text:
User:Ksundaramurthy/sandbox

Article Evaluation
At-Risk Students

This Wiki page is quite well-developed and descriptive of many aspects of at-risk youth. However, under the At-risk students globally section, nothing is written under North America. This is definitely a gap I can work to fill. The article also lists some programs for at-risk youth, and describes Title 1, Big Brothers Big Sisters of America, and Reading Rockets. I'm sure there are several others that are unlisted, but definitely feel it would be valuable to include information about the YMCA, with its reputation and long-standing history.

The article also has a section on Contributing factors documented in the United States, under which Poverty is listed and described very briefly. Having been learning about global poverty, and also working with students from lower socio-economic statuses, I would like to elaborate more on what effect poverty has on at-risk youth.

East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)

This Wiki page has a section on "Culture", in which it describes things related to music, sports, art, and local festivals. It touches on all of these topics very briefly, basically giving one/two examples of each of these items. However, it does not at all address the prominent subcultures of the Bay, which is famous for its progressive culture, and the impact of larger countercultures on places in the Bay. For example, the Free Speech Movement (which is very relevant today) has massively shaped Berkeley, California. Policing practices and social justice issues are always aflame in Oakland. These cultural identities and groups play a role in shaping the lives of individuals, starting from the youth, which is really important to understand when working with these populations.

Scholarly Sources and Summaries
East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)

“Living for the City: Migration, Education, and the Rise of the Black Panther Party in Oakland, California.” Contemporary Sociology, vol. 42, no. 1, 2013, pp. 134–135. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41722851.

Murch has discussed how youth in Oakland have developed their racial and class consciousness from their experience and history of marginalization in schools and by the police... and the eventual formation of political consciousness. This atmosphere provides insight into the motivations and sentiments of the Black Panther Party, and the effects it had on residents in the Bay Area and around the country. Discussing the Blank Panther movement, which originated in Oakland, and was intertwined with issues concerning public education, is significant and should be mentioned. It captures the history, culture, and movement of the East Bay, and is very influential in today's East Bay cultural and political scene as well. ->era of expansion and political struggle in California's system of public higher education... ->people faced a declining local economy, an increasingly hostile state and local government, and an uncertain future at this time... ->Youth activism

Mulloy, D. J. "New Panthers, Old Panthers and the Politics of Black Nationalism in the United States." Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 44, no. 3, July 2010, pp. 217-238. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/0031322X.2010.489732.

San Francisco Bay Area : Its People, Prospects and Problems. San Francisco : the associates, 1948., 1948. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat04202a&AN=ucb.b10321097&site=eds-live.

This overview of the Bay's people and problems both touches on the culture, past/future, and issues that are faced in the area. I think this is hugely relevant to my Area study, as well as in understanding the place of the Bay in this time in history.

"What We Don't Learn about the Black Panther Party — but Should. (Cover Story)." Rethinking Schools, vol. 32, no. 1, Fall2017, pp. 26-33.

->revolutionary socialist ideology ->fought in Black communities across the nation for giving the poor access to decent housing, health care, education... ->relationships with other civil rights organizations ->Black liberation struggle

Jones, Brenda Payton. "The BLACK PANTHERS STILL MAKING a DIFFERENCE." Ebony, vol. 62, no. 4, Feb. 2007, p. 190.

->status quo rapidly changing... starting with protests against police brutality ->national free breakfast program... reduce child hunger ->sickle cell anemia testing.. health programs directed towards Black populations ->political representation ->coalition politics

Murch, Donna. "The Campus and the Street: Race, Migration, and the Origins of the Black Panther Party in Oakland, CA." Souls, vol. 9, no. 4, Oct, 2007, pp. 333-345.

->BPP movement best understood through historical movements that produced it ->these include familiar cycles of poverty and debt... and incarceration ->College campuses as major sites of organizing

artists/ low wage - https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/the-complex-hustle-of-oaklands-bart-dancers/Content?oid=9611714

African American Culture

Richardson, Elaine and Gwendolyn Pough. "Hiphop Literacies and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture." Social Identities, vol. 22, no. 2, Mar. 2016, pp. 129-132.

Introduces several different essays about hip hop and Black popular culture. Regards hip hop as an "artistic, social, and cultural movement", and as something that reflects local and global histories and concerns and cultures. It introduces hip hop as a site of interrogation. "Youth in other countries are using hip-hop to (re)construct, maintain, and negotiate their local situations and identities."

Nelson, Angela M. "Black Popular Culture (US)." Encyclopedia of Race and Racism, edited by Patrick L. Mason, 2nd ed., vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2013, pp. 275-284. Gale Virtual Reference Library, go.galegroup.com.libproxy.berkeley.edu/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=ucberkeley&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CCX4190600082&asid=38dd867994dbaddab8ce01acae1b5e85. Accessed 8 Nov. 2017.

Ramsey, Guthrie P. Race Music : Black Cultures from Behop to Hip-Hop. University of California Press, 2004. acls humanities e-book.

Kitwana, Bakari. The Hip Hop Generation : Young Blacks and the Crisis in African American Culture. New York : Basic Civitas, c2002., 2002.

Kitwana discusses the historical and cultural movement seen through hip hop, characterized by her as graffiti, breakdancing, DJing, and rap music. She discusses rappers as emissaries of new Black youth culture, and talks about it in relation to street culture, prison culture, and other subcultures. She regards hip hop culture as one that calls for change across several areas in society, including race, class, gender, and ethnicity. I think this source is great to use in the social and political section of the page-- hip hop here is presented as a cultural movement that translates to political power.

Porfilio, Brad J.1, et al. "Ending the 'War against Youth:' Social Media and Hip-Hop Culture as Sites of Resistance, Transformation and (Re) Conceptualization." Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies (JCEPS), vol. 11, no. 4, Nov. 2013, pp. 85-105.

In this paper, we see some of the issues of perception surrounding hip hop. The authors discuss the role hip hop, and hip hop artists play, in activism and fighting social injustices. It also talks about hip hop as a tool for the youth to empower themselves and be critical of their own oppression-- which is exactly what I see at the YMCA.

Dodds, Sherril. "Hip Hop Battles and Facial Intertexts." Dance Research, vol. 34, no. 1, May 2016, pp. 63-83.

Discusses role of facial expression in African American dance... discusses cultural history and relevance in dance forms. "I suggest that the African American male face has been socially and historically fixed within a racist facial polarity: the solemn face of criminality and death, and the grinning mask of the minstrel entertainer...criminality and death are indexed to black male youth, and the circulating media images of recent police brutality in relation to young African American men clearly perpetuate representations of a grave black face." Hip hop in this way is used as a dialogue exchange, and is an "African diasporic movement practice".

DeFrantz, Thomas. Dancing Revelations: Alvin Ailey's Embodiment of African American Culture. Oxford University Press, 2004. acls humanities e-book.

Talks about how Ailey's choreography engaged the "act of being black". Talks about dance-making as something that emerged with civil rights movements in the 1960's... definition of "blackness" has so evolved as well.

Henderson, Aneeka. "Black Political and Popular Culture: The Legacy of Richard Iton." Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture & Society, vol. 16, no. 3/4, Jul-Dec2014, pp. 198-208.

Examines the link between black popular culture and political culture. "the 'continued overinvestment in cultural politics,’ that weds popular and political culture, highlights the ‘perceived inadequacies of the American state (and the nation-state as a general concept); the short-comings of the civil rights movement on a variety of fronts, including most prominently class, gender, and sexuality.’"

Turfing

"Conscious Quiet as a Mode of Black Visual Culture." Black Camera: The New Series, vol. 8, no. 1, Fall2016, pp. 146-154.

-> RIP Oscar Grant shot at Fruitvale station -> dance as a constant social critique -> first video, dancers danced on the ground that Grant was "last alive" (interesting word choice) ->"black and brown people memorializing each other while resisting brutality" ->"Their movements are meditative, focused, and conjuring... akin to peace"

"Shot and Captured." Tdr-The Drama Review-The Journal of Performance Studies, vol. 58, no. 2, n.d., pp. 99-114.

->Recognition of blackness and lives taken ->hood dance practice of turfing- empathy for and politicized awareness of black life and lives lived. ->Hood dancing blurs the lines of racialized distinctions, like those of commercial/political, entertainment/art, sacred/secular, aural/kinesthetic. ->turf referring to ground- soil- roots ->intertextual: linked to local language, rap lyrics, street culture, fashion ->kinship, continuity, and stability ->transformative power of art- progressive discourse of “urban youth” in crisis ->response to the loss of African American lives, police brutality, and race relations in Oakland

"From Streets To Stage, Two Dance Worlds See Harmonization And Chaos." Weekend Edition Saturday, 23 Jan. 2016. Literature Resource Center, go.galegroup.com.libproxy.berkeley.edu/ps/i.do?p=LitRC&sw=w&u=ucberkeley&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA442019322&asid=3532d05de97e18b5b3e990197018a880. Accessed 8 Nov. 2017.

->mashup of turf dance and ballet ->'turfers' perform on trains ->a lot of turfers "come from the struggle" ->usually performed to freestyle to hip-hop or rap music

SOMMER, SALLY. "Balletic Breakin'." Dance Magazine, vol. 86, no. 1, Jan. 2012, p. 90.

->"turf" as an acronym for "taking up room on the floor" -> Oakland dancers include "No Noize", "Man", "BJ", and "Dreal.

Simms, Renee. "Immortal Dance in the Age of Michael Brown." Southwest Review, no. 1, 2017, p. 74.

-> Group called Turf Feinz, explicitly addresses police brutality in video dedicated to Oscar Grant ->other videos by this group and other dance crews address the topic indirectly ->shared aesthetics that can be read as resisting the status quo. Dancers of color gather in 'unsafe' places--parking lots, public parks, busy street corners, the middle of a residential street. ->in this article, turfing is referred to as "hit dem folks"

Bragin, Naomi Elizabeth, (Author). "Black Street Movement: Turf Dance, YAK Films and Politics of Sitation in Oakland, California." ["Collected Work: Dance and the social city. Published by: Birmingham, Ala: Society of Dance History Scholars, 2012. Pages: 51-57. (AN: 2012-21017)"].

->links direct action protest, social media, movement aesthetics, collectivity, and violence. ->'collective movement' ->"critique of Oakland’s unreported history of policing, violence, and death, publicizing people whose daily reality constitutes these sites" ->street culture of black Oakland youth

At-Risk Students

Ciocanel, Oana, et al. "Effectiveness of Positive Youth Development Interventions: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." Journal of Youth & Adolescence, vol. 46, no. 3, Mar. 2017, p. 483. Stevenson, Brian J. "Developing a Career Counseling Intervention Program for Foster Youth." Journal of Employment Counseling, vol. 54, no. 2, June 2017, pp. 75-86. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1002/joec.12055.

Weinrath, Michael, et al. "Mentorship: A Missing Piece to Manage Juvenile Intensive Supervision Programs and Youth Gangs?." Canadian Journal of Criminology & Criminal Justice, vol. 58, no. 3, July 2016, p. 291.

->"The term mentor has traditionally been used to describe a process by which an older person volunteers to engage in a relationship with a younger person that serves to assist in his or her personal development. The mentor can work as a role model, as a teacher of social skills and values, and as a counselor." ->mentorship programs’ effects on problem behavior... use of “best practices” such as training, structure, and expectations clearly communicated to mentors improve program impact...find that strong relationships between mentors and mentees improve program efficacy.

The global distribution of risk factors by poverty level. Blakely, T, et al. "The Global Distribution of Risk Factors by Poverty Level." Bulletin of the World Health Organization, vol. 83, no. 2, Feb. 2005, pp. 118-126.

->association between poverty and the prevalence of major risk factors for ill-health at the individual level ->With these caveats in mind, our findings are consistent with patterns evident in other studies that have found poverty to be associated with multiple risks to health ->"double burden of disease"

Obsuth, Ingrid, et al. "Substance Dependence Disorders and Patterns of Psychiatric Comorbidity among At-Risk Teens: Implications for Social Policy and Intervention." Court Review, vol. 46, no. 1/2, Jan. 2010, pp. 24-29.

Schrobenhauser-Clonan, Alexander P. "The Effects of a Classroom-Based Yoga Intervention on Social and Emotional Functioning in Urban At-Risk Youth." 2013.

O'Donnell, Julie and Sandra L. Kirkner. "Helping Low-Income Urban Youth Make the Transition to Early Adulthood: A Retrospective Study of the YMCA Youth Institute." Afterschool Matters, no. 23, 01 Jan. 2016, pp. 18-27

-> urban youth develop the knowledge, skills, and supports needed to transition into higher education and the workforce ->Low-income urban youth of color often face challenges in their transition to early adulthood. High school programs that promote positive youth development may help youth to better negotiate this period Knight, Alice, et al. "The Quality and Effectiveness of Interventions That Target Multiple Risk Factors among Young People: A Systematic Review." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, vol. 41, no. 1, Feb. 2017, p. 54.

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3102/00028312032003493 Addressing race, culture, and language diversity, are essential in providing accessible education for all. These factors should be considered in doing work with at-risk students, especially in the context of poverty. I think I can add relevant information about addressing these diversities, in the poverty section of the article.

Stone, Susan and Jamie Zibulsky. "Maltreatment, Academic Difficulty, and Systems-Involved Youth: Current Evidence and Opportunities." Psychology in the Schools, vol. 52, no. 1, Jan. 2015, pp. 22-39.

Vries, Sanne L. A., et al. "Practitioner Review: Effective Ingredients of Prevention Programs for Youth at Risk of Persistent Juvenile Delinquency - Recommendations for Clinical Practice." Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, vol. 56, no. 2, Feb. 2015, pp. 108-121.

->Prevention programs have positive effects on preventing persistent juvenile delinquency. In order to improve program effectiveness, interventions should be behavioral-oriented, delivered in a family or multi-modal format, and the intensity of the program should be matched to the level of risk of the juvenile.

Ridings, Kelley R. The Place of At-Risk Factors among Students Graduating or Dropping Out of High School: A Study of Path Analyses. [Electronic Resource]. 2010.

Adolescents living in a high poverty neighborhood increases the achievement gap. There is a negative relationship between academic achievement and ecological risk factors. There is a positive relationship between ecological risk factors and problem behaviors. Youth living in poverty are among those students who face the highest degree of risk. Racial ethnic groups perform at different achievement levels from their White counterparts. There are academic, social-behavioral, and familial risk factors.

https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=eZcJAAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=at-risk+youth&ots=7H5eg56z4b&sig=AQjbQdJhhERCFX76vgCDwKxanuI#v=onepage&q=at-risk%20youth&f=false

YMCA'

MJAGKIJ, NINA. "Light in the Darkness: African Americans and the YMCA, 1852-1946." 2015.

->symbolize power of racial solidarity ->African American men, facing lynchings, disenfranchisement, race riots, and Jim Crow laws, hoped that separate YMCAs would provide the opportunity to exercise in large numbers. ->understanding of the African American experience

O'Donnell, Julie and Sandra L. Kirkner. "Helping Low-Income Urban Youth Make the Transition to Early Adulthood: A Retrospective Study of the YMCA Youth Institute." Afterschool Matters, no. 23, 01 Jan. 2016, pp. 18-27.

Zald, Mayer N. and Patricia Denton. "From Evangelism to General Service: The Transformation of the YMCA." Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 8, no. 2, Sept. 1963, pp. 214-234.

"Young Men's Christian Association." Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, 2017, p. 1p. 1.

Each branch of the organization functions to serve the needs of its particular community. The Y has a long-standing association with youth work... the Hi-Y group has worked on leadership development of high school students' for a century. Resources for other social issues are also provided, including emergency shelter, job training, refugee settlement, day care for the elderly, and classes for people with disabilities.

http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=db77e933-55fb-4919-a34c-c3cc73f0ca3a%40sessionmgr4010&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=S0149718915300306&db=edselp This evaluation of the YMCA program in regards to its adolescent programming could provide valuable insight into the effectiveness of the Y's programs, and its reputation and overall efficacy as a community center.

“History - 2000 to Present.” The Y, www.ymca.net/history/2000-present.html.

->The Y’s signature program for social responsibility, makes its debut in 2014. The member-led community service program encourages Y members to find projects to improve their neighborhoods. ->In 2008, YMCAs added College Goal Sunday to their educational programs for youth, which helps low-income, at-risk or non-traditional students with the financial aid process—one of the most significant obstacles to college access and success. ->after-school programming ->youth development ->health programs combating diabetes, obesity, etc.

Summarizing and Synthesizing
East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area) Several organizations, including the Black Panthers, grew out of the revolutionary movements of Oakland.

African American Culture Page, under Dance Turfing is an dance form which emerged out of social and political movements in the Bay Area. This hood dance is response to the loss of African American lives, police brutality, and race relations in Oakland. The dance is an expression of Blackness, and one that integrates concepts of solidarity, social support, peace, and the discourse of the state of black people in our current social structures. The turf movement is also intertwined with several aspects of life experience, including hip hop, language, and street culture. This art uniquely addresses African American deaths, while using art to create kinship in the world, and is seen as a means to humanize blackness in the streets.

At-Risk Students

Introduction for "Interventions" There are several different forms of interventions for at-risk youth. Interventions are generally considered effective if they have positive impacts on individuals' risk behavior, academic achievement, pro-social behavior, sexual behavior, and psychological adjustment.

YMCA The YMCA has a separate programs, like the Teen Center in the East Bay, to equip students from low-income backgrounds for future college and career achievements.

Under the Poverty section: Risk Factors Impoverished environments can create several risk factors for youth, making them increasingly vulnerable to risk-behaviors and impacted life outcomes as they grow. Risk factors associated with poverty include substance abuse, violent behaviors, and psychological imbalance.

My Contributions: Final Edits and Additions
Politics and Social Issues in the African American page Added information on the intersection of African American culture, and Politics and Social Issues. Tried to connect it to the previous part.

These political and social sentiments have been expressed through hip-hop culture, including graffiti, break-dancing, rapping, and more. This cultural movement makes statements about historical, as well as present-day topics like street culture and incarceration, and often times expresses a call for change. Hip hop artists play a prominent role in activism and fighting social injustices, and has a cultural role in defining and reflecting on political and social issues.

Turfing, in the African American Culture page One of the uniquely African American forms of dancing, turfing, emerged out of social and political movements in the East Bay in the San Francisco Bay Area. Turfing is a hood dance and a response to the loss of African American lives, police brutality, and race relations in Oakland, California. The dance is an expression of Blackness, and one that integrates concepts of solidarity, social support, peace, and the discourse of the state of black people in our current social structures.

History, in the Turfing page Turfing is a social critique and recognition of lost African American lives, police brutality, and race relations in Oakland. This form of expression uniquely addresses African American deaths, while using art to create a politicized awareness of brutality against people of color. It is also seen as a means to humanize blackness, spread community, empathy, and peace in the same streets black lives were taken. Apart from being a unique hood dance form, turfing represents a collective movement, and is part of the street culture in the East Bay.

Under Culture, on the East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area) page The East Bay also has a rich history. One of the revolutionary movements founded in Oakland was the Black Panther organization.

YMCA, on the At-Risk Students page YMCA, or The Y, is an organization that promotes youth development, healthy living, and social responsibility. Over the years, the Y has provided various programming, some directed towards at-risk youth. The Y has engaged with social issues such as racial solidarity, job training, and classes for people with disabilities.

Poverty, on the At-Risk Students page The existing piece was not descriptive at all of risk factors that come from living in poverty.

Youth that come from low socio-economic status are more likely to be labeled “at-risk.” Impoverished environments can create several risk factors for youth, making them increasingly vulnerable to risk-behaviors and impacted life outcomes as they grow. Growing up in poverty is associated with several risk factors, including those social-behavioral (for example substance abuse), environmental (violent neighborhoods), ecological, and familial (exposure to psychological imbalance). These risk factors are shown to have negative correlations with academic achievement, and positive correlations with problem behaviors. Youth living in households with income under 50% of the federal poverty level are those most vulnerable.

Early Intervention on the At-Risk Students page Introduction for the section:

There are several different forms of interventions for at-risk youth. Interventions are generally considered effective if they have positive impacts on individuals' risk behavior, academic achievement, pro-social behavior, sexual behavior, and psychological adjustment. Effective interventions can also serve as a preventative measure for future risk behavior.

Addition to list of early interventions:
 * mentorship

title: User:Ksundaramurthy/sandbox


text:
Talk:HSwMS Wachtmeister (10)

Untitled
Why is this under the name Rhenania RH-98? --Dahlis 11:14, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:HSwMS Wachtmeister (10)


text:
Conplanet/Geography

Conworld : Conplanet : Geography

As with most conplanet creation, what you will do here depends on the degree of realism you want. This page assumes that you are going for a high level of realism; diversions from this are at your own discretion.

Oceans and Continents
On the Earth, the only real example we have of large bodies of water, ocean formation is tied closely with volcanism and tectonics. It appears that oceans are largely formed through water vapour expelled by volcanoes, as well as possibly from infalling comets.

The exact shapes of the continents are seemingly random, but there do seem to be tendencies:

 * Islands usually form over weak spots in tectonic plates (Hawai'i) or where continents have been torn, like taffy, leaving 'bits' behind.
 * If the coastline is close to a source of glaciers, it will have a jagged coastline or a rocky beach.
 * Sand that flows off of a coast could create shifting sandbars and sand islands, especially if it's in a sound.
 * Parts of continental plates are under water, causing relatively shallow shelf seas.

Prevailing Currents and Winds
Having a good understanding of prevailing winds will also help you to model your planet's weather.

Mountain Ranges
Mountains form on converging plate boundaries. Coastal Ranges are created by subducting oceanic plates thrusting up more magma below the crust. Volcanic peaks are formed by diverging or converging boundaries where magma is channelled through the crust. Age of mountains will have an effect on their appearance. For example: Sharp, angular summits will not exist in an ancient, eroded mountain chain, but will form in a newer, more active converging boundary.

Rivers
Notable characteristics about rivers:
 * Rivers usually rise in mountains and then flow to the sea.
 * They always start in high elevations and move to lower elevations.
 * Rivers primarily flow from the seaward sides of mountain ranges to the ocean.

That is why several important rivers start in the Himalayas and flow through India to the Pacific (the nearest ocean) rather than flowing through central Asia to the Arctic Ocean. (This is not exclusively true, though; the Mississippi, for example, starts from a rather nondescript lake in Minnesota and flows to the Gulf of Mexico, all the while going through relatively dry land. However, the Mississippi still travels downslope, and does not go to the relatively more distant Hudson Bay.)

Common mistakes of conworld creators in placing realistic rivers are:
 * Major rivers splitting far from their mouths. Real rivers do not do this.
 * Rivers going one side of a mountain range, through the mountains, to the other side. This would require rivers flowing from a low place to a high place. Going through pre-existing broad valleys is possible, but otherwise, the river would simply flow around the mountains.
 * Rivers that start in the ocean. This does not happen in real life.
 * Rivers flowing two ways out of the same lake. Again, this does not happen in real life. (Except for Gatun Lake and Balsam Lake, but both lakes exist as part of canal systems).

Elevation
That the height of certain geographical features varies widely from those of others seems self-explanatory, but it is a feature of Congeography that many conworlders forget to include. Knowing the elevation of certain areas on a given conmap can help with mapping rivers (as mentioned above), modeling a place's weather, and can even indirectly affect the culture of that area (due to advantages or disadvantages in location).

title: Conplanet/Geography


text:
Agbamevo Festival

The Agbamevo Festival (Kente Festival) is an annual festival celebrated by the chiefs and people of Agotime Traditional Area. It is located some kilometers east of Ho in the Volta Region of Ghana. It is usually celebrated in the month of August. They are Ga-Adangbes. The word Agbamevo means 'loom-cloth' in the Ewe Language.

Celebrations
During the festival, a durbar of chiefs and their subjects put on display different types of the Kente. There is also a competition of Kente weavers and the best is crowned the winner. During the evening, there is also 'Miss Kente' where they are selected.

Significance
The festival is celebrated because the people of Agotime claimed they introduced the Kente weaving art in Ghana. It attracts people both far and near.

title: Agbamevo Festival


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/RIMS Risk Maturity Model

The result was delete. There are two arguments being made to keep here: neither of them are particularly well-rooted in policy. One of them is by a brand-new user with no edits outside this subject, which long-standing convention suggests I am correct in discounting. Rhadow has written a strong nomination and the points raised in it have not been effectively rebutted.  A  Train talk 19:55, 4 October 2017 (UTC)

RIMS Risk Maturity Model

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Article describes a method and software to assess risk which is not yet notable. The references provided are a walled garden of two WP articles (this one and its producer company LogicManager) and three websites or portions: the software company's website logicmanager.com, a product promotion website riskmaturitymodel.com, and the resources portion of an industry trade group Trade group resources tab. Of the ten references given for this article, the following are either from sites controlled by the subject, authored by the subject, or are from press releases: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (7) and (10). A journal article (6) describes a positive effect from the use of the method, but appears not to assert notability according to WP:GNG. The two articles have been created by two SPAs, one of whom is the only defender of the LogicManager article at its AfD discussion. The company does at least $15 Million a year in sales, but it's third in its marketspace. One of competitors has an article, the other not. It appears both articles were created primarily for the purpose of promotion Rhadow (talk) 21:02, 20 September 2017 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, North America1000 16:05, 26 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Keep I’m new to Wikipedia, but I have done research in the past on ERM, and the RMM came up a lot in my research, so I am familiar with this subject and figured I’d take a crack at updating the page. Per Rhadow 's comment, I agree that the sources weren’t on par with WP’s independent sources stipulation. So I took the liberty of removing all sources that linked back to RIMS website, LogicManager’s website, and any press releases, and replaced them with independent third-party sources.
 * On to the aspect of your argument that deems this page promotional, I’m not sure I agree. RIMS is a non-profit educational organization, and the assessment is completely free for anyone to use, so this particular wiki page isn’t really selling anything.
 * On to whether the RMM is notable, I really think it is. The study you mentioned concludes that organizations who score highly on the RMM tend to be valued in the market 25% more than organizations who don’t. That is HUGE both for corporations in all industries and the risk management industry. The study was also conducted by a preeminent university in Europe in a peer-reviewed academic journal. It doesn’t get more independent and neutral than that I’d say. Access to this journal costs money, which WP does not have a problem with I believe, but in the interest of knowledge sharing, I’ve added a citation to a source that summarizes the study. Found here:http://www.riskmanagementmonitor.com/strong-erm-program-gives-companies-higher-market-value/
 * Another proof point of this model’s significance is that is has been recognized by the Executive Office of the President and the Office of Management and Budget as a way organizations can develop an effective ERM program, the development of which is lawfully required by all agencies. I’ve added in a paragraph to the wiki page detailing this notability. Source here: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/memoranda/2016/m-16-17.pdf Outlier11 (talk) 12:16, 26 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Observation -- Outlier11 the article reads, "Over 2,400 organizations have baselined their ERM maturity with the RIMS Risk Maturity Model for ERM." Given the author of the reference, the quote could as easily be, "I'm telling you that 2,400 organizations used a software tool my company builds, based on a method I invented, to generate a lead." As a new encyclopedia contributor, a member of the press, you need to be a bit more skeptical in your acceptance of assertions made by interested persons. Take, for example, the link to http://riskmaturitymodel.com. That's not an intellectually-independent reliable source.  The page is clearly promotional; it is copyrighted by the organization that just had its article deleted for being promotional.
 * As to the parallels to the CMM -- that model was published in its entirety by the SEI, against which an organization could be assessed or audited. One was free to engage in a self-administered baselining exercise, but it had no meaning. In any case, the model itself was available for the public to see.  I haven't seen the RMM itself.  Based on the references in this article, I'm guessing you haven't either. Rhadow (talk) 17:07, 26 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Comment Rhadow, unfortunately, someone undid the updates I made before you had a chance to look. All of the updates are there now. The person who removed them did not understand that we are allowed to edit a page during the deletion discussion, in fact, it is encouraged per wiki guidelines. I have removed the line you pointed out as promotional, as I agree it is not necessary information. To your other comments, the RMM is also free and open to the public. Anyone can look at the model and take the assessment. It is not at all gated. So yes, I have seen it. Outlier11(talk) 17:07, 26 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Comment -- Outlier11 for a first-time editor, you are well acquainted with the WP protocol. The RMM is not published in any of the links. That would be a good link. When I tried to access the baselining exercise, it was not free. It was behind a paywall that required me to join RIMS. Rhadow (talk) 20:12, 26 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Comment Rhadow, here is the link to the RMM: https://www.rims.org/resources/ERM/Pages/RiskMaturityModel.aspx If you think it would be a valuable add to the page, by all means! When accessing the assessment, you don't have to join RIMS or pay any money to them, you just simply create a user name and password to access the RMM. This is pretty standard when accessing most published, copyrighted material. Outlier11

 * Delete -- a non notable invention and part of a walled garden around LogicManager, since deleted. Both articles were being edited by the same set of editors, and the promotional intent here is quite clear. Beyond that, lacks sufficient in-depth coverage for stand-alone notability. K.e.coffman (talk) 02:52, 28 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep and improve. Risk maturity models are part of risk mgt theory and RIMS is well known in the field.  Basis of AfD seem to be around the original editor rather than actual notability. Oblivy (talk)
 * Delete - I was really hoping to find one keep today, but looking at the current sourcing and doing a Google search hasn't turned up enough media coverage to pass WP:GNG. There doesn't seem to be much here. TimTempleton (talk) (cont)  00:04, 4 October 2017 (UTC)


text:
Computer-aided design/Advanced software

Part of:
 * Engineering and Technology
 * Mechanical Engineering; Production and Design Engineering
 * Computer Aided Design Course

Introduction
In the previous lesson you created very simple 2D CAD models using widely available standards and tools. Several years ago, you would have spent a lot of time to achieve this. You would have had to design the database structure, object model, many algorithms and methods for input, output, transformations, visualizations and so on.

Today, advanced CAD models are built similar to our 2D example. Software engineers use available building blocks and standards to create CAD technologies with new, specialized tools and improved functionality.

3D modeling kernel
The majority of CAD software is not programed from scratch, rather it is built upon existing generic 3D modeling kernels. Usually kernels are available in the form of C libraries. Many have been developed by major software companies as a part of their CAD program and later licensed to other developers and companies.

Major kernels are:
 * ACIS from Spatial (since 2000 Dassault Systèmes subsidiary)
 * Parasolid from UGS
 * Granite from PTC
 * Open CASCADE

The best choice from a university perspective is Open CASCADE which is an open source program. You may use it freely to create your own project; you can study the code and even make improvements.

CAD software designers also use OpenGL and other standards to improve CAD functionality and performance.

OpenGL significantly improves the quality and speed of 3D model visualization, allowing the separate Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to handle graphics rendering and freeing up Central Processing Unit (CPU) capacity, which improves CAD performance and usability. OpenGL interface offers many ready to use functions that speed up CAD development. OpenGL is supported by OS (operating system) such as Windows or Unix. CAD so first call OS function, which is performed by OS or propagated to GPU using driver. Functions and complex calculation are so preferably done by fast and optimized GPU or, if required function is not supported by graphics card GPU, then software emulation is used and calculation is done by CPU. Modern graphic cards are in fact powerful computers that process commands. That is why they are expensive and power hungry. You should be aware of GPU role while it can dramatically improve CAD performance. When using particular CAD, graphics card features (especially supported standards) should be in concordance.

Example of OpenGL code, line from 0,0 to 100,100 coordinates: glBegin(GL_LINES); glVertex2f (0.0,0.0); glVertex2f (100.0,100.0); glEnd;

Similarly to OpenGL HPGL (Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language) improves the performance and quality of plotting, as well software development time. Drawing is delivered to plotter or printer not as a matrix of points calculated by CPU, but as a stream of HPGL commands. Usually plotter stores data on internal hard disk and then prints drawing off line, independently on computer. Plotter or printer processor than calculates printed points (in the case of inkjet plotters and printers or pen moves in the case of older pen plotters). HPGL is part of PCL (Printer Command Language) specification.

You will need:
 * Internet access and a browser

 * Computer Aided Design Course
 * Previous lesson

title: Computer-aided design/Advanced software


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nexxus Studios

The result was speedy delete. Speedy deleted by Deb: CSD A7: No credible indication of importance; CSD G11: Unambiguous advertising or promotion. Malcolmxl5 (talk) 05:12, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

Nexxus Studios

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Does not meet WP:NCORP, created by an editor with a clear conflict of interest and repeatedly submitted through AfC until it was eventually rejected. signed,Rosguill talk 04:50, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Film-related deletion discussions. signed,Rosguill talk 04:50, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Music-related deletion discussions. signed,Rosguill talk 04:50, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Companies-related deletion discussions. signed,Rosguill talk 04:50, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. signed,Rosguill talk 04:50, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete this clearly isn't notable. The COI editor should have just respected the rejections of the AfC about it. I'm tempted to vote salt also so it isn't recreated. Since the COI editor clearly doesn't have any respect for the process and will probably try creating it again. --Adamant1 (talk) 09:03, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment it appears to have been already deleted. -- Devoke water  (talk)  11:22, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * It appears that the initial editor tried to dodge the AfD by moving the article to userspace, it was moved back by another editor, and then deleted by . The initial editor has gone and started a new draft at User:Pulak Chakraborty/Nexxus studios. In light of all this, I agree with the call to salt the page. signed,Rosguill talk 14:38, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment can someone close this since the article has been deleted? --Adamant1 (talk) 13:48, 21 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Wanted (2005 TV series)

Untitled
Wanted was also a TV show in Britain a while back, a form of gameshow. Two contestants would have to travel around the country for a week, performing a certain task each day; a third would have to trail them and would gain points for photographing the "wanted" contestants during this time. The week's activites would come to a climax in the TV show itself, where the two "wanted" constestants would be in a phone box somewhere in the country and the third contestant had until the end of the show to find them. Rawling 14:49, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wanted (2005 TV series)


text:
Deepak Punia (wrestler)

Deepak Punia, is an Indian freestyle wrestle r supported by OGQ and Naib Subedar in the Indian Army. He won a silver medal at the 2019 World Wrestling Championships in the freestyle 86 kg category, where Hassan Yazdani of Iran, a wrestler that Punia idolises, won the final by walkover. Punia's silver medal did, however, secure him a place in the 2020 Summer Olympics. The Indian wrestler, born in Jhajjar district, Haryana, got another chance to go against Yazdani in the wrestling competition at the 2022 Asian Games – in the Men's freestyle 86 kg final. But Yazdani beat Punia 10-0 in a one-sided match.

Punia is the reigning Commonwealth champion in his weight category. He bagged a gold medal at the 2022 Birmingham Commonwealth Games after beating Pakistan's Muhammad Inam by a score of 3-0 in the 86kg final bout.

title: Deepak Punia (wrestler)


text:
User:Djmsilaban

Welcome!
Hi! My name is Maria and this is my user page. I am contributing to Wikipedia for a class that I'm currently taking about Crowdsourcing.

title: User:Djmsilaban


text:
User:Markworthen/sandbox/Should psychologists care about Wikipedia article quality?

Wikipedia educates more people about psychology than any other source
While textbooks and peer-reviewed journal articles are of course vital to developing the psychological sciences, how much of that knowledge is effectively transmitted to the general public?

Sure, media outlets publish articles and videos on psychological topics, and some of them are quite good, but none of those publishers come close to matching Wikipedia's readership.

Billions of people around the world consult Wikipedia for medical and health information. In addition, as noted by research librarians in a WebJunction webinar: "Wikipedia is a go-to resource for health and medical information, not just for the general public but for health care providers as well. Over 50% of physicians, and 94% of medical students use Wikipedia to find medical information on the internet."

Nearly 10 billion page views every month
Out of all the Wikipedias, the English Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org) receives about one-third of the Internet traffic. The remaining two-thirds goes to Wikipedia sites written in languages other than English. Nonetheless, the English-language Wikipedia receives a lot of visitors, who view a lot of articles. In one month alone, en.Wikipedia.org chocked up 9.7 billion page views (July 2020). Plus, many English-language articles are subsequently translated for Wikipedia sites in a variety of other languages.

Should we care whether or not the general public reads well-written, accurate psychology articles?
Thus, it is important for psychologists to themselves, "What do I want the public to know about [insert your favorite psychology topic here]?"

If you don't care whether or not the general public reads accurate information about psychology topics then my arguments will fall on deaf ears.

But if you want people around the world to read accurate, well-written articles about psychology-related topics, you might find yourself beginning to care about Wikipedia article quality, and valuing the hard work Wikipedians devote to improving the encyclopedia.

Heck, you might even want to join WikiProject Psychology and become a Wikipedia editor yourself. (And if you do, please feel free to contact me with any questions.) - Mark D Worthen PsyD (talk) [he/his/him] 17:32, 19 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Australian History/Contents

Chapters

 * Preface [[Image:25%.svg]]
 * Introduction [[Image:25%.svg]]
 * Australia Before European Settlement [[Image:25%.svg]]
 * Early Explorers (Before 1770) [[Image:75%.svg]]
 * Captain Cook (1770) [[Image:75%.svg]]
 * Explorers After Cook (After 1770)
 * Colonialism in Australia [[Image:25%.svg]]
 * Settlement of New South Wales (1788-1889)
 * Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) (1825-1889)
 * Swan River (Western Australia) (1829-1889)
 * South Australia (1836-1889)
 * Victoria (1850-1889)
 * Queensland (1859-1889)
 * The Road to Federation (1890-1900) [[Image:25%.svg]]
 * Early Years of Federation (1901-1909) [[Image:25%.svg]]
 * Australia Before and During World War I (1910-1919)
 * Australia Between the Wars (1920-1938)
 * The Great Depression in Australia (1930-1939)
 * World War II (1940-1949)
 * Aftermath of the War (1950-1959) [[Image:25%.svg]]
 * Australia in the Sixties (1960-1969)
 * The Whitlam - Fraser Years (1970-1979)
 * The Entrepreneurial Eighties (1980-1989) [[Image:25%.svg]]
 * Economic Rationalism, Reform, and Backlash (1990-1999) [[Image:25%.svg]]
 * Australia in the Age of Terror (2000-Present)
 * Bibliography
 * Glossary
 * Authors and Contributors [[Image:25%.svg]]

Links
This is a wiki textbook—feel free to edit it, update it, correct it, and otherwise increase its teaching potential.

title: Australian History/Contents


text:
Ada Programming/Libraries/MultiPurpose/AdaCL

Filtering of text files
This functionality is used for example in creating the extended booch components. It is also used in conjunction with AdaCL.CGI to create dynamic web pages.

String tools
A Get_Line which really works. Raw String I/O. Search and Replace in strings. A special string type with support for Internationalization.

Process control
Execution of external programs (inclusive redirection of standard input and standard output) Wait for a specific process on asynchronous execution. Read and Write to the process standard input and standard output. See os.html for more details.

Command line parsing
A high level command line parser for gnu style command lines.

A secount command line parser with support for internationalisation

CGI
A thick binding to the Common Gateway Interface (CGI). This most complete of all Ada binding to the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) and the only binding to support file upload “multipart/form-data”.

Garbage collector
An optional thick binding to the Boehm-Demers-Weiser conservative garbage collector. Removes the need to deallocate memory.

Components
Extension kit for the Ada95 Booch Components. Stores limited objects. This too, eases up memory management.

Library links
Per Sandberg Björn Persson Olga Krischik
 * Author      : Martin Krischik

Process control
This little tool triggers a rescan of the scsi bus on Linux system. I need it for the scanner and the USB Compact-Flash card reader which are both hot pluggable.

 * scanscsi.ads (view) (download)
 * scanscsi-Main.adb (view) (download)

Wikibook

 * Ada Programming
 * Ada Programming/Libraries
 * Ada Programming/Libraries/Distributed

Ada Reference Manual
- none apply -

|AdaCL


text:
User:RPGgamer571

hi made a user name to edit ONE article, and it was only one word... couldn't do it normally cause someone shares my IP (AOL) and i was always blocked - mby i'll make more edits in the future

title: User:RPGgamer571


text:
C++/Variables and User Input

Variables
Variables are used by the computer, as specified by you in your program, to record the current state of play at each step of the execution of your program so that your computer can suspend execution of your program at any point, step away, attend to some other matter, return and then continue its execution of your program without losing any information in the process.

The amount of work that a computer does in each step depends on the architecture of the computer, that is to say, how the computer has been designed.

Where are they held?
Variables are located in the minds of programmers and in the memory of computers. Programmers uses symbolic names to describe variables in their minds, for instance: 'the depth of the snow on the mountain' or "the amount of money in the customer's bank account". Ultimately, for reasons of efficiency, locations in computer memory are referred to by numbers often represented in awkward hexadecimal notation, for example: 0xcafebabe. The compiler assists programmers by managing the relationship between the symbolic and numeric representations of the locations of variables to reduce the number of errors that programmers would surely make if there were required to refer to every variable they have in mind purely by its current location in the memories of their computers.

C++ requires the programmer to use names constructed solely from letters chosen from a through z, A through Z, and numbers chosen from 0 through 9. C++ considers upper case letters to be different from lower case lowercase letters. Names must start with a letter.

Thus C++ allows :

a

to be used as a variable name. Further examples of variable names that are permitted by C++ include: A, a1, alpha, abc22, snowDepth, amountInCustomerAccount etc. "Customer's account balance" is not a valid variable name in C++ because it contains spaces which are not allowed and because it contains an apostrophe which is also not permitted by C++ in variable names.

However, while the definition of the C++ language allows other letters to be used in variable names such as:

𝝰

most C++ compilers and editors fail to support such letters reflecting a bias that unfortunately you will be required to perpetuate if you wish to publish the source code of your program.

How big are they?
Whilst in the imagination of programmers variables can be as big or as small as required, in reality, C++ programs are expected to execute on physical computers that only have a finite amount of memory. Worse, each bit of memory in a finite computer is also of finite size. Thus the smallest amount of memory that can be described by a C++ variable is one bit and the maximum is the size of the memory implemented by the architecture of the specific computer the program is executing on.

How many are there?
Again, in the mind of the programmer, the number of variables is unlimited, but on a real computer with a specific architecture there will be an upper limit which the computer industry has struggled to raise for decades with very little effect. As noted above, computers use numbers to name variables, the smallest amount of memory that can be used on a physical computer is one bit and compilers are programs that describe variables by connecting names to numbers, thus if you have a 32 bit architecture computer the maximum number of variables that you can hope to address in a C++ program is the number of possible numbers that can be described with 32 bits. Of course in reality due to poor coding technique, most compilers do not achieve this theoretical upper limit.

Declaring variables
Declaring variables is easy just  .

Let's say you want to declare an integer.

Assigning values
What are variables without values? In order to use a variable you just need to declare it and give it a value.

Can't I just declare myInt and assign it a value in one go? The answer is Yes! we can as in the following way :

Boolean (bool)
The bool type is a 1 byte data type that is either true or false. A true being any number other than zero and false being zero. The true keyword uses the value 1 to assign true.

Integers
An integer is a number that does not have any decimal places. It is a whole number, for example 1,2,3,4 are all integers. 4.3 is not. If you were to try and place the number 4.3 into an integer the number will be truncated to 4.

Now we can attribute reasons to the ranges of int, long and so on. for int : 2^16 = 65536. now this is the total range of a variable. Dividing by 2 we get, 32768. So -32768 to 32767 ( it should have been 32768 but 1 place is taken by 0 ).

Now the size of long is 4 bytes ( 32 bits). So range is 2^32.

What is the difference between a "long" and a "signed long int"? In my mind, the only difference is 12 extra keystrokes. Pick one that works for you.

Char
A char is an 8 bit integer. This means that an unsigned char can store between 0 and 255, and a signed char can store between -128 and 127. Unsigned chars are commonly used to store text in ASCII format, and can be used to store strings of information. A char can be initialized to hold either a number or a character, but it will store only the ASCII value.

Both characters that I have just initialized would be equal. The number 65 is the ASCII code for the letter 'A', so both characters would contain the 8-bit value of 65, or the letter 'A'. ASCII is a system where numerical value is assigned to every character you can think of. For a complete conversion chart visit http://ascii-code.com/

Floats
Floats are floating point numbers, which means that these numbers can hold decimal places. This allows us to store numbers such as "8.344" and "3432432653.24123".

Floating point numbers have a fixed size in memory. This means that a single float cannot possibly precisely store all of the decimal values in the real number system. While in many cases it will not matter, it is important to note the float data type usually stores only a good approximation of a decimal value, not an exact value.

Doubles
Doubles are like "floats", which means they can store decimal places. Doubles can generally store more information than a standard float.

As noted with the float data type, double usually stores only an approximation of exact decimal values (albeit, usually a higher precision approximation than the smaller float data type).

Getting User Input
Let's start simple. We'll read in a char and put it back out.

you could also go with a namespace, as shown here:

What if we want to read in an integer and put it back out.

title: C++/Variables and User Input