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User:Catghoyt/sandbox

 Crow Canyon Archaeological District - Original stub

Crow Canyon Archaeological District
First draft, rewrite:

Crow Canyon Archaeological district is located in the Dinétah region of the American Southwest. This area, known to be the traditional ancestral home of the Navajo people, contains the most extensive collection of Navajo petroglyphs or rock art in the United States. Etched into rock panels on the lower southwest walls of the canyon, the petroglyphs depict what is believed to be ceremonial scenes and symbolic images that represent the stories, traditions and beliefs of the Navajo people. Dating back to the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, the petroglyphs have maintained their integrity despite the occasionally harsh environmental conditions of the canyon and the effects of tourism. Among the ruins in the Crow Canyon Archaeological District there is also a cluster of structures that have been identified as a Navajo defensive pueblito or village.

The Crow Canyon Archaeological District pueblito and petroglyphs were listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Geography and topography
Crow Canyon is located in the center of Dinétah, the ancestral home of the Navajo people. Dinétah is located in what is known as the Four Corners Region of the United States. The region covers a large part of northwestern New Mexico, southeastern Utah, Southwestern Colorado and northeastern Arizona and is surrounded by four mountains standing at each of the cardinal directions. The mountains, considered to be sacred by the Navajo people are, Hesperus Peak (North), Mount Taylor (South), Blanca Peak (East) and the San Francisco Peaks (West). Nestled within these mountains stand three more sacred mountains, Huerfano Mesa, Gobernador Knob, and Navajo Mountain. Crow Canyon is a remote area located in the heart of the mountains.

Low, arid desert landscape, high cliffs, deep canyons and mesas made of sandstone surround the heart of Crown Canyon. Natural erosion resulting from wind and water has carved many irregular rock formations throughout the area.

Navajo history, language and culture
The foundations for the Navajo culture were well established dating back to the years 1100 -1500 A.D. The ancestry of the Navajo people can be traced back to Asiatic origins, specifically the Siberian Highlands, the region inhabited by the Mongols. In Asia, small groups broke off from existing populations and crossed the Bering Strait into North America where they eventually settled in areas of Alaska and Canada and later migrated to the Dinétah region of the American Southwest. The Navajo Nation is currently the second largest tribe in the United States.

The linguistic origins of the Navajo people trace back to the Alaskan Athabaskans who are the Native Alaskan people. The Navajo speak a form of Na-Dené, which is the language spoken by the Southern Athabaskan people.

The culture of the Navajo people is rich in history, symbolism, spirituality, and has a deep connection to the Earth and landscape. Beginning with the [http://navajolegends.org/navajo-creation-story/#:~:text=The%20Navajo%20creation%20story%20is%20a%20beautiful%20tale,an%20island%20with%20a%20single%20pine%20tree%20existed. Navajo creation story], colors have both symbolic and spiritual meaning to the Navajo. There are four colors that are considered sacred by the Navajo people. Black, white, yellow and blue represent each of the sacred mountains surrounding the Navajo in the Dinétah region. In keeping with this, the number four also has special significance to the Navajo, exemplified by the importance of the four cardinal directions, four seasons, first four clans, and rituals that include four songs.

The restoration of harmony in the body is central to Navajo healing. The role of the medicine man is still an active part of Navajo healing. Using methods such as herbs, chants, songs and prayers, the medicine man will also approach healing through supernatural and spiritual forces. The majority of Navajo people prefer to receive more traditional hospital care in hospitals within the Navajo Nation.

Family is of central importance to the Navajo people and the traditional Navajo society was established through matrilineal lineage The Navajo family is based on the traditional domestic unit surrounded by homes of extended family. Navajo children are raised with an ample amount of freedom as a sign of respect for their integrity.

Crow Canyon petroglyphs
The Crow Canyon Archaeological District contains one of the most well known and extensive collections of Navajo petroglyphs in the United States. The south-facing wall of the canyon consists of 44 rock art panels depicting clusters of hundreds of the earliest Navajo petroglyphs known to date. The petroglyphs are believed to have had powerful ceremonial and symbolic meaning to the Navajo people. Many similarities have been observed between the images that are represented in the petroglyphs and the ceremonial sand paintings of the Navajo people. Discovered among the petroglyphs, are also Anasazi images from the early Ancestral Pueblo people.

The petroglyphs were thought to be carved into the rock using stone, bone, wood or possibly even knives or sharp metal tools. Residues of paint that have been analyzed, indicate that the colors were made from local resources available such as minerals and plants.

Hundreds of images representing animals, plants, corn, bow and arrows, spears, warriors, hunting scenes, supernatural beings, and representations of traditional Navajo art can be found on the 44 panels. A number of petroglyphs are believed to depict images of every day Navajo life, as well as images that are representative of the Navajo creation story and religious and spiritual ceremonies. Among the images are found, two male shaman or deities. One deity is depicted with feathers on his back, horns, and a staff and the other is wearing a headdress with bow and a rattle in his hands. What is believed to be a female deity is also represented, it's style being a more traditional Navajo geometric image. Buffalo and elk impaled by arrows and corn stalks growing out of rain clouds symbolize the hunt and the central importance of corn in the lives of the Navajo people, both symbolic of   of a hunter-gatherer culture. A number of petroglyphs are thought to depict every day life of the Navajo and images connected to the Navajo creation story and religious ceremonies.

Crow Canyon pueblito and the pueblitos of Dinétah
A pueblito, which is the Spanish word for, "little or small village", is an earthen and stone structure built above ground, on tops of large boulders, mesas or in discreet locations against canyon walls. Over 100 pueblitos have been discovered by archaeologists in the Dinétah region of the American Southwest and it is believed there may have been more. The number of pueblitos erected across the region is indicative of an extremely tumultuous period in history for the Navajo and Pueblo people and their neighboring tribes. Attacks by the Spanish from the East and South and the Utes from the North, were a constant threat to the Navajo people. The Utes were a threat to both the Navaj o people and the Spaniards. During their raids, the Utes would confiscate horses, guns, woman and children. The women and children were sold or traded as slaves or,"Genízaros" in New Mexico and were very profitable for the Utes.

As a result of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 and the Spanish Reconquest of 1692, many Pueblo tribes left their homes in the Rio Grande Valley to find safety with the Navajo people. The Crow Canyon pueblito is one of a network of defensive sites or pueblitos located in the Dinétah region. These sites were inhabited by the Navajo people and also served as refugee centers for other tribes fleeing from the oppression of Spanish colonialism.

The Crow Canyon pueblito which is located just below the south ridge of the canyon, offered a unique vantage point and a defensive advantage. The pueblito was strategically positioned as part of an extensive communication system in which different Navajo and Pueblo tribes could give warning of oncoming raids and threats. The pueblito itself consisted of four rooms. An additional, detached room, strategically situated on top of a large boulder, was specifically designed and used for defensive purposes as an outlook post.

The ruin of the defensive structure currently stands just over six feet in height with very steep sides which made it easier to defend upon attack. The West Wall of the structure has entirely collapsed and there are partial remains of walls in the ground level rooms, but the passage of time has left its mark. Other structures at the site include, roof beams, the remains of eight forked-pole hogans, two sweat lodges and several areas that were designated for grain storage.

These strategies lasted until approximately the year AD1780 when the threat of attack coupled with a long drought forced the Navajo to leave the pueblitos of their homeland and retreat further south and west.

Examples of other pueblito ruins in the Four Corners region include, Frances Canyon Ruin, Tapacito Ruin, Largo School Ruin, Simon Canyon Ruin, Split Rock Ruin and Hooded Fireplace Ruin.

Archaeology at Crow Canyon
Pueblitos were thought to be temporary habitations during times of regional turmoil. Because of this, the artifacts found at pueblito sites are not as numerous as they would be in more permanent Pueblo villages or hogan clusters or villages that the Navajo traditionally live in.

Ceramic pottery assemblages and lithics found at Crow Canyon archaeological site are dated from the Dinétah phase (AD 1500-1630) and the Gobernador Phase (AD 1650-1777), indicating that the site had different phases of habitation. Dinetah gray, Gobernador polychrome, Acoma Red and Jemez Black-on-white where used in the painting of the pottery, the latter two indicative of cultural and artistic contributions of other Pueblo groups.

Dendochronology or tree ring analysis has been completed on samples from the site, but there has been no conclusive results regarding the date of construction of the pueblito through tree-ring analysis.. Dr. Ronald Towner has done extensive archaeological research in the Dinetah region using tree-ring analysis and indicates in his study in 1997 that masonry structures are dated to correspond with the period of Ute attacks in the Dinetah region. However, tree ring analysis and other archaeological data collected from various pueblito sites in the Dinetah region do not support a relationship to a Puebloan immigration or correspond with the Spanish Conquest temporal framework. . It is, however, known that the Crow Canyon pueblito was inhabited on or around the year AD1723. The analysis indicates the use of pinyon and juniper wood in the immediate area of the site.

Tourism and preservation
The Crow Canyon Archaeological District is among the more remote and hard to access areas of the American Southwest. It is estimated that it is approximately twenty miles to the nearest paved road. A four-wheel drive vehicle is recommended to those visiting, especially after periods of rain. Because of the difficulty of access, there are fewer visitors than other petroglyphs sites in the American Southwest.

The National Park Service has guidelines that must be strictly adhered to when accessing culturally and historically significant areas throughout the United States. It is always recommended that hands are kept away from the petroglyphs and rock art panels. The natural oils from human hands are destructive to petroglyphs and over time, will darken them, making them more difficult to see. Staying on the trails, which are well defined, is extremely important. Climbing the surrounding rocks can dislodge rock material that can damage the integrity of the petroglyph panels. As these lands are considered sacred by the Navajo people, an attitude of respect and care must be maintained to preserve the site for future generations.

title: User:Catghoyt/sandbox


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Talk:paragraph

Theres not always a preceding text, so maybe change it so that it acknowledges new subjects.

 * I agree. --Connel MacKenzie 04:06, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:paragraph


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Portal:Physical Sciences/Physical Sciences news

Geology. "Geology may work in favor of energy producers" by David Elbert. Sandstone domes in the remnants of the North American Midcontinent Rift can be used to store energy.


text:
Ivana Voračková

Ivana Voračková (born 28 August 1979) is a Czech former basketball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.

title: Ivana Voračková


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Perhap

Perhap is a village in Sahar block of Bhojpur district, Bihar, India. As of 2011, its population was 5,285, in 919 households. It is located in the central part of the block.

title: Perhap


text:
Talk:Dilip Chitre

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Dilip Chitre. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:05, 17 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dilip Chitre


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USA-192

USA-192, also known as GPS IIR-16(M), GPS IIRM-3 and GPS SVN-58, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the third of eight Block IIRM satellites to be launched, and the sixteenth of twenty one Block IIR satellites overall. It was built by Lockheed Martin, using the AS-4000 satellite bus.

USA-192 was launched at 19:12:00 UTC on 17 November 2006, atop a Delta II carrier rocket, flight number D321, flying in the 7925-9.5 configuration. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 17A at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and placed USA-192 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37FM apogee motor.

By 17 January 2007, USA-192 was in an orbit with a perigee of 20087 km, an apogee of 20277 km, a period of 717.96 minutes, and 55 degrees of inclination to the equator. It is used to broadcast the PRN 12 signal, and operates in slot 4 of plane B of the GPS constellation. The satellite has a mass of 2032 kg, and a design life of 10 years. As of 2019 it remains in service.

title: USA-192


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Orlík

Orlík may refer to:

 * Orlík nad Vltavou, a municipality and village in the Czech Republic
 * Orlík Reservoir
 * Orlík Castle
 * 11339 Orlík, an asteroid
 * Orlík (band), a former Czech band
 * Orlik (armoured train)

People

 * Emil Orlík (1870–1932), Czech painter, etcher and lithographer

title: Orlík


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Blues Up & Down

Blues Up & Down is an album by saxophonists Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis and Johnny Griffin recorded in 1961 and released on the Jazzland label.

Reception
AllMusic awarded the album 3 stars.

Track listing
All compositions by Johnny Griffin, except as indicated.
 * 1) "Camp Meeting" - 5:26
 * 2) "Blues Up and Down" (Gene Ammons, Sonny Stitt) - 5:03
 * 3) "Nice and Easy" - 7:25
 * 4) "Oh, Gee" (Matthew Gee) - 3:51
 * 5) "Walkin'" (Richard Carpenter) - 6:56
 * 6) "Leapin' On Lenox" (Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis) - 4:35
 * 7) "Layin' On Mellow" (Griffin, Davis) - 4:48

Personnel

 * Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, Johnny Griffin - tenor saxophone
 * Lloyd Mayers - piano
 * Larry Gales - bass
 * Ben Riley - drums

title: Blues Up & Down


text:
Łękwica railway station

Łękwica is a non-operational PKP railway station in Łękwica (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.

title: Łękwica railway station


text:
Beech Grove, Trousdale County, Tennessee

Beech Grove is an unincorporated community in Trousdale County, Tennessee, in the United States.

History
The community was named from the presence of beech trees near the town site.


text:
Talk:Omroepvereniging VARA

Article title
Pro:
 * broadcaster more accurately describes what the company does (more then just TV)

Con
 * links need to be fixed

Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one-sentence explanation, then sign your opinion with  ~

Discussion

 * another possible name might be (network), since it is more in line with the US model of TV stations and channels. But from the dutch origins I prefer (broadcaster) The DJ 16:24, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Strongly support. VARA (tv) is clearly wrong, as VARA is a radio and tv broadcaster; the need to fix links should be no obstacle (I am prepared to do the fixing!) -- Picapica 00:39, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Done. — Nightst a  llion  (?) Seen this already? 19:14, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Thanks :) Yan-Lucky (talk) 20:27, 5 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Hello VARA! Thanks for your uploading of "The Beatles'" photos (1964). Can you please upload some more their photos?

VARA / BNN merger
The infobox entry marked "Dissolved" is very misleading, I think.

As I understand it, the Omroepvereniging VARA (VARA broadcasting association), with its around 410,000 individual members, still exists, as does the Omroepvereniging BNN (around 340,000 members). What happened on 1 January 2014 is that on that date a new association, Omroepvereniging BNN-VARA, was set up – with just two members: Omroepvereniging BNN and Omroepvereniging VARA – and while it is, legally speaking, the new association that broadcasts on the channels and during the hours which have been allocated to it under the Dutch Media Act 2008, its constituent member associations, BNN and VARA, have not been dissolved and continue to function.

This is all better explained in the text of the article, I believe, than summarized (inadequately) in the infobox. I've set it out here first, though, in case any other editors might want to point out any errors in my understanding of the situation! -- Picapica (talk) 00:54, 6 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Omroepvereniging VARA


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User:Kaushikr99

I'm a computer science student at Cornell University. My biggest passion is creating technology that improves and enhances our everyday lives. A couple of my core interests include Mobile and Web Software Development, Internet of Things, Smart Cities, and APIs. Besides that I love exploring nature, traveling, and listening to music.

title: User:Kaushikr99


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noncustodial

Adjective

 * 1)  Not having custody of a child.
 * 2)  That does not involve a term in prison.

title: noncustodial


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Bold Park

Bold Park is a 437 ha urban bushland area in the suburb of City Beach, in Perth, Western Australia. It is located 8 km directly west of the Perth central business district, its western border less than one kilometre from the Indian Ocean. To the east, Perry Lakes reserve is directly adjacent to the park. The hilly topography allows views of both the city and ocean.

History
The Perth City Council established Bold Park in 1936. It was named after William E. Bold on 14 November 1944, who served as town clerk from 1900 to 1944 (the longest serving town clerk in the council's history).

Bold Park is located on a calcareous coastal plain. Limestone formations in the park were quarried to provide stone for the growing population of Perth. The 640-person-capacity Quarry Amphitheatre uses quarry walls for acoustics and shelter.

Bold Park was recognised as an A-class reserve on 10 August 1998. Since 2000, the Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority (BGPA) has managed Bold Park (along with the 406-hectare Kings Park). Frequent fires, recreational activities and weed invasion have plagued Perth's urban bushland areas. The Bold Park Environmental Management Plan (2000–2005) committed the BGPA to restoring the park.

Bold Park Reservoir is situated on the western edge of the park, off Kalinda Drive.

title: Bold Park


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Australian Vocational Education and Training/ICAS3024A Provide basic system administration

From the official document:
 * "This unit defines the competency required to implement components of systems back-up, restore, security and licensing in a standalone or client server environment."

Basically, that means ... (translate above into plain english)

You can read more about this unit on the National Training Information Systems Official document for ICAS3024A.

This unit is part of the following qualifications:
 * Cert III Applications Qualification in Australia

How this unit will help you
After learning and applying the skills required by this unit you'll be able to demonstrate your skills in:

 * translate the above elements and performance criteria into plain english and summarise here...

Ideas for learning the required skills
......

Ideas for demonstrating this unit
The best way to demonstrate these skills is ...

Grading
If you are demonstrating this unit as part of a formal course, you might find that the unit is graded (meaning you can not only demonstrate your competence, but can also gain a credit or distinction). Your facilitator may already have set criteria that your college uses. If not, here are some ideas for possible credit/distinction activities that you can discuss with your facilitator:


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Hofmann–Martius rearrangement

The Hofmann–Martius rearrangement in organic chemistry is a rearrangement reaction converting an N-alkylated aniline to the corresponding ortho and / or para aryl-alkylated aniline. The reaction requires heat, and the catalyst is an acid like hydrochloric acid.

 * [[Image:Hofmann-MartiusRearrangement.png|400px|The Hofmann–Martius rearrangement]]

When the catalyst is a metal halide the reaction is also called the Reilly–Hickinbottom rearrangement (named after Wilfred Hickinbottom and Joseph Reilly).

The reaction is also known to work for aryl ethers and two conceptually related reactions are the Fries rearrangement and the Fischer–Hepp rearrangement. Its reaction mechanism centers around dissociation of the reactant with the positively charged organic residue R attacking the aniline ring in a Friedel–Crafts alkylation.

In one study this rearrangement was applied to a 3-N(CH3)(C6H5)-2-oxindole:

 * [[Image:Hofmann-MartiusApplication.png|400px|Hofmann–Martius rearrangement of 3-N-Aryl-2-oxindoles]]

The reaction is named after German chemists August Wilhelm von Hofmann and Carl Alexander von Martius.

title: Hofmann–Martius rearrangement


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Talk:Urantia Book

study group
What is "a typical Urantia Book study group"? --JWSchmidt 22:28, 2 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Urantia Book study groups are a long-standing diverse tradition. See a brief description here. CQ 02:26, 3 January 2007 (UTC)
 * So does a "diverse tradition" have "typical" format? The first page I found in my google search for such study groups seems to stress the need for keeping out people who are not true believers in the book as a revelation. --JWSchmidt 03:28, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Study groups should encompass everyone. I perused the Urantia Book and felt that it mainly promoted Christianity...so...I edited and condensed it into a 502 page book called Urantia United - (subtitle) Tapping Into The Mind Of God - For Religious Equality. The UB is absolutely beautifully written...but it was written in 1930s when phrases like "superior races" and inferior races" were acceptable...and Jesus was promoted and favored as the "Son of God" over God's other children...this leads to religious prejudice.

IMHO, the Urantia Book was written by great intellectuals (normal God-inspired men) in the 1930s when superstitions and prejudice were the norm...other "Holy Books", written before then, fall into the same category...rewriting them does not diminish them, it enhances their viability. It adds truth and removes superstitions...otherwise, intellectuals and then the normal crowd...will eventually consider them food for the inferior and fables of the older generations...they will be placed in the mythology section.

A reader's response at TruthBook.com: "My first sense was that Kurt had plagiarized the Urantia Book, but on a closer examination, I see that Kurt has not altered the words, merely left some concepts out; he has carefully selected a more simplistic message to feed his sheep. For those who have been "damaged" by Christianity, it allows revelation to impact the reader, it speaks to the Thought Adjuster just as adroitly as the original. He has not claimed authorship. He admits editorial license. He acknowledges the original text. Remember, Jesus said, "He who is not against us is for us." And Kurt is definitely not against the revelation. He values it, sees its potential for inaugurating a new dispensation to include all of us, Urantians United". Kkawohl 00:32, 5 January 2007 (UTC)kkawohl

Thought Adjuster
Do you think that Thought Adjuster provides a reasonable description? All this is new to me. --JWSchmidt 00:43, 5 January 2007 (UTC) Thought Adjuster is "our spirit", "our conscience", "inner voice", and "divine spark", among other descriptive phrases. --Kurt

Wingmakers
I have previously seen the Urantia Book mentioned as an apparent source for the Wingmakers mythology. Not being very familiar with either, I have no basis upon which to form an opinion. Do you think that ideas were taken from the Urantia Book and used in the Wingmakers myths? Would you be willing to classify Urantia as New Age? --JWSchmidt 02:16, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Parts of Wingmaker's ideas seem to interact with the Urantia Book writings. I don't wish to speak for their classification but the Urantia United philosophy is along the lines of New Thought "The central teaching of New Thought is that thought evolves and unfolds, and thinking creates one's experience of the world. The movement places great emphasis in positive thinking, affirmations, meditation, and prayer...however, they generally have been influenced by a wide range of ideas". Kkawohl 04:15, 5 January 2007 (UTC)Kkawohl

Urantia United is designed to support teachers who wish to integrate the principles of religious equality for learning into their theology classroom practice. Assessment advisers, school managers, trainee teachers and researchers may also find these materials helpful. Kkawohl 23:05, 2 January 2007 (UTC)kkawohl

Department of Urantia Book Studies
I almost feel bold enough to create a new department, but I'm not familiar enough with the way things work around Wikiversity. Until I get some feedback, I'll just edit this page in the best fashion I can think of, which might be more or less misguided. Xaxafrad 21:11, 14 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Hmmm. It would probably be fine from my point of view, but I would call it simply Topic:Urantia (see Naming conventions). I notice the Urantia Book article gets good exposure at School:Theology under both "Learning resources" and "Wikisource" sections.

 * Generally, "Topic:" pages are for groups of editors (divisions or departments) managing a number of resources in the main namespace . For example, Wikiversity doesn't even have a Topic:Christianity even though at least 17 articles in the main namespace could and should be handled by such a group. We have a Topic:Scientology so... why not? • CQ 16:39, 7 August 2007 (UTC)
 * There is a related organizational discussion at: Topic talk:Biblical Studies. There is Portal:Christianity. --JWSchmidt 17:34, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

After the Hiatus...
Well, it's been 5 years since I've been around these pages, and it seems to have been a period of hibernation. The overall project (Wikiversity) seems to be going strong, so I'll see if we can breath some new life into the UB corner therein. Xaxafrad (talk) 04:08, 20 December 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Urantia Book


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Daule

Daule may refer to:

Locations in Ecuador

 * Daule Canton
 * Daule, Esmeraldas
 * Daule, Guayas
 * Daule River

Other

 * Daule (meteorite)

title: Daule


text:
Ted Coffman

Theodore R. "Soapy" Coffman was an American football, basketball, and baseball coach and college athletics administrator. Coffman served as the head football coach at New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts—now New Mexico State University—from 1927 to 1928, compiling a record of 7–10. At New Mexico A&M was also the head basketball coach from 1927 to 1928 and head baseball coach in 1928, and athletic director from 1927 to 1929. A native of Santa Ana, California, Coffman played college football and college baseball at the University of Southern California (USC).

title: Ted Coffman


text:
Talk:Hypacrosaurus

GA: Pass
Article passed. Congratulations! Verisimilus  T  19:25, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

GA Sweeps
This article has been reviewed as part of WikiProject Good articles/Project quality task force. I believe the article currently meets the criteria and should remain listed as a Good article. The article history has been updated to reflect this review. Regards, Corvus coronoides  talk 14:11, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hypacrosaurus


text:
Talk:Chain mail

Pliers
For jewelry or colored rings it is usefull to use pliers without teeth and no sharp edge. This help to do not scratch the rings. Also, some people use pliers with nylon jawed. Look for available replacement nylon jawed. But for string material or with a low gauge wire, teeth are usefull to have more grip on them.

Pliers with springs to help work for longer period of time

title: Talk:Chain mail


text:
Web Design/Embedded CSS

Example 1

As you can see the style information is placed between the  &   tags, inside the   &   tags

The CSS code below should make the:
 * Background color = yellow
 * Text inside a  tag = green & a font size of 10 pixels
 * Text inside a  tag = blue

Type the code below into your favorite code editor and save the file as cssexample.html

Exercise 2 – Changing the font family and font style using CSS.

The CSS code below should make the:
 * Text within the  tag, appear as helvetica, impact, sans-serif font.
 * Text within the  tag, appear as italic.
 * Text within the  tag, appear as gill sans, new baskerville, sans-serif font.

Paste the code below into your code editor, create a new page called cssexample2.html

Exercise 3 – Changing the border and aligning the text using CSS.

The CSS code below should make the:
 * Background within the  tag, appear as pink.
 * Border around the  tag, appear as solid green.
 * Text within the  tag, aligned in the center.
 * Border around the  tag, to appear as dotted red.

Paste the code below into your code editor, create a new page called cssexample3.html

Exercise 4 – Changing the margin padding using CSS.

The CSS code below should make the:
 * The text within the  tag will have a left margin of 2cm.

Paste the code below into your code editor, create a new page called cssexample4.html

Exercise 5 – Changing the color of a Horizontal Rule using CSS.

The CSS code below should make the:
 * The hortizontal rule  tag will appear as blue (instead of grey).

Paste the code below into your code editor, create a new page called cssexample5.html

title: Web Design/Embedded CSS


text:
Moise

Moise is a given name and  surname, with differing spellings in its French and Romanian origins, both of which originate from the name Moses: Moïse is the French spelling of Moses, while Moise is the Romanian spelling. As a surname, Moisè and Mosè are Italian spellings of Moses.

Moise

 * Moise of Wallachia (died 1530), Romanian prince
 * Moise Crăciun (born 1927), Romanian skier
 * Moise Fokou (born 1985), American football linebacker
 * Moise Movilă (1596–1661), Prince of Moldavia
 * Moise Poida (born 1978), Vanuatuan footballer
 * Moise Pomaney (born 1945), Ghanaian long-jumper
 * Moise Safra (1935–2014), Brazilian businessman and founder of Banco Safra
 * Moise Kean (born 2000), Italian footballer

Moïse

 * Moïse Amyraut (1596–1664), French theologian
 * Moïse Brou Apanga (born 1982), Côte d'Ivoire born Gabonese footballer
 * Moïse Bambara (born 1984), German-Burkinabé footballer
 * Moïse Bebel (1898–1940), Guadeloupean soldier
 * Moïse Bombito (born 2000), Canadian soccer player
 * Moïse de Camondo (1860–1935), French banker
 * Moïse Fortier (1815–1877), Quebec businessman
 * (1898–1976), French Ukrainian-born Jewish physicist and radiochemist
 * Moïse Houde (1811–1885), Quebec politician
 * Moise Joseph (born 1981), Haitian middle-distance runner
 * Moïse Kandé (born 1978), Mauritanian footballer
 * Moïse Katumbi (born 1964), governor of the Katanga province in the DRC
 * Moïse Kisling (1891–1953), Polish-Jewish French painter
 * Moïse Lévy de Benzion (1873–1943), Egyptian Jewish department store owner and art collector
 * Moïse Plante (1830–1892), Quebec merchant and politician
 * Moïse Rahmani (1944–2016), Egyptian-born Belgian-Congo then Belgian Jewish author
 * Moïse Schwab (1839–1918), French librarian
 * Moïse Tshombe (1919–1969), president of Katanga and prime minister of the DRC
 * Moïse Vauquelin (fl. 1650–1670), French buccaneer

Moise

 * Anthony Moise, Dominican politician
 * Cilibi Moise (1812–1870), Romanian Jewish humorist
 * Edwin E. Moise (1918–1988), American mathematician
 * Harold A. Moise (1879–1958), associate justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court
 * Irwin S. Moise (1906–1984), associate justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court
 * Patty Moise (born 1960), American NASCAR driver
 * Romario Moise (born 1996), Romanian footballer
 * Rudy Moise (born 1954), retired colonel in the United States Air Force, doctor, lawyer, politician, entrepreneur and actor
 * William Moise (1922–1980), American painter

Moïse

 * Edwin Warren Moïse (1810–1868), Jewish-American physician and Judge in the Confederate States of America of French-Haitian descent
 * Edwin Warren Moïse (born 1832) (1832–1902), Jewish-American lawyer, politician, and military officer of the Confederate States Army
 * Jean-Charles Moïse (born 1967), Haitian politician
 * Jovenel Moïse (1968–2021), Haitian politician and president of Haiti
 * Lenelle Moïse (born 1980), Haitian actress
 * Martine Moïse (born 1974), first lady of Haiti
 * Penina Moïse (1797–1880), American poet of French-Jewish descent
 * Teri Moïse (1970–2013), Haitian-American singer

Others

 * Roch Thériault (1947–2011), Canadian cult leader and convicted murderer, self-proclaimed prophet under the name Moïse

title: Moise


text:
incriminare

Etymology
, from.

Verb

 * 1) to charge (with), to accuse, to indict
 * 2) to incriminate

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) incrimination

title: incriminare


text:
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Draft:IT 104: Artificial Intelligence Research Paper

 __NOINDEX__

The result of the discussion was: delete. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 10:24, 29 September 2017 (UTC)

Draft:IT 104: Artificial Intelligence Research Paper

Use of Wikipedia as a web hosting service to host this user's college research paper. WikiDan61 ChatMe!ReadMe!! 21:11, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete. If this has some undocumented affiliation with education outreach, no objection to moving/tagging as such instead of deletion once that affiliation is identified. VQuakr (talk) 22:16, 22 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
1940–41 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team

The 1940–41 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team represented the University of Buffalo during the 1940–41 NCAA college men's basketball season. The head coach was Art Powell, coaching his twenty-fifth season with the Bulls.


text:
User:鼠

 * 私は馬鹿です.
 * わたしはばかです.
 * Watashi ha baka desu.

 * Member of Jref.com forums.
 * Teaches people the basics of the Japanese language in a quick and mannerable fashion.
 * Passed JLPT 4 and 3.

 * I don't understand why Wiki wants everything so complex. It make a person need a high vocabulary list,
 * Edit the lessons I give all you want, just don't destroy the learning incline.

title: User:鼠


text:
Liberal State Party

The Liberal State Party, "the Freedom League" (Liberale Staatspartij "de Vrijheidsbond", LSP), was a conservative liberal political party in the Netherlands from 1921 to 1948. It is historically linked to the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), a major Dutch political party.

History
The LSP was founded on 16 April 1921 as a merger of the mainstream liberal Liberal Union, the conservative liberal League of Free Liberals, the minor Economic League and the single seat parties of the Neutral Party and the Middle Class Party. They were joined by the General Political Party, who lacked parliamentary representation. These were all the liberal parties in the Netherlands except for the progressive-liberal Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB).

The merger was forced by the constitutional revision of 1918 implementing universal suffrage and proportional representation. The two biggest parties (the Liberal Union and the League of Free Liberals) had lost a considerable number of seats with the implementation of universal suffrage, while the other three parties had profited from the system of proportional representation.

During its entire existence the LSP lost seats, the party started with ten seats in 1922 and was left with only four in 1937. Unlike other social groups, the liberals did not build up a structure of pillarised organisations around it: therefore liberal voters were relatively independent from the League and were easily attracted by new political parties, like the National Socialist Movement. Although the party was very small it was part of coalition cabinet two times between 1933 and 1937 in the second and third cabinets of Hendrikus Colijn. In 1939 several individual League-members were involved in the short-lived fifth Colijn cabinet.

In 1941, after the Netherlands was invaded in 1940 by the Germans, the party was forbidden. In 1946, after the Netherlands was liberated, the Liberal State Party was reformed to the Freedom Party, which in 1948 became the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).

In 1963 a group of VVD members tried to rekindle the "Freedom League" flame, but they were unable to gain seats in the elections and dissolved.

Name
The party was official founded as the "Freedom League" ("Vrijheidsbond"), during the 1920s the party adopted the name Liberal State Party, "the Freedom League" (Liberale Staatspartij, "de Vrijheidsbond"), after 1937 it adopted the name Liberal State Party ("Liberale Staatspartij").

Ideology and electorate
The LSP was a conservative liberal party. Personal freedom was their most important principle. It therefore defended a small state and was in favour of free trade. Government should however be involved in providing social security for the extremely poor and pensions for the elderly. It defended public education. Internationally it favoured international (mutual) disarmament and the gradual implementation of autonomy for the Dutch Indies.

The LSP mainly received support from agnostics or latitudinarian protestants (such as Remonstrants, moderate orthodox or freethinking members of the Dutch Reformed Church and Mennonites) from higher classes: businessmen, civil servants, wealthy farmers, and voters with free professions (lawyers, doctors etc.). The party performed particularly well in the major trading cities Amsterdam and Rotterdam, the rich municipalities around Hilversum and The Hague and in northern rural provinces, like Groningen and Drenthe.

Electoral performance
This table shows the LSP's results in elections to the House of Representatives, Senate and States-Provincial, as well as the party's political leadership: the fractievoorzitter, is the chair of the parliamentary party and the lijsttrekker is the party's top candidate in the general election, these posts are normally taken by the party's leader. The party's leader can also be in cabinet.

Municipal and provincial government
The party was particularly strong in urban municipal and provincial governments. The party supplied several mayors of larger cities, such as Pieter Droogleever Fortuyn in Rotterdam

In the following figure one can see the election results of the provincial election of 1931 per province. It shows the areas where the LSP is strong, namely South Holland and too a lesser extent Gelderland and North Holland. The party is very weak in rural and catholic Limburg and Brabant.

Pillarisation
The LSP lacked a real system of pillarised organisations around it. 'Neutral' organisations, which were not linked to a pillar, often had friendly relations with the LSP. This included the general broadcasting association AVRO (Algemene Verenigde Radio Omroep, General United Radio Broadcasting Organisation), the general union ANWV (Algemene Nederlandse Werkelieden Vereniging, the General Dutch Workers' Association), furthermore the neutral employers' organisation VNO and the financial newspaper Het Handelsblad had good relations with the League. Together with the other liberal party, the VDB, these organisation formed the weak general pillar.

Leadership

 * Party chairmen:
 * 1921–1926: Hendrik Coenraad Dresselhuijs
 * 1927–1933: Dirk Fock
 * 1933–1938: Willem Carel Wendelaar
 * 1938–1945: Ben Telders
 * 1945: M.H. de Boer (acting)

 * Chairmen of the parliamentary group:
 * 1921–1922: Pieter Rink
 * 1922–1926: Hendrik Coenraad Dresselhuijs
 * 1926–1929: Anton van Gijn
 * 1929–1933: Hendrik Johan Knottenbelt
 * 1933–1940: Steven Bierema

 * Chairmen of the Senate group:
 * 1923–1932: Pieter Rink
 * 1932–1935: Dirk Fock
 * 1935–1938: Pieter Droogleever Fortuyn
 * 1938–1946: Joan Gelderman

title: Liberal State Party


text:
User:Carling.cas365/sandbox

Campylobacter upsaliensis Bold text

Disease

Dogs:

In dogs, Campylobacter upsaliensis can cause a mild to moderate form bacterial gastroenteritis. It is also frequently associated with part of the normal microbiota in a large proportion of dogs. In affected animals, symptoms include watery to mucoid diarrhea, abdominal cramping, lethargy and a fever. The infection is typically self limiting and doesn't require intervention. Since C.upsaliensis is isolated from many healthy dogs, a positive identification of C. upsaliensis from a diarrhetic dog does not necessarily indicate causation. Certain risk factors for the development of clinical signs in dogs with C. upsaliensis include younger age, concurrent health issues, and living in intensive housing.

Humans:

Campylobacter upsaliensis infections in humans can cause Campylobacteriosis, a more significant gastroenteritis. C. upsaliensis is the second most common Campylobacter species isolated in humans with diarrhea. Clinical signs include fever, diarrhea (sometimes bloody), and stomach cramps. It is typically a self limiting infection, however immunosuppressed individuals are more at risk for adverse events, such as septicemia. Campylobacteriosis is typically associated with ingestion of contaminated meat products, however there is some zoonotic risk of pet ownership, as many dogs are asymptomatic shedders of the bacteria.

Bibliography

title: User:Carling.cas365/sandbox


text:
Talk:Leeds/Archives/2011/September

Sport
Why are Bramley Buffaloes not included in the sports teams? Does anyone have any objections to me adding them? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Chilkoot (talk • contribs) 14:50, 19 September 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Leeds/Archives/2011/September


text:
Erhard Maertens

Erhard Maertens or Eberhard Maertens (26 February 1891 – 5 May 1945) was a German Vizeadmiral of the Kriegsmarine during World War II. From 16 June 1941 to 5 May 1943, he was Chief of Office of Naval Intelligence, Naval War Command (Marinekommandoamt) in the Oberkommando der Marine. Maertens was known for underestimating British intelligence, and specifically, overrating the security of the Naval Enigma cipher machine. In 1941, he held a naval enquiry into the strength of Naval Enigma security after the capture of U-boat U-570, and attributed all the suspicious losses in U-boats at the time to the British Huff-Duff. In the second enquiry, ordered by the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy (Oberbefehlshaber der Kriegsmarine) Karl Dönitz, in May 1943, he investigated a number of areas, which exculpated Enigma security in the end, for the second time, incorrectly blaming British 9.7 centimetre centimetric radar for the massive losses in U-boats by mid 1943.

Naval career
On 1 April 1910, Maertens joined the Imperial German Navy as a Seekadett and had basic training on the heavy cruiser SMS Hansa (1898) until 31 March 1911. He was promoted to an officer candidate rank (Fähnrich zur See) and sent to the German Imperial Naval Academy Naval Academy Mürwik for Naval training until 30 September 1912. In September 1913, he was promoted to Midshipman (Leutnant zur See) after completing his training.

From 1 October 1912 to 7 October 1915, Maertens was posted to the liner Hessen to learn the sailing characteristics of large ships and their movements. On 8 September, Maertens started submarine and radio training, and later posted as a watch officer on the U-boat U-3 on 17 October 1915. He completed his submarine training on 26 February 1916, promoted on 22 March 1916 to Oberleutnant zur See, and was posted to U-boat U-47 as the watch officer the day after. He was subsequently posted to U-48, to take up the same post, until 24 November 1917, when U-48 ran aground on Goodwin Sands, where the submarine was fired on by HMS Gipsy (1897) and was scuttled and abandoned. Maertens and 17 other submariners of U-48 were taken as prisoners, and held in captivity until 5 November 1919.

After being released, Maertens was subordinated to the battleship SMS Schwaben for a month as a watch officer. In early 1920, he was posted to Baltiysk for two months as a Naval Signals Officer. On 1 January 1921, he was promoted to captain lieutenant, (Kapitanleutnant), an officer grade of the captains military hierarchy group. On 1 March 1921, Maertens was ordered to be acting leader of the service office at Königsberg. On 7 April 1921, he was subordinated as Adjutant and Naval Signals Officer to the Commander of the naval base at Świnoujście. In October 1921, he was posted to the Coastal Defence Battalion I as company leader where he stayed until March 1925.

On 1 January 1921, Maertens was promoted to captain lieutenant (Kapitanleutnant). On 17 March 1925, he was subordinated to the commander of the Torpedo and Mining Academy in Kiel where he stayed until 14 August 1928. From 15 August 1928 to 30 September 1934, he was the department head of the Naval Shipyard of the Naval Command (Reichsmarine). In October 1934, Maertens was promoted to Frigate captain, (Fregattenkapitän), which was the senior middle rank of the Kriegsmarine. From 1934 to 1936, he was Commander of the Naval Academy Mürwik. He was then posted to the Bureau of Inspection of the torpedo Service in Kiel as Director of Staff until 30 September 1937. During the same period he was ordered to be Acting Inspector of Torpedo Affairs until 17 April 1937. From October 1937 to April 1939, Maertens was Director of Staff of Inspections in Naval Signals and, order again, on a temporary basis, to be Acting Inspector of Naval Signals from May 1938 to March 1939. He then became leader and subsequent Commander of the Communication Test Institute of the OKM from 28 April 1939 to 18 November 1939. He was again promoted to Director of the Technical Signals Affairs in the Naval Weapons Office in the Oberkommando der Marine from 19 November 1939 to 15 June 1941. On 1 July 1940, Maertens was promoted to rear admiral, Konteradmiral, and on 1 September 1942, promoted to Vizeadmiral. From 19 June 1941 to 5 May 1943, he was promoted to Group Director of the Naval Intelligence Service, (Seekriegsleitung III) of the Oberkommando der Marine (OKM/4 SKL III). From 6 May 1943 to June 1943 Maertens was Acting Shipyard Director of the Kriegsmarine shipyard in Kiel. From 28 November 1944 to 28 February 1945, he was placed at the disposal of Oskar Kummetz who was the Baltic Sea regional commander.

Maertens retired on 28 February 1945.

Enigma Security Enquiries
Maertens was a career navy signals officer who was promoted to the Director of the Naval Intelligence Command (Marinenachrichtendienst) in June 1941. It was during a time when the B-Dienst, the Naval Intelligence department of the Kriegsmarine, was the most active.

In May 1941, Captain Ludwig Stummel, who was Group Director of Naval Warfare department, was a subordinate of Maertens. After the sinking of eight destroyers and the U-boat U-13 in April–May 1940, Stummel started a probe into the sinking. Vice admiral Karl Dönitz requested confirmation that the sinking of the submarine effected the change in movement of a convoy that was targeted, and was specifically asking for assurances of Enigma M's security. Konteradmiral Erhard Maertens, coming to the aid of his subordinate, stated that four events would need to occur, which would make it highly unlikely:

 * 1) That U-boat submariners, who were threatened with capture or destruction, did not destroyed the Enigma machinery or changed the configuration.
 * 2) That water-soluble ink would not work.
 * 3) That the enemy could detect the difference between the settings and those of the key list.
 * 4) That the British Admiralty could solve B-Dienst messages and extract the correct intelligence to enable the convoy to avoid the U-boats.

Maertens believed that these events were taken alone were unlikely, but when combined would be impossible. A bombing raid was ordered in an attempt to ensure that the U-13 and all associated Key M (i.e. Enigma cipher machine) infrastructures were destroyed. The crew of one of the planes noticed that the site of the U-13 was marked by buoys, indicating perhaps, the submarine had not been salvaged. This was stated in the official report. In that case, the British Admiralty did not recover any Key M material or machinery.

1941 Investigation
Maertens was ordered to lead a formal enquiry into the "control and investigation of own processes" following the August 1941 capture of the U-boat U-570 (later renamed HMS Graph by the Royal Navy), a potential leak of German secure communication details. This was considered by Naval Intelligence to be a progression and continuation of previous investigations and probes, a process that existed since the Naval Enigma cipher machine was introduced. One of these investigations had been conducted by Kurt Fricke, Chief of Naval War Command, on another incident, the sinking of the German battleship Bismarck on 27 May 1941, caused great consternation in the Kriegsmarine, which resulted in a number of changes to Enigma cipher processes. On 18 October 1941, Maertens completed his analysis of the security consequences by stating in his report that "a current reading of our messages is not possible."

On the next page, however, he conceded that if the enemy had found the Enigma cipher machine untouched with all key documents, then a current reading was possible. The U-boats routinely carried between two and three months worth of daily key settings, so the enemy could have used U-570's material to read enciphered messages until November 1941. If these documents had fallen into enemy hands, the Maerten's results would be that "without doubt a weakening of the security of our cipher."

He concluded that having enough time to drench the documents would be unlikely, making their water-soluble ink unreadable. In the end, he left the impression that the British were not solving Enigma messages. In fact, once captured, a search of U-570 was conducted and useful papers had missed destruction, by the departed German crew. Copies of encrypted signals and their corresponding plain-language German texts were in fact discovered by the British. The U-570 papers included all supporting documentations for the Naval Key M ciphers.

Maertens's verdict in his final report had some very worrying conclusions:

"We have to accept that the U-570 might have been captured by the enemy without anything having been destroyed. In these circumstances it cannot be ruled out that... a large amount of cipher documents are in enemy's hands. If this is true, the security of our enciphering procedure has been weakened... Out cipher will have been compromised if, as well as the enemy capturing the codebooks, our officers, who are now POW's have told the enemy the keyword, which since June 1941 has been given verbally to the U-boat commander so that he could alter the printed list of Enigma settings. If that has occurred, then we have to accept that our radio messages are being read by the enemy...The same would be true if the keyword had been written down in breach of regulations, and the codebooks and the keyword had fallen into enemy hands, or if, for example, the settings arrived at by the keyword order were written on the original settings list. If this happened, the enemy could work out the meaning of the keyword."

1941 Tarafal Bay Action
The action in Tarrafal Bay worried Donitz and another investigation was launched by Maertens. He noted that the U-boat U-111 had detailed a meeting point in a message transmitted on 23 September 1941, which was four days before the ambush. Maertens stated that "if U-111 message was read, then there would be an attempt to disturb the meeting."

However, he again shied away from directly suggesting that Key M infrastructure had been compromised. He could not believe that the British could not make such a mess of the attack in such favourable conditions if the Naval Enigma cipher had been broken. On 24 October 1941, Maertens overall conclusion was stated in a letter to Donitz:

"The acute disquiet about the compromise of our Secret Operation cannot be justified. Our cipher does not appear to be broken."

In fact, the Naval Intelligence Division had solved a message intercepted from U-111, and the Admiralty had dispatched the submarine HMS Clyde (N12) to destroy the U-boats in the Bay of Tarrafal on the island of Santo Antão.

1943 Investigation
In February and March 1943, Admiral Dönitz met with Adolf Hitler four times to discuss the Battle of the Atlantic, and the point that the Allies probably know the location of U-boat groups as they were routing the convoys around the U-boat packs. It was strongly suspected that the Allies broke the cipher machine, and again, Maertens was asked to conduct another enquiry. He again assured Dönitz and exculpated the Enigma cipher machine security. Around the same time, documents were discovered in French Resistance agent stations, showing that the Allies were obtaining information from the resistance on departure times for U-boats and whether they were going north or south, enabling the foe. Maertens thought to estimate submarine movements with some accuracy. The discovery of centimetric radar, on a downed British bomber in Rotterdam, which operated on a wavelength of 9.7 cm, supported his assumptions. The radar assumed that British aeroplanes could detect the U-boat while surfaced without alerting the U-boat and could attack them by surprise. Indeed, the Royal Air Force had begun to do that in the Bay of Biscay, but not anywhere else. Dönitz accepted Maertens view that the Enigma Key M infrastructure was secure. Dönitz wrote in his war diary:

"With the exception of two of three doubtful cases, enemy information about the position of our U-boats appears to have been obtained mainly from extensive use of airborne radar, and the resultant plotting of these positions has enabled him [the enemy] to organize effective diversion of convoy traffic."

In early May 1943, Maertens was fired by Dönitz for reasons that was beyond his fears about crypto-security and sent him to run the Kriegsmarine shipyard in Kiel.

Stichwort procedure
One reason for Maertens and the Kriegsmarine's very high confidence in the Enigma cipher machine was the incorporation of a secret procedure that they believed would thwart any possibility of cracking the code. This was the Stichwort permutation (Stichwort), a procedure the Kriegsmarine had introduced that completely altered the Naval Enigma cipher machine's inner and outer key settings that were given on the printed settings list.

title: Erhard Maertens


text:
Adaga

Adaga (Адага; Kaitag: Адагъа; Dargwa: Адагъай) is a rural locality (a selo) in Shilyaginsky Selsoviet, Kaytagsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. In 2010, the population was 163. There are 6 streets.

Geography
Adaga is located 20 km southwest of Madzhalis (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kulidzha and Shilyagi are the nearest rural localities.

Nationalities
Many Dargins live in Adaga.

title: Adaga


text:
Rody de Boer

Rody de Boer (born 22 August 1997) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Danish 1st Division club AaB.

Telstar
De Boer played youth football for ADO Den Haag and was fourth and third on the goalkeepers' depth-chart between 2014 and 2017. He failed to make his professional debut for the club.

On 26 May 2017, De Boer joined Eerste Divisie club Telstar where he signed a two-year contract. He made his senior debut for the club on 18 August 2017 in a game against FC Eindhoven, starting in a 2–2 draw. During his one season at Telstar, he kept 11 clean sheets in 37 appearances and was rumoured to Premier League club AFC Bournemouth and Bundesliga club FC Augsburg following his impressive season.

AZ
De Boer moved to Eredivisie club AZ for undisclosed fee on 15 June 2018, signing a four-year contract. He became the backup to starter Marco Bizot, and therefore mainly played for Jong AZ in the Eerste Divisie. He would however pick up a serious shoulder injury in August 2018, sidelining him for several months.

He made his first-team debut for AZ on 21 December 2019 in a 3–0 away loss to Sparta Rotterdam. He replaced Dani de Wit in the 8th minute after Bizot had been sent off. He made his first start for the club in the following league game due to Bizot being suspended, in a 3–1 home loss to Willem II.

On 10 June 2020, De Boer was sent on a one-season loan to Eerste Divisie side De Graafschap.

Roda JC
On 6 July 2021, De Boer signed a three-year contract with Roda JC Kerkrade. He made his debut for the club on 7 August 2021, starting against former club De Graafschap and keeping a clean sheet in a 3–0 away win. He was the team's starter in goal during the 2021–22 season, keeping 12 clean sheets in 41 total appearances, and Roda were knocked out of promotion play-offs by Excelsior on 14 May 2022.

De Boer also started the 2022–23 season in goal for Roda, but lost his place in goal on the fifth matchday to newcomer Moritz Nicolas who was loaned in from Borussia Mönchengladbach.

He also lost his place in goal early in the 2023–24 season, with Koen Bucker arriving from Heracles Almelo in mid-August 2023 to immediately become the starter.

AaB
On 22 August 2023, Roda JC announced De Boer's departure to recently relegated Danish 1st Division club AaB. This was confirmed by the Danish side on 25 August, who signed him to a two-year contract. He made his debut for the club in the second round of the Danish Cup, keeping a clean sheet in a 6–0 win over VRI.

International career
De Boer is a youth international for his country, making his first selection to the Netherlands under-18 on 5 November 2014 under coach Maarten Stekelenburg.

On 4 September 2016, De Boer made his debut for the Netherlands under-20s, starting in goal in a 1–1 friendly draw against Czech Republic.

title: Rody de Boer


text:
Talk:Dirk Mudge

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title: Talk:Dirk Mudge


text:
Ada Programming/Basic

"Hello, world!"
A common example of a language's syntax is the Hello world program. Here is a straightforward Ada Implementation:

; Hello Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Hello, world!"); Hello;

The with statement adds the package  to the program. This package comes with every Ada compiler and contains all functionality needed for textual Input/Output. The with statement makes the declarations of available to procedure. This includes the types declared in , the subprograms of and everything else that is declared in   for public use. In Ada, packages can be used as toolboxes. provides a collection of tools for textual input and output in one easy-to-access module. Here is a partial glimpse at package :

File_Type OpenFile   File_Type Mode File_Mode Name String Form String  "" Put_Line Item String AdaText_IO

Next in the program we declare a main procedure. An Ada main procedure does not need to be called "main". Any simple name is fine so here it is Hello. Compilers might allow procedures or functions to be used as main subprograms.

The call on  writes the text "Hello World" to the current output file.

A with clause makes the content of a package visible by selection: we need to prefix the procedure name  from the package with its full package name. If you need procedures from a package more often some form of shortcut is needed. There are two options open:

"Hello, world!" with renames
By renaming a package it is possible to give a shorter alias to any package name. This reduces the typing involved while still keeping some of the readability.

; Hello IO Ada.Text_IO; IO.Put_Line("Hello, world!"); IO.New_Line; IO.Put_Line("I am an Ada program with package rename."); Hello;

"Hello, world!" with local use
The clause makes all the content of a package directly visible for the scope it is declared it. can be placed locally or globally (see below). Like rename this reduces the typing involved while still keeping some of the readability.

; Hello Ada.Text_IO; Put_Line("Hello, world!"); New_Line; Put_Line("I am an Ada program with package use."); Hello;

can be used for packages and in the form of  for types. makes only the operators of the given type directly visible but not any other operations on the type.

"Hello, world!" with global use
Using clause outside any scope will makes all the content of a package directly visible for the whole compilation unit. It allows even less typing but removes more of the readability and can lead to name clashes.

; Ada.Text_IO; Hello Put_Line("Hello, world!"); New_Line; Put_Line("I am an Ada program with package use."); Hello;

With that many options one need to consider which option to use when. One suggested "rule of thumb":

 * global for the most used package(s)
 * for most other package(s)
 * local for packages only used in a single procedure
 * no use or  for package(s) only used once

You might have another simpler rule (for example, always package  and its children, never  anything else).

Another rule from the early days of Ada development was global for all packages unless a name clash occurs.

Compiling the "Hello, world!" program
For information on how to build the "Hello, world!" program on various compilers, see the Building chapter.

FAQ: Why is "Hello, world!" so big?
Ada beginners frequently ask how it can be that such a simple program as "Hello, world!" results in such a large executable. The reason has nothing to do with Ada but can usually be found in the compiler and linker options used — or better, not used.

Standard behavior for Ada compilers — or good compilers in general — is not to create the best code possible but to be optimized for ease of use. This is done to ensure a system that works "out of the box" and thus does not frighten away potential new users with unneeded complexity.

The GNAT project files, which you can download alongside the example programs, use better tuned compiler, binder and linker options. If you use those your "Hello, world!" will be a lot smaller:

32K ./Linux-i686-Debug/hello_world_1 8.0K ./Linux-i686-Release/hello_world_1 36K ./Linux-x86_64-Debug/hello_world_1 12K ./Linux-x86_64-Release/hello_world_1 1.1M ./Windows_NT-i686-Debug/hello_world_1.exe 16K ./Windows_NT-i686-Release/hello_world_1.exe 32K ./VMS-AXP-Debug/hello_world_1.exe 12K ./VMS-AXP-Release/hello_world_1.exe

For comparison the sizes for a plain gnat make compile:

497K hello_world_1 (Linux i686) 500K hello_world_1 (Linux x86_64) 1.5M hello_world_1.exe (Windows_NT i686) 589K hello_world_1.exe (VMS AXP)

Worth mentioning is that hello_world (Ada, C, C++) compiled with GNAT/MSVC 7.1/GCC(C) all produces executables with approximately the same size given comparable optimisation and linker methods.

Things to look out for
It will help to be prepared to spot a number of significant features of Ada that are important for learning its syntax and semantics.

Comb Format
There is a comb format in all the control structures and module structures. See the following examples for the comb format. You don't have to understand what the examples do yet - just look for the similarities in layout.

Boolean expression statements Boolean expression statements statements ;

Boolean expression statements ;

variable range statements ;

declarations statements handlers ;

P (parameters :  type) declarations statements handlers P;

F (parameters : type)  type declarations statements handlers F;

P    declarations declarations P;

declarations P    declarations declarations P;

declarations P (parameters :  type);

Note that semicolons consistently terminate statements and declarations; the empty line (or a semicolon alone) is not a valid statement: the null statement is

;

Type and subtype
There is an important distinction between type and subtype: a type is given by a set of values and their operations. A subtype is given by a type, and a constraint that limits the set of values. Values are always of a type. Objects (constants and variables) are of a subtype. This generalizes, clarifies and systematizes a relationship, e.g. between Integer and 1..100, that is handled ad hoc in the semantics of Pascal.

Constrained types and unconstrained types
There is an important distinction between constrained types and unconstrained types. An unconstrained type has one or more free parameters that affect its size or shape. A constrained type fixes the values of these parameters and so determines its size and shape. Loosely speaking, objects must be of a constrained type, but formal parameters may be of an unconstrained type (they adopt the constraint of any corresponding actual parameter). This solves the problem of array parameters in Pascal (among other things).

Dynamic types
Where values in Pascal or C must be static (e.g. the subscript bounds of an array) they may be dynamic in Ada. However, static expressions are required in certain cases where dynamic evaluation would not permit a reasonable implementation (e.g. in setting the number of digits of precision of a floating point type).

Separation of concerns
Ada consistently supports a separation of interface and mechanism. You can see this in the format of a package, which separates its declaration from its body; and in the concept of a private type, whose representation in terms of Ada data structures is inaccessible outside the scope containing its definition.

Where to ask for help
Most Ada experts lurk on the Usenet newsgroups comp.lang.ada (English) and fr.comp.lang.ada (French); they are accessible either with a newsreader or through one of the many web interfaces. This is the place for all questions related to Ada.

People on these newsgroups are willing to help but will not do students' homework for them; they will not post complete answers to assignments. Instead, they will provide guidance for students to find their own answers.

For more online resources, see the External links section in this wikibook's introduction.

title: Ada Programming/Basic


text:
Portal:Environmental studies

Welcome to the school of !

See also: Portal Environment (WI)

Welcome to the school of Environmental Studies, which aims to provide a multidisciplinary education that promotes and instills a sense of care and responsibility towards the natural world, exploring both scientific, social and practical subjects.

Courses

 * Introduction to sustainability
 * Environmental Studies

Active participants
If you are an active participant in this school, you can list your name here:

 * Since 22 April 2015 with Liquids/Liquid objects and 2 March 2013 with Culture. --Marshallsumter (discuss • contribs) 00:50, 21 April 2018 (UTC)

Inactive participants

 * user:eliza
 * seditionarypunk - Founder: Environmental Studies
 * SunnyIndia
 * Chocoman
 * xTHExONEx1
 * D1SGRUNTL3D
 * jolt_34500
 * KwameAmpomah

School news

 * February 25, 2007 - School founded!

Connecting Communities, Neighbourhoods and Nature
 * also interesting: Northern Arizona University: Environmental Ethics

Resources

 * Search for Environmental studies at Wikiversity
 * USC Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies

Related news

 * May 5, 2007 - After more than 100 years, bald eagles hatch in Wisconsin...
 * March 18, 2007 - Bison again inhabit Eastern Colorado after 100+ year break.
 * March 17, 2007 - First bald eagle found nesting in Philadelphia since 200 years ago.

كلية علوم البيئة Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales fr:Faculté:Environnement

title: Portal:Environmental studies


text:
Abenia

Abenia is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Adriana Abenia (born 1984), Spanish television presenter, model, and actress
 * Roberto Abenia (born 1972), Spanish goalball player

title: Abenia


text:
Talk:Dion Nash

External links modified
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title: Talk:Dion Nash


text:
RCW 36

RCW 36 (also designated Gum 20) is an emission nebula containing an open cluster in the constellation Vela. This H II region is part of a larger-scale star-forming complex known as the Vela Molecular Ridge (VMR), a collection of molecular clouds in the Milky Way that contain multiple sites of ongoing star-formation activity. The VMR is made up of several distinct clouds, and RCW 36 is embedded in the VMR Cloud C.

RCW 36 is one of the sites of massive-star formation closest to the Solar System, whose distance of approximately 700 parsecs (2300 light-years). The most massive stars in the star cluster are two stars with late-O or early-B spectral types, but the cluster also contains hundreds of lower-mass stars. This region is also home to objects with Herbig–Haro jets, HH 1042 and HH 1043.

Star formation in RCW 36
Like most star-forming regions, the interstellar medium around RCW 36 contains both the gas from which stars form and some newly formed young stars. Here, young stellar clusters form in giant molecular clouds. Molecular clouds are the coldest, densest form of interstellar gas and are composed mostly of molecular hydrogen (H2), but also include more complex molecules, cosmic dust, and atomic helium. Stars form when the mass gas in part of a cloud becomes too great, causing it to collapse due to the Jeans instability. Most stars do not form alone, but in groups containing hundreds or thousands of other stars. RCW 36 is an example of this type of "clustered" star formation.

Molecular cloud and H II region
The Vela Molecular Ridge can be subdivided into several smaller clouds, each of which in turn can be subdivided into cloud "clumps". The molecular cloud clump from which the RCW 36 stars are forming is Clump 6 in the VMR C cloud.

Early maps of the region were produced by radio telescopes that traced emission from several types of molecules found in the clouds, including CO, OH, and H2CO. More detailed CO maps were produced in the 1990s by a team of Japanese astronomers using the NANTEN millimeter-wavelength telescope. Using emission from C18O, they estimated the total mass of Cloud C to be 44,000 Mass of the Sun. The cloud maps suggest that Cloud C is the youngest component of the VMR because of an ultra-compact H II region associated with RCW 36 and several sites of embedded protostars, while H II regions in other VMR clouds are more evolved. Observations from the Herschel Space Telescope show that the material within the cloud is organized into filaments and RCW 36 sits near the south end of a 10-parsec long filament.

Star formation in RCW 36 is currently ongoing. In the dense gas at the western edge of RCW 36, where the far-infrared emission is greatest, are found protostellar cores, the Herbig Haro objects, and an ultra-compact H II region. However, more deeply embedded star-formation is obscured by dust, so radiation can only escape from the cloud surface and not from the embedded objects themselves.

The H II region is an area around the cluster in which hydrogen atoms in the interstellar medium have been ionized by ultraviolet light from O- and B-type stars. The H II region in RCW 36 has an hourglass morphology, similar to the shape of H II regions around other young stellar clusters like W40 or Sh2-106. In addition, an ultra-compact H II region surrounds IRAS source 08576−4333.

Star cluster
Due to the youth of RCW 36, most of the stars in the cluster are at an early stage of stellar evolution where they are known as young stellar objects or pre-main-sequence stars. These stars are still in the process of contraction before they reach the main sequence, and they may still have gas accreting onto them from either a circumstellar disk or envelope.

Cluster members in RCW 36 have been identified through both infrared and X-ray observations. Bright infrared sources, attributed to massive stars, were first identified by the TIFR 100-cm balloon-born telescope from the National Balloon Facility in Hyderabad, India. In the early 2000s, infrared images in the J, H, and Ks bands have suggested at least 350 cluster members. Observations by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope and Chandra X-ray Observatory were used to identify cluster members as part of the MYStIX survey of nearby star-forming regions. In the MYStIX catalog of 384 probable young stellar members of RCW 36, more than 300 of the stars are detected by X-ray sources. Modeling of the brightnesses of stars at various infrared wavelengths has shown 132 young stellar objects to have infrared excess consistent with circumstellar disks or envelopes.

The cluster has been noted by Baba et al. for having a high density of stars, with star counts (the number of stars within an angular area of the sky) exceeding 3000 stars per square parsec at the center of the cluster. A measurement of central area density using the MYStIX catalog suggested approximately 10,000 stars per square parsec at the cluster center, but this study also suggested that such densities are not unusual for massive star-forming regions. The spatial distribution of stars has been described as a King profile or alternatively as a "core-halo" structure.

Stellar density near the center of RCW 36 has been estimated to be approximately 300,000 stars per cubic parsec (or 10,000 stars per cubic light year). In contrast, the density of stars in the Solar neighborhood is only 0.14 star per cubic parsec, so the density of stars at the center of RCW 36 is about 2 million times greater. It has been calculated that for young stellar clusters with more than 104 stars pc.−3 close encounters between stars can lead to interactions between protoplanetary disks that affect developing planetary systems.

Young stellar objects
Several special types of young stellar object have been identified in RCW 36, and are described in more detail below. The properties of these stars are related to their extreme youth.

Two stars in RCW 36 have Herbig-Haro jets (HH 1042 and HH 1043). Jets of gas flowing out from young stars can be produced by accretion onto a star. In RCW 36 these jets were seen in a number of spectral lines, including lines from hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, nickel, calcium, and iron. Mass loss rates from the jets have been estimated to be on the order of 10−7 solar masses per year. Inhomogeneities in the jets have been attributed to variable accretion rate on timescales of approximately 100 years.

The young star 2MASS J08592851-4346029 has been classified as a Herbig Ae star. Stars in this class are pre-main-sequence, intermediate-mass stars (spectral type A) with emission lines in their spectra from hydrogen. Observations indicate that 2MASS J08592851-4346029 has a bloated radius as would be expected for a young star that is still contracting. Some of the lines in its spectrum have a P-Cygni Profile indicating the presence of a stellar wind.

The young star CXOANC J085932.2−434602 was observed by the Chandra X-ray Observatory to have produced a large flare with a peak temperature greater than 100 million kelvins. Such "super hot" flares from young stars have been seen in other star-forming regions like the Orion Nebula.

title: RCW 36


text:
cross of gold

Etymology
Originating from a speech by US politician William Jennings Bryan in 1896, describing a metaphorical crucifixion of the working class by maintaining the gold standard. It has since acquired a more generic meaning.

Noun

 * 1) A public policy which puts the interests of the rich ahead of those of the poor.

title: cross of gold


text:
motociclista

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  motorcycling

Noun

 * 1) motorcyclist; biker

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) motorcyclist, biker

Etymology
From or.

Noun

 * 1) motorcyclist, biker

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) motorcyclist, biker

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) motorcyclist, biker

title: motociclista


text:
Australian Vocational Education and Training/ICAD4043A Develop and present a feasibility report

From the official document:
 * "This unit defines the competency required to research and present a range of feasible scenarios to the client."

Basically, that means ... (translate above into plain english)

You can read more about this unit on the National Training Information Systems Official document for ICAD4043A.

This unit forms part of the following qualifications:
 * Cert IV Websites Qualification in Australia

How this unit will help you
After learning and applying the skills required by this unit you'll be able to demonstrate your skills in:

 * translate the above elements and performance criteria into plain english and summarise here...

Ideas for learning the required skills
...

Ideas for demonstrating this unit
The best way to demonstrate these skills is ...

Grading
If you are demonstrating this unit as part of a formal course, you might find that the unit is graded (meaning you can not only demonstrate your competence, but can also gain a credit or distinction). Your facilitator may already have set criteria that your college uses. If not, here are some ideas for possible credit/distinction activities that you can discuss with your facilitator:


text:
Talk:André Martin-Legeay

French Wikipedia says he's deceased
The French article says that he died in 1940 with the source being a French newspaper from that year.

https://www.the-sports.org/andre-martin-legeay-tennis-spf279540.html gives his years of birth and death as 1906 and 1940, although I'm not sure how good a source that site is. Skycloud86 (talk) 23:41, 9 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:André Martin-Legeay


text:
heteronormativity

Noun

 * 1) The assumption that all human beings are either male or female in both sex and gender, and that sexual and romantic attraction and activity only occurs, or is only normal, between people of different sexes.

Coordinate terms

 * ; homonormativity

Translations

 * Catalan: heteronormativitat
 * Danish: heteronormativitet
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: heteronormatividade
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:

title: heteronormativity


text:
User:Jorge~enwikiversity

For my work here:
m:Help:Displaying a formula

Physics Study Guide

MediaWiki Project

Portal_talk:Physical_Sciences

Guys to help:

In Physics: Special:Contributions/HappyCamper, Special:Contributions/Hypermorphism, Special:Contributions/Scientist

In Both: Special:Contributions/Draicone, Special:Contributions/Remi0o

In C.S.: Special:Contributions/Schoeberl, Special:Contributions/Mirwin, Special:Contributions/Mundhenk, Special:Contributions/Jlguinn, Special:Contributions/Pnguyen, Special:Contributions/Danielwedema

Quantum Mechanics
Dirac's notation
 * Bra-ket notation
 * Coordinate vector
 * deltas to extract coordinates

Talk:Hydrogen_atom
 * Read Cohen's treatment
 *

Talk:Study guide:Quantum mechanics I
 * Develop lessons on math concepts touched and introduce Dirac's notation

Schrödinger's Equation
 * Help here

User:Jorge/Quantum Hall effect
 * I have a question about this

Statistical Mechanics
Talk:Study_guide:Statistical_mechanics
 * Write stubs for the fundamental lessons
 * Statistical Mechanics
 *
 * Empezar presentando la necesidad de una mecánica estadística, por el elevado número de partículas.
 * Distribución de velocidades de Maxwell, con vínculos a las matemáticas estadísticas necesarias.
 * Contar cómo es que a escala macroscópica los valores medios de las variables con fluctuaciones en el equilibrio son exactos hasta un orden de 10 o 20 cifras decimales.
 * Presentar la entropía como la variable extensiva conjugada de la temperatura. Mostrar que si es así, la entropía siempre crece con el ejemplo de los dos sistemas que entran en contacto.
 * Microcanónico. Contar que en el límite de equilibrio (t->oo) y de colectividad (nº de sistemas -> oo), todos los estados accesibles son equiprobables. Resolución de sistemas de ejemplo.
 * Canónico. Deducir fórmula de Boltzman a partir de que el baño es infinito y baño+sistema estan aislados.
 * etc.
 * Mirwin notes from "Introduction to Solid State Physics", 6th Edition, Wiley, cp86

Electronics and Systems theory
Bode plot
 * good guide:
 * others: ,

Mathematics
Talk:Linear algebra

Least squares - para Cristina

Foundations of Calculus

Me
A great way to make me contribute is to ask me about a topic (of CS or Physics). The more concrete the question, the more interesting it will be, but feel impelled to ask just about anything. For example, I wrote the Least squares article solely because a friend of mine asked me what was that method about (she was requested to use it), and it's the biggest one-shot contribution I've made so far in any wiki.

"reflections on relativity", "physics"

I love from mathematicians that they must be the most creative they can. All the day imagining colors into structures... From the physicists I love their infinite curiosity (which I share), which impulses us to devour the harder of books if we believe we will find in them the least fact we don't know about Reality.

Astrophysics

 * How can we see the microwave background radiation? If it comes from the early universe, then in order to see it we should have traveled faster than light and then stopped, and we would see it coming from one direction, not from everywhere, ain't it? Or are we (well, the whole universe) in some kind of thermal equilibrium with that temperature? Additionally, why should it have the black-body spectrum?

 * I already know it :) If someone has questions related to this, tell me and I could start the Cosmology section of Wikiversity :) (or is there something already? It's been time since I don't browse the site)

Quantum Mechanics

 * Why is the expected value of J^2 j(j+1) and not j^2?? (for an eigenvector |j> of J, of course)

 * Measurement and collapse of the wave function in Quantum mechanics. Concretely what has been developed about the effect of the interaction of the measure apparatus with the wave function. I believe there's nothing magical in it: it doesn't collapse instantly for God's sake, but that instead it's something related to ressonances inside the aparatus, maybe. I read something about "decoherence" and understood it's about trying to explain it with stadistic irreversibility. Could it have something to do with sudden break of simmetry?

 * "The algebraic structure of the Lorentz group is SL(2, C) or O(3,1)." - What are these SL and O? I think I've seen them in advanced quantum physics articles in wikipedia, am I right? Well, what is "algebraic structure" of a group, anyway?
 * SL and O. What's the Lorentz group? Boosts + spatial rotations?

 * (Deduction of the existence of spin (at least the spin 1/2): Dirac's equation.)

 * How does the spin, as deduced from Dirac's equation, give the particle an angular momentum? How are the spin!=1/2 particles obtained? How does one know the spin of the particles which are quantums of a given field, e.g. the photon?

Computing

 * Finite differences and finite elements methods. (I can program, I just doesn't know those methods)
 *

 * How does a 2 bit Branch Prediction Table solve the problem of nested loops? Which problem is that?

Why do I think this is going to work?
We have a different technology for teaching, with disadvantages, but also with advantages.

Examples of disadvantages:

 * We do not have blackboards, so we cannot expand explanations in a step by step basis. This is more important in lessons which are thaught by drawing some diagram step by step.

 * We cannot speak, and listening is faster and less tiresome than reading.

 * We have trouble to draw things (when teaching in the real life, you can draw anything in a sheet of paper or a blackboard).

Problems_I_have_encountered

But:

 * Whatever enlightening drawing that is uploaded or explanation clearly worded that is written will remain forever, until enhanced further: We have not to start over and over every year, we are like a teacher without limited memory.

 * We have the potential to have tens of thousands of students for each lesson. And with a big number of students comes a big number of questions. And answering real questions enhances and completes the work. New students will benefit from all the questions done by every student of the same subject ever: It will not depend anymore on the class being shy or not.

 * We can link to explanations from previous lessons. This can't be done in a book, so it ends up full of numeric references to previous content (linking by index, vs our linking which is hard and informatized) and has to be more or less self-contained. We, e.g., can link from an explanation in Statistical Mechanics (4th year of Physics) to a deduction in Differential Equations I (usualy 2nd or 3rd year, and common to nearly all Sciences and Engineerings), so instead of wondering what an exact differential equation was, a student can just follow the link and remember.

 * We will have interdisciplinary connections "for free": In real life you are told about them only if the teacher happens to know them, and only those the teacher happens to know. Here, if for some hazar, a student of Statistical Mechanics knows about Stochastic Systems, Markov Chains, etc., and when he is thaught about Phase Transition Appearance and Sudden Break of Simmetry happens to make the connection, he can write about it and it will last forever.

'''I am the first who wants to learn just about every topic in CS and Physics (and by the way, Economy and Psychology, but not yet) and feel there is no real need to pay for it. There are very bad profesors in University: I learn better and more on my own, without paying a cent. There are also very good and wise profesors: And they normally know about their subject AND about the other profesors' subjects better than anyone else. I would pay them to teach me what they know about every subject. Here in wikiversity this problem cannot exist.'''

title: User:Jorge~enwikiversity


text:
Talk:Natural Selection (Fuel album)

Fair use rationale for Image:Natural Selection album cover.jpg
Image:Natural Selection album cover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 17:35, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Natural Selection (Fuel album)


text:
ripartire

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to leave again
 * 2) to start again

Verb

 * 1) to divide up
 * 2) to share out, to distribute

Conjugation
Including lesser-used forms:

title: ripartire


text:
Talk:Dean Allison

External links modified
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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 00:25, 14 December 2019 (UTC)
 * AllisonDean CPC---2019.jpg

title: Talk:Dean Allison


text:
Portal:Learning Materials/WikiProjects

Content development projects exist on pages in "School:" or "Topic:" namespaces.
 * Topic:Learning Objects
 * Topic:Web Radio
 * Topic:Internet Audio and Video
 * Storyboard Artwork Project [[Image:Baby Tux crop mask.png|24px]]

title: Portal:Learning Materials/WikiProjects


text:
Richard Holden

Richard Holden may refer to:

Sports

 * Rick Holden (born 1964), English footballer
 * Dick Holden (1885–?), English footballer
 * Richard Holden (tennis), played Tennis at the 1995 Summer Universiade

Others

 * Richard Holden (British politician), Conservative MP
 * Richard Holden (economist) (born 1974), Australian economist
 * Richard Holden (Canadian politician) (1931–2005), Canadian lawyer and politician
 * Richard Holden (dancer) (1927–2015), American dancer and choreographer
 * Richard Holden (New Zealand), businessman and mayoral candidate, see Les Mills
 * Richard Holden (highway patrol) (d. 2014), American highway patrol commander

title: Richard Holden


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/East Elementary School (New Canaan, CT)

The result was delete, there is no content in the article, except a restating of the title and an external link (and a motto?). I don't see the point in a redirect, since anyone who can type that title in the search bar knows everything about the school that the suggested target article would tell them. - Bobet 21:23, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

East Elementary School (New Canaan, CT)
Elementary schools are not inherently notable, unless specifically stated. Akradecki 19:02, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete nn  Matthew Fenton  (Talk | Contribs) 19:07, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. TomTheHand 19:16, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete - per nom. Wickethewok 20:01, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete nn and not enough content. G . H  e  20:41, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep, verifiable. Actually, a merge to New Canaan, Connecticut would be better unless it expands.  JYolkowski // talk 21:54, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * This school is already briefly mentioned on the town page. — RJH (talk) 14:57, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per WP:NN only exceptional (by the faculty or illustrious alumni) or historically important secondary schools should be listed. If notable as part of the community, then merge wiuth community. Ohconfucius 03:14, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to New Canaan, Connecticut unless significantly expanded. Yamaguchi先生 08:50, 17 August 2006 (UTC)


text:
O Mistress Mine

O Mistress Mine is an Elizabethan song which appears in Shakespeare's play Twelfth Night. It is sung by the character Feste, who is asked to sing a love song by Sir Andrew Aguecheek and Sir Toby Belch. The words of the song are addressed to the singer/poet's lover.

The lyric is often assumed to be by Shakespeare, although he could have been referencing an existing song. The play's first documented performance was in 1602. There is an instrumental piece entitled O Mistress Mine by Shakespeare's contemporary Thomas Morley which appeared in 1599. There has been speculation that Morley was commissioned to provide music for the play. Whether or not this was the case, Shakespearean scholars think that Morley's publication predates the first performance of the play. There is also a set of variations on the tune by William Byrd, another contemporary of Shakespeare. This version is included in the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book, a manuscript which it is not possible to date exactly.

Music
Morley held a printing patent (a type of copyright protection) and published the tune in First Booke of Consort Lessons (1599). The tune has to be tweaked slightly to fit Shakespeare's words. The following year Morley published a song book with a setting of It Was A Lover And His Lass from As You Like It.

Words
The playTwelfth Night was first published in the First Folio (1623). The text appears in Act 2, Scene 3.

Recordings
The song is included in Alfred Deller's album ''Shakespeare Songs.

title: O Mistress Mine


text:
Chatar, Bhojpur

Chatar is a village in Barhara block of Bhojpur district in Bihar, India. As of 2011, its population was 3,408, in 387 households.

title: Chatar, Bhojpur