text:
Sophus Claussen

Sophus Claussen (12 September 1865 Helletofte – 11 April 1931 Gentofte) was a Danish writer. He is best remembered for his neo-romanticism poems.

Biography
Born in 1865, Claussen was the son of politician Rasmus Claussen and Hanne Sophie (Henriksen). He began his studies in 1884 and published his first collection of poetry, Naturbørn, which attracted attention due to its daringness and bold eroticism along the lines of Emil Aarestrup's work. For a number of years Claussen was involved with the local press. He first began to make a name for himself through two partially symbolic, partially realistic idylls about life in market towns, "Unge Bander" (1894) and "Kitty" (1895), which through a blend of prose and poetry as well as playfulness and grace captivated readers (particularly his introduction to "Unge Bander": "Frøken Regnvejr", likely his most significant work [revised edition 1912]). Claussen later continued his depictions of Danish island life in "Pilefløjter" (1899) and "Mellem to Kyster" (1900). His small travel novels "Valfart" and "Antonius i Paris" (both 1896) are unique among his works with their poetically chatty tone. Additionally, he wrote the play "Arbejdersken".

Claussen lived in Paris for a number of years and published several smaller books ("Trefoden" [1901], "Djævlerier" [1904], "Eroter og Fauner" [1910]). After returning to Denmark, he published a comprehensive and characteristic collection of poetry, Danske Vers, which defines the capricious nature of his body of work.

Among his later works, "Heroica" (1925) and "Foraarstaler" (1927) can be highlighted as particularly representative of his poetic nature. Claussen's complete works are available in nine volumes.

Claussen and author Johannes Jørgensen co-wrote the journal Taarnet as part of the Danish Symbolism movement. To Claussen's regret, he never had a big breakthrough. Recognition eventually came among the Heretica circle and author Karen Blixen.

Claussen was closely linked with painter Albert Gottschalk.

He is buried in Gentofte cemetery.

Honors
Ekbatana, from 1896, is included in the Danish culture canon.

Works

 * Naturbørn, 1887
 * Pilefløjter 1899
 * Ungt Folk 1894
 * Djævlerier, 1904
 * Danske Vers, 1912
 * Heroica 1925

title: Sophus Claussen


text:
Movie Making Manual/Film Marketing

Note: This section should be called "Film Distribution & Marketing".

What happens to your motion picture once you are finished? How does your movie get into the hands of a distributor? How does the distributor get the movie into the hands of the exhibitor or in the case of video tape/disks, into the hands of retail stores? And how does the distributor/theater owner convince the public to attend your movie and to buy the tape/disk?

All of this is called "Marketing".

Finding a Distributor
Probably 99% of all the motion picture which are distributed use a distributor. If a filmmaker cannot find a distributor, the movie will probably never be distributed. Probably 40% of all movies made never find a distributor. So don't assume that finding a distributor will be automatic.

The distributor uses the economics of volume to market motion pictures as cheaply as possible. Even so, the successful motion picture will cost 33% of the final gross just for marketing and distribution. If you try to distribute the movie yourself, the cost can be far more than the income.

Back when you began to make your movie and you went looking for funding, one of the major options you had was getting a distributor on board early. Be sure to read Roger Corman's books and notice that he always had a distributor before he began a movie. It make life so much easier.

A good way to interest a distributor is to have a major star attached to your project. Currently, the market for motion picture is "Star Driven" which means that the public is attracted to movies which have stars rather than good ideas.

If you cannot get a distributor while you are still in the pre-production stage, your only other practical option is to complete you motion picture and show the movie at film festivals to attract a distributor.

Self Distribution
If you want to try to distribute the movie yourself, you must consider your options which are booking directly at a movie theater (either by negotiating a box office split with a theater owner, or renting it for a length of time - also known as "four walling"), Distributing Direct, Selling Online, Digital Cinema Distribution, Submitting to a broadcaster, Putting videos online, Burning a DVD. The process of self distribution is time consuming, requires an additional financial investment, and is a separate business from filmmaking. However, it permits the filmmaker maximal control over how their work is marketed and the highest return on the dollar. An initial successful self distribution of a film can increase the filmmaker's leverage in securing a distribution deal.

Delivery of the Film to the Distributor
When you complete your movie and project your movie at a film festival, you movie is not finished yet. You still do not have all the elements that are needed by the distributor before the distributor will accept your motion picture. These items are known as deliverables. Now, you have to worry about technical deliverables (such as separate tracks of music and sound effects, known as M&E Tracks) and legal deliverables (such as obtaining an "Errors and Omissions" insurance policy.) If you have not planned for this day, you can be in deep trouble. All of this might cost you more than the cost of filming and editing your motion picture.

Developing the Campaign
Finally, we get to the most controversial part of film marketing. To sell a motion picture (with its huge advertising budget), a campaign must be created to introduce the movie to the public. The basic questions are, "What is this movie about?" and "Who will want to see this movie?"

In general, many filmmakers and critics at large, do not like the ad campaigns. But then, they are not paying for any of the millions of dollars that will be spend on the ad campaign. So they complain and gripe and produce meaningless dribble like this:

Get on the Cluetrain
Markets are conversations. Their members communicate in language that is natural, open, honest, direct, funny and often shocking. Whether explaining or complaining, joking or serious, the human voice is unmistakably genuine. It can't be faked.

Most film blurbs, on the other hand, only know how to talk in the soothing, humorless monotone of the clever line, marketing brochure, and your-call-is-important-to-us busy signal. Same old tone, same old lies. No wonder networked markets have no respect for Studio marketing hype unable or unwilling to speak as they do.

But learning to speak in a human voice is not some trick, nor will studios convince us they are human with lip service about "listening to audiences." They will only sound human when they empower real human beings to speak on their behalf.

Marketing the Movie to Exhibitors
The distributor must somehow interest the theater owners to exhibit the movie in their theaters.

Marketing the Movie to the Local Audience
With help from the distributor, the local theater owner will publicize the motion picture before the opening of the movie at the theater.

Marketing the Movie To Tape Distributors
The film's distributor does not normally sell the tape or disk of the movie directly to the Mom & Pop video store. Rather, the distributor must get a specialized distributor to put this in their catalog. In the USA, there are three major tape/disk distributors for movies to video stores.

Publicity
There are many ways to publicize a motion picture or a television drama. The most common are a movie trailer and a behind-the-scenes documentary. The movie trailer is the least expensive and the behind-the-scenes movie can be very time consuming if not expensive.

Publicity is done by both the production company and by the distributor. The still photographs (called appropriately, "stills") and the behind-the-scenes documentary are paid for by the production company. But the movie trailer and movie posters are normally paid for by the distributor. Some production companies in search of a distributor will create their own trailers and posters but once the movie is picked up by a distributor and the advertising campaign is determined, the distributor might still hire one of the many companies in LA which produce trailers for most motion pictures today.

Income Distribution Considerations - Publicity
Should a production company help in the publicity for a motion picture? This is a surprisingly difficult question.

In most cases, the distributor pays the production company a small fee up front for the right to distribute the movie. Then the production company receives a royalty after sales reach a certain amount. Therefore, it is beneficial for the production company to help in the publicity. Also, the cost of the distributor's advertising can often be charged against the income due the production company. So is it better for the production company to do as much of this as they can. But once the distributor creates a marketing campaign, they don't want the production company creating a different image for the movie. And worst of all, all of the rights to most of the publicity material created by the production company is now owned by the film's distributor so the production company can no longer use this material in many cases.

The Forms of Publicity/Advertisements
First, you have the tradition forms of publicity and advertisement.

TV Ads
Television advertisements are simply the movie trailer. Therefore, the cost is only for the air time. This is often the bulk of the cost of publicity for a motion picture.

Newspaper Ads
Newspaper advertisements (either paid for by the distributor or by the theater owner) are almost always created by the distributor.

Publicity tours are paid for by the distributor and the actor's contract usually specifies the amount of pay that the actor will receive for doing the tour. This is particularly useful for film festivals where the movie has won an award.

Website
All movies now have websites.

Editing Workshops = A New Kind of Publicity
Now there is a new way to publicize a motion picture which is half way between a trailer and a behind-the-scenes documentary. This new form of publicity is a tour of the movie set and the editing room for just one (1) scene of the movie. To create this, the film dailies for one scene are turned into a movie which shows the filming of the scene in chronological order showing all the circle takes. That way, the audience can follow along with the script. Then a rough edit of the scene is shown followed by the adjustments to the edits and finally the finished scene with a film score. Once people have seen how the scene was filmed and edited, they can participate in the making of the movie by actually editing the scene on their personal computer.

Currently, there are over 40 million people who have personal computer which are capable of editing digital video but they have nothing exciting to edit. But this new form of publicity will not take off until computer companies such as Apple Computer get behind it since half the benefit of the Editing Workshop is for people who use the personal computer.

To look at this new way to publicize your upcoming motion picture, visit the Star Movie Shop and purchase their Technology Demonstration disk. This is a fully working example of this new kind of publicity for motion pictures or television dramas. You can never have enough publicity for your movie. This is one way which is easy to do, specially if you are editing your movie with Final Cut Pro or similar type of editing program on your computer. You already have all the elements and you just package them in a user friendly way.

Film Scoring Workshop = A New Kind of Publicity
It is also possible to create an entertaining product for people who use GarageBand (which is free will all new Macintosh computers) which is edited scenes without music set up for scoring with GarageBand. At least 5 million people have GarageBand but still no one has done this. Look for it in the next year or two.

Resources for Marketing Independent Films
4Film making.com has detailed articles on the steps to selling an independent film.

/Sales and exhibition

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Movie Making Manual/Film Marketing


text:
Raymond Weaver

Raymond Melbourne Weaver (1888 – April 4, 1948) was a professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University in 1916–1948, and a literary scholar best known for publishing Herman Melville: Mariner and Mystic, the first full biography of American author Herman Melville (1819–1891) in 1921 and editing Melville's works. Weaver's scholarly credentials, training, and persuasiveness were important in launching the "Melville Revival" of the 1920s that brought Melville from obscurity to wide recognition.

Weaver was an influential teacher. He published a novel, wrote introductions for editions of American fiction, book reviews, and literary essays, but never published another scholarly book after his book on Melville.

Discovery of Melville
Weaver was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1888. In 1909 when Weaver was an undergraduate, he came across Melville's first book, Typee, but "stopped at the beginning," as he later wrote, and did not return to Melville for another decade. He graduated from Columbia Teachers College in 1910. In pursuit of teaching, he went to Japan, where he taught English in Hiroshima, and started his career as a writer by publishing articles of travel and reporting. He returned to become a graduate student at Columbia University, where his initial interest was in the literature of the Renaissance.

Weaver first taught at Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, then was hired by Columbia to replace a socialist professor who had been fired because of his peace activities (Weaver left to teach again at Brooklyn Polytechnic, only to return to Columbia for good in 1922).

Carl Van Doren, then an editor of The Nation magazine, had discovered the works of Melville and was impressed by Weaver's "ability to deal with a speculative subject." When they were seated side by side at a faculty dinner, Van Doren commissioned Weaver to write an article for The Nation to mark the centennial of Melville's birth in November, 1919. Weaver at first thought the project would be "child's play" and "a day's job," but when he went to the library, he was surprised to find that while there were many works by Melville there was almost nothing about  him. Weaver's article for The Nation said that Moby-Dick was "born in hell-fire, and baptized in an unspeakable name" and that it "reads like a great opium dream," but contains "some of the most finished comedy in the language."

Preparing that article led to a realization that a biography was needed, and his decision to fill that gap made Weaver the key player in the "Melville revival" which had been gathering momentum. At Van Doren's urging, he launched into deeper research. In particular, he won the confidence of Melville's granddaughter, Eleanor Metcalf, who had inherited the Melville family papers and documents. Weaver's most important discovery among these papers was the unfinished manuscript for Billy Budd on which Melville had been working at the time of his death in 1891.

Herman Melville: Mariner and Mystic
Herman Melville: Mariner and Mystic (1921) was the first full-length study of Melville. Weaver presents Melville as a disappointed and disillusioned genius who rebelled against social convention and paid the price: "His whole history is the record of an attempt to escape from an inexorable and intolerable world of reality." Weaver praises Melville for establishing the South Seas as a suitable topic for literature and for his depictions of a sailor's sea-life, but saved his highest praise for Moby-Dick, Melville's "undoubted masterpiece." But Weaver saw the cold reception from critics as leading to the "Long Quietus," that is, Melville's withdrawal from engagement with literature. He characterized Melville's work after 1851 as inferior, sometimes even unacceptable.

The warm reception and wide circulation of Weaver's biography made it a prime source for later biographers who were not always aware that, in the words of a recent Melville scholar, "it is often inaccurate in its details and too dependent on Melville's travel narratives for autobiographical reference and documentation." Later scholars also hold Weaver partly responsible for the idea that Melville withdrew from literature; it is now more widely held that he turned to poetry, a genre in which he is now recognized as a leader.

Billy Budd
In 1924 Weaver published Melville's Billy Budd, whose manuscript he had found in 1919. It appeared in the last volume of a 13-volume edition of Melville's works which he helped the British publisher Constable & Co. prepare.

In the introduction, Weaver called "Billy Budd" a "novel finished by Melville five months before his death," although later scholars established that in fact Melville was still revising the work when he died. Weaver wrote in the Introduction for the 1928 edition for Horace Liveright entitled The Shorter Novels of Herman Melville that the story was "witness to [Melville's] ultimate faith that evil is defeat and natural goodness invincible in the affections of man." He compared Billy Budd with Pierre, saying that each "ends in disaster and death" and that "each is a tragedy (as was Melville's life)...." Tragedy, Weaver went on, was not the representation of human misery," but" the representation of human goodness or nobility," for only when "worldly disaster has worked its utmost can we realize that there remains something in man's soul which is for ever beyond the grasp of the accidents of existence, with power in its own right to make life beautiful. Only through tragedy of this type could Melville affirm his everlasting yea..."

Black Valley
Weaver's 1927 novel Black Valley is set in Japan, where Weaver had taught English for three years, and presents a critical view of missionaries and intense psychological family relations. The reviewer in The New York Times called it a "strange novel" and compared it to E.M. Forster's 1924 A Passage to India in their doubts about the superiority of the West over the East. The reviewer concluded that Weaver was "no great lover of the gospel in far lands." The novel pictured the "sincere but wasted effort of a community of evangelical Christians engaged in a sort of spiritual shadow boxing, raiding the heathen for an occasional convert and, when off-duty, indulging in a good deal of spiteful and narrow gossip....." The plot revolves around a bigoted missionary, his dying wife, their son, who has fallen in love with a Japanese girl, and an older woman whose almost sexual doting on the son turns to revulsion when she sees him in the arms of the Japanese girl.

Teaching career at Columbia
The General Honors program at Columbia, which emphasized the close reading of Great Books of Western Civilization, was developed by a group of faculty who, in the words of a semi-official history, "were at odds with the research ethos that permeated their departments" and who "saw themselves as teachers and only incidentally as professors...." They may also, the history adds, have placed a higher value on "the good life" than on a "successful career." Weaver, known to his friends as "Buck," was a leading member of this group, which included Mark Van Doren (with whom he shared an office), Irwin Edman, and Mortimer J. Adler, among others. Weaver continued to teach Dante and Renaissance literature, however, in addition to the General Honors course.

A memoir of the college at this time evoked Weaver:
 * Raymond Weaver was celebrated for a multitude of eminences. He had invented Herman Melville; he had lived in Japan; he wore plus fours in which he could have carried his entire library; he spoke with an accent of perfect clarity and force, but which apart from him was never heard on land or sea. He dramatized the whole of life which was wonderful for the teaching of literature and aesthetics but petrifying in personal relations. He could ask the eternal pedagogic question: "What do you mean, Mr. Doe, by 'interesting'?", and make it sound like an irrefutable accusation of incompetence; and yet he did not merely terrify, he taught. What he taught was an outlook of combined wonder and critical resiliency. Never to take literary platitudes at their face value, and never to become a cheap skeptic...

Students recalled his disdain for popular literature. One story recounted decades later was that Weaver was at a cocktail party in the late 1930s when a guest asked him if he had read Gone With the Wind. When he said no, the guest said, "Well, you should. It's been out six months." The professor then asked the guest if he had read The Divine Comedy. When the guest said no, the professor said, "Well, you should. It's been out 600 years." Another student recalled Weaver's sang–froid after a heavy snow-storm knocked out power to the upper west side of New York and left others without water. Weaver appeared on campus freshly shaved. When a student asked how he had done it, and Weaver replied, "I boiled ice cubes."

By the mid-1930s, Weaver had lost interest in Melville. He freely gave advice to Charles Olson in preparing his study, Call Me Ishmael, published in 1947, but declined to read the manuscript that Olson submitted for publication. His Columbia colleague Lionel Trilling later said that Weaver "came to regard Melville with some irony, as too much a romantic," and that Weaver preferred Dante and Italian Renaissance writers. Weaver was given tenure in 1937, but since he never completed his PhD (and perhaps because he was open about his homosexuality), he was not promoted to full professor until 1946. Weaver died in his apartment near Columbia University in New York City, on the morning of April 4, 1948, at the age of 59. He had recently been treated at a New York hospital, apparently for suicidal depression.

Students
Among the Columbia students who acknowledged Weaver as an important influence was Joseph Campbell, the future scholar of mythology. Weaver told Campbell in the 1920s that he should not continue PhD work because he would not find what he was looking for in graduate school, but gave him a list of readings. Another who credited Weaver was the publisher Robert Giroux.

In the early 1930s Lionel Trilling was first a student and then a colleague. Trilling's wife recalled that Weaver was "outspokenly hostile until a long time afterward when his enmity changed into affection as precipitously as it had appeared..." After Weaver's death, Trilling said that he was "personally and intensely implicated in every idea he ever dealt with. He related every moment of the classroom to life, and his vision of life was heroic."

In the 1940s the Beat novelist Jack Kerouac and the Beat poet Allen Ginsberg were close to Weaver. Ginsberg, who was uncomfortable in the homophobic atmosphere at Columbia, recalled that Weaver was gay, and Kerouac recalled that Weaver gave him a list of books on Zen Buddhism, Plotinus, Melville's novel Pierre, and the American Transcendentalists.

Evaluations of Weaver's role in the Melville Revival
The scholars who came after him credit Weaver with writing the first biography of Melville and launching the Melville Revival, but also point out weaknesses in interpretation and misstatements which came from lack of information. The scholar F. O. Matthiessen wrote in 1941 that Weaver devoted only two chapters, an eighth of his biography, to all of Melville's career after Moby-Dick, and that "this foreshortening was disproportionate..." Calling these two chapters "The Great Refusal" and "The Long Quietus" created an impression of Melville's "collapse into misanthrophy if not actual insanity...."

Later Melvillians further hold Weaver among those responsible for the lingering notion that Melville suffered from an inability to write after Moby-Dick. The "narrative of Melville the Failed Poet," says Elizabeth Renker, is entirely misleading. Weaver used the phrase the "Long Quietus" to envision Melville's three decades of "prolific poetic production as an extended period of failing artistic power that amounted to nothing but silence." In fact, Renker argues, while Melville wrote fiction for only a little more than a decade, he wrote and published poems for more than 30 years.

Major publications

 * Reprinted in One Hundred Years of The Nation: A Centennial Anthology. Ed. Henry M. Christman and Abraham Feldman (New York: Macmillan, 1965), pp. 113–18.
 * . Frequently reprinted. Full online text Hathi Trust
 * Volumes in the "Pequod Edition," including

title: Raymond Weaver


text:
caponner

Etymology
From, from , from , , cognate with 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to act cowardly, be yellow, chicken
 * 2) to cat (raise anchor to cathead)

title: caponner


text:
toipuminen

Noun

 * 1) convalescence gradual healing after illness or injury.
 * 1) convalescence gradual healing after illness or injury.

title: toipuminen


text:
Voy

Voy is a settlement in the Orkney Islands of the north of Scotland. Voy is within the parish of Sandwick. The settlement is 3 mi north of the town of Stromness, and at the junction of the B9056 with the A967.

title: Voy


text:
Respublika

Respublika may refer to:
 * Respublika Party of Kyrgyzstan
 * Respublika (Kazakh activist organisation), first known in 2019
 * Respublika (Kazakh newspaper), created in 2000 and closed in 2012
 * Respublika (Lithuanian newspaper), created in 1989
 * Respublika (album), an album by the Ukrainians
 * Republic (республика), a type of subdivision in Russia

title: Respublika


text:
User:Spoom

Uberm00.net, my website. Not a lot on there right now, but there are some links to my current projects, like iBoard and Rantyblog.

I'm mostly working on the PHP Wikibook.

title: User:Spoom


text:
BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl

The Bank of China (Hong Kong) Bauhinia Bowl Award (中銀香港紫荊盃) is an annual award given by the Hong Kong Schools Sports Federation to member secondary schools of the Hong Kong Island and Kowloon Secondary Schools Regional Committee (HKSSRC). The award was established to encourage participation in inter-school sports competitions organised by the Regional Committee. In the 2018–19 season, 265 secondary schools with over 6,000 teams and 44,000 students participated in the 17 sporting competitions organised by the Regional Committee.

The BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl Award is sponsored by Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited, previously by Omega. The trophy was previously known as the Omega Rose Bowl which dated back to 1965, but has been known as the BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl since the 2002–03 season.

Type of schools
The BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl Awards are awarded separately to boys' schools, girls' schools, and co-educational schools. They are divided into two sections.

The BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl trophies are awarded to schools achieving the best all-round performance from all sporting events organised by the Regional Committee during the year. A total of 10 trophies will be awarded each year: Champion, Second place, and Most Progressed for girls' and boys' schools, and the same with an extra third-place trophy for co-educational schools.

The BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl Sportsboy/Sportsgirl of the Year statuette trophies are awarded to individuals who have contributed greatly to school sport in general and shown outstanding sporting ability during the year, with consideration given to sporting behaviour, character, and commitment to sport. Trophies are given to the Sportsboy and Sportsgirl of the year from single-sex boys' and girls' schools, and from co-ed schools. Scholarships are awarded by Bank of China (Hong Kong).

In case of doubt in classifying a member school to one of the above categories because of a special situation, the Regional Committee makes the final decision on classification. However, schools concerned are welcomed to express their views to the Regional Committee either by letter or presence at a Committee Meeting for this purpose.

The award
The award is divided into two sections:

Section One – BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl
Trophies will be awarded to schools achieving the best all-round performance from all sporting events organised by the Regional Committee each year. A total of 10 trophies will be awarded each year.

The trophies are all follows:-
 * 1) BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl (Champion) – Boys Schools
 * 2) BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl (Second) – Boys Schools
 * 3) BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl The Most Progressive Boys School – Boys Schools
 * 4) BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl (Champion) – Girls Schools
 * 5) BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl (Second) – Girls Schools
 * 6) BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl The Most Progressive Girls School – Girls Schools
 * 7) BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl (Champion) – Co-educational Schools
 * 8) BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl (Second) – Co-educational Schools
 * 9) BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl (Third) – Co-educational Schools
 * 10) BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl The Most Progressive Co-educational School – Co-educational Schools

In addition to the above awards, the following trophies will also be awarded commencing 2006 – 2007 season
 * 1) BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl (Third) – Boys' Schools
 * 2) BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl (Third) – Girls Schools
 * 3) BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl (Fourth) – Co-educational Schools
 * 4) BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl (Fifth) – Co-educational Schools
 * 5) BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl (Sixth) – Co-educational Schools
 * 6) BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl (Seventh) – Co-educational Schools
 * 7) BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl (Eighth) – Co-educational Schools

Section Two – BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl Sportsboy/Sportsgirl of the Year
These statuette trophies are awarded to the individual who has contributed greatly to his or her schools' sports in general and has shown outstanding ability in the field of sport during the year. In addition to good all-round achievement in sports, the candidate for the trophy must show a high standard of sportsmanship on and off the field. The candidate must have shown a willingness to help others, some kind of organising capacity, a sense of fair play and must be genuinely interested in furthering the spirit of competition and esprit-de-corps between member schools and Hong Kong Sports in general. Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited has very generously offered a scholarship to each Sportsboy/Sportsgirl of the Year. The trophies for Sportsboy/Sportsgirl of the Year are as follows:

 * 1) Sportsboy of the Year – Boys Schools
 * 2) Sportsgirl of the Year – Girls Schools
 * 3) Sportsboy of the Year – Co-educational Schools
 * 4) Sportsgirl of the Year – Co-educational Schools

Teaming and scoring system
The Teaming and Scoring System is at the official home page of the Hong Kong Schools Sports Federation.

title: BOCHK Bauhinia Bowl


text:
Talk:Sol Invictus (album)

Orphaned references in Sol Invictus (Faith No More album)
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Sol Invictus (Faith No More album)'s orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "facebook.com": From Faith No More: https://www.facebook.com/officialfnm/photos/a.479883298414.268692.16942753414/10153068004248415/?type=1&theater From Soundwave (Australian music festival): Soundwave Festival. 3 March 2011 at 20:01. Facebook.

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 09:50, 2 March 2015 (UTC)

“Patton drops slap bass”?
Is that meant seriosly: “On Sol Invictus, Patton drops the slap bass and rap techniques of prior releases, instead utilizing middle-range vocals.”? If any, this refers to FNM altogether, because Patton does not play bass in FNM. I'd like to change that replacing Patton by FNM. (Btw, this is a very uninformed statement, since FNM dropped slap bass techniques at King for a Day... and rapping at Angel Dust. And the source's claim that Rise of the Fall has a ska element is ridiculous. I don't know how to call the style of this song, but it is in no way ska.)--Einar Moses Wohltun (talk) 13:58, 18 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Well, all these years later and that rubbish is still there. I'd prefer to just get rid of the entire 'style' section altogether, but that's just meRobbmonster (talk) 04:48, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

O.A.F.
Anyone know who or what this mysterious O.A.F. is who is credited as co-writer on a couple of tracks?Robbmonster (talk) 10:11, 7 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sol Invictus (album)


text:
Orchid Project

The Orchid Project is a British charity which works towards ending female genital cutting (also known as female genital mutilation or FGC). The Orchid Project is based in London and primarily works to advocate for increased resources towards ending FGC and raising awareness about how the practice can end. They also have programmes with Tostan in West Africa, Feed the Minds in Kenya, and with Senegalese musician and activist Sister Fa.

History
Julia Lalla-Maharajh founded the Orchid Project after first encountering the issue of FGC in Ethiopia. Julia was volunteering with Voluntary Service Overseas and learned that 75% of women in Ethiopia had been cut. Lalla-Maharajh talked with local activists, all of whom said to her, "Please go, tell the world that this happens. This violates human rights and we need people to know about it."

Lalla-Maharajh returned to the UK and began campaigning against FGC. In 2010, she entered a video competition called the Davos Debates with a video about FGC. This led her to later meet Tostan's founder, Molly Melching. Lalla-Maharajh spent time working with Tostan in Senegal and Gambia before returning to the UK and setting up Orchid Project as a charity dedicated to ending FGC.

Goals

 * 1) Advocate to ensure stakeholders resource and prioritise an end to FGC.
 * 2) Communicate the potential for an end to FGC; raising awareness about how, why and where female genital cutting happens.
 * 3) Partner with organisations that deliver a sustainable, proven end to female genital cutting.

Advocacy
Orchid Project claims that they aim to secure attention and resources to be invested in ending female genital cutting by engaging with actors and decision-makers at every level–from grassroots, through to regional, national, and international actors. They argue that significant investment is needed if FGC is to end.

Communications
Orchid Project claims to raise awareness of FGC. The journalist Bidisha has said, "The work of The Orchid Project has been invaluable in showing, with great clarity, the reasons, history and arguments surrounding female genital cutting. For anyone learning about this issue, The Orchid Project is the first and best place to go".

Programmes
Orchid Project claims to partner with organisations that are working to end FGC through work that involves whole communities in ending the practice through a social norms led approach. Like UNICEF, Orchid Project believes that the best way to achieve this is through human rights-led education. They support this change through partnerships with organisations working at a grassroots level.

Hope that FGC can end
Julia Lalla-Maharajh states that: "Our vision is a world free from genital cutting, and we believe that’s possible within a generation". Orchid Project often cite similarities between how footbinding ended and FGC, and how the right conditions can motivate mass change. "As with footbinding, public declarations of abandonment are vital to solidify any commitment to ending FGC. When a group of people stand up and publicly declare that they will no longer practice FGC, they are held accountable by everyone" – Gerry Mackie.

Orchid Project have stated that FGC can end through the idea of "organised diffusion", where change is led by communities, and the process of dialogue between communities leads to social change.

title: Orchid Project


text:
User:Pudquick

Projects

 * Ben Brown (blogger)
 * Ben Brown (disambiguation)
 * Internet Rockstar
 * Internet rockstar

title: User:Pudquick


text:
St. Michael's and All Angels Church, Sandakan

St. Michael's and All Angels Church or for short St. Michael is an Anglican church in the city of Sandakan in the Malaysian state of Sabah in northern Borneo. St. Michael is the oldest stone church in Sabah. The impetus for the construction of the church dates back to the clergyman William Henry Elton, who is also known as the founder of St. Michael's Secondary School, located next to the church.

The church is also part of the Sandakan Heritage Trails, a Heritage Trail which connects the historic sights and monuments of Sandakan.

History
The North Borneo Chartered Company controlled North Borneo in 1881. The mostly British employees of the company desired for an Anglican church to be established. Initially, laymen were used to conduct religious ceremonies in a detached room in the Colonial Secretary's House and, if present, would take over the service from the highest-ranking government officials, Governor William Hood Treacher. William Burgess Pryer, founder of Sandakan and an active layman himself, already wrote in January 1883 a pleading letter to the head of the Anglican Communion, the Archbishop of Canterbury. During mid-1888, a news reached Sandakan that Reverend William Henry Elton was appointed as a priest for Sandakan.

Elton arrived in Sandakan on 2 September 1888. Governor Charles Vandeleur Creagh asked the religious authority to select a vacant piece of land for the construction of a mission station. Assisted by Von Donop, Elton explored in the following weeks around the forest and finally found a two-acre property, in which the construction of a temporary church with the associated vicariate, schools for boys and girls and the necessary outbuildings seemed suitable. His plan was unanimously adopted on 5 October 1888.

The church building is also the first completely built stone building in Sabah. The foundation stone was laid on 29 September 1893 by Governor Creagh and it took more than 30 years to complete.

When the plans of the New Zealand architect BW Mountfort were unveiled, Elton was hugely involved in choosing the materials. The use of Eusideroxylon zwageri (Bornean belian wood) would dramatically increase the cost of construction, while the usage of bricks was not considered to be cosmetically pleasing, so they finally agreed on a building made of stone blocks, specifically granite. While the white stones that adorn the windows and doors were imported from Hong Kong, the darker stones came from a quarry near Kampong Buli Sim Sim, where they were carved by prisoners at a cost of about 1.50 Straits dollar per cubic meter. One of the stone blocks is 30 cm in length and weighed about 63 kilograms.

The sanctification of the main nave was made on 30 September 1906 during Michaelmas. The western portal, which is the main entrance to the church, was not completed at that time and was consecrated only in 1925, 32 years after construction began. In May 1941 Rev Reuben Henthorne and Rev Denis W.A. Brown were interned by the Japanese. Services continued at the church until 1943 when it was closed and used as a store. The church was dynamited by the Japanese forces before surrender in 1945 as World War II ended, although the shell of the church remained standing. Reconstruction began soon after the war, and St Michael's is still one of the few historic stone buildings in Sabah. The coloured stained glass windows were donated to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the end of the World War II by Australians.

Memorial Stone
At the northwest corner of the church is a memorial stone erected in 1988, commemorating the 100th anniversary of the parish. On the stone, a metal plate is fitted with the inscription:

Below the plaque are two time capsules that are to be opened in 2038 and 2088.

Pastors and priests of St. Michael
Since the founding of the parish in 1888, the following persons acted as pastors and priests of St. Michael:

Literature

 * Reverend Brian Taylor: THE ELTON HILL ‘DIARY’ — The story of the founding of St. Michael’s Church (PDF; 3,1 MB) Lai Hing & Company, 1976
 * 75 Years on Elton Hill, The History of St. Michael’s Church Sandakan, North Borneo, hrsg. vom Church Council of St. Michael’s, Sandakan, 1963; Festschrift


text:
Service Wali Bahu

Service Wali Bahu (Translation: "Working Daughter-in-law"; international Title: Bride With Benefits) is an Indian television drama show, which premiered on 23 February 2015 and It airs on Zee TV. The show produced by Raakesh Paswan, under Village Boy Production. The show starring with Abhishek Rawat and Kratika Sengar in lead roles. The show also feature Akshara Singh, Vineet Kumar Chaudhary, Atul Srivastava, Pratichee Mishra, Ramakanth Daayama and Meena Mir in pivotal roles.

Cast

 * Abhishek Rawat as Dev Jogeshwar Prasad
 * Kratika Sengar Dheer as Payal Dev Prasad
 * Vineet Kumar Chaudhary as Ayodhya Prasad
 * Atul Srivastava as Jogeshwar Prasad(Natru), Payal's Father-in-law/Dev's Father
 * Akshara Singh as Gulkand Ayodhya Prasad
 * Rammakanth Daayama as Bhuvneshwar Rai, Payal's Father
 * Pratichee Mishra as Santoshi Prasad, Payal's Mother-in-law
 * Meena Mir as Indu Rai
 * Rocky Verma as Dubeyji (Secretary)

Production and casting
The show is produced by Raakesh Paswan, under his own Village Boy Productions. The show feature actors Abhishek Rawat and Kratika Sengar in lead roles. Actor Abhishek Rawat is playing the role of Dev, a jobless person, And actress Kratika Sengar is playing the role of Payal, a civil engineer. The show also feature actors in pivotal roles; Bhojpuri actress Akshara Singh, who is playing Payal's sister-in-law, Gulkand, And actor Vineet Kumar Chaudhary is playing Ayodhya, Gulkand's husband, And actors Atul Srivastava and Pratichee Mishra is playing Dev's parents Jogeshwar and Santoshi Prasad, And Ramakanth Daayama and Meena Mir is playing Payals' parents Bhubneshwar and Indu Rai.

The show was promoted in Delhi on 20 February 2015.

title: Service Wali Bahu


text:
Just Feel Better

"Just Feel Better" was the second international single to be released from Santana's 2005 album All That I Am. The song features lead vocals by Aerosmith frontman Steven Tyler, also signed to Sony Music Entertainment. The song is produced by John Shanks and written by Jamie Houston, Buck Johnson and Damon Johnson. The single achieved reasonable success in Australia, debuting at Number 8 on the ARIA chart and receiving significant airplay. In Australia it has been on Rage (ABC) and videohits (channel 10) a number of times.

The song was also recorded with Puddle of Mudd frontman Wes Scantlin on vocals but Santana said he felt Tyler did it better, with more emotion, although he liked both renditions. In 2010, Damon Johnson recorded his own version of the song for his album Release.

This song is shown to be playing on the first generation iPod Nano on its packaging box.

Music video
The music video stars Nikki Reed as a girl with various troubles, including a teacher who makes sexual advances towards her and a strained relationship with her mother. At the end, she finally meets a nice guy but who is suddenly killed in an accident, which drives her to make amends with her mother and work harder in school.

APRA Awards
The APRA Awards are presented annually from 1982 by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA).

 * 2007 || "Feel Better" (Burleigh Johnson, Damon Johnson, James Scoggin) – Santana featuring Steven Tyler || Most Performed Foreign Work || Won
 * 2007 || "Feel Better" (Burleigh Johnson, Damon Johnson, James Scoggin) – Santana featuring Steven Tyler || Most Performed Foreign Work || Won

title: Just Feel Better


text:
1971 in Thailand

The year 1971 was the 190th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 26th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2514 in the Buddhist Era.

Incumbents

 * King: Bhumibol Adulyadej
 * Crown Prince: (vacant)
 * Prime Minister: Thanom Kittikachorn
 * Supreme Patriarch:
 * until 18 December: Ariyavangsagatayana V

title: 1971 in Thailand


text:
Category:Colombian people of South American descent

This category page lists articles of citizens of Colombia who have South American (other than the Colombian) ancestry or national origin.


text:
Sahlabad, Nishapur

Sahlabad (, also Romanized as Sahlābād; also known as Şāleḩābād and Sālihābād) is a village in Mazul Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 237, in 67 families.

title: Sahlabad, Nishapur


text:
Digital Puppet Animation

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 50%; background-color: BlanchedAlmond; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="2" |

Mostly free software
In this course, we will create a movie using Digital Puppets and a scenery generator.

For this course, I will recommend software which is free or very low cost. If you want to do more, contact me before you buy anything.

 * style="width: 50%; background-color: Lavender; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 10px;" |

Basic requirements

 * DAZ Studio for character animation - free
 * Bryce 5.5 for scenery generation - free
 * AfterEffects (not free) for compositing

 * }

{| cellpadding="30" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #ffffe8; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="2" |

This course : Digital Puppet Animation

 * History
 * Digital Puppets (also know as Poser figures) is a unique form of 3D animation. We will use digital puppets to create a motion pictures based on everything you have learned so far.

 * Prerequisites
 * To begin this class, you must have completed all the other courses. This is because you will need the animatic which you created in the course on Basic Filmmaking which relies on the editing course and the film scoring course.

 * Animation vs. Live Action
 * When you attend film school, you will learn all about live action filming. You will learn to work in a team and become a team player.

 * Therefore, for this course, you will work alone to create the entire motion picture by using digital actors on your personal computer.

 * style="width: 40%; background-color: cornsilk; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 10px;" |

Casting
The first step will be to find the digital actors you want for your motion picture. This requires the same care as casting live action actors. You need to find the characters which help tell the story you want to tell.

When you select the characters, these characters will greatly shape the meaning of the motion picture.

Also the selection of the characters for your motion picture will decide what kind of voices you need for the characters.

As an example, look at the list of possible characters for this movie. See how each of the options gives a completely new feeling to the motion picture.
 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 55%; background-color: BlanchedAlmond; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="3" |

Digital Puppet magazine

 * For background information on Digital Puppets, download some of the old copies of this magazine.

The most current issue

Download it here!

 * Download the PDF files (1.7 megs) [[Media:Digital Puppet magazine N9.pdf|Digital Puppet magazine Number 9 - Winter 2006.pdf]]

 * style="width: 45%; background-color: Lavender; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 10px;" |

 * Download the PDF files (.8 megs) [[Media:Digital Puppet magazine N8.pdf|Digital Puppet magazine Number 8 - Winter 2005.pdf]]

 * style="width: 45%; background-color: Lavender; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 10px;" |
 * style="width: 45%; background-color: Lavender; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 10px;" |

 * Download the PDF files (.7 megs) [[Media:Digital Puppet magazine N7.pdf|Digital Puppet magazine Number 7 - Summer 2004.pdf]]

 * }

title: Digital Puppet Animation


text:
Alflen (surname)

Alflen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Loek Alflen (1933–2015), Dutch sport wrestler
 * Rob Alflen (born 1968), Dutch footballer and manager
 * Ted Alflen (born 1946), American football player

title: Alflen (surname)


text:
Krasny May

Krasny May (Красный Май) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Pavlozavodsky Selsoviet, Pavlovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 219 as of 2013. There are 3 streets.

Geography
Krasny May is located 13 km east of Pavlovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sibirskiye Ogni and Chernopyatovo are the nearest rural localities.

title: Krasny May


text:
Phaedropsis venadialis

Phaedropsis venadialis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Schaus in 1920. It is found in Mexico (Sinaloa).

Description
The wingspan is about 15 mm. The wings are yellow with black lines. The base of the costa and cell of the forewings are fuscous. There is a fine short basal streak below the cell and an antemedial line outbent in the cell, vertical below it to the inner margin, followed in the cell by a white spot edged with black.

title: Phaedropsis venadialis


text:
Robotics/Environment Sensors

Environment sensors are sensors that detect and interpret things in the outside world (such as obstacles, sounds, and signs) or about the outside world (such as temperature, pressure, and viscosity).

Some of the more common kinds of environment sensors are discussed here.

Object Sensors
There are several sensors that are designed to determine the location and size of various objects in the world.
 * Digital cameras can, with enough processing power, locate specific objects in their field of view.
 * Tactile sensors can detect how much force is being applied to a specific point.
 * Distance sensors use various methods to determine the distance to the nearest object in a given direction.

Media Sensors
Some sensors detect properties of the immediate environment, such as:
 * Temperature
 * Pressure & Sound

title: Robotics/Environment Sensors


text:
Sands Directory

The Sands Directories, also published as the Sands and Kenny Directory and the Sands and McDougall Directory were annual publications in Australia.

They listed household, business, society, and Government contacts in Melbourne, Adelaide and Sydney including some rural areas of Victoria and New South Wales from the 1850s. City directories are an important resource for historical research, allowing individual addresses and occupations to be linked to specific streets and suburbs.

Publisher
John Sands (1818-1873) was an engraver, printer and stationer. Born in England he moved to Sydney in 1837. Sands formed several business partnerships, in 1851 with his brother-in-law Thomas Kenny, and in 1860 with Dugald McDougall with the business being known as Sands, Kenny & Co. Directory titles changed as the publisher changed partners, and at different points the Sands Directories were also published as the 'Sands and Kenny' or 'Sands and McDougall Directories'.

Sands, Kenny & Co's commercial and general Melbourne directory
The first Melbourne Directory was published by Sands and Kenny in 1857. By 1858 the second edition of the directory was distributed to public libraries in the major seaports of Great Britain, Ireland, the United States of America, and Canada. From 1862 to 1974 the Melbourne directories were published as the Sands and McDougall Melbourne Directory.

The 1860 Melbourne directory was 400 pages long and contained over 10,000 entries.

Sands Sydney, Suburban and Country Commercial Directory
The Sands Sydney, Suburban and Country Commercial Directory, first published in 1858, included a variety of information including street addresses and businesses, farms and country towns, stock numbers (e.g. horses, cattle and sheep on each station) as well as information about public watering places including dams, tanks and wells. With the primary function of post office directory it provides lists of householders, businesses, public institutions and officials.

The Sydney editions of the directory, covering the state of New South Wales, were published each year from 1858–59 to 1932–33. There were four years when the directory did not appear during this time, they were 1872, 1874, 1878 and 1881. The directory is arranged by municipalities in which properties were located, listing the primary householder street by street. As a consequence, the household and business information in the directories is used for research into Sydney history, with particular application for genealogical research.

By 1909 the Sydney directory contained over 1700 pages. The full title of the 1913 edition of the directory of Sydney is Sands Sydney, Suburban and Country Directory for 1913 comprising, amongst other information, street, alphabetical, trade and professional, country towns, country alphabetical, pastoral, educational, governmental, parliamentary, law and miscellaneous lists.

Sands & McDougall's South Australian directory
Sands and McDougall arrived in Adelaide in 1883. They took over the directory previously published by Josiah Boothby, publishing their first South Australian directory in January 1884. The Sands & McDougall's Directory of South Australia was published from 1884 to 1974.

title: Sands Directory


text:
Joost de Blank

Joost de Blank (14 November 1908 – 1 January 1968) was a Dutch-born British Anglican bishop. He was the Archbishop of Cape Town, South Africa from 1957 to 1963 and was known as the "scourge of apartheid" for his ardent opposition to the whites-only policies of the South African government.

Education
De Blank was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands, on 14 November 1908, he became a British subject as a child in 1921. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, King's College London, and Queens' College, Cambridge.

Clerical career
He was ordained after a period of study at Ridley Hall, Cambridge in 1932 and began his career as a Curate in Bath. De Blank held incumbencies at Forest Gate and Greenhill, Harrow. During World War II he was an army chaplain.

In 1952 he was appointed the Bishop of Stepney in the Diocese of London and continued in this post until he was translated to Cape Town.

During this bishopric, de Blank, visited Ruth Ellis in prison just before she was hanged, for the murder of David Blakeley in 1955, when she told him, "It is quite clear to me that I was not the person who shot him. When I saw myself with the revolver I knew I was another person." These comments were quoted in a London evening paper of the time, The Star.

South Africa
He succeeded Geoffrey Clayton as Archbishop of Cape Town in 1957. In South Africa, he refused to preach in any church not open to blacks as well as whites. He opposed clause 29 of Natives Law Amendment Bill, which gave the civil authorities powers to exclude non-whites from Anglican churches. In 1960 De Blank called on the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK) to repudiate apartheid, and in the same year criticised the South African jubilee celebrations: "This is no time for rejoicing, but for shame".

De Blank suffered a stroke which caused him to resign from Cape Town in 1963. He returned to Britain whereupon he was appointed a residentiary canon of Westminster Abbey.

Honours and awards

 * Appointed a sub-prelate of the Venerable Order of Saint John in 1952.
 * Appointed canon of Westminster Abbey in 1964.

De Blank died at Westminster on 1 January 1968 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Styles

 * The Reverend Joost de Blank (1932–1952)
 * The Right Reverend Joost de Blank (1952–1957 & 1963–1968)
 * The Most Reverend Joost de Blank (1957–1963)

title: Joost de Blank


text:
Der Mondabend

"Der Mondabend" ("The moonlit evening") is a poem by Johann Gottfried Kumpf, who published his poetry under the pseudonym Ermin in Carinthia (periodical), a periodical he had founded in 1811.

In 1815 Franz Schubert set "Der Mondabend" for voice and piano. It was first published in 1830 in Vienna, as No. 1 of Op. posth. 131. Later the song was known as D 141. The other two songs of Op. 131 were D (for tenor, men's choir and piano), and 23 (for voice and piano). The only other poem by Kumpf that was set by Schubert was "Mein Gruß an den Mai", D 305.

"Der Mondabend", WAB 200, is a reminiscence – in the same key (A major), meter and first four notes – of Schubert's "Der Mondabend", that Anton Bruckner composed for Aloisia Bogner c. 1850.

title: Der Mondabend


text:
User:Janet~enwikiversity

I do technical writing to earn money, and write books for kids in my spare time. I signed up for Wikiversity to study literature. For the time when I feel ready to contribute, I'm thinking of two possible courses at Wikiversity: Children's Literature (reading and discussion), and Creative Writing for kids.

title: User:Janet~enwikiversity


text:
Talk:Bachelor of Science in Physics

I'd like to help in this. See Portal talk:Physical Sciences for a coordination suggestion --Jorge 00:46, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

The courses should have a partial order, by prerequisites, don't you think? --Jorge 15:43, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

Astrophysics/'& Astronomy' Concentration
I think it might be interesting to try and offer a Bachelor of Science in Physics (Astrophysics) or something equivalent/similar, such as B.S. in Physics and Astronomy. We seem to have a good bit of material on Astro topics and it might be easy-ish to integrate the two. Marx01 (discuss • contribs) 02:19, 26 June 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bachelor of Science in Physics


text:
Talk:Declan McGonagle

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Declan McGonagle. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101326/http://coc2013.sebulba.webtechis.com/Our-2013-Bid/Voices/Declan-McGonagle.aspx to http://coc2013.sebulba.webtechis.com/Our-2013-Bid/Voices/Declan-McGonagle.aspx#sthash.YcuOpgzp.dpuf

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:34, 9 December 2016 (UTC)

New edits
This section was empty in the article so I'll put it here until it has info.

2017 - Galway City of Culture

Hesperian Nguyen (talk) 23:54, 11 March 2019 (UTC)

 * Hi, I overhauled this pretty heavily. I removed most of the self \-promotion sounding stuff, added a very necessary 'Controversy' section, many active supporting citations, etc. I am removing the banner for overuse of quotes from the subject.  Although I think the article needs more editing. Hesperian Nguyen (talk)

Massive Blanking
Putting this conversation from user page <IP_ADDRESS> here after the second case of massive blanking of the same content by 'non-user' Irish IP addresses:

Hello, I'm LuK3. I noticed that you recently removed content from Declan McGonagle without adequately explaining why. In the future, it would be helpful to others if you described your changes to Wikipedia with an accurate edit summary. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the removed content has been restored. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. --   LuK3      (Talk)   23:50, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * I would suspect LuK3 that these edits were an attempt to cover the subject's history by the subject himself. Hesperian Nguyen (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 19:11, 14 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Further on this point LuK3 another 'anonymous' user under an Irish IP address <IP_ADDRESS> blanked an entire section about one of the same issues: The NCAD controversy. Smells fishy to me. Hesperian Nguyen (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 23:51, 6 November 2019 (UTC)

Hesperian Nguyen (talk)

 * JBW and LuK3 we have a third massive blanking of the same section from an Irish IP address at <IP_ADDRESS>. Maybe time to protect the page. Hesperian Nguyen (talk)  —Preceding undated comment added 22:56, 16 November 2019 (UTC)

 * Additionally, the claim of bias and "unsubstantiated and malicious text" is referring to information sourced from the Irish national TV network RTÉ, The Irish Times, or The Sunday Times. Hesperian Nguyen (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 23:07, 16 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for that information. When I posted a talk page warning to one of the IP addresses I had seen only the most recent editing, and had no idea it went back to January 2018. (Or maybe even more? I haven't looked further back than that.) I have semi-protected the article for 2 years. JBW (talk) Formerly JamesBWatson 17:29, 17 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Thank you JBW. I also haven't checked back further... not necessary now though. Hesperian Nguyen (talk)  —Preceding undated comment added 17:40, 17 November 2019 (UTC)

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:29, 26 November 2019 (UTC)LuK3 Hesperian Nguyen JBW It is. So out of the sources listed, and the vast information about the subject within each of those media outlets, you’re telling us that this is all you could find that was relevant to post here about the subject; on a public forum encyclopedia which can be used as a reference point? Why have you only focused on what are primarily negatives of a career that is a lot more than "controversies" as you state? Do you create a section like this for all people you claim not to know? To very specifically state that you are not a graduate of NCAD is quite odd for someone who says they are not based in Ireland or the arts. And stating that after you published a photo directly linked to NCAD and credited it as 'your own work'? Next you will be saying you have never been on Thomas Street or don’t know that the gates of NCAD are blue.

You have not given a full history here at all, rather a brief and short back history which discounts a lot of information, followed by a detailed section created around your own viewpoint. For example, no where in the NCAD article linked does it say "McGonagle was effectively forced to resign from NCAD…” yet you have stated that here as fact. This is your opinion, not fact and is extremely misleading.

To then block the page from any edits is risible. As I said before you clearly have a grievance with the subject that has no place here. Why else would you overhaul a page that was full of facts and real quotes with citations/references/links to articles? As you wrote yourself on March 11th 2019 at 23:54: "I overhauled this pretty heavily. I removed most of the self \-promotion sounding stuff, added a very necessary 'Controversy’ section.” These are facts that can't be changed by opinions, and ones that don’t need to be manipulated in any way. The only person suppressing relevant information here is you. <IP_ADDRESS>

 * <IP_ADDRESS> The only issue here is your repeated massive blanking of well sourced information (some of which I merely moved or shortened from previous contributions). I do appreciate your specific recommendations on language and indeed this Talk page is exactly for that. I would recommend that you continue making further productive recommendations here on the talk page and to set up an account to do so. Hesperian Nguyen (talk)

title: Talk:Declan McGonagle


text:
Talk:Luck (2022 film)

Originally Irish character for Bob?
The Scottish accent done by Simon Pegg for main character Bob, seems at odds with the Irish stereotypes all over the project. Any info on this? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:09, 25 July 2022 (UTC)

 * he's actully british. in the film, he pretend to be scottish to avoid losing his last life. BMA-Nation2020 (talk) 00:39, 29 October 2022 (UTC)
 * @BMA-Nation2020 Scottish is also British 🙂 <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:09, 30 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @BMA-Nation2020 thanks for letting me know that the accent is linked to a plot point👍 the Scottish thing did seem strange <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:11, 30 November 2022 (UTC)

Does anyone have a source about 'Luck' having a budget of $200 million?
Someone wrote that budget number and I deleted it due to lack of source. Does anyone actually have a source that this film cost $200 million to make? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:31, 9 August 2022 (UTC)

"Luck (upcoming film)" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Luck (upcoming film) and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 August 10 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Steel1943 (talk) 22:23, 10 August 2022 (UTC)

Budget
Hey, @Indagate i've checked the site and it said that The final budget is more than $140 million, according to a studio source, but less than that of a typical Disney or Pixar animated movie, which usually exceeds $200 million. so basically, it got people confused it it's 140-200 or 140 million. BMA-Nation2020 (talk) 02:47, 12 August 2022 (UTC)

 * Yeah, that's the quote I used to say 140-200. We can't say it's just either number because the source says it's somewhere inbetween so I'd say should state that range. Thanks, Indagate (talk) 07:09, 12 August 2022 (UTC)

Korean screening
https://www.instagram.com/p/ChPbsQuhg_D/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link it turns out from this source, there was a spiecal screening of Luck in Korea. Should it be possible that Luck was out in select theaters as well? BMA-Nation2020 (talk) 00:42, 26 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Luck (2022 film)


text:
Botany/Conifer structure laboratory

Chapter 14. Pinophyta Reproduction Laboratory ~ Cones
Questions 1. What is the advantage of the difference between male and female cones? << Return to Chapter 14
 * Read Structure of conifer cones ~ material to be eventually ported over for a laboratory exercise here.

title: Botany/Conifer structure laboratory


text:
in the reign of Queen Dick

Etymology
Since Dick is a man's name, it would never be borne by a queen.

Prepositional phrase

 * 1)  when pigs fly; never

title: in the reign of Queen Dick


text:
Uira (disambiguation)

Uira can refer to

 * UIRA, a project to create an open-source animation software
 * Te Uira, a personification of lightning in Māori mythology.

title: Uira (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Wilson's disease/Archive 1

Basal ganglia
No mention of the basal ganglia? --David Iberri (talk) 20:32, 29 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I added a brief mention of the basal ganglia and the Parkinsonian symptoms that result. --David Iberri (talk) 18:32, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

El Salvador
What is the most reliable source for this disease's high incidence in Central America, specifically El Salvador? JFW | T@lk  11:13, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Still haven't found a good source for the statistic presently mentioned in the article. OMIM makes no mention of it. Perhaps we should remove it. JFW | T@lk  15:55, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

After 1.5 years I think we can safely say that this was a hoax. I have again searched PubMed, Google and OMIM for this, and nothing was found. JFW | T@lk  10:15, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

"Sick euthyroid syndrome"
Is it worth mentioning that this is not "Wilson's thyroid syndrome," - apparently a source of confusion at Talk:Hypothyroidism ? --apers0n 12:00, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

Presentation of symptoms after age 50
In the July 1999 Newsletter of the Wilson's Disease Association there is a story about a case that did not present symptoms until age 58. BellyOption 23:37, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

 * In the UK we stop getting Wilson screens on liver patients above the age of 45, unless suspicion is high. Is one case (in a non-scientific publication) going to determine the content of this article? JFW | T@lk  23:55, 10 September 2006 (UTC)
 * The viewpoint on Wilson's is changing somewhat -- we're viewing it more as a rare disease that can present at any time, even though most present before the age of 35. Eve Roberts' AASLD guideline from 2003 started to address this: AASLD guideline.  I've got one patient diagnosed in his early 50's.  The Michigan group has many patients diagnosed in their late forties and fifties -- Samir धर्म  09:26, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

Gut article
- a comprehensive case series looking at diagnosis and prognosis. Waiting for fulltext. JFW | T@lk  01:28, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

 * There is also a recent seminar in the Lancet (Lancet 2007; 369: 397-408). Presently at home, but will get fulltext at work and edit the article. JFW | T@lk  07:13, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

More on Wilson
- image and short biography. JFW | T@lk  13:12, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

 * suggests the copper:coeruloplasmin ratio might be useful. JFW | T@lk  10:43, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

 * is a free recent (2004) review. I will preferentially use Ala 2007 but Ferenci may serve as a backup. JFW | T@lk  10:44, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

Given that Ala2007 is a bit low on neurological diagnosis, may be of additive benefit. JFW | T@lk  11:26, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

 * seems to be looking at genotype-phenotype interaction, but I cannot access this and probably will not. JFW | T@lk  11:28, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

Other copper diseases
We need to mention:
 * North American Indian childhood cirrhosis (CIRH1A-related)
 * Endemic Tyrolean infantile cirrhosis (OMIM 215600, KRT8 and KRT18-related)
 * Idiopathic copper toxicosis ("non-Indian") - OMIM suggests that this has not been linked yet.

These are copper storage diseases distinct from Wilson's that may all lead to childhood cirrhosis. JFW | T@lk  11:16, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

Zinc
Walshe indicates that zinc was initially pioneered in the Netherlands. We probably ought to mention Walshe's own role in introducing trien and molybdenum. JFW | T@lk  11:05, 18 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Done. Now what to do with http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/1818.html - it seems that Westphal and Strumpell already made some observations, and one report I came across even suggests that they anticipated the role of copper. These observations are not mentioned in most English-language reviews on Wilson's, and I'm a bit hesitant to overemphasise the possible role of these admittedly legendary physicians. JFW | T@lk  13:37, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

 * It's OK, the Robertson citation covers all bases. I wasn't aware that eight of SAKW's patients had been quoted from the literature! JFW | T@lk  13:58, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

Copper metabolism
I'm doing a section on copper metabolism that could probably be replicated in copper. I'm mostly using DeBie2007, but the perfect source would of course be. The same author has written much on copper metabolism, but none of the papers in question are available free. JFW | T@lk  16:32, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Saw the questions regarding hemolytic anemia and thought this might help:
 * "Within RBCs copper may damage the cell membrane, accelerate oxidation of hemoglobin, and inactivate enzymes of the pentose-phosphate and glycolytic pathways. Which of these abnormalities is responsible for the shortened RBC survival is not known.

 * .... The release of inorganic copper into the circulation accounts for the occurance of hemolytic anemia in Wilson disease." Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, 11th Edition, Chapter 38

 * "Free copper can interfere with glucose metabolism by hexokinase inhibition and alternatively can generate oxidative hemolysis, perhaps by acting as a Fenton reagent." Hoffman: Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice, 3rd Edition.

 * Sincerely Nomen Nescio Gnothi seauton 17:23, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

BAL
I wasn't aware that BAL was still being used for refractory cases: (also a beautiful story about keeping an open mind). JFW | T@lk  15:59, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

Still to do
Before I submit this for peer review and WP:GAC:
 * Mention that asymptomatic people with evidence of copper overload are still treated - ✅
 * Try to fix the copper metabolism image to actually scale properly (may need to upload a small version) - ✅ (thumbnailed instead)
 * Perhaps an image to illustrate the location of the basal ganglia - ✅
 * We need to mention BAL somewhere as a treatment of last resort - ✅
 * More information on why neuropsychiatric Wilson's is generally regarded as a poor indication for liver transplant (Ala et al discuss this in fair detail) ✅ - Not an awful lot left to say
 * We need to list the other inherited copper overload disorders somewhere - ✅ - sourced to De Bie

More probably to come. JFW | T@lk  12:04, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

Prevalence
The lead states prevalence as between 1 in 30,000 and 1 in 100,000 people, not sure but think it's be clearer to have one figure e.g. 'between 1 - 4 in 100,000' LeeVJ (talk) 23:43, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Done. I will try again to get the image to scale nicely. What are the defaults for image sizes? JFW | T@lk  16:41, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

Psych prevalences
The top of ==Signs and symptoms== says 34% with neurological problems, but === Neuropsychiatric symptoms === says "about half". These numbers are not sufficiently similar to make me confident in them.

At the top of ==Signs==, did you calculate those numbers from Table 2? You might want to recalculate them, noting that the fourth column doesn't sum correctly. (18 ≠ 7+10+0) I get 35.5%, 58.4%, and 6.0% (neuro, liver, and none) -- or, with a more reasonable level of precision, given the total n, "about a third, about three-fifths, and a small proportion." WhatamIdoing (talk) 05:56, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

 * See next entry. JFW | T@lk  08:25, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

Mean ages
I think that the standard deviations are rather large (about ten years) for us to be quite this precise with the mean ages. The "15.5" really means "more or less as a teenager," and the "20.2" means "as a teenager or a younger adult." Could we perhaps change that to something like "a mean age of approximately 15, ±10 years" or "a mean age of 20 (with a standard deviation of about 10 years)" instead?

(I'll leave the question about why the authors used the mean age, instead of the median, for the letters page in Gut.) I've only read through the ==Diagnosis== section and am out of time for now. WhatamIdoing (talk) 05:56, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The problem of the Merle study is the fact that it's a case series from one catchment area, presumably with specific mutations. That makes the statistics relatively uninteresting (because they might not hold true for patients in the USA, China or elsewhere). I have simply removed all the numbers; we should use Ala and Roberts for the "grander picture". JFW | T@lk  08:25, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

Genetics
In the category of "One of these things is not like the other:"

 * The first paragraph in this section says that 30% of patients have a single copy of the mutated gene.
 * The last paragraph says that it's (always) autosomal recessive and (always) requires two abnormal copies.

Can we reconcile these somehow? WhatamIdoing (talk) 06:02, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I like your Sesame Street reference! This may have to do with being able to actually detect mutations. I am not sure if there is actually a small group of patients who are heterozygous but in a way that is severe enough to still cause frank WD; the sources don't mention this possibility, so I am led to be believe that my first statement is true.
 * Thanks for your ongoing input. JFW | T@lk  06:29, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Pathophysiology
Just three things to say here:
 * 1) Are fibrosis and cirrhosis really different in this context?  (Does the fibrosis appear outside of the liver?)  Would it be appropriate to simplify it (them) down to "scar tissue"?
 * 2) The color change on the Copper atom in the image is cool:  it goes from "orange" to "green".  Is the starting color actually accurate?  Does the atom go from Cu1+ to Cu2+ (or make other suitable changes)?
 * 3) The bit starting "Wilson's disease is the commonest of a group of diseases..." doesn't really seem to be in the right section.  Should it move to ==Related conditions== or perhaps the lead (as part of context setting)? WhatamIdoing (talk) 06:45, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Fibrosis is reversible, cirrhosis is not. I'll try to fix this.
 * The color change is completely arbitrary. In fact, the orange ball is a food bolus, while the green colour was actually intended to be ATP7B carrying the copper. I will clarify it in the caption, and (when I get home) remove the orange ball. To my knowledge, the valence remains unchanged.
 * I will move the other copper toxicity conditions elsewhere.
 * JFW | T@lk  09:49, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Irony
Just for the irony of the thing: Drwilson.com. JFW | T@lk  09:49, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Name Nomenclature
Since all disease names based on a last name have been changed to not include the apostrophe s at the end, shouldn't Wilson's disease be listed as Wilson disease? Although I can't find a direct source for this change, a search in PubMed will show that it is listed as Wilson disease in the majority of the latest articles. Lynx8 (talk) 17:14, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The change is not universal and seems to happen idiosyncratically. Wikipedia tends to stick with whatever the first author chose, unless there's a really good reason to change, and just create redirects for other possible spellings.  See Talk:Down_syndrome for a good example of a very similar debate.  WhatamIdoing (talk) 18:03, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Wrapping up first review
Under ==Treatment==:
 * In the case of paradoxical symptom exacerbation, is trien a replacement for penicillamine treatment, or in addition to it? Do symptoms abate under the new regimen?
 * ✅ It is a replacement. I have clarified. JFW | T@lk  12:53, 1 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Is zinc acetate specifically necessary, or is any normal vitamin/mineral formulation of zinc good enough?
 * ✅ Sources don't state this specifically. It seems any zinc will do. JFW | T@lk  12:53, 1 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Can zinc treatment be started on day one, or is it delayed until the end of chelation therapy?
 * ❌ Sources don't state whether zinc is taken from diagnosis. I'd prefer to stick with the present version, as I am not certain that zinc will not interfere with the other drugs. JFW | T@lk  12:53, 1 June 2008 (UTC)
 * The term side effect is not so commonly hyphenated these days. Is this more common in British English?  (It's ultimately unimportant to me, so I didn't change it.)
 * ✅ Not sure what happened; I never use a hyphen (except when I do, clearly). JFW | T@lk  12:53, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

From ==Other species==:
 * "In other human copper accumulation states..." -- shouldn't that say just "In human copper accumulation states..."?
 * ✅ Well, the aim of that study was to see if non-Wilsonian copper accumulation could be attributed to COMM1 mutations. JFW | T@lk  12:53, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

From MEDMOS:
 * Genetics and Pathophys usually come before Diagnosis in the usual order of sections. The suggested order is not binding, of course.
 * ❌ I think "diagnosis" must come before going into detail about the disease process. I agree that MEDMOS follows a slightly more logical order (you must know what causes the disease before showing how its presence is demonstrated) but I tend to deviate here. JFW | T@lk  12:53, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

 * If you wanted, you could create sections on Screening, Prognosis, and Epidemiology. Screening and epidemiology information is already present in the article.  Do you have information about the prognosis?  (Note that I consider the creation of what will inevitably be short sections here to be entirely optional.)
 * Screening is not really performed other than case finding; I'm loathe to repeat the old chestnuts about inappropriateness of screening unless "Wilson-Jungner criteria" are met (hey, another Wilson!). My sources are very vague on prognosis, and I can therefore not say much about it. Epidemiology would be a very small paragraph that presently is best integrated with the introduction and with the genetics section. JFW | T@lk  12:53, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

Overall, I think this article looks pretty good -- quite a nice little example of your excellent work. WhatamIdoing (talk) 19:03, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your help! JFW | T@lk  12:53, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I've reviewed the changes and think it all looks great. The GA reviewer should have an easy time with this one.  WhatamIdoing (talk) 20:57, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

OK then, I'll post notes here....GA review
Right. I'll get to it a little later. Just got home. Will add some stuff to start with. Cheers, Casliber (talk · contribs) 07:24, 4 June 2008 (UTC)
 * this manifests itself with... (bolded bit redundant) --> this manifests as../ this results in... (take your pick) ✅
 * If two carriers both pass on an abnormal gene to a child, this child may develop Wilson's disease. - I'd use the passive here as it aligns the subject of both sentences. Try "If a child inherits the gene from both parents, he or she/they may develop Wilson's disease." ✅
 * The prevalence of Wilson's disease is between 1 and 4 in 100,000 people. - you could rewrite this in plainer English using the definition of prevalence. ✅
 * A small proportion is identified  - is/are with 'proportion', I am confused, why not use 'number' then it is an unambiguous plural... ✅
 * Under Liver disease, I would have thought spider naevi were a sign not a symptom, but here they are listed with symptoms...better to say they are found on examination? Maybe there should be a line or two on examination findings here. ✅ (I suppose people would notice spider naevi and find them cosmetically unappealing JFW | T@lk  15:33, 4 June 2008 (UTC))
 * Wilson's disease may be suspected on the basis of any of the medical conditions mentioned above, or when a close relative has been found to have Wilson's. - change 2nd mention to 'condtion' or something. ✅
 * If the liver damage is marked, - say 'pronounced' or 'significant' here. Marked sounds odd when used in this way and not directly next to the noun. ✅
 * There is no perfect test for Wilson's disease - 'perfect' sounds odd. Maybe 'There is no perfectly reliable...' or 'totally reliable' or somesuch

I need to sleep now. Wil continue from Liver biopsy tomorrow....zzzzzzzzz

 * Sleep well Casliber. All your recommendations addressed and marked ✅. Looking forward to more of your stylistic advice! JFW | T@lk  15:33, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

More...
 * If all or some other investigations... - bolded bit redundant? ✅
 * ..is diagnostic for.. - now this is tricky. As doctors, you and I know this means 'confirms'. I wonder whether it does for laypeople. ✅
 * lower levels are possible and the results of all other tests taken together still lead to a formal diagnosis of Wilson's - this is a bit ungainly. A comma after 'possible' is needed here, maybe that will be enough but might still need to be reworded a little for flow. ✅ (Rephrased, but agree that it's a tad convoluted. JFW | T@lk  13:22, 5 June 2008 (UTC))
 * In the earlier stages of the disease, steatosis (deposition of fatty material) is observed, increased glycogen in the nucleus, and focal areas of necrosis (cell death). - needs reorganizing. ✅ (Improved flow of sentence. JFW | T@lk  13:22, 5 June 2008 (UTC))
 * In more advanced disease, the biopsy shows changes quite similar to those seen in autoimmune hepatitis, such as infiltration by inflammatory cells, piecemeal necrosis and fibrosis. - could remove bolded bits and just say 'there are' or something. ✅
 * In advanced disease, finally, cirrhosis is observed. --> try 'Cirrhosis is seen in advanced (end-stage?) disease.' ✅ (Rephrased slightly. JFW | T@lk  13:22, 5 June 2008 (UTC))
 * Genetic testing - I guess this section could be expanded - how widely available is the test, how much does it cost (well, cheap or expensive etc.) to flesh out this slim subheading. I was going to say merge with the genetics section, but that doesn't work out so good really.
 * This kind of genetic testing is typically ordered by physicians. Once a patient has been found to carry a mutation, relatives would be counselled to approach their primary care provider who would presumably refer to a local clinical genetics service. My sources are quite vague as to the exact yield (given that Wilson's is a recessive disorder), and I can't see much scope for expanding this section. ❌ JFW | T@lk  13:22, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I must agree with JFW on this. It's more than enough what is written in the Genetic testing section. NCurse work 18:23, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
 * The other members of the group are Indian childhood cirrhosis, endemic Tyrolean infantile cirrhosis and idiopathic copper toxicosis - wow. I had never heard of these. Maybe a line or two - are they all the same gene? different gene? all recessive? etc.
 * Neither had I until I printed out the excellent paper by De Bie et al. Very little is known about these (they may represent the same condition), apart from the fact that ICC is now known to be due to keratin 8 or keratin 18  mutations. I will quote De Bie about this. ✅ JFW |  T@lk  13:22, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Copper should get a link from somewhere in the article. I figure it needs a line or so on copper's biological role in the body (i.e. it is an essential element). Maybe in pathophysiology section somewhere.
 * I inserted it. ✅ NCurse work 18:23, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I've elaborated a bit more, so the reader does not get the impression that copper is pure evil :-) JFW | T@lk  19:34, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
 * If trien is a brand name, should it be capitalized? Or is it just an abbreviation?
 * It's an abbreviation, see Triethylenetetramine. ✅ NCurse work 18:27, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
 * The name is not used universally, so I've removed it. JFW | T@lk  19:34, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Regarding dimercaprol - is it via an IV infusion (duration?), or IM injection and what frequency? monthly? twice daily? Is it painful and what are the side effects?
 * It is an intermuscular injection that is given every few weeks. It is indeed painful. I will clarify. ✅
 * When writing these things I try and think about impacts on patients. The other issue, is there any genetic councelling? Are sufferers fertile/infertile?
 * There are some paragraphs about genetic counseling in the genetics section. The medical condition itself doesn't cause infertility, but the treatment can. ref. NCurse work 18:27, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
 * There are reports about infertility and abnormal copper indices with conception after chelation. It is not reported in my main sources and does not seem to be a major issue. Genetic counselling is a highly individual process, and I want to avoid WP:HOWTO, but a sufferer does not typically pass on their disease to their children (chance is about 1:100). JFW | T@lk  19:34, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
 * more later. damn, gotta run again

OK, looking good, will pass once these commented on or fixed...Cheers, Casliber (talk · contribs) 00:08, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Comments processed up to "role of copper". De Bie has a fine section on this. JFW | T@lk  13:22, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

 * All improvements now done. Thanks for your help, Casliber and NCurse. Hope you are happy to promote, and otherwise I'm quite willing to make further changes to satisfy your trained editorial eyes. JFW | T@lk  19:34, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

 * (wakes up. rubs eyes)....all good. Cheers, Casliber (talk · contribs) 21:42, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

What a lovely timezone-busting GA review that was! Many thanks again. JFW | T@lk  08:16, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

Suspicious edit
An anon editor changed "about 5%" to "about 6%". I can't get to the source; can someone else double check this? WhatamIdoing (talk) 18:21, 6 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Changed it back. Thanks. JFW | T@lk  23:37, 6 October 2008 (UTC)

New Section needed
Needs a section on 'Prognosis' - Eg. If you get the psychiatric symptoms can these be reversed or is the damage done permanent?

Also I am not convinced that liver transplant can be classified as a 'cure'. It is a genetic condition so wouldn't the same problem still exist with copper being deposited in the brain? Cure is also not a good word to use when it comes to genetic conditions as you still have the bad genes even when you control the symptoms. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:20, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

 * The sources seem to indicate that chelation would improve neuropsychiatric symptoms. At the same time, penicillamine has a reputation for occasionally worsening symptoms. There is no numerical data as to what proportion of patients improves.
 * A liver transplant would be a cure if the main problem is liver disease. Firstly, it removes the main site of copper overload, and secondly it introduces normal copper homeostasis by providing the recipient with a liver containing wild type ATP7B. You are correct that if other organs have been affected by copper overload (eg renal tubular acidosis or hypoparathyroidism), one can only really speak of a cure if these problems are reversible. JFW | T@lk  22:30, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

Lancet
- case report on mutational analysis. Must read. JFW | T@lk  14:44, 9 September 2009 (UTC)

External link
I would lean toward removing the external link "", as the linked page contains only an exceedingly brief (10 sentences), non-vetted summary of the condition. However, I note that the linked page says Wilson's was "First described by Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs (1819-1885) in 1854". Frerich's work is cited as
 * F. T. von Frerichs:
 * Klinik der Leberkrankheiten.
 * 2 volumes and atlas. Braunschweig, F. Vieweg u. Sohn, 1858-1861. The description of progressive familal hepatolenticular degneration is in volume 2, pp. 62-64.

I don't see Frerichs mentioned in our article; any credence to this claim? Second opinion on the usefulness of the external link? Maralia (talk) 03:13, 24 November 2009 (UTC)

 * The historical section is based on the Robertson 2000 article, which is peer-reviewed and more reliable. WhoNamedIt is not always 100% reliable (some entries are a bit cryptic) but freely available and otherwise an interesting resource. JFW | T@lk  21:03, 24 November 2009 (UTC)

Updating
I've just discovered that just after I brought this article to GA status the AASLD published a new guideline. It might help reviewing this and updating the article with any changes 10.1002/hep.22261

On the subject of neurologic Wilson's, may be useful. JFW | T@lk  17:30, 11 May 2011 (UTC)

 * The new EASL guideline is here: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.11.007. JFW | T@lk  09:47, 21 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Great resource! I note that the abstract of those guidelines does contain these depressing statements, "Unfortunately, there is not a single randomized controlled trial conducted in Wilson’s disease which has an optimal design. Thus, it is impossible to assign a high or even a moderate quality of evidence to any of the questions dealt with in these guidelines."  Nonetheless, it's important to know when more evidence is needed.  -- Scray (talk) 14:05, 21 October 2012 (UTC)

Gene therapy
Not ready for prime time but worth watching: gene therapy for Wilson's in an animal model 10.1038/gt.2011.186 JFW | T@lk  11:14, 23 April 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wilson's disease/Archive 1