text:
User:Margalob/sandbox

2023 Portland Association of Teachers Strike
The 2023 Portland Association of Teachers strike is a labor strike involving teachers at Portland Public Schools (PPS), the largest school district in Oregon. The strike began on 1 November 2023. The strike is organized by the Portland Association of Teachers (PAT), representing roughly 3700 teachers and other employees. The strike follows The issues driving the strike include raises to match inflation, lower class sizes, and increased planning time.

Background
This is the first teacher strike in district history. After their last contract expired in June 2023, teachers began negotiations with the district for a new contract. The union moved to vote to strike in October 2023. The union's vote to strike closed on 19 October, with votes from 93% of the teachers. Of those who voted, 98.9% voted to authorize a strike. This commenced a 10 day work stoppage notice, after which a strike would commence if bargaining remained unsuccessful.

On October 30, Oregon Governor Tina Kotek issued a statement concerning the strike, urging both sides to reach an agreement while saying that "going out on strike is not in the best interest of students or families." Kotek said that state intervention in education funding was "really a conversation for 2025."

As PAT and PPS entered final mediation at the end of October, there was still a large gap between their offers on the negotiated issues. PAT proposed a cumulative 23% cost of living adjustment across 3 years against PPS's 10.9% proposal, and PAT proposed 440 minutes of planning time per week for elementary teachers against PPS's 400 minute proposal. PPS's chief of research claimed PAT's proposal would require the district to make $277 million in cuts.

This strike was proceeded by several high-profile strikes in public education: teachers in Los Angeles Unified School District and Oakland, California went on strike in spring of 2023.

Strike
The strike began on 1 November. The strike closed schools for the district's 45,000 students. On the first day of the strike, National Education Association president Rebecca Pringle and United Teachers Los Angeles president Cecily Myart-Cruz gave speeches to the striking teachers, outside Roosevelt High School.

naito parkway

https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/naito_william_sumio_1925_1996_/#.XDjPq2j27rc

https://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn83045782/1905-10-22/ed-1/seq-30/#index=0&rows=20&proxtext=John+Outhouse&searchType=basic&sequence=0&words=John+Outhouse&page=1 -- training of the eye and hand.

https://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/search/pages/results/?rows=20&searchType=basic&proxtext=John+Outhouse john outhouse stuff

Woodstock Mystery Hole
The Woodstock Mystery Hole is a tourist attraction in the Woodstock neighborhood of Portland, Oregon, maintained by Barron, a public school substitute teacher.

In the late 1980s, Barron dug the Mystery Hole, also called the Woodstock Mystery Hole. Once completed, it was about 15 feet deep and almost 30 feet long. It is located in his backyard, surrounded by a large laurel hedge and a wooden fence. The Mystery Hole was a tourist attraction which the Portland Mercury described as a "meta-theme park." Next to the Mystery Hole is the History Mole of the Mystery Hole, a metal statue of a mole which was custom-built by Hollywood art directors. In addition to the Mystery Hole, Barron has built other attractions in his back yard. He has a loft with a fireplace inside of a laurel hedge; a rowboat bolted on top of a pipe; as well as the Mystery Tower, Mystery Gate, Mystery Wishing Pipe, and Mystery Pole. In 2011, Barron claimed to be refilling the Mystery Hole, and invited guests to pour sand or gravel into the hole.

Barron has been substitute teaching in Portland since the 1980s, working five days a week. He works mostly at Grant High School, in Northeast Portland. In 2006, he told the Portland Tribune that he goes by just one name out of dislike towards the hierarchies between students and teachers. Barron has previously worked as a self-employed advertising writer.

In 1988, Barron founded the Universal Church o' Fun. While there were no services and no real church building, Barron ran a newsletter, the Universal Church o' Fun Times, which sent out 350 copies in 1990. The religion celebrated Fundays, a holiday on the fifth Sunday of any month, by having as much fun as possible.

title: User:Margalob/sandbox


text:
Ahangaran, Nishapur

Ahangaran (, also Romanized as Āhangarān) is a village in Rivand Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 249, in 62 families.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ahangaran, Nishapur


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Global Developments of Cybergaming

The result was delete. - Mailer Diablo 16:52, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Global Developments of Cybergaming
It seems that this article is someone's original research and thus would violate WP:NOR. Frankchn 13:49, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete big essay on the gaming industry ("cybergaming?" you won't find many gamers calling it that). There might be some needles in this haystack that could be extracted and merged into other articles, but I wouldn't envy whoever takes on that task. Andrew Lenahan -  St ar bli nd  14:08, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been added to the list of CVG deletions. PresN 17:34, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as OR and an essay -- Whpq 18:17, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as OR/essay TrackerTV (CW|Castform|Green Valley) 21:22, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete interesting, but OR and is written as an essay, not an exncloypedia article. All encyclopedic content is already covered. Ace of Sevens 00:32, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per Ace of Sevens. While this makes a pretty interesting read, it's still an essay; moreover, it doesn't add anything to the enyclopedia that isn't already here, and reeks of original research. RandyWang ( chat me up/fix me up ) 03:19, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete because it's full of OR and POV claims like "Microsoft wants to stir up the market" and "Contrary to popular belief, computer games do not promote violence." Author should incorporate his data into other articles. Garrepi 11:44, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete This "article" is basically either an essay or a corporate study, not encyclopedic. guitarhero777777 21:58, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above --Peephole 16:16, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete an essay per above, aswell as WP:POV and WP:OR. Could be moved to the a subpage on the computer and videogame wikiproject page for its informational value, or to a subpage under the username of it's originator. Havok (T/C/c) 13:53, 16 August 2006 (UTC)


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Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/Local/meyhomes-phuquoc.com

Links

 * meyhomes-phuquoc.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Selected additions

 * Displayed 6 additions out of 6 total.	 For more info see WikiProject_Spam/LinkReports/meyhomes-phuquoc.com

Entry
Log entry for the MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist:

\bmeyhomes-phuquoc\.com\b   # ADMINNAME # see  [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spam/Local/meyhomes-phuquoc.com ]]

Discussion
See COIBot report for more details.

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 04:56, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 05:30, 19 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
1955 Kansas Jayhawks football team

The 1955 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Seven Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their second season under head coach Chuck Mather, the Jayhawks compiled a 3–6–1 record (1–4–1 against conference opponents), finished tied for fifth in the Big Seven Conference, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 222 to 93. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.

The team's statistical leaders included John Francisco with 459 rushing yards and 24 points scored and Wally Strauch with 498 passing yards. Ralph Moody and Dick Reich were the team captains.

title: 1955 Kansas Jayhawks football team


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Template:1lvlnav

== Usage ==

 * 1lvlnav calls the template
 * project specifies the name of the project
 * previous lesson specifies the name of the previous lesson
 * next lesson specifies the name of the next lesson

You must include project/lesson links yourself!

Example
The above code produces:

Note: the ugly '1lvlnav' shown in the middle of the navigation line is just the current topic (page) name, and will be replaced with the name of your calling page when you use this template in a real-world example

title: Template:1lvlnav


text:
Talk:Madrasa Shahi

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 17:29, 5 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Logo Of Madrasa Shahi.png

Proposed merge of List of Jamia Qasmia Madrasa Shahi alumni into Jamia Qasmia Madrasa Shahi
Jamia Qasmia Madrasa Shahi is a very small article. No so much content in there. So, there is no problem with article length/size. I see zero reason/no valid reason to split the article and create List of Jamia Qasmia Madrasa Shahi alumni. In future if article become big, we can split it then.

For now, merge List of Jamia Qasmia Madrasa Shahi alumni with Jamia Qasmia Madrasa Shahi. আফতাবুজ্জামান (talk) 16:24, 27 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose I'm planning to expand the article in few days. Thanks. ─ The Aafī   (talk)|undefined  18:12, 27 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Support The Aafī  did not expand this (List of Jamia Qasmia Madrasa Shahi alumni) article. So it should be merge.  Prodipto Deloar (আলাপ) ০৯:৪৮, ৩১ জুলাই ২০২১ (ইউটিসি)
 * , I'm extremely sorry for that. I was planning to expand the article after I expanded the one on Mazahir Uloom and tried to get a book on its 125 year history which didn't reach me yet. I do what I promise. I won't however feel bad if you guys want to merge it right now. But I'd definitely ask for a favour. I'm just waiting for the book to arrive.─ The Aafī   (talk)|undefined  10:01, 31 July 2021 (UTC)
 * @TheAafi I think, when you get that book, you may recreate this article. If you realize that this article is for placing a unique article. Prodipto Deloar (Talk • Contribute) 10:16, 31 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Madrasa Shahi


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tom Reimchen

The result was delete. - Mailer Diablo 16:47, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Tom Reimchen
Canadian university Ecology professor, 695 mainly relevant GHits, proving him to be an active ecologist in Canada. Is he an ecologist who has learned how to "soundbyte" or is he really credible? He has not apparently published books. Style of article heavily NPOV, and certainly needs tidying up. I put this to the vote Ohconfucius 10:28, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete 1 hit on Google Scholar - way off meeting WP:PROF    Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  12:48, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, as article does not establish notability. SB_Johnny  | talk 14:47, 13 August 2006 (UTC)


text:
Ideal surface

An ideal solid surface is flat, rigid, perfectly smooth, and chemically homogeneous, and has zero contact angle hysteresis. Zero hysteresis implies the advancing and receding contact angles are equal. In other words, only one thermodynamically stable contact angle exists. When a drop of liquid is placed on such a surface, the characteristic contact angle is formed as depicted in Fig. 1. Furthermore, on an ideal surface, the drop will return to its original shape if it is disturbed. The following derivations apply only to ideal solid surfaces; they are only valid for the state in which the interfaces are not moving and the phase boundary line exists in equilibrium.

Minimization of energy, three phases

Figure 3 shows the line of contact where three phases meet. In equilibrium, the net force per unit length acting along the boundary line between the three phases must be zero. The components of net force in the direction along each of the interfaces are given by:

 * $$\gamma_{\alpha\theta}+\gamma_{\theta\beta}\cos{\theta}+\gamma_{\alpha\beta}\cos{\alpha}\ = 0$$
 * $$\gamma_{\alpha\theta}\cos{\theta}+\gamma_{\theta\beta}+\gamma_{\alpha\beta}\cos{\beta}\ = 0$$
 * $$\gamma_{\alpha\theta}\cos{\alpha}+\gamma_{\theta\beta}\cos{\beta}+\gamma_{\alpha\beta}\ = 0$$

where α, β, and θ are the angles shown and γij is the surface energy between the two indicated phases. These relations can also be expressed by an analog to a triangle known as Neumann’s triangle, shown in Figure 4. Neumann’s triangle is consistent with the geometrical restriction that $$\alpha+\beta+\theta=2\pi$$, and applying the law of sines and law of cosines to it produce relations that describe how the interfacial angles depend on the ratios of surface energies.

Because these three surface energies form the sides of a triangle, they are constrained by the triangle inequalities, γij < γjk + γik meaning that no one of the surface tensions can exceed the sum of the other two. If three fluids with surface energies that do not follow these inequalities are brought into contact, no equilibrium configuration consistent with Figure 3 will exist.

Simplification to planar geometry, Young's relation
If the β phase is replaced by a flat rigid surface, as shown in Figure 5, then β = π, and the second net force equation simplifies to the Young equation,

 * $$\gamma_{SG}\ =\gamma_{SL}+\gamma_{LG}\cos{\theta}$$

which relates the surface tensions between the three phases: solid, liquid and gas. Subsequently, this predicts the contact angle of a liquid droplet on a solid surface from knowledge of the three surface energies involved. This equation also applies if the "gas" phase is another liquid, immiscible with the droplet of the first "liquid" phase.

Real smooth surfaces and the Young contact angle
The Young equation assumes a perfectly flat and rigid surface. In many cases, surfaces are far from this ideal situation, and two are considered here: the case of rough surfaces and the case of smooth surfaces that are still real (finitely rigid). Even in a perfectly smooth surface, a drop will assume a wide spectrum of contact angles ranging from the so-called advancing contact angle, $$\theta_\mathrm{A}$$, to the so-called receding contact angle, $$\theta_\mathrm{R}$$. The equilibrium contact angle ($$\theta_\mathrm{c}$$) can be calculated from $$\theta_\mathrm{A}$$ and $$\theta_\mathrm{R}$$ as was shown by Tadmor as,

\theta_\mathrm{c}=\arccos\left(\frac{r_\mathrm{A}\cos{\theta_\mathrm{A}}+r_\mathrm{R}\cos{\theta_\mathrm{R}}}{r_\mathrm{A}+r_\mathrm{R}}\right) $$ where

r_\mathrm{A}=\left(\frac{\sin^3{\theta_\mathrm{A}}}{2-3\cos{\theta_\mathrm{A}}+\cos^3{\theta_\mathrm{A}}}\right)^{1/3} ~; r_\mathrm{R}=\left(\frac{\sin^3{\theta_\mathrm{R}}}{2-3\cos{\theta_\mathrm{R}}+\cos^3{\theta_\mathrm{R}}}\right)^{1/3} $$

The Young–Dupré equation and spreading coefficient
The Young–Dupré equation (Thomas Young 1805, Lewis Dupré 1855) dictates that neither γSG nor γSL can be larger than the sum of the other two surface energies. The consequence of this restriction is the prediction of complete wetting when γSG > γSL + γLG and zero wetting when γSL > γSG + γLG. The lack of a solution to the Young–Dupré equation is an indicator that there is no equilibrium configuration with a contact angle between 0 and 180° for those situations.

A useful parameter for gauging wetting is the spreading parameter S,
 * $$ S\ = \gamma_{SG}-(\gamma_{SL}+\gamma_{LG})$$

When S > 0, the liquid wets the surface completely (complete wetting). When S < 0, partial wetting occurs.

Combining the spreading parameter definition with the Young relation yields the Young–Dupré equation:
 * $$ S\ = \gamma_{LG}(\cos\theta-1)$$

which only has physical solutions for θ when S < 0.

title: Ideal surface


text:
School:Language Studies/Resource catalogue

Welcome to the Language and Literature catalog of resources, projects and courses, listed by department. This does not include the external links listed on department pages. We will try to keep these up-to-date, but if you see that a resource is missing from our list, please add it below. You may also want to check out the School of Language and Literature library.

The School of Language and Literature currently contains the following projects, courses and resources listed by department. Departments are listed in alphabetical order.

Note: similar resources listed outside of the School of Language and Literature will not be listed here. Sorry for any inconvenience or confusion this may cause.

Arabic language department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Arabic department
 * Arabic stream
 * Elementary Arabic I

Aymara language department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Aymara department
 * Aymaran stream
 * Introduction to Aymaran

Breton language department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Breton department
 * Introduction to Breton introductory course
 * Brezhoneg Unan beginner's course I
 * Brezhoneg Daoù beginner's course II
 * Brezhoneg Tri beginner's course III
 * Brezhoneg Pevar beginner's course IV
 * Brezhoneg Pemp advanced course I
 * Brezhoneg C'hwec'h advanced course II

Chinese language department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Chinese department

Note: there are also resources included as part of the department's main page
 * Mandarin One
 * Conversational Cantonese One

Cornish language department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Cornish department
 * Cornish stream
 * Kernewek Onan part 1 of a course
 * Kernewek Dew part 2 of a course

French language department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the French department
 * French stream
 * La Littérature Française
 * French mentoring project
 * Français I
 * Français II
 * La Littérature du 18e siècle

German language department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the German department
 * German stream
 * Basic German introduction to German
 * German I
 * German exercises
 * German Home Immersion School

Hebrew Language Department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Hebrew Department

Italian language department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Italian department
 * Italian literature

Japanese language department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Japanese department
 * Japanese stream
 * Introduction to Japanese
 * Beginner Japanese
 * Basic Japanese vocabulary
 * Everyday Japanese phrases

Klingon language department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Klingon department
 * Klingon course

Korean language department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Korean department
 * Korean writing system
 * Introductory Korean

Literary studies department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Literary studies department
 * Reading lists
 * Web writing course
 * Introduction to creative writing
 * T.S. Eliot
 * Nonkilling linguistics

Quechua language department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Quechua department
 * Quechua stream
 * Introduction to Quechua introductory course
 * Runa Simi 1 beginner's course I

Southeast Asian language department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Southeast Asian language department
 * Introduction to Southeast Asian languages
 * Vietnamese 1 beginner's course
 * Filipino 1 beginner's course
 * Bahasa Indonesia lessons

Spanish language department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Spanish department
 * Spanish One
 * Spanish 1 different from Spanish One
 * Spanish 2

Tamil language department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Tamil department
 * Foundation
 * Lesson 1 - Vowels and Consonants
 * Lesson 2 - Vowel Consonant Combinations

Tolkien Language Department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Tolkien department
 * Quenya course
 * Elvish stream

Turkish language department
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Turkish department
 * Basic Turkish words
 * Turkish numbers

Writing center
Resources, projects and courses currently being offered by the Writing center
 * Composition help
 * Rhetoric help
 * Creative writing help
 * Technical writing help
 * English Language Reference Desk a place to ask questions about grammar and the English language
 * Fiction writing support group


text:
User:Dmitri Lytov/Wikipedia in the future:interface, globalization, better cooperation and communication

Summary of problems
When Wikipedia was created, its minimalistic interface made it possible to spread it over the whole world, as it did not demand too much from the user’s computer and from the user himself or herself. One can start using Wikipedia on a simplest 386 processor machine, being a user with a minimum experience.

However, at a certain stage of development of Wikipedia, which in my opinion was reached 3 or 4 years ago, this simplicity began turning into difficulty. As more functions were added to Wikipedia, it resulted in the impossibility to review them all at a glance, and what’s more important, it resulted in the overloading of servers, and thus in significant growth of expenses, which are currently used for support and maintenance of Wikipedia, instead of developing its functionality.

Moreover, a lot of functions currently executed by servers could be easily executed on the client’s side, which would also contribute to Wikipedia’s functionality and increase possibilities of fine tuning and better adaptability to users’ need without incurring extra costs.

To summarize the main problems that should be overcome in new generations of Wikipedia:

1.	Scattered interface.

2.	Reduplication (sometimes retriplication, requadruplication etc.) of many functions.

3.	Server overloading.

Spheres where improvement is possible
1.	Avoiding the scattered interface

2.	Articles, categories, Commons and Metawiki.

3.	Discussions and forums.

4.	Cooperation between users (finding each other, portals and projects)

5.	From thematic cooperation (portals and projects) to tagged cooperation and presentations (and still avoiding the risk of becoming a social network)

6.	Translation needs a special interface

7.	Further issues of international cooperation

Avoiding the scattered interface
Just from the start page, the Wiki interface looks scattered. You can find some functions at the top, some other in the sidebar menu, and some at the bottom. Why? It would be better to see them all at a glance.

The same problem exists with Wiki-editing: although the editor’s interface has been significantly improved over the last years, it is still scattered:

The two possible solutions are:

1.	To create a multi-level interface at the top of the page (top level – Wikipedia general, second level – article-related etc.) similar to that of MS Office 2007-2010.

2.	To create a software, or, more precisely, a browser plugin allowing to execute at least part of Wikipedia’s most frequent functions at the client’s side. When a user opens Wikipedia, it will detect if he/she has a plugin. If not, Wikipedia will execute everything on the server side.

3.	The above mentioned interface should have fixed position at the top, bottom, side of the page or as a pop-up window, depending on the user’s preference. The rest of the page should be scrollable. It will release a lot of useful space on the page.

Articles, categories, Commons and Metawiki
In my opinion, articles and categories are just different levels of information structuring. It is like describing physical or chemical properties of substances: just different levels of speaking about the same thing.

In some cases the difference between an article and a category is vanishing. For example, a disambiguation page is at the same time a category, even though it is not considered as such. A disambiguation page about people under surname Smith, at the same time, represents a category called “Smith (surname)”.

My proposal is to automatically assign each article a category under the same name, but to interwikify articles and categories separately. Articles are more closely related to the living human language, while categories rather deal with structurization of information, and, as part of it, with ambiguities that exist between several languages.

An example: a German surname Piel and an English surname Peel will be represented in Russian by the same article, as Russian spelling is phonetic. Very often ambiguities or quasi-homonyms may arise just because one language does not distinguish certain sounds, which will sometimes result in politically provocative similarities: for example, a German surname Hitler and a Jewish surname Gietler will be spelt in the same way, as Russian does not distinguish G from H, and IE from I or EE.

In the same way, it would be expedient to create several subspaces for each article: a Wikipedia subspace, a categorization subspace (which I consider almost identical, if not totally identical, to the role of Metawiki), a Wikidictionary space, a Wikicommons space etc. Interwikis for each of these spaces should still exist separately.

Links between categories: instead of superior or inferior categories, propose a multiple choice: category A is included in category B, includes category B or is somehow related to category B (the latter is at the moment represented by “See also” lists at the bottom of many articles).

One more word about interwikis. Currently Wikipedia does not allow creating interwikis linking to articles not yet created. In my opinion, Wikipedia should enable users create “red interwikis”. It will solve several tasks:

-	When reading the article, the user will judge by red interwikis that, although articles in these languages have not been created, users of Wikipedias in respective languages are interested in reading such articles, as they at least know how to translate the name of the article in their language.

-	When an article is created, a bot can start searching other Wikipedias for red interwikis under the same name. At the moment, a lot of articles lack links between versions in different languages, just because of this prohibition of red interwikis: users are simply not aware that versions in other languages do exist.

Discussions and forums
One of Wikipedia’s advantages was the easiness of cooperation in process of creating articles. However, while this is easy, some other aspects of cooperation between users in Wikipedia seem to be difficult or awkward (or both), which can potentially result in Wikipedia’s being superseded by competing projects offering more advanced tools of cooperation between users and groups.

At the moment, discussions are attached to certain pages, such as articles, categories, images, user pages etc. Very often discussion between two users creates quite a weird situation when one of them: it is either attached to the user page of one of them (and so is difficult for the other to track back, say, in a year), or is scattered between two user pages, so that several months, sometimes even days later you have to switch between two user discussion pages to understand the topic of the discussion.

What can be done:

1.	Each reply or message should be treated as a separate tagged article or file (whichever is better applicable).

2.	These articles/files should be automatically assigned such tags as user names of the sender and the receiver, as well as the article in whose space it was created. However, users are free to add more tags.

3.	Discussion chains can be created post factum by filtering messages by the above tags, dates, spaces (Wikipedia, Wikimedia, administrative space etc.)

4.	The above will enable searching messages by upper level categories, as well as by multiple languages, as tags will have versions in different languages.

5.	What I described above will be a step forward towards an absolutely new form of global communication, which should supersede existing forums and discussion groups.

While communication between individuals in Wikipedia is still relatively easy, in spite of all the problems described, group cooperation is confined to projects, portals and forums, whose interface does not seem to be cooperation-friendly. Wikipedia lacks an efficient mechanism of creating workgroups. Although a list of interested participants on a project page, or within a category, can be formally considered as a group, it in fact lacks what real groups have: real-time interaction and cooperation. On the other hand, vandals and biased users can create groups outside Wikipedia and cooperate in group attacks, which found reflection in multiple wars within Wikipedia, e.g. on topics related to LGBT, India vs Pakistan, Israel vs Palestine etc. To avoid vulnerability, Wikipedia should enable creation of real-time short-living tagged groups. I am going to discuss it further in this report’s sections about cooperation, user interface and translation.

From thematic cooperation (portals and projects) to tagged cooperation and presentations (and still avoiding the risk of becoming a social network)
It was a surprise for me to discover that certain language versions of Wikipedias do not have user boxes by interests: this is the case, for example, for the German Wikipedia.

Yet, there is a need of cooperation between Wikipedians by interests. Currently, there are several ways, which in my opinion not only overlap, but are all inefficient and insufficient for group cooperation:

1.	User boxes by interest.

2.	Participation in projects/portals.

3.	Individual topic-related discussions on article pages and category pages.

One more thing: one of rules of Wikipedia says that Wikipedia is not a social network. Well, if it is not, so how can users cooperate in working on certain topics and articles? One of the important prerequisites for cooperation is the possibility to quickly find other interested people and quickly organize cooperation. How is it done at the moment? There are several forms, such as thematic weeks or simply sending messages to interested users (and the latter resembles spamming, doesn’t it?)

What I want to propose:

1.	Instead of creating multiple (useless) user boxes, create space within the User Global account allowing him to tag his interests and knowledge of languages. It is quite simple, as the user can just give links to existing articles.

2.	When knowledge of languages is reflected in the global account, it will enable cooperation in translation of articles in a much more efficient way than current embassies do.

3.	Existing portals should be replaced with Wiki-presentations.

To summarize the above: Tagged cooperation is a good alternative of either converting Wikipedia into a social network or scattering information by creating multiple user boxes.

Translation needs a special interface
Wiki editing should be extended with a special panel for Wiki translation. When translation of an article is created, a lot of actions can be performed automatically, such as:

-	Saving it for several days in a special temporary space

-	Automatic translation of terms in square brackets (as long as such articles exist in the target language Wikipedia), which will be a good protection against creating red links just due to ignorance of terminology. Even the most experienced user can be not aware how this or that term is called in his native language (or, if the target language is not his native, it makes the problem even worse).

When an article is created by a person in his/her non-native language, the article should be automatically tagged as “verification by native speaker required”. I suppose that in the future some sly people will pretend to be native speakers, and administrators should be enabled to mark those users as “possibly non-native speakers”.

As Wikipedia efficiently cooperates with Google, may I expect that at least partial integration of Google Translation tool into Wikipedia is possible? Let me be clear, I do not want to create machine-translated articles (being a professional translator and interpreter, I hate machine translated texts), but rather to create a kind of a cheap translation memory tool.

International cooperation: further issues
(to be expanded)


text:
Talk:El Salón de Clase Flashcards

"el salón de clase"? This must be American Spanish, if Spanish at all... "La clase" in Spain's Spanish --Jorge 17:34, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Lol, I copied the title off of the learn Spanish wikibook's first chapter.--Rayc 18:33, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, here in Spain we're usually thaught English by Spanish people... I was surprised to find in the U.K. that "how do you do?" wasn't used lol. But I must say that my aunt, from Perú, refers to "la clase" as "el salón" (which is quite amusing for Spaniards), so maybe it's "el salón de clase" somewhere in America. --Jorge 03:53, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

Random Number Generator
I replaced the random number generator with. There are currently 14 entries in the switch rather than 13, and using mod is a cleaner syntax and faster calculation. Dave Braunschweig (talk) 16:10, 27 November 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:El Salón de Clase Flashcards


text:
Talk:cynology

cynology
"The study of dogs." —RuakhTALK 04:57, 1 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Yup. Uncle G 18:15, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

 * 1951: The American Mercury
 * Students of cynology can trace in the dictionary the dog's remarkable rise in the public esteem in this century.
 * 1985: The Complete Dog Book, published by the American Kennel Club
 * The annals of cynology make no further mention of the breed until 1901 when a combined Rottweiler and Leonberger Club was formed.
 * 1990 Austin Farrer, in his introduction to G. W. Leibniz’ Theodicy; quoted in Charles Taliaferro’s 2005 Evidence and Faith
 * Now neither probatology nor cynology could hope to be universal — the world is not all sheep nor all dog: it would have to be hylology; ...
 * — Beobach972 03:12, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

RFV passed. Thanks, Beobach972. :-) —Ruakh TALK 02:57, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:cynology


text:
combined studies

Noun

 * 1) A course, given at many universities and colleges, in which broad areas of study, rather than limited subjects are taught.

title: combined studies


text:
Cookbook talk:Household Cyclopedia Sauces

I moved this page from Sauces to Household Cyclopedia Sauces to enable the creation of a Sauces recipe index page. I've linked to this page from Sauces. loum 06:38, 29 May 2004 (UTC)


text:
User:Potatomoon

Potato Moon is a contemporary Americana band from Grand Rapids, Michigan. The band is comprised of family members Ben Stancil, Jane Stancil, Laura Stancil, Phillip Stancil, and Phil Stancil Jr., as well as non-family members Michael Sullivan and Jimmy Schultz. The band started in 2001 with their inaugural release, the self-titled folk album,Potato Moon.

title: User:Potatomoon


text:
Travix

Travix International BV (in short, Travix) is a company that manages several travel websites operating in various countries. The company maintains headquarters in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Operations
Travix manages five websites: CheapTickets, BudgetAir, Vayama, Vliegwinkel and Flugladen. The company is affiliated with SGR, ANVR, IATA and the Dutch Home Shopping Organization. Travix has offices in the Netherlands, Dubai, India, Singapore, the UK and the USA.

CheapTickets and Vliegwinkel operate in the Netherlands and Germany (note: the Travix sites CheapTickets.nl and CheapTickets.de are not related to CheapTickets.com, which is owned by Orbitz); Vayama does business in the US, Canada, the UK, Thailand, Hong Kong and Singapore; and BudgetAir has expanded from the Netherlands into Belgium, France and the UK.

History
Travix was established by a merger of CheapTickets (Beins Travel Group Ltd), Vliegwinkel, Flugladen, BudgetAir (Airtrade) and Vayama in January 2011. The oldest part of the company, Vliegwinkel.nl, was created by Airtrade in Haarlem and founded by Wim Butte and Andre Hesselink. Vliegwinkel.nl was the first online travel agency (OTA) in the Netherlands.

On October 4, 2018, international travel company BCD Group announced that it would take full ownership in Travix International BV after purchasing all outstanding shares from minority shareholder ING Corporate Investments.

In January 2020, the Chinese Trip.com Group acquired Travix International BV.

On September 22, 2020, Vayama announced its shutdown.

title: Travix


text:
entrarci

Verb

 * 1) to be able to be contained in; to fit
 * 2)   to have to do with
 * 1)   to have to do with

title: entrarci


text:
Verkh-Katunskoye

Verkh-Katunskoye (Верх-Катунское) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Verkh-Katunsky Selsoviet, Biysky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 2,723 as of 2013. There are 29 streets.

Geography
Verkh-Katunskoye is located on the Katun River, 19 km southeast of Biysk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Chuysky is the nearest rural locality.

title: Verkh-Katunskoye


text:
Computer architecture

Introduction

This course introduces students to the core concepts of Computer Architecture - including hardware components, assembly languages, and pipelining.

Due to the open nature of Wikiversity you are free to browse through these courses at whatever pace you desire. However, before you begin this course you should consider reviewing the material covered in the perquisite courses (listed below) to ensure that you are prepared to learn this content.

In each lesson there is an objective at the top of the page, review these points and keep them in mind as you go through the lesson. At the end there is an assignment to test your understanding and further explain the material. Once you have finished the entire course you may move on to another course in the unofficial degree.

(Note: Many of these lessons are stubs, and they need a lot of help. Please excuse the mess - and help out if you can!).

Prerequisites
''Prerequisites are courses it is suggested you understand before you attempt this course. If you're having a hard time understanding the material in this course, make sure you understand these prerequisites first.''
 * Introduction to Programming
 * Theory of Programming Languages

Lessons

 * 1) /Introduction/
 * 2) /Central Processing Unit/
 * 3) /Control Unit/
 * 4) /Memory Organization/
 * 5) /Input Output Organization/
 * 6) /Overview of Operating System/
 * 7) /Instruction Set Architectures/
 * 8) /Pipelining/
 * 9) Memory Hierarchies (Caches)
 * 10) /Instruction Level Parallelism/

Students
If you are using this course as a learning resource, please sign below by typing 4 tildes (~). <IP_ADDRESS> (discuss) 16:08, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * <IP_ADDRESS> 16:57, 25 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Odlabenonline (talk) 10:16, 4 January 2013 (UTC)
 * <IP_ADDRESS> (discuss) 19:41, 4 June 2013 (UTC)
 * <IP_ADDRESS> (discuss) 14:29, 16 March 2014 (UTC)
 * <IP_ADDRESS> (discuss) 11:31, 14 July 2015 (UTC)
 * <IP_ADDRESS> (discuss) 21:38, 14 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Potentialinwaiting (discuss) 15:45, 28 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Hypergeek14 (discuss • contribs) 21:23, 31 July 2018 (UTC)

Teachers or Contributors
If you are helping to develop this resource, or want to help mentor enrolled students - Please sign below by typing 4 tildes (~). <IP_ADDRESS> (discuss) 20:39, 30 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Azotochtli (talk) 13:50, 13 August 2012 (UTC)

title: Computer architecture


text:
Talk:Philippine peso/Archives/2017

200 peso note
What evidence is there to suggest that the 200 peso note is only rarely used? Anecdotally, I find it at least as common as the 500 peso note, though less common than the 100 and 1000 peso notes. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:32, 16 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Anecdotally, I find the p200 note much less common than the p500 note; I might see half a dozen p200 notes in a year. I spend most of my time on either VBoracay or Romblon islands, however, where relative number in circulation might differ from Manila or other locations. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 03:46, 17 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Anecdotally, I can also state that I rarely see the 200-peso note. —seav (talk) 13:39, 18 August 2017 (UTC)

Name change/major overhaul
ISO 4217 Amendment Number 164 was published in September. One of the chances was, with immediate effect, the changing of the name of the currency to the Philippine piso.

I am inclined to go ahead and move the article. There will be a number of related articles that will also need moved, and some (but not necessarily all) mentions of peso will need changed. I'd like some more-expert eyes to do a lot of that, because of issues with historical usage of the term. —C.Fred (talk) 02:23, 13 October 2017 (UTC)

 * As far as I'm concerned, the move is way too hasty. For one, the law hasn't changed: the BSP's charter still says that the national currency is the peso, and there has been no legal change to the name of the currency. I would only support a move if and when Congress passes legislation dictating that the national currency is the piso, not the peso, and not because the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas decided to change the currency reference in ISO 4217.

 * The peso/piso debate has been brewing on and off here on Wikipedia for the last few years, and there hasn't been a local consensus on whether or not the article should be moved. Last time I checked, consensus among Filipino Wikipedians was firmly in favor of keeping "peso", since that's the name of the currency in English (as opposed to Filipino), and all English references to the currency, including the literature of the BSP, refer to the currency as such. This should've gone through RM first, if you asked me, and so in the interest of making sure that Filipinos know what's being talked about, I'm moving the article back to its original name. --Sky Harbor (talk) 04:47, 4 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Philippine peso/Archives/2017


text:
LIFSE

Laboratorio Industrial Farmacéutico Sociedad del Estado or LIFSE (English: Pharmaceutical Industrial Laboratory, State Society) is a state-owned enterprise that is producing and distributing pharmacy.

History
By 1947, the Santa Fe Province starts with the proceedings for the installation of a medicine plant, to supply the Hospital Pharmacies, which became part of the Ministry of Health National Policies. It was called: Pharmaceutical Industrial Laboratory.

By 1987 The Honorable Legislature of the Province passed the 10.069 Law. This Law states the official creation of the Medicinal Drugs Producing Laboratory (MDPL).

By 1989 The MDPL starts its role as General Direction of Medicinal Drugs Production. It has its own staff, including a Functional Organic Structure and it takes part in the budget of the Ministry of Health as an independent program.

The 11.657 Law authorizes the Executive to transform the MDPL into a State Society.

By 2007 Tha last transformation of MDPL takes place during year 2007. It becomes again the Pharmaceutical Industrial Laboratory.

In April 2008, the Ministry of Health passes the 286 Resolution to create the National Program for the Public Production of Medicines, Vaccines and Medical Products. In this context LIF SE became the first Public Laboratory to provide the Nation with the beta lactam antibiotic Cefalexin Tablets 500 mg. This was carried through the REMEDIAR Program. Continuity in supplying the Nation with Cefalexin during year 2009 was established, as well as the incorporation of the anti diabetics Glibenclamide 5 mg and the Amoxicillin 500 mg.

The constant evolution in building-technological matters, as well as in staff training, makes LIF SE to be prepared to answer to the demands of the Provincial and National Ministry of Health.

Actual LIFSE management focuses on a policy to potentiate production and make itself a variant to solve the many difficulties that may arise on Public Provincial Health. A good example of this is that the Province of Santa Fe is the only one in Argentina that will have a state trademark of its own on contraceptives and that will distribute them for free in Hospitals and to affiliated to provincial social security IAPOS.

title: LIFSE


text:
Vtoraya Kamenka

Vtoraya Kamenka (Вторая Каменка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Vtorokamensky Selsoviet, Loktevsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 707 as of 2013. There are 6 streets.

Geography
Vtoraya Kamenka is located on the Kamenka River, 27 km northeast of Gornyak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Mezhdurechye is the nearest rural locality.

title: Vtoraya Kamenka


text:
Lesotho at the 2020 Summer Olympics

Lesotho competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games have been postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the nation's twelfth appearance at the Summer Olympics, with the exception of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, because of its partial support to the African boycott. Lesotho was the third to last nation to enter before the Lebanon, USA, and France.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Athletics
Lesotho athletes achieved the World Athletics entry standards, by qualifying time, in the following track and field events:

 * Key
 * Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
 * Q = Qualified for the next round
 * q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
 * NR = National record
 * N/A = Round not applicable for the event
 * Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

 * Track & road events

title: Lesotho at the 2020 Summer Olympics


text:
Talk:Red Roses for Me

Fair use rationale for Image:Red roses for me.jpg
Image:Red roses for me.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 09:38, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Red Roses for Me


text:
Bahá'í Faith/Current Events

Introduction
Bahá'ís believe that there are dual processes currently operating in the world. There are dual processes of destruction and construction. A goal of this learning project is to compile news articles to determine the truth that there are "simultaneous processes of rise and of fall, of integration and of disintegration, of order and chaos, with their continuous and reciprocal reactions on each other, are but aspects of a greater Plan, one and indivisible, whose Source is God, whose author is Baha'u'llah, the theater of whose operations is the entire planet, and whose ultimate objectives are the unity of the human race and the peace of all mankind."

Subjects

 * Science

title: Bahá'í Faith/Current Events


text:
User:Bertie~enwikiversity

Albert (aka Bertie) is a student from Kent, England, United Kingdom. His interests include philosophy, and particularly philosophy of religion and philosophy of politics.

title: User:Bertie~enwikiversity


text:
User:Jjjkimaro90/sandbox

Blank template with all parameters Only the most pertinent information should be included. Please remove unused parameters, and refrain from inserting dubious trivia in an attempt to fill all parameters.

honorific_prefix name honorific_suffix alt caption Native name native_name Pronunciation	pronunciation Born	birth_name birth_date birth_place Disappeared	disappeared_date disappeared_place Status	disappeared_status Died	death_date death_place Cause of death	death_cause Body discovered	body_discovered Resting place	resting_place resting_place_coordinates Monuments	monuments Residence	residence Nationality	nationality Other names	other_names Citizenship	citizenship Education	education Alma mater	alma_mater Occupation	occupation Years active	years_active Era	era Employer	employer Organization	organization Agent	agent Known for	known_for Notable work notable_works Style	style Home town	home_town Salary	salary Net worth	net_worth Height	height Weight	weight Television	television Title	title Term	term Predecessor	predecessor Successor	successor Political party	party Movement	movement Opponent(s)	opponents Board member of	boards Criminal charge	criminal_charge Criminal penalty	criminal_penalty Criminal status	criminal_status Spouse(s)	spouse Partner(s)	partner Children	children Parent(s)	parents Relatives	relatives Family	family Call-sign	callsign Awards	awards module module2 module3 module4 module5 module6 Website	website Signature signature.jpg Notes footnotes

title: User:Jjjkimaro90/sandbox


text:
Electronics/Mutual Inductance

Mutual inductance is just like inductance except that there is a hose at the other end to collect the magnetic flow. So current through a ring generates a magnetic field which is collected by the other ring and is turned into current that moves the opposite direction. Mutual inductance relies on AC as DC does not disturb the magnetic field enough. Nominally the inductance can flow through air, but the inductance is more effective when it flows through a magnetic core such as iron.

title: Electronics/Mutual Inductance


text:
User:Sarath S Karuvatta

I'm a Web/UI and GRAPHIC Designer, Proud Indian from a beautiful village in Alleppy, Kerala. Currently i am residing in Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Couple of years back I moved to Kottayam, Kerala to pursue a degree from Mahatma Gandhi University. From the first year of my engineering I happened to found interested in designing and developing websites. As we know the Web industry is skyrocketing in terms of technology and design. People dedicate their time and life to make it even better. I'm happy to be a part of it and I honestly always try to come up with up to date methodologies and designs. What moves me forward is the realization that you have to be the change you want to see in the world.

I’m a multidisciplinary digital designer and developer, and turned freelance in 2012. From my firm in the Kerala, I serve agencies, corporations and start-ups worldwide. I excel at integrating seamlessly into my clients’ teams, becoming their go-to contractor of choice.

I’ll fit seamlessly into your workflow. Whether that’s taking client feedback directly, or attending client meetings as ‘one of your agency team’, we never disclose who I am or what I do for your business.

I am an individual with 6+ years hands on experience in website design & development, JQuery, bootstrap, Wordpress, CMS integration, and print graphics design. I have designed and delivered handful of well designed responsive websites and having satisfied customers all over the world.

title: User:Sarath S Karuvatta


text:
User:Fuzzykiwi

Fuzzykiwi is a nickname that has been with the user since about the time he was in sixth grade. Unlike many false claims and rumors, it is not sexual or perverted in origin. The name is derived from the kiwi bird of New Zealand. Since the bird has soft feathers, the term "Fuzzykiwi" was invented.

title: User:Fuzzykiwi


text:
User:Jaswindersinghtaggar/sandbox

kotli kalan it is a village in punjab.it is located in between mansa and bathinda railway road.

title: User:Jaswindersinghtaggar/sandbox


text:
Anaconda Road massacre

On April 21, 1920, during a miners strike in Butte, Montana's copper mines, company guards fired on striking miners picketing near a mine of the Anaconda Copper Mining Company, killing Tom Manning and injuring sixteen others, an event known as the Anaconda Road massacre. His death went unpunished.

Strike and massacre
On April 19, 1920, the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and the Metal Mine Workers Industrial Union called for a strike in the mines around Butte. They hoped the strike would help secure higher wages, an eight-hour day, and end the use of the rustling card, a system that allowed employers to blacklist employees involved in union organizing, among other goals. The strike came at a weak point for the union movement in Butte. World War I had undermined the power of the Butte Miners Union and the mines around the town were open shops. Only six years earlier, in 1914, the Butte Miners Union Hall had been destroyed. Rising copper prices, fatal mining accidents, and recruitment by the IWW had further exacerbated tensions in the town. Three years before the strike, an IWW organizer named Frank Little was beaten and hanged from a railroad trestle by unknown assailants. Thus, the strike began in an atmosphere of tension.

The day the strike was called, picketers began blocking roads to mines in the area, including the Anaconda Road. These picketers turned non-striking miners away from the mines. By the second day of the strike, the picketers had succeeded in shutting down nearly all mining in Butte. The same day, a local newspaper called the Butte Daily Bulletin reported that the head of the Anaconda Copper Mining Company had suggested killings and hangings to help end the strike. On the 21st, the local sheriff deputized the Anaconda mine guards in an attempt to contain the strike.

That afternoon, a few hundred picketers gathered outside the Anaconda company's Neversweat Mine. The sheriff arrived and apparently attempted to mediate the dispute. However, the Anaconda mine guards opened fire on the picketers, although the reason why the shooting began is unclear. Sixteen miners were hit, and one, Tom Manning, was killed. All were shot in the back as they tried to flee.

Federal troops arrived on the 22nd, ostensibly to prevent further violence. A labor newspaper that wrote about the strike was suppressed. Three weeks later, the strike collapsed completely and the miners returned to work. No one was found guilty as a result of the massacre, despite an inquest into the death of Tom Manning. During the inquest, Anaconda employees testified that a shot had been fired at them from a boarding house across the street, something which residents of the boarding house disputed. Cross-examination of witnesses by union attorneys suggested that the Anaconda employees had received coaching to make their stories align. Anaconda attorneys attempted to undermine their accusers by pointing out that some of the miners had recently immigrated to the United States. In the end, the jury declared that Manning had been killed by a bullet but that the bullet had been fired by unknown persons, and his death is still officially unsolved.

The strike and massacre were the last major labor conflict in the area until the 1934 passage of the National Recovery Act allowed outside support to help rebuild the weakened Butte Miners Union.

Fictional accounts
Dashiell Hammett, once a Pinkerton agent stationed in Butte, Montana—where he (allegedly) turned down an offer to assassinate Little—used some historical background on union troubles and corporate corruption in his novel Red Harvest. The Op summarizes the local history as, "The strike lasted eight months. Both sides bled plenty. The wobblies [Industrial Workers of the World] had to do their own bleeding. Old Elihu [the mine owner] hired gunmen, strike-breakers, national guardsmen and even parts of the regular army, to do his. When the last skull had been cracked, the last rib kicked in, organized labor in Personville was a used firecracker." Elihu justifies the violence with, "Son, if I hadn't been a pirate I'd still be working for the Anaconda for wages, and there'd be no Personville Mining Corporation."

title: Anaconda Road massacre


text:
Talk:Orthoptera

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Devinmaffei.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 05:52, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

How do grasshoppers jump?
how do grasshoppers jump? do they have muscles? how do they do it? i was so confused. i had a random thought while writing an email to my friend. i asked him but i dont know that he will know the answer either. i went to ask jeeves and guess what...you have to pay them to answer your questions. what happened to the good ol days. aahh wikipedia you have done it again (not really coz you didnt answer my question) but if anyone has the answer please post it on here...somehow... tah :) — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:46, 11 August 2006

 * Yes, they have muscles. Per, "The interior of the thorax houses the muscles that control the wings and legs."  Also see the detailed description in .  Presumably the anonymous user from over a decade ago isn't going to come back for this answer, but I suppose it's a valid point as to whether Orthoptera should go into more detail than "with hindlegs elongated for jumping".  --Dan Harkless (talk) 05:12, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Guess it's time to close this 11-year-old thread. I've mentioned muscles along with the hindlegs. Chiswick Chap (talk) 07:29, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

Wings
when there wings touch they make a realy weird noise. theres a fore wing hidden under there acual wings. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 1:53, 1 September 2007

Orthoptera as food
This section makes blanket generalizations and vague allusions to Biblical tenets. There are no sources cited. A cursory search on the topic reveals there are many differing viewpoints and a complex subject such as this cannot be reduced to two unsourced sentences.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:13, 26 September 2008 (UTC)

 * In Leviticus 11:22 Of them you may eat: the locust of any kind, the bald locust of any kind, the cricket of any kind, and the grasshopper of any kind., so yes the Orthoptera order is considered "clean food". I will add the reference and remove the dispute.```` — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:44, 20 December 2008

 * I agree, there are other people who eat them, in South-America for instance. They of course also are used to feed pets.  I'm adding this to my TODO list.  — Paleo  Neonate  - 03:54, 8 July 2017 (UTC)

 * Also agreed! It seems like Grasshopper has lots of pictures and info that could be relevant here. I'm still a fledgling Wikipedian, so I'm not sure if we should just copy some things from there to here, link to it somehow, or do something else entirely, but it does seem like a good place to improve the article. ChristianCanCook (talk) 23:31, 18 February 2022 (UTC)

Phylogeny
I feel like the phylogeny should show superfamilies rather than a select number of families and subfamilies for some of them. — Preceding unsigned comment added by DSWebb (talk • contribs) 17:43, 29 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Support: this is repetition (and out of date in places) - better to expand at suborder/superfamily levels. Our objective surely, is to make linkages with families and all the genera - some pages of which I have 'found orphaned' when setting-up superfamily/family pages. Roy Bateman (talk) 08:58, 6 January 2018 (UTC)
 * The oddly-titled "Phylogenetics" section contains only a cladogram which goes only to superfamily level. If you're referring to the "Classification" section then fine, prune away. It's uncited, and says nothing about phylogeny, unless you suppose that taxonomy reflects ancestry: hm, or perhaps ha. Chiswick Chap (talk) 09:02, 6 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your edits and agree - in fact, the whole Classification section can perhaps simply be deleted here, since we have the { {Orthoptera|1} } bar at the bottom and all the superfamilies are also listed in the taxobox. Roy Bateman (talk) 12:13, 6 January 2018 (UTC)
 * I woulds say combine the classification and phylogeny sections with better referencing, but never remove simply because a nav bar is present. The nav bars should not be relied on and should be deleted before inline prose sections.-- Kev  min  § 14:15, 6 January 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
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"Rhipineoptera" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rhipineoptera&redirect=no Rhipineoptera] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Utopes (talk / cont) 06:37, 15 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Orthoptera


text:
värma

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  heat, warmth (the same as värme)

Verb

 * 1) to warm, heat up

title: värma


text:
Talk:Dave Watson

UEFA Euro 1988 player?
Dave Watson has been put in the above category, though I'm pretty sure that he wasn't a member of England's squad for the finals that year. Does anyone have a source that can confirm? Thanks. --EH74DK 07:21, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

 * This page shows him as a member of the squad, but the actual appearances are not listed. Hope this helps. Daemonic Kangaroo 07:48, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

 * See also [] Daemonic Kangaroo 07:51, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

there is also another Dave Watson who is a english mountain biker, but he is not on wikipédia —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:13, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Dave Watson


text:
Jagmohan Singh (athlete)

Jagmohan Singh (1 April 1932 – 17 November 2020) was an Indian hurdler. He competed in the men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Singh died on 17 November 2020 at the age of 88.

title: Jagmohan Singh (athlete)


text:
Germanium(II) hydrides

Germanium(II) hydrides, also called germylene hydrides, are a class of Group 14 compounds consisting of low-valent germanium and a terminal hydride. They are also typically stabilized by an electron donor-acceptor interaction between the germanium atom and a large, bulky ligand.

Synthesis
The first stable monomeric germylene hydride was reported by Roesky et al. in 2001. Initial attempts to synthesize the compound involved treating a β-diketiminato germylene chloride precursor, [{HC-(CMeNAr)2}GeCl] (where Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H), with LiAlH4, though this proved unsuccessful, with the formation of an aluminum dihydride species instead. However, use of the weaker reducing agent NaBH4 resulted in the formation of a germylene hydride with a borane adduct. They found that the Ge-H bond was inert in this adduct, and so the borane adduct was able to be selectively removed at room temperature by a PMe3 scavenger, resulting in the desired terminal germylene hydride:

When the β-diketiminato germylene chloride was treated with the alane-amine adduct AlH3•NMe3 in toluene at -4 °C, the solution underwent a color change from yellow to orange-red as the volatile trimethylamine was removed from the solution, and the resulting power was identified as the stable terminal germylene hydride with 60% yield, thus affording the first direct synthetic route:

The synthesis and isolation of two digermanium germanium(II) hydrides have also been reported. One of these compounds was formed by the addition of L-selectride to a bulky germanium(II) chloride in ether, while the other was formed by the addition of L-selectride to the same germanium(II) chloride in toluene, followed by filtration and the dropwise addition of PMe3.

The first stable acyclic germylene hydride was formed from the dissociation of a hydrido-digermene. The initial monomeric germylene chloride was synthesized by the reaction of a bulky lithium amide ligand and GeCl2•dioxane. Although synthesized from multiple synthetic pathways, reaction of the germylene chloride with L-selectride in toluene at -80 °C most directly gives the orange crystalline hydrido-digermene with 52% yield. This digermene is thought to be in equilibrium with a two-coordinate hydrido-germylene, which can be isolated upon addition of DMAP (dimethylaminopyridine) at 20 °C, giving pale yellow crystals of the three-coordinate germylene hydride in 27% yield.

Similar to the germylene hydrides, the first known example of a germyliumylidene hydride (a germylene hydride cation) was isolated in 2014. This compound can be formed from a two step process, starting with the reaction of potassium bis(NHC)-borate with GeCl2•dioxane to yield a zwitterionic germyliumylidene chloride. The Cl/H exchange can then be undergone via reaction with to give the germylene hydride cation in 91% yield.

The germylene hydride cation was also further reacted with the trityl cation, [Ph3C]^{+}[B(C6F5)4]^{-}, as a hydride scavenger, which resulted in the formation of an adduct with the three-coordinate germylene hydride cation acting a donor and a two-coordinate Ge(II) dication as an electron acceptor.

Structure and bonding
The β-diketiminato germylene hydride reported Roesky et al. crystallizes in the P21/n space group as two isostructural molecules per unit. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the orange-red crystals showed that the germanium atom is tetrahedrally coordinated by the hydrogen atom, the β-diketiminato ligand, and the germanium lone pair. The Ge-N bond length is reported to be 1.989 Å and the Ge-H bond displays an absorption at 1733 cm−1, corresponding to a stretching mode.

Atoms-in-molecules and electron localization function analysis
In an atoms-in-molecules analysis of GeH, 3 critical points (2 attractors and a bond critical point) were found. Computed natural bond order and atoms-in-molecules charges both showed a positive charge on germanium and a negative charge on the hydrogen, indicating a significant charge transfer to hydrogen and generating a Ge+H− polarization. Similar results were found for Ge2H, with a positive charge on both germanium atoms and a negative charge on the hydrogen. However, there were 3 bond critical points found, as well as 1 ring critical point.

Hydrogermylation
Germanium(II) hydrides have been reported to take part in a wide array of hydrogenation reactions. The first of these reactivities were reported by Jana et al. in 2009, but have been significantly expounded upon since then. The bulk of reported reactivities are for the β-diketiminato germylene hydride. For many of these reactions, including reactions with alkynes and carbon dioxide, germanium is found to retain its oxidation state during the transfer of hydrogen.

CO2 reduction
The hydrogenation of carbon dioxide by the β-diketiminato germylene hydride proceeds at room temperature without a catalyst to form the germylene ester of formic acid in quantitative yield. This germylene ester is reported to further react at -78 °C with the nucleophile lithium amidoborane (LiH2NBH3), which can be formed by treatment of the commercially available ammonia borane with n-BuLi, to generate lithium formate in high yield (85%-95%). Lithium formate can be converted to formic acid with an acid workup and the original germylene hydride was found to reform in the generation of lithium formate, thus making a germylene hydride a potential catalyst for conversion of carbon dioxide to formic acid. Furthermore, it was found that the same germylene hydride reacts with 3 equivalents of ammonia borane at 60 °C in THF, producing methanol (after an aqueous workup) and again reforming the germylene hydride. The stability of the germylene hydride to water also allows it to be recovered from the other reaction products via an extraction in benzene, an important property for any catalyst to be used to generate chemical feedstocks.

In 2014 Tan et al. showed that the β-diketiminato germylene formate and a closely related germylene formate compound can both produce methanol in high yield with alane used as a hydride source, providing yet another route for germylene hydrides to be used as catalysts for carbon dioxide transformations.

Alkynes
The β-diketiminato germylene hydride is reported to react with several alkynes, including ethyl propiolate to form a vinyl germylene in good yield (>80%). This reaction occurs via the 1,2-addition of the germylene hydride across the alkyne triple bond, as opposed to an H2 elimination involving one of the C-H bonds of the alkyne. This reaction also requires no catalyst, in contrast to previously reported reactions of Ge(IV)-H and alkynes that have necessitated a variety of catalysts.

Ketones
Activated ketones, such as 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone, react with the β-diketiminato germylene hydride to form the corresponding germylene alkoxide in quantitative yield. This reaction proceeds through a nucleophilic hydride addition to the carbonyl carbon of the ketone. However, this reaction is unsuccessful with less electrophilic ketones, such as acetone and benzophenone.

Elemental sulfur
Two equivalents of elemental sulfur react with the β-diketiminato germylene hydride to give a germanium dithiocarboxylic acid analogue in moderate yield (60%). In formation of the product, the oxidation state of germanium changes from Ge(II) to Ge(IV), thus requiring both the insertion and oxidative addition of elemental sulfur into the Ge(II)-H bond. No intermediates have been isolated and the mechanistic order of these steps is currently unknown.

There was also no evidence found for any tautomeric equilibrium of the germanium dithiocarboxylic acid analogue, which is reflected in the two varying Ge-S bond lengths (2.064 Å and 2.242 Å).

Hydroboration
The previously reported acyclic amido germylene hydride was found to catalyze the hydroboration of a variety of aldehydes and ketones with the mild borane reagent HBpin (pin = pinacolato). The catalytic efficiency of aldehyde conversions was markedly greater for aliphatic aldehydes, with turnover frequencies (TOFs) ranging from 2000-6000 h−1, than for aromatic aldehydes, whose TOFs never exceeded 67. This efficiency discrepancy can be explained by the increased steric bulk of aromatic aldehydes that make it more difficult for the oxygen nucleophile to approach the Ge metal in the rate-determining step, as well as by the decreased Lewis basicity of the oxygen the aryl substituents impart.

The ketones were found to require a significantly higher catalyst loading than the aldehydes and, furthermore, reacted at a much slower rate than the aldehydes. Notably, however, the majority of reported catalytic efficiencies for both the aldehydes and ketones were greater for the germylene hydride than for previously reported transition metal catalyzed hydroborations using HBpin.

Nitrous oxide
Reaction of the β-diketiminato germylene hydride with nitrous oxide produces a germylene hydroxide, the first reported Group 14 metal hydride to react with N2O in such a way. Nitrous oxide serves as an oxygen source to form this compound in almost quantitative yield.

Trimethylsilyl azide
Trimethylsilylazide (Me3SiN3) forms two products in a 1:1 ratio upon reaction with the β-diketiminato germylene hydride: a germanium(II) azide and a germanium(IV) diamide. The germanium(II) azide is thought to form from the metathesis of the germylene hydride and trimethylazide, with concomitant elimination of Me3SiH. The mechanism for germanium(IV) diamide is less clear, though it is proposed that the pathway involves an oxidative addition-insertion of a nitrene (:NSiMe3), formed in situ via dinitrogen elimination from the azide, along with intramolecular hydride shifts.

Azo and diazo compounds
The β-diketiminato germylene hydride has been reported to react with both ethyl diazoacetate and trimethylsilyldiazomethane, forming germanium(II)-substituted hydrazone derivatives. The reaction progresses by the end-on insertion of the diazoalkane into the Ge(II)-H bond, with subsequent hydrogen transfer to the nitrogen. Electronic structure analysis shows that the stability of the product stems from a shifting of electron density from the N-N bond onto the Ge-N bond. The analysis also shows that diazoalkane insertion destabilizes the ring structure and that the R-group likely plays little role in the stability of the compound.

The oxidative addition of the β-diketiminato germylene hydride with diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) is also reported to proceed at room temperature in high yield.

title: Germanium(II) hydrides


text:
Cookbook:Cuisine of Spain

| European cuisines

Introduction
The cuisine of Spain is one of the most intriguing the world has to offer. The diverse landscape, climate, and culture of Spain, combined with its rich history, create a cuisine unlike any other. The turbulent history of the Iberian Peninsula had a great influence on the cuisine of Spain, like the Romans, the Visigoths, and the Moors all left their culinary mark. The post-Franco Renaissance that encouraged richness and diversity in all aspects of life is demonstrated through the unique Spanish way of cooking. Spain is made up of 17 autonomous regions, each differing in natural resources, creating a variety of specialty dishes specific to each region. In general, Spanish cuisine relies on Mediterranean flavors - garlic, olive oil, and fresh herbs. Spanish cuisine is sophisticated, yet basic, unadorned and elegant.

Dining Customs
The meal hours and dining customs in Spain are very different from those in many other countries. Breakfast in Spain is known as "el desayuno," and it is not so much a meal, but a very small nibble in the morning. Many Spaniards will just have coffee, or "café con leche", while others have coffee and cookies, toast, cereals or a croissant.

The main meal, "la comida", is eaten in the middle of the day, but is usually more substantial than lunch. La comida is usually eaten around 2 o'clock in the home, as a family, and is an important part of Spanish customs. La comida is usually a three-course meal. Bread, water, and wine are typically served with the meal.

La cena, or dinner as we know it, is a lighter meal than la comida. This simple meal is eaten after 9 o'clock.

When dining in Spain, there are some different table manners that are an important part of proper etiquette:

 * If you are invited for a meal in a Spaniard's home, it is proper to bring a gift such as chocolates, pastries, cakes, wine, liquor or brandy, or flowers.
 * Remain standing until you are invited to sit down. You may be shown to a particular seat.
 * Do not begin eating until the hostess starts.
 * Always keep your hands visible when eating by resting your wrists on the edge of the table. It is rude to have your hands under the table!
 * The hostess gives the first toast and it is customary for the honored guest to return the toast later in the meal.
 * Use silverware for eating most foods- even fruits are eaten with a fork and knife!
 * The best way to compliment the cook is by accepting another serving when offered.
 * If you have not finished eating, cross your fork and knife on your plate with the fork over the knife.
 * Indicate you have finished eating by placing your fork and knife parallel on your plate, tines facing up, handles facing to the right.

National dishes

 * Paella recipes
 * Tapas
 * Tortilla de patatas

Andalucía
Andalucía is the region located in the southern part of Spain, that makes up part of the Iberian Peninsula. This is an area that was inhabited by Greeks, Phoenicians, Romans, Visigoths, Berbers and Arabs before being conquered by the Spanish crown. This diverse cultural heritage has greatly impacted the dishes that Spaniards in the south enjoy today. The conquest resulted in the introduction of olive oil and garlic to the Iberian Peninsula, Spain now being the largest producer of olive oil in the world. The Romans introduced Andalucíans to the cooking methods of roasting, grilling, and baking. Their most important contribution was the introduction of irrigation systems, which allowed for the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and a variety of grains.

The Visigoths brought spinach, radishes, and some beans to Andalucía. Spain's cuisine was completely revolutionized by the Moorish conquest of 711, during which the Moors occupied the country for more than seven centuries, leaving a great culinary mark. When the Moors conquered Spain, they brought almonds, rice, sugar cane, eggplant, citrus fruits, and spices, which are all very important to Spain's cuisine.

The warm and varied landscape and climate of Andalucía has a large influence on the gastronomy. Andalucía is made up of mountain ranges, countryside and coast, which makes for a wide range of possibilities when it comes to cultivating crops. Being surrounded by both the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, you are always sure to find fresh-caught seafood in most of Andalucía.

Andalucía's Specialties

 * Gazpacho
 * Flamenco Eggs (Huevos a la Flamenca)
 * Andalucían Style Aparagus (Cazuela de espárragos a la Andaluza)

Valencia
Valencia is a region of Spain that is located on the Mediterranean coast. Valencia was known as the "Garden of Spain," because of its orange groves, olive groves, rice fields, and vineyards that nowadays have become wonderful villas with their nice swimming pool. There is a variety of delicious seafoods in Valencia because it is right on the sea. The cuisine in Valencia is similar to that of Andalucía, because it is a Mediterranean diet, influenced by the Romans, Arabs, and Moors.

During the 500 year rule of the Moors, a water canal system for agriculture was built in Valencia, which contributed greatly to the growth of new crops. The Arabs brought artichokes, nuts, dried fruit, and rice, which grows abundantly in the swampy land near the Mediterranean. The mass production of rice is especially important in Valencia, because it allows the creation of Paella. The Arabs also introduced important spices in cooking, such as saffron, cinnamon, and nutmeg.

Valencia's Specialites

 * Paella valenciana
 * Arroz negro
 * Paella de marisco

Catalonia
Catalonia makes up the northeastern corner of Spain. Like the other regions, Catalonia's cuisine is predominantly Mediterranean, but the influences of other cultures can certainly be tasted. The Romans and the Greeks have impacted the cuisine, along with the French, and Italians. This has resulted in the blending of the Mediterranean diet, with dishes that can be recognized as French or Italian.

To the east, Catalonia borders on the Mediterranean Sea, the coastlines being the Costa Brava and the Costa Daurada in the Tarragona area. This location introduces a seafood cuisine, such as lobster, crayfish, sea urchins, rock fish, and many more. Inland, Catalonia is made up of valleys, and mountains, such as the Pyrenees, which contribute other important staples to the cuisine. Mushrooms grow in all parts of Catalonia, as well as other vegetables and rice. Catalonia is well known for its various sausages and mixed vegetable stews. Catalonia is also very well known for its wine and vineyards, due to the varied landscape.

Catalonia's Specialties

 * Shrimp with Garlic (Gambas al Ajillo)
 * Salsa Romesco
 * Crema Catalana
 * Mixed Seafood Sarsuela
 * Aioli (Garlic Mayonnaise)

Drinks (Bebidas)

 * Sangría
 * Granizado de Límon (Lemon Granita)
 * Horchata de Chufas
 * Sidra (Hard Cider)

Recettes de cuisine espagnole

title: Cookbook:Cuisine of Spain


text:
Talk:Dick Thornburgh

Trivia
I deleted the Trivia section. It was completely pointless, and had no real importance or revelance. I'm sure the editors would agree with the delete. I know that some would say that's the point of trivia, but discussing whether he actually saw a pornographic film, or made a verbal blip while trying to make a joke about an odd question on a talk show 16 years ago isn't trivia, and isn't even important, (as I said earlier). I strongly disagree with having it in their because it is so irrelevant and pointless, again all of this is a restatement of what I said earlier. --<IP_ADDRESS> 20:39, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Sam Sparks libelled?
Karl Rove & Company's successful lawsuit against Dick Thornburgh is described in each man's Wikipedia article. Each description mentions that the judge, Sam Sparks, was an appointee of George H. W. Bush in a way that hints at impropriety. Alas, Times v Sullivan may have vitiated the judge's remedies under libel law.

The facts in the account may be, strictly speaking, true. But the facts are arranged in a way to imply wrongdoing. Even though neither article explicitly charges any wrongdoing, don't they, in effect, make an unsubstantiated charge of misbehavior against a living person?

Is this necessary, absent some evidence of malfeasance?

Mr Rove seems to be especially unpopular, but doesn't this language represent an unwarranted slur against Judge Sparks?

Cheers, --AndersW (talk) 08:43, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Yeah, what's with the Karl Rove thing??? I mean was he Thornburgh's 1992 Senatorial campaign manager???  You never really say what the deal was clearly and you don't have any media sourcing.  In PA, Dick Thornburgh has always had a good rep with both DEMS and GOP.User:JCHeverly 22:34, 20 September 2013 (UTC)

connection to Dan Rather lawsuit vs. CBS/Viacom
Can somebody with more Wikipedia expertise think of a way to take into account what Dan Rather said in his Larry King interview 21Sep2007, which mentioned Mr. Thornburgh re. the investigation of the memo... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oW0gGy_95Qw <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:00, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

Awkward sentences
1. Despite a Democratic majority in the commonwealth, he and running mate William W. Scranton III defeated Pittsburgh mayor Peter F. Flaherty.
 * This sentence really should be rewritten to include Peter Flaherty's running mate. Currently, it sounds as if Thornburgh and Scranton teamed up (unfairly) against one guy, Flaherty.  Everyone knows that this is not the case; someone must know Flaherty's running mate, eh?ThsQ (talk) 17:14, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

Very poorly sourced
Can this article be improved with more reliable sources? Thank you, --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:28, 30 October 2011 (UTC)

Both wives named Ginny?
OK, I'll bite. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:30, 30 October 2011 (UTC)

Yes. A charming coincidence. Unbecca (talk) 22:23, 17 July 2020 (UTC)

External links modified
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 17:23, 12 December 2016 (UTC)

Later political life / Personal life
Some of the things included under Personal life seem to belong rather under Later political life. so I will move them. Dgndenver (talk) 18:08, 20 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Dick Thornburgh. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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Richard Thornburgh and Budd Dwyer
Hello Wikipedians,

No mention is made of the public suicide of Pennsylvania’s former State Treasurer Budd Dwyer in 1987 and the doubtful role Thornburgh played in the intrigue he was involved in. Speaking of Thornburgh’s doing in the 80’s you write:

“However, he was also known for scandals which involved charging the commonwealth for his wife's travel expenses as well as State Police escorts for his children.”

This information is highly significant and leads to an article published in 1990 in the Executive Intelligence Review and signed by Steve Komm and Jeff Steinberg, where some excerpts are taken from Dwyer’s last words during his press conference held on January, 22 of 1987 before he ended up shooting himself in front of the journalists. Dwyer accused Pennsylvania’s former Governor Thornburgh of being behind the investigation and what he called a “political persecution” which finally led to the tragical action of the desperate State Treasurer:

"Then in February of 1984, another significant event occurred in my life. In conformity with Pennsylvania law, I refused to pay the travel voucher for Mrs. Dick Thornburgh's trip to Europe and Governor Thornburgh told Bob Asher and others that he would 'get Dwyer.' Thanks to you, the media, Governor Thornburgh has a very positive image but if his staff had ever let you get close to him you would have found a short temper and a vicious, vindictive personality. Governor Thornburgh's resolve to get me increased when 'Ginnygate' was followed by 'chauffeurgate'.in March, April, and May of 1984 which was properly brought to my attention by reporter Wally Roche of the Philadelphia Inquirer. Then our recent governor began referring to me as 'the Fat F-k,' which can be attested to by several people." <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:22, 15 March 2018 (UTC)

"However, he was also known for scandals which involved charging the commonwealth for his wife's travel expenses as well as State Police escorts for his children."

this is information is not significant and most importantly it is false.

(1) The inlcusion of the word "however" is bias insofar as it covertly imputes guilt on Thornburgh's behalf.

(2) Thornburgh did not charge the Commonewealth for his wife's expenses-- his wife Ginny allegedly did (by mistake).

(3) prior to their trip, the Thornburgh’s had issued a press release “expressly stating that she (Ginny Thornurgh) would pay her own expenses” and Thornburgh statetd that she “repeatedly requested that my staff advise her of the amount of reimbursement so that she could write up a check”, but

(4) Regarding the use of the state police, Thornburgh responded that “the security detail provided its services to all members of our household as the officers deemed necessary for our protection. We neither asked for nor questioned these services, which were no different than those provided to our predecessors”. There is no evidence to suggest that this anything other than the truthStanzsd 09:48, 3 January 2021 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Stanzsd (talk • contribs)

title: Talk:Dick Thornburgh


text:
User:Dreabcuz/sandbox

KaliRaps (Entertainer)
Kevin Hammonds (born November 8, 1985), better known as his stage name KaliRaps, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter,freestyler, and record producer.

title: User:Dreabcuz/sandbox


text:
Hat (Mike Keneally album)

Hat, stylized as hat., is the first studio album by Mike Keneally, originally released in 1992 on Exowax Recordings. It includes the 14 minutes-long complex composition "Lightin' Roy" (dedicated to Frank Zappa) performed entirely by Mike.

Track listing
All songs composed by Mike Keneally, except "The Car Song", composed by Mike and Marty Keneally.

 * 1) "Your Quimby Dollars at Work" - 0:38
 * 2) "I Can't Stop" - 3:31
 * 3) "Ugly Town" - 3:43
 * 4) "Open Up!" - 3:43
 * 5) "Dhen Tin" - 1:17
 * 6) "Spearmint Pup" - 1:57
 * 7) "Fencing" - 3:11
 * 8) "Always Man" - 2:25
 * 9) "My Immense Superiority Over the Silverfish" - 0:15
 * 10) "Eno and the Actor" - 2:30
 * 11) "The Car Song" - 5:15
 * 12) "Heaven Likes You/Apple Pie" - 2:11
 * 13) "Backstage with Wilson Phillips" - 2:41
 * 14) "Here Is What I Dreamed" - 3:07
 * 15) "Here Is Why" - 2:13
 * 16) "Performing Miracles" - 3:40
 * 17) "Spoon Guy" - 1:09
 * 18) "And That's Why It's Called Spunk" - 0:07
 * 19) "Johnny One-Note/The Exciting New Toothpaste from Mars" - 1:27
 * 20) "Day of the Cow 1" - 2:23
 * 21) "Snowcow" - 4:38
 * 22) "Day of the Cow 2" - 1:12
 * 23) "We're Rockin' All Night wit the Tangy Flavor of Cheddar" - 4:53
 * 24) "Rosemary Girl" - 3:30
 * 25) "Lightnin' Roy" - 14:46

Personnel

 * Mike Keneally - vocals, guitars, keyboards, bass, percussion
 * Doug Booth - bass on 2, 10, 11, 16, 24
 * Mark DeCerbo - sad vocals on 3
 * Marty Eldrige - percussion on 4, 20; harmonica on 20
 * Marty Keneally - Effect guitars on 16
 * Paul Abbott - Acoustic guitar on 21
 * Kevin Gilbert - backing vocals on 10, 12
 * Tom Freeman - drums on 4, 5, 8, 20, 22
 * Doug Lunn - bass on 1, 3, 13, 14, 15, 17, 23
 * Daryl Monroe - vocals on 3
 * Carlos Olmeda: backing vocals on 5
 * Toss Panos - drums on 1, 3, 13, 14, 15, 17, 23
 * Alan Silverstein - drums on 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 24; bells on 8
 * Bob Tedde - backing vocals on 11, 16
 * Cici Porter - backing vocals on 8, 14, 24
 * Andy Vereen - backing vocals on 24
 * Buddy Blue - dobro, dialogue
 * Scott Thunes - bass on 7, 8

title: Hat (Mike Keneally album)


text:
tantal

Noun

 * 1) tantalum metallic chemical element

Noun

 * 1) tantalum

Noun

 * 1) tantalum metallic chemical element with atomic number 73

Etymology
, from, from. .

Noun

 * 1) tantalum

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) tantalum (a metallic chemical element with an atomic number of 73.)

Noun

 * 1) tantalum

Noun

 * 1) tantalum element

Noun

 * 1) tantalum

Noun

 * 1)  tantalum (a metallic chemical element with an atomic number of 73.)

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  tantalum

title: tantal


text:
Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards 2013

The winners of the 14th Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards, honoring the best in filmmaking in 2013, were announced on January 8, 2014.


text:
Category talk:Stock symbols for companies

Uh... I thought we didn't do these. DAVilla 09:10, 24 October 2007 (UTC)


text:
Portal:Research/New/Intro

Welcome to Wikiversity's research portal! This is intended to be a quick link out to resources about what research is, how to do research, what kinds of research there are, as well as research activities within Wikiversity. You can find all research-related pages from Category:Research - but hopefully on this page you are just one or two clicks away from where you want to be!

If you are interested in research - of any description - or simply want to find who else is doing research on Wikiversity, please see the researchers page - and please feel free to add yourself and your interests..

Please also note: Wikiversity is still very young - we would appreciate your input in all aspects of our work - developing resources, as well as our research guidelines. Even this page itself is under heavy construction - please bear with us - or, preferably, pitch in.

title: Portal:Research/New/Intro


text:
Miskindzha

Miskindzha (Мискинджа; Мискискар) is a rural locality (a selo) in Dokuzparinsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 3,522 as of 2010. There are 18 streets.

Geography
Miskindzha is located on the right bank of the Samur River, at the northern foot of Shalbuzdag, 7 km west of Usukhchay (the district's administrative centre) by road. Usukhchay and Dzhaba are the nearest rural localities.

Nationalities
Lezgins live there.

title: Miskindzha


text:
Draft:Operating system/Operating Systems/Fundamentals

About This Course
This course is designed to provide students with the fundamental understanding of what an operating system consists of, as well as how they are used in the business environment.

What is an operating system?
An operating system (OS) is a computer program that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer. At the foundation of all system software, an operating system performs basic tasks such as controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing system requests, controlling input and output devices, facilitating networking, and managing files. It also may provide a graphical user interface for higher level functions. It forms a platform for other software.


text:
Mad Max:Sound of joy:GarageBand with symphony orchestra:Pop Quiz 1

{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 50%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 2px solid #f77; vertical-align: center; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Question 1: Which bell is the best?
In Jam Pack:Symphony Orchestra there are many different bell sounds. Listen to them all and tell me which is the one that you find the most joyful... and tiny!!!

Not big, fat bells. Only tiny and delicate bells, please!

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 * style="width: 50%; background-color: #EFFFEF; border: 2px solid #f77; vertical-align: center; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 10px;" |

Question 2: Which pitch of the bell sounds the happiest?
Once you have isolated the bell that you think will create the best "Sound of Joy", tell me which pitch you find the most pleasant, tiny and delicate.

@undefined.

 * }

{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
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Question 1: Which bell is the best?
In the free Boldt packages from Ben Boldt], there are many different bell-like instruments. Tell me which is the one that you find the most joyful... and tiny!!!

Not big, fat bells. Only tiny and delicate bells, please!

@undefined.

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Question 2: Which pitch of the bell sounds the happiest?
Once you have isolated the bell that you think will create the best "Sound of Joy", tell me which pitch you find the most pleasant, tiny and delicate.

@undefined.
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The Next Page

 * Continue this lesson at Creating the sound of joy with GarageBand and symphony orchestra sounds

 * }


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Aaron William Benjamin

The references of Aaron William Benjamin for playing Under 19 cricket is given in the article (ESPN cric info), which was inclusion from BCCI. https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1161039.html

https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8616/scorecard/1160916/afghanistan-under-19s-vs-united-arab-emirates-under-19s-group-a-asian-cricket-council-under-19s-asia-cup-2018-19

https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8616/scorecard/1160920/india-under-19s-vs-united-arab-emirates-under-19s-group-a-asian-cricket-council-under-19s-asia-cup-2018-19


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User:Terryjohnm

Native of St.John's Newfoundland. Attended the University of King's College in Halifax Nova Scotia for his undergrad in the History of Science and Technology. Avid Paraglider and tech/gear enthusiast.

title: User:Terryjohnm


text:
Portal:Professions/Categories

Browse learning resources in these categories:
 * Professions
 * Architecture
 * Aviation
 * Business
 * Education
 * Engineering
 * Law
 * Medicine
 * Pharmacy
 * Sexual Education
 * Medicine|Veterinary Medicine

title: Portal:Professions/Categories


text:
Talk:B 612 (The Little Prince)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 23:53, 9 October 2021 (UTC)
 * The B 612 Asteroid.jpg

title: Talk:B 612 (The Little Prince)


text:
User:BloodbornMe

Who am I?
I am Clarence and I was born in 07/21/2007. I was also a member of Wikipedia for nearly four years.

My ethnicity? (Q/A) ROUND ONE
I identify myself as a normal Chinese-Canadian citizen.

My favorite books?
I read whatever books that come to my mind

(1) Diary of a WImpy Kid by Jeff Kinney

(2) Big Nate by Lincoln Peirce

My favorite telly (as said by Mr Hamster)
Top Gear

The Grand Tour

title: User:BloodbornMe