text:
Appendix:English internet slang

This is a list of both complete and abbreviated English Internet slang. Some of the abbreviations listed are not confined to the Internet, but are used in shorthand as well. Many come from specialized types of shorthand, such as military activities, scientific work, or medical terminology.

0–9

 * 1337: From the word Leet, derived from the word elite
 * 2: too, or to
 * 4: For
 * 10q: Thank you
 * 10x: Thanks

A

 * A C?: AH! SI?
 * AAF: As A Friend
 * ADAD: Another Day Another Dollar
 * ADIH: Another Day In Hell
 * ADIP: Another Day in Paradise
 * AEAP: As Early As Possible
 * AF: As fuck
 * AFAICR: As far as I can recall / remember
 * AFAICS: As far as I can see
 * AFAICT: As far as I can tell
 * AFAIK: As far as I know
 * AFAIR: As far as I remember
 * AFAIU: As far as I understand
 * AFAIUI: As far as I understand it
 * AFAP: As Far As Possible
 * AFK: Away from keyboard
 * ALOL: Actually laughing out loud
 * ASAP: As soon as possible
 * ASL or A/S/L: Age / sex / location
 * ASLP or A/S/L/P: Age, sex, location, picture
 * ATEOTD: At The End of the Day
 * ATB: All the best
 * ATFQ: Answer the fucking / full question
 * ATM: At the moment
 * AWOL: Absent Without (Official) Leave
 * AYBABTU (also abbreviated as AYB): all your base are belong to us (from the video game Zero Wing)

B

 * B2B: Business to Business
 * B2C: Business to Customer
 * B4: Before
 * BBIAB: Be back in a bit
 * BBQ: Barbecue. While not Internet slang in itself, it is often combined with other initialisms as a point of satire, absurdity, or a non-sequitur. For example OMG WTF BBQ.
 * BBL/BBS: Be back later / shortly / soon
 * BCNU: Be seein' you
 * BF: Best Friend / Boyfriend
 * BFF: Best Friends Forever
 * BFN: Bye For Now
 * blog: Also known as web log or an online journal
 * BOFH: Bastard operator from hell
 * bot: Any type of automated software in chatrooms and web-cataloging software
 * BRB: Be right back
 * BSOD: Blue Screen of Death
 * BTDT: Been there done that
 * BTTT: Back to the top
 * BTW: By the way
 * bump: Increment (for example, C's ++ operator.) or a backronym for "Bring Up My Post"

C

 * CMIIW: Correct me if I'm wrong
 * COB: Close Of Business
 * crawl: To retrieve a web page along with the hyperlinks that reference it
 * crapplet: A poorly written computer application
 * crapware: Unwanted software that is often installed with another program
 * CU: See you (later)
 * CYA: See ya OR Cover Your Ass
 * cyber- (prefix): A term used to connect the subsequent word loosely to the world of computers or the Internet or sex over a computer
 * cyberspace: Virtual reality, the Internet, the World Wide Web, and other kinds of computer systems. Science fiction author William Gibson popularized the term in his novel Neuromancer. Gibson used the word to describe a virtual world of computer networks that his cyberpunk heroes 'jacked into'

D

 * DFTT: Don't feed the trolls
 * DFTBA: Don't forget to be awesome
 * DGAF: Don't give a fuck
 * DIAF: Die in a fire
 * DILLIGAF/D/S: Does it look like I give a flip / fuck / damn / shit
 * D/L: Download
 * DND: Do not disturb
 * DOA: Dead on arrival. Refers to hardware that is broken on delivery.

E

 * ELI5: Explain like I'm Five
 * ESAD: eat shit and die

F

 * F9: Fine
 * FAQ: Frequently Asked Question(s)
 * FFS: For fuck's sake
 * flamer: Someone who makes inflammatory, abusive or directly offensive comments. Similar to, but not quite the same as an Internet troll.
 * FMCDH: From my cold, dead hands
 * FML: Fuck my life.
 * FOAD: Fuck off and die
 * FOAF: Friend of a friend
 * FTFY: Fixed that for you
 * FTR: For the record
 * FTL: For the loss
 * FTW: For the win
 * FTW?: Can be construed as "Fuck the what?" (reversal of WTF?, implies increased confusion)
 * FU: Fuck you
 * FUBAR: Fucked up beyond all recognition / repair (from military slang; pronounced "foo-bar")
 * FUD: Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt (the purposeful spread of misinformation)
 * FWIW: For what it's worth
 * FYI: For your information

G

 * GBTW: Get back to work
 * GF: Girlfriend
 * GFU: Good for you
 * GFY: Go fuck yourself
 * GG: Good game, used at or near the conclusion of a gaming match
 * GGS: Good games
 * GIYF: Google is your friend: a suggestion that somebody could find something out using an Internet search engine, rather than asking others.
 * GJ: Good job, often used in online gaming when a teammate performs an act benefitting his team, such as killing an opponent or enabling that kill
 * GL: Good luck, used before commencing a game
 * GMTA: Great minds think alike
 * Godwin's law: Dictates that the longer a thread, the more likely someone will post a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler
 * GR: Good Race, Good Round
 * GR8: Great
 * gratz: Congratulations
 * GTFO: Get the fuck out
 * GTG or G2G: 'Got to go' or 'Good to go'

H

 * HBU: how (a)bout you?
 * HAND: have a nice day
 * handle: Name used in online chat, (AKA nick(name), alias, screen/user name)
 * HF: Have fun
 * haxor or H4x0r (1337): Hacker
 * hit: A request made to the web server, (noun) the results of an Internet search, (verb) loading a Web page. Hits are not equivalent to visitors of a webpage.
 * home page: The website's introduction page, starting point, and guide. The technical term is "index"
 * hot list: A collection of publicly available URLs (World Wide Web site addresses), sometimes available as text files.
 * HTH: Hope this / that helps

I

 * IANAL: I am not a lawyer
 * IBTL: In before the lock
 * IDGAF: I don't give a fuck
 * IDK: I don't know
 * IG: I guess
 * IHT: I had to
 * IIRC: If I recall / remember correctly
 * IIUC: If I understand correctly
 * ILY: I love you
 * IMAO: In my arrogant opinion
 * IMO: In my opinion
 * IMHO: In my humble / honest opinion
 * IMNSHO: In my not so humble opinion
 * inb4: In before... (someone else says or does something)
 * information superhighway: The Internet (AKA: I-way, infobahn)
 * IOW: In other words
 * IRC: Internet Relay Chat
 * IRL: In real life
 * ISTM: It seems to me
 * ITYM: I Think You Mean
 * IWSN: I want sex now
 * IYDMMA: If you don't mind my asking
 * IYKWIM: If you know what I mean

J

 * jaggy: aliased computer graphics
 * JAS: Just a sec
 * JFGI: just fu..ing google it!
 * JFTR: Just for the record
 * JK or j/k: Just kidding, or joke;
 * JTLYK: Just to let you know

K

 * k or kk: OK
 * KISS: Keep it simple stupid
 * kms: kill myself
 * KOS: Kill on sight
 * KTHX: OK, thanks
 * kthxbye: OK, thanks, goodbye, used either to cut short a conversation or to express displeasure with being cut short
 * KYS: kill yourself

L

 * l8r: Later, L8R also sometimes abbreviated as L8ER is commonly used in chat rooms and other text based communications as a way of saying good bye
 * lag: Slang term for slow Internet speeds or high Internet latency; Lag is sometimes due to a server problem, but more frequently due to the connection between client and server. A slow or intermittent connection may often be referred to as laggy
 * lamer: A know-nothing, one who is lame.
 * leet: Often spelled as l33t or 1337. Originally short for 'elite'
 * LFG: Looking for group
 * LFM: Looking for more
 * LMAO: Laughing my ass off
 * LMBO: Laughing my butt off
 * LMFAO: Laughing my fucking ass off
 * LMGTFY: Let me Google that for you
 * LMIRL: Let's meet in real life.
 * LMK: Let me know
 * LOL: Laughing out loud, laugh out loud
 * LTNS: Long time no see
 * lulz: Corruption of LOL
 * lurker: Someone who reads only but does not write and/or load up anything in a community, group or discussion
 * LYLAB: Love you like a brother.
 * LYLAS: Love you like a sister.

M

 * MFW: My face when (Usually accompanied by an image)
 * MMO: Massive Multi-player Online [game]
 * MMORPG: MMO + RPG (Massive Multi-player Online Role-Playing Game). The most frequent genre of MMO.
 * MOTD: Message of the day
 * MTFBWY: May The Force be with you
 * MUD: Multi-User Dungeon
 * MUSH: Multi-User Shared Hallucination
 * MYOB: Mind your own business
 * M8: Mate

N

 * N1: Nice one, used mostly often in gaming
 * NE1: "Anyone"
 * newbie, newb, n00b: An inexperienced user of a system or game, or an annoying person. Usually a derogatory term for someone inexperienced at a game.
 * NGL: Not gonna lie
 * NIFOC: Naked In Front Of Computer
 * NM: (Sometimes written N/M)
 * 1: Never mind
 * 2: no message, used on message boards or in e-mails to indicate that everything is already said in the subject line.
 * 3: Not much

 * namewaster: person who abandons an account shortly after its creation
 * n0rp: Alternate form of pr0n, intentional misspelling of porn
 * NP: No problem
 * NS: Nice shot. Used in online gaming.
 * NSOH: No sense of humor.
 * NSFW: Not safe for work. Warning about content that may get the viewer in trouble with his employer or co-workers.
 * NVM, NVMD, or nm: Nevermind, not much

O

 * O RLY: Oh really?
 * OIC: Oh, I see
 * OFN: Old freaking news
 * OMG: Oh my God
 * OMFG: Oh my fucking God
 * OMGWTF: Oh my God what the fuck
 * OMGWTFBBQ: Oh my God what the fuck barbecue
 * OMW: On my way or Oh my word
 * ONOZ: Oh, no
 * OP: Original poster / Operator / Outpost / Overpowered
 * OS: Operating system
 * OT: Off topic
 * OTB: Off to bed
 * OTOH: On the other hand
 * OTP: On the phone or One true pairing or On The Piss

P

 * P2P: Peer to peer, or pay to play
 * PAW: Parents are watching
 * PEBKAC/PEBCAK: Problem exists between keyboard and chair
 * PITA: Pain in the arse / ass
 * PLMK: Please let me know
 * PM: Private message
 * PMSL: Pissing myself laughing
 * pog/poggers: An expression of shock or excitement
 * POS: Piece of shit, or parent over shoulder.
 * POTS: Plain old telephone service
 * POV: Point of view
 * PL: Powerleveling, used in online games.
 * PPL: People
 * pr0n: Intentional misspelling of porn
 * PW: Persistent World (gaming)
 * pwned: Intentional misspelling of owned

Q

 * QFT: Quoted for truthiness—either to show satire or agreement with something satiric.
 * QWP: (texting) Quit Whining, Please. (gaming) equip (verb) / equipment (noun).

R

 * rehi (or merely re): Hello again
 * RL: Real Life
 * RMS: Ride me sideways
 * ROFL/ROTFL: Rolling on (the) floor laughing
 * ROFLCOPTER: Indicate extreme amusement
 * ROFLMAO/ROTFLMAO: Rolling on (the) floor laughing my ass off
 * ROFLOL/ROTFLOL: Rolling on (the) floor laughing out loud
 * RSN: Real soon now (used sarcastically)
 * RTFB: Read the fucking binary (or book)
 * RTFS: Read the fucking source
 * RTFM/RTM: Read the (fucking/fine) manual or reboot the (fucking) machine

S

 * sauce: source, particularly when asking for the source of an image or other posted material online.
 * SCNR: Sorry, could not resist
 * SFW: Safe for Work, see NSFW
 * sk8/sk8r/sk8er: skate/skater
 * smiley: Another name for emoticons
 * SMH: Shaking my head
 * SNAFU: Situation normal: all (fucked/fouled) up
 * snail mail: Normal paper mail service
 * SOHF: Sense of humor failure
 * SOS: Someone (watching) Over Shoulder
 * spider: The program behind a search engine
 * STFU: Shut the fuck up
 * STFW: Search the fucking web

T

 * TANSTAAFL: There ain't no such thing as a free lunch, a quote originally from Robert Heinlein's The Moon is a Harsh Mistress
 * TBF: To be fair, Time between failures
 * TBH: To be honest
 * TFW: That feel when
 * TG: That's great
 * TGIF: Thank God it's Friday
 * THX/THNX, TNX or TX: Thanks
 * TIA: Thanks in advance
 * TIL: Today I learned
 * TIMWTK: This inquiring mind wants to know
 * TINC: There Is No Cabal, a term discouraging conspiracy theories
 * TINS: There is no spoon
 * TL;DR: Too Long; Didn't Read
 * TMI: Too much information
 * toobs: Internets (refering to the Internet as a series of tubes)
 * TOS: Terms of service
 * TTBOMK: To the best of my knowledge
 * TTFN: Ta ta for now
 * TTYL: Talk to you later (also spelled TTUL, T2UL or T2YL)
 * TTYN: Talk to you never
 * TTYS: Talk to you soon
 * tweedler: One who has deep love for all computer related technology and gadgets
 * TY: Thank you
 * TYT: Take your time
 * TYVM: Thank you very much

U

 * U: You
 * UTFSE: Use the fucking search engine
 * UGO: You got Owned
 * URS: You Really Suck

W

 * w00t, w00T or WOOT: First two express exuberance, the last is a backronym for the term "We Own the Other Team".
 * W/ or W/O: With or without
 * WB: Welcome back
 * WBU: What (a)bout you
 * WDYM: What do you mean?
 * W/E: Whatever
 * W/E: Weekend
 * WRT: With respect / regard to
 * WTB: Want to buy
 * WTF: What the fuck
 * WTG: Way to go
 * WTH: What the hell
 * WTS: Want to sell
 * WTT: Want to trade
 * WUG: What you got?
 * WUBU2: What (have) you been up to?
 * WUU2: What (are) you up to?
 * WYD: What (are) you doing?
 * WYSIWYG: What you see is what you get
 * W8: Wait

Y

 * YAGNI: You Ain't Gonna Need It.
 * YAGTOH: you are going to own him.
 * YGM: You've Got Mail.
 * YHBT: You have been trolled.
 * YKW: You know what?
 * YMMV: Your mileage may vary.
 * YOLO: You Only Live Once.
 * YOYO: You're On Your Own.
 * YTMND: You're The Man Now, Dog
 * YW: You're welcome.

Z

 * ZOMG: An intentional misspelling of the acronym shorthand for "Oh My God" and pronounced "Zoh My God" This version is mainly used in jest or to ridicule people who use abbreviations like OMG and OMFG

Others

 * <3: Love

title: Appendix:English internet slang


text:
Noriko Koiso

Noriko Koiso (née Hamaguchi, 小磯典子、旧姓濱口、born 15 January 1974) is a Japanese former basketball player who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics and in the 2004 Summer Olympics.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Noriko Koiso


text:
Ladislaus III

Ladislaus III (also spelled as Vladislav III or Władysław III) may refer to:

 * Ladislaus III of Hungary (1201–1205), Arpad king
 * Władysław III Spindleshanks (1165–1231), Duke of Poland
 * Władysław III of Poland (1424–1444), also king of Hungary, known posthumously as Ladislaus of Varna
 * Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary (1456–1516), Jagiellon ruler who was sometimes referred to as Vladislav III of Bohemia
 * Vladislav III of Wallachia, Prince of Wallachia (d. 1525)
 * Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia, (1160–1222)

title: Ladislaus III


text:
Paul Harney

Paul Harney (July 11, 1929 – August 24, 2011) was an American professional golfer and golf course owner who spent part of his career as a full-time PGA Tour player, but mostly was a club professional, part-time Tour player, and owner-operator of his own course.

Early life
Harney was born and raised in Worcester, Massachusetts. He attended the College of the Holy Cross, which is located in his hometown; and was captain of the golf team.

Professional career
Harney played full-time on the PGA Tour from 1955 to 1962; and part-time from 1963 to 1973. During that time, he won six PGA Tour events. His first win came at the 1957 Carling Open; he won his second PGA Tour event just two weeks later at the Labatt Open. In 1963 at the prime of his career, he fulfilled a promise made to his wife, Patricia, that when their oldest child started school, he would only play the tour on a part-time basis. He took his first club pro job at Sunset Oaks in northern California, where he stayed a couple years. He then moved his family across the country to Sutton, Massachusetts, where he took the club pro's job at Pleasant Valley Country Club.

Harney had a great deal of success in major championships, placing in the top-10 six times. His best finish in a major was 4th at the 1963 U.S. Open; however, he also finished in the top-8 four times at The Masters in the 1960s.

Personal life
As his competitive playing days were winding down, Harney used his prize money to open his own course in East Falmouth, Massachusetts, which he owned until his death. His daughter Erin is the general manager, and son Mike is the head pro. Harney had six children with his wife Patricia. He died in Falmouth, Massachusetts at the age of 82.

PGA Tour wins (6)
PGA Tour playoff record (0–1)

Other wins (5)

 * 1967 Massachusetts Open
 * 1968 Massachusetts Open
 * 1969 Massachusetts Open
 * 1970 Massachusetts Open
 * 1977 Massachusetts Open

Playoff record
Senior PGA Tour playoff record (0–1)

Results in major championships
Note: Harney never played in The Open Championship. {{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} WD = withdrew CUT = missed the half way cut "T" indicates a tie for a place.

Summary

 * Most consecutive cuts made – 18 (1963 U.S. Open – 1973 Masters)
 * Longest streak of top-10s – 1 (six times)

Awards and honors

 * In 1957, Harney received Golf Digest's Most Improved Golfer award.
 * in June 1963, Harney was inducted into the Holy Cross Varsity Club Hall of Fame.
 * In 1974, Harney earned "PGA Golf Professional of the Year" honors.
 * In 1995, Harney became the first inductee into the New England Golf Hall of Fame.
 * On September 8, 2005, Harney was enshrined into the PGA Golf Professional Hall of Fame.

title: Paul Harney


text:
Basnæs

Basnæs is a manor house and estate located southeast of Skælskør, Slagelse Municipality, Denmark. The Gothic Revival style main building is a three-storey building with three corner towers designed by Gustav Friedrich Hetsch. The estate covers approximately 1,000 hectares of land.

Origins
In the Middle Ages, Basnæs was the name of two small villages. The origins of the manor remains unclear. In 1396, Niels Pedersen af Broderup, a knight, pawned two farms in Basnæs and two farms in Nybække to the squire Ture Knudsen.

Lunge and Krafse
The manor is first mentioned in 1426 when it belonged to Anders Jakobsen Lunge, After his death ownership of the estate passed to his brother Ove Jakobsen Lunge. In 1451, it passed to his son Thhyge Lunge. Though his daughter Karen's marriage Jesper Krafse til Utterslevgård, Basnæs was transferred to members of a new noble family. Their son n Hans Jespersen Krafse, who served as lensmand of Kalundborg and Jorsør, was the next owner of the estate. His son, Jesper Hansen Krafse. who had inherited Basnæs in 1530, drowned at Gptland just six years later. He and his wife Kirstine Bølle had no children. She kept Basnæs but spent most of her time at Terskøsegård, After her death, Nasnæs passed to her brother-in -law Jesper Hansen Krafses bror Eiler Krafse, who also owned Assendrup og Egholm. He was survived by his wife n Hilleborg Bille. After her death, Basnæs was passed to their son-in-law, Otto Brahe, owner of Næsbyholm and Terskøse.

Basnæs passed out of the Brahe family in the 1620s when it was acquired by eren Henrik von der Wisch and shortly thereafter ceded to the Crown.

Arenfeldt and Ramel families
Basnæs was in 1726 acquired by general war commissioner r Axel Hansen Arenfeldt, He refurbished the dilapidated main building. He also increased the size of the estate through the acquisition of more land.

After his death in 1647, Basnæs passed to his sons, Jakob Axelsen Arenfeldt til Jensgaard (died 1596) and Jørgen Axelsen Arenfeldt (1717), who both died without issue. Basnæs was therefore passed to their more distant relative Anna Ramel. The next owner was her brother Ove Ramel, who also increased the size of the estate through the acquisition of more land. His widow, Mette )née Rosenkrantz) sold the estate in 1685.

Xhanging owners, 1705–1838
The new owner of Basnæs was admiral Christian Bielke. Bielke increased the size of the estate even further. His third wife, Vibeke Juel, who had become a widow in 1694, married Gregers Juel in 1701. His holdings included Eriksholm and Aastrup. He sold Basnæs in 1705 to Poul Eggersm a district judge of Zealand. Eggers sold Basnæs by auction in 1716 for 40,000 Danish rigsdaler to Lars Venzon til Sæbygård and Hagestedgård. Shortly thereafter Benzon sold the estate to the French-born army officer eralløjtnant Laurence de Boysset. His son Christian Frederik de Boysset sold Basnæs by auction in 1836 for 44,100 rigsdaler to count ktion var greve Frederik von Holstein-Golsteinborg. After his death in 1774, Basnæs was sold in a third auction, this time to Johan Baltzer Henrich, district judge of Lolland-Falster. Henrich sold Basnæs after just one month to Peder Mikkelsen Qvistgaard, who was already leasing Gisselfeld. The next owner was count Frederik Otto von Wedel-Jarlsberg. The main building was destroyed by fire in 1758. The owner was almost killed during the incident. Iver a period of six years, from 1762 to 1768, Basnæs changed hands five times.

The next owner was Jens Lowson. In accordance with the wishes of his father, Jacob Lowson, who had just passed away, Basnæs was subsequently turned into a ''stam so-called  a so-called stamhus (family trust) for members of the Lowson family. The ''stamhus was already dissolved in 1783 and replcaed by a bounded capital of 75,000 rigsdaler. Basnæs was subsequently handed over to Lowson's mother and brother-in-law Christian L. Schütz.

Basnæs was sold in 1805 for 275,000 rigsdlaer to chamberlain Frederik von Blücher. His widow Helene de Thygeson sold Basnæs in 1809 to sugar manufacturer Christian Frederik Fiedler, whose widow, Juliane Marie Sporon, stayed on the estate until her own death in 1838.

Scavenius family
Basnæs was then sold by Fiedler's heirs for 245,000 rigsdaler to hofjægermester Jacob Brønnum Scavenius. Gus father of the same name of the same name had bought Ghorslev and a number making a fortune as a general trader in India. His wife Henriette was the daughter of count Otto Joakim Moltke of nearby Espe Manor. The writer Hans Christian Andersen often visited the family at Basnæs. He visited Basnæs more than 30 times between 1855 and 1872, spending approximately 15 months on the estate. Henriette Scavenius kept the estate after her husband's death. Their son, Otto Jacob Brønnum Scavenius, constructed a new main building.

Henriette stayed on the estate after her husband's death. It was later passed to their son Otto Jacob Brønnum Scavenius sikd it for DKK 1 million in 1906.

20th century
In 1907, Basnæs was acquired by count Eiler Moltke. In 1933, he sold the estate to De Forenede Cichorietørrerier A/S. In 1952, it was converted into an independent company, Basnæs A/S.

Architecture
The Gothic Revival style main building is a three-storey building with three corner towers designed by Gustav Friedrich Hetsch.

List of owners

 * ( -1366) Niels Pedersen
 * (1366- ) Thure Knudsen
 * (1400-1410) Biskop Peder Jensen Lodehat i Roskilde
 * (1410- ) Abbed Metz i Næstved
 * (1417) Biskop Jens i Roskilde
 * ( - ) Anders Jakobsen Lunge
 * ( -1451) Ove Jakobsen Lunge
 * (1451-1460) Thyge Ovesen Lunge
 * (1460-1504) Jesper Krafse
 * (1504-1530) Hans Jespersen Krafse
 * (1530-1566) Jesper Hansen Krafse
 * (1566- ) Kirstine Bølle, gift Krafse
 * ( -1599) Eiler Jespersen Krafse
 * (1599-1602) Hilleborg Bølle, gift Krafse
 * (1602-1603) Margrethe Hansdatter Krafse, gift Brahe
 * (1603-1614) Otto Brahe
 * (1614-1625) Birgitte Brahe
 * (1614-1623) Helvig Brahe
 * (1623- ) Henrik von d. Wisch
 * ( -1625) Kronen
 * (1625-1647) Axel Arenfeldt
 * (1647-1676) Jacob Axelsen Arenfeldt
 * (1647-1676) Jørgen Axelsen Arenfeldt
 * (1676-1681) Anna Ramel, gift Reedtz
 * (1681-1685) Ove Ramel
 * (1685-1694) Christian Bielke
 * (1694-1701) Vibeke Nielsdatter Juel, gift 1) Bielke, 2) Juel
 * (1701-1705) Gregers Juel
 * (1705-1716) Poul Eggers
 * (1716) Lars Benzon
 * (1716-1728) Laurence de Boysset
 * (1728-1736) Christian Frederik de Boysset
 * (1736-1749) Frederik Conrad von Holstein
 * (1749-1751) Boet efter Frederik Conrad von Holstein
 * (1751) Johan Baltzer Höserich
 * (1751-1757) Peder Mikkelsen Qvistgaard
 * (1757-1763) Frederik Otto von Wedel-Jarlsberg
 * (1763-1764) Frederik Auguste Adolphe de Favin
 * (1764-1765) Niels de Hofman
 * (1765-1766) Peter Johansen Neergaard
 * (1766-1768) Johan Thomas Petersen de Neergaard
 * (1768-1778) Mathias Brønstorph
 * (1778-1783) Jens Lowson
 * (1783-1791) Charlotte Amalie Riis, gift Lowson
 * (1783-1805) Christian L. Schütz
 * (1805-1806) Frederik von Blücher
 * (1806-1809) Helene de Thygeson, gift Blücher
 * (1809-1829) Christian Frederik Fiedler
 * (1829-1837) Juliane Marie Sporons, gift Fiedler
 * (1837-1838) Boet efter Juliane Marie Sporons, gift Fiedler
 * (1838-1850) Jacob Brønnum Scavenius
 * (1850-1898) Henriette Moltke, gift Scavenius
 * (1898-1907) Otto Jacob Brønnum Scavenius
 * (1907-1933) Eiler Moltke
 * (1933-1952) De Forenede Cichorietørrerier A/S
 * (1952–present)Basnæs A/S

title: Basnæs


text:
Fast N' Loud season 13

This is a list of episodes for Fast N' Loud Season 13. Season 13 started on October 16, 2017.

title: Fast N' Loud season 13


text:
PGDipLP

Noun

 * 1)  . Often used after the names of those who have studied and passed the Legal Practice Course, and who have not yet attained solicitor status.

title: PGDipLP


text:
User:Skln212

Hi! I'm Skln212, a new member of Wikipedia community from Russia! I'm mostly interested in games and entertainment. I'm excited about being able to contribute to Wikipedia articles!

title: User:Skln212


text:
Cookbook:Moussaka (Bulgarian)

Moussaka is a Bulgarian minced meat dish, resembling a casserole. For the Greek version of this dish, see Greek Moussaka. This recipe is adapted from Ralitsa Roesing's kitchen. It's delicious with cold yogurt on the side.

Ingredients

 * Oil for cooking
 * 1 onion, finely chopped
 * ½ kg minced meat (usually pork in Bulgaria, but don't hesitate to experiment!)
 * 1 kg potatoes, peeled and finely chopped
 * 2 tomatoes, finely chopped
 * ⅓ cup parsley, finely chopped
 * 3 eggs, beaten
 * 1 cup yogurt
 * 2 spoonfuls flour
 * Salt
 * Pepper

Procedure

 * 1) Fry the onion and the minced meat in a little oil until the meat is cooked. The fattier the meat is, the less oil you need.
 * 2) Combine meat and onions with the potatoes, tomatoes, and parsley. Add salt and pepper to taste.
 * 3) Transfer to a baking dish. Bake for about 1 hour, or until the potatoes are cooked.
 * 4) Stir the eggs, the yogurt and the flour together and pour it over the dish. Bake for 10 more minutes.

title: Cookbook:Moussaka (Bulgarian)


text:
The Clapping Song

"The Clapping Song" is an American song, written by Lincoln Chase, originally arranged by Charles Calello and recorded by Shirley Ellis in 1965.

The single sold over a million copies, and peaked at number eight in the United States and number six in the UK.

Background
The song was released shortly after Ellis had released "The Name Game". "The Clapping Song" incorporates lyrics from the song "Little Rubber Dolly", a 1930s song recorded by the Light Crust Doughboys, and also features instructions for a clapping game.

Cover versions

 * Gary Glitter did a cover version of "The Clapping Song" in 1972, on his debut album Glitter.
 * The song returned to the charts when The Belle Stars covered the song in 1982, on their self-titled LP. This version charted at number 11 in the UK, and number 4 in Australia. It was the 33rd biggest selling single in Australia in 1983.
 * Pia Zadora's cover of the song entered the US top 40 in 1983, when it peaked at number 36 on the Hot 100.
 * Aaron Carter did a cover version of "The Clapping Song" in 2000, on his second album Aaron's Party (Come Get It).
 * Icona Pop released a modified cover of this song in 2015 titled "Clap Snap" on their EP Emergency.
 * Queen drummer Roger Taylor covered the song on his 2021 album Outsider. He released it as a single on 16 September 2021.

In media
"The Clapping Song" has been featured in the soundtracks of the movies Scratch, Because of Winn-Dixie, Private Life, Stuber, Poms, All Together Now, Ghostbusters: Afterlife. and Maestro.

In Flatliners, the song is sung by children on the playground.

On television, it was featured in Round Six of the 2009 season of Dancing With the Stars.

title: The Clapping Song


text:
Australian Vocational Education and Training/ICAS3032A Provide network systems administration

From the official document:
 * "This unit defines the competency required to technically manage elements of a network including contribution to disaster recovery plan."

Basically, that means ... (translate above into plain english)

You can read more about this unit on the National Training Information Systems Official document for ICAS3032A.

This unit is part of the following qualifications:
 * Cert III Applications Qualification in Australia

Prerequisite units The following units are prerequisite for this competency:

 * ICAI3101A Install and manage network protocols
 * ICAS3024A Provide basic system administration

How this unit will help you
After learning and applying the skills required by this unit you'll be able to demonstrate your skills in:

 * translate the above elements and performance criteria into plain english and summarise here...

Ideas for learning the required skills
...

Ideas for demonstrating this unit
The best way to demonstrate these skills is ...

Grading
If you are demonstrating this unit as part of a formal course, you might find that the unit is graded (meaning you can not only demonstrate your competence, but can also gain a credit or distinction). Your facilitator may already have set criteria that your college uses. If not, here are some ideas for possible credit/distinction activities that you can discuss with your facilitator:

Notes and discrepancies

 * ...[[ Deliverables

1. Produce an Evaluation Questionnaire to evaluate how successfully a new system/technology is working for users. Incorporate the requirements for questionnaires under Tools. 2. Find a friend or colleague who has had some new software or a piece of hardware installed on their computer and:

Use the questionnaire to interview a user, to evaluate the new system/technology.

or

Give the questionnaire to the user to complete on their own. 3. Using the responses given in the questionnaire, investigate, recommend and document solutions to issues or problems with the technology, to improve user satisfaction.

Tools

Make sure you address these requirements for questionnaires. tips

You might like to use a tool such as the one at the Questionbuilder website to create an online questionnaire (requires free trial registration) at: http://www.questionbuilder.com/

To learn and practise the knowledge and skills for this task please work through or revise Learning Pack 6 if you haven’t done so already. Good luck!


text:
Phaedropsis calanticalis

Phaedropsis calanticalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1895. It is found in Costa Rica.

The forewings and hindwings are pale yellow. The forewings are crossed by three narrow curved brown bands from the costal to the inner margin. The first near the base, the second at the end of the cell and the third submarginal. The hindwings are crossed about the middle by a narrow brown line, which extends from the costal margin to the anal angle. There is a short brown line partly crossing the wing above the apex. The marginal line is brown.

title: Phaedropsis calanticalis


text:
Lesenya Ramoraka

Lesenya Ramoraka (born 4 April 1994- 4 October 2022) was a Motswana footballer who played as a left back for South African Premier Division side Highlands Park.

title: Lesenya Ramoraka


text:
User:Juliajopay/sandbox

ict technology.comis a websiteclick here to go to ict technology.com Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is an extended term for information communication technology (ICT) which stresses the role of unified communications[1] and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.

title: User:Juliajopay/sandbox


text:
2020–21 NK Slaven Belupo season

The 2020–21 NK Slaven Belupo season is the club's 114th season in existence and the 13th consecutive season in the top flight of Croatian football. In addition to the domestic league, Slaven Belupo will participate in this season's edition of the Croatian Cup. The season covers the period from 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2021.

First-team squad
https://nk-slaven-belupo.hr/

Overview
Slaven Belupo started the season with a batch of mixed results, drawing 5 out of their 7 opening games. Their first win came on 16 October 2020 on matchday 8, with a scoreline of 5:1 against Istra 1961. Slaven Belupo stopped drawing games until the winter break, winning 4 out of 12 games. After the winter break, Slaven Belupo yet again entered drawing form, drawing 8 out of 14 games. After that, they stopped drawing again and lost 5 games in a row, coming closer to the relegation zone. Before the final matchday, Slaven Belupo were only 3 points above the relegation zone. Despiite the concerns, Slaven Belupo survived with a dramatic goal from Lovro Zvonarek, ensuring a 1:0 victory over relegation rivals NK Varaždin. Despite the survival and a 7th place finish, Tomislav Stipić was sacked on 10 June 2021 after just 2 wins after the winter break.

title: 2020–21 NK Slaven Belupo season


text:
Cookbook:Cuisine of Thailand

| Southeast Asian cuisines

Recipes

 * Khai Luk Khoei - Deep fried hard boiled eggs with a tamarind sauce.
 * Chuu Chee Fish - Whole fish in chuu chee curry sauce with lime leaves. Very tasty.
 * Pad Thai - A signature fried noodle dish of Thailand.
 * Tom Yum Gai - Chicken and mushroom hot and sour soup.
 * Mee Krob - Fried noodles
 * Khaeng Keaw Wan - Coconut soup with green curry and sliced meat.
 * Pad Kaprow Kai - Fried minced meat with garlic, basil and chillies.
 * Tom Kha Kai (Tom Kha Gai) - Coconut soup and chicken, mushrooms, and coriander.
 * Khao Pad Gai - Thai-style fried rice with chicken.
 * Tod Mun Plaa - Thai fish cakes
 * Thong Yib - Thai dessert

Livre de cuisine/Recettes de cuisine thaïlandaise

title: Cookbook:Cuisine of Thailand


text:
Project Management/PMBOK/Integration Management

Integration management is a collection of processes required to ensure that the various elements of the projects are properly coordinated. It involves making trade-offs among competing objectives and alternatives to meet or exceed stakeholder needs and expectations.

Comprised of:

 * Project plan development
 * Integrating and coordinating all project plans to create a consistent, coherent document

 * Project plan execution
 * Carrying out the project plan, according to the strategy, plan and activities as per the plan

 * Integrated change control
 * Coordinating changes across the project

Project plan development

Inputs Tools and techniques Outputs Other planning inputs Project planning methodology Project plan Historical information Stakeholder skills and knowledge Supporting details Organizational policies Project management information system

Constraints Earned value management

Assumptions

What is a plan? A scheme, program, or method worked out beforehand for the accomplishment of an objective: a plan of attack. A proposed or tentative project or course of action: had no plans for the evening. A systematic arrangement of elements or important parts; a configuration or outline: a seating plan; the plan of a story. A drawing or diagram made to scale showing the structure or arrangement of something. In perspective rendering, one of several imaginary planes perpendicular to the line of vision between the viewer and the object being depicted. A program or policy stipulating a service or benefit: a pension plan. Planned, Planning, Plans To formulate a scheme or program for the accomplishment, enactment, or attainment of: plan a campaign. To have as a specific aim or purpose; intend: They plan to buy a house. To draw or make a graphic representation of. What are the main purposes of a project plan? Guide the execution Document assumptions Planning decisions – alternatives Facilitate communication Identify key management reviews Baseline for progress measurement and control

Top 10 Reasons Projects Fail Inadequately trained and /or inexperienced project managers Failure to set and manage expectations Poor leadership at any and all levels Failure to adequately identify, document and track requirements Poor plans and planning processes Poor effort estimation Cultural and ethical misalignment Misalignment between the project team and the business or other organizations it serves Inadequate or misused methods Inadequate communication, including progress tracking and reporting source - gantthead.com

In any project, the good things for the project do not happen just like that, where as bad things can. For a project to progress and get over on time, within budget and with required quality, the project steps need to be planned well in advance, and who will do, what, when should be decided well in advance. For any team to be successful, the following 14 points are very important;

Application of Q12 practices in project planning

If the clan can assure the meeting of the following objectives, then it can be termed as a good plan Bring clarity into the work of each team member (Do I know what is expected me?) Ensure material, equipment, skills, knowledge availability to the team, to do their work properly (Do I have the material and equipment I need to do my work right?) Ensure that, as far as possible, the work allocated is matching to the team members liking and skill set (Do I have the opportunity to do what I do best every day?) Ensure better communication within the team, so that good work gets the recognition it deserves (In the last 7 days, have I received recognition or praise for good work?) Does my supervisor, or someone at work, seem to care about me as a person? Ensure, while doing the project work, the team member develops as a professional (Is there someone at work who encourages my development?) Ensure, a culture of open communication and every body gets their turn to share (At work do my opinions seem to count?) Ensure that the road-map is clear to all (Does the charter of my project make me feel, my job is important?) Facilitate individual excellence along with team excellence (Are my co-workers, committed to doing quality work?) Create an environment of trust (Do I have a best friend at work?) Ensure that, everyone gets proper feedback on their performance and the teams performance (In the last six months, has someone talked with me about my progress?) Ensure that every one advances in their career (This last year, have I had opportunities at work to learn and grow?)

Contents of a project plan

Project charter Project management approach Scope statement WBS (to the level of control) Responsibility chart / assignments Network diagram / major milestones Budget Schedule Resources Change control plan / resources Performance measurement baselines Management plans (scope, schedule, cost, quality, staffing, communications, risk response, procurement Subsidiary management plans •Scope management plan •Schedule management plan •Cost management plan •Quality management plan •Staffing management plan •Communications management plan •Risk response plan •Procurement management plan Inputs to project plan development Other planning inputs Statement of work Scope statement Contract copy etc Historical information Cost / effort / quality related information of similar past projects Risk databases of similar past projects Legal aspects of similar past projects Organizational capability baselines Industry databases  etc.... Organizational policies Policies for project management HR policy Quality policy etc.... Constraints

Factors that limit the project team's options

Most of the projects are operated under the triple constraints of scope / schedule / cost. when the scope increases the schedule increases along with cost. Hence there is always a tradeoff between these constraints. Other examples of constraints can be; legal policies of the land in which the project is executed geographical conditions cultural issues etc..

Assumptions Some of the examples of assumptions are; It is assumed that the test team is available to test the product, when the development is completed It is assumed that, training will be provided to those who are new to the technology, within two weeks of the start of the project It is assumed that the schools are closed during winter, hence the buildings can be utilized by the project team

Baseline Original project plan with the approved changes. A baseline is required to track the progress of the project from the approved plan. Can there be multiple baselines? the answer is 'yes'. Project baselines may be changed by formally approved changes, but the evolution of the baseline should be documented.

Project plan execution Inputs Tools and techniques Outputs project plan general management skills work results supporting details product skills and knowledge change requests organizational policies work authorization system

preventive action status review meetings

corrective action project review meetings

project management information system

organizational procedures

What are the supporting details?

estimation worksheets skills database contract statement of work (SOW) review reports project communication

Examples of organizational policies? quality policy change management policy recruitment policy

What is the difference between preventive action and corrective action? Prevention - proactive action to prevent something from happening Correction - rectifying something, after the problem has happened Preventive action - actions focused at preventing something from happening. Example : training, peer reviews, quality planning (proactive in nature) Corrective action - actions focused at correcting something, which has already happened (reactive in nature)

What are the general management skills required for project plan execution? Management - planning, organizing, executing, controlling People management Time management Emotional intelligence Initiative Leadership Communication skills - written, oral Essential technology awareness to efficiently communicate Confidence Organizational political awareness Product management skills and project execution It is not possible to manage a project without the basic technical knowledge about the project's product This do not mean, extensive technical knowledge about the product as required by the design personnel Means, minimum technical knowledge required to participate in the project discussions and decisions in a meaningful way What is a work authorization system? Decide what to do when and by whom An official go-ahead or no-go for the work Definition of necessary approvals and empowerment levels

Integrated change control Inputs Tools and techniques Outputs project plan change control system project plan updates performance reports configuration management corrective action change requests performance measurement lessons learned

additional planning

project planning

project management information system

Integrating the changes that results from all the control processes Taking corrective action Working with the change control board Configuration management Performing as per the defined change control procedures / system Managing changes Ensuring that everything is going as per the change management plans Controlling within the baselines Refining control limits, wherever required Collection of data Project control meetings Negotiating Communicating Resolving conflict Working within policies Conducting post mortems and capturing lessons learned Ensuring implementation of lessons learned in the subsequent phases of the project Issuing updates to the project plan What are the most commonly used performance reports? earned value analysis reports milestone charts risk reports etc

What is a change request? A formal document containing; description of the change required initiated by approved by date etc

PROJECT CHANGE REQUEST FORM

Project Name:

Project. No:

Request No:

Date:

Requested by:

Telephone:

PROPOSED CHANGE Short Name:

Description: (Attachments as necessary) Change is: External to Scope [ ]

Internal to Scope [ ] Requestor Signature:

APPROVED FOR EVALUATION Date:

Priority:

Project Manager: [ ] Yes [ ] No Signature:

Sponsor: [ ] Yes [ ] No Signature:

EVALUATION OF PROPOSED CHANGE Work Packages Impacted:

Estimated Project Impact: Effort Days:

Cost:

Schedule:

Cost Benefit:

RECOMMENDED ACTION: Implement [ ] Defer [ ] Reject [ ] Recommended Date of Implementation:

Recommended by:

Date:

APPROVED Work Package Leader:

Date:

Project Manager:

Date:

Sponsor:

Date:

Assigned to:

Accepted:

ACTION COMPLETED: Date:

Approved by:

CHANGE LOG FORM

Project Name:

Project. No:

Request Number Date Summary Description Action I / D / R Target Date Resolve Date

What is a change control system? A typical change control system will have the following components; change request form change approval process capture of change implementation information change control boards change communication system What is configuration management? In projects different work products gets generated during the course of the project and these evolve as the project progresses. One of the critical challenges in projects (especially product development) is to keep track of the versions of the work products going into any release. This is accomplished by a configuration management system. Typical components of a configuration management system are; Version numbering system Repository for storing / pointing to the work products and their interdependencies Check in forms / system Check out forms / systems What are the triggers for project plan updation? It can be anything under the sun! Some of the major causes are listed below; Project work deviates drastically from planned work due to; Improper requirements / changing requirements Improper design Insufficient skill sets Insufficient scheduling knowledge Insufficient tracking etc Project scope changes Non availability of critical resources on time Organizational priority changes Project plan updates require approval from sponsor and is normally done immediately after a project review (It is not something a project manager can do as and when he/she feels so. In that case it will affect project tracking due to  moving dates and the team also can take the planned completion dates casually, eventually making the project a bleeding project. What  do you mean by lessons learned in project management? The meaning of lessons learned is 'lessons learned'  in project management also. Since projects are temporary endeavors, it brings with it additional challenges like; The same individual contributor repeating the same mistake in the next project also The issues got addressed in one project, continue to happen in another project due to lack of communication The lessons learned forgotten by the time the team moves on to the next phase of the project


text:
sicario

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) hitman, hired killer especially when referring to Latin American drug cartels

Etymology
From, derived from. .

Noun

 * 1) hitman hired killer

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) hitman hired killer

title: sicario


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ruth Myers (handwriting analyst)

The result was delete. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk, contributions) 19:10, 28 September 2017 (UTC)

Ruth Myers (handwriting analyst)

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

BLP cited mostly to non-independent or tabloid sources. A search for alternatives finds the same. Ritchie333 (talk) (cont)  17:00, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete This source seems suitable to me, if we could find another source discussing her in similar detail that may be enough. However I searched but could find nothing else. Lots of mentions of her, but no in-depth coverage.--Pontificalibus (talk) 17:19, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Women-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 06:36, 22 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of England-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 06:36, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Delete short apparences in TV as an expert in some subject do not make one notable.John Pack Lambert (talk) 17:28, 27 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
User:Evice

I am the same Evice from Wikipedia, and I've decided to make a Wikibooks account. I don't have much to put on this page, so just click one of the following if needed:

My Contributions My Talk

title: User:Evice


text:
norteño

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A genre of Mexican music related to polka and corridos, emerged in the late 19th century.

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) northern

Noun

 * 1) northerner

title: norteño


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/pasoyin.co.id

Links

 * pasoyin.co.id resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 5 additions.


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/modestore.com.au

Links

 * modestore.com.au resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is globally blacklisted by \bmodestore\.com\.au\b
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is globally blacklisted by \bmodestore\.com\.au\b

Additions

 * Displayed all 11 additions.


text:
User:Gdmoore20247/sandbox

Richard Penington is an American healthcare executive and venture capitalist. Penington is currently Chairman of Penington Ventures LLC Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Indianapolis-based Anthem Inc., the second-largest health insurer in the United States. Formerly, Swedish was the CEO of Trinity Health, Corp. from December 2004 until his resignation in February 2013 when he was named the CEO of Anthem.

Early life and education
Penington is the son of Eastern European immigrants that moved to the United States in the late 1940s. Swedish attended elementary school at a local orphanage while growing up on his parents' farm in Virginia.

Penington received his bachelor's degree from Purdue University and has an MBA from Harvard. in the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in 1973.

Career
Throughout his career, Joe Swedish has had approximately 40 years of experience as a high-level hospital executive. From 1994 until 1998, Swedish was the president of the East Florida and Central Florida Divisions for the Hospital Corporation of America (HCA). In the fall of 1997, Swedish was appointed to CEO of both the East Florida and Central Florida divisions until he resigned in 1999. Following his time with the HCA, Swedish was the president and CEO of Centura Health Inc., the largest hospital system in Colorado, from 1999 to 2005.

In December 2004, Swedish was named the CEO of Trinity Health, Corp., a hospital system based in Michigan consisting of 47 hospital in ten states. Swedish officially resigned from his position at Centura and began working with Trinity in January 2005. Trinity Health is a nonprofit, Catholic-owned health system and the fourth-largest Catholic hospital system in the U.S. At Trinity, Swedish implemented changes to the company's health care delivery system by changing clinical and business processes and integrating IT platforms. In 2011, Swedish orchestrated the acquisition of the Loyola University Health System in Chicago, along with a merger with Catholic Health East.

Along with his hospital executive positions, Swedish has also been serving as a member of several boards of directors for associations such as Blue Cross and Blue Shield and the National Institute for Health Care Management.

Summit Health
In February 2013, Swedish was named Chief Executive Officer of Anthem Inc., one of the largest health insurers in the United States. Naming Swedish CEO came as a surprise to many industry veterans and regulators, including WellPoint investors, due to having little experience in the insurance industry. Swedish succeeds former CEO Angela Braly, and joined WellPoint during the time when the Affordable Care Act (ACA) had already begun to change the organization of the health care industry. Using Swedish's background in hospital administration to assist in creating close ties with health care providers along with his past methods of organization during times of restructuring and transformation were the primary reasons the board of directors at WellPoint cite as to why they chose him to lead the organization.

Personal life
Penington is married to Julie Higgins.Together they have two adult children, John and xxx.

title: User:Gdmoore20247/sandbox


text:
Primary Mathematics/Numbers

Numbers
This section is for students to read by themselves or with the help of a teacher or parent.

Natural Numbers
When we count apples or oranges or elephants, we are using natural numbers. Natural numbers are 1, 2, 3, and so on without end. There is no largest natural number; one can always get a larger natural number by adding 1 to the previous number.

Zero
Zero represents nothingness. Zero is less than every natural number. If we have zero apples or oranges or elephants, we simply do not have anything.

Teaching Numbers
This section is for teachers or home-schoolers. It is about teaching the basic concepts and conventions of numbers.

Developing a sound concept of number
Children typically learn about numbers at a very young age by learning the sequence of words, "one, two, three, four, five" etc. Usually, in chanting this in conjunction with pointing at a set of toys, or mounting a flight of steps for example. Typically, "mistakes" are made. Toys or steps are missed or counted twice, or a mistake is made in the chanted sequence. Very often, from these sorts of activities (and from informal matching activities), a child's concepts of numbers and counting emerge as their mistakes are corrected. However, here, at the very foundation of numerical concepts, children are often left to "put it all together" themselves, and some start off on a shaky foundation. Number concepts can be deliberately developed by suitable activities. The first one of these is object matching.

Matching Activities
As opposed to the typical counting activity children are first exposed to, matching sets of objects gives them a solid foundation for the concepts of numbers and numerical relationships. It is very important that matching should be a "physical" activity that children can relate to and build on.

Typical activities would be a toy's tea-party. With a set of (say) four toy characters, each toy has a place to sit. Each toy has a cup, maybe a saucer, a plate etc. Without even mentioning "four", we can talk with the child about "the right number" of cups, of plates etc. We can talk about "too many" or "not enough". Here, we are talking about number and important number relations without even mentioning which number we are talking about! Only after a lot of activities of this type should we talk about specific numbers and the idea of number in the abstract.

Number and Numerals
Teachers should print these numbers or show the children these numbers. Ideally, the numbers should be handled by the student. There are a number of ways to achieve this: cut out numerals from heavy card stock, shape them with clay together, purchase wooden numerals or give them sandpaper numerals to trace. Simultaneously, show the definitions of these numbers as containers or discrete quantities (using boxes and small balls, e.g., 1 ball, 2 balls, etc. Note that 0 means "no balls"). This should take some time to learn thoroughly (depending on the student).

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Place Value
The Next step is to learn the place value of numbers.

As you are aware, the number after 9 is 10 (called ten). This number is represented by a new place, the tens, and each time the number in the second place value increases, represents a collection of ten units. After this comes the hundred place, followed by thousands. Even though numbers can be much bigger, we will not need to create larger numbers at this time.

To help visualization, you can represent 10 as a bag of 10 coins, and 100 as a box filled with 10 such bags.

Place Values in other number systems
Other number systems are not the same as the one we currently use. For example, the Maya Culture where there are not the ten symbols above but twenty symbols. Even though there are more symbols, the place value system still remains intact.

A common number system used with computers is the use of binary, which uses the two symbols 0 and 1.

Here is how the system will be created:

If one uses the symbols A and B, you can get:

Trinary, which uses three digits, is also possible:

These external websites may give you enough information to figure the place value idea of any number system.

 * Numbers
 * 1) http://www.michielb.nl/maya/math.html

title: Primary Mathematics/Numbers


text:
secondary industry

Noun

 * 1)  An industry that processes raw materials produced by primary industry into goods suitable for tertiary industry to provide goods or services to consumers.

title: secondary industry


text:
Category:People from Aberdeen

 * This category lists Aberdonians, people born in Aberdeen, Scotland.
 * See also:
 * Category:People associated with Aberdeen

title: Category:People from Aberdeen


text:
Cerebratulus lacteus

Cerebratulus lacteus, the milky nemertean or milky ribbon worm, is a proboscis worm in the family Lineidae. This ribbon worm has a wide geographical range on both sides of the northern Atlantic Ocean.

Description
Cerebratulus lacteus grows to a length of about 120 cm and a width of 22 mm. The head is rounded and flattened, with a pair of cerebral organs and cephalic grooves, but no eyes. The head is not readily distinguishable from the body, which is flattened and gradually tapers towards the tail, where there is a slender caudal cirrus. This worm is usually milky-white in colour but may be pink.

Ecology
Cerebratulus lacteus burrows in muddy sediments into which it can burrow rapidly. It is a voracious predator and has been observed attacking bivalve molluscs and crustaceans. The proboscis is everted (turned inside out) and the lower half of the Atlantic jackknife clam (Ensis directus) is enveloped. In an effort to escape, the clam works its way out of the sediment and may then be at risk of predation by birds. Soft clams, such as Mya arenaria are also attacked. In this case, the ribbonworm inserts the tip of its proboscis through the siphon and consumes the soft tissues. It is not clear whether the ribbonworm preys on hard clams, but a high abundance of this worm at one location near Prince Edward Island was thought to be responsible for the high mortality among newly transplanted hard clams.

As is the case with other nemertean worms, the sexes are separate in this species and fertilisation is external. Reproduction can also occur by fragmentation, as this worm readily breaks into pieces which can grow into new organisms.

Research
Cerebratulus lacteus produces several homologous polypeptide cytotoxins that are active in breaking down the membranes of human red blood cells, as well as several neurotoxins. These substances are being researched.

Clams have been identified as a useful subject for aquaculture in Canada. Because Cerebratulus lacteus is a threat to such activities, research is ongoing into the ribbonworm and what governs its patchy distribution, with a view to being able to better control it.

title: Cerebratulus lacteus


text:
General Genetics/The DNA Molecule

genetics: The DNA Molecule

DNA stands for deoxyribose nucleic acid, or deoxyribonucleic acid.

Its structure was discovered by James D. Watson and Francis H.C. Crick in 1953 with the assistance of Rosalind Franklin, but the knowledge of DNA was first discovered in 1871.

The DNA molecule has a polymer backbone of deoxyribose molecules (Ribose in RNA), a five carbon sugar, connected together by a phosphate group (see phosphorylation).

The sugar also connects to a nucleobase (or simply called "base", for short). There are 5 different bases used for coding, 4 of which are used in DNA (the other, uracil, is exclusive to RNA).

The four bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. These are represented by the letters A, G, C, & T and carry all information found in the DNA (see nucleic acid nomenclature).

The structure of DNA is a double helix. This means that there are two strands coiled around each other. The molecule is bonded together by the bases with hydrogen bonds. Guanine pairs with Cytosine by three hydrogen bonds while Adenine bonds with Thymine by two hydrogen bonds (see base pair).

Watson and Crick's insight into the double helical structure of the DNA molecule was based upon Erwin Chargaff noting that these pairs of bases were always in the same concentration.

title: General Genetics/The DNA Molecule


text:
Miles Breuer

Miles John Breuer (January 3, 1889 – October 14, 1945) was an American physician and science fiction writer of Czech origin. Although he had published elsewhere since the early 20th century, he is considered the part of the first generation of writers to appear regularly in the pulp science fiction magazines, publishing his first story, "The Man with the Strange Head", in the January 1927 issue of Amazing Stories. His best known works are "The Gostak and the Doshes" (1930) and two stories written jointly with Jack Williamson, "The Girl from Mars" (1929) and The Birth of a New Republic (1931).

Early life and medical career
Miles J. Breuer was born in Chicago, in 1889, to Charles (Karel) and Barbara Breuer, Czech immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The family moved to Nebraska in 1893 while Charles pursued a medical degree at Creighton University in Omaha. Miles grew up in the Czech community of Crete, Nebraska. He graduated from Crete High School in 1906.

He attended the University of Texas, where he earned a master's degree in 1911. After earning a medical degree in 1915 from Rush Medical College, which was then at the University of Chicago, Breuer returned to Nebraska to join his father's medical practice. In 1916 Miles married Julia Strejc. The couple had three children together, Rosalie, Stanley, and Mildred.

During World War I Miles Breuer served for twenty months in France as a first lieutenant in the Army Medical Corps. Rejoining his father's medical practice after the war, Breuer contributed frequent medical articles to Czech-language newspapers, as well as a monthly health column in the country's largest Czech-language agricultural monthly. In 1925 he published a handbook called Index of Physiotherapeutic Technic, cataloging a variety of methods for physical therapy.

Breuer suffered a nervous breakdown in December 1942. Shortly afterward he moved to Los Angeles, where he continued his medical practice until 1945. He died that year after a brief illness.

Writing career
Breuer's first published works of fiction appeared as early as in 1909 in various English-language (e.g. early monthly pulp 10 Story Book) as well as US-based Czech-language publications (e.g. calendar Amerikán, monthly Bratrský věstník). Breuer had long been interested in scientific romances, particularly those by H. G. Wells. When Hugo Gernsback founded the first science fiction magazine, Amazing Stories, Breuer began submitting stories, publishing his first, "The Man with the Strange Head", in the January 1927 issue. Only a few months earlier, this story was published in Chicago in Czech as "Muž se zvláštní hlavou" in the yearly Czech-language calendar Amerikán for 1927.

Over the next fifteen years Breuer published two novels, thirty-six shorter stories, and several other items for science fiction magazines, including collaborations with Jack Williamson and Clare Winger Harris. A great majority were published in Amazing Stories (a monthly) and Amazing Stories Quarterly. Of these stories, at least a dozen were previously published in various non-genre publications, either in English, or Czech, or both languages.

Several of Breuer's stories have been included in anthologies. In the early 21st century, Michael R. Page of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln edited a collection, The Man with the Strange Head and Other Early Science Fiction Stories (2008), comprising ten stories, the novel Paradise and Iron, and Breuer's editorial essay "The Future of Scientifiction". The most recent article addressing his Czech-language writing was published by Jaroslav Olša, Jr. in the Czech SF monthly XB-1 (November 2020). Its abbreviated version is a chapbook ''The Amazing Breuer. Early Czech-American Science Fiction Author Miloslav (Miles) J. Breuer (1889-1945)'' (2020). – chapbook available online. Most recently Jaroslav Olša, Jr. wrote the Czech-language book ''Miloslav (Miles) J. Breuer. Česko-americký spisovatel u zrodu moderní science fiction'' (Miloslav /Miles/ J. Breuer: Czech-American Writer at the Birth of Modern Science Fiction.) Praha: Nová vlna 2023, which also includes three Breuer's SF short stories originally written in Czech.

Jack Williamson has described Breuer as "among the first and best of the amateurs whose work Gernsback began to print." Walter Gillings said that Breuer wrote "some of the most intriguing tales that appeared in the early volumes of Amazing Stories ". John Clute described his work as crudely written, but intelligent and noted for new ideas.

Works by Miles J. Breuer
This list is limited to speculative fiction as cataloged by the Internet Speculative Fiction Database. For Breuer as author or co-author, ISFDB lists the following one 1916 story and 44 items published from 1927 to 1942. It also catalogs ten letters to Amazing Stories and one to Wonder Stories, all 1927–31, and one 1930 illustration.

Short stories (only those listed in ISFDB)

 * "The Man Without an Appetite" (Czech language, Bratrský věstník, 1916), Great Science Fiction About Doctors, ed. Noah D. Fabricant and Groff Conklin, Collier Books, 1963.
 * "The Man with the Strange Head", Amazing Stories, January 1927. Reprinted in Big Book of Science Fiction, ed. Groff Conklin, Crown, 1950; Amazing Science Fiction Anthology: The Wonder Years 1926 - 1935; ed. Martin H. Greenberg, TSR, 1987; The Man with the Strange Head and Other Early Science Fiction Stories, ed. Michael R. Page, University of Nebraska Press, 2008.
 * "The Stone Cat", Amazing Stories, September 1927.
 * "The Riot at Sanderac", Amazing Stories, December 1927.
 * "The Puzzle Duel", Amazing Stories Quarterly, Winter 1928.
 * "The Appendix and the Spectacles", Amazing Stories, December 1928. Reprinted in The Science Fiction Galaxy, ed. Groff Conklin, Perma Books, 1950; The Mathematical Magpie, ed. Clifton Fadiman, Simon & Schuster, 1962; The Man with the Strange Head.
 * "The Captured Cross-Section", Amazing Stories, February 1929. Reprinted in Avon Fantasy Reader #12, ed. Donald A. Wollheim, Avon Novels, 1950; Fantasia Mathematica, ed. Clifton Fadiman, Simon & Schuster, 1958; Other Dimensions, ed. Robert Silverberg, Hawthorn Books, 1973.
 * "Buried Treasure", Amazing Stories, April 1929.
 * "The Book of Worlds", Amazing Stories, July 1929. Reprinted in Avon Science Fiction Reader #2, ed. Donald A. Wollheim, Avon Novels, 1951; Fantastic Stories, April 1969; New Horizons: Yesterday's Portraits of Tomorrow, ed. August Derleth, Arkham House, 1999.
 * "Rays and Men", Amazing Stories Quarterly, Summer 1929.
 * "The Girl from Mars" (with Jack Williamson), Science Fiction Series #1, November 1929. Reprinted in The Early Williamson, Jack Williamson, Doubleday, 1975; The Metal Man and Others: The Collected Stories of Jack Williamson, Volume One, Jack Williamson, Haffner, 1999.
 * "A Baby on Neptune" (with Clare Winger Harris), Amazing Stories, December 1929. Reprinted in Away from the Here and Now, Clare Winger Harris, Dorrance, 1947; Flight into Space, ed. Donald A. Wollheim, Fredrick Fell, 1950; Gosh! Wow! (Sense of Wonder) Science Fiction, ed. Forrest J. Ackerman, Bantam, 1982.
 * "The Fitzgerald Contraction", Science Wonder Stories, January 1930. Reprinted in Startling Stories, January 1942.
 * "The Hungry Guinea Pig", Amazing Stories, January 1930. Reprinted in Science Fiction Adventures in Mutation, ed. Groff Conklin, Vanguard Press, 1955; Amazing Stories, October 1961; Science Fiction Classics Annual, 1970; The Ascent of Wonder: The Evolution of Hard SF eds. David Hartwell and Kathryn Cramer, Tor, 1994.
 * "The Gostak and the Doshes", Amazing Stories, March 1930. Reprinted in Avon Fantasy Reader #10, ed. Donald A. Wollheim, Avon Novels, 1949; Science Fiction Adventures in Dimension, ed. Groff Conklin, Vanguard Press, 1953; Great Science Fiction by Scientists, ed. Groff Conklin, Collier Books, 1962; Science Fiction Classics, Fall 1967; The Arbor House Treasury of Science Fiction Masterpieces, eds. Robert Silverberg and Martin H. Greenberg, Arbor House, 1983;  Amazing Stories: 60 Years of the Best Science Fiction, eds. Isaac Asimov and Martin H. Greenberg, TSR, 1985; Great Tales of Science Fiction, eds. Robert Silverberg and Martin H. Greenberg, Galahad Books, 1988; The Man with the Strange Head.
 * "The Driving Power", Amazing Stories, July 1930.
 * "The Time Valve", Wonder Stories, July 1930.
 * "The Inferiority Complex", Amazing Stories, September 1930.
 * "A Problem in Communication", Astounding Stories of Super-Science, September 1930. Reprinted in The Man with the Strange Head.
 * "On Board the Martian Liner", Amazing Stories, March 1931. Reprinted in The Man with the Strange Head.
 * "The Time Flight", Amazing Stories July 1931.
 * "The Demons of Rhadi-Mu", Amazing Stories Quarterly, Fall 1931.
 * "Mechanocracy", Amazing Stories, April 1932. Reprinted in The Man with the Strange Head.
 * "The Einstein See-Saw", Astounding Stories, April 1932. Reprinted in Avon Fantasy Reader #15, ed. Donald A. Wollheim, Avon Novels, 1951.
 * "The Perfect Planet", Amazing Stories, May 1932.
 * "The Finger of the Past", Amazing Stories, November 1932. Reprinted in The Man with the Strange Head.
 * "The Strength of the Weak", Amazing Stories, December 1933.
 * "Millions for Defense", Amazing Stories, March 1935. Reprinted in The Man with the Strange Head.
 * "Mars Colonizes", Marvel Tales, Summer 1935. Reprinted in The Garden of Fear and Other Stories, ed. William L. Crawford, Crawford Publication, 1949; The Man with the Strange Head.
 * "The Chemistry Murder Case", Amazing Stories, October 1935.
 * "Mr. Dimmitt Seeks Redress", Amazing Stories, August 1936. Reprinted in Amazing Stories, October 1966.
 * "The Company or the Weather", Amazing Stories, June 1937.
 * "Mr. Bowen's Wife Reduces", Amazing Stories, February 1938. Reprinted in Amazing Science Fiction, September 1970.
 * "The Raid from Mars", March 1939.
 * "The Disappearing Papers", Future Fiction, November 1939.
 * "The Oversight", Comet Stories, December 1940. Reprinted in The Man with the Strange Head.
 * "The Sheriff of Thorium Gulch", Amazing Stories, August 1942.

Novels

 * Paradise and Iron, Amazing Stories Quarterly, Summer 1930. Reprinted in The Man with the Strange Head.
 * The Birth of a New Republic (with Jack Williamson), Amazing Stories Quarterly, Winter 1931. Reprinted in The Metal Man and Others.

Poems

 * "The Specter", Weird Tales, March 1927.
 * "Via Scientiae", Amazing Stories, May 1930.
 * "Sonnet to Science", Amazing Stories, December 1930.

Essays

 * "The Future of Scientifiction", Amazing Stories Quarterly, Summer 1929. Reprinted in Science Fiction Classics, Summer 1968; The Man with the Strange Head.
 * "Meet the Authors", Amazing Stories, March 1939, by Isaac Asimov and five others.
 * "The New Frontier", Startling Stories, May 1940.

title: Miles Breuer


text:
Fregiécourt

Fregiécourt is a village and a former municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. Since January 1, 2009 it is a part of the new municipality La Baroche.

title: Fregiécourt


text:
Talk:American University of Rome

New article
Hello, I am the creator of this article. If you have any comments about this article or any of my other contributions, feel free to leave me a message on my user page. Also, please contribute as much information as you would like to this article, right now it is fairly basic and most of the information comes only from the school's website. Thank you. --Dunlevyd 07:51, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Isn't the school actually The American University IN Rome not of Rome? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:41, 11 December 2008 (UTC)
 * No, it's the American University OF Rome.Senantiasa (talk) 21:02, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

Please fix this article....
This article really needs some help. --<IP_ADDRESS> 21:53, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

Great job with the article... It really helped my out because I was looking in AUR for applying this school year. I have decided to apply and hopefully attend. Thanks for the article!

This article sucks. You just copied everything from the website. Beyond that, you miss the fact that Benito Mussolinis grand-daughter went there. HA!

I just wanted to clarify and address the necro-post above concerning the possible enrollment of Benito Mussolini's granddaughter to The American University of Rome. If the granddaughter being referenced is Alessandra Mussolini then it is simple a mistake. The American Overseas School of Rome is a high school and not the university. Secondly La Sapienza is sometimes referred to as the University of Rome and may also have caused confusion. Regardless, Alessandra Mussolini does not appear to have attended AUR. --- User:Emerald22 June 07 2013

Copyvio
I've removed almost all the text of this article, as it was a copy of these pages in Peterson's Four-Year Colleges. Editors are free to expand with text that doesn't infringe anyone's copyright. Deor (talk) 13:09, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 15 one external links on American University of Rome. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120927141215/http://www.hhs.gov/od/about/biomjg.html to http://www.hhs.gov/od/about/biomjg.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120612025248/http://niaf.org/news/index.asp?id=574 to http://www.niaf.org/news/index.asp?id=574
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130814011357/http://www.aaicu.org:80/member.jsp?code=16EMCDRVK to http://www.aaicu.org/member.jsp?code=16EMCDRVK
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131002225840/http://www.amicalnet.org/about/members/american-university-rome to http://www.amicalnet.org/about/members/american-university-rome
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130104132029/http://www.aur.edu:80/american-university-rome/academics/department-of-archeology-and-classics/ to http://www.aur.edu/american-university-rome/academics/department-of-archeology-and-classics/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130104132211/http://www.aur.edu:80/american-university-rome/academics/department-of-art-history/ to http://www.aur.edu/american-university-rome/academics/department-of-art-history/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130201014314/http://www.aur.edu:80/american-university-rome/academics/department-of-business-studies/ to http://www.aur.edu/american-university-rome/academics/department-of-business-studies/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130104132218/http://www.aur.edu:80/american-university-rome/academics/department-of-communication-and-english/ to http://www.aur.edu/american-university-rome/academics/department-of-communication-and-english/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121216015843/http://www.aur.edu:80/american-university-rome/academics/fine-arts-area/ to http://www.aur.edu/american-university-rome/academics/fine-arts-area/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121219001158/http://www.aur.edu:80/american-university-rome/academics/department-of-international-relations/ to http://www.aur.edu/american-university-rome/academics/department-of-international-relations/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130104132033/http://www.aur.edu:80/american-university-rome/academics/department-of-italian-studies/ to http://www.aur.edu/american-university-rome/academics/department-of-italian-studies/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131002025343/http://www.aur.edu/american-university-rome/academics/bachelor-of-arts-in-religious-studies/ to http://www.aur.edu/american-university-rome/academics/bachelor-of-arts-in-religious-studies/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120322102025/http://www.aur.edu/american-university-rome/student-life/aur-culture-club/ to http://www.aur.edu/american-university-rome/student-life/aur-culture-club/
 * Added tag to http://aurcom.wordpress.com/2011/04/08/communication-and-english-department-week-recap/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120426002324/http://torneouniversitadiroma.it/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=755&Itemid=1 to http://torneouniversitadiroma.it/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=755&Itemid=1
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140116095928/http://www.aur.edu/student-life/sports-and-activities/sport-aur-volleyball/ to http://www.aur.edu/student-life/sports-and-activities/sport-aur-volleyball/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:55, 11 October 2016 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 06:22, 27 September 2018 (UTC)
 * AUR50.png

title: Talk:American University of Rome


text:
Visual Basic/Control Structures and Logical Expressions

 * This lesson is part of the course on Visual Basic. Previous lesson: Variables and Types in VB6. Next lesson: Functions and Subroutines in VB6.

This lesson will cover the most fundamental elements of every Visual Basic program--control structures and logical expressions. Before reading any further, please review the lesson on Control structures from the Introduction to Computer Science, as you will need to understand what is meant by control structures in order to get anything out of this lesson. Please also ensure that you have read and understood Introduction to VB6 and Variables and Types in VB6 before proceeding.

Overview
"Control Structures and Logical Expressions"--wow, what a terrifying title! This should not, however, be a terrifying topic; rather, it's actually quite simple to understand. Basically, what the title can be simplified to is: "How to make your programs do more than one thing."

Up until now, you have learned how to develop VB6 applications that store values, perform mathematical computations on these values, and display the results of these computations--all of which is swell and dandy, but no more useful than your average calculator. What if you want, for instance, to determine if a number is odd, to find the factorial of a number, or to generate the Fibonacci Series? None of these tasks can be done through simple arithmetic, but rather they require something known as control structures.

Control structures in Visual Basic take two primary forms: if-statements and loops. With an if-statement, you can evaluate an expression, and perform one task if that expression is True and perform another if it's False. This allows your program to respond differently to different values and inputs, which allows for far more advanced calculations and a far wider range of possible behaviors. Loops, on the other hand, allow you to repeat the same task a given number of times, making it possible to go far beyond basic arithmetic to achieve goals such as calculating the Fibonacci series.

Logical Expressions and Operators
Before we can proceed to learning about if-statements, we must first learn about logical expressions in Visual Basic. In Variables and Types in VB6 you learned about a type of variable called a Boolean, which has only two possible values: True and False. A Boolean value can be defined explicitly using, but this usage of Booleans is rare and not particularly useful. The more common application of a Boolean is in evaluating a logical expression, any expression which can be evaluated as either True or False.

A typical logical expression in Visual Basic takes the following form:. P and Q can be either constants, variables, or logical expressions themselves. The  is a logical or comparative operator, anything that performs a comparison between P and Q and returns a Boolean value. Here's an example of a logical expression in Visual Basic:

In this example, we used the logical operator of equality, denoted by the "=" sign. This operator returns True if P is equal to Q and False if it does not. In this example, B is False because P (5) does not equal Q (7). The parentheses, though not needed, are placed around  to make clear that this is a logical expression, rather than some form of assignment.

Now, let's take a look at a few other logical operators in Visual Basic. Please note that these are not anywhere near all of the comparison and logical operators available in Visual Basic, but they are the ones you'll use most frequently.

Comparison Operators
The following operators are all comparison operators, meaning that they compare one expression to another and return a Boolean. They are all overloaded, meaning that their left-hand and right-hand expressions can be of (almost) any type.

Equality "="
As you saw in the example above, the equality operator is denoted by an equals sign ("="). This operator can be quite confusing because it is both an assignment operator and a logical operator. The distinction between whether it is acting as a logical or an assignment operator is made solely upon context--if a line begins with a variable, followed by an equals sign, followed by an expression, then the equals sign is treated as an assignment operator, meaning that the value of the following expression is written to the variable. If it is found anywhere else in a program, then it is treated as a logical operator.

 * Syntax: P = Q
 * Returns: True if P is equal to Q, and False if it is not.

Inequality "<>"
This operator is synonymous with:. In this format,  is the left hand expression, and   is the right hand expression, which is evaluated for equality. If  is True, then (True = False) is false, but if   is True, then (True = True) is True.

 * Syntax: P <> Q
 * Returns: True if P is not equal to Q, and False if P is equal to Q.

Greater Than ">"

 * Syntax: P > Q
 * Returns: True if P is greater Q, and False if P is less than or equal to Q.

Less Than "<"

 * Syntax: P < Q
 * Returns: True if P is less than Q, and False if P is greater than or equal to Q.

Greater Than Or Equal To ">="

 * Syntax: P >= Q
 * Returns: True if P is greater than or equal to Q, and False if P is less than Q.

Less Than Or Equal To "<="

 * Syntax: P <= Q
 * Returns: True if P is less than or equal to Q, and False if P is greater than Q.

Logical Operators
The following operators are logical operators that can take only Boolean values as arguments; this means that both P and Q can each be only true or false. Keep in mind that the evaluation of every logical expression returns a Boolean, thus P and Q can also be logical expressions.

While this lesson will not go into this in depth, all of these operators can also be used as bitwise operators, in which case they do not require that the expressions be Boolean, nor do they truly return Boolean. For the time being, please only use them as logical operators, as it will save you many headaches.

Negation "Not"
This operator does not take the standard form of. Instead it is a single-argument operator, that takes only one Boolean expression. The negation operator ("Not") quite simply returns the opposite of the given Boolean expression--it is synonymous with.

 * Syntax: Not P.
 * Returns:

Conjunction "And"
The Conjunction operator ("And") takes two or more Boolean expressions and returns true if both expressions are True.

 * Syntax: P And Q
 * Returns:

Disjunction "Or"
The Disjunction operator ("Or") takes two or more Boolean expressions and returns true if any of them is True.

 * Syntax: P Or Q
 * Returns:

Exclusive Disjunction "Xor"
The Exclusive Disjunction, also known as "exclusive or", operator ("Xor") takes two Boolean arguments and returns true if one, and only one, of them is True.

 * Syntax: P Xor Q
 * Returns:

If-Statements
As you learned about in Control structures, the If-Then statement is the most simplistic and widely used form of flow control. In short, an If-Statement evaluates a logical expression, performs one task if that expression is True, and does either nothing or performs a separate task if it is False. And so how do we write one in Visual Basic?

If-Statements in both VB6 and BASIC fall under three categories: the simple If-Then statement, the If-Then-Else statement, and the If-Then-ElseIf statement. If-statements may be nested inside of any other control block, including inside of other If-Statements. Nesting will be covered in depth later.

The If-Then Statement
VB6 uses the same simplistic and easily comprehendible syntax for If-Then Statements as BASIC. The If-Then Statement can be written two ways:

The  parameter can be any Boolean value or logical expression. If the code you want to execute when  is True can fit on one line, then you can write the entire If-Then statement on one line with no enclosing "End If".

The If-Then-Else Statement
But now what if you want certain code to be executed when the expression you are evaluating is true and certain code to be executed when the expression is false? You could of course write:

But instead of having to write that every time, VB6 provides an additional "Else" clause for your If-Statements. The usage is very simple:

One Step Further: ElseIf
Okay, so now that you can perform two different actions depending upon a variable's state, but what if that's just not enough? That's why VB6 also has an ElseIf statement, which has the following syntax:

You can use as many Else-If statements as you want, though you may have no more than one Else statement for every If statement.

Examples
So now that we know everything we need to know to begin using If-Statements in our code, let's look at some examples.

Loops
Now let's return to our original problem of generating the Fibonacci series. Its formula is relatively simple:
 * 1) Let x = 1, let y = 0.
 * 2) Print x.
 * 3) Let x = y + x
 * 4) Let y = x - y
 * 5) Repeat from 2.

This pseudo code will print out: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, ... as expected. But now how do we tell a Visual Basic program how to do this? The answer lies in using loops.

Loops provide the ability to repeatedly execute the same block of code, and to each time change values such that each run through the loop produces different results. Visual Basic provides four main kinds of loops: the classic Do-Loop, the Do-Until Loop, the Do-While Loop, and the For-Next Loop.

Do-Loops
The most basic form of loop in Visual Basic is the Do-Loop. Its construct is very simple:

This, quite simply, executes the block of code, and when it reaches, returns to the beginning of the Do Loop and executes the same block of code again. The same block of code will be repeatedly executed until it is told to stop executing. So let's try to apply this to our problem of generating the Fibonacci series:

And, believe it or not, this code works! Well, sorta. If you try to run this code, it will indeed generate the Fibonacci series; however, it will continually generate and print out the next number infinitely--or, in this case, until it reaches an overflow error. This is known as the problem of the infinite do-loop, one that all programmers will experience, and some quite frequently.

Exit Do
So we clearly need some way to escape from the Do-Loop. You could, of course, simply End the program once you have calculated enough values, but what if you still need to perform tasks after you're done calculating? The answer is to use the  statement. Whenever your program reaches an Exit Do statement within a loop, it will exit the current loop.

So, let's try a somewhat different approach to the Fibonacci problem. We decide that we want to calculate only eight values of the Fibonacci series, so we'll keep a counter and increment it each time throughout the loop. Then, once the counter reaches eight, we'll exit the loop.

And now we're talking! This program successfully computes and prints out the first eight values of the Fibonacci series.

Do Until
As an alternative approach to nesting an If-Statement inside the loop, and invoking  once we're done looping, Visual Basic provides a   statement. Its syntax is the following:

 can be any legal logical expression that we wish to evaluate to determine whether or not to exit the loop. Each time the program reaches  it will evaluate this expression. If the expression is True, it will exit the loop for us, but otherwise it will continue looping.. So let's try rewriting our Fibonacci program to use a Do-Until loop instead of Exit Do.

Here we've replaced the hideous  with a very simple. We must, however, still be sure to increment our counter every time through the loop, or else the Until expression will never be True, resulting in an infinite Do Loop.

Do While
In the place of, you can also use. Its syntax is the following:

 can be any legal logical expression that we wish to evaluate to determine whether or not to exit the loop. Each time the program reaches  it will verify that this expression is True, and if it is False, it will exit the loop for us. Thus, instead of exiting when an expression is True, it now exits only once this expression is false. Let's try rewriting our Fibonacci program to use a Do-While loop instead of a Do-Until loop.

For-Next Loops
In situations where you merely want to run the loop a predefined number of times, it can become quite tiresome to have to create and manage a counter for each loop, which is why we also have something called a For-Next Loop. This kind of loop allows you to specify a counter, to tell it to count from one number to another each time through the loop, and to exit once the counter has reached its upper limit. The syntax is as follows:

We used the variable name "I" above, as it is the most common name used for For-Loops; however, you can use any variable name you want, so long as the variable is of the type Integer. Now, let's improve our Fibonacci program even further:

In the example above, we first dimensioned cnt as an Integer, and then, in the declaration of the For-Next loop, set its value to 1. Each time through the loop, the value of cnt was incremented by 1 until it reached 8, at which point the loop was executed.

Exit For
As with Do Loops, there is a statement that can be used to exit a For-Next loop, and it is called. Simply invoke this statement anywhere within a For-Next loop and the current loop will be exited.

Step
By default, the variable used in the declaration of the For-Next loop is incremented by 1 each time through the loop; however, if you want to increment this value by a different amount each time through the loop, you can simply append  to the end of the For-Next loop declaration. If, for instance, we wanted to print out every even number counting backward from 20 to 0, we could do this using the following code:

Assorted Examples
The following programs are all examples that make use of many of the topics covered here. Please read through them and try to make sense of how they work. You are free to use any code present in this lesson, in part or in whole, for whatever purpose you want.

Better Fibonacci
This program takes the Fibonacci example used throughout this lesson, and modifies it slightly by adding a star next to each odd number in the series.

Factorial Calculator
This program makes use of two nested For-Next loops to print out the factorial of every number from 0 to 10.

Visual Basic/Conditionnelles et boucles


text:
1871–72 in Scottish football

Season 1871–72 marked the first occasion in which any football team from Scotland participated in official competition, either at club or international level, when Queen's Park, the foremost club of the day, entered the inaugural FA Cup.

Overview
The foundation of Queen's Park in 1867 had begun to put football, which had persisted in various wholly unorganised recreational forms for centuries, on a more organised basis. A number of other clubs had come into being, occasionally playing challenge matches against each other, but as yet no governing body for the game or organised competitions existed within Scotland. In England, the Football Association (FA) had been in existence since 1863, and in 1871–72 it staged the first ever FA Cup competition. As it was not yet apparent that the FA and its Cup would become primarily English (as opposed to British even worldwide), Queen's Park were invited to enter.

On the international front, official and fully representative matches had yet to be organised. A series of "England v Scotland" matches in London organised by C. W. Alcock had begun in 1870, however the Scottish sides were almost entirely selected from London residents, these matches are not officially recognised. It would be November 1872 before the first recognised international fixture took place.

Teams in F.A. Cup
Without any precedents to draw on, the first FA Cup was organised on a haphazard basis, as illustrated by Queen's Park's progress. They were drawn in the first round to play Donington School from Lincolnshire, the only other entrants from outwith the Home Counties, but when the clubs were unable to agree a date for the fixture, the FA permitted both to progress to the next round. This time they were paired again, but Donington withdrew from the competition. With five teams left in the competition, Queen's were awarded a bye into the semi-finals, still without having played a match.

The semi-final draw paired Queen's Park with Wanderers, and after raising money by public subscription the Scots travelled to London, where a goalless draw was secured at Kennington Oval. Queen's, however, could not afford to extend their stay long enough for the tie to be replayed and were forced to withdraw from the competition.

title: 1871–72 in Scottish football


text:
Ibn Muhriz

Abu'l-Khattab Muslim ibn Muhriz ( – died c. 757), also called Salm and Abdallah, was a well-known musician and singer of Mecca in Arabia. Of Persian origin, Ibn Muhriz was a freedman (mawla) of the Banu Abd al-Dar or Banu Makhzum. His father was one of the gatekeepers of the Ka'ba. Ibn Muhriz first studied under Ibn Misdjah and then under Azza al-Mayla. He completed musical education in Iran and Syria. Ibn Muhriz suffered from leprosy, and therefore refrained from appearing much in public. He appears to have been content to have his compositions performed by a slave girl musician. Due to his clinical condition, Ibn Muhriz may have never attended the Umayyad court at Damascus, although a passage written by the 10th-century historian al-Masudi might imply that he was a musician in the retinue of Caliph Al-Walid II ((r. undefined – undefined)743–744).

title: Ibn Muhriz


text:
User:Enkhtaivan Nyamtsersen/sandbox

Nyamtseren Enkhtaivan (Нямцэрэнгийн Энхтайван); (born June 1970) is a Mongolian politician. On July 8, 2020, the Parliament of Mongolia appointed him Minister of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia.

Personal life and education

 * Strayer University, USА Master’s Degree in Business Management (2004 – 2006)
 * National University of Mongolia Master’s Degree in Economics (1998 – 1999)
 * Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand (1997 – 1998)
 * Beijing University of Trade and Industry, PRC Bachelor’s Degree (1989 – 1993)
 * Mongolian State Polytechnic University (1988 – 1989)
 * Secondary School, Erdenet, Mongolia (1978 – 1988)

Political career

 * Since July 8th 2020 Minister for Foreign Affairs
 * Chief of Office, Caucus of the Mongolian People’s Party, State Great Hural(Parliament)(2016–2020)
 * Advisor to the Deputy Prime Minister (Feb–Aug 2015)
 * Director-General, Department of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2011–2012)
 * Counsellor on Trade and Economic Affairs, Embassy of Mongolia to the People’s Republic of China (2008–2011)
 * Head of the Administration, State Property Committee (2006–2008)
 * Deputy Head, Petroleum Authority (2003–2004)
 * Attaché, 3rd Secretary, 2nd Secretary and 1st Secretary, Embassy of Mongolia to the People’s Republic of China (1999–2003)
 * Officer and Attaché, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1996-1999)
 * Officer, Ministry of Trade and Industry (1994-1996)

title: User:Enkhtaivan Nyamtsersen/sandbox