text:
Continuum (John Mayer album)

Continuum is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter John Mayer, released on September 12, 2006, by Aware and Columbia Records. Recording sessions took place from January 2005 to July 2006 at The Village Recorder in Los Angeles, Avatar Studios and Right Track/Sound on Sound in New York City, and Royal Studios in Memphis, Tennessee. Produced by singer and drummer Steve Jordan, it marked a change in Mayer's musical style, incorporating elements of blues and soul more heavily than in his previous work with pop rock. Bassist Pino Palladino also performs on the album; Mayer, Jordan, and Palladino had toured the previous year under the name John Mayer Trio and had released a live album, Try!. Studio versions of two of the songs from that album appear on Continuum.

The album debuted at number 2 on the US Billboard 200, selling more than 300,186 copies in its first week of sales. It also reached the top-10 of several other countries and sold over 5 million copies worldwide. Upon its release, Continuum received generally positive reviews from critics, and earned Mayer several accolades, including a Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album and Best Male Pop Vocal Performance at the 49th Grammy Awards. Rolling Stone named it the 11th best album of 2006; in 2020, they ranked it number 486 on its 2020 updated list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.

Background
Mayer made the decision to name his third album Continuum at least a year before the album was released. In his column in the April 2005 issue of Esquire, Mayer wrote, "I'm obsessed with time lately, constantly crunching the numbers to get some sense of where I stand in the continuum." In his column in the September 2005 issue of Esquire he confirmed the title, writing, "I've never experienced anything like the recording process involved in making Continuum, my third-album-to-be."

The album features mainly new songs, though "Gravity" and "Vultures" are available in live versions from John Mayer Trio's Try!, and "Bold as Love" is a Jimi Hendrix cover: the first Hendrix cover that Mayer has ever recorded as a studio release, although Mayer had played "Bold as Love" live many times prior to the release of Continuum such as on the televised Tsunami Aid: A Concert of Hope on January 15, 2005, and has since recorded other Hendrix songs such as "The Wind Cries Mary" and "Wait Until Tomorrow" in live settings. The album contains a collaboration between Mayer and 8-string guitarist Charlie Hunter on "In Repair". The song "Stop This Train" was written during a time of, what Mayer calls, "solitary refinement"; he was in bed suffering from double kidney stones and living in a hotel while finding a new residence.

Cover art
The word "Continuum" is showcased across the center. The typography for the title was customized to give the letters "C" and "o" the appearance of an infinity symbol: ∞. Many of the following letters touch in some way; the right vertical line of the second "u" is the left vertical line of the "m" in the title.

The album has been released several times with slight differences in the artwork. The three major releases feature, respectively: A photo of Mayer; a silver cover with a white title; and a Local 83-only version (including a silver bag). The first features a dark gray-scale photograph of Mayer with the title near the top; another is identical except for "featured" centered across the top. Some versions feature only a CD. In these cases, the album features Mayer on the cover. When the album is packaged with a jewel casing, the inside cover is all white with the "Continuum" logo printed very faintly on it. The basic CD is white with off-white letters that slides into a slipcase of deep gray with lettering in light gray and blue/green. During the pre-order, it appeared as though there would be a variation of said artwork on a special edition version, and it turned out that the "special packaging" was a shiny silver bag which held the CD and the pre-order bonuses. All artwork was designed by Mayer along with Smog Design, Inc. The inside of the CD sleeve includes photographs, some taken by Mayer, such as of the studio (where Mayer's handwriting describes, "*this is what my heart looks like*") and a Ferris wheel where Mayer's handwriting is imposed over the top of the photograph, featuring the lyrics to his songs. There is also a photograph of Mayer with Pino Palladino and Steve Jordan (the John Mayer Trio) on a beach. The CD sleeve features the lyrics to all of Continuum ' s songs. With both Heavier Things and Room for Squares, there were incongruities with the lyrics in the sleeves when compared with the albums; however, the Continuum lyrics are all printed exactly as recorded on the album.

The UK version of Continuum features a photograph of Mayer on the cover. This cover was used for promotional releases, such as when Mayer performed live on the Australian television program Rove Live. The alternative cover was presented for television by the show's host Rove McManus.

In November 2007, a special edition of Continuum was released. The cover for the special edition features a grey background and silver text for the title, with the Columbia Records logo in black instead of white. However, the line "Music by John Mayer" remains the same teal color as on the regular release. The cover layout is the same.

Release and promotion
By the time of release, Mayer had performed almost all of the songs live at least once, either with a full band or alone in an acoustic set during the Hotel Cafe shows from the previous winter. On August 23, 2006, the entire Continuum album was played on Los Angeles radio station STAR 98.7, with the segment hosted by Mayer himself. He repeated the event for different media outlets several more times before the album's September release, such as "Sneak Peek" through Clear Channel Music; he also performed three songs live for Sessions@AOL. Subsequently, the album was made available for streaming on Clear Channel Music website and for pre-purchase on iTunes, all prior to the album's official release. The iTunes pre-release included the exclusive bonus track, "Can't Take That Plane".

A limited edition EP of "Waiting on the World to Change" was released, featuring the album version of the song. The EP includes a bonus acoustic version which features Ben Harper, as well as a studio recording of "Good Love is on the Way", a live version of which was released on the John Mayer Trio's Try!. The Ben Harper version of "Waiting on the World to Change" and an alternative acoustic-only version of "Good Love is on the Way" are also available on Mayer's subsequent release, the EP The Village Sessions.

The first single, "Waiting on the World to Change", was released on July 11, 2006. The music video for the song was directed by Philip Andelman and features Mayer walking along the East River while graffiti artists Futura, Tats Cru, and Daze graffiti messages on New York City billboards displaying messages relating to the song's content. On February 22, 2007, Continuum's second single, "Gravity", entered the Billboard Hot 100 at number 71, joining the already charting "Waiting on the World to Change", making for two Continuum singles on the Hot 100 at the same time. It was featured in the soundtrack for the television series House in 2008. "Waiting" entered the Billboard's Hot 100 Digital Songs Chart at number 63. It has sold 68,115 in digital downloads since its release. Mayer performed the single "Gravity" at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards with fellow musicians Corinne Bailey Rae and John Legend. "Dreaming with a Broken Heart" is the third official single release from Continuum, and was released for ads at Hot AC and Triple A radio on July 9, 2007.

On November 20, 2007, a special edition of Continuum was released that included a bonus disc of six live tracks and a 20-page booklet containing photos from the tour. Five of the songs are live versions of tracks from Continuum, including all of its singles. A sixth song, "I Don't Need No Doctor", was originally performed by Ray Charles; Mayer previously performed the song as part of his set with the John Mayer Trio. The single "Say" (from The Bucket List soundtrack) was also made available on the CD through an online download unlock function. The tracks were produced by Mayer's engineer Chad Franscoviak.

The album was reissued on Columbia Records on April 8, 2008, with the single "Say" being added directly on the disc. A vinyl LP version of this reissue was also released, on two 180-gram discs.

Commercial performance
Continuum debuted on the US Billboard 200 chart at number 2, with 300,186 copies sold. It did not reach number one, impeded by the Justin Timberlake album FutureSex/LoveSounds, which was released at the same time. As of August 2018, Continuum has sold four million copies in the United States and is Mayer's third consecutive multi-platinum selling studio album. It stayed in the top 100 of the Billboard 200 for 50 weeks (37 of those weeks were in the top 50).

Worldwide, it has moved more than 5 million copies. In Canada, the album debuted at number 2 on the official Albums Chart and is certified platinum for sales of 100,000 copies. According to Nielsen SoundScan, Continuum was the fourth best selling digital album for 2006 in Canada. With no lead single in Australia, Continuum debuted on the ARIA Albums Chart at number 12, his lowest debut in Australia to date (Room for Squares debuted at number 5 and Heavier Things at number 4). Continuum was the ninety-eighth best selling album for 2006 on the ARIA (ARIA) Albums Chart. It has been certified gold by ARIA for sales of 35,000 copies and had stayed on ARIA's Top 100 Albums chart for 34 weeks before exiting the chart. Continuum held the record for the most album downloads in history with over 326,000 copies downloaded until June 29, 2008, when it was surpassed by the Coldplay album Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends.

On February 22, 2007, the lead single, "Waiting on the World to Change", peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles Chart, where it stayed for 41 weeks. To date in the US, the single has sold 1,632,137 in digital downloads, and was certified platinum by the RIAA when it crossed the one-million mark in sales. After a month of release, the single peaked at number 17 on the Australian ARIA Top 40 Digital Track Chart on November 19, 2006.

The album was nominated for three Grammys (including Album of the Year), and won two (Best Pop Vocal Album and Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for "Waiting on the World to Change".

Critical reception
Continuum received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 67, based on 18 reviews. Matt Collar of AllMusic called it "a gorgeously produced, brilliantly stripped-to-basics album that incorporates blues, soft-funk, R&B, folk and pop in a sound that is totally owned by Mayer." Mojo called it a "great blue-eyed soul record." Ann Powers of the Los Angeles Times commented that Mayer is "best when treading softly, finding the fluid heart of blue-eyed soul", rather than on more "angst"-filled songs. Bryan Borzykowski of Now felt that "[Mayer's] melodic voice, warm production, complex riffs and thoughtful lyrics should cure the violent reactions Mayer's name used to evoke." MSN Music's Robert Christgau gave Continuum a three-star honorable mention, indicating "an enjoyable effort consumers attuned to its overriding aesthetic or individual vision may well treasure". He cited "Waiting on the World to Change" and "The Heart of Life" as highlights and quipped, "Saying in so many words what his less-gifted, more-pretentious contemporaries think it's cool to camouflage". Anthony DeCurtis, writing in Rolling Stone, called it "a smart, breezy album that deftly fuses his love for old-school blues and R&B with his natural gift for sharp melodies and well-constructed songs." The magazine later ranked it the eleventh best album of 2006.

In a mixed review, Slant Magazine's Jonathan Keefe wrote that, "with no edge to the songwriting and with such spit-polished, tasteful production, Continuum just doesn't convince as a heady, soulful rock album or as Mayer's creative quantum leap forward". Jody Rosen, writing for Entertainment Weekly, felt that Mayer is too "classy" and wrote that, although the songs are "shapely" and "the musicianship is elegant and virtuosic", the music's "low-key loveliness dissipates into a sleep-inducing soft-rock haze." Stylus Magazine stated that Mayer "calmly circles the same career themes with the same warmed-over, palatable guitar weavings". Q magazine called it "dour stuff reminiscent of a yogic Sting."

Track listing
All songs written by John Mayer, except where noted

Musicians

 * John Mayer – vocals, guitars, production
 * Pino Palladino – bass guitar
 * Steve Jordan – drums on all tracks except 5; percussion on tracks 1, 2, 5, 8, and 10; backing vocals on track 1; production
 * Ricky Peterson – keyboards on tracks 1, 6, 11 and 12; backing vocals on track 1
 * Roy Hargrove – horns on tracks 1 and 2
 * Willie Weeks – bass on track 2
 * Ben Harper – guitar on track 3
 * Clayton Cameron – drums on track 3
 * Manolo Badrena – percussion on track 3
 * Larry Goldings – keyboards and organ on track 4
 * James Valentine – guitar on tracks 7 and 11
 * Jamie Muhoberac – keyboards on tracks 7 and 11
 * Charlie Hunter – eight-string guitar on track 11
 * Jim LeBlanc-Barnes – shaker on tracks 4 and 11; backing vocals on track 9

 * Lester Snell – keyboards and horn arrangements assistance on track 12
 * Boo Mitchell – horn arrangements on track 12
 * Willie Mitchell – horn arrangements on track 12
 * Carlos Saucedo – guitars on track 12
 * Harley Pasternak – backing vocals on track 1
 * Jeannie Martinez – backing vocals on track 1
 * Kristen Moss – backing vocals on track 1
 * Lee Padgett – backing vocals on track 1
 * Maggie Slavonic – backing vocals on track 1
 * Ricky Cytonbaum – backing vocals on track 1
 * Sandy Vongdasy – backing vocals on track 1
 * Scotty Crowe – backing vocals on track 1

Production

 * Manny Marroquin – mixing on tracks 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12
 * Michael Brauer – mixing on tracks 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11
 * Jared Robbins – mixing assistance on tracks 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12
 * Will Hensley – mixing assistance on tracks 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11
 * Chad Franscoviak – engineering
 * Joe Ferla – engineering
 * Dave O'Donnell – engineering on tracks 1, 3 and 11
 * John Alagía – engineering on track 7
 * Angie Teo – engineering assistance, Pro Tools engineering
 * Brian Montgomery – engineering assistance, Pro Tools engineering

 * Bryan Pugh – engineering assistance, Pro Tools engineering
 * Dan Monti – engineering assistance
 * Jared Nugent – engineering assistance
 * Jim Monti – engineering assistance
 * Peter Doris – engineering assistance, Pro Tools engineering
 * Vanessa Parr – engineering assistance
 * Greg Calbi – mastering
 * Martin Pradler – digital editing, Pro Tools engineering
 * Nathaniel Kunkel – Pro Tools engineering

Accolades
On December 7, 2006, Continuum was nominated for three Grammys. Including these, Mayer earned five nominations, in total – one nomination for Best Rock Album for Try! with the John Mayer Trio and another for Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance for "Route 66" from the Cars motion picture soundtrack. The album's lead single, "Waiting on the World to Change", was nominated and won in the category for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. Continuum won the Grammy for Best Pop Vocal Album.

title: Continuum (John Mayer album)


text:
Talk:Hamiltonian completion

APX?
Read in article:
 * Moreover, Hamiltonian completion belongs to the APX complexity class, i.e., it is unlikely that efficient constant ratio approximation algorithms exist for this problem.

Read APX article:
 * Class APX is the set of NP optimization problems that allow polynomial-time approximation algorithms with approximation ratio bounded by a constant (or constant-factor approximation algorithms for short).

Jumpow (talk) 11:22, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Hamiltonian completion


text:
Spanish/Past Participle

../Verbs/

Broken, thought, gone, ...

Roto, pensado, ido, ...

The past participle in Spanish is usually the same as the past tense. I thought, I had thought. But sometimes it is the same. I broke, I had broken. In English it is a different conjugation as a rule.

Take the -ar, -er, and -ir ending off of the infinitive and replace it with -ado (-ar verbs) or -ido (-er and -ir verbs).

Regular conjugation examples
Pensar >> pensado Comer >> comido Venir >> venido

Irregular conjugation examples
Romper >> roto Morir >> muerto

title: Spanish/Past Participle


text:
Kpini Chugu

Kpini Chugu, which means Guineafowl Festival in Dagbani, is a minor festival celebrated on the fourth month after Damba in Northern region of Ghana. It is observed in the Dagbon, Mamprugu and Nanung traditional areas. Naa Zangina is known to have been the initiator of this festival.

History Behind Kpini Chugu

This festival as stated earlier was initiated during the reign of Naa Zangina. Naa Zangina according to oral history was the one who brought Islam to Dagbon. The ancient folklore states that during the time of the Prophet Mohammed, he was on a journey in the desert and along the way his water got finished and he was virtually dying with thirst.

In his frantic search for water which definitely is a scarce commodity in the desert, he encountered a guineafowl flying overhead and water dripped on him. He quizzed the guineafowl where it got the water from but the guineafowl refused to show the prophet where it had gotten the water. Subsequently a different animal came by and showed the prophet where the water was.

So as a form of punishment for the guineafowl, it was decided that the guineafowl would be slaughtered for refusing to show the prophet the location of the water. Before it is slaughtered, a few feathers are plucked off it and it's given a few stripes of lashes using small fig while proclaiming "A daa moŋ ti anabi kɔm" in dagbanli which literally translates to, you denied our prophet water after which it is slaughted and used for a feast.

title: Kpini Chugu


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/PonoMusic

The result was merge to Pono (digital music service). Or the other way round as proposed below.  Sandstein  09:40, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

PonoMusic

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Same subject as Pono (digital music service) Rathfelder (talk) 14:09, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Music-related deletion discussions. North America1000 14:28, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Companies-related deletion discussions. North America1000 14:28, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of California-related deletion discussions. North America1000 14:28, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect Article creator here - thanks for the ping . I think this may be better as a merge and redirect with Pono (digital music service), but the question is which one stays as the main article.  When I created this in 2014, the digital music service article was there, but not the company article, which this one was intended to be. There was a player, a service and a company, like with the iPod, iTunes and Apple.  The PonoPlayer article was created in January 2015 by, who appears inactive since May but I pinged him (her?) anyway. The service and player subsequently failed, but we want to keep a record of everything as part of the digital graveyard.  Whatever the consensus is, a merge and redirect will keep the separate editing history. Without going too much down memory lane, my initial instinct is to merge and redirect both PonoPlayer and Pono (digital music service) to PonoMusic (the company).  We could have a player and service section in the company article. That seems more elegant. I'll revisit when I have more time and after others have had time to chime in. TimTempleton (talk)  (cont)  15:38, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

 * If you are happy to merge them I'll withdraw this proposal. Rathfelder (talk) 15:40, 22 September 2019 (UTC)


text:
Bellary Cantonment

Bellary Cantonment, was a cantonment area in Madras Presidency in the British Raj. Bellary, today in Karnataka, came under British administration in 1800, and was the headquarters of the Bellary District, in the Southern Division of Madras, in 1840. The Imperial Gazetteer of India (1909) states, "Until the British made Bellary a cantonment it contained little but its fort". Bellary Cantonment, situated to the west of the fort.

The cantonment had golf links, race course, a large military hospital and barracks for all segments of the army. Wellington and Edward Williams served as officers in this cantonment.

After Bellary was merged with the Madras Presidency in 1800, the British wanted to set up three jails here. The first prison was established in 1872 after the First War of Independence and came to be known as the Central Jail. The second, Allipur open-air jail, and third at TB Sanatorium. The prisoners of war (PoW) of the world war were kept here by the British.

As of now the cantonment is without any military activity. Even though, the area is still called as 'Cantonment' and with some urbanization. The Ballari Central Jail is still being used, whereas the other two are closed.

title: Bellary Cantonment


text:
Uma Bharti ministry

This is a list of minister from Uma Bharti cabinets starting from December 2003. Uma Bharti is the leader of Bharatiya Janata Party was sworn in the Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh in December 2003. Here is the list of the ministers of her ministry.

Cabinet Ministers

 * Uma Bharti - Chief Minister
 * Babulal Gaur
 * Gauri Shankar Shejwar
 * Kailash Chawla
 * Raghavji
 * Dhal Singh Bisen
 * Gopal Bhargava
 * Kailash Vijayvargiya
 * Choudhury Chandrabhan Singh
 * Narendra Singh Tomar
 * Harnam Singh Rathore
 * Ramakant Tiwari
 * Om Prakash Dhurve

Minister of State

 * Anoop Mishra
 * Meena Singh
 * Jagdish Mubel
 * Badrilal Yadav
 * Alka Jain

title: Uma Bharti ministry


text:
Talk:Psychology

Past talk

 * 2005-2008

Restructuring
I've begun restructuring this 'school'. To start with I'm following the suggestions by McCormack on the Colloquium (27 April, 2008), pasted here for convenience and modified/revised. -- Jtneill - Talk 12:45, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Topics

 * a. The topics section is really just a list of which pages need a category leading from Category:Psychology, so I'd ensure all the existing (blue) Topic: pages have an equivalent Category: and then rely on the CategoryTree to lead to the listed topics;
 * Done. -- Jtneill - Talk 12:45, 27 April 2008 (UTC)
 * b. the CategoryTree could go on Portal:Psychology (which does not exist yet and might make better sense!).
 * Done. -- Jtneill - Talk 15:32, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Journals
The list of journals and external resources should go to Psychology Learning Resources (mainspace) and be categorised under Category:Psychology where it will show up prominently in the CategoryTree.
 * Done. -- Jtneill - Talk 15:30, 27 April 2008 (UTC)
 * -> Psychology/Learning resources. -- Jtneill - Talk 10:47, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

Courses

 * a. The list of uncreated courses is a hangover from the early days and should be deleted.
 * Done. -- Jtneill - Talk 15:31, 27 April 2008 (UTC)
 * b. The created courses should be checked for proper categorisation (CategoryTree listing) and perhaps some chosen as featured content for the new Psychology portal.

Participants
The participants list could be moved to the talk page of the new portal.
 * Done. moved below for now. -- Jtneill - Talk 16:59, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

The rest
The rest could probably go in boxes on the new Psychology portal. At the same time, the portal should become more friendly towards resource creation, which the current School: page isn't.

Trying to understand the psychology pages' hierarchy
So, I'm new to the Wikiversity and I have been looking around at the psychology articles, and I found it very confusing that there were four separate "psychology" pages (one for each of Portal:, School:, Topic:, and /Psychology). Perhaps these could be condensed to just one School:Psychology page that is underneath the Social Sciences portal. Then specialties (such as biopsych, cognitive, clinical, etc) could be put under the Topic: namespace. I have a little example here on my user page. I'd be glad to do the consolidation and re-arranging, but I just wanted to ask first so I don't start overwriting plans that other people might have for these pages. Thanks!  -- CraigWilliam 19:17, 3 September 2008 (UTC)
 * See the msg on your talk page and made a link at Portal reform to here. Erkan Yilmaz uses the Chat (try) 18:14, 5 September 2008 (UTC)

Participants
The histories of Wikiversity pages indicate who the active participants are. If you are an active participant in this school, you can list your name here (this can help small schools grow and the participants communicate better; for large schools it is not needed).
 * ArrowStomper 17:47, 12 October 2006 (UTC)
 * dolp706
 * Freeman 08:56, 16 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Yi Fang
 * Aismailov 10:43, 29 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Freesree
 * Indie3
 * Dionysios (talk), a Participant in the Wikiversity School of Advanced General Studies, Date: 2007-07-24 (July 24, 2007) Time: 1345 UTC
 * RantPavlov
 * xTHExONEx1
 * <IP_ADDRESS> 06:55, 23 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Jtneill 12:28, 10 March 2008 (UTC)
 * AFriedman 22:35, 31 December 2008 (UTC)
 * BrienWest (discuss • contribs) 22:49, 26 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Kernsters July 2013

2013 talk
Hey guys, I'm going to be contributing to the Cognitive Psychology sub-project. I don't really know how active this group is, or if you have moved somewhere else, but I have already started improving the main Cognitive psychology stub article in my sandbox. Cheers! BrienWest (discuss • contribs) 22:53, 26 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Glad to see some renewed activity! I noticed on your page you have some topics that overlap with a project I'm currently workign on, Fundamentals of Neuroscience. Feel free to check it out or link to it as a resource. (We may even want to consider a merger seeing as your project is just getting off the ground, as I think a cognitive science page would be a great addition to Topic:Neuroscience) ---Kernsters (discuss • contribs) 16:32, 3 July 2013 (UTC)
 * I definitely see a merger as a possibility. I'm actually a computer science major.  So I'm not too familiar with the workings of the psychology world, but I am learning.  Cheers! --BrienWest (discuss • contribs) 14:49, 5 July 2013 (UTC)

Noteworthy Articles
I'd like to nominate Cognitive psychology as a featured psychology article, or at least to upgrade it from being a stub. --BrienWest (discuss • contribs) 06:57, 6 July 2013 (UTC)
 * I'm revoking this nomination since that project is now in an experimental state. --BrienWest (discuss • contribs) 17:54, 10 July 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Psychology


text:
Troitsk, Kalmansky District, Altai Krai

Troitsk (Троицк) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Kalmansky Selsoviet, Kalmansky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 605 as of 2013. There are 7 streets.

Geography
Troitsk is located on the right bank of the Kalmanka River, 4 km southeast of Kalmanka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kalmanka is the nearest rural locality.

title: Troitsk, Kalmansky District, Altai Krai


text:
File talk:EuroB2017.png

Color of Kosovo
Kosovo this is other from Serbia teem. Teem of Kosovo lost in qualification. Please coloring Kosovo in other color.--ЯцекJacek (talk) 00:08, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

title: File talk:EuroB2017.png


text:
1963 Houston Cougars football team

The 1963 Houston Cougars football team was an American football team that represented the University of Houston as an independent during the 1963 NCAA University Division football season. In its second season under head coach Bill Yeoman, the team compiled a 2–8 record. Clem Beard, Demaree Jones, and Frank Brewer were the team captains. The team played its home games at Rice Stadium in Houston.

The game against Louisville was originally scheduled to be played on November 23, but was postponed to December 14 due to the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

title: 1963 Houston Cougars football team


text:
Cookbook talk:Artichoke

The 'eating' part of this article was copied from artichoke. The introduction was rewritten by me.

Edit History as follows: * (cur) (last). . 11:06, 10 Nov 2003. . Michael Shields (add image) * (cur) (last). . M 07:38, 7 Nov 2003. . Muriel Gottrop (Reverted to last edit by Marshman) * (cur) (last). . 07:34, 7 Nov 2003. . <IP_ADDRESS>   * (cur) (last). . 16:29, 22 Oct 2003. . Marshman (Clrify part that is eaten; add links) * (cur) (last). . 20:07, 21 Oct 2003. . Marshman (Copy edit; correct - artichoke IS a vegetable, not a fruit) * (cur) (last). . M 09:45, 20 Feb 2003. . Nevilley (fm) * (cur) (last). . M 09:39, 20 Feb 2003. . Nevilley (minor reword) * (cur) (last). . 07:53, 20 Feb 2003. . Tarquin * (cur) (last). . M 14:43, 19 Feb 2003. . Nevilley (conclusion) * (cur) (last). . M 14:42, 19 Feb 2003. . Nevilley (Eating technique (see talk)) * (cur) (last). . 14:04, 19 Feb 2003. . <IP_ADDRESS>   * (cur) (last). . 14:03, 19 Feb 2003. . <IP_ADDRESS>

Artichokes are common in Europe and now the UK. Fresh butter is the main dip of choice. The season starts in late autumn but is quite short. A good farmers market or greengrocer is the best place to get them in Britain. LC

title: Cookbook talk:Artichoke


text:
Learning Java/Objects and Classes

Classes
Classes are the core of Java. Everything is done within classes. You already know how to create a class:

You can also have multiple classes in a single file: If you do this, only one public class is allowed and the others have to be protected-private (no modifier). When this is compiled two class files will be created, NAME.class and otherClass.class. otherClass can be run by  just like normal. You can use these classes in objects...

Fields
Fields (also known as instance variables) are variables declared in the class itself - not in any method. For example, the following is a field: Fields are like any other variable; they may hold primitive types (int, boolean, double, etc) or reference types (String, Integer, or any other class type). Fields can be accessed outside of the class depending on the visibility modifier they are defined with. In the example above "field" has an access modifier of private, which means that it may only be accessed from within the class itself, and may not be accessed directly outside of the class. We will touch on access modifiers later on.

Methods
You have used one method in each of your programs - main(String[] args). Methods are blocks of code which allow classes and objects to perform specific tasks. Methods are defined with an (optional) visibility modifier (such as public or private), an (optional) access modifier (final, static, abstract, etc), a return type (void, int, String, etc) which defines the type of value the method will give after being called, a name, zero or more parameters (inputs), and optionally a throws clause which defines exceptions which the method may throw (Exceptions are discussed later on.). Methods also contain a body, which contains any number of statements to be executed when the method is called.

Lets examine main again:

Its visibility is public, which means it can be called outside of the class. Its access modifier is static (more on this later). It has a return type of void - it does not return anything. Its name is main. It takes one parameter, an array of String objects. Finally its body contains two statements.

Lets get into return types. The following returns an int:

But what does that mean? Well, it means that it must have a return statement within it which must return an integer value. An example: This method has a single statement which simply returns the value 5.

Would the following work:

The answer, actually, is yes because the return type in this case is "void" which means the method returns nothing.

Return statements terminate execution of the method, so any statements below the return statement will not execute. You can however place the return statement within a conditional block of code, so that if the condition is not met the block of code may be skipped and execution of the method will continue immediately after the conditional block. Consider the following code:

If the parameter someNum equals five the method will exit. Otherwise it will continue to the next line of code immediately after the if block. A single line of code is executed in this case:. This is a rather simplified example, however it illustrates how the return statement may be placed in various locations within the method.

Methods are quite simple to call, and you have already seen several examples of method calls in the previous lessons. The code below illustrates how to call a method defined within a class:

The code above defines two classes: Ship and TestClass. Ship has a number of methods defined, including one called accelerate which adds an integer value to its speed. TestClass contains the main method in which we can create an instance of the Ship class. Once we have an instance we can then call its methods to manipulate its data. We do this by calling using the form: class/object.methodname. The important thing to notice here is the use of the "." (dot) operator, which is how instance variables and methods are accessed in Java.

Constructor
The constructor of a type is a method that must be called for an object to be initialized. See Object for more information...

This method is different - its syntax is changed. Because it cannot return anything, it has no return statement. Also, the method name is the same as the class name. Here is an example:

However, it CAN have parameters:

Parameters can be used to say what you want a field to be. Example:

Nested Classes
Classes can also be added to other classes. These are called nested classes: A nested class can have one or more nested classes as well.

Nested classes act just like normal classes, but they cannot be called from other classes. Furthermore, they have access to all variables within the containing classes.

Exercises
Answer to #1.

Answer to #2

You may be wondering, if you did not have the "static" part, why your program did not compile. It is because "main" can only run static methods (except for constructors, which in a way are actually static). "static" makes a method OR field be the same even through objects (See Objects). You will get a better understanding of this.

Objects
Objects are basically prints of classes that can be changed - or else, instances of classes.

Creating Objects
Unlike some object oriented languages, objects are always allocated in the heap and are always created with a new operation. Object variables are references (similar to pointers, but with all of the dangerous parts removed), not instances, and can refer to any object of the declared type.

First you must declare an object reference, like this: Now, you must initialize it so that it points to an object, like this: The new operation will allocate the memory of an object of type SomeClass and call the class's constructor to initialize that memory. For the 2nd class you created, we can make a constructor and remove the main: Now, we can create an object to use the constructor: We can also do it all on one line: This is just like "int i=100", except that we are calling the constructor rather than using a primitive type.

Using Fields and Methods
You can also easily use methods/fields in a class. The syntax is: [object reference].[method/field]; Note: On methods, you still need the parameter.

Now, lets make a String and use the toCharArray method... Or else, using the Operation class, we can pretend everything is public (meaning it can be accessed from outside the class). Each of these do the same thing except with a different string.

Using Classes in One File
If you create multiple classes in one file, you can make objects of them similarly.

Make exercises...

Final Exercise
Answer:

title: Learning Java/Objects and Classes


text:
User:Cusi628

Biography
Hello, I am a student working towards an associates degree- pursuing economics through the running start program. Although I may not have the most interesting point of view, I tend to maintain a middle ground on situations whether they are political or personal. Despite being American, I have a particular interest in China and a plethora of Eastern cultures, typically in Asia. Other interests I'm passionate about include mathematics, history, and social sciences.

Wikipedia is relatively crucial to a large sum of the research I do, even if I don't find the information I need in a hypothetical subject there are typically links which provide a good selection of background information into said subject. Through this platform I've become more educated on a wide variety of economists and economical issues. Outside of what could be considered a more formal setting I also use Wikipedia to gather information about people I find interesting; musicians, artists, and prevalent figures are summarized in a localized environment. A few Wikipedia articles I find intriguing include, leisurely: Frank Ocean, Earl Sweatshirt, and My Hero Academia; formally: Thomas Sowell, Actuary, Tan Suee Chieh, and the Society of Actuaries.

Article Evaluation
Tan Suee Chieh is an actuary with a considerably large sum of accomplishments deriving from his work in a wide variety of fields, which is heavily emphasized on his Wikipedia page. Although he has garnered a high level of notoriety from his field of work- it isn't solely the most important subject discerning him as a 'topic.' This is one problem from a plethora of problems surrounding this article in particular. Rather than portraying his life in an accurate and unbiased portrayal the article has an overwhelming amount of focus on his accomplishments while lacking substantial citations. Among a variety of issues I consider these to be the most critical within the Tan Suee Chieh Wikipedia article: bias, relevance, and citations.

Bias
The article mostly focuses on his association with NTUC by loading the article with a description of NTUC and all of his roles relative to the association. This wouldn't necessarily be a problem if they made a section primarily about his association with the aforementioned company but the vast majority of the article, formatted as an indifferent biography, overwhelmingly emphasizes his former participation in the company. This could allude to bias, whether it be that the author intended to promote Tan's prior workplace or they hadn't attained a sufficient amount of information to make an article on Tan Suee Chieh, their primary focus being NTUC. Regardless of whether or not they intended to put forth an image of NTUC, their supporting links and citation are out of date and don't corroborate much of the information which also harms their credibility.

Relevance
The vast majority of the sources listed are outdated around six to eight years coming from 2011-2013 which would explain their lack of awareness when talking about Tan Suee Chieh since there is a lack of information describing him. Although there is not much information about Tan Suee Chieh, they could have phrased the article better or omitted information that isn't exactly prevalent. A lot of their points are also reiterated which, although correct, becomes redundant and also proves a lack of information and their attempt to run off of little to nothing. Many of the links they've included are also dead which often means that they're out of date since they're no longer available, this also makes it hard for people to understand the article since they are not provided that background information. This leads me to my next and final point which is that the vast majority of the links are dead or no longer available for whatever reason.

Conclusion
The article is not a very bad article aside from some minute errors and a lack of up-to-date sources to verify or pursue an accurate portrayal of the information. The structure of the article comes with a lack of interest and a very slim amount of actual reliable information so there is definitely a lot of work that needs to be done for a proper article. A lot of this stems from the lack of information attainable online since Tan Suee Chieh is not a very prevalent figure inside of the United States so I am not necessarily pinning this against the creators of the article either. A couple edits I would suggest are omitting excess information about his association with NTUC and attempting to either salvage older articles from the way-back machine or finding more relevant articles.

title: User:Cusi628


text:
Davie Poplar

Davie Poplar is a large tulip poplar tree located in McCorkle Place on the campus of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Named in honor of Revolutionary War general and university founder William Richardson Davie, the tree is approximately 300 to 375 years old.

History and legends
As plans were being drawn up for the university in 1792, it was already a large tree, and legend has it that Davie personally chose to locate the school lands around the tree after having a pleasant summer lunch underneath it. The story is not true – the university's location was chosen by a six-man committee in November 1792 – and the tree was named by Cornelia Phillips Spencer in the late 1800s to commemorate the legend. The most enduring legend associated with the tree is that as long as Davie Poplar remains standing, the university will thrive; if it falls, the university will crumble. As such, many steps have been taken to preserve the tree. In 1918, after the tree was struck by lightning and fear that the tree was dying, UNC grafted a new tree, called Davie Poplar Jr. A second Davie Poplar Jr. was planted near Hinton James Hall. Later, another tree, called Davie Poplar III, was planted nearby with a seed from the original tree. A steel band was added to Davie Poplar in 1953 to attach cables to other trees, and the base has been filled with concrete and pruned to keep it upright.

As part of the university's bicentennial celebration in 1993, 100 seedlings from the tree were given to 100 children planted across North Carolina's 100 counties. Where the trees were planted is not known, except for the Burke County seedling, which is in front of Table Rock Middle School. In 1996, Davie Poplar was damaged by Hurricane Fran.

A fire was set and a small device was detonated at the base of Davie Poplar on November 2, 2017, producing a small fire ball and scorching the side of the tree. The explosion caused minor injuries to Dr. Daniel Reichart who tried to stomp out the fire.

Traditions
Although less well known than the Old Well tradition, students traditionally urinate on the base of the tree at the beginning of the semester. This practice is considered to fertilize the soil surrounding Davie Poplar, ensuring a successful semester.
 * List of individual tree

title: Davie Poplar


text:
Anna Lorck

Anna Louise Lorck is a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party. She served in the New Zealand House of Representatives as the MP for Tukituki from 2020 to 2023.

Early life and career
Lorck grew up in Waipukurau and trained as a journalist. Before entering parliament, she owned a public relations company.

Hawkes' Bay District Health Board
Before standing as a Labour Party candidate, Lorck, who had vocally opposed Labour sacking the Hawke's Bay District Health Board (DHB), volunteered to phone canvass to motivate voter turnout for two hours for the National Party. She was never a member of the party.

In 2019 Lorck was elected to the Hawke's Bay DHB, as the highest polling new candidate. She served as part of the governance of the region's response to COVID-19. Lorck advocates for a local cardiology centre, costed at $15 million, to enable life-saving surgery locally.

Labour parliamentary candidate, 2014–2020
At the election, Lorck, a Hastings business woman, stood as a candidate in the  electorate for the Labour Party, and did not stand on the Labour list. As a first time candidate she made significant progress into the margin against incumbent National Party MP Craig Foss, and announced she would stand again at the  election. She was ranked 46 on the Labour party list.

During a tightly fought contest, in July 2017 a complaint by a right-wing blogger, was made against Lorck to the Advertising Standards Authority over her billboard wording of "Your Local MP". Lorck responded by stating the intention of the message was to convey that she lived in the Tukituki electorate while National candidate Lawrence Yule lived in neighboring Napier. Lorck again made significant inroads into the majority but was not elected, nor ranked high enough on the Labour list to be elected to Parliament.

At the 2020 general election, Lorck was selected as the Labour candidate for Tukituki for the third time. She was given the Labour Party's endorsement to run a local MP campaign and consequently was not on the party list. This time she unseated Yule by a margin of 1590 votes, returning the electorate to Labour for the first time since 2002.

Member of Parliament
In August 2022, a former senior staffer within the New Zealand Parliament alleged that Lorck had bullied her, and that Lorck had been through three executive assistants in a year and a half. In September 2022, a second former staffer made allegations of bullying including "persistent scolding" against Lorck. In response to media coverage, Lorck confirmed that she was undergoing leadership training and claimed that she had never received complaints of bullying from the staffer during their employment period.

During the 2023 New Zealand general election, Lorck was unseated by National Party candidate Catherine Wedd, who won by a margin of 10,118 votes.

Personal life
Lorck is married to Hastings District Councillor Damon Harvey. They have a blended family of five children.

title: Anna Lorck


text:
Pushpaka Aviation

Pushpaka Aviation Pvt. Ltd. was an air charter company based in Mumbai, India. It operated fleet of helicopters from its base at Juhu Aerodrome in Mumbai. It is involved primarily in crop dusting, aerial seeding, and fleet maintenance in addition to its chartered passenger operations. As of July 2022, Pushpaka Aviation is non-operational.

History
The company was started in 1969 by Mr. H.P. Rao, with three Bell 47G-5 helicopters to undertake agricultural crop spraying in India, whilst taking advantage of the subsidies offered to the farming community by the Government. It was the first private company in India to start scheduled international passenger flights as an associate of the national carrier Air India from 1979 to 1983.

Pushpaka Airlines
Pushpaka Airlines, the airline division of Pushpak Aviation, began providing passenger and freight charter services from Mumbai to the Persian Gulf. It operated as an associate of the National carrier Air India using two Sud Aviation Caravelle-6N aircraft, purchased from Indian Airlines in 1978. Operations began initially as cargo services between Sharjah and Mumbai and were later expanded to carry passengers as well. The airline ceased functioning in June 1983.

title: Pushpaka Aviation


text:
Dougall Canal

The Dougall Canal is a canal in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. It was named in 2015 for Bruce Dougall, who undertook its construction during the 1960s. It is located in Orillia on Couchiching Point, a piece of land that separates Lake Couchiching from Lake Simcoe.

The development of Couchiching Point was originally going to be a denser subdivision according to plans filed in 1890. The land remained undeveloped until Dougall began development in the 1960s, but the plans changed during development to be lower density and added the canal. The new development was known as Crescent Cove, and the canal was unnamed. The canal route generally follows the path of what was originally set aside for Cumberland Avenue. By cutting the canal, 55 lots had lake access instead of the original 25.

The canal and small sections of land on either side of it were owned by the city, who had responsibility for keeping it operational. They failed to do so, and by the 2000s it was overgrown. The city agreed to give the land to the homeowners, many of whom had already build on the land. In exchange, the homeowners association took over maintenance of the canal.

The canal is 12 feet deep in the center, but reduces to 6 feet at either end where it connects to the Trent-Severn Canal system. It is about 0.5 mile long, running roughly north–south across the peninsula.

title: Dougall Canal


text:
Grande Raccordo Anulare

Autostrada A90 or Grande Raccordo Anulare (lit. 'Great Ring Junction') or GRA is a ring-shaped autostrada (Italian for "motorway") 68.2 km long that encircles Rome. GRA is one of the most important roads in Rome, and traffic reaches 160,000 vehicles per day as of 2011.

The GRA features 14 tunnels, with lengths varying from the 66 meters of Parco di Veio II tunnel to the 1150 m meters of the Appia Antica tunnel as well as eight rest areas. It has 42 junctions, with the Via Aurelia numbered 1 and the rest following clockwise.

The motorway has always been toll-free. However, there are plans to introduce a fee for vehicles entering the GRA from highways. Maintenance costs are around €11 million per year.

Its acronym was given after one of its main designers and supporters, Eugenio Gra, chairman of Anas, the Italian roads Authority, at the time of construction. The official number among the Italian motorways is Autostrada A90, but is widely known by Romans as Il Raccordo (lit. 'The Junction').

History
Plans for an orbital road around Rome were proposed by the end of World War II. One of the designers' main purposes was to build the road as most equally distant as possible from the geographic centre of town, the Campidoglio, 11.4 km away from the motorway.

Construction works started in 1948. The first section, Flaminia to Tiburtina (north-to-east section) opened in 1952, later extended in stages. The last section to be opened was the west-to-north section (Aurelia to Flaminia), in 1970.

Although the GRA was initially planned and built as a single-carriageway road, it was soon clear that traffic was rapidly growing well beyond the expectations. Construction works to motorway standards started in late 1950s with first dual-carriageway, four-lane section (Salaria to Tuscolana) opened 1962. Further works were carried over throughout the 1970s, and by 1979, the remainder sections were widened to four-lane and the entire ring classified as toll-free highway.

Widening works to 6-lane started in 1983 and were completed in stages throughout the 1990s and 2000s. As of April 2008 97% of the GRA was 6-lane with final sections (new tunnel under Via Cassia) opened 2011.

Timeline

 * 1948: Building works began.
 * 1951: The Appia-Aurelia section is opened.
 * 1952: The Flaminia-Tiburtina section is opened.
 * 1955: The Tiburtina-Appia section is opened.
 * 1960: The road was part of the marathon course of the 1960 Summer Olympics.
 * 1962: The lane number is doubled in Salaria-Tuscolana section
 * 1970: The Aurelia-Flaminia section is opened, the ring is completed.
 * 1979: GRA is now officially a highway.
 * 1983: Works to a 6-lane set begin.
 * 1997: 50% of the GRA track is on a 6-lane (2x3) set
 * 2000: 75% of the GRA track is on a 6-lane set
 * 2007: 97% of the GRA track is on a 6-lane set
 * 2011: End of works to the 6-lane set

Future expansion
It has been suggested that a second ring might be constructed in the future, firstly as an attempt to alleviate congestion on the old one and secondly to offer access to a number of new industrial, commercial and residential zones built around it. Such a project would imply a new external ring-shaped orbital motorway of about 120 km, denominated NIA (Nuova infrastruttura anulare, "New ring infrastructure"), which would cost over €5 billion.

In popular culture
The road was the subject of the 2013 documentary film Sacro GRA which won the Golden Lion at the 70th Venice International Film Festival.

Trivia
Although the name GRA officially stands for Grande Raccordo Anulare ("Great Ring Junction"), the name was actually coined in order to make its acronym be the name of the head of the project, engineer Eugenio Gra.

Other Italian roads

 * State highways (Italy)
 * Regional road (Italy)
 * Provincial road (Italy)
 * Municipal road (Italy)

title: Grande Raccordo Anulare


text:
Talk:Mountain Park, Anaheim, California

Name Change
As I recall, one of the major complaints over at Anaheim Hills is that some editors have tried to make the community look like a city when it, in fact, is not one. Since there seems to be a consensus there for the name format (community/city/state) then it would be inappropriate to name this page something that also suggests that Anaheim Hills is a city. Also, saying that the article is now to large to merge is an argument for why it shouldn't be merged (I sort of agree) but that should be noted at the appropriate discussion page, and isn't grounds to remove the tag. JCO312 06:26, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I disagree about the merge. The article is about a future housing development. Half of the material is duplicated in the Anaheim or Anaheim Hills articles. If I understand the article correctly, Mountain Park is just a swath of cleared land and a plan. If we pare it down to what can be reliably sourced then it'd make sense to merge it with the larger community. -Will Beback 08:50, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Looking over both pages I agree with you. Perhaps a formal vote would settle the matter. JCO312 21:13, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mountain Park, Anaheim, California


text:
John Chandler Moore

John Chandler Moore (about 1803 – September 28, 1874) was an American silversmith, active in New York City. While initially working for Marquand and Co., he worked exclusively for Tiffany & Co. after 1851. His son, Edward Chandler Moore, was in charge of designing and manufacturing silverware at Tiffany.

Moore worked from circa 1827 to 1831 as a silversmith in New York City, partnered from 1832 to 1836 with Garrett Eoff as Eoff & Moore, again worked solo from 1837 to 1847, then partnered with his son, Edward Chandler Moore, from circa 1848 to 1855 as J. C. Moore & Son. He sold pieces in the Rococo Revival style, then called the French style, through retailer Ball, Tompkins, and Black (Ball, Black & Co.) In 1851 Tiffany and Co. contracted with the firm to produce holloware exclusively for Tiffany's, in sterling silver (925 parts per 1,000 parts silver) rather than the then-typical American coin silver, and in 1868 the firm was acquired by Tiffany.

Moore was the second American silversmith (after Michael Gibney) to patent silver flatware designs, in 1847 receiving patent numbers 114 (Louis XIV) and 124 (pattern name unknown). One of his notable works was the Collins tea service, made of solid gold, that was displayed at the 1851 Great Exhibition and 1853 Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations.

title: John Chandler Moore


text:
Senator McCarter

Senator McCarter may refer to:

 * Kyle McCarter (born 1962), Illinois State Senate
 * Thomas N. McCarter (1867–1955), New Jersey State Senate

title: Senator McCarter


text:
Daghi, Nishapur

Daghi (, also Romanized as Dāghī) is a village in Darbqazi Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 57, in 14 families.

title: Daghi, Nishapur


text:
inherence

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) The state of being inherent or permanently present in something; indwelling.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:intrinsicality

title: inherence


text:
Kora language

Kora language may refer to:
 * the Korana language of South Africa
 * the Aka-Kora language of the Andaman Islands
 * The Koda language of eastern India, sometimes called Kora

title: Kora language


text:
Rhetoric

Aristotle defined rhetoric as the art of persuasion through all available means, and, generally speaking, the definition stuck. Rhetoric is firmly rooted in the idea that messages are delivered to specific audiences, and that successful communication requires that the speaker or writer appeal to the expectations, values, and conventions of those audiences. Rhetorical preferences have changed with the centuries, although the Modern Enlightenment's emphasis on objectivity generated a preference in speaking, writing, or even now in other communication media, to present your ideas in the clearest, most concise manner possible. Your clear, concise delivery should resonate with your audience in a way that leads them to not only believe what you are saying, but also to be persuaded to your causes.

Here is a basic primer on Rhetoric.

The Three Means of Persuasion
The systematical core of Aristotle's Rhetoric is the doctrine that there are three technical means of persuasion.
 * Ethos - an appeal based on the character of the speaker.
 * Pathos - an appeal based on emotion.
 * Logos - an appeal based on logic or reason.

Key Scholars

 * Classical (Greek)
 * Gorgias
 * Isocrates
 * Plato
 * Aristotle
 * Classical (Roman)
 * Cicero
 * Quintilian
 * Medieval
 * Augustine of Hippo
 * Desiderius Erasmus
 * Petrus Ramus
 * Modern
 * I.A. Richards
 * Wayne C. Booth
 * Contemporary
 * Stephen Toulmin
 * Kenneth Burke

Related Wikibooks

 * Visual Rhetoric

Helpful Links

 * A Handbook of Rhetorical devices: http://www.virtualsalt.com/rhetoric.htm

title: Rhetoric


text:
General Biology/Tissues and Systems/Sensory Systems

=Sensory systems= Categorized by
 * 1) nature of stimulus, such as mechanical, chemicalor light stimulus, and
 * 2) where stimulus received, such as outside (exteroceptors,such as the eye and skin temp receptors) or insidebody (interoceptors, such as blood body temperature receptors).

Transduction of sensory input into signal. Means to “carry across”, signal transduced, or carried, from environment into nervous signal.

Three sensory processes we cover
 * 1) taste and smell (chemoreception)
 * 2) gravity and movement
 * 3) light

Taste and smell (chemoreception)
Found in mammal nose and mouth, fly feet, fish bodies, moth antennae.

Papilla: bumps on tongue, contain taste buds down between. Sweet, sour, salty and bitter. Some act directly by ion channels, others act indirectly. Other “taste” sensations really smell.

Smell: received in nasopharynx. Airborne molecules go into solution on moist epithelial surface of nasal passage. Approximately 1000 genescode for sensory neuron receptors. “Fried onions” odor not one receptor but a mixture of many odors registered in our mind as one. Very sensitive, habituates rapidly (don’t notice a smell after a bit). Odor sensation has relatively unfiltered root to higher brain centers.

Snakes more chemosensory focused than us.

Response to gravity and movement
Registered in inner ear. Three semicircular canals loop in three planes at right angles to each other, responsible for transduction of movement messages. Method: hair cells deformed by gelatinous membrane. Vestibular apparatus, gives us perception of gravity and movement. Due to physical response, not chemical binding.

Cochlea: bony, coil shaped part of inner ear, where hearing occurs.

Sound enters through auditory canal, vibrates tympanic membrane,moving three bones of middle ear (malleus, incus, and stapes)against oval window opening in front of cochlea. Cochlea has three fluid filled ducts, one of these the organ of Corti. Sound waves in air go to vibration in organ of Corti; fluid tickles hair cells, which register the movement along basilar membrane in cochlea. Different sound frequencies move different portions of basilar membrane. Hearing loss due to loss of hair cells.Humans normally smell more than 300 odors in a day(Facts and Truth).

Transduction of sound accomplished through physical deformation,not chemical binding.

Vision
Light enters pupil, focused by lens onto retina.

Sclera: hardened part behind retina.

Optic nerves and neurons attached to retina. Blind spot where optic nerve attaches, has no receptors.

Two types of photoreceptors
 * 1) rods - black and white low-light vision, 100 million in each retina in humans.
 * 2) cones - color vision, work best under better illumination. 3 million in each retina.

Fovia: region of most acute vision, has most of the cones, few rods.

Transduction process of light to signal a molecular change, to light absorbing molecule called photopigment. Located in outer parts of rods and cones in pigment discs. The rod photopigment is called rhodopsin,cone has three photopigments, called photopsins. This molecular change initiates pathways to result in action potential in downstream neuron leading to vision center in brain.Parul Godika

Each of the three photopsins has a different peak of sensitivity: blue,green or red, and changes isometric form (from cisto trans) based on light from a particular wavelength range. Color blindness:inherited lack of one or more types of these cones. Gene carried on X chromosome, therefore more common in men than women.


text:
Guitar/Stringing the Guitar

Aside from the physical shape of the guitar body, strings are the most important thing for determining the sound of a guitar. New strings sound bright and full, while old strings tend to sound dull and dead. Many guitarists believe that strings should be changed regularly, not just when they break. This is because sweat and dirt corrode the strings, and over time this degrades their sound quality. Other guitarists believe that new strings sound much worse than old ones, feeling that a string's tonal quality only improves over time. Individual string quality may vary drastically from string to string.

When one breaks a string, all of the strings should be changed at once. This is especially true if the newer string is of a different brand or gauge. The string's manufacturing process, thickness and age all affect its tone, and one new string being played with a bunch of old strings can make your guitar sound strange. Players should be advised that guitars are usually set up for a particular gauge of string. The guitar will still function fine with a different gauge of strings, however for optimal sound, the guitar may need to be adjusted. See the chapter on adjusting the guitar for more details.

Because there are several different types of guitar, and each type is designed differently, each type has its own method of stringing. The type of strings you use mostly depends on what style of music you play and how long you've been playing. Thinner strings are generally preferred by beginners, but many experienced players prefer the feel of thin strings over thicker strings. Please see the guitar accessories section for details on different types of strings.

The first thing you always need to do when stringing a guitar is to take off the old strings. You should never just cut the strings of a tuned guitar in half, because the sudden release of tension on the neck can damage the guitar. Instead, always turn the tuning pegs to decrease tension, until the string is so loose that it doesn't produce a note when struck, then cut or unwind them. In most cases, the string is bent at the end where it was inserted, to insure that it would stay during tuning. Unbend the string, then pull it out of the peg hole. If the peg end of the string is too bent or curled from the winding, cut the string on a straight part of the string. This will make it easier to remove the string from the hole at the other end and reduce the risk of scratching the body or the bridge while trying to get it out. Slide the string out of the bridge at the bottom end of the guitar. Some people string one at a time to make sure the neck sustains tension, or they just take all of the strings off at the same time.

Stringing Acoustics
Standard guitars typically have a ball-head peg at the bridge section. This peg has a hollow shaft, with a groove that allows the string to come out from the peg.

Typically, the process is as follows:

Unwinding the string
 * 1) Pick one of the strings, usually either the first or sixth string, and begin loosening it. If you have a string winder, put the rectangular box over the tuning peg and unwind the string.

 * 1) Once the string is loose enough, pull the peg out of the bridge. If you have a string winder, it will have a notch that can fit underneath the head to pull it out.

Attaching the string
 * 1) The guitar string should have a ball (or cylinder) end. Put that into the bridge hole.
 * 2) Push the ball-head peg back in. as you do, pull on the string so that the peg can hold the string tightly on the bridge end.
 * 3) Find the hole on the winder, and place the string through it, leaving about 5cm out on the other side. For the thicker strings, it is recommended to bend it a bit.
 * 4) Use one hand to hold the string so that the section between this hand and the peg is tight. Wind one wound.
 * 5) Check the tightness again, and try to divert the string so that it wind UNDERNEATH the winder hole. Then wind it until you have the string encircle the machine head two to three times.
 * 6) Tune from here.

Twelve String Acoustic
It has the same principle to the sixth string. But every two strings were tuned with the same sound, one octave apart. *(RDT)

Classical Guitar
To unstring a classical guitar one method is:
 * 1) Loosen the string by turning the tuning peg
 * 2) Then at the bridge push the string back into the hole a little, this will loosen the "knot" enough to unknot and pull the string out of the hole.
 * 3) Then feed the string around the peg loop by loop until the last hoop which is inserted through the hole in the peg is available, push the string out of the loop, then pull the loop out of the hole.

To string a classical guitar one method is reverse of the unstringing
 * 1) Bend about an inch of string at one end to form an open loop, push that through the peg hole, wrap the other end of the string around the peg and through the loop, then pass it down the guitar body to the bridge and into the hole there.
 * 2) Loop back to the neck (about two or three inches) and twist back around the string, then you can put two or three twists in which should end up on top of the bridge, pull the string from the middle of the guitar to draw the twists taut.
 * 3) Then wind the peg to tighten the string. You should take it easy when tuning up for the first time to give the string time to "settle in", you may also find that the string may go out of tune easily for a day or two as it beds in.

Stringing Electrics
For the 6th string (the low E), take the string out of the package and insert the end through the bridge of the guitar. Pull it all the way through until the ball at the end of the string stops it from being pulled further. This is optional: Make a kink in the string to insure that it will not slip away from the turning of the peg, (usually about one or two inches from the peg). Wind the string around halfway and insert the end through the hole. Pull the string to add tension, so the string will stay around the peg during tuning. Turn the tuning peg to increase tension until the string is around the desired pitch, to make certain it will stay on properly. Check that the string is in the notch in the nut and the bridge, if it is not, decrease tension on the string until you can move it into the notch, tune it back up. Do this for the rest of your strings and you are done!

Another method:

String the low E and other strings as mentioned. Align the tuning peg's hole with the direction of the string and slip it through the peg in the direction of the headstock. Facing the guitar with the headstock to your right, pull the string taut with your left hand.

With your opposite thumb and forefinger, twist the string in an "s" at the twelfth fret so that it touches both sides of the twelfth fret. You will have to let some of the string out to do this. This method tells you the optimum length of the string to wind around the tuning peg.

Hold the string with your right hand below the tuning peg so that the pointy end is sticking out the other side. Slowly tighten the peg so that the string is winding on the INSIDE of the headstock -- inside right for E A D, and inside left for G B E. Allow the string to wind once underneath itself, and then wrap it over top of itself the rest of the way. Make sure you hold tight as you go so that there is little slippage later.

If possible, hold the string with your right thumb and middle finger while regulating the pressure on the string with your right index finger.

Tips

 * Note that taking off all strings at once is not recommended if you have:
 * 1) a floating tremolo system (e.g. Floyd Rose II), which can be difficult to get the tremolo angle back to the right level when restrung;
 * 2) a bridge which is not fixed (one that will just fall off when the strings are removed)

 * Try not to bend the string in the same place excessively otherwise the string will break at the bend

title: Guitar/Stringing the Guitar


text:
Nizhnekayancha

Nizhnekayancha (Нижнекаянча) is a rural locality (a selo) in Aysky Selsoviet, Altaysky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 414 as of 2013. There are 9 streets.

Geography
Nizhnekayancha is located on the Katun River, 61 km southeast of Altayskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ustyuba is the nearest rural locality.

title: Nizhnekayancha


text:
User:Caprice1996/sandbox

Hi, I am User:Caprice1996. My real name is Caleb. My hobbies include, reading and writing. I am 15 years old and I live in Australia. I am thinking of creating my own TV series, because I like watching The Simpsons, Everybody Loves Raymond and even The Benny Hill Show. I've already completed my first script and I am working on the next one.

title: User:Caprice1996/sandbox


text:
organohalogen

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  Describing an organic compound containing one or more halogen atoms.

Noun

 * 1)  An organic compound containing a halogen.

title: organohalogen


text:
User:Status/sandbox/JLO sources

Other Shit

 * Canoe.ca

Live

 * Kidzworld

Album Reviews

 * Entertainment Weekly
 * Rolling Stone
 * DVD Talk
 * Allmusic
 * LA Times
 * NME

Best J.Lo Songs

 * About.com
 * AOL Radio Blog
 * Yahoo Voices

J to tha LO! era

 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *

Singles
AUS:
 *
 *

title: User:Status/sandbox/JLO sources


text:
Talk:Davis Sanchez

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Davis Sanchez. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20091203114439/http://www.calgaryherald.com:80/sports/Veterans+rallied+team+half/2284755/story.html to http://www.calgaryherald.com/sports/Veterans+rallied+team+half/2284755/story.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20100211220855/http://www.montrealgazette.com:80/sports/Former+Alouette+Davis+Sanchez+signs+with+Lions/2542933/story.html to http://www.montrealgazette.com/sports/Former+Alouette+Davis+Sanchez+signs+with+Lions/2542933/story.html

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 06:20, 14 January 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Davis Sanchez


text:
William T. Alexander House

William T. Alexander House is a historic plantation house located near Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. It built between 1820 and 1830, and is a two-story, three-bay, brick dwelling with Federal and Georgian style design elements. It has a side-gable roof, sits on a granite foundation, and a center-bay porch added in the 1920s.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

title: William T. Alexander House


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Poesybeat (2nd nomination)

The result was delete. Tone 08:43, 24 August 2020 (UTC)

Poesybeat
AfDs for this article:
 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Non-notable WP:NEOLOGISM. Only "WP:SIGCOV" is in a self-published book. Refs are specious. First nom was in 2005, so I think this deserves fresh consideration. Related AfD ended in delete. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 13:37, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Literature-related deletion discussions. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 13:37, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Internet-related deletion discussions. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 13:37, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete: Barely found anything about it. ASTIG😎  (ICE T • ICE CUBE) 11:00, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete: not uninteresting, and could probably support a Wiktionary entry if anyone were minded to make one, but clearly non-notable. The only reliable source cited in the article devotes a single short paragraph to the subject. I haven't been able to find any other coverage in reliable sources. The keep !votes in 2005 AfD lack a basis in policy, even by the standards of the time. (The self-published book linked above probably wouldn't contribute to notability even if it weren't self-published, as its coverage of the subject seems to be directly copied from our article.) – Arms & Hearts (talk) 17:54, 22 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Talk:David Karnes

Did he really resign?
The Biographical Directory lists Karnes as resigning on November 8, 1988, but based on my research, it appears that the Directory is in error, and he served until January 3, 1989.

1. A Google news search turns up absolutely no contemporary indication that Karnes resigned in 1988

2. The Congressional Record of January 3, 1989 has no mention of a resignation by Karnes (typically, when a new Congress convenes, the Record always prints the resignation notices of Senators who resigned after the adjournment of the previous Congress - e.g. Cornyn's resignation letter in the January 7, 2003 Record)

3. If he did resign, Kerrey would almost certainly have been appointed in his place (like the Brady-Lautenberg situation in 1982, where Republican Governor Kean appointed Lautenberg for the final week of Brady's term), but every source out there list his term as beginning on January 3, 1989. Possibly, Republican Governor Kay Orr might have withheld a Kerrey appointment out of partisan bitterness, but again, a Google news search for the final two months of 1988 turns up nothing regarding Orr or Kerrey

4. The Nebraska Blue Book (online here), which notes even the ultra-obscure New Year's Eve '54 resignation of Hazel Abel, clearly lists Karnes as serving "1987-1989"

In sum, either the Directory is in error, or Karnes told absolutely no one about his resignation other than the Directory's editor. Unless anyone can produce more substantial evidence that he actually resigned, I'm changing the page to read "January 3, 1989."--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:15, 12 August 2010 (UTC)
 * This is correct. He did not resign and served until the expiration of his term. Go4thProsper (talk) 17:53, 1 October 2020 (UTC)
 * The Congressional Bioguide entries for both Karnes and Kerrey, and the Senate's all-time chronological membership list, state that the transition occurred on January 3, 1989. JTRH (talk) 18:29, 1 October 2020 (UTC)

Page format
This page reads like a resume, with many bits of information of dubious notability. I recommend a review of the article and cutting it down by eliminating some of the less noteworthy items, especially post-Senate. Go4thProsper (talk) 17:41, 1 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I added some citations and new information, but there appears to still be material that could be cut, especially the unsourced affiliations and activities. Interested editors are encouraged to review the updated article with this in mind. Go4thProsper (talk) 18:02, 28 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Karnes


text:
OCaml/Introduction

Basic Types
Every element OCaml has is associated with a specific type. The concept of types is a very powerful feature of OCaml, but for now we will just mention some predefined types: The formal names are what we call the types when we are talking with the OCaml system.
 * Strings (formal name:  example:  )
 * Integers (formal name:  example:  )
 * Floats (formal name:  example:  )
 * Booleans / Truth values (formal name:  example:  )

Hello World
Ok, let's see some action:

This will print the text "Hello World" on the screen.

Why do we write  and not just print? Well, actually there is no thing called just "print" in OCaml, but there is something called  (there are   and   too). The difference is most obvious when we print several things: If we do  followed by , the output will be: heyyou While if we do the same thing using  the output would be: hey you So when we use  every string is printed on the same line right next to each other, while with   every string gets its own line. could be read as "print this string and then end the line", so what this really means is that the next thing we print (regardless of how) will be on a new line, while the current string might or might not be on its own line depending on if there already is anything there.

Yeah, but how do I make that text actually print something on my screen?
So you're not satisfied with just reading what's happening? Want to see it for yourself? :-) You will have to install the OCaml development environment from here: official page, exactly what you install and how you use it depends on your computer and operating system. At the moment there are two components of interest to us - there's the compiler and the interactive environment. The compiler takes a text file and makes an executable of it that you can run just like any other program, and the interactive environment lets you communicate directly with the system. We will focus at the later as it is more suited for learning and experimenting.

Assignment

 * Install the OCaml development environment
 * Find out how to get the interactive system up and running

Got it running now? Inside the interactive system you will be presented with a prompt that looks like this: #. You communicate with the system by typing things after the prompt followed by  as well as enter. Hitting enter without the semicolons will let you continue on a new line without "sending" your message to the system. When the system receives the message it will parse and evaluate it and answer you with its version of the message. Let's try something, computers are quite mathematical beings so maybe it would like to talk about maths? Personally I like the number 5 so let's see what OCaml has to say about it:

A bit strange looking answer maybe? means that the type of our message was integer, and whats after the  means that the value of our message was. Not very useful, no? Lets try something else:

So, it can do something useful after all :-).

So is this some kind of interactive calculator or what?
It is a very powerful calculator mind you :-). And it is a lot more, but let's look at the calculator side of things a bit. Assume we want to now the answer of: "32 - (8 - 7 * 23) + 2 * (8 - 7 * 23)" (don't ask me why '^^). Notice how "8 - 7 * 23" appears two times? Feel lazy? I do, it is such a bother to type the same thing twice I'd do anything to avoid it. Fortunately I don't need to find my own typing-slave, because OCaml will come to my aid:

Nifty, isn't it? The important part is:  This will let us name an expression for use inside an other expression. We can also save something for later use:

This will let me use the name "my_favorite_number" to refer to 5 anytime.

title: OCaml/Introduction


text:
gimnastika

Etymology
Likely from.

Noun

 * 1) gymnastics

Noun

 * 1) gymnastics

Etymology
Likely from.

Noun

 * 1) gymnastics

title: gimnastika


text:
Oleg Saitov

Oleg Elekpayevich Saitov (Оле́г Элекпа́евич Саи́тов; (born 26 May 1974 in Novokuybyshevsk, Russian SFSR to a Volga Tatar father and ethnic Russian mother) is a Russian former Olympic boxer.

He won the Olympic gold medal at the 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics in the welterweight division, and a bronze medal at the 2004 Olympics. Saitov was the winner of the Val Barker Trophy for Outstanding Boxer at the 2000 Olympic Games. In 2004, he won the title at the 2004 European Amateur Boxing Championships in Pula, Croatia. Saitov also won gold in his weight category at the 1997 World Amateur Championships and 1998 European Championships.

Olympic results
1996 Olympic Results
 * Round of 32:Defeated Cahit Sume of Turkey - PTS (11–1)
 * Round of 16:Defeated Ho-Jo Bae of South Korea -PTS (9–5)
 * Quarterfinal:Defeated Kamel Chater of Tunisia - PTS (9–3)
 * Semifinal:Defeated Daniel Santos of Puerto Rico - PTS (13–11)
 * Final:Defeated Juan Hernandez Sierra of Cuba - PTS (14–9)

2000 Olympic Results
 * Round of 16:Defeated Francisco Calderon of Colombia - PTS (15–1)
 * Quarterfinal:Defeated Ruslan Khairov of Azerbaijan - PTS (10-10; 55–47)
 * Semifinal:Defeated Dorel Simion of Romania - PTS (19–10)
 * Final:Defeated Serhiy Dotsenko of Ukraine- PTS (24–16)

2004 Olympic Results
 * Round of 32:Defeated Ait Hammi Miloud of Morocco - PTS (30–15)
 * Round of 16:Defeated Mohamed Hikal of Egypt - PTS (18–17)
 * Quarterfinal:Defeated Sherzod Husanov of Uzbekistan - PTS (22–14)
 * Semifinal:Lost to Bakhtiyar Artayev of Kazakhstan - PTS (18–20)

title: Oleg Saitov


text:
Aileen Wilson

Aileen Wilson (born 30 March 1984) is a British female high jumper, who won an individual gold medal at the Youth World Championships.

title: Aileen Wilson


text:
Gymnopaedia

Etymology
From, a plural form whose singular is from.

Proper noun

 * 1) An annual celebration in ancient Sparta, during which naked young men displayed their athletic and martial skills through dancing.

title: Gymnopaedia


text:
Talk:Dejan Stefanović

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120218140326/http://www.canaries.co.uk/page/NewsDetails/0,,10355~1346821,00.html to http://www.canaries.premiumtv.co.uk/page/NewsDetails/0,,10355~1346821,00.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:20, 10 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dejan Stefanović


text:
Roni Jonah

Roni Jonah (born July 16, 1986) is a Canadian director, actress, and professional wrestler. She has worked for both Ohio Valley Wrestling and Women's Extreme Wrestling. She is known for starring in the 2015 horror anthology film Volumes of Blood.

Ohio Valley Wrestling (2006–2008)
Jonah originally pursued a career in professional wrestling because she "thought it looked fun". Her extensive theater and sports background made wrestling an obvious choice. After completing her English degree, she moved to Louisville to train. She made her debut at the March 18, 2006 Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) house show from Shepherdsville, Kentucky, teaming with Cherry to defeat Serena Deeb. A month later, at a house show in Austin, Indiana, Jonah lost to Beth Phoenix by disqualification when Shelly Martinez came out and attacked Phoenix. She made her OVW television debut in the spring of 2006, managing Mike Mizanin and playing the role of Mizanin's girlfriend. The May 10 TV tapings featured Jonah and Mizanin defeating the combo of Seth Skyfire and Shelly Martinez after Beth Phoenix interfered. The Miz's was then called up to WWE's main roster. Jonah continued in WEW for a while, where she still holds the tag team title to this day, with Cyndi Snow. Eventually, she went on to start a career in film. Occasionally, Jonah still wrestles for fun.

Women's Extreme Wrestling
On July 12, 2007 Jonah, along with Principle Lazarus, aka Cyndi "Bobcat", captured the Women's Extreme Wrestling (WEW) Tag Team Title by defeating Amy Zidian and Annie Social. They successfully defended the straps at WEW's "Tit For Tat" show against the makeshift duo of Becky Bayless and Lucy Furr. On July 21, 2008 the duo yet again successfully defended their WEW tag team title, against the team of Amy Lee and Annie Social at the "Locker Room Lust" show.

Personal life
Jonah designed all of Kelly Kelly's Extreme Exposé gear, Shelly Martinez's gimmick attire while she was in World Wrestling Entertainment, and all of her own attire used in OVW. At one point, she had an online clothing store.

Jonah has an English degree with a minor in theater.

Film career
Jonah started a new course in entertainment with film making. Roni landed in the top 3 actresses for a nationwide contest held by massify.com and After Dark Films in search of talent for the film Perkins 14.

Roni teamed with fellow massify contestant and Kentucky actor Jason Crowe to co-write, star and direct the feature film The Legacy where Jonah also did all the SPFX work. Soon after Jonah and Crowe began work on another film entitled Hell House. In it, Jonah re-claimed her role as Suicide Betty from The Legacy. Jonah co-wrote, starred and created all SPFX for Hell House.

Jonah has also written and directed two short film entitled Trepan and Malfunction. Roni has been involved in several additional projects in various capacities, including Little Sex Shop of Horrors, Girl/Girl Scene, Swordbearer, Truth or Dare V: Deadly Dares, and Old Days. Jonah's SPFX work can also be seen in the new film Red River.

Roni is in post production on her first feature film The Zombie Movie, due out by Christmas 2014

Since 2010, Jonah has been a series regular in Tucky Williams' web series Girl/Girl Scene.

Jonah will appear in the horror film Victim alongside Jordan Danyluk.

Recently, Roni co-wrote and co-starred in the movie, Selling Stupid, alongside Director and co-writer, Tonia Carrier.

Jonah is currently appearing as Jenna in the fantasy series Dagger Kiss, created by Tucky Williams, her co-star in Girl/Girl Scene.

In 2015, Jonah starred in the 2015 horror anthology film, Volumes of Blood. The film has received critical acclaim, and Jonah's performance earned her an award at the 2015 Mayday Film Festival for "Best Actress in a Feature."

Jonah is set to co-star in the independent horror feature film, The Bloody Man, alongside A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master stars, Lisa Wilcox and Tuesday Knight. The cast launched a successful Kickstarter campaign, and the film is slated for release in 2019.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Women's Extreme Wrestling
 * WEW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Principal Lazarus

title: Roni Jonah


text:
Starr (given name)

Starr is a given name which may refer to:

People

 * Starr Andreeff, Canadian actress
 * Starr Andrews (born 2001), American figure skater
 * Starr Faithfull (1906-1931), American socialite
 * Starr Roxanne Hiltz, American retired computer scientist
 * Starr Kempf (1917–1995), American sculptor
 * Starr Long (born 1970), American game developer
 * Starr Parodi (fl. 1988–present), American composer
 * Starr Walton (born 1942), American alpine skier

Fictional characters

 * Starr the Slayer, a Marvel Comics hero
 * Starr Carter, protagonist of The Hate U Give
 * Starr Manning, on the soap opera One Life to Live

title: Starr (given name)


text:
User:R00ik0p

''Electronical Engineering student,

University of Pretoria, South Africa

Special interests:

''Signal processing, Digital systems, Mathematics (no these are not hobbies)

''On the other hand,

you have different fingers.

--Rooikop 21:08, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

title: User:R00ik0p


text:
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Gringoladomenega/Archive

05 February 2015

 * Suspected sockpuppets

 * User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
 * Editor interaction utility

At Alan Kardec, <IP_ADDRESS> reverted me after BenjaWF. Today, BenjaWF reverted me twice (1, 2), then <IP_ADDRESS> reverted me. SLBedit (talk) 15:57, 5 February 2015 (UTC)

Update: BenjaWF is. See this edit and this report. Also, IPs are from Santa Catarina, Brazil. SLBedit (talk) 16:25, 5 February 2015 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * This is all Gringoladomenega evading his block. I've indef blocked User:BenjaWF per WP:DUCK, and blocked the two IPs one month. I doubt that a rangeblock is feasible but in the future we may have the choice between blocking new football-interested IPs from Santa Catarina (who appear to be socks) and semiprotecting the articles they'll be most interested in. User:Slakr has previously applied two weeks of semiprotection to Template:Spain squad 2010 FIFA World Cup. EdJohnston (talk) 16:57, 5 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Actually, I think you forgot to block the account. :) I've taken care of it. With the account and IPs blocked right now, I don't think a checkuser is needed right now unless more accounts have been suspected. Mike V • Talk 05:53, 7 February 2015 (UTC)

28 April 2015

 * Suspected sockpuppets

 * User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
 * Editor interaction utility

Same user from Santa Catarina, Brazil... Same behaviour. SLBedit (talk) 23:29, 28 April 2015 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * IP is blocked. Closing the case.  Vanjagenije  (talk)  17:40, 29 April 2015 (UTC)

01 May 2015

 * Suspected sockpuppets

 * User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
 * Editor interaction utility

See Alan Kardec history page. SLBedit (talk) 20:19, 1 May 2015 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * IP was blocked on 2 May 2015. Closing.  —  Rich wales (no relation to Jimbo) 05:19, 10 May 2015 (UTC)

03 May 2015

 * Suspected sockpuppets

 * User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
 * Editor interaction utility

SLBedit (talk) 19:16, 3 May 2015 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * No evidence at all. Closing without taking any action.  —  Rich wales (no relation to Jimbo) 05:17, 10 May 2015 (UTC)

02 July 2015

 * Suspected sockpuppets

 * User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
 * Editor interaction utility

Same edit pattern and behaviour. User edits mostly Spanish and Brazilian football-related articles.

<IP_ADDRESS> is from Santa Catarina, Brazil. IP stopped editing on 22 May, the next day PhilStar01 was created.

<IP_ADDRESS> readded the same content as <IP_ADDRESS> (see this example).

<IP_ADDRESS> is Gringoladomenega, therefore, <IP_ADDRESS> is Gringoladomenega.

PhilStar01 is <IP_ADDRESS>, therefore, it is Gringoladomenega.

Same addition of content: 1, 2 by <IP_ADDRESS> (edits reverted), then readded by PhilStar01.

Same addition of content: <IP_ADDRESS>, then by PhilStar01.

Same addition of content: <IP_ADDRESS>, then 1, 2 by PhilStar01. SLBedit (talk) 18:34, 2 July 2015 (UTC)

 * If you take a look at Sockpuppet investigations/Gringoladomenega/Archive you see the connection.
 * For example, Gringoladomenega edited the article Lucas Possignolo as <IP_ADDRESS>, <IP_ADDRESS>, and <IP_ADDRESS>. The latter (<IP_ADDRESS>) was PhilStar01. So it's obvious that PhilStar01 is Gringoladomenega. SLBedit (talk) 14:39, 7 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Because one of those IPs was Gringoladomenega. SLBedit (talk) 16:27, 8 July 2015 (UTC)
 * PhilStar01 has just reverted my reverts of <IP_ADDRESS> edits. It's definitely Gringoladomenega. (1, 2, 3, 4) SLBedit (talk) 13:19, 11 July 2015 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * I've declined the CU request as there are no non-stale named accounts to compare PhilStar01 against.--Bbb23 (talk) 21:15, 2 July 2015 (UTC)
 * ,, I agree with you that this 177 IP and PhilStar01 are operated by the same person, But I don't understand the connection to Gringoladomenega. Please, use WP:Diffs to show how those are connected.  Vanjagenije  (talk)  14:17, 7 July 2015 (UTC)
 * So, those three IPs are obviously operated by the same person. But, how do we know it's Gringoladomenega?  Vanjagenije  (talk)  19:31, 7 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Which one? how do we know that? Please, explain.  Vanjagenije  (talk)  16:59, 8 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Still receiving no explanation. can you come in here? Seams that you two are familiar with this case, as you blocked the master and his previous sock.  Vanjagenije   (talk)  21:15, 15 July 2015 (UTC)
 * IPs from Santa Catarina that edit only about Spanish or Brazilian footballers, engage in edit warring and never talk are probably Gringoladomenega. I'm assuming as a given that the submitter's evidence shows a connection between PhilStar01 and Santa Catarina IPs. EdJohnston (talk) 03:16, 19 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Since I reported to you SLBedit I'm not who he claims to be. I'm not a thug, just edited articles that had already been the subject of discussion. Vi misinformation and packed. This is wrong? PhilStar01 (talk) 19 July 2015 (UTC)

 * Admin action needed - In that case, PhilStar01 should be blocked as a sock of Gringoladomenega.  Vanjagenije  (talk)  10:48, 19 July 2015 (UTC)
 * I asked PhilStar01 to reply to the charge that he was Gringoladomenega. He did respond above, but in a way that doesn't make sense ('I'm not a thug'). In the absence of a good answer, I'm proceeding with the indef block of PhilStar01. I guess people who don't speak English well sometimes avoid talk pages, though if so they should also avoid editing articles. EdJohnston (talk) 20:56, 19 July 2015 (UTC)

 * Tagged as suspect. Closing the case.  Vanjagenije  (talk)  23:26, 19 July 2015 (UTC)

14 August 2015

 * Suspected sockpuppets

 * User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
 * Editor interaction utility

Same edit pattern (editing mostly in Spanish football articles) and behaviour (not talking much, engaging in edit wars, etc.).

An edit at Nano made by José Bormann, and an edit at Thomas Partey made by Gringoladomenega are exactly the same in context. MYS  77  ✉ 04:51, 14 August 2015 (UTC)

Comments by other users
 * Same type of edit from PhilStar01 here, only with a different team. MYS  77  ✉ 03:36, 15 August 2015 (UTC)

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * - José Bormann should be compared to, the only non-stale sock.  Vanjagenije   (talk)  09:14, 14 August 2015 (UTC)
 * and are ✅. I've blocked and tagged the new puppet as confirmed and adjusted the tag on PhilStar01 to confirmed. Closing.--Bbb23 (talk) 00:54, 16 August 2015 (UTC)


text:
INAS Global Games

The INAS Global Games is a quadrennial global, international multi-sport event organised by the International Sports Federation for Persons with Intellectual Disability (INAS). First organised in 2004, it is intended for elite competition in disability sports for athletes with intellectual disability and, since 2017, autism and down syndrome. It is the largest sporting event of its type. Athletes must have received classification from INAS to compete.

History
A precursor event was the World Games for Athletes with an Intellectual Disability held in 1989. The competition was discontinued following the integration of athletes with intellectual disabilities into the Paralympics programme in 1996, though renewed exclusion following disability fabrication at the 2000 Summer Paralympics led to the relaunch as the INAS Global Games. The first three INAS Global Games were hosted in Europe. The fourth edition in 2015 expanded to South America, though INAS were forced to take over organisational duties due to the collapse of the local organising committee. Australia won the hosting rights for the 2019 event, having led the medal rankings of the previous three. Initially the competition was seen as a specialist event by other sports governing bodies, but the INAS athletics, swimming and table tennis competitions are now recognised and sanctioned by the main global bodies for those disability sports.

The games is separate from the INAS World Championships, which are a series of sport-specific championships.

Spors
• (2004 to present)

• (2004 to present)

• (demonstration sport in 2019)

• (2009 to present)

• (2004 to present)

• (2009)

• (2009 to present)

• (2004 to present)

• (2004 to present)

• (demonstration sport in 2015)

• (2004 to present)

Other INAS sporting championships

 * INAS World Athletics Championships
 * INAS World Swimming Championships

title: INAS Global Games