text:
Eiji Gotō

Eiji Gotō (後藤 英次), was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.

Biography
Gotō was a native of Takanashi Village in Senboku District, Akita (what is now the city of Daisen, Akita), and a graduate of the 37th class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in 1909. After serving as a midshipman on the cruisers JAPANESE CRUISER Soya and JAPANESE CRUISER Izumo he graduated from Naval Artillery School and Torpedo Warfare School in 1911, and served as a crewman on the cruisers JAPANESE CRUISER Tsugaru, JAPANESE CRUISER Iwate and JAPANESE CRUISER Chiyoda from 1912-1914. As a lieutenant during World War I, he served on the battleship JAPANESE BATTLESHIP Aki and cruiser JAPANESE CRUISER Tokiwa, before receiving his first command, the destroyer JAPANESE DESTROYER Yayoi on 26 April 1919. He subsequently commanded the destroyers JAPANESE DESTROYER Fubuki and (as lieutenant commander) JAPANESE DESTROYER Momi.

In January 1923, Gotō was reassigned to river gunboats, as captain of the JAPANESE GUNBOAT Sumida, JAPANESE GUNBOAT Toba and JAPANESE GUNBOAT Katata, returning in December 1924 as captain of the destroyer JAPANESE DESTROYER Hishi, followed by the JAPANESE DESTROYER DD-5 in 1925. He was promoted to commander on 1 December 1926.

After a brief period of shore duty, Gotō was given command of the destroyer JAPANESE DESTROYER DD-41 in 1928, followed by the JAPANESE DESTROYER Usugumo; in December 1928 he was assigned as executive officer to the cruiser JAPANESE CRUISER Asama.

From December 1929, Gotō was assigned to command minesweeper flotillas and destroyer squadrons and was promoted to captain in December 1931. He was given command of the cruiser JAPANESE CRUISER Naka in November 1933, followed by the JAPANESE CRUISER Takao in November 1934, and the battleship JAPANESE BATTLESHIP Mutsu in December 1936. Gotō was promoted to rear admiral on 1 December 1937. During the Second Sino-Japanese War he commanded the 5th Torpedo Squadron, followed by the 2nd Torpedo Squadron. He was promoted to vice admiral on 15 October 1941.

World War II
By the outset of the war, Gotō commanded the 24th Air Flotilla. He took part in the battle for Wake Island, his bombers destroying several American aircraft on the ground on the first day of combat. But soon, his planes began to encounter fierce resistance and were only relieved by the arrival of Rear-Admiral Tamon Yamaguchi's relief force.

On February 1, 1942, while Gotō was in command of aircraft bases in the Marshall Islands and Gilbert Islands, the Allies launched the Marshalls–Gilberts raids in which Japanese positions in Micronesia were attacked by United States Navy aircraft primarily in an effort to boost American public morale. Although fewer than 18 Japanese aircraft were shot down or destroyed by bombs, Gotō came under criticism for his failure to shoot down the bombers. He was also the primary Japanese commander during the action off Bougainville on 20 February 1942 which resulted in the loss of 23 Japanese aircraft against only 2 Americans. Gotō was relieved of his combat command, and reassigned as commander of the Chinkai Guard District on 15 September 1942.

On 15 September 1944, Gotō was in command of the 12th Air Fleet, and concurrently was placed in command of the Ōminato Guard District from 15 February 1945; however, from 15 March, he was placed on the inactive list awaiting reassignment and resigned from active service on 21 May 1945.

Gotō died in 1967.

title: Eiji Gotō


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Robotics/Components/Power Sources

Though perhaps other power sources can be used, the main sources of electrical power for robots are batteries and photovoltaic cells. These can be used separately or together (for practical applications, most solar-powered robots will need a battery backup).

Photo voltaic cell

Photo Voltaic Cells, also known as solar cells are well known for their use as power sources for satellites, green energy creation and pocket calculators. In robotics solar cells are used mainly in BEAM robots. Commonly these consist of a solar cell which charges a capacitor and a small circuit which allows the capacitor to be charged up to a set voltage level and then be discharged through the motor(s) making it move.

For a larger robot solar cells can be used to charge its batteries. Such robots have to be designed around energy efficiency as they have little energy to spare.

Batteries
Batteries are an essential component of the majority of robot designs. Many types of batteries can be used. Batteries can be grouped by whether or not they are rechargeable.

Batteries that are not rechargeable usually deliver more power for their size, and are thus desirable for certain applications. Various types of alkaline and lithium batteries can be used. Alkaline batteries are much cheaper and sufficient for most uses, but lithium batteries offer better performance and a longer shelf life.

Common rechargeable batteries include lead acid, nickel-cadmium (NiCd)and the newer nickel metal-hydride (Ni-MH). NiCd & Ni-MH batteries come in common sizes such as AA, but deliver a smaller voltage than alkaline batteries (1.2V instead of 1.5V). They also can be found in battery packs with specialized power connectors. These are commonly called race packs and are used in the more expensive RC race cars. They will last for some time if used properly. Ni-MH batteries are currently more expensive than NiCd, but are less affected by memory effect.

Lead acid batteries are relatively cheap and carry quite a lot of power, although they are quite heavy and can be damaged when they are discharged below a certain voltage. These batteries are commonly used as backup power supply in alarm systems and UPS.

An extremely common problem in robots is "the microcontroller resets when I turn the motor on" problem. When the motor turns on, it briefly pulls the battery voltage low enough to reset the microcontroller. The simplest solution   is to run the microcontroller on a separate set of batteries.

History of the Battery

The first evidence of batteries comes from discoveries in Sumerian ruins dating around 250 B.C.E. Archaeological digs in Baghdad, Iraq. But the man most credited for the creation of the battery was named Alessandro Volta, who created his battery in the year 1800 C.E. called the voltaic pile. The voltaic pile was constructed from discs of zinc and copper with pieces of cardboard soaked in saltwater between the metal discs. The unit of electric force, the volt, was named to honor Alessandro Volta. A time line of breakthroughs and developments of the battery can be seen here.

How a Battery Works
Most batteries have two terminals on the exterior, one end is a positive end marked “+” and the other end is the negative marked “-”. Once a load, any electronic device, a flashlight, a clock, etc., is connected to the battery the circuit being completed, electrons begin flowing from the negative to positive end, producing a current. Electrons will keep flowing as fast as possible until the chemical reaction on the interior of the battery lasts. Inside the battery there is a chemical reaction going on producing the electrons to flow, the speed of production depends on the battery’s internal resistance. Electrons travel from the negative to positive end fueling the chemical reaction, if the battery isn’t connected then there is no chemical reaction taking place. That is why a battery (except Lithium batteries) can sit on the shelves for a year and there will still be most of the capacity to use. Once the battery is connected from positive to negative pole, the reaction starts, that explains the reason why people have gotten a burn when a 9-volt battery in their pocket touches a coin or something else metallic to connect the two ends, shorting the battery making electrons flow without any resistance, making it very, very hot.

Main Concerns Choosing a Battery

 * -        Geometry of the batteries. The shape of the batteries can be an important characteristic according to the form of the robots.
 * -        Durability. Primary(disposable) or secondary (rechargeable)
 * -        Capacity. The capacity of the battery pack in milliamperes-hour is important. It determines how long the robot will run until a new charge is needed.
 * -        Initial cost. This is an important parameter, but a higher initial cost can be offset by a longer expected life.
 * -	Environmental factors. Used batteries have to be disposed of and some of them contain toxic materials.

PRIMARY (DISPOSABLE) BATTERY TYPES
 * •	Zinc-carbon battery - mid cost - used in light drain applications
 * •	Zinc-chloride battery - similar to zinc carbon but slightly longer life
 * •	Alkaline battery - alkaline/manganese "long life" batteries widely used in both light drain and heavy drain applications
 * •	Silver-oxide battery - commonly used in hearing aids
 * •	Lithium Iron Disulphide battery - commonly used in digital cameras. Sometimes used in watches and computer clocks. Very long life (up to ten years in wristwatches) and capable of delivering high currents but expensive. Will operate in sub-zero temperatures.
 * •	Lithium-Thionyl Chloride battery - used in industrial applications, including computers and electric meters. Other applications include providing power for wireless gas and water meters. The cells are rated at 3.6 Volts and come in 1/2AA, AA, 2/3A, A, C, D & DD sizes. They are relatively expensive, but have a proven ten year shelf life.
 * •	Mercury battery - formerly used in digital watches, radio communications, and portable electronic instruments, manufactured only for specialist applications due to toxicity

Helpful link comparing the most popular types of batteries in many different types of categories

SECONDARY (RECHARGEABLE):

(Will be discussing the two most popular secondary batteries)

Lithium-ion Batteries:

Advantages:

These batteries are much lighter than non-lithium batteries of the same size. Made of Lithium (obviously) and Carbon. The element Lithium is highly reactive meaning a lot of energy can be stored there. A typical lithium-ion battery can store 150 watt-hours of electricity in 1 kilogram of battery. A NiMH (nickel-metal hydride) battery pack can store perhaps 100 watt-hours per kilogram, although 60 to 70 watt-hours might be more typical. A lead-acid battery can store only 25 watt-hours per kilogram. Using lead-acid technology, it takes 6 kilograms to store the same amount of energy that a 1 kilogram lithium-ion battery can handle. Huge difference!

Disadvantages:

Begin degrading once they are created, lasting only two or three years tops, used or not. Extremely sensitive to high temperatures, heat degrades battery even faster. If a lithium battery is completely discharged, it is ruined and a new one will be needed. Because of size and ability to discharge and recharge hundreds of times it is one of the most expensive rechargeable batteries. And a SMALL chance they could burst into flames (internal short, separator sheet inside battery keeping the positive and negative ends apart gets punctured).

Alkaline Batteries:

The anode, the positive end, is made of zinc powder because the granules have a high surface area, increasing the rate of reaction and higher electron flows. It also helps limit the rate of corrosion. Manganese dioxide is use on the cathode, or the negative side, in powder form as well. And potassium hydroxide is the electrolyte in an alkaline battery. There is a separator inside the battery to separate the electrolyte between the positive and negative electrodes.

Fuel Cells

Fuel cells are a possible future replacement for chemical cells (batteries). They generate electricity by recombining hydrogen gas and oxygen. (commercial fuel cells will probably use methanol or other simple alcohols instead of hydrogen). Currently these are very expensive, but this might change in the near future when these cells are more commonly used as a replacement for laptop batteries.

Mechanical
Another way to store energy in a robot is mechanical means. Best known method is the wind-up spring, commonly used in toys, radios or clocks.

Another example of mechanical energy storage is the flywheel. A heavy wheel used to store kinetic energy.

Air Pressure

Some robots use pneumatic cylinders to move their body. These robots can use either a bottle of pressurized air or have a compressor on board. Only the first one is a power source. The latter power source is the batteries powering the compressor. Pneumatic cylinders can deliver very large forces and can be a very good choice for larger walkers or grippers.

Chemical Fuel
The model airplanes there exist small internal combustion engines. These engines can be used to power robots either directly for propulsion or indirectly by driving an alternator or dynamo. A well designed system can power a robot for a very long time, but it's not advisable to use this power system indoors.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Robotics/Components/Power Sources


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User:Party1967

Hi I am M Chinnatty, a proponent of the open sharing of knowledge. I am a native editor with a background in local living. I am happy to improve Wikipedia. I almost used to give thankful to all whom helps to build the articles. I am active in social media as name of Mohan Madhu chinnatty, my email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>WhatsApp:<PHONE_NUMBER>6. I am so happy to  thank all the editors helping me to build up the articles

title: User:Party1967


text:
Organic Chemistry/Introduction to reactions/Redox reactions

<< Polar and radical reactions | Functional groups in reactions >>

Oxidation and reduction
Two important types of reactions in organic chemistry are oxidation and reduction.

In oxidation reactions, the oxidized species loses electron density.

In reduction reactions, the reduced species gains electron density.

Of course, these two actions happen in unison as one species is reduced and the other is oxidized. The term redox was coined from the fragments red (reduction) and ox (oxidation). A standard mnemonic for the terms is “OILRIG”: oxidation is loss, reduction is gain.

Oxidation
Oxidation was first observed when oxygen drew electrons off of metals, which were then referred to as "oxidized". (Oxygen is more elecronegative than most other elements.) The term was then applied later to the part of any reaction where electrons are drawn off. Other elements that commonly oxidize in organic reactions include halogens like chlorine and bromine.

Reduction
Reduction of a chemical species results in the gain of electrons for that species. This does not necessarily include any change in formal charge; any time an atom increases its electron density even a little bit it is said to be reduced. For example, if an oxygen is removed from a carbon and replaced by a hydrogen (assume the oxygen is also bonded to another atom), the formal charge of the carbon does not change. However, the carbon "sees" a greater share of the electrons from the single bond to hydrogen than it did for the single bond to oxygen. That is because hydrogen is less electronegative than oxygen and gives up its electrons a bit more easily than oxygen does. So a carbon bonded to hydrogen can take up more of its electron density than the same carbon bonded to oxygen.

Oxidation numbers
It's possible to assign an “oxidation number” to each atom in a molecule. There are a two different approaches to this. For organic molecules it is generally possible to find all the oxidation numbers using a set of simplified rules. There is no single best set of rules, but as an example, given in order of decreasing priority:
 * 1) The sum of oxidation numbers in any species is equal to its overall charge.
 * 2) Oxidation number of hydrogen is +1. Exceptions: it is -1 when bound to a metal and 0 when bound only to itself.
 * 3) Oxidation number of fluorine is -1, unless bound to itself.
 * 4) Oxidation number of oxygen is -2, unless bound to itself or a more electronegative element, such as fluorine.

From this it is possible to find, for example, that the oxidation state of carbon in methanal: We find that: Denoting the oxidation number of carbon as $c$, we have
 * Oxygen has oxidation number -2.
 * Hydrogen has oxidation number +1
 * The overall charge, and so the total oxidation number, is zero.

$1 × (−2) + 2 × 1 + c = 0 = c$

Carbon has oxidation number zero. Verify for yourself that in methane it has −4, and in ethane −3.

An alternative and more general approach is to take the structure of the molecule, and break the bonds such that:
 * In a heteronuclear bond (between different atoms) the more electronegative atom gains all the electrons.
 * In a homonuclear bond (both atoms are the same) the electrons are divided evenly between the atoms.

As usual, a single bond holds two electrons and a double bond four. (There are further complications which we will not go into here.) The charge of each atom after this process is its oxidation number. Given that oxygen is more electronegative than carbon, which is more electronegative than hydrogen, verify that this gives the same results as before for methanal, methane, and ethane.

Both methods give the result that in a neutral species containing only a single element (such as H2 or graphene) all atoms have oxidation state 0.

<< Alkanes | << Polar and radical reactions | Redox reactions | Functional groups in reactions >> | Introduction to functional groups >>


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/sheetalkapoor.biz

Links

 * sheetalkapoor.biz resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * sheetalkapoor.biz is hosted on anuviz.com
 * anuviz.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * COIBot domainredlist search for link sheetalkapoor.biz gives:
 * sheetalkapoor.biz (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist (diff))
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * COIBot domainredlist search for link sheetalkapoor.biz gives:
 * sheetalkapoor.biz (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist (diff))
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 11 additions.


text:
User:HagermanBot~enwikiversity/OptOut

By default, HagermanBot watches all users for unsigned comments. If you do not wish to have HagermanBot watch for unsigned comments left by your Wikiversity account, click the link below to change the engine. Changes will take effect immediately.

[ Stop Watching Me]

or

[ Resume Watching Me]

title: User:HagermanBot~enwikiversity/OptOut


text:
cyclostylar

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or pertaining to a cyclostyle (a circular group of columns without a core).

title: cyclostylar


text:
User:Mdupont/LuigiZummoPollara

This is the starting point for my great uncles page. Luigi Pollara: Social Security Death Index (SSDI) Death Record Name:  Luigi Pollara State of Issue: New Jersey Date of Birth: Friday  May  08, 1914 Date of Death: Friday  July  29, 1994 Est. Age at Death:     80 years, 2 months, 21 days Last known residence: City:  Belmar; Lake Como; Shark River Manor; South Belmar; Wall; Wall Township; West Belmar County:        Monmouth State: New Jersey ZIP Code:      07719 Latitude:      40.1681 Longitude:     -74.0774

he did work for nasa in 1963-1964.

He was thanked in the book from Tadmor and Gogos.

http://mechanical.njit.edu/docs/gogos_abstract_Jan07.pdf

papers
Separation Science

Volume 1, Issue 6, 1966 Application of Factor Analysis to the Prediction of Activity Coefficients of Nonelectrolytes DOI: 10.1080/01496396608049473 Philip T. Funke, Edmund R. Malinowski, Daniel E. Martire & Luigi Z. Pollara pages 661-676

title: User:Mdupont/LuigiZummoPollara


text:
Precalculus

Precalculus is an advanced form of secondary school algebra intended to prepare students for the study of calculus. Pre-calculus typically includes a review of algebra, as well as an introduction to exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions and analytic geometry. Equivalent courses are introduction to analysis, college algebra, and trigonometry.

In detail, precalculus deals with:

Numbers

 * Sets
 * Complex numbers
 * Real numbers
 * Imaginary numbers

Function

 * Properties of functions
 * Composite functions
 * Polynomial functions
 * Rational functions
 * Exponential functions
 * Logarithmic functions
 * Polar coordinates system

Equation

 * Polynomial equations
 * Parametric equations
 * Differential equation
 * Ordinary differential equations
 * Solving equations and inequalities
 * Matrices

Trigonometry

 * Trigonometry
 * Trigonometric functions and their function inverses
 * Trigonometric identities
 * Conic sections
 * Sequences and Series
 * Binomial theorem
 * Euclidean vectors
 * Mathematical induction

title: Precalculus


text:
Top-rated United States television programs of 1967–68

This table displays the top-rated primetime television series of the 1967–68 season as measured by Nielsen Media Research.


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/requests/God of War (video game)

God of War (video game)

 * This is the archived discussion of the TFAR nomination for the article below. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/requests). Please do not modify this page.

The result was: scheduled for Today's featured article/March 22, 2015 by Brianboulton (talk) 20:05, 4 March 2015 (UTC)

 God of War is a third person action-adventure video game for the PlayStation 2, first released on March 22, 2005. Loosely based on Greek mythology, it is the first installment in the series of the same name and the third chronologically. The player controls Kratos, a Spartan warrior who serves the Olympian Gods. The goddess Athena tasks him with killing Ares, the God of War, who tricked Kratos into killing his own wife and child. As Ares besieges Athens out of hatred for Athena, Kratos embarks on a quest to find the one object capable of stopping the god: the legendary Pandora's Box. The gameplay focuses on combo-based combat and features quick time events that require the player to complete game controller actions in a timed sequence to defeat stronger enemies and bosses. The player can use magical attacks, and the game also features puzzles and platforming elements. The eleventh best-selling PlayStation 2 game of all time, it sold more than 4.6 million copies worldwide. Regarded as one of the best action-adventure games for the platform and noted for its graphics, sound, presentation, and story, it won several "Game of the Year" awards.

 * Most recent similar article(s): Last God of War TFA was God of War: Chains of Olympus on April 19, 2013; Video games in general will be Final Fantasy VIII on February 11, 2015
 * Main editors: JDC808
 * Promoted: May 9, 2013
 * Reasons for nomination: March 22, 2015 is the tenth anniversary of this game's release. This game has become one of the top action games and the franchise is one of the most popular for the PlayStation brand.
 * Support as nominator. JDC808   ♫  16:18, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support; major anniversary of significant release with no known other video game articles in the near vicinity. Tezero (talk) 16:56, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support, what Tezero said. Freikorp (talk) 23:18, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I added a little bit to get closer to 1200 characters. Looks good. - Dank (push to talk) 03:27, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks to the above three. -- JDC808  ♫  04:06, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support - Good reading. --BabbaQ (talk) 18:29, 13 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Template:Scriptoutline

The Unformatted Movie Script "Seduced by the Dark Side!"

EXTERIOR - The local movie theater - NIGHT

(1 & 2) The young person and old person stand looking at the movie poster outside the theater.

(3) Young Person: "That was a great movie..."

(4) Young Person (contined): "but I do not understand one thing."

(5) Old Person: "What's that?"

(6) Young Person: "How can anyone be seduced by the Dark Side?"

(7) The old person thinks for a while. Old Person: "Humm!"

(8) Old Person: "What computer do you have at home?"

(9) Young Person (eagerly): "A Macintosh!"

(10) Old Person: "But what computer does your father use at work?"

(11) The young person thinks for a moment. Young Person: "Humm!"

(12) Young Person (amazed and excited): "Seduced by the Dark Side!"

(13) The old person smiles. Old Person: "Ahh!"

(14) The old person and the young person walk toward home together.

(15) Fade to black.

 * The End

.

title: Template:Scriptoutline


text:
Navstar 7

Navstar 7, also known as GPS I-7 and GPS SVN-7, was an American navigation satellite which was lost in a launch failure in 1981. It was intended to be used in the Global Positioning System development program. It was the seventh of eleven Block I GPS satellites to be launched, and the only one to fail to achieve orbit.

Background
Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clock navigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.

Spacecraft
The first eleven spacecraft (GPS Block 1) were used to demonstrate the feasibility of the GPS system. They were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solar arrays supplied over 400 watts. They had S-band communications for control and telemetry and Ultra high frequency (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. They were manufactured by Rockwell Space Systems, were 5.3 meters across with solar panels deployed, and had a design life expectancy of 5 years. Unlike the later operational satellites, GPS Block 1 spacecraft were inclined at 63°.

Launch
Navstar 7 was launched at 01:10 UTC on 19 December 1981, atop an Atlas E launch vehicle with an SGS-1 upper stage. The Atlas used had the serial number 76E, and was originally built as an Atlas E. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 3E at Vandenberg Air Force Base.

During preparations for launch, a seal on the number B2 engine of the MA-3 booster section of the Atlas was replaced. Sealant from this seeped into three coolant holes, plugging them. Four seconds after liftoff, the engine overheated and burned through its gas generator, severing an oxidiser line. Within seven and a half seconds of launch, the engine lost thrust, causing the rocket to pitch out of control. It was destroyed by range safety officer, with debris landing within 150 m of the launch pad, less than twenty seconds after liftoff.

Mission
If the launch had been successful, it would have placed Navstar 7 into a transfer orbit, from which the satellite would have raised itself into medium Earth orbit by means of a Star-27 apogee motor. The spacecraft had a design life of 5 years and a mass of 758 kg.

title: Navstar 7


text:
Cryptography/Other Substitution Cyphers

Playfair Cipher
Playfair cipher consists of a table of 5x5 letters. The table have all of the 26 english letters. The arrangement and distribution of the letters in the table depends on the chosen key.

Creating the table
Lets have the word ENCRYPTION as a key.

Start with writing the key word in the table, each letter in a cell. If a letter appears more than once in the key word, it is only included once in the table.

The letters (I) and (J) were combined in a single cell, so we will have 24 cells for the rest of 24 letters.

After writing the key word to the table, fill the remaining cells alphabetically.

So far, you will get this table. Note that the letter (N) from the key word was not repeated and the letters (I) and (J) are in the same cell.

Encryption
Lets have the following sentence as a plaintext: I will meet you.
 * 1) Start by cutting the plaintext into fixed size units, each containing two letters.
 * 2) While creating units, if you get a unit has the same letter, insert (X) between them and transfer the right letter to the next unit.
 * 3) If you have a single letter in the last unit, add (X).

You will get this: Now we need to exchange each unit with its corresponding ciphered unit. To do that there is 3 rules:
 * 1) If the two letter in the same column,substitute each letter with the one below. If the letter was the last one in the column take the first letter in the same column (IW-->FC).
 * 2) If the two letter in the same row,substitute each letter with the one in the right. If the letter was the most right letter,take the first letter in the left from the same row(LM-->MQ).
 * 3) otherwise,Intersect the row of the first letter in the unit with the column of the second letter in the same unit, this will give the first letter. And intersect the column of the first letter in the unit with the row of the second letter in the same unit to get the seconde letter(IL-->TM).

The encrypted units will be this: The ciphertext will be:  FCTMMQRUNPRAVZ .

Decryption
To decrypt, start by cutting the ciphertext into units. Then use the table to get the plaintext using the same rules. However, there are some differences:
 * 1) If the two letter in the same column,substitute each letter with the one above. If the letter was the first one in the column take the last letter in the same column (FC-->I/Jw).
 * 2) If the two letter in the same row,substitute each letter with the one in the left. If the letter was the most left letter,take the first letter in the right from the same row(MQ-->LM).
 * 3) otherwise,Intersect the row of the first letter in the unit with the column of the second letter in the same unit, this will give the first letter. And intersect the column of the first letter in the unit with the row of the second letter in the same unit to get the seconde letter(TM-->I/JL).

title: Cryptography/Other Substitution Cyphers


text:
Escadrille Spa.152

Escadrille Spa.152 (originally Escadrille N.152) was a French fighter squadron active 1917 through 1918 during World War I. It was credited with destruction of 15 German airplanes, 27 observation balloons, and a Zeppelin.

History
Escadrille Spa.152 was formed under VII Armee auspices at Lyon-Bron, France on 9 July 1917. As a Nieuport fighter squadron, it was designated Escadrille N.152. In May 1918, the squadron refitted with SPAD fighters, and was renamed Escadrille Spa.152. On 4 June 1918, it was incorporated into a makeshift unit that became Groupe de Combat 22 on 1 July 1918. The Groupe was shifted about in its combat operations between three French field armies as the war ground down to its 11 November 1918 ceasefire. Final aerial victory credits for the squadron came to destruction of 15 enemy airplanes, 27 observation balloons, and a Zeppelin.

Commanding officers

 * Lieutenant Charles Lefevre: 9 July 1917 - 20 November 1917
 * Lieutenant Louis Delrieu: 20 November 1917 - 19 August 1918
 * Capitaine L. Bonne: 19 August 1918 - Armistice

Notable members

 * Lieutenant Léon Bourjade
 * Sous lieutenant Ernest Maunoury

Aircraft

 * Nieuport fighters: 9 July 1917 - May 1918
 * SPAD fighters: May 1918 onwards

title: Escadrille Spa.152


text:
cecchino

Etymology
Of origin, influenced by the name, nickname of  during the period of the.

Noun

 * 1) sniper

title: cecchino


text:
Statistics/Summary/Averages/mean

Mean
The mean, or more precisely the arithmetic mean, is simply the arithmetic average of a group of numbers (or data set) and is shown using -bar symbol $$\bar {}$$. So the mean of the variable $$x$$ is $$\bar{x}$$, pronounced "x-bar". It is calculated by adding up all of the values in a data set and dividing by the number of values in that data set :$$\bar x={\sum_{}x\over n}$$.For example, take the following set of data: {1,2,3,4,5}. The mean of this data would be:
 * $$\bar x={\sum_{}x\over n}={1+2+3+4+5 \over 5}={15 \over 5}=3$$

Here is a more complicated data set: {10,14,86,2,68,99,1}. The mean would be calculated like this:
 * $$\bar x={\sum_{}x\over n}={10+14+86+2+68+99+1 \over 7}={280 \over 7}=40$$

Median
The median is the "middle value" in a set. That is, the median is the number in the center of a data set that has been ordered sequentially.

For example, let's look at the data in our second data set from above: {10,14,86,2,68,99,1}. What is its median?

 * First, we sort our data set sequentially: {1,2,10,14,68,85,99}
 * Next, we determine the total number of points in our data set (in this case, 7.)
 * Finally, we determine the central position of or data set (in this case, the 4th position), and the number in the central position is our median - {1,2,10,14,68,85,99}, making 14 our median.

Because our data set had an odd number of points, determining the central position was easy - it will have the same number of points before it as after it. But what if our data set has an even number of points?

Let's take the same data set, but add a new number to it: {1,2,10,14,68,85,99,100} What is the median of this set?

When you have an even number of points, you must determine the two central positions of the data set. (See side box for instructions.) So for a set of 8 numbers, we get (8 + 1) / 2 = 9 / 2 = 4 1/2, which has 4 and 5 on either side.

Looking at our dataset, we see that the 4th and 5th numbers are 14 and 68. From there, we return to our trusty friend the mean to determine the median. (14 + 68) / 2 = 82 / 2 = 41. find the median of 2, 4, 6, 8 => firstly we must count the numbers to determine its odd or even as we see it is even so we can write: M=(4+6)/2=10/2=5 5 is the median of above sequential numbers.

Mode
The mode is the most common or "most frequent" value in a data set. Example: the mode of the following data set (1, 2, 5, 5, 6, 3) is 5 since it appears twice. This is the most common value of the data set. Data sets having one mode are said to be unimodal, with two are said to be bimodal and with more than two are said to be multimodal. An example of a unimodal dataset is {1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9}. The mode for this data set is 4. An example of a bimodal data set is {1, 2, 2, 3, 3}. This is because both 2 and 3 are modes. Please note: If all points in a data set occur with equal frequency, it is equally accurate to describe the data set as having many modes or no mode.

Midrange
The midrange is the arithmetic mean strictly between the minimum and the maximum value in a data set.

Relationship of the Mean, Median, and Mode
The relationship of the mean, median, and mode to each other can provide some information about the relative shape of the data distribution. If the mean, median, and mode are approximately equal to each other, the distribution can be assumed to be approximately symmetrical. If the mean > median > mode, the distribution will be skewed to the right. If the mean < median < mode, the distribution will be skewed to the left.

Questions
1. There is an old joke that states: "Using median size as a reference it's perfectly possible to fit four ping-pong balls and two blue whales in a rowboat." Explain why this statement is true.

<< Averages | Statistics | Geometric Mean >>

title: Statistics/Summary/Averages/mean


text:
Muskego-Norway School District

The Muskego-Norway School District is a school district in southeastern Wisconsin that serves students in the Waukesha County suburb of Muskego, part of Norway, a small part of New Berlin, and most of Wind Lake. The district has an enrollment of nearly 4,900 students in three elementary schools, two middle schools, and one high school. There are about 327 teachers and 19 administrators employed by the district.

title: Muskego-Norway School District


text:
User:Eastlaw/Clinical population

A clinical population is a population in a survey or study that consists of people who are undergoing or have undergone treatment. The use of a clinical population rather than the general population can sometimes bias sociological studies because the participants are people who have sought or been referred to treatment. If, for example, the study were testing the effects of incest, and the survey population consisted of psychological patients, it would tend to exclude those who did not experience problems leading to a perceived need for psychological treatment. It could, therefore, produce misleading conclusions as to how harmful incest is. A similar problem occurs with studies involving prisoner populations. Despite the disadvantages, such populations are sometimes used in research because of relatively easy availability of such populations to researchers.

title: User:Eastlaw/Clinical population


text:
UAB (company)

uab (formerly known as United Amara Bank) is a private commercial bank in Myanmar.

History
uab was one of 4 private banks to commence operations in August 2010, the first new financial institutions in the country since the establishment of Innwa Bank in 1997. uab bank has a network of over 79 branches in 53 townships across Myanmar. Christopher Loh is the CEO of the bank.

The bank is majority owned by Ne Aung, the son of Aung Thaung, who has been blacklisted by the United States Treasury on 31 October 2014 for his membership in the country's ruling military junta, the State Peace and Development Council and his attempts to undermine Burma's economic and political reforms.

In 2016, uab bank and Asian Development Bank signed a trade finance agreement to support businesses in Myanmar. In 2017, uab bank launched Visa-branded credit cards in Myanmar to cater to the demand for electronic payments in the country.

uab bank and Global Star Co. Ltd. partnered with Huawei to distribute solar energy products in Myanmar.

Awards and nominations
Global Banking & Finance Awards gave uab bank, Best Banking CEO Myanmar award in 2019.

In 2022, uab bank was given Best bank in Myanmar award by The Euromoney Awards for Excellence.

title: UAB (company)


text:
Global Maritime Forum

The Global Maritime Forum is an international not-for-profit organisation for the global maritime industry. It convenes leaders from across the maritime community with policy-makers, experts, NGOs and other influential decision-makers.

Initiatives
The Getting to Zero Coalition is a partnership between the Global Maritime Forum and the World Economic Forum. Launched at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in New York in 2019, the Getting to Zero Coalition is a platform that convenes around 200 stakeholders from across the shipping and fuels value chain. The goal of the Getting to Zero Coalition is to have commercially viable Zero Emission Vessels operating along deep sea trade routes by 2030, supported by the necessary infrastructure for scalable zero-carbon energy sources including production, distribution, storage and bunkering. The ultimate ambition of the Getting to Zero Coalition is to reach the full decarbonization of global shipping by 2050; in 2021, Call to Action initiative was developed with more than 150 industry leaders and organizations urging governments and global shipping industry to commit to full decarbonization of international shipping by 2050.

Founding partners
The 14 founding partners of the Global Maritime Forum are A.P. Møller-Mærsk, Arshiya Limited, Euronav, GasLog, Gorrissen Federspiel, Gulf Agency Company, Heidrick & Struggles, Hempel Group, KfW IPEX-Bank MISC, Onassis Foundation, PSA International, Trafigura and Wan Hai Lines.

Secretariat
The organization is based in Copenhagen.

Summits
The first summit of the Global Maritime Forum took place in Hong Kong, October 2018.

title: Global Maritime Forum


text:
Talk:Eminem albums discography/Archive 1

Worldwide Sales
www.worldwidealbums.net is a reliable source for The Re Up and Relapse. As far as for the eminem show and the marshall mathers lp on those albums pages they say over 20 million and they source it. So i'm just making sure the discography matches one the album page does and vice versa. I'm not just picking numbers out of thin air. Maybe i'm not sourcing right or something but i'm really not trying to vandalize. I'm just trying to get it as specific as possible. The album pages should not say over 20 million when the discography say's 19 Million + it should be 20 Million + if you wanted to be specific. Some may say what's the difference between 19 million + and 20 Million plus but i believe there is a difference. Hopefully this is a good enough explanation. If not then i don't know. —Preceding unsigned comment added by SAUspartan (talk • contribs) 03:05, 3 July 2009 (UTC)

Adding more countries
I think Ireland should be added to the discography aswell as a few other nations. —Preceding unsigned comment added by AJS2050 (talk • contribs) 16:53, 26 June 2010 (UTC)

Slim Shady EP
Somebody should put the us sales in a seperate column like all the other albums and not in the album details section. —Preceding unsigned comment added by SAUspartan (talk • contribs) 18:52, 20 June 2009 (UTC)

It has sold over 250,000 copies according to the XXL issue referenced. —Preceding unsigned comment added by SAUspartan (talk • contribs) 12:21, 2 July 2009 (UTC)

Straight from the Lab EP
There exists a ep named as said above. It also has an article here. Is there a specific reason why it isn't featured in this list? If not, please add. --DasallmächtigeJ (talk) 18:28, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

Infinite sales
Infinte was re-released in 2003. Does anybody know how it sold and is able to add this here? --DasallmächtigeJ (talk) 18:28, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

New Albums
Somebody needs to add Eminem's Two newest albums to the page: "TBM" and "The pre-king Mathers". i own both and i was hopeing to be aboul to read something about them but they weren't there. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:05, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

SoundScan date
how was the SoundScan data found for this page? <IP_ADDRESS> 06:31, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Add This
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminem:_Get_the_Guns

Latvian chart numbers
I removed the info on how well some of the singles charted in Lativa. No offense intended to anyone from Latvia, but this is not important information.

Even if it were necessary to add chart numbers from countries besides UK/US, I think other countries with larger markets would come first... Garrettcobb 22:48, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Missing Album
Recently, I came across a song called "The Kidz" by Eminem. When I looked up the lyrics on letssingit it was listed(along with several other songs) under the album title "Off the Wall". I'd like to know why that album isn't listed here.
 * Off The Wall was a bootleg made up of songs that were bonus tracks on singles or albums (as in the case of "The Kids" - it was a bonus track on the Marshall Mathers LP in the UK), songs from other artists that Eminem featured on and leaked tracks that didn't make it onto his albums. I don't think it should be on there as there were no new tracks on that bootleg. Straight From The Lab EP, while also a bootleg, was made up entirely of new tracks so it makes sense that it stays. <IP_ADDRESS> 20:00, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

FACK
I deleted FACK from the list of singles. It's on Curtain Call, but it's not going to be released as a single.<IP_ADDRESS> 10:58, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

Guest Appearances
Fixed the links to Duets: The Final Chapter and Devil Without a Cause.<IP_ADDRESS> 19:15, 5 April 2006 (UTC)
 * there are 2 songs i know that are missing. Number 1): "The Last Hit (Original Version)" by The High & Mighty & Eminem from the album "Eastern Conference All Stars III" (2002 I think) and 2.) "Realest Niggas" performed by Eminem, Notorious B.I.G. & 50 Cent from the "White Chicks" soundtrack (2004) please update the list^^

Other rare tracks?
I think other tracks such as 'Hellbound' should be included, perhaps in a new section, stating where they came from (The Kids could be included in this); to give a comprehensive list. The hellbound H&H remix was on the compilation CD (ie various artists) 'game over'. is that where it came from.. what about the un-remixed version.. does it even exist?.. anyway i'm sure there are many more tracks that arent on any of the albums or bootlegs listed. actually i shall start this but it certainly needs more input.. Also, what about being an honourary memeber of the 'Outsidaz' on their 'Night Life' CD?Bungalowbill 16:35, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

(probably most) complete eminem discography
Can someone integrate the list from http://www.d12world.com/board/showthread.php?t=243665 here..?

Formatting
I'm going to start reformatting this discogrpahy like The Beatles discography, if anyone wants assist. Phoenix2 18:22, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

Stop Changing Format
Please do not change the format of the article. Wikipedia discography's are made to be split up into sections. Underground albums do not go with mainstream albums License2Kill 18:33, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

Sales Number
What's up with the fake certifications? Check the friggin' riaa.com searchable database and you'll find his real certifications, such as Encore going 4x Platiunum and The MM LP going 9x. Kajito 22:49, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

 * The riaa does not report on albums 8 years after they come out. The last time they probably reported on one of his albums, it was most likely a platinum certification lower than it currently is.

Removed vandalism
I have removed recent vandalism from this page License2Kill 22:06, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

RIAA Certifications
Please stop changing the official RIAA certifications. Go to RIAA.com and you'll see that Slim Shady LP is 4x, Marshall Mathers LP is 9x, Eminem Show is 8x, Encore is 4x, Curtain Call: The Hits is 2x, 8 Mile is 4x, Devil's Night is 1x, and D12 World is 2x. SlimShady6135 20:26, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

 * The RIAA does not report on albums 5,6,7, or 8 years after they come out. The Slim Shady LP sold over 3 million by the end of 1999, 4,707,000 by mid 2000, and over 5.3 million now. Look in the 8 Mile DVD under biography, it says that The Slim Shady LP has sold over 5 million in the U.S. and over 8 million world wide (which is currently 9 million). The Marshall Mathers LP sold over 8 million by the end of 2000. By late 2001, it's sales figure was 9.4 million. It was certified diamond in 2003. Everybody who knows anything about rap knows that there are 4 rap albums to sell 10 million: Please Hammer Don't Hurt Em', Life After Death, The Marshall Mathers LP, and Speakerboxx/The Love Below. The Eminem Show sold 7.6 million by the end of 2002 and 8.8 million by the end of 2003. I don't know exactly how much it is currently at but I know that an album that has sold 8,885,000 (according to the very reliable Rolling Stone Magazine) by late 2002 has been able to sell a measly 115,000 in over 4 years. Encore sold 4.7 million by mid to late 2005. Almost all reports on Eminem involving his albums, discography, or record sales have clocked Encore at over 5 million. An album doesn't even always have to sell the exact number of millions to be certified that many times platinum. I know that an album (especially an Eminem album) can sell 200 to 300 thousand in nearly 2 years. Devil's Night sold 524,000 copies in it's first week of release. It's common sense that an album that has sold over half a million in one week will sell way more than another half million in the following 6 years. It's at 2.2 million. Go to the billboardcharts.com and you will see that The Re-Up has the platinum symbol next to its name. Plus 925,000 (that's what The Re-Up's current sales figure is) is more than enough to get a platinum certification for shipments of over 1 million copies.

The RIAA certifications only apply to the United States and not the rest of the world. Could anyone find out his FULL total. Its around 65/70 million i believe.

 * The Slim Shady LP has sold 9 million worldwide, The Marshall Mathers LP-21 million, The Eminem Show-20 million, and Encore-12.5 million. Plus Curtain Call's 7 million. That would put him at well over 70 million if all of the hundred thousands were to be counted.

Yes, but it doesn't help to just guess how many times platinum it went worldwide. Either find a source and post it or don't change it at all. SlimShady6135 19:39, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

Would someone add that he has sold over 70 million? Refere http://www.mtv.tv/mtv.tv/dynamo/shells/artist_of_the_week.jhtml;jsessionid=GYCT1VPRA0ZFDQFIAIISFE4AVABBEIV0?article=30113358nce (This is also Ref 5 on the main page) I will leave it for somone to place appropriately. Thanks

RIAA does update their figures. For example, Mariah Carey's numbers were updated 3 years ago from albums that were over 16 years old. Therefore, I am going to change the RIAA certifications to their correct certification. We are not going to guess what they will put later on. If we want to add sales numbers, go again and do so, but please do not change the RIAA certification when it has not been certified that yet. Ayumi4u 07:15, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

 * One artist is not enough to argue that the RIAA updates their figures. They might do that every 3 years for Mariah Carey but that's one person. Another thing is that they probably updated her sales figures because she was on the eve of a huge comeback with the Emancipation Of Mimi album. When someone is the center of attention, everybody gets the right info because that person is always on camera and being talked about. If you even read what I typed above then you wouldn't say I was just guessing. The numbers need to be changed. You don't know what it's been certified so far so stop lowering his numbers for your own personal pleasure.
 * Personal pleasure? Please. You need to keep inflating his numbers. On the RIAA page, it says it is certified 9x PLATINUM. NOT DIAMOND. If we are going to use RIAA certification, then we are going to put the CORRECT CERTIFICATION. You obviously have no idea what you are talking about if you say I don't know what it has been certified. Go their website, http://www.riaa.com. Go to search data base and type in Eminem. You will see that the certifications we will be using are in there, which is 9x platinum, not diamond. Your Mariah Carey arguement can be thrown out for the following reason: they updated her figures about 3 years ago, which is 2 years before her comeback. She was not even close to center of attention then. If you want me to find more artists believe me I can. They've done so with Whitney Houston, The Beatles, etc. I am trying to be neutral, in fact on the Mariah page they've inflated her sales a lot too. Everyone does it. I'm here to put the correct sales. However, if you want to put his CORRECT sold number of cds according to soundscan, you may do so, just put the correct number. Bottom line: he has no diamond albums as of 4/12/07 according to the RIAA, which is what we are using. Ayumi4u 23:46, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

what a lot of people changing the certs don't understand is that an album's RIAA certification does not necessarily reflect actual retail sales. RIAA certification is a service that the artist's record company has to pay for. If Interscope has not applied for new certifications of Eminem's albums recently (and they haven't), retail sales since the last certification will not be reflected. So the current solution, which is to post Soundscan figures (which are more up-to-date) below the RIAA cert, is probably the best way to go. If an album has sold 10 million copies in the U.S. but is only 5x Platinum, that generally just means the album has sold about five million copies since the record label last had it certified. IT DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE ALBUM IS 10X PLATINUM. IT WILL ONLY REACH THAT LEVEL WHEN THE ARTIST'S LABEL APPLIES FOR NEW CERTIFICATIONS. (As an additional note, ukmix.org reports that music club sales in the U.S., which aren't tracked by Soundscan, stand at about 1.5 million. Whether we want to include music club sales where available is another issue, but combined with the Soundscan total of about 10 million, estimated U.S. sales of "Marshall Mathers" stand at about 11.5 million. Visit ukmix.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=21747&start=0 for more information.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:37, 14 March 2008 (UTC)
 * See WP:RS - forums aren't a reliable source. Spellcast (talk) 18:47, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

From my understanding, records only get a certification if they apply for it (and pay?). So the number of albums sold could easily be over the diamond threshold, with ever being certified diamond. Until a new certification is applied for, it is not diamond certified, but still 9xplatinum, irrespective of actual sales.YobMod 12:30, 16 April 2009 (UTC)
 * THANK YOU. It feels like I'm alone at preventing sales boosting. Do U(knome)?  yes...or no 19:13, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

'''I'm sure Interscope will apply for these certifications once say the eminem show passes 10,000,000 in sales so they can kill two birds with one stone. They probably figure it's not worth the money to do it just for one album. No other hip hop artist is going to claim to sell more than eminem anytime soon. He will have his diamond albums eventually. Be patient people.'''

As it's been said here, to all fanboys, don't start modifying the real RIAA certifications to your own pleasure. MMLP is 9x Platinum and the Eminem Show is 8x. It's possible that the albums have sold more, but that doesn't have anything to do with the certifications anymore then (read above). So you can't say that MMLP is Diamond just if it has sold over 10 million copies if it hasn't been certified as so. Yeah, it sounds weird, but this is a place for official info, fan material can go elsewhere. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Koord (talk • contribs) 18:15, 28 June 2009 (UTC)

Exactly. I'm one of the biggest Eminem fanboys out there but I am tired of all the people changing the certifications as well. Both The Marshall Mathers L.P and The Eminem Show will be certified diamond eventually so people just have to be patient. It's just whenever Interscope feels like sending them in to get certified. Eminem will get his diamond albums. I have to believe that once The Eminem Show passes 10 Million (It's at least at 9.75 right now) that they will apply for both. —Preceding unsigned comment added by SAUspartan (talk • contribs) 13:37, 29 June 2009 (UTC)

Pictures
Who got rid of the album pictures. I would put them back if I knew how but I don't so somebody please do it. It makes the page look better. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:13, 7 April 2007 (UTC).

Label
Eminem excluding D12 albums has only released two albums on Shady Records (The Re-up and the 8-mile soundtrack). The Marshall Mathers LP, Slim Shady LP, The Eminem Show, Encore, and Curtain Call have all been Aftermath albums.

TahoeLT 23:01, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Please explain your edits in an edit summary, and please give sources where appropriate. Without either, your edits are very likely to be reverted. --Mel Etitis ( Talk ) 09:03, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

Album Covers
add the album covers to his albums info, same with 50 Cent, Nas, The Game (rapper) add album covers looks nicer.. why to remove and limit? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Football 7 (talk • contribs) 18:34, 3 May 2007 (UTC).

List of songs produced by Eminem
This either needs to be merged ad redirected here or deleted. I was about to open an AfD, but if someone does the merging, that would be fine; I'll hold off for a couple of days. --Mel Etitis ( Talk ) 21:28, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

Images
Hey people, i just wanted to tell that, it was me who added the album covers to this article. Don't remove it please, looks much better with covers. Football 7 16:39, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

seconded and redone Superior1 06:48, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

Somethings wrong
Eminem has sold over 65,000,000 albums but when I count it up all on this page it only ads up to 36,000,000
 * Worldwide, he has sold over 70 million, you probably added up his U.S. sales.

Bootlegs
I think that bootleg albums should be deleted, because they aren't official. Daniil Maslyuk 11:47, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

Yeah, they're really nothing important. Steppin onto the Scene should be removed also. I have a full discography list of Eminem, and Steppin onto the Scene is one of like ten different albums made from 1988-1992 or something like that. It's really nothing important at all. SlimShady6135 21:08, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I nominated the articles for deletion. Please vote here. Daniil Maslyuk 07:49, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

Why? Some of them have unreleased songs, so I could search for them. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:41, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Encore Sales
Sales for 2004 were 3,517,097 and 1,385,256 for 2006. Total is 4,902,332 up to 31/12/06. Sales since then will have been less than 5,000 copies per week, otherwise would be featuring on the Soundscan weekly top 200 album sales chart. Last known entry was 28/10/2005 at #191. Therefore for 2007, maximum sales to date would be 130,000 and more likely 50% of this figure to 65,000. Overall marginally under 5 million, but closer to this than other figures quoted. <IP_ADDRESS> 01:04, 10 June 2007 (UTC)

Curtain Call Sales
Appears on the top200 for week of 14/04/2007 but does not exist for next closest top200 found on 28/04/07. Was selling approx. 4,500 copies per week at that stage. Maggott2000 02:50, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

Slim Shady and The Marshall Mathers LP
Although forums are not considered a verified source, ukmix.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=43764&highlight= has significant sales data. The Marshall Mathers album it states is certified 9x platinum by RIAA, sold 10,010,000 by Soundscan, and 1,540,000 by BMG Music Club. The BMG figure can be verified here -. Slim Shady has sold 1.2 million via BMG as per same link. Maggott2000 21:19, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
 * How did the person who posted those sales get their information? Soundscan figures aren't even generally available to the public. Spellcast 10:32, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
 * They are available to anyone who subscribes. But they are not supposed to be posted on the net, and Soundscan normally come down very hard when they find out who did post. Maggott2000 08:21, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

Encore
Wasn't Encore also distributed by Shady Records? Because I thought Shady would distribute everything for Eminem after The Marshall Mathers LP (except for Curtain Call). --- Realest4Life 12:51, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

Why
Everything was going so well on this page until some hater erased the actual soundscan sales. Stop. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)

Worldwide Sales
So what if that stupid Biogs foolishness says his 2nd and 3rd albums did 19 mill. There are a hundred million other websites that say differently. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)
 * Biogs.com is defintely not a reliable source because it doesn't have credited authors. Are you saying that the 19 million number is inflated? Spellcast 10:37, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

Mixtapes
I removed these because it's not clear if these are official Eminem mixtapes or not. If anyone has a source showing they're official, just add it back.

Spellcast (talk) 17:05, 6 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Shade 45: Sirius Bizness
 * The Freestyle Manual
 * Anger Management 3
 * Mick Boogie Presents the Pre-Up
 * Invasion Part 1
 * Conspiracy Theory: Invasion Part II
 * Invasion Part 3: Countdown to Armageddon
 * Shady 08:Shoot To Kill
 * ''8 Mile Freestyles
 * Shady Records: Promo
 * Shady Records: Ransom Note

Edit this
Some of the "Label: Web" doesn't have the [ [Web Entertainment] ] with the links, can someone fix this.

'Eminem Presents The Re-Up' should be added to compilation!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:33, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

Curtain call sales
Curtain call sold 5.387.000 worldwide op to date  —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:22, 10 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Nice. DO you have a reliable, verifiable source so that we can put it up these numbers on the discography? Do U(knome)?  yes...|or no 13:57, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

Curtain call sales link
Curtain call sold 5.387.000 copies world wild [] On this site you can see curtain call at number 46 —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:44, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

Dutch chart positions of Eminem's albums
Can anyone edit this into the article:

http://www.dutchcharts.nl/search.asp?search=eminem&cat=a

Here's a overview of Eminem's albums charting in The Netherlands, I tried to do it myself but messed up so I changed it back to a early point. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jens14 (talk • contribs) 14:05, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

Moving to talk page
This is an appropriate source, which I am moving here since it has been replaced. Please do not remove this.-->

Relapse
Relapse has to be added to the list of his studio albums. It is set to be released so it has to be added, other discographies also content albums that have not been released yet. --DasallmächtigeJ (talk) 20:44, 13 February 2009 (UTC)
 * There really is no purpose in including this now. It will take a few seconds to include once the album is released. Remember, this is a discography of released material, not to-be-released one. In my opinion, for now the mention in the lead will do fine. Do U(knome)?  yes...or no

That's a good point, but it is quite confusing if other discographies include not yet released albums. But I guess you are right. --DasallmächtigeJ (talk) 15:22, 14 February 2009 (UTC)
 * That's why this is a Featured List while others are not! ;) Do U(knome)?  yes...or no 06:44, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

Raw & Uncut
Why has this not been added? http://chaos.com/product/raw_uncut_711471_6367.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by Siwhat (talk • contribs) 23:21, 12 April 2009 (UTC)

Singles
I think the U.S Rap & R&B sections shouldn't be on the list of all of them, because Eminem is an overall heavyweight artist worldwide, and usually artist that aren't THAT big internationally have their own countries more specific single charts on the list. If I'm confusing, let me know.

Osh33m (talk) 17:33, 23 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree. I also noticed Eminem does far well on the Canadian charts than any of the other international ones (probably except for Australia and the UK). I'll probably do some work with that some time soon. Do U(knome)?  yes...or no 07:33, 26 May 2009 (UTC)

Underground
So are underground albums not allowed in the article? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:35, 8 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I've always found that bizarre myself. Discographies usually include albums before major label debut. See Green Day discography and Chumbawamba discography Zazaban (talk) 01:56, 10 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes they are. We have Infinite... Do U(knome)?  yes...or no 15:44, 11 May 2009 (UTC)
 * We don't have Fucking Crazy, which has original songs on it. I am sure there are other underground albums with material that is not listed anywhere here; I will try to provide information later. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:02, 18 May 2009 (UTC)

I'll Hurt You - Busta Rhymes
I'm not sure if this song was ever released on an album, but eminem does have a guest appearance and it is not on this page under guest appearances i think this song was released in 2005, so if someone could add it. Here is a video of the song with lyrics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7KZ8aTrBYQ. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gorx9395 (talk • contribs) 02:13, 18 May 2009 (UTC)

Studio Albums Table
Someone made this edit and kind of destroyed the table in the Studio Albums section. I've fixed it, but I would appreciate if you wouldn't make edits to tables if you don't know how or at least ask another user for help. Thank you.  Anonymous  Talk  21:52, 23 May 2009 (UTC)

5 or 6 studio albums?
It says that Eminem has 6 studio albums at the top of the article (including Infinite) yet it only gives the major studio albums under the studio albums heading. Are you counting Infinite as a studio album? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:01, 4 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Just because Infinite was not commercially successful doesn't mean it's not his debut album. So it needs to be put back on the list in front of SSLP. Osh33m (talk) 03:31, 5 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Exactly! Can somebody make this happen? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:37, 5 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Agreed and done.  Anonymous  Talk  Contribs  07:41, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

The Slim Shady LP is his debuet. Infinite should be posted first as it is currently but don't get it twisted. Every major outlet and all major reviewers consider The SSLP to be his debuet. Just FTR. —Preceding unsigned comment added by SAUspartan (talk • contribs) 15:59, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

Update Albums Sold —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:19, 7 June 2009 (UTC)

I have no idea why some of you are against the albums sold being more specific. That's all i'm doing. Also the eminem show has sold 9.75 Million albums, not 9.2 that someone put in. Trust me...I don't inflate numbers. I make them as specific as i can. —Preceding unsigned comment added by SAUspartan (talk • contribs) 17:43, 14 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Unless you add a reliable source, you are inflating them. Do U(knome)?  yes...or no 02:43, 19 June 2009 (UTC)

If an album has sold for example 9,750,000 copies and in the discography states it has sold 9.7 Million nothing is wrong with making it more specific and saying 9.75 Million. That's nopt inflating numbers. Being specific is not inflating numbers. If an album has sold 5,100,000 like the Slim Shady L.P and oin the discography states it's 5 Milliom + there is nothing wrong with making it 5.1 Million on the discography. Same thing with Curtain Call. That has sold 2,975,000 and on the disography it say's 2.9 Million there is nothing wrong with putting 2.97 Million +. That's not inflating numbers. Thats making it more specific. —Preceding unsigned comment added by SAUspartan (talk • contribs) 18:59, 19 June 2009 (UTC)

Mixtapes?
Is there a reason none of Eminem's mixtapes are listed in this discography? Most other rappers have their mixtapes listed in their discographies on here. If no one is opposed I think I'll add a mixtape section later.  Anonymous  Talk  Contribs  23:52, 21 June 2009 (UTC)

As Guest
Someone please add Eminem's guest apperance on Shabaam Sahdeeq vinyl single "5 Star Generals" from 1998. Here is reference link: http://www.discogs.com/Shabaam-Sahdeeq-Sound-Clash-5-Star-Generals/release/104267 Song on You Tube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=PL&hl=pl&v=5d-MdjhDjiI —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:19, 28 June 2009 (UTC)

the XXL "For the Record" source?
Where did this source come from? I have the XXL magazine, but I can't see this thing anywhere. Is this made up? Do U(knome)? yes...or no 04:38, 2 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Never mind. I have the July edition. :P Do U(knome)?  yes...or no 04:38, 2 July 2009 (UTC)

Guest appereance/music video
Eminem was on a son song called "What If I Was White" in 2001 on the album Blacktrash: The Autobiography of Kirk Jones also he has a music video fo crack a bottle —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:56, 6 July 2009 (UTC)
 * What If I Was White is already included in the collaborations section, while to the best of my knowledge the (god awful) Crack a Bottle video was never officially released but just leaked, so I personally think we should treat it like a leaked bootleg song or mixtape. Do U(knome)?  yes...or no 03:11, 11 July 2009 (UTC)

Relapse Sales
Relapse has officially topped over 2 million worldwide

The triangle next to Relapse indicates in excess of 2 million sales worldwide, if you look at the key at the bottom of the page it proves this also. :)

Official link:

http://www.mediatraffic.de/albums.htm —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:44, 13 July 2009 (UTC)

 * and yet, the article gives a figure of 34,000,000? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:14, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

D12 discography
I'm thinking of bring D12 discography to FL status, eventually. If anyone that worked or maintains this article would like to help, because of the obvious connections with the artists, feel free. The bulk of the article is done, a lead, UK certifications, the music video director's name(s) for "Git Up" and some work on "Other appearances" need to be done, but if anyone is willing to help, it'd be very much appreciated. Thanks! Alex Douglas (talk) 02:09, 19 July 2009 (UTC)

I think the D12 discovery should appear in the eminem discovery also, as these are obviously linked, we all know the group D12 only sold because Eminem was the lead artist. Just like it does for other artists on wikipeida that were/are in a group also. —Preceding unsigned comment added by AJS2050 (talk • contribs) 17:51, 26 December 2009 (UTC)

Infinite
Infinite is his first studio debut album. Just because it wasn't commercially successfully doesn't mean it should go unrecognized. This needs to be fixed on this page and the main Eminem page. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:06, 11 August 2009 (UTC)

Singles Discovery
I have made a change and replaced the US R&B chart with the Canadian chart, seeing as Eminem isn't an R&B artist i don't see the need for this to be here, it would be far better to have another country on the list insted. —Preceding unsigned comment added by AJS2050 (talk • contribs) 23:04, 23 December 2009 (UTC)

False Official Mixtapes
that list of official mixtapes are mostly fan made mixtapes for datpiff.com —Preceding unsigned comment added by AK The Ghost (talk • contribs) 23:35, 10 February 2010 (UTC)

Incorrect Crack A Bottle Certification
This song has not received certification in Australia. The 2xPlatinum listing refers to a bogus link as well (since a real one doesn't exist). —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:52, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

Edit request from <IP_ADDRESS>, 14 May 2010
Hello. I just thought I'd let you know you are missing 3 new tracks. The Despicable Freestyle, Stat Quo feat. Eminem Atlanta On Fire and Eminem feat. Stat Quo The Ruler's Back.

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:38, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Until we have a source for this, there is not a need to change the article. Please let us know when you have a good source, and we will make the change.
 * Avic enna sis @ 06:20, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

the anthem
take the link off of the "the anthem" link under featured music videos. it leads to the good charlotte song the anthem, unless you want to link it to the "this or that" album. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:57, 16 May 2010 (UTC)

Lose Yourself
just a minor point, but Lose Yourself is now certified Gold by the BPI rather than Silver. —Preceding unsigned comment added by JoKeRJaMeZ (talk • contribs) 17:46, 1 June 2010 (UTC)

forever
why is forever not included in the guest apperence singles??? the song was in singl format and it was drake FEATURING kanye wayne and em —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:25, 12 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree; because it's credited primarily to Drake (and its title in Wikipedia=Forever (Drake song) I shall move it right now. Andrewlp1991 (talk) 01:42, 28 June 2010 (UTC)

Other songs that charted and featured Eminem
There are many other songs besides the ones under Singles: Guest appearances section that made the Billboard charts some way.
 * 1999: "What's the Difference" (Dr. Dre featuring Xzibit and Eminem): #76 on US R&B
 * 2003: "My Name Is" (Xzibit featuring Nate Dogg and Eminem): #66 US R&B and "911" (Boo Yah Tribe featuring Eminem): #117 US R&B
 * 2007: "Touchdown" (T.I. featuring Eminem): #109 US and "Peep Show" (50 Cent featuring Eminem): #116 US

I'd like to add those to the section, but those weren't really released as singles, but rather promo singles or album cuts that happened to get a lot of radio play. So is it OK to add these there or should these go under "other charted songs"? Because another user (Str8cash) prefers such songs go under OCS; see Jay-Z discography as an example.

On the one other FL hip hop discography, 50 Cent discography, I see that the other charted songs section includes featured songs like "The Re-Up" (50 featuring Em).

But I prefer that everything be organised between artist's own songs and artist's featured songs. For now, I'll add these songs to the featured section so that readers will be informed, but please share your ideas here. Andrewlp1991 (talk) 02:02, 28 June 2010 (UTC)

Slim Shady LP US Sales
I don't understand why those sales are not listed on the discography page. I mean Eminem Show is listed. Marshall Mathers LP is listed. But the 5.1667 Million that Slim Shady LP has sold isnt on the page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:43, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Source? Yvesnimmo (talk) 18:11, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

Encore US Sales
Same question as above. Why isnt the US sales of Encore listed on the discography page?

 * But it is. Yvesnimmo (talk) 18:10, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

Love The Way You Lie
Love the way you lie reached No. 2 this week in Germany, so please change it! source--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:22, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

 * That source will not be available in a week's time. Do you have a better, comparatively reliable one? Yvesnimmo (talk) 18:00, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Actually, it's in the source for German charts. Done, thanks! Yvesnimmo (talk) 18:04, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

Guilty conscience
The source for the German chart history of Eminem doesn't say anything about the song... So I can't believe (or at least prove) that the song reached No. 40 and I don't even know if it even charted in Germany. If somebody has got a source to prove the chart perfomance of Guilty conscience, please name it! Otherwise delete that it should reach No. 40, because no information is better than a wrong information. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:42, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

 * You are correct. Removed. Yvesnimmo (talk) 18:06, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

Relapse is double platinum!
http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=2&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=eminem&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2010&sort=Artist&perPage=25 —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:18, 11 September 2010 (UTC)

People need to update the sales
Really now. Come on. Relapse numbers. Slim Shady LP numbers. Update Curtain Call numbers.

Love the Way You Lie
This week, LtWYL reached No. 1 in Germany source. Please add! --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:36, 21 September 2010 (UTC)

Japanese positions
I have replaced US R&B chart positions with the Japanese positions because it is more important to have Japan in the table than US R&B positions. Japan is an important market to have along with its certifications; therefore, I also inserted the positions so we'd have a consistency. I'm not at all sure what was the use of US R&B positions when we already have the main US positions.--Harout72 (talk) 22:47, 28 September 2010 (UTC)
 * WP:DISCOGSTYLE says that, "There is no set inclusion criteria for which charts should and shouldn't be included, but a good rule of thumb is to go by the relative success of the artist on that chart." Eminem has seen more success on the US R&B/Hip-Hop chart than the Japanese market. Yvesnimmo (talk) 22:52, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

With all due respect, but you make it sound as though you are speaking of a specific market other than US when you're referring to US R&B chart. We already have the US main (Billboard 200) positions covering Eminem's US chart performance, and that should be enough. And why would one say that Eminem's positions in Japan are not at all impressive when 80% of the listed positions are Top-5 positions, The Eminem Show at No.3, Encore at No.3, Relapse at No.1, Recovery at No.6, Curtain Call: The Hits at No.4.--Harout72 (talk) 23:12, 28 September 2010 (UTC)
 * No one said "Eminem's positions in Japan are not at all impressive". The peaks on the R&B/Hip-Hop chart are always higher for every album than the Japanese ones. Yvesnimmo (talk) 23:18, 28 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Genre charts are perfectly acceptable for established artists of the respective genre and when they have seen a good amount of success on said chart. See FLs Madonna singles discography, Taylor Swift discography, etc. In Japan, neither The Slim Shady LP nor The Marshall Mathers LP charted, while both reached number one on the US R&B chart. For albums The Eminem Show onwards, only Relapse reached number one in Japan, whereas all of them reached number one on the US R&B chart. – Chase  ( talk ) 23:19, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

If your argument is not over Japan's positions being unimpressive, then I am not sure what we are discussing here. As I stated above US R&B positions do not represent a separate market than US. Therefore, there is no use for those positions. You'd have a point if I replaced highly charted market with Japan. Such is not the case here.--Harout72 (talk) 23:26, 28 September 2010 (UTC)
 * They are unimpressive compared to the US R&B chart. That chart may not represent a different territory, however, Eminem is an established hip hop artist and thus including that chart to demonstrate how he has performed with his primary audience in his home country is absolutely acceptable. – Chase  ( talk ) 23:32, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

We are to concentrate on the main charts of each market respectively. US R&B chart is for secondary use, and with 10 slots available to us, the application of that should be left out as we have other important chart-performances to cover first, for other parts of the world.--Harout72 (talk) 23:48, 28 September 2010 (UTC)
 * As I have said, Eminem is a hip hop artist from the US, and thus having the US R&B/hip hop chart allows us to not only show how he has performed in his home country, but also how he has performed with his primary audience (R&B and hip hop listeners) in his home country. Furthermore, his US R&B album peaks are all higher than his Japan album peaks. – Chase  ( talk ) 23:51, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

Your point is rather weak. R&B positions do not at all represent separate sales, it is simply designed to list the positions of R&B related materials. That is not enough to toss Japan out over R&B positions. The Billboard 200 is the one based on sales generated by artists respectively, therefore, R&B is not as important. You must understand that we need to cover as many territories as we possibly can before we bring in secondary charts for the same markets which we already have the main charts from within the table.--Harout72 (talk) 00:01, 29 September 2010 (UTC)
 * WP:DISCOGSTYLE does not state that we must include ten different territories for the ten chart slots generally used. US R&B charts do not use any other sales/airplay data than the Hot 100/Billboard 200, but as they highlight R&B and hip hop songs solely, it allows users to see how he has performed with - as a hip hop artist - his primary audience in his home country. His Japanese chart performance is weak in comparison. – Chase  ( talk ) 00:06, 29 September 2010 (UTC)

Japanese main positions cannot be compared to US R&B charts, please understand that. One (Japanese positions) is strctly based on sales, the other (R&B) simply emphasizes Eminem's performance amongst the R&B artists. Please understand that that is not enough to include R&B positions. And please stop edit-warring with me, you must establish a consensus with me also. And I don't agree using R&B over Japan.--Harout72 (talk) 00:16, 29 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Including the R&B charts is a consensus that formed silently (by the fact that it remained without removal) and you need to respect that until the discussion is over. And I don't see what is wrong with emphasizing his performance among other R&B and hip hop performers, seeing as he is a hip hop performer. – Chase  ( talk ) 00:36, 29 September 2010 (UTC)

Saying that consensus has been formed silently and not being able to present the very consensus is vague. In the same vein, I don't see what's wrong with highlighting Eminem's Japanese chart performance after all the reasons I have pointed out.--Harout72 (talk) 00:54, 29 September 2010 (UTC)
 * What is there to present if the consensus formed silently...? And likewise, I don't see what's wrong with highlighting how Eminem has done with the primary audience for him in his home country, especially since this has been done for quite some time now and is done similarly in other FL discographies. – Chase  ( talk ) 03:22, 29 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Harout72, I wouldn't be opposed to replacing another chart currently here with the Japanese charts. I do however maintain the position that as an American hip hop artist, the R&B/hip hop chart should remain. – Chase  ( talk ) 03:27, 29 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Chase, I strongly believe that the main US album-chart-positions are enough. Again, silent consensus should not be discussed anywhere as it's nothing substantial. And there is no specific policy to what you're trying to enforce here. I personally, don't think there is anything wrong with having US R&B chart-positions either, but we don't have enough slots. The use of R&B album-charts would be useful if Eminem's albums had failed to chart on Billboard 200, but they all have charted on Billboard 200 with an exception of Infinite which has not charted on R&B charts either. What other reason is there left to include the R&B chart-positions? In fact, R&B chart-positions should also be removed from the singles' table as currently there are 11 slots.--Harout72 (talk) 04:39, 29 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Comment/Support Harout's proposal Well I for one, support Harout. R&B is simply a chart, a smaller branch of the Hot 100. While Eminem may not be very popular in Asia, he certainly has certifications in Japan. I find adding Japanese peaks and certifications more important, than adding a lesser and secondary US chart.-- Peter Griffin  •  Talk2Me   05:55, 29 September 2010 (UTC)

French charts positions
I suggest we remove Denmark's positions from the albums' tables and insert the French positions. In the same vein, we should remove Ireland's positions from the singles' table and insert the French positions. Note that currently we don't have Denmark's positions for the singles' table, and we don't have Ireland's positions for the albums' tables. And by inserting the French positions, we'll have consistency throughout the entire page. Also, France has the fifth largest market in the world and Eminem's French positions for albums especially are as high as that of Denmark's. Also, note that Eminem has good number of certifications in France for albums (and also singles) the levels of which are a lot higher than the levels in Denmark and Ireland. --Harout72 (talk) 21:30, 22 October 2010 (UTC)
 * The countries don't have to be consistent between albums and singles (and other charted songs). Yves (talk) 21:48, 22 October 2010 (UTC)

Note that I'm not only suggesting this for consistency sake, that is just one reason. I mainly want to include France because it generates five times more sales than Denmark, and even more than that than Ireland. Eminem's available certifications for France is one way to see that.--Harout72 (talk) 21:57, 22 October 2010 (UTC)

US Sales
Eminem has sold 36,519,000 albums in USA  http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/56629/week-ending-june-27-2010-eminem-tops-garth/

i hope you edit the number on the page ...thanks —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:23, 27 October 2010 (UTC)

Edit request from Deadydeadydeaddead, 1 November 2010
Eminem had 2 collaborations realised with Stat Quo in 2010, they are titled 'Classic Shit' and 'Atlanta On Fire', they aren't off of any particular album, but are both original material and should be on the collaborations table. Thank you.

Deadydeadydeaddead (talk) 12:06, 1 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Yves (talk) 12:11, 1 November 2010 (UTC)

royce da 59 ft. eminem - living proof
hears a new eminem guest apperencs wit RD59 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2w4JeHGnlI&feature=player_embedded —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:06, 15 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Thank you, but a YouTube video with copyrighted content is not reliable source of a song's existence. Yves (talk) 18:09, 15 November 2010 (UTC)

From the D is only a remix
its not an official song: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ud0Fa1nz9h4

the verse is from "who want it" —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:40, 17 November 2010 (UTC)

"Encore" (the song's) UK chart position
I've recently done some research and it turns out that the Eminem song "Encore" (from his album from the same name) has charted somewhere apart from the US: in the UK, it charted at #116 (although it was only a promo in the UK). To prove it, I've provided a source: it's a large chart log of virtually all the songs have charted in the top 200 in Britain. Here's the link: http://zobbel.de/cluk/CLUK_E.HTM (To find Eminem's songs, simply scroll down until you find his name, and the songs are organised by date, so finding "Encore" should not be too difficult.) The source is reliable as they collect their data from the top 200 chart newsletters that are sent around in the UK, which the Charts-Plus provides them with. I've tried editing this into the table myself, but after a while it keeps getting removed from the page, even when I provide the reference. I understand that as it was only a promo in Britain, there might be confusion there, but as "Encore" is on the main table, I think the data should stand, with perhaps a note inserted underneath the table saying that it was only a promo in the UK. If someone could sort that out, that would be good. Cheers.

Sufur222 (talk) 10:28, 28 December 2010 (UTC)

 * You need to post your source at WP:RSN and have the folks over there look at it and see if it is reliable, it does not seem reliable to me at all. By the way, we are only to post the positions of the sales charts. I don't think promo materials would qualify as one.--Harout72 (talk) 03:53, 29 December 2010 (UTC)

"Role Model"
Shouldn't "Role Model" be on the main singles table, instead of in the "Other charted songs" section? Granted, it didn't chart anywhere significant, but then again neither did "Just Don't Give a Fuck" or "Bitch Please II" and they are on there. I think this as on the main "Role Model" page, the picture is of the vinyl single itself, meaning it must have been a single, and on the page for The Slim Shady LP, Role Model is down in the singles section and even has a specific release date. Can someone edit this in (unless I've missed something)? Sufur222 (talk) 13:56, 6 March 2011 (UTC)

Bad Meets Evil Ep
Coming June 14th. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Meets_Evil_EP — Preceding unsigned comment added by Toonamiguy (talk • contribs) 04:45, 26 April 2011 (UTC)

Full Eminem Discography
I believe that this list is close to, if not the full discography of Eminem in order of release:
 * Soul Intent
 * Infinite
 * The Slim Shady EP
 * The Slim Shady LP
 * Acid Attack
 * Colaboration
 * Crank Calls
 * Fucking Crazy
 * Marshall Mathers LP
 * Rap Attack
 * Psycho
 * Unreleased Collection
 * 8 Mile OST
 * The Eminem Show
 * The Freestyle Show
 * Don't Call Me Marshall
 * E
 * Straight From THe Lab EP
 * The Angry BLonde
 * The E True Hollywood Mixtape
 * Diss Me, Diss You
 * Eninem is Back
 * Encore
 * Off the Wall
 * The Hits & Unreleased
 * Curtain Call
 * Best Shady Featurings
 * Curtain Re-Call
 * E mix
 * Eminem Presents - The Re-up
 * Get The Guns
 * Pre-up
 * The Freestyle Manual
 * Diary of a Madman
 * Eminelton Mixtape
 * King Mathers MIxtape
 * The Return of Marshall Mathers Vol.2
 * Attack of the Martians
 * Global Warning
 * Long Time No See
 * Relapse
 * Relapse: Refill
 * Eminem - Road to Recovery
 * Recovery
 * Underground Collection

 * I apologise that many of these are mixtapes and have songs from other albums but this is as good as a full discography as I could get.

Platinum Europe Awards
THE EMINEM SHOW	5xPlatinum

RECOVERY 1xPlatinum

CURTAIN CALL 2xPlatinum

ENCORE 2xPlatinum

THE MARSHALL MATHERS LP 5xPlatinum

THE SLIM SHADY LP 1xPlatinum

http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat_all_years.html

ps. the link from the US sales of the slim shady lp does not say, that these are just US sales. It were probalby the World sales at that time. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ich901 (talk • contribs) 15:12, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

Ich901 (talk) 21:08, 18 June 2011 (UTC)Ich901

certification
I need A Dollar is Platinum in Australia! --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:51, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

Gold & Platinum in Austria and Switzerland
http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin

http://swisscharts.com/awards.asp?year=2011

Ich901 (talk) 14:43, 20 June 2011 (UTC)Ich901

Japan position is wrong for The Marshall Mathers LP
It only reached position #52 (evidence here http://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/artist/48489/ranking/cd_album/) unlike the article which says it reached number 1 Saytwentyone (talk) 22:00, 22 June 2011 (UTC)

Worldwide sales
According to this source The marshall Mathers LP sold 22 mio. copies and The Eminem Show 20 mio copies.

http://www.mediatraffic.de/2000-2009-album-chart.htm

Ich901 (talk) 15:38, 3 July 2011 (UTC)Ich901

Platinum Europe Awards
THE EMINEM SHOW	5xPlatinum

RECOVERY 1xPlatinum

CURTAIN CALL 2xPlatinum

ENCORE 2xPlatinum

THE MARSHALL MATHERS LP 5xPlatinum

THE SLIM SHADY LP 1xPlatinum

http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat_all_years.html

ps. the link from the US sales of the slim shady lp does not say, that these are just US sales. It were probalby the World sales at that time. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ich901 (talk • contribs) 15:12, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

Ich901 (talk) 21:08, 18 June 2011 (UTC)Ich901

certification
I need A Dollar is Platinum in Australia! --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:51, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

Gold & Platinum in Austria and Switzerland
http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin

http://swisscharts.com/awards.asp?year=2011

Ich901 (talk) 14:43, 20 June 2011 (UTC)Ich901

Japan position is wrong for The Marshall Mathers LP
It only reached position #52 (evidence here http://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/artist/48489/ranking/cd_album/) unlike the article which says it reached number 1 Saytwentyone (talk) 22:00, 22 June 2011 (UTC)

Worldwide sales
According to this source The marshall Mathers LP sold 22 mio. copies and The Eminem Show 20 mio copies.

http://www.mediatraffic.de/2000-2009-album-chart.htm

Ich901 (talk) 15:38, 3 July 2011 (UTC)Ich901

according to mediatrafic recovery has now sold around 6,700,000 copies worldwide. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:38, 13 July 2011 (UTC)

Eminem songs list
Hi, I created a new page named: Eminem songs list. I just noticed the page as been deleted. People told me it's have all this on your discography page. The thing is it's have more than the half of his songs that aren't on his discography/discography page. Just wondering if it's possible to replace it as well, or work on the discography page to put all the songs that aren't on it. thanks.

Also, the list they pointed me "Eminem production discography" is the list songs that Eminem PRODUCED so it's not necessary songs where Eminem sing in. The list I did is the list of songs that Eminem rap in. — Preceding unsigned comment added by OlivierBrisson (talk • contribs) 21:17, 14 July 2011 (UTC)

Independent releases
i put infinite and slim shady ep in this category becAUSE they were not released by a major label record and slim shady ep was a demo and eminem sold infinite by himself and friends so this is fair to put these tapes in independent releases. (Web the label Eminem was on during the time he was selling the tapes. Also minor label record but also sold recovery thru their label)

Recovery WW Sales
According to "Rolling Stone" Eminem's Recovery has sold about 7.5 Million copies Worldwide including 4 Million in the US and 1 Million came from digital sales.

Here's the page: http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/introducing-the-king-of-hip-hop-20110815?page=2 --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:12, 15 August 2011 (UTC)

NOTE - The Slim Shady LP was not a No.12 Hit in the UK. It reached an initial No.12 Peak on W/E 24th April 1999. However, on W/E 5th August 2000, it reached its highest Peak - No.10. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:35, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

Get the guns
this album doesnt seem to be listed on the page, any reasons for this? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:18, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

also, it says he has 7 studio albums, but only 6 are listed below... — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:20, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

Without Me.
GH2 (talk) 01:34, 24 December 2011 (UTC)This song is a #1 hit in America see:U.S. Billboard Rhythmic Top 40 U.S. Billboard Pop Songs U.S. Billboard Top 40 Mainstream. Now let me change it.GH2 (talk) 01:34, 24 December 2011 (UTC)

Eminem 'best American rapper'?
That's more of an opinion, not exactly information. It's not a major issue but I think it'd be better to remove it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:41, 8 June 2012 (UTC)

8th album
There's no confirmation that the new album title is Redemption, or that it's being released on March 11, 2013. Therefore, it's a troll. Please remove it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:43, 3 August 2012 (UTC)


text:
Salam Daher

Salam Daher (Arabic: سلام ضاهر, born 1967) is a Lebanese civil defense worker who was involved in the aftermath of the Israeli airstrike on Qana on July 30, 2006, where widely published photographs showed him removing dead children from the rubble of a house struck by an Israeli attack.

Background
Daher was born in 1967 in the predominantly Christian south Lebanese town of Marjayoun and began working as a civil defense volunteer at the age of 12. In 1986, during the 1982-2000 South Lebanon conflict and Lebanese civil war of 1975–1990, he joined the civil defense service of the Lebanese interior ministry as an apprentice and worked his way up the ranks. His home town was at the centre of the 1982-2000 conflict, being the headquarters of the pro-Israeli South Lebanon Army militia, and was repeatedly attacked by Palestinian militias during the civil war and subsequently by the Hezbollah militia during Israel's occupation of southern Lebanon. He moved to the coastal city of Tyre in 1996, where the influence of Hezbollah is far weaker (the city is run by Hezbollah's secular rival Amal. By the time of the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, he was working as the head of civil defense operations for Tyre and the surrounding region, including Qana.

He has described himself as a first responder, "often the one who takes the phone call alerting the civil defense to an emergency, and he is often part of the first team to reach the site." According to the Associated Press, which interviewed him, "when bombs strike, he races his ambulance along narrow country roads, digs through rubble and tries to save the living from flattened buildings".

Daher was mentioned by the media on a number of occasions prior to the July 30, 2006 airstrike on Qana. The Al Jazeera network, the Lebanese Daily Star newspaper and several other media organisations cited his casualty figures for earlier incidents in the Israeli campaign. He has previously been seen in widely distributed photographs of the 1996 shelling of Qana in which 106 people were killed and 116 injured in an Israeli attack. On that occasion, he was photographed carrying the mutilated body of a child killed in the attack.

Qana airstrike
On July 30, 2006, Daher was present at the scene of the Qana bombing, which occurred only about 12 km from his office at Tyre, and was photographed there by the international media. The pictures depicted him carrying dead children away from the site of the bombing, while wearing the green helmet that led to his nickname. He issued widely quoted casualty figures for the bombing at Qana. He cited 51 fatalities including 22 children, though later reports revised this to a lower figure of 28, including 16 children.

The 2006 photographs and footage led to a number of websites labelling Daher the "Green Helmet", in reference to his distinctive headgear, and accusing him of being a member of Hezbollah and of using bodies for propaganda purposes. One website published a video that it asserted showed Daher arranging for a child's body to be taken off an ambulance to be displayed for photographers. British right-wing blogger Richard North asserted that Daher had taken control of the scene "to orchestrate false photo opportunities with the dead bodies". North later admitted to Jefferson Morley of The Washington Post that he had no evidence that Daher was connected to Hezbollah and, as he put it, "All I have to go on is gut instinct."

The Associated Press, Reuters and Agence France-Presse news agencies, whose photographers had taken the "Green Helmet" pictures, all denied that the pictures from Qana had been staged. The Washington Post's photographer Michael Robinson-Chavez rejected the claims of staging, commenting: "Everyone was dead, many of them children. Nothing was set up. There was no way photos could have been altered with a dozen photographers there." The Post's ombudsman, Deborah Howell, reviewed the pictures published by the newspaper and reported that they "didn't show any obvious manipulation."

The Associated Press was eventually able to identify "Green Helmet" as Salam Daher and interviewed him twice. He strongly denied having anything to do with Hezbollah, stating that the blog allegations were not true and that he was not affiliated with any party. He told the agency: "I am just a civil defense worker. I have done this job all my life." Commenting on his display of some of the bodies at Qana, he said: "I did hold the baby up, but I was saying 'look at who the Israelis are killing. They are children. These are not fighters. They have no guns. They are children, civilians they are killing.'" He told the Associated Press that he had no regrets or apologies: "I wanted people to see who was dying. They said they were killing fighters. They killed children."

On August 13, 2006, Daher was reported to have been lightly injured in an Israeli attack near a hospital in Tyre shortly before a United Nations-brokered ceasefire in the conflict came into effect.

title: Salam Daher