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Talk:Fallout (video game)/Archive 1

No-spoiler summary
I've heard many good things about this game and consider buying it. I'd be happy if someone could write a short summary of the background story of the game, and a summary of the plot that would not include any spoilers. I suggest this summary be put before the "Storyline" section, which does have spoilers. Thanks, Tamuz (Talk) 12:20, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

 * For Fallout 1, you can read this, for Fallout 2 you can read this. Those sites are mirrors of the official websites before Interplay went bankrupt. --Voidvector 15:56, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

FIFE link removal

 * remove external link, FIFE is a game engine modelled after the Fallout game engine. There are hundreds of game engines modelled after Quake and they are not mentioned on Quake page.--Voidvector 13:43, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

I added a link to the FIFE website and it gets constantly removed here. FIFE is an open source Fallout-like engine and supports loading Fallout 1 DAT archives, Fallout 2 DAT archives, Fallout maps, Fallout gfx & Fallout sounds. I took a look at other game articles (especially RPGs, because Fallout is one). For the infinity engine games there is a seperate article and this article features a link to GemRB: see Infinity_Engine. As the Fallout engine was just used for Fallout 1 + 2 there is no Fallout engine article so IHMO the FIFE link belongs to the Fallout game article.

I took a look at the Ultima games article and there are listed all kind of open source Ultima engines even such that been registered at sourceforge for years but never released anything. So on side the Ultima article lists even Ultima engine projects that never did a release and prolly never will do any but for the Fallout article it's not allowed to link to the only Fallout-like engine in active development.

For your argument about Quake engines: the Quake article lists engine mods, see here: Quake

So finally my point is:
 * 1) FIFE is the only Fallout-like engine in active development
 * 2) It is in a stage where you can use Fallout maps, archives, gfx & sounds with it
 * 3) FIFE was created for the Fallout modders to give them a better engine to develope mods on
 * 4) Other game articles feature open source version of their engines too. You can argue that not all open source engines are listed there but the important ones are. So is FIFE important? Yes. Why? See point 1.

I would like to hear the opinion of other wiki-people how alternative game engines should be handled in game articles. If the FIFE link gets removed I guess this is a general policy. In this case all alternative game engine links should be removed. E.g. the ones from the above linked Ultima article.

MvBarracuda 10:57, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

I have repeatedly removed those links from this page and other Fallout pages, for the following reasons.

 * fifengine.de is not about the game, it is about a game engine.
 * Last I checked the engine can load Fallout art, but cannot load the game itself in full.
 * There is no useful or encylopedic information relevant to Fallout.
 * Unlike some articles mentioned in prior discussions, this article does not have a mod section (I would support the link as cite if there were a section with history of Fallout mods). Also, none of the mentioned articles are featured articles.
 * As far as I can tell, linking to fifengine.de only serves to promote the site. This statement is also supported by the fact that you are in fact on the development team of this project. (see Spam)
 * For more info see WP:EL. I will continue oppose its addition in its current form.

--Voidvector 13:43, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

 * FIFE is a game engine with Fallout support. In fact it's the only engine with Fallout asset support that is in active development. FIFE is meant to become a basis for Fallout mods and we plan to offer conversion tools to be able to convert Fallout mods into FIFE mods. So it belongs into the Fallout article IMHO as it's relevant for people who search information about Fallout.
 * The statement that it can't load the full game is quite funny. Even GemRB can't load whole Infinity engine games and let you play them through with all details. Open source is work in progress and it's quite normal that things evolve. It just means that you're not able to fully replay Fallout with FIFE ATM, and that's likely to change in the future.
 * About the useful encyclopedic information: please let me know why the Ultima article features planned Ultima open source engines that never released a single file and you consider that encyclopedic relevant; while the only engine that supports loading Fallout assets is not relevant for the Fallout article.
 * IMHO an open source version of an engine can be considered important information. If you really feel that isn't unimportant, please be fair and remove the links from other game-related articles too.
 * I'm sorry that I didn't state that I'm the project manager of FIFE; this is totally true. The link serves to promote open source software and as we're non-profit I don't really get your point. We don't make money with the engine nor with the website. In fact we even pay every month for the hosting so there is no financial reason behind adding the link. I simply added it because IMHO FIFE is as important as Exult & Pentragram for the Ultima series and GemRB for the Infinity Engine games.

--MvBarracuda 00:35, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

I know about FIFE for sometime now. I visit NMA a few times a month. I know it's current usefulness; it's more geared towards mod makers. However, that usefulness doesn't fit in the context of this article.

There are thousands of projects on sf.net with relevance to thousands of articles on WP, and there is no reason to link them as Wikipedia is not a directory for open source projects.

The reason I state that it can't load in full is because a normal person who come look for Fallout information would have no use for FIFE, only players. In fact, it is only useful to small sections of players -- modders and mod players.

The Ultima engines should be removed from their respective articles because those engines are no longer maintained and relevant. I normally remove them when I see them. I don't visit those articles because I have never played those games.

It's fairly unproductive to write paragraphs after paragraphs over whether to include one external link. When I get back to my country, I would look into Fallout mod history, see if I can include it as a section. --10:19, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

Several changes
I've made several changes to the article:

 * Removed all references to other Fallout games in the part about well-known actors (this article is about the first one).
 * Corrected a few typos and improved a few phrases.
 * Removed the Intro Sequences section. Sorry, but it wasn't encyclopedic.
 * Renamed the Influences section to Influences and References.
 * Moved a part of the Game Locations section to the Influences and References section and the rest to the Trivia section.
 * Updated the Game Locations section with details about some of the game's locations (...surprising, eh?). They are very very simple, and, if possible, I'd like someone to improve them. I will also try to, later. I know the quest descriptions probably should not be there - they're as a filler.
 * Improved the Storyline section first paragraph (hopefully) and moved the spoiler tag down.

Please contribute. Let's make of this a featured article! :D --Akhel 22:31, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Agreed, I would love to see this become a featured article. I have been editting this as much as possible. Juror 8 02:54, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks. : ) I just changed the texts of almost every game location; I got most information from The Vault wiki, but I'm not sure about how to put it on the references section. I'd be grateful if someone could help me.

 * Also, maybe we should blend the game locations section with the story section? --Akhel 02:28, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

Plan: add a section on NPCs
This would be a good way to expand the content of the article. I'd write it myself but I wouldn't know how to. Reasonable doubt1 01:31, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Formatting
At the moment this article's format and style looks very sloppy and will never advance in its class if it remains the way it is. I've read the WikiProject_Computer_and_video_games section, but it does not offer much in-depth advice on how video game articles should be formatted. Both the Fallout (computer game) and Fallout 2 articles need to be completely reformatted. I ask an experience user to reformat both articles to an easier to read, more functional format. Made of people 23:37, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I tried to do something on this matter awhile back. Editors for other CVG articles are basically copying the structure of featured articles such as FF7, StarCraft, etc. Since I don't have any knowledge about the real-life aspect of the game release (e.g. development, reception), I did not bother with the structure change. --Voidvector 03:48, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

Semi-protection requested
I've requested this article be semi-protected due to vandalism and contested edits from anonymous IPs without discussion. --ElKevbo 22:30, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

page protection?
why's this page protected I'd like to edit it as I am a fan of fallout but the page's protected Falloutfan 15:26, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I second this. I'd like to clarify some statements about the game. —The preceding unsigned comment was added circa 08:49, 13 February 2007 by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs).

 * See above section; it's only semi-protected. Sign in with an account more than a few days old, and it can be edited. Abb3w 13:53, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

Trivia section
I've massively reduced the trivia section; the remaining items should be ones that could be incorporated into this article's text without seriously distracting from it. Mango juice talk 21:01, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Black Isle Studios
Only Fallout 2 was made by Black Isle Studios. Therefore, the first game in the series should not be listed in the Black Isle Studios category. SharkD 23:28, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, it was and it wasn't... "Black Isle Studios is the role-playing division of Interplay Entertainment. Black Isle was formed in 1996 but didn't start using the name Black Isle Studios until 1998 with the release of Fallout 2." (Reference found in Black Isle Studios article.) If you look at the latest archived official Fallout website, you can clearly see a BIS logo. The linked-to BIS site also clearly claims both Fallout and Fallout 2 as their games. Really, it should be included with BIS' other games. —Grim Revenant 01:55, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

CVG Assessment
This is in regards to the request placed on the CVG Assessment page. I have rated this article as start-class, though with a little work, it can be improved to a B-class article. A few suggestions- merge the game locations section into the story. I know you can technically go most anywhere anytime, but there is a general pathline, so follow that, describing the locations as you get there in the plot. As it stands, all of the subsections of the locations section are short and stubby, and there's not much to add to them all, so they should be merged together. The trivia section should be deleted outright, there's nothign in there notable enough to be included in the article itself. Expand the reception section a bunch, it should be a major part of the article. Finally, references! You have 5, but one of them is int he trivia seciton, and is the best reference you're using. The Reception section needs references, and the Influences section needs to be referenced heavily if it's all going to stay, because right now there's nothing to prove that it isn't all just something that whoever wrote it made up. For more help, send it to Peer Review. --PresN 03:00, 29 January 2007 (UTC)
 * There is no set pathline, trust me on that. Mikael GRizzly 06:10, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Fallout 01.jpg
Image:Fallout 01.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 08:00, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Fallout 01.jpg
Image:Fallout 01.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot 05:03, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

Hardcore Fallout Fans
I believe that hardcore Fallout fans have received enough mainstream media attention to warrant a mention here or maybe even their own article. SharkD 20:05, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

Fallout voted #1
Fallout was voted the #1 RPG of all time by computer gaming world, and I would like to add this to the article. However, the only reference I have is one of their magazine issues. I have searched the web and have found no mention of this, nor any mention of any of the games that they voted #1 in each category. I was wondering if I could still add this without a web reference, since all I have is a physical one.Paladinyann 00:01, 29 July 2007 (UTC)
 * You are definitely welcome to add information sourced from print material. The exact medium of a reference doesn't matter.  Our yardsticks are verifiability and reliability.  --ElKevbo 00:43, 29 July 2007 (UTC)
 * See Citation templates for instructions on how to reference the article. SharkD 01:51, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

German Wikipedia
The German Wikipedia has an article about Fallout,too. Someone should add the link. (Fallout (Computerspiel)) --Buxbaum666 09:20, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Done. Thanks! Chris Cunningham 11:11, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

Murdering children
It is supposedly a big damn deal that you can kill kids in Fallout since that's relatively rare in electronic games. Is this worth a mention? Universaladdress 06:55, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

 * This is probably more relevant for Fallout 2 since it is the distinction between American and European version of that game. --Voidvector 16:30, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

 * That's in Fallout 1 as well (the pickpocketing kids in the Hub), and it's more important in Fallout 1 because the removal of the kids breaks a bunch of quests in the non-US versions. Chris Cunningham 19:07, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

 * There are no children in Fallout 1. The pickpocketing kids are found in Den in Fallout 2. --Buxbaum666 09:15, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

 * There ARE children present in Fallout 1 ; just not in all versions. Can't recall which version had it, but there was a "Children Patch" to the UK version bringing back children.

Also there were no PICKPOCKETING kids in The Hub. You must have thought about Fallout 2, where in The Den they actually did steal. PLANET 13:08, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

Minor Changes
I added a few links to the "See Also" section, Fallout 2, Fallout 3, and Fallout (series). Maybe only the last one is necessary, your thoughts here!! --Sakkath 06:25, 22 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm going to reorg the intro to make this unnecessary, but thanks. Chris Cunningham 22:30, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

editprotected I would like to stress, that Fallout 1 has only _200_ % maximum on the skill points scale, unlike Fallout 2, which has 300 % maximum.

There is currently no way to correct it manually (edit is blocked), so I'm posting here for someone of greater access to correct this. Thanks in advance.

User: PLANET Time: 22:53 (CET) Date: 13th September 2007 (sorry, don't know how to write it in a better way)

 * This page is semiprotected; any username more than a few days old can edit it. There is no need for administrator assistance to edit this page. — Carl (CBM · talk) 23:43, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Sure, but as a new user I wasn't aware of that. That's why I asked admin for a help, and the error was well... obvious. PLANET 22:52, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

Tagline
Should "A Post Nuclear Role Playing Game" be added to the article's title? This is the game's tagline. SharkD 18:34, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

Taglines are not part of a title. If it were a subtitle, it would be a different matter. --Mika1h (talk) 17:36, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I always thought "A Post Nuclear Role Playing Game" was the subtitle. Both the Fallout Wiki and the mirror of the original Interplay site list the game as Fallout: A Post Nuclear Role Playing Game.  From the Fallout Wiki:  "Fallout: A Post Nuclear Role Playing Game - the first game in the Fallout Series, developed and published by Interplay in 1997." Bones O'Malley (talk) 20:07, 1 January 2008 (UTC)
 * After being referred to the above two articles, I feel more confused as to what constitutes a tagline or a subtitle. In this case (and others), the "tagline" is bunched up pretty close to title (i.e., it's not placed somewhere less prominently, such as along the bottom of the box/advertisement like in Alien (film), or along the top like in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan) and uses similar formatting and presentation (e.g., is placed in a colorful box and uses a similar font) as the title, which suggests to me it might be a subtitle. I was going to mention the mirrored original website, as well. SharkD (talk) 20:14, 1 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Hmm, I have always somehow considered "out of universe" lines like Riven: The Sequel to Myst or the title in question to be taglines. I have no sources to back this up, so I could be entirely wrong. --Mika1h (talk) 23:27, 3 January 2008 (UTC)

Bottle caps
You don't find the fact that bottle caps being used as currency in Fallout of interest? Following a discussion elsewhere, I was surprised to find that a Wiki search on Fallout and "Bottle caps" hit the Bottle Caps entry rather than the Fallout out one. I've not played Fallout and so the Wiki article was of interest. Having a mention of the bottle caps/currency thing seemed non-trivial to me, but I'm not qualified to write on the subject. Perhaps a cut and paste of the content from the Bottle Cap page would be in order? Dave Barnett

 * I just realized bottle caps are nowhere to be mentioned, which is strange. That was one of the first things I noticed in the game, and found it quite... Interresting, actually. I put it into the article. Thanks for pointing that thing out, friend. TheVaultDweller (talk) 00:25, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Fallout 3
Someone should add in the "See Also" section Fallout 3 as it's been announced quite awhile ago. I would do it myself but it's locked.--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:56, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

Freeware
I'we heard that the game was made freeware recently (available to download via GameTap). It is mentioned in the article that the game was released in GameTap at July, 24 2008 but no other information is provided. Here is the source: http://www.gametap.com/game-events/new-games-fallout-2-stand-ofood-plus-free-fallout--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:54, 26 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Weird. Other sites are still selling it, I think. SharkD (talk) 18:14, 7 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Just being released for free doesn't make the game freeware, Gametap could have been distributing the game out of their own pocket to promote their service. Rehevkor ✉  18:25, 7 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Gametap does short term free use of games all of the time in order to promote their service and the games. Fallout has never been freeware. UncannyGarlic (talk) 05:52, 22 October 2009 (UTC)

Steam vs Other Vendors
So, its mentioned in the article when the game was republished via Valve's Steam. However, another vendor had the game up for sale again, PRIOR to Steam... yet steam gets preferential mention? You were able to buy Fallout at GOG.COM before, they also have Fallout 2 and Fallout: Tactics as well. I only think it's fair that the "little guy" get equal mention, if we are going to mention particular vendors at all. --Draeath (talk) 05:30, 4 September 2009 (UTC)
 * It should simply be replaced with mention of being available from various digital distribution vendors. That way no preference is given to any specific company and it makes it clear that it was/is available through a number of vendors.  UncannyGarlic (talk) 05:50, 22 October 2009 (UTC)

What exactly IS the point of having the released on Steam notification up there anyway, in the very first paragraph, second sentence. It doesnt fit. Blatant advertising. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:31, 12 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I wouldn't say blatant. But I have replaced with "digital download". Rehevkor ✉  03:35, 12 February 2010 (UTC)

No metion of "A boy and his dog"
Why is there no mention of the 1975 movie "A boy and his dog"? Agreed, there are more references to the movie in FO2, but the universe in is still pretty much a verbatim copy of the movie's universe, and certainly had a major influence on the world -- more so than Mad Max 2 did. —Preceding unsigned comment added by FrederikHertzum (talk • contribs) 10:37, 17 June 2010 (UTC)
 * References, please. Sir Lothar (talk) 15:12, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

RAM Requirements
How is it that the MS-DOS version requires 32MB of RAM, while the more resource hungry Windows (95?) requires 16MB of RAM? - MSTCrow 01:14, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
 * The Win95 version makes use of DirectX, and so doesn't have to implement so much of the graphics and sound infrastructure itself. It makes sense that this would reduce the memory requirements for the game itself. Win95 itself required a lot more RAM than DOS, yes (4MB minimum vs 512K minimum), as well as a generally better system, but was well worth it for many applications. —Grim Revenant 12:03, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
 * DirectX eats up RAM too. Thinking of Doom and Doom95, Doom liked 4 or 8MB of RAM, and then Doom95 liked 16MB or more.  Doom95 made heavy use of DirectX, if I remember correctly.  Both are freeware, so could test it if you wanted to.  The only thing I could think of is that the DOS graphic and sound routines were incredibly sloppy.  Having direct access to the hardware, without a virtualization layer, should decrease memory requirements. - MSTCrow 17:14, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Doom 95 was a Microsoft port, so it's maybe not the best indicator. Other than that, maybe virtual memory? ;) —Grim Revenant 12:33, 11 May 2007 (UTC)
 * The DOS version runs with 16 MB if you exit Windows 95 to the MS-DOS prompt and install the game. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:07, 29 June 2010 (UTC)

Skill Percentages
I'm pretty sure that skills in the original Fallout can actually go up to 200 "%". If I remember correctly, Chris Avellone or J.E. Sawyer said that the percentages didn't make any sense, and that they were going to be removed from Van Buren, the original Fallout 3. Whoever wrote the skills page obviously is a "Fallout" 3 player. --Mgmir (talk) 00:43, 7 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, Fallout 1 and 2 went beyond 100%. If the article does not reflect this, please feel free to change it yourself. Rehevkor ✉  02:13, 7 October 2010 (UTC)
 * ...of course giving reliable sources per Verifiability, Sir Lothar (talk) 07:37, 7 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, although right now it isn't sourced at all. Rehevkor ✉  10:24, 7 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I mean, if we don't have reliable sources for statement: "Fallout skills can actually go up to 200 %", we shouldn't (yet) put it in the article. If we have though, that's OK, Sir Lothar (talk) 07:29, 8 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Can't you just cite the game itself? SharkD   Talk  21:13, 8 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Maybe we can just reference to the game manual ? But is it consistent with Verifiability rules ? Shouldn't we put some external references like game magazines, portals etc. ? Sir Lothar (talk) 10:39, 9 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Manual would be fine afaik, it's a reliable primary source which is fine to use with care. Except in this case it doesn't state the % ranges. I checked last night. The SPS rules don't apply in this case, that's really for blogs and vanity press etc. Rehevkor ✉  11:08, 9 October 2010 (UTC)

After doing a search, I found it mentioned in the game's patch notes. SharkD  Talk  06:32, 11 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Oops, that's for Fallout 2. SharkD   Talk  06:34, 11 October 2010 (UTC)

Removal of "Recruitable NPCs" section
I am removing the "Recruitable NPCs" section because I believe it improves the article by removing the only piece that seems like it's from a gameguide. I don't see the section having any significance to anyone who isn't playing through the game. UncannyGarlic (talk) 06:45, 15 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Should have been removed long ago, good call. Eik Corell (talk) 20:02, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Skills, traits, perks, karma, but no short list of recruitable NPC's? Dloffakcs Noino (talk) 15:10, 27 June 2010 (UTC)

 * I re-added an abbreviated version of the section and limited it to two and only two examples so readers can still get a general idea. No, there's no reason to list each and every single one of them. SharkD   Talk  12:13, 18 November 2010 (UTC)

To IP user: <IP_ADDRESS>
Don't do this. SharkD has clearly stated why this section is important:. If you don't agree with him, write in discussion and explain. Keeping on reverting can only cause your block. Thanks, Sir Lothar (talk) 11:02, 18 November 2010 (UTC)

Since the IP won't engage in discussion at all what do we do? Is there room to prune those sections to better comply with the guidelines he/she originally sited? My impression was that the gameguide guideline had more to do with cheat codes and walkthroughs. I personally feel that the character development is perfectly valid in the article. Am I off base? Millahnna (talk) 08:25, 20 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Since the user isn't elaborating on their concerns on the talk page, and forces their edits through, I think it would be a good idea to take it to AN/I. Eik Corell (talk) 08:49, 20 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Fair enough. But then per AN/I instructions who do I notify (since the IP is going through a proxy to IP hop)?  Obviously anyone else who has reverted those blanking edits but as to notifying the IP I'm not sure how to handle that.  Suggestions (or better yet, someone else want to make the report)?  Millahnna (talk) 08:57, 20 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I'd say just inform the latest IP, then put a short description on AN/I: IP cites WP:GAMEGUIDE, but any attempt at debate is ignored and instead they force their edit through. But yeah, AN/I can be a pain, with all the link formats and stuff. Only way to get it done is just to get through it. It's a bit strange, one of the IPs responded on a talk page of another article, so language is no an issue here(then again, if they know about WP:GAMEGUIDE, that's a bit redundant to say). Eik Corell (talk) 09:30, 20 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I've made the entry at WP:AN/I. Eik Corell (talk) 11:40, 20 November 2010 (UTC)

Excirial's previous full protection was a sensible attempt as at that point it was kind of a two-sided edit war. But now that you two seem happy to discuss it, while the IP editor continues to edit-war without discussion; I've semi-protected the article to prevent anonymous editing for a week. Assuming the IP editor is reading this - please do discuss your changes here. ~ mazca  talk 11:42, 20 November 2010 (UTC)

THanks Mazca. OK so now I go back to the content question... I figure lets make sure we've got a consensus visible here on the talk page so that if this comes up again, we can refer back to it (or change it if that ends up being the decision). Is the material that the IP is removing overly detailed based on the gameguide guideline? I don't feel that it is for the reason sited in the initial round of reverts but I'm willing to look at the idea that we might be able to trim it down to more general information if the consensus is to do so. For example, I could see the point of someone who argued that we didn't need to go into as much detail as we do about the classes. Again, I think what we have is fine but I don't know the video game article MOS as well as I do other MOSes on Wiki. Millahnna (talk) 11:49, 20 November 2010 (UTC)
 * This is not a gameguide issue as already stated by other editors, a gameguide would be cheats or level walkthroughs etc. The character generation and levelling system is integral to the Fallout RPGs. The perks and reputation systems have a direct impact on gameplay, and the level of detail here is appropriate, readers should be given this information. There are, IMHO, too many sub-headings and like most bodies of text it could be reworded and trimmed slightly, but that's small fry and nobody is preventing anyone else from doing that. Someoneanother 13:03, 20 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks Someone another (heh). That was my understanding as well, but like I said, I don't know the video game MOS that well yet so I wasn't positive.  I figured lets get a few folks in here saying that and when/if this comes up again after the article is off protection, we'll have the record here to refer to.  Millahnna (talk) 13:29, 20 November 2010 (UTC)
 * No problem, there are times when I should do the same myself and do not, more fool me. In a lot of cases if there was that much detail of a single aspect then it would be overkill, which may be what Anon. is thinking. In this particular case though the emphasis is beneficial. Someoneanother 13:40, 20 November 2010 (UTC)

Reference material
While digging around the online print archive, I located several previews for this game, which could be used as references: In addition, there are numerous reviews for the game already in the archive, which may be viewed here. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 22:11, 24 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Computer Games Magazine First-Look
 * Computer Games Magazine Preview
 * Computer Gaming World Preview
 * Computer Gaming World coverage of GURPS issues
 * There's some (sourced) stuff in History of role-playing video games that doesn't exist here as well. SharkD   Talk  23:00, 21 November 2010 (UTC)

Origin of SPECIAL
Is SPECIAL an acronym or a backronym? This question has bothered me for a while. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:50, 18 December 2010 (UTC)
 * This isn't the right place to ask, and I don't know. Go search NMA or Duck and Cover. Muskeato 20:52, 18 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Acronym. The attributes existed first. In one of the bibles it said they originally used a different acronym, until one of the developers noticed it spelled "special" if the letters were re-organized. Probably want to double check this at NMA though. SharkD   Talk  20:25, 19 December 2010 (UTC)

Reassessment?
Should this article be reassessed to 'High' importance? It's pretty frequently cited as one of the pinnacle examples of CRPG development, and serves as the basis for recent re-imaginings of the series in the form of the new sequels. SharkD  Talk  03:59, 7 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Suppose it's not implausible - but then I'm biased. At least in terms of the VG project.. perhaps high on the alt history project is pushing it a bit. Rehevkor  ✉  04:07, 7 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Regardless, the game appears on four separate "Hall of Fame" lists. I think that's more than sufficient to elevate the article to "High" importance. SharkD   Talk  20:54, 7 February 2011 (UTC)

Fallout Trilogy
Why does it say that a citation is needed for the following line: "The game, along with its two followups, Fallout 2 and Fallout Tactics, were put together in to the Fallout Trilogy."?

Those three games are part of a 3-game set that was released somewhat recently called "Fallout Trilogy" so why do you need to cite that a well known product exists and how do you do so? TheGary (talk) 11:55, 19 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Well, linking to a press release announcing the product would at least confirm its existence. —  The Hand That Feeds You :Bite 14:04, 19 May 2011 (UTC)

The Steam release date has not been noted.
All Fallout games are now available on steam, could anyone add this date? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:19, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

First-person?
Does this game really have a first-person view mode? It says so in the box on the right (section "Mode(s)"), and Fallout 2 Wikipedia page mentions nothing about it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:07, 10 April 2012 (UTC)

No. --Niemti (talk) 18:19, 10 April 2012 (UTC)

It is only first person on the Bethesda made games.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:12, 31 January 2013 (UTC)

Introduction
Rather than "tasked to find the Water Chip to save other dwellers from water's shortage", shouldn't it be: "tasked to find the Water Chip to save other dwellers in the vault from the shortage of water"?Royalcourtier (talk) 07:06, 6 September 2014 (UTC)

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Vandalism of page.
This page seems to be a bit of a target for people with nothing better to do than write uninformitive and bland comments. I'd suggest the page be locked and the perpetrators be sentenced to retake basic high-school english...and possibly be subject to gym-class beatings.

Release date
,, could we please discuss this here instead of edit warring? could one of you explain why the Pete Hines source is not reliable? Thank you. QuestFour (talk) 21:38, 10 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Basically, the Pete Hines source is unreliable because it isn't true. Hines has no special insight into Fallout 1's release date, given that Bethesda had no input on Fallout 1. He's clearly basing his statement on the widely-publicized but incorrect release date from GameSpot, which, per the discussion I linked, was generated by a technical error during the early 2000s. Contemporaneous sources from the actual period in which Fallout 1 was released, including the source used by Buddy, show that the game was released on or around October 10. In fact, per the team's own production blog, Fallout 1 was not even finished on September 30. As a result, there's no real debate to be had here—Hines was clearly wrong, and Buddy's contemporaneous source is far more reliable. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 23:23, 10 December 2019 (UTC)

Release Date
The release date listed in the article is October 10, 1997. However, the source for this claim does not state this, it merely states that, on October 10, 1997, that Fallout is "shipping". Nowhere in the archived page does it claim that that date is the game's "release date". I would be fine with this, if not for the fact that not only does the Fallout Wiki state that the game was released on September 30, 1997, (which, I know, not a source) but on September 30, 2017, Steam offered a 20th Anniversary Sale for the Fallout franchise, where Fallout, Fallout 2, and Fallout Tactics were offered for free to anyone who snagged them on that date.

I'll be looking on the WayBack Machine for a good archived source, but can anyone help? I'm gonna leave this talk section open and if anyone else can find a good source before I do, please correct the article and let me know. I'll leave the article be for now, of course.RobotGoggles (talk) 16:21, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Ah, I see this has already been covered, nevermind.RobotGoggles (talk) 16:27, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

Copyediting comments
I'll put my clarifying questions here as I go through. Ovinus (talk) 05:42, 19 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "works from the Atomic Age" – what does this mean; the Atomic Age is a rather long long time period. Perhaps link to Atomic_Age Ovinus (talk) 05:42, 19 May 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ along with a few edits for accuracy. Lazman321 (talk) 12:50, 19 May 2022 (UTC)

 * I added "various (helpful and harmful) events", but wanted to check that for accuracy Ovinus (talk) 16:31, 19 May 2022 (UTC)
 * That is accurate. However, I am not fond of the placement of the parenthesis. I have replaced it with "various events and whether they are helpful or harmful." Lazman321 (talk) 12:53, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Agreed, thanks Ovinus (talk) 03:52, 21 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "The initial value of each skill is determined by the primary statistics" – Value... in what sense? Ovinus (talk) 16:31, 19 May 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅: The effectiveness of each skill is determined by a percentage. I have clarified this in the article. Lazman321 (talk) 12:53, 20 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "exploring the game world, visiting locations" – visiting locations is an implication of exploration. Do you mean that the player is directed to visit certain locations? Ovinus (talk) 16:31, 19 May 2022 (UTC)
 * No, not really. I mean some quests including the three required to beat the game do require the player to visit different locations than where the quest was given, but the player is mostly free to explore the game world and do whatever they want. I have removed ", visiting locations". Lazman321 (talk) 12:53, 20 May 2022 (UTC)

 * In general, I've replaced "Vault Dweller" with "player". It's less clunky and more direct. If you disagree we can discuss. Ovinus (talk) 16:31, 19 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Generally, I prefer to refer to the player character themself when discussing a game. However, I do agree that "player" is more direct and less clunky, so we can use that instead. Just don't replace "Vault Dweller" with "player" in the plot section. Lazman321 (talk) 12:53, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Will follow that guideline, thanks. However, I replaced it with "player" in one instance where the plot is chosen by the player (e.g., "called Shady Sands, which the Vault Dweller can visit". Undo if you disagree. I'm not sure about preferred style in video game articles Ovinus (talk) 19:57, 20 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "buying them using caps" What are caps?
 * ✅: Bottle caps are used as currency in Fallout. I have clarified this in the article. Lazman321 (talk) 12:53, 20 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "China invading Alaska from the United States" – Do you mean "invade" or "annex"? Ovinus (talk) 19:57, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I mean "invade". It says "China would invade Alaska" in the listed source's quote. Lazman321 (talk) 03:45, 21 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "pre-War Soviet consulate in Los Angeles" – Being super picky here... which "War" is this? World War II? Cold War? Or the fictional war? If the last then it should be lowercase Ovinus (talk) 19:57, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * The fictional war. This information isn't important anyway, so I just removed it. Lazman321 (talk) 03:45, 21 May 2022 (UTC)

 * It should be clarified in Characters that the non-chosen characters still inhabit the vault with the player Ovinus (talk) 19:57, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * ❌: No, it shouldn't. The Vault Dweller does not meet any of the pre-built characters in-game, nor does the game ever state that these characters actually exist in-game canonically. Lazman321 (talk) 03:45, 21 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Well, there's my confusion :P thanks for correcting me. Ovinus (talk) 03:51, 21 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "Official canon states that the Vault Dweller was male, but his name is unspecified." I am confused. The character you choose is the Vault Dweller, right? But shouldn't their standard name also be preserved?
 * Technically, the player can choose to give the Vault Dweller an actual name during character creation. I have clarified this in the article. Lazman321 (talk) 03:45, 21 May 2022 (UTC)

 * Also, replaced "them" with "him" in Plot. Certainly undo if you disagree
 * Who is "Urquhart" Ovinus (talk) 19:57, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * That clause isn't even that important anyway, as Urquhart is not mentioned anywhere else, so I just removed it. Feargus Urquhart was the founder of Black Isle Studios, a subdivision of Interplay Productions that developed Fallout 2. There was originally a statement in the development section about Fallout being outsourced to Urquhart's division before it was named Black Isle Studios, but it was removed by Indrian for apparently being inaccurate. Lazman321 (talk) 03:45, 21 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "Afterwards, before releasing the game, the team fixed some of the bugs present in Fallout" Relevant? (Doesn't this just mean they tested the game...) Ovinus (talk) 19:57, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅: Removed for irrelevance and insignificance. Lazman321 (talk) 03:45, 21 May 2022 (UTC)

 * In "Legacy", it states that most RPGs at the time had a Tolkien-inspired setting, and a D&D one. Which one? Or both? Ovinus (talk) 03:51, 21 May 2022 (UTC)
 * The article doesn't say (or said) that most RPGs had settings inspired by Dungeons & Dragons. It said that the gameplay of RPGs were often inspired by Dungeons & Dragons. Lazman321 (talk) 23:55, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

 * Maybe abbreviation role-playing games to RPG early on, and then use that acronym for most of the article? (Not sure of guidelines on this one) Ovinus (talk) 03:51, 21 May 2022 (UTC)
 * "there was reportedly much discussion about its "pausable real-time gameplay" thanks to its similarity with Fallout" There needs to be a bit more context on this one; why would real-time gameplay be a logical consequence of a non-real-time game? Ovinus (talk) 03:51, 21 May 2022 (UTC)
 * The source isn't clear on that. I have removed the sentence; it isn't that important anyway as I doubt Baldur's Gate was influenced by Fallout due to being developed by Interplay about the same time as Fallout. Lazman321 (talk) 23:55, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "and development started after Cain convinced Fargo to allow development for a role-playing game based on GURPS" – seems redundant with the previous clause, so I removed it, but lmk if you disagree Ovinus (talk) 00:05, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
 * "Because of the lack of resources, early development was rough and difficult" – What does Cain mean by lack of resources? Ovinus (talk) 00:05, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I have replaced "Because of the lack of resources," with "Cain considered the". This is because the "lack of resources" sentence originated from different part of the presentation, and Cain did not directly attribute the "rough development" to a "lack of resources". By "lack of resources", he probably meant a scarce team given the context. Lazman321 (talk) 23:55, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "He believed that the player should experience the game along with the player character" – I do not understand this sentence Ovinus (talk) 00:05, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅: Rewrote the statement for clarity. What the sentence was supposed to mean was that the player and player character's knowledge of the world would correlate. Lazman321 (talk) 23:55, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "The vault concept was influenced by the 1975 science fiction movie A Boy and His Dog" – Perhaps you could be a bit more specific on what the movie contained that inspired the vaults. Ovinus (talk) 00:05, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅: An underground base in the movie was what inspired the vaults. Lazman321 (talk) 23:55, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "The characters were purposely made morally ambiguous, with no clear right or wrong choice during each event. This was done so the player could take whatever choice suited them best" – This is rather confusing. How does the moral ambiguity of characters lead to moral ambiguity in choices for "events"? (Indeed, what is an event) Ovinus (talk) 00:05, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅: I have rewritten the sentence to be more accurate to the sources and clear. Lazman321 (talk) 23:55, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

 * Continuing that point: "An example of which would be the endgame encounter with the antagonist, the Master, which featured multiple solutions" This sentence is nearly meaningless unless the reader has actually played the game Ovinus (talk) 00:05, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅: I have expanded upon this statement to make it more useful for readers who haven't played the game.

 * "At one point in development, in Junktown, if the player ... a more palatable ending" Relevant? Ovinus (talk) 00:05, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅: Removed. Lazman321 (talk) 23:55, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

 * Vault Boy's parody/origins should be described a bit more; what exactly makes him a parody vs. just inspired? Ovinus (talk) 00:05, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅: Added more details to the Vault Boy's satirical nature. Lazman321 (talk) 23:55, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "although there was at least one unofficial advertisement of the game that was released in magazines" Relevant? Ovinus (talk) 00:05, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅: Removed. Lazman321 (talk) 23:55, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "According to Taylor, there was discussion among the development team about creating a demo for Fallout. The reason the demo was created and released was because "[they] just wanted people to play [their] game!" " Relevant? (What does this tell the reader, just that the team was excited? If the team hated the game and didn't want a demo, perhaps that'd be worth mentioning, but I'd hope they were excited! :P) Ovinus (talk) 00:05, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅: Removed. Lazman321 (talk) 23:55, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "greatly extending the 500-day time limit" – To how many days? Ovinus (talk) 00:05, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Actually, the FAQ source states that the 500-day time limit was removed in patch 1.1, so I have edited accordingly. Lazman321 (talk) 23:55, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "totaled just over 50,000 combined lifetime sales in the region" Date? Ovinus (talk) 00:05, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅: The statistic was by 2008. Lazman321 (talk) 23:55, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "According to Fargo, sales of Fallout ultimately reached 600,000 copies" Date? Ovinus (talk) 00:05, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅: The statistic was by 2017. Lazman321 (talk) 23:55, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

 * "orth returning to despite being outdated" Is this criticism of the game being "outdated" found in any other sources? Ovinus (talk) 00:05, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Even if it was, it's just an opinion anyway. I have replaced "being" with "perceiving the game as". Lazman321 (talk) 23:55, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

 * I suggest simply moving the references for "Fallout has also been ranked as one of the best PC games of all time by PC Gamer" and the rest of that paragraph to the greatest games of all time sentence, since they express very similar concepts. Ovinus (talk) 00:05, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
 * ❌: Being among the greatest of all time and being among the greatest of PC are two different things. Lazman321 (talk) 23:55, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

I think I'm mostly done. Hope this has been helpful, and sorry for the wall of comments! Ovinus (talk) 00:05, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your copyedit and notes. This has been quite helpful to the improvement of this article. Lazman321 (talk) 23:55, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

Reviews
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:22, 18 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Backstab #8

title: Talk:Fallout (video game)/Archive 1


text:
Talk:International System of Units/Archives/08/2019

What update is being requested?
Could you please clarify what you are asking for with ? It is not clear to me that it is not up to date in any particular respect. —Quondum 13:14, 2 July 2019 (UTC)
 * , We need the 2019 definitions. Now, the table has definitions from the 1960s. ―Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 15:30, 2 July 2019 (UTC)
 * , it already has the revised definitions, along with their historical versions. It sounds like you are suggesting a restructure, not an update: moving the history into a history section, leaving behind only the current (2019) definitions.  I would agree with such a change, but in the interim, the hatnote does not communicate this idea.  There is an aspect that is not quite up to date: the status of the base units has changed (they no longer form the basis of the definition of the SI; they have been supplanted by the seven constants in this regard).  But capturing this is more subtle and needs thought.  —Quondum 15:48, 2 July 2019 (UTC)
 * They never formed the basis of the definitions for SI, because the ampere was defined in terms of length and force. But they are used as the units to define (in a mathematical, not operational sense) derived units with special names. Jc3s5h (talk) 16:29, 2 July 2019 (UTC)
 * , It says "current" but it's not current. ―Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 16:41, 2 July 2019 (UTC)
 * , whatever the exact characterization, there seems to have been a deliberate change of emphasis, which we may choose to include; this is not particularly important though.
 * , I see four "current" definitions tagged 2019, which I assume you consider current. I see three more tagged with earlier dates because that is when these definitions were originally adopted.  However, these have effectively remained unchanged, and are thus current.  All of the "current" definitions are effectively paraphrases of the 2019 definitions, and are consequently current.  If you disagree, you'll have to be more specific.  —Quondum 17:22, 2 July 2019 (UTC)
 * , Okay. Maybe I'm just sloppy. ―Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 17:47, 2 July 2019 (UTC)
 * I think the whole lede, at least, needs to be updated. I will try to do this incrementally, because a "big bang" approach does not allow for comments by others. We need to move some stuff to the historical section, and we need to make it clear that the entire SI is now defined in terms of seven exactly-defined "arbitrary" numbers chosen to make the values of the base units equal (to the limits of current metrology) to the values that were measured based on the older definitions. It is no longer possible to "measure the speed of light". One can only measure the value provided by an experiment and compare it to the definition of the speed of light. -Arch dude (talk) 19:06, 16 August 2019 (UTC)
 * There is room for improvement in the lead, yes, so by all means, do so. On the statement that it is no longer possible to measure the speed of light, as an isolated statement this does not really make sense.  One can still measure it in terms of a realization of SI units, but what that would serve to do is to check accuracy of the measurement process.  It would be true to say that it is not possible to refine the numeric value of the speed of light in SI units because it has a defined value.  Also, one should not really say that the "entire SI" in now defined in terms of constants, because there are many other aspects to the SI than only its base units, including a strong dependence on the International System of Quantities.  —Quondum 20:26, 16 August 2019 (UTC)

Road signs
of road signs by User:DeFacto seems to be outside the scope of the article, which is about what the SI is, not about its specific applications. I think the added material would be better omitted or moved into a more specific article. —Quondum 19:18, 7 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I agree. I the section. --IngenieroLoco (talk) 20:12, 21 August 2019 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
User:Stephen2810/sandbox

Ricky Minns ("Ruddy Muddy")

Graffiti artist who creates artworks by selectively wiping dirt off dirty vans.

Ricky Minns, known as Ruddy Muddy, is a Wymondham, Norfolk van driver who draws designs on muddy and dirty vans, in a technique he describes as "graffilthy".

Subjects commemorated or referenced in his work have included Stephen Hawking, Albert Einstein, Prince Harry, Megan Markle, the Mona Lisa, Theresa May, Jeremy Corbyn, Bruce Forsyth, Ken Dodd, John Lennon, The Hulk, Take That, Corrie McKeague, Deadpool, X-wing fighter aircraft, Yoda, Bobba Fett, Frozen, Logan (Wolverine), Ed Sheeran, Lenny Henry, James Corden, Red Nose Day, Fast and Furious 8, the NHS, Alex Neil, Nick McCarthy, George Clooney, Batman, Daniel Craig, Conrad's Coastal Challenge, Bradley Lowery, Game of Thrones, Chester Bennington, Winnie-the-Pooh, Kim Kardashian and many others.

Minns started drawing on vans in about 2007. His initial reason was to obscure rude words written on the vans so that his children would not see them. His early subjects were mountain scenes, and he got more artistic as time went on. His technique started off using his finger or a tissue or cotton bud on the dirty parts of the vans but he now also uses a brush, and sprays the vans with a secret mud recipe. His partner, artist and signwriter Lynsey Cole, also known as Damsel Dragonfly, often does the lettering on his designs. Minns' work often thanks his employer, wholesale florists Flower Vision for allowing him to create the designs and he has said that their vans are his favourite medium.

Minns took A-level Art courses at Wymondham college, and later studied particle physics and Cosmology at Swansea University.

In recent years Minns has started to seek sponsorship for his work, and has raised significant sums for charities.

[1] [2] [3] [4]

[5]

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturepicturegalleries/10563424/In-pictures-Grafilthy-dirty-white-van-art-by-Rick-Minns-aka-Ruddy-Muddy.html https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-england-norfolk-49206603/ruddy-muddy-why-i-transform-white-vans-into-muddy-masterpieces https://www.edp24.co.uk/news/worstead-festival-2019-1-6185106 https://www.expressandstar.com/news/motors/2018/10/11/ford-decorates-transit-to-spread-awareness-of-mental-health/ https://www.wymondhamandattleboroughmercury.co.uk/news/norfolk-ruddy-muddy-identity-revealed-1-5235991

title: User:Stephen2810/sandbox


text:
Richard Cloward

Richard Andrew Cloward (December 25, 1926 – August 20, 2001) was an American sociologist and activist. He influenced the Strain theory of criminal behavior and the concept of anomie, and was a primary motivator for the passage of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993, commonly known as the "Motor Voter Act". He taught at Columbia University for 47 years.

Early life
Cloward was born in Rochester, New York, the son of Esther Marie (Fleming), an artist and women's rights activist, and Donald Cloward, a radical Baptist minister. Cloward served as an ensign in the United States Navy from 1944 to 1946. He received a bachelor's degree from the University of Rochester in 1949, and then a master's degree from the Columbia University School of Social Work in 1950. He then served as a first lieutenant in the U.S. Army from 1951 to 1954, and later worked as a social worker in an army prison in New Cumberland, Pennsylvania. Cloward became an assistant professor at Columbia's School of Social Work in 1954, and had visiting posts at the Hebrew University, the University of Amsterdam, the University of California, Santa Barbara and Arizona State University. He received a doctorate in sociology from Columbia University in 1958.

Together with fellow sociologist Lloyd Ohlin, Cloward wrote Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs, which rejected the prevailing premise that delinquency resulted from individual irresponsibility and argued it was caused by poverty and the lack of alternative opportunities caused by poverty, and that the conditions underlying delinquency could be resolved through social programs.

Political activities
In 1966, Cloward co-founded the National Welfare Rights Organization, which advocated federalizing Aid to Families with Dependent Children by building local welfare rolls. In 1982, he and his wife Frances Fox Piven founded "Human SERVE" (Service Employees Registration and Voter Education), which established motor-voter programs in selected states as precedents for the Motor Voter Act enacted in 1993.

Also in 1966, he and Piven published a paper in the May issue of The Nation magazine — "The Weight of the Poor: A Strategy to End Poverty", which advocated wiping out poverty by increasing demands on the federal government, leading to implementation of a guaranteed minimum income. His detractors called this the "Cloward-Piven Strategy".

title: Richard Cloward


text:
User:Sagor Kumar sr/sandbox

Beginnings
●    Allari started on Jan 21, 1999, by John Mathieu based in Bonita Springs, Florida. ●    John started the consulting firm then called Bonita Bay Consulting to provide functional, development and CNC (Configurable Network Computing) consulting for companies using JD Edwards OneWorld Software for their ERP system.

●    First customer was Wintec in San Francisco, CA

●    Ravi Madhavan joins as Partner in September 2000 while both are working on a project for Westcon in Tarrytown, NY

●    Both John and Ravi decide to focus on growing the business beyond their own individual consulting services.

Consulting Years (1999 - 2003)
●    Focus on providing consulting for JD Edwards functional, development and CNC.

●    Long-term implementation and production support contracts for Westcon, JA Webster, and subcontracting for Deloitte and Ernst & Young.

●    Bonita Bay Consulting becomes Allari Solutions, Inc. Allari is a portmanteau word combining All and Ferrari into Allari to represent a team/company where everyone is like a high-performance car accelerating forward into the future of technology.

Managed Services for CNC (2003 - 2008)
●    Small company in Miami, Air Jamaica Vacations needs operational CNC support

●    Allari Solutions decide to create one of the earliest managed services for CNC services providing small companies with JD Edwards the option to outsource the hard to find CNC skillset.

●    Added new customers for Managed Services for CNC that include Interstate Batteries, Korbel, Brooks Automation, Acme Brick, Havi and WCI Communities (Lennar)

●    Allari Solutions makes the INC5000 list of fastest growing companies for two years

Managed Services for JDE and IT (2008 - 2016)
●    Allari Solutions decides to expand Managed Services beyond CNC

●    Provides JDE functional, development, CNC and IT Management for F. Schumacher & Company based in Newark, DE, and New York, NY.

●    Helps turnaround a difficult go live by providing JDE Managed Services to Columbia Pipe Supply Company and bringing them to stability.

●    Begins providing DBA managed Services for clients using Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server databases.

●    Adds Hines, Saputo Dairy and Geneva Watch Group as clients for IT and JDE Managed Services.

IT-as-a-Service (2016 and onward)
●    Allari Solutions, Inc. becomes Allari, Inc. to improve and clarify branding to the market

●    Transitions from fixed fee Managed Services to providing IT-as-a-Service (ITaaS) with a consumption, pay as you go model providing clients with significant savings, flexibility, and elasticity to demand.

●    Started Allari Blog as a hub for IT Leaders to gain knowledge on IT Management and Technology

●    Began providing Business Intelligence and Analytics services with a focus on Microsoft BI. allowing smaller companies to gain high ROI by automating BI/Analytic reports.

●    Began providing Data Center Migration and AWS Migration Services to help clients save on infrastructure spending while achieving greater service.

●    Continues to provide ITaaS for JD Edwards adding clients Allegiant Health and Channellock.

●    Allari turns 20 in 2019

title: User:Sagor Kumar sr/sandbox


text:
Mathias Sandorf (TV series)

Mathias Sandorf is a 1979 historical adventure television series based on the Jules Verne novel of the same title. A co-production between France, Hungary, Italy and West Germany, it debuted on West Germany's ZDF on December 1979 before receiving a French broadcast the following year.

Partial cast

 * István Bujtor as Mathias Sandorf
 * Amadeus August as Étienne Bathory
 * Ivan Desny as Ladislaus Zathmary
 * Jutta Speidel as Rena Sandorf
 * Monika Peitsch as Gertrud Toronthal
 * Jacques Breuer as Pierre Bathory
 * Sissy Höfferer as Sava Toronthal
 * Marie-Christine Demarest as Clara Bathory
 * Claude Giraud as Silas Toronthal

title: Mathias Sandorf (TV series)


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User:RockMagnetist/Drafts/Energy

Missing from the page on energy:
 * Different kinds of thermodynamic energy (e.g., free energy)
 * Continuum version of energy conservation
 * Energy flux: advection of heat, Poynting vector, etc.

Problems with organization
 * Should probably cover all the physics and then move to applications in other fields

title: User:RockMagnetist/Drafts/Energy


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/requests/Margaret Bondfield

Margaret Bondfield

 * This is the archived discussion of the TFAR nomination for the article below. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/requests). Please do not modify this page.

The result was: scheduled for Today's featured article/5March 18, 201 by Brianboulton (talk) 20:00, 25 February 2015 (UTC)

Margaret Bondfield (1873–1953) was a British Labour politician, trades unionist and women's rights activist. She became the first female cabinet minister, and the first woman to be a privy counsellor, when she was appointed Minister of Labour in the Labour government of 1929–31. Bondfield was born in humble circumstances and received limited formal education. Beginning as a shopworker in Brighton and London, she was an active trades unionist and held union office from 1898. Bondfield helped to found the Women's Labour League in 1906, and was chair of the Adult Suffrage Society. She was a socialist rather than a suffragette, which divided her from some factions in the women's movement. She was first elected to parliament in 1923, and was a junior minister in the Labour government of 1924. Her term in the cabinet was overshadowed by the economic crises that beset the 1929–31 Labour ministry, and her actions in office antagonised many in the Labour Party. She left parliament in 1931, but continued in quiet  public service until shortly before her death.

 * Most recent similar article(s):
 * Main editors: Brianboulton
 * Promoted: 20 October 2014
 * Reasons for nomination: a woman, born in women's month, for women's rights, - the blurb is too ling but I would like to leave it to the author, - I hesitate to prune what divided her from the militant leadership ;)
 * Support as nominator. Gerda Arendt (talk) 17:27, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * 17 March is St Patrick's Day . I was planning to schedule an Irish-themed article on that date, if one is to be found. If not, Margaret will do as well as another. Suggestions, anyone? Brianboulton (talk) 17:39, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * It looks as though all the FA-class articles within the scope of WikiProject Ireland / Northern Ireland have run on the main page, apart from Head VI (tagged because Francis Bacon was Irish-born). Audie Murphy was Irish by descent, though - that's the closest biographical article I've found so far. Musically, you've got Loveless, and two U2-related articles, "Mothers of the Disappeared" and Zoo TV Tour. BencherliteTalk 18:10, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I have searched through the full list of available FAs, and come to much the same conclusion as you. None of these examples seem "Irish" enough to warrant showing on St Patrick's Day, and to run them might look desperate. I'm happy to leave Bondfield in the slot, for the time being. Brianboulton (talk) 23:40, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Looks good. Made some minor tweaks that shortened it just a little; you might want it longer. - Dank (push to talk) 04:20, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support. Good choice. Sarah (SV) (talk) 04:33, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment She was moved from 17 (birthday) to 16, - I moved to 18 (better after birthday than before), --Gerda Arendt (talk) 13:47, 18 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Why is that so? Brianboulton (talk) 02:16, 20 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Would you celebrate your birthday a day early? --Gerda Arendt (talk) 10:00, 20 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Depends on the circumstances, the nature of the planned celebrations, etc. If there is no other date-related claim on the 18th before I schedule, then OK, otherwise it goes back to 16th. Brianboulton (talk) 13:55, 20 February 2015 (UTC)


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Buddhist Philosophy/Esoteric Buddhism

 * Mahayana Dictum - "Emptiness is form and form is emptiness" can be expressed as a formula:

 * $$\frac{\infin=1=0}{2}$$

 * Esoteric Buddhist Schools include: Tendai, Shingon, Tantric and are the antithesis of the ../Yinyana/ and other open systems. Often based on supernatural teachings incorporating traditional beliefs (and superstitions), they nonetheless integrate some depth psychology and healing methods.

Introduction
Esoteric Buddhism is generally classified under the Great Vehicle (Mahayana) Buddhism. There are two parts to it: the Exoteric and the Esoteric Buddhism. In order for us to understand Esoteric Buddhism, we need to explore the origins as well the constituent philosophy and historical context of how the respective schools were established.

Exoteric Buddhism is based on Madhyamika ('middle way') of Nagarjuna.

Esoteric Buddhism requires the study of Exoteric Buddhism as the foundation. Esoteric Buddhism is taught to practitioners as an 'advanced' dharma.

Doctrine
The doctrine of the Esoteric (or Tantric) Buddhism is based on Mahavairocana-sutra, and Kalacakraindriya-sutra. The following may best explain the doctrine:
 * Taking the six elements as essence
 * Five Wisdom Buddhas
 * Taking the four mandalas as appearance
 * Taking the three secrets as means
 * Cause, base, final means
 * Anger and fear

Reference
Lecture delivered by Master Sheng-yen on Esoteric and Exoteric Buddhism

Article by A. P. Sinnett Esoteric Buddhism

title: Buddhist Philosophy/Esoteric Buddhism


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Capillary electrode array

The capillary electrode array (CEA) is a proposed device fabricated from a CMOS design with post-process XeF2 etching.

The most current reference for the CEA is.

Content summary
This learning project is focused on the creation of the so-called capillary electrode array device. The development of the system involves the integration of knowledge gained from various learning projects:
 * CMOS VLSI design

Goals
This learning project offers learning activities to
 * simulate the flow of liquids and molecules on the nanoscale,
 * design CMOS VLSI devices,
 * adapt biomolecules to application in Al-based CMOS processes.

This learning project is intended as research, as the CEA may not have been characterized at this point.

Concepts to learn include:
 * applications of adsorbed molecules to create mesoscale systems with coupled mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, and chemical phenomena.
 * inkjet printing systems,
 * microfabrication.

Learning materials
Learning materials and learning projects are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a link to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the main namespace) and start writing!

You should also read about the Learning model. Lessons should center on learning activities for Wikiversity participants. Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple projects. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.
 * on this page
 * under development

Texts

 * CMOS VLSI Design

Lessons

 * Lesson 1: ...

Activities

 * Activity 1.
 * etc.

Readings
Each activity has a suggested associated background reading selection.
 * Reading 1.
 * Study guide:
 * Wikipedia article: __Article Name__
 * etc.

Active participants
Active participants in this Learning Group

The Capillary Electrode Array (CEA) is a proposed device fabricated from a CMOS design with post-process XeF2 etching.

The most current reference for the CEA is.

Please see Directions for use for more information.

Learning Project Summary

 * Project code: under development
 * Suggested Prerequisites: integrated circuit design, physical chemistry
 * Topic:integrated ircuit design
 * Topic:physical chemistry
 * Time investment: weeks to months
 * Assessment suggestions: Definite goal (CEA utilization) the basis for evaluation.
 * Portal:
 * School:
 * Department:
 * Stream
 * Level:

title: Capillary electrode array


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User:Pawank.jeswani018/sandbox

Pawan k. Jeswani is born 16 nov 1998 in Thana Bula Khan his father name is Teka Chand after that He spend his life in Hyderabad for Studies after the hyd he has transferred to karachi for family reason they shift in karachi. In karachi he was doing in their he meet so many friends in karachi he has interested in acting and suddenly he was making videos and uploaded in facebook. Nowadays he has lot of crazy of In Film industry.

title: User:Pawank.jeswani018/sandbox


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User:PewLee2/sandbox

The page I will be editing is Halsey. A few edits that can be made to the article is to update it on any recent news. Halsey is currently on tour and I believe there will definitely be news coming out on her performances in the coming days.

title: User:PewLee2/sandbox


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Matiur Rehman

Matiur Rehman Ali Muhammad (1977 – 2016) was a Pakistani militant who had been identified as al-Qaeda's planning director and was the chief operational commander of Lashkar-e-Jhangvi and was closely associated with Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami. Pakistani police identified him as being involved in the kidnapping of Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl. He was designated by the Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee of the Security Council in 2011.

He was thought to have frequent contacts with Ayman al-Zawahiri and to be in contact with Rashid Rauf. It was suggested at one point that Rehman and Rauf were one and the same, but this was dismissed by officials in Britain and Pakistan. Rehman was linked by Pakistani officials with the 2006 plot to destroy aircraft using homemade "liquid explosive" devices.

In March 2006 it was reported by ABC News that Pakistani officials said Rehman was behind plans for an attack against the United States and that Pakistan had posted a 10-million rupee (about $166,000) award for his capture. According to ABC News consultant and former French defense ministry adviser Alexis Debat, Rehman was "probably Pakistan's most wanted". Debat described Rehman as "extremely dangerous because of his role as the crucial interface between the brains of al Qaeda and its muscle, which is mainly composed these days of Pakistani militants." Pakistani officials suspected Rehman of being connected to the 2 March 2006 Karachi consulate attacks and said that he had helped train Pakistani militants at al Qaeda training camps in the late 1990s.

In August 2006 ABC News erroneously reported that Matiur Rehman had been captured in Pakistan. ABC consultant Alexis Debat had warned ABC it was not true a day after the report had initially been broadcast, and ABC retracted it when it turned out that Rehman had not in fact been captured.

GlobalSecurity.org's profile of Rehman reports that US counterterrorism sources were unconvinced of his importance.

According to the United Nations Security Council, Rehman was killed in Afghanistan in 2016.

title: Matiur Rehman


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Wikijunior:South America/Suriname

Part of Wikijunior South America project

Suriname (officially the Republic of Suriname (Dutch: Republiek Suriname)), is the smallest and least populated country in South America (French Guiana is smaller but is not a country).

What is Suriname's History like?
Native Americans first moved to Suriname in 3000 BC. The largest tribes were the Arawaks, a nomadic coastal tribe that lived from hunting and fishing, and the Caribs. Other smaller tribes lived further into the country, in the rainforest.

The first Europeans who came to Suriname were Dutch traders who visited the area along with other parts of the South America's coast. In 1630, and again in 1651, the English tried to settle the area. But the two English settlements were conquered by the Dutch in the 1660s.

What is Suriname's Geography like?
Suriname is the smallest country in mainland South America.

What are Suriname's people like?
Suriname consists of Javanese who first arrived in that country during the Dutch colonial period. Indians settled in that area as laborers in a plantation and they were borrowed from the neighboring country Guyana which at that time was a British colony. African slaves were also brought to Suriname and formed a new group of people called Maroon. Several Chinese entered the country as well.

title: Wikijunior:South America/Suriname


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boyuvke

Etymology
From Russian "boy", combat, battle; hence, Yiddish "boyuvke", combat unit, commando.

e.g. The last decade of the 19th century in Babruysk was characterized by pogroms as a result of the assassination of the Russian emperor Alexander II. However, most of the attacks were repelled by self-organized Jewish armed units called boyuvkes.

Noun

 * 1) A Jewish armed self-defence unit during the first Russian revolution

title: boyuvke


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Sunniva

Etymology
From, from +.

Usage notes
Matronymics
 * son of Sunniva: Sunnivuson
 * daughter of Sunniva: Sunnivudóttir

Etymology
Old English sunne "sun" + gifu "gift". Name of a legendary ninth century saint, an Irish princess who sailed to Norway.

title: Sunniva


text:
2020–21 Legia Warsaw season

The 2020–21 Legia Warsaw season was the club's 104th season of existence, and their 84th in the top flight of Polish football.

Friendlies
In January 2021, Legia Warsaw faced Liwa FC (8–0 victory), Dynamo Kyiv (2–0 victory), FC Krasnodar (0–0 draw), Stomil Olsztyn (3–1 victory) and Legia Warsaw II (3–0 victory).

title: 2020–21 Legia Warsaw season


text:
Khadaura

Khadaura is a village located near to the deosar town, and 45 km away from the district headquarter.

Overview
Khadaura is a small village located in Deosar Tehsil of Singrauli district, Madhya Pradesh with total 371 families residing. The Khadaura village has population of 1580 of which 833 are males while 747 are females as per Population Census 2011. In Khadaura village population of children with age 0-6 is 252 which makes up 15.95% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Khadaura village is 897 which is lower than Madhya Pradesh state average of 931. Child Sex Ratio for the Khadaura as per census is 826, lower than Madhya Pradesh average of 918. Khadaura village has higher literacy rate compared to Madhya Pradesh. In 2011, literacy rate of Khadaura village was 74.85% compared to 69.32% of Madhya Pradesh. In Khadaura Male literacy stands at 88.06% while female literacy rate was 60.35%. As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Khadaura village is administrated by Sarpanch (Head of Village) who is elected representative of village.

Caste Factor
Schedule Tribe (ST) constitutes 9.24% while Schedule Caste (SC) were 6.71% of total population in Khadaura village.

Work Profile
In Khadaura village out of total population, 546 were engaged in work activities. 80.77% of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more than 6 Months) while 19.23% were involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 546 workers engaged in Main Work, 153 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 101 were Agricultural labourer.

Places to visit
Shree Ganeshji temple, Deosar Hanuman Mandir, Khadaura, Deosar and Shree Guru Nilyam (Aacharya Ramadhar Chaturvedi) Khadaura, Deosar are located here. Khadaura talab near khadaura garden, Deosar

title: Khadaura


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nordista

Adjective

 * 1)  Yankee, northern

Noun

 * 1)  Yankee, northerner

Noun

 * 1)  northerner, Yankee

title: nordista


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Marc Farry

Marc-Antoine Farry (born 3 July 1959) is a French professional golfer.

Farry was born in Paris, and started playing golf at the age of seven. He turned professional in 1979, and spent his early career as a teaching professional in Florida, United States.

Farry was a full member of the European Tour from 1989 to 2004. He has won 16 tournaments on the French domestic tour, including the 1985 and 2000 French PGA Championships, but has only one win to his name on the European Tour, the 1996 BMW International Open, which was reduced to 36 holes because of rain. His best finish on the European Tour Order of Merit was 49th in 1999.

Failed drug test
At the 2003 Open de France, the French Sports Ministry decided to conduct voluntary drug tests on some of the competitors. The top three at the end of the tournament, and another three players selected at random were tested. Farry was one of the names pulled out of the hat, along with Graeme McDowell and François Delamontagne, with Philip Golding, David Howell and Peter O'Malley also being tested as the leading finishers. While the other five provided negative tests, Farry's came back positive for prednisolone, an anti-inflammatory. It was the first positive drug test recorded on the European Tour, and reported as possibly the first by any professional golfer.

Since Farry had been prescribed the drug by his doctor as treatment for a wrist injury, and the golfing authorities had yet to formulate an anti-drugs policy, his result in the tournament was allowed to stand and no further action was taken.

European Tour wins (1)
 * Note: The 1996 BMW International Open was shortened to 36 holes due to heavy rain.

Other wins (16)
16 wins on French domestic tour including:
 * 1985 French PGA Championship
 * 2000 French PGA Championship

European Senior Tour wins (2)
European Senior Tour playoff record (0–1)

Results in major championships
Note: Farry only played in The Open Championship. {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the half-way cut

Team appearances
Amateur
 * European Amateur Team Championship (representing France): 1977
 * European Youths' Team Championship (representing France): 1978, 1979 (winners)

Professional
 * World Cup (representing France): 1987, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1999
 * Alfred Dunhill Cup (representing France): 1990, 1992, 1997, 1999
 * Europcar Cup (representing France): 1985 (winners)

title: Marc Farry


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User:Vuara/Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography

http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/cyclopedia.html

Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography

This six-volume biographical dictionary was published between 1887 and 1889 and was one of the first and most definitive works of its kind published in America. It can still be found as a reference source in many libraries throughout America, and was republished in 1968 by the Gale Research Company. Unfortunately, a large number of its biographical sketches (perhaps as many as 200 of them) are entirely fictitious (a fact which Gale did not publicize when it reprinted the work). The fictitious entries were not discovered until almost thirty years after the original publication of the volumes. Almost all the false sketches describe pre-nineteenth century European scientists who travelled to the New World to study its natural history.

Some of the false entries are more obvious in retrospect than others. For instance, the biography of Charles Henry Huon de Penanster, identified as a French botanist, almost exactly parallels the real life of Nicolas Thiery de Menonville (whose biography also appears in the Cyclopedia). The biography of Nicolas Henrion, a French scientist, reports that he arrived in South America in 1783, just as the Asiatic cholera broke out there. However, epidemic Asiatic cholera first broke out in South America only in 1835. Miguel da Fonseca e Silva Herrera, a Brazilian historian, was said to have been presented with a gold medal by the historical institute of Rio de Janeiro in 1820, even though this society was not founded until 1838.

Most of the false entries are fairly dry, but a few are more colorful, such as that of Jean Pierre de Vogué, a Flemish adventurer who apparently ended his days wandering through the Brazilian rainforest in search of the fabled "Mountain of Wealth", and the Spanish geographer Andres Vicente y Bennazar who reportedly published a map of the world clearly displaying both North and South America sixteen years before Columbus sailed to the Americas. The author (or authors) of the false entries is not known, but the motive for writing the pieces was probably financial since contributors to the Cyclopedia were paid by space, and the articles were generally checked only for form.

References: Barnhart, John Hendley. "Some Fictitious Botanists." Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 20 (September 1919): 171-81. O'Brien, Frank M. "The Wayward Encyclopedias", New Yorker, XII (May 2, 1936), pp. 71-74. Schindler, Margaret Castle. "Fictitious Biography." American Historical Review 42 (1937), pp. 680-90. Dobson, John Blythe. "The Spurious Articles in Appleton's Cyclopaedia of American Biography—Some New Discoveries and Considerations." Biography 16(4) 1993: 388-408.

+++

A Partial List of Entries Known to be Fictitious in Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography

Harmand, Louis Gustave Henrion, Nicolas Herauld, André Herbette, André Paul Hermstaedt, Nicholas Piet Hernandez, Vicente Herrera, Miguel da Fonseca e Silva Hjorn, Oscar Horne, Antoine Houdetot, François Lauriot de Huden, Lucas Van Huet de Navarre Hühne, Bernhard Huon de Penanster, Charles Henry Huss, Magnus Igolino, Giuseppe Kehr, Gustav Herman Kerckhove, Lorenz Wenceslas Kjoeping, Oläus Klüber, Melchior Koehler, Alexander Daniel Lotter, Frederic August Monteil, Nicolas Antoine Mortier, Édouard Louis Nascher, Friedrich Wilhelm Neé, Isidore Charles Sigismond Ramée, Stanislas Henri de la Sylvie, Édouard Tapin, Richard Thibaudin, Gaston Louis Verden, Karl von Verdugo, Vicente Verhuen, Jacobus Veuillot, Désiré Viana, Miguel Pereira Vicente y Bennazar, Andres Vigier, George Villadarias, Manoel Duarte Caldeiras Centenera de Villiers, Jean Pierre Vilmot, Charles Stanislas Vivier, Jacques du Vogué, Jean Pierre Voisin, Charles Antoine Voisin, Pierre Joseph Voiture, Nicolas Auguste Wallerton, Charles Louis Auguste Watteau, Boudoin Louis

+++

VOGUÉ, Jean Pierre de, Flemish adventurer, b. in Malines in 1570; d. in Brazil in 1630. He was a captain in the Spanish army when, hearing the fabulous description of the country of the Es- meraldas, he went to Espiritu Santo, in Brazil, and succeeded to the command of the colony that had been founded there. The establish- ment soon dissolved, as the adventurers were only anxious for riches; and Vogué, having announced that he knew the location of the Mountain of Wealth, was soon at the head of a host, and led an expedition to the interior of the Mamalucos country, wandering for several years through cen- tral and south Brazil, and suffering many mis- fortunes. His confidence in ultimate success was never shaken, but he was abandoned by his follow- ers, and fell at last into the hands of the Charcas Indians. It is supposed that he died during his captivity, although the "Colleccão de alguns manu- scriptos curiosos" credits to him the work "Jor- nada por el descobrimento de las Serras Esme- raldas" (Seville, 1690).

From Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography

+++

VICENTE Y BENNAZAR, Andres (ve-then'- tay), Spanish geographer, lived in the second half of the 15th century. He published at Antwerp in 1476 four charts, representing the four conti- nents of the world. Unlike Columbus, he did not imagine America to be part of Asia, but repre- sented it as a distinct continent and, what is more remarkable, as a continent divided into two parts by an isthmus. This publication, at so early a date, and before columbus's discovery, has caused much discussion. Some authorities think that Vicente y Bennazar had arrived at the conclusion that America existed as a distinct continent; others, that such an opinion was general among scientific circles in the 15th century; and still others, that he only intended to reproduce the lost Atlantis spoken of by Plato and the ancients.

From Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography


text:
pace car

Noun

 * 1)  A car that other cars drive behind before a race starts.
 * 2)  A car that paces the race cars to keep them running at a slower pace due to race conditions, and which the other cars cannot pass.

Translations

 * Finnish: lähtöauto

title: pace car


text:
arm candy

Etymology
Presumably derived from ; the term has been attested in the USA since 1992.

Noun

 * 1)  An attractive, seemingly romantic companion who accompanies a person in public simply so that one or both of the individuals can gain attention, enhance social status, or create an impression of sexual appeal.
 * 2)  A luxury wristwatch or some other accessory worn on the wrist.
 * 1)  A luxury wristwatch or some other accessory worn on the wrist.
 * 1)  A luxury wristwatch or some other accessory worn on the wrist.
 * 1)  A luxury wristwatch or some other accessory worn on the wrist.
 * 1)  A luxury wristwatch or some other accessory worn on the wrist.

title: arm candy


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EmailSanta.com

emailSanta.com is a Christmas-themed entertainment website which simulates emailing Santa Claus, a character from Christmas legends. It also provides various other Christmas-themed simulations. Users compose their letter by filling in blank fields, and the website responds with a computer-generated letter which is claimed to be from Santa Claus.

Founding and creation
emailSanta.com was started in 1997 by Alan Kerr. Kerr started the website after a strike by Canada Post workers prevented his niece and nephews from sending letters to Santa Claus, which are replied to by volunteers at Canada Post. During the first two weeks of the site's existence, emailSanta received over 1,000 emails.

The website is available in several languages. The website also contains a "Santa Tracker" feature, which simulates the tracking of Santa Claus, in a similar manner to NORAD Tracks Santa.

The website was incorporated in Alberta, Canada as emailSanta.com Inc. in 2011.

Decline
In a 2021 letter to the Search Engine Journal, Kerr noted the declining traffic of his website. He wrote that his website was historically "rewarded with #1 positions for very competitive keywords using only white hat methods" and that his website "once – briefly – beat out [the] Google [Santa Tracker] and NORAD [Tracks Santa]", but that "the site’s ranking and organic traffic has been falling hard these past two years" and that "the drop possibly happened in March 2019".

Website
Users compose their letter by filling in blank fields. Information submitted includes the user's first name, gender, age and city. The website also unconventionally asks the user to select a "stamp" for the email.

The website then simulates the process of the email being sent and then compiles an immediate and personalized reply to the sender based on the user's input. The reply, despite being claimed to have been written by Santa Claus himself, is automatically generated server-side using an ASP script written by Kerr. Optionally, the user can request to "see Santa live," in which case a video recording of an actor's portrayal of Santa would be shown to the user before the reply letter is shown, simulating a video call with Santa.

From the website's inception, children whose letters contained pleas for help were directed to a special web page on the site listing online resources for assistance and counselling helplines. In dire circumstances, police have been contacted.

Criticism
On Christmas Eve in 2013, Nicholas Tufnell from Wired stated that "[t]he design leaves a lot to be desired (it's very late 1990s) but it's perfectly functional". He tried sending an email on the website and stated that "[t]he response [from Santa] is pleasant enough, if a little vague. It may excite children, but we're not convinced. 'What a nice surprise Nicholas!' ... 'Thank you for sending me your email all the way from London! Mrs. Claus and I always go to see the big tree lighting in Trafalger [sic] Square.' We don't believe him." He stated that the email was coming across as "obsequious" and that "if a 4-year-old had the vocabulary, I'm sure he or she would say the same", and he also noted the misspelling of "Trafalgar". He commented that the website's practice of having Santa type out "*wink*" in emails was "unsettling". Additionally, he stated that the Santa character in the email "gets far too energetic after reciting our gift requests".

Impact on popular culture
Prior to the Internet, letters to Santa were traditionally delivered by post. Tanya Gulevich, in her Encyclopedia of Christmas and New Years Celebrations wrote:

"In 1997 postal workers all over the [U.S.] reported the first decline ever in the numbers of letters sent to Santa Claus at Christmas time... No one knows why so many kids all at once lost interest in writing letters to Santa. Perhaps they suddenly discovered e-mail."

title: EmailSanta.com