text:
Talk:Benares gharana

Hindu/Muslim
I'm new to Wikipedia, so I don't want to start a big stink, however, I am involved in academia, so some of this editing comes as a surprise to me.

I am wondering how this phrase is a religious point of view:

"It is interesting to note that the Benares gharana is the only one to have been started by a Hindu; the other five gharanas were started by Muslims."

This is not an opinion; it is a statement of fact, and it is relevant to Indian culture, and it is an interesting point as it has an effect on some of the repertoire performed by this gharana. Would it be better if I removed "It is interesting to note that" and just write "The Benares gharana is the only one to have been started by a Hindu; the other five gharanas were started by Muslims."

? I just don't think facts should be watered down... User:Shawntabla 21:53, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Sure it's a fact. No big stink, we need to discuss it. What you wrote is open to interpretation and it's relevance is not established. If you meant to say that "This gharana's Hindu origins differentiates some of the repertoire performed from all the other gharanas, which are Muslim in origin. In particular such pieces as .... are critically interpreted as clearly showing Hindu influence". Put it back more coherently expressed. Cheers Clappingsimon talk 23:48, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Benares gharana


text:
Talk:Ice hockey stick

This article needs info regarding the max curvature of the blade allowed.--Hooperbloob 17:47, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Potentially, however many leagues, especially elite European and Russian leagues don't have such a rule. That discussion might be better suited to a hockey rules page. Yankees76 00:26, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Flex / kp
Some sticks are measured in kp instead of "flex". Does anyone know how much "flex" is 50kp? Or how many kp is "75 flex"? This would be very useful to know. -- abfackeln 01:54, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I found this chart but the source is dubious:
 * 50KP/X-stiff = roughly 125 pro flex
 * 45KP/Stiff = roughly 110
 * 40KP/Regular = roughly 100
 * 35KP/Mid = roughly 85
 * 30KP/Light = even softer flex
 * 20KP/Junior = junior flex

Curved Blades and Angle of Blade
I took the liberty of changing "straight goaltender blades" to "slightly curved blades", as found on most goaltender sticks used in the NHL.

Also, I changed the degree the blade is angled at from 45° to the more appropriate 135° from the axis of the shaft. — Dorvaq 14:17, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I think you should change the length of the blade listed too, as it conflicts with the diagram shown. 10 to 15 seems way too short.

Kinda confusing
If someone came here to learn more about sticks, I think the sentence "The face angle, or openness, of a blade has a large impact on a puck's trajectory when it is shot. If a blade is very open, it will be easier to shoot the puck high, while a closed face is more likely to produce a shot close to the ice." would confused them. I'm referring to the "open" and "closed faced" parts. I'm not gonna lie, I have absolutely no idea what it means, so I can't explain. If anyone else can do it, it would improve the article. Bsroiaadn 12:21, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

O-stick and stick technology
Someone should add a bit more about composite sticks... especially the o-stick. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:03, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

"However, as hornbeam supplies diminished" ... but it doesn't say hornbeam was ever used ... can anyody clear this up

?links to manufacturers? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Feldercarb (talk • contribs) 19:17, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Possible Plagiarism
AUTHOR -- Please take note:

Paragraphs 3 through 6 in this article look remarkably similar to all the paragraphs in this one:

http://hockeyheritagenorth.ca/new/index.php?id=511

The article at the above link, however, consistently uses the word "hornbeam" where this article uses "maple or willow" in the first sentence in the second paragraph and then uses "hornbeam" in the second. Also, this article erroneously lists Nate Eliegh as using a 99-inch stick, whereas the other article correctly lists this player as Moose Johnson, a fact which can be verified here.

There are no references given for these paragraphs in this article.

I will assume good faith here, but please know that plagiarism is not acceptable for a Wikipedia article.

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:42, 12 May 2010 (UTC)

Quotes for regularity, durability of wooden sticks citations
Durability: (from The Record):

The Synergy sticks are made of a mixture of carbon, graphite and Kevlar. The beauty of them is that they don't deteriorate with use.

"John LeClair uses four or five wooden sticks in a game,'' says Goldsmith. "You might not see them break but they get soft and noodley.

"They break down. Players will replace them on the bench as they go, while its uncommon to use more than one Synergy stick in a game.''

Regularity (from Sports Illustrated):

Most important, they're consistent. "Of a dozen wood sticks maybe only seven would have the feel you want," says Canadiens defenseman Stephane Quintal, who uses a one-piece made by CCM. "But with the composite stick each one feels like the last."

- --some jerk on the Internet    (talk)  19:44, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

Sledge hockey
Someone should add at least pics of sledge hockey sticks — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:14, 14 December 2011 (UTC)

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source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Ice hockey stick


text:
arriviste

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  An upstart or newcomer; nouveau riche; parvenu; an ambitious, brash or arrogant person who has yet to integrate with his or her new social group.

Etymology
From.

title: arriviste


text:
Wikiversity:Online courses

Note: The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees directed Wikiversity to move away from conventional courses. The Wikiversity e-learning model is centered on active learners who participate in learning projects.

An Online Course can be many different things to different people. This page will try and list the different learning materials that are sometimes mistakenly considered to be online courses, as well as give examples for different types of courses - particularly with regards to Wikiversity.

Courses for Credit

 * Courses for credit can only be offered by an (accredited) institution of higher learning. They usually entail a mentor or tutor taking care of a specific instance of the course. Students register (often paying a fee) and receive materials to read and discuss with other students. Usually exercises are submitted for grading and feedback, with an on-site examination.
 * Some courses for credit are, however, offered as material free of charge, so that other instructors can use the materials in their classes, for example (Course on plagiarism detection, free, in German)
 * When credits have been accumulated, it is possible to obtain a degree from an institution. Note: Wikiversity has no current plans to be a degree-granting or credit-granting institution. Instead, it will offer educational materials to both students and instructors.

Courses not for Credit

 * Sites such as Instructables offer little courses on how to do something (my favorite: 3D chocolate printer made from LEGO). These can be considered courses, but are not part of any university curriculum.

Learning Materials that are not Courses

 * Lecture Notes: Many instructors in Europe put out lecture notes (skripta) or compedia for the students to use as a reference. Many times this is just put in .doc or .pdf format and published online. Thus, only the delivery of the materials is online, not the course itself.
 * Syllabus: One of the hard questions at the start of course preparation is: what do I leave in, what do I leave out. Topics are then assigned to days and given a sequence. This can be a valuable resource to an instructor, but is also not an online course.
 * Simulation: One simulation or an animation can be great for illustrating a point and should be available on its own, but this is not a course.
 * PPT Slides: Many people mistakenly assume that having the slides for a lecture are an adequate equivalent for a course. This is not the case, as the instructor will be giving lots of stories and telling what the things on the slide depict in a way that cannot be captured in a slide.
 * Video Sequences: Setting up a camera and filming a lecturer seems to make sense, but it doesn't. The quality of the video sequences is often quite bad, and there is non-existent navigation and coordination to slides. Instructional videos are best made in a studio, where the environment can be controlled.

Cooperation with the Wikibooks project
It is anticipated that some Wikiversity participants will make use of textbooks at Wikibooks. Some Wikiversity participants will also participate in the development of textbooks at Wikibooks. Some learning materials developed by Wikiversity participants will be easily integrated into Wikibooks textbooks. Natural synergies between Wikibooks and Wikiversity will benefit each project.

title: Wikiversity:Online courses


text:
The Shot (Ole Miss–Valparaiso)

"The Shot" refers to a play by the Valparaiso University's Crusaders (now Beacons) that occurred in the Midwest Regional first round of the 1998 NCAA Tournament. The play came in Valpo's game against the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss) Rebels at The Myriad in Oklahoma City on March 13, 1998, in which Bryce Drew hit a three-point shot to give the #13 seed Crusaders a 70–69 victory over the #4 seed Rebels. "The Shot" became one of the notable highlights in March Madness history; it was named the fifth most memorable moment in CBS's coverage of the NCAA tournament by sports analyst Gary Parrish in 2007.

Buildup
Although Ole Miss was a much higher seed than Valparaiso and was expected to win easily and advance to the second round, the Crusaders played tough throughout and were down 69–67 with less than ten seconds left. Bryce Drew, Valpo's star guard and son of coach Homer Drew, missed a three-pointer with approximately five seconds left, and after Mississippi grabbed the rebound Valparaiso fouled Ole Miss' Ansu Sesay to stop the clock and send the 72.5% free-throw shooter to the line.

Although Sesay had made three of his last five attempts at the charity stripe, he missed the first of two. Coach Drew then called his last time out before Sesay could take his second free throw, in order to draw up a play for the Crusaders' last possession. When play resumed Sesay missed his second free throw, and following a battle for the loose ball Valparaiso was awarded possession after Ole Miss guard Keith Carter knocked the ball out of bounds. This left Valpo with 2.5 seconds to get off a shot, and forced inbounder Jaime Sykes to put the ball in play from the far end of the court.

The play
The Crusaders' play for this situation was known as "Pacer". Sykes threw the inbounds pass over the midcourt line, where Bill Jenkins outjumped a Rebel defender for the ball and immediately tapped it over to a running Drew, who shot a 23-foot 3-point shot. Drew's defender had been left flat-footed as he considered defending Sykes, leaving Drew open as he began streaking. The ball went in as time expired, giving Valpo a 70–69 win and eliminating Ole Miss from the tournament.

Aftermath
With the win against Ole Miss, Valparaiso started to make a Cinderella run in the tournament. The Crusaders later defeated #12-seeded Florida State in the second round, 83–77 in overtime. Their run came to an end in the Sweet Sixteen when the Crusaders lost to #8 seed Rhode Island, 68–74.

In 2003, ESPN Classic ranked Valparaiso's 1998 run as #3 on its "Classic Cinderellas" list, with "The Shot" as a large part of the reason why it ranked as high as it did.

Parody
"The Shot" was parodied during the 2013 NCAA Tournament with an Axe Apollo Body Spray commercial by placing a fictitious Astronaut on the Valparaiso sideline that garnered more attention than Drew's shot.

title: The Shot (Ole Miss–Valparaiso)


text:
Battle of the Echinades

Battle of the Echinades can refer to:

 * Battle of the Echinades (322 BC), fought between the Athenian and Macedonian navies
 * Battle of the Echinades (1427), fought between the Byzantines and the fleet of Carlo I Tocco

title: Battle of the Echinades


text:
MAEX

The MAEX (MunichAirportEXpress) is an alternative solution to the Transrapid required by the Munich city government for a fast train connection between Munich main station and the Munich airport.

Concept
The MAEX is an express S-train, and is designed to be routed from Munich's main railway station through the second main tunnel, on the current S8 train route East of the city, the Munich East-Munich Airport railway, to the airport. In addition to the two stops in the second main tunnel route, at the main station and Marienplatz, there will be an additional two stops at the Leuchtenbergring as well as in Unterföhring and Ismaning.

For the realization of this route, the four-track expansion of the Munich North Ring in the Daglfing-Johanneskirchen area is required in addition to the changes in the second main tunnel. This is to be done in the tunnel, in order to completely separate road traffic from the increasing railway traffic by eliminating the railroad transitions in Daglfing and Englschalking and, to protect the residential areas from noise and to eliminate the separation effect of the railway line.

The journey time of the MAEX, on the approx. 35 km long stretch between Munich main station and airport therefore would reduce the current travel time by about 15 minutes. The total cost of the project is estimated at €860 million, which includes the costs of further measures going beyond the MAEX. The MAEX costs alone are stated at €625 million (not including the second main tunnel).

Shortly after the publication of the project idea, Deutsche Bahn secured the trademark rights to MAEX. The city of Munich then suggested to pursue the plans under the name MEXpress instead.

title: MAEX


text:
Châteauneuf-de-Gadagne

Châteauneuf-de-Gadagne (Gadanha) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France.

History
The Félibrige was founded in Châteauneuf-de-Gadagne, at Font-Ségugne, in 1854.

Geography
Châteauneuf-de-Gadagne is located 12 km (7.4 mi) east of Avignon. It is served by Gadagne station (opened in 1868) on the line from Avignon to Miramas.

International relations
Châteauneuf-de-Gadagne is twinned with:
 * Perroy, Switzerland

title: Châteauneuf-de-Gadagne


text:
Talk:Dave Szott

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 15:21, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot (talk) 18:39, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dave Szott


text:
Talk:Overlook Park station/GA1

GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''

Reviewer: The Rambling Man (talk · contribs) 20:49, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Comments That's it. Short article, not much to worry about, so I'll put it on hold while we get these sorted. The Rambling Man (Staying alive since 2005!) 16:27, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Looks odd to just have that one ref in the lead, move it out to the place you expand upon the details in the main body.
 * Done. --Truflip99 (talk) 19:28, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Where is postal address referenced?
 * Not sure about this one, this was added by someone else. I can omit it, but putting the address on Google Maps takes you to the correct location. Although I'm not sure why a street median light rail station would be assigned a postal address... What do you think? --Truflip99 (talk) 19:28, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I think that all adds up to it being removed unless you can provide an RS for it! The Rambling Man (Staying alive since 2005!) 19:36, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * " Interstate MAX extension" is that a thing? Is there an article?
 * Yes. Interstate MAX is synonymous with the Yellow Line. They share the same article. Clarified. --Truflip99 (talk) 19:28, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * For your season (Autumn), is it fall or Fall? Be consistent.
 * Done. --Truflip99 (talk) 19:28, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * "approved in June" that year. or June 1999.
 * Done. --Truflip99 (talk) 19:28, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * "the relocation of Overlook Park station's planned northbound platform to be closer" no need for "be", either the "location ... to be closer" or the "relocation ... to closer".
 * Done. --Truflip99 (talk) 19:28, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Rose Quarter should be linked first time.
 * Done. --Truflip99 (talk) 19:28, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * " it is intended as a symbol of good health and longevity"
 * Done. --Truflip99 (talk) 19:28, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * "am" -> "a.m." per MOS.
 * MOS:TIME states either a.m. or am works.
 * " take 17 minutes to reach Expo Center station and ten minutes" 17/10 or seventeen/ten.
 * Done. --Truflip99 (talk) 19:28, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * No spaced hyphens in the ref titles, spaced en-dashes please.
 * Done. --Truflip99 (talk) 19:28, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Thank you for taking the time to review this! I've addressed all of your points. --Truflip99 (talk) 19:28, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * no worries, responded to the one open issue. The Rambling Man (Staying alive since 2005!) 19:36, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * omitted =) --Truflip99 (talk) 19:37, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

Okay, all good, so I'll promote, good work! The Rambling Man (Staying alive since 2005!) 19:42, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Overlook Park station/GA1


text:
Ethnography

Summary
Ethnography is a research approach that uses a number of research methods to study holistically the interplay of social structure and culture. A primary ethnographic method is fieldwork, i.e. the direct observation of and participation in social life. However, other qualitative methods and even quantitative methods are used, including interviews, focus groups, surveys, and more.

Ethnography developed as a method of investigation along with the rise of travel and anthropological literature in the nineteenth century. Today it is a widely used research perspective outside of anthropology as well. Practitioners of human geography, sociology, political science and marketing research utilize ethnographic methods in addition to anthropologists.

This project includes background information and orienting exercises for introductory and advanced ethnography learning projects, including Introduction to ethnography, Institutional ethnography, and Virtual ethnography. Texts for ethnography learning projects include Essential Ethnographic Methods by Schensul et al, Mapping Social Relations by Campbell and Gregor, and Viritual Ethnography by Hine.

Prerequisites

 * Completing an introductory course in Sociology or Anthropology is recommended.
 * Close reading of the WRN Privacy Policy and Wikiversity research ethics pages is required before or early on in the course.
 * If you intend to do social research, reviewing one of these free online courses is recommended:
 * Research Ethics Training Curriculum prepared by Family Health International (FHI).
 * National Cancer Institute Human Subjects Research Tutorial.

Goals
This learning project offers background reading and learnings activities to explore ...

Concepts to learn include: /concepts

Participant observation Observant participation Fieldwork Voice Mise-en-scène, or ethnographic production Movement The uses of anecdote Interlocutors Notetaking Ethnographic collecting Reflexivity Situated knowledges Translation

Readings
Each activity has a suggested associated background reading selection.

 * Reading 1.
 * ect.

Activities

 * Activity 1.
 * Activity 2.
 * etc.

title: Ethnography


text:
User:Lakkig

This is Lakki Grewal, an avid learner and Photographer. This is page is something which will make you know me more through the moments captured by me. Photography has become an important part of my soul. I love my work and throw myself into it: body, mind and spirit. I consider it such an honor and a privilege to have the chance to work with such AMAZING people each year!

Photography tells the story of who we are, what we celebrate and how we view life. One Step Closer, is a brand to capture the true essence of you, your family or any of your events. Allow me to show you how beautiful life is, by capturing exquisite pictures that tell your story, bringing one step closer to the magic of life.

www.instagram.com/onestepcloser.lakkig

title: User:Lakkig


text:
Paternity fraud

Paternity fraud is one form of misattributed paternity or paternal discrepancy. Specifically, paternity fraud is the intentional misidentification of a child's biological father by its mother. Paternity fraud is distinct from other, unintentional misattribution, which may arise from simple error, an accident such as a mix-up during fertility treatment, or a sexual assault.

Occurrence
Research published in 2016 indicated that up to two percent of British fathers unknowingly raise a child who is the biological child of another man.

A 2005 scientific review of international published studies of paternal discrepancy found a range in incidence, around the world, from 0.8% to 30% (median 3.7%). However, as many of the studies were conducted between the 1950s and the 1980s, numbers may be unreliable due to the inaccuracies of genetic testing methods and procedures used at the time. Studies ranging in date from 1991 to 1999 quote the following incidence rates: 11.8% (Mexico), 4.0% (Canada), 2.8% (France), 1.4% and 1.6% (UK), and 0.8% (Switzerland). These numbers suggest that the widely quoted and unsubstantiated figure of 10% of non-paternal events is an overestimate. However, in studies that solely looked at couples who obtained paternity testing because paternity was being disputed, there are higher levels: an incidence of 17% to 33% (median of 26.9%). Most at risk were those born to younger parents, to unmarried couples and those of lower socio-economic status, or from certain cultural groups.

A 2008 study in the United Kingdom found that biological fathers were misidentified in 0.2% (1 in 500) of the cases processed by the Child Support Agency. Of that 0.2%, those resolved with DNA paternity testing between 2004 and 2008 showed that between 10 and 19% of mothers had misidentified the biological father; data about why mothers identified the wrong biological father were not available.

Australia
The Victorian County Court in 2002 awarded Mr. Magill $70,000 compensation for damages and economic loss against his ex-wife as a result of DNA testing in 2000 that showed only one of three children he was paying support for were genetically his. That ruling was later overturned in 2005 by the Victorian Court of Appeal finding that "intent to deceive" by the ex-wife had not been proven regarding misrepresentations made by Ms. Magill in birth forms about the children's paternity. This ruling was in turn then appealed with the High Court of Australia.

In 2006, Australia's High Court struck down the appeal, upholding the 2005 Victorian Court of Appeal ruling. Chief Justice Murray Gleeson in the 94 page High Court Ruling opined, "Without doubt the appellant's wife deceived him but the hurtful deception was in her infidelity, not in her failure to admit it." Mr. Magill as part of the ruling was also ordered to pay the Child Support Agency's legal fees during the previous 18 months of litigation.

Since at least 1989, putative fathers in Australia could recover child support payments for children that were not their child.

Canada
Mr. Cornelio began paying child support for his ex-wife's twins after the couple separated in 1998. The former couple settled upon a joint custody agreement in 2002 that continued Mr. Cornelio's monetary child support for the twins. Shortly afterwards, Ms. Cornelio requested a reduction in visitation time along with an increase in support payments. Mr. Cornelio became suspicious of the paternity of the twins. A subsequent DNA test revealed that he was not their biological father. A request was made by Mr. Cornelio to be excused from paying further child support, claiming to be the victim of misrepresentation or fraud when Ms. Cornelio failed to disclose the extramarital affair when he signed the 2002 joint custody agreement.

The Ontario Superior Court of Justice in 2008 ruled against the request to be excused or reimbursed for child support payments. Judge van Rensburg, in deciding to deny the request, noted that Mr. Cornelio had wondered at the time of his separation if an affair by his ex-wife had actually been responsible for the twins. "It was not until access was interrupted and Ms. Cornelio commenced proceedings seeking increased child support that the respondent began pursuing this issue," the judge remarked. "The fact of that relationship – even if it has now become strained – is sufficient to require Mr. Cornelio to continue to contribute toward the children's material needs."

Finland
The default in Finnish law as of 2018 is that the husband is the acknowledged father of the child who is born into wedlock (or to a deceased husband). Only if the wife agrees, can that initial determination be set to something else. However, from 2016 the general right the mother to solely allow or prevent the parental investigation was abolished. The default and immediately forcing juridical assumption of paternity of a husband was not changed in the latest 2015 act.

A man can bring up a later legal action to annul his paternity, disregarding of the resistance of his wife. The legal action for annulment may be brought in the district court by a man whose paternity has been determined on the basis of either marriage or by some other authoritative decision.

A man who has officially acknowledged paternity relinquishes his rights to further actions if he, knowing the woman had a sexual intercourse with another man, or that she has used foreign sperm for fertilization, has stated in writing following birth of the child that the child is biologically his.

Otherwise legally binding prebirth acknowledgment of a man must be rejected, if either the health care staff of the child supervisor do have a founded suspicion that the man is not a father of the child, or he is for any reason not capable to understand what he is doing when acknowledging the paternity.

If a mother deliberately gives false information to the authorities, which contributes to the erroneous establishment of paternity, she may be fined.

South Korea
In 2004, a South Korean man was awarded $42,380 compensation for pain and suffering when a DNA test established that his ex-wife's paternity claim regarding their child was misattributed. When Mr. Doe, who had married Ms. Doe based on her paternity claim, began a lawsuit against a hospital for switching his child at birth, Ms. Doe claimed to having been pregnant with another man's baby.

Switzerland
On 5 January 2015, the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland (decision 5A_619 of 2015 ) decided on a case wherein a plaintiff challenged the paternity of his (alleged) daughter. The plaintiff had his sperm examined in November 2009. As a result of the examination, the plaintiff's fertility was found to be 3%. The court contended that the alleged father should have started investigating his paternity as a consequence of that finding. The plaintiff actually had his non-paternity confirmed via DNA evidence in 2013 upon failure of his marriage. The court held that the one year time limit under Swiss civil code article 260c for filing an action lapsed due to the plaintiff's (the alleged father's) inactivity for more than two years. The Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland thus confirmed the ruling by the first instance and dismissed the appeal. It follows that the plaintiff's financial obligations as to his (alleged) daughter will not change.

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, paternity fraud, like adultery, is not a criminal offence except in the case of the lineage of the children of the British monarch under the Treason Act 1351 where the adulterers are punishable as adultering against the lineage of the King with the King's "companion, ... or the wife of the King's eldest son and heir". Knowingly making a false statement on a public document is a criminal offence, including naming someone who is not the biological father. As of 2008, no individual has been prosecuted in a case involving paternity fraud. A mother is permitted to not state the name of the biological father if she does not know it. Paternity fraud is a form of misattributed paternity.

The split in 2002 between a couple, identified for legal reasons as Mr. A and Ms. B, prompted Mr. A to pursue a parental contract to establish his non-married rights as their child's father. Ms. B then requested a DNA test that later showed Mr. A was not the (then) five year old's father. Following the discovery Mr. A then sued Ms. B for damages of up to £100,000 as a result of the deceit.

During 2007 in what was reported as the first known case of its kind to reach trial in Britain, the High Court ruled in favor of Mr. A awarding £7,500 distress damages with another £14,943 for holidays and meals out Mr. A spent on Ms. B (not the child). The judgment fell short of listed suit amount because the London court did not allow damages for the child's material costs incurred because of Mr. A's enjoyment of the relationship. The judge, Sir John Blofeld, said he was satisfied that Mr. A's motivation in coming to court was not as a lever for contact with the child but because he did not want "to be taken for a ride".

In 2019, the unnamed former wife of Richard Mason was ordered to pay him £250,000 in compensation for paternity fraud. Mason discovered that he could not have fathered his three grown up children after being diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, meaning he had been infertile since birth.

In 2021, a man from Kingston upon Hull who had already paid £38,000 in child maintenance payments discovered that he was not the father of the girl he had been led to believe was his daughter by his ex-girlfriend and had helped raise for 14 years. The Child Maintenance Service agreed to suspend future payments, but still held him liable for his £2000 arrears. After public outcry and intervention from his local MP Emma Hardy, the CMS reviewed the case and agreed to waive his arrears.

United States
The United States has historically imposed a strong presumption of paternity and has also imposed barriers to paternity challenges once paternity has been legally established. Since the advent of DNA testing, laws and guidelines have been proposed or enacted that may allow for a paternity challenge by a legal father who later determines he is not a child's biological father, or by a biological father who learns that somebody else has been named on a child's birth certificate as the child's father.

Georgia
Paternity fraud activist Carnell Smith has raised awareness about the problem of men paying child support for children that aren't theirs. He has successfully lobbied the Georgia state legislature to expand the time frame in which paternity tests could be administered.

Mandatory paternity testing is available in Georgia and is necessary in order to obtain a child support order in the state, the law differentiates between legitimacy and paternity and child support orders can only be ordered after a paternity test.

California
In the case of County of Los Angeles v. Navarro, in 1996, the County of Los Angeles entered a default judgment against putative father Mr. Navarro and ordered him to pay monthly support for Ms. Doe's two children. The complaint to establish paternity filed by the Bureau of Family Support Operations was based on information provided by Ms. Doe naming "Manuel Nava" as the children's father. The agency determined that Mr. Navarro was the father in question and delivered notice to his sister's residence listing Mr. Navarro as "co-resident", a notice Mr. Navarro denied ever receiving.

In 2001, Mr. Navarro, armed with a DNA test showing he was not the children's father, sued the County of Los Angeles asking to be relieved from the support order. The County of Los Angeles opposed the motion, arguing the motion was filed after the six month limit to contest a default judgment and the mother's mere assertion that he was the father was insufficient to establish extrinsic fraud. The trial court sided with the county and denied the motion. This ruling was then appealed before the California 2nd Appellate Court of Appeal.

In 2004, the court of appeal reversed the trial court decision ruling in favor of Mr. Navarro and became the first published California case to hold that the statute of limitations did not apply in setting aside an old default judgment against a paternity fraud victim. Immediately after the ruling was issued, the Los Angeles County Child Support Services Department announced that it would request that the case be depublished so it could not be used as a precedent by other men in Mr. Navarro's situation. That request was later denied by the California Supreme Court.

In 2002, California Governor Gray Davis vetoed a proposed Paternity Justice Act, which would have provided more protection for victims of Paternity Fraud, citing that the bill could cost the state $40 million in federal funding. 2004, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed in to law AB 252, which allows men who prove they are not the biological father more resources to fight paying child support; the law expired in 2007.

Florida
In the case of Parker v. Parker, as part of their 2001 Florida divorce settlement, Mr. Parker was obliged to pay $1200 monthly child support based on Ms. Parker's representations to the court that Mr. Parker was the child's biological father. In 2003, Ms. Parker filed a motion for contempt and a petition to enforce child support against Mr. Parker which prompted a DNA test showing that Mr. Parker was not the child's biological father. The motion was 16 months after their divorce, Florida law (at that time) only allowed the husband 12 months to contest paternity following divorce. Mr. Parker's court-ordered payments would total about $216,000 over the next fifteen years.

Mr. Parker filed a petition for relief claiming that the misrepresentation of paternity had resulted in a fraudulent support order. This was dismissed by both the Trial and then, in 2005, the Court of Appeal as being intrinsic fraud and subject to the Florida one year time limit to contest a dissolution decree, not extrinsic fraud, or a fraud upon the court, that can form the basis for relief from judgment more than a year later. This ruling was then appealed before the Florida Supreme Court who, in 2007, denied Mr. Parker's suit upholding the Fourth District Court of Appeal 2005 ruling.

During 2006, the Florida statutes changed allowing a DNA test to be considered new evidence to contest a support order after the one year time limit. In its published opinion the Supreme Court Ruling in 2007 noted the change in Florida Statutes, "which provides the circumstances and procedures under which a male may disestablish paternity and terminate a child support obligation"; however, the court decided not to consider the applicability of this new statute to Mr. Parker's circumstances, kicking the question of a retrial under the new law back to the Trial Courts.

Because the basic facts are little questioned and the case explores differences between extrinsic and intrinsic fraud, other state Supreme Courts, including Iowa and Tennessee, have cited Parker v. Parker when writing opinions of their own for paternity fraud type cases.

Iowa
In 2012, the Iowa Supreme Court in ruling to allow a paternity fraud tort to proceed as it "fits comfortably within the traditional boundaries of fraud law.", and that "It is  supported  by  common  law standards for fraud and is not contrary to public policy or the statutory policy  of  this  state."

Tennessee
In the case of Hodge v. Craig in October 2012, intentional misrepresentation of paternity was recognized by a unanimous Tennessee Supreme Court in Hodge v. Craig, a case where the mother intentionally lied to a man about who the father of the child was. Based on the mother's assurances the couple married but later divorced. The plaintiff dutifully paid child support including medical insurance for the child. Based on physical differences between himself and the child he obtained a tissue sample and confirmed his suspicions. Damages were awarded in compensation for child support paid for 15 years. The court's decision was based on the common law remedy of intentional misrepresentation; the court distinguished the award of damages from a retroactive modification of child support. The action was for damages; it was not a suit to disestablish paternity.

title: Paternity fraud


text:
Portal talk:Film and television

Message from Robert Elliott

 * 7 New Sections
 * Under the Institute of Film and Television, I have created separate sections for Narrative Motion Picture Production (which includes film and video) and for 6 other areas.  If this is not enough, please let me know.  (Tell me what classes you will be offering in your proposed section.)  I will be adding 30 educational lessons for begining film students in Narrative Film Production.  Most lessons will be high school level or first-year college film student level. Robert Elliott 14:56, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

Television Studio Production
I'm thinking of starting a course for Television Studio production (either live, live-to-tape with B-roll added later, or live-to-tape). If anyone is interested in helping, please contact me via my talk page. I cannot do this on my own as I am currently a full time student while working at a TV station and simply do not have the time. Also, I think we should create a section for 'getting to know your equipment' or something similar (maybe one for TV, one for film and have some objects crossreferenced) so that students understand just what difference devices do and how they would be chained together in a typical studio. --Tonsofpcs 20:36, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Virtual Wikimania
The Wikiversity School of Media Studies is planning to get Wikiversity involved in producing a "Virtual Wikimania" from Taipei via a "Wikiversity kiosk" located at the main event. Some of the participating content development groups are:
 * Topic:Wikimania - Wikimania, Wikimania 2007 etc.
 * Topic:Internet Audio and Video - Setting up the Sandbox Server (or equivalent) with Icecast and and other Internet Audio/Video services.
 * Topic:VoIP - Setting up the Sandbox Server (or equivalent) with Asterisk Voice over Internet Protocol hub linked to something like an OpenMoko/Internet Kiosk
 * Topic:Server administration - Setting up the Sandbox Server (or equivalent) in general
 * Topic:Internet Audio - Wiki Campus Radio, Hypatia, etc. to work on Topic:Audio Engineering learning projects for the "Sound of Wikiversity" Internet radio project
 * ...several others... just follow the breadcrumbs...

If you know of people, companies or groups that could help out, please let us know at Talk:Wikimania 2007. Thanks in advance for your input! CQ 17:45, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Film and television


text:
Talk:Cory Marks

Plagiarism
The lead currently looks too similar to for it to be coincidence. Although short in terms of textual size, it does cast Wikipedia in a poor light. Yeehaw45, would you like to opine? Killiondude (talk) 00:38, 6 February 2021 (UTC)

 * @Killiondude - Wow, I am actually shocked at how similar it looks. I can certainly say I did not plagiarize this however. If you look at the edit history, I have made periodic changes to the lead since I created the page last summer. Is it at all possible they plagiarized this page? I know for certain that there was no plagiarism on my behalf. The page revision history will show I have made changes to this lead on several occasions to expand upon / revise what I have previously written. I also can say for certain that I have never visited “YouTube Music” before. I believe this to either be a coincidence, or perhaps a bot of theirs copying the lead on this page. One will notice a Google search for Cory Marks uses the Wikipedia page for information and by default uses this description. I am happy to rewrite it if you find that necessary but I most certainly did not plagiarize them. Yeehaw45 (talk) 01:34, 6 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cory Marks


text:
User:Fred.th

Hello everybody. I'm a french contributor, so if you want to speck me, please try the french language. I really don't understand good english. (joke are forbidden, and argotic more again.

title: User:Fred.th


text:
Mariusz Wysocki

Mariusz Wysocki (born 3 June 1976) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a defender.

title: Mariusz Wysocki


text:
User:Md sohag hossain .JU

Md sohag Hossain.father name Nur Mohammad miah and mother name Jakia sultana.He born on 11 February 1994 in Dhitpur ,mukshudpur, Dohar,Dhaka.He got s.s.c from Emdad Ali High school in2010.He got H.s.c from Padma college in 2012.At present he is study in Pure physics in JAHANGIRNAGAE UNIVERSITY 🎓

title: User:Md sohag hossain .JU


text:
Chris Saunders-Griffiths

Chris Saunders-Griffiths (10 January 1929 – 12 July 2001) was a British field hockey player. Family members say that he was known as C.J.D Saunders-Griffiths and was always called John. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

title: Chris Saunders-Griffiths


text:
User:Amer mehrgan

Amer Mehrgan Estalaki

International Taekwondo coach of KUKKIWON.

National Taekwondo coach & referee of federationIran.

public relation psychology BA. Living Iran.

 * lnstructor in scool for three years.(2008_2011)

 * Charge of public relations at the Sports Association of Rasht for two years.(2008-2010)

 * Successor to the chairman of the Gilan Provincial Forum Committee for three years.(2012-2015)

 * Head of Rasht City Competition Committee for one year.(2015_2016)

 * Head of my city league organization now.

 * 6th dan black belt of federation Iran.(2015)

 * International Instructore WTH of kukkiwon.(2018)

 * 4th dan black belt(kukkiwon) 2017

 * Instructore Certificate level 2 of taekwondo federation Iran.

 * About 10 years of coaching. 2009 untill now

 * Executive Secretary of Guilan Competition Committee

title: User:Amer mehrgan


text:
Chonob

Chonob (Чоноб) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tlogobsky Selsoviet, Gunibsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 32 as of 2010.

Geography
Chonob is located 46 km northwest of Gunib (the district's administrative centre) by road, on the Kudiyabor River. Askhabil-Kuli and Enseruda are the nearest rural localities.

Nationalities
Avars live there.

title: Chonob


text:
School talk:Theology

documentary hypothesis
The wikisource file Bible, English, King James, According to the documentary hypothesis has been proposed to be moved here. Any comments?--Rayc 04:12, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I think this would be the best place to move it, maybe under a division of biblical/Christian studies (or something akin to it). It is not a source text (which is why WS won't accept it), and not exactly appropriate for WB.  Instead, it's more of a set of teaching material which explains a particular theory of biblical studies that claims the Torah and deuteronomistical history is a collection of sources that had been compiled into one document.  For any person who wants to study the Bible or the Old Testament, this set of pages provides a good germ for spurring such studies.— Zhaladshar > (Talk) > 16:37, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Absolutely it should be moved here; the Document Theory is an exegetical theory that would be home under Christianity's Biblical Studies, I believe (even though it's wrong! ;) I'm glad you mentioned this course; I just did a lesson concerning the Document Theory, and the course will provide a great supplemental resource to link to.  Btw, I should mention that the wikisource page was deleted, it seems.

 * --Opensourcejunkie 00:32, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

 * By Opensourcejunkie's request, I've imported it with history to Bible, English, King James, According to the documentary hypothesis. — Pathoschild 23:46:40, 03 April 2008 (UTC)

Department of Christian Theology?
Would it be possible to have a department which focuses purely on Christian theology rather than the various denominational biases which are implied in other departments? AlistairReece 14:50, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

 * One would hope that this could be achieved. --  Dionysios  (talk), Founder of the Wikiversity School of Theology, Department of Orthodox Christian Studies, Date: 2007-10-23 (October 23, 2007) Time:  1231 UTC

 * The changes I made yesterday should accommodate your desire, Alistair. -- Guðsþegn 00:17, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

Organizational Changes
I've been in these nightmarish denominational nomenclature wars before, and I want to avoid that, but I also wanted to bring much needed organization to what was a chaotic mess. You (Dionysis) have already seen the major changes I have made so far. I am wanting to conform the department names to what I created on the school intro page.

Also, I am showing here some slight changes to what I have already put on the intro page that may be amenable to everyone.

 * Department of Traditional Christian Theology — includes topics that are relevant primarily to particular traditions
 * Center for Orthodox Studies — includes topics like ...
 * Center for Catholic Studies — includes topics like ...
 * Center for Reformational Studies — includes topics like ...
 * Center for Restorational Studies — includes topics like ...

So, instead of "Department of Orthodox Christian Studies", it would be the "Center for Orthodox Studies" within the "Department of Traditional Christian Theology".

BTW, it is common for university departments to have "Centers for" such and such in them.

This scheme avoids some things: (1) in linking each tradition family to the Department of Traditional Christian Theology it doesn't make as overt a claim for each tradition family as being "Christian" as having the two words in the same phrase does (some in some traditions do not believe that others in other traditions are fully Christian -- again, avoiding conflict), but it does say they are nominally Christian (because they are in that department); (2) it avoids negative or unpalatable words as labels -- Orthodox is a wide enough term to cover that family of traditions (and it may not sound parochial as "Eastern ..." may sound to some); Catholic is here not called "Roman" which can also sound parochial; Reformational is used instead of "Protestant" because many of us "Protestants" hate that word (it sounds attached to something else, while in rebellion; it was used as a curse word by foes; and it doesn't cover reformational movements that existed prior to Martin Luther); and Restorational is used by adherents as an umbrella term. I would have used the term "Evangelical" instead of "Reformational" to cover Protestantism but some have a negative association with that term as well (not me, mind you - I love the term).

I'm going to change the intro page for now (because I hate having to wait to do something that in my mind seems to be a great solution), but I am holding off changing the existing department pages themselves until I get some feedback. -- Guðsþegn 00:08, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Hey, I really like this Department - Center metaphor; I think it could help clarify a lot. I wanted to suggest applying it to the Department of Biblical Studies as well.

 * --Opensourcejunkie 00:43, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

Comparative Religion
Hello All, I would like to see the creation of a school of comparative religion that can unify most of these schools of thought into a single curriculum that is more well established and has a higher degree of community cooperation. It seems like something we could all work together on.

 * I think this would be a great idea. We should start by creating the division of Comparative Religion and have certain subdivisions: (a) Mythology/metaphysics (b) Ethics (c) Practice ... These three areas could yield many interesting and profound comparisons. IAO131 19:55, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

 * There is a general feeling that the school/department metaphor may not be working well in Wikiversity. An alternative suggestion has been to create projects in the Topic namespace, ie, Topic:Comparative Religion. See: Wikiversity_learning_model/Discussion_group. Countrymike 20:22, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

 * This seems perfectly reasonable if it is a more effective route of organizing all of this information IAO131 20:43, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Okay, I added a department of comparative religion, it is very basic, so people can help by expanding it. Thank you all in advance. Magosgruss 21:36, 02.28.2008 (UTC)

Faculties
The faculties use too many odd naming conventions. Why separate it into 'dominant' & 'old,' 'historic' & 'tribal?' The 'dominant' ones are about as old as Zoroastrianism, but the latter is a just as significant monotheism, and so are some new ones such as Ayyavazhi and Baha'i.  The 'historic' ones are not just historic, but still practiced, and similar to the 'tribal' ones, though focusing on tribes is not the main idea. Instead of 'dominant' & 'old' we should have 'the great religions' (i.e. monotheisms or henotheisms,) and instead of 'historic' & 'tribal' we should have the pagan, ethnic, or cultural religions. These two and perhaps 'new religions' are the only categories needed.--Dchmelik 03:07, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Just so everyone is aware, the Sikh religion is, alas, less than a thousand years old (though I agree that it ought to be grouped with the "majors"). Meanwhile Zoroastrianism is God knows how many thousands of years old, and the major influence on pre-Islamic Iranian culture. The Druze religion just barely qualifies in terms of time, and hardly at all in terms of influence, and outside of Israel is often viewed as a sectarian form of Islam. In other words, borderline in every possible way.

 * I would suggest a cateogy of "major religions" defined as follows: more than 1 million followers, and/or more than 1000 years of history as a literate culture; and which has continued to exist up to the present day. (Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Druze, Baha'i, Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion, Shinto, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Caodaism, Yiguandao, Brazilian Spiritism.)

 * With the numerical bar raised to 10 million (but retaining the 1000-year loophole) we lose only the Baha'is, Caodaists, and Yiguandao followers. --Dawud

Meher Baba Dept.
Meher Baba is a person, not religion. Also, do we need to make an entire department for every Spiritual Master that did not found one of the 'great' or pagan religions? If so, there would be thousands of Departments. IIRC Meher Baba taught Vedanta and Sufism, so he should be a topic in the Sikh or Sant Mat depts. (Sant Mat could also be a Sikh topic.)--Dchmelik 03:07, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

God and donating body parts
this comment was moved from here I dont know if I am at the right place to ask. what God says about donating our body parts????
 * The answer depends on your religion, among other things. The Jade Knight 16:30, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

Wicca a new religion?
Is Wicca strictly speaking a new religion? I was under the impression that Wiccan trace their beliefs back to the Anglo-Saxon and Celtic world of the early centuries of the Common Era. AlistairReece 09:29, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

 * It seems to be a new religion, though many Wiccans say it is old; some of its ideas can be traced back far, but it also seems there are new ones, or at least ones that cannot be verified as old. The word 'Wicca' is actually based on the Anglo-Saxon words 'Wicche' and 'Wiccha,' but those meant types of priests or witches, and not a religion itself: classical words for religion were different than the root words of 'Wicca.'--Dchmelik 07:57, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Wicca is indeed a new religion, founded about 60 years ago, though it makes claims to antiquity (its founder, Gardner, claimed to have gotten the original Wiccan teachings from a coven of witches which traced its religious heritage back thousands of years). Frequently Wicca is claimed to be ancient Celtic religion in a modern form, but (as some people have pointed out in no uncertain terms) Wicca is not a Celtic religion.  The Jade Knight 16:33, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

Time Cube Studies
How does one go about establishing a department of Time Cube Studies? http://www.timecube.com

title: School talk:Theology


text:
Bahrudi

Bahrudi (, also Romanized as Baḩrūdī) is a village in Darbqazi Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 615, in 159 families.

title: Bahrudi


text:
User:The Anome/Pakistani railway station near-matches

These are near-matches (based on ignoring vowel differences) between un-geocoded Wikipedia articles within Category:Railway stations in Pakistan and entries for railway stations in Pakistan (CC1=PK, DSG=RSTN) in the NGA GNS database, together with proposed coordinates based on the near-match being correct. Where there are multiple database entry matches given here, they have been cross-checked to verify they all share the same coordinates.

Probables

 * all now bot-geocoded -- The Anome (talk) 17:28, 13 February 2015 (UTC)

More probables
Hathiyan railway station -> ['Hathian', 'Hathian Railway Station'] Hathiyan railway station 34.38587°N, 71.91837°W NEW Google Maps confirms road of same name nearby.

Uncertain, need checking
Noorpur railway station -> ['Nurpur Railway Station'] Noorpur railway station 31.08579°N, 72.62931°W NEW

Machur railway station -> ['Machar Railway Station', 'Machar'] Machur railway station 26.88096°N, 68.11623°W NEW

Pishok railway station -> ['Pishuk', 'Pishuk Station'] Pishok railway station 28.94417°N, 64.60639°W NEW

Bhumb railway station -> ['Bhamb Railway Station'] Bhumb railway station 32.3342°N, 71.39478°W NEW

Dinapur railway station -> ['Dunyapur Railway Station'] Dinapur railway station 29.80691°N, 71.72176°W NEW

Bahrianwala railway station -> ['Buhrianwala Railway Station'] Bahrianwala railway station 31.65278°N, 73.98889°W NEW

Nusrat railway station -> ['Nasrat Railway Station', 'Nasret', 'Nasrat'] Nusrat railway station 27.70952°N, 68.41764°W NEW

Bhun railway station -> ['Bhaun Railway Station'] Bhun railway station 32.87405°N, 72.75975°W NEW

Kutal Imara railway station -> ['Kutal Amara'] Kutal Imara railway station 29.35045°N, 71.63782°W NEW

Kalhora railway station -> ['Kalhoro', 'Kalhoro Railway Station'] Kalhora railway station 26.81217°N, 68.19726°W NEW


text:
Crested satinbird

The crested satinbird (Cnemophilus macgregorii), formerly known as the crested bird-of-paradise, is a species of bird in the satinbird family Cnemophilidae. It is found in the mountains of Papua New Guinea.

Taxonomy
The crested satinbird was formally described in 1890 by the English zoologist Charles Walter De Vis from a specimen that had been collected on Mount Knutsford near Mount Victoria in Papua New Guinea. He coined the binomial name Cnemophilus macgregorii. The specific epithet was chosen to honour the British colonial governor of New Guinea, William MacGregor.

The crested satinbird was formerly placed in the bird-of-paradise family Paradisaeidae with the English name "crested bird-of-paradise".

Two subspecies are recognised:

 * C. m. sanguineus Iredale, 1948 – the "red satinbird" found in montane central west, central east New Guinea; sometimes treated as a full species.
 * C. m. macgregorii De Vis, 1890 – the "yellow satinbird" found in montane south-eastern New Guinea.

Description
The crested satinbird is around 24 cm in overall length and weighs 79-125 g. The male of the nominate subspecies has bright yellow upperparts with a small erectile crest of 4 to 6 sickle-shaped dark-buff feathers that are usually concealed. The lores and underparts are a brownish black. The female is plain olive brownish above and light brownish below. The adult male of subspecies sanguineus differs from the nominate in having red dorsal plumage. These birds make harsh rasping calls and a low hissing.

Distribution and habitat
They are found in the mountains of eastern and southeastern New Guinea. The habitat is upper montane and subalpine forest where there is dense vegetation.

Food and feeding
The crested satinbird eats only fruits which are plucked and eaten whole without any manipulation using the feet.

Breeding
The breeding season is from August to January. The nest is built by the female and is placed 2 - 4 m above the ground on a branch of a tree. The nest has a globular shape with an entrance hole at the side. The clutch is probably only a single egg which hatches after an incubation period of at least 19 days.

title: Crested satinbird


text:
Talk:Billie Jean King Cup

It seems that we've managed to write a relatively long article about a team competition and not mention anything about team makeup. How many players on each team? The article doesn't say. By looking at the specifc articles for each nation's team, it seems that it was three originally and nowadays it is 4. But what about backup players? How many players can each team have on the side in order to replace someone if necessary? All of those are pertinent pieces of information for understanding this event that the article completely overlooks. Redux 13:26, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Further questions arising from team makeup: What about the Williams' sisters?? Surely they represented US over the period from 2000 ... yet 2000 was the last time US won the Cup!!? What's happening there? Did they not represent the US at all over that period? Why has US won no cup over the past 13 years with the consistent stunning performances of the Williams' sisters available to the country??<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:17, 10 November 2013 (UTC)

I noticed that in the map Crimea has been assigned to Russia. I do not thinks is correct in an Encyclopedia to implictly assume the position of one of the two conflict parties and therefore we should stick to the International Law, acoording to which the annexation has not been recognised. Otherwise we would create a precedence case for "nationalist point of views" for articles on any territorial dispute.

title: Talk:Billie Jean King Cup


text:
Briganti (surname)

Briganti is an Italian surname, associated with the Italian word Brigantaggio. Notable people with the surname include:
 * Giuliano Briganti (1918–1922), Italian art historian
 * Marco Briganti (born 1982), Italian footballer
 * Vince Briganti (born 1942), Italo-Belgian footballer
 * Vincenzo Briganti (1766– 1836), Italian naturalist and mycologist

title: Briganti (surname)


text:
Radoslav Pantaleev

Radoslav Dimitrov Pantaleev (born 5 July 1993) is a Bulgarian boxer.

He won a medal at the 2019 AIBA World Boxing Championships.

title: Radoslav Pantaleev


text:
Fire and emergency management/Airport rescue fire fighting

Airport Rescue Fire Fighter

 * Airport Rescue Fire Fighter
 * ARFF Driver Operator
 * P-18 Training
 * P-19 Training


text:
šah

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  shah
 * 2)  chess
 * 3)  check

Noun

 * 1) shah (Persian king)

Noun

 * 1) chess (two-player board game)
 * 2) check

title: šah


text:
St. Michael's Hospital

St. Michael's Hospital may refer to the following hospitals:

Canada

 * St. Michael's Hospital (Toronto)

Ireland

 * St. Michael's Hospital (Dún Laoghaire)

United Kingdom

 * St Michael's Hospital, Braintree
 * St Michael's Hospital, Bristol
 * St Michael's Hospital, Hayle
 * St Michael's Hospital, Linlithgow
 * St Michael's Hospital, Warwick

United States

 * Saint Michael's Medical Center, an historical hospital in Newark, New Jersey

title: St. Michael's Hospital


text:
Bon Voyage (1954 film)

Bon Voyage (Glückliche Reise) is a 1954 West German musical comedy film directed by Thomas Engel and starring Paul Hubschmid, Inge Egger and Paul Klinger.

The film's sets were designed by the art directors Emil Hasler and Walter Kutz. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin and on location in Hamburg and the Balearic Islands.

Plot
Robert Langen and Lutz Steffens are two scientists stationed on the desert island of Formitosa in the South Seas. Getting bored and a little homesick, they want to exchange letters with young women from their homeland and put a classified ad in a Hamburg newspaper. It does not take long before the two receive the first letters. Lutz gets mail from a Monika Brinkmann, while Robert's correspondent is called Eva Gordon. They are unaware that Eva Gordon does not know anything about her letter which was actually written by Monika on a whim.

When the two young scientists are recalled to their institute in Hamburg for a short time, they immediately pay a visit to the travel agency where Monika works. Robert is very pleasantly surprised when seeing Monika, who happens to be a part-time photo model. In contrast, Lutz is irritated by Eva's reaction when he finally meets her. It turns out that Dr. Eva Gordon is engaged to her boss, the somewhat distracted mathematics professor van Mühlen, and the wedding is supposed to be the next day. Outraged, Eva goes to the police to report the misuse of her name and photo. Monika has no choice but to admit the fraud and apologize to Eva. In the meantime, Eva has taken a liking to the cheeky young man. After some small confusions, two couples in love travel to Formitosa.

Cast

 * Paul Hubschmid as Robert Langen
 * Inge Egger as Eva Gordon
 * Paul Klinger as Mr. van Mühlen
 * Peer Schmidt as Lutz Steffens
 * Ina Peters as Monika Brinkmann
 * Margarete Haagen as Mrs. van Mühlen
 * Ernst Sattler as Onkel August
 * Alfred Balthoff as Fotograf Lankwitz
 * Emmy Burg as Tante Emilie
 * Charles Hans Vogt as Barbier
 * Ingrid Rentsch as Consuela, Barbier's wife
 * Renate Feuereisen
 * Kurt Vespermann
 * Hans Hessling
 * Walter Gross
 * Eva Lissa
 * Gerd Vespermann
 * Ilse Abel
 * Egon Brosig
 * Fritz Grieb
 * Paul Günther
 * Wolfgang Kühne
 * Annette Meilenthin
 * Klaus Miedel
 * Werner Schöne
 * Jenie von Lossow
 * Rieke Zbrzezny

title: Bon Voyage (1954 film)


text:
Talk:Wikiquote

Wikiquote
To delete, as per Wikispecies - any citations given would be mere mentions, hasn't got into the English lexicon. --Keene 11:39, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Wikispecies restored. DAVilla 14:04, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Keep as WMF jargon not specific to Wiktionary (and now properly tagged). Best, -- Visviva 11:57, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Delete. At best, it and wikispecies belong in a protolog-like list.  In addition, they're both sum of parts:  wiki + quote in this case.--Halliburton Shill 02:37, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * There is no way that this is sum-of-parts, nor is it unidiomatic (which is much more important). Delete it anyway. — Beobach972 03:22, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * This is a brand name, is it not? Let's apply my proposed criteria for inclusion of brand names. Can someone show me three references in independent media spanning a year which use the word without describing the product it represents? No? Delete. bd2412 T 02:47, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I dunno, this seems to show that your proposed criteria get a little blurry when dealing with non-physical entities. There are certainly plenty of Usenet hits (in groups not directly tied to WMF) of the form "here's something that was posted on Wikiquote: (url)" or "I saw something interesting on Wikiquote" the other day."  Neither of these mentions what Wikiquote is; but then again, does the presence of a URL indicate that this is a "mention" rather than a "use"?
 * IMO, the answer to this question doesn't actually matter, because providing an appropriately-tagged set of shared WMF terms is a useful and appropriate role for Wiktionary to play, just as it is appropriate for Commons to host copyrighted WMF logos that would be deleted on sight if they came from any other project. -- Visviva 11:25, 8 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Are Usenet hits even useable as sources towards the CFI? I thought we required materials to be printed (or at least "durably archived"). How can I search these Usenet hits? Cheers! bd2412 T 04:10, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, per the WT:CFI, "this naturally favors electronic media such as ...usenet groups, which are durably archived by Google."    I'm not actually sure how durable Google's archive can be assumed to be, but at any rate, Usenet/GGroups has been accepted as a valid source here for some time; and it's probably fair to say that there will always be *some* Usenet archive out there.  Ayway, see for example groups hits for "on Wikiquote".  Best, -- Visviva 04:22, 9 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I realize the outcome of this discussion is unlikely to hinge on this, but I have added 3 quotes from Usenet that would seem to meet the proposed criteria. Interested in feedback.  -- Visviva 04:41, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

Wikiquote
Replace with referring to the glossary that has wikijargon. DCDuring TALK 18:58, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Delete per Twitter:. Being a WMF site doesn't give it any exemption and possibly makes it even worse (incest). Equinox ◑ 19:00, 5 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Delete per Equinox. Mglovesfun (talk) 19:14, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

 * keep if so, then we should delete Wikipedia, Wikinews, Wikinewsie, etc. --Diego Grez 19:15, 5 June 2010 (UTC)
 * And Wiktionary, delete the lot, although Wikipedia has other senses. Mglovesfun (talk) 19:47, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

 * I would prefer to keep these, since no argument has ever been made that including WMF terminology poses any sort of threat to the project, and hosting such terms is of demonstrable value in raising our visibility (and capacity for recruitment) within the Wikimedia community. The only arguments against them seemed to be based on a ludicrously inflated idea of Wiktionary's status.  That said, excluding "WMF jargon" is supposed to be settled policy, and I'm confused as to why these weren't all deleted years ago. -- Visviva 21:03, 5 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes Visviva, per my comment below, we're supposed to delete them even when they can be cited per WT:Criteria for inclusion. Mglovesfun (talk) 21:58, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Keep per Diego. Also have the feeling that people are going around hacking apart this wiki with axes, when scalpels will suffice.  Purplebackpack89  (Notes Taken) (Locker) 21:27, 5 June 2010 (UTC)
 * FWIW I get equally annoyed by measured to exclude attestable terms used on Wikimedia projects like userbox which meets of the criteria necessary, about from a clause about WMF. IMO anyone who wants to keep this should want to keep the name of every attestable website on the web. But... those are all words in a language. Mglovesfun (talk) 21:45, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Do these meet the standard for attestation in WT:CFI? I don't think it was easy to find attributive use even for Wikipedia. The issue it seems to me is whether we eat our own dog food. I am reminded of US Congress which is not subject to many of the laws that it imposes on the rest of the US (eg, sexual harassment). We could be frank and decide to allow terms we favor (linguistics, wikijargon, etc) if there is a consensus to do so. DCDuring TALK 22:38, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Delete and why isn't this obvious? DAVilla 11:37, 20 July 2010 (UTC)

Replaced with . —msh210℠ (talk) 18:26, 1 September 2010 (UTC)

Comment regarding the RFD
If this is ever attested in sources that are durable and independent of each other and of the WMF, I dispute that there are grounds for excluding it. It's worth noting that our rules regarding various other classes of names (including placenames and personal names) have changed in various ways since 2010. - -sche (discuss) 03:35, 7 January 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wikiquote


text:
User:Silvia Guenther/sandbox

Danny Russell is a Berlin based British DJ, who has seen impressive international success through his consistent stream of productions and edits, most notably his 2018 release Watchin out, produced with Milan based duo, the Dirty Channels. The record was Mixmag’s ‘Tune of the month’ for July 2018, and instantly shot to Number 1 in the Juno vinyl sales charts across all genres, a position it held for several weeks. The record was subsequently licensed to Defected Records to be included on their ‘Most Rated 2019’ compilation after widespread festival and club play from DJ’s such as Dan Shake, Red Rack’em, Josh Wink, DJ Boring. Jeremy Underground and Giles Peterson. With Giles including it on his BBC Radio 6 Music show, and Dan playing it on his Sugar Mountain Boiler Room mix to thousands at the Australian festival.

Musical career
Danny’s 2016 debut release ‘Party All Night Long ’ on DJ Kaos’ Jolly Jams label became a big favourite for DJ’s such as James Murphy (LCD Soundsystem), Darshan Jesrani (Metro Area), Marcel Vogel, Luke Solomon, Jacques Renault, Danny Krivit, and DJ Harvey. This was followed by ‘Hoppers Rant’ and ‘Let’s Go’ released in 2017 and produced with Timothy Alexander. ‘Hoppers Rant’ went on to top the Beatport acid house chart, and ‘Let’s go’ became a summer hit with DJ’s like Neil Diablo (El Diablo’s Social Club), Ron Basejam (Crazy P), and Phat Phil Cooper, with Juno comparing it to releases by the Idjut Boys.

A DJ since 1998 and nephew of the legendary Hacienda Regular and Home Club Resident DJ Billy Caldwell, Danny honed his skills on the Manchester Underground scene and was a constant fixture at many of the city’s most reputable venues from The Attic and Zumbar to The Music Box and Sankeys. Berlin appearances have included venues such as Watergate, Suciide Circus, King Size, KitkatCub and Neue Heimat, and globally gigs across Europe, the U.S.A. and Mexico.

Beyond the club and festival circuit, Danny has also DJed at parties for major brands such as Native Instruments, Interview Magazine, Delivery Hero, Zenmate, Shazam, The Collective (at the Berlin Tech Open Air), as well as Pathe Films.

Discography

 * 26th Dec 2016: Danny Russell – Party All Night Long – Jolly Jams
 * 26th Dec 2016: Danny Russell – Well Disco – Jolly Jams
 * 11th Aug 2017: Danny Russell & Timothy Alexander – Let’s Go – Jolly Jams
 * 11th Aug 2017: Danny Russell & Timothy Alexander – Hoppers Rant - Jolly Jams
 * 13th Jul 2018: Dirty Channels vs Danny Russell – Watchin Out – Athens Of The North
 * 30th Nov 2018: Dirty Channels vs Danny Russell – Watchin Out – Defected
 * 11th Feb 2019: Yam Who? & Jaegerossa feat Jacqui George)- Delirium (Danny Russell & Ronald Christoph Remix) – Midnight Riot
 * 5th April 2019 - Danny Russell & Ronald Christoph – Rolling Jazz – Berlin Bass Collective
 * 17th July 2019 – Yam Who? & Jaegerossa feat Jacqui George)- Delirium (Ronald Christoph & Danny Russell Stisch Remix) – Paper Disco

title: User:Silvia Guenther/sandbox


text:
Talk:Ryan Freeland

UDP
I have just added an undisclosed paid tag to this article. For context, please see this thread at WP:COIN. , the user discussed there, is the creator of, and principal contributor to, this article. It will need a thorough review to ensure compliance with our content policies. Thanks and best, Blablubbs | talk 21:42, 8 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ryan Freeland


text:
Talk:Fundamental Mathematics/Arithmetic

I'm trying to create something appropriate for grade 1-3. --HappyCamper 20:59, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

Nice start!
I tried to get the entire 1-12 multiplication table on there but it would only show -9 in the box - the rest dumped onto the page in a long string! Oh well. If you know how to fix that I will put it all in (up to the usual 12, anyway). Keep it coming!sutton 17:46, 9 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh, the trick is to add a single space in front of the text you want placed in a box in Courier New font. I also made a table too, maybe that might be better? --HappyCamper 18:10, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fundamental Mathematics/Arithmetic


text:
Talk:Arthur Jerome Eddy

External links modified
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:06, 18 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arthur Jerome Eddy


text:
Gompers Preparatory Academy

Gompers Preparatory Academy (GPA, Gompers Prep or simply Gompers) is a public charter secondary school in San Diego, California, operated under the San Diego Unified School District in cooperation with the University of California, San Diego. It is located in the neighborhood of Chollas View, one of the lowest-income neighborhoods of the City of Southeastern San Diego. It serves grades 6–12 and has a student body of approximately 950. It was founded in 2005 as Gompers Charter Middle School; the high school was added in 2009 as Gompers Preparatory Academy, and the school graduated its first class of seniors in 2012. The academy is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.

History
Gompers opened in 1955 as a junior high school, named after labor union leader Samuel Gompers.

During the early 1980s Gompers was designated a math-science magnet school, as part of the school district's effort to integrate its schools in response to a 1977 court order, by attracting white students to predominantly minority schools. There were two separate educational programs at the school: a standard middle school program for students from the local neighborhood in grades 7 and 8 who then went to high schools elsewhere, and a grade 7-12 magnet school which attracted students from all over the district for its special emphasis on math and science. The magnet program recruited top teachers and became known for its high test scores and placement of students in prestigious colleges. It won dozens of national academic awards in science and social studies competitions. But neighborhood residents complained that the magnet program was not integrated into the school, that magnet students and neighborhood students had little contact, and that there was a strong racial disparity between students in the magnet and students in the "regular" program. Principal Marie Thornton set out in 1986 to change that culture by insisting on more integration of the programs and requiring magnet teachers to also teach classes to the non-magnet students. These changes were controversial and were supported by neighborhood parents but strongly resisted by parents of magnet students, as well as by teachers, many of whom had no training or experience teaching middle school students. By 1990 there was a 53% drop in voluntary white enrollment in the program, about half of the original magnet teachers had left for other schools, and the district identified "severe problems" at the school, including racial tension and gang violence.

By 2000 the math-science magnet had been closed and the schools had become Gompers Middle School and Gompers High School, which shared the campus. The schools were widely regarded as failing and even dangerous, as violence caused by clashes between local gangs was common. Vincent Riveroll came into this situation in 2004 as middle school principal, and together with a committed group of teachers and staff members, he "started the war to reclaim Gompers." He convened a committee of teachers and parents which began to push for a charter school. The proposal was strongly resisted by the school district, which at one point fired Riveroll as principal. But the committee persisted, UCSD joined the effort, and the district approved the charter school a few months later, with Riveroll returning as principal. Gompers Middle School became Gompers Charter Middle School. The charter middle school coexisted for two years with Gompers High School, which graduated its last class in June 2007. The high school campus was eventually taken over by the charter to become Gompers Preparatory Academy.

Curriculum
The school offers a rigorous high school college preparatory program of instruction, designed to prepare students for college. The academic program includes honors and advanced placement courses in history, math, science, and English. The curriculum is designed around the admission requirements for the University of California system. All students wear uniforms and discipline is strict.

Sports
Students at the academy can compete in softball, baseball, crew, basketball, soccer, track, tennis, lacrosse, volleyball, swimming, golf, and cross country. The school currently has a high school (sometimes middle school) team for almost every sport, the teams being versus multiple schools in their sports under the Gompers Eagles, formerly nicknamed the Wildcats.

title: Gompers Preparatory Academy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Natalie Ortega

The result was speedy delete per G5. — JJMC89  (T·C) 03:54, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

Natalie Ortega

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Purely undisclosed COI. Beasteggs (talk) 12:31, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Beauty pageants-related deletion discussions. Beasteggs (talk) 12:31, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Norway-related deletion discussions. Beasteggs (talk) 12:31, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Spain-related deletion discussions. Beasteggs (talk) 12:31, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of People-related deletion discussions. North America1000 12:39, 21 September 2019 (UTC)


text:
User:Rayvineszw/sandbox

One of Zimbabwe's young and upcoming comedians 'Ray Vines' has set a new twist to Zimbabwean comedy with his 'vine' videos on trending and topical issues in the country.

Born Melusi Chiripowako in Chitungwiza 19 years back, Ray Vines started doing his short videos, or vines, in April 2018 and has so far produced more than 70 some of which have gone viral on social media.

Chiripowako was part of the recently held Midlands State University (MSU) red carpet Glamour Awards held in Zvishavane where he received an award as one of Zimbabwe's rising stars.

Currently doing Computer Science at MSU, the young artist has gained tract in the Zimbabwean arts industry with his hilarious short videos, bringing the comedy side of Zimbabwean contemporary issues.

Chiripowako, in an interview with 263Chat, said vines are not yet that popular in Zimbabwe and thus decided to import the idea and introduce it to his fans, which has had satisfactory reception so far.

"I am doing what we call vines, first it was an application that I was using to mix my videos which I adopted which are popularly known as vines.

"Reception of the videos is quite impressive so far, we have significant number of followers on social media which shows that people are embracing the idea," he said.

The videos touch on Zimbabwe Socio-Economic and political issues ranging from trending political statements, Zimbabwean contemporary culture, the arts industry, economic situation among several others, as well as classic popular videos blended with his own.

"I use or mix some of the current trending videos and classic videos which used to trend back in the days.

"The vines are popular in America and I decided to adopt the method here in Zimbabwe after realizing that very few people were really into it," Chiripowako said.

Chiripowako has also worked with several artistes which include some of Zimbabwe's top music artists and comedians which include Nutty-O, DJ Tamuka and also appears in Enzo Ishall's hit song 'Vanodherera' alongside some of Zimbabwe's popular celebrities, Admire 'Bhutisi' Kuzhangaira and Samantha 'Gonyeti' Kureya.

Chiripowako says in his production, no expensive equipment is needed but only relying on his smart phone for recording and laptop for editing.

He says the vines are also a way to inform today's youths as they are into social media and as such videos keep them updated on current affairs.

"Looking at the modern youths who are much into social media, most can only learn of current affairs if they are presented in a funny way, which is what Ray Vines is also about, talk of infotainment or edutainment as some will say," he said.

He says he is assisted by a friend and fellow student at MSU in his work, Tinotenda 'Tiddy' Mandaza from Chinhoi and fully supported by his parents.

Ray Vines's Manager from HashTagZimbabwe, Mufaro Mufaro said Ray Vines will soon be going commercial turning the brand into business which will include selling of merchandise and a new comedy show.

"We want to take the brand commercial. What Ray Vines is all about is finding the humor side of trending issues in the country across the board, just like Trevor Noah's Daily Show, we don't have those kind of shows in Zimbabwe at the moment.

"Some of the projects which are upcoming for the young artiste include Mukukuzvi Interviews or show around prominent events that will be happening across the country, bring out those controversial and trending issues with a twist of satire to make it fun," Mufaro said.

We need to turn this brand into more of a corporate thing, turning these vines to business which becomes an entrepreneurial option for him after his studies apart from what he is studying for.

"We will soon be introducing t-shirts and his own merchandise under the brand 'Mukukuzvi' which is one of his (Ray Vines) phrases liked by his fans, a term that actually defines Ray Vines," he said.

"So we as HashTagZimbabwe, the ones managing his brand, we are promising more interesting vines and content from Ray Vines, making his brand more current and empowering youths in the arts sector," Mufaro added.

Ray Vines attended Tafadzwa Primary School in Chitungwiza before proceeding to Seke 1 High for his Secondary and Advanced level education before enrolling for his degree at MSU.

title: User:Rayvineszw/sandbox


text:
School:Philosophy

'A school is a large organizational structure which can contain various departments and divisions. The departments and divisions should be listed in the departments and divisions section. The school should not contain any learning resources. The school can contain projects for developing learning resources.'

According to Cicero (Tusculan Disputations V, III, 8), when Pythagoras was once asked who philosophers were, he replied that life seemed to him to resemble the games in the Olympic festival: some men sought glory, others to buy and sell at the games, and some men had come neither for gain nor applause, but for the sake of the spectacle and to understand what was done and how it was done. In the same way, in life, some are slaves of ambition or money, but others are interested in understanding life itself. These give themselves the name of philosophers (lovers of wisdom), and they value the contemplation and discovery of nature beyond all other pursuits.

Welcome
Welcome to the School of Philosophy. Philosophy is essentially the study of those questions for which science has not given us an answer. But ideally philosophy may question meaning and "love of wisdom". Philosophy concerns itself with such issues as the nature of reality, the existence of a higher power, ethics, logic, and the question of what we can really know. If there is a historical period of philosophy, a particular philosopher, or a school of thought that you think should be covered here, and isn't, please feel free to create a page for it, add whatever content you can, and link to it from within the appropriate department.

Departmental Outline of Philosophical Topics
Divisions and Departments of the School exist on pages in "topic" namespace. Start the name of departments with the "Topic:" prefix; departments reside in the Topic: namespace. Departments and divisions link to learning materials and learning projects. Divisions can link subdivisions or to departments. For more information on schools, divisions and departments look at the Naming Conventions. Note: there are additional philosophy pages that need to be imported from Wikibooks.

 * Initial Questions
 * Stoic Philosophy
 * Analytic Philosophy
 * Philosophy of Art
 * The History of Western Philosophy
 * Philosophy of Happiness

By-Laws (Draft)
The scope of the department of philosophy is discussion of an array of philosophical topics at various levels of competence; the development of competent, accessible expositions on a wide array of philosophical topics (the topics discussed shall be at least reflective of current philosophical thought and any topics out of the mainstream shall be required to include any charitable mainstream critiques of the topic), the development of a comprehensive listing of philosophical resources on the internet, the development of a departmental forum for the discussion and debate of policy, content, community.

The department of philosophy aims for the highest quality philosophical forums and resources in the world. Community shall be the highest priority of this department. Everyone is encouraged to contribute to departmental discussion and exposition. All that is required for successful contribution is compliance with policy. Policy can only encourage accessibility and clarity of content. Policy shall not censor any viewpoints. Members may discuss critiques of any views. By allowing critique, exposition facilitate expositions which are neutral.

Expositions shall be aimed at level typically expected of students at the tertiary level. Learners of any age and skill level can utilize discussion groups. If any particular exposition leads to any questions, the department encourages the learner to post all questions on the skill-level appropriate discussion group--as a community we will respond to questions.

Mission Statement

 * 1) To have fun
 * 2) To create and maintain a comprehensive resource for the study of philosophy
 * 3) To go about edits in an orderly fashion
 * 4) To develop and enforce quality standards
 * 5) To develop and maintain a community of passionate learners
 * 6) To educate about best practices when editing
 * 7) To acquire wisdom

Rules

 * 1) Participants shall maintain academic civility in all communication
 * 2) Be bold!
 * 3) Demand justification for all decisions
 * 4) Always look for and voice objections
 * 5) Be charitable when representing or responding to other's views

Courses
Beginner Level
 * Discussion: Beginner and Intermediate

Intermediate Level
 * 51a: Aristotle
 * PHIL 101 Introduction to Philosophy
 * 305: Introduction to Logic
 * 320: Ancient
 * 321: Early Modern
 * 322: Introduction to Metaphysics
 * 323: Introduction to Epistemology
 * 234.1: Introduction to Ethical Theory
 * 234.2: Introduction to Applied Ethical Theory

Advanced Studies
 * Major Canonical Philosophers: Plato, Aristotle, and Kant
 * 18th and 19th Century Philosophy
 * 20th Century Philosophy
 * Contemporary Ethical Theory
 * Contemporary Metaphysics
 * Contemporary Epistemology
 * 20th Century Aristotelian Analytics

Note: Areas are available for the beginner and intermediate competency levels. Your edits in  any area of advanced studies  shall reflect an awareness of the departmental by-laws, history of philosophy, meta-philosophy, and major trends in contemporary philosophy.

Discussion: Ethics

Discussion: Metaphysics

Discussion: Epistemology

Discussion: Proposals for a New Discussion Topic in Advanced Studies

Miscellaneous Topics in Philosophy and Related Areas
 * PHIL 391.1 Nonkilling Philosophy
 * PHIL 391.2 Nonkilling Anthropology
 * PHIL 391.3 Nonkilling Linguistics
 * Sciences

Learning Projects
 * Western Philosophy: A History (under construction)
 * Angel oracle
 * Buddha oracle
 * I Ching oracle

Learning Resources
Miscellaneous
 * Undergraduate Student Philosophy Journals
 * Historical Introduction to Philosophy - This is an Introduction to Philosophy course designed by the students of Mesa State College. It is constructed from a historical/topical view point.  Please click the above link to access our project.

Canonical Texts

I propose that the following list be doubled so as to include an external link where the reading material may be found online for free. If this list cannot be made so, perhaps an additional list should be compiled. This would make it much easier to 'get started.' Thanks!

General

 * Either/Or, by Søren Kierkegaard
 * Fear and Trembling, by Søren Kierkegaard
 * Philosophical Fragments, by Søren Kierkegaard
 * The Sickness Unto Death, by Søren Kierkegaard
 * An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, by John Locke
 * Cartesian Meditations: An Introduction to Phenomenology, by Edmund Husserl
 * Being and Time, by Martin Heidegger
 * Philosophical analysis in the 20th century, volumes I and II by Scott Soames.
 * Sophie's World, by Jostein Gaarder
 * The Gospel According to Larry, by Janet Tashjian
 * Are You a Machine, by Eliezer Sternberg
 * The Concept of Mind, by Gilbert Ryle
 * Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, by David Hume
 * Five Dialogues - Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo, by Plato
 * An Introduction to Metaphysics, by Henri Bergson
 * Symposium, by Plato
 * The Republic, by Plato
 * De Anima, by Aristotle
 * Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous, by George Berkeley
 * On the Advantage and Disadvantage of History for Life, by Friedrich Nietzsche
 * Meditations on First Philosophy, by Rene Descartes
 * Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, by Ludwig Wittgenstein
 * An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding,by David Hume
 * Freedom Evolves, by Daniel Dennett
 * Skeptical Essays, by Bertrand Russell
 * Being and Nothingness, by Jean-Paul Sartre
 * The Myth of Sisyphus, by Albert Camus
 * History of Western Philosophy, by Bertrand Russell
 * A History of Philosophy, by Copleston, Frederick, (1946-1975). Great Britain: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0-8264-6948-5.
 * The Problems of Philosophy, by Bertrand Russell
 * No Exit, by Jean-Paul Sartre
 * Nausea, by Jean-Paul Sartre
 * The Rebel, by Albert Camus
 * The Stranger, by Albert Camus
 * Thus Spoke Zarathustra, by Friedrich Nietzsche
 * Candide, by Voltaire
 * Critique of Pure Reason, by Immanuel Kant
 * The Laws, by Marcus Tullius Cicero
 * Civil Disobedience, by Henry David Thoreau
 * Notes From the Underground, by Fyodor Dostoevsky
 * Discourse on the Origin of Inequality, by Jean Jacques Rousseau
 * Phaedrus, by Plato
 * Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, by Robert M. Pirsig
 * Meno, by Plato

Departmental Message Board

 * Philosophy Department message board
 * Who is who in the Philosophy Department

List of Philosophical Resources on Internet
This is the gateway for information about the courses and philosophy in general. We hope that its size and scope will increase dramatically as participation in the School increases. We welcome input from all philosophies and philosophers.
 * The Library

This is a synopsis of theories and ideas during the development of philosophy over time.
 * Philosophy Dictionary of Arguments

Active participants
The histories of Wikiversity pages indicate who the active participants are. If you are an active participant in this school, you can list your name here (this can help small schools grow and the participants communicate better; for large schools it is not needed).

 * User:dchmelik 26 November 2017.
 * Since 4 November 2011 with Logic --Marshallsumter (discuss • contribs) 04:10, 21 January 2020 (UTC)

Inactive participants

 * executivezen
 * Richmac
 * Juan Maiz
 * Pedmands | talk
 * Princessportent
 * Mystictim
 * Loop
 * DErnestWachter<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>

 * liftyrfists
 * Markc 10:56, 16 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Nannus
 * Dionysios
 * johnkecops
 * Anderswohin 16.08.07
 * jjlearner
 * Hadi Jaafar April 03, 2008
 * Chocoman
 * xTHExONEx1
 * Daniel Jones

 * asaashok
 * Spock of Vulcan 01:09, 1 January 2011 (UTC)
 * User:GermanGamboaJr
 * L1ght5h0w

School news

 * 1 October 2014: Philosophy lecture started!
 * 8 March 2013: Theory lecture started!
 * 4 November 2011: Logic lecture started!
 * 2 November 2008: Metaphysics lecture started!
 * 6 July 2007: Knowledge lecture started!
 * 21 February 2007: Ethics lecture started!
 * 16 February 2007: Epistemology lecture started!
 * 24 September 2006: Philosophy message board started

title: School:Philosophy


text:
Ubuntu (film)

Ubuntu is a 2017 Marathi language drama film which is produced and directed by Pushkar Shrotri

Cast

 * Shashank Shende as Sarpanch
 * Sarang Sathaye as Mastar
 * Umesh Jagtap as Razzak
 * Bhagyashree Shankpal as Gauri
 * Kanha Bhave as Sanket
 * Atharva Padhye as Abdul
 * Arati More as Salma
 * Shubham Pawar as Vikas
 * Arya Hadkar as Chandu
 * Purvesh Kotian as Madhav
 * Chaitrali Gadkari as Ankita
 * Arya Saudagar as Manju
 * Balkrushna Raul as Balkrushna
 * Yogini Pophale as Gauri's Mother
 * Smruti Patkar as Sarpanch's Wife
 * Kalpana Jagtap as Abdul's Mother
 * Satish Joshi as Villager

Release
Ubuntu released on 15 September 2017 with English subtitles in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Goa, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.

Box office
The film started with a low occupancy but the evening shows picked up and went higher in terms of occupancy and collection. As per reports, the 1st day box office collection for Ubuntu tolled to around 1.2 crores on the box office.

Music
The songs for the film are composed by Kaushal Inamdar.

title: Ubuntu (film)