text:
Yusefabad, Nishapur

Yusefabad (, also Romanized as Yūsefābād and Yūsefābad; also known as Yūsaofābād) is a village in Eshaqabad Rural District, Zeberkhan District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 648, in 183 families.

title: Yusefabad, Nishapur


text:
Cookbook talk:Pavlova

Page history from en:Pavlova * (cur) (last). . 01:13, 1 Feb 2004. . Gentgeen (minor change to announce that the last edit was a transwiki move of the recipe to wikibooks) * (cur) (last). . 01:12, 1 Feb 2004. . Gentgeen * (cur) (last). . 13:17, 19 Jan 2004. . <IP_ADDRESS>   * (cur) (last). . M 22:52, 22 Dec 2003. . RedWolf (dab) * (cur) (last). . M 00:51, 17 Nov 2003. . Mark Ryan (fixing link away from disambiguation) * (cur) (last). . M 14:44, 7 Nov 2003. . Moriori (tidy) * (cur) (last). . M 17:59, 6 Nov 2003. . Moriori (add info) * (cur) (last). . M 17:04, 13 Sep 2003. . Cyan (moving a sentence fragment) * (cur) (last). . 16:48, 13 Sep 2003. . Montrealais * (cur) (last). . M 04:28, 29 Aug 2002. . Vignaux (add NZ) * (cur) (last). . M 16:50, 2 Aug 2002. . Tarquin ( See also Cooking) * (cur) (last). . 16:48, 2 Aug 2002. . Karen Johnson * (cur) (last). . 16:45, 2 Aug 2002. . Karen Johnson * (cur) (last). . M 15:02, 2 Aug 2002. . <IP_ADDRESS>   * (cur) (last). . M 15:01, 2 Aug 2002. . <IP_ADDRESS>   * (cur) (last). . 14:56, 2 Aug 2002. . <IP_ADDRESS>

Discussion copied from en:Talk:Pavlova

Does anybody else dispute the sentence "Pavlova is rarely made at home in Australia or New Zealand today"? In New Zealand, virtually every pavlova I have had the pleasure of eating was home made. - GaryW 20:21 Mar 28, 2003 (UTC)

I agree! Supermarket pavlovas - yuck. Piha 21:29, 24 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * I think supermarket pavlovas are nice! :-) and a hell of a lot easier.

 * Do other countries have them? The article doesn't really emphasise NZ/Aussie thing. Tristanb 12:38, 4 Sep 2003 (UTC)
 * Not sure, but I just had Christmas dinner with a Californian visitor who'd never seen one before. Securiger 12:18, 30 Dec 2003 (UTC)

The NZ/Australian origin of the Pavlova is an interesting question. As far as I can tell, New Zealand can certainly claim credit for the name "pavlova". But, and it is a big but, the "pavlova" that was created in 1926 in New Zealand is not the same thing as the "pavlova" that was created by Bert Sachse in Perth in c. 1935. The New Zealand "pavlova" contained gelatine. The Aussie "pavlova" does not. There are probably other, more significant differences. The point is that when the world says "pavlova" nowadays, it means the entity that had its origin in Australia, not the entity that had its origin in New Zealand. So, it is an Australian recipe. I think we Aussies are being more than generous in allowing our Kiwi cousins to claim credit for coming up with the name - but only the name. JackofOz 06:35, 18 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Weight
I have modified the weight reference from 9oz. to 250g (9 oz.). Firstly, this is a New Zealand and Australian recipe so units that will generally be used by most New Zealands and Australians should predominate. This would be grams not ounces. As far as I can tell (being new to Cookbook) there is no policy requiring that American units predominate. Secondly and more importantly, 250g (9 oz.) was the original recipe. Without discussion, Eadmund remove the 250g completely. This is unacceptable IMHO and should not be repeated without discussion. Nil Einne 12:17, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

Pavlova in the U.S.
Pavlova isn't sold here in the U.S.. I only found out about it after randomly trawling through h2g2.com.

 * Lucky for you, we have a recipe here for making it then, eh? Webaware talk 03:33, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cookbook talk:Pavlova


text:
User:Koalakid15

I am part of a course taught by Wiki Education that trains scholars in how to edit Wikipedia. Learn more at wikiedu.org. All of my contributions are my own and I take responsibility for them.

I like hummingbirds, lemurs, and hiking.

title: User:Koalakid15


text:
Talk:Quinton Ross

External links modified
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:39, 21 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Quinton Ross


text:
Trigonometry/Prerequisites and Basics

To be able to study Trigonometry successfully, it is recommended that students complete Geometry and Algebra prior to digging in to the course material. Students should also be familiar with the arithmetic of the real number system. It is helpful to have a graphing calculator and graph paper on hand to be able to follow along as well. If one is not available, software available on sites such as GraphCalc or GeoGebra may be helpful. Geometric constructions proposed in the text can be drawn using Geops, free software for performing geometric constructions in the manner of the Ancient Greeks.

Next Page: In simple terms

Home: Trigonometry

title: Trigonometry/Prerequisites and Basics


text:
Talk:David Hume Kennerly

Standards issues
Has anyone checked for copyvio? It stinks of it, IMO.

I'm fact-tagging (and "as of"-ing) what survives from the purportedly autobio edit of 19:30, 23 April 2006. That contrib read
 * David Hume Kennerly was named NBC News Contributing Editor, March 16, 2006. The announcement was made by NBC News President Steve Capus. In his role at NBC, Kennerly will provide special still-photo essays on a variety of topics for NBC News, MSNBC, CNBC, MSNBC.com, Telemundo, and all other NBC Universal outlets.

The current incarnation of that material is
 * On March 16 2006, Kennerly was named NBC News Contributing Editor. He is providing special still-photo essays for NBC and its affiliates.

It has been moved from after the Cat tags to the prose, and the following (hand-prepared) diffs reflect cuts and rewording:
 * On March 16 2006 David Hume Kennerly was named NBC News Contributing Editor, March 16, 2006 . The announcement was made by NBC News President Steve Capus. He is In his role at NBC, Kennerly will provid e ing special still-photo essays on a variety of topics for NBC News, MSNBC, CNBC, MSNBC.com, Telemundo, and all other NBC Universal outlets its affiliates.

--Jerzy•t 15:47, 6 October 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Hume Kennerly


text:
Ornduffia

Ornduffia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Menyanthaceae, native to Australia. Aquatic or wetland herbs, they were split off from Villarsia in 2009.

Species
Currently accepted species include:

 * Ornduffia albiflora (F.Muell.) Tippery & Les
 * Ornduffia calthifolia (F.Muell.) Tippery & Les
 * Ornduffia marchantii (Ornduff) Tippery & Les
 * Ornduffia parnassiifolia (Labill.) Tippery & Les
 * Ornduffia reniformis (R.Br.) Tippery & Les
 * Ornduffia submersa (Aston) Tippery & Les
 * Ornduffia umbricola (Aston) Tippery & Les

title: Ornduffia


text:
Laughter & Lust Live

Laughter & Lust Live is a live concert video by the British singer-songwriter and musician Joe Jackson, which was released on VHS and LaserDisc by Warner Music Vision in 1992. Laughter & Lust Live was filmed on 20 September 1991 at the State Theatre in Sydney. It was the final concert of Jackson's world tour promoting his album Laughter & Lust. In September 1992, the concert first aired on UK television on the BBC One channel.

Critical reception
On its release, Brenda Herrmann of the Chicago Tribune considered the video to "show the perfectionist performer at his best - simply giving one heck of a show". She praised the "extremely able backup band" but was critical of the "mundane lighting" and the director's "frequent focus" on Mindy Jostyn. Herrmann concluded: "Jackson's commitment to sparking sound production and his fine songs provide great video entertainment".

Track listing

 * 1) "Steppin' Out"
 * 2) "It's Different for Girls"
 * 3) "Got the Time"
 * 4) "Obvious Song"
 * 5) "Hit Single"
 * 6) "Another World"
 * 7) "Look Sharp!"
 * 8) "The Other Me"
 * 9) "Real Men"
 * 10) "Rant and Rave"
 * 11) "Nineteen Forever"
 * 12) "Oh Well"
 * 13) "Jamie G."
 * 14) "One More Time"
 * 15) "Stranger than Fiction"
 * 16) "I'm the Man"
 * 17) "A Slow Song"

Personnel
Joe Jackson's Band
 * Joe Jackson - vocals, keyboards
 * Ed Roynesdal - keyboards, violin
 * Graham Maby - bass, vocals
 * Tom Teeley - guitar, vocals, piano
 * Sue Hadjopoulos - percussion, vocals
 * Dan Hickey - drums
 * Mindy Jostyn - vocals, guitar, harmonica, violin

Production
 * Maurice Todman - director
 * Philip Dreamer - producer
 * Peter C. Skillman - executive in charge of production
 * Steven Jensen, Martin Kirkup, Frankie Enfield, Libby Wilson, Joe Jackson - executive producers

title: Laughter & Lust Live


text:
Wikibooks:Copyrights

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es:Wikilibros:Copyrights pl:Wikibooks:Prawa autorskie ta:விக்கிநூல்கள்:காப்புரிமைகள் vi:Wikibooks:Quyền tác giả

title: Wikibooks:Copyrights


text:
Interdisciplinary linguistics

Most of the stuff below needs to go into subcategories; the Computational Linguistics page needs to be moved into a learning resource in the Department of Linguistics ASAP.

Computational Linguistics
An interdisciplinary field dealing with the statistical and logical modeling of natural language from a computational perspective. This modeling is not limited to any particular field of linguistics.

There are two major purposes of computational linguistics:
 * 1) To help linguists study natural languages more easily
 * 2) To make it possible for ordinary people to use natural language when using a computer

Computational linguists often use large bodies of digitized text or speech called corpora as a basis for teaching computer programs the proper use of a language, or to compare the use of a language in one context to it's use in another context. This is also called corpus linguistics.

Some of the practical uses of computational linguistics include:
 * Speech recognition
 * Speech production
 * Machine translation
 * Improvements to data mining, including  search engine design.

See Also: computational linguistics

title: Interdisciplinary linguistics


text:
Cookbook:Dessert

Typically, a dessert is a food that comes at the end of a meal. Its taste is usually sweet, but sometimes strong, as with many cheeses. The word comes from the Old French desservir, meaning "to clear the table." Common desserts include cakes, cookies, fruits, pastries, pies, ice cream, and candies.

Recipes

fr:Cuisine:Desserts ספר מתכונים/קינוחים hy:Եփութուխ:Աղանդեր

title: Cookbook:Dessert


text:
Special Relativity/Spacetime

The modern approach to relativity
Although the special theory of relativity was first proposed by Einstein in 1905, the modern approach to the theory depends upon the concept of a four-dimensional universe, that was first proposed by Hermann Minkowski in 1908.

Minkowski's contribution appears complicated but is simply an extension of Pythagoras' Theorem:

In 2 dimensions: $$h^2 = x^2 + y^2$$

In 3 dimensions: $$h^2 = x^2 + y^2 + z^2$$

in 4 dimensions: $$s^2 = x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + kt^2$$

(where k = $$-c^2$$)

The modern approach uses the concept of invariance to explore the types of coordinate systems that are required to provide a full physical description of the location and extent of things. The modern theory of special relativity begins with the concept of "length". In everyday experience, it seems that the length of objects remains the same no matter how they are rotated or moved from place to place. We think that the simple length of a thing is "invariant". However, as is shown in the illustrations below, what we are actually suggesting is that length seems to be invariant in a three-dimensional coordinate system.

The length of a thing in a two-dimensional coordinate system is given by Pythagoras's theorem:

 * $$ x^2 + y^2 = h^2 $$

This two-dimensional length is not invariant if the thing is tilted out of the two-dimensional plane. In everyday life, a three-dimensional coordinate system seems to describe the length fully. The length is given by the three-dimensional version of Pythagoras's theorem:

 * $$ h^2 = x^2 + y^2 + z^2 $$

The derivation of this formula is shown in the illustration below.

It seems that, provided all the directions in which a thing can be tilted or arranged are represented within a coordinate system, then the coordinate system can fully represent the length of a thing. However, it is clear that things may also be changed over a period of time. Time is another direction in which things can be arranged. This is shown in the following diagram:

The length of a straight line between two events in space and time is called a "space-time interval".

In 1908 Hermann Minkowski pointed out that if things could be rearranged in time, then the universe might be four-dimensional. He boldly suggested that Einstein's recently-discovered theory of Special Relativity was a consequence of this four-dimensional universe. He proposed that the space-time interval might be related to space and time by Pythagoras' theorem in four dimensions:

 * $$ s^2 = x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + (ict)^2 $$

Where i is the imaginary unit (sometimes imprecisely called $$\sqrt{-1}$$), c is a constant, and t is the time interval spanned by the space-time interval, s. The symbols x, y and z represent displacements in space along the corresponding axes. In this equation, the 'second' becomes just another unit of length. In the same way as centimetres and inches are both units of length related by centimetres = 'conversion constant' times inches, metres and seconds are related by metres = 'conversion constant' times seconds. The conversion constant, c has a value of about 300,000,000 meters per second. Now $$i^2$$ is equal to minus one, so the space-time interval is given by:

 * $$ s^2 = x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - (ct)^2 $$

Minkowski's use of the imaginary unit has been superseded by the use of advanced geometry that uses a tool known as the "metric tensor". The metric tensor permits the existence of "real" time and the negative sign in the expression for the square of the space-time interval originates in the way that distance changes with time when the curvature of spacetime is analysed (see advanced text). We now use real time but Minkowski's original equation for the square of the interval survives so that the space-time interval is still given by:

 * $$ s^2 = x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - (ct)^2 $$

Space-time intervals are difficult to imagine; they extend between one place and time and another place and time, so the velocity of the thing that travels along the interval is already determined for a given observer.

If the universe is four-dimensional, then the space-time interval (rather than the spatial length) will be invariant. Whoever measures a particular space-time interval will get the same value, no matter how fast they are travelling. In physical terminology the invariance of the spacetime interval is a type of Lorentz Invariance. The invariance of the spacetime interval has some dramatic consequences.

The first consequence is the prediction that if a thing is travelling at a velocity of c metres per second, then all observers, no matter how fast they are travelling, will measure the same velocity for the thing. The velocity c will be a universal constant. This is explained below.

When an object is travelling at c, the space time interval is zero, this is shown below:

 * The distance travelled by an object moving at velocity v in the x direction for t seconds is:

 * $$ x = vt $$

 * If there is no motion in the y or z directions the space-time interval is $$ s^2 = x^2 + 0 + 0 - (ct)^2 $$

 * So: $$ s^2 = (vt)^2 - (ct)^2 $$

 * But when the velocity v equals c:

 * $$ s^2 = (ct)^2 - (ct)^2 $$

 * And hence the space time interval $$ s^2 = (ct)^2 - (ct)^2 = 0 $$

A space-time interval of zero only occurs when the velocity is c (if x>0). All observers observe the same space-time interval so when observers observe something with a space-time interval of zero, they all observe it to have a velocity of c, no matter how fast they are moving themselves.

The universal constant, c, is known for historical reasons as the "speed of light in a vacuum". In the first decade or two after the formulation of Minkowski's approach many physicists, although supporting Special Relativity, expected that light might not travel at exactly c, but might travel at very nearly c. There are now few physicists who believe that light in a vacuum does not propagate at c.

The second consequence of the invariance of the space-time interval is that clocks will appear to go slower on objects that are moving relative to you. Suppose there are two people, Bill and John, on separate planets that are moving away from each other. John draws a graph of Bill's motion through space and time. This is shown in the illustration below:

Being on planets, both Bill and John think they are stationary, and just moving through time. John spots that Bill is moving through what John calls space, as well as time, when Bill thinks he is moving through time alone. Bill would also draw the same conclusion about John's motion. To John, it is as if Bill's time axis is leaning over in the direction of travel and to Bill, it is as if John's time axis leans over.

 * John calculates the length of Bill's space-time interval as:

 * $$s^2 = (vt)^2 - (ct)^2$$

 * whereas Bill doesn't think he has travelled in space, so writes:

 * $$s^2 = (0)^2 - (cT)^2$$

The space-time interval, $$s^2$$, is invariant. It has the same value for all observers, no matter who measures it or how they are moving in a straight line. Bill's $$ s^2$$ equals John's $$ s^2$$ so:

 * $$(0)^2 - (cT)^2 = (vt)^2 - (ct)^2$$

 * and

 * $$-(cT)^2 = (vt)^2 - (ct)^2$$

 * hence

 * $$t = T / \sqrt{1 - v^2/c^2}$$.

So, if John sees Bill measure a time interval of 1 second ($$T = 1$$) between two ticks of a clock that is at rest in Bill's frame, John will find that his own clock measures between these same ticks an interval $$t$$, called coordinate time, which is greater than one second. It is said that clocks in motion slow down, relative to those on observers at rest. This is known as "relativistic time dilation of a moving clock". The time that is measured in the rest frame of the clock (in Bill's frame) is called the proper time of the clock.

John will also observe measuring rods at rest on Bill's planet to be shorter than his own measuring rods, in the direction of motion. This is a prediction known as "relativistic length contraction of a moving rod". If the length of a rod at rest on Bill's planet is $$X$$, then we call this quantity the proper length of the rod. The length $$x$$ of that same rod as measured from John's planet, is called coordinate length, and given by

 * $$x = X \sqrt{1 - v^2/c^2}$$.

This equation can be derived directly and validly from the time dilation result with the assumption that the speed of light is constant.

The last consequence is that clocks will appear to be out of phase with each other along the length of a moving object. This means that if one observer sets up a line of clocks that are all synchronised so they all read the same time, then another observer who is moving along the line at high speed will see the clocks all reading different times. In other words observers who are moving relative to each other see different events as simultaneous. This effect is known as Relativistic Phase or the Relativity of Simultaneity. Relativistic phase is often overlooked by students of Special Relativity, but if it is understood then phenomena such as the twin paradox are easier to understand.

The way that clocks go out of phase along the line of travel can be calculated from the concepts of the invariance of the space-time interval and length contraction.

In the diagram above John is conventionally stationary. Distances between two points according to Bill are simple lengths in space (x) all at t=0 whereas John sees Bill's measurement of distance as a combination of a distance (X) and a time interval (T):

 * $$x^2 = X^2 - (cT)^2$$

Notice that the quantities represented by capital letters are proper lengths and times and in this example refer to John's measurements.

Bill's distance, x, is the length that he would obtain for things that John believes to be X metres in length. For Bill it is John who has rods that contract in the direction of motion so Bill's determination "x" of John's distance "X" is given from:

 * $$x = X \sqrt{1 - v^2/c^2}$$.

This relationship between proper and coordinate lengths was seen above to relate Bill's proper lengths to John's measurements. It also applies to how Bill observes John's proper lengths.

 * $$x = X \sqrt{1 - v^2/c^2}$$

 * Thus $$x^2 = X^2 - (v^2/c^2)X^2$$

 * So: $$(cT)^2 = (v^2/c^2)X^2$$

 * And $$cT = (v/c)X$$

 * So: $$T = (v/c^2)X $$

Clocks that are synchronised for one observer go out of phase along the line of travel for another observer moving at $$v$$ metres per second by :$$(v/c^2)$$ seconds for every metre. This is one of the most important results of Special Relativity and should be thoroughly understood by students.

The net effect of the four-dimensional universe is that observers who are in motion relative to you seem to have time coordinates that lean over in the direction of motion and consider things to be simultaneous that are not simultaneous for you. Spatial lengths in the direction of travel are shortened, because they tip upwards and downwards, relative to the time axis in the direction of travel, akin to a rotation out of three-dimensional space.

 * Examp.jpgExample

 * An observer records an event A next to herself then an event B a millisecond later and 600 kilometres away. How fast would another observer need to travel in the direction of event B to record it as simultaneous with event A?

 * The phase difference between moving clocks is given by: $$T = (v/c^2)X $$
 * The velocity needed to create a phase difference of 10-3 secs is:

 * $$v = \frac{10^{-3} \times 3 \times 10^8 \times c}{6 \times 10^{5}}$$

 * This means that another observer who is travelling at 0.5c relative to the first observer in the direction of the line joining events A and B will consider that these events are simultaneous.

Interpreting space-time diagrams
Great care is needed when interpreting space-time diagrams. Diagrams present data in two dimensions, and cannot show faithfully how, for instance, a zero length space-time interval appears.

When diagrams are used to show both space and time it is important to be alert to space and time being related by Minkowski's equation and not by simple Euclidean geometry. The diagrams are only aids to understanding the approximate relation between space and time and it must not be assumed, for instance, that simple trigonometric relationships can be used to relate lines that represent spatial displacements and lines that represent temporal displacements.

It is sometimes mistakenly held that the time dilation and length contraction results only apply for observers at x=0 and t=0. This is untrue. An inertial frame of reference is defined so that length and time comparisons can be made anywhere within a given reference frame.

Time differences in one inertial reference frame can be compared with time differences anywhere in another inertial reference frame provided it is remembered that these differences apply to corresponding pairs of lines or pairs of planes of simultaneous events.

Spacetime

In order to gain an understanding of both Galilean and Special Relativity it is important to begin thinking of space and time as being different dimensions of a four-dimensional vector space called spacetime. Actually, since we can't visualize four dimensions very well, it is easiest to start with only one space dimension and the time dimension. The figure shows a graph with time plotted on the vertical axis and the one space dimension plotted on the horizontal axis. An event is something that occurs at a particular time and a particular point in space. ("Julius X. wrecks his car in Lemitar, NM on 21 June at 6:17 PM.") A world line is a plot of the position of some object as a function of time (more properly, the time of the object as a function of position) on a spacetime diagram. Thus, a world line is really a line in spacetime, while an event is a point in spacetime. A horizontal line parallel to the position axis (x-axis) is a line of simultaneity; in Galilean Relativity all events on this line occur simultaneously for all observers. It will be seen that the line of simultaneity differs between Galilean and Special Relativity; in Special Relativity the line of simultaneity depends on the state of motion of the observer.

In a spacetime diagram the slope of a world line has a special meaning. Notice that a vertical world line means that the object it represents does not move -- the velocity is zero. If the object moves to the right, then the world line tilts to the right, and the faster it moves, the more the world line tilts. Quantitatively, we say that
 * $$velocity = \frac{1}{slope~of~world~line} . $$(5.1)

Notice that this works for negative slopes and velocities as well as positive ones. If the object changes its velocity with time, then the world line is curved, and the instantaneous velocity at any time is the inverse of the slope of the tangent to the world line at that time.

The hardest thing to realize about spacetime diagrams is that they represent the past, present, and future all in one diagram. Thus, spacetime diagrams don't change with time -- the evolution of physical systems is represented by looking at successive horizontal slices in the diagram at successive times. Spacetime diagrams represent the evolution of events, but they don't evolve themselves.

The lightcone
Things that move at the speed of light in our four dimensional universe have surprising properties. If something travels at the speed of light along the x-axis and covers x meters from the origin in t seconds the space-time interval of its path is zero.

$$s^2 = x^2 - (ct)^2$$

but $$ x = ct$$ so:

$$s^2 = (ct)^2 - (ct)^2 = 0 $$

Extending this result to the general case, if something travels at the speed of light in any direction into or out from the origin it has a space-time interval of 0:

$$0 = x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - (ct)^2 $$

This equation is known as the Minkowski Light Cone Equation. If light were travelling towards the origin then the Light Cone Equation would describe the position and time of emission of all those photons that could be at the origin at a particular instant. If light were travelling away from the origin the equation would describe the position of the photons emitted at a particular instant at any future time 't'.

At the superficial level the light cone is easy to interpret. Its backward surface represents the path of light rays that strike a point observer at an instant and its forward surface represents the possible paths of rays emitted from the point observer. Things that travel along the surface of the light cone are said to be light- like and the path taken by such things is known as a null geodesic.

Events that lie outside the cones are said to be space-like or, better still space separated because their space time interval from the observer has the same sign as space (positive according to the convention used here). Events that lie within the cones are said to be time-like or time separated because their space-time interval has the same sign as time.

However, there is more to the light cone than the propagation of light. If the added assumption is made that the speed of light is the maximum possible velocity then events that are space separated cannot affect the observer directly. Events within the backward cone can have affected the observer so the backward cone is known as the "affective past" and the observer can affect events in the forward cone hence the forward cone is known as the "affective future".

The assumption that the speed of light is the maximum velocity for all communications is neither inherent in nor required by four dimensional geometry although the speed of light is indeed the maximum velocity for objects if the principle of causality is to be preserved by physical theories (ie: that causes precede effects).

The Lorentz transformation equations
The discussion so far has involved the comparison of interval measurements (time intervals and space intervals) between two observers. The observers might also want to compare more general sorts of measurement such as the time and position of a single event that is recorded by both of them. The equations that describe how each observer describes the other's recordings in this circumstance are known as the Lorentz Transformation Equations. (Note that the symbols below signify coordinates.)

The table below shows the Lorentz Transformation Equations.

See mathematical derivation of Lorentz transformation.

Notice how the phase ( (v/c2)x ) is important and how these formulae for absolute time and position of a joint event differ from the formulae for intervals.

A spacetime representation of the Lorentz Transformation
Bill and John are moving at a relative velocity, v, and synchronise clocks when they pass each other. Both Bill and John observe an event along Bill's direction of motion. What times will Bill and John assign to the event? It was shown above that the relativistic phase was given by: $$vx/c^2$$. This means that Bill will observe an extra amount of time elapsing on John's time axis due to the position of the event. Taking phase into account and using the time dilation equation Bill is going to observe that the amount of time his own clocks measure can be compared with John's clocks using:

$$T = \frac {t - vx/c^2}{\sqrt{1 - v^2/c^2}}$$.

This relationship between the times of a common event between reference frames is known as the Lorentz Transformation Equation for time.

Continue

title: Special Relativity/Spacetime


text:
Organic Chemistry/Introduction to reactions/Rates and equilibria

> Introduction to reactions

Chemical equilibria are ratios relating the forward and backward direction of a reaction to each other. This ratio is represented by the letter K in the following equation:

K = products / reactants

Definitions
Rate of reaction is the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place, expressed as moles per unit time and unit volume. The rate r of a general reaction $$aA + bB + ... -> p P + q Q + ...$$ is defined by:

$$ r = -{1 \over a} {dC_A \over dt} = -{1 \over b} {dC_B \over dt} = ... = {1 \over p} {dC_P \over dt} =.... $$

from the expression above, it is clear that the usual convention is that reaction rate is taken as products formation rate.

Rate is a function of the concentration of reactants and products, temperature, pressure and presence of a catalyst.

Rate expression
A common expression for reaction rate is the power law:

$$r = k C_A^ \alpha\ C_B ^ \beta\ ....$$

$$k$$ is called the kinetic constant, and $$ \alpha\ $$, $$ \beta\ $$, etc. are called the reaction order with respect to the reactant A, B (or the partial order of A, B etc.), respectively. The sum of all the orders is the global order of the rate expression. Therefore the rate expression $$ r = k C_A C_B $$ is a second-order and first-order in A and B.

The reaction orders are the same as the stoichiometric coefficient in the case of an elementary reaction only; in most cases they must be determined experimentally and are valid in the window of experimental conditions.

Elementary data on reaction orders can be obtained by changing the concentration C of one of the reactant, say A, and measuring the initial rate r. Plotting a rate vs concentration log-log graph, one obtains a straight line whose slope is the partial order in—say—A by virtue of the relation $$ log \, r = log \, k C_A ^ \alpha\ = log \, k + \alpha\ log \, C_A $$

Influence of temperature and pressure
$$ k = k_0 exp \left ( - \Delta\ G^{*} / RT \right)$$

as known as the Arrhenius equation

Rate equations and reaction mechanisms
The most important research application of kinetic investigations is the determination of reaction mechanisms. In fact, the rate expression is function of it.

From a postulated reaction mechanism (the model), a rate equation can be derived and used to analyse the experimental data. If the obtained fit is not statistically significant, the scheme is rejected. In complex systems, several schemes can produce compatible rate expressions and the problem of model discrimination is of primary importance.

Limiting step
Often a reaction has two or more steps. One of the steps, usually the last one, is the slowest step, and is said to be rate-limiting.

Steady state approximation
Sometimes it is useful, when calculating the reaction rate, to assume that no particular step is rate-limiting. Instead, the reaction intermediate can either proceed to the product or return to the original reactant with an equal rate for either possibility. This is called the steady-state approximation.

Example
A classical example is the hydrolysis of haloalkanes:

 * R-X + H2O → ROH + HX

This reaction can occur by two mechanisms: the SN1 and SN. The former is a unimolecular substitution: its rate is determined only by the concentration of R-X, without regard to the concentration of the new substituent. The latter is bimolecular: its rate is first-order in both R-X and new substituent, for a combined rate order of 2.

Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium is the state when a net reaction is neither going forward nor backward. It is a dynamic equilibrium. The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, so the two cancel each other out, and the net rate of change is zero.

The chemical equilibrium is dictated by the equilibrium constant (often written Keq), expressed by the mass-action law:

$$ K_{eq} = \frac { \prod_{i \in products} C_i}{ \prod_{j \in reactants} C_j } $$

The concentration C can be expressed in any scale, e.g. molar franction, molarity, partial pressure.

If the temperature and pressure are kept constant, no matter what are the initial concentrations, the system will evolve until the mass-action product is equal to the Keq. In general, systems with $$K_{eq} \ll 1$$ are highly displaced to the reactant sides (almost no conversion at equilibrium), whereas when $$K_{eq} \gg 1$$ the reaction goes to completion.

From classical thermodynamics it can be showed that the following relation holds:

$$K_{eq} = exp \left( -{\Delta\ G_R}/{RT} \right)$$

where $$\Delta\ G_R$$ is the total change in Gibbs free energy with reaction (product minus reactants).

Influence of temperature
The influence of temperature can be obtained by differentiation of the equation above to lead:

$$ -ln K_{eq} = \frac {\Delta\ H_R} {RT} - \frac {\Delta\ S_R}{R}$$

as known as the van't Hoff equation. Therefore, for exothermic reaction ($$\Delta\ H_r < 0 $$) an increase in temperature will decrease the $${\Delta\ H_R}/{RT}$$ quantity, leading to a lower Keq, conversely for an endothermic reaction.


text:
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title: Chinese (Mandarin)


text:
List of state highway loops in Texas (300–399)

State highway loops in Texas are owned and maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT).

Loop 300
Loop 300 was a proposed route in Snyder. It was designated on February 23, 1956, from US 180 west of the city, around its west and south sides, to US 84 southeast of it. The route was never built, and the designation was cancelled on October 1, 1968.

Loop 301
Loop 301 is located in Sulphur Springs. It runs from the junction of SH 19 and SH 154 to I-30/US 67.

Loop 301 was designated on February 23, 1956, from US 67 (later Loop 313; now Bus. US 67) and SH 19 in west Sulphur Springs, northward to SH 154. On September 21, 1965, it was extended southeast to I-30. On April 27, 1967, the section from SH 154 southwest to Loop 313 was transferred to SH 19.

Loop 302
Loop 302 was located in Greenville. It became Bus. US 67, which is now Spur 302.

Loop 304
Loop 304 is a beltway within Crockett, the county seat of Houston County. It is 8.584 mi in length. It was established in on March 28, 1956. Nearly all of the loop is two lanes wide (one lane in each direction), and provides access for long distance travelers and trucks to bypass the downtown core. Populated areas also dot outside the loop, but have less population density.

 * Junction list

Loop 305
Loop 305 is located in La Pryor.

Loop 305 was designated on March 28, 1956, as a loop off of US 83 when it was rerouted.

Loop 306

Loop 306 is a state loop that encircles much of San Angelo. Loop 306 begins on the north side of San Angelo, at the US 67/277 interchange, and continues south on the eastern edge of town. The highway multiplexes with US 87 while being routed west. The multiplex ends at the US 87/277/Loop 306 interchange, with Loop 306 routed northwest. Loop 306 ends at the Bus. US 67 (Sherwood Way) overpass, however the freeway continues and is signed as US 67, Houston Harte Expressway; named after the San Angelo-native publishing magnate. The route is often referred to locally as "the Loop" or "Loop 306", despite the terminus of Loop 306 at Sherwood Way. TxDOT upgraded portions of Loop 306 to expand it from a two-lane road to a four-lane divided highway. From the US 67/277 interchange, Loop 306 continues as a four-lane divided highway all the way to US 87. The upgrades included adding two overpasses and improvements to a divided highway.

Loop 306 was designated on October 24, 1956. On July 30, 1976, the section from US 67 west and southwest to US 67 was transferred to rerouted US 67.

 * Junction list

Loop 307
Loop 307 was a proposed route in Teague. It was designated on February 23, 1956, from US 84 (now Bus. US 84) north of Teague, east and south to SH 179, 1 mile east of Teague. On October 21, 1959, part of the route was transferred to US 84 when that highway was rerouted. The remainder of Loop 307 was cancelled on April 30, 2004, as its route was already part of FM 553.

Loop 308
Loop 308 is located in Briggs.

Loop 308 was designated on June 22, 1956, as a loop off of US 183 when it was rerouted.

Loop 310
Loop 310 was located in Carrollton. It was designated on February 23, 1956, as a loop off US 77 (now I-35E). Loop 310 was cancelled on November 21, 1991, and returned to the city of Carrollton.

Loop 311
Loop 311 was located in Kilgore.

Loop 311 was designated on August 1, 1956, from SH 259 in downtown Kilgore west 2.4 mi to SH 135 near the west edge of Kilgore. The route was signed as Bus. SH 135 rather than Loop 311. On June 14, 1968, Loop 311 was cancelled and removed from the highway system.

Loop 313
Loop 313 was located in Sulphur Springs. It ran along a former alignment of US 67. It is now Bus. US 67.

Loop 315
Loop 315 was located in Greenville.

Loop 315 was designated on November 21, 1956, from US 69 near Peniel south to US 67 southwest of Greenville. On November 30, 1961, the road was extended east over old US 67 to I-30, and southeast to US 69 on October 13, 1971. On May 21, 1979, Loop 315 was routed over US 69 while the old route of Loop 315 was transferred to US 69. Loop 315 was cancelled on June 21, 1990, and transferred to Bus. US 69.

Loop 316
Loop 316 was located in Loraine. It is now Business I-20.

Loop 318 (1957)
The first use of Loop 318 was in Callahan County, from US 380 west and north to FM 576, then east along FM 576 to US 380. Loop 318 was cancelled three months later and transferred to FM 880 and FM Spur 880.

Loop 318 (1960)
The second use of the Loop 318 designation was in Washington County, as a loop off US 290 in Brenham. This was the former routing of US 290 before it was rerouted on top of a section of Loop 283. On February 28, 1973, the section from US 290 west of Brenham to Market Street was transferred to SH 105. The remainder of Loop 318 was cancelled on June 21, 1990, and transferred to Bus. US 290.

Loop 319
Loop 319 was located in Trent. It is now Business I-20.

Loop 320
Loop 320 was located in Tye. It is now Business I-20.

Loop 321
Loop 321 is located in Wilson County. It is the former route of US 87 through La Vernia.

Loop 322
Loop 322 is a 7.167 mi loop route in the city of Abilene in the U.S. state of Texas. It is located in Taylor County.

Loop 323
Loop 323 is a state highway loop in Texas in the United States. It is a 19.7 mi highway circling the city of Tyler in Smith County.

Loop 328
Loop 328 is located in Carey.

Loop 328 was designated on October 30, 1957, as a loop off of US 287 when it was rerouted.

Loop 329
Loop 329 was located in Columbus.

Loop 329 was designated on February 16, 1982, from SH 71, 4 mi northwest of Columbus, southeast and south 5.1 mi along Fannin Street to I-10. This was formerly a portion of SH 71 before it was rerouted. On June 21, 1990, Loop 329 was cancelled and transferred to Bus. SH 71.

Loop 332
Loop 332 was located in Liberty Hill. Its western terminus was at SH 29. The route headed southeast on a two-lane undivided road that became Main Street. It crossed RM 1869 before turning east at CR 279. Loop 332 crossed a railroad line that is owned by the Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority and used by the Austin Western Railroad. Loop 332's eastern terminus was at another intersection with SH 29.

Loop 332 was designated on January 22, 1958, as a loop off SH 29 in Liberty Hill. On January 31, 2019, Loop 332 was cancelled and returned to the city of Liberty Hill by request of the city council.

Loop 333
Loop 333 was located in Westbrook. It is now Business I-20.

Loop 334 (1958)
The first use of the Loop 334 designation was in Bexar County, from FM 1604 and I-10 west and south to US 90. On August 29, 1958, the road was extended southwest 3.5 mi to FM 2173 near Macdona. Loop 334 was cancelled on August 7, 1959, and transferred to FM 1604 (now Loop 1604).

Loop 334 (1981)
The next use of the Loop 334 designation was in Panola County as a loop off US 79 in Carthage. The same day a break in the route was added at Loop 455 (now Bus. US 59). The route was signed as US 79 Business rather than Loop 334. Loop 334 was cancelled on June 21, 1990, and transferred to Bus. US 79.

Loop 335
Loop 335 encircles Amarillo.

Loop 335 was designated on January 18, 1960, from US 60/US 87 south of Amarillo east and north to US 287 east of Amarillo. On January 31, 1961, the road was extended north and west to US 87/US 287 (now Loop 434) and west and north to US 66 (now I-40) on July 30, 1965. On June 21, 1977, the road was extended to new US 87/US 287, replacing a section of FM 1719. On July 24, 1984, the road was extended 10 mi north, northeast and east to US 287, replacing a second section of FM 1719 and completing the loop around Amarillo. On April 21, 2018, the road was rerouted along FM 2186 with the old route transferred to FM 2590, although this will not be effective until construction is complete on this section.

Loop 336
Loop 336, also known as the Veterans Memorial Highway, encircles the city of Conroe. Through trucks traveling east and west are directed onto this loop, as they are prohibited on SH 105 inside Conroe.

Loop 336 was designated on September 27, 1960, as a loop off SH 105 in Conroe. On November 20, 1984, the road was extended around the eastern and southern sides of Conroe to FM 2854 west of Conroe. On February 23, 1989, the road was extended north 1.1 mi from FM 2854 to SH 105, replacing FM 3374 and completing the loop around Conroe.

 * Junction list

Loop 337
Loop 337 is located in New Braunfels.

Loop 337 was designated on June 1, 1960, from I-35 southwest of New Braunfels north, east and south to FM 25 (now SH 46) at then-US 81 (now Business I-35) east of the Guadalupe River. On February 26, 1972, the road was extended to I-35, replacing a section of FM 25. On May 14, 1990, the route description was modified to show that SH 46 was rerouted concurrent with Loop 337.

Loop 338
Texas State Highway Loop 338 (Loop 338) encircles Odessa. Unlike Loop 250 in neighboring Midland, Loop 338 is not a freeway at any point. Instead, it runs as a divided expressway, divided highway and undivided road.

Loop 338 was designated on September 26, 1960, from US 80, 2.5 mi west of Odessa, north, east, and south around Odessa to then-proposed I-20. On June 30, 1961, the section from US 80 to I-20 was transferred to FM 1357, while Loop 338 was rerouted over a section of FM 1357 from US 80 to a point 2.7 mi north. On April 3, 1964, the road was extended to I-20 east of Odessa, replacing FM 1357. On September 30, 1964, the road was extended south 0.6 mi to I-20. On September 26, 1967, the section from I-20 to SH 302 was transferred to SH 302. On September 27, 1985, the road was extended southeast to US 385, creating a concurrency with SH 302. On February 25, 1992, the road was extended west and north to I-20, completing its current route.

 * Junction list

Loop 340
Texas State Highway Loop 340 encircles Waco.

Loop 340 was designated on September 27, 1960, running from US 84 southeast and east to US 77 south of Waco. On February 26, 1964, the road was extended northwest 5 mi to US 84 east of Bellmead, replacing Loop 232. On February 29, 1968, the road was extended northwest 1.7 mi to FM 3051, west of US 81. On September 25, 1984, SH 6 was rerouted concurrent with Loop 340; the old route of SH 6 became Loop 484.

 * Junction list

Loop 343
Loop 343 is located in Austin.

Loop 343 was designated on May 30, 1961, from SH 71 east of Austin near Bergstrom Air Force Base, north along US 183, then west and south to US 290 near western Austin. Portions of the route were formerly SH 71 and US 290 before they were rerouted onto Loop 293. On February 25, 1977, Loop 343 was rerouted along 1st Street (now Cesar Chavez Street) with the former route removed altogether. On November 10, 1986, the section from SH 71 north and east to I-35 was removed from the highway system and returned to the city of Austin.

Loop 344
Loop 344 is located in Azle.

Loop 344 was designated on November 22, 1960, as a loop off SH 199 in Azle as a replacement of SH 199 when it was rerouted.

Loop 345
Loop 345 was located in San Antonio.

Loop 345 was designated on January 26, 1962, as a loop off I-10 in San Antonio as a replacement of US 87 when it was rerouted. The route was signed as US 87 Business until 1992. On December 18, 2014, the section from Balcones Heights south to I-10 was removed and returned to the city of San Antonio and the remainder was redesignated as Spur 345.

Loop 346
Loop 346 was located in Kemp.

Loop 346 was designated on June 25, 1984, as a loop off US 175 in Kemp as a replacement of US 175 when it was rerouted. On June 21, 1990, Loop 346 was cancelled and transferred to Bus. US 175.

Loop 350
State Highway Loop 350 (Loop 350) is a loop in Sealy. It runs from SH 36 via Sealy to SH 36.

Loop 352
Loop 352 was located in Chico.

Loop 352 was designated on August 29, 1961, as a loop off SH 114 (now SH 101) in Chico as a replacement of SH 114 when it was rerouted. On June 21, 1990, Loop 352 was cancelled and transferred to Bus. SH 101.

Loop 353
Loop 353 is a 7.875 mi loop route in the U.S. state of Texas that follows a former route of U.S. Highway 81 (US 81) in San Antonio.

Loop 354
Loop 354 was located in Dallas. Loop 354 was designated on September 19, 1961, from I-35E in the north part of Dallas, southward along the old route of US 77 to I-35E in the south part of Dallas. On June 25, 1991, the section from Loop 12 in north Dallas to I-35E in the south part of Dallas was cancelled and given to the city of Dallas. The remainder was cancelled on March 29, 2018, and was given to the city of Dallas.

Loop 355
Loop 355 was located in Abilene. It is now Business I-20.

Loop 357
Loop 357 was located in Decatur. It is now Bus. US 81.

Loop 358
Loop 358 was located in Orange.

Loop 358 was designated on April 30, 1962, as a loop off I-10 in Orange as a replacement of US 90 when it was rerouted. The route was signed as Bus. US 90 rather than Loop 358. On June 21, 1990, Loop 358 was cancelled and transferred to Bus. US 90.

Loop 360
Loop 360 is a 13.99 mi loop route in Austin in the U.S. state of Texas.

Loop 361
Loop 361 is located in Bedias.

Loop 361 was designated on June 25, 1962, from SH 90/FM 1696 in Bedias west and south to FM 1696.

Loop 362
Loop 362 is located in Amarillo.

Loop 362 was designated on June 26, 1962, along Nelson Street (now Quarter Horse Drive) from I-40 to US 287 (now Loop 395). Although Loop 362 was cancelled on June 21, 1990, and transferred to Bus. US 287, it was changed back to Loop 362 four months later.

Loop 363
Loop 363 (also known as the H.K. Dodgen Loop) is a state highway loop that encircles the Texas city of Temple in Central Texas.

Loop 365
Loop 365 was located in Lavon.

Loop 365 was designated on April 24, 1967, as a loop off SH 78 in Lavon as a replacement of SH 78 when it was rerouted. The route was signed as SH 78 Business rather than Loop 365. On June 21, 1990, Loop 365 was cancelled and transferred to Bus. SH 78.

Loop 367 (1962)
The first use of the Loop 367 designation was in Scurry County as a loop off US 84 in Hermleigh. The route was signed as US 84 Business rather than Loop 367. On June 21, 1990, Loop 367 was cancelled and transferred to Bus. US 84.

Loop 367 (1996)
The next use of the Loop 367 designation was in Johnson County, from US 67, 3.3 mi west of US 67/SH 174 in Cleburne, north and east 7.9 mi to SH 174, 1 mi north of SH 174/SH 171, north of Cleburne. Loop 367 was cancelled six months later by district request and transferred to US 67 when it was rerouted; the former route of US 67 became Bus. US 67.

Loop 368
Loop 368 is located in San Antonio.

Loop 368 was designated on August 1, 1962, from I-35 at Fratt southwest along old US 81 to I-35 and Broadway as a replacement of US 81 when it was rerouted east. The route was signed as Bus. US 81 until 1991 when US 81 was decommissioned in favor of I-35. On December 18, 2014, the section from Alamo Heights to I-410 was planned to be removed from the highway system. This section was to be removed when construction was complete, but in January 2022, TxDOT reversed its decision and retained its jurisdiction as San Antonio did not provide the required acceptance letter for the project.

Loop 369
Loop 369 is located in Abernathy. It is an old alignment of US 87 through the city.

Loop 370
Loop 370 was located in Wichita Falls.

Loop 370 was designated on September 25, 1962, from US 287 near northwestern Iowa Park east via Wichita Falls to SH 79/Loop 165. The route was signed as US 287 Business rather than Loop 370. On February 8, 1972, the western terminus was moved to US 287 in Iowa Park. Loop 370 was cancelled on June 21, 1990, and transferred to Bus. US 287.

Loop 372
Loop 372 was located in Rowlett.

Loop 372 was designated on February 28, 1962, from SH 66 west of Long Branch south and east to Liberty Grove Road, then north to then-proposed SH 66. On December 19, 1991, Loop 372 was cancelled and transferred to Bus. SH 66.

Loop 373
Loop 373 is located in Bridgeport.

Loop 373 was designated on March 29, 2007, from US 380 south, west, and south to SH 114 as a replacement of a section of Bus. SH 114 (old Loop 373) and all of Bus. US 380 (former Spur 129).

Loop 373 (1962)
The original Loop 373 was designated on November 1, 1962, from FM 920 and new SH 114 east to Spur 129, then south to SH 114. On June 21, 1990, Loop 373 was cancelled and transferred to Bus. SH 114.

Loop 374
Loop 374 was designated on March 20, 1963, from US 83 near western Mission east to US 83 near western Harlingen. The designation became effective when traffic was routed on new US 83. The route was also signed as US 83 Business rather than Loop 374. On March 2, 1967, the road was extended west 5.5 mi to US 83, 0.5 mi west of FM 1427. On September 27, 1987, Loop 374 was rerouted in Mission. On June 21, 1990, Loop 374 was cancelled and transferred to Bus. US 83.

Loop 375
Loop 375 is a beltway that partially encircles the city of El Paso, Texas. The beltway is mostly a freeway, except for its northern section, which includes at-grade intersections.

Loop 376
Loop 376 was located in Winnie.

Loop 376 was designated on October 31, 1962, from SH 124/FM 1406 at Winnie, east and northeast 1.3 mi to SH 73. On August 4, 1988, Loop 376 was cancelled by district request and transferred to FM 1406.

Loop 377
Loop 377 was located in Colorado City. It is now Business I-20.

Loop 378
Loop 378 is located in San Angelo.

Loop 378 was designated on December 4, 1968, from US 87 north of San Angelo along Chadbourne St to US 87 at Washington Drive as a replacement of US 87 when it was rerouted. On February 19, 1972, the road was extended south to US 87 when it was rerouted again. On March 29, 1988, the section from US 87 to FM 388 was given to San Angelo and the section from FM 388 to FM 1223 became part of FM 1223.

Loop 382
Loop 382 was located in Grapevine.

Loop 382 was designated on April 18, 1963, as a loop off SH 114 in Grapevine as a replacement of SH 114 when it was rerouted. The route was signed as SH 114 Business rather than Loop 382. On June 21, 1990, Loop 382 was cancelled and transferred to Bus. SH 114.

Loop 384
Loop 384 was located in Round Rock. It was redesignated Business I-35, a segment of which later became the now-cancelled Spur 379.

Loop 385
Loop 385 is located in Bainer.

Loop 385 was designated on May 24, 1963, on the current route as a replacement of US 84 when it was rerouted.

Loop 387
Loop 387 was located in Pilot Point.

Loop 387 was designated on September 26, 1963, as a loop off SH 99 (now US 377) in Pilot Point as a replacement of SH 99 when it was rerouted. On December 19, 1991, Loop 387 was cancelled and transferred to Bus. US 377.

Loop 388
Loop 388 is located in Shallowater.

Loop 388 was designated on September 26, 1963, as a loop off of US 84 in Shallowater as a replacement of US 84 when it was rerouted.

Loop 389
Loop 389 is located in Carbon.

Loop 389 was designated on September 26, 1963, as a loop off SH 6 in Carbon as a replacement of SH 6 when it was rerouted. The route was signed as SH 6 Business rather than Loop 389. On March 2, 1967, a 0.7 mi section from FM 2526 north to SH 6 was cancelled (it was already a portion of FM 2526).

Loop 390
State Highway Loop 390 (Loop 390) is a state highway loop that forms a partial beltway around Marshall, Texas.

Loop 391
Loop 391 is located in Windom.

Loop 391 was designated on November 20, 1963, as a loop from FM 1743 in Windom east and north via Main Street to US 82.

Loop 392
Loop 392 was located in Alvarado. It is now Business I-35.

Loop 393
Loop 393 is located in Goodrich.

Loop 393 was designated on November 20, 1963, as a loop off of US 59 in Goodrich as a replacement for US 59 when it was rerouted.

Loop 395
Loop 395 is located in Amarillo.

Loop 395 was designated on December 20, 1963, from I-40 and Tee Anchor Boulevard along old US 287 to Pierce Street. On June 21, 1990, Loop 395 was transferred to Bus. US 287, but was transferred back to Loop 395 four months later.

Loop 396
Loop 396 is located in Waco.

Loop 396 was designated on May 27, 1969, as a redesignation of Spur 396 when it was extended to SH 6.


text:
Juan Blanco

Juan Blanco (June 29, 1919 in Mariel, Cuba – November 5, 2008 in Havana) was the first Cuban composer to utilize electroacoustics, spatial music and multimedia.

Education
Blanco studied at the Municipal Conservatory of Havana with José Ardévol.

Work
Blanco’s first pieces composed in the 1950s, such as “Triptico Coral”, “Cantata de la paz”, “Elegía” and “Divertimento,” conveyed a nationalistic theme. He was the first Cuban composer to create an electroacoustic piece in 1961. This first composition, titled “Musica Para Danza”, was produced with an oscillator and three tape recorders.

In 1970, Blanco began to work as a music advisor for the Department of Propaganda of ICAP (Insituto Cubano de Amistad con Los Pueblos). In this capacity, he created electroacoustic music for all the audiovisual materials produced by ICAP. After working for nine years without payment, Blanco finally obtained financing to establish an Electroacoustic Studio. He was appointed as Director of the Studio, under the condition that he should be the only one to use the facility. After several months, he opened the studio to all composers interested in working with electroacoustic technology, thus creating the ICAP Electroacoustic Music Workshop (TIME), where he provided direct training to participants.

In 1990, the ICAP Workshop changed its name to Laboratorio Nacional de Música Electroacústica (LNME), with the objective of promoting and supporting the work of Cuban electroaocustic composers and sound artists.

Juan Blanco composed numerous pieces such as Ensemble V, Texturas, Episodio, Contrapunto Espacial, Erotofonias and Studies for recorded group.

He served as musical director of the National Council of Culture (Consejo Nacional de Cultura) for several years, and created the International Electroacoustic Music Festival, "Primavera en Varadero" in 1981, with the purpose of presenting Cuban composer’s electroacoustic and avant-garde works to an international audience and to establish relationships with foreign composers and artists.

title: Juan Blanco


text:
Wikiversity:Who are Wikiversity participants?

There are many roles, or ways of participating, in Wikiversity—indeed, it is possible to have multiple roles. This page is to document and explore these roles.

Anyone can contribute to Wikiversity. You can click the register button to join up and start helping out. You can even edit pages without being a registered user!

Volunteers
Wikiversity is written, edited, and staffed by volunteers. Anyone is capable of editing a page, but some people in particular devote a portion of their time to editing and maintaining Wikiversity, all these individuals are volunteers. Wikiversity owes its existence to these volunteers, and thanks the most vigilant by giving them custodianship, or sysop privileges.

Newcomers and experienced participants
Experienced users are supposed to do their best to "not bite newcomers". That is, sometimes experienced users forget what it is like to be new to Wikimedia projects and can sometimes be less sensitive than appropriate in helping newcomers to become aware of best practices that contribute to the best possible quality of the projects. So please be bold, and forge your own path!

Learners / Students
Primarily here to learn. Can access learning materials, and join existing learning projects or form new ones.

Mentors / Teachers
Primarily here to teach. Can write learning materials, assist learners, and mentor students.

Researchers
Engaged in gathering, analyzing, and presenting new information and knowledge.

Editors
Modifying and improving the content, presentation, precision, sourcing, etc. of others work. Interestingly, any effective feedback to resource creators shifts this role towards embracing aspects of the instructor and/or learning theorist. This is true without further specific participation of the editor should the originator of the material learn anything from a different comparison of the original to the edited version.

Custodians
Sometimes called "admins" or "sysops" on other projects, custodians have some extra tools to facilitate maintenance work on Wikiversity, including deleting pages, and blocking people who vandalise Wikiversity or engage in destructive activity.

Curators
Curators have some extra tools to manage content on Wikiversity, including moving and deleting pages and rolling back vandalism.

"Gardeners"
Quite a lot of wiki work is in linking pages, creating structuring resources (such as navigation templates), adding categories, etc. in order to aid others in their navigation of Wikiversity. This is sometimes called "gardening" to indicate the "hidden" jobs that make the whole thing (i.e. wiki/garden) work and look better. Most of this work does not require custodian tools.

Community builders
Welcoming new participants, pointing people in appropriate directions, creating, developing, and sustaining community spaces (have a peek at Category:Wikiversity)

Learning theorists
Discussing how learning works on Wikiversity, and helping orientate learning projects and resources around pedagogical theories and practice.

Facilitators
Help things happen—pointing people to appropriate pages or people, asking questions, raising suggestions, etc.

Mediators
Help ease conflicts, or move them from destructive towards productive conflict.

Catalysts
Catalysts are "movers and shakers" who work as custodians but don't want or need the sysop tools.

Other roles
Please add further roles here as they arise.

User pages
Many people detail some of their interests and/or activities on their user pages. This can be a way of getting to know someone, or to give some information about yourself that might spark some learning activity. Further info at Help:User page


text:
Category:Cold fusion

Research on the topic of Cold fusion is currently banned from Wikiversity. Any future work on this topic is subject to pre-approval by our research review process. Please submit a request at Community Review/Fringe research before creating any new topics in this category.

title: Category:Cold fusion


text:
Rocky Blare

Rocky Blare is an American politician and insurance agent serving as a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives from the 21st district. He previously represented the same district in the South Dakota Senate from 2019 to 2021.

Blare lives outside Ideal, South Dakota with his wife, a public school teacher.

Election history

 * 2018: Blare was elected with 4,918 votes to the South Dakota Senate defeating Julie Bartling who received 4,084 votes.
 * 2020: Blare was elected to the South Dakota House of Representatives with 6,330 votes; Caleb Finck was also re-elected with 5,038 votes and Jessica Hegge received 2,911 votes.

title: Rocky Blare


text:
Topic talk:Graphic design with computers

nonfree software
Does it really make sense for a free content project powered by free software to teach how to use nonfree software (Photoshop and DirectX)? I'm removing it for now, so hard work isn't put into something that will end up being deleted anyway. If anyone feels that these are appropriate subjects, discuss it here first. A thing 06:15, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Personally I don't have a problem with it. We're providing knowledge about how to use graphic design programs, not ignoring programs you happen to have to pay for in favor of free alternatives.  Don't get me wrong, I strongly support free programs, but in the interest of neutrality for Wikiversity, I think that all kinds of programs should be supported, unless doing so somehow causes a negative impact to someone. --Aepex 06:29, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

 * That's not the free I'm talking about. This is the free I'm talking about. A thing 14:38, 24 August 2006 (UTC)


text:
tetta

Etymology
From, , from , from , from.

Compare also 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. The word is found in many European languages and may simply be ultimately an formation based on infantile language.

Noun

 * 1)  boob, booby, tit, jug (slang expression for breast)

Etymology
From.

title: tetta


text:
Sara Fantini

Sara Fantini (born 16 September 1997) is an Italian female hammer thrower european champion at Roma 2024.

Career
She has won 14 national championships at senior level, and ranked in the top 60, at 51st place, on the IAAF world leading list at the end of the 2017 outdoor season. She is the daughter of the former shot putter Corrado Fantini.

In 2019 her personal record 70.30 m, besides being the 32nd result of the world lists of the year (which allowed her to be invited by the IAAF for the 2019 World Athletics Championships thanks to the target numbers), and national record under 23, is also the 4th best all-time Italian performance.

She competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics, in Hammer throw.

National records

 * Hammer throw: 75.77 m, (🇪🇸 Madrid, 18 June 2022) - Current holder
 * Hammer throw under-23: 70.30 m (🇮🇹 Livorno, 29 June 2019)

Progression
Her personal best is 75.77 m established in 2022.

Updated to 15 June 2024.

National titles
Fantini has won 15 national championships.

 * Italian Athletics Championships
 * Hammer throw: 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 (8)
 * Italian Winter Throwing Championships
 * Hammer throw: 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 (7)

title: Sara Fantini


text:
User:Aidan4Dice

Tinted Ten DeviantArt Group

Tinted Ten is a group of ten artists that work on a great number of projects together. They work on:

events, meet and greets, videos, animations, movies, TV shows, adoptables, commissions, and much much more.

title: User:Aidan4Dice


text:
Talk:Programming:c

There's a nice public domain C/C++ primer available here; there are also two FDL licensed books on http://savannah.gnu.org which I'll dig up if there's interest, and a C++ wiki, linked from the Wikipedia C++ article.

Would it be a good idea to integrate these as a basis? I'd go with the first link for the general basis, as it covers both languages. I'll do the conversion if people agree that it's a good idea. -- Jimregan 17:53 17 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * I don't like the general idea of C/C++ being taught as one - printf and scanf are not useful/recommended in C++ and cout< > are invalid in C. Vectorsite (your first link) covers C with a footnote on C++ at the end. File methods are different, memory allocation is different, string manipulation is different (I'd love to be using std::string if I knew it better than the char* methods)...if not separate C and C++ books, there should be C- and C++-specific variants of some sections/chapters. Even Bjarne Stroustrop mentions somewhere on his website he doesn't like the phrase "C/C++" - the languages are too different. Geoffrey 00:11 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I agree with the C/C++ problem. I've decided that it might be good to just do a version of each chapter. And then a third chapter that will compare the differences between each language. What do you guys think? Josh

Well, when I said use them as a basis, that's what I meant. The languages have many differences, yes, but they also have a lot in common. I've put a wikified version of the vectorsite stuff in my user namespace; I would use them as a basis, and split them out - it's a primer, not a textbook proper.

We could easily have textbooks for different angles; C++ for beginners, C++ for C programmers, or C for C++ programmers. There's a lot of overlap here, articles could be shared, others adapted for a different approach. For example, the introduction to classes in C++ would be the same for absolute beginners as it would be for C programmers interested in C++. I think it's better to start with something than to start from scratch, and the vectorsite stuff gives that. And if nothing else, the quick reference would make a good appendix.

-- Jimregan 17:37 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I think that the vectorsite stuff could make a good reference, but I don't like its methods. I remember that when I was originally learning how to program that I read some of those books, but they never really helped me a lot. I never really got good at programming until I actually tried to write some semi-big programs. So I was thinking of trying to teach it, and introduce all of the concepts through the use in programming something. For example, I've written a really small game, Pitfall (you an ASCII character falling down a pit of ascii characters), that can be programmed to introduce most of the beginning concepts of programming. I don't just plan to give it to them, and then explain it line by line, I was thinking I'd walk them through the process of programming (introduce them to the mind set of programming) it.

-- Josh /time

The languages are only really common at core syntax. C++ includes C functionality, but it is expected that most of it is not used. Completely different approaches are taken to the same tasks. For example, #define versus const. A "dual" approach will have to explain that in C, const variables can't be used in constant expressions. Beyond the most basic things, C++ does things differently than C: printf versus cout, malloc versus new, pointer versus reference, array versus vector, char* versus string, and so on. The basic syntax is similar but that is hardly grounds for the whole languages being similar. (Occasionally, the lower-level C things like #define's are proper and necessary, but they'll still not the usual C++ way.)

Also, those who only want to learn one or the other will be annoyed with all the extraneous information.

I think we should have separate textbooks for each language, which do not closely parallel each other. (Many C++ things don't have any C parallels, anyway.)

Eric119 22:19 20 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Can the title "Programming:c" be changed to "Programming:C" ? Lfwlfw 02:53 24 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Begat?
Why say that (for example) A begat B; B begat C etc... Rather than using a less archaic word?

title: Talk:Programming:c


text:
User:Jayahulgi/sandbox

Hulagi Srinathacharya (Sripathyacharya)
Sri. Hulagi Srinathacharya was a great scholar who belongs to the Madhvacharya philosophy.He was a great commentator of Madhvacharya philosophy.

His monumental work, "Dwaitadyumani" a commentary on the criticism by Sri Jayateerth a for the work Tatvodyota by Sri Madhvacharya.

title: User:Jayahulgi/sandbox


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Resia Boroboedoer

Resia Boroboedoer

 * ... that The Secret of Borobudur bankrupted its creators partly because of a woman's involvement?
 * ALT1: ... that the studio backing The Secret of Borobudur collapsed partly because of a woman's involvement?
 * ALT2:... that the 1929 film The Secret of Borobudur featured a woman in a bikini-like costume?
 * ALT3:... that The Secret of Borobudur was the first film from the Dutch East Indies targeted at ethnic Chinese?
 * Reviewed: Derek MacKenzie

Created/expanded by Crisco 1492 (talk). Self nom at 08:30, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Good to go — Ed! (talk) 17:57, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Article: Is long enough and recently created. Details are cited to offline sources. Check out IGF.
 * Hook: I don't think Main or Alt1 are useful; they give an unintended impression of misogyny and the article doesn't directly have a citation to the detail anyway. Suggest ALT2 or ALT3.
 * Other: User satisfactorily reviewed another article DYK.

 * Thanks for the review. Struck the original and first alt. — Crisco 1492 (talk) 13:21, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ


text:
JK Enum Nanbanin Vaazhkai

JK Enum Nanbanin Vaazhkai is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written and directed by Cheran, which was simultaneously made and later released in Telugu as Rajadhi Raja. It stars Sharwanand and Nithya Menen while Prakash Raj and Santhanam play supporting roles. The film featured songs by G. V. Prakash Kumar and film scored by Siddharth Vipin. After failing to have a theatrical release in late 2013, the Tamil version of the film had a direct-to-video release in March 2015, becoming the first venture in a new initiative launched by Cheran known as Cinema2Home (C2H). The Telugu version of the film had been indefinitely placed on hold, but was later released theatrically in June 2016, with the makers trying to profit from Sharwanand's popularity.

Plot
Jayakumar, commonly known as JK, is a mid-20s man who does not care about family. Instead, he is obsessed with chatting on Facebook, partying, and passing time with friends. At work, he has a group of friends with similar interests. They all plan on going for a New Year Party.

Two years later, JK is shown to be a changed person – very invested in developing, earning money and taking care of his family. He is shown to make business models with an aim of earning a lot of money in a short period of time. He has goals such as getting his two sisters married and ensuring that his brother gets good education. In attempts to start business, he goes to meet a bank manager at his home. As they had to wait for the bank manager to come, JK and his friend notice that the house is not well-maintained and take on the job to organise it. Upon returning, bank manager appreciates their work and tells JK and his friend that it would be very helpful if they could help clean homes regularly. He also suggests that about 150 other flats in his apartment complex would also appreciate this service. This becomes JK's first business venture. For this, he also ropes in help from his school friend Nithya. Together, JK, Nithya, and their friends go on to become very successful with multiple projects.

Later, the reason for change in JK's behaviour is explained. When JK and friends were planning to go for the New Year Party, Ravi also wants to go with them and becomes a good friend of JK. Ravi comes from a very poor background, and his family is dependent on him. After the party, the gang meets with an accident, resulting in Ravi's death and a serious head injury for JK. JK has only a couple of years left in his life. This makes him realise the importance of life, and he decides to make his family happy and make sure that they have enough money before he dies. However, JK does not tell this to anyone but Nithya. In the end, JK leaves the responsibilities of business and his family to Nithya and goes off to the USA (where he would likely die because of his illness). Nithya is shown to be running the business and living with memories of time spent with her best friend JK.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack features five songs composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar. The album was released by Cheran's music company Dream Sounds Digital Solution on 15 September 2013. The score was composed by Siddharth Vipin who also composed three additional songs for the film. Karthik Srinivasan wrote: "Cheran's last film as director – Pokkisham – had fantastic music from Sabesh Murali; the move to GV Prakash Kumar produces underwhelming results". Indiaglitz wrote: "Funky, rocking and melodious, the album has everything that the youth these days want to listen to. Predominantly duets and only one solo to speak of, the album will certainly be a popular favourite among all". Behindwoods wrote:"There are moments of classic GVP, but could have done with few more".
 * Tamil

 * Telugu

Marketing and release
As part of the promotion Cheran initiated a project named JK Fest 2013, in which college students from Tamil Nadu could participate. Students were asked to visualise and use their creativity to enact the songs of JK Enum Nanbanin Vaazhkai without knowing the film's story. Cheran revealed that the film would be released on Internet, DVD and satellite, on the same day of its theatrical release. Cheran added that by releasing the film across all media on the same day, piracy could be curbed. However, the theatrical release did not happen; the film was instead released as a direct-to-video film on 6 March 2015, via Cheran's C2H (Cinema2Home) initiative. The Telugu version, initially titled Yemito Ee Maya, was later retitled as Rajadhi Raja and released theatrically on 24 June 2016, with the makers attempting to profit from Sharwanand's resurgence at the Telugu box office. However, this version failed commercially.

Reception
Baradwaj Rangan wrote for The Hindu, "JK Enum Nanbanin Vaazhkai feels like Cheran's attempt to show that he isn't, anymore, the sentimental, melodramatic filmmaker whose good intentions haven't always resulted in good movies (or good box-office collections). He's trying to show us that he can be young, hip", adding that the film "may have worked if Cheran had stuck to his style". Regarding the Telugu version, a critic from The Hans India wrote that "Rajadhi Raja is a breezy feel good film with colourful visuals, enchanting score and well sketched characters.

title: JK Enum Nanbanin Vaazhkai


text:
1977 South Pacific Championships

The 1977 South Pacific Championships was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tournament held on outdoor grass courts at the Milton Courts in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia that was part of the One Star category of the 1977 Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from 10 October until 16 October 1977. First-seeded Vitas Gerulaitis won the singles title.

Singles
🇺🇸 Vitas Gerulaitis defeated 🇦🇺 Tony Roche 6–7(2–7), 6–1, 6–1, 7–5
 * It was Gerulaitis' 3rd singles title of the year and the 6th of his career.

Doubles
🇺🇸 Vitas Gerulaitis / 🇺🇸 Bill Scanlon defeated 🇦🇺 Mal Anderson / 🇦🇺 Ken Rosewall 7–6, 6–4

title: 1977 South Pacific Championships


text:
Sam Dastor

Sam Dastor is an Indian-born British actor best known for his appearances in British television series.

Life and career
Dastor was born in India and raised in a Parsi family of Zoroastrian faith, though he later converted to Christianity. He graduated from the University of Cambridge. He studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) and joined the National Theatre, where he was under the direction of Sir Laurence Olivier.

Dastor has acted in the West End, including playing Ariel in a production of The Tempest while Paul Scofield played Prospero. Dastor also appeared in three of Simon Gray's plays: Melon, Hidden Laughter, and Cell Mates.

Dastor is best known for his many appearances on British television, often playing characters of exotic origin. His most notable roles include Cassius Chaerea in the 1976 BBC adaptation of I, Claudius and Gandhi in both Lord Mountbatten: The Last Viceroy and the film Jinnah. Other credits include Coronation Street (as Jimmy, a Weatherfield Market trader in October 1981), Softly, Softly, Space: 1999, Blake's 7, Shoestring, Yes Minister, Fortunes of War, A Touch of Frost and Spooks. He has also narrated and voice-acted for a number of audiobooks and radio dramas.

Partial filmography

 * Made (1972) – Mahdav
 * Jinnah (1998) – Gandhi
 * Such a Long Journey (1998) – Dinshawji
 * The Life and Death of Peter Sellers (2004) – Hal Ashby

title: Sam Dastor


text:
Wikiversity:Chat/Meeting schedule

Welcome to the project page for the Internet Relay Colloquium, an attempt to see if holding IRC meetings on Wikiversity is feasible. First a date, time and duration will be set, then a timer will be placed on the main colloquium and here. The first meeting will be about how the meeting will work and the goal of the meetings.

One idea is to take a school from the list below, one a week, and vote on a course or learning project (A prototype for the school) that people want to talk about in that school. At the date of the talk the voting will stop and that will become the topic of the meeting the week after.

Place your signature next to the times, days, durations, and topic you support.

Time
The time should be one which most of the participants can take part. An idea would be a time in the morning for those in the west coast of America, and at the same time the evening in east Europe, on a weekend. Or more than one meeting could be held.

Times in UTC; current time is .

 * 1:00
 * 2:00
 * 3:00
 * 4:00
 * 5:00
 * 6:00
 * 7:00
 * 8:00
 * 9:00 Hughm
 * 10:00 Hughm
 * 11:00
 * 12:00
 * 13:00
 * 14:00
 * 15:00
 * 16:00
 * 17:00
 * 18:00 Hughm
 * 19:00 SamanthaKaranodakasayi Hughm
 * 20:00 SlakaJ Hughm
 * 21:00 Hughm
 * 22:00
 * 23:00
 * 24:00

Day

 * Monday Hughm
 * Tuesday Hughm
 * Wednesday Hughm
 * Thursday Hughm
 * Friday Hughm
 * Saturday Rayc SlakaJ Samantha Karanodakasayi Hughm
 * Sunday Hughm

Every

 * Weekly Hughm
 * Bimonthly Rayc
 * Monthly SlakaJ Samantha Karanodakasayi

Length

 * 15 minutes
 * 30 minutes Rayc SlakaJ
 * 1 hour with an intermission Samantha Karanodakasayi Hughm

Which school should go first?

 * Social Sciences
 * Humanities
 * Engineering and Technology - the School of Computer Science seems fairly active and may have a high % of IRC users. Hughm
 * Life Sciences
 * Fine Arts
 * Practical Arts and Sciences Karanodakasayi
 * Interdisciplinary Studies
 * Mathematics
 * Physical Sciences
 * Political Science Samantha

title: Wikiversity:Chat/Meeting schedule


text:
Bollsta IK

Bollsta IK is a sports club in Bollstabruk, Sweden, established in 1912.

The women's soccer team played in the Swedish top division in 1978 and 1979.

title: Bollsta IK


text:
User:Daniel Mietchen/Talks/Wikimania 2012/National Center for Biotechnology Information/Wikimedia/WikiProject Computational Biology

 * WP:COMPBIO
 * Computational biology

Statistics
The table is automatically updated every few days; click here to update immediately.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kids World (film)

The result was   keep. Missvain (talk) 07:40, 14 February 2015 (UTC)

Kids World (film)

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Fails WP:NFILM pretty readily, not much coverage beyond a review in Variety and that's the only RS I found regarding it. tutterMouse (talk) 20:48, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Film-related deletion discussions. tutterMouse (talk) 20:51, 7 February 2015 (UTC)

 * UK DVD:
 * UK DVD:
 * UK DVD:
 * UK DVD:
 * UK DVD:
 * UK DVD:
 * UK DVD:
 * UK DVD:

 * Keep It's a Christopher Lloyd film after all and New Zealand project too. Beyond Variety (impressive that they took notice), I found another at Urban Cinefile, and the thing brought award attention to its stars. Yes, it definitely needs use of sources, but it's just notable enough to allow a keep and improve over time and through diligent efforts. No need to delete.  Schmidt,  Michael Q.
 * Keep. A Variety review, even a flawed one, is almost always a demonstration of notability for a film. Other sources listed above by M.Q. Schmidt are fine as well. Cavarrone 07:36, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of New Zealand-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 13:57, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of United States of America-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 13:57, 11 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Harry Wootliff

Draft accepted
I accepted this draft. The sources are borderline weak for independent coverage, but there are more out there, and I believe when examined this will pass the WP:GNG. —SmokeyJoe (talk) 02:13, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

Feedback from New Page Review process
I left the following feedback for the creator/future reviewers while reviewing this article: Thank you for this new article. Please consider adding an infobox at the upper right, as seen in articles for other filmmakers like this. See also Template:Infobox person for more details..

---  DOOMSDAYER 520 (Talk|Contribs) 22:09, 23 December 2019 (UTC)

Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reasons for deletion at the file description pages linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 09:21, 16 May 2022 (UTC)
 * OnlyYouPoster.jpg
 * TrueThingsPoster.png

title: Talk:Harry Wootliff


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of West Virginia Mountaineers significant football games

The result was   delete. — Crisco 1492 (talk) 03:09, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

List of West Virginia Mountaineers significant football games

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The selection criteria for this list is subjective and not encyclopedic. See Articles for deletion/List of historically significant Michigan Wolverines football games for an analogous article that was deleted. Jweiss11 (talk) 04:44, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Delete. Criteria in selection of games for inclusion in this list is subjective and probably violates the Wikipedia prohibition against original research per WP:OR.  Furthermore, regular season college football games are not inherently notable, and must satisfy the specific notability guidelines of WP:SPORTSEVENT, WP:EVENT or WP:GNG.  In all events, a subjective "highlights" game list such as this is contrary to the established policy of WikiProject College football, whereby regular season CFB games are collected into season articles or season decade articles.  While CFB bowl games and other CFB championships games are presumed to be notable, individual regular season games are not.  Dirtlawyer1 (talk) 05:10, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * If I might make a further suggestion: the closing administrator should userfy this article for any editor who requests it, so that any salvageable content may be transferred to the West Virginia Mountaineers football season articles. Most the WVU football season articles are bare stubs, consisting of only a lead, infobox and records table.  We should do anything we can to promote their improvement.  Dirtlawyer1 (talk) 14:04, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Delete Dirtlawyer1 is correct: totally subjective and WP:OR.--GrapedApe (talk) 10:49, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment not ready to pull a trigger on this one. While certainly the content needs to be better scrutinized, I'm not so sure about the idea of the list itself.--Paul McDonald (talk) 11:51, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete per Dirtlawyer1. - Presidentman talk · contribs Random Picture of the Day (Talkback) 13:51, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete. I don't really see it as original research - the material has external sources. However, the page is primarily a compilation of information from this list and this other list. As of now, the decisions as to which games were included appear to be subjective.
 * However, if the list had categories based on some objective standard (e.g. highest attendance, games that clinched a conference championship, most viewers on television, etc.) then it would be more appropriate. But even with that, I'm not convinced a list of "significant WVU football games" is any more appropriate as a Wikipedia article than a similar list for Nevada, or North Texas, or Appalachian State (which is to say it isn't appropriate). Therefore I recommend the article be deleted.
 * I think what would make more sense would be to include a "top five" list of games based on objective categories (such as the ones I mentioned above) on the West Virginia Mountaineers football page. Perhaps if desired, the two external links that are the primary sources could also be included (although the links to the home pages for those sites are already on that WVU football page). I also agree with Dirtlawyer1's suggestion about transferring info to the individual season pages for WVU football. Mdak06 (talk) 14:27, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Merge to West Virginia Mountaineers football per precedent cited in nomination. --BDD (talk) 15:52, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Schools-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 00:42, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of American football-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 00:43, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Lists-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 00:43, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Merge Content should be WP:PRESERVEd into West Virginia Mountaineers football or appropriate season specific article (from list at List of West Virginia Mountaineers football seasons)—Bagumba (talk) 01:17, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete. Frankly, after looking over the list, I can say that most of these games are "significant" only to WVU, not on any kind of national or collegiate-football scale. The "significant" games are such things as: •400th game, •Final game at Old Mountaineer Field, •Bill McKenzie kicks a 38-yard field goal as time expires. These sorts of things are not notable to anyone but diehard WVU sports fans. The history of the team is already covered in excruciating detail in West Virginia Mountaineers football. •••Life of Riley (T–C) 05:09, 15 July 2012 (UTC)