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Taíno archaeology

The Taíno were the Indigenous people of the Caribbean and the principal inhabitants of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. Caribbean archaeologists have theorized that by the mid 16th century the native people of the Caribbean were extinct. However, the story of Taino extinction may not be the case according to recent research and archaeological findings.

Early Spanish colonization in the Caribbean has been relatively well documented, with textual evidence that has driven interpretations about the Taino in academic literature. But, recent archaeological findings in Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic have help shed light to the story of the Taino people.

Puerto Rican discoveries
In Puerto Rico, the land was initially populated by a pre-agricultural people during a period of occupation known as the Archaic. The most significant data to be released from this period of occupation comes from the Maria del la Cruz cave; located on the northeastern side of the coastal town of Loiza. Typically, this period is characterized “by the absence of agriculture and pottery, semi-nomadic living in small bands, [with] frequent use of caves for shelter and burials ... [and] crude artifacts made of conch shells, flint and other stones. ” In Puerto Rico, the Archaic period is recognized by pebble-grinders, pitted hammer stones, and pebble chopper. With these discoveries, recent carbon samples were obtained from the Maria de la Cruz cave producing a date of 40±100 years A.D. . This date would indicate the entrance of the Archaic period began around the beginning of the Christian era.

Archaeologist Chris Espenshade found a midden mound and 400 burials in south-central Puerto Rico in the municipality of Ponce. The burial site dates back to the research done in the Maria del la Cruz cave. The major occupations of the site were from 600 to 900 AD and from 1300 to 1500 AD.” Espenshade states the site contained “the presence of apparently extra-local pottery made by many different potters, the presence of extra-local faunal resources (including marine shellfish), the presence and use of pine resin from an off-island source, the strong representation of medicinal and ceremonial plants, the presence of suspected high-status foods, and the evidence for gathering and properly preparing porcupine fish consistent with the expectations of public ceremonies rather than everyday domestic activities.

Archaeologist Ricardo Alegria discovered similar evidence in 1948 of some of the earliest recorded agriculture and pottery remains at another site on the island known as the Hacienda Grande. The pottery in the area were characterized as “thin, hard, and fine-grained [sherds]… with varied, but bell-shaped bowls and flat-based bottles. ”

Dominican discoveries
Historian Frank Moya Pons states during the early period of Spanish colonization in the Dominican Republic a process "of transculturation began whereby Taino's mixed within the Spanish population, together with African slaves, giving rise to a new Creole culture. "

The most notable Taino site in the Dominican Republic is on the southeastern coast of the island at the mouth of the Yuma River known as El Atajadizo. The ceramics at this site include flint, coral, and stone tools dating back to about 300 BCE. According to researchers, multiple layers of occupation have given way to the development of a very large village about 1300 ACE old; centered by a cobblestone-paved plaza surrounding by public buildings.

Another notable Taino site is Chacuey, found on the northwestern side of the island along the Chacuey River. This site is well-known for its petroglyphs and impressive stonework of extensive enclosed plazas and sophisticated roadways. The plaza is approximately 600 meters long and enclosed by standing stones covered in petroglyphs of human-like faces leading to the river.

Cuban discoveries
In Cuba, the Archaic tradition is represented by the pre-ceramic findings of rock-shelters and coastal shell-midden sites. Therefore, some of the oldest sites on the island are located in caves and rock shelters on the interior valleys along the coast. These caves and shelters include ceramics like shell gouges, shell celts, vessels, and dishes made out of conch shells.

Levisa rock shelter, in the Levisa River valley, is the oldest found record of Archaic tools in Cuba dating to about 4000 BC. At this site, there is evidence of stone tools, such as hammerstones, shell artifacts, polished stone balls, and pendants.

Most of the Taino settlements in Cuba were located in the eastern part of the island. Example sites include La Campana, El Mango, and Pueblo Viejo archaeological sites, villages with large plazas and enclosed areas.

title: Taíno archaeology


text:
Ruthe Ridder

Ruthe Ridder (born June 13, 1929) is an American former politician in the state of Washington. Ridder served in the Washington State Senate as a Democrat from the 35th District from 1974 to 1983. She attended the University of Washington and earned a Bachelor of Science degree in psychology. She served as the King County, Washington Assessor from 1984 to 1992.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ruthe Ridder


text:
Alan M. Stretton

Alan Murdoch Stretton (born 1930s) is an Australian civil engineer, project management manager, retired Adjunct Professor of Project Management at the University of Technology, Sydney and author. He is known for his work on the state of project management, and its history.

Education and early career
Stretton obtained his BSc in civil engineering from the University of Tasmania, and his MS in mathematics from the Oxford University in the 1950s. He was the Rhodes Scholar for Tasmania in 1948.

From the 1950s to 1988 Stretton made his career in the construction as designer and project manager from Australia and New Zealand to the United States. In his days he witnessed the emerge of "project management of construction... information and control systems, internal management education programs and organizational change projects."

Further career and acknowledgement
In 1988 Stretton joined the Faculty of Design, Architecture and Building at the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), where he later became appointed Adjunct Professor of Project Management. As a start he established a Master of Project Management program at the University. After his retirement in 2006 he joined the University of Management and Technology (United States) faculty.

From 1998 to 1992 Stetton chaired the Standards Committee of the Project Management Institute (PMI), which developed the Project Management Body of Knowledge, first published by the PMI in 1996. Stretto co-authored parts of it. Later in the 1990s he continued these standardization efforts at the Australian Institute of Project Management (AIPM).

In 1996 Stretton was elected Life Fellow of the Australian Institute of Project Management (AIPM), and in 2015 he was awarded the honorary doctorate in strategy, programme and project management from the French business school ESC Lille.

Selected publications

 * Stretton, A. "A Short History of Modern Project Management," in: Australian Project Manager, Part 1 in Vol 14, No 1, March 1994; Part 2 in Vol 14, No 2, July 1994; and Part 3 in Vol 14, No 3, October 1994.
 * Stretton, A. "Program management diversity—opportunity or problem." PM World Today 11.6 (2009).
 * Stretton, A. "A Short History of Modern Project Management ." in: PM World Today, Vol. IX, Issue X. October 2007. p. 1-18. (online at tnstate.edu)
 * Stretton, Alan. "Notes on effective project cost control." PM World Today 11.X (2009).
 * STRETTON, Alan. "Relationships between project management and general management." PM World Today 12 (2010).
 * Stretton, Alan. "Involving program/project managers in organizational strategic planning?." PM World Today 13 (2011).

title: Alan M. Stretton


text:
User:Rachelrowlands/TWA/Earth/2

Shape and structure

Tectonic plates

Surface

Atmosphere

Weather, climate, and water cycle

Orbit and rotation

title: User:Rachelrowlands/TWA/Earth/2


text:
Get Lucky (Loverboy album)

Get Lucky is the second studio album by Canadian hard rock band Loverboy. It was released on October 7, 1981, by Columbia Records. The album reached number 7 on the Billboard 200 album chart, remaining on the chart for over two years, and has sold over 4 million copies in the United States. It featured the singles "Working for the Weekend", "When It's Over", "Lucky Ones", and "Take Me to the Top.”

According to Scott Smith's notes on the Greatest Hits album Big Ones, the song "Take Me to the Top" is actually the demo version "complete with out of tune bass" because the band couldn't quite capture the sound in the studio.

The album was re-released as a digitally remastered CD in July 2006 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of its original release. The remastered album features four bonus tracks, all of which were previously unreleased demos.

Artwork
The cover of the album depicts the posterior of someone wearing tight red leather pants, with a man's arm and hand in the foreground with index and middle finger crossed. The model wearing the leather pants was 13-year-old Tymara Kennedy, daughter of photographer David Michael Kennedy who shot the cover. The photo credit on the album stated "Bottom by: T.K.", which was sometimes interpreted as the publishing shorthand for the term to come. The use of red leather pants originated from Reno selecting a few items from a leather shop owned by the husband of the band manager's publicist.

Until 2014, various claims about the identity of the person wearing the leather pants were made. These included Mike Reno, the band's lead singer, who "just went along with" such claims, and Paul Dean, both of whom wore red leather pants during the concert tour for the album. At other times, both were ambiguous about the identity of the model. In a 2012 interview, Reno stated that the model was the photographer's daughter, a claim repeated in a 2013 interview. CBC Music confirmed the identity of the model in an interview with Steven Keller in August 2014. According to Kennedy, his stylist found only one pair of red leather pants while shopping in New York City before the photo shoot in 1981. They fit none of the band members or models on the set. At home later that day, his daughter returned from school, saw the pants, and asked to try them. They fit her, and Kennedy decided to use her as the model.

It is unknown whose hand and arm are in the picture. According to a 2015 article in The Toronto Star newspaper, an "Argentinian male model, six foot five" was hired "on the basis of his big hands". Tymara Kennedy died in an automobile crash in 1993, with the cover to this album as her only modelling credit.

The cover was chosen as one of the 50 greatest Canadian album covers by CBC Music staff in 2014.

The cover of American singer Joan As Police Woman's 2020 album Cover Two is an homage to this Loverboy album.

Track listing
Bonus tracks on remastered edition

Personnel
All information from the album booklet.

Loverboy
 * Mike Reno – lead vocals
 * Paul Dean – guitar, backing vocals, lead vocal on "Emotional"
 * Doug Johnson – keyboards
 * Scott Smith – bass
 * Matt Frenette – drums

Additional musicians
 * Nancy Nash – backing vocals on "When It's Over"

Production
 * Bruce Fairbairn – producer
 * Keith Stein – engineer, recording
 * Rob Porter – engineer, recording
 * John Berg – cover design
 * Bob Rock – mixing, engineer
 * Mike Fraser – mixing, engineer
 * George Marino – mastering
 * David Kennedy – photography

title: Get Lucky (Loverboy album)


text:
Vrabac

Vrabac (sparrow) may refer to:

 * Vrabac (surname)
 * Šoštarić Vrabac, Yugoslav primary glider
 * Vrabac Mini UAV, Serbian reconnaissance aircraft

title: Vrabac


text:
User:Marin.luka4/sandbox

Denis Kopotun is a Ukranian-Canadian YouTuber. He makes kid-friendly content with his friends. Denis lives in Kelowna, Canada. Denis's fandom is one of the biggest on the world! The last researches show that he has more than 97% girl fans in the fandom. Denis does not notice his fans that much because he is too busy by making money and faking his subscriber count on YouTube. He is also famous because of the drama between him and one of his fans. Also this was not a girl fan, it was a boy! His name is Luka Marin, Serbian born in Greece, had a couple words for Denis. Denis blocked Luka for being a fan. 78% of Denis's fans left the fandom because Denis does not care about his fans. For more visit other YouTuber-related web sites. Thank you.

Denis Kopotun:

title: User:Marin.luka4/sandbox


text:
kierować

Etymology
+.

Verb

 * 1)  to direct, to head, to be in command
 * 2)  to drive a vehicle
 * 3)  to follow, to obey advice, rules or principles
 * 4)  to head, to go towards
 * 1)  to follow, to obey advice, rules or principles
 * 2)  to head, to go towards
 * 1)  to follow, to obey advice, rules or principles
 * 2)  to head, to go towards
 * 1)  to head, to go towards
 * 1)  to head, to go towards
 * 1)  to head, to go towards

title: kierować


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/Local/arizonapain.com

Links

 * arizonapain.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Selected additions

 * Displayed 10 additions out of 10 total.	 For more info see WikiProject_Spam/LinkReports/arizonapain.com

Entry
Log entry for the MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist:

\barizonapain\.com\b        # ADMINNAME # see  [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spam/Local/arizonapain.com ]]

Discussion
See COIBot report for more details.

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 02:27, 11 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Louis Couperus/Archive 1

Seamy?
I removed a few words that, to me, suggest a point of view. 'Seamy' means something like 'sordid', if I understand it well. De Berg van Licht (not translated into English, only into German, Hungarian and Czech) is a grand, surging novel in which a lot of blood is shed, but not a sordid one. Furthermore, did Couperus have a large library? I think not much is known about it, apart from the question 'How large is large?'. Couperus must have read a vast amount of books, but that is not the same.

His goods being 'endlessly' moved about? The Couperus couple lived in hotels and pensions mostly, but they were the same pensions for many years. They traveled a lot, but I doubt if they took their chairs and desks, or even their library with them all the time when they went to Spain for a month (for instance). Glatisant (talk) 08:20, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

"Furthermore, did Couperus have a large library? " Parts of his library survived: mostly classic authors. Of course he had many more books (stayed in The Hague when they travelled I thought) but these seem to have disappeared.B77 (talk) 15:48, 29 October 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Louis Couperus/Archive 1


text:
pajupilli

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) willow flute, willow whistle, sallow flute whistle made of a twig of a willow

title: pajupilli


text:
The Middle of the World (2003 film)

The Middle of the World (O Caminho das Nuvens; lit. The Path of the Clouds) is a 2003 Brazilian drama film starring Wagner Moura and Cláudia Abreu as a couple with five children making a 3200 km bicycle trip from the state of Paraíba to the city of Rio de Janeiro. It is based on the true story of Cícero Ferreira Dias, a former truck driver who took his family from Paráiba to Rio de Janeiro in search of a "R$1,000 job". The English title is a reference to the starting point of the film, the "Praça do Meio do Mundo" (Middle of the World Square in Portuguese).

The film holds a 58% rating at Rotten Tomatoes and a 32 score at Metacritic, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".

Plot
Romão (Wagner Moura) and Rose (Cláudia Abreu) are a poor couple living in Paraíba and in search of a job that pays R$1,000 a month, the sum Romão believes to be the minimum necessary for him to feed his children. They decide to make a trip by bicycle to Rio de Janeiro with their five children: teenager Antônio (Ravi Ramos Lacerda); children Rodney (Manoel Sebastião Alves Filho), Clévis (Felipe Newton Silva Rodrigues) and Suelena (Cícera Cristina Almino de Lima); and newborn Cícero (Cícero Wesley A. Ferreira).

Along the way, they make some money washing cars and performing Roberto Carlos songs. They also give a chance to some promising opportunities, but all of them fail. They are first offered a job by a criminal, who warns them that he can only give work for "sons of a bitches". They are later promised jobs by Severino, a councilman of São Bento, but since it takes too long for him to fulfill it, they decide to leave.

Later, they pray by the Statue of Father Cícero in Juazeiro do Norte, where Romão hears an announcement about the "table of Padre Cícero", one that will grant a blessing for the one who manages to lift it. Romão gives it a try, lifts it, but faints just afterwards. Later, they meet a lone traveler called Gideão (Cláudio Jaborandy), who tells them to go to Filadélfia and search for Neguiça (Fábio Lago). That night, Antônio and Clévis find a church nearby and accidentally smash a cash box full of money. Antônio gives in to temptation and takes all the bills. In Filadélfia, the family meets Neguiça, who offers them shelter, but says he has no jobs. Antônio tries to go to the local night party, but flees as soon as he gets there, unable to feel comfortable.

In Feira de Santana, Antônio goes to the local bus terminus and buys tickets to Rio de Janeiro for everyone. When his parents ask where he got the money, Antônio admits it was taken from the church and Romão tears all the tickets apart. Later, the family stumble upon Panamá (Sidney Magal) and Callado (Franciolli Luciano), a pair looking for men, women and children from all ages for a "great opportunity", with no skills required. Romão reluctantly agrees and convinces Panamá to allow him to take the bikes with them on the truck that'll take them to the opportunity, as well as three members of the family that weren't selected for the job.

The opportunity turns out to be a fake Pataxó quarup ritual in a club in Porto Seguro, where Romão and three of his children are dressed as supposedly legit Pataxó and Panamá poses as a foreign entertainer, owner of a park called Caminho das Nuvens (the original title of the film; could be translated as "Path of the Clouds"). Antônio sneaks in the club and when Romão sees him, he leaves the place mid-ritual, and so do his children. Frustrated, he orders Rose never to arrange them such jobs anymore.

Still in Porto Seguro, Antônio meets Sereia (Carol Castro), who is giving out some Caminho das Nuvens flyers. Soon after, he meets Neguiça and Gideão again, and they take him to a local party, where he meets Sereia one more time and takes an instant picture with her. The morning after, Rose reprehends him for disappearing without any warning and he announces he will stay in Porto Seguro. Romão accepts and leaves with the rest of the family. That night, he searches for Sereia, but she is hooking up with Panamá. Antônio spills some beverage on Panamá's face, and Sereia responds by pushing him to the ground. Later, he meets his family again by case.

Upon arriving in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Romão arranges Antônio a job as a bricklayer in a city far from Rio de Janeiro. He agrees to stay and says the real last goodbye to his family. As Romão and his family arrive in Rio de Janeiro, they visit the Christ the Redeemer and Romão asks a man for directions to Brasília. Rose listens to it and says she is definitely not going back to the road.

Cast

 * Cláudia Abreu as Rose
 * Wagner Moura as Romão
 * Ravi Ramos Lacerda as Antônio
 * Sidney Magal as Panamá
 * Cláudio Jaborandy as Gideão / Chupa Cabra
 * Franciolli Luciano as Callado
 * Manoel Sebastião Alves Filho as Rodney
 * Felipe Newton Silva Rodrigues as Clévis
 * Cícera Cristina Almino de Lima as Suelena
 * Cícero Wallyson A. Ferreira as Cícero
 * Cícero Wesley A. Ferreira as Cícero
 * Carol Castro as Sereia
 * Caco Monteiro as Severino
 * Laís Corrêa as Jurema
 * Fábio Lago as Neguiça
 * Lúcio Leonn as Criminal

title: The Middle of the World (2003 film)


text:
187 Strassenbande

187 Strassenbande (German for "187 streetgang") is a German hip hop and urban music formation joining a great number of German rappers mostly based in Hamburg formed in 2006. It is made up of Gzuz, Bonez MC, Maxwell, LX and Sa4, taggers and graffiti artists Frost, Gel and Track and producer Jambeatz and Lukas H and 95a. Other members included AchtVier, Hasuna and Mosh36 who left for various reasons between 2013 and 2015. The formation is considered to be a part of the gangsta rap movement in Germany.

Career
The group was established by Bonez MC and Frost releasing their rap work Deep Cover. Starting initially as a hip hop graffiti crew, it developed into a street band as a collaboration between many rappers mainly from Hamburg. After self-released independent releases, Bonez MC's album Krampfthaft Kriminell charted on the German albums chart in 2012. The same year the Berlin-based Mosh36 joined. Gzuz, a rapper in the band was jailed for three years and six months for predatory theft, prompting the band to organize the Free Gzuz Tour. In 2014, AchtVier left the band. The same year the album High & Hungrig by band members Gzuz and Bonez MC made it to the Top 10 of albums on the German chart. In 2015, Maxwell and LX released their joint Obststand.

Because of their popularity, band has accompanied the group Wu-Tang Clan in their German tour in 2015. The same year, Gzuz released his solo album Ebbe und Flut. In 2016, Bonez MC's album with rapper RAF Camora topped the German charts.

187 Strassenbande's 2017 release Sampler 4 has topped the German, Austrian and Swiss Albums Charts.

Bonez MC
Bonez MC, real name John Lorenz Moser was born in Hamburg on 23 December 1985. In addition to membership in 187 Strassenbande, in 2012 he appeared on his own label Toprott Muzik with his solo album Krampfhaft kriminell followed in 2013 with the EP Kontra K. In 2014, he released his collaborative album with Gzuz titled High & hungrig. It rose to # 9 in the German charts and paved the way for commercial success and the follow-up High & hungrig 2 in 2016. It topped the German Albums Chart. His uncle plays guitar in the English band The Stranglers.

Gzuz
Gzuz, real name Kristoffer Jonas Klauß also known as Gazo was born in Hamburg on 29 June 1988. His artistic name Gzuz comes from Ghetto-Zeug unzensiert. In October 2010, he was sentenced to three years and six months in prison for robbery theft. During his imprisonment, 187 Strassenbande completed a "Free Gzuz Tour" in 2012 and sold Gzuz merchandise, such as Free Gzuz T-shirts to support him financially while incarcerated. After his release in 2013 he took part in the tour and had big success in his collaboration with Bonez MC with the album High & hungrig in 2014 and High & hungrig 2 in 2016 with the latter topping the German Albums Chart. Between the two albums, on 9 October 2015 he released his solo album Ebbe & Flut with the album reaching number 2 in German Albums Chart.

Discography

Maxwell
Maxwell, real name Max Kwabena, was born in Hamburg on 23 March 1993 and grew up in Hamburg's Hohenfelde district. He spent a lot of time with Bonez MC and Gzuz initially but somehow relations cooled off. A few years later, he met Bonez MC again and was incorporated in 187 Strassenbande. He was included in two tracks in High & hungrig. Being close to LX, another member of 187 Strassenbande and in 2015 he released a collaborative album Obststand with LX making it to number 5 on the German Album Chart. Together with LX, he was nominated at the Echoverleihung awards in 2016 as "Best newcomer". On 24 March 2017 Maxwell released his debut album Kohldampf, a 3-CD album. It reached number 2 on the German Albums Chart.

Discography

LX
LX was born as Alexander Hutzler in Hamburg on 3 September 1986. He had a very difficult childhood growing up in Hamburger Plattenbauten. He started rapping in 2006 eventually joining 187 Strassenbande debuting with the third sampler of the group after being picked by Bonez MC. His pseudonym LX is a stylization of his real name Alex. He was close to Maxwell another member of 187 Strassenbande and in 2015 he released a collaborative album Obststand with Maxwell making it to number 5 on the German Album Chart. Less than a month after the release of the album, LX was arrested and charged with several violent crimes and sentenced to 22 months in prison, before being released after serving only a part of his jail sentence. Together with Maxwell, he was nominated at the Echoverleihung awards in 2016 as "Best newcomer". However he could not attend the celebrations because he did not get a clearance for the event.

Discography

Sa4
Sa4 was born as Anton Kolja Pehrs in Hamburg. He met Bonez MC while on the label Jentown Crhyme. 187 Strassenbande was more like a graffiti crew at the time. In 2009 Sa4 released his mixtape Undercover. In 2016, he released the Nebensache EP, which was part of the box set of the album High & Hungrig 2 by Bonez MC and Gzuz. His EP was made available as a stand-alone EP in January 2017 for downloads. Sa4 was represented on all four samplers of the 187 Strassenbande with several contributions. On 10 November 2017, he released his debut solo album Neue Deutsche Quelle that made it to number 3 on the German Albums Chart. Like most member outputs of 187 Strassenbande, his style is gangsta rap and street rap talking about crime on Hamburg streets.

Discography

Albums

EPs

Singles

Featured in

AchtVier
AchtVier, real name Timo Molloisch, was born on 26 October 1984. He left the band in 2014. AchtVier was keen on following a solo career after his first solo album Aufstand in 2011. In 2013 he released his second album Wohlstand in 2013 making it to the Top 20 in the German Albums Chart. He announced his separation from the band on 14 June 2014. He has continued to release further solo album and in 2016 AchtVier founded his own record label Steuerfrei Money signing Hamburg rapper TaiMo.

Hasuna
Hussain M. (Hasuna) was born in 1991 (or 1992) and comes from Lebanon. He entered 187 Strassenbande in 2010. A few months later, in 2011, he was imprisoned for about three years due to attack with a knife. He got kicked out of the gang in 2015 because of attempted murder against one of the gang members.

Mosh36
Mosh 36, real name Shervin Rahmani, is a rapper with Iranian roots and was born in Berlin-Spandau on 25 December 1987 before moving to Hamburg in 2008. While in 187 Strassenbande, he pursued a solo career and in 2010 together with rapper Said, he had his first EP Jib followed two years later by the debut album Moshroom. In autumn of 2013, Mosh36 released his mixtape BZ (standing for Berlins Zukunft). He left the band in 2013. His third album Unikat and his first after leaving 187 Strassenbande released in 2015 reached number 7 on the German Albums Chart. On 15 December 2016, it was announced that Mosh36 had signed on PA Sports label Life is Pain and will release his music from there.

Discography

title: 187 Strassenbande


text:
William F.S. Edwards

Brigadier general William Frederick Savery Edwards (1872–1941), commonly referred to as Brigadier-General W. F. S. Edwards, was a decorated British military officer who was appointed by the British Colonial Administration as the first Inspector General of the Uganda Protectorate Police, which later became the Uganda Police, and the simultaneous overall commander of the then British East Africa Police.

He was the first military member of the colonial British military appointed by the British Crown to lead the Uganda Police Force and the entire law enforcement machinery in British East Africa.

When the Uganda Protectorate Police officially became the Uganda police, he was the first duly appointed Inspector General of the same.

Early life
William Frederick Savery Edwards was the son of Rev. Nathaniel William Edwards. Edwards was educated at Christ's Hospital, a notable public school with a royal charter, located to the south of Horsham in West Sussex.

Career
Edwards was a professional military officer by training. Upon his arrival in Uganda, in 1906, he took on more than just the Inspector General position of the British East Africa Police and of the Uganda Police; he also eventually took on the military command of British and local African soldiers serving the British Empire—who, that at the time, were poised to confront the German military front in East Africa. Per the words contained in the official (Kenya) Gazette, his appointment orders extended to the Uganda Protectorate "Prisons" system.

Considered an "indefatigable worker, a stickler for efficiency [and] a stern disciplinarian," Edwards was a leader who represented and protected the strategic interests of the then British Empire in colonial East Africa.

Military leadership over civilian police forces in colonial territory was typical under British rule. Following General Edwards' leadership, other British military officers came to the helm of Uganda's police leadership until 1950.

Edwards commanded Port Amelia Force (PAMFORCE) that opposed German incursions into Portuguese East Africa (current Mozambique). He also commanded the East Africa Expeditionary Forces (during the East African campaign (World War I),  and a contingency Force code-named Edforce.

Chronology of events/operations

 * January 1897 - Commissioned 2nd lieutenant in 4th Battalion, Devon Regiment.
 * 1899 - deployed to Sierra Leone, West Africa.
 * October 1899 to May 1902 - engaged in the Second Boer War. Wounded twice.
 * January 1900 - Promoted to full lieutenant.
 * 1900 - Attached to the Ashanti Field Force.
 * April 1901 - Promoted to captain.
 * 1901 to 1906 - South Africa Constabulary.
 * 1907 - Attached to the Kioga Punitive Force.
 * 1914 to 1918, in the East African campaign (World War I) against German forces. General Edwards commanded a contingency of forces in East Africa named "Edforce."
 * 1915 - simultaneous conflict against Turkana incursions.
 * 1916 - Kagera River conflict against German frontline forces.
 * 1917 - promoted to lieutenant colonel, commander of communication lines; 1917 to 1918 - British commander of East Africa Expeditionary Forces.
 * 1918 - promoted to brigadier-general. Lettow's surrender.jpg
 * 25 November 1918 - accepted surrender of German forces (under command of General Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck) at Abercorn, North Rhodesia (now Mbala, Zambia). The Mbala War Memorial, designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens, commemorates this event.

Achievements

 * overcame incursions of the Turkana resistance in East Africa and Uganda Protectorate, 1915. Earned and the troops under him earned the General Service Medal (1915) East Africa, bestowed by His Majesty The King (George V, aka George Frederick Ernest Albert)
 * raided German (Schutztruppe) posts and demolished frontline cover areas of the enemy across the Kagera River. Bundesarchiv Bild 105-DOA3056, Deutsch-Ostafrika, Askarikompanie.jpg
 * commanded forces under austere conditions as the Commander of Communication Lines, under the top Commander in Chief General Jan Smuts
 * overcame German forces, in conjunction with Belgian, and Portuguese forces, in East Africa in 1918, leading to the historical surrender of Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck (Commander of the German military forces) on 25 November 1918, at Abercorn, North Rhodesia. In display of true officership, General Edwards ceremoniously returned General Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck's sword that the latter had given him as a sign of truce, "marking his respect for a noble opponent." General Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck is reported to have only surrendered after hostilities ended in Europe.

Police

 * First Inspector General (and military officer/commander) of the Uganda Protectorate Police.
 * First Inspector General (and military officer/commander) of the Uganda Police Force.
 * First overall Commander of the British East Africa Police.

Achievements

 * Re-organized and trained the police force from a military operational force perspective to that of a civilian operational force perspective.
 * Established a training depot in Nairobi in 1911, equipped with a fingerprint section.
 * Established "a clear system of administration, records, files and statistics."

title: William F.S. Edwards


text:
Talk:David Wallechinsky

Populist historian?
I wouldn't call him a populist. He is interested in the popularization of history and the history of popular culture. Very different. "Populist" has taken on an unpleasant political connotation and I'd like to take it out, but this is my first time on this page and it seems inappropriate of me to start changing things for reasons other than factual error. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:36, 23 April 2022 (UTC)Larry Siegel

Parade list
Unless there's a secondary source specifically discussing the absence of Mubarak from Wallechinsky's list of worst dictators, there's absolutely no reason to make any mention of Mubarak in this article. It is not Wikipedia's place to analyse who is or is not on Wallechinsky's list. If some other source analyses the list, we can and should report on that here, but unless that analysis comes from someone else, we should not be doing the original research of criticising the selections. -- Jonel | Speak 14:48, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

 * The removed text is not criticizing the selection. It is providing further information to the reader. What the reader makes of it is the reader's choice. The issue is relevance. If you believe that the material about Mubarak is not relevant to the list, please say so. NN 15:00, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

 * The "further information" is clearly slanted to provide the implication that Mubarak should have been on the list. As for relevance, it doesn't really matter what you or I believe about the relevance of Mubarak to Wallechinsky's list—it matters what the sources say.  As far as I can tell, there are no published sources that indicate such relevance. -- Jonel | Speak 20:59, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

 * If you feel that it is "slanted" you can add further information to correct the "slant". As for relevance, I do not believe that it is a Wiki requirement to have a source explicitly say that some material is relevant to some topic. If that was the policy I would hazard that much of the material in Wiki would disappear. NN 03:40, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

Surname
Paragraph about surname was self-contradictory, it read:

 * He is the son of author and screenwriter Irving Wallace. When David was conducting genealogical research on his family, he discovered that the family's original last name was Wallechinsky. It had been anglicized to "Wallace" by an immigration clerk. [Wallechinsky may have believed this, but no names were changed by "immigration clerks": Immigrants' names were simply transcribed from the passenger manifests that were completed at the point of embarkation. Once arrived in America, of course, a number of immigrants then decided -- on their own -- to "Americanize" their names.]  He was so angered at this that he legally changed his name to "David Wallechinsky."

See Ellis Island special for why the bracketed text appears to be correct. Ellsworth (talk) 00:43, 28 January 2012 (UTC)

Dictator List Discontinued?
Parade magazine has not contained the (formerly?) annual list for the last two years (2012 & 2013) and the website only has an older version (probably 2011- Quadaffi & Kim Jon Il are mentioned as still alive). Has Wallechinsky discounted the list or has it moved to a different venue? CFLeon (talk) 22:55, 22 November 2013 (UTC)

Issues with POV/Peacocking in Sections
I began editing the Career section, in the belief that there were only a couple minor instances of flowery language, although it's painfully clear that much of the article is littered with peacock language not suitable for the encyclopedia. Would anyone be willing to chip in with revising the problematic wording? KirkCliff2 (talk) 15:11, 31 January 2020 (UTC)
 * , I cleaned up the career section; have a look at it now. The complete list of dictators had no business there or elsewhere in the article. BlackcurrantTea (talk) 01:25, 23 February 2020 (UTC)
 * , that definitely looks much better, although I'm beginning to suspect that someone close to the subject was behind much of the controversial language. It just gives off that COI-vibe, you know? Anyhow, thanks again. KirkCliff2 (talk) 14:13, 23 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Wallechinsky


text:
Neurophilosophy

Welcome to the Wikiversity content development project for Neurophilosophy.

Project scope
Neurophilosophy includes scientific studies that are related to philosophy of mind and philosophy that explores the implications of all aspects of neuroscience. This content development project is devoted to the creation and development of learning resources that help learners explore the mind from a biological perspective with special emphasis on philosophical implications of scientific study of consciousness. Learning resources that attempt to unify neuroscience, philosophy of mind and artificial intelligence research are also welcome.

Learning resources

 * Consciousness Studies - Exploration of the neuroscience and philosophy of consciousness.
 * Topic:Neuroscience - General survey of neuroscience courses.

title: Neurophilosophy


text:
Landford Heath

Landford Heath is an 11.75 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest near Landford in southeast Wiltshire, England. It was notified in 1994.

title: Landford Heath


text:
Jonathan Koppell

Jonathan Koppell is the President of Montclair State University, Montclair New Jersey. He previously served as dean of the Watts College of Public Service & Community Solutions and Provost for Public Service and Social Impact at Arizona State University.

Education
Koppell holds a bachelor's degree from Harvard University and both a doctorate and master's degree from the University of California at Berkeley. His career in public service began as a Research Assistant with the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight in Washington, D.C. from 1993-1995. In 1999, Koppell served as a Guest Scholar at the Brookings Institution while simultaneously holding the title of Markle Fellow of the New America Foundation.

Career
In 2003, Koppell served as Fulbright Lecturer and Professor of Public Administration and Public Policy at Fudan University in Shanghai, China. In 2006, Koppell was named an associate professor at Yale University of Political Science and the Director of the university’s Millstein Center for Corporate Governance and Performance. Koppell became Chairman of the City of New Haven, Connecticut Development Commission in 2008. In 2012 the National Academy of Public Administration chose Koppell as one of its nearly 800 Fellows.

Koppell joined Arizona State University in 2010 as Director of the School of Public Affairs. In 2011, he became Dean of the College of Public Service & Community Solutions at Arizona State University, succeeding Debra Friedman. In 2015, Koppell launched the Public Service Academy at ASU, a four-year program of classes, hands-on experiences and internships to create working relationships between civilians and military personnel and collaborations among the public, private and non-profit sectors. In 2018, his college gained the prefix "Watts" after a $30 million dollar donation from Mike and Cindy Watts.

In 2021, Koppell became President of Montclair State University, succeeding President Susan A. Cole.

Academic work
Koppell has conducted research related to the structure and administration of complex organizations, corporate governance, financial regulation, and government involvement in for-profit enterprise.

He is the author of two books:
 * World Rule: Legitimacy, Accountability and the Design of Global Governance (2010) ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>
 * The Politics of Quasi-Government: Hybrid Organizations and the Dynamics of Bureaucratic Control (2003) ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>

title: Jonathan Koppell


text:
User:Ctrk56

"await you weak & insignificant humans" while I the leader of "Decepticons" aka 'MEGATRON' will soon destroy the 'EARTH'.............

title: User:Ctrk56


text:
File:Wikio 3 with license.OGG

Summary
This is a new version of that now includes a description of the licensing.

This audio file is available to be freely copied for commercial and noncommercial use under terms of the GFDL copyleft license. You are also free to make derivative works based on this audio file. If you make a derivative work, note that only the part of this file that is from Wikimania is licensed solely under the GFDL. The rest of the file is also available under the Creative Commons license that allows commercial and non-commercial use as long as you attribute the work to its original creators at the Wiki Campus Radio page of the English language Wikiversity website.

This audio file was made using clips from Wikimania 2006 and Image:Wikio 3.OGG.

This file was made by John Schmidt by adding some commentary to and  also includes some comments from Jimmy Wales about Wikiversity. This is about 16.5 minutes play time and a 17 Mb download. The conference call included User:Historybuff, User:CQ, User:Rayc and User:Dmclean.

title: File:Wikio 3 with license.OGG


text:
EG Awards of 2012

The EG Awards of 2012 are the seventh Annual The Age EG (Entertainment Guide) Awards and took place at Billboards on 20 November 2012. The event was hosted by Myf Warhurst. It was the last time under the title of EG Awards before changing its name to Music Victoria Awards from 2013 onwards.

Warhurst in a press release for the ceremony said "As a past writer for the EG and a Melbourne music fan for my entire adult life, there could be no greater pleasure than to help celebrate and congratulate what is one of the greatest music scenes in the world at an event put together by Melbourne's finest music/arts guide."

Performances

 * Van Walker
 * Liz Stringer
 * Angie Hart
 * Jess Cornelius from Teeth & Tongue
 * Mikelangelo
 * Emma Russack

Hall of Fame inductees

 * Weddings, Parties, Anything

Weddings, Parties, Anything were inducted into the EG Hall of Fame as they celebrate the 25th anniversary of their 1987 debut, Scorn of the Women.

 * Ian Rumbold (non-musician)

All genre Awards
Winners indicated in boldface, with other nominees in plain.

title: EG Awards of 2012


text:
40th (The King's) Royal Tank Regiment

The 40th (The King's) Royal Tank Regiment (40 RTR) was an armoured regiment of the British Army from 1938 until 1956. It was part of the Royal Tank Regiment, itself part of the Royal Armoured Corps.

It was originally formed by converting the 7th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool), a Territorial Army infantry battalion that recruited mainly in the Bootle area, to a tank unit.

Equipped with Vickers Valentine tanks, the regiment served with the 23rd Armoured Brigade in North Africa. Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel J.L. Finigan it fought at El Alamein and acquired the nickname "Monty's Foxhounds" during the long pursuit of the Afrika Korps and the Italian Army across Egypt and Libya and into Tunisia. It later served in the Italian Campaign and then in Greece during the Greek Civil War.

The Regiment was placed in suspended animation in mid-1946, and then reconstituted at Liverpool as an armoured regiment of the Territorial Army in 1947. In recognition of its services in North Africa, Vickers Engineering presented Colonel Finigan with a silver model of the Valentine which still serves as a centrepiece when former officers of the Regiment and its successor dine formally together. In 1956, the Regiment amalgamated with the 41st (Oldham) Royal Tank Regiment to form the 40th/41st Royal Tank Regiment.

title: 40th (The King's) Royal Tank Regiment


text:
Talk:Diplomatic History

Economic Groups?
There is no mention of the interactions between groups of countries. There needs to be mentions on international organizations such as NATO, EU, AU, and the SACN.

Suggestion: Change to International Relations?
Hi, if I could make a suggestion to change this book to International Relations, that could cover a much broader range of subjects. J

That doesn't make sense
Diplomatic history and international relations are two different fields, although related. International relations tries to explain the actions of states and non-state actors through models and formulae. It is a division of political science. It often draws on Diplomatic history to illustrate or illuminate concepts, but exists to a large extent in the abstract.

Diplomatic history is, at its core, historical: What state did what when, and how did that lead to a certain state of world affairs? Diplomatic history is a detailed discipline, that (at its best) does not apply the broad strokes of IR.

So, no, it wouldn't be appropriate to change the name. There's already an IR wikibook anyway.

Best,

Bigrabid

title: Talk:Diplomatic History


text:
User:Oruckenan

Hi I am computer programmer. I have contributed with some article about programming to wikiversity.

You can see my web page at

fr:Utilisateur:Oruckenan

title: User:Oruckenan


text:
Scorpion (dinghy)

The Scorpion is a British National class of a small sailing dinghy. The Scorpion is a lightweight, high performance, two person, hiking racing dinghy. Its adjustable rig enables sailing in all weathers for crews of all weights, ages and experiences. The Scorpion was originally designed for launch and recovery through Cornish surf at Porthpean in St Austell Bay. Its 14ft hard chine planing hull is built to strict measurements while rig controls and cockpit layout are left to personal choice.

Scorpions are built in wood, a combination of FRP and wood or all FRP. Wooden hulls have shown a competitive life of 20 years or more. Scorpions regularly win prizes at Boat Shows for their elegant good looks.

The ability to adjust the rig while sailing means that the Scorpion can be raced in most conditions. Its lightweight hull (81kg) gives its good performance and easy handling ashore.

This National Class has a strong class association. The website at http://www.sailscorpion.co.uk allows members to keep in touch and contains event information, results, suppliers, technical articles, advice on tuning and race tactics and news.

In handicap racing the Scorpion sails off a Portsmouth Yardstick of 1053.

The dinghy was designed by T.J. Dorling in 1959.

title: Scorpion (dinghy)


text:
Talk:British narrow-gauge railways

Section 3 Heritage and Museums
Several of the railways listed in this section, such as Alton Towers, Bicton, Billing Aquadome, Great Bush, Whipsnade & Umfolozi seem to have little to do with Heritage (although Alton has the monorail from Expo 86, and did have a line since 1929) - and certainly no longer have anything of heritage value to be seen - and nothing to do with museums. Should these be grouped into a separate category of "Theme Park Railways"? There are a number of others that could also be added to that category, although sadly, most seem to be running very similar American-styled steam-outline modern diesels.

Does anyone else have any thoughts on this? Lynbarn 21:18, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You are, of course, right. This makes complete sense. Let's do it. Gwernol 21:29, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Mileage
Would it be useful to show an extra column (after gauge, perhaps) containing the mileage of each line, where known. If nobody objects, I will add the column in about a week - I don't know most of the values though, So I'll leave most blank... Any thoughts? Lynbarn 22:28, 10 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Done at last - sorry for the delay! Lynbarn 23:13, 16 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Hmmm, its not super valuable right now as only two entries have lengths. What's more a number of these railways varied in length significantly over time. A number more we probably can't get lengths for. What about branches - how should they be treated? Until we have a reasonable spread of reliable data is it worth including this column just for two lines? Wouldn't that information be better off on the articles for those lines? Gwernol 00:00, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Now you tell me!  I do know (or can find) the lengths of several of these lines, and I will be adding them as I can over the next few days/weeks, but I thought it better to add the column to all the tables first, even though they are blank.  As for variable lengths, several entries have various as their track gauge, so I still think the additional column is a valid addition Lynbarn 11:27, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah, sorry about that. I'd meant to add a similar comment to your original announcement, but I forgot, sorry. Your most recent message reminded me. I think as long as we get a reasonable coverage of lengths (at least 50% of lines?) its fine. Gwernol 11:31, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

Blenheim Palace
There is a narrow gauge railway in the grounds of Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire, which does not appear to be listed here. I'll leave someone more knowledgeable about railways to decide on the appropriate category for it.Rodparkes 03:56, 11 September 2006 (UTC)
 * thanks for reminding me of that line - I was there only about two years ago! I have now added an entry to the list.  regards, Lynbarn 11:12, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

Should this really be counted as a narrow gauge railway - I'd have thought it was a miniature railway? Its certainly listed on the miniature railway page!! Callywith 19:21, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

 * As I see it, A miniature railway (more or less scale models of full-size prototypes, able to carry passengers) is by definition a narrow gauge* (ie less that 4ft 8.5inches) railway but a narrow gauge railway (full-size prototypes running on rauils less than 4ft 8.5 inches) isn't necessarily a miniature railway. In the case of the Blenheim line, I think it qualifies for both. (*although at the extreme, I guess a roughly 4/7ths scale model of a Brunel broad-gauge could be miniature but not narrow!) Regards, Lynbarn 00:05, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Military Use
Is it a deliberate decision to omit any reference to the various military narrow gauge systems that existed? Examples include Woltham Abbey & Woolwich Arsenal (Army); Broughton Moor and Chattenden & Upnor (Navy); Calshot and Chilmark (RAF). Locos from 2 of these systems are still at work on the Talyllyn and Welshpool lines.Gawthorpe Dave 13:12, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
 * No - if you have any information of military or former military lines or stock, please feel free to add it. Regards, Lynbarn 00:06, 25 February 2007 (UTC)
 * There is a separate article British military narrow gauge railways which is linked from this article. It covers all these railways. Gwernol 13:30, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

Closed - Present?
I find having the word "Present" in the closed column confusing - does it mean that the railway is currently closed or "present" in the sense of answering the register, miss? I would suggest putting "Open" or where applicable, "Seasonal" or "Occasional". Britmax 10:10, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

 * It means until the present - i.e. the railway is currently operating. The reason for this is that all the other entries in that column are dates, so having "1876 - open" is a misnomer, whereas "1876 - present" conveys that the line opened in 1876 and continues to operate. Gwernol 13:29, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

I?
Several of the railways have the suffix (I) next to them. Maybe I'm going blind, but I don't see anywhere that states what this signifies. —  Tivedshambo  (t/c) 07:23, 3 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Also some of the railways have (II) next to them. I think it's to distinguish the original railway with the heritage railway, if they both have the same name. --Snigbrook ( talk ) 13:23, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

 * That's corretc, Snigbrook. It is an attempt to separate the original and the preserved railways. Not entirely a successful devise, obviously :-) Perhaps making it explicit by having the preserved version named e.g. "Talyllyn Railway (preserved)" would be better, or maybe just combining the two entries? Gwernol 13:31, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I see what it means now. Perhaps the enties from two tables could be combined, as follows:

 * The question arises as to which table to put this in. Or do we combine the two tables completely? I'm willing to do this if consensus is to do so. — Pek, on behalf of Tivedshambo (talk) 12:08, 8 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Now that's a really good idea, I wonder why I never thought of that? I'd suggest merging into the table currently containing the original railway, as most of the revived railways are preservations of public railways. Gwernol 12:10, 8 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I wasn't trying to steal your thunder - I saw you suggested it, and thought that this was a good way to implement it. I might split the preserved lines/museums, leaving the museums and moving the preserved lines into the public lines as per your suggestion. A job for tonight ;-) — Pek, on behalf of Tivedshambo (talk) 12:32, 8 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Just to be clear I wasn't trying to be sarcastic. When I said "maybe just combining the two entries" I'd meant into a single row; your suggestion of making them two "sub-rows" as above is a much better suggestion and all yours. Truly, well done for coming up with this solution. Best, Gwernol

Table sorting
I've merged a lot of the entries from the preserved/museums, as discussed above. Some of the entries are borderline as to whether they are museums or short demonstration lines, and I may have called some the wrong way, so feel free to move things as required. Both tables could do with a bit of clean-up, e.g. to get consistent formatting of lengths etc. Feel free to let me know if there's any other discrepancies. —  Tivedshambo  (t/c) 17:54, 8 April 2008 (UTC)

Sorting of a different kind
Would anyone object if I sorted out the tables? In my opinion, it would look clearer if railways were arranged by type (public or otherwise), then by gauge, then alphabetically; instead of the current 'type, then alphabetically'. Kevin Steinhardt (talk) 16:29, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I've got no objection in principle to re-ordering the tables, but I think they should be left in table format. Further discussion may be necessary if you intend to rewrite this as an unformatted list. —  Tivedshambo  (t/c) 16:51, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

 * And, why are you commenting that it's unformatted? Kevin Steinhardt (talk) 16:58, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I mean replacing the standard table format with a text list, which is what you appeared to be doing. Please wait for consensus before making a major change like this. —  Tivedshambo  (t/c) 17:03, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Fair enough. But I have waited for around 24 hours. Kevin Steinhardt (talk) 17:10, 14 August 2008 (UTC)
 * And, I know it seems like a few minutes between 16:29 and 16:51, and not 24 hours; but I didn't sign the talk page correctly, which I apologise for. Kevin Steinhardt (talk) 17:39, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I realise that, but your original suggestion was to sort the tables, not to gt rid of them. Have you tried using sortable tables? —  Tivedshambo  (t/c) 21:10, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

 * So, you're suggesting the current layout, but using sortable columns in the table. Kevin Steinhardt (talk) 21:22, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

 * The 2'6" gauge lines are sorted before the 2'0" gauge lines. This is back to front.

Gauge Commission
The only major NG railway before the Gauge Commission of 1846 appears to be the Festiniog Railway of 1836 (horse) and 1863 (steam). Given the large number of different narrow gauges that followed, it seems that the gauge commission did not give a lot of thought to standardising narrow gauges, like what Italy did. Tabletop (talk) 04:24, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

Sorting of gauges in table
The sortable function sorts 2'6", 2'0", 3'6" which is not in correct order.

It would also be neat to write 2' 0" instead of 2'.   Tabletop (talk) 13:34, 28 July 2012 (UTC)

Steepbridge Light Railway
The Steepbridge Light Railway is an industrial line in UK.

Tabletop (talk) 01:09, 20 August 2012 (UTC)

Track gauge question: Herne Bay Pier Tramway
An odd track gauge of 3ft 4 1⁄2in is mentioned for the Herne Bay Pier construction railway (Herne Bay Pier Tramway) and doesn't have a source. A forum states 3ft6in. Not a valid source, nothing else could be found on the internet. Does anyone have a source for the exact track gauge?--Aaron-Tripel (talk) 13:40, 7 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Pic: . Another description at ("Once again the problem of moving baggage from the pier-head to the shoreward end had to be overcome and a construction railway, used originally by the contractors, was retained and converted for passenger use." -- could explain the odd gauge).
 * If no serious source is found, we must replace it with a question mark in the list. -DePiep (talk) 08:13, 9 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Herne_Bay_Pier shows a broad gauge with wind powered train.
 * Herne_Bay_Pier page has this book source: (bad/dead url), which could solve most questions. -DePiep (talk) 08:27, 9 May 2014 (UTC)
 * This at YouTube (32s and 34s) shows the ~1m gauge and a 12? inch luggage/miniature train.
 * -DePiep (talk) 08:50, 9 May 2014 (UTC)
 * I found this source Peter Horn User talk 18:18, 18 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Different gauge at different times, one after the other. Peter Horn User talk 18:26, 18 October 2021 (UTC)

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Unhelpful inconsistency problem
Please summarize British quarrying and mining narrow-gauge railways and British narrow gauge slate railways like the rest of the summary sections, per WP:SUMMARY, instead of relegating these to "See also" were people are apt not to notice them. — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  22:13, 1 January 2017 (UTC)

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Oldest?
This article says that the Surrey is the oldest public railway in the world but the Surrey page says that the Lake_Lock_Rail_Road is the oldest. The Lake Lock states that it is older than the Surrey, but I wouldn't know?

IceDragon64 (talk) 00:37, 3 February 2018 (UTC)
 * This sort of simplified comparison is rarely useful. What's a "railway"?  Most of these are plateways, certainly horse-drawn. What's a "public railway"? Freight or passenger? Is something (like the Middleton Railway) "narrow gauge", even when there's not yet an established standard gauge?
 * IMHO, the Ffestiniog still has an important claim here, despite being much later. It's a loco-hauled, public access by ticket, edge railway. More importantly, it's a deliberate choice to reject the then established standard gauge in favour of something narrower. Andy Dingley (talk) 09:56, 3 February 2018 (UTC)

Last commercial carrier
The Decline of the narrow gauge: 1900–1950 section claims - without a source - that the Ashover Light Railway was the "last narrow-gauge commercial carrier in Britain". I don't know what is meant by "commercial carrier". There were lots of industrial narrow-gauge railways after the ALR closed. The Talyllyn Railway was a common carrier and still operating when the ALR closed. I've tagged the claim as needing a source and as dubious, but I think it is so ill-defined that it should be removed. Thoughts? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:56, 6 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:British narrow-gauge railways


text:
Talk:Queen Esther (artist)

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 * Added tag to http://www.harlemartsfestival.com/2012-festival/queen-esther

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title: Talk:Queen Esther (artist)


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Talk:Bennie Oosterbaan

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title: Talk:Bennie Oosterbaan


text:
General Mechanics/Torque and Angular Momentum

Torque
Torque is the action of a force on a mass  which induces it to revolve about some point, called the origin. It is defined as

where $$r$$ is the position of the mass relative to the origin.

Notice that the torque is 0 in a number of circumstances. If the force points directly toward or away from the origin, the cross product is zero, resulting in zero torque, even though the force is non-zero. Likewise, if $$r=0$$, the torque is 0. Thus, a force acting at the origin produces no torque. Both of these limits make sense intuitively, since neither induces the mass to revolve around the origin.

Angular momentum
The angular momentum of a mass relative to a point O is defined as

where p is the ordinary (also called "linear") momentum of the mass. The angular momentum is 0 if the motion of the object is directly towards or away from the origin, or if it is located at the origin.

If we take the cross product of the position vector and Newton's second law, we obtain an equation that relates torque and angular momentum:

Since the cross product of parallel vectors is zero, this simplifies to

This is the rotational version of Newton's second law.

For both torque and angular momentum the location of the origin is arbitrary, and is generally chosen for maximum convenience. However, it is necessary to choose the same origin for both the torque and the angular momentum.

For the case of a central force, i.e. one which acts along the line of centers between two objects (such as gravity), there often exists a particularly convenient choice of origin. If the origin is placed at the center of the sun (which is assumed not to move under the influence of the planet's gravity), then the torque exerted on the planet by the sun's gravity is 0, which means that the angular momentum of the planet about the center of the sun is constant in time. No other choice of origin would yield this convenient result.

We already know about two fundamental conservation laws—those of energy and linear momentum. We believe that angular momentum is similarly conserved in isolated systems. In other words, particles can exchange angular momentum between themselves, but the vector sum of the angular momentum of all the particles in a system isolated from outside influences must remain constant.

In the modern view, conservation of angular momentum is a consequence of the isotropy of space—i.e. the properties of space don't depend on direction. This is in direct analogy with conservation of ordinary momentum, which we recall is a consequence of the homogeneity of space.

Angular velocity and centrifugal force
If an object is rotating about an axis, $$n$$ being a unit vector, at frequency $$\omega$$ we say it has angular velocity $$\vec\omega$$. Despite the name, this is not the rate of change of an angle, nor even of a vector.

If a constant vector $$\vec{r}$$ is rotating with angular velocity $$\vec\omega$$ about a fixed point then

This says the acceleration is always at right angles to both the velocity and the axis of rotation.

When the axis is changing $$\vec\omega$$ can be defined as the vector which makes this true.

Note that on the left hand side of this equation $$\vec r$$ is a vector in a fixed coordinate system with variable components but on the right hand side its components are given in a moving coordinate system, where they are fixed.

We can distinguish them more clearly by using subscripts, $$r$$ for rotating and $$f$$ for fixed, then extend this to arbitrary vectors

for any vector $$\vec g$$

Using this, we can write Newton's second law in the rotating frame.

or, rearranging

The mass behaves as if there were two additional forces acting on it. The first term, $$\vec\omega\times\vec v$$ is called the Coriolis force. The second term is recognizable as the familiar centrifugal force.


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Talk:Concept Classification, Page 4

I am creating these pages as part of a Indiana University class. The instructor for this class is Dr. Honebein<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Dr. Reigeluth, the original material's author has given our class permission to use his material.

I've been working on these pages today and forgot to add the source reference to them.

I will include a source statement, along with the phase "used by permission" on each page that is based on Dr. Reigeluth's material.

Is that sufficient?

-- This is Peter Honebein. I'm the Indiana University professor teaching the class in which my students are building this wikiversity site. My colleague at Indiana University, Charles Reigeluth, has given this class permission to migrate his content from the aforementioned website to this wiki context. We are referencing the source where applicable. Charlie's permission is documented in the following email exchange (latest email first):

-Original Message- From: Reigeluth, Charles M<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Sent: Thursday, February 15, 2007 9:36 AM To: Honebein, Peter C Subject: RE: R561 and R626

Pete,

That sounds fine to me. I’ll probably keep the materials on my design site as well. You could just put a link to each of the materials on my design site. Whatever you prefer.

Do you do the course very differently from the way I do it? I am interested in seeing any differences/improvements.

Charlie

From: Honebein, Peter C Sent: Wednesday, February 14, 2007 7:07 PM To: Reigeluth, Charles M. Subject: RE: R561 and R626

Charlie, Hope all is well. R626 seems to be going smoothly this semester.

One of the projects I’m engaging students in is to build a set of Wikiversity courses on instructional strategy. We’re in the beginning stages things, but have stubbed out some Wikiversity space at: http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Topic:Instructional_Design

Was wondering if you’d be interested in moving the content you have in your micro-strategy lessons to this forum. My students used the lessons and liked them a lot. Future R626 courses could also use the content in the Wikiversity forum, and perhaps build and extend it.

I know you have the material copyrighted. Not sure if you were intending some other kind of publication of it in the future. Let me know your thoughts. We’re planning on extending the micro-strategy content into affective, interpersonal, and psychomotor domains, as well as cognitive.

Pete

title: Talk:Concept Classification, Page 4


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Jonty Hurwitz

Jonty Hurwitz (born 2 September 1969 in Johannesburg) is a British South African artist, engineer and entrepreneur. Hurwitz creates scientifically inspired artworks and anamorphic sculptures. He is recognised for the smallest human form ever created using nano technology.

Early life
Jonty Hurwitz was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, to Selwin, a hotelier and entrepreneur and Marcia Berger, a drama lecturer and teacher. Jonty and his sister (Tamara) spent their early life living in small hotels in rural towns in South Africa while his father built up his business.

Jonty studied Electrical Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg from 1989 to 1993. His major was Signal Processing. He then joined the University of Cape Town Remote Sensing Group as a full-time researcher under Professor Michael Inggs, publishing a paper on radar pattern recognition.

Following his research post, Hurwitz traveled for a long period of time in India studying Yoga and wood carving.

Career in art
Hurwitz's work focuses on the aesthetics of art in the context of human perception. His early body of sculpture was discovered by Estelle Lovatt during 2011 in an article for Art of England Magazine: "Thinning the divide gap between art and science, Hurwitz is cognisant of the two being holistically co-joined in the same way as we are naturally, comfortably split between our spiritual and operational self".

Hurwitz began producing sculptures in 2008. In 2009, his first sculpture 'Yoda and the Anamorph' won the People's Choice Bentliff Prize of the Maidstone Museum and Art Gallery. Later in 2009 he won the Noble Sculpture Prize and was commissioned to install his first large scale work (a nude study of his father called 'Dietro di me') in the Italian village Colletta di Castelbianco. In 2010, he was selected as a finalist for the 4th International Arte Laguna Prize in Venice, Italy.

In January 2013, Hurwitz's anamorphic work was described by the art blogger Christopher Jobson. In early 2013 Hurwitz was introduced to the Savoy Hotel by London art agent Sally Vaughan. Hurwitz was commissioned to be Artist in Residence at the hotel and produce a sculpture of the hotel's historically iconic Mascot Kaspar the Cat. Hurwitz lived for several months in the hotel producing the sculpture. By late 2013, in a special edition of Art of England on portraiture, Hurwitz was cited as the No. 1 portrait artist in the UK. In January 2014 Hurwitz was voted No. 46 in the top 100 artists of 2013 by the American art site, Empty Kingdom. In the same month, Hurwitz's anamorphic work was blogged as "The best of 2013" by the American Art and Culture magazine, Juxtapoz. In 2013 Hurwitz's work was also curated by Science Gallery International for a touring group show entitled 'Illusion' curated by Trinity College Dublin. The exhibition led to a 2014/2015 tour in the USA, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Leipzig, Germany.

In late 2014, he released a series of "nano sculptures" under the title of ″Trust″. This series of works captured the attentions of both the scientific and art community, being cited by among others, Nature, Scientific American, Popular Science and Phys.org. In 2015, Hurwitz was elected a member of the Royal British Society of Sculptors. In a 2015 documentary by CNN International on Hurwitz's artwork, BBC Radio 2 art critic Estelle Lovatt commented on Hurwitz's work: "If Leonardo da Vinci were alive today, he would have been doing what Jonty is doing. He would have been using algorithms. No one else works like him today.  His art is the mix between the emotional and the intelligent, and that's what gives it that spark." In 2016 the Royal Photographic Society selected a scanning electron microscope photograph by Hurwitz and Stefan Diller as one of the top 100 'Royal Society International Images for Science'.

Anamorphic sculpture
Hurwitz has produced a body of work using both oblique (perspective) and catoptric (mirror) anamorphosis. Hurwitz names William Scrots, Hans Holbein, M. C. Escher and Da Vinci as influences. In his online talks, Hurwitz explains that this is a function of processing power and that whilst painting is possible in a mirror, three dimensional anamorphosis could only have come into being with the advent of powerful computers. Each of his sculptures involves billions of calculations using an algorithm derived from the mathematical constant π. Hurwitz asserts that his art is "contemporary to the millisecond". Kinetic Art curator and director of the London Kinetica Museum, Dianne Harris, described Hurwitz's art as "the works of polymath Jonty Hurwitz are contemporary trompe-l'œil, at first glance appearing abstract, but in mirrored reflections, representational".

Nano sculpture
In 2014, Hurwitz worked in the field of Nanoart using multiphoton lithography and photogrammetry to create the world's smallest human portraits of his first love. The works of art were inspired by the nineteenth century marble sculpture of Cupid and Psyche by Antonio Canova. Smaller details of the works are at approximately the 300 nanometer scale, similar to the wavelengths of visible light and hence visualised by a scanning electron microscope. To create these works Hurwitz collaborated with a team of over 20 people, including Stephan Hengsbach of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Yehiam Prior of the Weizmann Institute of Science. In February 2015, Hurwitz's sculpture "Trust" was awarded the world record for the "Smallest sculpture of a human" by the Guinness Book of Records.

Technology
Hurwitz is the Founder and Chairman of the AI research company Daizy, overseeing the long-term research generative AI model for financial media, with a focus on Risk and Impact. He is also the co-founder of Claim Technology Ltd.

Hurwitz arrived in London in 1995 following his travels in India and got his first job researching financial data visualization for Gilbert de Botton, Chairman and Founder of Global Asset Management (GAM). Hurwitz left Global Asset Management after two years forming his own company, Delve, to develop the R&D in financial data visualisation. In 1996, GAM launched its financial reporting technology built by Hurwitz. Hurwitz's newly formed graphics and software team evolved over several years publishing several visualization projects (non-exhaustive list) like News International visual archives on the Cold War and the Industrial Revolution (1997), Biosys an environmental simulation published by Take 2 Interactive (1998) and "Oceans of Innovation" by the British Foreign Office (1998). The latter work was nominated for a BAFTA Award. In 2005, Hurwitz's company Delve was acquired by Alternative Investment Market listed company Statpro Group PLC (SOG). Hurwitz joined Statpro as Creative Director where he designed the first Cloud Computing analytics and risk platform for asset data. In 2008, Statpro launched its flagship product Statpro Revolution which was the result of this R&D. By 2014, eight out of the top ten largest asset managers in the world were Statpro Clients.

Hurwitz was co-founding Chief Technology Officer of Wonga.com in 2007 where he designed and built the first real-time online consumer loan system in the world. During this period, Wonga's technology won several awards (listed below). By 2011, Wonga had begun to attract criticism and Hurwitz, as the inventor of the technology, found himself with not enough influence to guide the now large company's use of his designs. After several attempts at changing Wonga's strategy, he resigned from his operational role in November 2011, and released his sculpture entitled Co-Founder.

Hurwitz's technology is credited with several innovations in the financial services industry:
 * Financial sliders. A User Interface innovation which allowed customers to easily to get a real-time quote on the exact cost of a loan in pound and pennies. This method of communicating loan information to consumers has been adopted by several of the major high street UK lenders. These include (non-exhaustive list): HSBC, Royal Bank of Scotland, Barclays, Halifax, Lloyds, Nationwide, Santander Bank, Co-operative Bank, NatWest and Bank of Scotland.
 * Real-time risk technology. Wonga's risk engine was the first ever to evaluate the credit worthiness of a customer in near real time on the internet based on the collection of data from alternative sources in combination with traditional credit scores. The consumer risk technology provided the ability to transfer money to customers within 12 minutes on the basis of the decision.

TEDx Talk

 * The Art and Science of Love: The World's Smallest Sculpture, TEDx MPI Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

Academic references and citations

 * Anamorphic projection on an arbitrary uneven surface, Cej, Rok and Solina, Franc (2020, Univerza v Ljubljani, Slovenia
 * Beyond Interactions, 2019. JA Nocera. INTERACT 2019 IFIP TC 13 Workshops, Paphos, Cyprus, September 2–6, 2019, Revised Selected Papers.
 * Technology and the Arts: Current Works of Eric Whitaker and Jonty Hurwitz. International Science and Technology Conference (ISTEC) 2015, St. Petersburg, Russia. Written and presented by Mark Konewko, Marquette University, Wisconsin, USA.
 * Nanotechnology Cleans Up, Carolien Coon, Physics World, May 2016.
 * Two Photon Absorption & Carrier Generation in Semiconductors. F.R. Palomo1, I. Vila, M.Fernández, P.DeCastro, M. Moll, Departamento Ingeniería Electrónica, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros Universidad de Sevilla, Spain, Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Santander, Spain, SSD Group, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.
 * The Magic of Anamorphosis in Elementary and Middle School. Marina Barreto and Diego Lieban, Proceedings of Bridges 2017: Mathematics, Art, Music, Architecture, Education, Culture Pages 553–556.
 * Sanat ve Tasarımda Anamorfik Görüntüler (Anamorphic Images in Art and Design). Bengisu KELEŞOĞLU, Mehtap UYGUNGÖZ, Anadolu University Art & Design Magazine, Issue 7, 2016.
 * Anamorphosis in the work of foreign artists at the end of the XX-XXI century (Russian), статья в журнале – научная статья, YOUTH BULLETIN OF THE ST PETERSBURG STATE INSTITUTE OF CULTURE, 2(6), pages 136–139,2016.
 * Art and Science Education in Optics: From Multidisciplinary to Transdisciplinary (Arte e Ciência no Ensino de Óptica: Da Multidisciplinaridade à Transdisciplinaridade), Claudemir Batista, Edivaldo Lima, Universidade de São Paulo, e-Disciplinas, Sistema de Apoio às Disciplinas.
 * Two Photon Absorption & Carrier Generation in Semiconductors. F.R. Palomo1, I. Vila, M.Fernández, P.DeCastro, M. Moll, Departamento Ingeniería Electrónica, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros Universidad de Sevilla, Spain, Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Santander, Spain, SSD Group, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.
 * The Magic of Anamorphosis in Elementary and Middle School. Marina Barreto and Diego Lieban, Proceedings of Bridges 2017: Mathematics, Art, Music, Architecture, Education, Culture Pages 553–556.
 * Sanat ve Tasarımda Anamorfik Görüntüler (Anamorphic Images in Art and Design). Bengisu KELEŞOĞLU, Mehtap UYGUNGÖZ, Anadolu University Art & Design Magazine, Issue 7, 2016.
 * Anamorphosis in the work of foreign artists at the end of the XX-XXI century (Russian), статья в журнале – научная статья, YOUTH BULLETIN OF THE ST PETERSBURG STATE INSTITUTE OF CULTURE, 2(6), pages 136–139,2016.
 * Art and Science Education in Optics: From Multidisciplinary to Transdisciplinary (Arte e Ciência no Ensino de Óptica: Da Multidisciplinaridade à Transdisciplinaridade), Claudemir Batista, Edivaldo Lima, Universidade de São Paulo, e-Disciplinas, Sistema de Apoio às Disciplinas.
 * Sanat ve Tasarımda Anamorfik Görüntüler (Anamorphic Images in Art and Design). Bengisu KELEŞOĞLU, Mehtap UYGUNGÖZ, Anadolu University Art & Design Magazine, Issue 7, 2016.
 * Anamorphosis in the work of foreign artists at the end of the XX-XXI century (Russian), статья в журнале – научная статья, YOUTH BULLETIN OF THE ST PETERSBURG STATE INSTITUTE OF CULTURE, 2(6), pages 136–139,2016.
 * Art and Science Education in Optics: From Multidisciplinary to Transdisciplinary (Arte e Ciência no Ensino de Óptica: Da Multidisciplinaridade à Transdisciplinaridade), Claudemir Batista, Edivaldo Lima, Universidade de São Paulo, e-Disciplinas, Sistema de Apoio às Disciplinas.
 * Anamorphosis in the work of foreign artists at the end of the XX-XXI century (Russian), статья в журнале – научная статья, YOUTH BULLETIN OF THE ST PETERSBURG STATE INSTITUTE OF CULTURE, 2(6), pages 136–139,2016.
 * Art and Science Education in Optics: From Multidisciplinary to Transdisciplinary (Arte e Ciência no Ensino de Óptica: Da Multidisciplinaridade à Transdisciplinaridade), Claudemir Batista, Edivaldo Lima, Universidade de São Paulo, e-Disciplinas, Sistema de Apoio às Disciplinas.
 * Art and Science Education in Optics: From Multidisciplinary to Transdisciplinary (Arte e Ciência no Ensino de Óptica: Da Multidisciplinaridade à Transdisciplinaridade), Claudemir Batista, Edivaldo Lima, Universidade de São Paulo, e-Disciplinas, Sistema de Apoio às Disciplinas.

Documentaries

 * "Is this the World's Smallest Sculpture?". A documentary on Hurwitz's nano sculpture made by CNN featuring curator of the Tate Modern, Chris Dercon, sculptor Antony Gormley and art critic Estelle Lovatt. CNN Ones to Watch shines a spotlight on the up-and-coming creative talents set to be the next big names in culture and the arts. Published online and on CNN International, March 2015.

Charity
Hurwitz is founder of the Separated Child Foundation which supports unaccompanied refugee children arriving on UK shores.

Exhibitions

 * 2020, Science Gallery, Venice
 * 2019, Body+Soul exhibition, One Canada Square, London
 * 2019, SCOPE Art Show, Miami USA
 * 2019, Parallel Lines - Drawing and Sculpture Exhibition, The Lightbox Museum, Woking
 * 2018, Guangdong Science Center, China
 * 2018, Puke Ariki Museum, New Zealand
 * 2017, SCOPE Art Show with Modus Art Gallery, Miami, USA
 * 2017, Oregon Museum of Science and Industry, USA
 * 2017, Science Centre Singapore, Singapore
 * 2017, Liberty Science Center, New York, USA
 * 2016, Opera Gallery, London, United Kingdom
 * 2016, Kunstkraftwerk Museum, Leipzig, Germany
 * 2016, International Images for Science, The Royal Photographic Society, London
 * 2015, Discovery Place Museum of Science and Technology, Charlotte, USA
 * 2015, Petrosains Museum, Kuala Lumpur
 * 2014, Fleet Science Center, San Diego
 * 2014, Threadneedle Prize Exhibition, ICA London
 * 2013, Savoy Hotel, Unveiling of Kaspar the Anamorphic Cat sculpture, Solo show
 * 2010, Arte Laguna Prize, Arsenale, Venice
 * 2009, Bentlif Gallery, Maidstone Museum & Art Gallery

title: Jonty Hurwitz


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Arthur Adams (zoologist)

Arthur Adams (1820 in Gosport, Hampshire – 1878) was an English physician and naturalist.

Adams was assistant surgeon Royal Navy on board HMS Samarang during the survey of the islands of the Eastern Archipelago, from 1843 to 1846. He edited the Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Samarang (1850). Adam White collaborated with him in the descriptions of the Crustacea from the voyage. In 1857, during the Second China War whilst serving as Surgeon on HMS Actaeon, he was present at the storming of Canton and awarded the China War Medal. He retired as Staff Surgeon aboard flagship HMS Royal Adelaide at Plymouth in 1870.

He was a prolific malacologist who described "hundreds of new species, most of them unillustrated and insufficiently diagnosed". He partly worked together with his brother Henry Adams (1813–1877) and together they wrote The genera of recent mollusca: arranged according to their organization (three volumes, 1858). He also wrote Travels of a naturalist in Japan and Manchuria (1870), and an article about the interesting spiders seen on his travels.

Species named after Arthur Adams
Finella adamsi (Dall, 1889), Arcopsis adamsi (Dall, 1886), Hinnites adamsi Dall, 1886 (synonym of Pseudohinnites adamsi (Dall, 1886) ), Brachidontes adamsianus (Dunker, 1857), Nucinella adamsi (Dall, 1898); likely Natica adamsiana R. W. Dunker, 1860, possibly Octopus adamsi Benham, 1944 (synonym of Octopus huttoni Benham, 1943), possibly Zebrida adamsii White, 1847.

title: Arthur Adams (zoologist)


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Reg Groth

Reginald William Groth (1 February 1914 – 20 March 1994) was an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Salisbury from 1970 to 1979 for the Labor Party.

title: Reg Groth


text:
Talk:Ludovic Paratte

External links modified
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title: Talk:Ludovic Paratte


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羯鼓

Noun

 * 1) a small Chinese double-headed drum struck with two wooden sticks, adopted from the Central Asian region of  during the

Etymology
Appears to be a coinage in Japanese from -derived components, as a compound of. So called for the putative origins of the drum design, introduced to Japan during the.

Noun

 * 1)  a small double-headed drum struck with two sticks, used in the gagaku and noh music of Japan
 * 2)  a, a kind of dance as part of a noh play, performed while playing a kakko drum held to one's chest
 * 3)  a lively kakko drum performance played during such a noh dance
 * 4)  a, the fourth act in a noh play, consisting of such a dance
 * 5)  a, a kind of folk dance performed with a kakko drum hung in front from one's neck
 * 1)  a, a kind of folk dance performed with a kakko drum hung in front from one's neck

title: 羯鼓


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Talk:filk

RFV discussion
The hits at b.g.c. suggests this is a common scanning error for milk (somehow.) --Connel MacKenzie 03:36, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

 * All the ones I see are scannos for silk. But if you search on filk music you'll find lots of uses. Robert Ullmann 17:33, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm only familiar with the "parody" usage, which to me is independent of the science fiction/fantasy context. The references in the Wikipedia article Filk music suggest that the main sense should be verifiable. Thryduulf 09:01, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

 * If you read only the Wikipedia page, yes you can easily get that impression. But there don't seem to be supporting uses; only that one secondary source.  --Connel MacKenzie 19:32, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Huh? I don't follow? The 'pedia page gives plenty of sources. I'll confess to a bit of filk singing meself at an SF convention. (Don't know about the Photoshop sense.) Robert Ullmann 17:33, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

 * The Oxford Dictionary of Science Fiction gives numerous citations for the word filk: the noun is cited as early as 1953; the verb sense of writing or performing a filk is cited as early as 1978. The information about it being an error for folk pertains to the original etymology of its 1953 use.  That is, the word originated as a typo, but has since become a word in its own right.  I'm not sure how milk comes into this. --EncycloPetey 00:34, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Both noun and adj (look for filk science fiction at bgc for noun, filk song for adj.) Also for more history, see . I looked at this rfv several times thinking folks surely *must* have been discussing the photoshop def.  ArielGlenn 06:52, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

Photoshop sense RFV failed, removed. I'm working on citing the musicky sense, because I know it exists and I don't want to delete it. —Ruakh TALK 01:15, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

Now cited and RFV passed. This can also be used as a verb ("filking" gets plenty of b.g.c. hits), but we can get to that later. —Ruakh TALK 01:58, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

definitions
I've added several senses and subcategories to the definition. My credentials are that I am an active filker and a professional linguist (language scientist). Thnidu 04:15, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm sure the entry could use some improvement, but we try not to show attributive use of a noun as a separate part of speech. We use simple tests of gradability and comparability to attest to a headword that is a noun being also an adjective for this purpose. I suspect that filk would fail such a test.

If it cannot be shown to be a "true" adjective, we would need to:
 * 1) have a fuller definition of the noun than we now have;
 * 2) move the adjective citations either to the citations page or to the Noun section; and
 * 3) delete the adjective section. DCDuring TALK 12:42, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

RFC discussion: June 2007–November 2009
Tagged but not listed. --Connel MacKenzie 21:13, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Has been cleaned up --Volants 13:44, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Category
Should be in Category:English misspellings? -- <IP_ADDRESS> 10:02, 17 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:filk


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User:Lkevincastillo/sandbox

Buyers are the individuals who purchase merchandise or services provided by companies. In the US, government and state laws exist to protect buyers from organizations that try to exploit them. The Federal exchange commission secures the buyer at a national level. It expresses that promoting should be honest, straightforward, must have proof to back up its case, and can't be unjustifiable. An ad that cheats clients to act a specific way or material which influences the choice of buyers' choice is what makes an advertisement false. It's not always about what the ad is letting you know yet what it isn't making you know, which can be very misdirecting. There are states where you can sue the company simply because you purchased a product or service, and it didn't come out as they advertised. You are allowed to sue the company. You can still sue a company for common law fraud, even if your state doesn't have a false advertising law. The most common punishments for doing so cease and desist orders, civil penalties, correcting fake endorsements, and other informational remedies.

title: User:Lkevincastillo/sandbox


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/UKSPI

The result of the debate was delete. Mailer Diablo 12:20, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

UKSPI
- The link did work this morning, it has been edited. I have repaired it now. AngloKurisu.
 * Delete - This page was added by User:Anglokurisu who has simply added the same link to UKSPI to a range of pages related to the paranormal, UKSPI is obviously an organisation he/she has affiliation with. Therefore this page is simply self-promotion and of no value to Wikipedia. Solar 00:05, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep - UKSPI is concerned with research within the paranormal, and is recognised by a number of institutions include Universities in the UK. Other people who are affiliated with the paranormal have added their own articles such as Jason Karl and Phil Wyman, all of which are no long affilated with the paranormal. Also UKSPI was the only research group added to the links, the rest were from information relayed from the research conducted by organisations such as UKSPI. UKSPI is relevant to Wikipeida as it fields research into the paranormal, not only by existance of ghosts, but also the on going psychological study of paranormal experiences in the UK. This is not against the Wikipedia rules as the theories and ideas have not been added to Wikipedia. - Anglokurisu
 * Delete - non notable quack group with 100 members dr.alf 01:16, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete - same as above --Phenz 01:20, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per Dr.alf. ¡Dustimagic!  ( T / C ) 04:29, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above -- T B C [[Image:Confused-tpvgames.gif|18px|]] ???  ???   ??? 05:59, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete. Get 224 ghits, almost all are irrelevant. (Wikipedia is #5.) Non-notable. Grand  master  ka  06:53, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom.  OhNo itsJamie Talk 23:30, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, as the link doesn't work. --  Zanimum 17:05, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete nonnotable. mikka (t) 23:54, 24 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. --Khoikhoi 04:20, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Sockpuppet or Anonymous Votes and Comments

 * Keep - UKSPI seems to have a lot of information on their website that could be vital to people studying or researching the paranormal. I do not believe this is self advertising, they are trying to help others by sharing their information and facts. They are one of the only paranormal links on this website that have such information avaliable to anyone who may need it.

UKSPI is a non-profit research group from he United Kingdom, and aims to answer one of the most debated questions through self-funded research. Spiritseekers are also linked on the paranormal webpage, yet only have 15 memebers.

 * Keep - This page does have significance to the field of paranormal research. There are a large number of groups who have their links on several paranormal groups, and from looking at their website they seem to be the only group with any sort of scientific research into the paranormal. I have seen other groups who are just as official as them such as Torro, who have been allowed to keep their page on there. It maybe self promotion, but it appears as if their research is vital to the paranormal field.

 * Do Not Delete- UKSPI seems to have a lot of information on their website that could be vital to people studying or researching the paranormal. I do not believe this is self advertising, they are trying to help others by sharing their information and facts. They are one of the only paranormal links on this website that have such information avaliable to anyone who may need it.
 * This comment is by user:Evenstarbabe, who has no other edits. She is certainly a sock-puppet, thus this vote is discounted. --  Zanimum 15:33, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

'''I will delete the article, nothing is worth this hassle. I believe UKSPI to have significance to Wikipedia, but it appears that a large well known English Organisation cannot be added onto Wikipedia. I believe this to be a mass injudice, but I will no longer risk the professionalism of UKSPI but arguing with the members of Wikipedia. I am deleting the article now. So don't bother with the voting, enough people view our website on a much more dignified website such as Google, who have always been supportive of us.'''
 * Google records everything. It doesn't support anything (ignoring Google.org). There's simply no way to verify the information. Sorry. --  Zanimum 21:43, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/UKSPI


text:
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Draft:The Ultimate Travelling Camp

 __NOINDEX__

The result of the discussion was:  delete. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 21:12, 25 August 2020 (UTC)

Draft:The Ultimate Travelling Camp

 * – (View MfD)

This draft is the same as The Ultimate Travelling Camp, which was deleted as G11. This draft is not about to become an article. This nomination is not based on notability, since lack of notability is not a reason for deletion of drafts, but on tone. Robert McClenon (talk) 15:30, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Either G11 or ignore. There is no reason for MfD to deal with all hopeless drafts.  --SmokeyJoe (talk) 02:54, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete: Tagged with G11 as this page is obviously promotional. Aasim 23:19, 23 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Juan Antonio García Díez

Juan Antonio García Díez (4 August 1940 – 6 May 1998) was a Spanish politician from the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) who held several cabinet posts between 1977 and 1982, most prominently serving as Deputy Prime Minister of Spain from December 1981 to December 1982.

title: Juan Antonio García Díez