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General Chemistry/Filling Electron Shells

Filling Electron Shells
When an atom or ion receives electrons into its orbitals, the orbitals and shells fill up in a particular manner.

Aufbau principle
You may consider an atom as being "built up" from a naked nucleus by gradually adding to it one electron after another, until all the electrons it will hold have been added. Much as one fills up a container with liquid from the bottom up, the orbitals of an atom are filled from the lowest energy orbitals to the highest energy orbitals.

Orbitals with the lowest principal quantum number ($$n$$) have the lowest energy and will fill up first, in smaller atoms. Larger atoms with more subshells will seem to fill "out of order", as the other factors influencing orbital energy become important. Within a shell, there may be several orbitals with the same principal quantum number. In that case, more specific rules must be applied. For example, the three p orbitals of a given shell all occur at the same energy level. So, how are they filled up? Answer: all the three p orbitals have same energy so while filling the p orbitals we can fill any one of the Px, Py or Pz first. It is a convention that we chose to fill Px first, then Py and then Pz for our simplicity. Hence you can opt for filling these three orbitals from right to left also. Aufbau principle state that “atomic orbitals are filled with electrons in order of increasing energy level”.

Hund's Rule
According to Hund's rule, orbitals of the same energy are each filled with one electron before filling any with a second. Also, these first electrons have the same spin.

This rule is sometimes called the "bus seating rule". As people load onto a bus, each person takes his or her own seat, sitting alone. Only after all the seats have been filled will people start doubling up.

Pauli Exclusion principle
No two electrons can have all four quantum numbers the same. What this translates to in terms of our picture of orbitals is that each orbital can only hold two electrons, one "spin up" (+½) and one "spin down" (-½).

Orbital Order
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, 8s.

Although this looks confusing, there is an easy way to remember. Go in order of the lines from top to bottom, top right end to bottom left of each line.

Understanding the above rules and diagrams will allow you to determine the electron configuration of almost any atom or ion.

How to Write the Electron Configuration of an Isolated Atom
Electron-configuration notation is relatively straightforward. An isolated Calcium atom 20Ca, for example, would have configuration of 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 in its ground state. Other configurations like 1s22s22p63s23p64s14p1 are possible, but these excited states have a higher energy. They are not stable and generally only exist for a brief moment.

The ground state configuration for Ca could be abbreviated by using the preceding noble gas (the elements found all the way on the right of the periodic table) as [Ar]4s2, where Ar is argon.

Noble gases have very stable configurations, and are extremely reluctant to lose or gain electrons. Noble gas atoms are also the only ones regularly found as isolated atoms in the ground state. Atoms of other elements all undergo bonding under the conditions that we live under and this affects the orbitals that the outermost electrons are in. In that sense the electron configurations for the other elements are somewhat hypothetical: to encounter an isolated atom of, say, tungsten (W), we would have to first vaporize a metal that boils at 5800K. However, knowing atomic configurations is useful because it does help us to understand how and why they bond, i.e. why and how they change the configuration of their outer valence electrons.

Rule of Stability
A subshell is particularly stable if it is half full or full. Given two configurations, the atom would "choose" the more stable one.

Example: In the following configuration, Cu: [Ar]4s23d9, copper's d shell is just one away from stability, and therefore, one electron from the s shell jumps into the d shell: [Ar]4s13d10. This way, the d shell is full, and is therefore stable, and the s shell is half full, and is also stable.

Another example: Chromium has a configuration of [Ar]4s13d5, although you would expect to see four d electrons instead of five. This is because an s electron has jumped into the d orbital, giving the atom two half-full shells—much more stable than a d orbital with only four electrons.

The stability rule applies to atoms in the same group as chromium and copper.

If one of these atoms has been ionized, that is, it loses an electron, it will come from the s orbital rather than the d orbital. For instance, the configuration of Cu+ is [Ar]4s03d10. If more electrons are removed, they will come from the d orbital.

Magnetism

Magnetism is a well-known effect. Chances are, you have magnets on your refrigerator. As you already know, only certain elements are magnetic. Electron configurations help to explain why.

Diamagnetism is actually a very weak repulsion to magnetic fields. All elements have diamagnetism to some degree. It occurs when there are paired electrons.

Paramagnetism is an attraction to external magnetic fields. It is also very weak. It occurs whenever there is an unpaired electron in an orbital.

Both diamagnetism and paramagnetism are responses of spins acting independently from each other. This leads to rather weak repulsion and attraction respectively. However, when they are located in a solid they may also interact with each other and respond collectively and that can lead to rather different properties:

Ferromagnetism is the permanent magnetism that we encounter in our daily lives. It occurs when all the unpaired spins in a solid couple and tend to align themselves in the same direction, leading to a strong attraction when exposed to a magnetic field. This only occurs at room temperature with three elements: iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co). Gadolinium (Gd) is a borderline case. It loses its ferromagnetism at 20oC; above that temperature the spins start to act alone. However, there are many alloys and compounds that exhibit strong ferromagnetic coupling. The strongest one is Nd2Fe14B

Antiferromagnetism is also a permanent magnetism in which unpaired spins align, but they do so in opposite directions. The result that the material does not react very strongly to a magnetic field at all. Chromium (Cr) is an example.

'Ferrimagnetism is a combination of ferro- and antiferromagetism. Unpaired spins align partly in opposite directions, but the compensation is not complete. This is why the material is still attracted strongly to a magnetic field. Magnetite Fe3O4 is such a substance. It was the first material studied for its magnetic properties and may, well, be the one sitting on your fridge.


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Robotics/Types of Robots/Arms

Arms are types of jointed robot manipulator that allow robots to interact with their environment. Many have onboard controllers or translators to simplify communication, though they may be controlled directly or in any number of ways. Due to this fact, standalone arms are often classified as full robots.

Types of Robotic Arms There are many different types of robotic arms, but most can be characterized into one of six major categories by their mechanical structure. Cartesian (also known as Gantry) robots have three joints that are coincident with the standard X-Y-Z Cartesian axes. Cylindrical arms have any number of joints that operate on a cylindrical axis, normally rotating about one fixed rod. Spherical (polar) arms are those with joints that allow it full rotation throughout a spherical range. SCARA robots have two parallel rotary joints to allow full movement throughout a plane, typically for pick-and-place work. Articulated robots are used for complex assembly operations, and consist of three or more rotary joints. Parallel robots have three concurrent prismatic or rotary joints, and allow for tilting of heavy or sensitive platforms.

Applications Robotic arms are typically used in industry. Repetitive autonomous robots perform one task repeatedly based upon predetermined movements and specifically located objects. Start and stop commands are determined by position, acceleration, deceleration, distance, and direction. More complex actions are executed based upon sensor processing. If object orientation or position is unknown, arms are often paired with machine vision and artificial intelligence to identify the object and subsequently control the arm.

Parameters Arms are typically defined by fourteen different parameters.

Number of Axes – Two axes are needed to reach any point in a plane. Three are required to reach a point in space. Roll, pitch, and yaw control are required for full control of the end manipulator. Degrees of Freedom – Number of points a robot can be directionally controlled around. A human arm has seven degrees; articulated arms typically have up to 6. Working Envelope – Region of space a robot can encompass. Working Space – The region in space a robot can fully interact with. Kinematics – Arrangement and types of joints (Cartesian, Cylindrical, Spherical, SCARA, Articulated, Parallel) Payload – Amount that can be lifted and carried Speed – May be defined by individual or total angular or linear movement speed Acceleration – Limits maximum speed over short distances. Acceleration is given in terms of each degree of freedom or by axis. Accuracy – Given as a best case with modifiers based upon movement speed and position from optimal within the envelope. Repeatability – More closely related to precision than accuracy. Robots with a low repeatability factor and high accuracy often need only to be recalibrated. Motion Control – For certain applications, arms may only need to move to certain points in the working space. They may also need to interact with all possible points. Power Source – Electric motors or hydraulics are typically used, though new methods are emerging and being tested.
 Drive – Motors may be hooked directly to segments for direct drive. They may also be attached via gears or in a harmonic drive system
 Compliance – Measure of the distance or angle a robot joint will move under a force.

End Effectors The arm itself is only responsible for positioning. An end effector is necessary for actual environmental interaction. Some common choices are grippers, sprayers, grinders, welders, and vacuums, though many other options are available. There is a large variance in complexity, ranging from flush mounted, non-moving parts (magnets or sticky pads) to multi-jointed, multi-sensor parts with various inputs and outputs. End effectors are typically chosen based upon the application, and many arms will fit multiple end effectors.

Distribution A 2006 Japanese report shows that 60% of robotic arm installations were for articulated robots, 22% were for gantry, 13% were SCARA, and 4% were Cylindrical. The automobile industry has the highest concentration of industrial robots with nearly 1 robot per 10 people.

Biological Modeling Biological design of robotic components is becoming increasingly popular. Currently, the Shadow Company (famous for the Shadow Hand) is working on a biomorphic arm that accurately models a human arm. The arm has seven degrees of freedom like the human arm which greatly increases its efficiency.

Researchers at Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA in Stuttgart have begun working on an arm that is modeled after an elephant’s trunk. The arm uses a cord that is connected to a drive shaft at its midpoint. When the shaft turns, the cord wraps around it both ways forming a double helix. Their prototype arm uses ten of these cord systems with two motors attached to each (the second acts as a failsafe for increased safety).

Similarly, biologists at Hebrew University in Jerusalem are studying Octopi tentacles as a possible model for future robotic arm development. An prototype has not yet been built, but arm design has recently begun.

Additionally, two monkeys learned to control robotic arms through sensors implanted on their brains in a study performed the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University. While not currently practical, the study confirms that brain-controlled prosthetics are feasible and has sparked interest in the area.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Robotics/Types of Robots/Arms


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ланита

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬. Non-Slavic cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  cheek

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) cheek

Etymology
, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬. Non-Slavic cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  cheek

title: ланита


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Introduction to Paleoanthropology/UpperPaleolithic

Aurignacian
The Aurignacian indicates a tool industry from the Upper Paleolithic in Europe. A tool industry contains standardized tools and production techniques that indicate a shared cultural knowledge. The Aurignacian industry contains blades (long, thin stone flakes), burins (stone chisels for working bone and wood), bone points, as well as the beginning of prehistoric art.

First Discovered
The name is associated with the Aurignac Rockshelter in the Pyrenees in Southwestern France.

Chronology

 * ca. 35,000-27,000 BC

Geography

 * Widespread distribution over Eurasia
 * Siberia (Sungir)

Hominid

 * Modern humans (Homo sapiens)

Material Culture
The tools of the Aurignacian are quite standardized which shows planning and foresight in their creation. In addition, the inclusion of tools to work bone and wood show a wider variety of raw materials being used in tool production.
 * Upper Paleolithic-type lithic industry
 * Aurignacian blades, burins, endscrapers, etc.
 * Bone Tools

Mortuary practices
The Aurignacian period includes definitive elaborate burials with grave goods. Burials can indicate the social status of the deceased as well as the beginning of religious concept associated with life and death. Grace goods provide archaeologists important social and cultural information.

Symbolic Expression
Proliferation of various forms of personal ornaments:
 * perforated animal-teeth;
 * distinctive "bead" forms carved out of bone and mammoth ivory;
 * earliest perforated marine shells

Artistic Expression
Types of evidence:
 * Engraved limestone blocks
 * Animal and human figurines
 * Parietal art

Engraved block characteristics:
 * Stiffness of outlines;
 * Deep incisions;
 * Work executed mainly on limestone slabs or blocks;
 * Sexual symbols realistically represented;
 * Animals (usually heads, forequarters and dorsal lines) extremely crudely rendered;
 * This type of artistic expression limited to southwest France (mainly Dordogne).

Figurine characteristics:
 * Earliest evidence of artwork in the Upper Paleolithic: Geissenklösterle - 37,000-33,000 BC
 * Present in Central Europe, presently Germany
 * Sophisticated and naturalistic statuettes of animal (mammoth, feline, bear, bison) and even human figures
 * Carved from mammoth ivory

First Discovered

 * La Gravette (Dordogne, France)

Chronology

 * ca. 27,000-21,000 BC

Geography

 * Widespread distribution over Eurasia

Major cultural centers

 * Southwest France
 * Northern Italy (Grimaldi)
 * Central Europe (Dolni Vestonice, Pavlov)

Architecture

 * Mammoth huts

Material Culture

 * Upper Paleolithic-type lithic industry
 * Gravette Points, etc.

Other Economic Activities

 * Pyrotechnology
 * Basketry

Complex mortuary practices

 * Dolni Vestonice triple burial

Artistic Expression
Types:
 * Animal figurines
 * Female figurines ("Venuses")
 * Parietal art

Animal figuring characteristics: Animals most frequently depicted are dangerous species (felines and bears), continuing Aurignacian tradition By contrast, Magdalenian animal statuettes from the same region show very different patterns (N=139): Dangerous animals represent only 10% of total
 * In Moravia, 67 animal statuettes recorded:
 * 21 bears
 * 11 small carnivores
 * 9 felines
 * 8 mammoths
 * 6 birds
 * 6 horses
 * 4 rhinoceroses
 * 1 caprid
 * 1 cervid
 * 56 horses, 44 bisons
 * 9 bears,
 * 2 felines,
 * 1 mammoth
 * 2 birds
 * 1 caprid, 1 cervid
 * 5 miscellaneous, 18 indeterminates
 * No rhinoceros

Female figurine characteristics: Widespread distribution over Europe and Russia; except Spain where no evidence of Venuses
 * Raw materials:
 * ivory
 * clay
 * Various types of research performed by anthropologists:
 * technological
 * stylistic
 * details of clothing, ornaments
 * chronological/geographical
 * interpretational
 * Most of baked clay figurines found fragmented
 * Lack of skill or deliberate action? Intentional fracturation through heating process
 * Fragmented figurines were intended products Involved and by-products of ritual ceremonies rather than art objects

Parietal art characteristics: From 21 sites, a list of 47 animals identified:
 * 9 ibexes
 * 9 cervids
 * 7 horses
 * 4 mammoths
 * 3 bovids
 * 1 megaceros
 * 1 salmon
 * 10 indeterminates

Dangerous animals (rhinoceros, bear, lion) depicted during the Gravettian do not constitute more than 11% of determinable animals:
 * 3 times less than in Aurignacian period);
 * yet still higher frequency than during Solutrean and Magdalenian

Strong preponderance of hunted animals, with horse very widely dominant
 * Example: Gargas with a list of 148 animals identified:
 * 36.5% bovids (bison and aurochs)
 * 29% horses
 * 10% ibexes
 * 6% cervids
 * 4% mammoths
 * 8% indeterminates
 * (2 birds, 1 wild boar)
 * No feline, rhinoceros, bear

First Discovered

 * Solutré (NE France)

Chronology

 * ca. 21,000-18,000 BC

Geography

 * Limited distribution over SW France and Iberia

Material Culture

 * Upper Paleolithic-type lithic industry
 * Heat Treatment, Pressure Retouch
 * Solutrean points: bifacially retouched leaf points, shouldered points, etc.
 * burins, endscrapers, etc.

Settlements

 * Some sedentary groups (Fourneau-du-Diable)
 * Long stratigraphic sequences

Human remains

 * Complex mortuary practices:
 * No evidence of burials, but manipulation of dead (e.g., reuse of skull: Le Placard)

Artistic expression
Types:
 * Engraved limestone blocks
 * Engraved Bones
 * Parietal art

Characteristics:
 * Various techniques applied: painting, engraving
 * Distribution and amount of animals represented in tradition of Late Upper Paleolithic: mainly horses and bisons
 * Several novelties from Gravettian:
 * First association of parietal art with occupation sites [Low-relief scupture on blocks detached from walls];
 * Representation of animals in line or opposed

First Discovered

 * La Madeleine (Dordogne, France)

Chronology

 * ca. 19,000-10,000 BC

Geography

 * Widespread distribution over Eurasia

Major cultural centers

 * Southwest France (Charente, Dordogne, Pyrénées)
 * Northeast Spain
 * Central Europe

Material Culture

 * Upper Paleolithic-type lithic industry
 * Magdalenian blades, burins, etc.
 * Rich bone tool industry (harpoons)

Complex mortuary practices

 * Children burials

Artistic expression
Types:
 * Raw Materials: Great diversity (limestone cave walls and slabs, sandstone, shale, bone, ivory, clay, etc.)
 * Techniques: All techniques employed: Engraving, Sculpture, Molding, Cutting, Drawing, Painting
 * Both mobiliary and parietal arts present. Out of about 300 sites with parietal art, 250 are attributed to Magdalenian period.
 * Types of Figurations:
 * Animals (mainly horses and bisons)
 * Humans (male and female)
 * Hands (positive and negative)
 * Signs (dots, lines)


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User:BSitzmann (WMF)/MCS/Test/Sections2

lead

First h2
Some content for the first heading.

Second h2
Some content for the second heading.

Third h2
Some content for the third heading.

title: User:BSitzmann (WMF)/MCS/Test/Sections2


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Template:)

The result of the debate was: listed on WP:TFD instead. — sjorford (talk)  09:35, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Template:)
The senselessts template in the world. Olliminatore 23:05, 19 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment This should be at WP:TFD.  WC  Quidditch  ☎   ✎  23:18, 19 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment FWIW, even as TfD is the proper place at which to suggest the template for deletion, I don't think it should be listed there; it appears that it was created by User:Urhixidur to aid the formulation of multi-column tables. Given Urhixidur's involvement in the creation of many important templates, one concludes that this template must also serve an important purpose.  Joe 23:29, 19 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep (no deferral) per Joe. Useful.  WC  Quidditch   ☎   ✎  23:41, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Comment Ok, I moved to WP:TFD (I don't found that). I see still no sense. --Olliminatore 08:29, 20 March 2006 (UTC)


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Handball at the 1965 All-Africa Games

The Handball events at the 1965 All-Africa Games were held in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo between 16 and 24 July 1965. The competition included only men's event.

Group stage
All times are local (UTC+1).

title: Handball at the 1965 All-Africa Games


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Top-rated United States television programs of 2003–04

This table displays the top-rated primetime television series of the 2003–04 season as measured by Nielsen Media Research.


text:
non-sens

Noun

 * 1) a situation or statement that is completely absurd or illogical
 * 2) a statement that is semantically, etymologically, or logically improper or contradictory
 * 3)  nonsense, a type of damaged DNA sequence

title: non-sens


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Jokahri, Bhojpur

Jokahri is a village in Barhara block of Bhojpur district in Bihar, India. As of 2011, its population was 1,362, in 260 households.

Notable people

 * Pawan Singh, Popular bhojpuri actor & singer.

title: Jokahri, Bhojpur


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Talk:Okobie road tanker explosion

Page title
I've moved the page because "tank truck" is not even remotely a recognised term in Nigeria. Example Google hits for .ng domains:
 * "Tank truck" = 23
 * "Tanker" (-ship) = 11,200

As can be seen, the leading returns are actual local reports of this particular incident. Nick Cooper (talk) 07:30, 14 July 2012 (UTC)

Okada = operators or motorcycles
Our article Okada (commercial motorcycle) says Okada are motorcycles. But the source cited does make it sound like they're the drivers. I suspect that source is a bad edit on the newspaper's part, but I'm not sure. Wnt (talk) 12:31, 14 July 2012 (UTC)

"Stealing" or "looting" not appropriate
I removed the term "steal" that someone had added, and I see now that someone has added "loot" and I think that needs reverting also. The source #4 doesn't say either of these things. I think that even here in the U.S., if you see fuel spilling out and soaking into the ground, and you can put a plastic container under the flow and take it for your own, that's not really either of these things, but rather, a salvage of genuinely abandoned/lost property that incidentally helps the local environment, though of course, at unacceptable personal risk. Judging by how quickly such groups of people form in Africa, apparently they don't see it as a crime either. Wikipedia has a WP:BLP policy that asks us to be conservative in how we approach coverage of living or recently deceased persons, and butting into a society we don't know intimately to add biased and judgmental language that the source doesn't use ... that doesn't make the cut in my opinion. And I believe in WP:BLP less than just about anybody here I know! Wnt (talk) 20:03, 17 July 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Okobie road tanker explosion


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Romanovo, Pankrushikhinsky District, Altai Krai

Romanovo (Романово) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Romanovsky Selsoviet, Pankrushikhinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 456 as of 2013. There are 10 streets.

Geography
Romanovo is located 27 km northeast of Pankrushikha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kyzyltu is the nearest rural locality.


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NGC 4429

NGC 4429 is a lenticular galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. NGC 4429 is tilted at an inclination of about 75° which means that the galaxy is tilted almost edge-on as seen from Earth. NGC 4429 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784. The galaxy is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

Physical characteristics
NGC 4429 has a small dust disk. There is also possibly a cold circumnuclear stellar disk. The cold circumnuclear stellar disk may have formed due to the infall of gas to center caused by a merger. However, since NGC 4429 does not show any signs of a recent gravitational disturbance, the merger must have happened a long time ago in the past.

The dust disk and the cold circumnuclear stellar disk are embedded in a bright, hexagonal shaped bulge that resembles that of NGC 7020. The zone has bright arcs near its major axis but no "spots" or extensions as in NGC 7020. The zone is also somewhat ring-like.

Interstellar medium
NGC 4429 may lose a significant fraction of its gas due to ram pressure stripping.

Metallicity
The central regions of NGC 4429 are overabundant in the element magnesium.

title: NGC 4429


text:
Talk:Wireless systems

Goals?
What are the goals of this page? --HappyCamper 21:22, 29 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Most likly to coordinate lessons that involve wireless systems. Which we seemingly don't have yet.--Rayc 21:24, 29 March 2007 (UTC)
 * OK. So, more or less "jump in and help out as you see fit" at this point? --HappyCamper 00:13, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wireless systems


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Film editing/Analyzing film dailies

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 99%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="background-color: #ffffaa; border: 1px solid #777777; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" colspan="2" |[[Image:The_Assignment_Screen_Shot.png|64px]] Analyzing and editing "24 Unedited Scenes"
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: Lavender; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="3" |
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: Lavender; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="3" |

This disk is huge

 * This disk contains a lot of material. It will take you a while to study and analyze it all.

 * Have fun!

"24 Unedited Scenes"

 * The Purpose
 * The purpose of the disk is to show beginning film students the complete range of scenes that they must edit if they become film editors in Hollywood. This disk will introduce you to all the aspects of narrative filmmaking in Hollywood... far beyond basic cut and paste.

 * An amazing number of scenes
 * This is a DVD-Video disk containing film dailies for 24 scenes. This is amazing number of scenes.

 * The only way that this is possible is to use half size movie clips. You can edit these scenes using any editing program which can edit 320 by 240 QuickTime movies at 24 fps.

 * A full range of scenes
 * A few of the scenes on this disk are simple. But for the most part, even the simple looking scenes are actually extremely complex.  This disk will open your eyes to what it takes to turn raw footage into a story on the big screen.

 * By the time you are finished with this disk (about two years later), you will know if you really want to become a film editor in Hollywood.

 * Other formats
 * If your editing program cannot edit movies at this frame rate or at this size, simply convert them to whatever format your editing program prefers. You can do this with Movie Player which comes with QuickTime Pro or you can do it with other programs which can cover video from one format to another.

 * Analyze the dailies
 * As you look at each scene, you will begin to understand how motion pictures and television dramas are filmed in Hollywood. Look at the instructions for each of the scenes for more details.

 * style="width: 40%; background-color: BlanchedAlmond; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Overview vs. dailies
On the disk called "24 Unedited Scenes", there are two folders. Inside both folders are dailies but one is overview movies of the dailies and the other is the actual dailies.
 * Two different folders

 * Don't get the two confused.

 * Watch the overview movies when you want to decide how to edit the scene.

 * Use the film dailies for editing the scene.

Never edit the overview movies. You will not be able to create "L-Cuts" from the overview movies.
 * style="width: 50%; background-color: #ffa; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;"|
 * style="width: 50%; background-color: #ffa; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;"|

A message to budding directors
Hopefully, the first thing that you notice is the actors have memorized their lines and know their movement before the cameras begin to roll.
 * Instructions for your actors

When you shoot your own movies, compare your raw footage with the footage from Hollywood. With your movies, are the actors still memorizing their lines when you begin to film. This is WRONG, WRONG, WRONG!

The goal is to get a natural performance from the actors. Therefore, most amateur film directors encourage their actors to improvise. This is WRONG, WRONG, WRONG. Actors cannot relax until they have memorized their lines and can say the lines without thinking. If the actor is still trying to remember all of his lines, he can never feel comfortable.
 * Why should actors memorize their lines?

 * style="width: 50%; background-color: #ffffee; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;"|
 * style="width: 50%; background-color: #ffffee; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;"|

Loan only
Ops! Currently, this DVD-Data disk is no longer for sale. The company which sold this disk no longer sells to the public.
 * "24 Unedited Scenes"

I still have a few copies. Therefore, once you have completed the lesson with "Follow Dave" Editing Workshop CD, I will loan you this disk if you promise to return it in one month.

As far as I know, this disk is currently the only one available in the world which has a reasonably good selection of unedited scenes for you to edit with Final Cut Pro or Adobe Premiere. (You might try Avid Free but some people have had trouble loading this program.)

Until there are scenes available from another vendor, I will loan you this disks... but only after you have completed the previous lessons.
 * }

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 * The next page is a trivia quiz.
 * Trivia quiz from "24 Unedited Scenes" Editing Workshop CD [[Image:Crystal Clear action forward.png|24px]]

 * }

title: Film editing/Analyzing film dailies


text:
Cookbook talk:Butter

The page Cookbook:Butter already exists. Moreover, the appropriate section for general questions is the Study help desk. Your question has been answered there.

--Eibwen 21:01, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)

---

The text of this module, or a version in the page history, was taken from the Wikipedia article Butter. The authors of that page at the time the text was copied are listed below:

 * (cur) (last) . . 20:02, 26 Feb 2004 . . <IP_ADDRESS> (Cultured versus sweet butter. Xrefs.)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 00:33, 19 Feb 2004 . . Fuzheado (Reverted edits by <IP_ADDRESS> to last version by Angela)
 * (cur) (last) . . 00:32, 19 Feb 2004 . . <IP_ADDRESS> (Helping the things.)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 12:04, 19 Dec 2003 . . Angela
 * (cur) (last) . . M 03:36, 1 Dec 2003 . . Tarquin (fr)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 09:16, 12 Nov 2003 . . Infrogmation
 * (cur) (last) . . M 09:10, 12 Nov 2003 . . Infrogmation
 * (cur) (last) . . 09:07, 12 Nov 2003 . . Infrogmation (traditional butter making photo and explanation)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 06:01, 28 Oct 2003 . . Carbuncle (+ja:)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 16:40, 11 Oct 2003 . . Angela (http://wiktionary.org/wiki/Churn)
 * (cur) (last) . . 13:58, 29 Jul 2003 . . Den fjättrade ankan
 * (cur) (last) . . 17:21, 21 May 2003 . . AxelBoldt (fat content; butter milk)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 17:17, 21 May 2003 . . AxelBoldt (links)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 07:59, 20 Apr 2003 . . Youandme (+pl:)
 * (cur) (last) . . 05:39, 18 Apr 2003 . . Montrealais
 * (cur) (last) . . M 03:02, 9 Nov 2002 . . Maveric149 (de:w:Butter)
 * (cur) (last) . . 20:43, 1 Nov 2002 . . <IP_ADDRESS>
 * (cur) (last) . . M 05:48, 8 Oct 2002 . . Andre Engels (nl:)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 02:17, 28 Mar 2002 . . -- April (format)
 * (cur) (last) . . 01:49, 28 Mar 2002 . . -- April (Work Household Cyc text into useable history)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 04:24, 27 Mar 2002 . . Brion VIBBER (fixed degree signs)
 * (cur) (last) . . 03:48, 27 Mar 2002 . . Lee Daniel Crocker
 * (cur) (last) . . 03:25, 27 Mar 2002 . . The Cunctator (*A brief definition)
 * (cur) (last) . . 03:24, 27 Mar 2002 . . -- April (more household cyc text. This one's really outdated - churning, for heaven's sake...)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 01:32, 27 Mar 2002 . . <IP_ADDRESS>

Butter was the featured ingredient on the main Cookbook page from April 28, 2004 - May 8, 2004.

title: Cookbook talk:Butter


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/Learn/Did You Know

Enver Hoxha ruled Albania from 1944 to 1985. See Territories populated by Albanians.


text:
Zhilino, Altai Krai

Zhilino (Жилино) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Zhilinsky Selsoviet, Pervomaysky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 937 as of 2013. There are 14 streets.

Geography
Zhilino is located 33 km east of Novoaltaysk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Malakhovo is the nearest rural locality.

title: Zhilino, Altai Krai


text:
Talk:Research Centre for Macedonian History and Documentation

[Untitled]
With respect to the CorenSearchBot warning: CorenSearchBot is in error. The material for the article was obtained from the official site of the Research Center for Macedonian History and Documentation. Probably the http://hellenicgenealogygeek.blogspot.com/2010/04/museum-for-macedonian-struggle.html page obtained the material from the same, public domain source.

Vlas2000 (talk) 21:33, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Hello Vlas2000. Please point me to the source, so I can verify the copyright status. Do you mean http://www.imma.edu.gr/imma/research/index.html? If so, that page is not public domain, rather the site generally claims copyright: http://www.imma.edu.gr/imma/copyright.html. Also not that absence of a copyright tag does is not the same as not-copyrighted. Thanks, Crow  Caw  19:29, 21 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Hello Crow, I've notified the copyright owner about the problem with their copyright page and they've fixed it. It now shows clearly the the material is under a CC3 license, which I suppose is OK for wikipedia. Regards, Vlas2000 (talk) 00:16, 22 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Yes, that works. I've attached the attribution templates accordingly. Thanks for working through this! Crow  Caw  01:40, 22 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Søren Kierkegaard/scratch page

Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a Danish philosopher, theologian, poet, social critic and religious author who is widely considered to be the first existentialist philosopher.

Historical Introduction to Philosophy/General Introduction

Rejection of Descartes
Kierkegaard was concerned by the the way people had taken truths as given. René Descartes' 'Meditations' for example supposedly show a way in which the self is proved by thought alone: I think, I doubt my existence, My doubt proves my existence. The Preface of Kierkegaard's 'Fear and Trembling' criticizes such an idea that has been present in philosophy ever since, Descartes should not have concluded that he exists, only that doubt characterizes thought at that specific moment in time. Influenced by Socratic Method, and to some extent David Hume, Kierkegaard suggests that one should never stop doubting. The problem with philosophies since Descartes is that they always start with doubting when in fact it can never be moved passed.

Concerns with Hegel and the Importance of Agency
In the time in which Kierkegaard was writing in Copenhagen most philosophers considered themselves as followers of Hegel. Briefly Hegel suggests that 'spirit' moves through time bringing history to logical and set conclusions. Kierkegaard felt that such an idea left people as spectators of history rather than participants within in it. History has no final goal defined by the spirit moving through it, it course is set by the individual things that cause the motion of it. Thus Kierkegaard suggests each human being is a agent in history that is able to contribute, to an extent, to the outcome of events. The importance of experience is apparent in the way that Kierkegaard makes his texts challenging and open to interpretation, one has to be actively involved in deciphering his philosophical accounts. Kierkegaard's works can be challenging but rewarding, anyone attempting to read them should keep an open mind and discuss with others what they find within the texts. After all Philosophy is a social activity that requires active participation.

Should we Simply be Following the Will of God?
Some debate is apparent of whether Kierkegaard was suggesting humans should follow God's will alone. 'Fear and Trembling' for example follows the Biblical story of Abraham under the pseudoname Johannes De Silentio. Johannes may seem to suggest that only good and perfection can come from following God's will, even to the extremes of Killing one's only child. Yet at the same time Silentio seems to allude to the fact that such blind and perfect action is probably impossible and if it is possible it is only from actively practicing one's own ethical doctrine, and that such doctrines do not necessitate religious views. Kierkegaard's view that one should experience and live their own methods of living, religious or not is apparent throughout his works.

How to Read Kierkegaard
There is obviously no correct way to go about reading Kierkegaards texts but many readers find frustration with not knowing the view Kierkegaard wants to make present. When anyone comes to read Kierkegaard, it should be discussed and carefully deciphered. The reader is well served by accompanying works with other texts, for example reading Fear and Trembling can be accompanied by John Lippet's introduction to Kierkegaard.

title: Søren Kierkegaard/scratch page


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Charles Singleton (songwriter)

Charles Singleton (songwriter)

 * ... that Charles Singleton (pictured) wrote the lyrics for "Strangers in the Night", a song Frank Sinatra initially called "a piece of shit"?
 * Reviewed: Erik Waaler

Created/expanded by Oaktree b (talk), Bruce1ee (talk). Nominated by Bruce1ee (talk) at 14:14, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Pictogram voting keep.svg Good to go. Long enough and new enough with adequate referencing.  Didn't find any copyvios.  Photo in the article appears to be properly licensed. Hook is within guidelines.  First part of the hook sourced to reference #1 but have to AGF on the 2nd hald as most of reference #3 is behind a pay wall. Rlendog (talk) 21:16, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the review (anyone with HighBeam access will be able to check out ref 3). I've added a crop of the article picture. BTW in case there are any concerns about having the word "shit" on the main page. I've found 5 hooks from the DYK archive that use this word: Feb 2011, Mar 2012, Jun 2011, Apr 2009 and May 2009. —Bruce1eetalk 08:05, 14 July 2012 (UTC)


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Netishyn

Netishyn (Нетішин, Niecieszyn) is a city in Shepetivka Raion of Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province), in the west of Ukraine. It is located on the Horyn River. Netishyn hosts the administration of Netishyn urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population:

Netishyn is the site of the Khmelnytskyi Nuclear Power Plant.

Until 18 July 2020, Netishyn was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three, the city of Netishyn was merged into Shepetivka Raion.

Notable people

 * Alina Komashchuk — champion fencer
 * Dariya Nedashkovska — fencer
 * Olha Zhovnir — champion fencer
 * Halyna Pundyk — champion fencer
 * Valeriy Fedorchuk — footballer

title: Netishyn


text:
Indonesia omnibus law protests

The Indonesia omnibus law protests (previously known as omnibus bill protests and referred colloquially as the omnibus law protests or anti-omnibus law protests; unjuk rasa tolak omnibus law) were a series of demonstrations and civil disorder against Indonesia's Omnibus Law on Job Creation which was passed on 5 October 2020 as well as President Joko Widodo. Demonstrations had begun on 13 January 2020 while the then-bill, claimed by the government as vital to boosting the country's manufacturing industry and foreign investment, was still being drafted. Protesters were concerned with the law's impact on the protection of the environment and working conditions.

Background
One of President Joko Widodo's goals is to increase investment and industrialization in Indonesia, with an annual per capita income of Rp. 320 million and a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$7 trillion by 2045. As such, a new regulation is needed to cut the "red tape" of the Indonesian investment climate. The new proposed draft titled RUU Cipta Kerja (Job Creation Bill) was fiercely opposed by environmentalists, labour unions, and many oppositions shortly after its publication. The first draft was proposed on 12 February 2020. It contained 15 chapters and 174 articles to be discussed by the People's Representative Council (DPR) during the 2020 National Legislation Program. The bill was passed on 5 October 2020.

Protests
The law sparked protests, originating in Java in January 2020. Protesters are concerned that the law could hurt both workers, specifically that it "would harm workers by reducing severance pay, cutting mandatory leave, allowing longer work hours, and permitting the hiring of contract and part-time workers in place of full-time employees"; and the environment, specifically that it "would lead to the deforestation of forests that are essential in controlling carbon emissions and slowing climate change" according to environmentalists. Several labour unions say that the law should include representatives from labour unions and not just investors. The government says that the law could help Indonesia's fallen economy during the COVID-19 pandemic. As of 8 October, at least 400 protesters have been detained, ranging from peaceful protesters to rioters.

Other than demanding for the law to be retracted, some protesters also demand Jokowi to resign out of office, calling current Indonesian politics a culprit. Other demonstrations also demands increase of 2021 minimal wage.

In August, a group of labourers across 20 provinces threatened to hold a more massive protest from 6 to 8 October if the law is not retracted. The group's leader states that health protocols will be implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19, and that via The Jakarta Post, "Whether or not we succeed should be an afterthought. What’s important is that we fight." On 20 October, labourers plan on protesting again on 27 October at 1 pm with 5,000 students nationwide. However, there are no reported protests on the said date. As the last word, protests are planned to be conducted until 10 November, in which late October and early November will be a critical time, specifically with Widodo planned to sign and approve the law.

Antara reports that 145 of the 3,862 people detained as of 9 October have tested positive for COVID-19. The last major protest was on 1 May 2021 held by the Confederation of Indonesian Labour Unions (KSPI), Confederation of All-Indonesia Labour Unions (KSPSI), Farmer Union of Indonesia (SPI), and Indonesia Human Right Committee for Social Justice.

Java
Since January, many protests in Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, and Yogyakarta have been held in front of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) buildings and elsewhere. On 6 October, labourers protested at the DPRD office. They complain that the law only benefits the politicians. On 7 October 2020, a clash between the police and protesters in Cikarang resulted in nine arrests. The police arrested two alleged anarchists on the way to join a demonstration in West Jakarta on 14 August; they had several Molotov cocktails on their hands and several books and stickers promoting or associated to anarchism.

The burning and overall destruction of properties were also seen in Jakarta, unprevented by the 2,500 police deployed by the National Police. Three police stations, Patung Kuda Arjuna Wiwaha, Tugu Tani, and Harmoni were burned and destroyed by rioters. The Grand Senen Theater was also burned, and the fire was fully extinguished at 22:00. Around 50% of the theatre is destroyed by the fire. School textbooks were also burned by students, along with six rukos and two vehicles. Police cars were also turned over. To make politicians aware of the National Farmer's Day, protesters set up scarecrows.

In Bandung, several people assaulted the guarding police. Bandung is also the first city to conduct a COVID-19 rapid test on the protesters. None had contracted the virus.

As a result of the massive mayhem, a toll road connecting Serang and Jakarta was closed for a day. The road leading to the DPR office was also closed, barricaded with barbed wires. This was thanks to the knowledge of authorities that a protest will be held. Several roads were also closed, which led to more fights with the police, although protesters there went home as time passed. In Jakarta, 398 tons of debris and trash were collected, overwhelming 1,100 workers and 12 road sweepers, and 50 garbage trucks. Bandung's streets were also closed. The 116 students who protested in Bekasi were arrested for one night at a police station. The next day they were fetched home by their mothers; all of them were instructed to kneel on their worried mom. Some cried while doing so.

Several police personnel were criticized for using excessive force on the protesters. It was reported that the police shot tear gas towards a group of protesters that were simply waiting for another group. Jakarta's police also said that they would not allow more protests due to the COVID-19 burden. A video recorded by the Associated Press (AP) showed a student collapsing three meters from a police barricade after a gunshot was heard. According to the South China Morning Post (SCMP), one student carried him away. His condition is still unclear.

A high-ranking police officer (Awi Setiyono) told CNN Indonesia that Jakarta does not welcome protests, and protests are only allowed outside. He says that they will be enforcing citywide patrols to ensure no protests will be held anymore in Jakarta. This policy was initially suggested by General Idham Azis via a telegram letter. Lawbreakers may be arrested.

In response to a plan on mass protests on 27 October, 6,000 police were deployed in Jakarta. Medan Merdeka Barat Street is also temporarily closed. Protesters were warned by Minister of Political, Legal, and Security Affairs Mahfud MD to be cautious of any intruders.

Sumatra
In Batam, a protest was held by workers and several labour unions. In Pekanbaru, protests occurred at the DPRD office. Police sprayed cannon water and tear gas. Roads were damaged too. Padang's DPRD office was also attacked. A protester forcing to get through the police barricades led to a series of rock fights. Protesters also burned tires. In the Bangka Belitung Islands, students held a peaceful protest in Pangkal Pinang. Meanwhile, in Jambi, protesters trespassed a fence and rushed to the city's DPRD office, destroying properties of it. Similar kinds of riots were also seen in Bandar Lampung. Victims were mostly police officers, with a protester rushed to Dadi Tjokrodipo Hospital due to neck injury, and 25 other protesters were treated in three different hospitals. News reports circulated that a student was shot; police called it "fake news" and urged people never to spread such news.

In Medan, riots occurred initially at the North Sumatran DPRD's office. Many threw various objects at the guarding police. Several roads also saw protests and riots. Some launched firecrackers, while others threw rocks and bamboo, which caused the DPRD office's glass to be damaged. To stop the riots, police threatened "Your parents are seeing these; people are recording this. Please stop, brothers, don't make trouble," as well as tear gasses and spraying waters using three vehicles. As protests calmed down, they continued, "Your future's a bright road ahead. Remember: This is Medan, our home." 7,000 personnel were deployed at the protest zone. Several stores were under attack as well; the stores immediately locked themselves down. Two police were injured by the rocks and bamboos. A total of 117 people were arrested. Many of the injured were rushed to Bhayangkara Hospital. Many of the protests ended in the evening.

Banda Aceh saw only peaceful protests and no riots. The protests were held during rainfall. The protesters, mostly college students, went to Aceh's DPRD office. Communication techniques include speeches, poems, and posters.

The only place where police expressed wills to abandon protests was Padang; this was due to Padang being a "red zone" of COVID-19.

Kalimantan
In Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Aliansi Kaltim Melawan (The Fighter Alliance of East Kalimantan) and Rakyat Kaltim Untuk Indonesia (East Kalimantanese for Indonesia) blocked a road section to the province's DPRD building and pushed themselves to get inside the building, raising tension and forcing the local government to deploy 30 members of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. In South Kalimantan, students and labourers successfully occupied the DPRD building. As a result, the speaker of South Kalimantan DPRD agreed to support demonstrators' cause on rejecting the bill. In Central Kalimantan and North Kalimantan, protests also turned violent. In Pontianak alone, 32 people were arrested while in Banjarmasin, a man who wants to disperse the protesters was caught having a sharp weapon on his hand in the middle of the crowd.

Sulawesi
On 16 July, a demonstration in Makassar turned into a riot, resulting in 37 being arrested by police, one of them a woman. In Gorontalo, police responded to riots with tear gas, wreaking more havoc. Several police officers also acted "provocative" according to the protest coordinator. Two protesters were hospitalized, six were arrested, and ten are lost. The police said that the protests were ended due to COVID-19 worries. In Palu and Kendari, riots also occurred. A video that shows police beating a student in front of a mosque went viral on Twitter, and three journalists are said to have experienced similar circumstances. Despite heavy rain, protesters in Manado did not stop protesting. As protests heated up, six college students were arrested due to throwing rocks at Manado's DPRD office.

The protesters agreed to move their protesting site 20 meters away later. Firefighting trucks were present to disturb potential rioters on site. Only 10 people were allowed to enter the DPRD office to voice themselves for tranquillity. Six people were arrested.

Nusa Tenggara and Bali
In Kupang on 22 July, a demonstration was held by students in front of the East Nusa Tenggara DPRD building. They waved the Indonesian flag and marched towards the building. Later, three students were arrested for throwing rocks against the police. A group of students sang the song "DPR Goblok," meaning "DPR Stupid." Some also designed a coffin and showed it off, as if the DPR members were inside the coffin. While in Bali, students and activists surrounded the DPRD building, pushing to get in while blocked by local police. Protesters were irritated by the tear gas sprayed by police. Police tried closing the road, but its huge usage by ambulances to Sanglah General Hospital forced them not to close them. Riots only occurred 1 hour after the regular protests. Demonstrations also occur on West Nusa Tenggara, resulting in the West Nusa Tenggara DPRD sending an aspiration letter to Jakarta for the law to be retracted.

Maluku
Demonstrations were held in Ambon and Ternate against the omnibus law and demanding that the Elimination of Sexual Violence Bill be the nation's top priority. In Ambon, several college students broke into Maluku's DPRD office. Riots occurred for an hour. Several were arrested. The police said that they "thank" the students for "voicing their aspirations," saying that they will forward their messages to the government and the DPR in the form of a letter. In Ternate, North Maluku, riots occurred, and one journalist was injured. There were also destructions of property, with several rock fights between the protesters and the police. Tear gas did not stop the protesters from protesting, more so rioting. Several cops were "assaulted, kicked, and stabbed with traffic lights" according to a police officer. Two places in Ternate saw peaceful protests. Roads were closed. Several were arrested. In city of Tual, a protest also occurred and later successfully occupied the DPRD building of the city.

Papua
A Papuan news website wrote an article with the header written "#PapuanLivesMatter," asking for the bill not to be eligible in Papua, as it will hurt the farmers, exploit natural resources, and will have devastating impacts on the culture and well-being of struggling families. A protest occurred in Sorong, West Papua by students in front of its DPRD building, which later turned into a riot.

Action 1310
On 13 October 2020, the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI), the National Movement to Protect Ulama's Fatwa (GNPF) and the National Anti-Communist Alliance of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (ANAK NKRI) held a protest near the Istana Negara. Invitations to ulemas and other Islamic leaders to join the protest were shared via WhatsApp. FPI spokesman Novel Bamukmin said simultaneous protests would be held in other major cities across the nation. Organizers claimed there would be about 10,000 demonstrators, whereas police said they had been informed the number would be 1,000. Before the protests, Mobile Brigade Corps from other provinces such as North Sumatra and Maluku were deployed to Jakarta as part of a 12,000-strong security presence. #UmrahBersatuMenolakOmnibusLaw (English: #UmrahUnitedToRejectOmnibusLaw) became a trending hashtag on Twitter on 13 October.

Named Action 1310 after the date on which it was held, the protest resulted in the closure of roads, sidewalks, and public transport in the area. Streets leading to Monas, where the protest was centered, were to be closed from 10:00 pm on 12 October up to 1:00 am on 14 October. Governor Anies Baswedan's administration initiated traffic diversions to six roads. Rail passengers intending to ride to Gambir Station were advised to "plan a schedule."

The protesters began gathering at the Arjuna Wijaya chariot statue and fountain, next to an entrance to Monas in Gambir. The rally commenced at around 12:30 pm with a Qira'at. The protest was initially peaceful but turned violent at 3:40 pm when police clashed with youthful protesters. A police officer repeatedly used obscenities when threatening to arrest protesters, prompting some of the demonstrators to throw stones and plastic bottles at the law enforcers. Police responded with tear gas. Many of the teenagers retreated to the Sarinah Building junction and Hotel Indonesia traffic circle, while one teenager continued attacking the police. Nikkei Asia says there were around 100 of them. The FPI reportedly deployed an ambulance to help some of the many injured protesters, much to the vexation of the police, calling it the "Car of Dajjal" (Indonesian: Mobil Dajjal).

In Medan, a protest held by ANAK NKRI outside the Governor's office developed into a riot.

Balinese news agency Suara Dewata criticized the protests as "sinful," arguing that any protests under FPI's name are illegal, as FPI's organization permit has not been extended. It also linked the protests to the 212 Action, which challenged Jokowi's presidency. It further noted that FPI's lack of adherence to social distancing regulations would exacerbate the spread of COVID-19 cases.

Coinciding with the first day of the protests, FPI leader Rizieq Shihab was reportedly permitted to return to Indonesia after a long period in Saudi Arabia, where he claims he has been banned from returning to Indonesia. However, Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman Teuku Faizasyah said he has no updates regarding Shihab.

Police brutality
A video showing police spraying tear gas to an ambulance on 13 October went viral, although the police insisted that the ambulance's maneuver triggers the tear gassing. Protesters and the Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation (YLBHI) accused the police of using excessive force, saying that they were not given access to injured protesters and that many protesters were lost, most likely detained by the police. The Commission for Missing Persons and Victims of Violence (KontraS) received around 1,500 complaints about police brutality, while the Jakarta Legal Aid Foundation (LBH Jakarta) received 288 reports. The Alliance on Independent Journalists (AJI) and the Legal Aid Institute of the Press (LBH Pers) reported that seven journalists were attacked by the police, allegedly due to fears of being recorded.

Social media
Indonesian internet influencers and celebrities on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and Instagram rapidly promoted the law and urged the public to support the law deliberation. The hashtag #IndonesiaButuhKerja (English: #IndonesiaNeedsJobs) was used by several comic strip artists and content creators to promote the law and counter the opposition to the bill on the Internet, while many ads were reported to contain contents promoting or supporting the law. TikTok users made videos in support of the protesters, with various hashtags used. Many made comedy sketches or animations to voice their support of protesters and opposition to the law. In the same vein, K-Pop fans push hashtags on Twitter that oppose the law.

Social media users also coined the abbreviation Cilaka, which stands for "Cipta Lapangan Kerja," the Indonesian name of the law, also a mockup of celaka, Indonesian for "woe." CNN Indonesia calls these group of Internet activists the Government's Influencers Coalition (Indonesian: Koalisi Influencer Pemerintah). Social deduction game Among Us became trending, with supporters of the protests comparing DPR to the Impostor, an antagonist in the game that could kill the other people (Crewmates) and travel through vents in a spaceship. Many players also named themselves "DPR" if they became the Impostor. In a severe case, a woman on TikTok claimed to be the mistress of a DPR member, demanding that the law be revised, or else she will "tell" something to his original wife. DPR calls this "discrediting," and that further actions can be taken if the identity of the woman is found.

As internet activists overwhelmingly criticized many influencers for supporting the law, some influencers stopped supporting the law and apologized. Ardhito Pramono, an Indonesian singer and celebrity, apologized on Twitter and stated that he had been paid to promote the bill. People started to associate this with Jokowi's meeting with influencers in Presidential Palace, suspecting that the influencers had been recruited and paid by the government to silence opposition.

Social media also has impacts on the youth's perception of the protests and is also a free place for activists to share opinions. Unassociated people were also seen "protesting." This comprises teenagers and children. In Bandung, a child was seen protesting. Upon investigation, the police concluded that the child is following what they saw on social media feeds. Seven people were investigated for attacking the police via social media in Bandung. Amid Action 1310, eight people were arrested for allegedly "spreading hate speech and violating the Electronic Information and Transactions Law." Korean artist DPR Live has been the target of online misinformation due to his pseudonym. Omnibus opposers repeatedly hate-commented his Instagram posts, and also mass-flagged his account.

Four users on e-commerce company Shopee reportedly "sold" the DPR building at a meagre price, ranging from Rp. 5,000 to 99,000, in a satirical manner. Another user on Bukalapak sold it for Rp. 123 million, while another user on Tokopedia sold it, as well as the members of DPR, for Rp. 100,000. DPR secretary-general Indra Iskandar says that such incidents are expected in a pro-democracy protest, and advises the police to take appropriate actions towards the sellers, that "those kinds of jokes, I think, have no place anywhere. He says that the Ministry of Finance should also deal with this. All three platforms have taken down all similar pages.

The Indonesian police stated that it would launch "cyber patrols" and "counter-narratives" to "mobilize public opinion against the strikes," specifically to remove or fact-check hoaxes about the law, the protests, and anything related. The document regarding the intention was leaked on Twitter on 6 October and was verified. An example of the actions is the fact-checking of a hoax circulating through WhatsApp, claiming that the protests would be terminated on 9 October.

Reactions
Reactions by politicians varied, from voicing their support for or opposition to the law, or remaining silent. Many governors, regents, mayors, and DPRDs expressed their rejection of the law after protests erupted and supported the protesters. On 13 October, North Sumatran Governor Edy Rahmayadi says, "I don't even know what's the Omnibus Law. And I'm sure you too haven't known about it, so tabayyun (be wise). Don't spread misinformation, spreading them is sinful." As protests spiked in severity, President Joko Widodo flew to Central Kalimantan to see the progress of the Food Estate Project, a project focusing on Indonesia's natural resources. The general public criticized Jokowi for this, assuming that he is running away from the chaos. #Jokowikabur (English: #JokowiRunsAway) became popular on Twitter. Administration representatives denied that Jokowi was running away from the chaos, stating that the travel was "part of his scheduled agenda." However, the administration had voiced their support against the goals of the protesters. Jokowi responded in a live speech: "I see that many of the protests [...] were motivated by misinformation regarding the contents of the [...] law, and hoaxes on social media. I have to clarify again that this [...] law requires many [permits in order for it to be passed]. We, the government, welcomes suggestions and criticisms from the Indonesian people. If there's still any dissatisfaction towards this Law on Job Creation, you are welcomed to suggest a [...] judicial review via MK― the Constitutional Court. This is allowed by our country's basic systems."On social media pro-Omnibus Law accounts, or cyber troops, were mobilized to support the bill and deter criticism. Besides flooding social media with pro-Omnibus Law hashtags, pro-government cyber troops mimicked and magnified negative stories of the protest published by Indonesian news outlets, accusing the protesters of being “anarchic” and lacking proper information on the law. Pro-government cyber troops also scorned the protesters as “hoax-spreaders” for posting tweets based on older drafts or for exposing government officials’ collusion and corruption. Some also instructed their followers, and coordinated with other cyber troops, to harass specific activists.

Videos and photos of police brutality have also been spread by international media. In response, Fadli Zon says that "[Indonesian] police brutality was being watched by the world. How in the world will investors enter a country with trash authorities like this?"

Tribun News worries that the protests will go on for a year or longer, similar to the Hong Kong protests. It also compared the protests to the May 1998 riots. An interviewed protester said that the protests would go on until the law was retracted. The SCMP and Suara Dewata both expressed concerns about the possible COVID-19 spikes.

In 12 October, a banner reading "KAMI terbukti menunggangi aksi demo buruh & pelajar" (English: KAMI was proven to be piggybacking the demonstration by labourers and students) was installed by an unknown party at Central Jakarta, which accuses the Action for Rescuing Indonesia Coalition of influencing the demonstrations.

The Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs of Indonesia, Mahfud MD also predicts the demonstration will live until 28 October 2020. Spokesman of Labour with the People Movement (Gebrak), Nining Elitos says there was a diversion of issues on Omnibus Law on Job Creation demonstrations.

Formation of Labour Party
During 4th Congress of the Labour Party, Said Iqbal, Chairman of Confederation of Indonesian Workers Unions (Indonesian: Konfederasi Serikat Pekerja Indonesia, KSPI) and sole candidate of the Labour Party's chairman at that time said that the passage of the law was defeat of Indonesian Labour Unions. He realized that, without enough powers of pro-laborers and pro-workers politicians or politicians from laborers and workers background, it is impossible to make stop of the law from being passed. Having they had enough pro-laborers and pro-workers politicians in DPR at that time, the law may be dropped and can be stopped from being passed. On 5 October 2021, Labour Party formed through amalgamation of the original 1998 Labour Party and many Indonesian Labour Unions.

Final Decision by Constitutional Court
On 25 November 2021, the Constitutional Court issued their decision. The decision ordered the government and People's Representative Council to "repair" the law from issues surrounding it in 2 years. The government and People's Representative Council shall not issue any derivative laws based on this law. If the government and People's Representative Council are failed to fix the law in 2 years, the law declared to void, and any amendments amended by the law will be undone.

Subsequent amendment and abrogation
On 30 December 2022, the amendment of the law, Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No.2/2022, was signed by Joko Widodo. The subsequent Government Regulation in Lieu of Law on 2 January 2023 stated that the law was abrogated and replaced wholly with the Government Regulation in Lieu of Law, in accordance with the Article 185 of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No 2/2022. Despite the law being abrogated, the Labour Party and other mass organization rejected the replacement, instead wanting a law more favorable to them. Regional Representative Council member Abdul Rachman Thaha called for support from the people and the legislature to remove Joko Widodo from the presidency and impeach him for his administration's actions.

title: Indonesia omnibus law protests


text:
Bezrukavka

Bezrukavka (Безрукавка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Bezrukavsky Selsoviet, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 1,778 as of 2013. There are 19 streets.

Geography
Bezrukavka is located 12 km northeast of Rubtsovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Beryozovka is the nearest rural locality.

title: Bezrukavka


text:
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Miscellaneous/2017 September 16

= September 16 =

Storing Jamón ibérico properly?
I am toying with buying a whole Jamón ibérico imported from Spain (I am in the U.S.) at a significant price. I already buy it in NYC from specialty stores and figure I will actually save money and have a better product, if I use it all and don't waste it. At what I project for "usage" (eating! but this is not something you eat large amounts of at one time), the whole ham should last, at the least, about two months. For the pre-sliced, it goes in the fridge, like any other cold cut. This is cured food, aged for 24 months, though in a controlled way. I'm not at all sure throwing it in the fridge would work (I mean, I assume it would "work" to keep if from spoiling in the interior; I mean compromising it). Can I just wrap it in some way (how?) and hang it from a hook in the kitchen, which is normal room temperature? Should I maybe wait until the winter, and store it in my garage which is not heated but never gets below freezing. Anyone with any experience who can give me some hands-on knowledge about this? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:16, 16 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Do not throw it in the fridge. Read http://www.proper-spanish-tapas.com/storing-serrano-ham.html Googling "storing Jamón ibérico" gives you many results. I simply chose one of the pages I agree with. (((The Quixotic Potato))) (talk) 22:28, 16 September 2017 (UTC)

 * I'm rather skeptical of advice to not refrigerate meat. There are many risks:

 * 1) Insects.

 * 2) Attracting animals, like rats. Even if they can't get to it, the smell may cause them to chew their way into your house.

 * 3) Mold. The curing process is to prevent this, but the air temp, humidity, and mold spores in the air will control whether the curing is sufficient to prevent it.  Of course, if you see mold begin, you could cut off that part and the refrigerate or even freeze the rest.  Your idea to buy it in winter seems like it would help here, as dryer, cooler air is common in winter.

 * 4) Drying out. They mention this as a risk.  Winter could make this worse, but dried out meat isn't necessarily ruined, just think of it as jerky.  Certain food prep methods may rehydrate it.

 * I suggest you buy a smaller portion first, to see how it works out. StuRat (talk) 14:18, 17 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Spanish people have been doing this for quite a while. They don't worry about mold much. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5WRt3SzbOBg I assume you have a cupboard you can close that rats and insects cannot enter. See the "Jamón Appearance" section of https://www.tienda.com/reference/jamonslicing.html (((The Quixotic Potato))) (talk) 16:16, 17 September 2017 (UTC)

 * A cupboard that insects can not enter would require a seal around the entire opening, as insects come mighty small. StuRat (talk) 19:06, 17 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Stu, there are hundreds upon hundreds of cured meat products which have been stored without refrigeration for centuries. That's the point of curing.  See charcuterie, salumi, etc.  The US has a version of jamón ibérico called country ham which can be stored for months or years without refrigeration.  So long as the packaging is intact, there's no danger of critters eating it, and furthermore, it's so heavily salted most critters avoid it anyways; that's kinda the point of curing.  -- Jayron 32 12:57, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

 * That "so long as the packaging is intact" is a big if. Specifically, they talk about the rind, and how it protects the meat.  Once that is cut, the meat becomes vulnerable, much like a cut in our skin.  Also, a large critter like a rat could just chew through the rind to get to the good part.  They regularly do this with other food items in inedible packaging.  As for the salt, they, like us, would need to drink lots of water after eating this ham, but that's not a showstopper unless they lack access to water.

 * A fridge has the often unappreciated benefit of sealing food away from critters. I've had mice and ants in my house, but never in my fridge.  As for people eating unrefrigerated meat for centuries, that's true, but so was unrefrigerated, unpasteurized milk, and that doesn't mean it's as safe.  StuRat (talk) 16:12, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

 * The point is, Stu, that you have no reason to be "skeptical" of cured meat products. Properly prepared cured meats have been safely stored outside of refrigeration for millenia, and refrigeration of these products does NOT improve shelf-life or safety of the product."Uncooked hams may be safely stored hanging in a cool dry area at room temperature.", "Does not require refrigeration", "A whole, uncut dry cured or country ham can be stored safely at room temperature for up to 1 year", "These uncooked hams are safe stored at room temperature and because they contain so little water, bacteria can't multiply in them." (USDA), "Storing your serrano ham is simple. When you buy your ham it will be covered in rind and waxed. You can keep it just like this at cool room temperature for up to a year or so." "Store your whole, bone-in jamón in a cool, dry and ventilated place, either resting in a holder (jamonero) or hung by the rope. To preserve the freshness, moisture and flavor of your ham as it is consumed, always cover the sliced area with plastic wrap or a bit of the removed fat layer after slicing. If the meat has been left exposed to the air for some time, discard the first slice of the exposed area, as it will be dry and tough."  Soaked and cooked hams do need to be refrigerated because the soaking processes lowers the salt content and allows unhealthy bacteria to perhaps form.  However, dry-cured slicing hams can be safely stored at room temperature for a long time.  Spanish hams even have a counter-top storage hook called a "jamonero" which exists for exactly this purpose.  Your advice to refrigerate dry-cured spanish hams is countermanded by, like, every source there is.  -- Jayron 32 16:28, 18 September 2017 (UTC)


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Marieta Kouassi

Dibice Marieta Kouassi is an Ivorian former footballer who plays as a forward. She has been a member of the Ivory Coast women's national team.

International career
Kouassi capped for Ivory Coast at senior level during the 2008 African Women's Championship qualification (second round).

title: Marieta Kouassi


text:
Stargazing (Kygo song)

"Stargazing" is a song by the Norwegian DJ and record producer Kygo. It features vocals of American singer Justin Jesso. The song was written by Kygo, Justin Jesso, Stuart Crichton and Jamie Hartman. The song was co-produced by Kygo, Stuart Crichton and Jamie Hartman.

Released on 22 September 2017 as the title track from Kygo's 2017 EP of the same name, it was the third single from the EP after "It Ain't Me" released on 17 February 2017 and "First Time" released on 28 April 2017. Kygo premiered the song in August 2017 during the Judgenfest festival in Norway.

Music video
The music video was released on 26 September 2017 on Kygo's YouTube channel. It was directed by Philip R. Lopez. Described by Billboard as "emotional", the song shows a little boy making his own rocket in the quest of chasing his recently deceased father. The boy finds a note saying "You will always find me in the stars.- Love, Dad".

The boy theorizes that he could meet his dad in the stars so he took help of various people but he did not inform his mother as he was scared that his mission would be stopped.

As Justin Jesso's voice gets strong, the boy reaches his quest. But however his mom was informed about the boy's invention by one of the people that helped the boy. She was disappointed and feared to lose her son too, however the boy told her that he would always be in the stars. The mother cried and agreed to let her son accomplish his mission to chase his dad, so they release the rocket ship in the backyard with all the various people that helped the boy accompanying them.

It was then that the woman faced her fear and she is left lonely.

Track listing

 * Digital download – orchestral version
 * 1) "Stargazing" (orchestral version) (featuring Justin Jesso and Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra) – 3:50

 * Digital download – Kaskade remix
 * 1) "Stargazing" (Kaskade remix) – 3:03

title: Stargazing (Kygo song)


text:
Talk:Dancing with the Stars (American TV series) season 29

Reliable source?
https://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/dwts-season-29-anne-heche-jesse-metcalfe-vernon-davis-confirmed/

Is this a reliable source to add some more cast members, or no? MikaelaArsenault (talk) 20:33, 29 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Yes, but they've already been added to the list/table here. However, I've hidden them because even though they probably do have a very good source of information themselves, we should probably wait until they are officially announced... such as when McLean was reported on August 24, but was officially revealed on August 27.

 * There's also no hurry to add the information, especially given the fact that the full reveal is less than a week away (this Wednesday morning). Magitroopa (talk) 20:53, 29 August 2020 (UTC)

 * It's also now added above the table (using that source). Magitroopa (talk) 21:07, 29 August 2020 (UTC)

I did just find this source as well.

https://www.dancedishwithkb.com/post/confirmed-season-29-celebs-dancing-with-the-stars

MikaelaArsenault (talk) 21:25, 30 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Now that seems to be WP:NOTRS, especially with the, "Proudly created with Wix.com" at the bottom (see WP:USERG). Some of the information listed is also possibly fake since the pairs/couples are only being revealed during the premiere... no clue where they got that info from at all. Magitroopa (talk) 21:32, 30 August 2020 (UTC)

I did find other sources as well, but I'm not even sure if those are reliable.

MikaelaArsenault (talk) 15:50, 31 August 2020 (UTC)

Len Goodman
https://www.etonline.com/derek-hough-replacing-len-goodman-as-judge-on-dancing-with-the-stars-152543

Len is still going to be involved, but he'll be providing his experiences remotely from the UK.

Can someone add this? Thank you. MikaelaArsenault (talk) 12:46, 8 September 2020 (UTC)

Where did the dance chart go?
Somebody must have edited it and removed it. Could somebody add it back?--Ritzy nanak (talk) 21:58, 15 October 2020 (UTC)

Who put a strikethrough through everything on the page?
Somebody vandalized the page by putting a strikethrough through every. single. piece. of. the. article. This will take a long time to fix. Can somebody help?--Ritzy nanak (talk) 23:27, 2 November 2020 (UTC)


text:
User:Bramble Pie/sandbox

The Derbyshire Magnesian Limestone
An outcrop of magnesian limestone beginning on the Nottinghamshire border and running through Derbyshire, has influenced the landscape and heritage of the area. Several magnesian limestone crags are located in the District of Bolsover including Creswell Crags. Creswell Crags is home to Britains oldest cave art

title: User:Bramble Pie/sandbox


text:
West Virginia Department of Veterans Assistance

The West Virginia Department of Veterans Assistance is a cabinet-level agency of the West Virginia state government. It is the newest cabinet level department, having been broken off from the West Virginia Department of Military Affairs and Public Safety in 2011.

The mission of the West Virginia Department of Veterans Assistance is to provide aid to West Virginia veterans and their qualifying dependents.

The West Virginia Department of Veterans Assistance provides a number of benefits and programs in its efforts to serve West Virginia's veteran population.

Dennis Davis has been the Department Secretary since 2017.

Benefit offices
The Department operates 16 benefit offices throughout West Virginia. The staff at these offices are trained to provide aid to veterans and their dependents. The services provided at these locations are free of charge.

Benefits and programs
Military Retirement Pay State Income Tax Exemption: For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, military retirement income, including retirement income from the regular Armed Forces, Reserves and National Guard paid by the United States or the State of West Virginia are exempt from state income tax.

High School Diplomas for Veterans: This program helps veterans of WWII, Korea, and/or Vietnam receive a high school diploma, if they have not done so already.

Jack Bennett Fund: This fund was created in order to help the families of deceased veterans obtain grave markers.

Veterans Bonuses: The state offers a cash bonus for those veterans having served in the War in Afghanistan.

Veteran Re-education Assistance: This program offers up to a $500 per semester stipend to veterans who are enrolled in a certified post-secondary class.

Veterans and Warriors to Agriculture Program: This program aims to help introduce veterans to agricultural work and supports veterans currently working in agriculture.

War Orphan Education Program: For those who qualify, students will not be charged tuition and fees by a West Virginia post-secondary education or training institution.

West Virginia Military Connection: This program works in tandem with Workforce West Virginia and the West Virginia Department of Labor to help put veterans in touch with training and employment opportunities.

Homestead Exemption: This program provides exemption from certain property taxes for veterans with 100% service and total service-connected disabilities.

In-state Tuition Rates for Nonresident Veterans: This benefit allows all veterans to receive an in-state tuition rate if they are a recipient of the GI Bill and enroll within three years of being discharged.

Medal of Honor & Purple Heart Tuition Waivers: This benefit waives all tuition for public higher education institutions for any West Virginia resident who has been awarded the Medal of Honor or the Purple Heart.

Military Incentive Program: This service encourages the private sector to employ veterans by providing a tax credit.

Veterans Awards for Excellence: This program is designed to acknowledge standout veterans in the work force.

Veteran Designation on West Virginia Driver's Licenses: This program helps veterans receive special recognition for their vehicle's license plate.

Veterans’ License Plates: This program provides special license plates for qualifying veterans.

Veteran Hunting and Fishing Licenses: This program helps qualifying veterans receive a free West Virginia hunting and fishing license.

Veterans Preferences: This program provides veteran recognition when a qualifying individual applies for a position in the West Virginia Civil Service System. Veterans Upward Bound: This program supports the efforts of public institutions to be veteran friendly by providing academic and student support services that address the unique needs of student veterans.

West Virginia State Parks “Veterans’ Salute”: This program provides a 10% discount to veterans and active military personnel at West Virginia State parks.

Yellow Ribbon G.I. Education Enhancement Program: This program helps veterans with higher education cost that exceed the funding provided for by the G.I. Bill.

West Virginia Veterans Nursing Home
The Department operates a 120,000-square foot, 120 bed nursing facility in Clarksburg, West Virginia. The Veterans Nursing Home was completed in 2008. No veteran is turned away due to finances at this institution.

West Virginia Veterans Home
The Department operates a 150-bed facility located on a 23-acre plot in Barboursville, West Virginia. The Veterans Home, authorized in 1975 and opened in 1981, serves as a home in time of need for veterans who were discharged under honorable conditions. The facility employs a recreation supervisor and five recreation specialists that plan events that encourage participation and self-improvement. A well-provisioned library facilitates learning, and several lounges throughout the facility encourage social interaction.

The Donel C. Kinnard State Veterans Cemetery
The Donel C. Kinnard Memorial State Veterans Cemetery is located on a 348-acre plot of land in Institute, West Virginia. The cemetery will eventually provide a dignified resting place for 66,000 of our state's honored veterans and their closest family.

A U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs grant helped facilitate construction of the cemetery. Work began in October 2010. The opening and dedication ceremony was held on Memorial Day 2012.


text:
Talk:Harold and Inge Marcus Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

world->nation, 1908->1909?
I found information in this reference: that disputes some of the info in this IE article. Specifically:
 * IE was a two-year course within ME in 1908, is that the same as the department being founded? (I'm asking) (pg. 52)
 * IE department was first in the nation in 1909, not world (pg. 52, and listed under "National Distinctions" on the outside back cover)

I know this is a wiki, but you obviously put a lot of work into the article, and I didn't want to jump in and make changes without first consulting you. For the Glory, Rob Talk 00:40, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I'm not sure about this. The IE Dept. website  says 1908 and first in the world, and Bezilla in his illustrated history of PSU says:
 * "These studies proved so popular that a year later [ i.e., in 1909 ] they were expanded to a four-year program and formed the core of a new Department of Industrial Engineering-the first of its kind in the world."
 * Not sure what that means, but it's at least true that being the "first in the nation" doesn't exclude also being the "first in the world". The 1908 vs. 1909 thing isn't clear either; not sure what to do about that.  Seems like the term "department" is a rather new construction, and as a result different people apply it to different things.  In the actual text of the article I avoid the problem by stating the 2-year course was started in 1908 and the 4-year course in 1909. I'm fine with saying the department was founded in 1909, but it's rather ambiguous. —Spangineer[es]  (háblame)  01:18, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Based on further research, I'm not sure either actually. The Bezilla book says one thing, but University archives support the first in the world claim with a quote from Marcus. So benefit of the doubt rules, and first in the world it is. Rob Talk 18:55, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

IW
Needs some interwiki. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jan Hayer (talk • contribs)
 * Unfortunately, I don't think there are other wikipedias that have an article about this subject; it is a particularly narrow topic. --Spangineerws  (háblame)  04:14, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Broken template
Three first citations are just stating a red template: Template:Cite State University Press. This needs to be fixed.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 02:40, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Fixed; someone decided to delete the "cite book" reference that was there originally. --Spangineerws (háblame)  04:12, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Just me?
Is it just me, or is anyone else surprised that this article made it to featured article status? Eric Wester 22:57, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * It is an anomaly because it's short and about a really specific subject, but a variety of people agreed that it is of featured caliber. Do you have any suggestions for improving it? --Spangineerws  (háblame)  00:08, 28 August 2007 (UTC)
 * No, I am not saying it's a bad article by any means. I just didn't really think that it was as high of caliber as some of the other featured articles I see. No harm meant! Eric Wester 01:29, 28 August 2007 (UTC)
 * None taken; I understand where you're coming from. --Spangineerws (háblame)  02:16, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Oldest in the world?
The University of Madrid claims to have started a school of industrial engineering circa 1850. http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=62202 --kittyKAY4 (talk) 19:41, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

COI and notability
Since the fa status was awarded, there have been major contibutions by an apparently declared COI editor. The effect has been both to add references, and to changethe style to that resembling a PR brochure. We also normally do not consider individual university departments notable unelss they are one of the most famous in the world. This is not of that rank, as thearticle itself makes clear, although it is one of the oldest.  DGG ( talk ) 04:50, 18 July 2016 (UTC)


text:
2nd Battalion, 6th Marines

2nd Battalion, 6th Marines (2/6) is an infantry battalion in the United States Marine Corps based out of Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. Also known as "The Ready Battalion" or "2/6 Spartans", it consists of approximately 800 Marines and Sailors and falls under the command of the 6th Marine Regiment and the 2nd Marine Division.

Subordinate units

 * Headquarters and Services Company (96th)
 * Echo Company (78th)
 * Fox Company (79th)
 * Golf Company (80th)
 * Weapons Company (73rd)

World War I
2nd Battalion, 6th Marines was activated on July 11, 1917, to serve as reinforcements during World War I. On January 19, 1918, the battalion went to League Island, Philadelphia in order to head out to France as part of the 4th Brigade, American Expeditionary Force. The battalion fought at the Battle of Belleau Wood for which they were awarded the Croix de Guerre with Palm from the French government. Beginning October 3, 1918, the 6th Regiment led the offensive to take Blanc Mont Ridge, pushing the Germans out of the Champagne Region of France. In November 1918, 2/6 also took part in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive which was the last major offensive of the war. The battalion returned to Marine Corps Base Quantico on June 19, 1919. They were deactivated shortly thereafter on August 20, 1919.

World War II
From May to July 1941 2/6 reassigned to the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade and deployed to occupy Reykjavík, Iceland to relieve British forces. In March 1942 the battalion returned to San Diego and was reassigned to the 2nd Marine Division. Lieutenant Colonel William A. Worton served as Battalion Commander at the time.

In the fall of 1942 2/6 sailed to Wellington, New Zealand where it began advanced combat training. This was followed by movement to Guadalcanal on January 1, 1943. The 2/6 also took part in the Battle of Tarawa, beginning on November 21, 1943, the battle's second day.

On June 15, 1944, the battalion landed on Saipan in the Marianas Islands to take part in the Battle of Saipan. Following the end of the war, 2/6 landed at Nagasaki to take part in the Occupation of Japan from September 1945 until July 1946. In August 1946 the battalion relocated to Camp Pendleton, California.

As part of the post war draw down of forces, 2/6 was deactivated on October 1, 1947.

The exploits of the 2/6 were immortalized in the World War II classic novel, "Battle Cry", by Leon Uris. Although the characters were fictional, the movements of the 2/6 were historically accurate and were based on Uris' own experiences in the 2/6 during World War II as a PFC.

The 1960s through the 1990s
From February to June 1983, 2nd Battalion, 6th Marines became part of the Multinational Peace-Keeping Force in Lebanon and were present during the 1983 United States embassy bombing. They returned on October 23, 1983, as relief for 1st Battalion, 8th Marines after the bombing of the Marine barracks.

On March 3, 1989, 2nd Battalion, 6th Marines was deactivated and placed into a cadre status. 2/6 was reactivated on July 23, 1994, at Cuzco Wells, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Then took part in Operation Sea Signal, the security and processing of Haitian migrants. In September of that same year the battalion's main force returned to Guantanamo Bay to provide security for Cuban migrants.

A year later in September 1995 2/6 was sent to support United Nations and NATO peace keeping operations in the former Yugoslavia. From September 1995 to February 1996, 2/6 served as the tactical reserve for Operation Joint Endeavor Implementation Forces (IFOR) and on numerous occasions as the stand-by TRAP force for Operation Deny Flight. For these actions the battalion received the Joint Meritorious Unit Citation.

From April to May 2000, Echo company, Weapons Co and elements of Headquarters and Services' (H&S) Surveillance, Targeting and Acquisition (STA) deployed to Kosovo and took part in Operation Dynamic Response.

Global War on Terror
From February 2002 to August 2002, the battalion was assigned to the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit (Special Operations Capable) as the Battalion Landing Team. From February 2003 to May 2003, the entire Battalion deployed to Kuwait to participate in the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

From August 2003 to April 2004, 2/6 deployed to Okinawa, Japan for a UDP, becoming a part of the 4th Marine Regiment. From August 2004 to July 2005, 2/6 became a part of the 4th MEB, acting as the Brigade's Anti-Terrorism Battalion. While in this capacity the battalion deployed Marines and Sailors to guard the American embassies in Baghdad and Kabul. From September 2005 to April 2006, the battalion deployed to Fallujah, Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. They operated in the areas around the city of Fallujah as part of Regimental Combat Team 5. From April 2007 through October 2007, the battalion again deployed to Fallujah, Iraq. There they pacified a formerly hostile city through the development of professional local city police.

From August 2008 through March 2009, the battalion was deployed as the ground combat element of the 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit where during that time, they were deployed to the Gulf of Aden off the coast of Somalia to assist in anti piracy operations. On June 12, 2010, the battalion deployed to Marjah, Helmand province, Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. They returned from Marjah, Helmand Province, Afghanistan January 6, 2011. 2nd Battalion 6th Marines deployed to Trek-Nawa, Helmand Province, Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom from December 2011 until June 2012.

Notable veterans

 * Robert H. Barrow, served 1956-57, later became 27th Commandant of the Marine Corps
 * Robert D. Bohn, Major General, USMC. Served as Battalion commander 1964-65.
 * Clifton B. Cates, General, USMC. Served with 96th Company, 2nd Battalion during World War I. Later became 19th Commandant of the Marine Corps.
 * John P. Condon, Major General, USMC. Served as Machine Gun Platoon leader, Company H in 1936.
 * John R Allen is the president of the Brookings Institution, a retired United States Marine Corps four-star general, and former commander of the NATO International Security Assistance Force and U.S. Forces – Afghanistan (USFOR-A).
 * Joseph Dunford, current Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and former Commandant of the Marine corps, was battalion commander from 1996 to 1998
 * Graves B. Erskine, General, USMC. Served with 79th Company, 2nd Battalion during World War I.
 * Thomas Holcomb, General, USMC. Commanded 2nd Battalion during World War I. Later became 17th Commandant of the Marine Corps.
 * Charles I. Murray, Brigadier General, USMC. Served with 79th Company, 2nd Battalion during World War I.
 * Leon Uris, author and screenwriter of Battle Cry
 * George D. Webster, Brigadier General, USMC. Commanded the battalion in 1956.
 * William A. Worton, Major General, USMC. Served with 79th Company, 2nd Battalion during World War I.
 * Daniel Joseph Daly, First Sergeant, USMC. Served as Company First Sergeant with 73rd Company [WWI]

title: 2nd Battalion, 6th Marines