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Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians

 * This WikiProject was originally intended for individual artists, but has since been expanded to include musical groups as well. This aspect of the project is currently in progress.

Some Wikipedians have formed a project to better organize information in articles related to Musicians and Musical ensembles/Bands. This page and its subpages contain their suggestions; it is hoped that this project will help to focus the efforts of other Wikipedians in writing/editing articles related to this subject. If you would like to help, please inquire on the talk page or check out the to-do list.

Scope
The purpose of this project is to provide guidelines for Wikipedia articles regarding musicians. This can cover everything from visual style and formatting to content and organization. All articles need not be identical, and there is obviously a wide variety of information which may be appropriate to some articles and not to others. The goal is to make it easier for Wikipedians to create high quality articles related to this subject matter, and also to make it easier for readers of these articles to find relevant information in consistent format and location.

This project will also participate in the categorization of related pages in order to make it even easier to find relevant related information.

Parentage

 * WikiProject Biography
 * WikiProject Music

Related Portals

 * Portal:Music
 * Genres
 * Portal:Blues
 * Portal:Classical music
 * Portal:Latin music
 * Portal:Pop music
 * Portal:Rock music

Participants
This is a manually compiled list. If you have constructively participated in this project, please feel free to add yourself to this list. You may also wish to list your specific interests or areas in which you would like to participate.

 * 1)  - The danish classical musicians guy, especially focused on translating and expanding wikipedia articles from the Danish Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.
 * 2)  – I work on some well-known bands and artists.
 * 3)  – The Ukulele Guy!  I've added 6 articles on ukulele players and contributed to many others.
 * 4)  – Public musicologist. Working on Asian American women composers. 19th-C Opera. Pianist.
 * 5)  – The articles I edit will most likely be included here, at my Last.fm page
 * 6)  – Primarily Def Leppard and related - adding new info, fixing typos, adding links, sources, and photos.
 * 7)  – singer-songwriter, folk, rock, blues, indie
 * 8)  – singer-songwriter, folk, rock, blues, blues-rock
 * 9)  – mostly classical, Blues, Jazz, and Indie rock; best so far IMHO is Grieg's music in popular culture
 * 10)  – classical music, esp choral/organ; categorization
 * 11)  – adding articles to project, assessing articles
 * 12)  – mostly cleaning up formatting: adding infoboxes and fixing references
 * 13)  - Creating/starting about 12 Wikipedias about hip hop musicians.
 * 14)  - Eng-Sp-Eng or Fre-Eng-Fre translation; mainly classical and Mexican music.
 * 15)  - mainly working on indian artists.
 * 16)  – adding articles to project
 * 17)  – Adding or correcting music genres. Small scale additions or corrections.
 * 18)  – Primarily Missing Persons (band), musicians associated with that band and with Frank Zappa, certain drummers/percussionists, and musicians from New England, U.S.A.
 * 19)  – singers, old mostly, and new
 * 20)  For several years the majority of my edits have been to musician/band biography articles, which I usually locate via the Albums Project.
 * 21)  —country music, biographies, producers, songwriters, Jazz, big-band, bluegrass, pedal steel, Nashville
 * 22)  – Caribbean music (Calyspo, Dancehall, Reggae, Punta, & Soca)
 * 23)  – Ensure comfort in reading articles (aerate big paragraphs, add links & 1rst letter MAJ), revise contents for all musician's articles.
 * 24)  – Mostly Rock N Roll; 60-70s... but I dabble in other genres.
 * 25)  – Biographies of film composers and crossover musician/sound designers
 * 26)  - Mostly working on artists from metal, rock, goth, punk (and their subgenres) scenes. Most times on small or not well-known musicians.
 * 27)  – Mostly limited the Finnish hard rock band Lordi and related articles.
 * 28)  – Project leader
 * 29)  – Mainly punk and alternative rock; also musicians and bands associated with emo.
 * 30)  – Mostly classical but also some rock
 * 31)   - Main focus is Africa and most importantly is Zambia.
 * 32)  – mostly punk rock/independent and San Diego-area based groups, also album pages & member bios
 * 33)  – Worked on a variety of musician/band articles since about 2011; most familiar with the alternative/indie/punk side of things but just as interested in pop and other genres. Looking to give attention to overlooked but notable artists.
 * 34)  – As a Heavy Metal musician myself, I try my best to contribute to the Musicians section for Wikipedia.
 * 35)  – currently contribute to early hard rock/heavy metal bands: Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Kiss and early punk bands: Ramones, the Clash.  Interested in helping save bands/musicians from WP:AFD.
 * 36)  – mostly just improving articles about EDM DJs and producers and keeping discographies up-to-date
 * 37)  - American rock, folk, jam bands.
 * 38)  – I'm interested in many kinds of music.
 * 39)  – raising the level of awareness about the original Kingston Trio founder Dave Guard, and his many post-Trio folk/neo-folk/world music accomplishments.
 * 40)  – I like to work on BLP's of musicians and singer-songwriters.
 * 41)  – I work with Indian Bands and other Artists based out of India and I have trusted sources and information regarding these bands and artists as I work with them.
 * 42)  – Mostly interested in helping with folk musicians; style; creating stubs
 * 43)  – Article layout and formatting
 * 44)  – Biographer of musicians- favoring rock, blues, R&B and slide guitar artists. Specialty in finding and placing photos for those articles.
 * 45)  – Currently working on a new page for singer-songwriter John Garrison.
 * 46)  – currently working on Big Big Train articles.
 * 47)   - Rock music, particularly hard rock and blues rock.
 * 48) Maxim Stoyalov
 * 49)  – Mostly German rock and World music
 * 50)  - Various genres and styles, but mainly pop, rock, and indie music.
 * 51)  –  mainly players and makers  of stringed instruments
 * 52)  – I add EDM artist releases to discography pages or sections.
 * 53)  – My very first article edit (8 years ago) was a musical group, and have continued since (better late than never).
 * 54)  – mainly orchestral instruments and pieces.
 * 55)  - I enjoy editing articles about music (music and all related subjects are my forte). I particularly like to edit articles about independent artists who may be more obscure than mainstream artists as well as those artists' discography.
 * 56)  – Demi Lovato articles
 * 57)  – Editing and counter-vandalism on Japanese rock-related pages; recent projects Dir en grey, X Japan, and others listed here
 * 58)  – Currently working and expanding Christina Aguilera articles
 * 59)  - I write about mostly musicians from Ghana.
 * 60)  – Currently working and expanding Shakira articles
 * 61)  – folk and traditional, singer-songwriters, related trivia
 * 62)  – Christian Rock, Brazilian Rock Bands.
 * 63)  -Elephant 6 collective and related bands and musicians,also bands from Athens,Georgia
 * 64)   - I work on basic copyediting, as well as articles on Scottish musicians. I'm a classical pianist and can also add to articles on classical musicians.
 * 65)  – building, maintaining and fixing BLPs. Singer-songwriters mostly.
 * 66)  – Mostly metal bands such as Sepultura and Job For A Cowboy
 * 67)  – Crusader for the infobox
 * 68) – Musician and a hardcore music listener, I listen to just about any genre out there, usually Alternative, Pop, and Hip-Hop.
 * 69)  – Have written the article on Jim Neversink (indie/americana); best at the biographical stuff, could do with help on the music bit.
 * 70)  – Alternative and Idie, especially acoustic. Asbury Park music scene. Contributions include Billy Hector, Eryn Shewell, George Wirth, Asbury Park Music Awards, Wave Gathering, The Saint (music venue), and helping with The Stone Pony. Also add photos via Wikimedia Commons, such as those for Airborne Toxic Event, Scars on 45, The Damnwells, Elephant Revival.
 * 71)  – South African music related articles
 * 72)  – classical
 * 73)  – Mostly rock, but like various genres of music.
 * 74)  – Mainly Irish Indie/Rock Bands as well as Welsh and Scottish Bands, including The Coronas, General Fiasco, Two Door Cinema Club, Kids In Glass Houses, The Automatic & Twin Atlantic.
 * 75)  - Bachelor's in percussion performance and currently playing with the Henderson Symphony Orchestra
 * 76)  – Indie rock/indie pop and techno/elecronica (mainly house, i.e. Daft Punk) musicians
 * 77)  – enjoy editing "American reggae" bands including reggae rock, dub, punk and ska bands (notice articles need a lot of explanations and better discographies).
 * 78)  – Infoboxes. I love infoboxes.
 * 79)  - My main focuses are The Wallflowers and Jakob Dylan pages.  I'll help wherever else I can though!
 * 80)  – My main focus will be on improving Andrea Bocelli and other artists in his orbit, mainly the Italian ones.
 * 81)  – Mainly works on fixing errors, typos on articles, but has a general knowledge on most music. Mostly prefers pre 2010 music, Rock and Roll, some Country Music, Billboard charting hits, so on.
 * 82)  I focus on Upcoming Notable Artists
 * 83)  – classical, indie musicians, modern rock, and electronica
 * 84)  I mostly listen to hip hop and rock
 * 85)  – Let's start tidying up these articles! I love pop music!
 * 86)  – expanding the pre and post bands of the mainstream; creating articles about forgotten groups. For example, pre-Nirvana band Dain Bramage (authoured by myself).
 * 87)  – Been working on Shyne article with updates relating to his upcoming release as well as upgrading from stub article. General upgrading of notable articles.
 * 88)  – I like a variety of genres, but mostly interested in rock music.
 * 89)  – Primarily interested in experimental/underground rock
 * 90)  - Pop music (K-pop, C-pop, J-pop, and some pop as well)
 * 91)  – Will be working on K-POP groups.
 * 92)  – Been working on Category:Oregon musical groups, also some punk related stuff
 * 93)  Mainly into Latin Music artists, specially Ricky Martin related articles.
 * 1)  – South African music related articles
 * 2)  – classical
 * 3)  – Mostly rock, but like various genres of music.
 * 4)  – Mainly Irish Indie/Rock Bands as well as Welsh and Scottish Bands, including The Coronas, General Fiasco, Two Door Cinema Club, Kids In Glass Houses, The Automatic & Twin Atlantic.
 * 5)  - Bachelor's in percussion performance and currently playing with the Henderson Symphony Orchestra
 * 6)  – Indie rock/indie pop and techno/elecronica (mainly house, i.e. Daft Punk) musicians
 * 7)  – enjoy editing "American reggae" bands including reggae rock, dub, punk and ska bands (notice articles need a lot of explanations and better discographies).
 * 8)  – Infoboxes. I love infoboxes.
 * 9)  - My main focuses are The Wallflowers and Jakob Dylan pages.  I'll help wherever else I can though!
 * 10)  – My main focus will be on improving Andrea Bocelli and other artists in his orbit, mainly the Italian ones.
 * 11)  – Mainly works on fixing errors, typos on articles, but has a general knowledge on most music. Mostly prefers pre 2010 music, Rock and Roll, some Country Music, Billboard charting hits, so on.
 * 12)  I focus on Upcoming Notable Artists
 * 13)  – classical, indie musicians, modern rock, and electronica
 * 14)  I mostly listen to hip hop and rock
 * 15)  – Let's start tidying up these articles! I love pop music!
 * 16)  – expanding the pre and post bands of the mainstream; creating articles about forgotten groups. For example, pre-Nirvana band Dain Bramage (authoured by myself).
 * 17)  – Been working on Shyne article with updates relating to his upcoming release as well as upgrading from stub article. General upgrading of notable articles.
 * 18)  – I like a variety of genres, but mostly interested in rock music.
 * 19)  – Primarily interested in experimental/underground rock
 * 20)  - Pop music (K-pop, C-pop, J-pop, and some pop as well)
 * 21)  – Will be working on K-POP groups.
 * 22)  – Been working on Category:Oregon musical groups, also some punk related stuff
 * 23)  Mainly into Latin Music artists, specially Ricky Martin related articles.
 * 1)  – I like a variety of genres, but mostly interested in rock music.
 * 2)  – Primarily interested in experimental/underground rock
 * 3)  - Pop music (K-pop, C-pop, J-pop, and some pop as well)
 * 4)  – Will be working on K-POP groups.
 * 5)  – Been working on Category:Oregon musical groups, also some punk related stuff
 * 6)  Mainly into Latin Music artists, specially Ricky Martin related articles.
 * 1)  - Pop music (K-pop, C-pop, J-pop, and some pop as well)
 * 2)  – Will be working on K-POP groups.
 * 3)  – Been working on Category:Oregon musical groups, also some punk related stuff
 * 4)  Mainly into Latin Music artists, specially Ricky Martin related articles.
 * 1)  Mainly into Latin Music artists, specially Ricky Martin related articles.

 * – I'll probably work with bands local to the Des Moines or Chicago area, since I know quite a few bands personally in these areas. But, I'll work anywhere & have many sources for information/photos if needed, just hit me up on the talk page. :-)
 * – Jam Bands / Alt & Indie Rock / etc
 * – Mostly punk, indie rock, and their various derivatives.
 * – Will edit articles about composers who published their compositions in the CL Barnhouse Company
 * – Carrying the torch for the WikiProject Guitarists.
 * – Powerpop and Pop-Punk... also some Post-Hardcore/Screamo
 * – working on blues and jazz
 * – Project founder – left June 16, 2006
 * – mainly players of stringed instruments
 * – folk music, mostly the Mammals and members
 * – mostly modern rock/pop bands (copyediting)
 * – revisions and new info to some Japanese musicians, Chinese musicians, and Korean Musicians
 * – Probably most liking fixing things here and there. Electronic and alternative rock.
 * – music maestros (instrumentalists & vocalists) of Indian Classical Music (Hindustani (North Indian) and Carnatic (South Indian))
 * – I am interested in anything dealing with music or musicians. Mostly emo, pop punk, and alternative rock groups.
 * – European soul music of the Sixties, Estonian pop
 * – Knows most everything about anthony green
 * – Indian Musicians
 * – Michael Jackson Fan, Songwriter
 * – Mosty metal artists from the 80's,90's,and 00's.
 * – mostly Asian-language bands & singers
 * – Mostly 'classic rock' and metal.
 * – former Project leader – Organization, conversion, assessment
 * – ukrainian and russian music and their performer
 * – Mostly Mandarin-pop, Japanese-pop and Korean-pop.
 * – Familiar with acts from Southeast Asia.
 * – adding infoboxes to band and musician articles, created Infoboxes for Music Conferences and Music Venues.
 * – Currently woking on Gwen Stefani articls.
 * Maxim Stoyalov
 * – I'll be working on improving pages for pretty much anyone obscure that I like—I do it enough as it is, might as well collaborate.
 * – Small, constructive edits.
 * – Indie rock, indie folk, folktronica, college/progressive rock
 * – Familiar with acts from Southeast Asia.
 * – Various work not limited to any group of musicians.
 * – Rory Gallagher (mostly) and some Jefferson Airplane
 * – adding articles to project
 * – Mostley Uke til u puke related Articles
 * – mainly Jonathan Davis related articles including Korn, Killbot, JDevil, and Jonathan Davis and the SFA
 * – Death Metal, Hip Hop, Audio recording technology.
 * – Alternative and Progressive Metal, Post-Metal (Metalgaze), Grunge. Mainly editing articles from Evanescence category.
 * – Articles/revisions - bands/musicians/albums
 * - Mostly indie and unsigned artists and bands such as Lemon Demon, Red Vox, and Tally Hall
 * – "Phish"/associated acts, "Oregon", Indian music, world music, avantgarde, random
 * – added Sarah Cahill. Piano; Spanish, French and 1900s music and musicians; composers; biographies.
 * – i have been known to write, format, copyedit and wikify most pages on relitively unheard of Indie (mainly British and synth) bands
 * – adding additional information to articles / revisions
 * – Working on Brazilian and Australian musicians.
 * – Will mostly be working on Paul McCartney-related musicians.
 * – My contributions are a bit infrequent and tangential. I moved membership to Music because my work is more general.
 * – Working mostly on hip hop and/or R&B artist's pages.
 * – Mostly concerned with fleshing out rock and metal oriented articles
 * – Metal / Pop / Some Rap / K-Pop / The Betterment of all music articles
 * – Jazz / New Age
 * – Various work not limited to any group of musicians.
 * – Rory Gallagher (mostly) and some Jefferson Airplane
 * – adding articles to project
 * – Mostley Uke til u puke related Articles
 * – mainly Jonathan Davis related articles including Korn, Killbot, JDevil, and Jonathan Davis and the SFA
 * – Death Metal, Hip Hop, Audio recording technology.
 * – Alternative and Progressive Metal, Post-Metal (Metalgaze), Grunge. Mainly editing articles from Evanescence category.
 * – Articles/revisions - bands/musicians/albums
 * - Mostly indie and unsigned artists and bands such as Lemon Demon, Red Vox, and Tally Hall
 * – "Phish"/associated acts, "Oregon", Indian music, world music, avantgarde, random
 * – added Sarah Cahill. Piano; Spanish, French and 1900s music and musicians; composers; biographies.
 * – i have been known to write, format, copyedit and wikify most pages on relitively unheard of Indie (mainly British and synth) bands
 * – adding additional information to articles / revisions
 * – Working on Brazilian and Australian musicians.
 * – Will mostly be working on Paul McCartney-related musicians.
 * – My contributions are a bit infrequent and tangential. I moved membership to Music because my work is more general.
 * – Working mostly on hip hop and/or R&B artist's pages.
 * – Mostly concerned with fleshing out rock and metal oriented articles
 * – Metal / Pop / Some Rap / K-Pop / The Betterment of all music articles
 * – Jazz / New Age
 * – i have been known to write, format, copyedit and wikify most pages on relitively unheard of Indie (mainly British and synth) bands
 * – adding additional information to articles / revisions
 * – Working on Brazilian and Australian musicians.
 * – Will mostly be working on Paul McCartney-related musicians.
 * – My contributions are a bit infrequent and tangential. I moved membership to Music because my work is more general.
 * – Working mostly on hip hop and/or R&B artist's pages.
 * – Mostly concerned with fleshing out rock and metal oriented articles
 * – Metal / Pop / Some Rap / K-Pop / The Betterment of all music articles
 * – Jazz / New Age
 * – Will mostly be working on Paul McCartney-related musicians.
 * – My contributions are a bit infrequent and tangential. I moved membership to Music because my work is more general.
 * – Working mostly on hip hop and/or R&B artist's pages.
 * – Mostly concerned with fleshing out rock and metal oriented articles
 * – Metal / Pop / Some Rap / K-Pop / The Betterment of all music articles
 * – Jazz / New Age
 * – Working mostly on hip hop and/or R&B artist's pages.
 * – Mostly concerned with fleshing out rock and metal oriented articles
 * – Metal / Pop / Some Rap / K-Pop / The Betterment of all music articles
 * – Jazz / New Age
 * – Metal / Pop / Some Rap / K-Pop / The Betterment of all music articles
 * – Jazz / New Age

Tasks

 * Click the title of each section to go to the task's sub-page.

Assessment guidelines
Rate the articles according to the 1.0 Assessment guidelines. See Category:Unassessed biography (musicians) articles for articles that need a rating. You can also request an assessment.

Conversion
The purpose of this sub project is to find articles related to this subject and edit them so as to comply with the guidelines set forth by this project.

Categorization
This sub project is aimed at classifying related articles in a logical and consistent manner, the idea being to make it easier to find articles related to a certain subject matter.

Stub sorting
Help organize and label musician-related stubs with the correct stub template.

Current collaboration
This is similar to the Collaboration of the week, but on a smaller scale. Every so often, members of the project select a single article—existing or not—on which to focus some of our combined efforts. This involves not just fixing up the article to match the guidelines of the project, but also doing any necessary research and resource gathering for the article, including finding usable images or other media.

Article structure
For the time being, the chief focus of this wikiproject is to establish itself by defining a solid set of guidelines for related articles to use. All are encouraged to participate in this endeavor by reviewing the existing guidelines and discussing them on the article guidelines page. Both positive and negative constructive criticism are highly welcomed, but please discuss changes prior to making them. This includes changes to existing guidelines, removal of existing guidelines, and addition of new guidelines.

Adding articles
It only takes one very simple step to add an article to the project:
 * Add the following code to the top of the talk page. This should not be underneath a section header.

This template includes articles in allows us to track articles in the project so as to better gauge the progress of the project and to find articles that need work done (please use piped category links to sort articles by artist's last name). The WPBiography template informs others about the project to potentially inspire new contributors to the project, and also to hopefully prevent some unnecessary and inadvertent deviation from the project's guidelines which the editor may not even be aware of.

You can also feel free to add a link to the page under either "Recently added" or "New articles", which ever is appropriate. This will allow others to see what's new with the project and likely quicken the process of getting the article edited to meet guidelines.

What to add
The above method for adding articles to the project should only be used for articles that specifically pertain to the subject matter of this project, i.e., a specific musician. Articles that more generally relate to the project, for instance musician should not be added to and should not have WPBiography added to their talk page. For articles such as these, please see the section entitled "Other related articles".

Articles need not comply exactly with the standards of the project in order to be added, in fact, they don't need to comply at all. Adding a non-compliant article will make it that much more likely that someone involved in the project will find it and fix it up. For more information on non-compliant articles, see "Articles in need of attention".

Pages that are involved more in the administrative aspect of this project, e.g. subprojects' pages, lists, templates, etc., also should not be added to or include WPBiography. Instead, these pages should be added to .

Who to add
This project aims to improve articles of all musical performers. This includes:
 * Solo artists
 * Bands
 * Individual band members
 * Composers
 * Writers
 * Instrumentalists
 * Ensembles

Editing project articles
Articles already part of this project are still open to editing, and there's no special procedure for doing so. Remember, a lot of articles are added to the project without any compliance to the project guidelines. Don't feel like you need to completely fix up an article when you edit it; even a small edit that follows the project is better than none. If you have completely fixed a page to meet the guidelines, go ahead and add it as a candidate for the Showcase, or even as a Featured candidate.

Not sure what articles to edit? Keep reading...

Articles in need of attention
has been created in order to better keep track of what articles need what work. Set attention equal to yes in WPBiography (see code below) in order to add it to :

 * If the article needs a photo, set needs-photo= yes.
 * If the article needs an infobox, set needs-infobox = yes.
 * If the article needs a discography, set needs-discography= yes.

If you have edited an article and believe that it no longer needs work, you should remove the yes parameter from the banner. Do not delete any of the entries on the talk page related to the work (or any, for that matter), and make sure it has the two items listed under "Adding articles". In addition, fixed articles should be added to the list of Recently fixed articles along with your date-stamped signature (four tildes, ~ ). This will allow others to review the work (no one's perfect) and make sure all the original issues have been resolved.

Infobox

 * Infobox musical artist

Navbox

 * Navbox musical artist

Stub templates

 * See Stub sorting

Other templates

 * See also: Category:WikiProject Musicians templates & Special:Prefixindex/Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians/Templates

View the template page (link in first column) for details about the template.

Subpages

 * List of

New articles

 * Catherine Ashcroft (musician), still in user's namespace --Tanneneichhorn (talk) 18:19, 1 October 2018 (UTC)
 * John Banks, drummer for The Merseybeats TREKphiler  any time you're ready, Uhura  10:18, 1 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Aaron Williams, early member of The Merseybeats TREKphiler  any time you're ready, Uhura  10:18, 1 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Tony Crane, co-founder of The Merseybeats TREKphiler  any time you're ready, Uhura  10:18, 1 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Giovanni Vailati (musician) Italian classical mandolinist Jacqke (talk) 16:24, 11 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Danny Wagner (musician)  - Mark D Worthen PsyD   (talk)  21:15, 18 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Yasuo Kuwahara Jacqke (talk) 18:14, 10 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Giuseppe Anedda Jacqke (talk) 18:45, 27 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Sylvester Rivers - composer, arranger, pianist with long history of high profile session work Riversco (talk) 22:31, 30 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Vicetone - Dutch edm dj duo. CoffeeGiraffe (talk) 13:47, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Dick Hyde (musician) – under contruction, 11:11, 21 January 2013 p joe f (talk • contribs)
 * The Discocks - needs a lot of work, 00:00, 5 August 2010 Atallcostsky
 * Arthur Adams (singer) - work in progress, blues guy.  Chzz  ►  17:38, 9 August 2009 (UTC)
 * The Gregory Brothers—creators of the Auto-Tune the News series. —Notyourbroom ( talk ) 23:59, 16 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Kári Streymoy is the drummer for Týr.  Demon Hunter Rules   ]] ( talk ) 16:18, 13 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Alan Walden manager of September Hase, Lynyrd Skynyrd, and The Outlaws iheartrockers85 14:15, 02 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Wolfgang Niedecken lead singer of the German rock band BAP Mdebets (talk) 11:16, 28 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Pete King former drummer of the German rock band BAP Mdebets (talk) 13:51, 27 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Jan Dix former drummer of the German rock band BAP Mdebets (talk) 09:52, 27 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Klaus Heuser former guitarist of the German rock band BAP Mdebets (talk) 13:26, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Gerald Clayton, jazz pianist, son of John Clayton (bassist) and nephew of Jeff Clayton, reed/flute player. Binksternet (talk) 20:17, 10 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Atsuko Hashimoto, Japanese Hammond B-3 jazz organist. Binksternet (talk) 01:27, 23 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Kate Jacobs, American Singer/songwriter -- Nudve (talk) 09:08, 7 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Mina (Italian singer), Italian singer. --User:Erikupoeg (talk) 21:48, 26 January 2008 (GMT)
 * Cristal Marie, Dominican singer. --Zytsef (talk) 06:23, 21 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Milt Herth jazz musician, Hammond organ
 * Andrée Watters, Quebec pop-rock singer with one Felix award & Marie-Élaine Thibert Quebec light-rock/pop singer, 2003 Star Académie finalist, one-time Juno Award winner and multi-Felix award winner.--JForget 01:13, 12 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Dead Artist Syndrome, pioneering Christian goth rock band - Foetusized 23:58, 12 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Georges Thurston, was a Quebec, Canada, R&B and reggae singer for 30 years. Was also known as Boule Noire. Deceased on June 18, 2007--JForget 02:41, 22 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Trainwreck Riders, an alternative country band from San Francisco, California. Popular in the Bay Area, released their first album last year, and will be performing at the Treasure Island Music Festival this September. -- R'son-W (speak to me/breathe) 23:32, 21 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Alpinestars, a electronic rock band out of Manchester. They were somewhat popular in the early 2000s when they released their albums B.A.S.I.C. and White Noise, and have had several tracks featured in video games such as SSX 3, but have not been heard from since 2003. --Temporarily Insane (talk) 15:53, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
 * August Wenzinger, Swiss viola da gamba performer, teacher, and pioneer of historically informed performance. -- ℜob C. alias ⒶⓁⒶⓇⓄⒷ 17:53, 26 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Floyd Lloyd, a Jamaican reggae singer and musician, born in 1948. -- SoulBrotherNumberOne (talk) 23:24, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Marina Osman, Belarusian pianist and concertmaster, born 1965 --Les Yeux Noirs (talk) 10:35, 26 November 2017 (UTC)

Recently added

 * George Reneau, mid-1920s Country musician -- Allreet (talk) 19:30, 4 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Kekele, Congolese rumba band --Sullidav (talk) 04:28, 10 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Jim Boggia, Philadelphia singer-songwriter --copana2002 (talk) 00:38, 22 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Sergey Ryabtsev, fiddler for Gogol Bordello --Zytsef (talk) 00:35, 21 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Jerusalem (British band), 1970s rock band. --Zytsef (talk) 20:17, 19 January 2008 (UTC)* KEN (band), a band of some sort... --Zytsef (talk) 00:59, 19 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Imperative Reaction, American electronic music band, or something. --Zytsef (talk) 00:55, 19 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Dismantled, American industrial music artist. --Zytsef (talk) 00:38, 19 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Delaware (band), Norwegian indie rock band. --Zytsef (talk) 00:34, 19 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Bella Morte, American gothic rock band. --Zytsef (talk) 00:24, 19 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Assemblage 23, American Synthpop artist. --Zytsef (talk) 00:11, 19 January 2008 (UTC)
 * And One, German Synthpop band. --Zytsef (talk) 00:02, 19 January 2008 (UTC)
 * 16 Volt, American Industrial music band. --Zytsef (talk) 23:58, 18 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Longwave (band), American indie rock band. --Zytsef (talk) 02:49, 17 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Halfway to Gone, American Stoner Rock band -- Nudve (talk) 15:31, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

 Arts and Entertainment Work Group – Musicians The Arts and Entertainment Work Group – Musicians is a working group of members of the Biography WikiProject dedicated to ensuring quality and coverage of biography articles.

Related Projects Since biographies are potentially under the purview of almost all WikiProjects, it is important that we work in tandem with these projects. Also, when seeking collaboration on articles, don't neglect to approach WikiProjects that are part of the geographical region your subject is/was in. Some musicians have WikiProjects dedicated to them and these WikiProjects generally consider themselves responsible for the biographical articles within their scope.

 * WikiProject Guitarists
 * WikiProject Composers
 * WikiProject Elvis Presley
 * WikiProject Lady Gaga
 * The Beatles
 * The Clash
 * The KLF
 * Pink Floyd
 * Queen

Related Portals Increase the exposure of our work group by nominating our articles for their Portal FA and DYKs. Of course, don't forget the main portal, Portal:Arts

Articles Announcements/To do ([ edit] )
 * Portal:Music
 * Portal:Rock music
 * FAs:
 * See Category:FA-Class biography (musicians) articles
 * GAs:
 * See Category:GA-Class biography (musicians) articles

Add this to-do list to your User page!

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians


text:
Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Maintenance Schedules

Regular bicycle maintenance
Performing regular maintenance on a bicycle will improve its performance and longevity, and reduce the risk of breakdowns. The exact schedule for a particular bicycle will depend on how it is used: its weekly mileage, the weather conditions, road (or off road) surface conditions and so on. Most parts will need attention and possible replacement every year or two; if this is done, however, a bicycle can be maintained in good working order for decades.

Bicycle inspection & maintenance can be roughly broken down into four categories. Each includes clean, inspect, adjust, lubricate and repair as necessary. The primary difference between them is the depth or level of each task and sub-task.

 * 1) Pre-ride
 * 2) Post-ride
 * 3) Tune-up
 * 4) Overhaul

The schedule given here is a starting point for an average bike, assuming daily or weekly use; you will soon adjust this based on your own experience.

Every ride: (washing with a bike cleaner helps get rid of dried on and hard to get off grime.)
 * Check that the tires are inflated (a quick pinch to ensure they are hard generally suffices)
 * Check both wheels will rotate without sticking
 * Squeeze both brakes to make sure they engage properly (this is especially important if you have been working on the bike and may have disconnected the brake cables)
 * Check for obvious loose parts; if you have panniers or removable child seats make sure they're properly attached
 * Check you have working lights, a lock and a key if you will need them before you return
 * After the ride, if the moving parts have got muddy or picked up road salt, give the bike a quick hose down. It's much easier doing it now than after it has dried!

Once a week:
 * Lubricate the chain
 * Re-inflate the tires to the correct pressure.
 * Rotate wheels to check that they are in true. Replace any broken spokes - other spokes will break and the wheel will be permanently bent if ridden in this condition.

Quarterly:
 * Check the brakes to ensure they are correctly adjusted, and that the pads are not worn.
 * Check derailleur adjustment.
 * Check screws or bolts holding attachments such as mudguards, racks, bottles etc. are tight.
 * Check brake and gear cables for fraying or rusting, and lubricate.
 * Grease seat post. It may not technically be a moving part, but it is not desirable for it to become permanently stuck.
 * Adjust the saddle height and position if necessary. (when crank arm is in-line with seat tube and ball of foot is inline with pedal axle, knee should be slightly bent, then place heel on pedal, leg should then be completely straight. Hips should not wobble when riding bike, Lower seat if this occurs)
 * Check tires for signs of wear, bulges or splitting. (replace immediately)
 * Check handlebars are aligned properly with front wheel.
 * Check reflectors (if required) are still attached
 * Check the chain for wear

At least every two years:
 * Replace the chain and front or rear sprockets
 * Complete dis-assembly, cleaning, and lubricate all moving parts.
 * Check bottom bracket and wheel hubs for excessive play and replace if worn.
 * Check derailleur jockey wheels for wear, replace them if worn. *TIP* If the "teeth" of the jockey wheels or front or rear sprockets look sharp and pointy, Replace. (if rear cassette is worn, you will need to replace chain at the same time)
 * Grease metal-to-metal contact points.
 * Check saddle for splitting, and handlebar grips or tape for perishing or fraying
 * Check headset; tighten or replace bearings as necessary

Manual de la bicicleta/Mantenimiento de la bicicleta

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:Baron Conyers

Untitled
I have fleshed out the likely succession which was too vague, however I can't complete it fully atm. I believe that only one (of the two) daughters of Lady Mary Pelham has children. However I don't know the sex of those children.

If she (daughter of Lady Mary Pelham) has a son(s) and her sister has no children the abeyance will terminate with the sisters' deaths. If she has only daughters or both sisters have daughters the abeyance will likely hit the 100 year ruling from the HofL Privileges Cmtee and likely remain permanent. If both sisters have son(s) the abeyance might terminate at some future date though the 100 year rule makes this difficult. If all heirs from both the daughters of the 5th Earl of yarborough die out the abeyance will automatically terminate in favour of the 8th Earl of Yarborough.

I'm loath to include all this as it risks really confusing most people but if someone feels it appropriate please amend as you think best. Alci12 19:29, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * If what is stated at Baron Fauconberg is accurate and complete, the elder daughter (Anthea) has no children, while the younger daughter (Beatrix) has two sons. If that is accurate, on Anthea's death the abeyance will automatically terminate and either Beatrix (if she is still alive) or the elder of her sons (if she is not) will succeed as both 10th Baron(ess) Fauconberg and 16th Baron(ess) Conyers. Proteus (Talk) 15:46, 5 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Baron Conyers


text:
muzzled

Adjective

 * 1) Wearing a muzzle
 * 2) Forcibly restrained from speaking or publishing an unwelcome or dangerous opinion.

title: muzzled


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Stand Out Model Management

The result was delete. - Mailer Diablo 16:55, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Stand Out Model Management
Advert for modelling adgency - nothing else. Entire content of page is "Stand Out Model Management is a modelling agency." plus link to Offical Site. Mattisse(talk) 16:02, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete advertisement--ZayZayEM 16:06, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete Free advertisement. It was also the page creator's only contribution to Wiki. JungleCat    talk / contrib  16:13, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete There are no supermodels from this agency, so it is not worth adding to wikipedia. Lil Flip246 16:17, 11 August 2006 (UTC)


text:
Category:Colombian people of Caribbean descent

This category includes articles on Colombians who immigrated from, or are descendants of immigrants from, the Caribbean.


text:
American Line

The American Line was a shipping company that operated independently from 1871 until 1932, when it was absorbed into the United States Lines.

The Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-based company was the largest American shipping company during its existence, rivaled only by Baltimore-based Atlantic Transport Lines, although all American oceanic shipping concerns were dwarfed by British companies such as the White Star Line and Cunard Line and German ones such as HAPAG.

History
The American Line began as part of the Pennsylvania Railroad, although the railroad got out of the shipping business soon afterward. Its first president was Herman Joseph Lombaert (1816–1885), a PRR vice-president who resigned from the railroad when the shipping company became independent.

The company's most prominent president was Clement Griscom, who led the company from 1888 to 1902 and worked as a company executive for its entire existence. The company became much larger when it bought out the Inman Line in 1886.

In 1902, Griscom decided to merge his company with several other lines to become the International Navigation Co., soon renamed the International Mercantile Marine Company. In the IMM, the American Line generally handled traffic between the United States ports of Philadelphia and New York City and the British ports of Liverpool and Southampton. Sister company Red Star Line handled traffic between America and the European continent, primarily through Antwerp, Belgium. When the IMM trust failed in 1932, the American pieces of the combine were once again solely under the American flag, this time in the guise of United States Lines.

Ships

 * SS City of Berlin, chartered to the Red Star Line 1895–1898 for seven voyages
 * SS City of New York
 * SS City of Paris (1888) (also sailed as USS Yale, SS Philadelphia, and USS Harrisburg)
 * SS Haverford, chartered to the Red Star Line 1901–1902 for four voyages
 * SS Merion, Haverford's sister ship, torpedoed and sunk in 1915 while acting as a decoy "battlecruiser"
 * SS Illinois (1873), chartered to the Red Star Line 1886–1897
 * SS Indiana (1873), chartered to the Red Star Line 1889
 * SS Kensington (1893), chartered to the Red Star Line 1895–1903
 * SS Kroonland, purchased from the Red Star Line in 1923, then sold to Panama Pacific Line
 * SS Pennsylvania (1872), chartered from American Line 1887–1897
 * Pittsburgh, chartered to the Red Star Line 1925–1926. Sold to the RSL 1926 and renamed Pennland, sold to Bernstein Red Star Line, Hamburg 1935
 * SS St. Louis (1894)
 * SS St. Paul (1895)
 * SS Southwark (1893), chartered to the Red Star Line 1895–1903

General references

 * Flayhart, William Henry III (2000). The American Line 1871-1902 (New York, W.W. Norton & Co.), ISBN 0-393-04710-5

title: American Line


text:
Talk:Christopher Mills (director)

Requested move 9 August 2017

The result of the move request was: both pages moved  Kostas20142 (talk) 10:11, 16 August 2017 (UTC)

– I don't find it all convincing that this moderately successful director is the primary topic of a name shared with several other people and a location. bd2412 T 03:40, 9 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Christopher Mills → Christopher Mills (director)
 * Christopher Mills (disambiguation) → Christopher Mills
 * Support per nomination. Subject does not inspire more searches than all the other entries combined. —Roman Spinner (talk)(contribs) 07:52, 9 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Support this move 2601:541:4304:E6B0:218:8BFF:FE74:FE4F (talk) 14:27, 10 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Christopher Mills (director)


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/UserReports/Namizamani

Links

 * saadatrent.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * COIBot domainredlist search for link Namizamani gives:
 * saadatrent.com (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist (diff))
 * saadatrent.com (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist (diff))
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link would be caught by rule \bsaadatrent\.com\b on the monitor list (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist (diff - )).
 * Link is blacklisted by \bsaadatrent\.com\b on [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist en.wikipedia.org]
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link would be caught by rule \bsaadatrent\.com\b on the monitor list (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist (diff - )).
 * Link is blacklisted by \bsaadatrent\.com\b on [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist en.wikipedia.org]

Additions

 * Displayed all 1 additions.


text:
Kanakanavu language

Kanakanavu (also spelled Kanakanabu) is a Southern Tsouic language spoken by the Kanakanavu people, an indigenous people of Taiwan (see Taiwanese aborigines). It is a Formosan language of the Austronesian family.

The Kanakanavu live in the two villages of Manga and Takanua in Namasia District (formerly Sanmin Township), Kaohsiung.

The language is moribund, with only 4 speakers (2012 census).

History
The native Kanakanavu speakers were Taiwanese aboriginals living on the islands. Following the Dutch Colonial Period in the 17th century, Han-Chinese immigration began to dominate the islands population. The village of Takanua is a village assembled by Japanese rulers to relocate various aboriginal groups in order to establish easier dominion over these groups.

Phonology
There are 14 different consonant phonemes, containing only voiceless plosives within Kanakanavu. Adequate descriptions of liquid consonants become a challenge within Kanakanavu. It also contains 6 vowels plus diphthongs and triphthongs. Vowel length is often not clear if distinctive or not, as well as speakers pronouncing vowel phonemes with variance. As most Austronesian and Formosan languages, Kanakanavu has a CV syllable structure (where C = consonant, V = vowel). Very few, even simple words, contain less than three to four syllables.

Consonants
Sounds /ts, s/ are heard as [tʃ, ʃ] when preceding /i/.

Orthography
Kanakanavu is usually written with the Latin script. The following are often used to represent sounds in the language: A, C, E, I, K, L, M, N, Ng, O, P, R, S, T, U, Ʉ, V,  ' /ʔ.

C represents the phoneme /c/.

L represents the phonemes /ɗ/ and /ɽ/.

P represents both /ɓ/ and /p/.

/ɫ/ is spelled as hl.

title: Kanakanavu language


text:
burak

Noun

 * 1) flower

Noun

 * 1) white

Adjective

 * 1) white

Noun

 * 1) flower

Noun

 * 1) flower

Noun

 * 1) flower

Noun

 * 1) flower

Noun

 * 1) flower

Noun

 * 1) flower

Etymology
From earlier, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) beet
 * 2) beet
 * 3)  fruit wine of an inferior brand

Noun

 * 1)  boor, hillbilly, yokel

Noun

 * 1) mire; deep mud; slime; slough

Noun

 * 1) flower

Noun

 * 1) flower

title: burak


text:
Talk:Phoneword/Archives/2014

phone words / phone names
You are very correct. There was a problem with the letters on the phone keypads in the UK. A friend of mine was about to launch a reverse charge phone call service in the UK using the phone name 0800 REVERSE. When they realised a lot of the public phone key pads did not have letters on them, they had to help British Telecom update the keypads. A very costly exercise. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bigmeeting (talk • contribs) 08:00, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

Where is the history section?
Even the Model 102 telephone or the Model 50AL Candlestick used Letters instead/besides the numbers.--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:20, 24 June 2011 (UTC)

Correct terminology is 'PHONEWORDS' in Australia?
The Australia section say "the correct terminology is 'PHONEWORDS', as [accepted by] the Government, IP Australia, and Telstra". I have my doubts about this, so I'd like to see a citation. The following reputable sources (all mentioned in the article) do not use all caps: Searching for "phoneword" and "phone word" in Hansard found only this, which did not capitalise "phoneword". Unless someone can provide a specific reliable citation to prove that the correct term is all capitalised, I shall remove the sentences "The correct terminology is 'PHONEWORDS' ... Incorrect terminology is ..." from the article. Mitch Ames (talk) 01:47, 25 April 2012 (UTC)
 * The Australian Communications and Media Authority (government owned), Phonewords fact sheet
 * IP Australia's SNIPER bulletins January 2010, July 2010
 * Telstra's Customer terms, Inbound services section

 * In the absence of any objections, I've removed the sentences. Mitch Ames (talk) 10:10, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

Related page: "Numeronym"
“Numeronym”: “Anne H. Soukhanov, editor of the new Microsoft Encarta College Dictionary, gives the original meaning of the term as "a telephone number that spells a word or a name" on a telephone dial.” — Preceding unsigned comment added by Metaed (talk • contribs) 04:36, 15 December 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Phoneword/Archives/2014


text:
User:BrightStar~enwikiversity

Hi, Welcome, from WikiVersity member/user : BrightStar.

I will be contributing as much possible.

Thanks.

title: User:BrightStar~enwikiversity


text:
User:Nnamdi James

Nasha Clout Limited

Established: 9 November 2017

Business: Agribusiness

CEO: Edward Nnamdi James

Manager: Shahannie Therese James

Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Country: Nigeria

Agribusiness Company in Abuja, Nigeria that deals on Basic Food Items such as Cameroon Pepper,(Cayenne) Chilli Pepper and Cocoyam Flour.

First she sold bags before establishing and changing her line of business to Agricultural due to food importance in Nigeria as of 2017.

title: User:Nnamdi James


text:
Gruppen

Gruppen (Groups) for three orchestras (1955–57) is amongst the best-known compositions of German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen, and is Work Number 6 in the composer's catalog of works. Gruppen is "a landmark in 20th-century music ... probably the first work of the post-war generation of composers in which technique and imagination combine on the highest level to produce an undisputable masterpiece".

History
Early in 1955 Stockhausen received a commission from WDR for a new orchestral composition, but his ongoing work on Gesang der Jünglinge prevented him from starting right away. In August and September, he took the opportunity to retreat to an inexpensive rented room in the attic of a parsonage in Paspels, Switzerland, recommended to him by a colleague, Paul Gredinger. Surrounded by the splendour of the Graubünden alps, he created the entire plan of Gruppen, "with a completely new conception of musical time". The surroundings provided more than just a conducive environment for work. "in Gruppen ... whole envelopes of rhythmic blocks are exact lines of mountains that I saw in Paspels in Switzerland right in front of my little window. Many of the time spectra, which are represented by superimpositions of different rhythmic layers—of different speeds in each layer—their envelope which describes the increase and decrease of the number of layers, their shape, so to speak, the shape of the time field, are the curves of the mountain's contour which I saw when I looked out the window."

Originally the work was to have been for multi-channel electronic music with large orchestra, with metrically indeterminate parts for the orchestra. Once having decided to divide the orchestra into three parts, each with its own conductor, Stockhausen gave up the electronic sounds and incorporated some of what had previously been thought of as electronic music into the orchestra. The indeterminate tempos also proved impractical, and were dropped after a few experimental pages of score had been written out.

Upon returning to Cologne, Stockhausen resumed work on Gesang der Jünglinge and then composed the wind quintet Zeitmaße and Klavierstück XI, before turning to working-out the details of Gruppen, which occupied him for all of 1957. The premiere of the work took place in the Rheinsaal of the Kölner Messe in Cologne-Deutz, as part of the WDR's concert series Musik der Zeit, on 24 March 1958 with the Cologne Radio Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Stockhausen (orchestra I), Bruno Maderna (orchestra II), and Pierre Boulez (orchestra III). The score is dedicated to Herbert Eimert, director at that time of the WDR electronic music studio. Gruppen was performed twice on the programme, with the world premiere of Pierre Boulez's Third Piano Sonata, performed by the composer, in between.

Material and form
A large orchestra of 109 players is divided into three orchestral units, each with its own conductor, which are deployed in a horseshoe shape to the left, front, and right of the audience. The spatial separation was principally motivated by the compositional requirement of keeping simultaneously played yet musically separate passages distinct from one another, but led to some orgiastic passages in which a single musical process passes from one orchestra to another.

The title refers to the work's construction in 174 units, mainly composed in what Stockhausen terms "groups"—cohesive groupings of notes unified through one or more common characteristics (dynamics, instrumental color, register, etc.): "a particular number of notes which are joined, by means of related proportions, into a superordinate experiential quality (namely, the group). The various groups in a composition have various proportional features—various structures—but they are interrelated in that the properties of one group may only be understood by comparing them in degree of relationship with the other groups". This category is contrasted with the "punctual" style of early Darmstadt serialism, which nevertheless also occurs in Gruppen, along with a third category of "collective" or "statistical" swarms or crowds, too dense for the listener to be able to accurately distinguish individual notes or their order of succession. Consequently, the importance of individual notes is relatively low, so that sonority, density, speed, dynamics, and direction of movement become the main features for the listener.

Nonetheless, a traditional twelve-tone row is used as its basis:

This is a symmetrical all-interval row, in which the first half consists of the intervals of a descending major third, rising perfect fourth, descending minor third, descending minor second, and ascending major second. The second half consists of the retrograde of the first half, transposed by a tritone. In other words, the row is "degenerate", in that the second hexachord is a retrograde of the first, transposed by six semitones. However, Stockhausen does not exploit the specific twelve-tone compositional applications of such a row, which suggests that either Stockhausen was not interested in or did not know about them. Because of the chord transformations that emerge between rehearsal numbers 118 and 120 it appears that Stockhausen was in fact aware of these properties, making it most likely that the relationship simply did not interest him compositionally.

Many of the conceptual bases of the work are explained in Stockhausen's famous article, "... How Time Passes ...". In this essay, Stockhausen developed a serial organizational principle at the center of which stood the concept of a twelve-step duration series possessing the same structural properties as the basic twelve-tone pitch series. This became the basis for the entire process of serial organization of Gruppen. This duration series, however, is expressed not as single units (which would correspond to single vibrations of a pitch) but rather as metronomic tempos in sufficiently long stretches of time to enable conductors and musicians to change tempo with precision. However, because the resulting "fundamental durations" are not small enough for use in the musical detail, subdivisions corresponding to the transposition of the overtones of a pitch's harmonic spectrum are used.

The twelve logarithmic metronomic tempos used in Gruppen, covering a tempo "octave" (doubling in speed) from ♩ = 60 to 120 are:

The composer recalled that, when Igor Stravinsky saw the score for the first time, he wrote that such fractional metronomic values as 63.5 and 113.5 were "a sign of German thoroughness".

Orchestra I
Woodwinds
 * 1 flute (doubling piccolo)
 * 1 alto flute
 * 1 oboe
 * 1 English horn
 * 1 clarinet
 * 1 bassoon

Brass
 * 2 horns (high and low)
 * 2 trumpets
 * 2 trombones (2nd with bass valve)
 * 1 bass tuba

Percussion (4 percussionists)
 * 1 glockenspiel
 * 1 tamtam (large)
 * 3 cymbals (large, medium, small)
 * 1 tamtam (large)
 * 3 cymbals (large, medium, small)
 * 3 cymbals (large, medium, small)

Keyboards
 * 1 keyboard glockenspiel (or celesta)

Strings
 * 1 harp

 * 10 violins
 * 2 violas
 * 4 cellos
 * 2 double basses

Orchestra II
Woodwinds
 * 2 flutes (1st doubling piccolo)
 * 1 oboe
 * 1 piccolo clarinet
 * 1 alto saxophone (doubling clarinet)
 * 1 baritone saxophone
 * 1 bassoon

Brass
 * 3 horns (1st and 3rd higher, 2nd lower)
 * 2 trumpets
 * 1 trombone
 * 1 bass trombone

Percussion (4 percussionists)
 * 1 vibraphone
 * 14 tubular bells
 * 1 tamtam (medium)
 * 3 cymbals (large, medium, small)
 * 1 ratchet
 * 2 triangles (1 higher, 1 lower)
 * 1 ratchet
 * 2 triangles (1 higher, 1 lower)
 * 1 ratchet
 * 2 triangles (1 higher, 1 lower)
 * 1 ratchet
 * 2 triangles (1 higher, 1 lower)

Keyboards
 * 1 [grand] piano (without cover)

Strings
 * 1 electric guitar

 * 8 violins
 * 4 violas
 * 2 cellos
 * 2 double basses

Orchestra III
Woodwinds
 * 1 flute (doubling piccolo)
 * 1 oboe
 * 1 English horn
 * 1 clarinet
 * 1 bass clarinet
 * 1 bassoon

Brass
 * 3 horns (1st and 3rd higher, 2nd lower)
 * 2 trumpets
 * 2 trombones (both with bass valve)
 * 1 contrabass trombone (or tuba)

Percussion (4 percussionists)
 * 1 tamtam (small)
 * 3 cymbals (large, medium, small)
 * 1 tamtam (small)
 * 3 cymbals (large, medium, small)
 * 3 cymbals (large, medium, small)

Keyboards
 * 1 celesta (5 octaves)

Strings
 * 1 harp

 * 8 violins
 * 4 violas
 * 2 cellos
 * 2 double basses

Discography
In chronological order of first issue.
 * 1968. WDR Symphony Orchestra, Cologne, conducted by Karlheinz Stockhausen, Bruno Maderna, and Michael Gielen. Recorded May 1965; released with Stockhausen's Carré on Deutsche Grammophon DG 137 002 (LP), DG921022 (Cassette). [N.p.]: Polydor International.
 * reissued under the same LP disc number, in the first set of Deutsche Grammophon's Avant Garde series. [Hamburg]: Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft, 1968.
 * reissued on reel-to-reel 7-$1/2$ ips tape, as DGC 7002. Elk Grove Village, Illinois: Ampex/Deutsche Grammophon, ca. 1974.
 * reissued on Stockhausen Complete Edition CD 5. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag, 1992.
 * reissued (without Carré) on Die Neue Musik und ihre neuesten Entwicklungen, Opus Musicum OM 116 – OM 118 [6833 174–76] (3-LP set), (with works by Berio, Boulez, Earle Brown, Cage, Luc Ferrari, Henze, Kagel, Ligeti, Messiaen, Jens-Peter Ostendorf, Penderecki, Schnebel, Xenakis, Zimmermann). Cologne: Arno Volk Verlag; Hans Gerig KG, 1975.
 * 1982. Deutscher Musikrat: Zeitgenössische Musik in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 4: 1950–1960. WDR Symphony Orchestra, Cologne, cond. Karlheinz Stockhausen (orchestra 1), Bruno Maderna (orchestra 2), Pierre Boulez (orchestra 3). Recorded 24 March 1958 in four channels; stereo mix 1982. Deutsche Harmonia Mundi DMR 1010–12 (3-LP boxed set). Cologne: EMI Electrola.
 * 1996. Berliner Philharmoniker, cond. Friedrich Goldmann (orchestra 1), Claudio Abbado (orchestra 2), Marcus Creed (orchestra 3). Recorded Berlin, Philharmonie, Grosser Saal, December 1994. (with Kurtág, Grabstein für Stephan, op. 15c, and Stele, op. 33). DG 447 761-2; also issued on DG 940 462-2. Reissued in 2012 on Deutsche Grammophon 001708102.
 * 2005. Leaving Home: Orchestral Music in the 20th Century. A Conducted Tour by Sir Simon Rattle. Volume 6: "After the Wake". City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Simon Rattle, John Carewe, and Daniel Harding. Recorded Symphony Hall, Birmingham, 2 March 1996. Complete performance of Gruppen as a DVD extra. (Programme includes excerpts from: Boulez, Le Marteau sans maître; Britten, Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings, Op. 31; Schoenberg, A Survivor from Warsaw, Op. 46; Stockhausen, Gruppen; Richard Strauss, Four Last Songs; Stravinsky, Agon). Arthaus Musik, DVD 102 043. Also available as part of a 7-DVD set, Arthaus Musik 102 073. Leipzig: Arthaus Musik.
 * 2006a. Schönberg Ensemble Edition: A Century of Music in Perspective. Schönberg Ensemble, Asko Ensemble, Amsterdam Sinfonietta, Nederlands Blazers Ensemble, Nieuw Ensemble, Slagwerkgroep Den Haag, cond. Reinbert de Leeuw, Oliver Knussen, Robert Spano. Recorded 3 September 1995. Released on SACD as disc 9 in the 27-disc CD/DVD set, Etcetera KTC9000 (22 CDs 1 SACD 4 DVDs). Also issued separately, as Schönberg Ensemble Edition nr. 9.
 * 2006b. Eötvös Conducts Stockhausen: Gruppen, Punkte. WDR Symphony Orchestra, Cologne, conducted by Arturo Tamayo (orchestra 1), Péter Eötvös (orchestra 2), Jacques Mercier (orchestra 3). Recorded by WDR at Messe Rheinlandsaal, Cologne 28 May/2 June 1997. (with Stockhausen: Punkte). BMC CD 117. [Budapest]: Budapest Music Center Records.
 * 2012. Tanglewood 75: Anniversary Celebration: From the Audio Archives 1937–2012. Tanglewood Music Center Orchestra, cond. Oliver Knussen, Reinbert de Leeuw, Robert Spano. Recorded 25 August 1993, Theatre-Concert Hall, Tanglewood, Mass. MP3 or FLAC download (stereo). BSO Classics TWD75 31 0720 01. [Boston]: Boston Symphony Orchestra.

title: Gruppen


text:
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Portal:Nintendo

 __NOINDEX__

The result of the discussion was:  delete. — JJMC89  (T·C) 05:24, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

Portal:Nintendo

 * – (View MfD)

Portal:Nintendo is a well-viewed unmaintained single-vendor portal. In the first half of 2019, the portal had 61 average daily pageviews, as contrasted with 4419 for the article. Special:PrefixIndex/Portal:Nintendo shows 20 articles, 16 pictures, and other pages. The articles were created in 2007, and a few in 2009, and some are unchanged, and some have been tweaked in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, or 2016, including two that have had links corrected in 2019. There is no designated maintainer. There are three problems with this portal. First, it is not being updated, and its maintenance is inconsistent, which does not comply with the portal guidelines. Second, 20 articles is, based on the usual version of the portal guidelines, a bare minimum, with no effort to increase the coverage since 2009. Those are issues with the portal guidelines, which portal advocates have challenged. If the portal guidelines are not guidelines, we should use common sense, except that it is obvious that portal advocates do not have that quality. The third problem is that this single-company portal is non-neutral and reads like a catalog of Nintendo products. The neutral point of view requirement predates the portal guidelines, is non-negotiable, and is the second pillar of Wikipedia. This portal hasn't changed much in ten years and isn't about to become neutral or to be improved. Robert McClenon (talk) 02:20, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete per the nom. This portal has been abandoned for a decade, save some one-off maintenance by passing editors. It clearly fails WP:POG's requirement that portals should be about subjects broad enough to attract large numbers of readers and maintainers. This portal has had a decade of no steady maintainers and it had a low 61 views per day from January 1 to June 30 2019 (while the head article Nintendo had 4,419 views per day in the same period).
 * POG also states that portals be associated with a wikiproject, but WikiProject Nintendo is just a redirect to the WikiProject Video games/Nintendo taskforce, which has some activity, but the portal was last mentioned on the talk page in Aug. 2009 about updating the sorely out-of-date portal, but got no response. This shows a clear lack of interest in this portal. Portals stand or fall on their merits in the now, not what could someday hypothetically happen with them, and this one falls flat. I oppose re-creation, as a decade of hard evidence shows Nintendo is not a broad enough topic to attract readers and maintainers. Newshunter12 (talk) 03:10, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Note to closing admin. I don't want in any way to prejudge the outcome ... but if you close this discussion as delete, please can you not remove the backlinks?  I have an AWB setup which allows me to easily replace them with links to the next most specific portal(s) (in this case Portal:Video games), without creating duplicate entries. --  Brown HairedGirl  (talk) • (contribs) 11:42, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Second, 20 articles is, based on the usual version of the portal guidelines, a bare minimum, with no effort to increase the coverage since 2009. is clearly a faulty argument; there are 20 articles which are, but from a total, you are welcome to peruse the subcategories of Category:Nintendo. There are thousands of articles associated with the portal accordingly, and I need not get into the specifics here. The third problem is that this single-company portal is non-neutral and reads like a catalog of Nintendo products. is also ludicrous if not fallacious on its face; one would expect a portal about Nintendo to be about Nintendo products, history, you name it. Saying this is a failure of NPOV seems to indicate misunderstanding of what NPOV actually means, and I'd invite you to try that line of logic for deleting the many video games we document today (good luck). That said, I'm practical, and tend to think that portals in their entirety should be removed, not least because of the many arguments on their general use (i.e. that they aren't used and that we have been in a post-portal world since before Wikipedia existed). A portal with 1.5% page views of its corresponding main topic article is not good enough for continued maintenance. --Izno (talk) 15:54, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete - I agree with Izno that there could be plenty of articles used- Cat:Nintendo articles by quality lists 37 FAs, 9 FLs, and 173 GAs. The fact remains that no one is maintaining this portal or adding these articles, and the portal itself is not doing anything with presentation or information to justify a separate Portal. -- Pres N  16:08, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Comment - My thought on neutral point of view is that there are topics where it is difficult to maintain neutral point of view, where Wikipedia must take special care to ensure neutrality. In these areas, Wikipedia should focus the effort of maintaining neutrality on those reader-facing pages that are essential to Wikipedia's mission; those are our articles.  We must present neutral coverage of non-neutral subjects, such as companies, and hostile nations, in articles, even if special procedures are needed.  We do not need to make a special effort to present neutral coverage of non-neutral subjects in portals.  We do not need portals on nations that are at war; we do not need portals on companies that are in legal competition with other companies.  Robert McClenon (talk) 02:05, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete per Robert McClenon and Newshunter12; I also oppose re-creation. -Crossroads- (talk) 03:20, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete per the nominator @Robert McClenon. This portal's 61 pageviews per day is better than the average of ~20, but it still falls some way short of the threshold of 100 at which portals seem to start to become viable (i.e. they are much more likely to have multiple maintainers, and less likely to just be the child of a single editor).
 * In this case, there has not even consistently been one maintainer, with the result that that the portal has never been expanded beyond the bare minimum size, and many of its content forked-sub-pages have rotted. We a do a grave disservice to our readers when we lure them away from the B-class head article Nintendo (with its fine collection of navboxes) to a neglected portal. The fact that in this case, the portal has above average pageviews only makes the situation worse, because that means more time being wasted.
 * I also share the nominator's alarm about this being a single-company portal. As such it cannot avoid becoming a showcase for that company, to the exclusion of its competitors.  No matter how diligently any editor of this portal strives to uphold WP:NPOV, the scope makes it is structurally impossible to avoid the portal becoming a breach of WP:PROMO.
 * WP:POG requires that portals should be about "broad subject areas, which are likely to attract large numbers of interested readers and portal maintainers".
 * However, this is not a "broad topic". It's a relatively narrow topic, but covered in copious detail because of the systemic bias of Wikipedia editors towards a set of topics which includes video games. It only is a single company, and more than an order of magnitude smaller than the world's biggest companies.  Nintendo's annual revenue of ~US$10billion is indeed large, but still way behind the world's biggest companies such as Royal Dutch Shell (US$388 billion), Apple Inc (US$266 billion), Toyota (US$272 billion), China National Petroleum Corporation ($262 billion).  Exxon Mobil, Volkswagen and Berkshire Hathaway also exceed $200 billion of annual revenue.
 * Since the problems here are structural, I also oppose re-creation. -- Brown HairedGirl  (talk) • (contribs) 09:25, 24 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Comment. See Izno, basically.  I am of the opinion that the vast majority of Portals should be deleted, so I wouldn't be torn up about this one being gone, but if at least some portals were kept, this is actually not a bad one to keep, since it has more pageviews than average, indicating that at least some readers care (the key problem that 99% of Portals have).  "Revenue of corporations" is a very weak indicator of societal interest / merit; Emily Dickinson wasn't paid a dime for her works, yet they're far more studied than whatever powered the 1850s Massachusetts economy (agriculture?  whaling?) these days, etc.  SnowFire (talk) 23:04, 26 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete. I've linked to this portal often, but I frankly don't see the purpose in maintaining it or I would volunteer to do so myself. As for policy argument, the points about low readership resonate the most with me; less so the arguments about topic coverage. (not watching, please )  czar  00:56, 29 September 2019 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Introduction to Environmental Engineering

Ecovillages
I would like to start some R&D on Ecovillage bioneering. Anyone else interested? We have the Ecovillage Wiki up and running. Please respond here or on my user talk page. CQ 16:55, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

Question
Just interested to know your thoughts on the ecological impacts of removing all dead wood from a forested region. Prevention of forest fires does definitely help us humans but I do believe that the decomposition/incineration of old wood is a relatively useful process for the retention of forest resources. When a tree grows it removes minerals and nutrients from the soils, and when it dies they are returned back into the soil through decomposition. So effectively removing dead wood on a regular basis would have a similar effect to taking a living tree. Obvioulsy this is in reference to nutrient retention in the particular ecosystem and the bacteria and insects that take part in this process. I do acknowledge that a living tree provides many other services to a forest and its inhabitants.

I am not particularly knowledgable on this subject and genuinely interested on your views, as I like the idea alot.

Sammas 18:45, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

Alternatives to waste water management-- woodflour (sawdust) as composting medium
Many developing countries cannot afford water treatment technology, and water-borne infections claim millions of lives yearly. Meanwhile, unwanted deadwood causes billion dollar fires in the western U.S. and central Australia, deforestation in the tropics. What's wrong with this picture?

Imagine that the U.S. taxpayer decided to fund a giant guest-worker program to bring in a hundred million workers, all ages and genders, to pick and clip trillions of dead sticks and branchlets from the U.S. forest understorey (say, up to 20 feet from the ground and within 200 feet of any railroad track, truck-access road or streambed).

Labor force rarin' to go
There are 2 million Iraqi refugees in countries like Jordan, and the U.S. so far has accepted 2000 (two thousand).

Mia Farrow's photos of refugee camps in southern Sudan and Chad show a moonscape devoid of any stick or blade of grass. She explains that there is a "tree line" about ten miles from each camp and receding. Women walk twenty miles a day to cut, bundle and carry a load of firewood to cook the edibles provided by international agencies.

Madera Marshall Plan
Couldn't at least one member of each family in each refugee camp be imported to the American west, given camp residence in a railway car, roadside FEMA trailer or other container with food and medical care (Halliburton and other contractors are ready to do this kind of job, aren't they?-- and U. S. soldiers return from Iraq to provide security, etc.), provided an anvil pruner, ratchet pruner, ax and saw, etc., bailing string or wire, and paid a low (for U.S.)/high (compared to their homeland) wage from which they can send something to their families as Mexicans do today.

 * High quality roundwood

Wood good enough for carpentry and manufacturing would be logged and loaded on trucks to deliver to town (dead wood only, remember).

 * Low quality roundwood-- long

Wood too rotted, weathered or otherwise poor for quality indoor carpentry use would be kept at the campsite, cut in 48" (40" etc.)lengths, notched near the ends like the LINKIN' lOGLETS toy sets, and used to build up MAXPOST BINS, each on an old pallet imported from town or equivalent, into which smaller flammable brush would be centralized (and mixed with woodflour/sawdust, and other composting ingredients) instead of allowed to lie around causing fires as happens presently. Many bins would be constructed, and all sanitary needs of workers in the project met in this way.

 * Low quality roundwood-- short

Rotted wood too short for bin-making should be processed in chipper/shredders, to produce chips for roadbeds, mulch, erosion prevention etc., and pulverisers, to produce the fine particle size known in the trade as woodflour (same thing as sawdust) which is just about the best composting medium known.

Maxpost International
The woodflour not used locally is to be loaded in sacks (or recycled 5-gallon buckets) and delivered everywhere on the planet that human (or livestock) waste disposal is an issue and composting the answer. (The beauty is, in many cases the guest workers will be hand-harvesting material here which will go to prevent water-borne diseases in their country of origin).

It goes without saying that septic compost is to be delivered not to agriculture but to reforestation projects, in remote areas where no human-destined edible crops are planted.

 * Machinery

The chipper and pulverisor machines used in this program would best be on the small side, less than a meter wide so that a standard forklift pallettruck can delivery them into key locations in the forest, up to 200 feet from a highway or streambed. References need to be made to manufacturers introducing machines of this size and type. There is the question whether solar electrification, using panels installed in treetops, can charge batteries used to run such a machine or whether fuels will have to be imported, gas cannisters or whatever.

Bushwater
(This magnificently named program, if initiated before January 2009, would have the backing, understandably, of the incumbent U.S. chief executive who would doubtless be charmed by the reference to his name in a program aimed at preventing bushfires.)

 * First a foot or two layer of woodflour/sawdust is laid in the deepest parts of the creekbed, which will catch rainwater in the infrequent showers of the rainy season.

 * Then a foot or two layer of chips, shreddings, etc. to hold the soaky woodflour down.

 * Next all the loose, straggly, itchy thin branches, brush, stubble, weedstalks would be clipped, bundled, and delivered to the nearest dry or seasonally dry creek bed, ravine, gully, wadí where it would be laid atop the under-bed of woodflour (sawdust) and chips (shreddings). This structure to serve henceforth as a way of retarding part of the rainwater runoff and converting that into mounds of reverdent vegetation.

 * Finally, drop some fast-growing invasive seeds down in the above mass-- Government-Approved Industrial Hemp (GAIH), Weepy Long-Leaf Water Tree (WLLW), Ancient Chinese Jewtown Watertree (Ailanthus, or the Tree that Grew on Maxwell Street), Tangy Toke Leaf Desert Tree (Eucalyptus), Shaky Quaky Spade Leaf Water Tree (Poplar, Aspen) and others. Soon it will bush up greeen and vibrant in pursuit of reforestation.

 * Upland Pallet-Plywood-Pavement Road System

But first, after trucks have delivered loads of old pallets and reusable pieces of old plywood from town to any typical roadside encampment, a lift truck will deliver this material into the adjoining forest areas (bringing out roundwood and other products on the return trip), while teams of workers build a road system based on pallets laid end to end with plywood nailed down on top, more than one layer if necessary, to make the road strong enough to withstand the weight of a lifttruck carrying a thousand-pound load of more pallets and plywood into the forest, or roundwood logs and sticks and other products out of the forest, which will be trucked downtown to carpentry shops and made into office furniture, toys etc.

Thus a meter-wide pallet-based road network will convert all treated streambeds into a part of the access system which includes truck roads and train lines.

 * HEMIGRATION for labor force

Each October a flotilla of old vessels would deliver millions of Bushwater laborers to the southern hemisphere where they would perform similar drywood harvest jobs in Brazil, Australia and other countries. In April the workers return north. Each such vessel, also known as a Workship, would also have many containerloads of wood scrap loaded on board which the passengers can work with en route, producing carpentry that can be sold at the destination port, thus earning funds to more than pay their passage. (An industry should also be developed for repairing old vessels instead of scrapping them, and fitting them with multiple energy sources, so for example on a certain day wind power may be enough to supply two knots of speed, solar-electric another two knots, etc., and the resident travelers have plenty of carpentry to do en route if the ship takes a month to get where it's going.

 * Citizenship offer

Laborers who learn English (or Portuguese, Spanish etc.) and complete 3, 6 or other given number of semesters of honorable fire-prevention work, would get to choose a new nationality such as U.S., Brazil or whichever, and receive a fast-track naturalization, including for entire families. This type of work is arguable the most educating on the planet and helps provide character development so that the naturalized citizens will be a good acquisition for the destination country.


text:
Mont Saint Michel (disambiguation)

Mont Saint Michel is an island off the coast of Normandy, France.

Mont Saint Michel may refer to:
 * Mont-Saint-Michel Abbey, the abbey on the island
 * Mont-Saint-Michel Bay, which surrounds the island
 * Mont Saint-Michel (Alsace), a hill in the Vosges, France
 * Mont-Saint-Michel, Quebec, a municipality in Canada
 * St Michael's Mount, the island off the coast of Cornwall, England
 * MV Mont St Michel, a ferry operated by Brittany Ferries

title: Mont Saint Michel (disambiguation)


text:
Cookbook:Cottonseed Oil

Cottonseed oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the cotton plant after the cotton lint has been removed.

Characteristics
The oil must be refined to remove gossypol, a naturally occurring toxin that protects the cotton plant from insect damage. Along with soybean oil, cottonseed oil is very often partially or fully hydrogenated. It is almost flavorless, with a smoke point around 420–430°F (215–221°C).

Selection and storage
Because cottonseed oil goes rancid extremely quickly in contact with air, it must be stored in an airtight container and has a short shelf life.

Use
It is commonly used in manufacturing potato chips and other snack foods, as well as margarine. It also works as a salad oil.

title: Cookbook:Cottonseed Oil


text:
Federal Correctional Institution, Mendota

The Federal Correctional Institution, Mendota (FCI Mendota) is a medium-security United States federal prison for male inmates in California. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice. The facility also has an adjacent satellite prison camp housing minimum-security male offenders.

FCI Mendota is located in central California, 36 miles west of Fresno.

History
FCI Mendota opened in January 2012 after years of funding delays. The final cost of construction was $235 million. Mendota Mayor Robert Silva was pleased about the new jobs and revenue for local businesses that the prison would provide and encouraged the Bureau of Prisons to hire as many local residents as it could.

Facility and inmate life
FCI Mendota is located on 960 acres and is enclosed with a 12-foot-high razor wire fence. Inside the facility, inmates have access to educational programs where they may work toward their GED certificate and gain vocational training. Prisoners are required to work on a number of duties, ranging from food preparation in the dining hall to maintenance work. A recreation yard has basketball courts, a soccer field and a track.

Inmates sleep in seven- by twelve-foot cells, complete with toilet and sink. They have access to a common area where they can exercise, shower, and watch basic cable television.

Official counts are conducted at 12:05 a.m., 3 a.m., 5 a.m., 4 p.m. and 10 p.m. The 4 p.m. and 10 p.m. counts are known as "standing counts," during which inmates must stop what they are doing and stand up even if they are in bed. An additional standing count is held at 10 a.m. on holidays and weekends.


text:
Talk:Petr Brandl

Same as http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Johannes_Brandl
This is exactly the SAME painter already logged in well in Wikipedia under this entry: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Johannes_Brandl

there is no reason to have two entries. Brandl was a German-speaking painter in the bilingual kingdom of Bohemia --- hence both so-called "German" and so-called "Czech." He is, in effect, both. I would combine them by adding the category Czech painters and the links from this entry to the longer, original one. I am not certain how to do this myself, or I would.

title: Talk:Petr Brandl


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/20-20.by

Links

 * 20-20.by resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * 20-20.by is hosted on cherechen.by
 * cherechen.by resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 1 additions.


text:
xenization

Noun

 * 1)  The borrowing and integration of foreign linguistic elements into a language.
 * 2)  The process of integrating an organism into an environment containing other types of organisms.
 * 3) The act of spending time in a foreign culture.
 * 1)  The process of integrating an organism into an environment containing other types of organisms.
 * 2) The act of spending time in a foreign culture.
 * 1) The act of spending time in a foreign culture.
 * 1) The act of spending time in a foreign culture.
 * 1) The act of spending time in a foreign culture.
 * 1) The act of spending time in a foreign culture.
 * 1) The act of spending time in a foreign culture.

title: xenization


text:
kündigen

Etymology
From in the sense “to make known” derived from  now ; in the contractual termination sense not part of regular vocabulary before the 19th century and clipped from, ,.

Verb

 * 1) to cancel, to terminate (a continuous obligation)
 * 2)  to make known, to notify, to proclaim

title: kündigen


text:
Frederick Aikman

Frederick Aikman may refer to:

 * Frederick Robertson Aikman (1828–1888), Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross
 * Frederick Alan Aikman (1919–1991), Canadian World War II flying ace

title: Frederick Aikman


text:
Nonkululeko Mlaba

Nonkululeko Mlaba (born 27 June 2000) is a South African cricketer who plays as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler. She made her international debut for the South Africa women's cricket team in September 2019.

Career
In September 2019, she was named in South Africa's squad for their series against India. She made her Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) debut for South Africa, against India, on 24 September 2019. In January 2020, she was named in South Africa's Women's One Day International (WODI) squad for their series against New Zealand. Later the same month, she was named in South Africa's squad for the 2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup in Australia. In July 2020, Mlaba was named newcomer of the year at Cricket South Africa's annual awards ceremony.

On 23 July 2020, Mlaba was named in South Africa's 24-woman squad to begin training in Pretoria, ahead of their tour to England. In January 2021, she was named in South Africa's Women's One Day International (WODI) squad for their series against Pakistan. She made her WODI debut for South Africa, against Pakistan, on 20 January 2021.

In February 2022, she was named in South Africa's team for the 2022 Women's Cricket World Cup in New Zealand. In May 2022, Cricket South Africa awarded Mlaba with her first central contract, ahead of the 2022–23 season. In June 2022, Mlaba was named in South Africa's Women's Test squad for their one-off match against England Women. She made her Test debut on 27 June 2022, for South Africa against England.

In July 2022, she was named in South Africa's team for the cricket tournament at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England.

title: Nonkululeko Mlaba


text:
Ruka, Republic of Dagestan

Ruka (Рука; Kaitag and Dargwa: Рукьа) is a rural locality (a selo) in Dzhavgatsky Selsoviet, Kaytagsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 961 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

Geography
Ruka is located 23 km southeast of Madzhalis (the district's administrative centre) by road. Dzhavgat and Dzhibakhni are the nearest rural localities.

Nationalities
Dargins live there.

title: Ruka, Republic of Dagestan


text:
Amu Festival

Amu or the Rice Festival is an annual harvest festival celebrated by the chiefs and people of Vane which is the traditional capital of the Avatime people. It is located in the Ho West District in the Volta Region of Ghana. It is usually celebrated in the last week in the month of November to December. Others also claim it is celebrated around September or October.

Celebrations
There is drumming, dancing and singing during the festival.

Significance
The festival is celebrated on the harvesting of brown rice as its name implies. The people claimed they migrated from the Ahanta areas in the Western region and fought for the place they are now occupy from the original people.

title: Amu Festival


text:
Cynthia D. Belar

Cynthia D. Belar is a scientist known for her contributions to clinical psychology with specific focus on health psychology, clinical service, and education. She is a Professor Emerita at the University of Florida Health Science Center.

Among a multitude of awards, Belar received the 2008 Paul Nelson Outstanding Contributions to Education and Training Award for her contributions to psychology at the national level. Belar received the 2007 Career Service Contributions to Health Psychology, and was the 2000 Inaugural recipient of the Outstanding Contributions to Clinical Health Psychology from the Association of Psychologists in Academic Health Centers. She received the 1997 Educator Award from the Association of Psychologists in Academic Health Centers, and the 1996 American Psychological Association Award for Distinguished Contributions to Education and Training in Psychology. The Society for Health Psychology instituted an award in her honor in 2014, "Cynthia D. Belar Award for Excellence in Health Psychology Education and Training Archives" of which she is also the first recipient for her contribution to education and training programs in health psychology.

Belar is the co-author of Clinical Health Psychology in Medical Settings: A practitioners Guidebook, which she wrote in 1995 with William W. Deardorff, to provide an overview of the clinical health field and the issues that many people face.

Biography
Belar received her PhD from Ohio University in 1974. She received board certification in clinical psychology, and clinical health psychology. Between 1974-1983 and 1990–2000, Belar was the director of clinical psychology doctoral and internship programs at the University of Florida Health Science Center where she is credited with developing clinical psychology programs at the doctoral and post-doctoral levels. In 1984–1990, Belar served as the Chief Psychologist, and Clinical Director of Behavioral Medicine at the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program and established many integrated health programs.

Within the American Psychological Association Divisions, Belar is a fellow of Division 12 and Division 38. She is also a member of Division 35. Belar served as the president of the APA Division of Health Psychology and the American Board of Clinical Health Psychology. She worked for 14 years as the executive director of the American Psychological Association's Education Directorate and retired from this position in 2014. Among her achievements, Belar is credited for establishing the Graduate Psychology Education program, facilitating the development of guidelines for teaching high school psychology, and the development of principles for undergraduate psychology education. Belar served as the interim chief executive officer of the American Psychological Association between 2016 and 2017 after the previous CEO, Norman B. Anderson retired. In 2016 Belar became a Council of Representatives member who represented the APA Board of Directors.

Research
Belar's work is in the field of clinical service, education, and training. Her research interests include psychosocial aspects of illnesses, applied psychophysiology, and reproductive endocrinology. She believes that psychology graduate education involves training in how to conduct of scientific research, clinical practice, and the integration of research and practice.

Belar participated in writing the APA statement in response to the “Joint principles: Integrating behavioral health care into the patient-centered medical home” which shared concerns about the lack of reference to behavioral health care in the 2007 Joint Principles article. One article that Belar is most cited for is the "Self-Assessment in Clinical Health Psychology: A Model for Ethical Expansion of Practice" which proposes a self-assessment to identify if individual practitioners are ready to serve patients as psychology shifts from being a mental health profession to a health profession.

Representative publications

 * Belar, C. D., & Perry, N. W. (1992). The National Conference on Scientist-Practitioner Education and Training for the Professional Practice of Psychology. American Psychologist, 47(1), 71.
 * Anderson, N. B., Belar, C. D., Cubic, B. A., Garrison, E. G., Johnson, S. B., & Kaslow, N. J. (2014). Statement of the American Psychological Association in response to the “Joint principles: Integrating behavioral health care into the patient-centered medical home”. Families, Systems, & Health, 32(2), 141–142.
 * Belar, C. D., Brown, R. A., Hersch, L. E., Hornyak, L. M., Rozensky, R. H., Sheridan, E. P., Brown, R. T., & Reed, G. W. (2003). Self-Assessment in Clinical Health Psychology: A Model for Ethical Expansion of Practice. Prevention & Treatment, 6(1). Article 25a.
 * Belar, C. D. (2000). Scientist-practitioner≠ science+ practice: Boulder is bolder. American Psychologist, 55(2), 249.

title: Cynthia D. Belar


text:
User:Nancy0309

Nancy0309
I'm a Translation Studies MSc student at the University of Edinburgh.

My example citation
I read an interesting story on the BBC News site about Donald Trump and North Korea.

My example lists
Things I like:
 * watching movies
 * going shopping
 * reading

title: User:Nancy0309


text:
Senanayake family

The Senanayake family is a Sri Lankan family that is prominent in enterprise and politics. Along with many members who have been successful politician across generations, the family includes two Prime Ministers of Sri Lanka.

History
Don Spater from the village of Bothale became a successful mine owner. Making his fortune in graphite mining, he invested in plantations and in the arrack renting franchise. He assumed the name Senanayake and was awarded the title of Mudaliyar by the colonial government. His sons continued his business ventures, and was in the forefront of the temperance movement that transitioned into the modern independence movement led by his sons Fredrick Richard Senanayake and Don Stephen Senanayake following the brutal suppression of the 1915 riots by the British. Don Stephen Senanayake who lead the negotiations with the British Government, was elected the first Prime Minister of Ceylon in 1947, having won the first Parliamentary elections after forming the United National Party. On his sudden death, while in office, his son Dudley Senanayake succeeded him as Prime Minister and went on to server several terms.

Family Tree

 * Don Bartholomew
 * Don Spater Senanayake (1848–1907), Mudaliyar + Dona Catherina Elizabeth Perera Gunasekera Senanayake (1848-?)
 * Don Charles Senanayake (1878–1931) + Euphemia Grace Millicent
 * Ivy Senanayake (1911–1984) + Dr Edmond Asoka Bulankulame (1900–1978)
 * Visakha Bulankulame (1935–1999) + Tissa Wijeyeratne (1923–2002)
 * Maria Frances Senanayake + Fredrik H. Dias Bandaranaike
 * Effie Manthri Dias Bandaranaike + Sir John Kotelawala (divorced), Prime Minister of Ceylon, Member of Parliament, Member of State Council
 * Lakshmi Kotelawala + Henry Gerald Kotalawala
 * Ranee Dias Bandaranaike + Shirly Alwis
 * Nita Dias Bandaranaike + Seneviratne (divorced)
 * Ramachandra Dias Bandaranaike + Constance Don Carolis (divorced)
 * Fredrick Richard Senanayake (1882–1926), Member of the Colombo Municipal Council and independence activist + Ellen Attygalle
 * Richard Gotabhaya Senanayake (1911–1970) Government Minister, Member of Parliament
 * Phyllis Nedra "Girlie" Senanayake + Siripala Samarakkody, Member of State Council of Ceylon
 * Don Stephen Senanayake (1884–1952), Prime Minister of Ceylon, Member of Parliament, Member of State Council, Member of Legislative Council + Mollie Dunuwila Senanayake
 * Dudley Senanayake (1911–1973), Prime Minister of Ceylon, Government Minister, Member of Parliament
 * Robert Parakrama Senanayake (1913–1986) + Swarna Neela Senanayake (daughter of Fredrick Richard Senanayake)
 * Ranjani Senanayake + Ranjith Wijewardene (of the Wijewardene family)
 * Ruwan Wijewardene (1975- ), Cabinet Minister and Member of Parliament
 * Irushi Wijewardene (1972-) + Shastha Bulathsinhala
 * Shakun Bulathsinhala (2002-)
 * Rukman Senanayake (1948- ), Assistant Leader of United National Party, Government Minister, Member of Parliament
 * Ranjit Senanayake + Suwanitha
 * Vasantha Senanayake (1973- ), Member of Parliament

Other distant members of the family include;
 * Wijewardene family
 * Junius Richard Jayewardene
 * Ranil Wickremesinghe
 * Ranjan Wijeratne

Houses built by family

 * Bothale Walawwa
 * Woodlands, Colombo
 * Grassmere, Colombo

title: Senanayake family