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Cheri Honkala

Cheri Lynn Honkala (born January 12, 1963) is an American anti-poverty advocate, co-founder of the Kensington Welfare Rights Union (KWRU) and co-founder and National Coordinator of the Poor People's Economic Human Rights Campaign, also called the Poor People’s Army. She has been a noted advocate for human rights in the United States and internationally. She is the mother of actor Mark Webber.

She was featured prominently in the 1997 book Myth of the Welfare Queen by Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist David Zucchino. In 2011, Honkala was the Green Party candidate for Sheriff of Philadelphia, running on the promise of refusing to evict families from their homes. She was the Green Party's nominee for vice-president in the 2012 U.S. presidential election.

Early life
Cheri Honkala was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1963. Her father, Maynard Duane Honkala, was of Finnish ancestry, and her mother self-identified as having Cheyenne ancestry. She grew up watching her mother suffer from domestic violence. Honkala's mother quietly endured this abuse for fear of losing her children. Honkala was removed from the household and spent most of her youth incarcerated in a total of nine youth detention facilities.

When Honkala was 17, her 19-year-old brother Mark, who suffered from mental health issues, died by suicide. Because he was uninsured, he could not afford to get the professional help he needed. At the time of Mark's suicide, Honkala was already a mother (with a son, Mark, named after her brother), living out of her car and going to high school. Despite her difficult upbringing, she managed to graduate.

After living in an apartment in Minnesota, Honkala and her young son were forced to move out and live out of their white Camaro. She and her son became homeless after the Camaro was demolished by a drunk driver. Honkala could not find a shelter that would allow them to remain together that winter. To stay together and keep from freezing, Honkala decided to move into an abandoned Housing and Urban Development (HUD) home. She would later comment, "I chose to live, and I chose to keep my son alive." She called a press conference, in which she said, "This is me, this is my nine-year-old son, and we're not leaving until somebody can tell us where we can live and not freeze to death."

Work as organizer
For the past 25 years, Honkala has been a leading advocate for the poor and homeless in America. While still living in Minnesota, she formed the Twin Cities anti-poverty groups "Women, Work and Welfare" and "Up and Out of Poverty Now." In Philadelphia, she co-founded the Kensington Welfare Rights Union (KWRU) and the Poor People's Economic Human Rights Campaign (PPEHRC). She has organized numerous protests, holding marches, demonstrations and setting up tent cities, in the course of which activities she claims to have been arrested for civil disobedience violations more than 200 times. She is known internationally for her work advocating for the rights of poor people in the United States, and has received recognition in numerous publications for her role in bringing attention to issues such as homelessness and home foreclosures and has been called "the protester's protester." Currently based in Philadelphia, she has devoted most of her attention to the rise in home evictions among lower income families.

Kensington Welfare Rights Union
After moving to Philadelphia with her son in the late 1980s, in 1991 Honkala co-founded KWRU, the Kensington Welfare Rights Union, named after the Kensington area in northern Philadelphia, where Honkala lived. She called KWRU a "Philadelphia based interracial organization of welfare recipients and other poor people." In the winter of 1993, when homeless shelters were full, the organization took over an abandoned Catholic Church to use as a shelter. In late 1994, KWRU broke into and took over vacant HUD homes destined for low-income housing and subsidized rent, although all the inhabitants (which included Honkala herself) were eligible for the housing program under the rules. They chose to ignore the bureaucracy and its delays, particularly the paperwork, paying rent into an escrow account to avoid trespassing charges. This became known as the Underground Railroad Project.

From that time, the volunteers of the organization regularly (and illegally) took over HUD homes to provide accommodations for homeless families. To provide a support system to these families, the organization set up what they called an "'Underground Railroad,' a network of other poor people, students, social workers, doctors and lawyers." Said Honkala: "Stealing slaves out of captivity was against the law ... But it was right. Sometimes the law is wrong. Sometimes you have to appeal to a higher authority."

In the spring of 1994, the Quaker Lace factory (a manufacturer of lace tablecloths) in the Kensington area of Philadelphia burned down, leaving an empty lot. The following summer, Honkala and KWRU constructed a large tent city on the site. Because Philadelphia authorities could not produce documentation establishing who owned the property, it was unable to evict the residents. (Eventually, they were driven out by flooding.) This very public action resulted in a substantial increase in donations to KWRU.

In September 1995, while the tent city was still standing, Honkala staged a protest by camping out for 36 hours, with others from the tent city, on Independence Mall within sight of the Liberty Bell, to make the plight of Philadelphia's homeless visible to residents and tourists next to one of the city's most famous landmarks. Although she argued that she and the others were merely exercising their right to free speech and had not hurt the park, she was cited and later tried for "residing in a park area." She was sentenced to six months' probation and fined $250. In July 1997, she was involved with the Liberty Bell once more, when she led a group on the "March for Our Lives" from the Bell to the United Nations building in New York to protest so-called welfare reform as a violation of the human rights of the poor. This action led directly to the formation of the Poor People's Economic Human Rights Campaign (PPEHRC).

In October 1996, Honkala, with KWRU, staged a sit-in on the floor of the rotunda of Harrisburg's capitol building. The organization created a makeshift "city" that it dubbed "Ridgeville" after Republican Governor Tom Ridge, who had slashed social service benefits. Part of the purpose of the protests was to point out to the homeless the opulence of Gov. Ridge's lifestyle, including the governor's mansion, supported at state expense. The protest was supported by legislators opposed to the cuts, who bought meals for the protesters.

In April 1997, Honkala was arrested on a charge of "defiant trespassing" for attempting to build shacks for homeless families in Philadelphia on an empty industrial lot, though at the time, the shelter system was full and people were living on the streets.

The organization's leaders maintained that "some U.S. laws, such as the Welfare Reform Act of 1996, which limits the amount of time a family can receive federal assistance, violate Articles 23, 25 and 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Those articles guarantee, respectively, the right to work for a living wage under humane conditions; the right to adequate food, housing, medical care and social security; and the right to education."

Starting in June 1998, KWRU led the New Freedom Bus Tour, which traveled across the country, gathering stories of human rights violations to present as a petition to the United Nations. "Under the banner 'Freedom from Unemployment, Hunger and Homelessness,' the KWRU team collected additional evidence on the [negative] impact of [welfare reform] and held educational sessions teaching the poor about their economic rights." (A second such bus tour was organized by the PPEHRC in November–December 2002, which traveled to 27 cities to record human rights violations.)

Poor People's Economic Human Rights Campaign
In the late 1990s, Honkala started another nonprofit, the Poor People's Economic Human Rights Campaign, of which she became National Coordinator. The PPEHRC represents "a network of over 40 poor people's organizations from across the U.S." One commentator has written that the campaign "is the only [national] movement to come out of welfare reform that has been organized by poor people, and not their advocates."

This organization was formed in direct response to the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 (also known as the Welfare Reform Act), signed into law by Democratic President Bill Clinton, which she and her allies claim hurts recipients of welfare. The organization's mission statement reads, "The Poor People's Economic Human Rights Campaign is committed to uniting the poor across color lines as the leadership base for a broad movement to abolish poverty. We work to accomplish this through advancing economic human rights as named in the universal declaration of human rights — such as the rights to food, housing, health, education, communication and a living wage job."

Part of the purpose of the organization is to make homelessness and the homeless visible, in order to force politicians to act. Honkala claims that the latter prefer that the homeless remain invisible, so they won't have to address the problem. In a speech, Honkala said: "That's what [the authorities] are saying [to you]: 'Go hide! Go be under a bridge, or ... hide under a bench, and we won't arrest you, we won't do anything to you, because you will be quiet!'" As Honkala declared, "When you have nothing, you still have your voice."

In October 1999, PPEHRC organized a month-long March of the Americas, from Washington, DC, to the United Nations in New York. Participants in the march included low-income families from the US, Canada and Latin America. The group "marched 15 miles a day for 32 days, sleeping in tent cities, churches and community centers at night, and holding press conferences and protests in local communities."

In July 2000, a PPEHRC march for the opening day of the Republican Party's National Convention in Philadelphia drew 10,000 homeless and poor people from around the country. (Of the several protest marches during that convention, this was the only one denied a permit by city authorities.)

In November 2000, at the historic Riverside Church in Manhattan in New York City, the PPEHRC held a "Poor People's World Summit to End Poverty," consisting of several hundred activists from some 30 countries, to share "experiences and [work] to build an international movement for economic human rights drawing explicitly on international treaties."

On July 4, 2003, Philadelphia held a celebration for the opening of the National Constitution Center, a new facility housing the Liberty Bell. Poor and homeless families from the city held a peaceful protest to demand their economic rights. "As the demonstrators marched toward Constitution Center single-file, carrying their own mattresses and led by children, park rangers, federal guards, and city police formed lines to prevent the families from approaching. Singing 'We Shall Not Be Moved,' the demonstrators locked arms and refused to leave the sidewalk. Protest leaders Honkala and Galen Tyler had prepared a 'Declaration of Economic Human Rights' to present at the Center. As they moved toward the Center, police moved to stop them, threw them to the ground, handcuffed them, and placed them under arrest ... Honkala was charged with one first-degree felony and four other felony counts. Police officers claimed that Honkala had struck one of them in the chest. However, a video taken at the time clearly shows Honkala carrying a mattress and being struck by the officer ... all the charges were subsequently withdrawn by the District Attorney's office."

In August 2004, Honkala marched with the PPEHRC in New York City (without a permit) to protest President Bush and the Republican National Convention (RNC) and to publicly call for greater attention by the government to the needs of the poor and homeless.

2011 campaign for Sheriff of Philadelphia
In early 2011, Honkala announced her run for Sheriff of Philadelphia on a "No Evictions" platform, with a campaign slogan of "Keeping families in their homes and protecting the 'hood." When asked why she accepted the Green Party's invitation to run, Honkala said: "I've been involved in too many fights in my life where I thought I was separate from the machine and the corporate money, only to find out later on that I was being used as a pawn for the Democratic Party ... [The Green Party] has a strict policy of no corporate money, which I liked."

As a publicity stunt, Honkala during the campaign rode a horse down Allegheny Avenue in Philadelphia while wearing a white hat resembling a Stetson, in imitation of the image of a Wild West sheriff. During her campaign, Honkala addressed the Occupy Wall Street encampment at Zuccotti Park in Manhattan to express solidarity with the group's anti-foreclosure aims and to ask for help in "occupying Philadelphia" on election day.

She finished in third place with over 10,000 votes.

Nomination
On July 11, 2012, Jill Stein, then the presumptive nominee of the Green Party for president in the 2012 U.S. presidential election, announced that she had selected Honkala as her vice-presidential running mate. Said Stein: "My running mate has been on the front lines fighting for the American poor, taking on the banks, taking on foreclosures, standing up for children most at risk."

Stein and Honkala were officially nominated by the Green Party at its national convention in Baltimore on Saturday, July 14.

Political activism during campaign
On August 1, 2012, Honkala was arrested along with Stein and three others during a sit-in at a Philadelphia bank to protest housing foreclosures by Fannie Mae, on behalf of several city residents struggling to keep their homes. The event began as a PPEHRC protest involving Honkala which Stein, after the former became her running mate, decided to join. The organization demanded that the mortgage company halt foreclosure proceedings against two Philadelphia residents. Fannie Mae executive Zach Oppenheimer had previously promised in writing to meet with the two women at the center of the controversy to negotiate a solution, but no such meeting ever took place. The protestors entered the Fannie Mae building and vowed to stay until Mr. Oppenheimer kept his word. Two lower-level officials met with the group, but when no resolution was obtained, most of the protesters exited the building, leaving only the core group, including Honkala, to be subject to arrest. They were charged with "defiant trespassing" and released the following day.

John Nichols, a commentator for The Nation magazine, compared the position of the Green Party candidates on this issue to the anti-banking rhetoric of President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the New Deal.

She visited the PPEHRC encampment in Tampa, Florida, nicknamed "Romneyville," and strongly supported its plan to protest the 2012 Republican National Convention in that city, beginning on the convention's opening day in August.

On October 16, 2012, Honkala and Stein were arrested after they tried to enter the site of the second presidential debate at Hofstra University.

Policy positions
Stein and Honkala ran on a platform they call the Green New Deal, "an emergency four-part program of specific solutions for moving America quickly out of crisis into the secure green future." The program's name is inspired by Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal in the Depression era.

The four pillars of the Green New Deal, "the central platform of the Stein/Honkala ticket" are:
 * 1) An Economic Bill Of Rights – a) a Full Employment Program that will create 25 million jobs by implementing a nationally funded, but locally controlled direct employment initiative, replacing unemployment offices with local employment offices; b) defense of worker's rights including the right to a living wage, to a safe workplace, to fair trade, and to organize a union at work without fear of firing or reprisal; c) the right to quality health care which will be achieved through a single-payer Medicare-for-All program; d) the right to a tuition-free, quality, federally funded, local controlled public education system from pre-school through college, and forgiveness of current student loan debt; e) the right to decent affordable housing, including an immediate halt to all foreclosures and evictions; f) the right to accessible and affordable utilities; g) the right to fair taxation that's distributed in proportion to ability to pay.
 * 2) A Green Transition – a) investment in green business by providing grants and low-interest loans to grow green businesses and cooperatives; b) investment in green research by redirecting research funds from fossil fuels and other dead-end industries toward research in wind, solar and geothermal; c) the creation of green jobs by enacting the Full Employment Program which will directly provide 16 million jobs in sustainable energy and energy efficiency.
 * 3) Real Financial Reform – a) relief of the debt overhang holding back the economy by reducing homeowner and student debt burdens; b) democratization of monetary policy to bring about public control of the money supply and credit creation; c) a policy of breaking up oversized banks that are "too big to fail"; d) termination of taxpayer-funded bailouts for banks, insurers, and other financial companies; e) the regulation of all financial derivatives; f) the restoration of the separation of depository commercial banks from speculative investment banks, as was the case under the Glass-Steagall Act; g) a 90% tax on bonuses for bailed out bankers; and h) support for the formation of federal, state, and municipal public-owned banks that function as non-profit utilities.
 * 4) A Functioning Democracy – a) the revocation of corporate personhood by amending our Constitution to make clear that corporations are not persons and money is not speech; b) the protect of our right to vote by supporting the proposed "Right to Vote Amendment"; c) the enactment of the Voter Bill of Rights; d) the commissioning of a thorough review of federal preemption law; e) the creation of a Corporation for Economic Democracy, f) the strengthening of media democracy by expanding federal support for locally owned broadcast media and local print media; g) the protection of our personal liberty and freedoms by, among other things, revoking the Patriot Act; h) a dramatic scaling back of the military–industrial complex.

Campaign goals
The Stein–Honkala campaign set two immediate goals: to get its candidates on the ballots of as many states as possible before election day (November 6) and to make itself eligible to participate in the televised presidential debates, to take place in October. According to the rules of the Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD), the nonprofit organization that sponsors and produces the presidential and vice-presidential debates, to qualify for a place in the debates the Green Party's presidential slate must a) appear on a sufficient number of state ballots to make it theoretically possible for its candidates to receive enough electoral votes to win the election, and b) receive an average of 15% support from respondents in five selected national polls. The CPD's selection criteria have often been criticized as prohibitively restrictive.

2016 Democratic National Convention
Honkala planned a novel political protest called a "fart-in" to be staged at the 2016 Democratic National Convention, held in Philadelphia, "to greet the rhetorical flatulence of Hillary Clinton with the real thing". Just prior to the protest, Honkala hosted a "massive bean supper" for Sanders supporters in her home.

2017 Pennsylvania House of Representatives campaign
On January 31, 2017, Honkala announced she was running for the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in the March 21 special election to replace Leslie Acosta, who was the second state representative for the 197th legislative district to resign on federal fraud charges. She was considered to have more name recognition than her Republican and Democratic opponents. Honkala ran as a write-in candidate against Republican Lucinda Little; there was no Democrat on the ballot in the heavily Democratic district.

Honkala was endorsed by many progressives and organizations including Our Revolution, Progress for All, environmental activist Josh Fox, progressive entertainers Rosario Dawson and Tom Morello, former Director Emeritus of Philaposh (a labor organization) Jim Moran, former Philadelphia Health Commissioner Walter Tsou, the PEOPLE Committee of the AFSCME District Council 47, Philadelphia Neighborhood Networks, the Philadelphia chapter of Socialist Alternative, and other local clergy and leaders.

In March 2017, Honkala lost to Democratic write-in Emilio Vazquez. However, this election went under investigation by the Philadelphia District Attorney's Office and the Pennsylvania Attorney General. Honkala, alongside the Green Party of Pennsylvania, Lucinda Little (the Republican candidate), and the State and City Republican parties filed a lawsuit in United States District Court against Emilio Vazquez, the Philadelphia Democratic Committee, Philadelphia City Commissioners, PA Secretary of State Cortes, and the State's Bureau of Commissions, Elections, and Legislation. The lawsuit alleges widespread election fraud and voter intimidation on the part of Vazquez and the Philadelphia Democratic Committee, and failure to properly supervise the elections for the other defendants.

Claims in the federal lawsuit include electioneering inside the polling place, money exchange between Democratic poll workers and election officials, a ballot box being at Vazquez's "victory" party, tables set up outside by Democratic poll works made to look like voter sign-in tables, election workers asking people who they are voting for, Democratic ward leaders handling the voting machines, Vazquez meeting with election officials on election day inside of the polling place, and other claims. Despite the investigation, Vazquez was officially sworn in as a member of the Pennsylvania state House of Representatives on April 5, 2017.

Criticism
Honkala has been a controversial figure throughout her career as a protester and organizer. Feather O. Houstoun, a former secretary of the (Pennsylvania) State Department of Public Welfare, said "She has not been working, rolling up her sleeves on issues like Community Legal Services does. She has never availed herself [of] that opportunity, while other groups have." John Kromer, a former director of the city's office of Housing and Community Development, faxed a five-page letter to KWRU, in which he claimed that the group was actually preventing its poor followers from obtaining housing through its tactic of breaking into vacant homes, rather than utilizing established organizations. He wrote: "No good can come of an organization-building strategy, which is based on misleading poor people or preventing them from obtaining access to available assistance and support." Honkala admits that the group failed to rehabilitate any of the homes illegally taken, but asserts that the group was instrumental in helping 500 formerly homeless people find housing through existing programs. Honkala added: "I get criticized on a regular basis for not being a team player. But I have no qualms about holding a protest tomorrow at anybody's offices if they are denying anybody the basic necessities of life. You're not supposed to do that in Philadelphia."

She has been criticized for her confrontational tactics in dealing with the authorities. Author David Zucchino described Honkala's behavior at the first Liberty Bell protest as follows:

"Cheri loved to make people uncomfortable ... She wanted people to squirm and recoil when they saw poor people. She was convinced that America sought desperately to keep its poor out of sight so as not to be reminded of the social policies she believed exacerbated poverty. If the country was going to turn its back on the poor, she was not going to let anyone feel ambivalent about it. She would assault people with her high-pitched nasal voice—in public demonstrations, in confrontations with elected officials, in media interviews, and in front of a ragged tent on Independence Mall."

During the church takeover incident, William Parshall, the deputy city managing director, known as the Philadelphia "housing czar," was asked whether Honkala's in-your-face tactics "made his job difficult." Parshall replied that he was far more concerned with such pending problems as national and state welfare cuts. He added, "The question is, what are we going to do about it? That's the question Cheri should be asking."

Zucchino in his book details many confrontations between Honkala and the authorities, but also instances in which she reached a mutually satisfactory compromise with them. For example, during the first Liberty Bell protest, she negotiated successfully with park authorities to leave the site without the necessity of admitting guilt or of enduring mass arrests.

Honkala in the media
Honkala and her activities on behalf of the poor have been profiled many times in various media.

In print and photography
Honkala was one of two women profiled in Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist David Zucchino's book, The Myth of the Welfare Queen (1999). According to one review, Honkala, as depicted in the book, "helps create a tent city to protest welfare cuts, joins the occupation of an abandoned church and the takeover by protesters of empty houses owned by HUD. She tirelessly seeks publicity for her cause, battles with bureaucrats, and rallies and comforts fellow protesters."

She was the subject of Chapter 6, "Using Economic Human Rights in the Movement to End Poverty: The Kensington Welfare Rights Union and the Poor People's Economic Human Right Campaign" by Mary Bricker-Jenkins, Carrie Young and Honkala, in the book Challenges in Human Rights: A Social Work Perspective, edited by Elizabeth Reichert (2007). She was also briefly profiled in Katherine Martin's book Women of Courage: Inspiring Stories from the Women who Lived Them (1999).

Since the mid-1990s Honkala has been extensively documented by photographer Harvey Finkle. A YouTube video was created consisting of many of Finkle's photos of Honkala and of other poor people. She also wrote the introduction to Finkle's book of photographs of the urban poor, Urban Nomads: A Poor People's Movement (1997). One of the last photos taken by the late photographer Richard Avedon (1923–2004) was a portrait of Honkala for the series Democracy 2004, which appeared in an October 2004 issue of The New Yorker magazine.

Interviews and articles on Honkala have appeared in numerous print and online publications, including The Village Voice, The Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia Weekly, Yes! magazine, Salon, Truthdig and The Nation.

On video
Honkala has been repeatedly and prominently featured in the work of documentary filmmakers Peter Kinoy and Pamela Yates, the latter a co-director of the award-winning film When the Mountains Tremble. Their work with Honkala has included Takeover (1990), a film, financed by Bruce Springsteen (during the making of which they first met Honkala), "about homeless women that was planned as the first in a series on 'heroes of the new American depression;'" Poverty Outlaw (1997), the story of a homeless woman "who must break the law to survive" and which tells the story of the birth and growth of the KWRU; Outriders (1999), about the New Freedom Bus Tour; and The Battle for Broad (2000), about KWRU's and PPEHRC's march during the Republican National Convention in 2000 in Philadelphia. (Living Broke in Broke Times is a compilation film condensing Takeover, Poverty Outlaw and Outriders.)

In the 1990s, the Television Trust for the Environment, as part of its "Life" series, broadcast on BBC World News a short documentary on Honkala and the KWRU called The Philadelphia Story. In the profile, Honkala talks about gated communities and her complex feelings about the state of the country.

The independent film, August in the Empire State, directed by Keefe Murren and Gabriel Rhodes, profiles several persons during the 2004 Republican National Convention, including Honkala, who is depicted leading her PPEHRC march against the RNC. In the film, Honkala discusses her commitment to the principle of Gandhian nonviolent resistance.

In February 2008, on its flagship public affairs program, People & Power, Al Jazeera English ran a video profile of Honkala entitled "Homeless Hero," depicting a campaign by the Nashville Homeless Power Project, which had invited Honkala to that city to organize "the first major homeless action in the history of Tennessee." The video shows the construction of an encampment to confront Nashville's mayor, during his budget address, with the issue of homelessness. (The mayor never appeared.)

On September 7, 2012, Honkala was a guest of Bill Moyers for the program Moyers & Company, "Challenging Power, Changing Politics", along with her Green Party Presidential running mate, Jill Stein, and Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders.

Honors and awards
Honkala has been the recipient of numerous honors and awards:
 * Philadelphia Magazine – list of the 100 Most Powerful Philadelphians
 * Philadelphia Weekly – "Woman of the Year" (1997)
 * Ms. Magazine – Woman of the Year (2001)
 * Bread and Roses Human Rights Award
 * Pennsylvania Association of Social Workers' Public Citizen of the Year
 * Front Line Defenders (The International Foundation for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders), a Dublin-based human rights organization, named her one of the "12 most endangered" activists in America
 * Mother Jones magazine – Hellraiser of the Month (April 2005)

In addition, the organization Honkala co-founded, the Kensington Welfare Rights Union, was a 1999 co-winner (with Dr. Juan Garcés) of the prestigious Letelier-Moffitt Human Rights Award, given by the Institute for Policy Studies.

In January 2004, Honkala was invited to speak at the annual World Social Forum (WSF) in Mumbai, India on the subject of the "War against the Homeless." In 2006, Honkala again addressed the WSF, this time in Caracas, Venezuela, to discuss poverty and homelessness in the United States, information that many of her listeners do not often receive from mainstream U.S. media sources.

Personal life
Honkala in 1990 married a Philadelphia-based union official, Bob Brown, whom she had met at a convention the previous year. They divorced not long afterwards.

Honkala is the mother of the actor and director Mark Webber (born 1980). Webber has supported his mother's causes in a number of ways, including holding benefit events, such as art auctions, on her behalf.

Honkala is also the mother of Guillermo Santos (born 2002).

title: Cheri Honkala


text:
Talk:John Nissen

Untitled
Please make sure to include sources. Willshepherdson 00:57, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Forecasts need to be brought up to date
There is a reference to a forecast that arctic ice may disappear as soon as 2012. Perhaps this could be moved out a few years to say 2014 or maybe 2015? The situation could be reviewed than and adjusted accordingly.

It may be simpler to simply remove the "as soon as" part of the forecast and just stick with the longer term forecast which is known to be true with more certainty. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:12, 28 April 2013 (UTC)

Scientist?
Having searched Google Scholar, the only academic publication by John Nissen seems to be a paper delivered at the AGU conference in 2011. Mr Nissen may have a degree in the natural sciences, but I am presuming that this is an undergraduate degree. On this basis, I think it is potentially misleading to call him a scientist. Does he hold any further relevant qualifications? I am happy to call him a science graduate, but scientist implies a level of public academic recognition that I don't think is apparent in this case. EthicsEdinburgh (talk) 05:07, 31 January 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:John Nissen


text:
Rendlesham

Rendlesham is a village and civil parish near Woodbridge, Suffolk, United Kingdom. It was a royal centre of authority for the king of the East Angles. The proximity of the Sutton Hoo ship burial may indicate a connection between Sutton Hoo and the East Anglian royal house, the Wuffingas. The king of Essex, Swithhelm (son of Seaxbald) who reigned from 660 to around 664, was baptised at Rendlesham by Bishop Cedd with King Æthelwold of East Anglia acting as his godfather. He died around the time of the great plague of 664 and may have been buried at the palace of Rendlesham.

An archaeology project has identified a large settlement of more than 124 acres (50 hectares).

Its name is recorded in Old English about 730 AD as Rendlæsham, which may mean "Homestead belonging to [a man named] Rendel", or it may come from a theorized Old English word *rendel = "little shore".

The Church of St Gregory the Great in Rendlesham is a Grade I listed medieval church. Rendlesham Hall, a large manor house, was demolished in 1949.

Rendlesham Forest, owned by Forestry England, is a 1500 ha mixed woodland with recreation facilities for walkers, cyclists and campers. It is part of the Sandlings Forest Site of Special Scientific Interest. The Rendlesham Forest incident was a series of reported sightings of unexplained pulsing lights off the coast of Orford Ness in December 1980.

During the summer of 2012, scenes of the movie Fast & Furious 6 were filmed on the former RAF Bentwaters airfield.

Governance
An East Suffolk electoral ward called Rendlesham & Orford exists. The former Rendlesham ward included Campsea Ashe and at the 2011 Census had a total population of 3,388.

Notable residents

 * Æthelwold of East Anglia Anglo-Saxon King of East Anglia who reigned between c. 654–664
 * William Wheatcroft (by 1517 – 1558?), Member of Parliament for Ipswich in 1558
 * Leonard Mawe (c. 1552 – 1629), Bishop of Bath and Wells and a Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge and Trinity College, Cambridge.
 * Laurence Echard (c. 1670–1730), historian and clergyman
 * Anne Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton (1720–1771), aristocrat
 * Peter Thellusson, 1st Baron Rendlesham (1761–1808), merchant, banker, and politician. He served as Member of Parliament for Midhurst, Malmesbury, Castle Rising, and Bossiney.
 * Frederick Thellusson, 4th Baron Rendlesham (1798–1852), Member of Parliament for East Suffolk
 * Frederick Thellusson, 5th Baron Rendlesham (1840–1911), Member of Parliament for East Suffolk
 * Edith Austin (1867–1953), professional tennis player
 * Michael Bunbury (1946- ), businessman and chairman of the Council of the Duchy of Lancaster

title: Rendlesham


text:
School:Education/Becoming a teacher

Introduction
If someone has ever given information to someone else, then they are a teacher. In other words, everyone is a teacher. But most societies have schools that are considered official, and have some type of accreditation to qualify the school as being official. If you want to teach for one of these schools, you will need to fulfill certain requirements.

Wikiversity
Teaching at Wikiversity does not require any credentialing, anyone may teach here. But this does not mean that there are not requirements of teachers on Wikiversity.

Anyone teaching on Wikiversity should:

 * Be willing to have the information they share be for the good of the world, and not wish to claim any of it as intellectual property. All written information posted on Wikiversity is released under the GNU Free Documentation License

 * Be willing to collaborate. Wikiversity's strength is that all material posted can be edited by any user.  So all teachers on Wikiversity need to be willing to have their information changed.

 * Prove their information in the marketplace of ideas. As with other WikiMedia projects, such as Wikipedia, ideas that potentially may not be agreed upon by all participants should be discussed in the discussion pages.  Having a degree or credential does not give anyone any more or less say upon an idea.  All ideas must have their accuracy proven.

New South Wales
To become a teacher in NSW you must hold an appropriate bachelor degree from a tertiary institution. I completed a Bachelor of Education, though you can complete a 1 year Diploma of education, if you already hold a graduate degree in another field.

To teach in the state system, you will need to apply to the Dept of Education and Training. If you are in your final year of an education degree, they will usually come to you and give you a short interview. Once accepted, you will not need to apply again, as you will register to apply for positions in certain districts or schools and be placed on a waiting list for the next available position. To teach in the private or independent sector, you will need to apply directly to the schools. I believe the system has changed for the state schools, and one can apply directly to the school for a full-time position.

For all teachers who haven't held a position before term four 2004, you will be considered new scheme teachers, and have to apply for accreditation from the NSW Institute of Teachers. There are requirements you will need to meet as well as an annual fee.

Canada
In the Canadian system of higher education, teachers are generally selected for entry into a bachelor's degree in Education, whether at the primary, or intermediate/secondary level following their graduation from a four-year undergraduate degree; for example, a Bachelor of Science, or a Bachelor of Arts.

The Canadian education system relies heavily on the use of so-called "teachables" that are obtained throughout the progress of the undergraduate degree. Requirements vary from province to province, but most people who have completed an undergraduate degree with a major and minor in teachable areas will be certified to teach those classes. For example, a Bachelor of Science in Biology with a minor in Chemistry might lend itself toward teacher certification post Bachelor of Education Intermediate/Secondary, and a career teaching (most likely high school) biology, or chemistry.

In certain areas of the country, exceptions are often made regarding what certifications are actually required for various teaching paths. For example, someone who can perform well on a Canadian Government administered French Language Proficiency test might be allowed to take over a French class. Other examples exist and, as is certainly understandable, necessity for teachers breeds such exceptions.

Primary and Secondary teachers face similar degrees, however, with primary B.Ed. programs, there is a focus on areas of cognitive development that are more relevant to early childhood, as opposed to adolescence in the intermediate/secondary categories. Furthermore, courses in developmental psychology are usually required for primary school candidates.

After the B.Ed., most teachers (if they directly exited high school, and entered directly into University without interruption) will be aged 23 and up. Teacher certification must then be sought through the various educational authorities in the various provinces, as this is a provincial responsibility in Canada. Requirements are similar, but do indeed vary by province.

England
If you want to be a primary teacher, the most common route is a three or four year undergraduate specialist degree. Alternatively, you can do a degree in a subject followed by a one-year Post Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE). Competition is high for primary teacher education courses, you will improve your chances if your subject is one that is taught on the National Curriculum.

For secondary teachers there are several possible routes to becoming a teacher. The most common route is a first degree in a subject related to the National Curriculum followed by the one-year Post Graduate Certificate in Education. It is still possible to take an undergraduate degree, three or four years, but these are declining. Most PGCE courses attract a student bursary, paid by the government, although some subject do not qualify for this.

Another option is an employment-based route, the most common of these is the one-year Graduate Teacher Programme. To be eligible for this you need to have a degree in a subject related to the National Curriculum and find a school willing to employ and train you. You then work at the school, for which you are paid, whilst undergoing training. The training varies from school to school, in some it is very good whilst in others it is minimal. This is a demanding option but does offer an income whilst training.

Whichever route you take, in order to become a teacher you are required to meet the Standards for Qualifying to Teach, which are set out by the Training and Development Agency (TDA). At the end of your period of training, if you meet the Standards, you gain Qualified Teacher Status (QTS) and are allocated a teacher number by the General Teaching Council for England (GTCE), which you will need in order to be employed by a state school. In your first year of teaching, which is known as your induction year, you are a Newly-Qualified Teacher (NQT). At the end of the year you again have to meet the Standards for NQTs before you gain full teacher status.

United States of America
Teaching in the US isn't as straight-forward as in many other countries that have a single Department of Education structure. In the US, every state has different standards for certification. It is highly suggested that if you are looking to teach in the US, to contact the individual state's Department of Education in order to obtain the requirements for licensure. Typically, the requirements center around a 4 year Bachelor's degree in Education/Content or a Bachelor's degree in Content plus a Master's degree in teaching.

California
For California Public High Schools and Adult Education programs the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing is the body that regulates who can become a teacher. Further, the Western Association of Schools and Colleges Accrediting Commission for Schools is the organization that actually accredits High Schools and Adult Education programs.

Vocational Education
How to Become a Vocational Teacher

title: School:Education/Becoming a teacher


text:
User:Nguye8cl

I am an economics and public policy and administration major at James Madison University. I grew up in northern Virginia and Washington D.C. area. Both of my parents were born in southeastern Asia so I am one of the first in my family to get a college education.

title: User:Nguye8cl


text:
UML

UML is an acronym for the Unified Modeling Language. This resource is an effort to produce a Wikiversity reference card for Object Oriented Software Design. It is shared initially by learning groups Software Engineering and Object-Oriented Programming, but may find other abstract paths that may help tie Computer Science to Linguistics.

Prerequisites
Learners of UML do not have to be Computer Scientists but a cursory knowledge of the topic is helpful.

Recommended:
 * Introduction to Programming
 * Introduction to Databases
 * Database Management Systems
 * Data structures
 * All notation of the Class Diagrams

…

Concepts
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a specification language for object modeling. It is used to create an abstract model of a complex system, (UML model) in forms that are easier to visualize by Human developers and users of that system. For Wikiversity purposes, we shall approach UML from several perspectives:
 * Linguistics - Seeing UML as a genre and lexis for a discourse community (Wikiversity) that uses and helps develop and apply software (MediaWiki).
 * Computer Science - Using UML to map complex structures, behaviors, relationships and other concepts into unified models in a holistic way. (MediaWiki, again)
 * .. other perspectives may form

The terminology
Terms are important. Usually, the Glossary appears at the end of the book, but this is a set of keywords that you might as well have a glance at. UML and the OMG that came up with it thrives on what is affectionately known as pedantic verbosity and here's a taste:

 * Structure: Actor, Attribute, Class, Component, Interface, Object, Package...

 * Behavior: Activity, Event, Message, Method, Operation, State, Use Case...

 * Relationships: Aggregation, Association, Composition, Dependancy, Generalization, Multiplicity, Cardinality, Inheritance, Role ...

Our own UML/Glossary is under construction. Consider that an assignment if you like.

A local use case
In terms of applied computer science, we have actually begun a trek into the "learn by doing" model that was here at the opening of this version of Wikiversity (English). This is the hard-to-handle Complex of a multilingual virtual university with a myriad of problems and processes that need, sometimes desperately, to be mapped into a unified whole. UML was created by the Object Oriented Software Design Community to handle such monstrous complexities. But before we can delve into the specifics of our exemplary model, we'll have to look at what the UML is and how it resolves issues.

Some Globals
The U in UML, represents logical unity in what we hope is the purest predicate form – what we want to do — unify. This logical unity must be deeply rooted in Meaning, and that meaning must be shared to become useful...

Subject and Predicate Unions are Universally understood (we hope) to be the Primary Objects when specifying, classifying, describing and illustrating our complex system from the general to the specific. UML uses some conventions at a very specific low-level – text — to describe some very general high-level Notions that the userbase accepts a a priori or pre-existing. These notions may be known sometimes only intuitively, but manifest expressly as a need for something that does not yet exist::: UML was collaboratively formed for this purpose: ''To find the permanent solution to an Age-old problem... any problem''

A few conventions
The boxes, circles, arrows, and stick men we'll get into below are meaningless without their associated text. This text must exist as unary objects (atomic in nature; succint; precise; unambiguous; whole; ...) ...complete thoughts or sentences in terms of computational linguistics. Nouns are generally capitalized; Verbs are generally italicized. Objects are generally bolded. Subjects are generally Human – personal. (Please notice the term generally — terms are nearly always uncapitalized bold text.

Note:When you see a paragraph that ends in an elipsis, stay tuned...

A bit of History
The SDL or Specification and Design Language was the precursor to UML. It evolved believe-it-or-not from a 150-year-old culture that began in the genesis of the telegraph days through the steam age into the telephone, teletype, telecommunications era and keeps on evolving...

To put this into scope, the notion of the electronic community in a raw and primative state must be imagined (since they're all deceased we presume). What the telephone and telegraph operators left us was a set of primitives that allowed us to represent wires, switches, keys, transformers, oscillators, amplifiers, components, integrators, codes, protocols, networks, banks of switches, facsimilies, ...bars of gold and even human souls as ...boxes, circles, arrows, and stick men.

Diagramatics and Visualization
UML uses diagrams to describe and visualize systems and models. As of UML 2.0, there are 13 basic diagrams:
 * 1) Class diagram
 * 2) Component diagram
 * 3) Composite structure diagram
 * 4) Deployment diagram
 * 5) Object diagram
 * 6) Package diagram
 * 7) Activity diagram
 * 8) State Machine diagram (a.k.a. State Chart)
 * 9) Use case diagram
 * 10) Collaboration (UML 1.x) or Communication diagram (UML 2.0)
 * 11) Interaction overview diagram (UML 2.0)
 * 12) Sequence diagram
 * 13) UML Timing Diagram

In time, we hope to produce some interesting diagrams here. For now, see the ones listed in the Wikipedia article.

As for our local use case, here you go:

Vector: UML -> next -> next -> next -> next -> next -> next

Visualizing the complex

 * /OSI model

UML tools
UML tools (open source or free):
 * Acceleo – Eclipse and EMF template-based system for source-code generation from UML models.
 * ArgoUML – a Java-based UML engineering tool.
 * ATL - a QVT-tool allowing to transform (among others) UML models into other models, including UML, Java, etc. ATL provides a complete open-source solution. Available from the Eclipse GMT project (Generative Modeling Tools).
 * BOUML – under GPL, written in C++/Qt
 * Dia – a GTK+/GNOME diagramming tool that also supports UML (licensed under the GNU GPL)
 * DOME - The DOmain Modeling Environment, written in Smalltalk.
 * Eclipse – with Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) and UML 2.0 (meta model without GUI) projects.
 * Fujaba – UML and Java development platform; Eclipse version available.
 * Gaphor – a GTK+/GNOME UML 2.0 modeling environment written in Python.
 * GenMyModel Online UML modeler – cloud-based, UML 2.0 with code generators written in Javascript and HTML5.
 * JUDE/Community – Object-Oriented Analysis and Design. JUDE/Community. though free to use, does not provide open source.
 * MetaUML – Textual notation for UML. Diagram-rendering based on MetaPost, suitable for LaTeX typesetting.
 * MonoUML – based on the latest Mono, GTK+ and ExpertCoder.
 * NetBeans – with NetBeans IDE 5.5 Enterprise Pack.
 * Poseidon for UML (Community Edition) – Commercial tool based on ArgoUML. A cost-free version can be used to view, create, and edit models, but the export options are not available without a rent subscription
 * StarUML – a UML/MDA platform for Microsoft Windows, licensed under a modified version of GNU GPL, mostly written in Delphi
 * Software Ideas Modeler – a universal software and data modeling platform with UML support for Microsoft Windows, free edition Standard (for non-commercial use)
 * Taylor - model-driven architecture on rails (licensed under the GNU LGPL)
 * Umbrello UML Modeller – part of KDE.
 * UML Pad – a UML modeller written in C++/wxWidgets (licensed under the GNU GPL)
 * UML Pad – a UML tool for PalmOS
 * UMLet – a Java-based UML tool (licensed under the GNU GPL)
 * Visual Paradigm SDE Community Edition - Visual Paradigm SDE integrates with all leading IDEs (Visual Studio®, Eclipse/WebSphere®, Borland JBuilder®, NetBeans/Sun™ ONE, IntelliJ IDEA™, Oracle JDeveloper, BEA WebLogic Workshop™)

See the full list including proprietary tools at wikipedia.

Object Modeling Resources

 * Object-relational databases
 * Object-Oriented Programming
 * Object Oriented Enterprise Modeling
 * Object Oriented Software Design

title: UML


text:
Cookbook talk:American Potato Salad I

Page history from Potato salad.

Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit

 * (cur) (last) . . 02:40, 29 Jan 2004 . . Gentgeen (transwikied recipe to wikibooks)
 * (cur) (last) . . 19:53, 5 Aug 2003 . . SpeakerFTD
 * (cur) (last) . . 22:41, 21 Mar 2003 . . Karen Johnson
 * (cur) (last) . . 22:30, 21 Mar 2003 . . <IP_ADDRESS>

title: Cookbook talk:American Potato Salad I


text:
stupro

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) rape

Etymology 1
From. Compare the obsolete metathetical variant, and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) rape

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1) to ravish, rape
 * 2) to defile, dishonour

title: stupro


text:
1983 Memphis State Tigers football team

The 1983 Memphis State Tigers football team represented Memphis State University (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1983 NCAA Division I-A football season. In its third and final season under head coach Rex Dockery, the team compiled a 6–4–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 274 to 205. The team played its home games at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee.

The team's statistical leaders included Danny Sparkman with 1,390 passing yards, Punkin Williams with 546 rushing yards, Derrick Crawford with 594 receiving yards, and Don Glosson with 71 points scored (29 extra points, 14 field goals).

title: 1983 Memphis State Tigers football team


text:
Mitagi-Kazmalyar

Mitagi-Kazmalyar (Митаги-Казмаляр; Митәhи-Газмалар, Mitəhi-Qazmalar) is a rural locality (a selo) in Derbentsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 1,176 as of 2010. There are 49 streets.

Geography
Mitagi-Kazmalyar is located 16 km west of Derbent (the district's administrative centre) by road. Mitagi and Mugarty are the nearest rural localities.

Nationalities
Azerbaijanis live there.

title: Mitagi-Kazmalyar


text:
César Jayme

César Jayme (18 January 1918 – 8 June 1992) was a Filipino sports shooter. He competed at four Olympic Games.

title: César Jayme


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Microshit

The result of the debate was speedy deleted (CSD A4) by User:Trevor macinnis. — Kimchi.sg | Talk 23:40, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Microshit
The article was a former speedy deletion candidate, the template was added, but i don't understand why. I changing this to a AfD. --Off! 20:32, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Speedy Delete The tag was added because it was an attack page to "disparage its subject." --TheKoG (talk|contribs) 20:35, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pointless as a disambig or a redirect. Rhobite 20:50, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete and salt the earth. Article has been deleted four times already.  -- Vary | Talk 20:58, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete as copy of previously deleted material or  .--Blue520 21:22, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete per above Bucketsofg 21:56, 20 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
C Programming/Libraries

A library in C is a collection of header files, exposed for use by other programs. The library therefore consists of an interface expressed in a  file (named the "header") and an implementation expressed in a   file. This  file might be precompiled or otherwise inaccessible, or it might be available to the programmer. (Note: Libraries may call functions in other libraries such as the Standard C or math libraries to do various tasks.)

The format of a library varies with the operating system and compiler one is using. For example, in the Unix and Linux operating systems, a library consists of one or more object files, which consist of object code that is usually the output of a compiler (if the source language is C or something similar) or an assembler (if the source language is assembly language). These object files are then turned into a library in the form of an archive by the ar archiver (a program that takes files and stores them in a bigger file without regard to compression). The filename for the library usually starts with "lib" and ends with ".a"; e.g. the libc.a file contains the Standard C library and the "libm.a" the mathematics routines, which the linker would then link in. Other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows use a ".lib" extension for libraries and an ".obj" extension for object files. Some programs in the Unix environment such as lex and yacc generate C code that can be linked with the libl and liby libraries to create an executable.

We're going to use as an example a library that contains one function: a function to parse arguments from the command line. Arguments on the command line could be by themselves:

-i

have an optional argument that is concatenated to the letter:

-ioptarg

or have the argument in a separate argv-element:

-i optarg

The library also has four declarations that it exports in addition to the function: three integers and a pointer to the optional argument. If the argument does not have an optional argument, the pointer to the optional argument will be null.

In order to parse all these types of arguments, we have written the following "getopt.c" file:

The interface would be the following "getopt.h" file:

At a minimum, a programmer has the interface file to figure out how to use a library, although, in general, the library programmer also wrote documentation on how to use the library. In the above case, the documentation should say that the provided arguments  and   both shouldn't be null pointers (or why would you be using the   function anyway?). Specifically, it typically states what each parameter is for and what return values can be expected in which conditions. Programmers that use a library, are normally not interested in the implementation of the library -- unless the implementation has a bug, in which case he would want to complain somehow.

Both the implementation of the getopts library, and programs that use the library should state, in order to refer to the corresponding interface. Now the library is "linked" to the program -- the one that contains the main function. The program may refer to dozens of interfaces.

In some cases, just placing  may appear correct but will still fail to link properly. This indicates that the library is not installed correctly, or there may be some additional configuration required. You will have to check either the compiler's documentation or library's documentation on how to resolve this issue.

What to put in header files
As a general rule, headers should contain any declarations and macro definitions (preprocessor s) to be "seen" by the other modules in a program.

Possible declarations:
 * struct, union, and enum declarations
 * typedef declarations
 * external function declarations
 * global variable declarations

In the above  example file, one function  is declared and four global variables (,  ,  , and  ) are also declared. The variables are declared with the storage class specifier  in the header file because that keyword specifies that the "real" variables are stored elsewhere (i.e. the   file) and not within the header file.

The  trick is colloquially called include guards. This is used so that if the  file were included more than once in a translation unit, the unit would only see the contents once. Alternatively,  in a header file can also be used to achieve the same thing in some compilers (  is an unportable catchall).

Linking Libraries Into Executables
Linking libraries into executables varies by operating system and compiler/linker used. In Unix, directories of linked object files can be specified with the -L option to the cc command and individual libraries are specified with the -l (small ell) option. The -lm option specifies that the libm math library should be linked in, for example.

title: C Programming/Libraries


text:
UML/Glossary

Glossary of UML terms

About this glossary
This is a "seed" for an expansive Glossary of UML terms. It is based on (but is not an attempt to replicate) the Glossary of Unified Modeling Language terms at Wikipedia.

UML Behavior

 * Activity
 * Event
 * Message
 * Method
 * Operation
 * State
 * State machine
 * Use Case

UML Relationships

 * Aggregation
 * Association
 * Cardinality
 * Composition
 * Dependancy
 * Generalization
 * Inheritance
 * Multiplicity
 * Role

UML Structure

 * Actor
 * Attribute
 * Class
 * Component
 * Documentation
 * Interface
 * Object
 * Package
 * Property

More information
See also:
 * Object Oriented Software Design
 * Topic:Object-Oriented Programming

title: UML/Glossary


text:
Kovaipudur

Kovaipudur is a large township at the foothills of the Western Ghats, located in the City of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The Regional Transport Office (RTO) of Coimbatore West (TN 99) is located at Kovaipudur. People represent this city as Little Ooty due to its cool climate and serene environment, and was set up sometime in late seventies. Today this township has about 7500 families, three arts colleges, one engineering college, a polytechnic and a handful of schools. Kovaipudur has come under the Corporation of Coimbatore and became one of the average localities in Coimbatore.

Location
Kovaipudur lies at the mouth of the Palghat Pass and at the south western fringe of the Coimbatore city, bordering the Western Ghats at the foothills of the Madukkarai range in Coimbatore and the Walayar ranges in Kerala. Kovaipudur has mainly scrub vegetation as these hills make it a rainshadow area. The mean temperature is significantly lower than Coimbatore city.

There is a police training academy, along with numerous schools and colleges. Shanti Ashram, a renowned social organization of the region. Kovaipudur has a huge playground where sports like Cricket, Football, Volleyball and lots of other sports are played everyday by school and college students and even middle aged people. There is also an integrated township with a golf course.

A small park by the name 'Semmozhi Poonga' was opened for the general public. Many people come to the park for walking.

Business Establishments
Kovaipudur is also base for several famous business establishments.

Religious places
As the large majority of the population is Hindu, there are many Hindu temples like Sri.Rukmini Satyabhama Samedha Sri.Venugopala Perumal and Sridevi Boodevi Samedha Kalyana Venkatesa Perumal temple, Nagapillayar, Kasi Visalakshi, Sundara Vinayagar, Sri Gopalaswamy, Sri Ragavendraswamy and Lord Ayyapa. In addition, there are Infant Jesus Church, IPA Faith City Church, CSI Christ Church, few other protestant churches and a masjid.

Environment
Temperatures are cooler than Coimbatore city on an average. From April to May, the SW monsoon winds pass over Malampuzha dam waters in Kerala. From June to September, the winds pass through the rain drops and over the dam waters, cooling the air like in an evaporating air cooler. From October to March, the NW monsoon winds bring rain to Kovaipudur. The breeze velocity is high due to the venturi effect of the Palghat pass.

title: Kovaipudur


text:
Baojun RC-6

The Baojun RC-6 is a crossover produced by SAIC-GM-Wuling through the Baojun brand. It combines the body shape of a liftback with the high ground clearance of 198 mm and a driving position typical of SUVs.

Overview

The RC-6 is a part of the "New Baojun" sub-category together with the RS-5 and RM-5. It made its debut at the 2019 Chengdu Motor Show.

The RC-6 come with driver assistance system developed by Bosch. To reduce driving fatigue including scenarios that involve heavy traffic, the Bosch Level-2 ADAS system covers 16 daily driving scenarios. Safety features of the RC-6 include Traffic Jam Assist, lane keeping assist, lane departure warning, intelligent cruise assist, Blind-Spot Collision-Avoidance Assist, traffic signal Warning and traffic speed assist. The advanced adaptive cruise control system on the RC-6 can be activated at a speed below 130 km/h. The combination of a 77-GHz long-range millimeter-wave radar and a multifunction high-definition camera is capable of identification of people, cars and roads. The LED headlights on the RC-6 is equipped with IHMA intelligent high and low beam switching for safety of other road users.

Powertrain
The RC-6 is powered by the same unit that powers the RM-5, a 1.5 litre turbocharged engine producing 108 kW of maximum power and 245 Nm of maximum torque. The engine is paired with a choice of a six-speed manual transmission or a virtual eight-speed continuously variable transmission (CVT).

title: Baojun RC-6


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/iicana.org

Links

 * iicana.org resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 3 additions.


text:
User:Fahad628

username : fahad628 city : ulhasnagar country : india education : bsccs skills : reading interest : painting

title: User:Fahad628


text:
Varoujan

The Armenian name Վարուժան, transliterated Varoujan (in Western Armenian), Varujan, or Varuzhan (Варужан), is both a masculine given name and a surname. It may refer to:

Varoujan
Varoujan Koroghlian (born 1987) American musician from The Apocalyptic Fist Of The Black Death
 * Varoujan Garabedian (born 1954), Syrian-Armenian activist
 * Varoujan Hakhbandian, Iranian composer and songwriter of Armenian descent
 * Varoujan Hergelian (born 1946), Archbishop, Catholicosal Vicar of the Armenian Prelature of Cyprus

Varujan

 * Daniel Varujan (1884–1915), (Taniel Varoujan in Western Armenian), Armenian poet
 * Varujan Boghosian (1926–2020), American sculptor
 * Varujan Kojian (1935–1993), American conductor
 * Varujan Vosganian (born 1958), Romanian politician, economist, essayist and poet

Varuzhan

 * Varuzhan Akobian (born 1983), Armenian-American chess grandmaster
 * Varuzhan Sukiasyan (born 1956), Armenian footballer and manager
 * Varuzhan Yepremyan (born 1959), Armenian painter

title: Varoujan


text:
Énna Mac Murchada

Énna Mac Murchada, or Enna Mac Murchada, also known as Énna mac Donnchada, and Énna mac Donnchada mic Murchada, was a twelfth-century ruler of Uí Chennselaig, Leinster, and Dublin. Énna was a member of the Meic Murchada, a branch of the Uí Chennselaig dynasty that came to power in Leinster in the person of his paternal great-grandfather. Énna himself gained power following the death of his cousin Diarmait mac Énna. Throughout much of his reign, Énna acknowledged the overlordship of Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht, although he participated in a failed revolt against the latter in 1124 before making amends. When Énna died in 1126, Toirdelbach successfully took advantage of the resulting power vacuum.

Background
Énna was a son of Donnchad mac Murchada, King of Leinster. Donnchad had two other sons: one slain in 1115, and another named Diarmait. The men were members of the Uí Chennselaig. In the 1040s, the family seized possession of the provincial kingship of Leinster in the person of the King of Uí Chennselaig, Diarmait mac Máel na mBó, Énna's paternal great-grandfather. Diarmait mac Máel na mBó eventually gained the kingship of Dublin, and further laid claim the high-kingship of Ireland itself. For over a century afterwards the royal rulers of Leinster were regularly drawn from the family. Énna and his immediate family were members of the Meic Murchada, a branch of the Uí Chennselaig descended and named after Diarmait mac Máel na mBó's son, Murchad.

In 1117, the kingship of Uí Chennselaig, Leinster, and Dublin was held by Énna's first cousin, Diarmait mac Énna. When the latter died within the year, Énna succeeded to the kingship of Uí Chennselaig, and Leinster. Unlike other recent Uí Chennselaig monarchs, Énna did not face any serious inter-dynastic opposition to his position.

Dublin

In 1118, Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht seized the kingship of Dublin, after expelling the reigning Domnall Gerrlámhach Ua Briain, King of Dublin, who appears to have seized control following Diarmait's death the year before.

At some point afterwards, Énna apparently gained the kingship himself, as he is accorded the title rí Laigen ⁊ Gall by the Annals of Ulster in an entry recording his submission to Toirdelbach in 1122. Rather than control Dublin directly himself, Toirdelbach appears to have allowed Énna to rule in Dublin as his subordinate. Although the two appear to have generally enjoyed amiable relations, the former participated in a revolt against the latter in 1124, spearheaded by Cormac Mac Cárthaigh, before relations were finally restored, as Toirdelbach travelled to Dublin and is recorded by the Annals of Tigernach to have handed the kingship over to Énna. Énna's reign in Dublin is further evidenced by the record of his gift of the estate of "Realgeallyn" to the Church of the Holy Trinity, Dublin's ecclesiastical centre.

Énna's early death in 1126 is recorded in numerous sources such as the Annals of Inisfallen, the Annals of Tigernach, the Annals of the Four Masters, and the Annals of Ulster. The Book of Leinster further reveals that he died in Wexford. His death there suggests that the Meic Murchada were patronising this Norse-Gaelic enclave, and it appears that this town and Dublin were the primary concentrations of Leinster's wealth.

Toirdelbach seized upon the power vacuum caused by Énna's demise, and the following year installed his own son, Conchobar, as King of Dublin. Toirdelbach also invaded the core territory of the Uí Chennselaig, and deposed an unnamed Meic Murchada, before installing Conchobar as king. The aforesaid Meic Murchada may well have been Máel Sechlainn mac Diarmata, a first cousin once removed of Énna. Another possibility, however, is that the unnamed Meic Murchada was Énna's aforesaid younger brother, Diarmait, an apparent rival of Máel Sechlainn.

title: Énna Mac Murchada


text:
United States sanctions against China

The United States government applies economic sanctions against certain institutions and key members of the Chinese government and its ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP), certain companies linked to the People's Liberation Army (PLA), and other affiliates that the US government has accused of aiding in human rights abuses. The US maintained embargoes against China from the inception of the People's Republic of China in 1949 until 1972. An embargo was reimposed by the US following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. From 2020 onward, the US imposed sanctions and visa restrictions against several Chinese government officials and companies, in response to the persecution of Uyghurs in China, human rights abuses in Hong Kong and Tibet, military-civil fusion, support for the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and fentanyl production.

Economic sanctions and export controls against China are administered and enforced by the US Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) and the US Department of Commerce's Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), respectively.

History
Due to concerns about national security and human rights, the United States has gradually increased sanctions against Chinese businesses and organizations. According to the United States Department of Commerce, 721 Chinese businesses, organizations, and individuals have been added to a "entity list" that restricts their ability to purchase goods from the United States.

Sanctions in the early PRC (1949–1979)
After the establishment of Communist rule in China in 1949, an embargo against the sale of military technology or infrastructure, previously levied against the Soviet Union, was expanded to include the newly established People's Republic of China. Following the onset of the Korean War, further trade restrictions were imposed. According to academic Chun Lin, the embargo resulted in increased Chinese nationalism.

The trade embargo was lifted under President Richard Nixon in 1972 right before the opening of China and establishment of official relations.

Sanctions after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
Following the Tiananmen Square massacre, the Bush Sr. administration imposed an arms embargo against the PRC after the massacre of the protesters.

Sanctions related to military support for Iran
The United States has sanctioned and prosecuted Chinese companies and individuals for providing material assistance to Iran's missile program. In 2014, the U.S. Treasury Department sanctioned Sinotech Dalian Carbon and Graphite Manufacturing Corporation for helping Iran buy parts to produce ballistic missiles. In June 2023, the U.S. Treasury Department sanctioned Zhejiang Qingji and other entities in China and Hong Kong for selling centrifuge equipment to Iran. In September 2023, six Chinese entities were sanctioned for allegedly assisting the Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industries Corporation make drones to attack oil tankers and for export to Russia's military.

Ban of Huawei and ZTE equipment
In August 2018, President Trump signed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (NDAA 2019) which banned Huawei and ZTE equipment from being used by the U.S. federal government, citing security concerns.

In addition, on 15 May 2019, the Department of Commerce added Huawei and 70 foreign subsidiaries and "affiliates" to its Entity List under the Export Administration Regulations, citing the company having been indicted for "knowingly and willfully causing the export, re-export, sale and supply, directly and indirectly, of goods, technology and services (banking and other financial services) from the United States to Iran and the government of Iran without obtaining a license from the Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC)". This restricts U.S. companies from doing business with Huawei without a government license. Various U.S.-based companies immediately froze their business with Huawei to comply with the regulation. That same year, it was determined that Huawei also provided equipment to build North Korea’s 3G network.

Currency manipulator designation
In August 2019, the United States Department of the Treasury designated China a currency manipulator, which resulted in China being excluded from U.S. government procurement contracts. The designation was withdrawn in January 2020 after China agreed to refrain from devaluing its currency to make its own goods cheaper for foreign buyers.

Sanctions under Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act
On July 9, 2020, the Trump administration imposed sanctions and visa restrictions against senior Chinese officials, including CCP Politburo member Chen Quanguo, Zhu Hailun, Wang Mingshan (王明山) and Huo Liujun (霍留军). With sanctions, they and their immediate relatives are barred from entering the US and will have US-based assets frozen. In response, the Chinese government announced sanctions against US Senators Ted Cruz, Marco Rubio, and other American officials.

Sanctions under Hong Kong Autonomy Act
In August 2020, Chief Executive Carrie Lam and ten other Hong Kong government officials were sanctioned by the United States Department of the Treasury under an executive order by President Trump for undermining Hong Kong's autonomy. The sanction is based on the Hong Kong Autonomy Act and Lam would be listed in the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List.

On December 7, 2020, pursuant to the order, the US Department of the Treasury imposed sanctions on entire 14 Vice Chairpersons of the National People's Congress of China, for "undermining Hong Kong's autonomy and restricting the freedom of expression or assembly".

Prohibition of investment in companies linked to China’s military
On November 12, 2020, President Donald Trump signed Executive Order 13959, titled "Addressing the Threat From Securities Investments That Finance Communist Chinese Military Companies". The executive order prohibits all U.S. investors (institutional and retail investors alike) from purchasing or investing in securities of companies identified by the U.S. Department of Defense as "Communist Chinese military companies." As of January 14, 2021, 44 Chinese companies were identified. Five of these companies are to be delisted by the New York Stock Exchange by March 2021. On January 13, 2021, the executive order was amended to require divestment from the companies by November 11, 2021.

Section 1260H of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 requires the US Department of Defense to release the names of all "Chinese military companies" operating directly or indirect in the United States.

Russian invasion of Ukraine
In June 2022, the United States Department of Commerce placed five Hong Kong companies on the Bureau of Industry and Security's Entity List for providing support to Russia's military. In September 2022, the Office of Foreign Assets Control sanctioned Sinno Electronics of Shenzhen for supplying a Russian military procurement network.

In January 2023, the U.S. Treasury Department sanctioned Spacety China, also known as Changsha Tianyi Space Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., for providing satellite imagery to the Wagner Group. In February 2023, the U.S. Commerce Department added AOOK Technology Ltd, Beijing Ti-Tech Science and Technology Development Co, Beijing Yunze Technology Co, and China HEAD Aerospace Technology Co to the Entity List for aiding Russia's military.

In March 2023, the U.S. Treasury Department sanctioned five Chinese companies for supplying equipment to the Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industries Corporation, which manufactures HESA Shahed 136 drones used by Russia against Ukraine.

In October 2023, the US Department of Commerce added 42 Chinese companies to the Entity List for supplying Russia with microelectronics for missile and drone guidance systems. In April 2024, the Department of Commerce sanctioned a Chinese company for supporting Russia's military through the procurement, development, and proliferation of Russian drones. In May 2024, the U.S. sanctioned 20 companies in China and Hong Kong for supplying Russia's military.

Sanctions on Chinese semiconductor industry
On October 7, 2022, the Bureau of Industry and Security of the United States Department of Commerce implemented controls related to advanced computing and semiconductor manufacturing in China. Some of these controls began immediately whereas others became effective on October 12, 2022, and October 21, 2022.

In March 2023, the U.S. Department of Commerce added 28 additional Chinese firms to the Entity List, including Inspur and Loongson, for acquiring American technology in support of the PLA. In October 2023, the Department of Commerce added Biren Technology and Moore Threads to the Entity List.

Sanctions on producers of fentanyl and drug money launderers

In April 2023, OFAC sanctioned two companies and four individuals in China, pursuant to Executive Order 14059, for supplying precursor chemicals for fentanyl production to drug cartels in Mexico. In May 2023, OFAC sanctioned an additional seven companies and six people in China for supplying equipment to cartels for fentanyl production. In June 2023, U.S. federal prosecutors announced criminal indictments of fentanyl precursor producers in China. In October 2023, OFAC sanctioned a China-based network of fentanyl manufacturers and distributors. In July 2024, OFAC sanctioned individuals in China accused of money laundering for the Sinaloa Cartel.

Sanctions related to the 2023 Chinese balloon incident
In May 2024, the U.S. Commerce Department added 37 units of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC) to the Entity List for their role in the 2023 Chinese balloon incident.

Sanctions under the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act
In May 2024, the United States Department of Homeland Security banned imports from 26 Chinese textile companies under the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act.

title: United States sanctions against China


text:
File talk:Salyut 7 & Cosmos 1686.gif

Authorship
The author and therefore the copyright holder is probable not the Federation of American Scientists, but Fraunhofer FHR (formerly FGAN) as it looks suspiciously similar to every other image that falls out of the TIRA. The image caption ("Range-doppler radar image of the Soviet space station Salyut 7 with attached Cosmos 1686 module about 16 hrs before reentry on February 7, 1991") on the FAS website, where the image was taken from, is also consistent with this hypothesis. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:32, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

title: File talk:Salyut 7 & Cosmos 1686.gif


text:
Liam O'Driscoll

William 'Liam' John Finian O'Driscoll (born 16 July 1987) is an English former first-class cricketer.

O'Driscoll was born at Gloucester in July 1987. He was educated at the Royal Grammar School Worcester, before going up to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. While studying at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University against Oxford University in The University Matches of 2007 and 2008. In addition to playing for Cambridge University, O'Driscoll also made four first-class appearances for Cambridge UCCE, making two appearances each in 2007 and 2008. He was considered to be a genuine all-rounder due to his performances on the field and also his promising TV game show career. In six first-class matches, O'Driscoll scored 138 runs at an average of 31.33 and a high score of 42, while with his right-arm medium pace bowling he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 79.28, with best figures of 2 for 67. O’Driscoll achieved cult status in the Middlesex County Cricket League in season 2020 by taking 2 hat-tricks in one week in first team fixtures against the Finchley CC and Twickenham CC. While some commentators put the extraordinary performances down to weakened opposition due to the ravages of Covid, both O’Driscoll (a junior medical doctor) and his father (a senior medical doctor) both found scientific evidence to disprove these baseless theories.

title: Liam O'Driscoll


text:
Felix Ellis

Felix Ashton Ellis (born 22 January 1990) is an Australian politician, who was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly on 17 August 2020 in a recount to fill a vacancy for the division of Braddon. A member of the Liberal Party, Ellis is a member of the Second Rockliff ministry serving as Minister for Police, Fire and Emergency Management, Skills and Training and Housing and Planning.

Early life and education
Ellis was born in Brisbane and raised in Western Australia, including in remote aboriginal communities. Ellis graduated from Hale School in 2007 before completing an apprenticeship in plumbing and gas fitting with the family business.

He moved to Tasmania in 2014 after his mother had moved there earlier, and worked as a plumber on Tasmania's West Coast.

Political career
Ellis was an unsuccessful Liberal candidate for Braddon at the 2018 Tasmanian state election, before being elected on countback caused by the resignation of Joan Rylah in August 2020.

Following the 2018 state election, there was speculation that Ellis was considering running for federal parliament however, he was ineligible for the 2018 Braddon by-election as he maintains dual Australian and Lithuanian citizenship.

Ellis was widely praised for his maiden speech which detailed his family's journey from the ruins of Lithuania following World War II, to ultimately, settling in Tasmania.

At the 2021 election, Ellis received the second highest first preference vote of all Braddon's 21 candidates, although he was unable to hold his seat on preferences. However, Ellis was re-elected in a countback following the resignation of Adam Brooks immediately after the poll.

Since his election, Ellis has been widely criticised by the Australian Greens and Bob Brown Foundation for his support of the mining and forestry industries in Tasmania. Ellis has been a vocal supporter of the Tasmanian Government's workplace protection legislation saying, "It is completely unacceptable for workers at Venture Minerals' Riley Mine to come to work to find they can't get on site because greenies are chained to the front gates and machinery."

Ellis caused a significant controversy in the final days of the 2021 election campaign when the global vegan community voiced criticism of him after he posted to social media a photo of himself eating a burger with the caption "Allergies: vegan food ...".

In September 2021, Ellis used a speech in parliament to criticise Tasmanian Greens Leader Cassy O'Connor after she claimed the Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison was part of a  'death cult', referring to his membership of a Pentecostal church. Ellis said O'Connor's comments were "a sad reflection of a creeping, hateful, anti-Christian intolerance".

Ellis voted against legislation to legalise euthanasia in March 2021, stating in an opinion editorial that "If we cannot yet create a system that cares which is free from abuse, I cannot see how we can create a system that kills which is free from abuse." Ellis was one of only six MPs to vote against the legislation.

On 28 February 2022, Ellis was promoted to Parliamentary Secretary to the Premier, and Government Whip.

Following the resignation of Jacquie Petrusma, Ellis was elevated to the Ministry on 27 July 2022. Ellis was appointed as Minister for Police, Fire and Emergency Management, Resources, and Skills, Training and Workforce Growth.

Personal life
Ellis is married to former ABC Landline journalist Margot Kelly. and they have two sons.

title: Felix Ellis


text:
Murmania

Murmania is a genus of sea slugs, aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Tergipedidae.

Species within the genus Murmania include:
 * Murmania antiqua Martynov, 2006

title: Murmania


text:
Kashiwabara Museum

Kashiwabara Museum (柏原美術館) (formerly known as Iwakuni Art Museum) is a museum of traditional Japanese art in Iwakuni, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. The museum opened in 1963. The collection includes a National Treasure sword (of the Nanboku-chō period, with an inscription in gold inlay of Tenshō 13 (1585)) and Important Cultural Property armour (haramaki, also of the Nanboku-chō period).

title: Kashiwabara Museum


text:
Talk:Ministry of Defence (Myanmar)

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 * Wai Lwin copy.jpg

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 * Wai Lwin copy.jpg

[{အမိန္႔}]
[{အတိုင္ပင္ခံဝႏ္ုႀကီးေက်ာ္တင့္ေဆြႏွင့္ျပည္ေထာင္စုတရာသူႀကီးထြန္းလြန္းဦးႏွင့္႐ွမ္းျပည္နယ္ဝန္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္ေဒါက္တာေက်ာ္ထြန္းႏွင့္ၾကည္ေရေလဗိုလ္မူးခ်ဳပ့္ကလိမ္ကက်စ္ႏွင့္USAမန္ဘာ၁၆ဦးအားႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ပံုကန္မႈ့ျဖင့္ေသဒ႑္ခ်မွတ္သည္}]⚖⚖⚖🗡🔪⚔🛡🔨⚒🛠⛏ 2400:AC40:D65:E37C:56B0:1472:872D:6ED8 (talk) 05:22, 20 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ministry of Defence (Myanmar)


text:
jacked up

Etymology
From.
 * “Wrecked, messed up” sense possibly an extension of the “under the influence of stimulants” sense

Adjective

 * 1) Hoisted, lifted off the ground, or propped up using a jack.
 * Do you want to rotate the tires while we have the car jacked up?
 * He took us for a ride in his awesome new jacked up truck.
 * 1)  Significantly increased or expanded.
 * It's hard to make ends meet with the jacked up price of gas.
 * The new jacked up triple-barrel cannons helped turn the tide of the war.
 * 1)  Under the influence of stimulants; high.
 * They were all jacked up on coke.
 * 1)  Stimulated, excited.
 * 2) * 2002 July 15, Kevin Boyce, Loud Rock, CMJ New Music Report, |most+jacked+up%22+-intitle:%22%22+-inauthor:%22%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PrCOT66SNIOjiAej4N3gDA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22more|most%20jacked%20up%22%20-intitle%3A%22%22%20-inauthor%3A%22%22&f=false page 13,
 * Late summer is going to be a fantastic time to be a metal fan and we′re more jacked-up about it than a truckload of nymphomaniacs let loose in a dildo factory.
 * 1)  Wrecked; damaged; ruined; injured.
 * That jacked up refrigerator hasn't moved from that curb in months.
 * My elbow is all jacked up from playing tennis.
 * 1)  Reprehensible; objectionable.
 * Dude, your girlfriend left you for your brother? That's jacked up.
 * 1)  Bankrupt; insolvent; ruined; done for.
 * 2)  Absent, having quit, given up, or having abandoned one's post.
 * Dude, your girlfriend left you for your brother? That's jacked up.
 * 1)  Bankrupt; insolvent; ruined; done for.
 * 2)  Absent, having quit, given up, or having abandoned one's post.

Usage notes

 * Frequently employed as a bowdlerization, or substitution, for.

Synonyms

 * ,, , ; see also Thesaurus:deteriorated, Thesaurus:broken or Thesaurus:wounded

Translations

 * German:
 * Slovak: nafúknutý

 * Slovak: dosratý, dodrbaný

title: jacked up


text:
Talk:PHP/Variables

Factual errors
The example and the text in this section is wrong. The second example will work without any errors (in any configuration, even if E_ALL is set). Instead, the result will be 4 * pi, because the interpreter will cast the string to an numeric value, which means, that every char from the beginning of the string will be threated as a numeric value until an invalid character occurs.
 * Variable conversion

Samples:

This behaviour is well documented, see PHP Manual.

 * Declaration

First, the C++ example is wrong. The string value should be double-quoted, because single-quotes have a different meaning in C. However, in C++ you would simply write something like string msg = "Stuff"; which is quite straightforward.

The second PHP example is also wrong, because the keyword "var" can only be used within PHP4 classes and not in global context. To "declare" a variable in PHP you have to assign a value, e.g. $a = 0. --The preceding unsigned comment was written by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk - contribs)
 * Thankyou for your suggestions. If you find something is wrong with the article, go ahead and fix it! Just click 'edit' at the top of the page. I'm not quite sure what you mean by the variable conversion issue - '42' * pi works perfectly and multiplies pi by 42, not 4. --Draicone (talk) 00:24, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I mean the second example, not the first one. It says, that '4string2' * pi would lead to an error or a warning, but this is wrong. Instead, PHP will cast the string like i mentioned in the first comment.

 * Comparison C++ and PHP

The comparison of PHP and C++ variable declaration (in fact, what you show is declaration plus intialization) is completely useless and misleading: In the PHP example you simply show a variable initialization, while in C++ you show a function (why??), a declaration of a variable and an assignment statement. You can't compare these two examples. The equivalent C++ code (using integral types) would be like: char* a = "Hello"; ...which is as simple and straightforward as the PHP code.

Automagically
Automagically? That's not a word! :-) --Jimmytharpe 18:07, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:PHP/Variables


text:
HMS Matilda (1794)

HMS Matilda was the French corvette Jacobine (or Jacobin), which was launched in March 1794 and which the British captured in the West Indies seven months later. Matilda served in the West Indies until 1799, capturing six small privateers. In 1799 she sailed to Woolwich where she became a hospital ship. Between 1805 and 1807 she was the flagship of Rear-Admiral Henry Stanhope. She was broken up in 1810.

Origins
Jacobine was originally named Bonheur, but received the name change before she was launched. She was built to a one-off design by Pierre Degay.

Jacobine was under the command of lieutenant de vaisseau Dalbarde from 3 April 1794 until 13 September 1794. She initially was stationed at Nantes. She then sailed from Mindin (opposite Saint-Nazaire), to Brest. From there she made a patrol in the Atlantic, returning to Brest. Her next commander was lieutenant de vaisseau Dandicolle.

Capture
HMS Ganges (1782) and HMS Montagu (1779) captured Jacobine. She was armed with twenty-four 12-pounder guns, and had a crew of 220 men; she was nine days out of Brest and had taken nothing. The capture took place on 31 October 1794, about 30 leagues west of Cape Finisterre. Ganges  and Montague were sailing to the West Indies and took Jacobine with them.

Career
The Royal Navy in July 1795 commissioned Matilda under Commander George Vaughan. (Because she was a sixth rate she would normally be a post captain's command, and Vaughan indeed received the requisite promotion in November.) In fact, Matilda was already in service by July.

Vice-Admiral Benjamin Caldwell, the commander-in-chief of the Barbados and Leeward Islands station had stationed her off Basseterre, Guadeloupe. She joined up with him at Saint-Pierre, Martinique, on 29 June with the report that the day before she had seen a French squadron of nine ships, three of them large frigates. They had chased him off, and sailed into the port.

She had also qualified to share in the proceeds of the capture of Saint Lucia in 25 May by the naval forces under Admiral Hugh Cloberry Christian and troops under Lieutenant-General Sir Ralph Abercromby.

In December Captain Captain Robert Otway replaced Vaughan. In May 1796 Captain Henry Mitford replaced Otway.

On 13 February 1797 Matilda captured a French navy schooner of two guns and 38 men. The capture took place off Barbados and Captain Mitford sent the schooner into port there.

At some point between 25 July and 5 October, Matilda detained the sloop Mary, of 104 tons (bm) and ten men, of Saint Thomas. She was sailing from Saint Thomas to Suriname. She was carrying cash and dry goods, had a crew of Frenchmen, and had false invoices.

On 14 January 1798, Mitford and Matilda arrived at English Harbour, Antigua. There Mitford arrested Thomas Pitt, Lieutenant Lord Camelford, of HMS Favourite (1794). He had shot and killed Lieutenant Charles Peterson, was in command of FRENCH CORVETTE Perdrix. Both vessels were in the harbour undergoing refit when they got into a dispute over who was the senior commander. Camelford accused Paterson of mutiny, and shot him. The two ships' companies came close to firing on each other. The subsequent court martial acquitted Camelford.

On 19 January Matilda captured the French privateer ship Ceres off Antigua. Ceres was pierced for 14 guns but only carried two. She had a crew of 45 men, and was sailing from Saint Bartholomew's to Guadeloupe to complete her fitting-out. She was carrying a cargo of pitch and tar.

Matilda was still north of Antigua when on 29 and 31 March she captured two privateers. On 29 March she captured the sloop Vautour, of 10 guns and 64 men. Then two days later, Matilda captured the brig Aigle, of 12 guns and 86 men. Matilda also captured the privateer Maria, of two guns and 24 men. She sent all three into Antigua.

The waters off Antigua continued to be productive for Matilda. On 29 June she captured Annibale, of 14 guns and 97 men. Then on 23 June Matilda captured Etoile, of six guns 53 men.

The arrival of an Admiralty Order dated 27 June 1798 confirmed the commissioning of Matilda, and the name change from Jacobine.

Matilda's last capture took place on 5 October, again off Antigua. The captured privateer was Intrepid, of 14 guns and 74 men. She was three days out of Guadeloupe and had not yet taken anything.

Matilda sailed for England and arrived at Woolwich on 15 October 1799. There she was hulked and became a hospital ship under the command of a succession of lieutenants. From December her commander was William Lanyon who served until January 1801. In May 1803, Lieutenant J. James recommissioned her. His replacement in August 1804 was Thomas D. Birchall, who served until 1807.

Between 1805 and 1807, Matilda was also the flagship for Rear-Admiral Henry Stanhope.

Fate
Matilda was broken up in 1810.

title: HMS Matilda (1794)


text:
Talk:Debbe Dunning

Untitled
Hottest Tool Girl, or Hottest Tool Girl ever? TotalTommyTerror 17:11, 16 March 2007 (UTC)
 * suspect not so much now that he's pushing 50... — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:46, 19 August 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Debbe Dunning


text:
User:Lesath~enwikibooks

Just editing some books in german, currently

Java

I like this project!

There is alway one indirection more you can think of...

title: User:Lesath~enwikibooks