text:
Bogomer Ludány

Bogomer from the kindred Ludány (Ludány nembeli Bogomér; died around 1245/54) was a Hungarian military leader and nobleman in the first half of the 13th century, who was the first known Count of the Székelys, serving in this capacity around 1228.

Ancestry and family
Majority of the historians, including Mór Wertner, Zoltán Kordé and Attila Zsoldos considered, Bogomer (or Bohumír) was born into the gens (clan) Ludány, which owned landed properties primarily in Nyitra County. According to the Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum written by chronicler Simon of Kéza, the Ludány kindred originated from Bohemia, which claim is strengthened by the frequency of Slavic-origin personal names within the kinship. Bogomer was one of the two known sons of Szoboszló I (or Sobéslav), who served as ispán of Sempte ispánate (today Šintava, Slovakia) in the territory of Nyitra County in 1221. His brother was Wytk I, ancestor of the Ludányi family. Bogomer had at least two sons from his unidentified marriage: Peter I (fl. 1277–97) and Szoboszló II (fl. 1283–95). Based on a brief comment by a charter issued in 1296, regarding Peter (who became a familiaris of the powerful local lord Matthew Csák by then), it is presumable that Paschasius, Bishop of Nyitra was also Bogomer's son. Through Szoboszló II, Bogomer was the forefather of the Emőkei and Szobonya noble families.

Béla's partisan
Bogomer belonged to Duke Béla's confidants, who strongly opposed his father King Andrew II "useless and superfluous perpetual grants" which caused the derogation of the royal power in the realm. Béla was made Duke of Slavonia in 1220, and Bogomer was member of his ducal court, along with other young courtiers, for instance Denis Türje, Paul Geregye and Pousa, son of Sólyom. Bogomer was mentioned as Master of the cupbearers for Duke Béla by several charters throughout 1225.

In the next year, Béla was transferred to Transylvania, he governed the province with the title Duke too. Bogomer followed his lord to Transylvania. The earliest royal charter mentioning a "count and commander of the Székelys" (comes et ductor Siculorum) was issued in 1235, which refers to a military campaign launched against Bulgaria in 1228. Accordingly, Bogomer, then Count of the Székelys, participated in the war, when he was captured by the army of Ivan Asen II's brother Alexander. Bogomer is the first known holder of the dignity, albeit Bishop Otto of Freising already mentioned that "two counts" commanded the archers in the vanguard of the Hungarian army in the Battle of the Fischa in 1146, while the Hungarian chronicles recorded that Székelys and Pechenegs formed the vanguard of the Hungarian army in that battle, thus the bishop's report may contain the first reference to a count of the Székelys, according to Attila Zsoldos, Gyula Kristó, and other historians. On the other hand, as historian Zoltán Kordé emphasizes, 13th-century royal charters mentioned other royal officials who ruled Székely groups, suggesting that the office had not been established in the previous century. For instance, a royal charter narrated of an army of Saxon, Vlach, Székely, and Pecheneg troops fighting in Bulgaria under the command of Joachim, Count of Hermannstadt, in the early 1210s, which suggests Bogomer could be the first-ever office-holder, who possibly became count already in 1226. Kordé argued Andrew II granted autonomy to colonial Saxons of Hermannstadt region in Southern Transylvania, when issued Diploma Andreanum (1224), just before the following year, when he launched a campaign against the Teutonic Knights, who had attempted to eliminate his suzerainty. According to Kordé, the standardization of the Székelys' status took place in the same time.

Bogomer next appeared in sources one and a half decades later, even after Béla's accession to the Hungarian throne in 1235 and the Mongol invasion of Hungary in 1241. After the Mongols' unexpected withdrawal in March 1242, Bogomer was appointed ispán of Nyitra and Trencsén Counties. In that capacity, Bogomer was responsible for restore law and order in the region, while managed to resettle the dispersed and fleeing population. Soon he was replaced as head of Nyitra County by Roland Rátót around November 1242, but he was able to retain his dignity in Trencsén County at least until April 1243. During his tenure, Frederick II, Duke of Austria invaded the country. Bogomer played an important role in the suppression of Austrian units, shortly thereafter he led a royal army send to help Bolesław V the Chaste (son-in-law of Béla IV, the Hungarian king) attacked by Konrad I of Masovia. For his loyalty and military successes, Bogomer was granted the lands of Kiszuca (Jeszeszin), Pruska and Mortund (in Trencsén and Hont Counties) by Béla in May 1244. He was transferred to the position of ispán of Zala County by December 1245. Bogomer died by 24 October 1254, when Jeszeszin, his previously owned land was donated to members of the Zólyom kinship.

title: Bogomer Ludány


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Varistaipale canal

Varistaipale canal (Varistaipaleen kanava) is a Finnish canal in Heinävesi. It is another of the canals which connects Juojärvi to Varisvesi. The canal is a part of Heinävesi route (Heinäveden reitti), a route with six canals: Kerma, Vihovuonne, Pilppa, Karvio, Taivallahti and Varistaipale canals. The canal was built in 1911–1913 and has four locks. It is the biggest canal in Finland being the only canal to have this many locks. The height of drop totals 14.5 m and the length is 1100 m.

Next to the canal there is a canal museum.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Varistaipale canal


text:
Grants and fundraising/Fundraising

This is a learning project to study fundraising, how it is done and how it is tracked.

Funding is the lifeblood of any venture -- without some money, there is no way to pay for lights and heat that allow a meeting space to be used.

Most modern funding takes the form of project funding -- money given for a certain project with a certain duration. Some organizations are endowments, whereby a large amount of money is invested, and the earnings that money makes is used to run the yearly "operating" budget.

Types of Funding/Fundraising
Initially, we are going to look into the area of grant funding, where a funding agency requires a proposal to affect a certain well-defined set of goals.

Later on, we could review the process of formal fundraising, whereby entities raise small amounts of money by public appeal.

Motivation for fundraising: Vision
To effectively raise funds, organizations need a vision of what the purpose for the funds will be. Often this is a project scope, but many times it can be the sole purpose for an organization. With a vision, the organization requiring funding can field a budget and build a proposal which can be submitted to various funding agencies.

Ideas for Grants
Video (in conjunctions with Wikinews) - This is the current focus. Hoping to incorporate this as an "outreach" proposal.

Writing bounties of some sort

OpenMoko/Internet_Kiosk

Study of how a large Internet site deploys software (MediaWiki for Wikimedia projects)

U.S. Grants

 * $2 Million Digital Media and Learning Competition
 * Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA)
 * Advanced Learning Technologies (ALT) Grants
 * A wiki grant for 300K
 * Scionline.org's government grant to run their site info
 * Grants by Category
 * Science and Technology Grants.
 * Art Grants
 * Community Development Grants
 * Other Grants
 * Energy Grants
 * Education Grants
 * Business and Commerce Grants
 * Agricultural Grants

WMF grant links and groups

 * Wikimedia Meta Grant Department
 * Wikimedia Grants Page - Access by Permission Only

There is also an IRC channel dedicated to Wikimedia fundraising at: #wikimedia-fundraising (on Freenode)

Proposal Development
Steps to follow:
 * Write for Application forms and guides
 * Call a past grantee
 * Call a past reviewer
 * Contact the program officer

State the problem you are addressing, and how the project will meet the grantor's objectives with regards to this project.

Resources for writing grants

 * Resources for writing grants for JISC - some useful analyses of previous grants, and thing to keep in mind for putting together a successful bid

title: Grants and fundraising/Fundraising


text:
User:AuntPeggy

Certificates and Ratings: Member:
 * Private Pilot Single Engine Land
 * Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association
 * Experimental Aircraft Association
 * Pilots of America
 * NorthEast Pilots Group
 * Animal Rescue Flights (ARF)

title: User:AuntPeggy


text:
António Augusto de Rocha Peixoto

António Augusto de Rocha Peixoto (18 May 1866–2 May 1909) was a Portuguese naturalist, ethnologist and archaeologist.

In 1891, he became the secretariat of the magazine Revista de Portugal established by his friend Eça de Queiroz and organized the Cabinet of Mineralogy, Geology and Palaeontology of the Polytechnic Academy of Porto (currently University of Porto). He also collaborated in other journals and magazines and was the director of the Public Library and Municipal Museum of Porto. In his native town, he revealed Cividade de Terroso and remodelled the town hall. Two weeks after dying, his body was transferred from the cemetery of Agramonte in Porto to the one of Póvoa.

title: António Augusto de Rocha Peixoto


text:
Maggiore

Maggiore means "major" or "large" in Italian. It can refer to:

Locations and places

 * Lake Maggiore, located at northwestern Italy and southern Switzerland
 * Isola Maggiore, the second largest island on Lake Trasimeno, Umbria, Italy
 * Fontana Maggiore, a fountain in Perugia, Italy
 * Porta Maggiore Basilica, an underground basilica discovered in 1917 near Porta Maggiore in Rome, Italy
 * Porta Maggiore, Bologna (now Porta Mazzini), the main eastern portal of the former medieval walls of the city of Bologna, Italy
 * Portomaggiore, a town in Ferrara, Italy
 * Monte Maggiori or Učka, a mountain range in Croatia

People

 * Christine Maggiore (1956—2008), HIV-positive activist who promoted the view that HIV is not the cause of AIDS
 * Gianluca Maggiore (born 1985), Italian former racing cyclist
 * Giulio Maggiore (born 1998), Italian football player
 * Hervé Della Maggiore (born 1972), French former football midfielder

Other uses

 * Maggiore (grape), an Italian wine grape also known as Verdicchio
 * Major and minor
 * Major (rank)

title: Maggiore


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Hap Emms

Leighton Alfred Emms (January 12, 1905 – October 23, 1988) was a Canadian ice hockey player, coach, team owner, and general manager, during nearly 60 years in hockey. Emms played 17 seasons of professional hockey as a left winger and a defenceman, including 10 seasons and 320 games in the National Hockey League. After playing, Emms had a 33-year presence in the Ontario Hockey Association, as the owner of the Barrie Flyers, Niagara Falls Flyers, and St. Catharines Black Hawks between 1945 and 1978. Teams that Emms coached or owned appeared in eight Memorial Cup tournaments, winning four Memorial Cups. He was nicknamed "Happy Emms" due to the sour look on his face, which was later shortened to "Hap Emms".

Playing career
Emms started his career as a left winger playing junior ice hockey from 1921 to 1925. He signed as a free agent with the Montreal Maroons on November 10, 1926. He spent the next two seasons splitting time between the Maroons and the Stratford Nationals of the Canadian Professional Hockey League. Emms then moved to the Windsor Bulldogs in the International Hockey League, for two seasons, and scored 21 goals both seasons.

Emms was traded to New York Americans on May 14, 1930. In 1930–31, Emms played his first full NHL season at the age of 25, in 44 games with the New York Americans. He started the 1931–32 season with Americans, was traded to the Detroit Falcons on December 29, 1931, then played briefly with New Haven Eagles in the Canadian–American Hockey League, before being called back up to the NHL. He played three seasons in Detroit, but was not happy, and asked Jack Adams to release him.

Emms signed as a free agent by Boston Bruins on, October 28, 1934, and switched to playing defence. He played only 11 games with the Bruins, and was traded to New York Americans on December 14, 1934. He played three more seasons in New York, and was traded to Detroit on February 13, 1938, ending his NHL career. Emms played on Detroit's farm team, the Pittsburgh Hornets in the IAHL for two seasons.

Player-coach
Emms joined the Omaha Knights in the American Hockey Association, as a player-coach. Emms scored 19 goals in the 1939–40 season, and led his team to the AHA finals. Emms broke his leg part way through the 1941–42 season. He remained on the team as coach, and led the Knights to the AHA championship. After a couple years off from hockey, Emms returned to coach the St. Louis Flyers of the American Hockey League in the 1944–45 season, and played the final two games of his career. Six games into the 1945–46 season, Emms left St. Louis to return home.

Barrie Flyers
Emms founded the Barrie Flyers in his hometown of Barrie, in the Ontario Hockey Association. From 1945 to 1960, Emms was head coach and owner of the Flyers, and the team was sponsored by the Boston Bruins. Barrie won its first J. Ross Robertson Cup in the third season of play, defeating the original Windsor Spitfires in the finals. In the Eastern Canada finals, the Flyers won the George Richardson Memorial Trophy versus the Montreal Nationales. The Flyers played in the 1948 Memorial Cup, losing to the Port Arthur West End Bruins. Barrie repeated as OHA champions the following season, defeating the Toronto Marlboros for the J. Ross Robertson Cup. In the Eastern Canada finals, Barrie lost to the Montreal Royals. Emms rebuilt the team in 1950, and then finished first place in the OHA in 1951. The Flyers returned to the OHA finals, beating the Toronto Marlboros. The Flyers won the Eastern Canada title versus the Quebec Citadels, and won the 1951 Memorial Cup versus the Winnipeg Monarchs.

The Flyers finished first place in the OHA in 1953. Emms was involved in controversy during the OHA playoffs in 1953, when he refused to play a Sunday playoff game for religious reasons, and when he had a goal judge handcuffed and removed from Barrie Arena. Despite the incidents, Emms' Flyers won its fourth J. Ross Robertson Cup in 1953, defeating the Toronto St. Michael's Majors, and then won its third George Richardson Memorial Trophy as Eastern Canada champions versus the Quebec Citadels. Barrie won its second national title, defeating the St. Boniface Canadiens in the 1953 Memorial Cup. Emms next seven seasons were not as successful, but his team did reach the 1956 OHA finals.

Some notable players Emms coached on the Barrie Flyers included brothers Dick Cherry and Don Cherry, Real Chevrefils, Marv Edwards, Ray Gariepy, Howie Glover, Leo Labine, Wayne Maxner, Gilles Mayer, Don McKenney, Paul Meger, Doug Mohns, Jim Morrison, Ron Stewart, Orval Tessier, Jerry Toppazzini, and Ed Westfall.

Niagara Falls Flyers
Emms moved the Flyers from Barrie, and operated the franchise from Niagara Falls, Ontario from 1960 to 1972. Emms slowly relinquished coaching duties to others, but continued as team owner, and general manager. The Niagara Falls Flyers were still sponsored by the Bruins until the direct NHL sponsorship of junior clubs halted in 1967. In the Flyers third season, the team finished first place in the OHA, winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy with 69 points. Niagara Falls defeated the Toronto Neil McNeil Maroons in the OHA finals to win its first J. Ross Robertson Cup in its new city, and the fifth for Emms. The Flyers defeated the Espanola Eagles in the Eastern Canada finals, to advance to the 1963 Memorial Cup played in Edmonton, but lost to the Edmonton Oil Kings in six games. Two seasons later, Emms led the Flyers to another first-place finish with 81 points, and a second Hamilton Spectator Trophy. Niagara Falls defeated the Toronto Marlboros in the OHA finals, and advanced to a rematch with the Edmonton Oil Kings in the 1965 Memorial Cup, also played in Edmonton. Emms won his third Memorial Cup as his Flyers prevailed in five games.

Three season later, Emms had another championship team. The Flyers finished fourth place in the OHA, but marched through the playoffs to win the J. Ross Robertson Cup versus the Kitchener Rangers, the seventh for Emms. Niagara won the Eastern Canada final versus the Verdun Maple Leafs. Four of the five games in the 1968 Memorial Cup were played at Emms' home rink, the Niagara Falls Memorial Arena. The Flyers won all four games on home ice for their second Memorial Cup title, and the fourth for Emms. After 1968, many of the players graduated to higher leagues, and the Flyers struggled for the next four seasons, missing the playoffs twice, and winning only one playoff series. In 1972, Emms sold the Flyers, and the team was relocated to become the Sudbury Wolves.

Notable Niagara Falls Flyers players are: Don Awrey, Jim Lorentz, Rick Ley, Don Marcotte, Barry Wilkins, Rosaire Paiement, Steve Atkinson, Bill Goldsworthy, Jean Pronovost, John Arbour, Gilles Marotte, Bernie Parent, Doug Favell, Derek Sanderson, Brad Selwood, Phil Roberto, Tom Webster, and Phil Myre.

Boston Bruins
During the 1965–66 and 1966–67 seasons Emms was the general manager of both the NHL Bruins, and the Niagara Falls Flyers. Emms succeeded Lynn Patrick as only the third GM in the Bruins' 41-year history to that point. Emms brought in such players as Bernie Parent, Pit Martin, John "Pie" McKenzie, Gerry Cheevers, Gilles Marotte and Gary Doak to the Bruins. He also promoted Harry Sinden to coach in 1966, and was the general manager during Bobby Orr's first season in the National Hockey League. The Bruins were in the midst of an eight-year slump, and failed to make the playoffs during Emms' two seasons. Emms and the Bruins mutually ended his management, and he returned to the Niagara Fall Flyers. Emms was replaced by his assistant, Milt Schmidt.

St. Catharines Blackhawks
Emms purchased the St. Catharines Black Hawks immediately after selling the Flyers in 1972. In his first season with the new club, Emms was suspended by the league for an incident involving the Toronto Marlboros' Mark Napier, who had signed a professional contract to play for the Toronto Toros. The World Hockey Association contract was not to take effect until after Napier's junior season was complete, but Emms felt it was wrong to have what he deemed a professional playing in junior hockey. During a game against Toronto, Emms ordered his players to wear their jerseys backwards and play with their sticks upside down in protest. The Toronto Marlboros won 14–0, Emms was fined $1,000, and suspended for one year by league commissioner Tubby Schmalz.

By the 1973–74 season, Emms had built the Black Hawks into a championship team. They finished second place in the regular season, then went undefeated in all three OHA playoff rounds to capture the J. Ross Robertson Cup versus the Peterborough Petes. It was Emms' eighth and final OHA title as a general manager. In the 1974 Memorial Cup played in Calgary at the Stampede Corral, the Black Hawks faced the Regina Pats, and the Quebec Remparts. Emm's team won its first game 4–1 over Quebec, then lost to Regina 4–0. In the semifinal game, St. Catharines was defeated 11–3 by Quebec. He led the Black Hawks for two more seasons in St. Catharines, missing the playoffs both times. Emms' time in St. Catharines produced several NHL players including, Wilf Paiement, Gary McAdam, Rick Hampton, Ken Breitenbach, Garry Lariviere, Rick Adduono, and Dave Gorman.

Emms relocated the team to Niagara Falls at the end of the 1975–76 season, becoming the second incarnation of the Niagara Falls Flyers. In his last two seasons, his team missed the playoffs twice, but developed future Hall of Famer Mike Gartner. In his final draft as a general manager in 1977, Emms had the opportunity to draft Wayne Gretzky with the second overall pick, but chose Steve Peters instead. Emms sold the Flyers to Reg Quinn in 1978, and retired from hockey.

Personal life
Emms coached his son Paul Emms, and nephew Don Emms on the Barrie Flyers. Paul Emms later coached the Niagara Falls Flyers while his father managed. Emms was known for smoking a pipe, being frugal with money, and fined players for cursing. He suffered a stroke in 1983, which left him unable to walk or talk. He died of heart failure on October 22, 1988, in Niagara Falls. Emms was interred at Barrie Union Cemetery.

Awards and legacy
Emms received the Ontario Hockey Association Gold Stick Award in 1955. The Emms Family Award was donated in 1973 by Emms, as an annual award to recognize the OHL Rookie of the Year. The Hap Emms Memorial Trophy was created in 1975, to recognize the outstanding goaltender at the Memorial Cup tournament. From the 1975–76 OMJHL season until the 1993–94 OHL season, the more westerly of the league's two divisions was named the Emms Division in his memory. Likewise, the Emms Trophy for winning the same division, was created at the same time. Since the 1994–95 OHL season, it is awarded to the team winning the central division.

title: Hap Emms


text:
User:Shaiba Roohi/sandbox/quick make up routine for office

''Hi, I understand the chores we have to do before we rush to the office and makeup is one of the most essential part of any women's life. Not everyone wants to do glam makeup and few of us dont understand how to rock the no makeup makeup look.This look requires  5-10 minutes max. Here is the list of essential products to rock natural look: (1)essential face oil    Brand: Beauty co rose gold oil (2)face moisturizer      Brand: Nivea Moisturizer (3)eye cream             Brand: Biotique eye gel (4)Eye brow product      Brand: Benefit eye brow pencil (5)strobe cream          Brand: Mac strobe  cream (6)concealer             Brand: LA girl pro concealer (7)foundation            Brand: Maybelline superstay (8)compact powder        Brand: Lakme 9 to 5 (9)blusher               Brand: Maybelline color show: fresh coral (10)lip liner            Brand:  Pac lipliner sin the shade muave (11)nude lipstick        Brand: NYX lip lingerie in the shade Exotic (12)mascara              Brand: Colorbar voluminising mascara (13)eye shadow           Brand: maybelline nude pallete (14)face mist            Brand: forest essentials

You can find all the above mentioned products from Nykaa

Here are few steps that can be followed to acheive natural make up look: (1) cleanse your face with face wipes (2) put 2-3 drops of face oil (3) apply moisturiser (4) apply eye cream (5) follow the pattern of your brows and try to fill in the spaces between them (6) Apply one pump of concealer around your eyes and blend it out with a wet beauty sponge (7) mix one drop of strobe cream and one pump of foundation and apply all over your face (8) apply compact powder (9) apply warm or nude brown eye shadow all over your lid (10) apply mascara (11) apply lip liner and lipstick (12) put on some face mist and dab it with sponge and your ready to rock the natural amkeup look. i know this seems to look like a long procedure but beleive me with practise you can ace this look

Thank you


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Ole Andreas Lindeman

Ole Andreas Lindeman (17 January 1769 – 26 February 1857) was a Norwegian musician, organist, composer and music educator.

He was born in the parish of Øye in Surnadal, Norway. After graduating from Trondheim Cathedral School, Lindeman attended the University of Copenhagen where first he studied law. He was subsequently a music student of Danish- Norwegian composer and music theorist, Israel Gottlieb Wernicke (1755-1836).

Following a request from Bishop Johan Christian Schønheyder,  Lindeman moved to Trondheim to become organist at Vår Frue kirke. Lindeman retained the organist position until his death 1857 having served as an organist in Trondheim in more than 50 years. During that time, he organized many concerts, composed songs and collected Norwegian folk tunes. He also taught others, among them Thomas Tellefsen, who settled in Paris and became a notable pianist and composer.

In 1831, Lindeman publish the hymnal Udvalg af Psalmer uddragne af den Evangelisk-christelige Psalmebog, i sær til Brug for den skolesøgende Ungdom. Halv-hundrede Fjeldmelodier harmoniserede for Mandsstemmer and the three volumes of Ældre og nyere norske Fjeldmelodier were published separately between 1853–1867. He was the father of five sons, including Ludvig Mathias Lindeman who served as cantor and organist at Oslo Cathedral.

title: Ole Andreas Lindeman


text:
File talk:ÖPNV-Systeme in China.png

Pending updates
●Suzhou starts buliding its surburban line S1 to Kunshan from the end of 2018, ●Shenzhen now is buliding line 6 branch line to Dongguan, ●Sanya(in Hainan Provice) and Mengzi(in Yunnan Province )had operated their tram lines, ●Wuyishan(in Fujian Province) is buliding its light rail Wuyishan New District Light Rail.
 * July 28, 2017, Wuhan opened its first tram line. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Howchou (talk • contribs) 03:56, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * need to add some lines:
 * need to talk about the surburban line Guangzhou–Dongguan–Shenzhen intercity railway belongs to which city
 * Wuxi plans to start buliding S1 line to Jiangyin city in June 2019.

title: File talk:ÖPNV-Systeme in China.png


text:
Category:Use Liberian English

Wikipedia articles that are written in Liberian English, and with terms different or absent from American English, Commonwealth English, and other dialects of English belong in this category. Use  to add an article to this category. See ENGVAR.

For reference, there are 0 articles on English Wikipedia as of 29 July 2024

title: Category:Use Liberian English


text:
Ukrainian

You are welcome to study one of the most beautiful languages in the world, descendant of language of ancient sacred Slavic texts, Principality of Rus, language of Cossacks - free people by the will of God known all over the world and of modern Ukrainian (Ukrainian Cossack) nation, state and society.

Please remember, the main secrets in quick learning of every language—freedom of mind and constant training, using and speaking it. If you want to learn our language - read, write, listen, make friends with us and soon you will become the real Cossack, free-minded man of the world—one of us. :) Don't worry to pronounce or say in your own way, to use mixed language—we, Ukrainians often also use it and we like to talk and make friends with people from all parts of our world despite their language skills, because we believe that all humanity is one big community of friends, or in our language—real Cossacks. :)

Such sites as Wikipedia in Ukrainian and Google Translate (one of the best translators in the modern world) will be a great help for you, especially during first time.

/Introduction/

 * Ukrainian/History

Ukrainian language reference and parts of speech

 * /Alphabet and Pronunciation/
 * /Grammar/
 * /Words/
 * /Simple Sentences/
 * /Complex Sentences/
 * /Common Phrases/
 * Parallel English-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-English Texts

/Ukrainian Culture/

 * Naming
 * /History/
 * /Religion/

Authors & Contributors

 * /Authors & Contributors/

Українська мова

אוקראינית

title: Ukrainian


text:
How To Search/MOBIUS Consortium

MOBIUS
 * Purpose: MOBIUS makes available "a virtual collection of the approximately 14 million items in the libraries of Missouri's colleges and universities and creates a single user interface that allows faculty and students to request library materials using any personal computer in any location with access to the Internet."
 * Audience: Students and employees of institutions which are part of the MOBIUS consortium.
 * Scope: All cataloged material from MOBIUS member institutions.
 * Refresh Rate: Item records are made available as they are purchased and catalogued by librarians.
 * Further Information: MOBIUS uses the Millennium library system. Further searching information can be found at ../Millennium-III/. Most of the items found in the MOBIUS catalog are available via Inter Library Loan from your local library if you live in the United States.

Boolean Operators
See ../Millennium-III/

Other Operators
See ../Millennium-III/

Search Fields
See ../Millennium-III/

title: How To Search/MOBIUS Consortium


text:
Ingalill

Etymology
From +, a pet form of Inga, "little Inga", that came to regular use in early twentieth century.

title: Ingalill


text:
Zumaglia Castle

Zumaglia Castle (Castello di Zumaglia) is a medieval castle located at the top of Brich di Zumaglia on the borders of the communes of Zumaglia and Ronco Biellese in the Province of Biella.

History
The castle was built in 1291 on the site of a previous construction. It was reinforced around 1329 by order of the bishop of Vercelli Lombardo della Torre. It was destroyed in an attack by Henry II of France in 1556, and rebuilt in 1937 by count Vittorio Buratti. The surrounding areas of Brich di Zumaglia and Mont Prève were established in 1995.

Area
The building is accessible on foot from 2 cobbled paths and a dirt road that go up either side from the Ronco Biellese sports center, or from the area separating Brich di Zumaglia from Mont Prevè. The Grande Traversata del Biellese, a 234 km hiking trail, also passes through the area.

The castle, which has been managed since June 2013 by a.r.s. Teatrando (a theater company), is used for events, exhibitions, receptions, music and cultural activities, including a touring theater festival by the company itself each summer.

title: Zumaglia Castle


text:
User:LibrarianDivine/TWA/Earth/2

Shape and structure

Tectonic plates

Surface

Atmosphere

Weather, climate, and water cycle

Orbit and rotation

title: User:LibrarianDivine/TWA/Earth/2


text:
Grogan's Point

Grogan’s Point is an estate neighborhood and golf course community in the Village of Grogan’s Mill of The Woodlands, a planned community in Texas.

Established in 1982, it is third of nine estate neighborhoods developed in The Woodlands. Its namesake is the Grogan-Cochran Lumber Company, the last sawmill to operate in the area. It is characterized by large residences on large land lots. It consists of 800 acres, 465 estates, 3 parks, and 2 ponds. It borders the 13th hole of The Oaks Golf Course of The Woodlands Resort, which is ranked by Golf Digest as one of the best golf resorts in North America.

Grogan's Point is known for the six historic-inspired estates built by the Westbrook Building Company. It was a prominent neighborhood for many Enron executives and remains closely linked to the energy industry due to the proximity of ExxonMobil's main campus.

History
Grogan's Point was initially envisioned as an equestrian community, emphasizing George Mitchell's founding vision of The Woodlands staying close to nature. As development of the Grogan's Mill Village began in 1972, it was stalled by the 1970s energy crisis, which significantly affected Greater Houston due to its standing as the "Energy capital of the world." To attract buyers from River Oaks and Memorial, the plan was changed to build an estate neighborhood characterized by large residences on large land lots. Development was led by Wally and Leo Westbrook of the Westbrook Building Company, who constructed the first 80 estates. Grogan's Point success became the model for estate neighborhoods future villages would follow, including West Isle (1988), Windward Cove (1990), The Cove (1991), Carlton Woods (1998), Carlton Woods Creekside (2007), and East Shore (2008).

Development of Grogan's Point commenced in three main phases:

 * Phase 1 (1982-1990), Grogans Point Rd, Watertree, Longspur, Southgate
 * Phase 2 (1993-1999), Red Sable, Northgate, N. Tranquil Path, Hillock Woods
 * Phase 3 (2004-2011), S. Tranquil Path, Starlight, Angel Leaf

Flooding
Grogan's Point is encircled by Spring Creek and Panther Creek and has been increasingly challenged by flooding potentially due to climate change. Following the flooding of Hurricane Harvey, Texas Governor Greg Abbott directed the San Jacinto River Authority in April 2018 to "find ways to mitigate flooding" in neighborhoods such as Grogan's Point. In October 2018, The Woodlands Water Agency proposed a project "to enlarge four box culverts," for Grogan's Point. As of July 2019, mitigation efforts are still underway.

Major floods

 * October 1994, Flood of Record
 * June 2001, Tropical Storm Allison
 * August 2017, Hurricane Harvey

Minor floods

 * August 2005, Hurricane Katrina
 * August 2007, Tropical Storm Erin
 * September 2008, Hurricane Ike
 * May 2015, Texas–Oklahoma Flood and Tornado Outbreak
 * April 2016, North American Storm Complex
 * May 2016, North American Storm Complex

Governance
Grogan's Point falls under the governance of the Grogan's Mill Village Association, and in-turn, The Woodlands Township, a special-purpose district created by the 73rd Texas Legislature in 1993. The Woodlands is not a city nor a traditional township government, however it still provides limited municipal government services such as trash pickup, parks and recreation, covenant enforcement, fire and rescue services, streetscaping, economic development, and enhanced law enforcement and security patrols.

Grogan's Point Residents' Association is a voluntary social membership organization for residents. Affiliate membership is available for former residents. It is governed by bylaws. The stated mission of GPRA is to "promote a beautiful, safe, vibrant, friendly, and informed community for all residents of Grogan’s Point."

Amenities

 * The Woodlands Resort
 * 500 acres
 * 4 restaurants
 * The Oaks and Panther Trail Golf Courses
 * Forest Oasis Waterpark and Lazy river
 * 21 outdoor and indoor tennis courts
 * Two swimming pools, three whirlpools
 * Spa and Fitness Center
 * 402 hotel rooms
 * Conference Center with 33 meeting rooms
 * Direct access to 200+ miles of nature trails throughout Woodlands

 * Grogan's Point Park
 * 7 acres
 * Basketball, Tennis, and Volleyball courts, Soccer field and Swing Set
 * Pavilion, Picnic tables, BBQ pits, Drinking fountains, Restrooms, Parking
 * Mel Killian Park
 * Fishing
 * Pastoral Pond Park
 * Fishing
 * Hike and Jog
 * 2 mile paved track spanning Grogan's Point Rd
 * Direct access to 200+ miles of nature trails throughout Woodlands

Notable estates

 * The Antebellum, inspired by the Houmas House Plantation and Gardens
 * 62 Grogans Point Rd
 * Built in 1988 by the Westbrook Building Company
 * 8,372 sqft
 * 1.54 acres
 * Carpenter Estate, inspired by the Château de Lucé
 * 206 N Tranquil Path
 * Built in 1996 by the Westbrook Building Company
 * 8,400 sqft
 * 2 acres
 * Governor's Estate, inspired by the Texas Governor's Mansion
 * 3 Misty Grove
 * Built in 1990 by the Westbrook Building Company
 * 9,851 sqft
 * 0.89 acres
 * Rovirosa Estate, 2nd largest estate in Grogan's Point
 * 47 N Longspur
 * Built in 1985
 * 17,707 sqft
 * 2.83 acres
 * Oak Alley, inspired by the Oak Alley Plantation
 * 86 Red Sable
 * Built in 1994 by the Westbrook Building Company
 * 9,707 sqft
 * 1.48 acres
 * Pew Estate, 3rd largest estate in Grogan's Point
 * 66 Red Sable
 * Built in 1992 by the Westbrook Building Company
 * 16,621 sqft
 * 1.69 acres
 * Powell Estate, largest land lot in Grogan's Point
 * 126 S Tranquil Path
 * Built in 2004
 * 10,582 sqft
 * 8.95 acres
 * Turek Compound, largest estate in Grogan's Point
 * 199 N Tranquil Path
 * Built in 1999, inspired by the White House northern facing facade
 * 8,805 sqft
 * 2.03 acres
 * 203 N Tranquil Path Dr
 * Built in 2014, inspired by the West Wing
 * 19,513 sqft
 * 2.29 acres
 * Thistle Hill, inspired by the Wharton–Scott House
 * 38 Grogans Point Rd
 * Built in 1989 by the Westbrook Building Company
 * 6,549 sqft
 * 0.71 acres

Notable residents

 * Adrian Peterson
 * Josh Lowrey Entrepreneur and Host of Oilfield 360 Podcast
 * Lyle Lovett
 * Robert Marling
 * Patrick Reed 2018 Masters Champion
 * Alexandro Rovirosa Martinez, founder and chief executive at Roma Energy

title: Grogan's Point


text:
Sarah Fane, Countess of Westmorland

Sarah Anne Fane, Countess of Westmorland ( Child; 28 August 1764 – 9 November 1793) was an English noblewoman.

She was the only child of Robert Child, the owner of Osterley Park and principal shareholder in the banking firm Child & Co, and Sarah Child. She married John Fane, 10th Earl of Westmorland, on 20 May 1782 at Gretna Green after they eloped together. Her parents were dissatisfied with the match: Sarah Anne being an only child, her father wanted her to marry a commoner who would take the Child name; but Sarah Anne told her mother, "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush." Her father would leave no capital to her or any eldest child, leaving his house and fortune to the (any) second child of Sarah Anne, instead of the likely Westmorland primogeniture heir-to-be. A second marriage ceremony took place at Apethorpe, Northamptonshire on 7 June 1782. She died of a fever at Phoenix Park, Dublin on 9 November, 1793.

Sarah Anne and the earl's surviving children were:
 * John Fane, 11th Earl of Westmorland (1784–1859)
 * Lady Sarah Sophia Fane (1785–1867), married Viscount Villers, later George Villiers, 5th Earl of Jersey, in 1804.
 * Lady Augusta Fane (1786–1871), m. 1. John Parker, Lord Boringdon (later 1st Earl of Morley), in 1804, divorced 1809; m. 2 also in 1809 Sir Arthur Paget (1771–1840), son of the 1st Earl of Uxbridge.
 * Lady Maria Fane (1787–1834), m. 1805 John Ponsonby, Viscount Duncannon, later 4th Earl of Bessborough.
 * Lady Charlotte Fane (1793–1822)

As only one son of the marriage survived, most of Child's fortune eventually went to his eldest granddaughter, Lady Sarah Sophia.

Seven years after Sarah's death, the Earl of Westmorland married Jane Saunders, an heiress, and had further children.

title: Sarah Fane, Countess of Westmorland


text:
Talk:Enhancing Student Mobility through Online Support

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Enhancing Student Mobility through Online Support. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070511015516/http://ec.europa.eu/education/programmes/llp/erasmus/erasmus_en.html to http://ec.europa.eu/education/programmes/llp/erasmus/erasmus_en.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070304200613/http://ec.europa.eu/education/programmes/socrates/minerva/descrip1_en.html to http://ec.europa.eu/education/programmes/socrates/minerva/descrip1_en.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:05, 21 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
File:MC Relative letter.JPG

Seventh photo copy: Letter stating need for information on missing relative from Morro Castle disaster. From photo copies owned by Lew Norris, deceased and now owned by C.V.Norris who has copyright privileges. All of the copies of the (original photos), that will be submitted to Wikipedia for use on their Morro Castle information, are at the New York, Maritime Industry Museum of Fort Schyler, donated by C.V.Norris.

(Tagged as GFDL-self by User:JesseW due to the name of the uploader and the clear intent to make the photos available on Wikipedia.)

title: File:MC Relative letter.JPG


text:
Vineyard, Kentucky

Vineyard is an unincorporated community located in Jessamine County, Kentucky, United States. It is an elevation of 906 ft (276m).

title: Vineyard, Kentucky


text:
Introduction to Reading English

English is constructed of:

 * 1) /Nouns/ - Nouns are Objects, meaning Persons, Places, or Things.
 * 2) Example - I threw the ball.
 * 3) /Verbs/ - Lexical Verbs fall into three main categories, actions, states and events.
 * 4) [Action] Action verbs may have an object (transitive verbs) or they may have none (intransitive verbs)
 * 5) Example - Action (transitive):I threw the ball.
 * 6) Example - Action (intransitive) : He smiled.
 * 7) [state] State verbs are verbs like love, hate, think, believe. They tend to be verbs concerned with emotions and thinking, as well as the verb to be
 * 8) Example - I admire him for his courage
 * 9) [Event] Some verbs describe events rather than actions.
 * 10) Example - Stocks fell on Wall Street this morning.
 * 11) /Auxiliary Verbs/ - These are the verbs be, do and have. They are used for interrogatives, aspect and passive. Note that the three verbs can also exist as lexical verbs.
 * 12) Example - Do you like her?
 * 13) Example - He has been living here for three years.
 * 14) Example - He was killed in an accident.
 * 15) /Modal Verbs/ Core modal verbs (must, could, should, might, can, may, will, would, shall) indicate degree of probability/certainty/necessity and are also used to indicate politeness and tentativeness.
 * 16) Example - (probability) He could be in Birmingham but he might have gone to Nuneaton.
 * 17) Example - (necessity) You must sign it now or you'll lose the money.
 * 18) Example - (politeness) Would you step this way, sir?
 * 19) /Adjectives/ - Words that DESCRIBE Nouns.
 * 20) Example - I threw the red ball.
 * 21) /Adverbs/ - Words that DESCRIBE Verbs.
 * 22) Example - I quickly threw the red ball.
 * 23) /Pronouns/ - Words that IDENTIFY the Actor or Object.
 * 24) Example - I quickly threw the red ball.
 * 25) Example - He quickly threw the red ball.
 * 26) Example - It quickly threw the red ball.
 * 27) Example - I quickly threw the red ball at it.

title: Introduction to Reading English


text:
User:Strombetta20

Samuel A. Trombetta is a student of Media and Communications at Arcadia University who is learning how to use Wikipedia. As part of an assignment I have edited the Wikipedia page for PLATINUM (cybercrime group)

title: User:Strombetta20


text:
Constitution of the Princely House of Liechtenstein

The Constitution of the Princely House of Liechtenstein of 26 October 1993 is the basic document that governs the Princely House of Liechtenstein. It was signed by the reigning prince Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein and Markus Büchel Head of Government of Liechtenstein. This princely constitution however is not to be confused with the Constitution of Liechtenstein that was established in 1921. The document sets out things like titles of the members of the Princely House, marriage, adoption, succession to the throne and abdication and renunciation of the right to succeed to the throne. The document opens with a preamble stated below:

''For several centuries the Liechtenstein family has been governed by statutes. In parts the old provisions no longer met modern requirements. The family therefore decided on 26 October 1993 to repeal the previous statute and to adopt a new one in keeping with its traditions. These centuries-old family traditions include the Catholic faith, which shall also serve as a guiding principle in future decisions, whilst respecting the freedom of belief and conscience of the individual. We beseech God and the Mother of God to protect our family and our country in the future as they have done in the past.''


text:
Talk:Self-limiting

Structure
I set it up as if the biological usage of the term is the primary one. If someone disagrees. and wants to set up a general definition and demote the biological usage to the same level as the other usages, I'd be fine with that. StuRat 16:36, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

"Other fields" additions
Another possible field is psychology, where a person could be said to limit their own achievements and success by their own actions. StuRat 16:36, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Self-limiting


text:
User:MagicalKarp/sandbox

The Reformationist-Serrian War was a series of conflicts fought between two major political parties in the vicinity of Chataigneraie, lasting from the start to the end of September 2019. Most players of high power in the region around Chataigneraie, particularly the female ones, had a play in the war, taking sides. It was one of the bloodiest conflicts in the century of the institute's existence, resulting in the toppling of the long reigning monarch, Serra, and replacing it with a larger Reformationist national assembly.

Although currently the war is on the side of the Reformationists, the Islan Thots are slowly growing their numbers and may soon bring the upper hand to the Kingdom of Serra, despite their already higher numbers being mostly a conscript force.

There are rumours that the Clout-Queen is attempting to recruit child soldiers from the year below her kingdom, yet they are still unconfirmed.

Prelude
Leading up to the civil war the Kingdom of Serra held a tight grip on the year, her harem at a healthy 10 strong and most major females siding with her, most importantly the Duchy of Isla, their greatest vassal which very often intermingled with Serrrian nobles. Her reign was one of mostly prosperity, yet sometimes tragedy as forces clashed in minor skirmishes near the Memorial Grove, sometimes considered sport.

Still, as all empires do, it slowly came crashing down with the large influx of migrants from foreign lands, quickly taking high positions that once fell to those loyal to her, ultimately weakening her grasp. The Reformationists, originally known as the Barony of Sien, did not swear fealty, yet maintained good terms with the kingdom, rarely were there even minor disputes.

The first wave of migrants shattered Serrian hierarchy, elevating the Barony of Sien higher as the kingdom sunk, but the second switched peaceful diplomacy to boiling tensions, the two finally being on equal footing.

Then, the third wave came, giving the Siennae the power to finally lash out and revolt, even accepting one of the migrants into their ranks and giving her a right-hand position to the Supreme Thot, who officially declared war.

Battle of the Hall
Soon after the declaration of war, the Reformationists (now rebranded as such) dealt a quick and decisive blow by honoring the new Right-Thot, Vanessa, in public in front of several Serrean followers at the Hall which began the first battle of the war. Even those in more minor nations, such as the Princedom of Mensa, the Followers of Bishop and the Geseur Hegemony were surprised and either remained neutral or took sides, even incurring splits in some of the smaller and less stable nations.

This congratulations of the Right-Thot and her granting of power caused the first Islan casualties as they gathered around and attempted to resist, yet were cut down by the hordes of contradictory arguments.

In response to the loss of life from her highest vassal, the Clout-Queen, despite not showing herself, sent the Thotmaster accompanied by her personal guard, the French Thots-To-Be to disperse the group, having mild success at making some of the smaller nations move away their people. This move saw the first Reformationist blood spilt, and the guarding Not-Quite-Thots were silently captured to present themselves in front of her Cloutness, sentencing them to execution.

After the other nations dismissed themselves or were dismissed by the Serrians the event ended and they went back to plan out their next moves.

Storming of Lauseum Tunnel
With the casualties from the Battle of the Hall being too high for the enemy's casualties in the Supreme Thot's opinion, she sent an army of Half-Thots to storm and sack the royal palace, but were met by the much more powerful Ecolin Empire who guarded the border ferociously, and when met with the obviously superior force, the Reformationists decided to fearlessly attack, yet were cut down, the army splitting and instead taking undefended Serrean land as the Ecolin were occupied by the other half of their force, taking the tunnel and killing half the Islan army in the process, as well as all other forts as they freed captive foreign criminals who were held there. They were eventually bested as the Serreans rallied at the Failed Communal, which is now their last remaining fortified territory.

Guerilla warfare and subterfuge
Being in a stalemate due to the Ecolin Empire guarding all land in between the two warring states, they both resorted to stealth and sabotage, interrupting caravans and burning neutral parties who wished to trade with each other to the dismay of the Geseur and Mensans.

Although this strategy was mostly successful, they were also not without loss, all the French Thots-To-Be rounded up with issue, the Reformationists taking 7 Half-Thot casualties in the process, cancelled and executed under the supervision of the Left-Thot Laila as well as the harem defecting as the kingdom and rebellion grew weaker.

No progress further than that has been made on either side on the sabotage front of the war, but Reformationist spies have found Islans growing in number in their last remaining territory, indicating towards a potential push from the Serreans despite the looming force of the Ecolin empire, and on the opposite side of the spectrum, Serrean spies have found an odd device called "lying" which may be able to sway the Ecolin away from their forces.

title: User:MagicalKarp/sandbox


text:
Talk:Movie Making Manual/The Basic Basics

I feel the info in this section would be better off spread out into the main part of the manual. Especially something like job descriptions which would be useful off the main index not hidden in this section

The Introduction

 * This is the introduction to the Movie Making Manual. It should have its own section.  It is designed to interest readers in the rest of the pages of this manual.   Robert Elliott


text:
Talk:Researching with Wikipedia

With regard to your information about Howars Simons, managing editor of the Washington post during watergate, I would like to add that I grew up with him in albany, New York. I was one year older than him and we were in Boy Scout Troop 33 together. I was his patrol leader in 1941 and 1942 in the Woodpecker patrol. We attended Philip schuyler high school together and I graduated one year before him. I was sorry to learn that he passed away in 1989 the year that I retired and moved to Florida. I never would have predicted that he would become an active doer in national politics.

Can Wikipedia be quantifiably tested for accuracy?
So, after a discussion with some collegues about uses of technology in education (and of course the lack of respect for wiki in the academic circles), we raised a question/theory about Wikipedia.

Here is the Hypotheses:

H1: The more contributors to a page, the great the level of reliability of the page.

H2: At some critical point of contribution, the wiki page has to be more reliable than a text book with only one or two authors.

Is there anybody out there that has tested this, or is interested in creating a model with me to test this?

Prof.

title: Talk:Researching with Wikipedia


text:
Talk:Vulture restaurant

Untitled
This is a name given to Vulture conservation site in bijauri of Dang Deokhuri District.

Bibliography for student edit project for this page.

Efficacy of vulture restaurants

Vulture restaurant provisioning associated with decreased mortality in white-backed vultures in Pakistan

Use of vulture restaurants in mitigating problem caused by a bovine disease outbreak

Closure of vulture restaurants, impact

A population of vultures in Swaziland studied to determine their dependence on vulture restaurants, at a time when many are closing

Ecological impact

Predation of ground nesting birds seems to increase around vulture restaurants with carcasses

Increased presence of other scavengers that cause damage in addition to conflicts with ecotourism, human needs, and risks to the vultures themselves.

Will continue to gather information focusing on the uses and impacts of vulture restaurants globally, conflicts surrounding their use, and their role in specific conservation efforts. -- Eudocimus (talk) 22:52, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

Started moving Sandbox draft over to main page, see sandbox draft with intended new sections at User:Eudocimus/Vulture restaurant -- Eudocimus (talk) 15:45, 21 April 2021 (UTC)

I have now finished moving components over from my draft Eudocimus (talk) 20:40, 26 April 2021 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 16 January 2021 and 5 May 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Eudocimus. Peer reviewers: Anonymouspandabear.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 13:46, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vulture restaurant


text:
Kalaavida

Kalaavida (Kannada: ಕಲಾವಿದ) is a 1949 Indian Kannada film, directed by and Krishnan and Suryanarayana. Produced by and starring B. Sohanlal in the lead role, it also stars Khantha and Shantha as parallel leads. The film had musical score by P. Kalinga Rao.

Cast

 * B. Sohanlal
 * Khantha
 * Shantha

title: Kalaavida


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Amir Sarkosh

The result was delete per G5. HickoryOughtShirt?4 (talk) 18:57, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

Amir Sarkosh

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Non-notable at best, a hoax at worst. Article makes claims - some I've removed - that the player took part in events/finals that they did not. Lists off tournament finals they didn't compete at, and has a list of events listed as winning, where they only competed at. Never turned professional; which is the SNG. Best Wishes,  Lee Vilenski (talk • contribs) 07:00, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Sportspeople-related deletion discussions.  Megan Barris   (Lets talk📧)  07:05, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Iran-related deletion discussions.  Megan Barris   (Lets talk📧)  07:05, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete: Many of the sources are not even reliable sources.  Language is out of the question, but this topic ultimately fails WP:GNG.  See this Bing search... the first page is just links to other sites.  This news search shows only one trivial mention which means the topic fails WP:NPERSON. Aasim 07:50, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * WP:CSD (Sockpuppet investigations/ArmanAfifeh LTA) but I'm glad that there is also support for deletion on purely its own merits, as bad-faith content and a non-notable (at best) subject need not wait for a formal SPI conclusion. DMacks (talk) 14:49, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment I see the socks have found this AFD. DMacks (talk) 06:04, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment indeed G5 material (creator has been blocked as a sock), but if folks would prefer to let the AfD run I'm happy to let that happen as well. For reference, I think everyone who has tried to add articles about this person has been a sock of Sockpuppet_investigations/ArmanAfifeh. GeneralNotability (talk) 15:56, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment It's worth checking the spelling "Amir Sarkhosh" if this hasn't already been done. A search for "'Amir Sarkhosh' snooker" on NewsBank returns 196 results, but no doubt most if not all of these will be trivial mentions. It's a shame that the runner-up at the 2017 IBSF World Snooker Championship may fail GNG. Regards, BennyOnTheLoose (talk) 17:03, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * keep:I agree with @BennyOnTheLoose includes the comfort of WP:GNG.But in the end, it does not fail.The real name of the person is "Amir Sarkhosh" who should be transferred. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:45, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

 * keep:Amir Sarkhosh have been the captains of Iran's national snooker team in world competitions and have become champions. How can they not be famous? 12345And here their championships are recorded--Mmmikiikikikikik (talk) 20:56, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * — Mmmikiikikikikik (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic. . HickoryOughtShirt?4 (talk) 06:06, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * My dear friend, I made my argument. Above, my old colleague confirmed that this is for everyone. They can give their opinion.Mmmikiikikikikik (talk) 06:56, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

 * keep: He is one of the most popular snooker players. Please refer to this link to know that this person is famous. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:42, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * keep:The bachelor's degree is a good example because he has a championship in the 2017 IBSF World Snooker Championship is a hero.--Iraniansnookers (talk) 05:52, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * — Iraniansnookers (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic. . HickoryOughtShirt?4 (talk) 06:06, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Speedy delete per CSD G5 as GN noted.  Java Hurricane  06:16, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete per G5. Best, GPL93 (talk) 10:51, 19 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Linear Algebra

New book conversion more or less finished, Current LMOS
The conversion form Jim Heffron's book to wikibooks is now more or less complete. There are still a number of pages from the old book which can be found at Linear Algebra/OLD/TOC. These pages should either be merged, or (I think) could be used as a seed for a more advanced book on linear algebra for Mathematics majors. In terms of a local MOS, all mathematics is contained between $$$$, regardless of inline or displayed. Theorems, lemmas, remarks, examples, exercises, etc. should be in a. The book is written in American English. Thenub314 (talk) 15:00, 1 May 2010 (UTC)

Duplicate page
There is both a page http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Eigenvalues_and_eigenvectors (no capital letter) and http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Eigenvalues_and_Eigenvectors (with capital letter) But these are different pages. The table of contents of this book links to the latter, which seems to be the most maintained. But the wikipedia article about eigenvalues/vectors links to the former. Maybe the former should be removed and the wikipedia article changed? --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:32, 12 June 2010 (UTC)

Suggested points of discussion from failed WB:Featured books/Nominations
I think what happens next is discussion continues in the book's discussion pages by book contributors and those with issues with the book. Things to consider discussing more in the book's discussion pages might be: --dark lama  10:52, 2 July 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Does the book need a new name?
 * 2) Does the scope and audience of the book need to be better defined?
 * 3) Do parts need to be rewritten to be easier to follow and understand?
 * 4) Can missing material be added to reduce or eliminate a need to depend on Wikipedia links?
 * 5) How can this book be made better?

Orphaned pages

 * Linear Algebra/Inner product spaces
 * Linear Algebra/Topic: Crystals/Solutions
 * Linear Algebra/Topic: Linear Recurrences/Solutions

These are not linked to by this book. Please mark them for deletion with, link to them, or merge them into another page and mark them with. – Adrignola talk 00:35, 12 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks! Slip ups on my part, now linked where appropriate. Thenub314 (talk) 10:19, 12 July 2010 (UTC)

Outdated
This is a great wikibook and I am very impressed by the work done on it; however, the book it is based off is updated very regularly, while this one is not. I question whether it might be better to just redirect readers to the original. InverseHypercube (discuss • contribs) 23:00, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
 * How much has changed in the area of linear algebra? Is it just some of the applications sections? Or is it reorganization of the sections? Rgrasmus (discuss • contribs) 15:36, 24 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Agree, this is more a unsophisticated "young-Wikipedian" attitude I wouldn't expect to see much here on Wikibooks—it is a fallacy that all fields of knowledge are progressing at an breakneck pace rather than a recognition that things like mathematical theory or even physics fundamentals are rather stable and updating is hardly ever needed. A lot of the inflation of the cost of education could be eliminated by holding down the switching of texts for standard courses. For example, I have a physics text published in 1911, and 98% of it is still spot on, most of the rest is new theory-but for understanding fundamental mechanics and non-relativistic physics, Newtonian physics, the book is perfectly well suited.
 * Secondarily, if Mathematicians were good at having applications sections people would actually understand the topics. As an engineer, imho, the whole pedagogy mindset sucks. They do really poorly at relating math to the real world.
 * Next time, when tagging like these, please put the template in the edit summary. Finding when it was hung and by who would save others time, and have brought me to this note sooner. // Fra nkB 15:15, 31 July 2013 (UTC)

Pages that need serious care
As I've been reading through this book, I've noticed some pages have more errors than others Lazauya (discuss • contribs) 05:34, 6 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Linear_Algebra/Changing_Map_Representations This page has some big formatting errors that I tried to correct, but I simply do not know how Lazauya (discuss • contribs) 05:34, 6 June 2016 (UTC)

Topics related to unitary transformations
I have noticed that unitary (aka orthonormal) transformations/matrices are given a very light treatment. I am creating a new section to describe important results such as the singular value decomposition and the spectral theorem, with possibly some references to quantum information applications. Feel free to assist and correct where necessary.

Math buff (discuss • contribs) 00:56, 6 March 2017 (UTC)

errors
Upon attempting to load, I am repeatedly getting the following error: "504 Gateway Time-out / nginx/1.11.13" (Part 2 loads okay). The single-file PDF generated from  also contains display errors. Is there a way that I can print-to-PDF or download this book as just one or two files without having to print each chapter individually? Nicole Sharp (discuss • contribs) 21:53, 28 May 2017 (UTC)

Thorough rework?
What do you have in mind to rework, about this book? --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 12:39, 11 August 2017 (UTC)
 * In order to save the time of beginning students, I'll introduce the most general notions first, so that the theorems don't have to be repeated at a later stage in larger generality. In particular, determinants and matrix theory will be developed on the level of rings, elementaries on vector spaces will be stated on the level of modules (where of course the brief definition of modules gives a much finer mnemonic of the definition of vector spaces than the direct, "bare hands" definition that is pursued here). The rework will leave the current content as-is, until it is finished, and then the current wikibook will be moved somewhere else or deleted. --Mathmensch (discuss • contribs) 12:47, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

Moore-Penrose inverse
Dear Wikibookians,

I have recently transwikified a page on the Moore-Penrose inverse from Wikipedia and polished it for inclusion in the linear algebra section of the Topics in Abstract Algebra Wikibook (User:Felix QW/Proofs involving the Moore–Penrose inverse). However, as I was reformatting it, it occurred to me that it would be a natural follow-on from the sections already present in Unitary Transformations here, and that the level of the material is not too high. Therefore I was wondering what the thoughts are on including it as a topic on Unitary Transformations V here? Of course, it would need to be reformatted (again) to meet the conventions of Linear Algebra.

title: Talk:Linear Algebra


text:
Dr. Walter Pharr Craven House

Dr. Walter Pharr Craven House is a historic home located near Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. The house was built about 1888, and is a two-story, vernacular Victorian style frame dwelling. It is associated with a small farm that supported the family of a country doctor. Also on the property are the contributing frame well canopy (1929), family Catholic chapel (c. 1910), central passage barn (c. 1920), log corn crib (c. 1888), tool shed (c. 1920), and auto-garage (c. 1920).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

title: Dr. Walter Pharr Craven House


text:
Roland GS

Roland GS, or just GS, sometimes expanded as General Standard or General Sound, is a MIDI specification. It requires that all GS-compatible equipment must meet a certain set of features and it documents interpretations of some MIDI commands and bytes sequences, thus defining instrument tones, controllers for sound effects, etc.

In addition to the simpler General MIDI standard, GS defines 98 additional tone instruments, 15 more percussion instruments, 8 more drum kits, 3 effects (reverb/chorus/variation) and some other features.

The Roland SC-55 was the first synthesizer to support the GS standard.

History
The GS extensions were first introduced and implemented on Roland Sound Canvas series modules, starting with the Roland SC-55 in 1991. The first model supported 317 instruments, 16 simultaneous melodic voices, 8 percussion voices and a compatibility mode for Roland MT-32 (although it only emulated it and lacked programmability of original MT-32) and gained explosive popularity.

In addition to the Sound Canvas series, Roland also provided GS compatibility in its own professional lineup through the JV-30 keyboard and the VE-GS1 expansion board for other JV-series instruments. In addition, GS compatibility is provided in the GM2 specification which Roland helped to create and actively supports.

Some other manufacturers attempted to be compatible to Roland GS, but could not use the GS trademark or samples. In Yamaha XG synthesizers for example the GS implementation was called "TG300B mode". Dream S.A. used unlicensed samples of Roland GS instruments and was sued.

Banks
The program in every individual bank will align with the 128 in GM's instrument patch map. The Sound Canvas used additional pair of controllers, cc#0 and cc#32, to specify up to 16384 (128*128) 'variations' of each melodic sound defined by General MIDI. Typically, cc#32 (Bank Select LSB) was used to select a family (i.e. 1 - SC-55, 2 - SC-88 etc.) then cc#0 (Bank Select MSB) was used to set a particular variation bank.

Drum kits
MIDI channel 10 is used for drums by default like in General MIDI, but they are accessible on any channel through the use of SysEx. Only 2 different drum kits can be used at a time. There are ten different kits in total:

 * 1   Standard - the only kit used in GM standard
 * 9   Room - features lower-pitched snares and toms
 * 17  Power - features gated reverb and louder dynamics in comparison to other kits
 * 25  Electronic - emulation of 1980s-style electronic drums such as Simmons, with distinctive synthesized sounds
 * 26  TR-808 - Roland TR-808 emulation
 * 33  Jazz - features softer kick and snares, typical of jazz drumming
 * 41  Brush - emulation of brush drumming
 * 49  Orchestra - a collection of orchestral percussion, including timpanis, orchestral snares, gran cassa, and clash cymbals
 * 57  SFX - collection of sound effects, which also featured in the GS sound set itself
 * 128 CM-64/CM-32L - a kit conforming to Roland MT-32 format

Newer models of Roland Sound Canvas and other GS-compatible Roland synthesizers features additional kits not included in the base GS sound set; these include kits based on various Roland drum machines such as the TR-909, CR-78 and TR-707, as well as various percussion kits comprising both traditional and modern percussions.

Additional percussion notes
There were 16 additional drum notes that span Drum Kits 1 to 49:

 * 25 Snare Roll
 * 26 Finger Snap
 * 27 High Q
 * 28 Slap
 * 29 Scratch Push
 * 30 Scratch Pull
 * 31 Sticks
 * 32 Square Click
 * 33 Metronome Click
 * 34 Metronome Bell
 * 82 Shaker
 * 83 Jingle Bell
 * 84 Belltree
 * 85 Castanets
 * 86 Mute Surdo
 * 87 Open Surdo

Additional controller events
Additional controller events included in SC-55 and SC-88 were:

 * 0  Bank select MSB
 * 5  Portamento time
 * 32 Bank select LSB
 * 65 Portamento
 * 66 Sostenuto
 * 67 Soft Pedal
 * 84 Portamento Control
 * 91 Effect 1 (Reverb) Send Level
 * 93 Effect 3 (Chorus) Send Level
 * 94 Effect 4 (Delay) Send Level
 * 98 NRPN LSB
 * 99 NRPN MSB
 * 120 All Sounds Off
 * 121 Reset all controllers
 * 123 All notes off

SysEx messages
There were messages that allowed the user to turn the GS mode on/off, to set effects processor parameters, to change EG envelopes etc.

Supporting hardware
Beginning in 1991, Roland introduced GS support in the majority of its consumer MIDI products.

Tone generator modules

 * FG-10
 * FG-1000
 * M-GS64
 * RA-90
 * SC-50
 * SC-55
 * SC-55mkII
 * SC-33
 * SC-155
 * SC-55ST
 * SC-55ST-WH
 * SC-55K
 * CM-300
 * CM-500
 * SC-88
 * SC-88VL
 * SC-88ST
 * SC-88Pro
 * SC-88STPro
 * SC-880
 * SC-8850
 * SC-8820
 * SC-D70
 * SD-90
 * SD-80
 * SD-50
 * SD-35
 * SD-20
 * DS-330 (Boss)
 * Yamaha MU50 / MU80 (referred to as TG300B mode)
 * Yamaha MU1000EX
 * Yamaha MU2000EX
 * Dream SAM9703
 * Dream SAM9708

Synthesizers and electronic keyboards

 * E-15 / E-35 / E-36 / E-56 / E-70 / E-86
 * JV-30 / JV-35 / JV-50
 * JW-50
 * SK-50 / SK-50IV / SK-88 Pro
 * XP-10
 * Yamaha Clavinova CVP (since 2004, shared with GM2 sound set)
 * Yamaha PSR-S

Sequencers

 * SD-35
 * PMA-5
 * MC-80EX (VE-GS PRO expansion board; SC-55, SC-88, SC-88 PRO maps)

title: Roland GS


text:
Richard Martin Werner

Richard Martin Werner (21 January 1903 – 2 October 1949) was a German sculptor and medalist. His work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

Werner's last important work was the design of the reverse of the West-German 50 Pfennig coin. He never saw this popular coin in circulation, because of his early death in October 1949, just before this coin was issued for the first time by Bank deutscher Länder.

title: Richard Martin Werner


text:
Talk:Cecil Heywood

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title: Talk:Cecil Heywood


text:
User:CampWood/Student publication

A student publication is a media outlet such as a newspaper, magazine, television show, or radio station produced by students at an educational institution. These publications typically cover local and school related news, but they may also report on national or international news as well. Most student publications are either part of a curricular class or run as an extracurricular activity.

Student publications serve as both a platform for community discussion and a place for those interested in journalism to develop their skills. These publications report news, publish opinions of students and faculty, and may run advertisements catered to the student body. Besides these purposes, student publications also serve as a watchdog to uncover problems at the school. The majority of student publications are funded through their educational institution. Some funds may be generated through sales and advertisements, but the majority usually comes from the school itself. Because of this, educational institutions have specific way in which they can influence the publications through funding.

Online student publications
Due to the rise in adoption of Internet accessible devices such as computers and smartphones, many high schools and colleges have begun offering online editions of their publications in addition to printed copies. (The very first student newspaper in the United States to completely abandon its printed issues in favor of a website was The Campus Lantern at Eastern Connecticut State University, doing so in the 2000s; however paper issues of The Lantern have since been brought back.) Due to publishing content online student publications are now able to reach a much wider audience than before. With many student publications moving to online, content is more accessible to the student body and production of the content is easier and cheaper. As printed student publications become more and more scarce and student publications move online to best fit the news needs of today's students, student newspapers will run into several issues. One of these issues is the increase in demand for new content. While an update once a day or even once a week was once acceptable for a student publication, real time information resources will soon be demanded by students who grew up with constant updates of news coverage. This shift in content demand will require more effort and more time by the student newspaper staff.

One of these issues is what is called the "daily me." Coined by Cass Sunstein in his book Republic.com, the "daily me" is the current trend of online readers looking for personalized information providers. In this way the reader deals with only the subjects they wish to deal with. In this way readers are not inconvenienced by material they have no interest in and can personalize an information product themselves, providing added value to both themselves and the provider. However, some believe this trend may not be the best for society, who is now faced with a public that chooses how well to be informed. On a campus paper, this trend will likely manifest itself in the increased number of "hits" to the common "sports" and "opinion" sections of the paper, while hard news sections go un-noticed. This new type of print culture could possibly result in drastic formatting and content changes for student newspapers.

Australia
University student newspapers in the Australia are usually independent of university administration yet are connected with or run by the student representative organisation operating at the campus. Editors tend to be elected by the student body on a separate ticket to other student representatives and are paid an honorarium, although some student organisations have been known to employ unelected staff to coordinate the production of the newspaper (an example of this is the national Student View newspaper).

Controversy surrounding Australian student press
Australian student newspapers have courted controversy since their inception. One of the more notorious of these controversies involved the publication of an article which allegedly incited readers to shoplift. The July edition of the magazine was banned by the Office of Film and Literature Classication following a campaign by conservative talkback radio hosts and other media to have the material banned. The four editors of the July 1995 edition of La Trobe University student magazine Rabelais were subsequently charged with publishing, distributing and depositing an objectionable publication. An objectional publication was defined in this case, as one that incites criminal activity. The editors lodged an appeal, which led to a protracted four-year court case. The appeal was eventually defeated by the full bench of the Federal Court, who refused the editors application to appeal to the High Court of Australia. The charges were eventually dropped in March 1999.

Canada
Many student newspapers in Canada are independent from their universities and student unions. Such autonomous papers are funded by student fees won by referendums, as well as advertising, and are run by their staffs, with no faculty input.

About 55 of Canada's student newspapers belong to a co-operative and newswire service called the Canadian University Press, which holds conferences, has correspondents across the country, is run democratically by its member papers, and fosters a sense of community among Canadian student journalists.

The oldest continually published student newspapers in Canada are The Varsity (1880), The Queen's Journal (1873), and The Dalhousie Gazette (1868). The oldest student publication in Canada is The Brunswickan, which was founded in 1867 as a monthly but then switched to a weekly newspaper.

The only Canadian student newspaper that continues to print on a daily schedule is The Gazette at the University of Western Ontario.

Ireland
Student publications are produced at Ireland's universities and Institutes of Technology as well as to a lesser extent at Colleges of Further Education. These publications include The College Tribune and The University Observer at University College Dublin, Trinity News and The University Times at Trinity College Dublin, The College View based at Dublin City University and Sin Newspaper at NUI Galway. Other publications include The Edition (stylised as the eDITion), at Dublin Institute of Technology and the UCC Express and Motley Magazine at University College Cork.

Each publication reports on affairs at its host university as well as on local, national and international news of relevance to students and many student journalists have gone on to work in Ireland's national press. All student publications in Ireland are funded by or linked to their host university or its students' union, with the exception of UCD's College Tribune which operates independently. Irish student publications are invited each year to enter the national Student Media Awards, run by a Dublin-based marketing firm Oxygen.ie under various categories.

Korea
Almost every university in Korea runs a student based press. Although many of these press are funded by the school, the students press has a significant amount of say amongst the student body.

Philippines
The College Editorial Guild of the Philippines or (CEGP) is the oldest and broadest intercollegiate alliance of student publications in the Asia-Pacific. Since its foundation, the Guild has remained steadfast in its commitment to uphold freedom of expression, press freedom and students' democratic rights. This dedication is what continues to unite and consolidate CEGP's more than 750 member publications from different schools nationwide or worldwide. See also List of student newspapers

United Kingdom
Student newspapers in the UK are often given a constitutionally guaranteed editorial independence from the universities and student unions whose students they represent, although the majority are financially dependent on their Students' Union. The most successful (in terms of student media awards) include: Orbital Magazine (Royal Holloway, University of London),The Knowledge (University of Plymouth), Nouse (University of York), York Vision (University of York), Impact (University of Nottingham), The Epinal (Loughborough University), Felix (Imperial College), Cherwell, The Oxford Student (University of Oxford), The Badger (University of Sussex), gair rhydd (Cardiff University), The Beaver (London School of Economics), Glasgow University Guardian (Glasgow University), The Boar (University of Warwick), Leeds Student (University of Leeds), Student (University of Edinburgh), Forge Press (University of Sheffield), The Courier (University of Newcastle), The Saint (University of St Andrews), Varsity, The Cambridge Student, The Tab (University of Cambridge), Epigram (University of Bristol), The Ripple (newspaper) (University of Leicester), Exeposé (University of Exeter) Spark* (University of Reading), The Gaudie (University of Aberdeen)and LeNurb (Brunel University). Examples of British student newspapers that are financially as well as editorially independent from their respective student unions are Cherwell, Varsity, The Tab, The Saint, The Epinal, The Linc (University of Lincoln), Palatinate (Durham University), The Founder (Royal Holloway) Milk Magazine (Bath Spa University), The Gown (Queen's University, Belfast) and The Manchester Magazine (University of Manchester). Since they are not part of their Students' Union at all, their independence is given a stronger guarantee than other papers who rely on their unions for funding and consequently cover stories with that in mind.

In 2003, The National Student, the UK's first independent national student newspaper was launched. Scotcampus a similar publication based in Scotland was founded in 2001. In 2009, The Student Journals was founded as an independent online magazine for students, but started allowing international writers one year after launch.

United States
It is not uncommon for high schools and universities to have student newspapers.

In general, the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States strongly protects freedom of speech including student journalism; however, certain restrictions have developed, primarily through case law.

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
Tinker v. Des Moines concerns a group of students who wanted to wear black armbands to school in 1965 to protest United States involvement in Vietnam. After school officials heard about the planned silent protest, they suspended the students involved. A few of the students involved sued and the Supreme Court sided with the students, saying that provided that these speech acts did not distract themselves or others from academic work, the real purpose of the school, then students were free to wear and say want they liked in school. This is considered the benchmark case in issues of student free speech and contains the famous phrase "students do not shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate."

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, heard by the United States Supreme Court in 1987 concerned a public school newspaper that attempted to print two controversial stories about issues of teen pregnancy and divorced families. It was the custom of the principal to look over the proposed paper before publication. With little time left before the publication deadline, the principal decided that the two stories, though names had been changed to protect the stories' subjects, were inappropriate for the paper's younger readers; under direction of the principal, the paper was printed without the offending stories. The students filed suit, but the Supreme Court stood by the principal's ruling, that, because of time constraints, the only proper course of action was to not print the stories. It was decided that the students' First Amendment rights had not been infringed. This case is often cited by high schools and universities to support the custom of prior review.

Interaction of court rulings
Hazelwood and Tinker offer conflicting versions of student free expression. Student-directed publications may indeed be considered open or limited public forums for student expression, offering students freedom of expression under both Hazelwood and Tinker.

Hazelwood, for example, does not say administrators must review or censor their papers before publication. In fact, journalism education organizations, like the Journalism Education Association, argue that prior review has no legitimate educational merit and is only a tool leading to censorship.

Under certain limited conditions and situations presented by Hazelwood, school administrators may be permitted prior review of (mostly high school) student publications.

Until June 2005, the Hazelwood standard was not considered to apply to public college and university newspapers, a decision most recently affirmed in the 2001 appeals court decision in Kincaid v. Gibson. However, in June 2005, the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled, in Hosty v. Carter, that the Hazelwood standard could apply to student publications that were not "designated public forums," and in February 2006 the Supreme Court declined to hear the students' appeal. At this time, the Hosty decision applies only in the states of Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin.

In response to the Kincaid decision, the California State Legislature passed AB 2581, which extended existing state-level statutory protection of high school student journalists to college and university students. The bill was signed into law by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and took effect on January 1, 2007.

Controversy over alleged censorship actions has led some student newspapers to become independent organizations, such as The Exponent of Purdue University in 1969, The Daily Californian of the University of California, Berkeley in 1971, The Daily Orange of Syracuse University in 1971, The Independent Florida Alligator of the University of Florida in 1973, The Cavalier Daily of the University of Virginia in 1979, The Paisano of the University of Texas at San Antonio in 1981, and most recently The Mountaineer Jeffersonian of West Virginia University in 2008.

Some states have laws which enhance the U.S. Constitution in protecting student expression documented by the Student Press Law Center.

John Silber and university newspapers
University administrations have learned to get around constitutional protections and effectively diminish critical student newspapers by following the example of former Boston University President John Silber, who on the advice of Harvard Law School Professor Alan Dershowitz, eliminated all funding for student newspapers in the 1970s in an attempt to suppress on-campus criticism. Silber's policy went so far as to ban student organizations funded by the university from placing advertisements in the student press. With his hands-off policy, Silber was able to eliminate the independence of The Daily News and financially crippled the more-radical b.u. exposure. The exposure sued Silber and the university for infringement of their First Amendment rights, but the courts of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts eventually dismissed their case.

Issues of diversity in student newspapers
Studies by the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (JBHE) focusing on African American students have found that as few as 2.6% of editors of all student newspapers are of African-American descent, with other minorities showing similar trending. These numbers are not much higher at schools with credited journalism schools. In these institutions, only 4.4% of editors are of African American descent. Both of these percentages are significantly below the percentage of population African- Americans make up in the total United States. Such skewed demographics in these publications could result in newspapers that only reflect the outlooks and values of a particular segment of the student population. The JBHE does not suggest any type of affirmative action program for student publications at this point in time.

title: User:CampWood/Student publication


text:
Talk:Streamline (character)

Assessment of quality
Following a request on WikiProject_Comics/Assessment for a reassessment of quality, I have done so and raised it to C-quality as requested.

 * Start: "An article that is developing but still quite incomplete. It may or may not cite adequate reliable sources."
 * C: "The article is substantial but is still missing important content or contains much irrelevant material. The article should have some references to reliable sources, but may still have significant problems or require substantial cleanup."

The article covers all the core information, has sources, and is well written. I agree this has exceeded start class. HenryCrun15 (talk) 22:07, 1 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Streamline (character)


text:
User:R.D.TAMILARASAN

R.D.TAMILARASAN

CREATION TIME : AUG,19 2020 - 8.18

XTH LEAVE TIME

R.D.TAMILARASAN WON FIRST PRIZE IN DISTRICT LEVEL SCIENCE EXHIBITION WHICH IS CONDUCTED BY GOVT. OF TN AND WITH HIS CLASS MATE S.THILLAIARASAN THEN BOTH OF THEM AWARDED WITH A CERTIFICATE AND A DICTIONARY THE DICTIONARY STILL IN ST.MICHAEL'S MATRIC. HR. SEC. SCHOOL

title: User:R.D.TAMILARASAN


text:
Hans Ruwoldt

Hans Ruwoldt (15 February 1891 – 16 October 1969) was a German sculptor. His work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

title: Hans Ruwoldt


text:
Persian/Lesson 6

In this lesson, you will learn how to build noun phrases with and with demonstrative adjectives.

Dialogue:
... and... are talking....

Explanation
 * Shahidi and Enver

Vocabulary

Ezâfe
An important part of Persian grammar is the handy little linking element called. It is used to extend a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase by adding an unstressed particle similar English “of”, followed by other words like adjectives, nouns, pronouns, and full phrases.

After a consonant, the ezâfe particle is pronounced as an unstressed ‹e› in standard Persian and is not usually written. On the right, is extended by the ezâfe particle and the noun, making the Persian phrase. ends in a consonant, so the ezâfe particle is pronounced ‹e› and is not written.

After a vowel, the ezâfe particle is pronounced as unstressed ‹ye› and may be written as ی or, after a silent ه, it may be written as a miniature superscript ی that looks like a hamze diacritic, i.e. as هٔ. Usually, though, it is only written after a vowel when extra clarity is wanted; otherwise it is often left unwritten.

When ezâfe extends one noun by adding another, it often indicates that the first noun's referent belongs to the second one's, as shown on the right in the Persian phrase. In older texts, ezâfe after ی is often represented by a small superscripted ی that resembles hamze ( ء ), so you may see words like, but today,  (and thus  ) is more common.

Colloquially, short forms are used even after vowels.

Adding a noun with ezâfe is not only used for ownership. It may indicate a family relationship:

It may indicate composition or purpose:

It may also used for apposition:

Ezâfe is also used to add an adjective, as in the phrase, shown on the right. The particle in such constructions is not usually translated into English as a separate word, but it may be thought of as “that is”.

Ezâfe is also used with certain nouns that have preposition-like meaning. In the example on the right and the one below, the nouns and  are used like prepositions with the help of ezâfe:

Ezâfe is also used to add prepositional phrases, e.g. :

A noun phrase created with ezâfe may be extended with ezâfe again, as shown on the right.

Demonstrative Adjectives
As the dialogues in the previous lessons have shown, Persian does not have a word that corresponds to the English definite article “the”. To say, “the book”, for example, the noun is normally used alone. Persian does, however, have the demonstrative adjectives and. These two words, unlike typical adjectives, are used before the noun with no intervening particle, as shown in the examples on the right.

Demonstrative contractions:
 * , colloquially pronounced ‹unjâ›
 * , colloquially pronounced ‹cenin›
 * , colloquially pronounced ‹cenun›
 * , colloquially ‹hamun›
 * , colloquially ‹hamun›
 * , colloquially ‹hamun›

Demonstrative pronouns:
 * or just "those", special case where ها is always joined
 * , second special case where ها ‹hâ› is always joined

Exercises

 * 1. Translate the following sentences into English:

If your name ends in a consonant, use this:
 * Daneshju-ye irani: “The Iranian student”
 * man-e bicâra (poor me) [Not really a qualifying adjective here]
 * Create Persian sentences with this formula:
 * Introduce yourself by your first name by replacing “[...]” in one of the sentences below with your first name.
 * Introduce yourself by your first name by replacing “[...]” in one of the sentences below with your first name.
 * Introduce yourself by your first name by replacing “[...]” in one of the sentences below with your first name.
 * Introduce yourself by your first name by replacing “[...]” in one of the sentences below with your first name.

If your name ends in a vowel, use this (note, the final ‹e› above becomes ‹s›):

Introduce yourself by your full name using the same formula.
 * Translate the following sentences into Persian:
 * Translate the following sentences into Persian:

 * 2. Using the vocabulary below make 5 simple sentences using ezâfe:
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

 * Translate the following phrases into Persian.

title: Persian/Lesson 6


text:
Maysky, Romanovsky District, Altai Krai

Maysky (Майский) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Maysky Selsoviet, Romanovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 446 as of 2013. There are 5 streets.

Geography
Maysky is located 21 km north of Romanovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pamyat Kommunarov is the nearest rural locality.

title: Maysky, Romanovsky District, Altai Krai