text:
Talk:Game Over: Kasparov and the Machine

Strong PV section removed
I removed a "summary of the film" section that had been added by <IP_ADDRESS> since it was strong POV. There is nothing wrong with enlarging the description of the film, but it must be done in a way that makes it clear that what is being described are the opinions expressed in the film and not facts. (See NPOV) E.g. it is wrong to say that the chess community suspected foul play on the part of IBM as that is not true (of the chess community in general). Any summary needs to be expressed in terms like: "The film expressed the opinion that ...". And it needs to be said that these opinions are highly controversial - they are not generally agreed upon. And I haven't seen the film so I don't know whether the film says this or not, but it is definitely factually untrue that IBM did not release the game logs. They were made available to Kasparov right after the match and were put up on IBM's web site soon after. See the other wikipedia articles on Deep Blue. - Hayne 15:08, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I think there is some miscommunication here: Kasparov asked for the release of the game logs, in which he meant a summary of everything that Deep Blue was thinking during each move. IBM released the moves that it actually made, not the moves it was thinking of making (which was what Kasparov actually wanted, because he suspected that they were cheating!) Sasha 05:47, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

 * No - I don't think there is any miscommunication here. The logs that were released right after the match ended and which are still available on IMB's web site are the full info on what Deep Blue was "thinking". The logs show the evaluations of the "principal variation" (the move that was considered best at that stage in the "thinking" and the expected continuation). Sometimes the logs show that one move was initially considered best but then more analysis made it change to consider a different move as better. - Hayne 00:51, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Deep Blue Controversy
Although IBM's Deep Blue officially defeated Garry Kasparov in their 1997 confrontation, there is much controversy surrounding that match. Primarily, Kasparov and all of the Chess Community felt that IBM was cheating during their match by having humans intervene in Deep Blue's thought process. It is universally accepted that a human and a computer together is much more powerful a force than a human and a computer individually.

These suspicions were made particularly clear in Game 2 of Deep Blue’s 1997 match with Kasparov. Kasparov forced Deep Blue in to a closed game, during which computers are tend to have the most trouble in. He also offered Deep Blue two pawn sacrifices, which would have given Deep Blue a short-term advantage, with possible consequences in the future. Computers tend to snatch at the free material while paying less attention to king safety. However, alarms went off when Deep Blue did not take the pawns. Instead, it performed a move that was far more representative of former World Champion Karpov. Eventually, Kasparov resigned the game, saying that it was hopeless at the end. He was genuinely suspicious that there was human intervention in that game, due to the fact that Deep Blue made too many "human" moves, and did not play like a computer.

The suspicions raised in Game 2 are not merely the work of conspiracy theorists: when Kasparov resigned the game, he had missed a simple perpetual check, which would have easily drawn the match. Kasparov was horrified when he realized this, and the Chess Community was deeply concerned: how could a computer play so well, but miss something as basic as a perpetual check? This is unfathomable to think about.

Kasparov and the rest of the Chess Community were seriously suspecting human intervention in Game 2 due to this fact. It is very possible that there was a relatively strong human (not necessarily a grandmaster) watching the screen, and Deep Blue needed permission from this person to make a move. If the human noted that Deep Blue's contemplated move would place its king in danger, the human would drop the main log, and revert to the second-best, safer move. It is effectively impossible for a computer, especially one like Deep Blue, to miss a perpetual check, like Deep Blue did in Game 2. However, it is rather plausible that a human might, especially when playing under pressure (as was Kasparov).

In fact, there is much evidence of unethical behaviour and human intervention during the match. During one of the games, Deep Blue crashed, and IBM mechanics were sent over to repair it. In all fairness, this should have resulted in a resignation by Deep Blue and a victory by Kasparov. However, being the good sport that he is, Kasparov merely chuckled and started chatting merrily with his mother, when the referee of the game shot him down and stated that he was not to communicate with anyone. "Why not?", replied Kasparov, "they're talking to their guy all the time!". He was referring to the IBM mechanics, who were, indeed, constantly modifying Deep Blue, during and in between matches.

There is much more evidence of unethical behaviour on the behalf of IBM: they had promised to release Deep Blue's main logs for all the games after the match had been completed, but they backed out on that deal. When Kasparov defeated Deep Blue by a considerable margin in 1996, he agreed to a re-match. However, when Deep Blue defeated him in the 1997 rematch, IBM refused another showdown, so Kasparov could never redeem himself. Finally, IBM was indeed modifying Deep Blue in between the matches, and playing with Kasparov’s mind in the process: Deep Blue effectively gave Game 1 to Kasparov, furthering the mental implications that Kasparov’s Game 2 defeat had on him.

Kasparov's loss in Game 2 was effectively a loss of the entire match. Chess is famous for psychological warfare between players, but one can obviously not conduct such warfare against a computer. Kasparov collapsed psychologically: Games 3, 4 and 5 were drawn partially due to the fact that Kasparov could not recover after Game 2: he was constantly thinking "something is up here", and he could not quite place his finger on it. IBM furthered Kasparov's suspicious and deliberately fed his paranoia: they were playing with his mind. In the end, Kasparov simply wanted to end the match: he gave Deep Blue the 6th and final game, without even putting up a fight.

Furthermore, chess matches are seldom executed without both players conducting extensive research on their opponent, including their strongest / weakest openings, play style, etc. Deep Blue had a myriad of information on Kasparov (of course: it was built for the sole purpose of defeating him), but Kasparov was not given any information whatsoever about Deep Blue before the match. This would be incredible barrier facing players at the Grandmaster Level: one can not expect a fair match when one player knows everything about his opponent, while the other knows nothing at all.

However, any Chess player could tell that Kasparov was a stronger player than Deep Blue: Kasparov played an emotional game against something with no emotions, and the vast controversy surrounding the matches, as well as IBM's unethical toying with Kasparov's mind, had detrimental effects on Kasparov's game. Perhaps this is why IBM refused another rematch to serve as a tiebreaker: now that Kasparov knew what he was up against, a greedy corporation playing a death-match against him rather than the friendly experiment they had originally claimed that it was, he may have been able to sufficiently prepare himself once he was prepared for all the psychological tricks and had reviewed its past games. In the end, it was not Deep Blue that defeated Kasparov: Kasparov was defeated by his own emotions in the face of unethical play. Sasha 05:51, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I feel compelled to respond to some of the comments by user "Sasha" above.
 * Sasha said "It is effectively impossible for a computer, especially one like Deep Blue, to miss a perpetual check" but this betrays an ignorance of how computer chess programs work. They calculate move by move and always have a limit (usually referred to as a "horizon") beyond which they can't "see" what is going to happen. In the case of checks and other forcing moves, the limit is usually extended to be larger number of moves than usual but there is still a limit. if the situation is sufficiently complex, then computer chess programs often do not "see" perpetual checks until they get closer.
 * Sasha said "IBM mechanics, who were, indeed, constantly modifying Deep Blue, during and in between matches" but in fact there has been no evidence whatsoever that "mechanics" or programmers modified Deep Blue while a game was in progress. Modifications of the program parameters between games was not disallowed by the rules of the match and was done. But note that this is analogous to Kasparov reading a chess book inbetween games and being influenced to change his gameplay because of something in the book - nothing unusual or wrong with that!
 * Sasha said "they backed out on that deal" but as I have pointed out above, IBM did in fact release the full logs as promised and they are still available on the IBM web site. - Hayne 01:07, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
 * To expand on above, the perpetual check theory has been disproven by modern chess engines such as Rybka. They show white has a way of stopping the perpetual check and coming out better and in all likelihood deep blue was advanced enough to see the variation since it chose the line. Since Kasparov resigned, the world may never know. You can see an illustrated video of what i'm referring to in Kingscrusher(on youtube)'s video here http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FvA6zKPUwqE.

Removal of "needs infobox" tag
This article has had its infobox tag removed by a cleanup using AWB. Any concerns please leave me a message at my talk page. RWardy 19:55, 10 September 2007 (UTC)


text:
mâncând

Verb

 * Are să devină destul de gras mâncând atât de mult.
 * He's going to become quite fat eating so much.
 * He's going to become quite fat eating so much.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: mâncând


text:
Jim McCune

James G. McCune (born September 17, 1950) is an American politician and businessman serving as a member of the Washington State Senate, representing the 2nd district since 2021. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a member of the Pierce County Council, representing the 3rd district from 2017 to 2021 and as a member of the Washington House of Representatives from 1998 to 1999 and again from 2005 to 2013.

Early life and education
McCune was born in Seattle and raised in Graham, Washington. He earned his high school diploma from Highline High School in Burien, Washington.

Career
McCune began his career as a provider of Copper River salmon products. He later served on the board of the Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation. McCune served as a member of the Washington House of Representatives in 1998. In 2004, he was again elected to the House, serving until 2013.

He served as a member of the Pierce County Council, representing the 3rd district from 2013 to 2021.

After incumbent Republican Randi Becker announced her retirement from the Washington State Senate, effective after the end of the 2020 legislative session, McCune announced his candidacy to succeed her. McCune placed first in the August 2020 Republican primary and faced Marilyn Rasmussen in the November general election.

title: Jim McCune


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User:Radiotrefoil/sandbox

↓

Heterojunction solar cells (HJT), variously known as Silicon heterojunctions (SHJ) or Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Layer (HIT), are a family of photovoltaic cell technologies based on a heterojunction formed between dissimilar semiconductors. They are a hybrid technology, combining aspects of conventional crystalline solar cells with thin-film solar cells. Silicon heterojunction architecture has the highest cell collection efficiency for commercial-sized silicon solar cells.

SHJ cells generally consist of an active crystalline silicon absorber substrate passivated by a thin layer of intrinsic amorphous or nanocrystalline silicon (the "buffer layer") and appropriately doped amorphous selective contacts. The buffer layer material and the substrate have different band gaps, forming the heterojunction that is analogous to the p-n junction of traditional solar cells. The high efficiency of heterojunction solar cells is owed to the excellent passivation qualities of such intrinsic buffer layers. Although intrinsic buffer layers are effectively non-conductive, charge carriers can tunnel through as the thickness is typically less than 10 nm. It is advantageous for the passivating layer to have a higher band gap in order to minimise parasitic absorption of photons, as absorption coefficient is partially dependent on band gap.

Heterojunction cells are commercially mass produced and are commonly bifacial. As the thin layers are usually temperature sensitive, heterojunction cells are constrained to a low-temperature manufacturing process. This presents challenges for electrode metallisation, as the typical silver paste screen printing method requires firing at up to 800°C; well above the upper tolerance for most buffer layer materials. As a result, the electrodes are composed of a low-temperature silver paste or electroplated copper.

History
The heterojunction structure, and the ability of amorphous silicon layers to effectively passivate crystalline silicon has been well documented since the 1970s. Heterojunction solar cells using amorphous and crystalline silicon were developed with a conversion efficiency of more than 12% in 1983. Sanyo Electric Co. (now a subsidiary of Panasonic Group) filed several patents pertaining to heterojunction devices including a-Si and μc-Si intrinsic layers in the early 1990s, trademarked "heterojunction with intrinsic thin-layer" (HIT). The inclusion of the intrinsic layer significantly increased efficiency over doped a-Si heterojunction solar cells through reduced density of trapping states, and reduced dark tunnelling leakage currents.

Research and development of SHJ solar cells was supressed until the expiry of Sanyo-issued patents in 2011, allowing various companies to develop SHJ technology for commercialisation. In 2014, HIT cells with conversion efficiencies exceeding 25% were developed, which was then the highest for single junction crystalline silicon cells. This record was broken more recently in 2018 by Kaneka corporation, which produced 26.7% efficient large area interdigitated back contact (IBC) SHJ solar cells, and again in 2022 by LONGi with 26.8% efficiency. As of 2023, this is the highest recorded efficiency for monojunction silicon solar cells.

title: User:Radiotrefoil/sandbox


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Common Knowledge?

'Common Knowledge? An Ethnography of Wikipedia' is a 2014 book about Wikipedia's community of contributors. The author is Dariusz Jemielniak, who is a Wikipedia contributor himself.

Summary
The book has eight chapters, each of which discusses a different aspect of Wikipedia.

Prologue
The author begins by describing that he was in a dispute on Wikipedia from September 2008 to February 2009. He and the other involved parties went through the dispute resolution process, which ended in admonishments for all involved, including a 1-day block for the author. The author reflected on his own behavior, recognizing some poor actions and wondering how all of these things came to happen. In response to the experience the author looked more deeply at how Wikipedia works socially. The anecdote establishes that the author is experienced as a Wikimedia community member and knows how to observe community deliberative processes.

Introduction
There are contemporary negative attitudes to Wikipedia among academics. Michael Gorman, a prominent librarian, disparages Wikipedia as harmful. The author, in contrast, states that he is an academic, and that he recommends Wikipedia for academic and other uses.

Wikipedia is an open collaboration community and such communities are a new paradigm in research and discourse. Among open collaboration communities, Wikipedia is highly successful for producing information of great breadth and quality and for engaging people to share information.

Wikipedia in short
Wikipedia is an encyclopedia and a wiki. When those two concepts were brought together to form Wikipedia, it was an instant success, attracting a large international community of contributors who created encyclopedia articles on many topics in many languages.

Different language Wikipedias have different communities of editors who developed different rule sets. Some popular rules are common in almost all languages of Wikipedia communities, even if they might be interpreted differently in different languages. For example, one quality standard in Wikipedia is "notability", which is the term for describing whether a concept merits an article in Wikipedia. All Wikipedias have some standard for notability, but the standards for notability in one language may differ from others.

The "Wikimedia community" oversee the development of Wikipedia and Wikimedia projects. Researchers have attempted to describe the Wikipedia community with various statistics, including counting its participants, quantifying their activities, reporting demographic surveys, and categorizing the content they submit to the encyclopedia. The Wikimedia community creates its own rules. One rule is "no personal attacks", which is a civility standard. Consensus decision-making is the norm for establishing agreement, while straw polls and other conversation tools advance the discussion. Other rules include avoiding conflict of interest editing, and respecting copyright.

In September 2012, author Philip Roth complained publicly in the media about Wikipedia's presentation of his book The Human Stain. The episode highlighted that people and works who are the subject of Wikipedia articles cannot overrule Wikipedia's own rules for management of those articles.

Wikimedia community members often sort themselves into interest groups called WikiProjects. Individual members often adopt a user name rather than use their offline name. Users present themselves with profiles describing their interests and what they do in the encyclopedia.

Formal roles and hierarchy
The author notes that Andrew Keen's 2007 work The Cult of the Amateur criticized Wikipedia as having a community without culture that produced information which was unreliable and chaotic. A range of academic descriptions of Wikipedia's community are summarized.

Wikipedia's own hierarchy of formal roles is named and ordered: steward, checkuser, oversighter, bureaucrat, administrator, rollbacker, registered user, newly registered user, unregistered user, blocked user. Stewards are elected positions who can perform any technical function and are only limited by social norms. To be elected, stewards must be highly experienced, have great trust from the community, and typically be fluent in a non-English language. The author reveals that he has served as steward. For the other roles, the community entrusts certain sensitive technical rights to certain trusted users who have a demonstrated need to use them.

Counting the number of edits which a user makes to Wikipedia is not an indication of the respect that the Wikimedia community has for that person. However, users who have made large numbers of quality content contributions to Wikimedia projects tend to get more respect. Experienced users are conscious of the edit counts of other users. A user's edit count is the single best available metric which correlates with Wikipedia experience and productivity. There are other factors which experienced editors use to evaluate the contributors of other editors. One prominent system of evaluation is the "request for adminship" process, in which users who pass a peer evaluation may receive administrator rights. Since 2006, many users have described the system both as flawed and the best idea which the community has for this process.

Academic models of power sharing are summarized.

Conflict resolution on Wikipedia
Conflict resolution is the most common social interaction in Wikimedia projects. This is often achieved through consensus building which the author compares to Quaker approaches. The author argues that conflict and dissent are motivations for editing and Wikimedia community celebrates dissent. The satisfaction of seeking consensus is a major motivation in why Wikimedia community members engage. In closing the author argues Wikipedia is a "community of dissensus" where the possibility of legitimate positions authority is dismissed.

The author profiles the exceptionally large dispute around the name for the city Gdańsk, and how the matter played out between 2003 and 2005. The case was a matter of fairly representing cultures, including Polish and German perspectives. Wikipedia provided a forum to position various community representatives with strong opinions to face each other and create a definitive and sufficiently neutral compromise. The author argues that when disputes are factual resolution tends to be reached, but consensus can be less likely if there are differences in point of view. An academic models for the possible outcomes for point of view conflicts is summarized.

Bureaucracy and control
Editing Wikimedia projects is like a panopticon in the sense that there is a permanent, public log of all activity. The nature of Wikipedia permits a level of regulation which surpasses many traditional concepts of bureaucratic control. Relationships among Wikimedia community members are less about social bonds between individuals and more about the ties between individuals and the community. When users wish to request any of the services which Wikipedia offers, that request goes into a specialized queue which solicits an appropriate user to respond, rather than relying on interpersonal relationships to sort requests. Community members who routinely perform specialized activities do gain a reputation and might become regular collaborators with other users with whom that work overlaps. While the Wikimedia Foundation does have authority for some tasks, the community manages almost all on-wiki activity.

A primary mechanism of control in Wikipedia is version control. Whatever action anyone takes, other people can track the changes.

When there is a dispute about content, Wikipedia offers mediation. Typical mediators have a record of experience and usefulness in Wikipedia.

In discussions on Wikipedia, there are published technical and social guidelines. Experienced users are expected to follow the procedures. However, inexperienced users or anyone who slips in the procedure will not have their submission discredited on that basis. The Wikipedia community designates some guidelines on Wikipedia as informal, and others as formal policies. As of November 2013, the word count for the official policies is 150,000, which is the equivalent to a 450-page book. Estimating the size of the unofficial guidelines is challenging with the technical tools available, but it must be millions of words.

Academic theories and models of bureaucracy are summarized. There is a learning curve for newcomers in Wikipedia and various internal mentorship programs available to help editors to become oriented. The Wikimedia community uses the rules as a way to prevent over-reliance on any particular leaders's engagement with the project.

Trust in people and trust in procedures
Wikipedia's system of pseudonymity means that most users establish an on-wiki identity which may be different from their offline identity. The community rejects the idea of checking credentials, so any offline reputation typically will not result in on-wiki respect or deference. There is no routine check on who is adding content to Wikipedia. One reason for these systems is to encourage non-experts to contribute content.

Academic descriptions of trust in online communities are summarized. The 2006 Essjay controversy is presented in which a Wikipedia contributor presented himself as an academic expert in theology and cited his authority as justification for editorial decisions. After accepting certain honors, the user revealed that he had no credentials and that his online identity was a hoax. The case was significant for solidifying community opinion that Wikipedia relies on citing quality published sources rather than any claims citing authority or claims otherwise made without citing sources. Academic descriptions of how users can check credentials in online communities are summarized. The Wikipedia community trusts that when people follow the established procedures, then their actions will meet the needs of typical contributors. There are many ways in which a non-expert or amateur can develop Wikipedia content in collaboration with everyone else, including experts.

Between anarchy and bureaucracy
Some aspects of Wikimedia projects, particularly those which require action offline and outside the website, require governance and leadership outside of the web platform's control. There are heated discussions about the non-profit Wikimedia organization's governance. Just as anyone may contribute to any Wikipedia editorial conversation, anyone can join conversations about the Wikimedia Foundation, its budget, the activities of the Wikimedia chapters of volunteers who organize for their own projects, or any individual project.

Leadership transformed
As founder of Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales has a unique relationship with the Wikipedia community. The Wikimedia community has recognized him as a classical authority figure. His primary role is as a spokesperson for the movement.

The knowledge revolution at the gates
The author describes his role in the Wikimedia movement, asserting 6 years of ethnographic research while also being a community member. Academic criticisms of Wikipedia's overall model are summarized.

Reviews
A reviewer for Vice called the book "both primer and detailed study on the habits of Wikipedians".

A writer for Inside Higher Ed said that the "book offers a management expert's inside view of how it has tried, for better or worse, to arrive at a self-sustaining and novel form of self-management".

In Pacific Standard, the reviewer said the book was "a detailed ethnographic study of a paradoxical culture that is at once egalitarian and hierarchical, rule bound and consensus driven, collaborative and conflict driven".

In Forbes, the reviewer gave summaries of concepts covered, including Wikipedia's rule sets, tension between experienced and inexperienced contributors, conflicts between subject matter experts and fact checkers, and the implications of Wikipedia having a large audience.

An academic reviewer for European Management Review stated their recognition that the book's author had a unique insight into the workings of the Wikimedia community. They commented that the book had a bias for English and Polish language Wikipedia communities due to the author's participation in those communities. They recommended the book as a way to understand Wikipedia, for insights into online communities, or even for learning about aspects of online communities by reading particular chapters without reading the entire book.

title: Common Knowledge?


text:
Physics Study Guide/Logs

=Review of logs= Been a while since you used logs? Here is a quick refresher for you.

The log (short for logarithm) of a number N is the exponent used to raise a certain "base" number B to get N. In short, $$\log_B\ N = x$$ means that $$B^x = N$$.

Typically, logs use base 10. An increase of "1" in a base 10 log is equivalent to an increase by a power of 10 in normal notation. In logs, "3" is 100 times the size of "1". If the log is written without an explicit base, 10 is (usually) implied.

Another common base for logs is the trancendental number $$e$$, which is approximately 2.7182818.... Since $$\frac{d}{dx} e^x = e^x$$, these can be more convenient than $$\log_{10}$$. Often, the notation $$\ln\ x$$ is used instead of $$\log_e\ x$$.

The following properties of logs are true regardless of whether the base is 10, $$e$$, or some other number.

Adding the log of A to the log of B will give the same result as taking the log of the product A times B. Subtracting the log of B from the log of A will give the same result as taking the log of the quotient A divided by B. The log of (A to the Bth power) is equal to the product (B times the log of A). A few examples: log(2) + log(3) = log(6) log(30) – log(2) = log(15) log(8) = log(23) = 3log(2)

title: Physics Study Guide/Logs


text:
Cookbook:Okra

Okra is also known as lady fingers, gumbo and, in south Asia, India, Nepal and some other countries, as bhindi (and, less commonly, bamia and bindi). Gumbo is also the name of a stew that usually contains okra.

Okra grows in an elongated, lantern shape vegetable. It is a fuzzy, green, ribbed, fibrous pod. It is usually two to four inches long, but it can grow to fourteen inches long. When cut open on the bias, it has rows of tiny seeds and a slimy or sticky texture.

The seeds of an okra can be toasted, ground, and served as a coffee substitute. Okra is common in African, Middle Eastern, Greek, Turkish, Indian, Caribbean, and South American cuisines. Okra is commonly associated with US Southern, Creole, and Cajun cooking since it was initially introduced into the United States in the US South. Okra is one of the most popular vegetables in late 20th century Japanese cuisine.

Along with roux, okra is the normal thickening agent in gumbo.

The best okra, like almost all vegetables, is young and fresh right out of the garden. Okra is easy to grow, prolific, and beautiful. Okra is in the hibiscus family, and has very pretty yellow flowers. Okra gets very woody when it gets too mature, so be sure to pick often, even if you stick it in the refrigerator for a few days until you are ready to eat it. Fresh okra should be used the same day that it was purchased or stored paper bag in the warmest part of the refrigerator for 2-3 days. Severe cold temperatures will speed up okra decay.

Steam okra until tender, either whole or sliced about ½ inch thick. Smother it with butter. Okra can also be boiled with tomatoes or fried in a cornmeal batter. Okra can be pickled. Okra is a sensitive vegetable and should not be cooked in pans made of iron, copper or brass since the chemical properties turns okra black.

Slime
If you are not fond of the slime characteristic to okra, you can take a few measures:

 * Before cooking the okra, trim off the ends, being careful not to cut so deeply you expose hollow space inside and seeds.
 * Avoid washing the okra pods too early before you cook.
 * Do not puncture the okra capsule before or during cooking.
 * Do not overcook the okra.
 * Cook the okra with tomatoes or some other acid.

title: Cookbook:Okra


text:
Boy Hits Car

Boy Hits Car is an American rock band from Los Angeles, formed in 1993.

Biography
The band was formed in 1993. After releasing their first album, My Animal, independently in 1998, they went on the Sno-Core Tour and recorded their next album, Boy Hits Car, on Wind-up Records. Their song "LoveFuryPassionEnergy" was used as a theme song for WWE Hall of Famer Lita and was distributed on the WWF Forceable Entry album in 2002. A third album was self released in 2005 called The Passage. In 2006 the band re-released the album in July after signing with Rock Ridge Music as their distributor. It was announced on their homepage that they will have a new album with a planned release on March 15, 2011. Boy Hits Car released their 5th studio album All That Led Us Here in May 2014 and are presently following it up with a European tour.

Peterson stated in a Reddit AMA conducted to mark the self-titled album's 20th anniversary that 12 to 13 tracks had been written for a pending sixth album, with a name for said album still being decided upon at that time. The lead single, Injustice Fatigue, was released in November 2022.

Musical style and influences
Boy Hits Car was started in 1993 with a simple idea—to write and perform 'passionately heavy music' infused with a world beat/middle eastern flavor. The band cite their influences as Jane's Addiction, Primus, Bad Religion, Talking Heads, Quicksand, Led Zeppelin and Helmet, as well as eastern music such as Ali Akbar Khan.

Current

 * Cregg Rondell – vocals, twelve string guitar (1993–present)
 * Bill Gower – bass guitar (2006–present)
 * Mike Bartak – guitar (2007–present)
 * Erik Peterson – drums (2014–present)

Former

 * Louis Lenard – guitar – (1993–2006)
 * Scott Menville – bass guitar (1993–2006)
 * Michael Ferrari – drums (1993–2003)
 * Johnny Ransom – drums (2004–2012)
 * Dusty Hunt – guitar (2005–2007)
 * Will Jenkins – drums (2012–2013)

Studio albums

 * My Animal (1998) (NMG Records)
 * Boy Hits Car (2001) (Wind-Up Records)
 * The Passage (independently released in 2005, then re-released in 2006 through Rock Ridge Music)
 * Stealing Fire (2011) (March 15, 2011)
 * All That Led Us Here (2014)
 * Waves of Sound Across Oceans of Time (2024; pending release)

Live albums

 * Worldwide Alive (2020)

title: Boy Hits Car


text:
terahertz radiation

Noun

 * 1)  Electromagnetic waves with frequencies around one terahertz.
 * 2)  Especially electromagnetic waves in the range 0.1-30 THz (or subranges there of, see T-rays or T-waves).
 * 3) submillimeter wave radiation

title: terahertz radiation


text:
General Chemistry/Properties of elements are periodic

The periodic table of the chemical elements is a display of known chemical elements, arranged by electron structure so that many chemical property|chemical properties vary regularly across the table.

The original table was created without a knowledge of the inner structure of atom|atoms: if one orders the elements by atomic mass, and then plots certain other properties against atomic mass, one sees an undulation or periodicity to these properties as a function of atomic mass. The first to recognize these regularities was the German chemist Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner who, in 1829, noticed a number of triads of similar elements:

This was followed by the English chemist John Alexander Reina Newlands, who in 1865 noticed that the elements of similar type recurred at intervals of eight, which he likened to the octave|octaves of music, though his law of octaves was ridiculed by his contemporaries. Finally, in 1869, the German Lothar Meyer and the Russian chemist Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev almost simultaneously developed the first periodic table, arranging the elements by mass. However, Mendeleev plotted a few elements out of strict mass sequence in order to make a better match to the properties of their neighbours in the table, corrected mistakes in the values of several atomic masses, and predicted the existence and properties of a few new elements in the empty cells of his table. Mendeleev was later vindicated by the discovery of the electronic structure of the elements in the late 19th century|19th and early 20th century.

Lists of the elements List of elements by name|by name, List of elements by symbol|by symbol, and List of elements by number|by atomic number are available. The following figure shows the currently known periodic table of the elements. Each element is listed by its atomic number and chemical symbol. Elements in the same column ("periodic table group|group") are chemically similar.

Colour coding for atomic numbers:
 * Elements numbered in blue are liquids at room temperature;
 * those in green are gases at room temperature;
 * those in black are solid at room temperature;
 * those in red are synthetic and do not occur naturally (all are solid at room temperature).
 * those in gray have not yet been discovered (they also have muted fill colors indicating the likely chemical series they would fall under).

The number of electron shell|electron shells an atom has determines what period it belongs to. Each shell is divided into different subshells, which as atomic number increases are filled in roughly this order:

1s 2s          2p 3s          3p 4s       3d 4p 5s       4d 5p 6s    4f 5d 6p 7s    5f 6d 7p 8s 5g 6f 7d 8p ...

Hence the structure of the table. Since the outermost electrons determine chemical properties, those tend to be similar within groups. Elements adjacent to one another within a group have similar physical properties, despite their significant differences in mass. Elements adjacent to one another within a period have similar mass but different properties.

For example, very near to nitrogen (N) in the second period of the chart are carbon (C) and oxygen (O). Despite their similarities in mass (they differ by only a few atomic mass units), they have extremely different properties, as can be seen by looking at their allotrope|allotropes: diatomic oxygen is a gas that supports burning, diatomic nitrogen is a gas that does not support burning, and carbon is a solid which can be burnt (yes, diamond|diamonds can be burnt!).

In contrast, very near to chlorine (Cl) in the next-to-last group in the chart (the halogen|halogens) are fluorine (F) and bromine (Br). Despite their dramatic differences in mass within the group, their allotropes have very similar properties: They are all highly corrosion|corrosive (meaning they combine readily with metal|metals to form metal halide salt|salts); chlorine and fluorine are gases, while bromine is a very low-boiling liquid; chlorine and bromine at least are highly colored.


text:
List of protected heritage sites in Yvoir

This table shows an overview of the protected heritage sites in the Walloon town Yvoir. This list is part of Belgium's national heritage.

 * }


text:
Jaideva Singh

Jaideva Singh (19 September 1893 in Shoratgarh, Uttar Pradesh – 27 May 1986 in Banaras) was an Indian musicologist and philosopher. He played a key role in the development of All India Radio where he was chief producer. He was influenced by the Indian musicologist Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande.

Singh was a scholar in the Kashmir Saivism school of Indian philosophy, a subject he studied for many years with Swami Lakshman Joo in Kashmir. He prepared and published first-ever English and Hindi translations of a number of Shaivite scriptures. Singh was appointed as the Chairman of the Uttar Pradesh Sangeet Natak Akademi in 1973. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1974 for his contribution to music.

Selected works

 * Introduction to Madhyamaka Philosophy, Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan, Varanasi, 1968.
 * Pratyabhijnahrdayam: The Secret of Self-Recognition, by Kṣemarāja, translation, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1977.
 * Vijnanabhairava or Divine Consciousness: A Treasury of 112 Types of Yoga, translation, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1979.
 * Siva Sutras: The Yoga of Supreme Identity, by Vasugupta, translation, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1979.
 * Spanda-Karikas: The Divine Creative Pulsation, by Vasugupta, translation, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1980.
 * Para-trisika-Vivarana by Abhinavagupta: The Secret of Tantric Mysticism, by Abhinavagupta, translation, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1988.
 * Los Shiva Sutras: El yoga del reconocimiento de la identidad con el Ser supremo, by Vasugupta, translation into Spanish, Fundación Genesian, Sevilla, 2000.
 * Pratyabhijñahridayam. El secreto del autorreconocimiento, by Kṣemarāja, translation into Spanish, Ediciones Maha Yoga, Buenos Aires, 2013.

title: Jaideva Singh


text:
Max Ferrari (soccer)

Maximilian Ferrari (born August 20, 2000) is a Canadian professional soccer player who plays for York United of the Canadian Premier League.

Early life
Ferrari grew up in Newmarket, Ontario. He is of Italian and German descent. He began playing youth soccer at age three or four with Newmarket SC. Afterwards, he played for Richmond Hill SC and ANB Futbol, before later moving to Aurora Youth SC. He also played hockey in his youth, winning two titles at the International Silver Stick hockey tournament.

College career
In 2019, Ferrari attended Humber College where he played for he men's soccer team, winning the OCAA title. He scored his first goal on September 21, 2019, against the St. Clair Saints. He was named an OCAA West Division First-Team All-Star and was named the Humber College Coaches Pick.

Club career
From 2017 to 2019, Ferrari played with Aurora FC in League1 Ontario. On July 29, 2018, he scored two goals to lead Aurora to a 3–2 victory over North Mississauga SC. In November 2019, he was named to the CPL's U-21 Showcase Match for Team Ontario.

In February 2020, Ferrari signed his first professional contract with York9 (which became York United the following season) of the Canadian Premier League. He made his debut on August 15, 2020, against Atlético Ottawa, recording an assist. In October 2020, he extended his contract through the end of 2022, with a club option for the 2023 season. In August 2021, he further extended his contract through 2024. In September 2021, he was named the CPL Player of the Week. After scoring three goals and adding four assists in 30 appearances during the 2021 season, he was nominated for the CPL U21 Player of the Year Award, which was ultimately won by Alessandro Hojabrpour. After the season, York United confirmed that they had received interest from various foreign clubs interested in signing Ferrari. After missing a large portion of the 2022 season due to injury, he returned to full health in 2023, often playing in a full-back role, rather than his usual winger role, as a result of injuries to other players on the squad. On September 17, 2023, he captained the side for the first time, in his 77th appearance for the club, which made him the club's all-time appearance leader.

title: Max Ferrari (soccer)


text:
Intelligence Intensification/Repetition

Why Boring Repetition?
If you want to minimize studying time, repetition is important. If you repeat, you tell your brain this is important, remember this.

Optimizing Repetition
Repetition should be made at certain intervals of time. Of course it's best if you experiment and find your own optimal intervals but a general guideline is as follows: After one hour of study wait ten minutes. During these ten minutes your brain will organize the new information. Then you should briefly repeat the information during about five minutes. The next repetition should be after about an hour, also about five minutes long. Then repeat again after one day, as much as you feel needed. Try again after a week and then after a month. Hopefully the information is in your long-term memory by then.

Note that these are only general guidelines which may very well vary due to the nature of the material you study, your studying technique, etc. Experiment!

Aiding Software
There already exist several software programs that optimise the repetition cycle.

SuperMemo(proprietary) uses a repetition algorithm, which is based on neural research. Free programs with a similar algorithm include such programs as Anki or Mnemosyne.

The best combination between using a structured approach and optimal repetition intervals  is realised with RecallPlus(proprietary). RecallPlus uses concept maps for structuring the learing material and then uses repetition cycles, associated with the links between topics.

title: Intelligence Intensification/Repetition


text:
Maciąg

Maciąg is a Polish-language surname derived from an augmentative of a given name and which literally means "big Maciej". Notable people with this surname include:

title: Maciąg


text:
Ella Hudson Gasking

Ella Hudson Gasking, née Batchelor (4 April 1891  – 17 December 1966), was a prominent British businesswoman in the food manufacturing sector as chairman and managing director of Batchelors, and was one of Sheffield's best-known industrialists in the 20th century. She was known in business as Mrs E. H. Gasking.

Early life
Ella Hudson Batchelor was born in Sheffield in 1891 and was educated at the Central Secondary School in the city. She was the second daughter in the family of at least four sons and two daughters of William and Annie Batchelor. Her father was a tea packer and produce merchant in Sheffield and found a way to preserve vegetables, especially peas, by canning. He opened a factory and the firm, Batchelor's Peas Ltd, had grown to employ 50 people when he died at the age of 53 in 1913. His wife was an invalid and his sons soon left to fight in the First World War, and so it was left to his daughter, who had joined the business aged 18, to take over as managing director of the company.

Career
Although she did a course of teacher training, Ella had had no formal business education. She later said that 'I myself never even dreamed of being a business woman ... I took over because I had to'. Under her leadership the factory expanded and Batchelors became a household name. A 1937 article noted that '... her leadership and business acumen have developed what was originally a small family business into a great undertaking with a turnover of a million a year ... Mrs Gasking believes that knowing whom to trust is half the battle in business. She sums people up astutely, and can tell at once whether or not they are worthy of confidence. Also, she has charm - the power of winning other people.' Her younger brothers Maurice and Frederick joined the Batchelors firm after the First World War.

While peas remained the main product, production expanded to soups, other vegetables and fruit. Ella Gasking opened a new pea canning factory at Wadsley Bridge, Sheffield, in 1937. It was then the largest canning plant in Britain, covering 12 acres. It cost the then enormous sum of £100,000 and was built and fitted with the latest technology – including electric appliances – and facilities and services for workers (who were predominantly female), including keep-fit classes, tennis courts, hockey pitches and showers. She also visited the United States to investigate the latest canning methods and attended the American Canners' Convention in Chicago.

She was a member of the Women's Engineering Society and 1938 shared an article about the new factory, which produced 1.5 million tins of peas a week.

Batchelors was taken over by Unilever in 1943, but Ella Gasking continued to work in the business until she retired as chairman and joint managing director in 1948. In that year she was appointed OBE in the Birthday Honours in recognition of her contribution to the grocery industry and to the war effort, as the firm had been a leading supplier of canned goods to the British armed forces.

She was appointed a member of the British Transport Commission Hotels Executive in May 1948, and was a part-time member of the Docks and Inland Waterways Executive in 1949.

Personal life and interests
Ella Batchelor married Cyril Trist Gasking, then a medical student serving in the army, on 11 February 1915 in her hometown.

Ella had a number of different interests outside her family business, including golf, gardening, travelling, holidaying in the South of France and South America. She was interested in breeding pedigree cattle, owning a 600-acre farm in Lincolnshire. She owned racehorses and her racing colours were yellow with green dots, suitably representing peas. She was President of the Isle of Wight branch of the Electrical Association for Women.

Ella Hudson Gasking died at Newport on the Isle of Wight in 1966.

title: Ella Hudson Gasking


text:
Buddhism/Schools/Mahāyāna

Mahayana

 * Madhyamaka
 * Prāsangaka
 * Yogācāra
 * Tathagatagarbha
 * Wei-Shi (Consciousness-only school) or Faxiang (Dharma-character school)
 * Beopsang
 * Hossō
 * Sanlun (Three Treatise school)
 * Sanron
 * Daśabhūmikā (absorbed in to Huayan)
 * Huayan (Avataṃsaka)
 * Hwaeom
 * Kegon
 * Chan / Zen / Seon
 * Caodong
 * Soto
 * Linji
 * Rinzai
 * Ōbaku
 * Fuke
 * Pure Land (Amidism)
 * Jodo
 * Jodo Shin
 * Tiantai (Lotus Sutra School)
 * Cheontae
 * Tendai (also contained Vajrayana elements)
 * Nichiren
 * Nichiren Shū
 * Nichiren Shōshū
 * Nipponzan Myōhōji
 * Soka Gakkai
 * Vijñānavāda

title: Buddhism/Schools/Mahāyāna


text:
Talk:David Scheffel

Fair use rationale for Image:Tru logo.gif
Image:Tru logo.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 02:49, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Reads like an opinion piece
The material under "Sexual abuse and sentence" at best this reads like an opinion piece. Derek Pyne2 (talk) 19:30, 20 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Scheffel


text:
Twilight (Meyer novel)

Twilight (stylized as twilight) is a 2005 young adult vampire-romance novel by author Stephenie Meyer. It is the first book in the Twilight series, and introduces seventeen-year-old Isabella "Bella" Swan, who moves from Phoenix, Arizona, to Forks, Washington. She is endangered after falling in love with Edward Cullen, a 103-year-old vampire frozen in his 17-year-old body. Additional novels in the series are New Moon, Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn.

Twilight received lukewarm reviews. Some praised the novel's tone and its portrayal of common teenage emotions such as alienation and rebellion. Others criticized Meyer's prose and argued the story was lacking in character development. It reached number five on the New York Times bestseller list within a month of its release and eventually reached first place. The novel was named one of Publishers Weekly ' s Best Children's Books of 2005.

The film adaptation, released in 2008, was a commercial success, grossing more than $392 million worldwide and making an additional $157 million in North American DVD sales as of July 2009. The book was the biggest-selling of 2008; in 2009, it was the second-biggest selling, losing only to its sequel New Moon. As of 2008, Twilight had been translated into 37 different languages.

In October 2015, Stephenie Meyer announced a new gender-swapped version of the novel, entitled Life and Death: Twilight Reimagined, with characters Beau and Edythe, in honor of the 10th anniversary of The Twilight Saga. In 2020, Meyer released Midnight Sun, a retelling of the story of Twilight from the perspective of Edward Cullen.

Plot
Bella Swan is a seventeen-year-old introverted girl who moved from Phoenix, Arizona, to Forks, Washington, on the Olympic Peninsula to live with her father, Charlie Swan, the town's police chief. Her mother, Renée Dwyer, is traveling with her new husband, Phil Dwyer, a minor-league baseball player. Bella is admitted to Forks High School, where she easily settles in with a group of friends. A somewhat inexperienced and shy girl, Bella is dismayed by several boys competing for her attention.

On the first day of her school, Bella sits next to Edward in biology class, but he seems to be utterly repulsed by her, much to her bewilderment. He disappears for a few days but when he returns, he is unexpectedly friendly to Bella. Their newfound relationship is interrupted after Bella is nearly struck by a van in the school parking lot. Edward saves Bella, narrowly stopping the van with his bare hands. Bella questions Edward about how he saved her life but he refuses to tell her anything.

During a campout, Bella meets Jacob Black, a local boy from the Quileute tribe. She learns from stories told at a bonfire with his tribe that Edward and his family are "the cold ones" (vampires) who consume only animal blood. Disturbed and riddled by recurring nightmares, Bella researches vampires. She compares the characteristics of the vampires in mythology to the Cullens and becomes convinced that Edward is a vampire. Bella is saved by Edward again in Port Angeles when she is almost attacked by a group of men. Furious, Edward drives Bella away and takes her to a restaurant for dinner and then back home. On the way, she tells him she knows that he is a vampire. Edward confirms her belief and confesses that Bella's blood is more desirable to him than anyone else's and he wanted to kill her on the first day of school. He tried to stay away from Bella to avoid hurting her, but over time, Edward and Bella fell in love.

Their relationship is affected when a nomad vampire coven arrives in Forks. James, a tracker vampire, who is intrigued by Cullen's relationship with a human, wants to hunt Bella for sport. Bella and Edward are forced to separate as Bella escapes with Alice and Jasper (Edward's brother and sister) to hide in a hotel in Phoenix.

James calls Bella and claims to be holding her mother hostage. Bella sneaks out and hurries to save her mother. When she arrives, she finds that the hostage claim was a ruse. James attacks her, but before he can kill her, she is rescued by Edward and the other Cullens who kill James. However, James has already bitten Bella. Edward prevents Bella from becoming a vampire by sucking the venom out of her wound, and she is treated at a hospital, using the story that she fell out of a window as an excuse.

After they return to Forks, Edward takes her to the school prom, as Edward did not want Bella to miss any normal human experience because of him. Bella says that she wants to become like him, a vampire, but Edward reiterates he is against this.

Bella's desire to become a vampire increases throughout the series. Edward continues to refuse to turn her, as he thinks being a vampire is being a monster, and does not want Bella to suffer the same fate.

Main characters

 * Isabella "Bella" Swan - A 17-year-old girl who moves from Phoenix, Arizona, to Forks, Washington, to live with her father. Her mother moves to Florida with her second husband. Bella has a kind and awkward personality that is more mature than most girls her age. She is intelligent and observant, noticing and formulating theories about the Cullens' strange behaviors, physical features, and unusual abilities. Bella acts selfless by prioritizing the safety of her peers over herself. As the novel progresses, Bella unconsciously learns how to make difficult choices and accept their consequences. She enjoys reading traditional books of literature such as Romeo and Juliet and Wuthering Heights.
 * Charlie Swan - Bella Swan's father who lives in Forks, Washington. He works as the head of police for the town. His parenting style can be described as authoritative. Charlie sets rules and expectations for Bella, but he allows some flexibility.
 * Edward Cullen - A 103-year-old vampire who was transformed by Carlisle Cullen when he was near death with Spanish flu in 1918. He has a supernatural gift for reading people's minds. However, he cannot read Bella's thoughts. Since Edward's transformation into a vampire, he had never fallen in love nor believed that he needed to. He later realizes that his existence was completely pointless and without an aim. However, the day he meets Bella, his life changes. In Bella, he finds compassion, love, acceptance, and care. In Twilight, Edward has a pessimistic personality influenced by Meyer's naturally pessimistic character. Additionally, Edward acts very protective of Bella because he believes she is "a magnet for trouble". His character was also influenced by Mr. Rochester from Jane Eyre.
 * Alice Cullen - A member of the Cullen vampire clan who remembers little about her human existence. Similar to Edward Cullen, Alice has supernatural power; she has the ability to predict the future. Her visions change as the people around her make decisions. Additionally, her insights can be limited when it comes to Bella. Alice claims Bella feels like a sister to her.
 * Esme Cullen - A vampire and the wife of Carlisle Cullen who acts as a mother figure to Alice, Emmett, Rosalie, Jasper, and Edward. She has a caring and warm personality.
 * Jasper Cullen - The youngest of the Cullen vampire clan who has the ability to feel and control the emotions of those around him. Throughout the book, Jasper uses this gift to help Bella remain calm.
 * Mike Newton - He is one of Bella's first friends in Forks. A few chapters into the book, he reveals he has a crush on Bella. After Bella lets him down, he asks Jessica to attend the dance with him. He acts jealous when Bella begins dating Edward.
 * Jessica Stanley - A girl who is friends with Mike and Angela. She becomes one of Bella's new friends. Jessica can be described as loquacious. When Bella shows interest in the Cullens, Jessica becomes jealous and passive-aggressive.

 * James - A vampire with an unusual ability to track people. When the Cullens try to protect Bella, James figures she will be the biggest hunt of his life.
 * Jacob Black - A non-vampire, Quileute who lives on the La Push reservation near Forks. Upon first meeting, Bella is charmed and impressed by Jacob in many ways. Jacob learns that he is similar to Bella in many ways. Her father Charlie sees that Jacob is safe boyfriend material, the kind of guy he would approve of her dating.
 * Carlisle Cullen - A handsome, conscientious doctor. As the patriarch of the Cullen clan, Carlisle started the practice of a 'vegetarian' (no human) diet. As a human in the 17th century, Carlisle was the son of an anti-'evil-being' pastor.

Development
Meyer claims that the idea for Twilight came to her in a dream on June 2, 2003. She dreamed of a human girl and a vampire who loved her but still wanted her blood. Inspired by her dream, Meyer wrote the draft of what is now Chapter 13 of the book. The first drafts were titled Forks instead of Twilight; the publisher requested the title change. At first, Meyer didn't name her two main characters. She chose Edward, influenced by Edward Rochester from Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre and Edward Ferrars from Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility. She named the female lead Isabella, thinking she would have chosen that for a daughter. Rosalie and Jasper were originally named Carol and Ronald.

Meyer continued writing to the end chronologically, not worrying about the backstory. She lettered the chapters instead of numbering them, Chapter 13 being E. The last chapter of the first draft kept getting longer and longer, so she wrote epilogue after epilogue. However, she realized that she wanted to explore many of the events in the backstory and the reasons behind the events in the chapters, so she planned to write a 5-6 chapter backstory. Instead, these turned into 24 chapters by the time she was finished. In a matter of three months she had completed a novel. She has said she was writing for her own enjoyment, never thinking of publishing the work. She finished the manuscript on August 29, 2003.

Her sister liked the book and encouraged Meyer to send the manuscript to literary agencies. Of the 15 letters she wrote, five went unanswered, nine brought rejections, and the last was a positive response from Jodi Reamer of Writers House. Meyer had merely sent out letters to literary agents inquiring if they would be interested in a 130,000-word manuscript about teenage vampires. Luck helped. An inexperienced assistant at Writers House responded to her inquiry, not knowing that young adult books are expected to be about 40,000 to 60,000 words in length. Due to that error, Reamer eventually read Meyer's manuscript and signed her up as a client. During the editing process, a chapter that used to be Chapter 20 was cut out of the manuscript along with Emmett's account of his bear attack and some parts of the epilogue.

Cover
Stephenie Meyer has said the apple on the cover represents the forbidden fruit from the Book of Genesis and Bella and Edward's forbidden love. She uses a quote from Genesis 2:17 at the beginning of the book. It also represents Bella's knowledge of good and evil and the choices she makes. Meyer says, "It asks if you are going to bite in and discover the frightening possibilities around you or refuse and stay safe in the comfortable world you know." An alternative cover features Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson, the actors who play the lead characters in the film adaptation.

Awards and honors

 * Among Publishers Weekly ' s "Best Children's Books of 2005"
 * Among School Library Journal ' s "Best Books of 2005"

Publication
Meyer's inquiry letter was initially rejected by 14 agents. Eight publishers competed for the rights to publish Twilight in the 2003 auction. Little, Brown and Company originally bid for $300,000, but Meyer's agent asked for $1 million; the publishers finally settled on $750,000 for three books. Twilight was published in 2005 with a print run of 75,000 copies. It debuted at #5 on the New York Times Best Seller list within a month of its release, and later peaked at #1. Foreign rights to the novel were sold to over 26 countries.

In October 2008, Twilight was ranked #26 in USA Today ' s list of "Bestselling Books of Last 15 Years". Later, the book went on to become the best-selling book of 2008. and the second biggest selling of 2009, only behind its sequel New Moon.

For the tenth anniversary of the book's release, Meyer released Life and Death: Twilight Reimagined, alongside the original Twilight. Life and Death is a reimagining of the story with Beau (a male human) and Edythe (a female vampire) as the leads.

On August 4, 2020, Meyer released the Twilight companion piece Midnight Sun. Midnight Sun is the story of Twilight as told from Edward Cullen's perspective.

Critical reception
Publishers Weekly calling Meyer one of the most "promising new authors of 2005". The Times praised the book for capturing "perfectly the teenage feeling of sexual tension and alienation". Hillias J. Martin of School Library Journal addresses the appeal of the novel to be due to its clear and understandable nature, allowing readers to become fully engaged Norah Piehl of TeenReads also wrote, "Twilight is a gripping blend of romance and horror". Publishers Weekly ' s starred review described Bella's "infatuation with outsider Edward", their risky relationship, and "Edward's inner struggle" as a metaphor for sexual frustration accompanying adolescence. Booklist wrote, "There are some flaws here–a plot that could have been tightened, an over reliance on adjectives and adverbs to bolster dialogue–but this dark romance seeps into the soul." Christopher Middleton of The Daily Telegraph called the book a "high school drama with a bloody twist ... no secret, of course, at whom this book is aimed, and no doubt, either, that it has hit its mark". Jennifer Hawes of The Post and Courier said, "Twilight, the first book in Stephenie Meyer's series, gripped me so fiercely that I called the nearest teenager I know and begged for her copy after I misplaced my own." Roberta Goli of Suite101.com gave the novel a positive review, saying that while "the first half of the novel lacks action", the writing is "fluid" and the story "interesting". She also praised the depth of emotion shown between the main characters for pinpointing "the angst of teenage love." Jana Reiss noted the presence of Mormon themes in the Twilight series, seeing Edward Cullen's struggle against carnal desires as an example of Mormonism's "natural man."

Kirkus gave a more mixed review, noting that, "[Twilight] is far from perfect: Edward's portrayal as monstrous tragic hero is overly Byronic, and Bella's appeal is based on magic rather than character. Nonetheless, the portrayal of dangerous lovers hits the spot; fans of dark romance will find it hard to resist." The New York Times review stated, "The premise of Twilight is attractive and compelling — who hasn't fantasized about unearthly love with a beautiful stranger? — but the book suffers at times from overearnest, amateurish writing. A little more "showing" and a lot less "telling" might have been a good thing, especially some pruning to eliminate the constant references to Edward's shattering beauty and Bella's undying love." Although the Daily Telegraph later listed Twilight at number 32 on its list of "100 books that defined the noughties", it said that the novel was "Astonishing, mainly for the ineptitude of [Meyer's] prose". Elizabeth Hand said in a review for the Washington Post, "Meyer's prose seldom rises above the serviceable, and the plotting is leaden". In addition, the book is voted as the worst book of all time on the website Goodreads.

Book challenges
Twilight was on the American Library Association Top Ten List of the Most Frequently Challenged Books of 2010, for containing a "religious viewpoint" and "violence". The Twilight series was on the same list in 2009 for being "sexually explicit", "unsuited to age group", and having a "religious viewpoint". The Marshall University Libraries pinpoint specific reasons several schools have removed the novel from libraries, citing the hyper-sexual nature of the novel, as well as religious objections to the plot.

Sequels
The second book, New Moon, was originally published in the US on August 21, 2006. Eclipse was published on August 7, 2007. The fourth and final novel, Breaking Dawn, is the longest book in the original tetralogy at 756 pages in the US hardcover version, and 700 pages in the US paperback release. It was published worldwide on August 2, 2008, and sold over 1.3 million copies in the first 24 hours of its release in the US.

Furthermore, on June 5, 2010, Meyer published ''The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner. ''This book dives into Bree Tanner's experience as a new vampire. Then, on October 6, 2015, she released Life and Death, a retelling of Twilight with reversed gender roles''.  Most recently, Meyer released Midnight Sun on August 4, 2020, which retells Twilight'' from Edward Cullen's point of view.

Manga version
A manga-style Japanese language version of the Twilight saga was released in 13 installments. The books, which were primarily text, featured illustrated pages of art sprinkled throughout the book.

Film version
Twilight was adapted as a film by Summit Entertainment. The film was directed by Catherine Hardwicke and stars Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson as protagonists Bella and Edward. The screenplay was adapted by Melissa Rosenberg. The movie was released in theaters in the United States on November 21, 2008, and on DVD on March 21, 2009. The DVD was released in Australia on April 22, 2009.

Graphic novel version
On July 15, 2009, Entertainment Weekly confirmed rumors that a graphic novel adaptation of Twilight was in development. The book was drawn by Korean artist Young Kim and published by Yen Press. Stephenie Meyer reviewed every panel herself. According to EW, "it doesn't look simply like an artist's rendering of Kristen Stewart and Rob Pattinson. In fact, the characters seem to be an amalgam of Meyer's literary imagination and the actors' actual looks." EW magazine published finished illustrations of Edward, Bella, and Jacob in their July 17, 2009 issue. The first part of the graphic novel was released on March 16, 2010.

title: Twilight (Meyer novel)


text:
Talk:Motion in one dimension

Graeivo 20:55, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

deleted
Displacement can be found with the formula: x = 1 + t + t²/2 - (t)4/4 (where t = time)

Velocity can be found with the formula: v = 1 + t - t³ (where t = time)

Acceleration can be found with the formula: a = 1 – 3t (where t = time)

Untrue... --Jorge 17:05, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Motion in one dimension


text:
Talk:David Feherty

CBS Reporter
Someone may want to add something about his reporting for CBS. Also, his recent situation of passing gas during Tiger Woods's shot on the air. See here

External links modified
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:39, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Feherty


text:
User:Curryc30/sandbox

Carotid ultrasonography is an ultrasound-based diagnostic imaging technique to evaluate structural details of the carotid arteries. Carotid ultrasound is used to diagnose carotid artery stenosis (CAS) and can assess atherosclerotic plaque morphology and characteristics. Carotid duplex and contrast-enhanced ultrasound are two of the most common imaging techniques used to evaluate carotid artery disease.

Medical Uses
Carotid ultrasound is a low-cost, noninvasive, and accurate diagnostic imaging modality used to evaluate diseases of the carotid arteries. It is most often used to diagnose carotid artery stenosis, a form of atherosclerosis, and has the capability to assess plaque morphology and characteristics. Carotid artery stenosis is a major risk factor for stroke, and risk assessment of atherosclerotic carotid plaques is a critical component of stroke prevention. Advances in imaging have allowed for risk stratification including degree of stenosis and how vulnerable the atherosclerotic plaque is to rupture. Other plaque features that contribute to stroke risk and can be evaluated by imaging are: intraplaque hemorrhage, plaque ulceration and neovascularization, fibrous cap thickness, and presence of a lipid-rich necrotic core (LNRC). Carotid ultrasound is the preferred initial diagnostic test to evaluate carotid artery stenosis, and can also be used to monitor response to lipid-lowering therapy.

Alternative imaging modalities
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and CT angiography (CTA) are confirmatory imaging techniques typically employed after ultrasound and prior to therapeutic intervention. DSA is the gold standard for evaluating CAS, and MRI is the gold standard for carotid plaque imaging.

Duplex ultrasound
Duplex ultrasound (duplex) combines standard B-mode ultrasound and Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate both structural details of the carotid arteries and blood flow through the arteries. During carotid duplex evaluation, the 2D B-mode structural image is superimposed with the doppler flow data, which provides a more realistic anatomical assessment.

B-mode ultrasound is able to assess the structure of the carotid arteries and can identify areas of stenosis. B-mode is used identify stenotic lesions and to assess the echogenicity of plaques -- strong correlation has been established between sonographic and histopathologic features of plaques. Plaque echolucency can signal an at-risk plaque, as it is the sonographic equivalent of a LNRC.

Doppler ultrasound allows for assessment of carotid arterial blood flow. Blood flow velocity is increased in areas of stenosis compared to normal. Therefore doppler imaging substantially aids in the diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis by ultrasound.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is valuable because the contrast does not diffuse into surrounding tissues, and therefore all signals are intravascular. CEUS is used to assess plaque neovascularization and ulceration. Plaque enhancement on ultrasound has been proven to correlate with neovascularization, inflammation, and inflammation, and these features are associated with symptomatic carotid plaques. Intravenous contrast is able to improve the performance of carotid ultrasound in diagnosing carotid artery stenosis. Contraindications to the ultrasound contrast include allergy, heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, endocarditis, ventricular arrhythmia, and unstable respiration.

Limitations
While ultrasound is able to assess plaque morphology, it is limited in both specificity and sensitivity in assessing lipid-rich necrotic core, plaque hemorrhage, and ulceration when compared to the gold standard. When diagnosing carotid artery stenosis, carotid ultrasound has a lower sensitivity than MRA but is more sensitive than CTA. However, both CTA and MRA are have a higher specificity.

A major limitation of carotid ultrasound is a high degree of inter-/intraobserver variability; however, computerized algorithms used for evaluation of the intima-media thickness (IMT), a measure of plaque morphology, have helped minimize the degree of variability. Carotid ultrasound is dependent on operator skill, and other noted areas of limitation are poor insonation angle, poor blood flow, and deep artery location. CEUS is prone to overinterpretation of vessel wall abnormalities, known as pseudoenhancement.

title: User:Curryc30/sandbox


text:
Wikipedia:GLAM/GibraltarpediA/Participate

How to be involved
To arrange a session to learn how to edit Wikipedia and upload images contact<EMAIL_ADDRESS>John is in Gibraltar from the 16th of September a scanner is available for scanning photographs and documents.

Get involved - BE BOLD.
We are running a Multilingual Challenge, a competition to reward contributors. For a free Wikipedia editing lesson email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Learn how to use Wikipedia

 * Learn online, also we will be running regular How to edit Wikipedia sessions in the near future in Gibraltar with the help of very experienced Wikipedians. You can also contact<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(Gibmetal77<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(Victuallers) or<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(Mrjohncummings)
 * Sign up to the adopt a user program

Articles

 * Create new articles
 * Improve existing articles
 * Suggest new articles.
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Photos

 * take photos or donate existing images (please add them to the category GibraltarpediA)
 * Upload them to Wikimedia Commons. (how to)

Languages

 * Translate: if you speak another language fluently then please translate so more people can read the articles.
 * We would REALLY like this page in other languages, particularly Spanish and Arabic.

Teaching

 * Experienced Wikipedians can help new users online or help at one of our drop in sessions
 * If you work in a school please get in contact, we'd love to work with you<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Spread the word

 * Tell people you think might be interested, the more contributors and users the better.
 * Message<EMAIL_ADDRESS>for posters and leaflets

Shops

 * We are giving away free glass stickers with QRpedia codes to give information on the history of your profession and goods sold.

Adopt a User
The Adopt-a-user program is a program designed to help new and inexperienced users. Experienced Wikipedians (or adopters in this instance) can adopt newer users, mentoring them along the way as they learn about Wikipedia and its various aspects. It is hoped that this program will be able to inform new users about the ins and outs of Wikipedia and steer them away from making less-than-constructive edits or misplaced test edits. There are currently over 900 users involved in the program, and, like other Wikipedia areas, it continues to expand.


text:
Grand Opera House (Macon, Georgia)

The Grand Opera House, often called The Grand and originally known as the Academy of Music, is a historic opera house located in Macon, Georgia, United States. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, it is now the performing arts center of Mercer University.

History
The Academy of Music was constructed in 1884 with the largest stage in the southeastern United States and seating for 2,418, almost one-fifth of Macon's population at the time. The building was renovated in 1905; the present seven-story facade was added and the building reopened as the Grand Opera House.

The Grand has had numerous historic uses; live horses and chariots appeared in a 1908 production of Ben-Hur and during World War I, actor Charlie Chaplin led the John Philip Sousa band for a fundraising effort. The theater has also hosted, among others, Sarah Bernhardt, Will Rogers, George Burns and Gracie Allen, Lionel Barrymore, Ethel Barrymore, Bob Hope, the Allman Brothers Band, and Ray Charles. The Allman Brothers Band, Wet Willie and The Marshall Tucker Band appeared at The Grand on an October 1973 episode of Don Kirshner's Rock Concert entitled "Saturday Night In Macon."

Magician Harry Houdini was also a featured player at the Grand, leaving a well-known legacy: the stage sports a number of trap doors, one of which remains operational and is used occasionally today in performances such as annual production of The Nutcracker ballet. Local lore claims that the trap doors were installed specifically for Houdini.

In 1936, as the popularity of vaudeville waned, the Grand changed to a movie theater, hosting Macon's only Hollywood premiere, 1945's God is My Co-Pilot.

Revival
By the 1960s, the Grand had ceased showing movies and plans were made to replace it with a parking lot. Those plans were blocked in 1967 by the Macon Arts Council, a group formed to save and restore the Grand; the group held a fundraising gala featuring the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and had the property placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. Among the founders of the group was Macon architect Ellamae Ellis League who also supervised a restoration of The Grand so it could reopen as a live theater in 1969. (The second balcony, or peanut gallery, remained closed to the public and was dedicated to lighting equipment at this time, reducing the maximum seating to its current number of 1,030). Fund-raising efforts continued through the next several decades, with ongoing physical plant upgrades, with another renovation taking place in 1985.

In 1995, Mercer University signed a lease with Bibb County to manage the Grand. Subsequently, Mercer has invested in upgrading the facility to modern standards as well as making it a fixture for community events. Today, the Grand hosts many Broadway touring companies, concerts (such as those of the Macon Symphony Orchestra), community theatre productions (including the aforementioned Nutcracker holiday show), and other performances and events.

title: Grand Opera House (Macon, Georgia)


text:
USA-47

USA-47, also known as GPS II-4 and GPS SVN-19, was an American navigation satellite which formed part of the Global Positioning System. It was the fourth of nine Block II GPS satellites to be launched, which were the first operational GPS satellites to fly.

Background
It was part of the 21-satellite Global Positioning System (GPS) Block II series that provides precise position data (accurate to within 16 m) to military and civilian users worldwide. Its signals could be received on devices as small as a telephone. The GPS II satellites, built by Rockwell International for the Air Force Space Systems Division, each have a 7.5-year design life. The Air Force intends to launch a GPS II every 2 to 3 months until the constellation of 21 operational satellite and 3 spares is aloft. The GPS Block II join 7 operational Block 1 satellites.

Launch
USA-47 was launched at 09:31:01 UTC on 21 October 1989, atop a Delta II launch vehicle, flight number D188, flying in the 6925 configuration. The launch took place from Launch Complex 17A (LC-17A) at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), and placed USA-47 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37XFP apogee motor.

Mission
On 21 November 1989, USA-47 was in an orbit with a perigee of 20081 km, an apogee of 20280 km, a period of 717.9 minutes, and 54.7° of inclination to the equator. It operated in slot 5 of plane A of the GPS constellation. The satellite had a mass of 840 kg, and generated 710 watts of power. It had a design life of 7.5 years, and ceased operations on 16 March 2001.

title: USA-47


text:
Camaret-sur-Aigues

Camaret-sur-Aigues (, literally Camaret on Aigues; Camaret) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

Twin towns
Camaret-sur-Aigues is twinned with Travacò Siccomario, Italy.

title: Camaret-sur-Aigues


text:
Talk:Naviglio Grande

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Naviglio Grande


text:
Talk:Ziyaret

= Comments =

Start
I've started the article; it is going to take the work of a lot of people to finish it. This is the sort of thing at which WP excels, so I have high hopes. Please post PD or CC pictures of various shrines, the more the better. Zora 12:52, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Valley of the Saints, Khuldabad India
Hi: Can anyone provide more information about the so-called Valley of the Saints near Khuldabad and Ellora (near Aurangabad, India)? The locals say 1500 or more Sufi saints are buried there. The dargahs I have visited there include Kattar Husseini and Zar Zari Zarbash. They are I believe Sufis of the Chisti order, but I don't have good information on this. In this same area is a hill cave, supposedly the place where Shirdi Sai Baba achieved enlightenment. --Nemonoman 06:26, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * We're still just getting this article off the ground. I don't know ANYTHING much -- Deeptrivia may be able to give you some info. Zora 06:50, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Anyway, it's very pleasant article. Thanks to all --Nemonoman 07:33, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I didn't know much about it either, except that Aurangabad has Aurangzeb's tomb, which was built using the few rupees he earned by stitching cloth caps. I've found out more though, and created a stub. So check it out! Cheers :) deeptrivia (talk) 04:12, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

accuracy
This article has a lot of inaccuracies:

 * 1) As I wrote earlier on the Ziyarat talk page, the word "Ziyaret" as a place of pilgrimage, is not widely used. Grammatically the word isnt even correct. (which usually implies a local usage of the word)
 * 2) Ziyaret is not a Persian word. Ziyarat is.
 * 3) Dargah however is a Persian word.
 * 4) Im not sure where this thing about lesser and greater pilgrimages is coming from. I have never heard of it. I suggest you consult other Persian WP editors for confirmation. There is only one word in Persian: Ziyarat. It is both used for Mecca and Imamzadeh pilgrimages. No difference.--Zereshk 03:50, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I'd want someone to confirm that the same word is used for these pilgrimages OUTSIDE Iran. I have the strong impression that non-Iranian Muslims make a distinction between the Hajj and the "lesser" pilgrimages, of which it takes seven to equal a Hajj.

 * As I understand it, there has been a long history of animosity between the Shi'a and the Sunnis who have ruled the Hijaz, and that for long periods of time the Shi'a were not allowed to perform the Hajj. This meant that pilgramages inside Iran, to places that were safe for Shi'a, were encouraged. Zora 03:58, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

It seems my call for checking of inaccuracy is getting nowhere. I dont really care, and we can let the page be inaccurate, but at least we should omit the Iranian list of places because they are not called "Ziyaret", single or plural. Nobody knows them by this name. They are called "Ziyarat gah", "Haram", or "Imamzadeh". Same for Arabic countries. I doubt if you can find a "Ziyaret" in an Arab country. Certainly not Iran.--Zereshk 23:44, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

 * We're dealing with a concept that has no name in English and various names in various Muslim-majority countries. What we can do is have a table off to one side with a list of names for sites of pilgrimage, by country, for every country that appears on the list of sites. We're also going to merge this article with Ziarat, so Ziyaret will disappear, except as a redirect. Zora 01:45, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

Singular or Plural?
While writing lead text for Category:Ziyaret, I was wondering whether the word Ziyaret is singular or plural. If it's singular, what's the plural? Thanks! deeptrivia (talk) 04:17, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The plural in Urdu would be Ziaratein, in Persian perhaps Ziayaraat. peacedove 12:57, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Both can be used. Ive heard of both. But if using for a place-name, "amaakin muqqadaseh" can also be used. Lately, Iranian media have been using the Arabic word "Atabaat mutibarrikah" to refer to places of Ziyarat.

 * Remember, all these words (except for Dargah and Imamzadeh) are Arabic in origin.--Zereshk 21:38, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

I just took the easy way out and used "ziyarets" as plural of ziyaret. We add English suffixes to Hindi/Sanskrit nouns in a similar way all the time when we use them in English. If someone has a better idea, please make the change. Thanks! deeptrivia (talk) 21:46, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

 * hi, "ziyaret" means "visit", and its plural form is "ziyaretler". the word is extensively used in the meaning visit, (noun) (The act of going to see some person or place or thing) but it may also mean a tomb of a holy person in islam. sometimes the tombs of "ermişler" or "erenler" (plurals of "ermiş and "eren", holy person in islam, like a saint in cristianity) are called as ziyaret. however the usage is not common, many people simply dont know this word means also that. the tombs i mentioned are usually called "türbe" (plural form is "türbeler".) (by the way, in the official dictionary of turkish language association (TDK), no data exists for the usage of the word ziyaret as türbe. only türbe exists.) but i should note that in some places like malatya people always use ziyaret, never türbe. in fact, türbe is common just among "alevi" people i think, but im not sure. just for knowledge, use it as you please. byes.. tembelejderha 22:39, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ziyaret


text:
Talk:Nick Stahl

Fair use rationale for Image:Nick stahl public domain jpg.jpg
Image:Nick stahl public domain jpg.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 16:31, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Dylan's Wake
I does seem Stahl will costar in the movie.In the News: Rose McGowan to film in Iowa A new editor tried to add it but it was below the reflist and I killed it. - - sinneed (talk) 05:30, 11 September 2009 (UTC)

Personal life - Brother.
Under "Personal Life" it states: "He also has a younger brother named Andrew who now lives in Canberra, Australia." with a link to: http://www.hollywood.com/celebrities/nick-stahl-57261965

The link, however, only mentions that he has two sisters, Bonny & Emily, no mention of a brother. Swampy 2001:8003:20F7:2E00:9DEA:9364:45D6:654C (talk) 04:40, 11 February 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nick Stahl


text:
抗議

Verb

 * 1) to protest

Noun

 * 1) protest

Noun

 * 1) protest, objection

Verb

 * 1) protest, object

title: 抗議


text:
Ann (1805 ship)

Ann was launched in America in 1800, possibly under another name. She transferred to the United Kingdom in 1805. Between 1810 and 1813 she became a temporary packet operating out of Falmouth, Cornwall for the Post Office Packet Service. American privateers twice captured her in 1813 in single ship actions.

Career
Ann first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1805.

Packet The Post Office in 1810 took on Ann as a temporary packet. Her first captain was John Britton, whose appointment date was 6 August 1810.

On 12 January 1811 Ann came into Plymouth. She had been returning from Cadiz when she had had to repel an attack by a French privateer.

Ann, Britton, master, sailed from Falmouth on 9 March and arrived in Bermuda on 16 April. She sailed form Bermuda on 21 April and arrived in New York on 29 April

While Ann was in New York and observed vessels coming from Ireland, Liverpool, and Bristol with passengers, mostly "emigrant mechanics". These men could, 24 hours after arriving, acquire certificates of American citizenship. However, many found it difficult to find work. Many then joined the US Navy. Britton visited the USS President (1800) were he identified several who were British, including some who were Cornishmen that had not rejoined their packets in time. Although he believed that they would be glad to desert and come to Ann, he did not take them as he was afraid that the Americans would accuse him of "harbouring their seamen." Two Englishmen did jump from President to swim to Ann; one was believed to have drowned and the other succeeded in reaching her. Ann took him aboard and back to England. The seaman testified on his return that he had been a quarter-gunner aboard President for the Little Belt affair. Man further testified that out of President's crew of some 500 men, some 300 were English, Scots, or Irish, and that President had fired the first shot in the affair. The man was impressed into HMS Experiment (1784), then serving as a guardship at Falmouth.

On 8 June Ann sailed from New York and on the 17th she arrived at Halifax, Nova Scotia. She left Halifax on 30 June and arrived back at Falmouth on 21 July.

Fate
Ann, Captain Peter Hill (acting), sailed from Falmouth on 12 April 1813, bound for the Leeward Islands and Jamaica. The American privateer Yorktown, of 380 tons (bm), 16 guns, and 180 men, captured Ann off the Western Isles on 21 April after an action of two hours. In the engagement Ann had one man killed and three wounded. The Americans kept Captain Hill, the surgeon, and the steward, and put the rest of the crew aboard a "licensed" American vessel, bound for Lisbon. There the packet Duke of Marlborough took them on and brought them back to Falmouth.

On 16 May HMS Hogue (1811) recaptured Ann near Sandy Hook and sent her to Halifax, Nova Scotia. However, on 23 May 1813 the American privateer Young Teazer again captured Ann. She had a prize crew of a midshipman and some 15 sailors aboard who resisted until they had suffered two men lightly wounded and had their rigging and sails shot up. The action and chase had lasted from 8am to 7pm. Young Teazer sent Ann into Young Teazer's home port of Portland, Maine.

Niles' Weekly Register reported on 5 June 1813, that Young Teazer had sent the "packet Ann, of 10 guns", a valuable prize, into Portland.

title: Ann (1805 ship)


text:
Internet audio

Learning resources

 * Shakespeare's Sonnet 154

Of particular interest for this learning resource: "TOPIC: IoT Standards and Interoperability. IoT should be made to be easy to use, help reduce energy use, and aim for “universal interoperability”. Accomplishing this requires infrastructure in network architecture, and in technology standards of diverse types. SPEAKER:Bruce Nordman – Research Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, LBNL." INET- Internet of Things Conference

Design considerations
As the Internet of Things evolves, internet audio will become much more integrated into the total experience of internet users. The network layers for data and streaming content are still being worked out by standards organizations and manufacturers. Many devices already include built-in audio capabilities, but much work is a head for making the operable and interoperable. The voice user interface will emerge at some point to either replace or augment the Graphical User Interface.

title: Internet audio


text:
User:Gentgeen

John's a major contributer to the Cookbook, but don't be suprised to see him at the Chemistry or Biology shelves, either.

I've got an open feature request to include Cookbook namespace modules in the count of total modules in the project. If you'd like to support it, please go and vote for it.

He also messes around at Wikipedia as w:User:Gentgeen (where he's also an admin), and just started using Wikimedia Commons as commons:User:Gentgeen

 * My style sheet and JavaScript
 * My personal sandbox
 * Some images that I like

title: User:Gentgeen


text:
Louis van Assenburgh

Louis van Assenburgh (also Assenborch, Assenburg), (c. 1657 – 27 December 1711), Governor of the Cape Colony between 1708 and 1711.

Early life
Van Assenburgh was the son of Pieter van Assenburgh and his wife, Susanna Houwens and was baptized on 23 December 1657 in the Westerkerk, Amsterdam. Before he joined the VOC, Van Assenburgh served under the 'Kaiser of the Donou'.

Career
Van Assenbugh was appointed as successor to Governor W. A. van der Stel and he left the Netherlands on 19 May 1707. As the ship sailed via Brazil, he only reached the Cape only 25 January 1708 and on 1 February he was introduced to the inhabitants of Cape by the secunde and acting governor, Johan Cornelis d'Ableing.

At the beginning of his term as governor, Van Assenburgh had the difficult task at appease the anger of the dissatisfied burghers caused by the revolt and dismissal of W. A. van der Stel and he had to ensure that the people adhere to the commands of the Lords XVII (Heren XVII). Among other things, he dealt with disputes between burghers and officials, stopped smuggling, introduced new licensing conditions for auctions and made improvements in the care of the sick. The people of the Cape were generally satisfied with his actions.

However, the former governor-general, Joan van Hoorn, who visited the Cape in 1710, criticized Van Assenburgh's rule in a letter addressed to his father-in-law, Abraham van Riebeeck. Van Hoorn accused Van Assenburgh, who was unmarried, of consorting with women of ill repute, being fond of frivolous entertainments and that the Cape had a general air of neglect. Although Van Assenburgh was accused of indecisive and improper conduct, it was because of his efforts that the Cape burghers became reconciled once again to the authority of the VOC.

Death
Van Assenburgh was bed-ridden for eight months before his death. He signed his last will and testament exactly a month before he died on 27 December 1711.

title: Louis van Assenburgh


text:
Wikipedia:Good article reassessment/Blues for the Red Sun/1

Blues for the Red Sun

 * • [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Good_article_reassessment/Blues_for_the_Red_Sun/1&action=watch Watch article reassessment page] • Most recent review
 * Result: No consensus for delisting. DragonZero  ( Talk  ·  Contribs ) 03:49, 27 April 2015 (UTC)

Similar issues as Billion Dollar Babies—nothing on the background and recording, lead not summarizing the entire content, audio should feature explanation what it showcases, etc.--Retrohead (talk) 19:27, 8 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
1805 United States gubernatorial elections

United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1805, in 13 states.

Eight governors were elected by popular vote and five were elected by state legislatures.


text:
Talk:Carlos Fuentes Prize

External links modified
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title: Talk:Carlos Fuentes Prize


text:
Electronics/Electromagnetic Waves

< Electronics/Timeline

Originally people thought that radio waves propagate through the ether.

The ether was disproved by showing that it did not flow.

EM waves are photons that travel through free space.

title: Electronics/Electromagnetic Waves


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/urli.tk

Links

 * urli.tk resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is blacklisted by \b\.tk\b on [//it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist it.wikipedia.org]
 * Link is blacklisted by \b\.tk\b on [//it.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist it.wikivoyage.org]
 * Link is revertlisted by \.tk\b on [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:XLinkBot/RevertList en.wikipedia.org]
 * Link is blacklisted by \b\.tk\b on [//it.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist it.wikivoyage.org]
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Additions

 * Displayed all 1 additions.


text:
1884–85 in Scottish football

The 1884–85 season was the 12th season of competitive football in Scotland. This season saw three further additions to the list of regional competitions with the inaugural playing of the Dumbartonshire Cup, the Linlithgowshire Cup and the Perthshire Cup.

title: 1884–85 in Scottish football