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Talk:Bill Sirs

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title: Talk:Bill Sirs


text:
declutch

Verb

 * 1) To disengage the clutch on a vehicle or other engine with PTO

Derived terms

 * double-declutch

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: declutch


text:
When Darkness Falls (1960 film)

When Darkness Falls (Swedish: När mörkret faller) is a 1960 Swedish thriller film directed by Arne Mattsson. The film is based on Maria Langs 1954 novel Tragedi på en lantkyrkogård. The film stars Nils Asther, Karl-Arne Holmsten, Birgitta Pettersson, Elsa Prawitz, Adolf Jahr, Mimi Nelson and George Fant. It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director Barbro Lindström. It was followed by a sequel Lovely Is the Summer Night in 1961.

Plot summary
The young orphan girl Elisabeth from Stockholm is going to celebrate Christmas with relatives in Västlinge vicarage. When she arrives the day before Christmas the local shopkeeper is meant to pick her up at the station, but because of a misconception, Elisabeth is left to walk alone in the dark, in the deep snow all the way to the house. There she is warmly welcomed by the vicar Tord Ekstedt and his daughter Lotta, but the Christmas stillness ends abruptly when they on Christmas eve finds out that the shopkeeper has been found brutally murdered in his shop.

Cast

 * Nils Asther as Tord Ekstedt
 * Karl-Arne Holmsten as Christer Wijk
 * Birgitta Pettersson as Elisabeth Rydén
 * Elsa Prawitz as Barbara Sandell
 * Adolf Jahr as Connie Lundgren
 * Mimi Nelson as Hjördis Holm
 * George Fant as Arne Sandell
 * Sif Ruud as Frideborg Jansson
 * Hjördis Petterson as Tekla Motander
 * Anna-Maria Giertz as Lotta Ekstedt
 * Bengt Brunskog as Mårten Gustavsson
 * Eva Sjöström as Susanne Motander, Tekla's daughter
 * Sigge Fürst as docent Ahlgren, doctor
 * Maritta Marke as Alice Broman, Connie Lundgren's sister
 * Sven-Erik Jacobsson as Carl Sixten

title: When Darkness Falls (1960 film)


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Portal:Environmental engineering

Here is where participants create, organize and develop learning resources for environmental engineering. Environmental engineering is the application of scientific and engineering principles to improve the natural air, water, and/or land resources, to provide healthier water, air, and land for human habitation and for other organisms, and to unpollute polluted sites.

For your information, the "topic" namespace contains pages that are for management and organization of small academic units at Wikiversity such as departments (see: Topics).

Learning projects

 * See: Learning Projects
 * See: Learning model.

Learning materials and learning projects should be in the main namespace. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.

Sanitary Engineering

 * Hydrology
 * Drinking water treatment
 * Wastewater treatment

Wikiversity uses the "learning by doing" model of education. We learn by doing.

User descriptive names for learning projects.

Related readings

 * Environmental engineering

Related news

 * November 2008 A green future for scrap iron
 * March 2007 Bacterium could treat PCBs without the need for dredging

title: Portal:Environmental engineering


text:
Portal talk:Physical Sciences

If you want to experiment with a radical new version of Portal:Physical Sciences you can work at Portal:Physical Sciencesnew.

If you update featured content on this portal, make sure that you update Portal:Physical Sciences/Featured.

Some of the departments are in the wrong school
Surely some of the departments are in the wrong school? Instead of being in School:Physical Sciences, they should go in School:Engineering and Technology, namely, the departments of <IP_ADDRESS> 12:51, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Electronics
 * Information Studies
 * Mechanics
 * Robotics

I agree. Also mathmatics isn't a physical science. I suggust we make it a school rather then a department. <IP_ADDRESS> 01:13, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

New page format
I have started Portal:Physical Sciencesnew where we can make a new version of Portal:Physical Sciences. My main goal is to include featured content and links to other Wikiversity content about physical science. --JWSchmidt 15:42, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

Coordinate ourselves
I think we should take advantage of the fact that, by now, we are little in numbers to eliminate the disadvantages of, well, being little in numbers. I mean, it's kind of discouraging when nobody helps you in writing something. But we can avoid it happening if we know each other and what each other is doing, so we can concentrate efforts on a few topics at once. And now that we are few we can do it.

We can fill a list like this one to present ourselves:

Graduate students
Zhang Yi

4th year

 * User:Jorge

2nd year
Deshi

Other

Then we can begin to selects topics to work on and, when we feel it is well developed, or when someone simply gets bored of it, another topic is proposed. For example, I was intending to begin my work here structuring and providing content for a course on Statistical Mechanics because I just had it at University and loved it. Those of us who know about the topic can create content, and those who don't can be "the students" asking about every single word they don't understand.

Any opinions? You are all invited to put yourselves down in the list above, of course. Best regards --Jorge 00:40, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

 * There is also Portal:Engineering and Technology/Participants. --JWSchmidt 01:37, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Consider including yourself in the list here and maybe proposing a topic ;) --Jorge 21:45, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

Seems like nobody actually liked the idea lol --Jorge 04:12, 4 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Wikiversity is very new. Not many people come to this talk page. A link to Portal:Engineering and Technology/Participants or to this page and an invitation to participate could go on the portal page itself. You can try to develop collaborative groups at the content development projects. --JWSchmidt 16:12, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't think there are enough people to worry about categorizing them, just yet. Also, it takes more than just a few days to attract attention to new projects.  Might be better to start just listing our interests and what we're doing.  I'm active working on Topic:Astronomy and Observational astronomy right now.--mikeu 19:10, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, the categorization was just for the others to have an idea of what do we know (so if I want to work on subject X I can go telling it to users Y and Z). E.g., I still don't know a word about astrophysics, and just know the basics of astronomy; nor do I know still about quantum electrodynamics (it will come, it will come =)). But you're right: it can work well by just listing what we are (and are interested in) doing, and letting those who can and want to collaborate to offer themselves.

 * Another benefit of disclosing the subjects we master is that it allows for questions to be directed to the right users (which is more efficient -now that we are few- than posting them in some talk page). But maybe a better option is to have a common place in which to post (Physics related) questions (this way users are not disturbed directly: we'll just find questions when we look for them). I think question answering would greatly improve our (at least my) will to contribute. (And as an aside, our contribution would be directly useful to someone, which could eventually join our ranks).

 * So here I go: I'm currently working / wishing to work on:
 * Statistical mechanics (all of them) || Study guide:Statistical mechanics
 * Quantum mechanics: perturbation theory, variational method, second quantization, the solution of the harmonic oscillator, the hydrogen atom, etc., identical particles, quantization of angular momentum, and sum of angular momenta, and maybe something else || Hydrogen atom,Canonical quantization,Boson operators
 * Classical Special Relativity, or Electrodynamics, as you like: Relativistic formulation of electromagnetism, doppler, relativistic dynamics, collitions, and more basic subjects of special relativity || Study guide:Special relativity
 * Fluid dynamics: Euler and Navier-Stokes equations, waves (gravitational -depth h, infinite depth, small depth- and capillar, derivation of the minimal group speed due to adding both effects), solution of a flute (deriving the natural musical scale and the correction we do to it)
 * Quantum Physics: Dirac notation (and space and momentum representations) || Study guide:Quantum mechanics I,Schrödinger equation
 * --Jorge 01:28, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

 * "Another benefit of disclosing the subjects we master is that..." <-- My first impression looking at the list above is that some people might read it and get the impression that they need formal academic training to contribute here because of the emphasis on university categories.  The other schools here seem to list interest by subject: School:Mathematics.  But, to answer your question, I'm an astronomer at the Ladd Observatory.

 * "But maybe a better option is to have a common place in which to post (Physics related) questions..." <--  I agree that we could use a more organized way of directing questions to the right people.  I created a page for astronomy questions called Topic:Astronomy/Help desk which is on my watchlist so I will know when questions get posted.  We could create a new help desk for physics, and then add it to Category:Help desks.--mikeu 18:46, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I hope it's not read that way. I'm new here, so I'm not to tell anybody what or what not to add. It's just what I know and want to add.
 * I've just created School:Physics/Help desk. We should advertise it somewhere. --Jorge 23:24, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

electric circuits and resistance
concepts of e.m.f., potential difference, resistance, etc..I can't understand this topics Christian Merlyn (discuss • contribs) 17:13, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Physical Sciences


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Lincoln School (Oskaloosa, Iowa)

Lincoln School is a historic building located in Oskaloosa, Iowa, United States. Built in 1921, it is a late design of Iowa architect Frank E. Wetherell. It is believed to be the first modern, single-story school building in the state. Decorative elements in terracotta are liberally used on the exterior. The interior follows an open plan that maximized the use of light and air into each classroom. The gymnasium, manual training, and domestic science areas were rather new concepts for elementary schools when the building was built. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

title: Lincoln School (Oskaloosa, Iowa)


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Lucid Dreaming/FAQ

This page is created solely for people to edit in any questions they may have regarding lucid dreaming. The authors (or others) can then post their answers (not necessarily definite—remember that we aren't author-ities *grin*). If you have a question, edit it in here and someone will try to answer it for you. And if you have an answer, by all means do contribute!

(Note: Although it's not necessary to sign your questions, always sign your answer!)

(Another note: Please preserve the alphabetical order of the FAQ.)

== When using the counting technique for induction, I always stop counting at some point and crash. The other techniques have their own little issues I can't work out (being a programmer, this really puts my nads in a salad shooter). Are there any computer programs I can run on a laptop that will somehow remind me that I am dreaming? == --Vampirism44 (talk) 22:59, 10 May 2009 (UTC) Yes, there are computer programs you can use. Just look at the software section in induction techniques. As for the counting technique, when you "crash", simply start counting from 1 again.

Lucidity has become chance for me, and even then it only occurs once every two weeks. Is there anything I can try to make it a 100% possibility per night?
== As lucid dreams are rare for me, this little bug really sucks. I gain lucidity, and when I try to give my dream a basic command (Like turning my hands blue, or making my sister explode), I wake up as the command takes effect. Even when I focus on something (my hands or the explosion), I wake. How do I combat this? ==

When doing some things (that wont work in real life) I sometimes start to slip out of it. What I do is just stop for a second (as the dream has become simply me with my eyes closed, imagining things) and just relax. Dont do any fast movements and soon you'll slip back into your little fantasy of blue hands and exploding siblings

Why do people want to move during sleep paralysis? I have had it about 3 times and have never tried to move.
Because for many of the people who experience this it is entirely accidental and so it is not a comfortable feeling at all. I have had sleep paralysis on roughly 4 occasions, all of them when I was younger except for one time around six months ago and none of them occured on purpose.

== I use the MILD, WILD, and counting induction processes at the same time. I experience sleep paralysis as "I'm breathing in, but I cant breathe out", and when ym lungs are full, it's REALLY uncomfortable. Also, if I stay this way for 20 secs, my entire room seems to twist, and I see a strange "screensaver" type thing. When I finally breathe out, everything clears, and I become lightheaded. Is there a chance that this is normal? ==

Probably. A lot of weird things happen during sleep paralysis (frequently including discomfort), and I've never heard of anyone actually getting hurt or dying because of sleep paralysis. Just relax.

Is it possible to use the WILD process with a little background noise? (Small pets moving in their cage, 20Db)
Some actually prefer to have some background noise. They concentrate on the noise, after some time, it becomes distorted.

I keep losing lucidity after I try to do something after "pausing" a lucid dream. How do I combat this? (Eg, pausing, then slapping the person in front of me, and I can't seem to lift my hand)
--Vampirism44 (talk) 00:29, 6 May 2009 (UTC) If you can't move your hand after slapping somebody, this is not losing lucidity. Rather, you probably regained the sense of your physical body and tried to move it rather than your dream body. To combat this, try focusing on the dream as much as possible and then try to move your hand. If this doesn't work, than try to genuinely believe that you will be able to move your hand in your dream, relying on the Placebo effect.

For how long do u have to experience the buzzing sensation in WILD before you become paralyzed?
anon: For me the paralysis goes pretty much hand in hand. After like a minute of buzzing I start to feel like I'm falling through my bed. If i try waking up after the "falling through my bed" has started, I almost every time end up having sleep paralysis. This freaked me out a lot of times in the beginning. Now, whenever i get the buzz, I just try to wait for it and let myself float away till my dream starts. Of course this could also be a placebo for me.

==A few of my normal dreams have had some good imagery, but none have had real vividness (e.g. proper sound, the brush of air etc.). I have not had a lucid dream, to the best of my ability, but am trying. Is it likely that a lucid dream would be more realistic in terms of my perceptions than a normal dream?==

Xgamer4: Not just likely. That's almost always the case. I'm not sure why that is though. One way to actually stay lucid is to, in-fact, focus on something in the dream. A wall, flower, plant, anything, and it helps keep you lucid.

Exabyte: I think that we don't remember normal dreams in much detail because we often don't pay much attention to those details (brush of air, fans running, etc.) in waking life, so our brains don't think to create them. When we are lucid, however, we often want to see how realistic dreams can be, so we look for details that we don't normally pay attention to. Thinking of these details causes our brains to create them. That's just my speculation, though.

Also, take into account that, although we perceive the world through the 5 senses, generally only one of them is the main neural path into the brain, so the other senses get, like, dimmed as our brain dedicates more resources to that main sense. What this means is that you can remember more of a dream's visuals but only some of the hearings, or more of the hearings but none of the touch; as a matter of fact, as far as I have known, few people remember the tastes of their dreams.

Ksd5: We don't remember normal dreams in much detail, because when we are sleeping, our memory receptors are not as active.

==Could someone please describe the sensation of sleep parilysis during WILD? Because I keep getting close to falling asleep while counting but I jerk myself awake because I suddenly think 'I'm gonna choke' or 'I won't be able to breathe!', And I want to be fully prepared for it.==

vodkeiro: I once had a sleep parilysis. I'm not sure if I was trying to have a Lucid Dream. What happened to me was that, I was having a nightmare, so I started to think loudly (inside the nightmare) "I wanna leave this place, NOW!". Suddenly, I woke up, I was in my room, and as it happens when someone has a nightmare, i tried to sit on my bed. There was the problem, I couldn't move, I "moved", but on the next second, I was again at the beginning, like when in a game, where you die and go back to the beginning as if nothing had happened. I tried to yell, scream, shout, everything, but nothing happened. After a few tries, I could move, but I was still a little scared. So, I don't think you'll think "I'm gonna choke", as you'll get really scared by not being able to move, so you're probably not thinking anything else.

Azmisov: Whenever I go into sleep paralysis my eyes start to flutter very rapidly and I see bright flashes of light. I have never had a painful deathly experience, although it can sometimes be a little uncomfortable. Usually, (I guess it depends on the person) it will last less that 30 seconds. This also depends on how fast you can transition into a lucid dream or astral travel.

When going into your dreams using WILD you may feel things like vibrations, falling and yes, choking.these are perfectly normal and more importantly safe. just stay calm and the feelings will eventually stop.

Alessandro<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
I have had lot of sleep paralysis, and I was very scared about it: gonna choke, gonna die, cannot move, arhg! But, after reading 'bout LD I got very interested in this phenomena and I started to wait fot getting it again. Just this night (I was very tired, it was 5o clock) it happened again. I just remained really quiet, enjoying this sensation: if you get sure that nothing is gonna harm you, 't's like a fantastic total body orgasm!Then I've had THREE consecutive LD, two false awakening and a long, long and very clear dream. So, just keep quiet and IMAGINE!

(sry if tis answer is not regular: I'm not english and I'm still euforic about the night!)

--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:34, 18 December 2007 (UTC) I have experienced sleep paralysis a few times, the first time was after a lucid dream, I saw myself in a white bed with me(in reality I was sleeping on the couch) from side view, and didn't feel like moving untill after I woke up; I was 3/4 asleep so I didn't panic. the second time was after a non-lucid dream that ended in me pressing a red button, I heard strange highly pleasant music, felt emotions of euphoria and tranquility, and saw a scary, conspicuously sharp toothed monster leaning over me. The other times I don't remember. Everything I've read about sleep paralysis has said something different, so I guess it varies from person to person.

==For the last 3 years I have been getting what I thought was sleep paralysis, but since learning about lucid dreaming, I think my experiences are a form or at least a gateway to lucid dreaming. Is there a link between the two? (in short, i know that I am dreaming but often the dream is of me lying in my bed in my room, or a place similar to my room, so it can be confusing. It is unpleasant, as I feel a strong desire to wake up from the dream state but can't. I usually try screaming, or moving vigorously- i can't move properly or just roll off my bed(in the dream))==

Tharenthel: What's most important is to not doubt (even slightly) that you can move, and you'll be able to move. In a dream, whatever you believe you can do, you can do (though it can be hard to convince yourself of that sometimes). If you have trouble completely convincing yourself that you can move, you could try treating the dream sleep paralysis like real sleep paralysis. Use the WILD technique (while paralyzed in the dream) to separate your paralyzed dream body and a second "spirit" dream body (read the paragraph about sleep paralysis in the WILD section).

How good should your dream recall be before you attempt lucid dream induction techniques?
Xgamer: You should be remembering at least 1 dream every night though more is better. The main thing though is to just try when you are comfortable. Due to placebo you might get a lucid dream with less than that if you believe.

evilshiznat: Trying out the induction techniques is probably good while getting better at recall. It'll help you get used to it more, and once you get to one dream per night, you'll be all set.

KC: Developing your dream recall above zero is obviously necessary, but you better set your own pace. You could start trying the induction techs out right away, just don't be disappointed if you don't get immediate results.

I have difficulty telling the difference between dreams and reality - not during the dream itself, but when I remember things. Can I exploit this to induce lucid dreams?
Xgamer4: While I can't say I know much about it, having difficulty telling differences between dreams and real life in a memory happens to me also. It tends to be a common occurrence I think. It's even mentioned somewhere else here. On actually using it to induce a lucid dream, you could try incubating a dream. Other than that, I really don't know. Try stuff though and see if it works. If it does, tell us. If not, well, you tried.

==Is that possible to have a dream about having a lucid dream? I had a dream in which I had done a reality test and it showed that it was a dream. I walked through the wall, but I was too scared to jump from the window. In my nearly-lucid dreams I never think what I am doing, even when it is something strange. I just do. When I wake up, I often remember my dreams as if I were someone else watching myself in dream. Is that normal?==

--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:42, 18 December 2007 (UTC) One question at a time mate. You cannot have a dream about having a lucid dream, that would be a lucid dream. I advise you to jump out of the window next time, doing something you are scared to do in a dream often has amusing results. It is normal to remember dreams as if you are someone else watching yourself, it's such a common feature in a dream that someone should come up with a name for such a dream.

I suggest you ignore the above comment, it is certainly possible to have a lucid dream about having a lucid dream. I can attest to this from experience. This will feel like a normal dream, which is what you seem to be describing. You may be aware that concentrating on a subject heavily will often influence your dreams - if you have been studying for a difficult test, you might have a dream about passing or failing it. If you have been recently been enjoying the company of a new girlfriend or boyfriend, they may appear in your dreams too. Likewise, if you have been looking into lucid dreaming and consciously focusing on it, you may have a dream that you are lucid dreaming. Don't read into it too much. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk)

==My dreams are often very realistic, e.g. I feel the wind blowing. But when I'm dreaming, I act like in a real life! I can't recognise my dreams that they are dreams. I've found out about lucid dreams about a month ago. I'm trying to have one, but I never had. What can I do to recognise my dreams as a dreams and have at last lucid dream? (Sorry for my English, I'm still learning! ;))==

Tharenthel: Other than trying some of the induction techniques, your best bet is probably to get in the habit of doing reality checks at certain times throughout the day. For example, you might do a reality check every time you wake up, use an elevator, or drive a car. It's best to choose events that happen frequently in your dreams, obviously. Keeping a dream journal will help your subconscious get used to any differences between your dreams and waking life (there probably are some subtle differences, even if you don't notice them), and improve your dream recall—you might have already had a lucid dream but just never remembered it! (I've had lucid dreams and not remembered them until hours after I woke up before, so it's definitely possible.) Also, if you have any books on lucid dreaming, reading one just before you go to sleep can help a lot since you'll be thinking about it as you fall asleep.

==Sometimes I've had dreams where I think I know I'm dreaming, but I still have limited control. I can never fly or anything, even though I actually try. Is there anything I can avoid just 'dreaming' that I know I'm dreaming?==

You must suspend all disbelief when attempting to do out of the ordinary things in a dream. Jumping off a building or a staircase is a good way to force yourself to fly. With time, you can just jump and fly wherever you want. Personally, during my first lucid experience, I couldn't move my body at all, but I got the hang of it eventually.

This almost seems religious, the idea of becoming your own god in your dream. What effect does Lucid Dreaming have on your spiritual life?
Xgamer4: I honestly can't say. Being Mormon, it doesn't seem to affect me very much. Mormons believe we were put on this earth to experience everything we possibly can in a life time and to return to living with the creators and helpers. To me, LDing, heck, just dreaming in general, is a way to experience many more things we couldn't experience in real life. I mean seriously, in real life, when are you going to get to fly around the world freely, or get chased by some scary thing then confront it, and it tells you why it's chasing you, or be chased by a lion in the middle of a jungle, or talk to people about anything while not worrying about being embarassed or ashamed of what you did, or etc.?

KC: Lucid dreaming in itself will not have an effect on your spiritual life, unless you want to use it for such a purpose (soul-searching and such). However, fear is one of the biggest obstacles in your way to lucid dreaming, and so are negative expectations. You are the person who controls your spiritual life, but if you need counseling, seek it from a proper representative of your own religion. My personal advice would be to drop any extra religious/spiritual baggage before you try lucid dreaming, but it's your choice.

[Gene] Lucid Dreaming is an essential indicator of higher awareness in many spiritual systems. See Ken Wilber, Buddhism, Ramana Maharshi. The ability to remain self-identified in dreaming sleep and (non-dreaming) deep sleep indicates awareness of higher bodies, the subtle self and the causal Self, respectively. This is normally achieved only after many years of meditation (which itself can be said to be a practice of release from object-relations). Dreaming sleep is a subtle body (mental) experience and deep sleep is a causal body (spiritual) experience. Most people associate their waking state awareness as "consciousness", but this is a consciousness that is formed in a context of object-relations, which objects help to identify "me" and "not me". When there are no perceived (external) objects, such as in deep sleep, can you identify your Self? It is a milestone of human development when infants achieve object constancy (maintain awareness of where an object is even if it is no longer in view), and is is also a milestone of development, though rarely achieved, to maintain self awareness even in the midst of no perceptions, ie. deep sleep. (e.g. even in a sensory deprivation chamber, one can perceive or feel their body). Ramana Maharshi (probably acknowledged as a true spiritual adept across more religions and spiritual disciplines than anybody) said "if it's not real in deep dreamless sleep then it's not real" meaning only that the highest causal Self (god) is real, and that the rest of typical human experience is transitory.

[b77] Expanding on Gene's comment above, I fully agree that restoring your self-awareness and retrieving your own identity during the LD is another milestone for humans' mental development. While I am deeply not convinced about any spiritual claims (religions and alike) and while I always try to find a 'scientific' reason for their existence, I believe that there is truly more to this universe than the science can account for or can 'reasonably' accept as plausible. So, if indeed death is not just The End, then the mere practice of restating/redefining yourself while in the middle of a LD would pave the way to controlling your death experiences, when the time comes. ...that is, if you're lucky enough to have time to prepare yourself... In other words, just as we have so much difficulty escaping those 'serious' nightmares—simply because we're not aware of their virtuality—I believe that whatever godly or ungodly experiences one may have on their final minutes are eventually conditioned by one's expectations and beliefs (see placebo question below). So, I would say that practicing LD and also keeping an eye on your own ideas and expectations about the other world could actually ensure a nice last trip out of here. And well, I would be happy to know that someone who is afraid of hell, of devils and alike, could eventually become aware that, whenever and wherever you may be, the one thing that cannot be destroyed in any way is your being (and staying) aware of yourself, as well as finding a single untouchable spot of self in the middle of whatever 'happens' around you. As someone who had to learn at some point to ignore an awful durable physical pain just to avoid losing mind, I eventually realized that a mental barrier between the self and the rest (including body), as hard to make and maintain as it is, may be the only apparent solution in such extreme cases. So yes, do play with LD, play it safe, don't ask too much too fast, and you'll surely be more than happy about your new invisible power :)

What are the benefits of lucid dreaming (aside from achieving personal interests)? Are there any negative aspects?
Question asked by Ivlarx 09:40, 24 Jan 2005 (UTC)

R3m0t: On the forum I frequent, LD4all, there is a large bias towards people who "just wanna have fun" (eheh) in their dreams. Popular targets include sex, flying, and shapeshifting.

There are stories in Exploring the World of Lucid Dreaming of people who found their dreams realistic enough to rehearse speeches, or create baking recipes. There were also stories that simply becoming lucid was an extremely fun experience in itself.

A small amount of people have overcome the fears from their nightmares in their lucid dreams. The chapter about it in EWLD (the book) is available as a free sample here.

Finally, there are people who use lucid dreams as a springboard to reach shared dreams (or "dreamwalking"), precognitive dreams, out-of-body experiences, and astral projection. I'm not sure myself why they want those (I imagine out-of-body experiences are fun because you can see your own body) but apparently some people do. I don't believe in shared and precognitive dreams myself and I also don't believe that out-of-body experiences and astral projection really are due to something (spirit, soul?) moving away from your body.

As for negative, I think that the section in ../Introduction covers that very well. The only thing it omits is obsession. ;) r3m0t (cont) (talk) 07:34, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)

One negative thing is it's harder to be an early riser. You want to sleep more. CannibalSmith (talk) 16:13, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

What is the placebo effect?
The placebo effect occurs when something happens just because you believe it will. It strongly affects the nature of lucid dreams.

I suffered nightmares for many years (a result of abuse as a child), although they declined in my thirties. In my forties I began to become aware when a dream was beginning to turn into a nightmare, now 3 things can result from that lucidity: 1. My most satisfactory result is when I can I alter/divert the next stage of the dream, and it continues without nightmare; 2. I have difficulty diverting the dream sequence but tell myself I must wake up, and do; 3. I cannot just wake up, but I know I need to ask for help. I make myself speak/moan, which takes a lot of effort within the dream, but it always wakes my husband, who then wakes me up.

When I try to use the WILD technique, I feel a stron urge or tiredness to stop concentrating and go to sleep. Is this normal? It happens early when I first start.
--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:54, 18 December 2007 (UTC)This has happened to me when I tried holding my arm up to keep myself awake. Is that what you are doing? Maybe you are staying too awake, In that case you should relax and let your "awareness" drop, try to find out how aware you need to be before your awareness drops so far you fall asleep, and aim just above that level.

Which site would you recommend to go to to discuss lucid dreams and such?
KC: Take a look at the newsgroup alt.dreams.lucid too. If you're not familiar with the Usenet, you can reach it via Google Groups.

r3m0t: I'm a frequent poster on LD4all. Unfortunately, LD4all has a few problems - the site is sometimes slow, the forum categories are less than perfect and there are plenty of repeated questions and postings (this is partly why the wikibook exists).

Xgamer4: I'd recommend LD4all. It has many forums to discuss with many other LD'ers. In fact, this wikibook is mainly the product of the board-goers at LD4all.

==it's possible to dream inside another dream?, I remember long time ago a lucid dream where I was in my home, then I tried go to bed to try sleep but when I tried to do that the dream ended spontaneously...==

It is possible to dream that you are dreaming, or to even dream that you have a lucid dream. The difference between dreaming you are lucid and actually being lucid is the fact that when not actually lucid, you have no control over the dream. However, I am unsure if it is possible to have a dream in which you go to sleep and continue a different dream. Dylnuge

Something like this happened to me. It felt like a normal dream, but i knew that i was dreaming. I had superpowers and this, but i couldn't control my dream.

I had somehing odd happen to me. Many years ago I awakened as usual one morning. Everything looked and sounded as it should. My wife was still sleeping. When I looked at her again, she started shapeshifting, an obvious absurdity in reality. I was speechless and shocked. Suddenly I realized I was dreaming and greatly relieved. I woke up, got out of bed, went to the bathroom and something made me realize I was dreaming yet again. This was in a way more shocking than the first false awakening because it was all so real and I wondered how far could this regress. At that point I awoke and found myself still in bed. This time I was not dreaming. A false awakening has never happened since.

i wanted to experience the OBE thing... how am i supposed to do that???
Azmisov: Many of the techniques shown here can be implemented into an OBE/astral travel experience. OBEs usually involve experiencing vibrational forces going through your body. (you should check out the Monroe Institute for more info on this) Another method is to just imagine yourself slipping out of your body. I really don't know if this technique is true OBE, it may just be another lucid dream. There are a lot of other methods I don't know about, so you can do some research to find more techniques.

==My occurrence for lucid dreaming varies from week to week, is this normal? For some weeks I can lucid dream everday for a week straight, then all of a sudden I can't for a month. Lately i have been able to lucid dream twice a night, sometimes three. Any clue what may cause this? Also when I do lucid dream a lot more, I act normal in a dream. I know I am dreaming, I can fly around, i can spawn things around me, but I still talk to people as if It was a real conversation.==

 Whether or not you were lucidly dreaming depends on whether you decided in your dream to fly, look in the mirror, etc. or whether you were only passively observing these events taking place in the dream. Realising you are in a dream and then remaining in the dream is a good sign that it was, as often the realisation you are dreaming is enough of a shock to wake you up, but the real test is your level of control. As far as not being able to swallow is concerned, if you were getting sick, especially if you were getting a temperature or something then this can also affect the vividness of your dreams.

====I have good dream recall, and when I sleep I never seem to lucid dream. When I am dreaming, really weird stuff happens to me. My mind never questions the bizzare circumstances I am put in. I have tried thinking that "I will have a lucid dream" over and over, and done some reality checks during the day. It never occurs to me to do them when I dream. Is there some way that will make me lucid dream for sure? Am I incapable of Lucid Dreaming?==== —Eponymous Anonymous

Li - I know what you mean. I've been trying every way to get a lucid dream, but nothing works. It sucks. I sometimes get really close but freak out and wake up. But despite my inexperience, I know for sure that everyone is capable of lucid dreaming. Try doing a wider variety of reality checks maybe, or perhaps try a different technique. What technique are you using?; WILD and VILD need lots of practice.

Walter Lewin 11:57, 13 November 2007 (UTC) - Yeah, I tried to do WILD for the past few weeks. Only once i felt a heavy pain in my chest, I found it hard to move but i could open my eyes and I woke up soon without dreaming lucid :(

--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:07, 18 December 2007 (UTC) The correct way to do the MILD method is to go to sleep believing that you will "remember" that you are dreaming. Also, one key difference between lucid dreamers and non lucid dreamers trying to lucid dream is that lucid dreamers do not wonder if they are incapable of lucid dreaming, do not think that it never occors to them to do reality checks when they are dreaming, and tend to treat the phase "I did not lucid dream last night" as similar to the phase "I did not sleep on the couch last night", in other words, they tend to see lucid dreaming as something they can choose to do if they want to, rather than something they want to successfuly achieve at (long) last. -accepted-

==Is there a good method to remember your "waking" memories in a dream? Every time I get a dream I have control over myself, but I do not seem to know that I am in a dream and I cannot remember anything from when I am awake(therefore I can't do reality checks or anything "supernatural"). Any ideas of what I should do?==

==Is it possible to recall all waking memories in a lucid dream? I have had only two lucid dreams so far. I know these were lucid, because I did reality checks with positive results. I even managed to fly, create items, and etc. However, I couldn't recall a great deal of my waking memories. This cause me to lose lucidity half way through the dream.==

In your book (en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Lucid_Dreaming) you've mentioned a forum www.lucidforum.net which doesn't seem to be opening AT ALL. It's on the internet and it kinda doesn't seem to exist.. What do I do?

title: Lucid Dreaming/FAQ


text:
Garry Baverstock

Garry Frederick Baverstock (born 1949) is an Australian Perth-based architect, property developer, author and scientist, specialising in energy efficient building design. He was one of the pioneers of sustainable architecture in Australia, championing passive solar design of buildings and the use of solar energy.

Career
Beverstock founded Ecotect Architects in 1969.

He is a professor and Built Environment Program Manager of the Research Institute of Sustainable Energy at Murdoch University in Perth.

Baverstock became president of the International Solar Energy Society in Western Australia after holding the position of Honorary Secretary from 1979–1986.

His work is primarily involved with solar energy design and promoting green urbanism.

He has designed over 700 solar houses in all climates throughout Australia. Along with his wife Julia Hayes, he designed the eco-friendly Swanbourne Business Centre in Swanbourne, Western Australia.

He is co-founder and director of the solar energy website solar-e.com.

Recognition
Baverstock has received the Order of Australia in public recognition of his environmental and philanthropic achievements.

He was made a Life Fellow of the Australian Institute of Architects.

Access 31
In 2008 it was reported that Baverstock presented a $500,000 rescue package to community television station Access 31. Baverstock, who pledged $500,000 to rescue the station before withdrawing his offer, claimed that he was misled about the station's financial position.

Publications
Baverstock has authored over 50 papers and publications, including co-authorship of the design manual "Low Energy Buildings in Australia" (1986) with Sam Paolino.

title: Garry Baverstock


text:
Talk:Japanese/Vocabulary/Countries, languages and nationalities

Untitled
The Interwiki linking system does not seem to play well with non-Western script. Everything I've tried (and seen tried in the page history) results in either the wrong page, an invalid page, or the link and text is not displayed at all (like in the current page).

Until this is fixed, we should either not bother with the links, or use the same method as we would use for external linking. Greyweather 21:38, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I am going to go ahead and do the latter. Greyweather 22:15, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

How should country listing be arranged?
I was thinking of making the country list as complete as possible. But here lies a question, should the countries be listed with or without regional division? For example, look at Asia. It has been divided into East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Middle East. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan just lists the countries under: without further divisions of East, South, West, etc -- [[User:Mkn|Mkn (Talk)]] 03:56, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Asia
 * North America
 * Central & South America
 * Europe (including NIS [Newly Independent States of the Former Soviet Union])
 * Oceania
 * Middle East
 * Africa

 * I suggest that since this list is to aid English-speakers find the Japanese vocabulary they are looking for, rather than educate them in how the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs lists these words, we should order them according to conventions in English speaking countries. --Swift (talk) 16:48, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Because this is meant to aid native English speakers, wouldn't it be helpful to write the new country names in romaji? -- Anonymous 20:06, 3 August 2008

 * What do you mean by "new" country names? If you mean the Japanese words for the countries, then no. This book is for English speakers (native or otherwise) who are learning Japanese. The Japanese Phrasebook is the place for romaji. --Swift (talk) 01:17, 4 August 2008 (UTC)


text:
hoa lơ trắng

Etymology
hoa ("flower") + lơ (prob. a phonetic borrowing from French fleur) + trắng ("white"); the word is probably derived from the French chou-fleur (cauliflower; literally "flower cabbage")

Noun

 * 1) cauliflower

title: hoa lơ trắng


text:
Talk:Aurelius Battaglia

External links modified
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title: Talk:Aurelius Battaglia


text:
Basil Lewis

Basil Lewis OBE (1927-2020) was a British community leader, politician and businessman. He was the first black councillor elected in the London Borough of Haringey and one of the first black councillors elected anywhere in the United Kingdom.

Basil Lewis was an active community organiser who helped establish a series of local associations in north London, including the Hornsey Co-operative Credit Union (which became one of the longest-running credit unions in Britain), the North London West Indian Association, and the Anglo-West Indian Conservative Society. During his time as a councillor, he helped found Haringey Council's Community Relations Council.

He was awarded an OBE by Queen Elizabeth II for services to politics and the community, recognising his efforts to raise political participation and build community relations.

Personal life
Basil Lewis was born in Clarendon, Jamaica in 1927. In 1954, Basil left Jamaica for Britain, settling in Hornsey in North London. He started working as a telephone engineer for Standard Telephones and Cables Ltd (later Nortel), before going on to set up his own record shop and then a travel agency Sunshine Travel, which arranged holidays to the Caribbean.

He joined the Union Church, close to where he lived on Drylands Road in Hornsey. Alongside around a dozen church members he helped set up a savings-and-loans club for the local community, designed to help those who could not get a bank loan to borrow money to start businesses or buy a home. Caribbean migrants at the time often found that the interest rates offered and deposits required by banks were unaffordable. On 7 April 1964 the club was formally established as the Hornsey Cooperative Credit Union. Less than a year later it had more than one hundred members.

Political life
Basil Lewis was first elected in 1968 as a Conservative councillor for Stroud Green. He served the ward for ten years. Following boundary changes in 1978, he stood in the newly expanded Crouch End ward, serving until 1982.

On his election in 1968, Councillor Basil Lewis told local newspaper The Hornsey Journal "I am convinced that the electors in Stroud Green have proved a great example, which may go down in history. Your decision to elect me as one of your ward representatives I accept as a vote of confidence. I pledge myself to serve you to the best of my ability and I will always be ready to assist you and befriend you."

As a councillor, he helped form Haringey's Community Relations Council, Race Equalities Committee and the Ferne Park Housing Association.

title: Basil Lewis


text:
User:Georginablack95/TWA/Earth

Bold text

=Bold textEarth= The Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is one of the four terrestrial planets in our Solar System. This means most of its mass is solid. The other three are Mercury, Mars, and Venus. The Earth is also called the Blue Planet, Planet Earth, and Terra.

The Earth is home to millions of species of plants and animals, including humans.

fixed 5 typos Earth is the only planet in the galaxy which is known to support life. Earth has many places that are suitable for humans to live; although, some areas of the planet can be dangerous for humans or uninhabitable. changed text to be more neutral and unbiased

Science shows that Earth formed around 4.5 billion years ago. The organisms that live on Earth have completely changed its air (atmosphere); this is called a biosphere. 71% of Earth's surface is covered in salt water oceans. Earth is the only place in the Solar System where liquid water is known to exist at present. The other 29% is made of rocky land in the shape of continents and islands. Earth interacts with other objects in the Solar System, particularly the Sun and the Moon. The Earth orbits the Sun roughly once every 365.25 days. One spin is called a day and one orbit around the Sun is called a year. This is why there are 365 days in a year, but a leap day added to the calendar once every 4 years.

added more reliable, neutral info about earth's history from the talk page

title: User:Georginablack95/TWA/Earth


text:
solid torus

Noun

 * 1)  The topological space that is a Cartesian product of the two-dimensional disk and the circle.
 * 2)  The standard representation of that topological space within Euclidean 3-dimensional space.

title: solid torus


text:
Gyeryongsan

Gyeryongsan, a 845 m mountain in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. It lies at the meeting of the boundaries of several cities: Gongju, Gyeryong, Nonsan, and Daejeon. It has been traditionally regarded as a sacred mountain, with the most qi of any in South Korea. The name Gyeryongsan means chicken dragon mountain. Portions of the mountain are included in a South Korean military reserve. Other portions are part of Gyeryongsan National Park. In the mountain, there are famous Buddhist temples such as Donghaksa, Gapsa and Sinwonsa, the latter two both being over a thousand years old. In addition the highest peak, Cheonhwangbong, there are seven other peaks with an elevation exceeding 500m

The park has an area of 64.6 km2. Besides insects, birds and small fish, the park's fauna include snakes, hedgehogs, deer, and striped squirrels. Wild boar are also said to inhabit the park About 1.4 million visitors come to the park each year It is accessible by bus from the surrounding cities and villages and has a camp-ground. There are a total of 1,160 kinds of flora and fauna including 611 kinds of plants and 23 kinds of wild animals including roe deer and neoguri. There are a total of 42 cultural resources, including 2 national treasures and 10 treasures, including 18 designated cultural properties and 24 non-designated cultural properties.

title: Gyeryongsan


text:
Perl/Fun with Named Colors

The Wikitable at Named Colors was generated by a simple Perl program we can call colors.pl. If you have Perl installed, you should be able to run this basic script while learning a bit of Perl.

The list
First we want to populate the list of – Named Colors; @Colors = ("AliceBlue".."YellowGreen");

We begin with a plain text file that lists all 139 Named Colors, each on its own line with no spaces: AliceBlue AntiqueWhite Aqua Aquamarine Azure Beige Bisque Black BlanchedAlmond Blue BlueViolet Brown BurlyWood CadetBlue Chartreuse Chocolate Coral CornflowerBlue Cornsilk Crimson Cyan DarkBlue DarkCyan DarkGoldenrod DarkGray DarkGreen DarkKhaki DarkMagenta DarkOliveGreen DarkOrange DarkOrchid DarkRed DarkSalmon DarkSeaGreen DarkSlateBlue DarkSlateGray DarkTurquoise DarkViolet DeepPink DeepSkyBlue DimGray DodgerBlue FireBrick Gray Green GreenYellow Honeydew HotPink IndianRed Indigo Ivory Khaki Lavender LavenderBlush LawnGreen LemonChiffon LightBlue LightCoral LightCyan LightGoldenrodYellow LightGreen LightGrey LightPink LightSalmon LightSeaGreen LightSkyBlue LightSlateGray LightSteelBlue LightYellow Lime LimeGreen Linen Magenta Maroon MediumAquamarine MediumBlue MediumOrchid MediumPurple MediumSeaGreen MediumSlateBlue MediumSpringGreen MediumTurquoise MediumVioletRed MidnightBlue MistyRose Moccasin NavajoWhite Navy OldLace Olive OliveDrab Orange OrangeRed Orchid PaleGoldenrod PaleGreen PaleTurquoise PaleVioletRed PapayaWhip PeachPuff Peru Pink Plum PowderBlue Purple Red RosyBrown RoyalBlue SaddleBrown Salmon SandyBrown SeaGreen Seashell Sienna Silver SkyBlue SlateBlue SlateGray Snow SpringGreen SteelBlue Tan Teal Thistle Tomato Turquoise Violet Wheat White WhiteSmoke Yellow YellowGreen

If you want to play with these colors, copy the list and save it in your working directory as  NamedColors.txt

The script
Now, in that same directory, make a new file called colors.pl or whatever you like. Start with the usual opening line: The -w switch tells your compiler to warn you of errors in your syntax.
 * 1) !/usr/bin/perl -w
 * 1) colors.pl - a simple script for handling named colors.

It's nice to add the script's filename and a brief description of what it does.

Slurping in the list
Many perl coders refer to populating an array (@ArrayName) from an external file as the process of "slurping". Perl has built in functions, open and close that give your scripts access to files on your local machine.

open (COLORS, "NamedColors.txt") or die; @Colors=; close COLORS;

We open (read-only) the bare list of NamedColors and slurp it into an array, @Colors. We do this via a filehandle called <COLORS>. Then we close the unaltered file.

Iterating the list
Now we use a foreach loop statement to break each $color out of @Colors and wrap it in wiki syntax for tables, stuffing each color into a new array, @NamedColors :

foreach $color (@Colors) { chomp$color; @NamedColors=("@NamedColors", 	"\n|- style=\"background:$color\"", 	"\n|style=\"color:black\"|$color", 	"\n|style=\"color:white\"|$color") }

Notice that the "s (double quotes) for the style attributes in the wiki syntax must be escaped with \s (backslashes).

The chomp function removes the newline characters from each item in the list, which were included in NamedColors.txt to make it more readable.

The colors.pl script produces wiki table syntax foreach color appending @NamedColors with:

|- style="background:AliceBlue" |style="color:black"|AliceBlue |style="color:white"|AliceBlue

Printing the table
When the loop has iterated the whole list, we now use a new file handle COLORTABLE to hold and print the newly composed table rows and cells:

open (COLORTABLE, ">ColorTable.txt") or die; print {COLORTABLE} "@NamedColors"; close COLORTABLE;

The open statement this time is write-enabled (>). The colors.pl script has now created a new file in your working directory – ColorTable.txt

You can add a little confirmation message at the end:

print "\n A file: ColorTable.txt has been written to your working directory\n";

Running the script
To run the script make sure you have NamedColors.txt in your current working directory - the same directory from which you run colors.pl. In a terminal, you type: perl colors.pl

Now you can open ColorTable.txt and enclose it with {| and |}. Once you get the hang of it, you can make all sorts of nifty tools for manipulating colors with wiki syntax and perl scripts.

More information
This lesson assumes that you have Perl up and running on your local machine and that you know something about working from a command line or terminal and editing with a text editor. The above script is very basic. If you need more background on Perl, feel free to ask questions at Topic talk:Perl.

For ideas on how to alter the script to do other things with Named Colors, you may find or post some on Talk:Perl/Fun with Named Colors.

title: Perl/Fun with Named Colors


text:
User:Sofixla/Evaluate an Article

The Women In Red; WikiProject

 * Women in Red
 * Particularly I have chosen this article because it was chosen by my class. However, I find it very interesting, as well as very close to home.

Lead

 * Guiding questions

The Women In Red is very clear about their purpose. They included a sentence that clearly stated who they were and what they discuss in this Wiki Project. The Women In Red Wiki page includes past as well as current information. The Women In Red is not overly detailed, it is very straightforward.

Content

 * Guiding questions

 * The content is up to date.

Tone and Balance

 * Guiding questions

The Wiki Project is very straightforward, this is done without being biased or offending anyone. It does persuade others.

Sources and References

 * Guiding questions

All the sources are current. The links work.

Organization

 * Guiding questions

The articles is very easy to read, it is clear. The article appears to not have any grammatical and spelling errors. The article is broken into sections giving it clear organization.

Images and Media

 * Guiding questions
 * The article includes pictures and even a video with the explanation of the project.These pictures help me understand better and also obtain a better point of view.

Checking the talk page

 * Guiding questions

In the talk page, there seems to be a sort of argument, and people blaming the project for being biased. I am very confused about how to go through a talk page, I may need to go back and revise the information.

The Wiki Project; The Women in Red is very easy to understand but I haven't looked at any of their articles, however for now they seem pretty strong. They are straight to the point without being biased or targeting any group.

title: User:Sofixla/Evaluate an Article


text:
Filmmaking Basics/Animatic Dialog Recording/Procedure

{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 40%; background-color: BlanchedAlmond; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Self Recording Procedure

 * For this lesson, you need to be the recording engineer.

 * If you are recording your own voice, you must:

 * 1) Practice reading one line at a time to get the proper (natural) interpretation.
 * 2) Remember, this is a drama. Make it sound like a real motion picture (not a stage play or a book reading.)  Make it dramatic.
 * 3) Record one line of the dialog.  Often, you will record this line about 5 times trying slightly different interpretations.
 * 4) Select the best reading of the dialog.
 * 5) Save the file.
 * 6) When you are satisfied that the recordings are good, email me and send me the files. (See more detailed instructions below.)

Guide to Actors

 * We want a natural speaking voice, not a stage voice. As you record, think to yourself, "Is this the way that that motion pictures sound?"

 * Also, remember one piece of advice. Currently, the accepted acting style is to say your lines with confidence.  That is, no matter what happens in the script, always have confidence in your voice.

 * Are you confident?

 * style="width: 60%; background-color: Lavender; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 100px;" |

The dialog for the Young Person

(1) Young Person: "That was a great movie..."

(2) Young Person (contined): "but I do not understand one thing."

(4) Young Person: "How can anyone be seduced by the Dark Side?"

(7) Young Person (eagerly): "A Macintosh!"

(9) (The young person thinks for a moment.) Young Person "Hummm"

(10) Young Person (amazed and excited): "Seduced by the Dark Side!"

The dialog for the Old Person

(3) Old Person: "What's that?"

(5) (The old person thinks for a while.) Old Person: "Hummm"

(6) Old Person: "What computer do you have at home?"

(8) Old Person: "But what computer does your father use at work?"

(11) (The Old Person smiles.) Old Person: "Ahhh!"

The End

 * }

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" Watch your levels
 * colspan="1" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Brown; background-color:LightYellow;" |

Bottom is good ; Top is bad

 * Record at the proper levels
 * When you record audio, it should look like this or slightly softer (the bottom picture, not the top picture which is wrong.)

 * }

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" Submitting your completed assignments
 * colspan="1" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Gold; background-color:LightYellow;" |

OGG files

 * Wikiversity uses OGG
 * Wikiversity can only work with audio files in a format called "OGG". Ugh!

 * If you have the ability to convert each line of the dialog to an OGG file, that will save me a lot of time.

 * In Audacity, you can open a new project files (NEW) and import your audio file (AIFF or WAV) and export to OGG. You can also NORMALIZE to -3db or -6db.

 * If not, WAV or AIFF files are fine. MPG3, mov, or m4a are also fine.  You can compress them in a zip or WINRAR if you wish.

 * Thanks!

My email address

 * Hopefully, you have my email address by now. If now, please send me a message.  @undefined.  [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|32px]]

 * }

{| cellpadding="15" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 50%; background-color: LemonChiffon; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

The Next Page

 * Now, you need to see how motion pictures and television dramas are filmed in Hollywood. This gives you the background information you need before you create the animatic from your storyboards.

 * Go to the lesson for understanding filmmaking

 * }


text:
2017–18 KML season

The 2017–18 Korvpalli Meistriliiga season (also known as the Alexela Korvpalli Meistriliiga for sponsorship reasons) was the 93rd season of top-tier basketball in Estonia.

The season began on 5 October 2017 and concluded on 24 May 2017 with Kalev/Cramo defeating University of Tartu 4 games to 0 in the finals to win their 10th Estonian Championship.

Regular season
During the regular season teams will play 4 rounds for 28 games (2 at home and 2 away) with following exception:

 * G4S Noorteliiga will play 2 rounds (1 round at home and 1 round away in total).

Double points will be awarded to teams winning those games.

Playoffs
The playoffs began on 17 April and ended on 24 May 2018. The tournament concluded with Kalev/Cramo defeating University of Tartu 4 games to 0 in the finals.

Individual statistics
Players qualify to this category by having at least 50% games played.

All-Star Game
The 2018 All-Star Game was played on 16 February 2018 in Tallinn at the Saku Suurhall. Team Olybet LBL won the game 127–126 in overtime. The MVP of the game was Isaiah Briscoe, who scored 39 points.

Finals Most Valuable Player

 * 🇪🇪 Kristjan Kangur (Kalev/Cramo)

Best Young Player

 * 🇪🇪 Matthias Tass (Kalev/Cramo / TTÜ)

Best Defender

 * 🇪🇪 Mihkel Kirves (Port of Pärnu)

Coach of the Year

 * 🇱🇹 Donaldas Kairys (Kalev/Cramo)

title: 2017–18 KML season


text:
Obokh

Obokh (Обох; ГӀобохъ) is a rural locality (a selo) in Gunibsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 359 as of 2010.

Geography
Obokh is located 23 km southeast of Gunib (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sogratl and Megeb are the nearest rural localities.

title: Obokh


text:
Talk:Online judge

I would like to see this article expanded upon. Online judge systems are great

"Online judge" or "Online Judge"?
The article is currently inconsistent - it uses both "Online judge" and "Online Judge". What should it be? --Mortense (talk) 09:17, 5 June 2017 (UTC)

Judge
Why do we need an article on online judges? Let's create one on offline judges and merge this one into that one.  Ꞷ  umbolo   22:16, 29 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Online judge


text:
Talk:Jason Glanville

External links modified
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title: Talk:Jason Glanville


text:
Jerauld Manter

Jerauld Armington Manter (December 30, 1889 – August 21, 1990) was an American professor of ornithology and entomology at the University of Connecticut from 1912 to 1953. He was UConn's unofficial photographer, taking thousands of photos documenting university history and life.

Life and career
Manter was born on December 30, 1889, in Londonderry, New Hampshire. His father was a farmer and operated a sawmill. The Manter family moved to Manchester when Manter was six years old. He graduated from Manchester High School and attended the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts (now the University of New Hampshire) from 1908 to 1912. Manter was offered a teaching and laboratory assistant position at the Connecticut Agricultural College by President Charles L. Beach, who hired him without an interview or even meeting him. He joined UConn in the fall of 1912. He taught zoology, with a focus on insects and birds, at the university until his retirement in 1953 after 41 years of service.

Manter was a lifelong photographer who spent five decades documenting all aspects of university life and history as well as the town and residents of Storrs. Manter owned the first movie camera in town, taught using his own films, and videoed football games and other events. "Manter has made a contribution to this institution that cannot be matched. His photographic history alone is worth every penny we ever paid him," President Albert N. Jorgensen told Provost Albert Waugh in 1947, according to Waugh's diary. Manter never accepted compensation for his photos. As of 2020, his huge photographic collection of 136,060 prints and negatives is held at the University of Connecticut Archives and Special Collections.

Manter also took countless photographs of animals and birds, some of which illustrated his book Birds of Storrs, Connecticut and Vicinity (1965 and 1975 editions). Almost four hundred of his photos of early New England church architecture are featured in the book Meetinghouse and Church in Early New England (1963) by Manter's friend Edmund Ware Sinnott. His photographs also illustrate the book Homemaking for the Handicapped (1966) by Elizabeth Eckhardt May.

Personal life
Friend and fellow entomologist James A. Slater described Manter as "the epitome of the quiet, competent, unassuming New Englander." Manter was active in the community, leading Boy Scout troops and wartime scrap paper drives. He was nicknamed "Jed" by his closest friends. He was known for his knack, developed over many years, of predicting bird migration patterns—"his accuracy was legend on campus," reported the Hartford Courant.

Manter married Florence Goodwin Manter (1890–1964) a few years after he commenced employment at UConn. The couple had three children: Audrey M., Jerauld T., and Stanley P.

Following retirement, Manter remained an active photographer and continued to live on Gurleyville Road in Storrs. He died at Windham Hospital in Mansfield at the age of 100. He was interred in Storrs Cemetery, on a hill overlooking campus. Manter was survived by two of his children, Audrey and Jerauld. He was predeceased by his wife and a son, Stanley.

Legacy
In 2019, UConn renamed the Horsebarn Hill Road Extension to Manter Road in his honor. A species of fungus gnat is named after him: the Apemon manteri, which entomologist Charles Willison Johnson discovered in 1930 in Mansfield while collecting specimens with Manter along the Willimantic River.

title: Jerauld Manter


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/libanonchat.org

Links

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 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
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 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
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Additions

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Illidiance

Illidiance is an industrial metal band from Taganrog, Russia, formed in 2004.

The band was founded in 2004 as the successor of the black metal band S.C.A.R.D., which was active from 1999 to 2003.

Members

 * Dmitry "Xyrohn" Shkurin — vocals, guitar
 * Artem "Syrex" Shkurin — vocals, guitar
 * Anton "Cyclonez" Brezhnev — drums
 * Vyacheslav "Slay" — bass

Albums

 * Insane Mytheries To Demise (2005)
 * Nexaeon (2009)
 * Damage Theory (2010)
 * The Iconoclast (2019)
 * Oceanborn (Acoustic Album) (2022)

EPs

 * Withering Razors (2005)
 * Cybergore Generation (2009)
 * Synthetic Breed (2009)
 * Deformity (2013)

Singles

 * New Millenium Crushers (2010)
 * Neon Rabels (2012)
 * Shockwave (2014)
 * Modern Iconoclast (2016)
 * Когда грянет гром (When There Is A Thunder) (2018)
 * Последний рассвет (Last Dawn) (2018)
 * Fuel from My Hate (2018)
 * Out of Coverage (2018)
 * The Witcher (2020)
 * Breaking The Habit (2020)
 * Open Your Eyes (2020)
 * Hack the Hoax (feat. Jot Maxi from Hacktivist)

Compilations

 * Damage & Deform (2014)

title: Illidiance


text:
User:Raghunandanan

i am new to this help me my email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>05:42, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Raghunandanan


text:
Intelligence Intensification/Proofs

Different levels of proof
There are many different levels of proofs. Some people tend to regard everything as a proof, others nothing. Having a good ability to decide what constitutes a good proof is a clear sign of high intelligence. A person who doesn't know anything about scientific proofs is not able to see through pseudo-scientific proofs and might therefore walk around believing things which are not true. One measure of intelligence is the correspondence of a person's models of reality with reality itself.

Elements of a scientific method
 The essential elements of a scientific method are iterations and recursions of the following four steps: The above is a hypothetico-deductive method, and includes observation in the first and fourth steps. Each step is subject to peer review for possible mistakes.
 * 1) Characterization (Quantification, observation and measurement)
 * 2) Hypothesis (a theoretical, hypothetical explanation of the observations and measurements)
 * 3) Prediction (logical deduction from the hypothesis)
 * 4) Experiment (test of all of the above)

Characterization
A scientific method depends upon a careful characterization of the subject of the investigation. (The subject can also be called the problem or the unknown.) For example, Benjamin Franklin correctly characterized St. Elmo's fire as electrical in nature, but it has taken a long series of experiments and theory to establish this. While seeking the pertinent properties of the subject, this careful thought may also entail some definitions and observations; the observation often demands careful measurement and/or counting.

The systematic, careful collection of measurements or counts of relevant quantities is often the critical difference between pseudo-sciences, such as alchemy, and a science, such as chemistry. Scientific measurements taken are usually tabulated, graphed, or mapped, and statistical manipulations, such as correlation and regression, performed on them. The measurements might be made in a controlled setting, such as a laboratory, or made on more or less inaccessible or unmanipulatable objects such as stars or human populations. The measurements often require specialized scientific instruments such as thermometers, spectroscopes, or voltmeters, and the progress of a scientific field is usually intimately tied to their invention and development.

Measurements demand the use of operational definitions of relevant quantities. That is, a scientific quantity is described or defined by how it is measured, as opposed to some more vague, inexact or "idealized" definition. For example, electrical current, measured in amperes, may be operationally defined in terms of the mass of silver deposited in a certain time on an electrode in an electrochemical device that is described in some detail. The operational definition of a thing often relies on comparisons with standards: the operational definition of "mass" ultimately relies on the use of an artifact, such as a certain kilogram of platinum kept in a laboratory in France.

The scientific definition of a term sometimes differs substantially from their natural language usage. For example, mass and weight are often used interchangeably in common discourse, but have distinct meanings in physics. Scientific quantities are often characterized by their units of measure which can later be described in terms of conventional physical units when communicating the work.

Measurements in scientific work are also usually accompanied by estimates of their uncertainty. The uncertainty is often estimated by making repeated measurements of the desired quantity. Uncertainties may also be calculated by consideration of the uncertainties of the individual underlying quantities that are used. Counts of things, such as the number of people in a nation at a particular time, may also have an uncertainty due to limitations of the method used. Counts may only represent a sample of desired quantities, with an uncertainty that depends upon the sampling method used and the number of samples taken.

Hypothesis development
A hypothesis includes a suggested explanation of the subject. It will generally provide a causal explanation or propose some correlation.

Observations have the general form of existential statements, stating that some particular instance of the phenomenon being studied has some characteristic. Causal explanations have the general form of universal statements, stating that every instance of the phenomenon has a particular characteristic. It is not deductively valid to infer a universal statement from any series of particular observations. This is the problem of induction. Many solutions to this problem have been suggested, including falsifiability and Bayesian inference.

Scientists use whatever they can — their own creativity, ideas from other fields, induction, systematic guessing, etc. — to imagine possible explanations for a phenomenon under study. There are no definitive guidelines for the production of new hypotheses. The history of science is filled with stories of scientists claiming a "flash of inspiration", or a hunch, which then motivated them to look for evidence to support or refute their idea. Michael Polanyi made such creativity the centrepiece of his discussion of methodology.

Prediction from the hypothesis
A useful hypothesis will enable predictions, by deductive reasoning, that can be experimentally assessed. If results contradict the predictions, then the hypothesis under test is incorrect or incomplete and requires either revision or abandonment. If results confirm the predictions, then the hypothesis might be correct but is still subject to further testing.

Einstein's theory of General Relativity makes several specific predictions about the observable structure of space-time, such as a prediction that light bends in a gravitational field and that the amount of bending depends in a precise way on the strength of that gravitational field. Arthur Eddington's observations made during a 1919 solar eclipse supported General Relativity rather than Newtonian gravitation.

Predictions refer to experiment designs with a currently unknown outcome; the classic example was Edmund Halley's prediction of the year of return of Halley's comet which returned after his death. A prediction (of an unknown) differs from a consequence (which can already be known).

Once a prediction is made, an experiment is designed to test it. The experiment may seek either confirmation or falsification of the hypothesis. Yet an experiment is not an absolute requirement. In observation based fields of science actual experiments must be designed differently than for the classical laboratory based sciences; for example, the observations of the Chaldeans were utilized in the work of Al-Batani, when he determined a value for the precession of the Earth, in work that spanned thousands of years.

Scientists assume an attitude of openness and accountability on the part of those conducting an experiment. Detailed recordkeeping is essential, to aid in recording and reporting on the experimental results, and providing evidence of the effectiveness and integrity of the procedure. They will also assist in reproducing the experimental results. This tradition can be seen in the work of Hipparchus (190 BCE - 120 BCE), when determining a value for the precession of the Earth over 2100 years ago, and 1000 years before Al-Batani.

The experiment's integrity should be ascertained by the introduction of a control. Two virtually identical experiments are run, in only one of which the factor being tested is varied. This serves to further isolate any causal phenomena. For example in testing a drug it is important to carefully test that the supposed effect of the drug is produced only by the drug. Doctors may do this with a double-blind study: two virtually identical groups of patients are compared, one of which receives the drug and one of which receives a placebo. Neither the patients nor the doctor know who is getting the real drug, isolating its effects.

Once an experiment is complete, a researcher determines whether the results (or data) gathered are what was predicted. If the experimental conclusions fail to match the predictions/hypothesis, then one returns to the failed hypothesis and re-iterates the process. If the experiment(s) appears "successful" - i.e. fits the hypothesis - then its details become published so that others (in theory) may reproduce the same experimental results.

Testing and improvement
The scientific process is iterative. At any stage it is possible that some consideration will lead the scientist to repeat an earlier part of the process. Failure to develop an interesting hypothesis may lead a scientist to re-define the subject they are considering. Failure of a hypothesis to produce interesting and testable predictions may lead to reconsideration of the hypothesis or of the definition of the subject. Failure of the experiment to produce interesting results may lead the scientist to reconsidering the experimental method, the hypothesis or the definition of the subject.

Verification
Science is a social enterprise, and scientific work will become accepted by the community only if they can be verified. Crucially, experimental and theoretical results must be reproduced by others within the science community. Researchers have given their lives for this vision; Georg Wilhelm Richmann was killed by ball lightning to his forehead (1753) when attempting to replicate the 1752 kite experiment of Benjamin Franklin.

Reevaluation
All scientific knowledge is in a state of flux, for at any time new evidence could be presented that contradicts a long-held hypothesis. A particularly luminous example is the theory of light. Light had long been supposed to be made of particles. Isaac Newton, and before him many of the Classical Greeks, was convinced it was so, but his light-is-particles account was overturned by evidence in favor of a wave theory of light suggested most notably in the early 1800s by Thomas Young, an English physician. Light as waves neatly explained the observed diffraction and interference of light when, to the contrary, the light-as-a-particle theory did not. The wave interpretation of light was widely held to be unassailably correct for most of the 19th century. Around the turn of the century, however, observations were made that a wave theory of light could not explain. This new set of observations could be accounted for by Max Planck's quantum theory (including the photoelectric effect and Brownian motion—both from Albert Einstein), but not by a wave theory of light. Nor, for that matter, by the particle theory. More ...

Peer review evaluation
Scientific journals use a process of peer review, in which scientists' manuscripts are submitted by editors of scientific journals to (usually one to three) fellow (usually anonymous) scientists familiar with the field for evaluation. The referees may or may not recommend publication, publication with suggested modifications, or, sometimes, publication in another journal. This serves to keep the scientific literature free of unscientific or crackpot work, helps to cut down on obvious errors, and generally otherwise improve the quality of the scientific literature. Work announced in the popular press before going through this process is generally frowned upon. Sometimes peer review inhibits the circulation of unorthodox work, and at other times may be too permissive. The peer review process is not always successful, but has been very widely adopted by the scientific community.

Reproducibility
The reproducibility or replication of scientific observations, while usually described as being very important in a scientific method, is actually seldom actually reported, and is in reality often not done. Referees and editors rightfully and generally reject papers purporting only to reproduce some observations as being unoriginal and not containing anything new. Occasionally reports of a failure to reproduce results are published--mostly in cases where controversy exists or a suspicion of fraud develops. The threat of failure to replicate by others, however, serves as a very effective deterrent for most scientists, who will usually replicate their own data several times before attempting to publish.

Evidence and assumptions
Evidence comes in different forms and quality, mostly due to underlying assumptions. An underlying assumption that 'objects heavier than air fall to the ground when dropped' is not likely to incite much disagreement. An underlying assumption like 'aliens abduct humans' however is an extraordinary claim which requires solid proof. Many extraordinary claims also do not survive Occam's razor.

Elegance of hypothesis
In evaluating a hypothesis, scientists tend to look for theories that are "elegant" or "beautiful". In contrast to the usual English use of these terms, scientists have more specific meanings in mind. "Elegance" (or "beauty") refers to the ability of a theory to neatly explain as many of the known facts as possible, as simply as possible, or at least in a manner consistent with Occam's Razor while at the same time being aesthetically pleasing.

Everyone has reason to learn what constitutes a scientific proof. Even if you never do scientific work, it will help you to evaluate other's work, and to protect yourself against quackery. Maybe even more importantly, it will enable you to think more clearly in general.

Statistics
Whenever you hear an advertisement saying a new soap or lotion is scientifically proven to have a positive effect in some sense, statistics have been used (or they lied about the scientificness of the proof). The philosophical ideas behind statistical proofs are these:

 * 1) Formulate a hypothesis which can be falsified by experiments (measurement)
 * 2) Decide what level of certainty you want. 95% and 99% are common choices.
 * 3) Perform experiments that might falsify the hypothesis.

Suppose, for instance, that you want to see if there is any connection between drinking alcohol during pregnancy and the intelligence of the child. Then you might start with the following:

Hypothesis: A mother drinking alcohol during pregnancy does lower the intelligence of her child.

This gives rise to the following anti-hypothesis or null hypothesis:

Null hypothesis: A mother drinking alcohol during pregnancy does not lower the intelligence of her child.

Now we want to be 99% sure of our result. That means the risk of error is 1%. After doing a lot of measurements and putting the measurements through the machinery of statistics, we will be able to conclude either:

 * 1) with 1% risk of error we cannot reject the null hypothesis, or
 * 2) with 1% risk of error the null hypothesis is rejected in favour of the hypothesis.

If 2 is the case, we have 'proven' statistically that drinking alcohol during pregnancy lowers the intelligence of the child. Of course this example is stylized. What do we mean by drinking alcohol? What amount, and how regularly? How do we measure intelligence? Those must also be specified.

The Axiomatic Method
The axiomatic method is fundamental in every mathematical theory. A complete theory is built of axioms and implications.* Other names for "axiom" are "premise", "postulate", and "assumption". An axiom is always assumed to be true, without discussion, for the sake of argument. Each time we say 'suppose', we describe an axiom. When a statement undoubtedly (logically) follows from another statement, we have an implication.

Suppose all human beings have blue eyes. Let that be an axiom. Now suppose that Melinda is a human being. (That's another axiom.) Then Melinda has blue eyes. Any other conclusion about Melinda's eye color would be wrong, because the axioms are defined as true (unless one could prove that the two axioms contradict one another, in which case one would have to be discarded, but that's another story).

People have different axioms. Have a look at this belief: "If we don't throw a pancake in the dragons cave each morning, the sun will not rise". You might say that this isn't very logical. But it indeed is, with the right axioms.

Axioms:

 * 1) There is a dragon in the cave.
 * 2) The dragon dies if it doesn't eat pancakes.
 * 3) The dragon and only the dragon can make the sun rise.

Now, if nobody gives pancakes to the dragon, then the dragon will die (suppose also that the dragon cannot make his own pancakes). But if the dragon is dead, then nobody makes the sun rise! This conclusion is logically derived from the axioms. The point is that even hard core mysticists may use logic in their thinking; only their assumptions are strange.

Most people don't consciously think about what are axioms and what are implications when they argue with each other. Also, most people would rather die than change any of their axioms of life. People have the strangest axioms like "Different configurations of the stars have different easily detectable effects on human beings". Maybe they have good reasons to have these axioms. However, having these axioms, they think they are thinking rationally, and they are! As long as the implications follow logically from their axioms, they are thinking rationally! At least, according to one definition of "rational". Another definition might be "a theory is rational if it has a good correlation with physical reality". But then many mathematical theories are not rational; for instance, most non-Euclidian geometries (and ordinary Euclidian geometry too, according to Minkowski-Einstein theory!). And we want mathematical theories to be "rational", so the latter was not a good definition.

An intelligent being should be aware of the fact that different people and different cultures have different axioms. It might be a good idea to practice believing in strange things. Be aware of your axioms! Don't believe in them, just regard them as axioms! Change axioms each time you change underwear, if you change your underwear reasonably often.

If you have never heard of Occam's Razor, this is the perfect time to learn what it is. It's a principle which roughly says: If you have to choose between two equally good theories for explaining a phenomena, choose the one with the smallest number of axioms.

A short repetition:

 * 1) Try not to believe in the axioms you use in daily life, just regard them as axioms which could very well be changed. This will help you to understand other people.
 * 2) Superstitious people can very well be rational, and they often are. They just have some strange axioms.
 * 3) Try to assume as little as possible (that is, use Occam's razor). And be careful not to draw too-bold conclusions. If you pray to god, and immediately your prayers are answered, does this imply that the Koran or the Bible is true? Does this imply that what's preached in your local church is true? Or does it imply that the Hindus are right?

* In mathematical theories, one introduces something called a formal system, which is a little bit more rigorous (for instance the logical rules are not taken for granted). In daily life, however, the axiomatic method is good enough.

Inductive Reasoning
Induction or inductive reasoning, sometimes called inductive logic, is the process of reasoning in which the conclusion of an argument is very likely to be true, but not certain, given the premises. It is to ascribe properties or relations to types based on limited observations of particular tokens; or to formulate laws based on limited observations of recurring phenomenal patterns. Induction is used, for example, in using specific propositions such as: to infer general propositions such as:
 * The ice is cold.
 * A billiard ball moves when struck with a cue.
 * All ice is cold.
 * For every action, there is an equal and opposite re-action

Validity
Formal logic as most people learn it is deductive rather than inductive. Some philosophers claim to have created systems of inductive logic, but it is controversial whether a logic of induction is even possible. In contrast to deductive reasoning, conclusions arrived at by inductive reasoning do not necessarily have the same degree of certainty as the initial assumptions. For example, a conclusion that all swans are white is obviously wrong, but may have been thought correct in Europe until the settlement of Australia. Inductive arguments are never binding but they may be cogent. Inductive reasoning is deductively invalid. (An argument in formal logic is valid if and only if it is not possible for the premises of the argument to be true whilst the conclusion is false.)

The classic philosophical treatment of the problem of induction, meaning the search for a justification for inductive reasoning, was by the Scotsman David Hume. Hume highlighted the fact that our everyday reasoning depends on patterns of repeated experience rather than deductively valid arguments. For example we believe that bread will nourish us because it has in the past, but it is at least conceivable that bread in the future will poison us.

Someone who insisted on sound deductive justifications for everything would starve to death, said Hume. Instead of unproductive radical skepticism about everything, he advocated a practical skepticism based on common-sense, where the inevitability of induction is accepted.

20th Century developments have framed the problem of induction very differently. Rather than a choice about what predictions to make about the future, it can be seen as a choice of what concepts to fit to observation (see the entry for grue) or of what graphs to fit to a set of observed data points.

Induction is sometimes framed as reasoning about the future from the past, but in its broadest sense it involves reaching conclusions about unobserved things on the basis of what is observed. Inferences about the past from present evidence (e.g. archaeology) count as induction. Induction could also be across space rather than time, e.g. conclusions about the whole universe from what we observe in our galaxy or national economic policy based on past economic performance.

title: Intelligence Intensification/Proofs


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Talk:schedule

Is schedule sometimes used in the meaning of "price list", e.g in case of transport costs? <IP_ADDRESS> 19:39, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

 * A "price schedule" or "cost schedule" sometimes...but I haven't seen it as just "schedule." --Connel MacKenzie 20:37, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

pronounciation
hi! m-w.com says that the "shiny-sch" is just "usually" used in UK... wiktionary says, that UK only uses the "shiny-sch" and never the "school-sch"... should we change that? thx. bye. --Homer Landskirty (talk) 22:25, 9 April 2014 (UTC)

 * fixed with ref: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/schedule?q=schedule --Homer Landskirty (talk) 12:08, 15 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Yes, you do get the /sk/ pronunciation in the UK. Don't know if it's a recent Americanism or just a rarer variant.

Canadian pronunciation question
How often is the pronunciation with used in Canadian English? — Ungoliant (falai) 18:35, 12 November 2015 (UTC)

Indian pronunciation
Does the Indian English pronunciation really have IPA /y/ and not /j/? — Vorziblix (talk · contribs) 06:00, 13 October 2017 (UTC)
 * No, it does not, thanks for catching that :) —Aryaman (मुझसे बात करो) 10:23, 13 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:schedule


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Protaetia affinis

Protaetia affinis is a species of beetle of the family Scarabaeidae.

Distribution
It is very common in Southern and Central Europe. It prefers continental climate.

Appearance
Protaetia affinis is usually 25–30 mm long, with a thick-set body. Both sides of its body are metallic emerald. The elytra have very small punctures, and no horizontal striae. The legs are also green, with white stripes.

Lifestyle
Adults only occasionally visit flowers. It is more frequently found at trees with juicy fruits.

title: Protaetia affinis


text:
User:Kingtvshow1982

My TIMOTHY ISHOLA, and my job is to Introduce You To Yourself, Because You are not a mistake, You are here because God wanted you to be born, When God looks at you, He sees things that everybody else ignores.

title: User:Kingtvshow1982


text:
User:Kumar Anuj Mishra

Hi,i am Anuj Mishra My computer ip address is pilani,Rajasthan-INDIA Thanking you, Yours faithfully, Anuj Mishra Pilani-Rajasthan,INDIA

title: User:Kumar Anuj Mishra


text:
Cyril Freaney

Cyril Freaney was a Gaelic footballer who played for the Dublin county team.

He played as corner-forward in the 1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final.

Freaney later recounted his memories of the game. He said that on the morning the Dublin team gathered in Barry's Hotel to dine on scrambled egg, that this was the occasion when the Dublin team first wore blue socks and that the players were permitted to keep the jerseys they wore during the game.

title: Cyril Freaney


text:
2019 African Baseball Championship

The 2019 African Baseball Championship was the fourth Africa Baseball Championship, after 1999, 2003, and 2007. The Championship was held from 1 May – 5 May 2019, at the Boksburg Baseball Club in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Seventeen national baseball teams in Africa were originally divided into four zones for the 2020 Olympics qualifiers. Ultimately, there were three regional qualifiers leading up to the 2019 African Baseball Championship, starting in March 2019 at the Labone Secondary School in Labone, a suburb of Accra, in Ghana with ones in Kenya and South Africa in April.

Burkina Faso competed in Zone West 1 against Team Ghana, Team Nigeria, Team Tunisia, and Team Cote d’Ivoire. In April 2019 at the first African West One pre-qualifier for the 2020 Olympics, Team Burkina Faso defeated Team Nigeria (13-3) and Team Ghana (14-4). Burkina Faso was the first team to qualify, followed by Nigeria, Kenya, Uganda, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Nigeria and Kenya withdrew before the Championship began. Burkina Faso lost in the semi-final in May to Team South Africa, 16-1.

The winner of the 2019 African Baseball Championship, Team South Africa, advanced to the 2019 Europe-Africa Qualifier for the 2020 Olympics in Italy in September 2019 to face the top five teams from the 2019 European Baseball Championship.

title: 2019 African Baseball Championship