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Formal Logic/Sentential Logic/The Sentential Language

= The Sentential Language =

This page informally describes our sentential language which we name $$\mathcal{L_S}\,\!$$. A more formal description will be given in Formal Syntax and Formal Semantics

Sentence letters
Sentences in $$\mathcal{L_S}\,\!$$ are represented as sentence letters, which are single letters such as $$\mathrm{P},\ \mathrm{Q},\ \mathrm{R},$$ and so on. Some texts restrict these to lower case letters, and others restrict them to capital letters. We will use capital letters.

Intuitively, we can think of sentence letters as English sentences that are either true or false. Thus, $$\mathrm{P}\,\!$$ may translate as 'The Earth is a planet' (which is true), or 'The moon is made of green cheese' (which is false). But $$\mathrm{P}\,\!$$ may not translate as 'Great ideas sleep furiously' because such a sentence is neither true nor false. Translations between English and $$\mathcal{L_S}\,\!$$ work best if they are restricted to timelessly true or false present tense sentences in the indicative mood. You will see in the translation section below that we do not always follow that advice, wherein we present sentences whose truth or falsity is not timeless.

Sentential connectives
Sentential connectives are special symbols in Sentential Logic that represent truth functional relations. They are used to build larger sentences from smaller sentences. The truth or falsity of the larger sentence can then be computed from the truth or falsity of the smaller ones.

$$\mbox{Conjunction:}\ \land\,\!$$
 * Translates to English as 'and'.
 * $$\mathrm{P} \land \mathrm{Q}\,\!$$ is called a conjunction and $$\mathrm{P}\,\!$$ and $$\mathrm{Q}\,\!$$ are its conjuncts.
 * $$\mathrm{P} \land \mathrm{Q}\,\!$$ is true if both $$\mathrm{P}\,\!$$ and $$\mathrm{Q}\,\!$$ are true—and is false otherwise.
 * Some authors use an & (ampersand), • (heavy dot) or juxtaposition. In the last case, an author would write
 * $$\mathrm{PQ}\,\!$$
 * instead of our
 * $$\mathrm{P} \land \mathrm{Q}\ .\,\!$$

$$\mbox{Disjunction:}\ \lor\,\!$$
 * Translates to English as 'or'.
 * $$\mathrm{P} \lor \mathrm{Q}\,\!$$ is called a disjunction and $$\mathrm{P}\,\!$$ and $$\mathrm{Q}\,\!$$ are its disjuncts.
 * $$\mathrm{P} \lor \mathrm{Q}\,\!$$ is true if at least one of $$\mathrm{P}\,\!$$ and $$\mathrm{Q}\,\!$$ are true—is false otherwise.
 * Some authors may use a vertical stroke: |. However, this comes from computer languages rather than logicians' usage.  Logicians normally reserve the vertical stroke for nand (alternative denial).  When used as nand, it is called the Sheffer stroke.

$$\mbox{Negation:}\ \lnot\,\!$$
 * Translates to English as 'it is not the case that' but is normally read 'not'.
 * $$\lnot \mathrm{P}\,\!$$ is called a negation.
 * $$\lnot \mathrm{P}\,\!$$ is true if $$\mathrm{P}\,\!$$ is false—and is false otherwise.
 * Some authors use ~ (tilde) or −. Some authors use an overline, for example writing
 * $$\bar{\mathrm{P}}\ \ \mbox{and}\ \ (\overline{(\mathrm{P} \land \mathrm{Q})} \lor \mathrm{R})\,\!$$
 * instead of
 * $$\lnot \mathrm{P}\ \ \mbox{and}\ \ (\lnot(\mathrm{P} \land \mathrm{Q}) \lor \mathrm{R})\ .\,\!$$

$$\mbox{Conditional:}\ \rightarrow\,\!$$
 * Translates to English as 'if...then' but is often read 'arrow'.
 * $$\mathrm{P} \rightarrow \mathrm{Q}\,\!$$ is called a conditional. Its antecedent is $$\mathrm{P}\,\!$$ and its consequent is $$\mathrm{Q}\,\!$$.
 * $$\mathrm{P} \rightarrow \mathrm{Q}\,\!$$ is false if $$\mathrm{P}\,\!$$ is true and $$\mathrm{Q}\,\!$$ is false—and true otherwise.
 * By that definition, $$\mathrm{P} \rightarrow \mathrm{Q}\,\!$$ is equivalent to $$(\lnot \mathrm{P}) \lor \mathrm{Q}\,\!$$
 * Some authors use ⊃ (hook).

$$\mbox{Biconditional:}\ \leftrightarrow\,\!$$
 * Translates to English as 'if and only if'
 * $$\mathrm{P} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{Q}\,\!$$ is called a biconditional.
 * $$\mathrm{P} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{Q}\,\!$$ is true if $$\mathrm{P}\,\!$$ and $$\mathrm{Q}\,\!$$ both are true or both are false—and false otherwise.
 * By that definition, $$\mathrm{P} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{Q}\,\!$$ is equivalent to the more verbose $$(\mathrm{P} \land \mathrm{Q}) \lor ((\lnot \mathrm{P}) \land (\lnot \mathrm{Q}))\,\!$$. It is also equivalent to $$(\mathrm{P} \rightarrow \mathrm{Q}) \land (\mathrm{Q} \rightarrow \mathrm{P})\,\!$$, the conjunction of two conditionals where in the second conditional the antecedent and consequent are reversed from the first.
 * Some authors use ≡.

Grouping
Parentheses $$(\,\!$$ and $$)\,\!$$ are used for grouping. Thus

 * $$((\mathrm{P} \land \mathrm{Q} ) \rightarrow \mathrm{R})\,\!$$
 * $$(\mathrm{P} \land (\mathrm{Q} \rightarrow \mathrm{R}))\,\!$$

are two different and distinct sentences. Each negation, conjunction, disjunction, conditional, and biconditionals gets a single pair or parentheses.

Translation
Consider the following English sentences:

 * If it is raining and Jones is out walking, then Jones has an umbrella.
 * If it is Tuesday or it is Wednesday, then Jones is out walking.

To render these in $$\mathcal{L_S}\,\!$$, we first specify an appropriate English translation for some sentence letters.
 * $$\mathrm{P}\ :\,\!$$ It is raining.
 * $$\mathrm{Q}\ :\,\!$$ Jones is out walking.
 * $$\mathrm{R}\ :\,\!$$ Jones has an umbrella.
 * $$\mathrm{S}\ :\,\!$$ It is Tuesday.
 * $$\mathrm{T}\ :\,\!$$ It is Wednesday.

We can now partially translate our examples as:
 * $$\mbox{If}\ \mathrm{P}\ \mbox{and}\ \mathrm{Q},\ \mbox{then}\ \mathrm{R}\,\!$$
 * $$\mbox{If}\ \mathrm{S}\ \mbox{or}\ \mathrm{T},\ \mbox{then}\ \mathrm{Q}\,\!$$

Then finish the translation by adding the sentential connectives and parentheses:
 * $$((\mathrm{P} \land \mathrm{Q}) \rightarrow \mathrm{R})\,\!$$
 * $$((\mathrm{S} \lor \mathrm{T}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Q})\,\!$$

Quoting convention
For English expressions, we follow the logical tradition of using single quotes. This allows us to use ' 'It is raining' ' as a quotation of 'It is raining'.

For expressions in $$\mathcal{L_S}\,\!$$, it is easier to treat them as self-quoting so that the quotation marks are implicit. Thus we say that the above example translates $$\mathrm{S} \rightarrow \mathrm{P}\,\!$$ (note the lack of quotes) as 'If it is Tuesday, then It is raining'.


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Zygmunt Grabowski

Zygmunt Grabowski (13 August 1891 – 19 September 1939) was a Polish painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Zygmunt Grabowski


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Patania ruralis

Patania ruralis, the mother of pearl moth, is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1763. It is found in Europe.

The wingspan is 26 –. The forewings are pale whitish-ochreous, yellowish-tinged; a grey subcostal suffusion and connected orbicular dot; lines rather dark grey, first straight, second serrate, curved, strongly broken inwards beneath middle; a dark grey discal mark, nearly followed by a grey blotch; a grey terminal band, edge parallel to second line. Hindwings with colour, discal mark, and posterior markings as in forewings. The larva is whitish green, sides greener; dorsal line darker; head green.

The moth flies from June to September depending on the location.

The larvae feed on stinging nettle and are notable for their rolling locomotion. Scientists used the rolling behavior of the caterpillar as a model to create next-generation robots that roll.

title: Patania ruralis


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Bešnjaja

Bešnjaja (Serbian Cyrillic: Бешњаја) is a low mountain in central Serbia, lying between the cities of Kragujevac and Jagodina. Its highest peak Lisin laz has an elevation of 613 meters above sea level.

title: Bešnjaja


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User:Wariomanishere88/sandbox

Marco Rios is known as the one true God by the Church of Marco. Marco has chosen to come down to Earth in the form of a small Mexican MAN. the first one to realize that he was God was his friend Cristian Simons when he asked his friends if they wanted to start a religion with him. When they said yes, everyone decided to worship Marco. Cristian Simons is the Pope of the church and Owen Corey is the Archbishop. One of the original members named Jon Gilman was thinking of a royal court when he chose to be a jester in the church.

The church's goal is to become a major religion like the Catholic Church.

title: User:Wariomanishere88/sandbox


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Augean

Etymology
From. is a figure in Greek mythology whose stables were never cleaned until was given the task of cleaning them.

Adjective

 * Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Augeas.
 * 1) Very filthy.
 * 2) Huge, immense, Herculean.

title: Augean


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Talk:Lumbersexual

Redirect?
This article will probably be deleted or redirected. I recommend a soft-redirect to Wiktionary. --Thevampireashlee (talk) 05:21, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Completely coincidentally, I just searched for "lumbersexual" and forked over the content from the Lumberjack article, believing a separate article was justifiable based on the number of sources talking about the neologism. Only after forking the content did I see the redirect discussion. Yes, the article needs to be expanded, and I added some external links for additional context, but surely there are enough sources to justify an article. --- Another Believer ( Talk ) 00:06, 6 August 2015 (UTC)

Media culture, parodies?
«He's a lamberjack and he's ok…»? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:07, 21 April 2016 (UTC)

Notability
Flash in the pan. A tiny bit of usage, briefly, but this WP:NEO did not make the cut. WP:NOTDICTIONARY.E.M.Gregory (talk) 20:36, 23 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Notability doesn't expire, there are plenty of sources about this subject. even fairly recent ones  InsertCleverPhraseHere  20:41, 23 January 2017 (UTC)
 * , similar articles were tagged for notability even though the articles themselves showed in-depth discussion of the terms. Erik (talk | contrib) (ping me) 21:44, 23 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Then those tags were inappropriate as well, the policy in question can be found here: WP:NOTTEMPORARY. It is pretty clear on the subject. In any case, per my link, there IS ongoing coverage of this topic, so that policy isn't even needed here.  InsertCleverPhraseHere  21:57, 23 January 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lumbersexual


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Production engineering/Forming

Forming Processes for Production/Manufacturing Engineering

Forming is any process that arrives at an intermediate of final form without the need for any material to be removed by an external process. The main production forming processes are:

Casting and Forging

Traditionally casting was the pouring of molten material into a mold. When the material cooled the final shape was available. When the material is injected into the mould under pressure the process is generally referred to as molding.

Instead of a liquid the material in powder for can also be compressed within a mold to form a final solid form. This powder forming process is often referred to as sintering.

Traditionally forging has been the forming of a metal by applying intermittent forces or blows. Generally the metal would be heated, although cold forging could have been used on smaller items.

Currently forging of metals is carried out with the metals both hot and cold. For sheet materials the forging process is generally referred to as pressing or forming. Generally solid forging is applied to metals, but the forming of sheets, rods and tubes etc. is also applied to non metallic materials.

Information on these processes from Wikipedia can be found at:

Casting Forging

title: Production engineering/Forming


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Portal:Learning Materialsnew/Selected biography

Hunter-gatherers
 * Main article: Hunter-gatherers project

An important function of Wikiversity is to provide critical evaluations of learning materials and online learning resources. Hunter-gatherers should participate in the critical evaluation of learning resources by editing the Wikiversity pages that are devoted to evaluating learning materials and describing how to integrate them into courses of study.

Wikiversity hunter-gatherers can take on ambassadorial functions and participate in Wikiversity projects that seek to establish collaborations between Wikiversity participants and outside educators (see outreach. These collaborations can involve the development of new learning materials for use either in the wiki user environment or outside of Wikiversity.


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Talk:Patricia Petibon

Untitled
I would welcome comments on the recordings, performances and career of the brilliant young French soprano, Patricia Petibon.

- thankyou, Steven Langley Guy

Why was the photo deleted? This was not a copyrighted photo - it was made by me from television.

Steven Langley Guy

title: Talk:Patricia Petibon


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Seminar in Tradecraft and HumInt/Moscow Rules/Moscow Rule template

 Moscow Rule number N: RULE. Explanation.

 Examples  Student Commentary on This Rule
 * Put examples here!
 * List links to commentary here!

 Links and Offsite Content on this Topic Put links here!


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User:Kizer/Web Page/Dreamweaver/Flashbutton

How to insert.. Flash Button

1.Open up a new Dreamweaver Document,Click on Insert on the top of the page, Scroll Down to Interactive image,and scroll over to flash button and click. 2.This box will appear: A.	choose the style that you want B.	In the text blank,type what you want to appear on your button C.	Choose which font and size that you want D.	On the link section,choose which link you will use for your button to appear,use browse for help finding the link E.	Choose bg for the background color of your button F.	Save it and click ok 3.	The button will then appear on your page,you can move your button by clicking on it with your mouse and moving it to a desired location. 4.	 Repeat Steps 1-3 when creating additional buttons.


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Talk:Honokaa, Hawaii

Not much to see?
I added some pictures, but they are not very interesting. There is supposed to be a Historic District somewhere, but could not easily find it. Usual issue that the name has an okina in it, but the post office and census databases do not. W Nowicki (talk) 20:57, 22 June 2009 (UTC)

 * There could possibly be a Hawaii-designated historic district or a locally designated one, but I see no NRHP-listed historic district for this area in the list at National Register of Historic Places listings on the island of Hawaii. That list has a redlink for Chee Ying Society in Honokaa, though.  That must be a building, and as it is listed on the NRHP it is wikipedia-notable.  Info available by requesting the free NRHP application document from nr_reference (at) nps.gov.  Hope this helps. doncram (talk) 15:32, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Right, I should have noted that I briefly drove by the area a couple of times and could not find it. Then noticed on the that the site Listed July 20, 1978, Chee Ying Society 78001014 building is shown as demolished (Delisted 6/30/2007) on the state listings. I added this info to WikiProject National Register of Historic Places/NRIS information issues but have not researched further. W Nowicki (talk) 18:03, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

Okina War again?
I would like to revert the edit that took the okinas out. By my reading of the wikipedia policy, if this article is in the Hawaii project, then the Hawaii manual of style should apply, which would use the Hawaiian spelling for place names. The word "Honokaa" is not an English word, since it does not appear in normal English dictionaries. It is the Hawaiian word Honokaa spelling without one of its consonants. W Nowicki (talk) 19:25, 23 June 2009 (UTC)
 * According to the referring to a Board on Geographic Names Decision in 1999 the name with okina is the preferred one. --ThT (talk) 18:36, 5 September 2009 (UTC)
 * The spelling with okina seems to be appropriate as the official name according to the U.S. Board on Geographic Names: "The U.S. Geological Survey developed the GNIS in support of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names as the official repository of domestic geographic names data, the official vehicle for geographic names use by all departments of the Federal Government, and the source for applying geographic names to Federal electronic and printed products." --ThT (talk) 20:41, 5 September 2009 (UTC)

Thanks for the source. So far I have not seen any reasoning behind taking the okina out. The only comment is that it looks odd to me having the name appear three times in the infobox. If it were me, I would just have it appear once with the okina, since it is pretty obvious that spelling it without is the same place, as is common practice on street signs, post offices, etc. For example, "Saint John's Road" would appear as "ST JOHNS RD" on signs and it would not need to have both names: the fully spelled one implies the simplified one. At least my taste it would look better with the just the one line in the infobox. W Nowicki (talk) 03:21, 6 September 2009 (UTC)

Alas, it looks like Nyttend over-ruled the consensus on this talk page again and removed the okinas. I disagree with his only comment that this article is only about the CDP. Most encyclopedias do not have articles only on CDPs; they have articles about the town (or "populated place" or whatever you call it), and quote the CDP numbers as some of the facts about the town. We need to look into a way of escalating this edit war so that the style guide would not be over-ruled so often by limitations of a ten-year old database. W Nowicki (talk) 22:24, 6 September 2009 (UTC)
 * In my view it is not appropriate for an encyclopedia to emphasize on just one aspect of a quite complex phenomenon. A human settlement is not only there as a cause for a census or elections, but has social, historical, cultural and other connotations. Because geographical research and documentation covers most of these aspects, I thought relying on the GNIS would be appropriate. --ThT (talk) 00:13, 7 September 2009 (UTC)
 * I Nyttend to discuss this here. --ThT (talk) 00:57, 7 September 2009 (UTC)
 * We must sometimes ignore the GNIS; for example, it gives "Brinkhaven" as the name of the populated place officially designated as Gann, Ohio. This is a census-designated place; unless you're willing to get rid of all geographic information except its location and all demographic location, this article is about the census-designated place, not the vague populated place noted by the GNIS.  Nyttend (talk) 00:09, 8 September 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, but I don't understand the example of Brinkhaven and Gann, Ohio, because this is about two different names, not the different spelling of the same name like in the case of Honokaa. Does that mean, we had to split this article into Honokaa, Hawaii (the populated place with a history, culture, and other references) and Honokaa, Hawaii (CDP) (identified by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes, according to Census-designated place)? This would be a solution of the disagreement about the spelling of the name, but would this correspond with the idea of an encyclopedia (cf. What is an article?: A Wikipedia article is a page that has encyclopedic information on it.). In my view the geographic approach covers the more general information range than the statistical purposes, therefore I'd prefer the GNIS as the more general reference. Also I disagree, that the GNIS refers to a vague populated place, because as you can see in the, it corresponds with
 * Census Code 16450
 * Coordinates (One point per USGS topographic map containing the feature)
 * U.S. General Services Administration (GSA Code, the database for the U.S. is available as MS Excel file)
 * In my view this again covers a wider range of (linked) information, which is exactly about the same populated place with the indicated geographical coordinates. --ThT (talk) 02:38, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

Agree with Tht, all databases can have limitations and outright errors, but in my opinion Wikipedia articles should try to have as much actual correct information as possible, not just be presentations of either database. Also note that the GNIS data is generally kept more up to date, since it is not ten years old by now. And of course the infobox has a GNIS code in it.

Has anyone checked to see if okinas will be in the 2010 census data? We already got and returned a form when we lived in what was the "Kahaluu-Keauhou" CDP but it did not have the CDP name on it. I suspect if you asked most people in Honokaa what they lived in, more would say "community" or "town" rather and "CDP". A reasonable compromise might be to keep the simplified spelling in the title and infobox as it is (consistent with the NRHP policy), but allow us to use the more modern spelling in the body, as the vast majority of editors have done. W Nowicki (talk) 03:40, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Honokaa, Hawaii. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100111012517/http://www.hamakuamusicfestival.com/ to http://www.hamakuamusicfestival.com/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:34, 4 April 2017 (UTC)

tree farms?
I don't have a source on hand, but we drove through this area and were amazed to see miles and miles of what I believe to be giant eucalyptus trees, probably Eucalyptus regnans or Eucalyptus deglupta, apparently being farmed. This might be a factor in trying to recover the regional economy, and these trees also trap a lot of atmospheric carbon. I'll look for some sources. Beeblebrox (talk) 19:58, 27 October 2022 (UTC)

 * this looks promising. Beeblebrox (talk) 20:02, 27 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Honokaa, Hawaii


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Peter Bő

Peter from the kindred Bő (Bő nembeli Péter), also known as Peter the Toothed (Fogas Péter; died after 1300), was a Hungarian nobleman at the end of the 13th century, who served as Count of the Székelys from 1294 to 1299 (or 1300).

Career
Peter was born into the gens (clan) Bő, which originated from Somogy County, as one of the two sons of Stephen, who himself was the son of Ders. His older brother was clergyman Michael, Bishop of Zagreb, then Archbishop of Esztergom. Through their unidentified paternal aunt (a sister of Stephen), Michael and Peter were related to the gens Monoszló and its influential contemporary members, brothers Egidius, Gregory and Peter.

Due to the influence of his cousin, Peter Monoszló, Bishop of Transylvania, Peter Bő was appointed Count of the Székelys by King Andrew III in 1294, at the same time, when Ladislaus Kán took the office of Voivode of Transylvania, while Michael Bő became grand provost of Transylvania. Peter first appeared as count in a royal charter on 29 June 1294, when he was a member of a special delegation, which investigated an atrocity between the citizens of Esztergom, the local chapter and the clergymen of St. Thomas Church. In December 1294, Egidius Monoszló donated three villages of the Atyina (today Voćin, Croatia) lordship to brothers Michael and Peter, entrusting the Pécs Chapter to contribute his instruction. The land donation was confirmed by Andrew III on 9 January 1295. On 19 February 1299, Peter was still referred to as Count of the Székelys, when he was present during a possession contract between Master of the treasury Dominic Rátót and Julius Sártványvecse. According to a non-authentic charter, Peter still held the office in the next year. Ladislaus Kán took control of the whole of Transylvania after the death of Andrew III in 1301. During the ensuing interregnum, he also usurped the administration of Székely Land, thus the dignity of Count of the Székelys remained in vacancy until 1315, when Charles restored royal authority after Kán's death.

Egidius Monoszló made his first will and testament in 1298, when formally adopted his maternal relatives (cousins) Michael and Peter. Egidius donated Darnóc Castle (today Slatinski Drenovac, Croatia) to them, however both Peter and Michael had died before Egidius. Thus, in 1308, Egidius changed his last will and testament, when his son-in-law, Nicholas and his brothers from the Nyék branch of the gens Aba were granted Darnóc, which confirmed Peter Bő's death by that date. According to the above-mentioned non-authentic charter dated 28 October 1300, King Andrew III has given permission Peter Bő to hand over Darnóc to his wife. It is presumable that the document was forged in favour of Peter's wife (now widow) in the early 14th century, as her husband in fact never owned the estate.

title: Peter Bő


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User:SailWriter2/sandbox

Emeritus Professor Robert Cormack (born 1946, Blantyre, Scotland) retired in late 2009 after an illustrious career in higher education, most notably at Queen’s University, Belfast where his service spanned the troubles in Northern Ireland. He became a leading specialist and author on equal opportunities, discrimination and public policy in Northern Ireland. He retired as principal of UHI Millennium Institute, the prospective University of the Highlands and Islands in the north of Scotland, taking it to the final stages in the process for university title and achieving taught degree awarding powers. He served as principal from 2001 to 2009.

Professor Cormack was educated in Scotland at Montrose Academy, the University of Aberdeen and in the United States at Brown University. In 1973 he was appointed to a lectureship in sociology at Queen’s University, Belfast. He was awarded a personal chair in 1994. He served as dean of the faculty of economics and social sciences and latterly as pro-vice-chancellor from 1995 to 2001.

With his colleague, Professor Robert Osborne, Professor Cormack undertook much of the early research on the differences in education and employment between the two communities in Northern Ireland. This led to major changes in fair employment legislation and in the funding of Catholic schools. He was co-director of the Centre for Research on Higher Education – a joint research centre of Queen’s University Belfast and the University of Ulster.

He has a long list of public and professional appointments to his name, including work in Europe dealing with issues such as globalisation and the universities; under-represented groups in higher education; the contribution of higher education to tolerance in European society, and the "brain drain." For two years, he was a Council of Europe member contracted by the World Bank to advise on the restructuring of higher education after the Kosovo war.

Professor Cormack was a member of the Joint Information Systems Committee; member of the Council of the Society for Research into Higher Education; Trustee of the Ireland Chair of Poetry; member of the Board of Governors of Stranmillis University College; chair of the Belfast Citizens Advice Bureaux, and worked with the Council of Europe.

Professor Cormack became principal of UHI Millennium Institute, the prospective University of the Highlands and Islands, in 2001. Under his leadership, UHI achieved taught degree awarding powers in 2008 and reached the final stages in the process for university title. He received one of the first honorary fellowships awarded by the University of the Highlands and Islands, for his contribution to its realisation, from its first ever Chancellor, HRH The Princess Royal, in 2012.

In 2008 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, on which he served as a Trustee from 2012 to 2016. Cape Breton University awarded him a Doctor of Letters in 2009, and the same year the University of Edinburgh awarded him a Doctor honoris causa. Professor Cormack served on the Court of Queen Margaret University from 2010 to 2016, and was appointed a Trustee of the David Hume Institute in 2016. In 2015, as part of its 40th anniversary celebrations, the British Educational Research Association (BERA) compiled a set of 40 landmark studies that have had a significant impact on educational policy, practice, research methodology and/or theory over the past 40 years. BERA named Cormack and Osborne, ‘Religion, Education and Employment’ as one of those studies.

title: User:SailWriter2/sandbox


text:
Emily Rebecca Page

Emily Rebecca Page (May 5, 1834 - February 14, 1862) was an American poet and editor. She began contributing poems to the Portland, Maine Transcript in 1846. She wrote prose and poetry for the Carpet-Bag, Ladies' Repository, and the Rose-Bud. For several years, she was a contributor to the publications of Maturin Murray Ballou. Some of her poetry, including "The Old Canoe", was occasionally attributed to other authors. That and "Haunted" were printed in Poets and Poetry of Vermont (Boston, 1860). "The Old Bridge," "Mabel," "My Angels," and "Watching" were also well known. "Lily of the Valley" was issued in book-form (Boston, 1859). Page died in Massachusetts in 1862.

Early life and education
Emily Rebecca Page was born in Bradford Village, Vermont, May 5, 1834. Her father, Casper Page, by occupation a shoemaker, was formerly of Greensboro, Vermont. Her mother, Emily A. (Alger) Page, was daughter, by a former marriage, of Mrs. Eugene Baker, and died when this, her infant daughter and only child, was only two weeks of age. The dying young mother gave her child to Mrs. Baker, her own mother, to raise as her own. Page's father died of tuberculosis before Page was two years old.

Eugene Baker, the step-grandfather, was toll-gatherer at Piermont Bridge, across Connecticut River. His toll house, in which Page was brought up, was at the west end of the bridge, and in Bradford, her native place. Her commemoration of the bridge in her poem, "The Old Bridge", was natural.

Early teachers included her aunt, Maria R. Baker, and Miss Mary Belcher. When still young, Page attended a private school in Piermont, New Hampshire. When older, she attended the academy in Bradford and, for a term or two, that at St. Johnsbury, Vermont. The last time she appeared in the schoolroom, was at the close of the academic year. She was so frail that she was obliged to lean upon another student while she read her essay out loud. Page wrote verses while yet a child, and when about twelve years of age, some of her poetic effusions found their way into the local paper, much to her regret in later years.

Career
Page began contributing poems to the Portland "Transcript" in 1846. She wrote both prose and poetry for the "Carpet-Bag," "Ladies' Repository," and an annual called the "Rose-Bud" (Boston, 1854–55), as well as for Benjamin Penhallow Shillaber's publication. She was for several years a constant contributor to Ballou's publications and an assistant in the editorial work.

Several of Page's poems appeared in the Gazetteer, and also in the volume of Vermont Poets. Abby Maria Hemenway, editor of the Vermont Historical Gazetteer, said that Page had the honor, while living, of being one of the only two in Vermont admitted by Charles Anderson Dana into his compilation of the Household Poets of the World. Her work was included in Lily of the Valley (Boston, 1859).

"The Old Canoe" and some of her other poems were often mistakenly attributed to various distinguished authors. The first and revised edition of Poets and Poetry of Vermont (Boston, 1860), edited by Hemenway contains several of Page's poems, including "The Old Canoe" and "Haunted". "The Old Bridge," "Mabel," "My Angels," and "Watching" were also well known.

After the death of the step-grandfather, Page moved to Chelsea, Massachusetts, near Boston, with her grandmother Baker and Aunt Maria. Here, she was connected for editorial work with one of the Boston weekly papers, and as poetical editor of Frederick Gleason's various publications.

Death
Always frail and delicate, she died at Chelsea, February 14, 1862, age 27. Her grave is in Woodlawn Cemetery, in Everett, Massachusetts, her epitaph being her own words, "Through the darkness into light."

title: Emily Rebecca Page


text:
Talk:Lucid Dreaming: Introduction

Discussion "Misgivings about the book's approach" moved to Talk:Lucid Dreaming.

Does anyone else think that this is a little harsh when it talks about the mentally ill? It seems as though it clumps every mental disorder together and considers the brain unstable for anything. Is how lucid dreaming affects them proven, or is it just a guess by the authors? Or is this a general consensus among the lucid sleepers? --Emlnxrz 15:30, 18 June 2004 (UTC)

 * I myself have never heard of all this stuff. r3m0t (cont) (talk) 08:13, 19 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Are they "levels" of sleep or "stages". Or aren't these actually used synonymously? --Spikey 04:53, 31 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * Synonymous. I will change all uses to levels because they are usually called levels 1 to 4. r3m0t (cont) (talk) 05:02, 31 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh, and welcome to the lucid dreaming wikibook! Got any feedback? How's your dream recall going or have you not done anything? :) r3m0t (cont) (talk) 13:22, 2 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I haven't really tried any of this yet. I'll probably start working on my dream recall this summer or next schoolyear.  I'll be heading off to college, and it seems like a good time to start new things like a dream journal.  --Spikey 04:06, 3 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Cool. Any feedback, please tell me. And by the way, if you become LD obsessed, the ld4all.com forums is a good visit, despite the spiritual stuff floating around in masses. r3m0t (cont) (talk) 08:24, 3 Feb 2004 (UTC)

"We awake quite often throughout the night, but if it is for less than 3 minutes it is usually forgotten by the time we wake up."
 * Really?

 * source. Now that I look at it, it seems it only happens after some REM and not after every REM. I'll try to clarify... it's only quasi-awake (or pseudo-awake ;) ) anyway, you get hypnagogic/hypnapompic imagery which probably goes along the same lines as the dream.

 * Why can't I seem to remember hypnagogic/hypnapompic imagery?

 * I have found that it slips away as I get out of bed in the morning. Can't you remember that you have wierd thoughts, illogical, irrational etc. when you are still drowsy in bed? That is hypnagogic/hypnapompic imagery. Also voices and any other vivid odd feelings (such as falling). r3m0t (cont) (talk) 12:27, 25 Feb 2004 (UTC)

The "I can't control my dreams" section is badly written in my opinion. I can't do it better myself, so I just complain here instead. It's not clear if it refers to lucid dreams or not (this is an introduction, most people probably haven't much lucid dream experience yet). Further, I would say there are many levels of lucidity. You might vaguely know that you are dreaming without being able to control the dream, especially in the beginning. Control is something you practice. Moreover, the connection between the Mother Theresa section is quite week. What is it really about?

 * I'm glad you realise that you're able to correct it :). I was not referring to lucid dreams, but more the feeling of "watching" a dream and not "acting" in it. There certainly are different levels of lucidity, and lucidity in lucid dreams should generally increase with practice. Now that I look at the second paragraph of that question, I have no clue why I put that in. I'll take it out soon if I don't remember, or link it in more fully if I do. r3m0t (cont) (talk) 14:43, 7 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I believe the whole introduction feels more like a "Lucid dreaming FAQ". It answer questions newbie lucid dreamers might have rather than introducing the reader to the subject.

 * It seems to me to get the content through. r3m0t (cont) (talk) 14:43, 7 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Dissociation
What do you think about the addition I made to the Dissociation section (things you should NOT be experiencing)? It does seem a bit scary to me, is it worth including at all?

KC 23:08, 17 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Yes, it does seem a bit scary -- just about everything in that list has happened to me at one time or another in real life. "Finding oneself in a place but unaware of how one got there" ? I thought this happened to just about everyone the first few times they wake up in an unfamiliar place. I remember that happened when I woke up after the first time I spent the night at Grandmom's house.

Perhaps we should move the Dissociation section to a completely different page and merely link to it. Would dissociation be appropriate ?

-- anonymous

Hello from a wikinewbie! I have had many LD's and would like to offer a few comments, I have chosen to put them all here until I have more time, and hopefully sources other than my (and friends') experiences. Also please inform if I am breaking with convention in this post.

RE: "signs you weren't"...Entering a dream within a dream is a technique for better lucidity, also some of the most profound are when one already lucid enters another realm, often experienced as going to sleep when you already know you are dreaming. (one ref. would be works by Dr. Alberto Villoldo)

RE: Dissociation: I think it is scary, and maybe misleading. I think it's a great idea to have some mention here, but perhaps it could be shortened and refer to some authority on dissociative behavior. (If community thinks it's important enough to mention, then it's too important for us nonpsychology experts to advise much)
 * also on this topic, I feel that some of these things are common (if very brief), and may be a sign of personal progress. e.g. ability to see oneself as other can be healthy analization. I hate to over discourage folks on a good path, so while I'm not able to do better with this page, it strikes me as analogous to quitting playing an instrument if you suddenly play a song very well, or improvise music that is better than you thought yourself capable of.

I would appreciate knowing if I should post differently. Would it be helpful to this book to find links to forums, or maybe start a "recomended reading list" GreenTwin 18:36, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Hello to you! There is no convention you should follow in the talk pages. If you'de like to contribute to the main book though, check Talk:Lucid Dreaming first for a few basic guidelines.

 * Dreams within dreams: I've never heard of that and can't think why it would work (beyond the placebo effect). Besides, that's a different case. That's somebody who knows about lucid dreams who then becomes lucid and uses that technique in order to gain better lucidity. The fact is, generally people who enter a lucid dream from within a dream aren't really lucid, they're only dreaming that they are.

 * Community no more. I don't have an opinion on the dissociation section because I don't understand it.

 * (Why did you indent that twice?) What do you mean by "ability to see oneself as other"? What do you mean by things being brief? What is "healthy analization"? Sorry, I don't understand you.

 * There is already a "recommended reading list". It's called "Further Reading" and it's on the nav:

 * It includes links to forums and books. r3m0t (cont) (talk) 07:52, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I'm a little concerned that the book presents 'symptoms' that only a few may have experienced as concrete aspects of Lucid Dreaming. Most of the list of dissociations could possibly be explained by other psychological explanations and not related to Lucid Dreaming, and yet here they are being listed as factual symptoms.

It might be better to have this introduced as things that some people have experienced whilst attempted to experience Lucid Dreaming'.

- Matt 18:15, 15 April 2005 (GMT)

Spinning?
"Attempting to spin" - what does it mean? If it means literally spin, what is so special about it? And if you use a different meaning, please elaborate.

 * Anything that gives your senses input from the dream world is fine. Spinning is a good way to "lock" yourself more into the dream consciousness, by asking your brain to generate more substance to the dream. Another way is to focus on dream visuals to make them more stable. Am I making any sense? KC 22:03, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, it means literally spin. It's the sort of thing which somebody who knows about lucid dreaming would do. It's the sort of thing I do in a lucid dream, because it prolongs my dreams (see LD Using and the above post) r3m0t (cont) (talk) 06:21, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Reasons to pursue lucid dreaming
Thanks for all the work you have put into this wikibook. When I came upon this subject initially, I had one central question on my mind. Namely, is lucid dreaming a fruitful pursuit, or merely a frivolous diversion from the transcendental purposes of life? I decided to give lucid dreaming a try. I got a notebook and began to record my dreams. I began to ponder the matter of how I knew during waking moments that I was in the physical world. I hydrated copiously before retiring. In the end I lost interest because I just couldn't convince myself there was transcendental purpose in lucid dreaming. It would be a great contribution to this Wikibook to have a more fully developed section about the rationale for studying/pursuing lucid dreaming. Does lucid dreaming enhance one's ability to understand and practice sacrificial love and to make the best use of one's time in this world? How? Why is it that the majority of discussion of lucid dreaming seems to be from a purposeless or frivolous perspective? I think all this would make a very interesting addition to the Wikibook. <IP_ADDRESS> 21:41, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Most people take it as a "frivolous pursuit". However:

 * Some people have said that meditating (or dreaming) within a dream has felt to them particularly deep, that they found it easier to relax, etc.
 * You can try shared dreaming from it as well as attempt astral projection.
 * Considering that (healthy people) spend about 1/3 of their time sleeping and 1/4 of their time dreaming, I would say that lucid dreaming aids effective use of time. You're using that remaining 1/12 of living life at not much cost to the rest of your time. As some people have reported solving problems in dreams, you might be able to solve some of your own. Also, your artistic side is probably more "open" - pasQuale dreamed up the two most recent designs of LD4all.com.
 * I would imagine that there is not much interest in lucid dreaming for spirituality because Stephen LaBerge, who proved lucid dreaming, did not publish any mention of it in his book. Therefore people went along the "fun and silly" route. However, I don't see why this should stop you from trying lucid dreaming, because it honestly is great fun and very satisfying when you become lucid. r3m0t (cont) (talk) 07:32, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC) PS You will get more replies by joining a forum or asking on alt.dreams.lucid. Check the "further reading" section.

last section and hypnosis
I believe the last part is way off. Self hypnosis as I understand doesn't lead to any visual/etc experiences and can't really be compared with lucid dreaming. Apart from the fact that you are interacting with your subconscious on a different level.

 * Well, it does say 'If you often enter a "dream world"' . . . but I see your point. I don't have any strong feelings about it either way; if you want to remove that part, go ahead. —Tharenthel (Talk) (Contribs) 23:07, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

False Awakenings
The section on false awakenings really needs improvement! I don't understand what it is about. Link it or expand it, something needs to be added. -- Phyzome 22:34, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I tried to clarify it some. It does still need some work, but it hopefully makes more sense now. —Tharenthel (Talk) (Contribs) 06:19, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lucid Dreaming: Introduction


text:
Nike Wagner

Nike Wagner (born 9 June 1945) is a German dramaturge, arts administrator and author. She directed the festival Kunstfest Weimar, and has been the director of the Beethovenfest from 2014. The daughter of Wieland Wagner, she is a great-granddaughter of Richard Wagner, and a great-great‑granddaughter of Franz Liszt. She devoted books to the Wagner family and its cultural and political influence.

Career
Wagner was born in Überlingen on Lake Constance in Germany, the daughter of Wieland Wagner and the choreographer Gertrud Reissinger. Her paternal great-grandfather was Richard Wagner, and she is also the great-great‑granddaughter of Franz Liszt.

She grew up in Wahnfried, Bayreuth, until her father's death in 1966, whereupon her uncle Wolfgang Wagner had the house measured and asked her widowed mother to pay rent. She studied musicology, literature and theatre in Berlin, and holds a Ph.D. from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, obtained in 1980 under the direction of Erich Heller.

She is the author of several important books on a variety of subjects, which include Karl Kraus (Geist und Geschlecht: Karl Kraus und die Erotik der Wiener Moderne, Frankfurt am Main, Suhrkamp, 1982 — a work based on her doctoral dissertation) and the Wagner family (The Wagners: The Dramas of a Musical Dynasty, Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 2001). Her article questioning the propriety of public subsidies given to high-profile cultural events in general, and the Bayreuth Festival in particular (at present c. US$6.5 million annually), Im Fadenkreuz der Kulturpolitik, published in the July 2006 issue of Cicero: Magazin für politische Kultur, engendered controversy within Germany.

In 1999 Wagner became a member of the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung, and has served as its vice president since 2011. In 2001, she made a bid for directorship of the Bayreuth Festival, together with Gérard Mortier, who had changed the Salzburg Festival, but did not expect to win. In 2004, Wagner became the director of the , which she named Pèlerinages in honour of Liszt. She stood down from the post in September 2013.

In 2013 she was named the director of the Beethovenfest, and assumed this post in January 2014. She has recognized Wagner's relation to Beethoven, who modeled his first composition on Beethoven's works. She focused less on Beethoven's symphonies, but presented more chamber music, often in contrast with contemporary works in the genre.

Other activities

 * Bonner Akademie für Forschung und Lehre praktischer Politik (BAPP), Member of the Board of Trustees
 * Deutsche Bank, Member of the Advisory Board (since 2017)
 * Goethe Institute, Member of the Committee for the Goethe Medal

Selected publications

 * Nike Wagner, et al., Mann, sei nicht so hysterisch (Munich, Matthes und Seitz, 1991).
 * Nike Wagner, Wagner-Theater (Frankfurt am Main, Insel-Verlag, 1998).
 * Nike Wagner, Traumtheater: Szenarien der Moderne (Frankfurt am Main, Insel-Verlag, 2001).

Awards

 * 1999: member of the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung
 * member of the Literaturklasse of the Sächsische Akademie der Künste
 * 2012: Honorary professor at the
 * 2013: Order of Merit of the Free State of Thuringia
 * 2022 Honorary doctorate of the University of Music Franz Liszt Weimar

title: Nike Wagner


text:
Stadion Beroe

Stadion Beroe (Стадион „Бeрое“, 'Beroe Stadium') (also nicknamed The Temple) is a multi-purpose stadium in Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. It is located in the north-western part of the city, near the park Ayazmoto. Currently, the venue is used for football matches and athletic competitions and is also the home ground of the local football club PFC Beroe Stara Zagora. The stadium has a seating capacity of 12,128 spectators and it was officially inaugurated on April 4, 1959.

 * The stadium's athletic lane meets all of the IAAF requirements to host international competitions.
 * In October 2011, a new floodlight system and a new scoreboard were installed.
 * The record attendance of the stadium is 42,000 and it was achieved in an A Group match between Beroe and Levski Sofia in 1972.

National team matches
2013 UEFA Euro U-17 Q

2015 UEFA Euro U-21 Q

2015 UEFA Euro U-21 Q

2015 UEFA Euro U-21 Q

2015 UEFA European Under-17 Championship - OPENING MATCH

title: Stadion Beroe


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Robert A. Ficano

The result was   keep. Missvain (talk) 05:33, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

Robert A. Ficano

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Politician of only local note, no significant articles about the subject to build an article. Prod removed because of longevity in local politics and local coverage. Thargor Orlando (talk) 13:09, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep. Honestly, I am a bit baffled by this nomination. This man was chief executive for a dozen years (and sheriff for 20 more) of a major county which has more people (about 1.8 million) than any of a dozen U.S. states.  Over the last 30-plus years, there must be hundreds of articles about him in the Detroit News and Detroit Free Press. Kestenbaum (talk) 13:16, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Politicians-related deletion discussions.  Everymorning   talk  13:47, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Keep as he is a major local political figure who has received significant press coverage.. —  Noah  15:51, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Keep per 's points. For example, HighBeam Research yields more than 600 news hits about him.   --Arxiloxos (talk) 16:58, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * How many of them fit into the local exemption from WP:NPOL as claimed by User:Noah Salzman, because I'm not immediately seeing them. Thargor Orlando (talk) 21:44, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * To the best of my knowledge the Detroit Free Press is a respected news source and considered reliable. There seems to be wealth of coverage in that publication alone and more by the NY Times and Washington Post. Although, maybe I am missing your point? —  Noah  22:09, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * It's local coverage is the point. The exception you link to discusses feature-length pieces about the subject, for example.  In that "wealth of coverage," is that what you're getting?  I'm not seeing anything obvious coming up.  We expect anyone running for even a regional office to get a "wealth of coverage," but we put some reasonable limitations in place so we're not stuck with a bunch of articles about local politicians who get in the local news twice a week. Thargor Orlando (talk) 23:06, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * You correct to worry that we could end up with thousands of articles on non-notable local politicians if we only went by WP:NPOL's "significant press coverage". However, when we add to that "major lcoal politician" then it shrinks the pool of candidates considerably. I believe that Ficano is a major local politician. And, to your other point, I did not find a long-form feature-length piece on Ficano but I do not believe we need that to establish his notability; there is sufficient coverage outside of that. —  Noah  00:07, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * The guideline you link to recommends exactly that, a feature piece. If we're looking to carve an exemption for him, I think we need a better argument is all. Thargor Orlando (talk) 00:35, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Ahhh... but in a footnote! We can ignore it! I think our two positions are fairly set. Let's see how the consensus forms. Cheers, —  Noah  01:04, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * And why should we ignore it? Thargor Orlando (talk) 14:52, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Michigan-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 19:10, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Strong keep. Same rationale as Kestenbaum and Noah.  And there is abundant coverage him in major metropolitan newspapers, not like coverage is limited to local, small-town newspapers. Cbl62 (talk) 20:02, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. Even if the coverage of the local politician is local, that is permitted under the "local politicians must have extensive news coverage" rule. The population is not a factor regarding "local politicians": it's not in the rules. Billy Hathorn (talk) 04:04, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment. Population may not be in the rules, but the lack of large population in a political jurisdiction is often cited in favor of deleting a politician. Kestenbaum (talk) 12:55, 12 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Keep Ficano is not a "politician of local note" he was one of the top 4 political figures in Metro-Detroit at any given time, a metro area with several million people. He was not quite as big a figure as Kilpatrick or Patterson, but he can not be rejected as a major figure either. The Wayne County Executive is a major figure with significant power and influence.John Pack Lambert (talk) 05:19, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Keep Based on the scope and breadth of coverage in reliable and verifiable sources. Alansohn (talk) 05:00, 16 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
корити

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to jeer at

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  to scold, reprimand, criticize

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to scold, to reprimand, to criticize

title: корити


text:
Percy Varco

Percy Varco (17 April 1904 – 29 January 1982) was an English professional football centre-forward.

Varco was born in Fowey, Cornwall and played for his local side Fowey Town before moving to Southern League Torquay United. He left Plainmoor in 1924 to join Aston Villa for a fee of £200, scoring twice in 10 league games for the West Midlands side. He subsequently moved to Queens Park Rangers (4 goals in 16 league games), before joining Norwich City in 1927. He quickly became a hero at The Nest, scoring 32 times in his first season, including 10 goals in his first 7 league games. In 1929, after 37 goals in just 57 league games for Norwich (and 47 in 65 overall), he moved to Exeter City and continued to be a prolific goalscorer, netting 41 goals in 81 league games. He moved to Brighton and Hove Albion in 1932, but played just once for the Seagulls before returning to Cornwall where he played for non-league sides St Austell and St Blazey.

In later life he spent two spells as Mayor of Fowey. Varco was known as a "brilliant conversationalist".

title: Percy Varco


text:
Hadji Kamlon

Datu Hadji Kamlon, also known as Maas Kamlon, was a Tausūg who fought during World War II, and afterwards, staged his own uprising against the Philippine government under Presidents Elpidio Quirino and Ramon Magsaysay. He is regarded as a folk hero among the Tausūg.

Personal life
His father's name is Hadji Angsa while his wife's name is Adjuria. Kamlon did not have more wives because he said that he was contented with one.

Kamlon was also a peaceful farmer before World War II. After the war, he turned to banditry.

Uprising
Before the uprising, he was known to the Philippine government as a "perennial troublemaker", having surrendered to the authorities on 1947 only to start an uprising in 1948. He had good relations and have high regard to his fellow unsung Tausug Hero at that time the Sayyid Capt. Kalingalan Caluang

In 1948, starting with a core group of 25 members, Kamlon launched an uprising to clear the issue of land reform, overthrow the Philippine government, and assert the sovereignty of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo over the Tausūg. Eventually, with his anti-Filipino campaign gaining traction, Kamlon's following grew to around 100 members. Armed mainly with M1918 Browning Automatic Rifles and a variety of Japanese rifles from the war, the group became known for wiping out the 7th Infantry Battalion, the Korean War veteran unit called Nenita. The gravity of Kamlon's threat shook the newly independent republic as it simultaneously dealt with other internal threats such as the communist movement Hukbalahap. Meanwhile, the Philippine government tried to sully Kamlon's name by branding him as a bandit, criminal, and rebel, among others, to blunt his image and reputation among the people.

On 1949, he surrendered to Col. Diosdado Rodriguez.

Temporary peace and resumption of conflict
In July 1952, more than 5,000 troops supported by tanks, aircraft, and naval units were mobilized to flush out Kamlon, this time led by then Defense Secretary Ramon Magsaysay. On July 31 of the same year, Kamlon showed up at Lahing-Lahing beach where he surrendered, not because of the ensuing offensive, but in response to Magsaysay's secret meeting with him in Sulu. By this time, Kamlon had some 300 warriors with him, and was considered the second largest threat to the Philippines next to the Hukbalahap.

However, observers were quick to judge Kamlon's actions as a farce, likely to serve as relief from the fighting. President Elpidio Quirino himself dispelled any claims that he shook hands with Kamlon as a result of this surrender. This doubt would be justified when in August 1952, a week after his surrender, Kamlon returned to continue his rebellion, and the Filipino troops were back in Sulu to fight against his forces. The resulting battle caused 20 casualties on Kamlon's side.

On August 13, 1952, Kamlon's force attacked Jolo. He has been successful.

A few months later, on November 9, Kamlon once again surrendered. However it was only on November 12 that he would formally surrender to Justice Secretary Oscar Castelo who had been designated by the President as his personal representative to accept the surrender in the office of the Director of Prisons at Muntinlupa, Rizal. Castelo reassured Kamlon that the government would see to it that he would be brought before the courts as soon as possible, perhaps within two weeks, so that the charges pending against him would be resolved at a fair trial as promised to him by the President. The Moro outlaw arrived in Manila the previous day, accompanied by Col. Agustin Marking who effected his surrender. He will be under the custody of the Director of Prisons while awaiting trial.

With 23 of his men, they were convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. It would not take long before Kamlon was out again to resume his rebellion. This cycle would continue till 1955.

He was then brought to Muntinlupa Prison afterwards after a trial on November 29 but was again granted executive clemency by President Quirino and paroled with 23 of his men, and 5000 hectares of public land on Tawi-Tawi were set aside for him and his followers. However Kamlon and his men did not settle on Tawi-Tawi for various reasons.

On August 11, 1953, there was a battle between Kamlon's forces and Philippine Armed Forces in the eastern part of Sulu. The government forces were successful.

From another account in August 1955, Kamlon and 40 of his followers routed an entire platoon of government troops in Sulu, killing 18 and wounding 19 others. This was the “largest casualty figure in one engagement suffered by government troops” in pursuit of Kamlon. His group incurred only 1 death and 5 wounded, according to the news report.

On September 24, 1955, when Kamlon delivered his unconditional surrender after a battle that occurred on Tandu Panuan, Sulu for the 4th time against the 2nd Infantry Division, Sulu Air Task Group (SATAG, composed of 6th and 7th Fighter Squadrons), and a gunboat of the Philippine Navy that cost him 190 of his men killed, 48 wounded and 82 captured. The entire seven-year campaign cost the government ₱185 million (US$985 million in 2019 figures).

Imprisonment
Kamlon's initial conviction was upheld and he was sentenced to life imprisonment, a condition Kamlon himself contested, claiming that his surrender was not entirely unconditional because there was "a promise of a parole". However, the Philippine government countered with the justification that Kamlon was not promised anything beyond his partial pardon. Since he had violated the conditions of his pardon, he was disqualified. The conditions included a monthly report from Kamlon to the Philippine Constabulary, his assistance to the surrender of rebels and firearms in the Sulu area, and his permission to be regularly visited by an authority from the Philippine government. Among those who worked for his release was Nur Misuari, later chairman of the Moro National Liberation Front. For those who survived the uprising, and those who would follow the path of Moro rebellion, the aging Kamlon was viewed as a pioneer in fighting for independence and liberty. He was finally granted a pardon by President Ferdinand Marcos.

Popular culture
Kamlon was portrayed by Ramon Revilla in the 1981 film Kamlon. The film was an entry in the 1981 Metro Manila Film Festival.

title: Hadji Kamlon


text:
Praça do Comércio

The Praça do Comércio is a large, harbour-facing plaza in Portugal's capital, Lisbon, and is one of the largest in Portugal, with an area of 175 by 175 m (574 by 574 ft), that is, 30,600 m2 (329,000 ft2).

Facing the Tagus (Tejo) to the South, the plaza is still commonly known in Portuguese as Terreiro do Paço (, as it hosted the Paço da Ribeira until the latter was destroyed by the great 1755 Lisbon earthquake (the subway station located there is still named after the old name of the plaza).

After the earthquake, the plaza was completely remodeled as part of the rebuilding of the Pombaline Downtown (Baixa), ordered by Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, who was (chief) Minister of Portugal from 1750 to 1777, during the reign of the Portuguese King José I. From the 19th century onwards, Praça do Comércio became the seat of some of the most important Portuguese state departments, including the Ministries of Finances, Internal Administration, Agriculture and Maritime Affairs; before the Carnation Revolution (1974) and the creation of a unified Ministry of Defence, it was also the location of the War and Navy Ministries, as well as the old Ministry of Colonies (up to 1967), and thus also became a methonym for the Portuguese central government. Also housed there is the Supreme Court.

In June 1910, just a few months before the establishment of the Portuguese Republic, Praça do Comércio was classified as a National Monument of Portugal.

History
Urban development of the banks of the Tagus river (the Ribeira) was given firm impulse in the early 16th century, when King Manuel I built a new royal residence – the Ribeira Palace – by the river, outside the city walls. The area was further developed with the building of a port, shipbuilding facilities (the Ribeira das Naus), the Casa da Índia and other administrative buildings that regulated the commerce between Portugal and other parts of Europe and its colonies in Africa, Asia and the Americas.

On 1 November 1755, during the reign of King José I, a great earthquake followed by a tsunami and fire destroyed most of Lisbon, including the Ribeira Palace and other buildings by the river. José I's Prime Minister, the Marquis of Pombal, coordinated a massive rebuilding effort led by Portuguese architect Eugénio dos Santos. He designed a large, rectangular square in the shape of a "U", open towards the Tagus. The buildings have galleries on their ground floors, and the arms of the "U" end in two large towers, reminiscent of the monumental tower of the destroyed Ribeira Palace, still vivid in the architectural memory of the city. His plan was realised almost completely, although decorative details were changed and the east tower of the square and the Augusta Street Arch were only finished in the 19th century. This triumphal arch was designed by the Portuguese architect Santos de Carvalho and was completed in 1873. The top section includes statues representing important Portuguese figures such as Vasco da Gama and the Marquis of Pombal.

The square was named Praça do Comércio, the Square of Commerce, to indicate its new function in the economy of Lisbon. The symmetrical buildings of the square were filled with government bureaux regulating customs and port activities. The centrepiece of the ensemble was the equestrian statue of King José I, inaugurated in 1775 in the centre of the square. This bronze statue, the first monumental statue dedicated to a king in Lisbon, was designed by Joaquim Machado de Castro, Portugal's foremost sculptor of the time.

Opening towards Augusta Street, which links the square with the other traditional Lisbon square, the Rossio, the original project by Eugénio dos Santos planned a triumphal arch, only realised in 1875. This arch, usually called the Arco da Rua Augusta, was designed by Veríssimo da Costa. It has a clock and statues of Glory, Ingenuity and Valor (by the French sculptor Calmels) and those of Viriatus, Nuno Álvares Pereira, Vasco da Gama and, of course, the Marquis of Pombal.

On 1 February 1908, the square was the scene of the assassination of Carlos I, the penultimate King of Portugal. On their way back from the palace of Vila Viçosa to the royal palace in Lisbon, the carriage containing Carlos I and his family passed through the Terreiro do Paço. While crossing the square, shots were fired from the crowd by at least two men: Alfredo Luís da Costa and Manuel Buíça. The king died immediately, his heir Luís Filipe was mortally wounded, and Prince Manuel was hit in the arm. The assassins were shot on the spot by police and later recognized as members of the Republican Party – which two years later overthrew the Portuguese monarchy.

The wealth of Portugal was channeled through this plaza and port. It serves as not only a transportation hub but also as a hub for commercial businesses, having two main directions of travel, west and south. The northern side tram leads to the district of Belem and the southern port is a ferry that goes across the River Tagus.

The destruction of the palace led to the loss of the greatest archive of Portuguese literature. The library housed over 200,000 books. The reconstruction took around a century to go from plans to finished construction. At the southern end of the plaza at the water's edge was a grand marble staircase meant for the arrival of royal dignitaries. These steps date to before the 1755 earthquake and would have led straight into the royal palace.

On June 10, the day of Portugal, the plaza is full of military and residents who celebrate the day.

The plaza is home to the oldest café in the city, Martinho da Arcada (established 1782). It also houses the monumental Pousada Hotel.

The western tower of the square (where once stood the Navy and the Colonies Ministries), houses the Baixa's location of the Museum of Lisbon.

title: Praça do Comércio


text:
The Revised Fundamentals of Caregiving

The Revised Fundamentals of Caregiving is a 2012 novel by American author Jonathan Evison, published in 2012. The novel's plot revolves around the relationship between the titular caregiver, Ben Benjamin, and his teenage charge, Trevor Conklin, who suffers from Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The two take a road trip together and encounter a variety of characters and roadside attractions along their way to their ultimate destination, Trevor's father Bob. Evison dedicated the book to one of his patients, Case Levenson, a man with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, citing their experience together as a major inspiration for the novel. Evison also credits a family tragedy with inspiring the road trip sequence. A film based on the book was released in June 2016.

Plot summary
The book (and adapted film) follows a 39-year-old man who has experienced personal tragedy and is currently climbing out of depression and grief. His estranged wife has been waiting for months for him to sign divorce papers. He has lost his work and his house. After being trained as a care-giver, his first job is for a boy with muscular dystrophy, 19-year-old Trev. The disease has taken the movement of Trev's body, but definitely not the spark from his brain and quick, silver-tongued wit. The two find a match in each other, supporting each other in quiet or razzing ways, and ultimately pushing each other to move beyond their deep-rooted and insurmountable sorrows (one from loss, the other from the impending loss of his life from a disease). The strong theme is about love and connection. In the end, this is a story about valuing life and how fragile life is, how precious it is, and how — despite the inevitability of death — the path to that end (including love) is what matters.

Reception
Jennifer Gilmore, author of "The Mothers" novel (2013) wrote a Sunday Book Review in The New York Times about this third novel from Evison. Gilmore highlights the road trip, stating "... the journey is reckless and wild, infused with the sad rage that makes good comedy great. Ben’s powers of observation make this trip unforgettable."

Ron Charles reviewed the novel for The Washington Post. Charles stated the novel is "not perfect" but is "moving and funny" and pointed out how one of Evison's own odd jobs as a caregiver lent him insight into telling "a story about someone caring for a disabled person that isn’t gauzed in sentimentality or bitterness."

Other critics were generally positive, with The A.V. Club's Phil Dyess-Nugent praising Evison's comic ability, saying that "[Evison] can be funny like nobody else, about things few other writers would risk laughing about," although Jennifer Weiner, writing for NPR, found the banter between Trevor and Ben to be distracting, giving the caveat that "when Evison's not trotting out his Urban Dictionary-level expertise about increasingly absurd sex acts, the writing can be lovely".

Translations
A German translation was published in 2015 as Umweg nach Hause [Detour to Home].

Adaptation
The book was adapted into an indie film entitled The Fundamentals of Caring, starring Paul Rudd, Selena Gomez, Craig Roberts, Jennifer Ehle, and Megan Ferguson.

title: The Revised Fundamentals of Caregiving


text:
Khvajeh Bachcheh

Khvajeh Bachcheh (, also Romanized as Khvājeh Bachcheh and Khavājeh Bachcheh) is a village in Mazul Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 208, in 52 families.

title: Khvajeh Bachcheh


text:
Talk:Aurel Guga

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Aurel Guga. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120331182514/http://www.sepcile-rosii.com/smf/Print.html?topic=316.0 to http://www.sepcile-rosii.com/smf/Print.html?topic=316.0
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120327100553/http://www.frf.ro/echipa-nationala/player/19 to http://www.frf.ro/echipa-nationala/player/19

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title: Talk:Aurel Guga


text:
User:Hiru prosad mahanta

Hiru prosad mahanta was an indian playback singer,poet and flim maker from assam. He lives in koliabor.

title: User:Hiru prosad mahanta


text:
Json (rapper)

Jason Christopher Watson (born June 22, 1981), who goes by the stage name Json, is an American Christian hip hop musician. He was a member of Christian hip hop collective, 116 Clique.

Early life
Json was born Jason Christopher Watson, in St. Louis, Missouri on June 22, 1981. When he was three years old his father died. His mother Barbara moved the family to Los Angeles, California, where she became a crack-cocaine addict and was arrested, separating herself from her son because she was forced to move back to St. Louis. Json would soon follow her back to the Midwest city, became a drug abuser, and was incarcerated.

Personal life
Json married his longtime girlfriend Lawanda Nicole "Nikki" Watson (née, Childress), after they both stopped abusing drugs, and converted to Christianity. They reside with their children in Iowa City, Iowa. They are the co-directors of The Spot Outreach Ministry of Parkview Church.

Music career
Json was a member in the Christian hip hop collective 116 Clique. He released The Seasoning in 2005, Life on Life in 2008, City Lights in 2010, Growing Pains in 2012, and Braille in 2013. The last three of those albums charted on various Billboard charts. The rapper planned to release his sixth studio album, No Filter, on March 10, 2015, through Lamp Mode Recordings.

title: Json (rapper)


text:
User:Jarahmedia/sandbox

Senocean Law Practice
Senocean Law Practice is a full-service law firm based in Lagos, Nigeria. The firm is recognized for its excellent legal service delivery, and depth of proven experience and expertise in Corporate Commercial transactions, civil litigation, dispute resolution, Oil and Gas, Admiralty, Real Estate, Immigration and Entertainment. The law firm was founded in 2018 by Somadina Eugene Okorie, Esq.

History
2018 – Senocean Law Practice was founded by Somadina Eugene Okorie, Esq

Notable clients
Dull Family Record Label (owned by a popular Nigerian artiste, J Martins.

Order24

CD Oil and Gas

North Express Transport

Marble Brand Hotels

title: User:Jarahmedia/sandbox


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/alemessina.blogspot.it

Links

 * alemessina.blogspot.it resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * alemessina.blogspot.it is hosted on alemessina.blogspot.com
 * alemessina.blogspot.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 4 additions.


text:
Celestia/View Control

Introduction
Celestia provides you with very powerful and flexible ways to control your view into Celestia's simulation of the cosmos. Once you understand how to manipulate its interactive controls, you can quickly and easily position yourself to view the astronomical phenomena that interest you. If is helpful to think of Celestia as providing a remotely-controlled camera that is at your command. The view that you see on your screen is determined by the location of the camera, the direction the camera is pointing, and the magnification of the camera's zoom lens. Each of these factors can be controlled independently.

One important thing to understand is that both the location and direction of the camera are specified relative to some frame of reference. The frame of reference may be attached to a moving object (such as a planet or moon). If so, then the actual location and direction of the camera (with respect to absolute space) will automatically change as the object moves. This is often very convenient, because it means that you do not have to continuously change the camera location and direction manually in order to keep the object in view.

Commands which change Celestia's view of the universe are described in the file Celestia/controls.txt

Zoom Control
The magnification of the camera's zoom lens determines how large or small objects will appear on your screen, and also how much of the environment around you is visible (the field of view). If you increase the magnification then objects will appear larger, but you'll have a smaller area in view. (You can also make objects appear larger by moving the camera closer to them. The difference between zooming and moving the camera is important, as we will explain below.) Celestia displays the current magnification factor and field of view in the lower right hand corner of the window. As you zoom in, the magnification factor will increase, and the field of view will decrease. Zooming out has the opposite effect. If you zoom out to a very large field of view, the view will become distorted, much like what you would see with a fish-eye lens.

Repeatedly typing a comma narrows the field of view, increasing the magnification. Repeatedly typing a period (.) widens the field of view, decreasing the magnification.

title: Celestia/View Control


text:
katalysator

Noun

 * 1)  catalyst

Noun

 * 1)  catalyst

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  a catalyst
 * 2)  catalytic converter, catalyser

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  a catalyst
 * 2)  catalytic converter, catalyser

Noun

 * 1)  a catalytic converter
 * 2)  a catalyst
 * 3)  a catalyst (something that brings about something)

title: katalysator


text:
Talk:Hobby horse (toy)

Hobby horse how much are they worth now    I have 2
Hobby horse childrens <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:57, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

 *<EMAIL_ADDRESS><IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:59, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hobby horse (toy)


text:
kantaap

Etymology
Borrowed from, which is the leafy top of the sugar cane plant.

Noun

 * 1) cane top

title: kantaap


text:
Nat Farbman

Nat Farbman (1907 in Poland – 1988 in USA) migrated to United States 1911, was a photographer for LIFE magazine from 1946–61.

At the University of Santa Clara Farbman enrolled in electrical engineering. He became a photojournalist, commercial and fashion photographer

He married Patsy (Pat) English, a model who became a photographer, in 1938. She had learned photography from Ansel Adams whom she met in 1936, modelling for him on commercial jobs.

LIFE magazine
His first overseas assignment for LIFE was to cover the Greek elections for the April 22, 1946 edition. He and Pat travelled then to Italy, Austria, and South Africa, where they photographed Boer farmers for the December 18, 1946 edition. They produced a series of photographs of the Bechuanaland (now Botswana) bushmen tribes in 1947, six of which were used in The Family of Man, most famous being ‘Kung San storyteller’. The couple then travelled in the UK, France and Poland to photograph postwar recovery in Europe.

His 1965 coverage of the California floods in colour was amongst his last LIFE assignments, but he continued to practice into the 1970s.

Publications
Articles in LIFE magazine illustrated by Nat Farbman:
 * LIFE - 26 Mar 1945 - Page 23
 * LIFE - 20 Mar 1950 - Page 20
 * LIFE Vol. 28, No. 12
 * LIFE - 22 Apr 1946 - Page 24
 * LIFE - 18 Jan 1954 - Page 12
 * LIFE Vol. 36, No. 3
 * LIFE - 8 Jan 1965 - Page 9
 * LIFE - 16 Dec 1946 - Page 25
 * LIFE - 20 Aug 1956 - Page 2
 * LIFE Vol. 41, No. 8

title: Nat Farbman


text:
User:Jade Knight

I'm Michael-Forest. I [used to] live in the Western US, and I [also used to be] also quite active on Wikipedia. I used to be Custodian here at Wikiversity, but don't have much time for it any more.

I've been most active in the Department of European History, the French Department and in the English Language Division, though I was generally active in the Schools of History, Relosophy and Language and Literature.

 * Tasks
 * /Tools/

If you really want to reach me, email me.

fr:Utilisateur:C'valyi d'Jade

title: User:Jade Knight


text:
Talk:Arman Tsarukyan

Armenian as heritage/bloodline/ethnicity but Russian-American as nationality but born in Georgia (country) and no heritage/ethnicity/blood line in the lead section
Good day. Pls note that the subject was born in Georgia (country) with the heritage/bloodline/ethnicity of Armenian but moved to Russia then to US and he is the nationally of Russia and US. No heritage/bloodline/ethnicity should be stated in the lead section (intro) but in the body text - see - WP:ETHNICITY in regardless he raise Armenian flag (which many athletes and fighters did that) and when he says he is Armenian that is referred to his blood line and not nationality. Pls do not change the "sourced" intro and infobox. Thank you.00:19, 20 September 2021 (UTC)  Cassiopeia  talk  00:19, 20 September 2021 (UTC)

 * @CASSIOPEIA good day. I actually didn't add any ethnicity to the lead, and I understand your concerns. If you take a closer look at my edit, I only added the country based on the reliable to the topic sources. See the sources for yourself: , . ZaniGiovanni (talk) 14:29, 20 September 2021 (UTC)

 * Good day. Understand what you are saying, althought the sources are reliable but they do get it wrong and it is well-know and well sourced and subject himself has stated that he was born in George and moved to Russian and then to US but in term ethnicity he is an Armenia but not Armenia citizen. Since only nationality is record in lead section as per Wikipedia  guidelines and not ethnicity, we would only record ethnicity in the body text. Cassiopeia   talk  15:14, 20 September 2021 (UTC)
 * @CASSIOPEIA I'm looking at my sources and they don't state anything about ethnicity. "Subject stating himself" isn't in any relevance to wikipedia as I've learned from you, so I added the sources for my edits, one form MMA Junkie the other from ESPN, both reliable especially in the topic area. Do you have any other objections? If not, I'll reinstate my edit. ZaniGiovanni (talk) 15:24, 20 September 2021 (UTC)
 * it is as per WP:ETHNICITY. Cassiopeia  talk  15:32, 20 September 2021 (UTC)
 * @CASSIOPEIA It says country tho not ethnicity, . The same goes for other MMA athletes and how they're shown in the same sources (ESPN, MMA Junkie) and in the lead section of their respective articles. ZaniGiovanni (talk) 15:46, 20 September 2021 (UTC)
 * @CASSIOPEIA Could you please reply to my last message here instead of reverting me and leaving a notice on my talk page? ZaniGiovanni (talk) 00:33, 22 September 2021 (UTC)
 * See your talk page and pls wait. Btw, my user name is sentence case. Cassiopeia  talk  00:41, 22 September 2021 (UTC)
 * @Cassiopeia So instead of replying to my points here, you're re-instating your notice on my talk with claims like this:
 * Discussion would go on for 7 days until parties involved reach a consensus agreement then it can be closed by the parties involved and if not only non involved experienced editor can closed the discussion. If the discussion has no resolution after 7 days, then the discussion will go on for another week.
 * Care to explain where you got that from, and why aren't you replying to me still? You got all this time to harass my talk page, posting same notice twice in a row, while not replying to my comments here and reverting me? I waited two days and got no reply from you, that's a reasonable timeframe to assume consensus. Now please address my points above (here's the exact link), and let me edit in peace. ZaniGiovanni (talk) 00:55, 22 September 2021 (UTC)
 * As mentioned to you today, pls wait. No consensus has been reached. The message I placed in your message is the same one as you have removed it while I send you a message and replaced it so you know the reason of the message. Again, Pls wait. Cassiopeia  talk  02:57, 22 September 2021 (UTC)

 * even tho your communication methods with me are far from what I would’ve hoped for, and you still have to show this “7 day” waiting period claims, I will wait one or two days (while you still haven’t replied to my latest argument). If nothing will follow, I’ll restore my edit with 2 reputable sources in the topic area. ZaniGiovanni (talk) 03:36, 22 September 2021 (UTC)

 * I suggest you to reread my message to you on your talk page which you have deleted and understand talk page discussion guidelines. Also you can close the discussion for no consensus agreement has been reach for you are an involved editor. I need to do so some research and I am working full time. I edit during work break but doing research do take some free time. If yo revert with consensuses and the talk page still open that would be mean disruptive. I have tried to make you understand certain norm and guidelines and also to archive your talk page but you dont seem appreciate the advice. I have also already reply twice to today.   So please wait. Cassiopeia   talk  04:12, 22 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Listen to me carefully @Cassiopeia:
 * You are the one who still needs to reply to my points above, specifically (linking this second time now)
 * You are the one who's reverting me without a proper explanation, , , and even when I ask you in talk to respond to my arguments, you still fail to do so
 * If you'll fail to respond in upcoming day(s) as well, I'll restore my edit per WP:SILENCE, do you understand that or not?
 * If you'll revert me again without addressing my arguments, this will be taken to ANI
 * So whatever “research” you're doing for literally a sentence change and what reliable sources already say, you better hurry and stop wasting my time with your unrelated to the topic “replies” (and no, you still haven't responded to my arguments). ZaniGiovanni (talk) 04:42, 22 September 2021 (UTC)

 * I have replied 3 times today and that is not being silence and asking you to be patient and I have work full time for you and I are volunteers editors and edit as the time available. I have also explain to you on your talk page on why not to restored the content before the discussion is closed. Also this is not an agreement but a discussion. I think you are upset because I revert you edit and send you a message to inform you not doing so. This is not the way Wikipedia discussion work. You need to give the editor time to discuss the issue at hand and not pushing 3 times in a day after the I have informed you to wait for a little while. Again - you and I can not closed the discussion if there is no consensus for both of us are an involved editors. Also, there are many reliable sources besides what you provided. I had also provided the independent, reliable sources which you removed them and substituted yours. Please wait for I need to go back to work and will reply when I have done my research. Cassiopeia  talk  05:00, 22 September 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 21 September 2021
Arman Tsarukyan is Russian- Armenian not American as mentioned in the article <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:55, 21 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 12:04, 21 September 2021 (UTC)

Latest reversal of small changes

 * @CASSIOPEIA, hi. Can you please explain why you reverted my changes yesterday?  There were several, for example I added the latest info about the ranking and added the source.  What is the problem with that one?  Others were also reasonable. Could you please expain and if you agree back my edits back.

Longidok (talk) 07:44, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

 * Tsarukyan has been ranked no 8 since Jan this year and not Nov this year. The original source was from TSN and the cite took the UFC ranking out for good (not sure the reasons, maybe not enough staff). I replaced it with UFC ranking site. If you check the UFC ranking site, the update the ranking every week on Mon/Tues (US) if there is a fight the week prior and the ranking is ranked by many different journalist (media). You can see the date when the ranking is updated at the very right hand coner of UFC ranking page. I have been updated the UFC ranking for the past 5 years and recently there are a few IP editors also joined in to updated the ranking in Wikipedia.  Thank you for your contribution. Be safe and best. Cassiopeia   talk  08:29, 2 November 2023 (UTC)
 * All right. I think we did largely the same edit, you just were a bit too quick to revert. Take care. Longidok (talk) 23:03, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arman Tsarukyan


text:
Talk:Metropolitan Stock Exchange

Contested deletion
This page should not be speedy deleted as an unambiguous copyright infringement, because... (Metropolitan Stock Exchange is one of the three top stock exchanges in India. The content on wikipedia page is true in every sense, you can check the reference links and the website as well. I would request you to kindly look into it and remove the deletion tag.) --Vicky Daniels (talk) 05:00, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Metropolitan Stock Exchange


text:
bussare

Etymology
, possibly from Lombardic *bauzzan ("to beat"),from Proto-West Germanic *bautan, from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd-.

Verb

 * 1) to knock
 * 2)  in the game of tressette, to request that one's partner follow suit by rapping on the table (with the knuckles or the card in question)
 * 3)  to ask (for money)
 * 1)  to ask (for money)

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to knock

title: bussare


text:
International Relations/International System and Strategic Weapons

International system and Strategic Weapons
The weapons defined as strategic are the weapons that can determine the outcome of a war par exemple the nuclear weapons and the offensive ballistic missiles. The strategic weapons first appeared in the 20th century and especially after the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings by US. Soon USSR was also able to acquire nuclear technology. This led to an unforeseeable balance of power between the two main actors, the "nuclear balance" or the "balance of terror". Because of the fact that the international system at the time was bipolar, there was a deep and urgent need for stability but at that point this "nuclear balance" created more destabilization

With the end of Cold War several new nuclear powers emerged creating the phenomenon of the "strategic weapons proliferation". Officially, USA, RUSSIA, CHINA, UK, INDIA,FRANCE and PAKISTAN are the countries known to have acquired nuclear weapons and technology up to now.

Nuclear Weapons
"Nuclear weapons" is the general term which is used in order to define and describe any weapon using nuclear energy and technology. Two types of nuclear weapons exist: the nuclear (atomic bomb) and the thermal-nuclear(hydrogen bomb) The explosive energy of the nuclear weapons is theoretically and practically up to this point unlimited.

The catastrophic results of a nuclear explosion can be divided in two categories:

 * The results of the first category are very similar to those caused by an ordinary explosion, only in a largest scale.

 * The results of the second category are more characteristic of a nuclear explosion: 1)They produce an intense Χ and Γ type radiation in the first phase of the explosion. 2) The radiation that results from the explosion remains in the lowest layers of the atmosphere along with parts of the destructed targets shaping a mushroom-like figure. 3)An electromagnetic pulse which is especially powerful during the time of the explosion is created as a result of the huge amounts of electromagnetic energy confined in a very small space.

Nevertheless, the nuclear weapons are characterized as weapons of mass destruction because of the longterm biological, psychological, social, economical, and political consequences on human beings but also because of the harsh consequences on the environment.


text:
Statistics/Summary

Summary Statistics
The most simple example of statistics "in practice" is in the generation of summary statistics. Let us consider the example where we are interested in the weight of eighth graders in a school. (Maybe we're looking at the growing epidemic of child obesity in America!) Our school has 200 eighth graders, so we gather all their weights. What we have are 200 positive real numbers.

If an administrator asked you what the weight was of this eighth grade class, you wouldn't grab your list and start reading off all the individual weights; it's just too much information. That same administrator wouldn't learn anything except that she shouldn't ask you any questions in the future! What you want to do is to distill the information — these 200 numbers — into something concise.

What might we express about these 200 numbers that would be of interest? The most obvious thing to do is to calculate the average or mean value so we know how much the "typical eighth grader" in the school weighs. It would also be useful to express how much this number varies; after all, eighth graders come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes! In reality, we can probably reduce this set of 200 weights into at most four or five numbers that give us a firm comprehension of the data set.

title: Statistics/Summary


text:
Els Garidells

Els Garidells is a municipality in the comarca of the Alt Camp in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the right bank of the Francolí river. A local road links the village with the N-240 road between Valls and Tarragona. Els Garidells became part of the Alt Camp in the comarcal revision of 1990: previously it formed part of the Tarragonès.

title: Els Garidells


text:
Vivo NEX 3

The Vivo NEX 3 and Vivo NEX 3 5G are Android phablets developed by Vivo which were unveiled on 16 September 2019.

Design
The NEX 3 and NEX 3 5G both have an aluminum frame and curved Gorilla Glass on the back and Schott Xensation® Up glass on the front. The curved edges of the display do not allow for physical power and volume buttons; pressure-sensitive haptic keys are implemented instead. A small button at the top of the device is situated next to the pop-up camera mechanism and is used for hard reset and screen lock only.

Hardware & Software
Internally, the Snapdragon 855+ and Adreno 640 are used, with a 4500 mAh battery powering both. The 5G model also has a vapor chamber dedicated to the modem. The NEX 3 is available with 128 GB of non-expandable UFS 3.0 storage and 8 GB of RAM, while the NEX 3 5G is available with 256 GB of non-expandable UFS 3.0 storage and 8 or 12 GB of RAM. Both can quick charge at 44W via USB-C, but do not have wireless charging. Biometric options comprise an updated in-display optical fingerprint reader and facial recognition. The phones' rear cameras are housed in a centered circular module, consisting of a 64 MP main sensor, a 13 MP ultrawide sensor and a 13 telephoto sensor. A pop-up camera hides the 16 MP front sensor and a flash. The mechanism has been improved and is now faster and more durable, taking 0.65 seconds to operate. Both devices have one screen, lacking their predecessor's dual-screen functionality. The Vivo NEX 3 and NEX 3 5G have a 6.89" (175mm) FHD+ HDR10 display with a resolution of 1080 x 2256 pixels and a screen-body ratio of 93.6%. A Samsung-made Super AMOLED panel is used on both with a curved "Waterfall" design akin to the Mate 30 Pro's. Edge detection and palm rejection are implemented to prevent accidental touches. The phones' rear cameras are housed in a centered circular module, consisting of a 64 MP main sensor, a 13 MP ultrawide sensor and a 13 telephoto sensor. OIS is not present on any of the sensors. A pop-up camera hides the 16 MP front sensor and a flash. The mechanism has been improved and is now faster and more durable, taking 0.65 seconds to operate. Both phones run on Android 9.0 "Pie" with Vivo's Funtouch 9.1 skin.

Successor
Vivo announced the NEX 3S 5G on 10 March 2020 as a hardware revision of the NEX 3 5G. The device features an upgraded Snapdragon 865 SoC, Android 10 with Funtouch 10 and HDR10+ support for the display, and benefits from newer LPDDR5 RAM, UFS 3.1 and Bluetooth 5.1. The design remains the same, although there is now an orange color variant.

title: Vivo NEX 3


text:
Talk:Dez Fafara

Anybody know the origin of his nickname? Always assumed it was short for Desmond or similar.--MartinUK (talk) 18:53, 11 August 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Dez Fafara. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111230134310/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=163769 to http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=163769
 * Added tag to http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=165967

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:00, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dez Fafara


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pakistani black metal

The result of the debate was merge merge tags are on article, merge should probably be discussed a bit more on the talk page(s) to decide where this is going, but consensus seems to be for merging somewhere. W.marsh 15:56, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Pakistani black metal
Completely non-notable band scene, comprised of only non-notable bands Spearhead 23:18, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge with Black Metal Most black metal is rather non-notable in the grand sceme. Countries with widely know or (in)famous scenes (i.e. Norway) might deserve their own article.  Pakistan is not deserving of this.Tombride 23:26, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge per the above. Roy  boy cr ash  fan  [[Image:Flag_of_Texas.svg|30px]] 00:19, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge per Tombride -- T B C [[Image:Confused-tpvgames.gif|18px|]] ???  ???   ??? 09:16, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep You insult Pakistan. Lapinmies 18:35, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge, however, I suggest merger with Music of Pakistan rather than Black Metal. The Black Metal article should have some mention in its historic overview of the rise of black metal scenes in Islamic countries like Pakistan and Malaysia. Peter G Werner 10:13, 24 March 2006 (UTC)


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Ernie Dilley

Ernest Edward Dilley (5 June 1896 – 4 January 1968) was an English professional footballer who played as a centre forward in the Football League for Reading.

title: Ernie Dilley