text:
Toto Bissainthe

Toto Bissainthe (2, April 1934– 4, June 1994) was a Haitian actress and singer known for her innovative blend of traditional Vodou and rural themes and music with contemporary lyricism and arrangements. Born in Cap-Haïtien in 1934, she left Haiti at an early age to pursue her acting studies abroad. Her career started in theatre with the company Les Griots, of which she was a founding member in 1956. Les Griots was at the vanguard of négritude-inspired cultural institutions in France, and was the first African theatre company in Paris and the first to perform of Jean Genet's play "Les Nègres". She also worked with playwright Samuel Beckett, played a co-starring role in Raoul Peck's "L'homme sur les quais", and worked with other directors such as Roger Blin, and performed in several films.

With a groundbreaking performance in 1973 at La vieille grille in Paris, Toto Bissainthe established herself as singer-songwriter-composer, stunning the audience with her soul-stirring renditions of original compositions that paid homage to the lives, struggles, miseries and spirituality of working class and rural Haitians.

The singer and actress Toto Bissainthe was recognized by many as a champion of Haitian music abroad.

An artist in exile, Toto Bissainthe will be unable to return to the Haiti that so inspired her until the departure of Jean-Claude Duvalier in 1986. However, the multiple disappointments of the unending democratic transition and political infighting would forever embitter the outspoken artist, who had long dreamed of a return to help rebuild her motherland. Saddened by Haiti's social and political degradation, Toto Bissainthe's health would enter a downward spiral ending with her death from liver damage on June 4, 1994. The cause was cirrhosis, her family said.

Theatre
Toto Bissainthe studied acting in France where she founded The Griots with Roger Blain. This was the first black theatre company in France. Some of the plays titled in French included Papa bon Dieux, Les negres, Negres, negres, L’ombre de la ravine, and L’invite de Pierre, among others. She also had some roles in film, including Les tripes au soleil and En l’autre bord .

She began singing in 1962, after a return to Haiti. “Because in my family, we always loved singing and I missed it. I started a little bit by chance: in a hotel…and on that evening I remember that I sang a song”. She continued singing at that hotel once a week for three to four months in French and in Haitian Creole.

Music
Among her albums are Ti Lorai Cale released in 1976, Toto à New York from 1975, Toto chante Haïti from 1977, Haïti Chanté- Chant du Monde published in 1977, and others. Toto was constantly praised in the media for her music. In a 1967 Haitian newspaper, a journalist wrote the following praising her album: Toto Bissainthe will, at the very least, have the merit of having introduced through song to Haiti, a way that is only reserved to a minority. What will remain of this effort, the evanescent memories of an evening under the stars, a cry thrust in the desert? Do not blame her for lack of passion, but more surely our secular sleep. (Translated from French)

In a document about Toto’s album Toto Bissainthe chante Haïti, it is stated, “Toto Bissainthe sings, and the memory of Haiti becomes the memory of the world, or the universal human. Vodou is then revealed, tapped in each one of us” (Translated from French). Some lyrics include, “I cry for the mourning of Haiti/Haiti my dear, your children are dead/and the others are naked/Aytitoma, your blood is in the diaspora/The country is dying/Who will hold the mourning/Haiti has been blinded/Haiti stopped/Haiti was “zombified”/ Who will hold the mourning/Haiti, I call on you/I call on you as you call on me/That you call and reunite your blood/for the great Koumbite” Translated from French) . These are the words for the song Lied Van. This particular album has songs composed with a tamtam, a type of gong .

Toto Bissainthe was very often lauded for being a singer representing the black diaspora. In a newspaper clip from the year 1980, there’s an article titled Toto Bissainthe: The Sortileges of the Black diaspora which states, “Her creation has for ambition to refer to a lost freedom that has yet to be found. For having personally lived in Haitian exile, she searches for a certain authenticity in her music” (Translated from French).

In an interview she stated that she sings for the black people Simply because we must. What I speak of is unity. With colonization and all of the cultural alienation that we were subjected to, we became very separated. I see it all over the Antilles. There’s very little people who see themselves as Antilleans. They consider themselves Martiniquais, Guadeloupean, Haitian, Trinidadian, Cuban, etc.

Activism
Toto Bissainthe left her native land during a time of high tensions in Haiti. Francois Duvalier, known as Papa Doc, ran a fascist dictatorship in Haiti from 1957 to 1971. His son Jean-Claude Duvalier, also known as “Baby Doc”, succeeded him from 1971 until he was overthrown by a popular uprising in 1986.

In 1980 the Jean-Claude Duvalier dictatorship forbade all media cricism and began exiling journalists.

In La Vie Ouvriére newspaper, she spoke about her frustration regarding this matter. The interviewer asks her how is it that she was able to sing in Haiti, when he thought that she couldn’t. “I can return, but only for one show. I feel frustrated to not be able to give a popular show. So I will return. Right now, with everything that is being said about the regime, they have a bit more attention over their image. And that’s why I can return”, she stated. She then added “All of the people that I love, I would tell them what I want, against the government and all that, and [the government] wouldn’t find that worrisome because they know that the people don’t speak French…still that can still give some consciousness to some. But as soon as I would sing in creole, I would make more impact and they immediately banned me” (Translate from French) (Catala).

She went on to give a concert less than 2 months before the fall of the Duvalier regime at the Rex Theatre. At this concert she told people her message of justice, hope, love, life and revolt. The concert concluded with a standing ovation. She returned to Haiti indefinitely after the regime had ended.

In what she called a “slow return”, “she pursued creative work with the support of her spouse, the American journalist Michael Norton”. She also collaborated with artists and writers such as Syto Cavé and Lyonel Trouillot.

Personal life and death
Toto Bissainthe married American journalist Michael Norton; he died in 2008 at the age of 66 years. Toto is survived by her two daughters. Milena (who operates the official Toto Bissainthe web site) and Souqhaina, and her three grandchildren.

Toto passed away from cirrhosis at the age of 60 in 1994.

Discography

 * Toto à New York (Chango, 1975)
 * Toto chante Haïti (Arion, 1977, Prix de la chanson TF1 1978, reissued 1989)
 * Haïti Chanté - Chant du Monde (reissued, 1995)
 * Coda (reissued, 1996)
 * World Network Vol. 43: Haiti (with Ti Koka) (World Network, 1999)
 * Rétrospective (Créon Music, 2006)

Filmography

 * Les tripes au soleil, 1959.
 * Le théâtre de la jeunesse: La case de l'oncle Tom, Le, 1963.
 * La Noire de..., 1966.
 * L'homme au contrat, television series, 1974.
 * En l'autre bord, 1978.
 * West Indies, 1979.
 * Toto Bissainthe de Sarah Maldoror (5mn - documentary), 1984.
 * Haitian Corner, 1988.
 * An Alé de Irène Lichtenstein (16mm - 70mn - documentary), 1990.
 * L'homme sur les quais, 1993.

title: Toto Bissainthe


text:
Slavgorodskoye, Altai Krai

Slavgorodskoye (Славгородское) is a rural locality (a selo) in Slavgorod, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 3,557 as of 2013. There are 28 streets.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Slavgorodskoye, Altai Krai


text:
All My Puny Sorrows

All My Puny Sorrows is the sixth novel by Canadian writer Miriam Toews. The novel won the 2014 Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize, and was shortlisted for the 2014 Scotiabank Giller Prize, the 2015 Folio Prize for Literature, and the 2015 Wellcome Book Prize. Toews has said that the novel draws heavily on the events leading up to the 2010 suicide of her sister, Marjorie.

Plot
The novel recounts the tumultuous relationship of the Von Riesen sisters, Elfrieda and Yolandi, the only children of an intellectual, free-spirited family from a conservative Mennonite community. Yolandi, the novel's narrator, has always lived in her sister's shadow: whereas Elfrieda is a gifted, beautiful, happily married, and much celebrated concert pianist, Yolandi is something of a failure, with a floundering writing career and teenage children from separate fathers. Yet it is Elfrieda who suffers from acute depression and a desire to die, much like her father before her, who killed himself by stepping in front of a train. When Elfrieda makes a second suicide attempt on the eve of an international concert tour, Yolandi makes it her mission to save her sister, even as Elf begs her to accompany her to a Swiss clinic and enable her death. Yolandi writes: "She wanted to die and I wanted her to live and we were enemies who loved each other."

Awards and recognition
All My Puny Sorrows received widespread acclaim from critics. It received starred reviews in Library Journal, Kirkus Reviews, and Publishers Weekly and was a Reference and Users Services Association Notable Book. It also appeared on a number of year-end best-book lists, including The Globe and Mail, The Boston Globe, The Washington Post, The New Republic, and The Daily Telegraph. Reviewing for The New York Times, Curtis Sittenfeld said the novel's "intelligence, its honesty and, above all, its compassion provide a kind of existential balm—a comfort not unlike the sort you might find by opening a bottle of wine and having a long conversation with (yes, really) a true friend." Margaret Atwood praised the novel, calling it a "high-wire act": "What do you do when your beloved and brilliant sister wants you to help her leave this world because she finds her existence too painful? How do you make that into a believable, excruciating but sometimes wildly funny work of fiction?" Naomi Klein described the novel as "shockingly funny, deeply wise and utterly heartbreaking."

All My Puny Sorrows won the 2014 Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize. The jury described it as "a haunting novel of tremendous feeling, beautifully written and profoundly humane... Miriam Toews, a dazzling literary alchemist who manages to summon all the joyous and heart-breaking humanity of her characters, has produced a work of astonishing depth. Reading it is an unforgettable experience." The novel also won the 2015 Canadian Authors Association Award for Fiction and Italy's 2015 Sinbad Prize for Foreign Fiction.

All My Puny Sorrows was shortlisted for the 2014 Scotiabank Giller Prize, the 2015 Folio Prize for Literature, and the 2015 Wellcome Book Prize. It was longlisted for the 2015 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction and the 2016 International Dublin Literary Award.

Pauvres petits chagrins, the novel's French translation by Lori Saint-Martin and Paul Gagné, was a competing title in the 2019 edition of Le Combat des livres, where it was advocated by writer Deni Ellis Béchard.

All My Puny Sorrows, a film adaptation of the novel, commenced production on December 2, 2020, in North Bay, Ontario. The film, which was written, produced, and directed by Michael McGowan, stars Alison Pill, Sarah Gadon, Marin Almasi, Amybeth McNulty, Mare Winningham, Donal Logue, and Aly Mawji. It premiered at the 2021 Toronto International Film Festival.

title: All My Puny Sorrows


text:
Ralph Elmer Wilson

Ralph Elmer Wilson (April 14, 1886 – March 25, 1960) was an American astronomer.

Wilson was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, the son of Herbert Couper Wilson and Mary B. Nichols. He earned his B.A. from Carleton College and entered the University of Virginia in 1906, where he earned his Ph.D. in 1910 based on his work at the Leander Mccormick Observatory working with Ormond Stone. He then worked at the Dudley Observatory, then at the Lick southern station in Santiago, Chile in 1913, and by 1939 at the Mount Wilson Observatory. In 1929 he became the associate editor of the Astronomical Journal. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1950.

He published multiple papers on stellar absolute magnitudes, proper motions, and radial velocities of various stars, along with binary star systems and orbital derivations of spectroscopic binaries. Among his publications was the General Catalogue of Stellar Radial Velocities in 1953.

The crater Wilson on the Moon is co-named for him, Alexander Wilson and Charles T. R. Wilson.

title: Ralph Elmer Wilson


text:
Deborah Landau

Deborah Landau (born 1973) is an American poet, essayist, and critic.

Landau's "taut, elegant, highly controlled constructions" have been described as "confessional and direct, like Sylvia Plath and Allen Ginsberg." Her meditations upon yearning and selfhood are said to remind us "of the nuanced beauty of language." Jennifer Michael Hecht has praised her poems as "Terrificly smart, witty, and slightly terrifying." Nick DePascal asserts that Landau's work "accurately matches form to content" and "leads the reader down a particular path through style as much as the meaning of the actual words on the page...." Publishers Weekly has described her work as "haunting," "stunning," "dark, urgent, sexy, deeply sad, and, above all, powerful."

Landau's poems, essays, and reviews have appeared in The Paris Review, The New York Review of Books, The New Yorker, The Kenyon Review, American Poetry Review, The Best American Poetry, The Nation,The Best American Erotic Poems, The Wall Street Journal, Poetry, The New York Times, and The Nation, among other publications. Landau grew up in Ann Arbor, Michigan, graduated with distinction from Stanford University, where she was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, received a master's degree in English from Columbia University and a Ph.D. from Brown University, where she was a Jacob K. Javits Fellow in English and American Literature. In 2016 she was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship.

Landau's most recent books are Soft Targets (2019) and The Uses of the Body, which was published in 2015 by Copper Canyon Press and was a Lannan Literary Selection.

Deborah Landau is currently a professor and director of the Creative Writing Program at New York University.

title: Deborah Landau


text:
Cookbook:Boeuf Bourguignon

| France | Meat | Stews

Boeuf bourguignon (French for Burgundy beef) is a well known, traditional French stew prepared with beef braised in red wine (originally Burgundy wine) and beef broth, flavored with garlic, onions, carrots, a bouquet garni and garnished with mushrooms. It is one of many examples of peasant dishes slowly evolving into haute cuisine. Most likely, the method of slowly simmering beef in wine originated as a means of tenderizing cuts of meat that were too tough to cook any other way. Also, simmering these two ingredients together helps to create a unique and pleasant flavor.

Formerly, chefs larded the meat with lardons, but modern beef is so tender and well marbled that this time-consuming technique is rarely necessary.

French culinary expert Auguste Escoffier first published the boeuf bourguignon recipe once the dish became a standard of French cuisine. However, over time it has undergone subtle alterations, owing to changes in cooking equipment and available food supplies.

Ingredients

 * 1 kg beef (blade steak or stewing shoulder cut)
 * 3 large onions, chopped
 * 1–2 cloves of garlic
 * 300 g of chopped carrot
 * 300 g of button mushrooms
 * Bouquet of herbs: basil, rosemary and thyme tied with string
 * 2–4 cups of red wine
 * Salt
 * Pepper
 * Olive oil
 * Flour

Preparation

 * 1) Cut beef into large, 5 cm chunks. Season with salt, pepper and olive oil.
 * 2) Cook beef a small amount at a time in a dutch oven or large saucepan until it's golden brown on the outside. Remove each portion as it's done and set aside.
 * 3) Add onions and garlic to the same pot and cook till golden brown.
 * 4) Sprinkle with 2 tablespoons of flour. Cook a few minutes longer.
 * 5) Add 1–2 cups of red wine.
 * 6) Bring wine to a boil then simmer for 5 minutes.
 * 7) Add beef, carrots, herbs, and mushrooms.
 * 8) Add another couple cups of red wine and water (enough to cover the meat and vegetables).
 * 9) Cook for 2–3 hours, stirring occasionally. Remove surface scum as required.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Use leftovers to make meat pies or puff pastries.
 * Add a small amount of dried Trompettes de la mort (Craterellus cornucopioides). For a dish serving 4, 4 trompettes can be used depending on taste. Cut off parts that may contain sand, rinse, cut in small pieces, soak for 5 minutes in warm water and add to the dish after adding the wine. Can be used instead of garlic.
 * Use a low-fat cut of beef and serve with boiled potatoes or steamed rice on the side to lower the fat and calories of this dish.

title: Cookbook:Boeuf Bourguignon


text:
User:2600:1702:3ED0:D590:A83E:2B38:E22A:59A/Choose an Article

Article Selection
Please list articles that you're considering for your Wikipedia assignment below. Begin to critique these articles and find relevant sources.

Option 1

 * Red Flag Law
 * "Start" Class article
 * Sources
 * Sources
 * Sources

Option 2

 * Waco Siege
 * Article Evaluation
 * Sufficient sources already on page, just needs more clarification
 * Sufficient sources already on page, just needs more clarification
 * Sufficient sources already on page, just needs more clarification

Option 3

 * Ruby Ridge
 * Article Evaluation
 * Sources
 * Sources
 * Sources

Option 4

 * Article title
 * Article Evaluation
 * Sources
 * Sources
 * Sources

Option 5

 * Article title
 * Article Evaluation
 * Sources
 * Sources
 * Sources


text:
Talk:Dark Harvest (Invader Zim)

Untitled
I just deleted the statement that this was the episode which got Zim cancelled because another 2 halfs of the series still aired and because it was not cleanly written.

References in the Trivia section
I really, really hated to remove them because they obviously had thought and effort put into them, but unfortunately neither source actually indicated a referencial relationship to Invader Zim. We need something that definitively mentions Battle Royale influenced the collars in this episode. Ditto for Taxidermy being a reference to Roman Dirge. Sorry. CovenantD 06:53, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dark Harvest (Invader Zim)


text:
SC6 (TV program)

SC6, also known as The Six, was a rebranded hour of the ESPN program SportsCenter. The program aired weekdays at 6:00 p.m. ET and was hosted by former His & Hers duo Michael Smith and Jemele Hill. The show featured some elements from His & Hers and, like SportsCenter with SVP, is more freeform than other editions of SportsCenter. In addition, SC6 focused on the night ahead in sports, as well as breaking sports news as warranted.

History
SC6 was created to boost SportsCenter's ratings in the 6 PM hour.

On Monday, October 9, 2017, after calling for viewers who disagree with the Dallas Cowboys' decision not to kneel during the National Anthem to pressure them by boycotting their sponsors, Hill was suspended for two weeks, leaving Smith to host SC6 by himself for the time being. However, he instead opted to sit out the Monday episode, and Matt Barrie ended up hosting.

During the NFL season, SC6 is also seen Mondays in the same 6:00 p.m. ET time slot on ESPN2, due to Monday Night Countdown being aired simultaneously on ESPN (in the case of the latter program, it moved to its current 6:00 p.m. ET time slot in 2014, which resulted in the Monday editions of SportsCenter being moved to ESPN2).

On February 2, 2018, Hill announced that she would be leaving the show to work for ESPN owned The Undefeated, citing her desire to return to more "reporting".

Return to Traditional SportsCenter Branding
On February 5, 2018, following Hill's departure, Michael Smith became the solo anchor of the 6:00 p.m. ET edition of SportsCenter, which itself reverted to that title as the SC6 branding was dropped. On March 8, 2018, Smith announced that he would also be leaving the show effective immediately.

As of May 14, 2018, the 6:00 p.m. ET weeknight editions of SportsCenter are now co-anchored by Kevin Negandhi.

Reception
Despite initially doing well ratings-wise, SC6's ratings have been lower than the previous incarnation of SportsCenter since March. The Laughing Place liked the duo's chemistry in the pilot, but hoped future episodes would have more variety. Uproxx said the co-host Michael Smith "represents everything good about ESPN" and applauded both hosts for speaking out on race relations. Many in social media were upset when the series wasn't cancelled when other ESPN employees were laid off.

The series was put in the spotlight after Hill labeled then-current U.S. president Donald Trump a white supremacist, which led Trump to request an apology for this statement. ESPN supposedly wanted to keep Hill from hosting the following episode on Wednesday, but other hosts refused to anchor in her absence, so she hosted that evening. Amidst the controversy SC6's ratings experienced a significant decline of up to 40%.

In May 2018, ESPN announced that SportsCenter's 6:00 p.m. ratings had increased by 10% in the weeks following Hill and Smith's departure. In December 2018, respected ESPN executive Norby Williamson admitted that the network "miscalculated" in trying to center the show around Smith and Hill.

title: SC6 (TV program)


text:
Talk:Don Freed

The Pirate Song
There should be a mention of "The Pirate Song" in there somewhere; here in the United States, that's by far his most well-known song, having become something of a folk standard and being covered by numerous artists. FiredanceThroughTheNight (talk) 03:35, 10 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Don Freed. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.jonimitchell.com/MuchMusic94.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110714030554/http://www.manitobamusic.com/artists/donfreed to http://www.manitobamusic.com/artists/donfreed

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:53, 12 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Don Freed


text:
нива

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) field a wide, open space that is usually used to grow crops or to hold farm animals

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) farmland
 * 2) field

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) field

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) cornfield
 * 2)  field

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) cornfield
 * 2)  field

title: нива


text:
Talk:Daniel Kish

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Daniel Kish. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130707215133/http://news.nationalgeographic.com:80/news/pf/35464597.html to http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/pf/35464597.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:15, 6 December 2016 (UTC)

TV appearance
Daniel Kish was on TV once or twice. Was he featured on Stan Lee's Superhumans? Kortoso (talk) 04:39, 25 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Daniel Kish


text:
User:Daniypink/Choose an Article

Article Selection
Please list articles that you're considering for your Wikipedia assignment below. Begin to critique these articles and find relevant sources.

Option 1

 * Behavioral endocrinology
 * Article Evaluation
 * Article Evaluation

 * Has an alert that the article has issues
 * confusing or unclear
 * lacking context for introductory readers
 * Short intro, does not summarize entire page
 * missing comma
 * estrogen section is a weird bullet list without saying what the list is of
 * testosterone is classified as a male hormone while it is in both males and females
 * says there has been research on the link to aggression but not anything about what the link may be or what the debate is.
 * uncited claim that any man has more testosterone than any woman (do we want to use gender inclusive language? we should at least stick with male and female so it is clinical sex rather than implying gender)
 * going to have to look at the source of this list, (but not touch affection) seems like a weird add.  weird list over all.
 * uncited testosterone therapy sentence, also is increasing testosterone or decreasing? we will never know, because it is uncited.
 * so much about Kisspeptin, it should maybe be its own article. We could summarize or shorten this section if it is moved.
 * needs a more basic definintion
 * formatting a bit odd
 * Thyroid Hormones has a pretty good intro, will check sources
 * thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) paragraphs has no citations
 * order or formation of these sections needs to be changed so the sections under Thyroid Hormones appear like they are under thyroid hormones rather than as their own topics
 * Hyperthyroidism symptoms list needs source, but over all a good section
 * whats Thyrotoxicosis? and weird grammar in Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy
 * Diagnosis section needs to be reformatted and probably rewriten for clarity.
 * first sentence of treatment should use clearer language
 * Include side effects of medication? idk if necessary or not
 * might want more citations in the surgical procedure section
 * radioactive iodine might need more citations
 * beta blockers should maybe top the treatments section if they are involved in all of them.
 * what are glycosaminoglycans? needs less technical explination
 * potential side effects needs citation
 * causes links to another page so maybe its ok that they are not well explained?
 * should link to the adrenal gland page
 * adrenal hormones section needs citations
 * strange second sentence
 * should link to cortisol page, needs citations
 * just an end parenthesis without a beginning one)
 * weird formatting
 * no citations

 * Sources

title: User:Daniypink/Choose an Article


text:
Velvet Revolution (disambiguation)

The Velvet Revolution was a non-violent revolution in 1989 in Czechoslovakia.

Velvet Revolution may also refer to:

 * 2018 Armenian revolution
 * "Velvet Revolution" (song), a song from Tori Amos' 2007 album American Doll Posse
 * Velvet Revolution (organization), an activist organization founded by Brett Kimberlin

title: Velvet Revolution (disambiguation)


text:
Japanese/Lessons/Days

Counting the days of the month is really pretty simple — with a few exceptions. The first ten days generally follow the "native Japanese" counting stems. After the tenth of the month, all but the 14th, 20th and 24th follow the more basic Chinese-derived counting stems.

The first of the month is an exception, and simply must be memorized as such:
 * １日　ついたち

The second through tenth of the month follow the same native Japanese counting stems as used when counting generic items (つ,　つ,　つ, つ) or people. The ending "〜か" is simply one of the readings for the character for "日".
 * ２日　ふつか
 * ３日　みっか
 * ４日　よっか
 * ５日　いつか
 * ６日　むいか
 * ７日　なのか
 * ８日　ようか
 * ９日　ここのか
 * １０日　とおか

The rest of the days of the month, generally follow the normal pattern using the counters "いち", "に", "さん", etc., and the ending "〜か" is replaced with "〜にち". The numbers 14 and 24 use "〜よっか", not "〜よんにち" as one might assume from the pattern, and 20 uses "はつか", not "にじゅうにち".

Periods of days

 * "前" (まえ), which generally means "before" or "in front of", is used to indicate an amount of time ago.
 * "〜間" (かん) is used to indicate a length of time. It is usually dropped when unambiguous.

When periods of time are expressed in terms of "nights", the counter "泊" (はく) which means "night" or "overnight" in the context of staying somewhere, is affixed to the normal "いち", "に", "さん", etc.

The same character is also used for the word "泊まる" (とまる) which means "to stay" or "to stay over". As in English, this can be combined with "days", which is then read as the days of the week ("いっか", "ふつか", "みっか", "よっか, etc.).

title: Japanese/Lessons/Days


text:
User:Atrytone1650

I just joined Wikiversity in March, 2007. I'm an independent learner and very excited about this wiki project. I would love to live in a world where all human knowledge is easy to find and access for everyone (especially for me, of course). Though I'm not an expert on any subject, I'd like to help out with this project however I can.

My Wikiversity Vision
Wikiversity should show how different areas of knowledge are connected, and especially which basic areas of study will be useful for more specialized or advanced areas. When I first become interested in a topic it is usually because of some deeply exciting "big" question like "How do you build a nuclear reactor?". Certainly not something that can be answered in single article. A lot of background information is needed for the questioner to understand the answer to a question like this. A wikistudent should be able to use wikiversity to identify the feild of knowledge that would answer his or her question, and also be able to see what areas of knowledge will be helpful prerequisites to that feild. Atrytone1650 18:29, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

title: User:Atrytone1650


text:
Snowboarding at the 2015 Winter Universiade – Women's parallel giant slalom

The women's parallel giant slalom competition of the 2015 Winter Universiade was held at Sulayr Snowpark, Sierra Nevada, Spain at February 10, 2015.

Elimination round
The 16 best racers advanced to the elimination round.


text:
Wikipedia culture

Wikipedia has had an enormous impact on the ideas people have about an encyclopedia. It has created a whole new concept in collaboration all around the world. Users in many countries now can join the effort in creating knowledge and working together in a global wide project. Besides, it has created a new type of job (although not remunerated), the wikipedian.

Wikipedia popularized the concept of a wiki, a concept made possible by the MediaWiki software. After the growth of Wikipedia there has been a number of new websites based on wiki software, related and founded by the same foundation and some independent projects, as MediaWiki software is GPL. Examples are wikia.com, wikiversity.org, wikinews.org, etc. Also, many people in the world can contribute due to the fact that wiki projects are usually multilingual.

title: Wikipedia culture


text:
widzieć

Etymology
..

Verb

 * 1) to see
 * 2) to see
 * 3) to see
 * 4)  to see
 * 5) to see
 * 6) to see
 * 7)  to be seen
 * 8) to look at
 * 9) to see; to be able to claim; to notice
 * 10)  to seem
 * 11)  to please, to catch the eye
 * 12) to know, to be familiar with

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  to see
 * 2)  to see
 * 3)  to see
 * 4)  to see
 * 5)  to see
 * 6)  to see
 * 7)  to see
 * 8)  to see
 * 9)  ; (you) see
 * 10)  ; see?
 * 11)  to see oneself
 * 12)  to see each other
 * 13)  to see
 * 14)  to see oneself
 * 15)  to seem, to come across, to appear
 * 16)  to please, to catch the eye
 * 17)  one can watch
 * 18)  one can see
 * 19)  one can get to know
 * 1)  one can watch
 * 2)  one can see
 * 3)  one can get to know
 * 1)  one can get to know
 * 1)  one can get to know

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  to see

title: widzieć


text:
SAASTE Technology/Activities/Hydraulics

Systems & Control

Grade 8

Hydraulics
Syringes can be used to change the type & size of an input movement into a different output movement

ACTIVITY 1
Set up the investigation illustrated by the drawing above:

 * Use two 10-ml syringes with approximately 200 mm length of plastic tubing.
 * Use water in the system.
 * Use syringes A as the master cylinder.

1. Observe and write down what happens at syringe B: 2. Compare the distances

ACTIVITY 2
Repeat the investigation using a 60-ml syringe as the master and a 10-ml syringe as the slave.

2. Observe and note what happens.

3. Choose the correct options. If the plunger of the master syringe is pushed down 10 mm, the plunger of the slave will have moved:

A. 10 mm B. less than 10 mm C. more than 10 mm

Complete the system diagram below:

1. How is the input size changed?

2. How is the input type changed?

3. How would you describe the mechanical advantage that we get from a hydraulic system?

Author: Deon Kahn Editor: Osman Sadeck

title: SAASTE Technology/Activities/Hydraulics


text:
eyacular

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to ejaculate have an orgasm; to cum

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  to ejaculate have an orgasm; to cum

title: eyacular


text:
Cyril W. Beaumont

Cyril W. Beaumont OBE (1 November 1891 – 24 May 1976) was a British dance historian, critic, technical theorist, translator, bookseller, and publisher. Author of more than forty books on ballet, he is considered one of the most important dance historians of the twentieth century.

Biography
Cyril William Beaumont was born in London, brought up in a cultivated, middle-class family, and educated at local schools. As a youth, his parents directed him toward a career as a research chemist, but he was not a good student. Interested in theatre history, languages, and fine books, he abandoned his scientific studies to pursue a career in bookselling. In 1910, when he was nineteen, his father bought a small shop at 75 Charing Cross Road, in central London, and set him up in business as a seller of literary classics and rare books. There, he was introduced to dance by Alice Mari Beha, his shop assistant, who encouraged him to attend ballet performances by Anna Pavlova and Mikhail Mordkin in 1911 and by the Ballets Russes de Sergei Diaghilev in 1912. As a result, he became a budding balletomane. In December 1914, Beaumont married Alice Beha, who shared his interests and who was instrumental in making their business successful.

In 1917, Beaumont expanded his sphere of operations by founding the Beaumont Press and beginning to publish fine books of poetry, essays, and other literary works. However, as his affinity for ballet developed into a deep passion, the inventory at his shop gradually changed from a focus on general literature to a concentration on dance. He began writing and publishing articles on ballet and increasing his inventory of books on dance and the theatrical arts. By 1920 his shop had become a centre for ballet lovers as well as fans of other dance forms. With a large and diverse stock of books in dance literature, it was internationally known as a source of works in history, criticism, and appreciation of the art. It remained so until it closed in 1965, after fifty-five years of operation.

Over those years, Beaumont became a friend and mentor to countless dancers, teachers, and researchers throughout the world. Among his friends was the Russian ballerina Lydia Lopokova, who took him in 1918 to observe a class taught by the Italian ballet master and pedagogue Enrico Cecchetti. Beaumont was favourably impressed by what he saw. He soon became a friend of Cecchetti's and a strong advocate of his method of training students. At Cecchetti's urging, he spent the next four years working with the maestro and dancer Stanislas Idzikowski to codify and preserve the Cecchetti method of teaching. Their collaboration resulted in a technical manual (1922) that is still used today to train dancers around the world. Beaumont also worked as coauthor with Cecchetti-trained dancer Margaret Craske in producing work on allegro technique, published some years later.

In 1922, as Cecchetti neared retirement, Beaumont, along with Craske, Friderica Derra de Moroda, Ninette de Valois, Marie Rambert, and others, founded the Cecchetti Society, with the maestro himself as president and his wife as vice-president. Its purpose was to disseminate and monitor the master's style and method of teaching. The Cecchetti Society remained independent until 1924, when it was absorbed into the Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing, which now oversees the training of dancers in the Cecchetti method in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, and South Africa.

Beaumont was president of the Cecchetti Society for many years (1923–1970), editor of Dance Journal (1924–1939), and influential ballet critic of The Sunday Times (1950–1959). He also served as chairman of the ballet section of the London Critics Circle (1951–1961). Throughout his life he maintained a formal, somewhat reserved, demeanor in public—he always wore a neat suit and tie, and, in deference to his erudition, almost everyone called him Mr. Beaumont —but he was welcoming, friendly, and helpful to the patrons of his shop, whether they were famous dancers or student researchers. He continued to write after he closed his shop and remained a revered figure in the dance world until he died in 1976.

Selected works
Beaumont was a prolific author. He wrote and published numerous books on ballet and other kinds of dance, many as sole author and a few with friends as coauthor. He also wrote fairy tales and other books for children, as well as articles published in newspapers, popular magazines, and scholarly journals. His translations of classic works on dance from French and Italian are still valued today. His magnum opus was The Complete Book of Ballets (1937) and its three supplements (1942, 1954, 1955). Although no longer in print, it remains an invaluable source of accurate information on more than three hundred ballets of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

An extensive bibliography of his works by Katherine Sorley Walker was published in Dance Chronicle 26.1 (2003), 87–100. Selections are given herein.

As author or coauthor

 * The Art of Lydia Lopokova. London: Beaumont, 1920.
 * The History of Harlequin. London: Beaumont, 1922.''
 * A Manual of the Theory and Practice of Classical Theatrical Dancing (Cecchetti Method). London: Beaumont, 1922. With Stanislas Idzikowski as coauthor. Reissued as The Cecchetti Method of Classical Ballet: Theory and Technique by Dover Publications (Mineola, N.Y., 2003).
 * The First Score: An Account of the Foundation and Development of the Beaumont Press and Its First Twenty Publications. London: Beaumont, 1927.
 * A Bibliography of Dancing. London: The Dancing Times, 1929.
 * Enrico Cecchetti: A Memoir. London: Beaumont, 1929.
 * The Theory and Practice of Allegro in Classical Ballet (Cecchetti Method). With Margaret Craske as coauthor. London: Beaumont, 1930.
 * A History of Ballet in Russia (1613–1881). London: Beaumont, 1930.
 * Fanny Elssler (1810–1884). London: Beaumont, 1931.
 * Flash-back: Stories of My Youth. London: Beaumont, 1931.
 * Anna Pavlova. London: Beaumont, 1932.
 * A Short History of Ballet. London: Beaumont, 1933.
 * The Monte Carlo Russian Ballet (Les Ballets Russes du Col. W. de Basil). London: Beaumont, 1934.
 * A Miscellany for Dancers. London: Beaumont, 1934.
 * Michel Fokine and His Ballets. London: Beaumont, 1935.
 * Three French Dancers of the 19th Century: Duverny–Livry–Beaugrand. London: Beaumont, 1935.
 * The Complete Book of Ballets: A Guide to the Principal Ballets of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. London: Putnam, 1937.
 * The Romantic Ballet in Lithographs of the Time. With Sacheverell Sitwell as coauthor. London: Beaumont, 1938.
 * The Diaghilev Ballet in London: A Personal Record. London: Putnam, 1940.
 * Supplement to the Complete Book of Ballets. London: Putnam, 1942.
 * Vaslav Nijinsky. 2d ed. London: Beaumont, 1943.
 * The Ballet Called Giselle. 2d rev. ed. London: Beaumont, 1945.
 * The Sadler's Wells Ballet. London: Beaumont, 1946.
 * Ballet Design: Past and Present. London: Studio Publications, 1946.
 * Margot Fonteyn. London: Beaumont, 1948.
 * Dancers under My Lens: Essays in Dance Criticism. London: Studio Publications, 1949.
 * The Ballet Called Swan Lake. London: Beaumont, 1952.
 * Antonio: Impressions of the Spanish Dancer. With 20 photos. London: A.&C. Black, 1952.
 * Ballets of Today, Being a Second Supplement to the Complete Book of Ballets. London, 1954.
 * Ballets Past and Present, Being a Third Supplement to the Complete Book of Ballets. London, 1955.
 * A French-English Dictionary of Technical Terms Used in Classical Ballet. London: Beaumont, 1959.
 * A Bookseller at the Ballet: Memoirs, 1891 to 1929. London: Beaumont, 1975. His autobiography, incorporating The Diaghilev Ballet in London; a record of bookselling, ballet going, publishing, and writing.

As translator or editor

 * Arbeau, Thoinot. Orchesography: A Treatise in the Form of a Dialogue (1588). Translated from French by Cyril W. Beaumont. London: Beaumont, 1925.
 * Constantini, Angelo. The Birth, Life, and Death of Scaramouche (1695). Translated from Italian by Cyril W. Beaumont. London: Beaumont. A biography of Tiberio Fiorilli, an actor of commedia dell'arte, including detailed explanatory notes and background information.
 * Gautier, Théophile. The Romantic Ballet as Seen by Théophile Gautier. Translated from French by Cyril W. Beaumont. London: Beaumont. Gautier's notices of all the principal performances of ballet given at Paris during the years 1837–1848.
 * Lambranzi, Gregorio. New and Curious School of Theatrical Dancing (1716). Translated from Italian by Friderica Derra de Moroda. Edited by Cyril W. Beaumont. London: Beaumont, 1928.
 * Levinson, Andre. Marie Taglioni. Translated from French by Cyril W. Beaumont. London: Beaumont, 1930.
 * Noverre, Jean-Georges. Letters on Dancing and Ballets (1760).Translated from French by Cyril W. Beaumont. London: Beaumont, 1930.
 * Rameau, Pierre. The Dancing Master (1725). Translated from French by Cyril W. Beaumont. London: Beaumont, 1931.

Awards and honours
In recognition of his work in dance history, Beaumont received the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Award from the Royal Academy of Dancing in 1962. That same year he was named an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on the queen's honours list. He was also recognised and honoured by the governments of France and Italy for his translations of classic works and his studies of dance traditions in their countries. After being named to the Ordre des Palmes Académiques, for distinguished academics in the world of culture, he was made a Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur in France and was named an Ufficiale Ordine al Merito (Officer of the Order of Merit) in Italy.

title: Cyril W. Beaumont


text:
Olga Yakovleva (basketball, born 1963)

Olga Yakovleva (born 15 December 1963) is a Russian former basketball player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics.

title: Olga Yakovleva (basketball, born 1963)


text:
Hotea curculionoides

Hotea curculionoides is a species of shield-backed bugs belonging to the family Scutelleridae.

Subspecies

 * Hotea curculionoides curculionoides (Herrich-Schäffer, 1836)
 * Hotea curculionoides occidentalis Hoberlandt, 1997

Distribution
This species is present in India and Southeastern Asia.

title: Hotea curculionoides


text:
impôt

Etymology
, borrowed from, albeit with syncope.

Noun

 * 1) tax

Usage notes
While in English both impôt and are translated as, in French there is a distinction, not always observed. Formally, an impôt is a compulsory charge, such as assessed on persons – an income tax, a poll tax, or a property tax, and the like – while a taxe is levied on transactions, such as a sales tax or stamp duty.

However, usage is inconsistent, and taxe is often used generically to refer to all such levies, though this is decried by some as an Anglicism (due to influence from tax). See French Wikipedia articles on impôt and taxe for detailed discussion of formal definitions and usage.

The phrase «impôt et taxes» may be translated simply as “taxes”, or, if one wishes to emphasize a distinction, as “taxes and duties” (such as stamp duty).

title: impôt


text:
inblikken

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to can (to preserve)

Etymology 2
From, or.

Verb

 * 1)  to look into

Inflection
See above.

title: inblikken


text:
خشب

Noun

 * 1) wood, lumber, timber

Etymology 2
Denominal verb derived from.

Verb

 * 1) to lignify, to become woody, to become woodlike
 * 2) to line with wood, to panel, to wainscot

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) wood

title: خشب


text:
Kortenberg Abbey

Kortenberg Abbey, sometimes referred to as Cortemberg Abbey (founded 1095; suppressed 1798), was a monastery of Benedictine nuns at Kortenberg in the Duchy of Brabant. It is now a diocesan retreat centre under the name OAK: Old Abbey of Kortenberg. Since 2005 the buildings have had the status of a protected monument (number OB001683) under the Flemish organization for Immovable Heritage.

Foundation
The foundation, dating from before 1105 and traditionally dated 1095, was confirmed by Odo of Tournai in 1110.

Constitutional history
The abbey was an important location in the constitutional history of the Duchy of Brabant, as it was where the Charter of Kortenberg was confirmed and where the council met that was instituted to oversee the charter's implementation.

Tithes dispute
In 1129 Burchard, Bishop of Cambrai, awarded the parishes of Leest and Hombeek (now part of the municipality of Mechelen) to the abbey, with all tithes and other benefits. In 1707 the parish priest of Leest began to claim the tithes on newly developed lands in the parish, arguing that these could not have been included in the original donation. The resulting court case went to the highest tribunal in the Austrian Netherlands, the Great Council of Mechelen, with the monastery represented by the noted jurist Zeger Bernhard van Espen.

title: Kortenberg Abbey


text:
Farmers Business Network

Farmers Business Network (FBN) is a farmer-to-farmer network and e-commerce platform based out of San Carlos, California. The company was co-founded by Amol Deshpande and Charles Baron, and launched as a startup in 2014. Diego Casanello took over as CEO in 2024. As of 2024, FBN has approximately 80,000 farmers in their network throughout the U.S. and Canada. In 2016, FBN launched an online input buying system called FBN Direct. The platform aggregates data on seed prices and performances to assist farmers in agronomic resource management.

The company introduced their first non-GMO corn and soybean seed offerings with F2F Genetics Network in August 2018. Some farmer members have reported saving thousands of dollars through the purchase of FBN seeds. Later in 2018, FBN announced a partnership with Amazon.

In 2019, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue attended FBN's annual Farmer2Farmer conference in Omaha, Nebraska, and gave a keynote speech. The event saw nearly 4,000 attendees.

Anti-Competitive Interference by Incumbents

In February of 2020, a Canadian federal court issued subpoenas to a group of major agriculture companies in order to conduct an antitrust probe based on allegations that businesses cooperated in an attempt to block online farm-supply startup Farmers Business Network, Inc. (FBN).

In 2020, the Wall Street Journal reported that the Canadian Competition Bureau was investigating allegations that Bayer, BASF, and Corteva engaged in anti-competitive practices toward FBN in Canada. The investigation found that certain market players "engaged in communications with the goal of influencing manufacturers or wholesalers with respect to FBN."

Company Growth and Expansion

In 2022, FBN partnered with the Environmental Defense Fund to provide financing incentives for farmers who implemented regenerative practices. In 2023, the company launched an AI agronomy advisor to provide answers to farmer questions, such as combating pests, finding seed varieties, and preventing livestock diseases. Also that year, FBN opened a 198,000 square foot fulfillment center in Saskatoon. In March 2024, FBN surpassed $1 billion in financing provided through its farm operating lines.

Early financial backers for FBN included Kleiner Perkins and GV.

title: Farmers Business Network


text:
Mike DeLong

Michael DeLong (born June 10, 1952) is a former American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Maine Maritime Academy from 1979 to 1980 and at Springfield College in Springfield, Massachusetts from 1984 to 2015, compiling a career college football coaching record of 201–139–2. DeLong played college football at Springfield as a defensive lineman in the early 1970s before graduating in 1974. He returned to his alma mater in 1981 as an assistant coach.

title: Mike DeLong


text:
Topic talk:Turkish

I have listed all of your resources in the School of Language and Literature resource catalog--please post any further resources there! Thanks! --Trinity507 03:30, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

Please help us with the improvement of this article. Thelorien 18:21, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

I can help.I am a native speaker of Turkish D. Can Aktan 12:20, 16 June 2007 (UTC+2)

title: Topic talk:Turkish


text:
Talk:gyros

This really needs to be split up better. --Connel MacKenzie 22:03, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

So is the singular form gyros or is it gyro? This page seems to be ambiguous. --<IP_ADDRESS> 03:10, 12 May 2008 (UTC)
 * For which word? The singular for the sandwich is gyros; the singular for the physics toy is gyro. --EncycloPetey 03:12, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:gyros


text:
פוליגון

Etymology
From and cognates in other European languages.

Noun

 * 1) A polygon, a plane figure bounded by straight edges.

title: פוליגון


text:
Dora I

Dora I (Dora 1) is a former German submarine base and submarine pen or bunker built in Trondheim, Norway. Construction of the bunker (designated by the Germans as DORA I) was undertaken during the Second World War. Nearby is the uncompleted Dora II (Dora 2). Trondheim was traditionally referred to as Drontheim in German, and the name DORA is the letter "D" in the German phonetic alphabet.

Background
Following the occupation of Norway in 1940, it was soon realised that the country only had limited facilities for minor naval repairs. More extensive work usually meant a return to Germany. The capitulation of France two months later overshadowed the strategic importance of Norway to some extent, but it was still regarded as a better location for access to the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans than Germany. Nevertheless, better protection for U-boats from aerial attack was required so a bunker-building programme was instigated.

German U-boat bases in occupied Norway operated between 1940 and 1945, when the Kriegsmarine (German navy), converted several naval bases in Norway into submarine bases. Trondheim was an important U-boat base in Norway during the war. It was the home of the 13th U-boat Flotilla and it had 55 U-boats assigned to the flotilla during its service.

Construction
Construction of the bunker which would become part of the largest German naval base in Northern Europe, started in the autumn of 1941, one year after the invasion of Norway. The concrete roof was 3.5 m thick and reinforced with steel. The walls were also concrete but these were 3 m thick. The whole bunker was 153 x. The work was undertaken by the Todt Organisation's (OT) Einsatzgruppe 'Wiking' and the Sager & Wörner construction company from Munich.

The OT used slave labour extensively; five Serbian workers died when a wall fell on them. This incident fuelled a widespread rumor that the Germans simply left the bodies inside the wall. While German engineers did calculate that the five bodies would not weaken the fortification considerably, the bodies were removed before construction continued.

Difficulties with the labour force was not the only problem. The acquisition of raw materials was also a problem. Many Norwegian buildings were erected from timber so cement, sand and aggregate - components essential for the production of concrete - were often hard to extract in sufficient quantities. The steel required for reinforcing was mostly imported from Germany. The weather also played its part; roads and railways were often affected by snow and ice. Pre-fabricated accommodation units from Germany proved to be inadequate. More ships were delayed by the weather than enemy interference. Most construction machinery also had to be imported.

The bunkers in Norway were originally slated for a second floor to be built over the submarine pens. This was to house accommodation, workshops and offices. The idea was abandoned at the end of 1941 due to the problems already mentioned. The choice of site did not help either. Accumulated mud, on top of clay and sand layers proved to be incompatible with existing designs and was unstable ground so that the bunker had to be built in parts and stabilized before continuing construction.

Construction of a smaller bunker just west of it, Dora II (Dora 2), was started in 1942, but it was only half-completed by the end of the war. This building is presently used by a shipyard. Plans for a Dora III (Dora 3) in Leangen Bay (Leangenbukta) was postponed and construction never started.

In service
Dora I developed a noticeable sag of up to 15 cm which seemed to concern the builders more than the U-boat sailors. It was finally handed over to the Kriegsmarine on 20 June 1943 as the home base of the 13th U-boat Flotilla. The bunker, which could be hermetically sealed when attacked, had room for 16 U-boats. A number of U-boats surrendered in Trondheim at the end of the war on 9 May 1945.

During the war Allied bombing raids targeted German submarine pens (bunkers). In July 1943 an American bombing raid was conducted against the German base at Trondheim. Workshops in the area were destroyed, there was large material damage including on civilian targets, and the German reports were that they were set back three months in their construction plans (loss of materials and other damage would have contributed to delays on building Dora II). Only light damage was ever reported on Dora I. A British bombing raid was attempted in November 1944, but because of low cloud cover/fog and smoke laying by the Germans the bombers turned back and did not bomb Trondheim.

After World War II
After the war, Dora I was to be blown up using dynamite, but this project was eventually cancelled due to the massive construction and the sheer size of the bunker. Blowing it up would have caused serious damage to the surrounding buildings as well. In the summer of 1945 the Norwegian submarine force were transferred from Britain and Dora I was used by them until 1954, when they were moved to the submarine pens in Bergen. The base was used by the Norwegian Defence Forces; two extra stories, painted in blue, were added.

Dora I was converted into a warehouse and workshop building. Today, the former naval base is the home of the city and state archives, a bowling alley and several other businesses. The submarine pens originally built for holding German U-boats are now being used as a harbour for civilian boats.

title: Dora I


text:
Kacie Fischer

Kacie Fischer is the second woman to inline skate across the United States, a feat she accomplished in 2012. She is the fastest person to ever do so, skating from California to Florida in 47 days; the previous official record was 69 days, by Rusty Montcrief in 2002. Danny Dannels reportedly did it in 67 days, but that is unofficial. Fischer skated to raise money for the Special Olympics. In addition to skating, Fischer is a personal trainer, CrossFit Coach, fitness lead at Inline Warehouse, and professional tower runner (someone who races up stairwells of skyscrapers). She and Adam Cleveland, who was then her fiancé, started the nonprofit organization LiveGiveSkate.org. While at college she suffered from heart failure, which prompted her to begin a vigorous athletic regimen.

The first woman to in-line across the United States was Laura Clark, in 1997, from California to Virginia. This was done with the early hard plastic in-line skates and a hand held cassette tape player. This adventure was highlighted in 1997 by CNN’s Tim Wall before lap tops and cell phones were mainstream. Though in old news paper articles and a few video clips… the achievement was archived in Tim Wall’s 1998 American Voices documentary. The online journey was before the prolific ease of the digital age and social media. Laura Clark skated to raise awareness about child abuse and domestic violence in the IS. She later became the first female to skate across Alaska, in 2003, from Fairbanks to Seward, again to raise awareness about child abuse and domestic violence in the US. She stopped at many abuse shelters and schools and gave encouragement and hope across America including the Last Frontier.

title: Kacie Fischer


text:
древний

Etymology
, an yo-stem variant of.

Adjective

 * 1) ancient
 * 2) antique, very old
 * 1) antique, very old

title: древний


text:
Phostria memmialoides

Phostria memmialoides is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Venezuela.

title: Phostria memmialoides


text:
User:Qazi Tanveer Bhat

The Hyatt Regency Riyadh Olaya is a luxury hotel in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, built in 2017. The five-star hotel has 261 rooms and 39 suites. It has 1000 sq ft of space suitable for corporate and social events.

title: User:Qazi Tanveer Bhat


text:
René Goscinny High School

Lycée Français René Goscinny de Varsovie (Liceum Francuskie w Warszawie) is a French internationational school in Warsaw, Poland. It has two campuses: one houses the school administration, collège (junior high school), and lycée (senior high school). The other houses maternelle (preschool) and primaire (primary school).

It is directly operated by the Agency for French Education Abroad (AEFE), an agency of the French government.

title: René Goscinny High School


text:
Acrolepiopsis halosticta

Acrolepiopsis halosticta is a moth of the family Acrolepiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1914. It is found in Africa (Nyassaland, Ruo Valley).

title: Acrolepiopsis halosticta


text:
Greyscale (album)

Greyscale is the eighth studio album by German synthpop band Camouflage. The record was released on 6 March 2015 in Germany and on 27 March 2015 in the rest of the world via Bureau B label. It is the band's first studio album in nine years, following 2006's Relocated. Greyscale peaked at #14 in the German charts.

Background
Greyscale was recorded over a period of four years between 2011 and 2014. The album was first officially confirmed on 3 November 2013 as part of an announcement detailing the band's 30th anniversary plans, and was scheduled for a September 2014 release. However, due to delays in production and other events, the album was delayed until February 2015. Various snippets of new tracks were posted on the band's website throughout 2014. On 19 December 2014, details of the album's release were announced on the band's website.

Singles

 * "Shine" was released as the lead single from Greyscale on 20 February 2015. The music video for the single premiered on 6 February 2015. "Shine" was first previewed at a live performance in 2011, along with the album track "Misery".
 * The second single from Greyscale, "Count on Me", was released on 9 October 2015.

Review
"Greyscale, the new album from German synthpop legend Camouflage, blends melancholy and hope into a rich, beautiful tapestry. It reflects the best of the group’s signature sound while also updating it and giving it a contemporary spin. Considering the gestation period of this album (it’s been almost 9 years since Relocated was released), Greyscale doesn’t have the sound of an overly-fussed-over, sterile album that got tweaked one too many times. Rather, it displays a subtle beauty that shows a group that’s at top of its game. It’s the closest thing to a masterpiece I’ve listened to in quite some time. There’s no filler here."

—Modern Synthpop

title: Greyscale (album)


text:
Talk:Duncan J. Watts

Employment
Duncan Watts no longer appears on the faculty list at Columbia. Does anyone know his current position?

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Duncan J. Watts. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050402022840/http://cdg.columbia.edu/ to http://cdg.columbia.edu/
 * Added tag to http://labs.yahoo.com/files/w_s_NATURE_0.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091128141431/http://research.yahoo.com/Duncan_Watts to http://research.yahoo.com/Duncan_Watts

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:32, 5 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Duncan J. Watts


text:
Cookbook:Ukrainian Cornmeal Stuffing (Nachynka)

| Ukrainian Cuisine | Side Dishes

Nachynka in Ukrainian literally means stuffing. This dish is usually not stuffed inside anything, but served as a side dish.

Ingredients

 * ½ cup (125 g / 4.4 oz) butter
 * 1 cup (140 g / 4.9 oz) cornmeal
 * 3 cups (750 ml / 1.6 pints) homogenized milk
 * 2 large eggs
 * 1 tsp salt
 * ½ tsp sugar
 * 1 tsp baking powder
 * Butter

Procedure

 * 1) Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C).
 * 2) Melt butter in a pot on medium heat.
 * 3) Add cornmeal. Stir mixture to warm up the cornmeal.
 * 4) Add milk. Stir until mixture has thickened.
 * 5) Beat eggs. Beat in salt, sugar, and baking powder.
 * 6) Slowly add some of the thickened cornmeal mixture to the egg mixture while mixing to temper the eggs.
 * 7) Stir the egg mixture into the rest of the cornmeal.
 * 8) Pour the mixture into a greased casserole dish.
 * 9) Bake at 350°F (175°C) for 30–40 minutes or until the top has browned.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * While you are thickening the cornmeal mixture, you have enough time to beat the eggs.
 * Doubling the recipe will yield enough to fill a 2 litre casserole dish.
 * For different flavour variations:
 * Mix in a ¼ teaspoon of cinnamon.
 * Chop up a small onion and cook till tender in the butter, before adding cornmeal.

Warnings

 * Do not add the egg mixture to the cornmeal. Some of the eggs will cook on impact resulting in streaks of cooked eggs and a heavier Nachynka.


text:
SPM

SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping) refers to the construction and assessment of spatially extended statistical processes used to test hypotheses about functional imaging data. These ideas have been instantiated in software that is called SPM.

The SPM software package has been designed for the analysis of brain imaging data sequences. The sequences can be a series of images from different cohorts, or time-series from the same subject. The current release is designed for the analysis of fMRI, PET, SPECT, EEG and MEG.

SPM is made freely available to the [neuro]imaging community, to promote collaboration and a common analysis scheme across laboratories. The software represents the implementation of the theoretical concepts of Statistical Parametric Mapping in a complete analysis package, as a suite of MATLAB functions and subroutines with some externally compiled C routines.

Overview

 * SPM website
 * Overview of SPM from Wikipedia
 * Overview of SPM from Scholarpedia
 * Introduction to Statistical Parametric Mapping
 * History of Statistical Parametric Mapping in functional neuroimaging

Installation
Overview of SPM installation:
 * Download

System Requirements (hardware and software):
 * MATLAB version
 * Advice on hardware selection

Detailed installation and compilation on:
 * Windows 64bit
 * Linux 64bit
 * macOS 64bit

Instructions for older platforms: Windows 32bit, Linux 32bit, MacOS (Intel), MacOS (PowerPc), SunOS / Solaris.

Standalone version using the MATLAB Compiler:
 * Standalone SPM

Optimising your installation:
 * Optimising MATLAB/SPM

Containerisation:
 * Docker and Singularity

Miscellaneous:
 * GNU Octave
 * Julia
 * Python
 * Continuous Integration

Experimental Design for fMRI

 * Design efficiency
 * Block design
 * Event related design

Data Formats

 * Importing data from the scanner
 * DICOM Import

Preprocessing

 * Slice Timing
 * Normalisation

Modelling

 * Haemodynamic Response Function
 * Basis functions
 * General Linear Model
 * Correlation and Regression
 * Covariance
 * Autocorrelation
 * Non-sphericity
 * Session concatenation
 * Group analysis

Statistical Inference

 * F and T tests
 * Contrasts
 * Inference
 * Power Analysis
 * Correlation
 * Information to include in papers
 * Calculating Percentage signal change
 * Comparing a single patient versus a group of controls
 * Timeseries extraction

Voxel Based Morphometry

 * VBM (Voxel Based Morphometry)

Connectivity Analysis

 * Structural Equation Modelling
 * Psychophysiological Interactions (PPI)
 * Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM)
 * /The DCM Equation. 1. Motivation/
 * /The DCM Equation. 2. Dynamical Systems/
 * /The DCM Equation. 3. Networks and Matrices/
 * /The DCM Equation. 4. The State Equation/
 * Two-State DCM for fMRI
 * /Bayesian Parameter Averaging (BPA)/
 * /Parametric Empirical Bayes (PEB)/

Misc

 * How-tos
 * Atlases
 * Datasets
 * BIDS
 * Working with 4D data
 * Programming intro
 * Writing batch scripts
 * No Display Mode
 * Learning SPM: Courses, books and websites

Other tools

 * SPM Toolboxes and Extensions

title: SPM


text:
Louisiana's 10th State Senate district

Louisiana's 10th State Senate district is one of 39 districts in the Louisiana State Senate. It has been represented by Republican Kirk Talbot since 2020, succeeding fellow Republican Daniel Martiny.

Geography
District 10 is based entirely in Jefferson Parish along Lake Pontchartrain, including some or all of the Greater New Orleans suburbs of Metairie, Kenner, Harahan, Elmwood, and River Ridge.

The district overlaps with Louisiana's 1st and 2nd congressional districts, and with the 78th, 79th, 82nd, and 92nd districts of the Louisiana House of Representatives.

Recent election results
Louisiana uses a jungle primary system. If no candidate receives 50% in the first round of voting, when all candidates appear on the same ballot regardless of party, the top-two finishers advance to a runoff election.

title: Louisiana's 10th State Senate district


text:
Morgan Territory

Morgan Territory is an historic ranching area on the east side of Mount Diablo in San Francisco East Bay's Contra Costa County. It was named after Anglo-American pioneer Jeremiah Morgan, a migrant from Alabama and Iowa who acquired 2000 acres and developed a ranch here, starting in 1857.

The earliest historic occupants had long been small, highly localized tribes of Native Americans, who spoke dialects of the Bay Miwok language. During the Spanish and Mexican periods, the Native Americans were displaced and colonial governments made large grants of land to high-ranking officials. Americans began to buy such properties after moving into the area in the mid-19th century and later. Ranches for livestock and some farms were developed here.

In the mid-20th century, the large ranch holdings were being sold for suburban residential development. Concerned about the loss of open space, in 1975 the East Bay Regional Park District (EBRPD) acquired 930 acres of land to establish the Morgan Territory Regional Preserve, named for the historic area. During the following decades, it expanded this preserve to protect open space, habitat and watersheds for the public. The preserve now totals 5230 acre in area.

In addition, the adjacent Mount Diablo State Park, established in the 1920s, has been part of a trail network connected to the Morgan Territory Regional Preserve. It acquired management and oversight of properties known as Morgan Ranch and Morgan Red Corral in the late 1980s. These lands are related to Morgan's historic ranch and were held by his descendants into the late 20th century.

History of Preserve
Established in 1976 by the East Bay Regional Park District (EBRPD) as Morgan Territory Regional Preserve, by 2015 this park had been expanded to a total of 5230 acre. The Preserve constitutes an important wildlife and recreational corridor. Its area ranges east from Riggs Canyon and Mount Diablo State Park to the Contra Costa Water District's Los Vaqueros watershed and EBRPD's Round Valley Regional Preserve.

The original preserve was defined as fewer than 1000 acres and was located on Morgan Territory Ridge, east of Morgan Territory Road, and included the headwaters of Marsh Creek. In the late 1980s, it was expanded across the parallel Highland Ridge west of the road and into Riggs Canyon.

Morgan Territory's sandstone hills include the headwaters of Marsh and Tassajara creeks. According to the EBRPD, more than 90 species of wildflowers grow in Morgan Territory Regional Preserve. Particularly notable are the Diablo sunflower Helianthella castanea and Diablo manzanita, which are native to the foothills of Mount Diablo. Fauna include deer, coyote, an occasional mountain lion, and golden eagles. The preserve has expansive views to Mt. Diablo and Mount St. Helena to the north, and the Sierra Nevada range to the east.

Preserve trails are named for regional Native American peoples, such as the Volvon (one of five tribes in the Mt. Diablo area who spoke dialects of the Bay Miwok language); animals such as condor (molluk), prairie falcon, eagle and coyote; and for natural features related to the preserve's ranching history (Valley View, Blue Oak, and Highland Ridge).

Popular activities in the park are camping, hiking, horseback riding, and picnicking. A reservation is required to use the backpacking campsite, which is not wheelchair accessible. Picnic sites cannot be reserved. Dogs are allowed and no fee is charged for their admittance.

Additional features of the Preserve
The Morgan Backpack Camp was constructed in 2001 on the Highland Ridge Trail, a section of the Diablo Trail, at the former Cardoza homesite.

Morgan Sulfur Spring is in lower Curry Canyon of this Regional Preserve. It is located in lower Sulfur Spring Canyon, and drains from Windy Point to Curry Creek. It may have been named by Mary Bowerman, who designated it as "Morgan Sulphur Spring".

Related protected areas

 * Morgan Ranch - In 1989 Save Mount Diablo bought the 631-acre (2.6 km²) Morgan Ranch from Willard "Bill" Morgan and his wife Naomi; Bill is a great-grandson of settler Jeremiah Morgan. The non-profit transferred the ranch to Mt. Diablo State Park for management. This was the first and corner connection to Morgan Territory Regional Preserve. The Morgan Ranch extends from Marsh Creek over Highland Ridge, and descends west to Tassajara Creek in Riggs Canyon.

 * Morgan Red Corral - In 2004 Save Mount Diablo acquired the "Morgan Red Corral", another portion of the historic ranch, and transferred it to Mt. Diablo State Park. Located across Morgan Territory Road from the Morgan Ranch, it now serves as a staging area for this easternmost part of the State Park. In 2004 Save Mount Diablo honored Jeremiah Morgan by installing an historic monument about his role at the Morgan Red Corral property on Morgan Territory Road.

 * Joseph Galvin Ranch and 20-acre Moss Rock, acquired by Save Mount Diablo, were transferred by the non-profit in January 2012 to East Bay Regional Park District for long-term management and public access.

title: Morgan Territory


text:
Northern Arizona University/Philosophy of Law/Wikibook/International law papers: vol. 2

Draft of ideas for structuring the page:

Comparative law: think about the similarities and differences between different systems of constitutional law. In addition to examining our own consitution, consider whether or not there are suggestions for improving constitutional systems of law generally. Do we all face similar problems in the development of law.
 * 1)  Sovereignty of states:  a stumbling block for the development of international law?
 * 2)  Status of indigenous peoples within both constitutional and international law.
 * 3)  Relationship between private international law and public (the degree to which commerce between states shapes the development of public international law).
 * 4)  Human rights within constitutional law and international law.


text:
Tekeyan Cultural Association

The Tekeyan Cultural Association (Թէքէեան մշակութային միութիւն, TCA) is a network of Armenian cultural organizations active in 16 countries.

History
It was established in 1947 in Beirut, Lebanon, named after the poet Vahan Tekeyan. It aims to preserve the Armenian culture and heritage in the Armenian diaspora, and to promote cultural, spiritual and educational ties with the homeland, irrespective of political and ideological barriers. Hampartzoum Berberian, Gersam Aharonian and Barunak Tovmasian were among the founders.

The TCA is part of a network of similarly affiliated branches in North America, Europe, the Middle East and Armenia. The various branches have their own regional cultural centres, schools and publications. In the US, the Association publishes the trilingual weekly newspaper Abaka in Montreal, an English language weekly newspaper The Armenian Mirror-Spectator in Boston, Baikar Weekly, AZK, HayDzayn, Nor Ashkhar and Nor Or newspapers.

A TCA branch has operated in Armenia since its independence in 1991.

Awards
Tekeyan Armenian Cultural Association set annual awards to five spheres of culture: literature, music, fine arts, theatre and cinema. The "Diamond Ararat" medal was awarded to baroness Caroline Cox (England), benefactor Habet Torosyan (US), academician Fadey Sargsyan, duduk player Jivan Gasparyan for outstanding service in the promotion and development of Armenian culture.

The Tekeyan Cultural Association also grants Haykashen Uzunian annual awards.

title: Tekeyan Cultural Association


text:
Sir William Borlase's Grammar School Boat Club

Sir William Borlase's Grammar School Boat Club is a rowing club on the River Thames based at Longridge, Quarry Wood Road, Marlow. The club belongs to the Sir William Borlase's Grammar School. The club shares the boathouse facility with Great Marlow School Boat Club.

The club won the prestigious Fawley Challenge Cup three times at the Henley Royal Regatta.

The club has also produced multiple British champions.

British champions
Key= O Open, W Women, +coxed, -coxless, x sculls, J junior, 18 16 age group


text:
sesta

Etymology
. Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) the first hour past noon
 * 2) afternoon nap, siesta

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) pole, pike pole, hook used to drive or pole a boat

Etymology
From, from , feminine of , from. . Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) nap a short period of sleep, especially during the day

title: sesta


text:
Alabama cavefish

The Alabama cavefish (Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni) is a critically endangered species of amblyopsid cavefish found only in underground pools in Key Cave, located in northwestern Alabama, United States in the Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge. It was discovered underneath a colony of gray bats in 1967 by researchers Robert A. Kuehne and John E. Cooper and scientifically described in 1974.

On any single visit to the cave, no more than 10 individuals of this fish have been observed, and scientists estimate fewer than 100 are left. This species of fish is believed to be the rarest species of cavefish in the United States and one of the rarest of all freshwater fish, as researchers have failed to find the fish in any other location. The Alabama cavefish exists in a fragile ecosystem based on nutrient-rich guano of the gray bat.

Little is known of the reproductive habits and life history of the Alabama cavefish. However, researchers agree that the flooding of the cave triggers a hormonal change in the cavefish, prompting the fish to begin the reproductive cycle. Thus, variations in the frequency of the cave flooding negatively affect the survival of the species.

Unfortunately, the Alabama cavefish is in danger of extinction, according to both the ESA and IUCN listings. Conservation measures that have been taken to save the species from extinction include protecting the fish under the Lacey Act and limiting human disturbance of Key Cave, the species' critical habitat.

Habitat and distribution
The Alabama cavefish is one of the rarest cavefish species in North America. While the specific habitat requirements of the fish are unknown, it is known that the Alabama cavefish is a cave obligate, restricted to Key Cave in Lauderdale County, Alabama. Key Cave is the critical habitat of the Alabama cavefish. Cave habitats tend to be stable, with drastic changes mainly being associated with the inflow of water. Annual rainfall and flooding in the cave produce changes in water level, temperature, and food availability for the fish. Researchers speculate that the flooding may trigger a hormonal change in the cavefish for growth and reproduction.

Since the discovery of the cavefish, only nine specimens have been collected (all before 1983). Because very few individuals have been collected and observed, and the population is confined to Key Cave, the Alabama cavefish is believed to be the rarest of the American cavefish and the rarest of all freshwater fish.

Since the underground water system in the area is so widespread, researchers had hoped that the cavefish had dispersed to other sites. However, studies of the 120 other caves in the area, conducted since 1977, have failed to locate any other Alabama cavefish populations. No more than 10 individuals have been observed on any single visit to the Key Cave, and in the 36 visits from 1967 to 1998, the average was less than 4 per visit. The total number of individuals in the Key Cave population is estimated to be less than 100. Initially classified as vulnerable by the IUCN, its status has been gradually upgraded as its extreme rarity became apparent. The Alabama cavefish is currently considered critically endangered by the IUCN. Two reports of these fish in a nearby cave, Collier Cave, are still unconfirmed. Both Key Cave and Collier Cave are protected and inaccessible to the public.

Because its known range is limited to a single cave, the Alabama cavefish has an uncertain future, being threatened by changes in groundwater quality and level, changes in aquifer characteristics, and diminished organic input, as well as competition and predation. It also may compete for resources with the syntopic southern cavefish (Typhlichthys subterraneus), which is more abundant and aggressive. Furthermore, cave crayfish feed on Alabama cavefish.

Physiology
The Alabama cavefish is roughly 7.2 cm in length and has no eyes or discernible pigmentation, appearing semitransparent with a slight pink hue. Its large head makes up more than one-third of its length. The Alabama cavefish is the only species in its genus and can be distinguished from other cavefish by its elongated, flattened head with a laterally constricted snout and a terminal mouth. The Alabama cavefish lacks pelvic fins, and its fin rays are unbranched with the fin membranes deeply incised between the rays. It has an elaborate system of sensory papillae arranged in ridges on the head and sides, an adaptation to the dark environment of the cave. The Alabama cavefish has the most highly developed caudal sensory papillae in the family Amblyopsidae.

Diet
The diet of the Alabama cavefish, which consists of copepods, isopods, amphipods, and smaller cavefish, is supported by the nutrient-filled bat guano. It also can survive on other small organisms such as mites, spiders, millipedes, beetles, and other insects.

Life history and reproduction
There is little information available on both the life history and reproductive cycle of the Alabama cavefish. It is hypothesized that, because of the jugular position of the vent and the size of the branchial chamber, the Alabama cavefish practices branchial incubation, or mouth-brooding. The Alabama cavefish, like most fish, utilizes seasonal cues to trigger hormonal changes that lead to its growth and reproduction. While most fish rely on a large change in water temperature or photoperiod, the Alabama cavefish mainly relies on the flooding of the cave in the winter and spring.  This flooding results in an increased inflow of water into the cave and a small temperature change, signaling to the cavefish to begin reproduction. Even with these cues, reproduction does not occur every year for the Alabama cavefish. In years when reproduction does occur, only a few eggs are produced per female. Assumptions about the life history of the Alabama cavefish are largely based on information from the Northern cavefish, which sees only about 20% of the females spawn in a given year. It is hypothesized that the population growth for the Alabama cavefish is less than half of that of the Northern cavefish. Furthermore, the maximum longevity of the Alabama cavefish is estimated to be around 5–10 years; however, this estimate could be off by a factor of 3 or 4.

Endangered Species Act
The Alabama cavefish was first listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act in 1977. Following further assessment of the species' range and changing environmental conditions, the cavefish was considered an endangered species in 1988. By 1990, a recovery plan was created for the fish, which stipulates that the species would be down-listed when the following three criteria are met: (1) three other viable populations are found in discontinuous aquatic systems outside the Key Cave area, (2) the aquifer recharge areas for all four populations are protected, and (3) all four populations are demonstrated to be stable or increasing over at least a 20-year period.

In 2019, amendments to the recovery plan were made that changed the criteria for down-listing and created a criterion for delisting. For the cavefish to be down-listed, the criteria now stipulate that: (1) the species must demonstrate a stable or increasing trend in the existing Key Cave population, (2) two more cavefish populations must be created, and (3) the aquifer recharge areas must be delineated, mapped, and protected. In order for the cavefish to be delisted entirely, however, the aquifer recharge area must be protected by a conservation mechanism for at least one of the new populations and all other threats to the cavefish must be addressed or managed, allowing viability for the foreseeable future.

International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List
The Alabama cavefish was first listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 1986 as vulnerable and remained in that category following re-evaluation in 1988. Two years later, in 1990, the status of the cavefish was reassessed and upgraded to endangered, which was then again confirmed by a reassessment in 1994. In 1996, the Alabama cavefish was again upgraded to critically endangered due to its lack of extent (100 sq. km), low population size, and numerous habitat challenges. The species was last assessed in April 2012, and although its population trend is stable, it is still listed as critically endangered.

Conservation
There are a few current conservation measures put in place to protect the Alabama cavefish. Along with being listed under the ESA, the species is protected by the Lacey Act. This makes it unlawful to import, export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or purchase (alive or dead, including parts, products, eggs, or offspring) the Alabama cavefish. Secondly, The Tennessee Valley Authority, which owns the two entrances to the caves, has installed a fence to limit human disturbance. Lastly, in 1997, the Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) was established. The Key Cave NWR aims at ensuring the biological integrity of the cave by protecting the sinkholes that carry surface water directly into the aquifer of the cave.

Human impact
The largest human-induced threat to the survival of the Alabama cavefish is groundwater contamination within the recharge area of Key Cave. The recharge area is the place where water seeps into the ground and refills the aquifer. A major source of contamination is the chemicals used to cultivate crops grown in the areas surrounding the cave. Furthermore, the collection of the species by amateurs or for scientific purposes poses a major threat due to the already small population size.

Factors likely to cause extinction
Many factors that are likely to cause the extinction of the Alabama cavefish are associated with the recharge zone of the Key Cave. The degradation of the groundwater due to agrochemicals and the decreasing level of groundwater limit the entry and cycling of uncontaminated water into Key Cave. The alteration of flood cycles within the aquifer often leads to unsuccessful cavefish reproduction. Furthermore, the Gray bat, Myotis grisescens, which is also protected under the ESA, provides nutrients to the Alabama cavefish through its guano. Therefore, the threats facing this bat species also impact the Alabama cavefish and its fuel source. All of these factors, combined with the already small population size and limited home range, pose severe threats to the Alabama cavefish.

title: Alabama cavefish


text:
Deybuk

Deybuk (Дейбук; Dargwa: ДейбукI) is a rural locality (a selo) in Sagasi-Deybuksky Selsoviet, Kayakentsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 435 as of 2010.

Nationalities
Dargins live there.

Geography
Deybuk is located 8 km southwest of Novokayakent (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kishcha and Meusisha are the nearest rural localities.

title: Deybuk


text:
Talk:Douglas Bell (politician)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Douglas Bell (politician). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070828094013/http://www.gov.yk.ca/commissioner/history.html to http://www.gov.yk.ca/commissioner/history.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:41, 13 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Douglas Bell (politician). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110717033201/http://yukon-news.com/news/9388/ to http://yukon-news.com/news/9388/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:06, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Douglas Bell (politician)


text:
User:Colorfulandfree01

I mostly edit and help polish Wikipedia articles until I learn to make one of my own. I am new to computer coding, but I tend to learn new skills quickly.

title: User:Colorfulandfree01


text:
User:BIGG D PLAYMAN/sandbox

WHY SHOULD EDUCATION IN AFRICA BE FOCUSED ON PRINCIPLES OF OTHER PEOPLE?

AS I ENROLLED THROUGH MA BASIC EDUCATION IN GHANA WEST AFRICA I REALIZED ALL THAT WE WERE THOUGHT IN SCHOOL WAS ABOUT THE PRINCIPLES OF PEOPLE THROUGH OUT THEIR LIVES

I BELIEVE WHAT EVER THEY TAUGHT THE WORLD WILL NOT HAVE IMPACT IN THE NEXT GENERATIONS TO COME DUE TO THE TIME FACTOR

AS I WENT THROUGH TERTIARY EDUCATION THE BOOKS WE USED FOR LECTURES WERE ALL ABOUT WHAT OTHER PEOPLE THINK? WHY SHOULD I LIVE BY SOMEBODY'S THINKING? THAT IS NOT REAL I BELIEVE THE EDUCATION SYSTEM SHOULD ENCOURAGE STUDENTS TO EXPLORE THEIR IDEAS AND THINKING THIS WILL HELP THEM TO BE ABLE TO PURSUE THEIR DESIRED DREAMS WHICH WILL GIVE THEM THE PROPER BENEFITS OF EDUCATION

BIGG D PLAYMAN 10/02/2015 THANK YOU

WHY SHOULD EDUCATION IN AFRICA BE FOCUSED ON PRINCIPLES OF OTHER PEOPLE?

AS I ENROLLED THROUGH MA BASIC EDUCATION IN GHANA WEST AFRICA I REALIZED ALL THAT WE WERE THOUGHT IN SCHOOL WAS ABOUT THE PRINCIPLES OF PEOPLE THROUGH OUT THEIR LIVES

I BELIEVE WHAT EVER THEY TAUGHT THE WORLD WILL NOT HAVE IMPACT IN THE NEXT GENERATIONS TO COME DUE TO THE TIME FACTOR

AS I WENT THROUGH TERTIARY EDUCATION THE BOOKS WE USED FOR LECTURES WERE ALL ABOUT WHAT OTHER PEOPLE THINK? WHY SHOULD I LIVE BY SOMEBODY'S THINKING? THAT IS NOT REAL I BELIEVE THE EDUCATION SYSTEM SHOULD ENCOURAGE STUDENTS TO EXPLORE THEIR IDEAS AND THINKING THIS WILL HELP THEM TO BE ABLE TO PURSUE THEIR DESIRED DREAMS WHICH WILL GIVE THEM THE PROPER BENEFITS OF EDUCATION

BIGG D PLAYMAN 10/02/2015 THANK YOU

title: User:BIGG D PLAYMAN/sandbox


text:
الهند

Etymology
From, from , from. It is one of the Arabic country names which require the definite article.

Proper noun

 * 1)  India (the country)
 * 2)  East Indians (the people)

title: الهند


text:
Pervomayskoye, Kayakentsky District

Pervomayskoye (Первомайское; Уьч-Авлакъ, Üç-Avlaq) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kayakentsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 8,930 as of 2010. There are 90 streets.

Geography
Pervomayskoye is located 20 km northwest of Novokayakent (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sagasi-Deybuk and Izberbash are the nearest rural localities.

Nationalities
Dargins live there.

title: Pervomayskoye, Kayakentsky District


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Sky Pirates

The result of the debate was delete. W.marsh 00:23, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

The Sky Pirates
Delete as NN band. Contested. The article claims that a couple of band members are notable for work outside the band, but gives no reason to believe that the band itself meets WP:MUSIC. Bugwit grunt / scribbles 00:33, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, not many hits for the band and the members of the band dont sound very notable: writers of tv shows and someone who was "closely associated" with another drummer -- Astrokey44 |talk 00:59, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity, get rid of it.--Alhutch 01:17, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete - The band itself fails WP:MUSIC, and isn't notable. Seems like the article tries to assert notability by mentioning what some of the members/writers do, but that doesn't make the band pass MUSIC. -- light  darkness (talk) 01:30, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete del.Blnguyen | Have your say!!! 03:07, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-notable band, fails WP:MUSIC -- T B C [[Image:Confused-tpvgames.gif|18px|]] ???  ???   ??? 05:12, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. --Khoikhoi 06:33, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn band. Fails to meet WP:MUSIC criteria. --Ter e nce Ong 09:19, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. → A z a  Toth 15:06, 22 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
User:CurrentWeather

Hello! I am a student, a senior in High School to be exact, and I am studying to become a Meteorologist. I am extremely interested in all weather topics and I will dabble in the Current Events Portal for other breaking news events.

title: User:CurrentWeather


text:
Indonesian/Lessons/School

^ Indonesian ^ | << Lesson 9: My Home | Lesson 10: At School | Lesson 11: What Time Is It? >>

Enseignement de l'indonésien/Leçons/L'école

title: Indonesian/Lessons/School


text:
Charmaine Royal

Charmaine DM Royal is an American geneticist and Associate Professor at the Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy and the Department of African and African American Studies at Duke University. She studies the intersections of race, ethnicity, ancestry genetics, and health, especially as they pertain to historically marginalized and underrepresented groups in genetic and genomic research; and genomics and global health. Her major interest is in addressing root causes and implementing sustainable solutions regarding problems of race and racism in research, healthcare, and society. Royal is a Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) Independent Expert Committee (IEC) member appointed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and is a 2020 Ida Cordelia Beam Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of Iowa.

Early life and education
Royal earned her bachelor's degree in microbiology, master's degree in genetic counseling in 1992, and doctorate in human genetics from Howard University in 1997. She completed her postgraduate training in bioethics and ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) research at the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) of the NIH, as well as training in behavioral medicine and epidemiology at the Howard University Cancer Center.

Research and career
Royal investigates race, racism, genetics and health disparities, within the United States and globally. While at the National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Royal was a member of the International HapMap Project and worked alongside Charles Rotimi of H3Africa. Her research focused on the genetics and health of African Americans, and ethical implications of African American genealogical study.

Academic service
During her time at Duke University, Royal has served as an Associate Professor of African & African American Studies, Family Medicine & Community Health, Global Health, and Biology. In addition, she is core faculty in the Duke Initiative for Science & Society, faculty in the Social Science Research Institute where she directs the Center for Truth, Racial Healing & Transformation, and the Center on Genomics, Race, Identity, Difference. Royal is also a senior fellow at the Kenan Institute for Ethics, a 2020 Ida Cordelia Beam Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of Iowa, an ad hoc member of the Jackson Heart Study Community Ethics Advisory Board, and a contributing member of the 1000 Genomes Project Consortium. She also serves on the Ethics Advisory Board at Illumina, Inc.

Awards and honors

 * 2009 Duke University Greenwall Faculty Scholar in Bioethics
 * 2013 Duke University Thomas Langford Lectureship Award

title: Charmaine Royal


text:
Using Firefox/Plug-ins

What is a Plugin?
Firefox requires plugins in order to read or display special content from the websites. Plugins are programs that are integrated into Firefox that allows websites to provide content to you. Such content includes flash videos, java games and streaming video from the Internet. Examples of plugins are Flash, RealPlayer, and Java. Plugins are a necessary component to truly access the Internet's interactive stuff.

A much more comprehensive list of plugins, with detailed installation instructions, is available at Mozilla Update. Another valuable resource is Mozdev Plugins.

What is Current Version Plugin?
Firefox plugins should be updated to latest version. Firefox plugin check page will find the latest update of plugins. Having said that, There are few plugins will be given as unknown plugins if Firefox is unable to recognize. These unknown plugins should be updated manually by finding the current version plugin in search engine. Any plugin update can be found by prefixing keyword current version plugin in search engine.

Close Firefox before installing plugins
Firefox should be closed before running any plugin installation programs, as existing files may be overwritten during the installation process.

Using XPInstall to install plugins
Some plugins are available as XPInstall packages (XPIs), the same format as that for extensions. Where XPIs are available, it is recommended you use them as they often install the plugin automatically without you having to restart Firefox. After the XPI has finished installing, you should restart your browser.

Checking which plugins you have installed
To check what plugins you have installed, simply type about:plugins in the Location bar. This page will show which plugins are installed, what file types they are associated with and if the plugin is enabled or disabled.

Adobe PDF Reader
In order to read .pdf files, you need to install a pdf reader. Adobe Reader, one of the more popular software, can do this. Simply go to Adobe's official site and download Adobe Reader. With Firefox closed, install Adobe Reader and it will also install the plugin necessary for Firefox to view PDF files. No other steps are necessary. Firefox will now open all PDFs from within a Firefox tab.

If you install Adobe Reader after Firefox, Adobe Reader will automatically select the right plugin. If you already have the latest version of Adobe Reader installed then Firefox will automatically use the plugin. Some people have problems with the Adobe Reader plugin in Firefox. The explanation and solution is here.

Java
The Java Plugin is part of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE, for short). The JRE installer will install the Java Plugin for Netscape 7.2 and Mozilla automatically.

To get the it simply go to java.com and click the "Download Now!" button to download and install the latest JRE.

Macromedia Shockwave Player
Simply go to the Macromedia Shockwave [http://sdc.shockwave.com/shockwave/download/download.cgi? site] and download the plugin. When you are installing it, Firefox will appear in the list of browsers that you can install the plugin for. (Remember, Firefox should be closed when installing).

Quicktime Player (Windows & Mac)
Simply go to Apple's (the developer of Quicktime) website and download Quicktime. Installing Quicktime will install the appropriate plugin in order for Firefox to view .mov files.

RealPlayer
Simply go to Real's (the developer of RealPlayer) website and download the program. The RealPlayer installer will automatically detect your browser's plugins folder and install the plugin.

Uninstalling Plugins
A list of your installed plugins can be obtained from about:plugins. As a general rule, to remove a plugin, you remove the file listed in about:plugins for it. Typically a .dll file.

On a XP machine this can typically be found at c:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\plugins

Firefox/Plug-ins Mozilla Firefox/Plug-ins

title: Using Firefox/Plug-ins


text:
Wikiversity:Threaded discussions with NavFrames with subst with depth/20070520033437

testing two
NavHead This revision =<PHONE_NUMBER>3501
 * Comment:

--Hillgentleman|Talk 03:35, 20 May 2007 (UTC) previous replies to this comment
 * reply[]