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Talk:Jan Broekman

Correct name
Jan M. Broekman is the correct and widely known name of the person about which this Wikipedia article informs. This should be mentioned, because the “M.” is sometimes left out and this leads to mixing-up with the name Jan Broekman, the Vice-President Global Engineering at CB&I. Jan M. Broekman has been lecturing and teaching in many countries, so that one cannot just fixate him to one or two countries, as was the case with the earlier, legally incorrect description “a Dutch-Belgian Philosopher”. Moreover, he is a Legal Scientist as well as a Social Scientist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Meinolf Wewel (talk • contribs) 09:54, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

Jan M. Broekman
“Jan M. Broekman” is the globally recognized name of the philosopher about which this Wikipedia article informs. This name is connected to all his publications, and is also used in the German Wikipedia pages. This has to be highlighted because when the name’s “M.” is missing, a swap with Jan Broekman who is “Vice-President Global Engineering at CB&I” can easily cause problems.

The paragraph “Life and Work” offered originally the following notes:

Jan Maurits Broekman (*1931 The Netherlands) is philosopher, legal- and social scientist. He lives in Belgium since 1968 and worked three decades at the “Katholieke Universiteit Leuven” in Leuven (Louvain), Belgium. He is best known for his 1971 work on Structuralism and his 1979 Law and Anthropology, in which he unveiled the foundations of law being concealed in a specific image of man, which law maintains. That study of images inspired him in the 21st century to represent contemporary semiotics in legal science and in legal education.

Changes caused by Gidonb, who applied the rules of the English Wikipedia pages, caused the above differences, as they also disrespected the European differentiation between Legal Sciences and Social Sciences.

--Meinolf Wewel (talk) 13:40, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jan Broekman


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Talk:Lounge music

flag this article
I don't know how to flag articles. This one is terribly unencyclopedic. Take this sentence for example, "Rocko's Modern Life had the coolest lounge episode."

What the........ seriously I can't believe this article isn't even flagged. Little help??

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

This is an incredibly ridiculous article, very unprofessional in nature, provides aboslutely no information about the genre.

 * Can we get someone who actually knows a little about lounge to edit this? - <IP_ADDRESS> 20:39, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

I agree with the two posters above. This article conflates the post-1990s 'Lounge Music' genre with 'Lounge Singing.' They should be two separate articles because they are completely separate topics.MontanaMax (talk) 01:32, 6 May 2008 (UTC)Montana MaxMontanaMax

Definitions
The bulk of this article should be transposed into pop music.

This article truly misses the point: the vocal material the author sees as lounge is really what was middle aged folks' vocal pop.

The lounge material was really just instrumental music, and was called such in the period or was called "exotica." Apparently, the authors have confused the word lounge singer, a term for pop singers, for a general subgenre, lounge. User:Dogru144 15:25, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Restoration of actually existing Categories / error in wikipedia cross-reference capabilities
several categories, such as camp, Capitol Records, kitch were remover. They are now being restored. Whether they are red and appear as non-existence is an error of the wikipedia cross referencing system. If you doubt that there is an article on Capitol Records, which was the US distributor of artists such as Frank Sinatra, Nat King Cole or the Beatles, go search in wikipedia for Capitol Records. Dogru144 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I removed the categories, but I don't quite understand why you've restored them. I think there may be some misunderstanding about what categories are for and how they are used. You mentioned that they show up as non-existent pages because of a Wikipedia error, but I have searched through Wikipedia's list of categories and they definitely do not exist.
 * Also, I'm certain that there is an article on Capitol Records, but if you feel that such an article is relevant then add a link to it in a "See also" section, or better yet, work it into the main text. Adding Category:Capitol Records to this article will merely point to a list of all pages marked with the category (of which there are none), not to the Capitol Records article itself. For more info see WP:Categorization. Binary 20:32, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Central relevance of categories to lounge record
The above poster has questioned the propriety of including Capitol Records as a category. In the 1940s to 1970s certain labels were profoundly fundamental to and synonymous with certain genres of musice. Note, for example the difference between the styles of Motown artists and Atlantic or Volt artists. The Motown label fashioned artists to play to a broader (including white audience). It is a consensus among music journalists and record afficianadoes that the Atlantic and Volt labels had a reputation for more edgy, more gritty sounds and presentations. (On similar note, for a while in the late 1990s and early 2000s Interscope was strongly identified with gangsta rap.) None of this is meant to cast aspersions on particular sub-genres. It is merely a fact that certain artists had certain sounds, and that labels often specialized in getting these artists under their rooves, so to speak. Liberty, quintessentially, and Capitol Records played such as a role as being full of performers that were classic to the styles now recognized as "lounge". Again, refer to the labels of the artists in this article (Sinatra, Cole, Gleason, Shearing, [Peggy] Lee, etc) and note the Capitol connection. Dogru144 15:07, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Emphasis on need to search categories properly / Comment on wikipedia errors in category linkage
Before you allege that categories do not exist, click in the long box on the left side of the screen and enter the words such as kitsch or Capitol. These categories do exist. It is a fault of wikipedia that the category references appear in red at the bottom. Do not rely on clicking on the red words at the bottom. Wikipedia's links are not working properly. Dogru144 15:07, 24 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Please see your talk page. Binary 22:39, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Unresolved contention over link to Capitol Records / profound wikipedia technical error in red letters for existing article
I appreciate the patient comments conveyed to me on the other page, however, the comments still did not exactly spell out why reference to Capitol Records is inappropriate. So, please explain more fully how this reference to Capitol Records is inappropriate. (Why are you saying that no Capitol Records article exists? Please enter the words  in the search box.  You will find a full article on Capitol Records.  As noted above: Capitol is to lounge as Interscope is to gangsta rap.) On a similar note, kitsch is fundamentally important as a label for lounge music. Wikipedia's own article on kitsch recognizes that a hallmark of kitsch is its inferior imitative quality. You would note that scholarly considerations (musicological works in published texts) ignore the vast majority of lounge artists. For example, Will Friedewald, Gunther Schuller, and John Storm Roberts (the author of the 'Latin Tinge' on Latin music) ignore the exemplary lounge figures such as Martin Denny, Les Baxter, George Shearing, Jackie Gleason. Dogru144 03:22 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia policy re categories
OK, I read your message again. I see that you acknowledge that an article exists. However, I have encountered a very broad range of instances of categories, many of them far less serious than others. Please explain the criteria for classification as a category and not as an article. I have sometimes entered categories. Initially they appear as red; however, in a few days, they appear blue.

Links/ References
Quite objectionable are the links at the bottom. Hardly any of them relate to the 50s/60s lounge subgenre. They relate to 90s/00s chill and electronica genres. User:Dogru144 15:25, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Much ado about nothing
"Lounge music" is simply a pejorative term, invented by Rock fans, to make jazz and traditional American pop music performers appear to be inferior. The logic being, that performing in a lounge denotes the lack of talent to be able to perform in a larger venue. Nevermind, that the majority of "lounge" performers, have more formal musical training than most Rock musicians.

Prior to the rock movement, virtually every known musical performer would be considered a "lounge" act, by today's common standard.

Users of this term, are largely ignorant of music appreciation and history.Eelb53 (talk) 22:53, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

I agree with a lot of the above.

Whoever said "Swinging music of the era is also considered lounge and consisted of a schmaltzy continuation of the swing jazz era of the 1930s and 1940s, but with more of an emphasis on the vocalist" -and then went on the include Sinatra and Jackie Gleason together doesn't really know much about music. Whilst an argument can be made that Gleason performed "lounge", in fact he even claimed a lot of his stuff was aural wallpaper, its hard to think of anything that Frank did that was "aural wallpaper".

Louis Prima and Sam Butera could rock and swing harder than anybody.

I'll try and put this on my list to come back and do some improvementsTim O'Leary (talk) 06:44, 12 July 2013 (UTC).

Confusing article
This article covers two different musics called "lounge" -- the exotica and space-age pop of the 50s and 60s, and the lounge/swing music of the 30s and 40s. Problem is, the article does a poor job of differentiating and separating the two. The "Resurgence" section is especially bad, conflating the lounge revival of the early 90s with the swing revival of the late 90s and early 2000s. One minute it's talking about the lounge revival, then the next sentence says, "In the 2000s Richard Cheese and Lounge Against the Machine has added to this resurgence by covering (usually profane) hit songs of other genres (primarily metal and hip hop) in the style of a lounge singer." No, actually it didn't add to the lounge resurgence -- it was part of a different revival, the swing revival. Someone should clean this up. skylights (talk) 23:14, 25 June 2013 (UTC)

The problem is that there are no musical characteristics that define a piece of music as "Lounge". It's whatever the individual listener defines. Also, the genres usually defined as "Lounge", existed for decades before they were called "Lounge". Genres of music are determined by something musically that defines and differentiates them from other genres. "Lounge music" is determined by the appearance and the dress of the performer, and often the presence of musical instruments that exclude the prevalence of electric guitars. There is nothing different in the music, that didn't exist in the 1930's thru the 60's.

An accurate article describing "Lounge music", would note that the term originated with "shock jocks" on radio stations featuring hard rock music. The earliest I heard the term, was from Steve Dahl (of Disco Demolition fame) on a Chicago station in 1982. He went into a monologue complaining about the media coverage of Karen Carpenter's death, and at some point stated "The Carpenters were just a lounge act". In the succeeding decades, every time I have heard the descriptive term "Lounge" applied to a piece or performance of music, it has been from someone heavily invested in hard rock, classic rock, or heavy metal. Either as a DJ, performer, or just a fan. I have never heard the term from individuals involved in the higher levels of music education, nor those who perform in the Jazz or Traditional Pop genres. Which leads me to believe the term is a creation by those on the opposite side of the musical spectrum, to offer an all inclusive term to describe music they don't like. It would be the same as the 1950's when the older generation disliked Rock music. It was often described as "noise". Should we have a Wikipedia article for "Noise music", and toss all variances of Rock music into that category? That is essentially what is happening with Jazz and Traditional Pop, with this "Lounge music" nonsense. eelb53Eelb53 (talk) 11:34, 25 September 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Ultra Lounge
I just deleted the "Ultra Lounge" section. It was talking about venues, not music, and the two sources it cited were travel guides to Las Vegas. Completely irrelevant in an article that is nominally about music. WeirdNAnnoyed (talk) 21:42, 4 August 2020 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Lounge music


text:
Laz

Etymology
From, from.

Proper noun

 * 1) A Kartvelian language of Turkey and Caucasian Georgia, related to Georgian, Mingrelian, and Svan.

Translations

 * Abkhaz:
 * Armenian: ,
 * Chechen:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ლაზური, ლაზური ენა
 * German: Lasische Sprache
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kurdish:
 * Laz: ლაზური ნენა, ლაზური, Lazuri, Lazuri nena
 * Mingrelian: ლაზური, ლაზური ნინა
 * Russian:
 * Svan:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:

Noun

 * 1) The ethnic group speaking Laz and live mostly in Turkey and Georgia.

Adjective

 * 1) Lazic, pertaining to Laz people, history, culture or traditions

Related terms

 * Lazi
 * Lazica
 * Lazican
 * Lazic
 * Lazia
 * Lazistan
 * Zan

Noun

 * 1) A South-Caucasian people of the Trabzon area of Turkey.
 * 2)  A Turk from any location near the Black Sea.

Etymology
From.

title: Laz


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misotheism

Etymology
Borrowed from, from. The Greek compound is found in Aeschylus (Agamemnon 1090; compare ). The English word appears as a nonce-coinage, used by T. De Quincey in 1846.

Noun

 * 1)  hatred of God or gods

title: misotheism


text:
Portal:Wiki Scholar

=Publications= This is the portal for Scholarly Journals. This portal can be used to list new journals. Journal pages can be wrapped from user-pages for publication (by transclusion). The portal can also be used as a center for publishing essays such as Wikipedia's essays. There are at least two scholarly publication categorizations available so far: Category:Wiki Scholar, Category:Wiki journals.

Scholarly Journals

 * Wikiversity reports. Accounts of interesting projects, activities and content at Wikiversity.
 * WikiJournal user group - a set of peer-reviewed, academic journals
 * WikiJournal of Medicine - the flagship WikiJournal
 * WikiJournal of Science
 * Scientific articles that have undergone peer review.

Blogs

 * Blogs and outreach: Cormac Lawler - Wikiversity

Essays

 * "Learning the wiki way" - an essay, planned as content for the future "Wiki Scholar" journal.

Peer Review
Where the author has requested collaboration please use (or create) an appropriate template to show commentary. An example is:

, which generates:

Peer reviewed material (see Peer review) can go through the process of Peer review verification for further quality assurance.
 * Templates for peer reviewed pages include:
 * Peer review to be verified
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=Scholarly Participants=

title: Portal:Wiki Scholar


text:
1820 United States presidential election in South Carolina

The 1820 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place between November 1 to December 6, 1820, as part of the 1820 United States presidential election. The state legislature chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.

During this election, South Carolina cast its 11 electoral votes to Democratic Republican candidate and incumbent President James Monroe.

Effectively, the 1820 presidential election was an election with no campaign, since there was no serious opposition to Monroe and Tompkins. In fact, they won all the electoral votes barring one from New Hampshire, which was cast for Secretary of State John Quincy Adams.


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Talk:Puzzles/Number sequences

All of these are labeled "easy", but I suppose somebody has to write the answer.

1 2 4 8 ?                 16        s(n) = 2^n 1 2 4 7 ?                 11        s(n) = (n+1)(n+2)/2+1 1 2 6 14 ?                30        s(0) = 1, s(n) = s(n-1)+n^2 33       Partitions of n objects of 2 colors. (Euler transform of b(n) = n+1) 3 2 4 1 ?                 5         s(2n+1) = 2-n, s(2n) = 3+n 3 2 4 1 ?                 repeat of last (error?) 3 9 27 81 ?               243       s(n) = 3^(n+1) 2 3 5 8 13 21 ?           34        s(-2) = 1, s(-1) = 1, s(n) = s(n-1)+s(n-2) s(n) = Fib(n+3) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1             s(n) = (n+1) mod 2 ^^^        guessing typo
 * No, this is no typo. Think again ! :-)

2 3 6 7 1 9 4 5 8                   ?????????? something mod 10??? must be missing something obvious

looks like this is in reverse alphabetical order: two three six seven one nine four five eight Thomas

Eric119 23:32, 12 Oct 2003 (UTC) (edited)

I decided not to try this one... Think there's more than $$\aleph_0$$ possible solutions... Cyp 14:23, 18 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Hmmm, accidentally glanced at one for too long... Shouldn't 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 actually be 1 -2 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 most of the time, but occasionally 1 -1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1? Cyp 14:45, 18 Oct 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:Puzzles/Number sequences


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Darelys Santos

Darelys Yahel Santos Domínguez (born June 28, 1994) is a Panamanian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss International Panamá 2017 and also crowned as Miss Supranational Panamá 2020. She represented Panama at Miss International 2017 and placed Top 15, she also represented her country at Miss Supranational 2021 and placed Top 24, where she was ranked in 17th place.

Señorita Panamá 2017
Santos is 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) tall, and competed in the national beauty pageant Señorita Panamá 2017 where she place as 1st runner-up. She represented the state of Panama Norte.

Miss International 2017
She represented Panamá in the 2017 Miss International pageant, that was held on November 14, 2017, in Tokyo, Japan. She finished in the Top 15 semifinalists.

Miss Supranational 2021
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, on 9 October the Señorita Panamá Organization by virtual casting announced Santos as the new Señorita Panamá Supranational for the 2020 and will represent her country in the Miss Supranational 2021.

title: Darelys Santos


text:
käristä

Etymology 1
From an root;.

Verb

 * 1)  to crackle make a crackling sound like that of something burning

title: käristä


text:
Nassau-Corroy

The House of Nassau-Corroy was a bastard branch of the House of Nassau. Unlike the main branch of the House of Nassau, this illegitimate branch was faithful to the king of Spain and Roman Catholic.

History
The history of the Branch of Corroy was started by the marriage between Otto II of Nassau-Siegen and Adelaide of Vianden. The counts of Vianden built the castle of Corroy in the 13th century. Thus, the ancestors of Henry III already possessed the rights of the Chateau in Corroy. The branch of Nassau-Corroy was founded by Alexis of Nassau-Corroy, the illegitimate son of Henry III of Nassau-Breda and his mistress Elisabeth Claire van Rosenbach. Alexis was recognised by emperor Charles V in 1530. In 1540 René of Chalon gave the full rights of Corroy to his half-brother. In 1545 the branch was openly recognised by the Prince of Orange. In 1693 Charles II created Joseph-Ignace 1st Count of Corroy. In 1717 the Counts of Corroy added Zwevegem to their possessions and were the last feudal lords in Zwevegem. The familial crest is still the official coat of arms of the municipality Zwevegem.

Lords and Counts of Corroy
Alexis I of Nassau-Corroy: Legitimised bastard in 1530. Married to Wilhelmina of Bronkhorst Batenburg (1526 - 1601) acquired the castle of Zwevegem and the title of Count of Zwevegem; married to Marrie-Anne, daughter of Philippe I Alexandre de Ghistelles, 2nd Marquess of Saint-Floris. son of Joseph-Ignace, succeeded his father in 1740 son of Guillaume-Adrien; he was the last count of Zwevegem
 * 1) René of Nassau-Corroy
 * 2) Alexis II of Nassau-Corroy
 * 3) Maximilien of Nassau-Corroy
 * 4) Joseph-Ignace de Nassau, 1st Count of Corroy;
 * 1) Guillaume-Adrien-Joseph de Nassau, Count of Corroy
 * 1) Alexandre-Constantin-Joseph de Nassau, Count of Corroy (1738-1804)

Others

 * Charles-Florent-Marie de Nassau, Count of Corroy, younger brother of Alexandre, died in 1809
 * Amélie-Constance-Marie de Nassau-Corroy, daughter and only descendant of Charles, married in 1803 Gillion, the Marquess of Trazegnies d'Ittre, who inherited the castle of Corroy. The death of Amélie in 1832 signified the end of the noble family of Nassau-Corroy.

title: Nassau-Corroy


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Peter Sainsbury

Peter James Sainsbury (13 June 1934 – 12 July 2014) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Hampshire from 1954 to 1976 and the Marylebone Cricket Club from 1955 to 1960.

Born in Chandler's Ford, Hampshire, Sainsbury was a right-handed middle-order batsman and a slow left-arm bowler. He was a regular in Hampshire's team for 22 seasons from 1955 to 1976. That period coincided with the county's most successful time in first-class cricket: Hampshire won the County Championship for the first time in 1961 and did it again in 1973. Sainsbury was the only player who featured in both teams, and he was named as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in the 1974 edition of the almanack.

After a few games for Hampshire and the first-class Combined Services team in 1954, Sainsbury was a big success in his first full season in 1955, taking 102 wickets and scoring 586 runs. He was picked for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) "A" tour to Pakistan in 1955–56 and played in two of the four representative matches. But in an era when England's spin bowling options included Tony Lock, Fred Titmus, Ray Illingworth and Derek Underwood, this was as close as he came to Test cricket.

In fact, Hampshire's successes over the next 20 years were built largely on seam bowling, first with Derek Shackleton and later, at the end of Sainsbury's career, with Andy Roberts, and Sainsbury took 100 wickets in a season only once more: 16 years later, in 1971. With no great spin, he was often used defensively as a bowler, but he took 50 or more wickets in 16 seasons. He was also successful in one-day cricket, one of the first slow bowlers to be used successfully in a form of cricket that was dominated in its early days by seam bowling. Indeed, in 1965 he became the first man to take seven wickets in a one-day match when he claimed 7–30 against Norfolk in the first round of the Gillette Cup.

His batting developed usefully. No stylist, he could tailor his game to the needs of the side, providing obduracy or attack as required. For a side that for many years relied very heavily on the runmaking of just two or three players, Sainsbury's runs, usually made at No 6 in the batting order, gave Hampshire solidity. He scored more than 1,000 runs in a season six times and in 1971 was within 50 runs of the all-rounder's double of 1000 runs and 100 wickets.

A superb fieldsman close to the wicket, Sainsbury was near the top of the fielding statistics for many seasons in the late 1950s and 1960s. In all first-class cricket, Sainsbury played in 618 matches, scored 20,176 runs, took 1,316 wickets, and held 617 catches. He retired from first-class cricket in 1976.

title: Peter Sainsbury


text:
Talk:Wikiversity/Modified project proposal

Wikiversity needs to also release the power of the computer to engage the learning potential of its users. Wikiversity can do this be creating a virtual private instructor, ever able to guide the student with multimedia content focused on helping the student take the next right step. To do this it will be necessary for a student's progress be retained in memory and utilized to optomize the time the student spends by finding that next most important step. That is what an actual private instructor would do, and a virtual instructor would be limited without curriculum and guidance based on progress.


text:
Wikiversity:Welcoming committee

Who we are
The welcoming committee is an informal group of contributors who greet new users and help them get started. There are no requirements for joining, and no explicit responsibilities—and you don't need to be a part of this committee to welcome new users. However, many of us are willing to spread the odd wing, and devote a little time to mentoring on an 'as needed' informal basis.

We believe that the strength of a growing wiki lies in its ability to attract new dedicated members to assist in contributing to articles and taking care of janitorial tasks.

What we do
The welcoming committee simply welcomes new users. Preferably we should welcome users the moment they sign up, however, this is not a requirement. The intention is that new users will feel welcome and be more inclined to participate productively in Wikiversity.

How to welcome
Currently, there is a template that can be used to welcome members at Template:Welcome. This can be added to new users' talk pages by typing " " on the page. (The template is "substituted" in order to add your signature automatically.) Even shorter, use.

You can also add Template:Random mascot—or use Template:wmas (i.e, to automatically add both the welcome template and a random mascot template.

Also, try to engage with whatever pages the person is editing—even just to say "thanks for your edits to "pagename"". You can check the user's contributions by substituting their username in Special:Contributions/USERNAME or by going to their userpage (even if they don't have one yet) and clicking on the "user contributions" link in the left-hand sidebar. (If no pages come up, they haven't made any contributions.)

Checking Special:Log/newusers can help keep track of newly logged-in users. You can also keep track of this in recent changes.

In general, it is common practice to welcome new accounts which have edited pages. It is not considered necessary to welcome accounts which have no editing history (other than account registration). It may actually be harmful to welcome users with no edits, see the attached Talk page.

See Wikiversity talk:Welcoming committee for current welcoming activity.

Members
See here for active members of this committee, and please sign up if you're interested—this is an open committee!

Tasks

 * Discussion about the current welcome template—see Template talk:Welcome
 * Coordinate between School and university projects and Wikiversity outreach in order to encourage people to participate in Wikiversity - before and after joining up.

title: Wikiversity:Welcoming committee


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User:Luthando maphanga

[[Luthandomaphanga|Luthando maphanga's biography

Luthando maphanga(17) was born and bred in extension 8 langaville in the east of Johannesburg on 06 September 2003.

He is a singer,actor,presenter,entrepreneur,song writer,dancer and the founder of UMGOSI SHOW and THE BLACK HORSE CLOTHING.

His love for music started when he was 6 years old he used to sing at his school assembly and even at his home.he grew up in extension 8 his chilhood friend was thabang. Luthando was a naughty child he had a good relationship with his cousins nonhlanhla, simphiwe and noxolo.he also had a good relationship with his grandmother Eunice maphanga. His family always supported him every day.

When he was 13 years old his mom brought a house in tsakane then he moved in with his mom nelly maphanga,siblings thapelo and fifi and his stepfather.his family was not rich nor poor they were just average.

He started acting when he was doing his grade 7 in zamani primary school when he was part of an group called bokamoso performing group he acted in various stages in kwa-thema.

Then in 2016 he went to tlakula high school in kwa-thema.

In 2018 he was introduced to photography by his friend avuzwa mashumi who is a fashion model so his love for photography started there they went to photoshoots they were four him,ntokozo,nomsa and avuzwa, each friend played a huge role in his life because nomsa introduced him to social media and ntokozo introduced him to business.

In 2019 when he was 15 years òld he started his show Umgosi show but due to not having much connection he had to postpone the show to start in 2020.

In addition,in 2020 everything came together because during the lockdown he recorded his first song and he started his business 'the black horse clothing' and he continued pursuing presenting career because his show hosted live instaviews with celebrities guests like nokwazi dlamini, dbn gogo,shaun 101,mandisa vilakazi,zama khumalo,zamancube mncube,the Q.twins ,mduduzi mncube,Mr music ,nqobile gumede

Then 2021 he was nominated on the city awards under the category of HUSTLER OF THE YEAR.

You can expect more from him as his is a rising and branding his identity.

title: User:Luthando maphanga


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Anthony Birch

Anthony Harold Birch (17 February 1924 – 13 December 2014) was a British scholar and an expert in British politics and comparative politics. He was a leading figure in the development of Britain's distinctive school of political science. Political historians have cited his influential works on representation, the British government, federalism, nationalism, and national integration extensively.

Early life
Birch was born in North London and attended the William Ellis Grammar School in Gospel Oak. After graduating from William Ellis Grammar School, he earned an economics degree at the University College, Nottingham graduating with first class honors in 1945. He was unable to serve in the Second World War due to poor health. After the war, he joined the Board of Trade as an assistant principal and remained there for two years. His passion for scholarship motivated him to enroll in the London School of Economics to pursue a PhD. under Harold Laski. His doctoral work was a comparative study of federalism and public finance in Canada, Australia, and the United States. He obtained his doctorate in 1951. Shortly thereafter, he was awarded a scholarship from the Commonwealth Fund to pursue further studies in the United States as a Harkness Fellow at Harvard University and the University of Chicago. He subsequently revised his dissertation and it was published in 1955 in his first book: Federalism, Finance and Social Legislation in Canada, Australia and the United States (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1955).

Academic career
Birch took up his first teaching position in 1947 at the University of Manchester, first as a lecturer in the Economics Department, and later in the new Department of Government, established by W.J.M. (Bill) Mackenzie. In 1959, he published his second book, Small Town Politics: A Study of Political Life in Glossop (London: Oxford University Press), a study of local politics in a town located in Derbyshire. The study was influenced by the contemporaneous studies of local power politics in the United States. The book viewed Glossop as a microcosm of wider changes in British politics and society in the 1950s. In a review of this work, the American Robert A. Dahl, a pioneer in studies of community power politics, wrote: "Anyone interested in the political life of modern communities will find this a useful book, and an American will not be disappointed in his search for significant parallels and differences". This work cemented Birch's reputation as a creative and eclectic scholar.

In 1961, Birch worked at the University of Hull in the new Department of Political Studies. While working in the department, he appointed a number of young scholars, many of whom went on to have influential careers as political scientists, including: Robert Benewick, Robert Berki, Howard Elcock, Dennis Kavanagh, Stephen Kirby, Michael Leifer, Jeremy Noakes, Bhikhu Parekh, and (Lord) Trevor Smith. While at Hull, Birch published what has become his most widely cited work, Representative and Responsible Government: An Essay on the Constitution (London: Allen and Unwin, 1964). This text examines the tensions between responsibility and representation in the Constitution in the British historical tradition and in 18th and 19th century political thought. 'The book is about governmental theory but its conceptual framework never gets between the reader and the examples. It could be given painlessly to relative beginners, but raises issues in a way which could spark off the more advanced student'. In a review of this book, Geoffrey Marshall stated: "Professor Birch's book is of a kind which is rare and extremely useful". Bhikhu Parekh commented that it is: "Pioneered a way of looking at democracy, combining both abstract theory and political rhetoric".

In 1967, Birch published his third book, The British System of Government (London: Allen and Unwin, 1967, first edition), which became essential reading for anyone looking for a concise overview of the operation of British political institutions in the late 20th century and was republished in 10 editions.

In 1970, Birch became chair of the Politics Department at Exeter University. During this decade, his focus shifted to questions of nationalism and regional integration, a relevant issue at the time when the question of the devolution of power to Scotland and Wales was at the forefront of political attention. In 1971, Birch published another widely read text, Representation, a brief introduction to the key concept of representation (London: Pall Mall Press and Macmillan, 1971). He published Political Integration and Disintegration in the British Isles (London: Allen and Unwin) in 1977. That year, he moved to Canada, and took up a position as professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Victoria on Vancouver Island, British Columbia where he worked and taught until his retirement in 1989. It was in Victoria where he wrote his final two works, Nationalism and National Integration (New York: Routledge, 1989) and The Concepts and Theories of Modern Democracy (London:  Routledge, 1993) which was republished as a third edition in 2007. By this time, Birch was well into his 80s.

Birch's approach to political science was wide-ranging. He worked across many of the divisions in the field, including those that separate "theory" from empirical work, "domestic" from comparative politics, or "science" from engaged political commentary. His eclectic approach is apparent from the wide range of theoretical and empirical subjects upon which Birch wrote articles and reviews within the major political science journals, including World Politics, the British Journal of Political Science, Government and Opposition, and Political Studies.

Recognition
Birch was president of the Political Studies Association from 1972 to 1975 and vice-president of the International Political Science Association from 1973 to 1976. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1988, and was the recipient of the prestigious Sir Isaiah Berlin award for Lifetime Contribution to Political Studies from the Political Studies Association in 2002.

Birch died in Victoria on 13 December 2014, at the age of 90. On the day of his death, several former colleagues paid tribute to his work. Robert Benewick commented that: "Tony Birch's Representative and Responsible Government along with Samuel Beer's Modern British Politics were perhaps the most influential commentaries on British politics published in the 1960s. They challenged the more quantitative and behavioral approaches that were beginning to dominate political science". Lord Trevor Smith praised him as: "one of the most productive and innovative British political scientists in the past sixty years. Although widely read and respected, he never received the recognition that he merited. Invariably his publications were pioneering; he was a true lateral thinker". Wyn Grant described him as: "One of the pioneering figures in the establishment of an academic discipline of politics in Britain".

title: Anthony Birch


text:
User:DiverseTay

DiverseTay
I am at a training session run by the University of Edinburgh. Learning Wiki-Magic!

My example citation
I read about the A-level results debacle.

Now reuse citation.

title: User:DiverseTay


text:
Talk:David Cloke

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on David Cloke. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035606/http://www.richmondfc.com.au/TheClub/History/HallofFame/tabid/7638/Default.aspx to http://www.richmondfc.com.au/TheClub/History/HallofFame/tabid/7638/Default.aspx

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:17, 7 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Cloke


text:
Talk:Playa Girón

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 15:21, 15 September 2019 (UTC)
 * 04052016PlayaGironPropagande.jpg

title: Talk:Playa Girón


text:
Master's Academy & College

Master's Academy & College, founded in 1997, and also known as Master's, Master's Academy, and Master's College, is a K-12 Christian school in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Master's originally developed its teaching pedagogy through its research arm, the Profound Learning Institute. The Profound Learning Institute was then rebranded as Imaginal Education. Based on this unique model of Profound Learning/Imaginal Learning, Master's joined Palliser Regional School District's Alternative Program in 2008.

History
The school was founded in 1997 by Tom Rudmik. Rudmik is the author of the book Becoming Imaginal and based the school on the theory outlined in the book.

Academy
The Academy consists of grades K–6. As of 2019, Master's Academy is the number one ranked elementary school in the Province of Alberta by the Fraser Institute.

College
The College consists of grades 7–12.

title: Master's Academy & College


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Temperaments

There are four temperaments: SJ, SP, NT, and NF.

SJ
Sensing judgers, or traditionalists, are practical people that keep the home fires burning and businesses working. They're always aware of who owns what and which social positions are held by whom. Their quest is to run everything, and they are often good at doing so.

SP
Sensing perceivers, or experiencers, are adventurous, fun-loving, observant, physically skillful, impatient, easily bored, and good with tools and art. They want to be happy and make others happy too.

NT
Intuitive thinkers, or conceptualizers, are analytical, impersonal, intellectual, rather unworldly, absent-minded, and are more likely to forget appointments. They continually seek to acquire new skills and pride themselves on their skills, logic, and efficiency.

NF
Intuitive feelers, or idealists, understand people and tend to be aware of people's feelings. They can be warm, sympathetic friends, but find offense in the smallest careless remark. They tend to be very skillful negotiators and good with words.


text:
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Coder1604/Archive

Suspected sockpuppets

These three accounts identified so far do very little other than edit, submit, and advance the BLP of Amari Fields. Coder1604 appears to be the oldest account. Amari Fields appears to be the eponymous account (but may have waited in the background in order to avoid the article looking like an autobiography). This might be some sort of meatpuppetry, but is probably actual sockpuppetry. Robert McClenon (talk) 12:26, 13 August 2020 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * - Obvious coordinated spam / UPE. If not socks, than certainly meat. -- RoySmith (talk) 15:51, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
 * ❌, each reside on a different continent. NinjaRobotPirate (talk) 14:03, 14 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Indef blocked all three as spam-only accounts. Closing. -- RoySmith (talk) 02:15, 15 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
User:IamContribs12345/sandbox/Music Charts/List of most-streamed songs on Spotify in Indonesia

This list contains the top ___ songs with the most streams on the audio streaming platform Spotify. As of ___ 2019, ___'s "___" is ranked in the top position, as the only song with more than ___ million streams.

The artists with the most singles in the top ___ are ___ with a total of ___ (___ as a lead artist and ___ as a featured artist), ___ with ___ (all lead), and ___ with ___ (___ lead and ___ featured).

___ most-streamed songs
The following table lists the top ___ most-streamed songs on Spotify, with streams rounded to the nearest thousand, as well as the artist(s), the album it is currently published to Spotify on, and the date it was originally published on Spotify.

Weekly number-one songs
The following table lists the songs that reached the No. 1 position on Spotify's weekly most-played chart. The table only records No. 1 songs from before January 1, 2017, as the data from before that is not available. "___" by ___ is the current number-one song on the Spotify Indonesia Top 200 for the week ending ___ 2019. {{legend|#d0f0c0|Current record}}

Longest-running number-one songs by days
The following table lists the ___ songs with the most days at the No. 1 position on Spotify's daily most-played chart.


text:
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Occupantent/Archive

Suspected sockpuppets

adding the same promotional material to Joe Neurauter. Please compare and. HickoryOughtShirt?4 (talk) 19:27, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * Already blocked. Closing. Bbb23 (talk) 22:57, 18 September 2019 (UTC)


text:
Wikiversity:Namespaces

Like all wikis using the MediaWiki software, Wikiversity has built-in namespaces. The main namespace, where page names have no prefix, is for learning resources. There are several additional namespaces where page names all start with a prefix such as "Topic:" or "Wikiversity:". The other namespaces have special uses that are described in this page.

The main namespace is for all Wikiversity pages that deal directly with learning (the educational mission of Wikiversity). The main namespace contains pages that are about learning materials (example: Hunter-gatherers project), learning projects (example: Bibliography and Research Methods), and research activities (example: Bloom clock project).

The other namespaces have special uses that help Wikiversity participants facilitate and organize their collaborative content development efforts.

In addition to the namespaces that are found at Wikipedia, Wikiversity has "school" and "topic" namespaces. Like the "wikiversity" and "portal" namespaces, the "school" and "topic" namespaces are for meta-content; that is, Wikiversity content that is concerned with the management and organization of Wikiversity rather than being directly concerned with learning and the educational activities that take place in the main namespace. Pages in the "school" namespace are concerned with management and organization of large subject areas and large amounts Wikiversity main namespace content (example: School:Medicine). Wikiversity schools contain and organize groups of more narrowly-focused content development projects in the "Topic:" namespace. The content development projects in the "Topic:" namespace can be referred to as departments, centers, institutes, divisions or whatever is convenient (example: the Accounting Department). For more information see: Topics.

Content development projects. At Wikipedia, editors have found that it is useful to create a special type of meta-page called a WikiProject page. At Wikipedia such pages all exist with the project namespace and start with the prefix "Wikipedia:WikiProject:" (example). At Wikiversity, the pages in the "school" and "topic" namespaces can be thought of as special types of "WikiProject" pages that are concerned with creating and organizing learning resources for broad subject areas ("School:" projects) or more narrow academic topics ("Topic:" projects).

The concept of namespaces is similar to programming language namespaces and general namespaces.

Basic namespaces
The main namespace of Wikiversity is for education-oriented content (see Special:Allpages). It is the default namespace and page names for Wikiversity pages that are in the main namespace do not use a prefix. Wikiversity allows the creation of subpages for main namespace page, see: Subpages.101 problem - Not all English-speaking countries number courses starting at 101. "Foo 101" means nothing to some people. It is better to say "Introduction to Foo".

Wikiversity:
All pages in the Wikiversity project namespace start with the prefix Wikiversity:. The Wikiversity namespace is a namespace containing pages that provide information about Wikiversity. The page you are now reading is located in the Wikiversity project namespace. An example of another page in the Wikiversity namespace is Main Page. Other important pages in the project namespace are the policy pages. Note: the word "project" is used in many ways in the contexts of many different kinds of collaborative wiki projects. This entire website is the "Wikiversity project". Wikiversity also contains many collaborative "content development projects" in the "School:" and "Topic:" namespaces. In the main namespace, there are many learning projects where Wikiversity participants can engage in collaborative learning activities (see Figure 2). See also: Portal:Wikiversity.

Portal:
The portal namespace (prefix Portal:) is for reader-oriented directory/guide pages that help readers find Wikiversity content that is related to a specific subject. It also may contain links to encourage readers to contribute new content to Wikiversity (see, for example, Portal:Learning Projects. The "Portal:" namespace can be used together with categories. Wikiversity editors can create new categories to unite departments and projects as needed. Each category can have its own portal page in the "Portal:" namespace. Portals are particularly useful for areas of study that do not fit into the more conventional school>division>department hierarchy. Example of a portal: Portal:Science. See Portal.

School:
Pages in the School: namespace can serve as content development projects for broad subject areas in a similar fashion to Wikipedia "wikiprojects". The "School" namespace is for organization of the work of Wikiversity participants who are content producers, those who create learning resources and participate in learning projects. The names of Wikiversity school pages always start with the "School:" prefix. Example: the Wikiversity School of Biology organizes many topic pages such as Topic:Cell Biology. See: Schools.

School: contains community oriented pages for the improvement of resources under a major category.

Draft:
The Draft: namespace is for pages in development that are not yet ready for main space listing. Draft status may be self-selected by users or determined by respected community members. Resources with little content, low quality, or addressing fringe theories are likely to be placed in the draft namespace until they are more fully developed.

Topic:
The use of the Topic: namespace was discontinued in 2016, with content moved to either Portal: or main namespace pages.

Historically, pages in the Topic: namespace served as content development projects for narrow academic topics in a similar fashion to Wikipedia "wikiprojects". The "Topic" namespace was for organization of the work of Wikiversity participants who are content producers, those who create learning resources and participate in learning projects. The names of topic pages always started with the "Topic:" prefix. Example of a topic page: Topic:Cell biology.

Topic: pages were primarily used as "Departments", "Centers", "Divisions" or similar terms desired by those collaborating in that topic area. For example, under "School:Psychology" might have been "Topic:Social psychology" and "Topic:Clinical psychology". These specific content development pages in the "Topic:" namespace would then be referred to as the Department of Clinical Psychology or the Division of Social Psychology, depending on preference. See: Topics.

Topic: may be the equivalent to Wikipedia's taskforces. These are community oriented pages for the improvement of resources.

User:
The user namespace (prefix User:) is a namespace with pages for learning about Wikiversity participants and for sharing personal education experiences, for example containing bookmarks to favorite pages. If you see in the RecentChanges list that the user named "Jimbo" has updated some pages, this user name is a link not to Jimbo but to User:Jimbo. (See Special:Listusers).

File:
Pages in the File: namespace start with the prefix File:. The "File:" namespace holds image files, sound files, pdf files and other media files), one page for each file, with a link to the image or sound clip itself. See Special:ListFiles. There are three versions of links to images and sound files: Media example: A sound files Example. ; see Wedding-Day at Troldhaugen (Help with ogg audio play).See Help:Media.
 * 1) [[File:Foobar.jpg]] will insert the image directly into the page (not for sound files)
 * 2) [[Media:Foobar.jpg]] will make a text link to the image or type of file
 * File:Foobar.jpg will make a text link to the file's description page

Mediawiki:
The MediaWiki namespace (prefix MediaWiki:) is a namespace containing interface texts such as link labels and messages. They are used for adjusting the localisation (i.e. local version) of interface messages without waiting for a new LanguageXx.php file to get installed. Each label and message has a separate page. Pages in this namespace are protected by default. An automatically generated list of all interface messages is at Special:Allmessages.

Template:
The Template namespace (formerly part of the MediaWiki namespace) is used to define a standard text which can then be conveniently added within pages, either the text itself at the time of adding, or a reference to the text at the time of viewing the page. The latter way effectively changes all such occurrences of the standard text automatically by just editing the page where the text is defined. These are listed at Template messages and Navigational templates. The majority of this type is not protected.

Category:
The Category namespace contains categories of pages, with each displaying a list of pages in that category and optional additional text. Browse is a tool to help navigating the Category namespace, which if not well-coordinated leads to problems. But categories are a powerful way to organize effort, unify content, manage projects and maintain Wikiversity. See FAQ/Categorization for more information.

Help:
Pages in the help namespace provide information about how to edit Wikiversity webpages and participate within the Wikiversity community. See: Help:Contents. There are also some similar pages in the "Wikiversity:" namespace such as Glossary and others in the main namespace such as Introduction to Wikiversity. Wikiversity also has pages about how to edit other Wikimedia Foundation sister projects, see Wikipedia service-learning courses.

Collection:
Pages in the collection namespace operate similarly to English Wikipedia's books since both use the Book tool. Collections are bundles of resources on a given topic meant to be printed and shared in book form.

Talk:
Except for special pages, each namespace has an associated talk namespace. The talk namespaces are designated by adding talk: to the normal prefix. For example, the talk namespace associated with the main article namespace has the prefix Talk:, while the talk namespace associated with the user namespace has the prefix User talk:. Most of the pages in the talk namespaces are used to discuss changes to the corresponding page in the associated namespace. Pages in the user talk namespace are used to leave messages for a particular user. The user talk namespace is special in that, whenever a user's talk page is edited, that user will see a box saying "You have new messages" on every page that they view until they visit their talk page.

title: Wikiversity:Namespaces


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Perceiving

Perceivers prefer to leave their options open to perceive new possibilities and processes as long as possible. They tend to mourn opportunities lost to premature decisions. They are prone to analysis paralysis, but rarely make permanent mistakes.

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Perceiving


text:
UNIFAC Cup

The UNIFFAC Cup was a football tournament played in Gabon in 1999. The trophy was named after the then Gabonese president Omar Bongo.

The matches
Originally there were 8 teams, divided into two groups, with the top 2 of each group advancing to the semifinals. However, after Cameroon and DR Congo pulled out, a league format was introduced.

 * All matches were played in Stade Omar Bongo, Libreville, Gabon.

title: UNIFAC Cup


text:
Cnemaspis anslemi

Cnemaspis anslemi, or Anslems' day gecko, is a species of diurnal gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka described from northwestern foothills of Samanalawewa Nature Reserve.

Etymology
The specific name anslemi honors Sri Lankan herpetologist Anslem de Silva, who has worked nearly five decades on Sri Lanka herpetofauna. He is commonly known as the father of modern herpetology in Sri Lanka.

Taxonomy
The species is closely related to C. gemunu, C. godagedarai, C. phillipsi, and C. scalpensis.

Ecology
The species is restricted to home gardens and tropical evergreen rainforests in the Udamaliboda area, Lihinihela, Borangamuwa, and Warnagala areas. Researchers described the species as critically endangered due to tea and rubber plantations and mini hydropower plants.

It is sympatric with many other gecko species, including Cnemaspis samanalensis, Cyrtodactylus triedrus, Gehyra mutilata, Hemidactylus depressus, H. pieresii, H. frenatus, H. parvimaculatus, and Hemiphyllodactylus typus''.

Description
Snout to vent length of adult male is 34.4 mm and female is 32.5 mm. Body slender and long. Eye relatively small with round pupil. Dorsum is covered with smooth granular scales. Chin and gular scales are smooth. Tubercles are well developed. Males have no precloacal pores. Dorsum is reticulated brown, black, and white in color with two large oval shaped patches on the neck region. Head has scattered black and white dots. Dark canthal stripe is indistinct. Chin and gular areas are bright yellow. Neck is bright yellow with black dots in zig-zag pattern. Femur is dirty yellow. Tail has 13–15 cinnamon brown blotches. Eggs are pure white and spherical.

title: Cnemaspis anslemi


text:
Talk:David Anthony Higgins

guest appearance
Saw him as a tour guide in the 3rd episode of | American Horror Story. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:40, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

californication
just seen him in a minor comedic role on californication as an annoying passenger of a plane next to the main character.. didn't know where to put it on this (short) page as i dont fully understand how to edit wikipedia and don't want to ruin it.. if its even relevant to put on.. a citation is http://uk.imdb.com/title/tt1928453/ .. if somebody fancies adding this (if needed) then thankyou.. sorry i cant help more at the moment but i wanted to contribute to this amazing site — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:44, 16 November 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Anthony Higgins


text:
User:Apurbaroydev

Apurba Roy Father's name - arabinda Roy Mother's name - janaki roy Studying at koliabor college 5 th semester BA Vill - dakhin beloguri Dist - nagaon State - assam Pin - 782120 grand fathers name -rashmohan sarkar sister's -ankita roy

title: User:Apurbaroydev


text:
Wikipedia:Mediation Cabal/Cases/2006-08-11 Nietzsche

Mediation Case: 2006-08-11 Nietzsche
Please observe Etiquette and Talk Page Etiquette in disputes. If you submit complaints or insults your edits are likely to be removed by the mediator, any other refactoring of the mediation case by anybody but the mediator is likely to be reverted. If you are not satisfied with the mediation procedure please submit your complaints to Wikipedia talk:Mediation Cabal.

Request Information

 * Request made by: Bordello 04:33, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Where is the issue taking place?
 * Talk:Friedrich_Nietzsche and Nietzsche related articles (talk:Philosophy_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche, talk:%C3%9Cbermensch, )

 * Who's involved?
 * User:Non-vandal, User_talk:Sethmahoney, User_talk:Petrejo, myself, and others

 * What's going on?
 * Petrejo, after discussions and warnings, returns again and again to inject his iffy research as facts. If you see the long, ongoing conversations, starting with this, it seems Petrejo is pushing a view he has full conviction in, though his claims are unsupported by scholars of today. But at this point it is like a religious conviction none of us can budge. His edits have subsided, but the same views are restated and plastered by a anonymous IPs. I suspect sock-puppetry to avoid direct accusations on him.

 * ''What would you like to change about that?
 * I'd like it to stop and for Petrejo to use reliable, accountable secondary sources. I hope we can reach some consensus.

 * Would you prefer we work discreetly? If so, how can we reach you?
 * For now, I suppose. There's always the chance that I'm wrong. Could you review all this and send me an e-mail with what you think?

Mediator response
I've taken the case.

It seems that Petrejo holds a well-researched view, but one that relies on an extreme minority opinion within Nietzschean scholarship, also relying heavily on sources outside said scholarship which hold more popular appeal (from popular slanders against Nietzsche, largely discredited amongst Nietzsche scholars) amongst those not involved in Nietzsche scholarship. Because there is so much literature on Nietzsche one can find published sources for any view, no matter how discredited.

The research into fascism he cites is an especially troublesome field to draw conclusions from, since any link created in this field will necessarily cast light on Nietzsche as a fascist and anti-semitist philosopher, whether the fascist figure claiming philosophic parentage from Nietzsche did so in a cogent fashion or not.

Petrejo has claimed (well, the claim was made by Petrejo as far as I can figure out) that Nietzsche scholarship in the vein of Derrida's Spurs (and other views based on poststructuralism and deconstruction) is invalid - a view that simply can not be given credence on Wikipedia.

Compromise offers
This section is for listing and discussing compromise offers.

 * I suggest:

 * the views forwarded by Petrejo not be given significance within the article
 * the article be careful to note that Nietzsche's views and applications thereof are highly controversial (ie no whitewashing)
 * the article state the majority view, noting briefly where noteworthy trends (like the one Petrejo represents) appears

An example of what I mean would be the following:

Nietzsche has often been accused of anti-semitism.[1] The vast majority of Nietzsche scholarship consider these charges to be baseless, noting the ambiguities of his intentionally-inflammatory style and his repeated denouncing of anti-semitism, [2] though some remain unconvinced.

I believe that an article explicitely dealing with the problem (Nietzsche and anti-semitism, like Philosophy_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche) would go a long way to increasing the clarity and usefulness of the Nietzsche articles on Wikipedia, and limit the scope of further such disputes. --Marinus 12:49, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Many thanks to you, Marinus, for your mediation effort. Thanks also for recognizing that I do, indeed, quote several secondary sources and legitimate scholars to support these views about Nietzsche.  The scholars I cite are among the most recent -- often published within the past five years, and this isn't true of many other sources cited by others.  Because these views are new, they are controversial, but they also build upon the latest scholarship, so that should also give them additional weight.  In any case, here are my responses to your suggestions:

 * the views I forward represent a budding scholarship that is new and important, and this Wikipedia article would benefit from the NPOV that this novel scholarship entails.

 * the article as it stands does not adequately portray the highly controversial nature of Nietzsche's views, especially his AntiChristian theme with its specific lambaste against Judaism as the source of Christianity.  The many new scholars I cite agree upon this view.

 * if the article states the majority view, how is this to be counted? (As you suggested, the ocean of literature about Nietzsche is so vast one can find anything one wishes within it.)  Will Wikipedia underwrite the Walter Kaufmann view?  If so, this should be stated explicitly in the article.  If so, the existence of a non-Kaufmann view should be cited, naming the names of the authors that I cited, the titles of their books, and their publication dates.

 * Perhaps, as you suggest, Marinus, the place for these ideas should be an additional Wikipedia article (e.g. Nietzsche and Anti-Semitism). The more I ponder that, the more I like it, since it resolves many issues, not the least of which is the size of the current article.  And if that is agreed upon, I would ask that the main article specially highlight the existence of such an adjunct article.

 * In either case, I'd ask that the famous quotation by Nietzsche that seeks to distance him from the sophomoric anti-Semites of his era should not be posted without a counterbalance -- there are countless quotations of Nietzsche that condemn Judaism for spawning Christianity, and that fact should be viewed at the same time. If this proposed NPOV of a counterbalance is omitted, then I ask that the positive quotation also be omitted, as an evident, misleading quotation.

 * Again, Marinus, many thanks for your mediation. I've been struggling to obtain a balance in this article since May.  Please tell me if my proposed compromise has merit in your eyes. Petrejo 05:41, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm glad my offer wasn't blatantly stupid. I disagree that what you raise is a new current - it dominated Nietzsche scholarship from Heidegger onwards until Kaufmann. I don't want to give Kaufmann's interpretation too much credence, largely because it isn't (in my experience) the most widely accepted view anymore (and Kaufmann does whitewash the questionable parts in Nietzsche, I agree). But Derrida, Klossowski, et al (a hugely influential current of scholarship, in my experience the dominant one right now) must also be given space - you can't just dismiss it. I really don't think Wikipedia must be a place to give claims and counterclaims, and I vehemently oppose quotefarms, so a list of quotes and the claims that run from them is not, in my view, a viable option. It also runs the risk of being original research. I am glad you like the idea of a seperate article on the issue - one of your later drafts can form the basis of it. You must understand that such an article will undergo the type of criticism and editing you encountered on the different articles, but at least it would be the right place for them and i believe that progress can be made. --Marinus 06:37, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Dear Marinus, I've cited Derrida for my own argument, as he wrote: "Now, if...the only politics calling itself Nietzschean turned out to be a Nazi one, then this is necessarily significant...One can't falsify just anything." — Jacques Derrida, The Ear of the Other, p. 47. So, may we compromise and include Derrida's quotation in the article?  I ask, because I tried to include it before, and it was quickly erased. Petrejo 04:16, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

 * You are welcome to cite what you wish, as long as you find it an appropriate place. However, any representation selectively used to privilege one POV another is by definition unsuitable and will receive the reception you have become used to. Because your entire case seems to revolve around proving that Nietzsche was an anti-semitist it is no surprise that you have been received in this way... it would have been troublesome if your view was the majority one (a tertiary source, like Wikipedia, does unabashedly privilege the majority POV — critically, however, it doesn't represent the majority view as anything other than a product of interpretation, whereas you are trying to show your interpretation as privileged by the text, a view I and the others involved here oppose quite strongly) and is unacceptable because it isn't. --Marinus 04:56, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I have given a response to this selective use of Derridean text, which I find to be misused, and this isn't the first time such selectivity has been evidenced by Petrejo's contributions. Whatever the issues here, I find Marinus'/GI's solution acceptable and which will be very helpful in establishing a comprehensive context on these matters that don't quite fit into the main article due to a number of problems (e.g., size most importantly, relevance to a biography of N, relevance to his philosophy, etc.). Saying that, I also think this case has come to a fine conclusion.Non-vandal 08:23, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Importantly Wikipedia is not a place to make up users' minds, but to present them with information. We should name trends in scholarship and give them the treatment they deserve. The main argument for excluding and/or marginalising the views Petrejo is advancing is that they are those of a minority and would be given undue weight if presented as Petrejo has done before. But there is a place for such views (an article could have a section "the case for" and "the case against" which would be the wordiest but probably most accurate and encyclopedic approach). --Marinus 06:37, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I like your suggestion for a seperate article and mention of the primary schools of thought, but as with all claims about Nietzsche, there should be the caveat that whatever opinions are expressed are simply that: opinions. I feel a compromise is about to be reached. Haven't we all grown? Isn't it nice? Now let's go back to homeroom and reflect on today's lessons. -Bordello 10:25, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, Bordello, the notion about 'opinions' can swing both ways. I've supplied many dozens of quotations from scholars and the secondary literature to make my case.  At first I only supplied obvious quotations from Nietzsche, but this was rejected as an alleged form of Original Research.  Then I supplied several dozen quotations from secondary sources by contemporary scholars -- and this was also rejected as 'too lengthy.'  Then I reduced the ideas to a single paragraph.  Then this paragraph was edited by a number of editors until a consensus was reached.  Even after that, this edited paragraph is held back from the article!  I continue to consider that as POV behavior.  That's why I asked for mediation.  I continue to hope that contemporary scholarship, and the exposure of the clearly right-wing extremist side of Nietzsche, can gain a proper hearing. Petrejo 04:49, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I really, really, really, really don't want to argue this. I'm sorry if I wronged you. Let's continue constructively. -Bordello 08:20, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Just wanted to say that this sounds about right to me. - Jmabel | Talk 04:45, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

No, this has not been a fair and impartial process. Modern democratic Jewish (Kaufmann, Derrida, etc.) academia does not have exclusive monopolistic rights to Nietzschean scholarship and interpretation; and the complete nullity of the modern Franco-Judaic pseudo-scholars has been clearly proven by several different individuals on the various talk pages through concise documentation. In an objective encyclopedia, the goal is not to present fashionable, momentarily fleeting consensus reality but ACTUAL REALITY. Any HONEST person understands Nietzsche was no apostle of modern liberal democracy and multiculturalism. Nietzsche was a racialist, eugenicist and neo-feudalist whose philosophy was so heretically opposed to egalitarian, Trotskyite modernity that the only weapon open to the pseudo-scholarly levelers was mendacious hysterical reality-denial and 'hermeneuticization' of his philosophy into nothingness. Documentation of Nietzsche's unconcealed philosophy by Ernst Nolte, Rudiger Safranski, the Journal of Nietzsche Studies (http://www.filosofia.it/pagine/argomenti/Losurdo/Losurdo_Santi.htm) and Oxford scholar Douglas Smith have been provided, and much more documentation can be provided if necessary. For example, here is an HONEST Jewish scholar's analysis of Nietzsche:

http://friesian.com/nietzsch.htm

Are all of these scholars crackpots? Is the *Oxford World's Classics* edition of Nietzsche's On the Geneaology of Morals 'unreliable' and 'minority'; there, Douglas Smith makes no false liberalist apologies for Nietzsche true views: "Nietzsche's terminology and views here are clearly racist, assuming an evolutionary difference between white European and black African" (p. 147). Nietzsche should not be even slightly filtered and should not be subject to the wish-phantasies of modernists: how can the following passages from Nietzsche possibly be interpreted away in a false liberal egalitarian humanist multicultural manner?

Fear and intelligence. - If it is true, as is now most definitely asserted that the cause of black skin pigmentation is not to be sought in the action of light, could it perhaps not be the ultimate effect of frequent attacks of rage (and undercurrents of blood beneath the skin) accumulated over thousands of years? While with the other, more intelligent races an equally frequent terror and growing pallid has finally resulted in white skin? - For degree of timidity is a measure of intelligence, and frequently to give way to blind rage a sign that animality is still quite close and would like to take over again. (Daybreak, 241)

The purification of the race.- There are probably no pure races but only races that have become pure, even these being extremely rare. What is normal is crossed races, in which, together with a disharmony of physical features (when eye and mouth do not correspond with one another, for example), there must always go a disharmony of habits and value-concepts. (Livingstone heard someone say: 'God created white and black men but the Devil created the half-breeds.') Crossed races always mean at the same time crossed cultures, crossed moralities: they are usually more evil, crueller, more restless … Races that have become pure have always also become stronger and more beautiful.-The Greeks offer us the model of a race and culture that has become pure: and hopefully we shall one day also achieve a pure European race and culture. (Daybreak, Section 272)

The man of an era of dissolution which mixes the races together and who therefore contains within him the inheritance of a diversified descent…such a man of late cultures and broken lights will, on average, be a rather weak man: his fundamental desire is that the war which he is should come to an end... (Beyond Good and Evil 200)

For skepticism is the most spiritual expression of a certain complex physiological condition called in ordinary language nervous debility and sickliness; it arises whenever races or classes long separated from one another are decisively and suddenly crossed. In the new generation, which has as it were inherited varying standards and values in its blood, all is unrest, disorder, doubt, experiment; the most vital forces have a retarding effect, the virtues themselves will not let one another grow and become strong, equilibrium, center of balance, upright certainty are lacking in body and soul. But that which becomes most profoundly sick and degenerates in such hybrids is the will: they no longer have any conception of independence of decision, of the valiant feeling of pleasure in willing—even in their dreams they doubt the "freedom of the will." Our Europe of today, the scene of a senselessly sudden attempt at radical class—and consequently race-mixture, is as a result skeptical from top to bottom, now with that agile skepticism which springs impatiently and greedily from branch to branch, now gloomily like a cloud overcharged with question marks and often sick to death of its will! Paralysis of will: where does one not find this cripple sitting today! (Beyond Good and Evil, 208)

It is quite impossible for a man not to have the qualities and predilections of his parents and ancestors in his constitution, whatever appearances may suggest to the contrary. This is the problem of race. Granted that one knows something of the parents, it is admissible to draw a conclusion about the child: any kind of offensive incontinence, any kind of sordid envy; or of clumsy self-vaunting--the three things which together have constituted the genuine plebeian type in all times--such must pass over to the child, as surely as bad blood; and with the help of the best education and culture one will only succeed in deceiving with regard to such heredity.--And what else does education and culture try to do nowadays! In our very democratic, or rather, very plebeian age, "education" and "culture" must be essentially the art of deceiving--deceiving with regard to origin, with regard to the inherited plebeianism in body and soul. (Beyond Good and Evil, 264)

The Latin malus [bad] (beside which I set melas [Greek: black, dark]) may designate the vulgar man as the dark-colored, above all as the black-haired man ("hic niger est—" [From Horace's Satires]), as the pre-Aryan occupant of the soil of Italy who was distinguished most obviously from the blond, that is Aryan, conqueror race by his color; Gaelic, at any rate, offers us a precisely similar case—fin (for example in the name Fin-Gal), the distinguishing word for nobility, finally for the good, noble, pure, originally meant the blond-headed, in contradistinction to the dark, black-haired aboriginal inhabitants. The Celts, incidentally, were a thoroughly blond race; it is wrong to associate traces of an essentially dark-haired people which appear on the more careful ethnographical maps of Germany with any sort of Celtic origin or blood-mixture, as Virchow still does: it is rather the pre-Aryan people of Germany who emerge in these places. (The same is true of virtually all Europe: the suppressed race has gradually recovered the upper hand again, in coloring, shortness of skull, perhaps even in the intellectual and social instincts: who can say whether modern democracy, even more modern anarchism and especially that inclination for "commune," for the most primitive form of society, which is now shared by all the socialists of Europe, does not signify in the main a tremendous counterattack—and that the conqueror and MASTER RACE, the Aryan, is not succumbing physiologically, too?....Our German gut [good] even: does it not signify "THE GODLIKE," the man of "GODLIKE RACE"? And is it not identical with the popular (originally noble) name of the Goths? (On the Genealogy of Morals, First Essay, Section 5)

Let us stick to the facts: the people have won--or the 'slaves' or the 'plebeians' or the 'herd' or whatever you want to call them--and if the Jews brought this about, then so much the better! Never in world history did a people have a more important mission. The 'masters' are done away with; the morality of the common man has won. This victory might also be seen as a form of blood-poisoning (it has mixed the races together)--I shall not contradict that; but there is no doubt that the toxin has succeeded. The 'redemption' of humanity (from the 'masters', that is) is proceeding apace; everything is visibly becoming more Jewish or Christian or plebeian (what does the terminology matter!). The progress of this poison through the entire body of mankind seems inexorable. (On the Genealogy of Morals, First Essay, Section 9)

These bearers of vindictive instincts that have to be bottled up, these descendants of all European and non-European slavery, especially, of the pre-Aryan population — these people, I say, represent the decline of humanity! These "tools of civilisation" are a disgrace to humanity, and constitute in reality more of an argument against civilisation, more of a reason why civilisation should be suspected... (On the Genealogy of Morals, First Essay, Section 11)

By way of comfort to the milksops, I would also venture the suggestion that in those days pain did not hurt as much as it does today; at least, that might be the conclusion of a physician who has treated Negroes (these taken as representative of primitive man--) for serious cases of internal inflammation; such inflammation would bring even the best organized European to the brink of despair--but this is not the case with Negroes. (On the Genealogy of Morals, Second Essay, Section 7)

Ugliness is often enough the expression of a cross-bred development stunted by cross-breeding. If not, then it appears as a development in decline. The anthropologists among the criminologists tell us that the typical criminal is ugly: monstrum in fronte, monstrum in animo [A monster in face, and monster in soul.]. But the criminal is a décadent. (Twilight of the Idols, 'The Problem of Socrates', Section 3)

Critique of modernity.— Our institutions are no good any more: on that there is unanimous agreement. However, it is not their fault but ours [Aber das liegt nicht an ihnen, sondern an uns]. Once we have lost all the instincts out of which institutions grow, we lose institutions altogether because we are no longer good for them. Democracy has ever been the form of decline in organizing power: in "Human, All-Too-Human" (I, 472) I already characterized modern democracy, together with its hybrids such as the "German Reich," as the form of decline of the state. In order that there may be institutions, there must be a kind of will, instinct, or imperative, which is anti-liberal to the point of malice: the will to tradition, to authority, to responsibility for centuries to come, to the solidarity of chains of generations, forward and backward in infinitum ... The whole of the West no longer possesses the instincts out of which institutions grow, out of which a future grows: perhaps nothing antagonizes its "modern spirit" so much. One lives for the day, one lives very fast, one lives very irresponsibly: precisely this is called "freedom." That which makes an institution an institution is despised, hated, repudiated: one anticipates [glaubt] the danger of a new slavery the moment the word "authority" is even spoken out loud. That is how far décadence has advanced in the value-instincts of our politicians, our political parties: instinctively they prefer what disintegrates, what hastens the end ... (Twilight of the Idols, "Skirmishes of an Untimely Man", 39) — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs • WHOIS )

 * Dear Whomever, you and I seem to disagree sharply on some points just as we agree firmly on other points. I'm disappointed in Kaufmann's Judaism insofar as he fails to defend Judaism well.  Like you, I agree that Nietzsche belongs to the extreme right wing; his attacks on Christianity belong to the farthest fringes of the right-wing agenda, known in Nazi and related circles of literature.

 * My own reading of Nietzsche has accidentally coincided with many of the observations you have shared from many different scholars. It's difficult to measure how many scholars agree with the 'mild' reading of Nietzsche that Walter Kaufmann inaugurated -- whether they are a majority in America or not -- simply because the plethora of literature about Nietzsche is virtually impossible to count anymore.

 * Nietzsche's distaste for modern liberal democracy and multiculturalism, his open racist statements, and especially his repeated attacks on Judaism as the birthplace of the hated disease of Christianity, must be admitted frankly. As for his hatred of Christianity, that is his own word, for example:  "...This morality is: the mediocre are worth more than the exceptions...I rebel against the translation of reality into morality: therefore I abhor Christianity with a deadly hatred." — Nietzsche, The Will to Power, sec. 685.

 * We both seem to agree that an impartial reading of Nietzsche yields a right-wing extremist, but our motives would appear to be different -- my motive is to defend the Jewish people from additional attacks by right-wing extremists. I believe the JDL and other Jewish organizations can and probably should be called to opine on this Wikipedia article about Nietzsche, because the well-being and perhaps the peace of the Jewish community may be affected by the wide currency that Nietzsche continues to receive -- aided by the academic fealty to 'mild' readings of Nietzsche.

 * Despite our apparent divergence as regards motives, I still thank you for your honesty and for your persistence in sharing the legitimate scholarship and actual literature that does circulate -- and not underground -- about Friedrich Nietzsche's right-wing extremist side. Petrejo 04:40, 28 August 2006 (UTC)


text:
Top-rated United States television programs of 1980–81

This table displays the top-rated primetime television series of the 1980–81 season as measured by Nielsen Media Research.


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Ananthu

Ananthu may refer to:

 * Ananthu (screenwriter), Indian Tamil-language screenwriter
 * Ananthu (singer), Indian Tamil-language singer
 * Ananthu vs Nusrath, Indian Kannada-language film

title: Ananthu


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Haig Patigian

Haig Patigian (Հայկ Բադիկեան; January 22, 1876 – September 19, 1950), was an Armenian-American sculptor.

Biography
Patigian was born in the city of Van, Ottoman Empire. His parents were teachers at the American Mission School in Van. He was largely self-taught as a sculptor. Patigian spent most of his career in San Francisco, California and most of his works are located in California. The Oakland Museum in Oakland, California, includes a large number of his works in its collection, and more can be seen in and around San Francisco City Hall.

Patigian was an active member of the Bohemian Club, serving two terms as club president. He designed the Owl Shrine, a 40-foot high hollow concrete and steel structure which was built in the 1920s to have the appearance of a natural rock outcropping which happened to resemble an owl. The Owl Shrine became the centerpiece of the Cremation of Care ceremony at the Bohemian Grove in 1929.

Patigian married Blanche Hollister of Courtland, California, in 1908.

Selected public works

 * McKinley statue in Arcata, California, 1906 (removed February 28, 2019)
 * Electricity, Imagination, Invention and Steam; four repeated sculptures at the Machinery Palace, Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915) (destroyed)
 * General John Pershing, San Francisco, California, 1921
 * Statue of Abraham Lincoln, San Francisco, California, 1928
 * Thomas Starr King (1931)
 * This work resided in the Capitol Building in Washington D.C. as one of California's contributions to the National Statuary Hall Collection until being replaced by a statue of Ronald Reagan in 2009.

 * Volunteer Firemen Memorial, San Francisco, California, 1933

Architectural sculpture

 * M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, tympanum, San Francisco, California, circa 1895 (removed)
 * San Francisco Savings Union Bank building, pediment, San Francisco, California, 1911
 * Palace of Fine Art & the Machinery Palace, (now destroyed) Panama-Pacific Exposition, San Francisco, California, 1915
 * Metropolitan Life Insurance Building, (now the Ritz Carlton Hotel) pediment, San Francisco, California, 1920
 * Navigation, Aviation, and Industry, Richfield Tower, Los Angeles, California, allegorical figures, 1928
 * when the building was demolished in 1968 the figures were moved to the Art Museum of the University of California, Santa Barbara

 * Department of Commerce Building, pediment, Washington D.C., 1934

title: Haig Patigian


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Canelo Álvarez vs. Sergey Kovalev

Canelo Álvarez vs. Sergey Kovalev was a professional boxing match between Canelo Álvarez and defending WBO light heavyweight champion Sergey Kovalev. The fight took place at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Paradise, Nevada on November 2, 2019. Álvarez won by 11th-round knockout.

Background
Álvarez made his debut at light heavyweight and was looking to become a three-weight world champion by challenging WBO titleholder Kovalev, who was defending his title after having fought two months prior on August 24, 2019. Kovalev was stopped for just the third time in his career when Álvarez knocked him out in the 11th round.

Aftermath
Immediately after the bout, many fight fans started asking Kovalev on social media about why he allegedly took a dive. The former champion answered via several videos on his Instagram page,:

"'It was impossible for me to win that fight because of all the demands and contract clauses I have signed, and my physical conditioning problems. But financially it was very interesting for me... so, yeah, I accepted the fight I was not supposed to win.'"

Álvarez responded by calling Kovalev a "bad loser".

Broadcasting
The fight was streamed live on DAZN in the United States and nine other countries, televised on both FTA Azteca 7 in Mexico and Channel One in Russia.

Fight purses
According to the Nevada State Athletic Commission, Álvarez earned an official purse of $35 million and Kovalev a $3 million purse. These figures are the final figures they will earn as Canelo has a subscription deal which means no potential PPV revenue.

 Guaranteed base purses

 * Canelo Álvarez ($35 million) vs. Sergey Kovalev ($3 million)
 * Ryan Garcia ($250,000) vs. Romero Duno ($50,000)
 * Bakhram Murtazaliev ($55,000) vs. Jorge Fortea ($20,000)
 * Seniesa Estrada ($50,000) vs. Marlen Esparza ($50,000)
 * Blair Cobbs ($20,000) vs. Carlos Ortiz ($5,000)
 * Meiirim Nursultanov ($12,500) vs. Cristian Olivas ($12,000)

title: Canelo Álvarez vs. Sergey Kovalev


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Penicillium copticola

Penicillium copticola is a species of the genus of Penicillium which was isolated from the twigs, leaves, and apical and lateral buds of the plant Cannabis sativa L.

title: Penicillium copticola


text:
List of Jordan women's international footballers

This is a list of Jordan women's international footballers who have played for the Jordan women's national football team.


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Talk:Coskewness

Article incorrectly conflates 0 skewness with symmetry
This article says "It follows that the sum of two random variables can be asymmetric (SX+Y ≠ 0) even if both random variables are symmetric in isolation SX = 0 and SY = 0)."

The skewness coefficent being 0 does *not* imply symmetry.

This widely held misconception should be reproduced in Wikipedia articles. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Glenbarnett (talk • contribs) 08:12, 17 August 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Coskewness


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Cookbook:Game

| Basic foodstuffs | Meat and poultry

Game are wild animals and birds. Farm-raised game are originally wild species of animals and birds that have been raised for sale. Large native game animals living in North America include antelope, buffalo, bear, caribou, deer, elk, moose, reindeer, and wild boar. Elsewhere in the world, even rarer varieties eaten by humans are camel, elephant, kangaroo, wild goats, wild sheep, zebra, and other species.

Small game animals include alligator, rabbit, squirrel, beaver, muskrat, opossum, raccoon, armadillo, porcupine, and other species.

Game birds include grouse, guineafowl, partridge, squab (young pigeon), quail, pheasant, wild ducks, wild geese, wild turkey, and other species. Rock Cornish hens -- thought by many consumers to be game birds -- are actually young domesticated chickens.

Game animals

In culinary terms, venison can be meat from deer, elk, moose, caribou, antelope, and pronghorn. However, when this meat is offered for sale, the name of the specific animal normally is specified on the package label.

Bison (buffalo) is native to North America. Once about 60 million in number, bison were hunted almost to extinction by the 1890’s. Currently there are more than 150,000 animals being raised across North America.

Musk-ox is a heavy-set, shaggy-coated wild ox that lives in northern North America, the Arctic islands, and Greenland. The meat tastes similar to buffalo.

Collared Peccary (javelina) is a hoofed animal native to parts of Mexico, South America, and the southwest U.S. A substitute is fresh pork.

Kangaroo Kangaroo, native to Australia, is an iconic marsupial known for its distinctive hopping movement. Kangaroo meat, often described as lean and nutritious, has gained popularity as a sustainable and protein-rich alternative to traditional meats. It is prized for its low-fat content and is not usually utilized in culinary dishes.

Rabbits sold for consumption are usually either crosses between New Zealand and Belgian varieties, Chinese rabbits, or Scottish hares.

Wild boar, along with feral (wild) hogs, are found in 23 states in the U.S. and are estimated to number over 2 million. Like our domestic swine, these animals are not native to North America, but were originally brought over from other continents. Originally domesticated and then released into the wild, these animals are now hybrids.

Game Birds

Wild Ducks – The Chinese were the first to raise wild ducks domestically for food. Today’s domestic wild ducks are descendants of either the Muscovy or Mallard species. America’s Long Island ducks are offspring of Peking ducks (a variety of Mallard) brought from China in the late 1800’s. A young duck or duckling (usually under 8 weeks of age) has dark, tender meat and weighs about 3 1/2 to 5 pounds. A mature duck is usually over 6 months of age and has tougher meat.

Goose – Geese were farm-raised in ancient Egypt, China, and India. Today’s goose weighs between 5 and 18 pounds. A young bird of either sex ("goose" is the female of the species; "gander," the male) has tender meat, while a mature goose of either sex has tougher meat.

Guineafowl – This relative of the chicken and partridge, sometimes called a guinea hen or African pheasant, was thought to originate in Guinea, West Africa. A young guineafowl, about 11 weeks old, has tender meat, while a mature bird has tougher meat. Female guinea fowl are more tender than males. The meat is light red and slightly dry with a mild gamey flavor. Due to their small size – about 2 to 3 pounds, including giblets – guinea fowl are usually sold whole.

Partridge – There are no native partridge species in the United States. Most partridge in the market are from European or African varieties. The Grey partridge, a European species, was imported from Hungary and raised in England. Found as far away as the Middle East, this variety is sometimes called Hungarian partridge. Chukar is a partridge species from India.

Pheasant - Originally from Asia, the female of this medium-size game bird (weighing about 3 pounds) has more tender, plump, and juicy meat than the male, which weighs about 5 pounds. Young birds can be roasted, but older birds need moist heat because their flesh is drier and leaner.

Quail – American quail are known regionally by various names: Bobwhite, partridge, and quail (blue, California, mountain and Montezuma). American quail nest on the ground and are not related to the European quail of the partridge family. A ready-to-cook quail weighs about 3 to 7 ounces, including the giblets. Due to their small size, they are usually roasted and served whole. The meat is dark, but mild flavored.

Squab, Pigeon or Dove – This species originated in the Middle East and Asia, and is one of the oldest birds known to man. A squab is a young, immature pigeon about 4 weeks old. Because it is too young to fly, the meat is very tender. Squab usually weigh about 12 to 16 ounces, including giblets, and have dark, delicately flavored meat. They are usually stuffed whole and roasted. A pigeon that has been allowed to mature and has tougher meat than a squab.

Wild Turkeys -- Turkey is one of North America’s native birds. The name "turkey" was originally applied to an African bird, now known as the guineafowl, which was believed to have originated in Turkey. When the Europeans came upon the American turkey, they thought it was the same bird as the African guinea fowl, and so gave it the name turkey, although the two species are quite distinct. Compared to their domestic counterparts, wild turkeys are leaner, less meaty, not as tender, and have a stronger flavor.

Taste
Because their diets and activity levels are not the same as that of domestic animals and poultry, the meat of farm-raised game animals has a different flavor – stronger than domesticated species and milder than wild game. The factors that determine the meat's quality include the age of the animal (younger animals are more tender), the animal's diet, and the time of year the animal was harvested. (The best is in the fall, after a plentiful spring and summer feeding.)

Equally important is how the animal was handled in the field. Hunters must be absolutely certain of their targets before shooting and should make every effort to get the animal down as quickly and as painlessly as possible. Once confirmed dead, the animal should be eviscerated within an hour of harvest, and the meat refrigerated within a few hours. Meat is damaged (and sometimes ruined) if it is not dressed, transported, and chilled properly.

In general, wild game is less tender than meat from domestic animals because the wild animals get more exercise and have less fat. Any fat is generally bad tasting and should be removed. For maximum tenderness, most game meat should be cooked slowly and not overdone. It can be cooked with moist heat by braising or with dry heat by roasting. Ways to keep game moist include basting, larding, or barding.

Are game "red" or "white" meat?
Game birds are poultry and considered "white" meat. Because they are birds of flight, however, the breast meat is darker than domestic chicken and turkey (which stand a lot, but do little, if any, flying). This is because more oxygen is needed by muscles doing work, and the oxygen is delivered to those muscles by the red cells in the blood.

All game animals are "red" meat. One of the proteins in meat, myoglobin, holds the oxygen in the muscle, and gives the meat a darker color.

General cooking guidelines
The tenderness of a particular cut of game is similar to the corresponding cut of domestically-raised meat or poultry. All game tends to be leaner than that of domesticated animals, which have been bred for tenderness and fat marbling. Overcooking can toughen game. You can use moist heat, basting, and larding or barding (inserting slivers of fat or wrapping in bacon) to help keep the meat tender during cooking. Fast searing over high heat can also work for smaller cuts, such as tenderloin medallions or rib chops.

title: Cookbook:Game


text:
User:Disanpoter~enwikiversity

Profile

 * 1) REDIRECT wikipedia:User:disanpoter

Education Related Interests
to be filled in as take form and develop

title: User:Disanpoter~enwikiversity


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2002–03 WHL season

The 2002–03 WHL season was the 37th season of the Western Hockey League (WHL). Nineteen teams completed a 72-game season. The Kelowna Rockets won both the Scotty Munro Memorial Trophy as the league's best regular season team and the President's Cup as playoff champion, both for the first time. The Rockets thus earned a berth in the 2003 Memorial Cup tournament.

Western Conference

 * Prince George Crosses over into U.S. Division playoffs

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalties in minutes

Goaltending leaders
Note: GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties ; GA = Goals against; SO = Total shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average

All-Star game
All-Star festivities included a round robin between all-star squads from the three CHL leagues. On November 12, the WHL Eastern All-Stars defeated the QMJHL Lebel All-Stars 5–2 at Hull, Quebec before a crowd of 2,194. Then, on November 19, the WHL Western All-Stars defeated the OHL Eastern All-Stars 7–3 at Vancouver, British Columbia before a crowd of 7,046. With the victories, the WHL won the Hershey Cup as champion of the round robin format all-star tournament.

All-Star Teams

 * source: Western Hockey League press release

2003 Bantam draft

 * List of first round picks in the bantam draft.

title: 2002–03 WHL season


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User:JWSchmidt/Introduction

Hello Technical writing is the science of putting into print the functions of things that we use and how to use them. All companies that conduct Research and Development use technical writers to: Write procedural text; Expand on previously written material; Conduct research; File patents; And much more.<IP_ADDRESS> 08:18, 4 November 2009 (UTC)

title: User:JWSchmidt/Introduction


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Talk:David Lascelles, 8th Earl of Harewood

2 kids born on the same date in different years!
Pretty rare, don't you think? Happy138 (talk) 10:57, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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