text:
Frank Bowden (tennis)

Frank Joseph Bowden (June 22, 1908 – February 28, 1977) was an American tennis player who was a quarter finalist in the singles at the 1931 U.S. National Championships. He was active from 1928 to 1953.

Career
Bowden played his first tournament in 1928 at the British Columbia Championships. In 1930 he won his first singles title at the Yonkers City Championships. Bowden made his debut in the U. S. championships in 1930 and lost in round two. At the 1931 U.S. Championships, Bowden caused the "biggest upset of the year" by beating Wimbledon champion Sidney Wood in the third round. According to Bill Tilden "Sidney allowed himself to be drawn in. He had to come in because Bowden was shortening up. And once Sidney came up, he left himself wide open for that shot down the sideline or a smart rap across court". Wood admitted afterwards "I was afraid to go to the net". Bowden lost in the quarterfinals to Fred Perry. Bowden continued to play in the U. S. championships until 1947, reaching the last 16 in 1935 and 1940. Bowden was three times a finalist in the national indoor championships (losing the 1937 final to Frank Parker, the 1938 final to Don McNeill and the 1939 final to Wayne Sabin). Bowden won his final singles title in 1940 at the Englewood Invitation tournament held at the Field Club, Englewood, New Jersey. He played his final tournament at the U.S. International Indoor Championships in 1953.

After serving as a 2nd lieutenant in the US Army in WW2, in Papua New Guinea, and Philippines, he worked as a statistician for the New York Telephone Company.

Style of play
Allison Danzig of The New York Times described Bowden's playing style "His service was a veritable lightning bolt and if the ball came back, he was up to the net to smother the return with his volleys and kills. His hard forehand and sweeping backhand kept the ball deep to crowd his opponent in the corners and pave the way for successful forages at close quarters".

title: Frank Bowden (tennis)


text:
Zex (band)

Zex is punk and metal band from Canada, founded in 2013. Its members are Gab Hole (Bass), Mark Useless (Drums) Gretchen Steel (Vocals) and Jo Capitalicide (Guitar). They gained international notoriety in September 2017 when a German record pressing plant accidentally pressed ZEX's music on to Beyoncé's Limited edition yellow Lemonade Euro Pressing.

Zex has toured Canada and the United States to support their albums Fight For Yourself and Uphill Battle, as well as several well reviewed singles.

Fight For Yourself (2014)

 * 1. Fight for Yourself 2:54
 * 2. Wild Blood 3:14
 * 3. We're Rebels 2:18
 * 4. Screaming At the Wall 2:31
 * 5. XXX 2:39
 * 6. Wanderlust 2:49
 * 7. World of Trash 3:15
 * 8. Break Free 2:47
 * 9. On Our Own 3:13
 * 10. Savage City 3:31

Uphill Battle (2017)

 * 1. No Sanctuary 03:19
 * 2. Cold War 03:13
 * 3. Child Soldier 03:16
 * 4. Let Them In 02:39
 * 5. Burn The Flag 03:51
 * 6. Iron Will 02:43
 * 7. Murdered 03:11
 * 8. Steel Gates 04:18
 * 9. Give It All 03:30
 * 10. Bad Decisions 03:08

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Zex (band)


text:
Lozikeyi

Lozikeyi Dlodlo (c. 1855-1919) was a queen regent of the Ndebele people in Southern Africa.

Background
Lozikeyi was one of the favourite wives of Lobengula, and a senior queen, until 1893. She had no sons, only daughters, yet even so was influential in the attempt to have the son of a co-wife serve as her husband's successor. She was known for her outspokenness and for her defiance of the white settlers in what would later become Rhodesia. When her husband disappeared, she served for a time as de facto regent of the kingdom. Her place of retirement in the Bembezi River was an island which came to be known as the "Queen's Location". Lozikeyi died at Nkosikazi in Bubi District of influenza; her grave in the vicinity may still be visited, although its condition has been described as "neglected". Nearby is a school for which she lobbied and which she opened; it still serves students, although it has not been modernized. She was the subject of a biography, Lozikeyi Dlodlo Queen of the Ndebele: "A Very Dangerous and Intriguing Woman" by Marieke Faber Clarke and Pathisa Nyathi, published in 2013. Four photographs of her are in the collection of the Bodleian Library in Oxford, which featured her in an exhibit during the construction of a new wing.

Queen of the Ndebele
Queen Lozikeyi took over leadership of the Ndebele nation due to the constitutional precedent among the Nguni people. Queen Lozikeyi was not the first woman to lead in this capacity. But rather was a part of a collection of strong influential royal woman in Nguni society. Queen Labotsibeni Mdluli was queen mother of Swaziland from 1889 to her death in 1925.

Anglo-Matabele war of 1896
Lozikeyi Dlodlo played an important role in the Anglo-Matabele war of 1896. She was in charge of the King's army. Together with her twin brother, Muntuwani, she ensured that the army had enough ammunition ahead of the 1896 war by using the weaponry her husband did not use in the first Anglo-Matabele war of 1893.

title: Lozikeyi


text:
Talk:Nanne Grönvall

Biography assessment rating comment
WikiProject Biography Summer 2007 Assessment Drive

The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- Yamara 17:52, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

Discussion
Gay Icon? Why?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 16:02, 21 March 2006

Edits
I've made a few edits to this page (infobox, discography, etc) but it still mainly focuses on the eurovision side of Nanne's career. Any other info would be welcome. Joseph Aivalikli 11:44, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Nanne.JPG
The image Image:Nanne.JPG is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --01:17, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Nanne Grönvall. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060204134921/http://www.shell.linux.se:80/linda/nanne/nanne.htm to http://www.shell.linux.se/linda/nanne/nanne.htm

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 10:18, 15 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nanne Grönvall


text:
Talk:Carl H. Berendt

This article is a duplicate of the entry for Karl Hermann Berendt. -Kberendt2 (talk) 19:39, 1 April 2016 (UTC)

Duplicate page
This is the same person as Karl Hermann Berendt https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Hermann_Berendt Kberendt2 (talk) 03:05, 10 October 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Carl H. Berendt


text:
Zarechnoye, Altai Krai

Zarechnoye (Заречное) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tyagunsky Selsoviet, Kytmanovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 224 as of 2013. There are 9 streets.

Geography
Zarechnoye is located on the Chumysh River, 20 km north of Kytmanovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Dmitro-Titovo is the nearest rural locality.

title: Zarechnoye, Altai Krai


text:
Bilara railway station

Bilara railway station is a railway station in Jodhpur district, Rajasthan, India. Its code is BARA. It serves Bilara city. The station consists of 2 platforms. Passenger trains start from here.

Trains
The following trains start from Bilara railway station:

 * Bilara–Jodhpur Passenger

title: Bilara railway station


text:
Talk:Gregory Kramer

Disclosure regarding my affiliation with the subject of this entry: I am a practitioner of Insight Dialogue, the meditation practice developed by Gregory Kramer. I also participated in an online course taught by Kramer. I was surprised that there is no Wikipedia page about Kramer, since he is an influential teacher in certain Western Buddhist circles. In creating this article, I communicated with Kramer in order to obtain and check facts and sources for reference. Newspaper references from the 1970s are cuttings from his archives. For creating this article, I did not receive any compensation, financial or otherwise. SjoerdvdL (talk) 16:59, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

Re: edit 15:34, 6 May 2024
Requested by Gregory Kramer, I added various facts about his life and work and improved citations and references. Forgot to describe the nature of my edits before saving, hence the mention here. SjoerdvdL (talk) 15:53, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gregory Kramer


text:
The Royal Diaries

The Royal Diaries is a series of 20 books published by Scholastic Press from 1999 to 2005. In each of the books, a fictional diary of a real female figure of royalty as a child throughout world history was written by the author. The Royal Diaries was a spin-off of Scholastic's popular Dear America series. While Dear America, My Name Is America, and My America were all cancelled in 2004, The Royal Diaries continued until 2005.

Unlike Dear America, which consisted of diaries of young girls living during pivotal periods in American history, The Royal Diaries is a series that features women of royalty from all over the world. The series is fictional, though it involves real historical figures. Facts and images concerning the historical figure featured in the book are given at the end of each of the books.

Subjects in The Royal Diaries
The Royal Diaries has covered many famous women in royalty, including Jahanara, Marie Antoinette, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen Elizabeth I, Mary, Queen of Scots, Isabella I of Castile, Cleopatra VII, the Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna, Catherine the Great, Empress Elisabeth, and Queen Victoria. The series has also covered less known women, such as Queen Seondeok of Silla, Anacaona of the Taínos, Weetamoo of the Pocassets, the Lady of Ch'iao Kuo of the Hsien, the Lady of Palenque of the Mayans, and Nzingha of Ndongo. It also covers the life and customs of these women. The target age for these books is nine to twelve.

Books in the series

 * Elizabeth I: Red Rose of the House of Tudor, England, 1544 by Kathryn Lasky (1999)
 * Cleopatra VII: Daughter of the Nile, Egypt, 57 B.C. by Kristiana Gregory (1999)
 * Isabel: Jewel of Castilla, Spain, 1466 by Carolyn Meyer (2000)
 * Marie Antoinette: Princess of Versailles, Austria-France 1769 by Kathryn Lasky (2000)
 * Anastasia: The Last Grand Duchess, Russia, 1914 by Carolyn Meyer (2000)
 * Nzingha: Warrior Queen of Matamba, Angola, Africa, 1595 by Patricia McKissack (2000)
 * Kaiulani: The People's Princess, Hawaii, 1889 by Ellen Emerson White (2001)
 * Lady of Ch'iao Kuo: Warrior of the South, Southern China, 531 A.D. by Laurence Yep (2001)
 * Victoria: May Blossom of Britannia, England, 1829 by Anna Kirwan (2001)
 * Mary, Queen of Scots: Queen Without a Country, France, 1553 by Kathryn Lasky (2002)
 * Sŏndŏk: Princess of the Moon and Stars, Korea, 595 A.D. by Sheri Holman (2002)
 * Jahanara: Princess of Princesses, India, 1627 by Kathryn Lasky (2002)
 * Eleanor: Crown Jewel of Aquitaine, France, 1136 by Kristiana Gregory (2002)
 * Elisabeth: The Princess Bride, Austria-Hungary, 1853 by Barry Denenberg (2003)
 * Kristina: The Girl King, Sweden, 1638 by Carolyn Meyer (2003)
 * Weetamoo: Heart of the Pocassets, Massachusetts-Rhode Island, 1653 by Patricia Clark Smith (2003)
 * Lady of Palenque: Flower of Bacal, Mesoamerica, A.D. 749 by Anna Kirwan (2004)
 * Kazunomiya: Prisoner of Heaven, Japan, 1858 by Kathryn Lasky (2004)
 * Anacaona: Golden Flower, Haiti, 1490 by Edwidge Danticat (2005)
 * Catherine: The Great Journey, Russia, 1743 by Kristiana Gregory (2005)

TV films
In 2000, HBO created three TV films based on three of the Royal Diaries books: Elizabeth I: Red Rose of the House of Tudor (England, 1544), Isabel: Jewel of Castilla (Spain, 1466), and Cleopatra: Daughter of the Nile (Egypt, 57 BC). The title characters were portrayed by Tamara Hope, Lisa Jakub and Elisa Moolecherry, respectively.

Reruns of these adaptations also aired on Qubo.

TV series
In November 2021, it was reported that Legendary Television and Scholastic Entertainment were developing a television series adaptation.

title: The Royal Diaries


text:
Greek Language/Consonants

As with the vowels, many Greek consonants are pronounced the same as in Romance languages, especially Italian and Spanish. The main differences between Greek pronunciations and English pronunciations of consonants is that the Greek pronunciations sound lighter, involving palatalization.

Some sounds that are common in other languages simply do not exist in Greek. These sounds are the postalveolar fricatives and affricates: [ʃ] as in "fish," [ʒ] as in "mirage", [tʃ] as in "cheat" and [dʒ] as in "jade". Other common sounds, such as [b], [d] and [ɡ], do exist in Greek, but do not have single letters to represent them. Instead, two letters are used. The sound [b] is represented by μπ (e. g. ball – μπάλα), [d] is written as ντ (e. g. doughnut – ντόνατ) and [ɡ] as γκ (e. g. golf – γκολφ).

There is another sound that exists in English and Greek that does not have its own letter in either language: [ŋ] (ingma), which is the sound ending the word "ring". This sound is much rarer in Greek than in English, but when it shows up, it appears as the combination γχ. Examples: άγχος (anxiety), έλεγχος (checking).

Categories
Greek consonants are divided into 3 categories according to specific criteria:

 * According to their sound
 * unvoiced (Greek: άηχα): κ, π, τ, χ, φ, θ, σ, τσ*
 * voiced (Greek: ηχηρά): γ, β, δ, ζ, λ, μ, ν, ρ, τζ*, μπ*, ντ*, γκ*

 * According to their duration
 * instantaneous (Greek: στιγμιαία): κ, π, τ, τσ*, τζ*, μπ*, ντ*, γκ*
 * continuous (Greek: εξακολουθητικά): γ, β, δ, ζ, λ, μ, ν, ρ, χ, φ, θ, σ

 * According to the part of mouth where they are formed
 * labial (Greek: χειλικά): π, β, φ, μπ*, μ
 * dental (Greek: οδοντικά): τ, δ, θ, ντ*
 * alveolar: σ, ζ, τσ*, τζ*, λ, ρ, ν
 * velar: κ, γ, χ, γκ*

* Two-letter consonants

title: Greek Language/Consonants


text:
Talk:Voter-verified paper audit trail

Reversion
I have reverted to my more detailed entry. Discussions regarding voting equipment that ignore the election process and the duties of the election official are not useful to anyone. Please expand the technical portions as necessary but please do so within the context of election processes and laws, thank you.

 * Who wrote this? It seems incredibly naive to think that the 'election process' is sufficient to prevent against vote rigging and fraud.  Poll workers and election officials have been at times been found to be clueless and not entirely impartial, sometimes even disregarding electoral statutes altogether.  Many countries, the US most certainly included, have a history of electoral fraud perpetrated with preventive regulations in place.  In the case of electronic voting, when there is no paper trail, and in which voting machine companies have a vested interest in errors not being discovered, the stakes are even higher.

 * Election fraud has happened and will happen again even under near-ideal circumstances. Right now we're not even close. LeoTrottier 00:19, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

You're right. The process and the people are not suffieicnet to prevent fraud. My comments strive only to add the people and the process to the discussion. Just like the process alone cannot prevent fraud, neither can technology alone prevent fraud.

VVPAT vs. VVAT
I'm not so sure I agree with the collapsing of the VVPAT page and the VVAT page. The latter is a super-set of the former and many of us (for example, in the ACCURATE group) see VVPAT as one possible solution that is particularly appropriate for the short-term. -- Joebeone (Talk) 16:55, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

extensive changes
I just reverted extensive changes to this page that should be discussed here and cited thoroughly. -- Joebeone (Talk) 19:40, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

I have reverted to my more detailed entry. Discussions regarding voting equipment that ignore the election process and the duties of the election official are not useful to anyone. Please expand the technical portions as necessary but please do so within the context of election processes and laws, thank you.

review
I'm going to review this page and make some changes (that I'll cite sources for). Let me know if you'd like to help. -- Joebeone (Talk) 18:10, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

This article sounds much like an excuse for why VVPAT aren't being used. The second paragraph of the overview immediately casts into doubt the necessity and feasibility of VVPAT in a way that completely disregards expert opinion that VVPAT are necessary for assuring the soundness of electronic elections. It seems to have been implicitly assumed that electronic voting is the way things have always gone, and that there could/should never be a return to (recountable) paper ballots. Nothing, of course, could be further from the truth. VVPAT is what legitimizes and makes accountable an optional electronic voting system that is meant as an improvement. LeoTrottier 00:49, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Article title
Is it Verified or Verifiable? I really think verifiable is more accurate and in general makes more sense. Anyone agree? --Electiontechnology 00:39, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

My impression is that 'verifiable' does not necessitate that the voter actually do any verifying. Verified means that they do. 'Verified' is more secure, in my view. LeoTrottier 22:59, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

It is verifiable in Indian context Abhiram1129 (talk) 12:07, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

"The Ballot" Section
Why is this here? There is arleady a ballot article, and it doesn't seem to have anything to do with the VVPAT. --Electiontechnology 00:39, 11 September 2006 (UTC) I moved this to ballot, it seems to make more sense there. -- Electiontechnology 02:05, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

Overview caveats
It seems that putting caveats in the overview regarding why or how VVPATs are difficult implement is like explaining how backup parachutes are good, but an expensive and complicated addition to existing parachute technology. The point is that, in a voting system that is optional to begin with, it doesn't matter how costly and difficult it is to make it sound and secure. The system is worse than useless unless we can be sure it's working as intended.

For this reason I think caveats should be moved elsewhere in the article, and not put in the overview. If you think different, please discuss the proposed changes here. LeoTrottier 17:53, 26 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Leo, are you taking issue with the entire Implementation Challenges of VVPAT section? If so, the point of the section isn't that backup parachutes are a bad idea. To continue with your analogy, let's say you (a county) were told were told you were legally required to jump out of a plane (hold an election). Of course you would want to find a parachute (voting system) and backup parachute (independent audit system). Now you're told you have to have a specific kind of backup chute (paper), but those chutes are very expensive and you have to buy the only chute you can find the qualifies, and that chute isn't very good. Would you have liked to have known before they passed a law requiring you to have that type of chute that you would be stuck with the cheap crappy chute?

 * More importantly, you just learned that the Parachute Assistance Commission (EAC) was finally appropriated the tens of millons of Help America Parachute Act dollars it guaranteed in 2003 and it releases a new and improved technology for parachutes at a fraction of the cost. But oh wait! You can't use them.

 * Obviously that analogy is a bit drawn out, and I'm not telling you that VVPATs are bad or that they shouldn't be there. I just think that the problems associated with the VVPATs both as an integrated function and as an after-the-fact feature are part of the picture and relevant to the discussion. Even if they are the best technology we got they're still no holy grail.

 * If you just were talking about the one sentence I changed, I think It can be significantly more difficult to implement a VVPAT as an after-the-fact feature is pretty direct. I just thought most was a little inappropriate, becuase the quantity shouldn't be the measure it should be the frequency.
 * Electiontechnology 22:05, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Intro
Taintain:
 * 1) Please stop deleting the explanation of the fundamental aspect of the VVPAT. (Verifying voter intent)
 * 2) You just cannot say that a corrupt machine cannot alter paper. If you are going to stipulate that the machine is corrupt, you have to understand that the VVPAT could be equally corrupted. Many VVPATs list each individual action by the voter (i.e. Candidate A selected, Candidate A deselected, Candidate B selected) Once the VVPAT is out of the voter view, if the machine is corrupt, how can you say it could not make changes to the paper? That is just a garauntee you cannot make. It absolutely is a "barrier," but you cannot say " At this point the only risks of election fraud remaining are the same as with a classical poll using paper and ballot boxes like destroyed ballots" because it is just not correct. At minimum the machine could intentionally make certain votes illegible. You simply cannot say that the machine tampering with paper is impossible.

P.S. If you have comments for me, please leave them here or on my talk page. --Electiontechnology 02:28, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Electiontechnology:

 * no, the really fundamental aspect of paper are, that they're readable by humans and not alterable my voting machines. the "verifying voter intent" is a consequence of that.
 * 1) please cite a reference of a voting machine that's able to alter or destroy the VVPAT once it's seen by the voter.

and no, i will not leave Your diebold-version there and talk someplace else. --Taintain 22:01, 16 November 2006 (UTC)
 * You misunderstand, I said "stop deleting the explanation of the fundamental aspect of the VVPAT." I didn't say anything about the fundamental aspect of paper. You also seem to have a fundamental misunederstading of the VVPAT, if it doesn't verify the voter's intent, then it is useless, that's why the first two V's stand for Voter Verfied. You can't just brush it off as a consequence. To the second point, since you seem to think that you must provide sourcing for all possible options, then can you provide an example of a corrupt voting machine? If not, your logic says that you have to remove every reference to "corupt" voting machines. I in no way advocate that. Corruption and tampering are serious concerns with all parts of a voting system. Lastly, to your nonsensical final comment, A) what does Diebold have to do with anything? Please don't think I in any way support them or any of their election systems products; B) Again, I think you misunderstood, I was just saying if you had comments for me specifically, you should leave them on my talk page. Hope we can clear this up. --Electiontechnology 22:57, 16 November 2006 (UTC)
 * P.S. You should read this. "9.6% [of VVPATs] were either destroyed, blank, illegible, missing, taped together or compromised in some way. 1.4 percent of the VVPATs were missing ballots." Please understand that these are serious concerns. --Electiontechnology 23:03, 16 November 2006 (UTC)
 * the fundamental aspect of a VVPAT derives from the material paper. anyway, i included your sentence. there are enough demonstrations of corrupted voting machines, princton, nedap-hack, accuvote, ... but show me one where the voting machine is able to change the paper after being verified by the voter? those 1,4% of the ballots missing some percent of their votes where accidentally, so please put that into the section of technical problems. the intro is for explaining what VVPATs are all about. --Taintain 00:02, 17 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm not at all sure what you are trying to say with that last response. Regardless, it is factually incorrect to say a corrupt machine cannot alter a VVPAT. I do not think I can be more clear. This is a question of potential.--Electiontechnology 00:14, 17 November 2006 (UTC)
 * ok, i clarified that. if You have a reference of a corrupted voting machine being able to alter the VVPAT after the voter has verified it, please post it. then we can go on in this discussion. if not, please leave the section as it is. --Taintain 00:45, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

You most certainly did not clarify that. Please stop reverting the article. This is a violation of wikipedia policy:Three-revert rule. I am not sure if this is a language barrier that is contributing to this lack of understanding, I truly want this conversation to be in good faith, but you insist on ignoring my comments and inserting incorrect information into this article. Your edit, "...he can be sure that even a corrupted voting machine will not be able to tamper with it", is absolutely false, and at best misleading. As I've tried to explain to you repeatedly, you cannot say this is an impossible task. I again have done my best to remove only the factually incorrect information and incorporate your changes. Please take a moment to reread my comments and the source I recommended.--Electiontechnology
 * stating that You have repeated Yourself does not make a point. it's very nice that you say that you are in good faith and that i'm not a native english speaker, but we should be talking about the subject. please finally disclose the reference of a corrupted voting machine being able to intentionally modify a printed paper trail (i'm asking for the 3rd time!) the link You gave describes technical problems which You are free to include in a technical problems section. it does not belong in the intro of a VVPAT, the intro of cars does also not include that its breaks might fail. i've now inserted my sentence again, please don't remove it again without a reference. --Taintain 13:39, 17 November 2006 (UTC)
 * The most important part to me was that you stop deleting the postion about verifiability. Your missunderstanding of the editable paper is less important though still unfortuantely incorrect. Your example about cars does not match this situation. I'm not trying to put in the intro that it is changable, I just want to remove the incorrect information that says it is not changeable. A more accurate explanation would be that the car article doesn't incorrectly say that the breaks can't fail. You are simply incorrect is saying that it is impossible. You are stipulating (agree to the fact) that the machine is corrupt. How can you say it is still impossible? That aside, I think this is the most accurate version we've worked on so far and I want to thank you for continuing the coversation. I'm going to invite another user, who if you review his contributions you will see his views on electronic voting are much more similar to yours than mine, to comment. (User:Joebeone) I think an outside view might benefit the both of us as well as the article. --Electiontechnology 16:42, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

 * As a researcher in the field, it is imprecise to say that VVPATs are not changeable by voting machines. We can't prove that the machines can't change the VVPATs.  In fact. the iVotronic VVPAT (called a Real-Time Audit Log, RTAL) is able to both advance and reverse the paper feed.  If a VVPAT printer can reverse the paper feed, it would be trivial to do either a denial of service attack (where the paper is reversed and then a VVPAT voided or written over with gibberish) or a substitution attack (such as clever changing of the characters in a name to reflect a different vote).  Also, not directly related to the issue at hand, if left unattended VVPAT printers could print willy-nilly more VVPATs.  These are real possibilities.  One thing that is for sure is that no reliable source has demonstrated either what I talk about above or that VVPATs are unmodifiable by the machine, so this wording should be changed. (I'll wait for responses before changing the language) -- Joebeone (Talk) 19:41, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

 * if voting machines can change the VVPAT it's caused by implementation problems. it's quite easy to use a printer which cannot rewind and mechanically block the printer when no voter-card is present. i included it in the implemenation section. --Taintain 14:26, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, implementation problems are what we have on the market. Let me be more specific.  The intro currently has the following sentence:

 * Also a printed vote on paper is not changeable by the voting machine opposed to a stored vote in computer memory.

 * This is imprecise, at best, and likely incorrect. It may be under the ideal VVPAT implementation that this statement is correct, but then that should be qualified by a phrase such as, "In theory, ...".  Currently, many security experts (and I can cite this) believe that changing the contents of a VVPAT or otherwise adding or subtracting votes is an attack we have to worry about with all major VVPAT implementations (via extra printing or modification of previously-recorded VVPAT records).  I'll take a stab at making the intro more precise without destroying its spirit. OK? -- Joebeone (Talk) 19:04, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I just took a shot at it and added a cite to the Brennan work that has such VVPAT attacks cataloged. Let me know what you think of this change guys. -- Joebeone (Talk) 20:23, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

what kind of "scientist" made this study? in the attacks on "DRE with VVPAT" it misses an obvious case: the paper reads "Adams", the display shows "Jefferson". this happens once, an election official is called by the voter and the machine goes straight to the FBI. if You know the people who made the study, please tell them to fix this error. i changed the "cannot be changed" to "hard to change" to credit all the theoretical attacks of appending and rewinding. --Taintain 00:02, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

 * If we cannot solve this, we might have to go to arbitration. The scientists on the Brennan Center Security Task Force include scientists renowned in the United States for both computer security and system security.  The attack you describe is listed in their study along with 200+ other attacks.  This is cited, peer-reviewed research an you have no reason to be reverting such an addition to this page. -- Joebeone (Talk) 19:35, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

 * before arbitration we should try to solve this out by ourselves (otherwise they won't accept it anyway.) since you didn't say the page i assumed that you mean with "practical attack ob the VVPAT" page 65 with attack #6 ? (do you have a clue how to get this "DRE attack catalog" which is cited throughout the study, it's not on brennancenter.org as claimed?). attack #6 wouldn't work as described in the study because voters can easily compare the screen to the paper trail and call an election official. so unless you can explain what's wrong in my arguing or come up with a practical attack on the VVPAT i will revert to my version (which btw wasn't a revert but a rewrite).--Taintain 23:01, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, I don't have time to fight this fight. If you're satisfied with an inferior page, so be it.  If you'd like to collaborate together to produce something that is superior but also addresses your criticisms, then let me know.  The academic community, I should say, has arrived at a consensus about the vulnerability of VVPAT to a few narrow classes of attacks.  In my book, as an academic associated with the NSF ACCURATE Center, that omission is a serious one on this page.  With the holidays coming around, I'll have more time to devote to these pieces of Wikipedia.  Please join me in making these articles the best they can be. best, -- Joebeone (Talk) 16:30, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

would You believe me that i'm michael jackson ? why not ? why should i believe that You are an academic with a book ? citing the personal resume doesn't help in the internet, arguing on the facts does.

now on these facts (3rd try, and it really takes only 3 minutes): imagine You are a voter, the screen shows Jefferson, the VVPAT shows Adams. do You: now after answering that question please read the brennan attack #6, page 65. yes, the brennan study doesn't even consider Your answer, there might be something wrong with the study. <-- please answer to this and we might get ahead to make this article the best possible. --Taintain 21:41, 4 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) believe that it must be Your mistake, press "cancel" and retry to vote
 * 2) call an election official and show him the difference between screen and VVPAT

 * I like facts too. I'm not sure what questions you're asking here... if you could phrase it as a question, that would help.  I'll try and phrase the above as a question: If a voter sees the VVPAT is printed differently than their choices or what is displayed on the screen, what do they do?  I think the two options you point out above are reasonable ones (modulo that it would compromise the voter's privacy to do option 2. (call over the election official), which is not something that voters do lightly).  However, the attack I describe and the one that the Brennan center mentions in passing relies on many voters to not inspect the VVPAT.  In fact, some preliminary research that has looked into how often voters examine the VVPAT records shows that few actually do look at the VVPATs and even fewer will notice errors planted in the VVPAT (see, for example, Ted Selker and Sarah Cohen's work on Audio Verification: http://www.vote.caltech.edu/media/documents/wps/vtp_wp28.pdf ).

 * At the National Institute of Standards and Technology "Threats to Voting Systems" Workshop, there were no less than 6 attacks that current VVPAT systems are likely vulnerable to:

 * Threat to voter privacy [and vote-selling] with voter verified paper audit trail voting systems using spooled paper rolls: http://vote.nist.gov/threats/papers/spooledpaper.pdf (John Wack, NIST).
 * Voter Verified Paper Record attack on misprinted VVPAT: http://vote.nist.gov/threats/papers/misprintedVVPAT.pdf (David Dill, Stanford).
 * Paper Trail Boycott (a social engineering attack where coordinated voters early in the day complain and have machines removed from service): http://vote.nist.gov/threats/papers/papertraiboycot.pdf (Mike Shamos, Carnegie Mellon University).
 * Paper Trail Manipulation I (voiding a voter's vote and printing a new one): http://vote.nist.gov/threats/papers/papertrailhack.pdf (Mike Shamos, Carnegie Mellon University).
 * Paper Trail Manipulation II (a different way of doing the above attack): http://vote.nist.gov/threats/papers/papertrailhack2.pdf (Mike Shamos, Carnegie Mellon University).
 * Paper Trail Manipulation III (disguises the above attack so it becomes harder to detect): http://vote.nist.gov/threats/PaperTrailManipulationIII1.pdf (Ron Crane).

 * Most pertinent to our discussion it Dill's misprinting attack. This is the one that keeps us all up late at night... and when we learned that certain voting systems' VVPAT mechanisms could reverse themselves, we were aghast as that could make this kind of attack even more acute.

 * So, my position is this: current VVPATs are vulnerable to a number of attacks, not to mention outright malfunction and error. I think the article should reflect this if it's going to be an encyclopedic and NPOV article.  The part of the current article that I take issue with is the following: "Also a printed vote on paper would be very hard to change by the voting machine ...".  First, I don't think it is correct as we know that VVPATs can be changed, and it appears that it could be quite easy (i.e., done with a change to software in some systems).  Second, we don't really have evidence one way or another that VVPATs have been changed maliciously in an election, so we don't really know to what extent attackers have to go to in order to pull one of these attacks off.  Since VVPATs are as poorly designed as the rest of most voting systems (which are largely poorly designed), we expect there to be just as many ways to subvert VVPAT.  Let's continue the discussion until we've come to an understanding of some sort. -- Joebeone (Talk) 16:54, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * ok, so after seeing the difference between screen & VVPAT some people might call an election official (which is not even considered in the brennan study which states "These voters would cancel the paper record and vote again. The second time, the paper would record their votes correctly.". calling an official isn't even such a big privacy problem since the voter wouldn't have to tell if he pressed the name on the screen or no the VVPAT ;) now let's go one step further: what would happen after the election official sees the VVPAT and the screen showing two different candidates ? yes, there might be some concern about the integrity of the machine and software in use and the whole fraud might fail. this is also not mentioned in the brennan study. and so the brennan study concludes on page 75:

 * "Assuming that only 20% of voters review their voter-verified paper trail, a minimum of one to three informed participants173 will be needed to successfully execute DRE w/VVPT Attack Number 6 (Memory and Paper Misrecord Vote Due to Trojan Horse Inserted in Ballot Definition File) and change the result of the Pennasota governor’s race."

 * i think it's safe to say this study has a big flaw, since probably a single voter pointing out the difference between screen and VVPAT is enough to spoil the fraud (unless the machine also alters the display, which the study doesn't claim and which raises other issues).

 * speaking about the 3% from the caltech study: have You actually read it ? those were 36 paid people which had just one goal: get out of the lab as quick as possible to get their 20 bucks, they probably didn't even read which candidate they clicked on. opposed to real voters which care about their vote, otherwise they wouldn't take the time to go to the election place at all. this "study" is like handing out 100 monopoly bills to paid subjects and if they don't recount them to conclude nobody would recount cash from a used car dealer. which reasonable researcher would compare lab-votes to presidential-election-votes ? also it doesn't say if the voting-program had a message on the screen which asked to check the VVPAT which might change the outcome considerably. but You said this was just one example, do have know a more reasonable study about this subject ?

 * on the 6 attacks:
 * is not about changing the VVPAT
 * is very hard to carry out. and if it would be possible, it still would be a hundred times harder than doing the ::same on a DRE without VVPAT. how do You sleep about DRE's ?
 * would work against any kind of voting machine
 * can be easily avoided by using a printer which can't reverse and has a mechanical switch to not print if there's no voter card present. also this attacks says itself that it relies on a bad implementation. that's in implementation-issue.
 * see above + assumes that there's nothing printed like "voter confiremed this vote", or "voter card removed".
 * see above

 * since even You as a researcher cite the short NIST-list of 34 attacks on voting machines and not the long list which the brennan claims to have published, is it true that this list doesn't exist ? (which would make the brennan study even more a piece of hot air since it cites this list repeatedly.)

 * on "Also a printed vote on paper would be very hard to change by the voting machine ...".: as i think about it, this has a double meaning. what i meant is "after the fact". (it's physically impossible if the printer can't reverse. it's logically impossible of each vote ends with a statement like "voter confirmed this vote", another message: "voter removed card" and even harder if the printer can't print without any voter card inserted.) the other meaning being "changing at printing", which is in fact as easy as changing a DRE, but might get noticed by the voter. i'll change that in the article.
 * --Taintain 17:28, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I refuse to spend anymore time on this. The Brennan Study is a well-respected piece of academic inquiry from most of the biggest minds in academic research on electronic voting.  Compare reliable sources that criticize the study to those that laud it as the first of it's kind ever and very important to the evolution of electronic voting.  I believe you'll find the balance is on the side of the Study.  Anyway, I was just posing the above to show that there are reliable, cited sources that show there are possible attacks on VVPAT that you don't consider.  You seem to be content instead in evaluating the claims of this published research... recall that it is not an encyclopedia's point to do research and what you've done here is come very close if not crossed the line into original research (WP:OR).  I do not come to Wikipedia to fight, but to improve content.  I urge you to reconsider your actions and instead be content in reporting what reliable sources have to say about the matter in an encyclopedia manner.  I will not respond further. -- Joebeone (Talk) 20:11, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

 * i have now several times pointed out the flaws in the brennan study (1. no mentioning of voters proving the fraud by pointing on display and VVPAT, 2. the list which explains all the attacks in the study is not publicly available, 3. citing the inappropriate 3%-caltech audio-trail study). You didn't respond to any of these and Your only point is, just that it's a "respected study". i'm very open to hear about a practical attack to change a VVPAT after it is printed which is not an implementation problem. and i wouldn't call all this original research, rather common sense, missing sources and inappropriate citing. --Taintain 22:42, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

 * These don't look like flaws. (1) This is not relevant because they did not assume that the DRE would display a summary page after the vote is printed and it is not as effective as the machine consistently printing and displaying the same wrong name. Also, if this were to happen the VVPAT system would actually be working, and therefore may not be considered a threat unless the voter or election official chooses "no" it acts as if the vote were counted. The Brennan center's study "looks at the ability of persons to successfully execute an attack without detection" and tries to limit itself only to talking about the path of least resistance an attacker might take and mitigation of that. Something that gets the attacker caught is obviously out of scope for the document. The problem is even addressed several times while describing the attack: "Would not this mean that the attack would be detected?  Not necessarily.", and "This might lead her to believe she had accidentally pressed the wrong candidate the first time. In any event, it might make her less likely to tell anyone that the machine made a mistake". (2) It is unclear why this is of importance when it has nothing to do with the issue of citing the published work. The attacks that are listed in the report are well-explained and relevant. (3) The brennan document is up-front about this in the first paragraph: "In a recent study, Professor Ted Selker and Sharon Cohen of MIT paid 36 subjects to vote on DRE w/VVPT machines.152 They reported that “[o]ut of 108 elections that contained errors ...only 3 [errors were recognized] while using the VVPT system.”153". In any case, the threat still exists even if the analysis were later shown to be incorrect. Your opinion does not count as empirical evidence, and given that many people say it is irrational to even vote, it would be even more so to spend extra time checking your vote on the paper audit trail. --Toshardin 00:02, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

 * of course they're flaws. (1) how can a study look at "the ability to successfully execute an attack" without considering being caught ??? You're also wrong about the wrong name displayed, it says on p65: "When a targeted voter chooses Tom Jefferson, the screen would indicate that

she has voted for Tom Jefferson.". that's the attack this thread is about. (2) attacks are usually described in more detail, see for example: http://vote.nist.gov/threats/papers.htm (3) the brennan document doesn't mention that this study wasn't even trying to find out how many people in a real life election would find an error in a VVPAT but to compare paper to audio trail. citing this study is like comparing a lab-study (without real money) about "do people read their credit-card-recipt before signing" to the real world, where people loose real money if they sign a wrong recipt. and yes, a lot of people consider voting irrational, that's the 75% which stay home. the people which care about their vote are the 25% which take the time to register, go there and sometimes wait for hours in lines to cast their vote. --Taintain

 * To make this more constructive, please point to a published research paper that indicates flaws with the Brennan Center Report or write your own and get it published. (1) I was pointing out that if you got caught, the attack wouldn't be considered successful, and is therefore not really something they were considering. You are pointing to when the voter "selects" the candidate, this is entirely different from the end of the voting process. You believe that there is a kind of review screen on the DRE and that a printout is made, and the voter gets the chance to compare and cast or not cast their ballot. The Brennan center clearly does not make such a suggestion, instead saying that the machine instructs the voter to look at the receipt and make sure their choices are correct, which is what existing systems they looked at do (they do *not* show a review screen on the DRE in the system described by the report). Obviously, if it worked the way you say, the review screen matching the receipt would be an equivalent attack to the one described. (2) Again, this is your opinion, and you aren't being specific about what is missing. (3) As I said, there is no empirical evidence to suggest they are wrong, and they even went so far as to raise the number from 3% to 20% to show the changes . Even if it is shown that over 90% of the people can correctly check their ballot, the analysis they did is still relevant, you just change all instances of 3 or 20 to 90 and recalculate the numbers. --Toshardin 16:53, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

not a research paper put a good summary of the brennan-flaws: http://www.efve.eu/Analysis:_The_Machinery_of_Democracy:_Protecting_Elections_in_an_Electronic_World

(1) the problem is, that the brennan study considers an attack as successful which wouldn't be successful because anybody can point out the difference between screen and paper.

the study doesn't say there is a review screen, but it neither says the opposite, and it rather sounds like it still is on the screen:

brennan study, page 65: she has voted for Tom Jefferson. paper record that lists her choices for every race, except for governor. Under the governor’s race, it would state that she has selected Johnny Adams.
 * When a targeted voter chooses Tom Jefferson, the screen would indicate that
 * After she has completed voting in all other races, the DRE would print a

maybe this is more clear in the mysterious missing attack catalog which the study says describes all attacks. maybe that includes such details, who knows ? so much about (2). it's anyway bad scientific practice to rely on an unpublished second document (and say it is published).

(3) after You change the number to 90% the current conclusion of the study ("the election can be rigged with attack 6") wouldn't be valid anymore (the study says this itself for 80%, see p75). then we don't need to argue anymore since this whole discussion started about if attack #6 could be successful. --Taintain 22:08, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

 * That whole page seems to hang on the same misunderstanding of the report. The attack is about you voting a certain way and then it being different at the end. You can't assume what is not specified to be there. Even if there were a review screen changing the vote on both the printout and the review screen is an equivalent attack (if you don't agree, please explain why). Depending on how you change the numbers, it could be effective. There's no empirical evidence to show it to be a flawed assumption or not, but I think we can agree that it *can* change votes in a consistently undetectable way and is a problem. --Toshardin 22:34, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

 * you can neither assume the opposite, and if you read it word by word jeff is still on the screen. changing both screen and paper is of course not equivalent because it's a lot more obvious to the voter. you're right that it depends on the numbers, but this number definitely isn't 3% and unless you find a more reasonable study about this number it's safe to assume that most people which make the effort to go voting care about it. --Taintain 20:34, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

Bad Examples and Confusion with E2E Receipt-Based Systems
The examples listed are not ballotless, do not rely on DREs, and do not really rely on an audit in the traditional sense of the word. In fact, they are fundamentally different as voters take a receipt home with them. Better examples would be the VVPAT add-ons from Diebold, Seqouia, ES&S and other vendors. --Toshardin 00:02, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

I should add that NIST calls Punchscan et al. E2E systems, or End-to-end auditable voting systems:. The discussion of receipts under "Implementation Challenges of VVPAT" is misleading, no proposed so-called "receipt-based" systems advocate giving the voter a receipt which actually allows them to show to themselves or others what their intention was when they cast their vote. Additionally, these systems generally use proofs to show that the encrypted ballots were counted correctly. So the voter knows that their vote made it into the votes that were tallied, and that the tallied votes were properly decrypted due to the proof (this is much easier to see in ThreeBallot than the other systems, as the proof is "count the public ballots"). --Toshardin 00:24, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

Under VVPAT Application, read the last paragraph which starts with "There are cryptographic solutions that can assure voters their votes are correctly tabulated." Are all the solutions in this paragraph E2E? If so, let's start an E2E article and move that paragraph to it. --Pulpspy 19:12, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

Okay, i've moved it to End-to-end auditable voting systems and slightly edited it. Please add when you can. --Toshardin 21:36, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

Update
--Electiontechnology 07:15, 4 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Saying electronic records can be changed "in an instant without a trace" is POV and just plain false.
 * physical ballot -> tangible ballot
 * removed self-links
 * explaining crypto systems have not been used in US elections
 * added witness system
 * replaced: "Systems that allow the voter to prove how they voted are never used in U.S. public elections, and are outlawed by most state constitutions. The primary concerns with this solution are voter intimidation and vote selling." I think it is still relevant and needed. I think it's more clear now though.
 * "Implementation Challenges of VVPAT" -> "Implementation Challenges and Concerns with VVPAT" similar to the parallel DRE section
 * Wikipedia cannot declare what people "should" do, it can however point out potential concerns
 * better explaining concerns over anonymity
 * "unless every voter participates." = innacurate
 * added accessibility concerns
 * added reliability concerns
 * removed duplicate wiki links
 * "assure voters" -> voter confidence
 * added reflist
 * is a subcategory of

 * Saying electronic records can be changed "in an instant without a trace" is POV and just plain false.
 * instead of making a very long sentence about logic methods like vote encryption which might make it harder to change the vote i reduced it to paper vs. memory (since the paper is the main feature in a VVPAT, a "voter verified flash-memory trail" would be as insecure as a DRE). see Flash memory, DRAM and SRAM for how quick and traceless it is changed.
 * voters order

 * do You have a source for "many jurisdictions keep track of voter order" ? haven't heard that before, it would be error prone (just one wrong record would spoil the matching of list to VVPAT) and anyway not much use with multiple voting computers.

--Taintain 14:39, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

--Electiontechnology 19:17, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
 * reducing it to paper vs. memory does not make saying electronic records can be changed "in an instant without a trace" accurate or NPOV. In the spirit of your making it a simple comparison I made it more accurately say "Printed paper would be harder to change after the fact by the voting machine than computer memory."
 * "This can be accomplished by a switch which deactivates the printer, as long as there is voter card inserted." There are lots of ways to make VVPATs better. There are lots of ways to improve voting machines in general. The problem is it has not been accomplished.
 * "which should have been realized by every voter" Wikipedia can not make judgements. "Should" is the definition of POV. Regardless, they didn't realize
 * I will try to find a cite for you regarding jurisdictions recording order of voters. I guess my US-centric bias is showing; it's very common here. The state of Maryland is required by state code to even record which voting machine a voter votes on.
 * "unless there is more than one voting machine which would make the matching between list and the VVPATs very hard." "Very hard" is still very possible, which is why I said "possibly compromising." It is a serious concern in some US states as there are state constitutions that guarantee the secrecy of the ballot in the state constitution and have not implement continuous role VVPATs for fear of them being rules unconstitutional.
 * "This drops the voter confidence of these disabled voters to the same level as when using a DRE voting machine where they can neither verify their vote." The concern isn't voter confidence, but rather equal protection. The idea is that it is discriminating against disabled voters to provide and additional benefit to non-disabled voters.
 * "The League of Women Voters (LWV) didn't see a need for VVPATs for a long time." Can you source this? And can we find a better way to say it?

 * to be POV it must be wrong or controversial. what's wrong about "computer memory can be changed in an instant without a trace" ? after all, this is the article about the voter verified PAPER audit trail, so it's quite needed to explain the two benefits of paper over computer memory (wrote only once, human readable).
 * that nobody sells it doesn't make it wrong. but i included it's not on the market.
 * included the opaque doors in front of the VVPAT
 * just called it "difficult" now and please leave it in there. there is no perfect match between one list and e.g. three vvpats.
 * i would rather leave the sentence in there unless some court has decided about that. which i very much doubt because there are a lot of security measures which depend on seeing: holographs on credit cards, passport pictures, warning signs, watermarks, paper seals, .... those won't either be removed because of equal protection.
 * finally found it on the LWV page (which makes it rather useless to make a full cite of the old 2004 testimony.)
 * --Taintain 11:31, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

--Electiontechnology 19:29, 11 February 2007 (UTC)
 * It is inaccurate to say "computer memory can be changed in an instant without a trace"
 * "This can be accomplished by a switch which deactivates the printer, as long as there is voter card inserted." You do know this can be accomplished. No one knows if this can be accomplished. This is an invention of your own mind and not reality. Find a source or stop reverting. At best this is original research and not allowed in Wikipedia.
 * Nice edit on the Cuyahoga study.
 * I tried to reword it so it is at least accurate. The idea is that any voter who can be identified compromised the secrecy of the vote.
 * Disability Discrimination Act 1995, Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Ontarians with Disabilities Act... Regardless, you don't know what their confidence level is, again find a source or stop adding it.
 * I think that there is a difference between what the full organization passes as policy, and what the then President testified. It doesn't change the facts in her testimony either. I think that both pieces of info is enough to explain the situation and that the "long time" line is arbitrary and unnecessary.

--Taintain 23:32, 12 February 2007 (UTC)
 * why ? the access time of computer memory is measured in nano-seconds (which can be named "instant" regarding voting machines), once it's changed it can't be recovered.
 * common sense isn't original research. do i really have to find a source saying their printers can be switched of with a switch ?
 * these acts don't rule, that seeing people have to use inferior stuff because some people can't see it. traffic lights make get a sound-device for the blind, they are not removed because blind can't see them. houses get ramps for wheel-chairs, the stairs aren't removed. but You want to remove the VVPAT because some people can't read it ? please show me a similar example. anyway, with a DRE the blind need to trust the software, with a VVPAT it's the same.
 * yes, if the president follows the new policy, she wouldn't make the same statement after that motion was passed. the motion also sees the blind-problem as solvable: "2. the voter can verify, either by eye or with the aid of suitable devices for those who have impaired vision, that the paper ballot/record accurately reflects his or her intent;"

Taintain, no one is blind reverting anything but you. I think the issue is you have a very limited understanding of voting systems and make claims well beyond your level of knowledge. In my opinion you also have an personal agenda and generally like opinion much more than fact. You are attempting to imply that voting system computer memory can be changed in an instant without a trace. You don't know that, and have no sources to support you.

The fundamental problem with your "common sense" solution isn't the technical constraint of printers and switches, it is that you need to understand that what you think is so easy is not. Your example uses "voter card"s, many voting systems do not use voter cards. Could someone manually flip that switch? Could software or tampering override the switch? Please read the original research page. Hopefully it will give you a better understanding.

I sincerely appreciate all the efforts you have put into improving Wikipedia and on the election related articles. I hope that you continue to do so. I also hope that those continuing edits can be free of any personal beliefs you may have.

-- Electiontechnology 16:59, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

 * so why did You 2 times reintroduce "proficiencey" ? and again: stop getting personal, leads us nowhere.

 * about fact and opinions: i've said already that You might want to read computer memory if You don't believe how fast traceless it can be changed. i also asked You 2 times to argue why that it's not the case. so unless You come up with a reason, please read computer memory and leave that section alone.

 * i also found a quote in the princeton study:
 *  In the Diebold DRE we studied, these records are stored in ordinary flash memory, so they are freely modifiable by malicious software.

 * every system has some way to block unapproved votes which could always also block the printer. with manually flipping it would be nearly impossible to successfully commit fraud. and of course it would be only useful with a mechanical switch without software interference.
 * --Taintain 21:53, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

I am discussing your limited knowledge. If you find that personal I apologize, but it is a serious issue. You can't grasp the idea that your edits imply that all voting machine memory can be changed instantly without a trace, or you are trying to imply something you know to be falso. Thank you for stopping your blind reverts of your original research. --Electiontechnology 22:39, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Taintain, editing is a collaborative endeavor. Blind reverts are not collaborative. This conflicts with the Wikipedia policy about "owning" a page (WP:OWN).

 * Since working on an article does not entitle you to "own" the article, it is still important to respect the work of your fellow contributors. When making large scale removals of content, particularly content contributed by one editor, it is important to consider whether a desirable result could be obtained by working with the editor, instead of against him or her—regardless of whether he or she "owns" the article or not.

 * If you care as much about this article as you seem to imply, we should have an open, non-confrontational discussion that might result in you being incorrect instead of that not being a possibility. -- Joebeone (Talk) 20:27, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

Conclusion
there should be no "conclusion" at the end of an encyclopedic article as it's no research. this one is anyway wrong since even the brennan study says, that election fraud is not possible if enough people check the VVPAT. so it does a lot more than just raise voter confidence (if implemented properly).

 * A VVPAT component of a DRE is not a prophylactic against equipment malfunction or every form of election fraud but it may help improve voter confidence. It is a usable way to enable a recount of the intended votes, without VVPAT only the stored votes might be recounted. In case of a manipulation that might not be the same. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Taintain (talk • contribs) 11:53, 11 February 2007 (UTC).
 * I totally agree with removing the conclusion. --Electiontechnology 19:29, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

Accuracy update
--Electiontechnology 04:04, 23 June 2007 (UTC)
 * disingenious -> disingenuous
 * Readable by the human eye does not conclude "more secure" or "trustable"
 * Software is need not always be Proprietary.
 * source doesn't support every voting machine, changed to "Insecure voting machine".
 * "Corrupt or malfunctioning voting machines that do not have VVPAT capabilities might store votes other than as intended by the voter unnoticed" regardless of VVPATs.

Anonymous user <IP_ADDRESS> Edits
Please understand that your edits are incorrect. You have been notified of this. You are in violation of the Wikipedia Three-revert rule as you have be notified and ignored. I am referring you to an administrator who can hopefully solve this problem. --Electiontechnology 19:34, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) Your edits are in the wrong place. Eliminating the header of the article does not improve the article.
 * 2) Your edits are not exactly correct. There are a number of different types of VVPATs and they do not all follow your description.
 * 3) Your edits are largely duplicated in the "VVPAT Application" section.
 * 4) Your edit "VVPAT is not a substitute for any type of paper ballot." is commentary and not suitable for an encyclopedia.

Mercuri Method???
I eliminated the reference to the VVPAT under glass being known as "the Mercuri method" since there is no reliable reference indicating that it is called or known as this anywhere in the world, other that at Wikipedia. While I don't doubt that Mercuri may have discussed this configuration in her thesis, I doubt even she called it the Mercuri Method in her thesis. (Can you imagine the eye rolling that would have caused among her professors?!) Without any references showing that this attribution is a common one, it smacks of someone either self-promoting or trying to push an unaccepted term and attribution into use. --Fixn (talk) 20:08, 13 July 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 5 one external links on Voter-verified paper audit trail. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070127111242/http://www.diebold.com:80/dieboldes/AccuVoteTSX.swf to http://www.diebold.com/dieboldes/AccuVoteTSX.swf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20061021170624/http://www.sequoiavote.com/photo.php?photo=SequoiaEdgeWithVeriVotePrinter.jpg&title=Sequoia%20AVC%20Edge%20With%20VeriVote%20Printer to http://www.sequoiavote.com/photo.php?photo=SequoiaEdgeWithVeriVotePrinter.jpg&title=Sequoia%20AVC%20Edge%20With%20VeriVote%20Printer
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20071224114830/http://www.sequoiavote.com:80/edge2Plus.html to http://www.sequoiavote.com/edge2Plus.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20071224115019/http://www.sequoiavote.com:80/advantagePlus.html to http://www.sequoiavote.com/advantagePlus.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20061031083048/http://www.hartic.com/innerpage.php?pageid=53 to http://www.hartic.com/innerpage.php?pageid=53

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 19:32, 11 February 2016 (UTC)

Proposed merge with Mercuri method
This article refers to the "Mercuri method" as another term for VVPAT, her method does not appear to diverge from the described version so much as to require a separate article GorillaWarfare (talk) 01:11, 31 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Noting that the proposal was withdrawn by the nominator with edit on the Mercuri method page with edit on: 02:23, 31 August 2016 Klbrain (talk) 06:52, 7 April 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Voter-verified paper audit trail. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140103152148/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-221126-India-devises-flawless-ballot-mechanism to http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-221126-India-devises-flawless-ballot-mechanism
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20130122082426/http://www.essvote.com/HTML/products/ivotronic_rtal.html to http://www.essvote.com/HTML/products/ivotronic_rtal.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:35, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

Removed the odd punctuation from "Common Problems" subsection
Hello[ to whomsoever is reading this carefully], I've removed the odd placement of MOS:ALLEGED quotation-marks over the verb ‘verify’ as paraphrased from the study conducted by The Hindu® Centre for Politics and Public Policy in the sub-section "Common Problems" pertaining to the pragmatism of a VVPATs-based electoral-operation. Regards. –Mohd.maaz864 (talk) 20:14, 8 May 2020 (UTC) Edit Note: Diversified the wiki-mentioning of page for the institute. Given many of the overseas editors might not be aware of the Institute's repute. –Mohd.maaz864 (talk) 20:19, 8 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Voter-verified paper audit trail


text:
Warren Kennedy

Warren Brian Kennedy is a South African horse racing jockey currently riding in New Zealand. He was the 2019/20 and 2021/22 South African Champion Jockey.

He has won Group 1 races in South Africa and in New Zealand.

Riding career
Kennedy attended the South African Jockey Academy in 1995 when he was 14 years old. He became a qualified rider in 2000. Kennedy won the National Apprentice title in his final year.

His first race win came on board Coded Missile for trainer Nic Claasen at Fairview on 15 May 1998. It was a chance ride as the trainer's stable jockey fell ill. The race was the Lady Pedant Stakes, and being a listed race, Kennedy received no apprentice claim.

His first Grade 1 victory came on board Gabor in the Thekwini Stakes at Hollywoodbets Greyville. Other Group 1 wins include the Summer Cup with Summer Pudding, the Hollywoodbets Gold Challenge with Rainbow Bridge, and the Allan Robertson Championship with Vernichey. He also rode Triple Tiara winner Summer Pudding to victory in the Grade 1 SA Fillies Classic, the Grade 2 Wilgerbosdrift Gauteng Fillies Guineas, and the Grade 1 Woolavington 2000.

In 2022 Kennedy moved to New Zealand where he was engaged by Byerley Park founder and Director Daniel Nakhle and managed by former Gauteng-based jockey Donavan Mansour. Kennedy quickly achieved race day wins.

Major New Zealand winning rides

 * 2022 Zabeel Classic (G1) with Defibrillate for Graham Richardson and Rogan Norvall
 * 2023 Karaka Million 3YO Classic (Listed 1600m) with Prowess for Roger James and Robert Wellwood.
 * 2023 New Zealand 2000 Guineas with Crocetti for Danny Walker and Arron Tata
 * 2024 Railway Stakes (G1 1200m) with Waitak for Lance O'Sullivan & Andrew Scott
 * 2024 New Zealand Oaks (G1) with Pulchritudinous for Chad Ormsby.

Personal life
Warren is the son of former jockey Terrence Kennedy.

Kennedy is married to Barbara (née Badenhorst), with whom he has two daughters.

title: Warren Kennedy


text:
komentar

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from (compare 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) comment spoken or written remark

Alternative forms

 * komèn
 * komén

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) comment

title: komentar


text:
Cliff Nuttall

Cliff Nuttall (born 31 December 1940) is a Canadian hurdler. He competed in the men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

title: Cliff Nuttall


text:
Talk:Search techniques

I think this page needs more info. Perhaps I can get the AI slides from the class I work on at USC and get them in here. However, in the mean time, I think this could use some more content. Mundhenk 08:52, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Agree. Except for A*, which I've had no time to write, and Bidirectional, the techniques presented are only the naïve ones. I think the lesson also needs a narrower context than "AI", or we will end up having here all the game-related techniques too. --Jorge 21:30, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

I've just added some pictures to clear it up a little bit. Maybe this page needs to be made more in to one story instead of a list of statements? Daniel 03:11, 11 May 2007

Indeed, we can really open up a whole lot of topics on search; more than we could fit on one page. However, I suspect so long as we keep the content separated well enough we can branch off and start new sub topics as needed. So we can go ahead and add A* or other searches, but when it gets big enough we can start sub-topics. Either that or we can preempt the subtopics and start thinking about making this page a quick topic overview and create links to the logical subtopics. So we could have for instance AI->Search->BFS or we could be more parsimonious AI->Search->Uniformed->BFS. I guess there are many ways to go. However, if we make things to anal retentive, we may conceptually lose many people. We might be able to fix that with cross indexing. So we might have a conceptual index and a logical index. That is, the conceptual index points to pages in an order like a person would read the material in chapters. The logical index would be as already proposed with x->y->z. Mundhenk 03:48, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

I think it would help to use letters to describe the tree nodes in the search images. Using numbers makes it look like their are being used to describe search order.

title: Talk:Search techniques


text:
Ceylalictus appendiculatus

Ceylalictus appendiculatus is a species of bee in the genus Ceylalictus, of the family Halictidae.

title: Ceylalictus appendiculatus


text:
User:SB Johnny-LM

This is a sockpuppet account of User:SB_Johnny. I'm using it to make entries on the Bloom Clock for flowers I see blooming in Lower Merion Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, where I often work.

title: User:SB Johnny-LM


text:
Talk:Homewood-Flossmoor High School

Suggest adding English teacher Sahar Mustafah, author of The Beauty of Your Face, one of New York Times Notable Bioks of 2020, to the list of Notable Faculty. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:03, 26 December 2020 (UTC)

Untitled
I'm not actually sure the scene from [Lucas] was filmed at Glenbard North - if you look at the bulletin board in the back, at the beginning of the scene, it says something like "We Are Viking Choir," which is probably a mistake, because the high school mascot in Lucas wasn't the Vikings. Only the choir room at HF would have that on the board! Also my dad (a former HF teacher) seems to remember that some of Lucas was filmed in the North Building. Tsel 18:01, 14 February 2007 (UTC)tsel

Also, as for the car thing, Ginny Franklin, another former teacher, told us about it at the time, they found a car down there. Not sure of it being a Volkswagen though. Tsel 18:01, 14 February 2007 (UTC)tsel

Relevance of Graduation Requirements?
I understand the point of the article with the controversy. However, is there a reason why the graduation requirements are listed? It doesn't seem very scholarly... RegainTheTruth 02:55, 24 May 2007 (UTC) RegainTheTruth

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 10:18, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Michael Beschloss
The following was placed on the article page by an anon contributor. Since it is OR at this point I moved it here. Perhaps referneces can be found to substantiate this? Loren.wilton (talk) 00:55, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

I went to Homewood Flossmoor High and graduated in 1972..Michael Beschloss was in my class ( written many books on Kennedy and Politics etc also on most major News shows as well as Jay Leno when he has a book out) went there also until his parents could get him into Andover so he could then get into Harvard. He would have gradutated H-F in 1972..but somehow if you look him up anywhere he is listed as graduating from Andover in 1973. There is never any metion of I remember being in 6th grade with him. He was a nut for Kennedy and read that PT 109 and Profiles in Courage over and over. Go to nndb.com and see all his stats. debi lovell(nee' Garey)

Notable alumni
Can someone familiar with this page go through all alumni without wikipedia pages and make sure references (citations) get added that demonstrate their a) alumni status and b) notability. -- Lucas20 (talk) 20:09, 15 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Just a note on adding alumni ... per WikiProject Schools/Article guidelines, alumni without pages on wikipedia must be at least eligible for one per WP:BIO, in virtually every circumstance. The only reference/citation needed is one confirming attendance.  Red linked alumni who do not assert notability should be deleted immediately. LonelyBeacon (talk) 04:11, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Homewood-Flossmoor High School. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Attempted to fix sourcing for http://benjaminfleischer.com/docs/HFHIST.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090913101748/http://www.newsweek.com:80/id/201160/?s=Illinois&q=2009/rank/1 to http://www.newsweek.com/id/201160/?s=Illinois&q=2009/rank/1

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 19:38, 11 January 2016 (UTC)

contested edit re location of school relative to Chicago
This edit locating the school relative to downtown Chicago is not needed. The school is not in Chicago. It is in Flossmoor. Anyone wanting to know where the school is relative to somewhere else can refer to the included map, or read the linked article for Flossmoor, which is where that information should be. Meters (talk) 00:13, 30 September 2022 (UTC)
 * You can’t assume that every viewer will utilize the map or the linked article. The school location relative to Chicago is on the schools site PARK10c (talk) 00:15, 30 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Please indent your talk page replies.
 * It does not matter if it is on the school's web page. There's lots of material there that is not needed in this Wikipedia article. The school may think it is nice to promote itself as being close to downtown Chicago, but Wikipedia is not here to promote the school.
 * Your edit has been contested. We edit by consensus, so let's see what other editors think. Meters (talk) 00:24, 30 September 2022 (UTC)

I understand, but I believe we should provide as much information as possible for viewers. Viewers may not know how to utilize everything on wikipedia the same way editors, such as the linked articles or utilizing maps. PARK10c (talk) 00:37, 30 September 2022 (UTC)

It is not about promoting a school, I don’t even know where that is coming from. You have individuals who use Wikipedia who may have visual impairments as I do, or have learning issues and have trouble reading. We should be providing as much information as possible we cannot assume that everyone will utilize other features on the page or know how to. PARK10c (talk) 00:48, 30 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Homewood-Flossmoor High School


text:
User:Yourname.12/sandbox

By Your name.12
Sometimes we wonder a lot of things like why animals shake their water out and why do they groom so much, and of course why do they do it a lot daily. It is basically just a normal sense like how humans wash their hands every day it is just a normal habit,cats groom not only for keeping clean but for also other health reasons like to regulate body tempature at a normal so it dosen't get too hot or too cold and it also straightens fur and stimulates blood flow, and to also keep her shiny coat clean by using and polishing her coat with nature oil coming from her saliva and mouth polish her nicely and smoothly. this grooming bliss is good for the cat and good for the owner, what? For all I know (and experience) that the owner needs some free and chill pill time and not to be disturbed by cats........... Cats also lick them self after eating because it makes the scent of the food deteriote and breakdown not to ruin her majestic fur coat and wet food is smellier then dry food and she must spend a LOT of time trying to get rid of the smell of chicken or cat food or whatever you give it. By Zachary Zhang

title: User:Yourname.12/sandbox


text:
Talk:Woodham Brothers

Historical Impact
Fascinating article, makes you realise that without Dai Woodham, railway preservation in the UK would be nowhere near as advanced as it is. Would anyone with more knowledge of the subject care to expand on the historical/social impacts of Barry Scrapyard? i.e. what would be different if the yard hadn't concentrated on the wagons first? For example are there any classes of locomotive preserved that wouldn't be had it not been for the Barry examples?

Also is the scrapyard still in operation? ColourSarge (talk) 09:35, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Ditto: There's a lack of dates, so it's hard to identify the timeline of the article. Ansbaradigeidfran (talk) 14:27, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I think it fair to say that if Dai Woodham's company had continued with the scrapping of steam locomotives first then the railway preservation movement as it is today would be very different. Around 200 steam locomotives were rescued and many have been restored to working order, and many of those provide the main attraction at the many heritage railways around the country. If these hadn't been saved then we would only have had the National Collection and the few steam locomotives that were bought directly out of service or who survived in industrial use (for example with the NCB, and London Underground) to represent our steam railway heritage. I would guess that many heritage lines would be more reliant on diesel power to operate. It would be interesting to speculate, especially following the successful building from scratch of an A1 class pacific 'Tornado'- whether a lack of a source of locos from Woodhams' yard would have led to earlier efforts to recreate or design new steam locomotives.

 * ColourSarge also asked 'are there any classes of locomotive preserved that wouldn't be had it not been for the Barry examples?' to which the answer is an unequivocable 'YES!' - not least in the case of the prototype BR Class 8 pacific 71000 'Duke of Gloucester'. But there are other classes that wouldn't otherwise now be represented - the GW 42xx 2-8-0T and 72xx 2-8-2T (the largest tank engines to run in the UK), the SR 'Q' class 0-6-0 and 'N' class 2-6-0, the LMS Stanier Mogul, and BR 76xxx Mogul 2-6-0 are but a few examples.Andywebby (talk) 01:31, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Supplemental - The Bullied light pacifics (West Country and Battle of Britain classes) as rebuilt with Walschaerts valve gear and the air smoothed casing removed in the 1950s are further examples (10 survived) Andywebby (talk) 23:04, 6 May 2009 (UTC)

 * A further thought - the supply of locos from the yard has enabled some projects to go ahead to recreate otherwise extinct locomotive classes. Two examples: GW Hall Class 'Maindy Hall' is being converted into a GW Saint Class loco 'Lady of Legend', and, as it lacks a tender, BR Standard Class 2 2-6-0 78059 is to be used in a project to recreate a Class 2 2-6-2 tank locomotive, no 84030 (the next available number in the original series). Andywebby (talk) 22:51, 4 February 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Woodham Brothers. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090727093828/http://woodhambrosltd.co.uk/ to http://woodhambrosltd.co.uk/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:38, 1 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Woodham Brothers


text:
User:PamD/List of National Commissions

This list includes National Commissions which have articles in Wikipedia, and which have titles of the form "National Commission on/of/for...", "[Country or topic] National Commission on/of/for", "National [topic term] Commission", etc. It is unlikely ever to be quite complete, as new items are added to the encyclopedia regularly. It includes both commissions established for a short term project, and those which are long-term bodies; it also includes former names of bodies which have changed their names.

This list only includes entities which include the words "National" and "Commission" in their official title.

title: User:PamD/List of National Commissions


text:
scongiurare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to beg or implore
 * 2) to avert or avoid
 * 3) to head off or prevent
 * 4)  to send away (evil forces, spirits, etc.)

title: scongiurare


text:
Talk:How To Search/Library of Congress

This search entry is very incomplete at the moment. liblamb 16:05, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:How To Search/Library of Congress


text:
Reaktor/Synthesis

Synthesis techniques available in Reaktor

 * Subtractive Synthesis
 * Frequency Modulation Synthesis (FM)
 * Additive Synthesis
 * Wavetable Synthesis
 * Granular Synthesis
 * Physical Modelling
 * Amplitude Modulation

Synthesis techniques NOT available in Reaktor

 * Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)

Books on Synthesis

 * The Csound Book Whilst this book is about a competing product, the free and text based csound program it does contain a huge amount of information on various types of synthesis. Check the reviews on amazon to see if it's appropriate for you.

title: Reaktor/Synthesis


text:
Siri

Etymology 1
From, a variant of , whence also English.

Proper noun

 * 1)  A speech recognition and intelligent personal assistant application developed by Apple Inc for its iOS operating system.
 * 1)  A speech recognition and intelligent personal assistant application developed by Apple Inc for its iOS operating system.

Etymology 2
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) A highly endangered Chadic language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria.

title: Siri


text:
User:AzazeltiT (Titlezaza)/sandbox

Sandbox

 * Asia's Got Talent The Greatest

 * Countries by subregion

 * TV

Simple Version

 * Eurovision Song Contest 2010

Eurovision Song Contest (2004 rule)

 * Eurovision Song Contest 2012 (2004 rule)
 * Eurovision Song Contest 2013 (2004 rule)

 * My result on fan-contest

Africa

 * Own Africavision Song Contest 1
 * Own Africavision Song Contest 2
 * Own Africavision Song Contest 3

America

 * Own Americavision Song Contest 7
 * Own Americavision Song Contest 8
 * Own Americavision Song Contest 9
 * Own Americavision Song Contest 10
 * Own Americavision Song Contest 11

Asia

 * Own Asiavision Song Contest 21
 * Own Asiavision Song Contest 22
 * Own Asiavision Song Contest 23
 * Own Asiavision Song Contest 24
 * Own Asiavision Song Contest 25
 * Own Asiavision Song Contest 26

Europe

 * Own Eurovision Song Contest 53
 * Own Eurovision Song Contest 54

title: User:AzazeltiT (Titlezaza)/sandbox


text:
Category talk:English drummers

Dear friends of the drums in the UK: Don't you know the great drummer Phil Seaman? I'm very disappointed!--Woffie 15:18, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Re Phil Seamen
Unfortunately Britain has always had a short memory as far as (her) best musicians are concerned - the list is interminable. But to forget Phil is unforgiveable. Note correct spelling. Can't work out how to enter page so someone else will have to do it.

title: Category talk:English drummers


text:
Python Programming/Dictionaries

A dictionary in Python is a collection of unordered values accessed by key rather than by index. The keys have to be hashable: integers, floating point numbers, strings, tuples, and, frozensets are hashable. Lists, dictionaries, and sets other than frozensets are not hashable. Dictionaries were available as early as in Python 1.4.

Overview
Dictionaries in Python at a glance:

Dictionary notation
Dictionaries may be created directly or converted from sequences. Dictionaries are enclosed in curly braces, {}

Also, dictionaries can be easily created by zipping two sequences.

Operations on Dictionaries
The operations on dictionaries are somewhat unique. Slicing is not supported, since the items have no intrinsic order.

Combining two Dictionaries
You can combine two dictionaries by using the update method of the primary dictionary. Note that the update method will merge existing elements if they conflict.

Exercises
Write a program that:
 * 1) Asks the user for a string, then creates the following dictionary. The values are the letters in the string, with the corresponding key being the place in the string. https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/datastructures.html#looping-techniques
 * 2) Replaces the entry whose key is the integer 3, with the value "Pie".
 * 3) Asks the user for a string of digits, then prints out the values corresponding to those digits.

title: Python Programming/Dictionaries


text:
Saving Mr. Wu

Saving Mr. Wu,, previously known as The Strongest Competitor , is a 2015 Chinese action crime thriller film directed by Ding Sheng and starring Andy Lau, Liu Ye, Wu Ruofu and Wang Qianyuan. The film was based on a true abduction case where cast member Wu Ruofu was the victim.

Plot
Ruthless criminal Zhang Hua (Wang Qianyuan) and his gang impersonate as police officers to abduct wealthy businessmen. Setting a trap outside a Beijing karaoke club, they hit the jackpot with Hong Kong film star Mr Wu (Andy Lau), forcing him into their car on the pretext of being investigated for a hit-and-run.

In the Beijing suburbs, Wu is bound, gagged and beaten into compliance by Zhang's men. Then Wu is made to witness the execution of Xiao Dou (Cai Lu), Zhang's last abducted victim, who failed to have his ransom paid within 24 hours. Wu steps in to save him, promising to pay both men's ransoms.

To ensure he is not delivered as a corpse, Wu makes a call to his old friend Mr. Su (Lam Suet) and asks him to ensure that he is alive before delivering RMB3 million. Wu's calm, intelligence and dignity in the face of death earns Zhang's respect. Zhang leaves for the city in morning, instructing his gang to kill both victims at 9pm if they do not hear from him.

Meanwhile, police vice captain Xing Feng (Liu Ye) and captain Cao Gang (Wu Ruofu) have formed an anti-kidnap task force. After a series of tip-offs, they detain Zhang when he leaves the apartment of his mistress, Chenchen (Vivien Li). But Zhang refuses to give up Wu's location without a pardon. As 9pm approaches, the police stage a final desperate rescue attempt based on an unreliable tip as the kidnapping gang, fearing they'll be Zhang's next victims, decides to kill the hostages before the deadline. The police break into the house as the gang is strangling the hostages, narrowly saving both Wu and Dou.

Cast

 * Andy Lau as Mr. Wu (吾先生), a Hong Kong film star and the abducted victim
 * Liu Ye as Xing Feng (邢峰), a police vice-captain
 * Wu Ruofu as Cao Gang (曹剛), a police captain
 * Wang Qianyuan as Zhang Hua (張華), leader of the abductors
 * Lam Suet as Mr. Su (蘇先生), a friend of Mr. Wu
 * Zhao Xiaoyue as Zhang Yi (張總), a police commander
 * Vivien Li as Chenchen (陳晨), Zhang Hua's girlfriend
 * Cai Lu as Xiao Dou (小竇), another victim abducted by Zhang Hua
 * Yu Ailei as Cang (倉哥), an abductor
 * Ma Sichun (cameo)

Production
Production of Saving Mr. Wu was kept at a low profile and was first revealed when actor Liu Ye wrote in his Sina Weibo account that he was working on a film with Andy Lau. In early January 2015, location shots were being filmed in Sanlitun, Beijing. On 26 January, location shoots were done at Pinggu District where Lau was spotted by reporters and fans. On 9 February, it was announced that production of the film had officially wrapped up.

Release
On 8 February 2015, the teaser poster of the film was unveiled at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival. In May 2015, another teaser poster was unveiled 68th Cannes Film Festival displaying an international release date of October 2015.

Box office
As of 27 October 2015, the film has grossed a total of US$31,212,702 worldwide, combining its box office gross from China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, North America and Singapore.

title: Saving Mr. Wu


text:
Talk:בשלושה דברים אדם ניכר בכוסו בכיסו ובכעסו

Quotes
Moved from the article page, as they're not really quotations for this Hebrew proverb; I'm not sure whether and how we can use them:

 * 1) *2001, Ben Zion Bokser, The Wisdom of the Talmud, Citadel Press, ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>, page 157,
 * Pretense, they explained, will disappearin situations involving money matters, in moments of anger, or by the way a man takes his liquor. As R. Ilai tersely phrased it: "You can recognize a person's real character by his wine cup (koso), his purse (kiso) and his anger (kaaso)."
 * 1) *2006 July 30, avneron[at]gmail.com, "the true mel gibson" blog entry in the blog biased opinions,
 * gibson said in his PR "...I have battled with the disease of alcoholism for all of my adult life and profoundly regret my horrific relapse. I apologize for any behavior unbecoming of me in my inebriated state and have already taken necessary steps to ensure my return to health." blaming the "disease of alcoholism" is really pathetic (but this is a topic for another post). there is a saying in the Talmud that a person is known according to his behavior in three situations: kiso (his pocket, how a person acts when his own money is concerned), koso (his glass, his behavior under the influence of alcohol) and ka'aso (his anger, how the person behaves when he is angry).". I believe there is a lot of truth to this statement
 * 1) *2006 December 21, Giora Drachsler<EMAIL_ADDRESS>"Incredible must-see video on Zionism", message-ID<EMAIL_ADDRESS>soc.culture.jewish.moderated, Usenet,
 * Now if that's not a personal attack, I don't know what the word means. We here say: "Adam nikar be'koso, kiso ve'kaaso" (would an Anglophone translate it correctly). Your outrage only proves that I was right.

—Ruakh TALK 03:49, 28 October 2007 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Game of Change/GA1

GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''

Reviewer: HickoryOughtShirt?4 (talk · contribs) 03:53, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

 * 1) It is reasonably well written.
 * a (prose, spelling, and grammar): b (MoS for lead, layout, word choice, fiction, and lists):
 * 1) It is factually accurate and verifiable.
 * a (reference section): b (citations to reliable sources):  c (OR):  d (copyvio and plagiarism):
 * 1) It is broad in its coverage.
 * a (major aspects): b (focused):
 * 1) It follows the neutral point of view policy.
 * Fair representation without bias:
 * 1) It is stable.
 * No edit wars, etc.:
 * 1) It is illustrated by images and other media, where possible and appropriate.
 * a (images are tagged and non-free content have fair use rationales): b (appropriate use with suitable captions):
 * 1) Overall: Pass
 * Pass/Fail:
 * 1) It is illustrated by images and other media, where possible and appropriate.
 * a (images are tagged and non-free content have fair use rationales): b (appropriate use with suitable captions):
 * 1) Overall: Pass
 * Pass/Fail:
 * 1) Overall: Pass
 * Pass/Fail:

Lead

 * Maybe WL segregationists
 * ✅ – Iago Qnsi (User talk:IagoQnsi) 18:01, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Wl Bye (sports)
 * ✅ – Iago Qnsi (User talk:IagoQnsi) 18:01, 30 August 2020 (UTC)

Background

 * The first time you mention Ramblers (out of lead) is in the second paragraph. Should probably be mentioned earlier
 * ✅ – Iago Qnsi (User talk:IagoQnsi) 18:01, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I would mention On February 18, Loyola was awarded one of eleven at-large bids for the tournament before the February 28 incident
 * The Feb 28 incident was less of a singularly-important event, and more like an example of what they were facing all season. But I see how the lack of chronological order is confusing when I only touch on the discrimination aspect so briefly. I think I'm going to split the discrimination bit into its own paragraph and add more details of other incidents. I will try to add that shortly... – Iago Qnsi (User talk:IagoQnsi) 18:01, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Kind of odd how the Dean W. Colvard sentence is by itself. Please either merge it or expand on it to preferably three-four sentences.
 * ✅ Good point. I've now added two sentences about the large volume of letters Colvard was receiving prior to his decision. – Iago Qnsi (User talk:IagoQnsi) 18:01, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Why is reference 13 used twice for quotes? It can just be placed at the end of the second quote
 * ✅ – Iago Qnsi (User talk:IagoQnsi) 18:01, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Please see Manual of Style/Words to watch. Don't love the use of In any event.
 * ✅ Changed to Regardless of why, it is clear... – Iago Qnsi (User talk:IagoQnsi) 18:01, 30 August 2020 (UTC)

Game summary

 * Why is reference 22 used twice for quotes? It can just be placed at the end of the second quote.
 * ✅ – Iago Qnsi (User talk:IagoQnsi) 18:01, 30 August 2020 (UTC)

Aftermath

 * Illinois is already WL above
 * ✅ – Iago Qnsi (User talk:IagoQnsi) 18:01, 30 August 2020 (UTC)

Legacy

 * Boxscore reference (#27) is not needed since the info is already stated in reference #26
 * ❌ Reference #27 is not strictly needed, but I wanted to include it because it provides a lot more information about the game, whereas the first reference only describes the game very briefly. – Iago Qnsi (User talk:IagoQnsi) 18:01, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
 * How can reference 28 be used to verify a fact for an event that happened after it was published?
 * I've dug up an archive link for that citation if you'd like to see for yourself. Apparently the list of inductees was announced prior to the actual induction ceremony. – Iago Qnsi (User talk:IagoQnsi) 18:01, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Are two references needed to verify The team was also inducted into the Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame on September 18, 2013?
 * ✅; removed one – Iago Qnsi (User talk:IagoQnsi) 18:01, 30 August 2020 (UTC)

Discussion
Hi HickoryOughtShirt?4; thanks for taking the time to review this! I've made most of the changes you listed, and responded inline where I haven't changed them. Cheers, Iago Qnsi  (User talk:IagoQnsi) 18:01, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Thank you so much, I agree with all of your notes (including why you didn't change some things). Once the in progress incident is fixed I can pass this. HickoryOughtShirt?4 (talk) 18:15, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Okay, I think the Loyola background is good to go now. I've added info about another incident, and restructured the second and third paragraphs a bit so that there's basically one paragraph about racial issues and one about basketball performance. Let me know what you think! Thanks, Iago Qnsi  (User talk:IagoQnsi) 19:56, 30 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Game of Change/GA1