The claim that portals simply need a better structure to enable their navigation function has been made for years, but nobody has yet produced a better design which demonstrably achieves that effect and demonstrably meets readers' needs.
 * What Bermicourt's post amount to is that after 14 years of Wikipedia portals, their defenders are still promising that some day in the future they will devise a structure which actually adds enough value for readers that readers will use them in non-trivial numbers. As they say, good luck with that ... and when you have developed and tested such a portal, then maybe there will be grounds for re-creating some of the deleted portals.  But even then, it will be hard to make the case that a fragmented historic sub-sub-national region will be a suitable topic for a new portal. --  Brown HairedGirl  (talk) • (contribs) 21:09, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete, but allow moving / refactoring to something in the Wikiproject namespace for editors if desired per nom. The pageviews are too low for viability.  SnowFire (talk) 23:09, 26 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep no policy-based reason for deletion given. Page views aren't a reason for deletion.  Appears to be in decent shape. Hobit (talk) 17:30, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * If Hobit had actually read the nomination, they would see the evidence that the portal is not in decent shape. It is also unmaintained, and has no supporting WikiProject. --  Brown HairedGirl  (talk) • (contribs) 20:46, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * There is a difference between disagreeing with you and being wrong. If you'd like to politely discuss it, I'd be happy to do so.  Hobit (talk) 22:36, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Hobit, I did politely discuss it, by setting out the evidence in the nomination.
 * You rudely responded with a classic WP:ILIKEIT vague wave offering no explanation for why you dissent from my analysis. If you want to change your approach and start providing some reasons supported by evidence, then we can have that polite discussion which I hoped for when I wrote the nomination. --  Brown HairedGirl  (talk) • (contribs) 08:55, 1 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Your argument (I don't think it's evidence) for deletion was fine. Your responses to me and others here have been quite rude IMO ("utterly perverse", "Oh dear", referring to people you are responding to in the 3rd person which you've done at least twice here).  But let's break down the situation rather than behavior.  I responded with the fact that we have no guidelines or policy for keeping or deleting portals.  As I understand that, it's true.  So we fall back on general policy.  Things like pageviews are not a valid reason for deletion anywhere on Wikipedia as far as I know.  Being out of date or unmaintained are not an argument for deletion anywhere on Wikipedia.  You cited an info page that covers best practices and then assessed your own thoughts on how well this meets those best practices.  Those best practices are not a criteria for deletion.  So I don't believe you've provided valid reasons for deletion.  IAR is fine (an given there is no relevant policy, that an common sense are what we have).  And yes, I think someone interested in the subject would find the portal quite useful.  And since we are at IAR/commonsense, that's a perfectly valid reason for keeping something.  In fact, I'd argue a great reason for keeping it.  The contrary argument, that it is not useful, or even worse, actively harmful, would be a reason for deletion IMO.  But pageviews aren't. So yes, I do feel your arguments are largely wrong here. I hope my reasons for believing that are clearer now. Hobit (talk) 22:37, 2 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete - Per WP:COMMONSENSE Second level country divisions not are a broad subject area. The ideal would be to work on these topics in the country portal.Guilherme Burn (talk) 13:04, 1 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Comment That's simply your WP:POV; nowhere in WP:POG does it say country divisions are not a broad subject area. Another example of where POG utterly fails is that it doesn't define words like 'broad' enabling deletionists to drive a coach and horses through the portal system. Bermicourt (talk) 16:34, 1 October 2019 (UTC)
 * This is just a word game. I believe everyone has understood what a broad topic is. I've argued this here, here and here.
 * a sincere question. If I want to write about my state, Minas Gerais, which you think is best, I create a Portal:Minas Gerais with less than a dozen pageviews a day or valorize the Portal:Brazil with a section about the states of Brazil?Guilherme Burn (talk) 18:52, 1 October 2019 (UTC)

Guilherme Burn (talk) 18:52, 1 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Everyone thinks they have understood what a broad topic is; we have just understood it differently and the ex-guideline is no help.
 * Re your question: it seems to me that it's founded on the assumption that 1) portals are like articles, 2) that they are well-linked, 3) that page views matter and so 4) a lack of page views = delete the portal. I have argued persistently that portals are not articles, that they are poorly linked because POG only requires ONE link from mainspace, that their main role is as navigation aids and project tools. I'm happy to put on hold all creation, expansion and deletion of portals while POG is discussed and rewritten, but it's clear that a few editors are bent on destroying them as quickly as possible before the community wakes up to the fact that it's decision to keep and not deprecate portals has been ignored. And then there will be the inevitable backlash. Bermicourt (talk) 19:53, 1 October 2019 (UTC)
 * If portals are a project tool, then they should be in a project space and not in a reader space. The "navigation aid" part is much better served in other ways, as viewership stats show. No "keep all portals" decision has ever been made, just one not to "delete all portals". It is perfectly fine to evaluate portals individually, which is what we are doing. MfD is a public forum, so implying this is some furtive effort is improper. -Crossroads- (talk) 20:54, 1 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Keep the topic doesn't seem that unreasonable, Franconia appears to be a recognised region of Germany with a distinctive culture and history and a population of about five million. I don't think the rest of the nomination makes much of a case for deletion at all. WP:POG has been deprecated and doesn't explicitly say that portals without recent edits or with few pageviews should be deleted anyway. Pretending that these criteria have general support because of "common sense" is dubious at best, they aren't used to delete pages anywhere else on Wikipedia. Issues with individual components of the portal can be addressed through editing. The portal has obviously had a lot of work put into it and I think it does provide value to the reader.  Hut 8.5  21:32, 2 October 2019 (UTC)


text:
African Philosophy/Annotated Bibliography/African Studies Quarterly, The Online Journal for African Studies

URL of the Journal
http://web.africa.ufl.edu/asq/index.htm


text:
Gary M. Rose

Gary Michael Rose (born 17 October 1947) is a retired United States Army officer and a Vietnam War veteran. For his actions during the war, Rose was recommended for the Medal of Honor, but this was downgraded to the Distinguished Service Cross due to the classified nature of the mission in Laos. He was finally presented the Medal of Honor on 23 October 2017.

After enlisting in the United States Army in 1967, Rose became a Special Forces combat medic, and in September 1970 distinguished himself in fighting in Laos at Chavane during Operation Tailwind, in which he treated the wounded while fighting People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) forces. Despite being wounded multiple times during the battle, he treated 60–70 personnel. Rose continued his career in the army and graduated from Officer Candidate School, becoming a Field Artillery officer and reaching the rank of captain before retiring, after which he worked in the manufacturing industry.

Early life
Rose was born on 17 October 1947 in Watertown, New York, and later moved to the Los Angeles area. In 1965, he graduated from the James Monroe High School in Sepulveda. On 4 April 1967, he volunteered for the United States Army to avoid being drafted into the Marine Corps after his father, who had been in the Marine Corps during World War II, suggested one would not want to be a draftee in the Marine Corps.

Vietnam War
Rose attended basic training at Fort Ord and Infantry Advanced Individual Training at Fort Gordon. He was promoted to private first class after graduating from the latter and was sent to the United States Army Airborne School due to his high aptitude test scores. Rose entered Special Forces training at Fort Bragg in October, graduating a year later as a Special Forces medic. Rose was first assigned to the 7th Special Forces Group (Airborne). He reenlisted to be able to choose where he wanted to serve and in April 1969 was assigned to the 46th Special Forces Company in Lopburi, Thailand, where he trained Thai soldiers and border police medics.

In April 1970, Rose requested transfer to South Vietnam and was assigned to Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group (SOG), for which the 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne) provided administrative support. He was based at Forward Operating Base II at Kontum, where he treated the wounded and local civilians. Rose was wounded on his first mission in June 1970, receiving his first Purple Heart and Bronze Star Medal. On 11 September, he and a company-size exploitation force of Americans, Vietnamese, and Montagnards were inserted by CH-53 Sea Stallion helicopters 70 kilometers inside Laos near Chavane in Operation Tailwind, a diversionary operation. Then-Sergeant Rose was responsible for medical care for fifteen other Americans and 120 Montagnards.

Medal of Honor action
After being inserted, the force advanced deeper into enemy territory, soon making contact with a PAVN squad, wounding two Americans and two Montagnards, one of whom was trapped outside the unit's defensive perimeter. Rose engaged the enemy while treating and stabilizing the soldier, carrying him through heavy fire back to the defensive positions. The company continued moving deeper into Laos following a PAVN withdrawal, engaging more PAVN forces and suffering more casualties. Disregarding his personal safety, Rose treated wounded under heavy fire, engaging the PAVN to reach the wounded.

The fire became so intense Rose was forced to crawl from position to position in order to treat the wounded, giving words of encouragement and directing the fire of the inexperienced and terrified South Vietnamese and Montagnard troops. Over the next few days, the company marched west and deeper into Laos, fending off incessant attacks from elements ranging from squad-sized to company-sized, covered by Air Force gunships. On 12 September, during an assault by a PAVN company-sized element, one of the Montagnards was wounded 40 to 50 meters outside the perimeter. Dodging enemy fire, Rose ran and crawled his way to the wounded man, shielding him with his own body while he treated him. He dragged the Montagnard back to the company with one hand while firing at the PAVN with his gun in his other hand.

When Rose returned to the company perimeter with the wounded soldier, he was sprayed with shrapnel from a B-40 rocket propelled grenade (RPG) in his back and leg, severely crippling his foot. For the rest of the mission, he used a stick as a crutch, continuing to treat the wounded while ignoring his own wounds. A MEDEVAC helicopter was later called in to evacuate the company's many wounded, but was unable to land in the small opening where the company was located. Rose stood up, fully exposed to the heavy enemy fire, and attempted to pass the wounded up to the hovering helicopter's crew. However, the intensity of the fire forced the pilot to abort the mission, and the helicopter, severely damaged, crashed a few kilometers away.

With the aid of close air support, the company was able to break out of their defensive position and Rose improvised litters for the wounded, who now were over half the company. Despite his own wounds, he never took time to eat, rest or care for his own wounds while treating the other soldiers. On the night of 13–14 September, the company was surrounded by the PAVN in their position. Rose dug trenches for the wounded and treated their injuries, as the enemy spent the night bombarding the company with rockets, grenades, and mortars. Moving from position to position, he exposed himself to PAVN fire, encouraging the soldiers and treating the wounded.

On 14 September, the last day of the operation, after destroying a PAVN base camp, the company was informed by a Forward Air Controller (FAC) that over 500 PAVN were advancing on their position. Supported by gunships, the company moved to a landing zone, setting up a perimeter while each platoon boarded the helicopters as the PAVN attacked from all sides, inflicting even more casualties. Rose exposed himself again under heavy fire, retrieving the dead and wounded and bringing them back to the perimeter. In great pain, he continued to treat the wounded, disregarding his own safety. When the extraction helicopters arrived, he returned to the outer perimeter to help engage the PAVN and repel the assault. Rose boarded the last extraction helicopter, delivering aimed accurate fire at the PAVN only an estimated 50 meters away as he hobbled up the loading ramp. Soon after the helicopter lifted off, it was hit by anti-aircraft rounds, and its engine stopped at an altitude of 4,500 ft. Rose was notified that a Marine door gunner had been shot through the neck and he rendered lifesaving medical treatment to the man before the helicopter crashed, several kilometers away from the original extraction point. Rose was thrown from the helicopter before it crashed, and while still dazed and wounded crawled back into the wreckage to pull out wounded and unconscious soldiers, knowing that it could explode at any moment. He continued to treat the wounded until another helicopter arrived to extract them. Upon returning to base, Rose, covered in blood and wounds, refused all treatment until the other wounded were treated first. He was credited with treating between 60 and 70 wounded and saving many lives; only three Montagnards died in Operation Tailwind.

Rose was nominated for the Medal of Honor, but the award was downgraded to the Distinguished Service Cross due to the classified nature of the mission in Laos. MACV commander General Creighton Abrams formally presented Rose the Distinguished Service Cross on 16 January 1971.

Later life
In April, when his tour in Vietnam ended, Rose was sent to the Spanish Language School in Anacostia, Washington, D.C. At the school Rose made the decision to attend Officer Candidate School because extending his contract with the Army would enable him to bring his new wife, Margaret, with him to Panama. After completing the school, he was assigned to the 8th Special Forces Group in Panama until August 1973, when he was selected to attend Officer Candidate School at Fort Benning. Rose received his commission as a second lieutenant in the Field Artillery in December, and attended the Field Artillery Officer Basic Course at Fort Sill. He graduated from Cameron University in Lawton with a Bachelor of Arts in Education and Military Science in December 1977. In 1978, Rose attended the Field Artillery Officer Advanced Course, and then was posted to various successive field assignments in Germany, New Mexico, South Korea, and Fort Sill over the next years. He retired from the Army with the rank of captain in May 1987.

Rose attended the University of Oklahoma, graduating in December 1989 with a Master of Arts in Communication. He worked as a writer of operator, user, and maintenance manuals and training designer for the manufacturing industry before finally retiring in 2010. Rose worked at Raytheon, which he left in 2003. He moved to Huntsville in 2005 to live near a friend who was a fellow Vietnam War veteran. In retirement, Rose remains involved in charity work, mainly through the Knights of Columbus.

Operation Tailwind controversy and Medal of Honor award
In 1998, a joint CNN and Time magazine report incorrectly described Operation Tailwind as a mission to kill American defectors and claimed that American troops used sarin on civilians. Rose was among the Tailwind veterans called to the Pentagon in late June for interviews on the operation, and they refuted the claims. The story was retracted after a Department of Defense report concluded that the story was incorrect. After the controversy, an initiative began by SOG veterans to get their comrades' heroism in Operation Tailwind recognized. In 2013, Rose received a call from Eugene McCarley, who commanded the company in Operation Tailwind, who told him that Army veteran and SOG researcher Neil Thorne wanted to request an upgrade to the Medal of Honor for Rose's DSC. Thorne requested information from Rose, and then-Secretary of Defense Ash Carter approved the award upgrade in 2016, and Alabama Representative Mo Brooks and Senator Jeff Sessions wrote Rose's name into the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, waiving the requirement the medal must be awarded within five years of the action. On 20 September 2017, the White House announced President Donald Trump would present Rose the Medal of Honor on 23 October. On 23 October, President Donald J. Trump presented Rose the Medal of Honor in a White House ceremony.

Personal life
Rose married Margaret in 1971 and has two daughters: Claire Rose and Sarah Bowen, and a son, Michael.

Medal of Honor citation
Rose's Medal of Honor citation reads: "Sergeant Gary M. Rose distinguished himself by acts of gallantry and intrepidity while serving as a Special Forces Medic with a company-sized exploitation force, Special Operations Augmentation, Command and Control Central, 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne), 1st Special Forces, Republic of Vietnam.

Between 11 and 14 September 1970, Sergeant Rose’s company was continuously engaged by a well-armed and numerically superior hostile force deep in enemy-controlled territory. Enemy B-40 rockets and mortar rounds rained down while the adversary sprayed the area with small arms and machine gun fire, wounding many and forcing everyone to seek cover.

Sergeant Rose, braving the hail of bullets, sprinted fifty meters to a wounded soldier’s side. He then used his own body to protect the casualty from further injury while treating his wounds. After stabilizing the casualty, Sergeant Rose carried him through the bullet-ridden combat zone to protective cover.

As the enemy accelerated the attack, Sergeant Rose continuously exposed himself to intense fire as he fearlessly moved from casualty to casualty, administering life-saving aid.

A B-40 rocket impacted just meters from Sergeant Rose, knocking him from his feet and injuring his head, hand, and foot. Ignoring his wounds, Sergeant Rose struggled to his feet and continued to render aid to the other injured soldiers.

During an attempted medevac, Sergeant Rose again exposed himself to enemy fire as he attempted to hoist wounded personnel up to the hovering helicopter, which was unable to land due to unsuitable terrain.

The medevac mission was aborted due to intense enemy fire and the helicopter crashed a few miles away due to the enemy fire sustained during the attempted extraction.

Over the next two days, Sergeant Rose continued to expose himself to enemy fire in order to treat the wounded, estimated to be half of the company’s personnel. On September 14, during the company’s eventual helicopter extraction, the enemy launched a full-scale offensive.

Sergeant Rose, after loading wounded personnel on the first set of extraction helicopters, returned to the outer perimeter under enemy fire, carrying friendly casualties and moving wounded personnel to more secure positions until they could be evacuated. He then returned to the perimeter to help repel the enemy until the final extraction helicopter arrived. As the final helicopter was loaded, the enemy began to overrun the company’s position, and the helicopter’s Marine door gunner was shot in the neck.

Sergeant Rose instantly administered critical medical treatment onboard the helicopter, saving the Marine’s life. The helicopter carrying Sergeant Rose crashed several hundred meters from the extraction point, further injuring Sergeant Rose and the personnel on board.

Despite his numerous wounds from the past three days, Sergeant Rose continued to pull and carry unconscious and wounded personnel out of the burning wreckage and continued to administer aid to the wounded until another extraction helicopter arrived.

Sergeant Rose’s extraordinary heroism and selflessness above and beyond the call of duty were critical to saving numerous lives over that four-day time period. His actions are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit upon himself, the 1st Special Forces, and the United States Army."

Awards and decorations
During his service, Rose earned many decorations, including:
 * Thai Army Parachutist Badge
 * ViPaBa.jpg Republic of Vietnam Parachutist Badge

title: Gary M. Rose


text:
List of churches in Exeter

The following is a list of churches in Exeter.

Active churches
The city has an estimated 64 churches for 129,800 inhabitants, a ratio of one church to every 2,028 people.

title: List of churches in Exeter


text:
Talk:Toyota Tercel

Also sold in Norway
I don't know if it is necessary to mention it in the article, but the second generation Tercel was also sold here in Norway. As far as I know it was only sold as a 4-wheel drive station wagon.

Moved from article space
Comments from User:<IP_ADDRESS>: "For the sake of truth and justice, there should exist some wikipedia link which illuminates the fact that this car was named after a type of hawk. A tercel is a bird of prey, they named their car for this. Also, many people have this name, because of the bird, I hope. Just a stub maybe, the avian origins of this name are lost even to a casual google for the love of knowledge....

Please, maybe just a note on the page? Tercel: a type of hawk. Also, there's a car named for it, and a bunch of people... What say?" SkerHawx 01:54, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

1980 tercel
ok, I actually went to the dudes website (his name is timo) who had the photograph, he said the photograph is scanned from a brochure and that he only has rights to use it on his own website, as such I will dlete this image since he cannot give us the rights to this picture. Someone try to find an ancient tercel clunking around and photograph it, I would try but I do not have a digital camera. TotallyTempo 16:34, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

1990 5 door hatchback.
This article claims that the 5 door hatchback was discontinued for the 1990 model year. This information is not correct, I own a 1990 5 door hatchback tercel. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:56, 2 May 2007 (UTC).

Yeah, and my dad had a 1990 3 door hatchback (nj) <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:34, 17 April 2021 (UTC)

Chile sections
I'm not sure I see anything in there that is particular to Chile. No mention of models being introduced earlier or produced later, no mention of engines which weren't available in other markets, except MAYBE that 1.3 liter carbureted engine in the 1991. Also some text is blatantly redundant, AND I have doubts as to whether ANY of this stuff was exclusive to Chile.

Someone from some other South American country might be able to confirm whether this stuff was South-America-wide. Andy Christ 21:45, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Worth mentioning?
...that "Corsa" in Europe is a Vauxhall/Opel (General Motors) hatchback that first appeared in the early-mid 90's? could add a link <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:05, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

Text lifted from press release
Much of the text of the article appears to have lifted from the Toyota Tercel History link listed at the bottom of the article. Otherwise, the article has nary a footnote. 842U (talk) 11:26, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

Coupe vs sedan
There seems to be a disagreement over whether the first gen is a 2-door coupe or a 2-door sedan. Toyota is notoriously unreliable when classifying its body types but generally coupe (or hardtop) is used for frameless windows on the doors or a lack of a B pillar (the pole just behind the door). Sedan normally means the windows have frame and the B pillar is present. Comments?  Stepho  talk 02:37, 13 November 2013 (UTC)

 * Obviously I agree with you, the problem is a German vandal (Flow92 aka Invitto aka Hamburg73 aka zillions of IPs) has a bee in his bonnet - he originally thought that the hatchback was the coupé, and then decided that the 2-door sedan was a coupé. In the US "coupe" is often used in the vernacular for what manufacturers call two-door sedans (often by magazine reviewers and sometimes even by advertising departments), so it is hard to argue anything 100% in this matter. Anyhow, the vandal is only arguing with me about this because he is massively confused about the Nissan Vanette chassis codes and names (an admittedly confusing matter) and so is trying to annoy me by reverting me across several projects. Cheers,  Mr.choppers |   ✎  23:54, 13 November 2013 (UTC)

American vs British spelling
The spelling has been changed from British to American with the following edit summary "Given this car has virtually no association with the UK, AUS, NZ, but a massive North American association, US spelling is certainly more appropriate, see MOS:TIES."

I know the Tercel was sold in the UK, Australia, New Zealand and Europe (and was reasonably popular in those markets in the budget end of the market). Which means this is an international article, meaning MOS:TIES to America doesn't apply and WP:ENGVAR says we should retain the original spelling used, which was British. Comments?  Stepho  talk 03:52, 14 December 2015 (UTC)

 * The only Tercel sold in Australia was the obscure L50 4WD. The same applies to NZ, although they have presumably have other grey imports there. Again, the L20 was also sold in the UK as the 4WD wagon only . One generation out of five.

 * In North America, each generation was sold there, selling prominently. The fact that almost all the photos are US spec further implies this. Japan also in general favours US spelling, you can see some research I did on the matter in 2012—every Japanese manufacturer used US spelling on their global websites; conversely, every European automaker used UK spelling except Audi. MOS:TIES clearly places this article in favour of US spelling.

 * Finally, applying MOS:RETAIN, the first revision to the article to introduced a regional variance was here and it uses US spelling. OSX (talk • contributions) 05:23, 14 December 2015 (UTC)

RWD?
My sister had a Tercel wagon, I think it was a 1980. It was a Rear wheel drive, Please correct your article. - signed <IP_ADDRESS>

 * Unfortunately, your memory (from how many years ago?) is wrong. Every version of the Tercel was either FWD or 4WD. Your sisters' wagon was probably the 4WD version. However, if you have some proof that it truly was RWD then we would be happy to see that proof.  Stepho  talk 22:23, 28 July 2017 (UTC)
 * The second generation Tercel wagon definitely did not have a RWD wagon, and the first generation didn't have a wagon or RWD. If it was RWD it was not a Tercel wagon. Toyota did have other small wagons that were RWD. Meters (talk) 00:02, 29 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Toyota Tercel


text:
Wikibooks talk:WikiProject Mathematics

Appendice via templates
I'd like other users' opinions on this idea. A lot of books on mathematics, especially on more advanced topics, relegate some of the necessary math to appendices. For example, a book on tensor calculus might in an appendix contain enough topology to define a differential manifold. I like this organization; it allows readers who are already familiar with the prerequisite material to jump into the real content right away, and it provides a handy reference.

Here is my idea: we could use templates to build up these appendices. If the book I am working on needs an intro to set theory in the appendix, I just add in the appropriate place. CyborgTosser 22:24, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I am a bit confused as to what you mean. But probably because I don't fully understand what the above code would do.  Is the idea to build up a standard set of appendices that could be used in any wikibook? Thenub314 (talk) 10:14, 6 January 2009 (UTC)

Hello
This is a quick hello to see who is out there in working on wikibooks. Seeing how the last edit was in 2011, getting a reply here seems a bit much to hope for, but it couldn't hurt. Thenub314 (talk) 10:15, 6 January 2009 (UTC)

Abstract Algebra

 * Hi. I am working on Abstract Algebra/Group Theory now. Anyone interested? Arydye001 (talk) 15:00, 25 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I would be interested once the summer break ends. I have left a more detailed note at your talk page.  Thenub314  ( talk ) 10:17, 26 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm intrested in Apollonian groups, kleinian groups. Because I'm not mathemticien i would like to read about basic theory and practical algorithms to compute it. --Adam majewski (talk) 20:13, 27 July 2010 (UTC)

* Courses
An anonymous IP editor has created several *Courses mathematics books (along with *Courses in other subjects) that are often poorly translated and had contained copyright violations of Wikipedia content (which I deleted). Arithmetic Course, Calculus Course, Trigonometry Course, and Geometry Course are specific to this WikiProject. – Adrignola discuss 02:39, 18 February 2011 (UTC)
 * I can't see the point of Trigonometry Course, given the existence of Trigonometry. It isn't even in English; one page is called Square Triangle.  I am minded to move its deletion.--Wisden (discuss • contribs) 12:18, 18 February 2011 (UTC)

 * As I noted in a general note to others, three previous books created by this editor were deleted due to low quality/redundancy. I've tried to encourage contributions to existing books, but just as the person won't create an account for easier interaction, they also do not respond to any comments/queries left on the IP discussion pages. – Adrignola discuss 14:04, 18 February 2011 (UTC)

title: Wikibooks talk:WikiProject Mathematics


text:
Jūrō Kara

Jūrō Kara (唐十郎) was a Japanese avant-garde playwright, theatre director, author, actor, and songwriter. He was at the forefront of the Angura ("underground") theatre movement in Japan.

Career
Graduating from Meiji University, Kara formed his own theatre troupe, Jōkyō Gekijo (Situation Theatre), in 1963. They began performing in a red tent in Hanazono Shrine in Shinjuku in 1967. According to the theatre historian, David G. Goodman, "Kara conceived his theatre in the premodern mold of kabuki—not the sanitized, aestheticized variety performed today, but the erotic, anarchic, plebeian sort performed during the Edo period (1600–1868) by itinerant troupes of actors who were rejected by bourgeois society as outcasts and 'riverbed beggars.' Emulating their itinerant forebears, Kara and his troupe performed throughout Japan in their mobile red tent." Kara won the Kishida Prize for Drama for Shojo kamen (The Virgin's Mask) in 1969, and the Akutagawa Prize for his novel Sagawa-kun kara no tegami in 1982. He later became a professor at Yokohama National University.

The Little Theatre Movement
The "Little Theatre" movement, also known as Angura, sought to free itself of the mainstream social norms and fixated on fantasy and dream versus the realistic portrayal of daily life of other theatrical forms. It was widely popular with the public because the new forms were more entertaining than enlightening and did not require a high level of education to be enjoyed.

The Little Theatre Movement in 1960s Japan didn't arise from nothing. It corresponded with many foreign influences such as the rise of the Off-Off-Broadway movement in New York, the productions of The Living Theatre, and Polish director Jerzy Grotowski's ideas of the importance of the body, who also had many of his writings translated into Japanese at the time. These and other experiments had a very real influence in Japan, but it would be wrong to conclude that it was foreign works that led to the birth of the Small Theatre Movement in Japan. The movement was very much a Japanese development which cultivated on Japanese soil even though it also received stimulation from the so-called international avant-garde. In Japan, this produced a few important things. First of all, it had created a bona fide and authentic Japanese contemporary theatre rooted in the Japanese character in lieu of being an imitation of the west. Second, these groups began creating their own works instead of depending on translated work often with the director of the company, usually a resident playwright, writing and staging a play on a subject of their choice. Third, the structure of dramatic literature in Japan transformed immensely. What was once mainly linear, realistic plays, became complex, multi-layered structures where time sequences were distorted and where the barriers that disconnected the ordinary from the extraordinary and reality from illusion were cast away. Fourth, there was a new attentiveness to the body of the actor, a movement away from the texts and oration. Kara's theory of the privileged body and Tadashi Suzuki's physical method arose from this range of work. This was a pursuit to absorb into contemporary theatre some of the characteristics of traditional Japanese theatre where the actor was primary over the text. Fifth, the theatre spaces were evolving. Formal theatres weren't the only places to venue performances anymore. Works were performed in small theatres, open spaces, tents, and even streets. And finally, there were numerous pursuits to bridge the gap between the traditional and contemporary. reinventing the practices and aesthetics of centuries of traditional theatre was a component in the creation a rooted theatre.

The Situation Theatre
During the 1960s and 1970s, established theatre companies had risen and fallen with a handful of them closing down entirely or renewing themselves with new names and directors. Many tried to rejuvenate theatre into something immediate and alive, which led to a myriad of approaches to that goal. Some tried new dramatic form, and others attempted to transform "modern theatre" by exploiting the pre-modern aspects in our lives. It was during those years that a new movement of spirit started to arise in the shingeki community as alternative-minded producing parties started appearing with distinct differences to those that had appeared before. Jūrō Kara formed one of the first major alternative groups called Jōkyō Gekijo (Situation Theatre), which was later known as Kara-gumi (the Kara Group). Kara and his Situation Theatre for example, explored the idea of freeing themselves from the limits of the theatre buildings.

The red tent had become as much their trademark as it was their mobile theatre. But Kara and his troupe didn't want to prove that they too could hop onto the bandwagon of bringing culture to the masses. Instead, he wanted to disprove the notion that people ought to be cultured. The ideas that Kara experimented with were based in the spirit of traditional Japanese theatre. In the past, actors couldn't even live amongst the poorest men and were treated with ridicule, yet at the same time they captivated those in the normal world. It was somewhat masochistic to attend the actors' performances, because the audience intentionally immersed themselves in a climactic world created by the lowly. The idea was that they felt the actors reflected their darker, more suppressed desires, frustrations, and hardships placed on them by the outside world. He implemented kabuki techniques and referred to the actors as "riverbed beggars", referencing the founding of kabuki.

Influences
One of the first companies that headed into the post-shingeki style of theatre was the Youth Art Theatre (Seinen Geikutsu Gekijō), established in 1959 by actors trained in Mingei's training program who were provided no spot in the shingeki troupe upon finishing their training. This group was also driven by the intensity and passion arising from their experiences participating in the massive Anpo Protests against the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty in 1959 and 1960. Yoshiyuki Fukuda, a committed socialist, joined Seinen as the resident playwright, best known for his work Find Hakamadare! (Hakamadare wa doko da, 1964), in which peasants look for a legendary hero to lead them. When he is exposed to being a self-serving opportunist and tells them a secret police is needed for his rule, they kill him and set up their own government. Fukuda had influenced Kara, as well as Minoru Betsuyaku and Satoh Makoto, all influential angura playwrights who worked with Seinen.

Large figures like Yamazaki Tetsu, born in 1947, rose from the 1960s and lifted theatre into a new direction. Kara took him in as an assistant director after Yamazaki had dropped out of Hiroshima University in 1970.

Hideki Noda, born in 1955, who was also influenced by Kara Jūrō, was the founder of the Dream Wanderers (Yume no Yūminsha) in 1976 at the University of Tokyo.

The Theory of the Privileged Body
Through the theatre company Jōkyō Gekijo that Kara had created, he started to have guerrilla-like performances that adopted what is known as the tokkenteki nikutairon (the theory of the privileged body). He boldly affirmed that there was no longer a need for great play manuscripts in contemporary drama, and that it was the dramatic body of those who were on stage that was more important. Kara's beliefs of the "privileged body" was a dichotomy where the actor was a social pariah and a medium for the manifestation of the audience's dreams and desires.

In many of Kara's plays' dialogue, which have been criticized as being irrational, he removes the restraints of cause and effect. To counter the flowing and coherent narratives of modern drama, he liberates the bodies of the actors from the constraints of the script and brings back the bizarre and eerie being and grim emotions that arise from Japan's Noh and Kabuki tradition. One of Kara's major early works, Shōjo kamen (The Virgin's Mask 1969), which was translated by John K. Gillespie, details Kara's opposition to realism, which is embodied by Stanislavski's system. Gillespie had commented on Kara's emphasis on the bodies of the actors: "Kara recalls the very origin of kabuki and the riverbed beggars who were dissipating their bodies for the highest bidder but were looking, perhaps in vain, for a stage body through which they could express themselves." A short passage from the opening of Shōjo kamen will help to represent this point.

OLD WOMAN: It's what ghosts always want.

KAI: Which is? ...

OLD WOMAN: A body. (sings)

As time going by the virgin becomes an old woman,

if times till goes by I wonder if the old woman becomes a virgin.

I had children in the past,

only one of them, the smooth talker,

came back alone from the mountain -

Zarathustra rubbing his big grimy feet on my thighs,

this is a superman, rub, rub, rub.

Listen, mother, the body is big reason.

If so, Son, is the reason a bid body?

Then his big feet suddenly stopped ...

(Spoken, aside.) "Logic cannot make a U-turn so easily"

The creep of a superman with that mouth said,

in an instant putting his chin in his hand like a dwarf.

Alchemy to Saint-German.

The art of forming the eye to Merleau-Ponty.

To who[m] the art of forming the body?

As time goes by the virgin becomes an old woman,

if still time goes by

who knows the U-turn secret

of an old woman becoming a virgin?

OLD WOMAN AND KAI: (Together:) More than anybody, the body!

This text makes clear the absurdity of Kara's text and his obsession with the body.

Death
Kara died on 4 May 2024, at the age of 84.

Actor
Hanchô: Jinnansho Azumihan (TV Series, episode 4.1), 2011

Ekrio (TV Movie), 2009

The Woman Prosecutor of Kyōto (TV Series, episode 4.7), 2007

Dreaming of Light (as Jūrō Kara), 2005

Yoru o Kakete, 2002

Kita no Kuni Kara 2002 Yuigon (TV Movie), 2002

Dr. Akagi (as Umemoto), 1998

Umihoozuki (as Haida), 1995

800 Two Lap Runners (as Yasu-san), 1994

Rasuto Furankenshutain, 1991

Jazz Daimyo (as Kyunosuke), 1986

Yasha-ga-ike (as Denkichi), 1979

The Boxer, 1977

Kyōfu Gekijō Umbalance (TV Series), 1973

Demons (as Sango),1971

Zenigeba, 1970

Violated Angels (as The Handsome Boy), 1967

Summer (as Yoshihide Ôtsuru), 1956

Writer
Dreaming of Light (novel "Garasu no Tsukai" - as Jūrō Kara) / (screenplay - as Jūrō Kara), 2005

Nonki na Neesan (novel), 2004

Genji Monogatari: Asaki Yume Mishi (written by), 2000

Umihoozuki, 1995

Namidabashi (writer), 1983

Violated Angels, 1967

Director
Genkai-Nada, 1976

Self
The Shiatorikaru: Juro Kara and His Stagework (Documentary, as himself), 2007

Gekiteki Document Report '78-'79 (Documentary, as himself), 1979

Diary of a Shinjuku Thief (as himself/singer), 1969

Honours

 * Person of Cultural Merit (2021)

title: Jūrō Kara


text:
Revelation principle

The revelation principle is a fundamental result in mechanism design, social choice theory, and game theory which shows it is always possible to design a strategy-resistant implementation of a social decision-making mechanism (such as an electoral system or market). It can be seen as a kind of mirror image to Gibbard's theorem. The revelation principle says that if a social choice function can be implemented with some non-honest mechanism—one where players have an incentive to lie—the same function can be implemented by an incentive-compatible (honesty-promoting) mechanism with the same equilibrium outcome (payoffs).

The revelation principle shows that, while Gibbard's theorem proves it is impossible to design a system that will always be fully invulnerable to strategy (if we do not know how players will behave), it is possible to design a system that encourages honesty given a solution concept (if the corresponding equilibrium is unique).

The idea behind the revelation principle is that, if we know which strategy the players in a game will use, we can simply ask all the players to submit their true payoffs or utility functions; then, we take those preferences and calculate each voter's optimal strategy before executing it for them. This procedure means that an honest report of preferences is now the best-possible strategy, because it guarantees the mechanism will play the optimal strategy for the player.

Examples
Consider the following example. There is a certain item that Alice values as $$v_A$$ and Bob values as $$v_B$$. The government needs to decide who will receive that item and in what terms.
 * A social-choice-function is a function that maps a set of individual preferences to an optimal social outcome. An example function is the utilitarian rule, which says "give the item to a person that values it the most". We denote a social choice function by Soc and its recommended outcome given a set of preferences by Soc(Prefs).
 * A mechanism is a rule that maps a set of individual actions to a social outcome. A mechanism Mech induces a game which we denote by Game(Mech).
 * A mechanism Mech is said to implement a social-choice-function Soc if, for every combination of individual preferences, there is a Nash equilibrium in Game(Mech) in which the outcome is Soc(Prefs). Two example mechanisms are:
 * "Each individual says a number between 1 and 10. The item is given to the individual who says the lowest number; if both say the same number, then the item is given to Alice". This mechanism does NOT implement the utilitarian function, since for every individual who wants the item, it is a dominant strategy to say "1" regardless of his/her true value. This means that in equilibrium the item is always given to Alice, even if Bob values it more.
 * First-price sealed-bid auction is a mechanism which implements the utilitarian function. For example, if $$v_B>v_A$$, then any action profile in which Bob bids more than Alice and both bids are in the range $$(v_A,v_B)$$ is a Nash-equilibrium in which the item goes to Bob. Additionally, if the valuations of Alice and Bob are random variables drawn independently from the same distribution, then there is a Bayesian Nash equilibrium in which the item goes to the bidder with the highest value.
 * A direct-mechanism is a mechanism in which the set of actions available to each player is just the set of possible preferences of the player.
 * A direct-mechanism Mech is said to be Bayesian-Nash-Incentive-compatible (BNIC) if there is a Bayesian Nash equilibrium of Game(Mech) in which all players reveal their true preferences. Some example direct-mechanisms are:
 * "Each individual says how much he values the item. The item is given to the individual that said the highest value. In case of a tie, the item is given to Alice". This mechanism is not BNIC, since a player who wants the item is better-off by saying the highest possible value, regardless of his true value.
 * First-price sealed-bid auction is also not BNIC, since the winner is always better-off by bidding the lowest value that is slightly above the loser's bid.
 * However, if the distribution of the players' valuations is known, then there is a variant which is BNIC and implements the utilitarian function.
 * Moreover, it is known that second price auction is BNIC (it is even IC in a stronger sense—dominant-strategy IC). Additionally, it implements the utilitarian function.

Proof
Suppose we have an arbitrary mechanism Mech that implements Soc.

We construct a direct mechanism Mech' that is truthful and implements Soc.

Mech' simply simulates the equilibrium strategies of the players in Game(Mech). i.e.
 * Mech' asks the players to report their valuations.
 * Based on the reported valuations, Mech' calculates, for each player, his equilibrium strategy in Mech.
 * Mech' returns the outcome returned by Mech.

Reporting the true valuations in Mech' is like playing the equilibrium strategies in Mech. Hence, reporting the true valuations is a Nash equilibrium in Mech', as desired. Moreover, the equilibrium payoffs are the same, as desired.

Finding solutions
In mechanism design, the revelation principle is importance in finding solutions. The researcher need only look at the set of equilibria characterized by incentive compatibility. That is, if the mechanism designer wants to implement some outcome or property, they can restrict their search to mechanisms in which agents are willing to reveal their private information to the mechanism designer that has that outcome or property. If no such direct and truthful mechanism exists, no mechanism can implement this outcome by contraposition. By narrowing the area needed to be searched, the problem of finding a mechanism becomes much easier.

Variants
The principle comes in various flavors corresponding to different kinds of incentive-compatibility:
 * The dominant-strategy revelation-principle says that every social-choice function that can be implemented in dominant-strategies can be implemented by a dominant-strategy-incentive-compatible (DSIC) mechanism. This variant was first introduced by Allan Gibbard.
 * The Bayesian-Nash revelation-principle says that every social-choice function that can be implemented in Bayesian-Nash equilibrium (Bayesian game, i.e. game of incomplete information) can be implemented by a Bayesian-Nash incentive-compatibility (BNIC) mechanism. This broader solution concept was introduced by Dasgupta, Hammond and Maskin; Holmström; and Myerson.

The revelation principle also works for correlated equilibria: for every arbitrary coordinating device a.k.a. correlating, there exists another direct device for which the state space equals the action space of each player. Then the coordination is done by directly informing each player of his action.

title: Revelation principle


text:
Mallikarjuna Temple, Kuruvatti

The Mallikarjuna temple is located in the town of Kuruvatti (also spelt Kuruvathi) in the Bellary district of Karnataka state, India. The temple was constructed in the early 12th century rule of the Western Chalukya Empire (also known as the Later or Kalyani Chalukya empire). The temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India.

Art historian Adam Hardy classifies the architectural style and guild involved in the construction of the temple as a "trans-Tungabhadra branch" of the "mainstream Lakkundi school" of the Later Chalukya style of architecture.

The art historian Ajay Sinha classifies the Kuruvatti style to be a third idiom, the other two being the Lakkundi and Itagi (or Ittagi) schools. He describes the overall achievement at Kuruvatti as "majestic", despite a lack of artistic over indulgence. The building material used is soapstone According to Sinha, a 1099 A.D. inscription at the temple claims it was constructed in service of the god "Abhinava Someshvara" and that the temple also went by the name "Ahavamallesvara". He recants that both names are associated with the deceased Chalukya King Someshvara I who committed voluntary suicide at Kuruvatti in 1062. Sinha feels the temple may have been constructed between 1070 and 1100 in his memory by his heir apparent, the King Vikramaditya VI.

Temple plan
The Mallikarjuna temple has a single shrine with a superstructure or tower (ekakuta vimana ) with porched entrances from three sides.

According to the art historian Adam Hardy, the existing tower (shikhara) is a later day re-construction.

But the art historian Henry Cousens feels the superstructure and its Kalasha (decorative structure at the peak of tower) are original, though the tower has been whitewashed in more recent times. The temple consists of a sanctum (garbhagriha), an antechamber (also called vestibule or antarala) which connects the sanctum to a gathering hall (sabhamantapa), two halls (mukhamantapa) on either side, and independent of the main temple complex and to the east, a hall (nandimantapa) containing a sculpture of Nandi (the bull, a companion of the Hindu god Shiva). The outer walls of the shrine and hall (mantapa) have been provided with projections and recesses giving rise to niches, in which, in relief, are pilasters (including a new Chalukyan variety), miniature decorative towers (turrets or aedicule), sculptures of Hindu gods, and women displaying stylized feminine features (salabanjika or madanika). According to Cousens, the presence of miniature decorative towers on the shrine walls is noteworthy because most other Western Chalukya constructions have these reliefs only on the superstructure over the shrine. Cousens feels the specimens of makara (mythical beasts) on the shrine walls are exceptionally delicate with "tails of flowing arabesque" standing out free from the background material. Inside, the entrance to the antechamber has a highly decorated lintel with motifs of aquatic creatures (makara torana).

title: Mallikarjuna Temple, Kuruvatti


text:
User:Jackylumberjack

I'm a lazy student that only woke up about an hour ago, my bed is my sanctuary and I was probably a cat in a past life-- actually I'm probably a cat in this life. All I want in life is an entire room filled with teddies and pillows that I can live in.

title: User:Jackylumberjack