text:
Java Programming/Java Overview

The new features and upgrades included into Java changed the face of programming environment and gave a new definition to Object Oriented Programming (OOP in short). But unlike its predecessors, Java needed to be bundled with standard functionality and be independent of the host platform.

The primary goals in the creation of the Java language: The Java language introduces some new features that didn't exist in other languages like C and C++.
 * It is simple.
 * It is object-oriented.
 * It is independent of the host platform.
 * It contains language facilities and libraries for networking.
 * It is designed to execute code from remote sources securely.

Object orientation
Object orientation ("OO") refers to a method of programming and language technique. The main idea of OO is to design software around the "things" (i.e. objects) it manipulates, rather than the actions it performs.

As the hardware of the computer advanced, it brought about the need to create better software techniques to be able to create ever increasing complex applications. The intent is to make large software projects easier to manage, thus improving quality and reducing the number of failed projects. Object oriented solution is the latest software technique.

 * Assembly languages : Software techniques started with the assembly languages, that were close to machine instruction and were easy to convert into executable code. Each hardware had its own assembly language. Assembly language contains low level instructions like move data from memory to hardware registers, do arithmetic operations, and move data back to memory. Programmers had to know the detailed architecture of the computer in order to write programs.

 * Procedural languages : After the assembly languages, high level languages were developed. Here the language compiler is used to convert the high level program to machine instructions, freeing the programmers from the burden of knowing the computer hardware architecture. To promote the re-use of code and to minimize the use of GOTO instructions, "procedural" techniques were introduced. This simplified the creation and maintenance of software control flow, but left out the organization of data. It became a nightmare to debug and maintain programs having many global variables (i.e. variables that contain data that can be modified anywhere in the application).

 * Object oriented languages : In OO languages, data is taken seriously with information hiding. Data that is specific to an object can only be accessed by procedures in that object. As a result, objects contain data as well as control flow and a program becomes a series of interactions between objects.

Platform dependence
In C or C++ programming, you start to write source code:

... you compile it to a machine code file:

... and then you execute it:

In this situation, the machine code file and its execution are specific to the platform (Windows, Linux, macOS, ...) it was compiled for, that is to say to the targeted platform:

... because the compiled file is a machine code file designed to work on a specific platform and hardware. It would have produced different results/output for another platform. So if you want your program to run on several platforms, you have to compile your program several times:

It poses greater vulnerability risks. Note here that when a certain code is compiled into an executable format, the executable cannot be changed dynamically. It would need to be recompiled from the changed code for the changes to be reflected in the finished executable. Modularity (dividing code into modules) is not present in Java's predecessors. If instead of a single executable, the output application was in the form of modules, one could easily change a single module and review changes in the application. In C/C++ on the other hand, a slight change in code required the whole application to be recompiled.

The idea of Java is to compile the source code into an intermediate language that will be interpreted.

The intermediate language is the byte code. The interpreter is the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The byte code file is universal and the JVM is platform specific:

So a JVM should be coded for each platform. And that's the case. So you just have to generate a unique byte code file (a  file).

The first implementations of the language used an interpreted virtual machine to achieve portability, and many implementations still do. These implementations produce programs that run more slowly than the fully-compiled programs created by the typical C++ compiler, so the language suffered a reputation for producing slow programs. Since Java 1.2, Java VM produces programs that run much faster, using multiple techniques.

The first of these is to simply compile directly into native code like a more traditional compiler, skipping bytecode entirely. This achieves great performance, but at the expense of portability. This is not really used any more.

Another technique, the just-in-time (JIT) compiler, compiles the Java bytecode into native code at the time the program is run, and keep the compiled code to be used again and again. More sophisticated VMs even use dynamic recompilation, in which the VM can analyze the behavior of the running program and selectively recompile and optimize critical parts of the program. Both of these techniques allow the program to take advantage of the speed of native code without losing portability.

Portability is a technically difficult goal to achieve, and Java's success at that goal is a matter of some controversy. Although it is indeed possible to write programs for the Java platform that behave consistently across many host platforms, the large number of available platforms with small errors or inconsistencies led some to parody Sun's "Write once, run anywhere" slogan as "Write once, debug everywhere".

Standardization
C++ was built atop the C language and as a result divergent ways of doing the same thing manifested around the language. For instance, creating an object could be done in three different ways in C++. Furthermore, C++ did not come with a standard library bundled with its compilers. Instead, it relied on resources created by other programmers; code which rarely fit together.

In Java, standardized libraries are provided to allow access to features of the host machines (such as graphics and networking) in unified ways. The Java language also includes support for multi-threaded programs—a necessity for many networking applications.

Platform independent Java is, however, very successful with server side applications, such as web services, servlets, or Enterprise JavaBeans.

Java also made progress on the client side: first it had Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT), then Swing, and the most recent client side library is the Standard Widget Toolkit (SWT). It is interesting to see how they tried to handle the two opposing consuming forces. Those are :

 * Efficient, fast code; port to most popular hardware (write once, test anywhere) : Use the underlying native subroutine to create a GUI component. This approach was taken by AWT, and SWT.

 * Portability to any hardware where JVM ported (write once, run anywhere) : To achieve this to the latter, the Java toolkit should not rely on the underlying native user interface. Swing took this approach.

It is interesting to see how the approach was switched back and forth. AWT → Swing → SWT.

Secure execution
With the high-level of control built into the language to manipulate hardware, a C/C++ programmer could access almost any resource, either hardware or software on the system. This was intended to be one of the languages' strong points, but this very flexibility led to confusion and complex programming practices.

Error handling
The old way of error handling was to let each function return an error code then let the caller check what was returned. The problem with this method was that if the return code was full of error-checking codes, this got in the way of the original one that was doing the actual work, which in turn did not make it very readable.

In the new way of error handling, functions/methods do not return error codes. Instead, when there is an error, an exception is thrown. The exceptions can be handled by the keyword at the end of a  block. This way, the code that is calling the function does not need to be mangled with error checking codes, thus making the code more readable. This new way of error handling is called Exception handling.

Exception handling was also added to C++. However, there are two differences between Java and C++ Exception handling:
 * In Java, the exception that is thrown is a Java object like any other object in Java. It only has to implement  interface.
 * In Java, the compiler checks whether an exception may be caught or not. The compiler gives an error if there is no catch block for a thrown exception.

The optional exception handling in the Java predecessors leads the developers not to care about the error handling. As a consequence, unexpected errors often occur. Java forces the developers to handle exceptions. The programmer must handle exception or declare that the user must handle it. Someone must handle it.

Networking capabilities
However powerful, the predecessors of Java lacked a standard feature to network with other computers, and usually relied on the platforms' intricate networking capabilities. With almost all network protocols being standardized, the creators of Java technology wanted this to be a flagship feature of the language while keeping true to the spirit of earlier advances made towards standardizing Remote Procedure Call. Another feature that the Java team focused on was its integration in the World Wide Web and the Internet.

The Java platform was one of the first systems to provide wide support for the execution of code from remote sources. The Java language was designed with network computing in mind.

An applet could run within a user's browser, executing code downloaded from a remote HTTP server. The remote code runs in a highly restricted "sandbox", which protects the user from misbehaving or malicious code; publishers could apply for a certificate that they could use to digitally sign applets as "safe", giving them permission to break out of the sandbox and access the local file system and network, presumably under user control.

Dynamic class loading
In conventional languages like C and C++, all code had to be compiled and linked to one executable program, before execution. In Java, classes are compiled as needed. If a class is not needed during an execution phase, that class is not even compiled into byte code.

This feature comes in handy especially in network programming when we do not know, beforehand, what code will be executed. A running program could load classes from the file system or from a remote server.

Also this feature makes it theoretically possible for a Java program to alter its own code during execution, in order to do some self-learning behavior. It would be more realistic to imagine, however, that a Java program would generate Java code before execution, and then, that code would be executed. With some feedback mechanism, the generated code could improve over time.

Automatic memory garbage collection
In conventional languages like C and C++, the programmer has to make sure that all memory that was allocated is freed. Memory leaks became a regular nuisance in instances where the programmers had to manually allocate the system's memory resources.

Memory resources or buffers have specific modes of operation for optimal performance. Once a buffer is filled with data, it needs to be cleaned up after there is no further use for its content. If a programmer forgets to clean it in their code, the memory is easily overloaded. Programming in C/C++ languages became tedious and unsafe because of these very quirks, and programs built in these languages were prone to memory leakages and sudden system crashes — sometimes even harming the hardware itself. Freeing memory is particularly important in servers, since it has to run without stopping for days. If a piece of memory is not freed after use and the server just keeps allocating memory, that memory leak can take down the server.

In Java, freeing up memory is taken out of the programmers hands; the Java Virtual Machine keeps track of all used memory. When memory is not used any more it is automatically freed up. A separate task is running in the background by the JVM, freeing up unreferenced, unused memory. That task is called Garbage Collection.

The Garbage Collector is always running. This automatic memory garbage collection feature makes it easy to write robust server side programs in Java. The only thing the programmer has to watch for is the speed of object creation. If the application is creating objects faster than the Garbage Collector can free them, it can cause memory problems. Depending on how the JVM is configured, the application either can run out of memory by throwing the, or can halt to give time for the Garbage Collector to do its job.

Applet
The Java creators created the concept of the applet. A Java program can be run in a client browser program. Java was released in 1995; the time when the Internet was becoming more available and familiar to the general public. The promise of Java was in the client browser-side in that code would be downloaded and executed as a Java applet in the client browser program.

 * See also Java Programming/Applets.

Forbidden bad practices
Over the years, some features in C/C++ programming became abused by the programmers. Although the language allows it, it was known as bad practices. So the creators of Java have excluded them from the language:
 * Operator overloading
 * Multiple inheritance
 * Friend classes (access another object's private members)
 * Restrictions of explicit type casting (related to memory management)

Evaluation
In most people's opinions, Java technology delivers reasonably well on all these goals. The language is not, however, without drawbacks. Java tends to be more high-level than similar languages (such as C++), which means that the Java language lacks features such as hardware-specific data types, low-level pointers to arbitrary memory addresses, or programming methods like operator overloading. Although these features are frequently abused or misused by programmers, they are also powerful tools. However, Java technology includes Java Native Interface (JNI), a way to call native code from Java language code. With JNI, it is still possible to use some of these features.

Some programmers also complain about Java's lack of multiple inheritance, a powerful feature of several other object-oriented languages, such as C++. The Java language separates inheritance of type and implementation, allowing inheritance of multiple type definitions through interfaces, but only single inheritance of type implementation via class hierarchies. This allows most of the benefits of multiple inheritance while avoiding many of its dangers. In addition, through the use of concrete classes, abstract classes, as well as interfaces, a Java language programmer has the option of choosing full, partial, or zero implementation for the object type they define, thus ensuring maximum flexibility in application design.

There are some who believe that for certain projects, object orientation makes work harder instead of easier. This particular complaint is not unique to the Java language but applies to other object-oriented languages as well.

Java Programozás/A nyelv jellemzői

title: Java Programming/Java Overview


text:
Talk:Cockpit Theatre

Note
We need a proper chronology of who was doing what and where from about 1656 to about 1700. See this link for a starting point. -- ALoan (Talk) 14:46, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah. A lot of seeming contradiction by various sources. I see the "After functioning briefly as the home of Davenant and Killigrew’s temporarily united company, the old Phoenix, or Cockpit, in Drury Lane disappeared from view" in your link, which does raise the question of the accuracy of my last edit to the article, yes. —Bunchofgrapes (talk) 15:16, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Mmm. My addition was based on Dorset Garden Theatre, but that was based on the link above, I think. -- ALoan (Talk) 15:52, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Broadway boobies!
According to a highly unreliable source, the movie Stage Beauty, the first female actress appeared at The Cockpit. The film is pretty accurate in a number of circumstances and particulars, so, although all movies are inherently suspect, this is at least a credible enough hint to be worth a chase, it seems to me. Geogre 20:02, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Haven't turned up anything to support it. This footnote from Latham and Matthew's version of Pepys' Diaries explores it as well as anything I've seen:
 * "These were not the first professional actresses to appear on the English stage. In 1629 actresses in a French troupe performed at the Blackfriars, Red Bull and Fortune theatres, but were hooted off the boards. In 1656, Mrs Edward Coleman, who visited Pepys on 31 October 1665, sang the part of Ianthe in Sir William Davenant’s opera, The Siege of Rhodes, at Rutland House in Charterhouse Yard. The articles of agreement which Davenant made when he formed the Duke of York’s company on 5 November 1660 show that he had decided to employ actresses. But the King’s company, under the management of Thomas Killigrew, probably preceded him in the use of actresses. A woman evidently played the part of Desdemona in Killigrew’s production of Othello at the Theatre Royal, Vere St on 8 December 1660, for Thomas Jordan wrote a special prologue for it 'to introduce the first Woman that came to act on the Stage'. Her identity is not known; Anne Marshall, Margaret Hughes and Katherine Corey have been suggested."

—Bunchofgrapes (talk) 03:23, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Cockpit Theatre, Marylebone
There is another notable Cockpit Theatre in Marylebone, London. It was opened in the early 70s by ILEA and still operates today (now under the ownership of City of Westminster College).

It has an important history in youth arts and theatre in education and interestingly is London's first purpose-built theatre in the round since the fire of London in 1666.

I have a lot more information about the Cockpit and would happily add it to this article if somebody can help lay the foundations to keep the page tidy and coherent.

Cockpit Theatre website

Onthemat 01:07, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

I have started a Stub for Cockpit Theatre (Marylebone) and put a link to it at the top of the other Cockpit page. I am happy to expand on the page, but I know very little about the CockpitTimothyJacobson 21:37, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

Wrong Coordinates?
In an exact description within the article the Cockpit Theatre is not there, where the given coordinates pointing to. (I rather follow in "my" german article this descripton) Alberich21 (talk) 16:25, 28 August 2019 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Cockpit Theatre


text:
User:Saroj180das/Books/Mobile

Mobile Phoned

 * Mobile phone
 * Motorola
 * Motorola Atrix 4G
 * Moto X (2nd generation)
 * Moto G
 * Moto G (2nd generation)
 * Moto E

title: User:Saroj180das/Books/Mobile


text:
User:TwLui

Please do not make personal attacks on other people. Wikipedia has a policy against personal attacks. In some cases, users who engage in personal attacks may be blocked from editing by admins or banned by the arbitration committee. Comment on content, not on other contributors or people. Please resolve disputes appropriately. Thank you. -zappa 01:12, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User:TwLui


text:
Talk:Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet

Active participants
Sign up to be a participant by adding your username to this list. If you have created an account on the Systemic Backend also include a link to your page there.

 * User:Mu301 (systemic: mu301)

Systemic Planet Hunting
So you saw too?--Rayc 18:16, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

Grid computing for Wikiversity planet detection?
I would be happy to try to help with software support. Can a systematic use of grid resources help in the data processing necessary to analyze stellar orbits?

 * Thanks for the offer. I've only just started using this software, so I'm not quite sure what is possible.  The website mentions that you can run your own client, but I didn't see any details on how to do that.  The Systemic project was inspired by the idea of seti@home but with one important difference - they wanted this project to be interactive rather than just a screensaver.  Finding a good fit to the data requires human interaction.  But there are parts of the program that are very compute intensive.  Once a good candidate is found you need to run the planet simulation forward in time to check for stability.  This can take hours.  I'll let you know if I find out more about this.--mikeu 16:38, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Dead link

 * http://obswww.unige.ch/~pont/TRANSITS.htm (archive)
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2009-09-25 17:45:42, 404 Not Found
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2009-09-27 06:32:04, 404 Not Found
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2009-10-03 14:12:06, 404 Not Found
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2009-10-04 06:32:04, 404 Not Found
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2009-10-11 06:32:03, 404 Not Found

The web page has been saved by the Internet Archive. Please consider linking to an appropriate archived version:. --Mu301Bot 06:32, 11 October 2009 (UTC)

 * The page has moved to http://obswww.unige.ch/~pont/TRANSITS.htm and the learning project link is now updated. --mikeu talk 15:01, 11 October 2009 (UTC)

Dead link 2

 * http://www.inscience.ch/transits/TRANSITS.htm (archive)
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2009-12-20 07:32:04, 404 Object Not Found
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2009-12-27 07:32:08, 404 Object Not Found
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2010-01-03 07:32:03, 404 Object Not Found
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2010-01-10 07:32:18, 404 Object Not Found

The web page has been saved by the Internet Archive. Please consider linking to an appropriate archived version:. --Mu301Bot 07:32, 10 January 2010 (UTC)

✅ --mikeu talk 04:15, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

Dead link 3

 * http://oklo.org/?page_id=33
 * In Binary Stars and Extrasolar Planets Learning Activity on 2010-06-20 06:32:52, 404 Not Found
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2010-06-27 06:32:13, 404 Not Found
 * In Binary Stars and Extrasolar Planets Learning Activity on 2010-07-04 06:32:12, 404 Not Found
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2010-07-11 06:32:10, 404 Not Found

--Mu301Bot 06:32, 11 July 2010 (UTC)

Dead link 4

 * http://www.aavso.org/observing/programs/ccd/transitsearch.shtml
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2010-07-25 06:32:10, 404 Not Found
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2010-09-12 16:33:36, 404 Not Found

--Mu301Bot 16:33, 12 September 2010 (UTC)

Dead link 5

 * http://www.aavso.org/vstar/vsots/fall04.shtml
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2010-09-12 16:33:51, 404 Not Found
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2010-09-14 00:49:39, 404 Not Found
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2010-09-19 06:32:06, 404 Not Found
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2010-09-26 06:32:09, 404 Not Found
 * In Observational astronomy/Extrasolar planet on 2010-10-03 06:32:24, 404 Not Found

--Mu301Bot 06:32, 3 October 2010 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Desi Relaford

"blessed"
I edited that he is "blessed" to play many positions w/ reliable becuase many baseball players are "blessed" with their talents. Derrty2033 01:10, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Desi Relaford


text:
List of accolades received by Omkara (2006 film)

Omkara is a 2006 Indian crime drama film adapted from Shakespeare's Othello, co-written and directed by Vishal Bhardwaj. It starred an ensemble cast of Ajay Devgn, Kareena Kapoor, Saif Ali Khan, Konkona Sen Sharma, Vivek Oberoi and Bipasha Basu. The director Vishal Bhardwaj himself composed the entire music for the film, including the background score, with lyrics by Gulzar. The film is set in Meerut, a city in Western Uttar Pradesh.

Produced on a budget of ₹260 million, Omkara was released on 28 July 2006 and grossed ₹424.12 million worldwide. The film was cited as "10 Must-Watch Indian Titles" by The National. The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories, with particular praise for its direction, music, screenplay, cinematography, and the performances of the ensemble cast, with particular praise for Khan's performance. The film won 41 awards from 106 nominations.

At the 54th National Film Awards, Omkara won awards in three categories, Best Supporting Actress (Konkona Sen Sharma), Best Audiography (Shajith Koyeri, Subhash Sahoo and K. J. Singh) and Special Jury Award (Vishal Bhardwaj). At the 52nd Filmfare Awards, it received nineteen nominations and won nine, including those for Best Actress (Critics), Best Supporting Actress, Best Performance in a Negative Role, Best Production Design, Best Costume Design, Best Sound Design, Best Female Playback Singer and Best Choreography. At the 8th IIFA Awards, it received thirteen nominations and won four, including those for Best Performance in a Negative Role, Best Female Playback Singer, Best Choreography and Special Award for Best Adaptation. Among other wins, the film received two Bollywood Movie Awards, three Global Indian Film Awards, five Screen Awards, five Stardust Awards and five Zee Cine Awards.

At 30th Cairo International Film Festival, Vishal Bhardwaj received "Best Artistic Contribution in Cinema of a Director" award, at 6th Kara Film Festival, it won awards in three categories, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actor and Best Music and at 2nd Asian Festival of First Films, Tassaduq Hussain received Best Cinematography Award.


text:
Electoral results for the district of Bourke

Bourke, an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales was created in 1880 and abolished in 1904.


text:
User:Pachand543/sandbox

}} }} }} Prakash Chand is Nepalese honest person From Patan Baitadi live in Dhangadhi, kailali

title: User:Pachand543/sandbox


text:
Talk:John Leamy (merchant)/GA1

GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''

Reviewer: Vanamonde93 (talk · contribs) 23:17, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

I'll review this. Vanamonde (Talk) 23:17, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * The nominator has been inactive, so I am closing this review based on prose clarity issues. The article is not far from GA status; if the nominator or anyone else addresses my comments and renominates this, please feel free to message me for a quick review, so that it does not sit in the queue for many more months. Vanamonde (Talk) 20:17, 7 October 2019 (UTC)

Checklist
GA review – see WP:WIAGA for criteria

 * 1) Is it well written?
 * A. The prose is clear and concise, and the spelling and grammar are correct:
 * B. It complies with the manual of style guidelines for lead sections, layout, words to watch, fiction, and list incorporation:
 * 1) Is it verifiable with no original research?
 * A. It contains a list of all references (sources of information), presented in accordance with the layout style guideline:
 * B. All in-line citations are from reliable sources, including those for direct quotations, statistics, published opinion, counter-intuitive or controversial statements that are challenged or likely to be challenged, and contentious material relating to living persons—science-based articles should follow the scientific citation guidelines:
 * Sources seem solid
 * C. It contains no original research:
 * D. It contains no copyright violations nor plagiarism:
 * Earwig's tool highlights quotes, spotchecks are clear
 * 1) Is it broad in its coverage?
 * A. It addresses the main aspects of the topic:
 * B. It stays focused on the topic without going into unnecessary detail (see summary style):
 * 1) Is it neutral?
 * It represents viewpoints fairly and without editorial bias, giving due weight to each:
 * 1) Is it stable?
 * It does not change significantly from day to day because of an ongoing edit war or content dispute:
 * 1) Is it illustrated, if possible, by images?
 * A. Images are tagged with their copyright status, and valid fair use rationales are provided for non-free content:
 * Licensing checks out to the best of my abilities
 * B. Images are relevant to the topic, and have suitable captions:
 * 1) Overall:
 * Pass or Fail:
 * It does not change significantly from day to day because of an ongoing edit war or content dispute:
 * 1) Is it illustrated, if possible, by images?
 * A. Images are tagged with their copyright status, and valid fair use rationales are provided for non-free content:
 * Licensing checks out to the best of my abilities
 * B. Images are relevant to the topic, and have suitable captions:
 * 1) Overall:
 * Pass or Fail:
 * 1) Overall:
 * Pass or Fail:

Comments

 * The early life section is very brief; is anything more available?
 * This is quite a short article; I don't think the business section needs a further summary paragraph. I would include that content in the lead.
 * "In a time where Spanish mercantilist policy was the primary obstacle to trade" This sounds POV even if that isn't the intention. Trade between what parties? The way it's written, it could be global trade.
 * Who is Francisco Rendón?
 * "ambassador Josef de Jáudenes" One may presume this is the Spanish ambassador to the US, but that's not necessarily a good assumption; being explicit would be helpful.
 * If you are quoting, I would recommend saying whose quote it was. Also, the quotation in paragraph two of "methods" is a bit lengthy; try to remove stuff that can be paraphrased easily.
 * "As agent he used" What does "agent" mean in this context?
 * "In March 1788 an advertisement showed "Leamy and Elliot"" Without further context as to who Elliot was, this doesn't add much.
 * I would strongly recommend switching the "expansion" and "methods" subsections; that would be more in keeping with chronology, and would flow better, in my opinion
 * "After a temporary lifting of trade restrictions" What restrictions?
 * You have rather a lot of short paragraphs; I would prefer combining these, especially the one-sentence one
 * Link/explain "pewholder"
 * I think a bulleted list, including days of birth, for five children, is excessive. The specific dates aren't very important. I would make that a single sentence, with years of birth in parentheses.
 * "according to a Catholic history"; what do you mean by this?
 * "and predominance in Spanish rather than American archives" I think I know what you mean here, but I'm uncertain; perhaps "and their presence in Spanish, rather than American archives"?
 * I would strongly recommend you use sfn formatting, for accessibility; however, I cannot compel you, per WP:CITEVAR, and this is a recommendation only.
 * Sources look alright; a PhD dissertation is not ideal; is there any way you can replace it?
 * The lead is really short. Can you beef it up a little? Two or three sentences should be quite easy.

title: Talk:John Leamy (merchant)/GA1


text:
Talk:Biochemistry/Proteins/The chemistry of proteins

Proteins are made of linear sequenes of amino acids. Sequence of these amino acids determine structure of the protein ans structure determines function.


text:
Talk:Stidham Farm

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title: Talk:Stidham Farm


text:
Pakkinti Ammayi (1981 film)

Pakkinti Ammayi is a 1981 Indian Telugu-language comedy film directed by K. Vasu and produced by A. Sarathi. It is a remake of the 1953 Telugu film of the same name which in itself was a remake of the Bengali-language film Pasher Bari (1952) based on the namesake short story by Arun Chowdhury. The film stars Jayasudha, Chandra Mohan, SP Balasubrahmanyam, and Chakravarthi in key roles. The music was composed by Chakravarthi who also played the role of a music teacher in the film. The movie released on 27 November 1981 and was not commercially successful.

Plot
Buchi Babu (Chandra Mohan) stays next to the house of Indu (Jayasudha). She madly likes dance and music very much. She appoints a music teacher. She does not like the actions of Buchi Babu. But he likes her very much and even loves her. He takes the help of some friends and tries to impress her showing that he knows music very well. She involves her teacher against Buchi Babu. He takes the help of his friend Balaraju (S. P. Balasubrahmanyam) and acts as if he is the one singing songs, while Balaraju is singing from the background. As a result, Indu almost likes him. But after knowing that he is not the singer, she changes her mind. Buchi Babu acts suicidal for her refusal. Indu finally changes her mind and loves him.

Cast

 * Jayasudha as Indira "Indu"
 * Chandra Mohan as Buchi Babu
 * Chakravarthy as Siva Nataraja Bhagavatar
 * S. P. Balasubrahmanyam as Bala Raju
 * Mada as Buchi Babu's friend
 * Hema Sundar as Indu's father
 * Prabhakar Reddy as Buchi Babu's maternal uncle

Music
The music of the film was composed by K. Chakravarthy. The lyrics were written by Arudra, Veturi, and Gopi.

 * "Ragam Ragam" - P. Susheela
 * "Indu Naa Kallaku Vindu" - S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
 * "Idi Sangeeta Samaramu" - S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
 * "Ivi Edabatula" - S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
 * "Music Bit"
 * "Pakkinti Ammayi" - S. P. Balasubrahmanyam

title: Pakkinti Ammayi (1981 film)


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Portal:Finance

Economics and Personal Finance is a subject that has a wide variety of applications in the real world, but very rarely is it seen as a necessity in the classroom. Welcome to the Finance Department of the Wikiversity School of Business!

This is Wikiversity's department of Finance, which is both a science and an art.

Major curriculum
In order to form a good basic understanding of business, it is recommended for students to visit General Studies of Business Administration and study the core business curriculum as prerequisites for the following courses.

Level 1000 courses are recommended prerequisites of level 1010 courses:
 * Business Finance, FIN 1001, fundamentals of business/corporate finance and historical/modern portfolio management theories
 * Time Value of Money, FIN 1002, fundamental way of calculating the value of a sum of money, at any time in the present or future.

Level 1010 courses are recommended prerequisites of level 1100 courses:
 * Equity Markets, FIN 1011, fundamentals of corporate equity finance and major markets
 * Debt and Money Markets, FIN 1012, introduction to the largest and most active financial market in the world, as well as various other fixed income products
 * Currency and Commodity Markets, including energy, live stock, grains, and FOREX (foreign exchange markets)
 * Insurance and Annuities, FIN 1014, design of insurance and annuity products
 * Pension, FIN 1015, pension management, portfolio management and investment advisor selection

Level 1100 courses:
 * Risk Management, FIN 1101, to take calculated risk for higher growth
 * Financial Management, FIN 1102, cornerstone course, in-depth studies of historical/modern portfolio management theories

Other courses:

 * Investments and Portfolio Management, FINE 441
 * International Finance 1, FINE 482
 * Behavioral Finance
 * Introduction to Computational Finance

Active participants

 * Ray Shan
 * Mike Hanson
 * DrK

Department news

 * 9 March 2005 - Department founded

title: Portal:Finance


text:
Will Lyman

William Lyman (born May 20, 1948) is an American actor. Known for his polished, resonant voice, he has narrated the PBS series Frontline since its second season in 1984. He played William Tell in the action/adventure television series Crossbow.

Early life and education
Lyman was born in Burlington, Vermont, the son of Mabry (née Remington), an editor and educator, and Edward Phelps Lyman, an educator. He is a 1971 graduate of Boston University School of Fine and Applied Art. In the early 1970s, he worked for Allston Piano.

Career
Lyman was a first-chair bass player with a number of amateur and semi-professional symphonic and chamber orchestras.

His film career began with a small part in the 1975 movie Jaws. In 1979 he played Ken Alexander in episodes of the daytime TV soap opera series Ryan's Hope, and appeared in other daytime TV serials.

Lyman narrated the highly rated Vietnam: A Television History, a 13-part documentary series about the war that was produced by WGBH in Boston in 1983 and broadcast nationally by PBS.

In 1984, he became the exclusive narrator of PBS' long-running Frontline television series and is best known as such.

Since changing his focus to the theater, he has made a successful career in television, theater and film, including appearances in Hostile Takeover and Welcome to the Dollhouse, and as narrator of the 2006 film Little Children. He has also appeared on the TV shows Commander in Chief, in which he portrayed the President of the United States (whose death in the story elevates Geena Davis' Mackenzie Allen to the office), and also appeared in TV shows Threat Matrix, The West Wing, and Law & Order.

Other of his voice-over credits include documentaries for National Geographic, The History Channel, The Discovery Channel and The Learning Channel. Lyman has narrated many episodes of the WGBH-TV Nova series (including the Frontline partnership, What's Up With The Weather?).

He narrated a series of commercials for the Mexican beer Dos Equis, revolving around their character of "The Most Interesting Man in the World", portrayed onscreen by actor Jonathan Goldsmith.

Lyman has provided the voice for many commercials of the German automaker BMW. He played the award ceremony narrator in the 2008 movie Iron Man.

In the January 26, 2014 episode of The Simpsons, "Specs and the City", Lyman spoofed his Frontline voiceovers.

In 2018, he provided the narration for the documentary Trump's Showdown.

Lyman continued to be active and appear on stage at the Huntington Theatre Company in Boston, Massachusetts in Romeo and Juliet (2019), Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (2014), All My Sons (2010) and Dead End (2000).

Since 2002, Lyman has been involved with the Commonwealth Shakespeare Company as Chairman of the Board (2002-2014) and as a member of the board of Trustees (2002-).

He was a board member of the Screen Actors Guild for two years.

Personal life
In 1972, Lyman married the former Anastasia Sylvester. They have one daughter, Georgia. They live in the greater Boston area.

Selected awards and honors

 * 2013 Elliot Norton Prize for Sustained Excellence (The Boston Theater Critics Association)
 * 2015 NETC Award
 * Howard Keel Award for service to the Screen Actors Guild
 * IRNE Awards
 * 2022 Peabody Award for narration on the documentary The Power of Big Oil

title: Will Lyman


text:
2017 Open d'Orléans – Doubles

Nikola Mektić and Franko Škugor were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Guillermo Durán and Andrés Molteni won the title after defeating Jonathan Eysseric and Tristan Lamasine 6–3, 6–7(4–7), [13–11] in the final.

Seeds
• # 🇦🇷 Guillermo Durán / 🇦🇷 Andrés Molteni (champions)

• # 🇬🇧 Ken Skupski / 🇬🇧 Neal Skupski (semifinals)

• # Sander Arends / Antonio Šančić (first round)

• # Romain Arneodo / 🇫🇷 Hugo Nys (quarterfinals)

title: 2017 Open d'Orléans – Doubles


text:
National Amalgamated Central, Local & Parastatal Manual Workers' Union

The National Amalgamated Central, Local and Parastatal Manual Workers' Union (often referred to as The Manual Workers) is a trade union in Botswana.


text:
reporterka

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  reporterism
 * 1)  reporterism
 * 1)  reporterism

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) reporter female journalist who investigates

title: reporterka


text:
Talk:Wikimedia

The formula
Establishing Wikiversity's role and context: Wikiversity + Wikimedia = Wikiversity's relationship to its parent organization, Wikimedia. Opened 22:10, 20 December 2006 (UTC) by CQ

The Role
CQ, Before we extend her role, can you specify what you mean by: "Wikiversity has a definite role within the Wikimedia Metacommunity. "?--Hillgentleman|Talk 20:57, 28 December 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wikimedia


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Line of succession to the former Albanian throne

The result was delete. Tone 13:20, 24 August 2020 (UTC)

Line of succession to the former Albanian throne

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

This throne has been defunct since 1939. WP:DEL-REASON 6: Articles that cannot possibly be attributed to reliable sources, including neologisms, original theories and conclusions, and articles that are themselves hoaxes (but not articles describing notable hoaxes). It is impossible to attribute the current line of succession to this throne to WP:RELIABLE sources, because there is no current line of succession, because monarchy doesn't exist anymore. See also WP:NOTGENEALOGY. There are also WP:BLP concerns about the people who are listed here, including six minors.

So basically, the same reasons as the previous 25 lines of successions to defunct thrones that have been deleted recently (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25). TompaDompa (talk) 12:17, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Lists of people-related deletion discussions. TompaDompa (talk) 12:17, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of History-related deletion discussions. TompaDompa (talk) 12:17, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Albania-related deletion discussions. TompaDompa (talk) 12:17, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete per nom and overwhelming consensus across 25 prior deletions. Without existing rules of succession, no reliable order of succession is possible, and just pretending that a particular set of old rules would apply is dubious. Agricolae (talk) 15:00, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom and above comment. Balle010 (talk) 15:56, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Keep Albania is a highly interesting case, since it was the latest country in the world to have a referendum on the matter of whether the monarchy should be reinstated or not. It don't become less interesting, neither in a public nor in a encyclopedic sense, to learn, that the former prime minister of Albania later admitted, that the refferendum was manipulated, and that the outcome could have have been different. Therefore the line of succession for an Albanian monarchy, if allowed to return to the throne of Albania, is clearly within the scope of the idea of having an encyclopedia like this.
 * The idea stated in the nomination that there can't be a line of succession, when there isn't an existing monarchy is more or less bogus. It's a private and so far unsourced opinion.
 * There will in by far the most cases always be a line of succession to a monarchial institution, if that institution was based on the principle of inheriting the tile, unless the family in question has run out of heirs. The assumption that the line of succession to a former throne dosen't exist any more is pretty much an (unsourced) opinion, a private opinion not based in any international rules or resolutions. I can't think of a UN-resolution that mentions anyting about that the line of succession to defunct thrones dosen't exist any more?
 * We do actually have a number of cases, where referendums have been held about the question whether an abolished monarchy should be restored. If we put the 1947 Spanish referendum aside, because it didn't involve reinstating an actual monarch in the job, then there are at least four known examples of such referendums: 1935 Greek monarchy referendum, 1953 Maldivian constitutional referendum, 1993 Brazilian constitutional referendum & 1997 Albanian monarchy referendum. These referendums would have been meaningless, if the nations where they took place didn't think a) there is actually a former royal family, we can put back on the throne and b) there is a line of succession in that family that determins, who will become monarch and who will become first, second, third and so forth in the line of succession if we the people/nation decides to bring back the monarchy to our country.
 * I didn't get around having classes in law at university, but I'm pretty confident, that most lawyers would say, that it is/was the latest law of succession from before the monarchy was abolished, that defines the line of succession in that particular royal/princely family. Isn't that just a statement on my behalf? Perhaps, but if we take a look at the historical examples it is evident, that when a republic is abolished and a former monarchy comes into existence once more, then the restored monarchies have had no need for defining who would be the monarch and who would be the heirs in the line of succession once more, they simply followed the laws or rules from the last time, the monarchy had been in function. The examples of this, that I can think of is:
 * Britain (England and Scotland) 1660
 * Kingdom of France 1814
 * French Empire 1852 (though Napoleon III changed the law of succession immediately after he had acceded the throne)
 * Spain 1874
 * Greece 1935
 * Maldives 1953
 * Of course a restored monarchy can make the choise, that they will follow a new set of rules conserning succession to the throne, but in these cases it's a deliberate choise in the situation. The examples could be Hungary (1920), Spain (1947/1975) and Cambodia (1993).
 * So the historical evidence strongly points to the conclussion, that lines of successions is maintained within a royal/princely family, even if the family no longer functions as reigning family within an existing independent monarchy.
 * Of course there will be cases, where a line of succession can't be established - Hungary would make such an example, since the latest Hungarian monarchy (1920-1946) didn't recognice anyone as eligible for being the monarch of the country, and therefore the country didn't have and didn't recognice (while still a monarchy) a particular line of succession. Oleryhlolsson (talk) 16:11, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * The rules that governed succession to existing monarchies have changed (in some monarchies repeatedly), and there is no reason were Albania to reestablish a monarchy they would be bound by rules from before World War II. Yes, there could hypothetically be a referendum that installed the person legitimists consider to be the heir to the former monarchy as king, but there could just as well be referenda that choose someone other than that legitimate heir. When Spain restored a monarchy in 1975, the person chosen was not the person next in line based on the prior rules of succession.  Keeping this page under the supposition that the a country hypothetically restoring a monarchy at some point in the future is in any way bound by the rules that no longer exist is simply groundless and subjective. Agricolae (talk) 18:01, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * The Albanian monarchy has already had an instance of abolition and then reinstatement of an entirely different dynasty from the initial monarch! JoelleJay (talk) 17:29, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * That there is no line of succession when there is no monarchy isn't an opinion, it's what there being no monarchy means. This is easily demonstrated by asking a simple question: Who succeeded Zog I of Albania as King of Albania when he died in 1961 (or if you prefer, Victor Emmanuel III of Italy when he died in 1947)? That's right, nobody did. That's all there is to it. And you also have the WP:BURDEN of proof backwards: All content must be verifiable. The burden to demonstrate verifiability lies with the editor who adds or restores material, and it is satisfied by providing an inline citation to a reliable source that directly supports the contribution. You're the one arguing for the inclusion of material, so you're the one who needs to demonstrate that the line of succession to the defunct throne still exists. Which you can't, because it doesn't. Your own line of reasoning here acknowledges that this is all hypothetical. In other words, it's speculative, alternative history – real-life fan fiction, if you will. However, Wikipedia is WP:NOTSPECULATION. TompaDompa (talk) 19:30, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete per nom, absurd OR fantasy.Smeat75 (talk) 21:11, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete When a throne has been dead far longer than it ever was alive, than such articles become absurdist.John Pack Lambert (talk) 00:29, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete. Why is there such an enormous list of unsourced non-notable hypothetical successors to the Wied claim, which doesn't even have a living, designated heir? That first monarchy is already discussed in the Kingdom of Albania article, and the Zog rule and line of succession are wholly covered there and in the House of Zogu page, so there is zero reason for this article to exist. JoelleJay (talk) 17:29, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable, defunt Royal Family  Devoke water   (talk)  22:10, 22 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete this is fundamentally unencyclopedic speculation because the monarchy no longer exists and there are no accepted standards as to what the succession would be. Even if there is a source which makes the same speculation it is still speculation.  Hut 8.5  10:22, 23 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Don Bosco Technical High School

Don Bosco Technical High School may refer to:

 * Don Bosco Technical High School (Boston)
 * Don Bosco Technical High School (East Timor)

 * Don Bosco Technical High School (Paterson, NJ)

title: Don Bosco Technical High School


text:
Talk:wrote

RFV discussion
Adjective sense (drunk). Is this is in use? If so, is it comparable? If so does it take more/most or -er/-est? Thryduulf 18:06, 13 July 2007 (UTC)
 * It may not take either. I've never heard the term used, but it could still be a regionalism. --EncycloPetey 06:07, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

RFV failed, sense removed. —Ruakh TALK 16:00, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

rote
What about the use in "wrote memorization"?
 * See rote. SemperBlotto 22:48, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:wrote


text:
Cookbook:Paprika Chicken

| Cuisine of Hungary | Chicken

Paprika chicken is a dish of Hungarian origin traditionally made with chicken, paprika, and lard, served over pasta. There is no official recipe. Preparations of this dish often vary between families. In this Americanized version, sour cream is used in place of lard. Vegetables are optional—the traditional Hungarian version contains none.

Ingredients

 * 1 ea. (2-3 pounds) chicken
 * 2 medium onions, chopped
 * 2–4 tablespoons sweet (not hot) paprika
 * 5–7 tablespoons olive oil
 * 1 cup sour cream
 * ¼–½ cup heavy cream
 * Salt
 * Fresh green parsley
 * 6–7 whole black peppercorns
 * 1 green bell pepper (optional)
 * ½ red bell pepper (optional)
 * 1 carrot (optional), thinly sliced
 * 1 onion (optional), thinly sliced

Procedure

 * 1) Cut the chicken into eight pieces.
 * 2) Add the oil to a medium sauté pan. Sauté the onions for about 3–4 minutes or until they turn yellow.
 * 3) Add the chicken, peppercorns, salt, and paprika, and stir it rapidly. It is a lot of paprika, but it is not hot and this is a Paprikash. Add water immediately to cover the meat.
 * 4) Simmer over low heat. If using, add peppers and carrots after 10 minutes of simmering. Stir occasionally until the chicken is tender. If necessary add more water, but very sparingly. Do not boil the chicken—it should be almost fried in the end. This takes about 45–50 minutes. During the last 15 minutes, stop adding water and wait until the liquid is almost boiled off. Keep about a half finger's width of gravy on the bottom of the pan
 * 5) Add the sour cream and heavy cream to the gravy and stir. Add fresh chopped parsley on the top.
 * 6) Serve with dumplings, rice or mashed potatoes and salad.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * It is important not to use hot paprika, as this would make the soup too spicy and of the wrong consistency. In the United States, paprika is typically mild and sweet unless otherwise indicated.
 * If desired, for every carrot used add ⅓ parsnip, thinly sliced. This takes away the slight sweetness of the carrot.
 * If you want to avoid the heavy cream, use more sour cream.

title: Cookbook:Paprika Chicken


text:
reroute

Verb

 * 1) To change the route taken by something.
 * We'll have to reroute some buses to avoid the construction work.

Translations

 * Catalan: canviar la ruta
 * Czech: přesměrovat, odklonit, poslat jinudy, navést jinudy, změnit trasu
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian: cambiare il percorso
 * Portuguese: cambiar o percurso
 * Spanish: cambiar el itinerario

Noun

 * 1) The use of a different route from one planned or used before.

title: reroute


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Richmond Park

The result was: promoted by 97198 (talk) 07:26, 14 February 2015 (UTC)

Richmond Park

 * ... that Richmond Park in London is three times the size of Central Park in New York?

Improved to Good Article status by Headhitter (talk). Nominated by Eurodyne (talk) at 00:36, 10 February 2015 (UTC).

 * Promoted to GA status within the required time limit. Article is sufficiently long. Hook is interesting, contained in the article and is sourced inline to reliable sources; elementary mathematics to compare the two sources is required but does not reach the level of original research. Article is generally in good condition, uses inline citations throughout and a spotcheck of sources did not show any improper copying. Nominator appears only to have 2 DYK credits so is not required to carry out a QPQ. Symbol confirmed.svg and good to go. BencherliteTalk 08:17, 12 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Cookbook talk:Apple Pie

This is a recipe that my Mother gave me and was always used in my family. Sadly she passed away on 30 may 2003. She would have been so proud if she could have seen it.

Why was the margarine doubled? I think somebody messed up the recipe, but I'm not about to bake 2 pies to verify this.

 * I use something inbetween: 2 parts flour, 1 part fat.

Simmering
The original recipe had the apples simmered in 3 tablespoons of water. First I don't know how that could be done (but I'm a novice), but second it has been removed and apples are raw in the current recipe. But still the 3 tablespoons of hot water have remained in the ingredients section. We should remove the hot water if it is not needed to avoid confusing such laymen as me :). --<IP_ADDRESS> 12:53, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

alton brown is awesome
this recipe is for cobbler not pie because he didnt let it sit for 4 hours whoever wrote this should watch the apple pie episode of good eats hail alton brown he is awesome

Merging articles?
Is it sane to consider merging the multiple recipes as variations on the Apple Pie I recipe? It's frustrating to have multiple, unintuitively-named pages for these things. --MarkTraceur (discuss • contribs) 17:56, 12 December 2013 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Apple Pie


text:
vasat

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) mediocre, indifferent
 * 2) average, normal
 * 3)  middle
 * 4)  milieu, environment, surroundings, sphere

title: vasat


text:
List of Black Canadians

This is a list of notable Black Canadians, inclusive of multiracial people who are of partially Black African descent.

A

 * Elamin Abdelmahmoud, CBC Radio host
 * Wayne Adams, first black MLA in Nova Scotia, Liberal
 * Lovell Adams-Gray, actor
 * Oluniké Adeliyi, actress
 * Alfons Adetuyi, film director and producer
 * Robert Adetuyi, film director and screenwriter
 * Randell Adjei, poet
 * Ohenewa Akuffo, wrestler
 * AHI, singer-songwriter
 * Zanana Akande, former Ontario Member of Provincial Parliament and cabinet minister
 * Philip Akin, director
 * Lincoln Alexander, first black Member of Parliament in Canada, former Lieutenant Governor of Ontario
 * Toya Alexis, R&B/pop singer and Canadian Idol season 1 finalist
 * Aisha Alfa, actress and comedian
 * Ismaila Alfa, radio host
 * Thom Allison, actor
 * Jean Alfred, first black Canadian member of the National Assembly of Quebec
 * Lillian Allen, dub poet
 * Archie Alleyne, jazz musician
 * a l l i e, R&B singer
 * David Amber, sportscaster
 * Kanika Ambrose, playwright
 * Kimora Amour, drag entertainer
 * Ammoye, reggae singer
 * Prince Amponsah, actor
 * Aba Amuquandoh, comedian
 * Anastarzia Anaquway, drag entertainer
 * Ezzrett Anderson, CFL player
 * Granville Anderson, politician
 * "Hollywood Jade" Anderson, dancer and choreographer
 * Osborne Perry Anderson, resident of the Chatham-Kent area; involved in the raid at Harper's Ferry
 * Ricky Anderson, athlete and writer
 * Shamier Anderson, actor
 * Virnetta Anderson, first Black Canadian city councillor in Calgary
 * Jill Andrew, politician
 * Marie-Joseph Angélique, executed for setting fire to Montreal
 * Dominique Anglade, politician
 * Georges Anglade, academic
 * Joel Anthony, NBA basketball player with the Detroit Pistons
 * Tafari Anthony, rhythm and blues singer
 * Trey Anthony, playwright (Da Kink in My Hair)
 * Océane Aqua-Black, drag entertainer
 * Aqyila, rhythm and blues singer
 * Bromley Armstrong, community activist
 * Christine Armstrong, film editor
 * Tré Armstrong, actress and choreographer
 * Uzoma Asagwara, politician
 * Brandon Ash-Mohammed, stand-up comedian
 * Ryad Assani-Razaki, writer
 * James Atebe, politician
 * Yvonne Atwell, Nova Scotia's first black female MLA, NDP
 * Jean Augustine, former Member of Parliament, black Canadian Cabinet Minister, former deputy Speaker of the House of Commons
 * Edem Awumey, writer
 * Malcolm Azania, writer and activist

B

 * B-Kool, rapper
 * Clark Backo, actress
 * Njacko Backo, musician
 * Backxwash, rapper
 * Cameron Bailey, film critic and artistic director of the Toronto International Film Festival
 * Donovan Bailey, first canadian to win an Olympic gold medal in the 100 m sprint (1996 Atlanta)
 * Andrea Bain, journalist and talk show host (The Goods, The Social)
 * James Baley, musician and dancer
 * Tynomi Banks, drag entertainer
 * Barbada de Barbades, drag entertainer
 * Vivian Barbot, Bloc Québécois member of parliament for the riding of Papineau
 * Emery Barnes, first black Speaker of the British Columbia Legislative Assembly and CFL defensive end
 * Alexis Baro, jazz and rhythm and blues trumpeter
 * RJ Barrett, NBA player with the New York Knicks
 * Rowan Barrett, former professional basketball player
 * Daniel Bartholomew-Poyser, conductor
 * Angèle Bassolé-Ouédraogo, poet
 * Frank Baylis, politician
 * Gary Beals, pop singer and Canadian Idol season 1 first runner-up
 * Jacqueline Beaugé-Rosier, writer
 * Kettly Beauregard, politician
 * Shawn Belle, NHL prospect
 * Frantz Benjamin, Montreal city councillor
 * Anthony Bennett, NBA player (first overall pick in the 2013 NBA draft)
 * Cle Bennett, actor
 * Tyrone Benskin, actor and director; Member of Parliament; national vice president of ACTRA
 * Wanda Thomas Bernard, social work, educator, senator
 * Rima Berns-McGown, politician
 * Lisa Berry, actress
 * Ardon Bess, actor (Trailer Park Boys, King of Kensington)
 * Carrie Best, activist and humanitarian, first black journalist
 * James Calbert Best, diplomat and public servant
 * Margarett Best, Ontario Member of Provincial Parliament and Cabinet Minister
 * Salome Bey, jazz, blues and gospel singer (US citizen, Canadian permanent resident)
 * Tim Biakabutuka, former NFL player
 * Henry Bibb, author and abolitionist
 * Bertrand Bickersteth, writer
 * Charlie Biddle (Sr.), one of Canada's greatest bassists
 * Sonya Biddle, actress and politician
 * Jully Black, R&B/pop singer
 * Lindsay Blackett, Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, the province's first black cabinet minister
 * Shane Book, writer
 * Walter Borden, actor and playwright
 * Boslen, rapper
 * Cory Bowles, actor (Trailer Park Boys)
 * Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman, actor
 * George Boyd, playwright
 * D. M. Bradford, poet
 * Lawrence Ytzhak Braithwaite, dub poet and novelist
 * Dionne Brand, author
 * Fred Brathwaite, NHL goalie
 * Leonard Braithwaite, politician
 * Rella Braithwaite, historian and journalist
 * Wendy Motion Brathwaite, writer and musician
 * Alma Faye Brooks, disco, soul and R&B singer
 * Garnet Brooks, opera singer
 * Phyllis Simmons Brooks, educator
 * Shelton Brooks, popular music and jazz singer, songwriter, and pianist and vaudeville and musical theatre performer who wrote some of the biggest hits of the first third of the 20th century
 * Khalilah Brooks, actress and children's educator
 * Aisha Brown, actress and comedian
 * Divine Brown, R&B/soul singer and musical theatre performer
 * Denham Brown, professional basketball player in Europe
 * Luther Brown, dancer and choreographer
 * Rosemary Brown, British Columbia legislator; first black woman to run for the leadership of a political party in Canada (the federal New Democratic Party)
 * Measha Brueggergosman, opera singer
 * Kim Brunhuber, journalistic
 * Matthew Bullock, fugitive from the US who became a cause celebre in the 1920s
 * Millicent Burgess, educator
 * Nate Burleson, NFL player
 * Tajon Buchanan, soccer player
 * Sharon Burey, senator

C

 * Dayana Cadeau, professional bodybuilder
 * Cadence Weapon, rapper
 * Madwa-Nika Cadet, politician
 * Daniel Caesar, R&B and soul singer
 * Celina Caesar-Chavannes, politician
 * Shawna Cain, Christian R&B singer
 * Herb Carnegie, star of Quebec professional hockey league
 * Anson Carter, NHL star
 * Rubin Carter, former boxer and activist
 * Jazz Cartier, rapper
 * Demo Cates, musician
 * Mary Anne Chambers, former Ontario Member of Provincial Parliament and cabinet minister
 * Myriam J. A. Chancy, writer
 * Keshia Chanté, R&B singer and co-host of BET's 106 & Park
 * David Chariandy, writer
 * Gregory Charles, pop and gospel singer
 * Miryam Charles, filmmaker
 * Nuela Charles, singer
 * Tanika Charles, soul and rhythm and blues singer
 * Ajahnis Charley, comedian and television writer
 * Charmaine, rapper
 * Sean Cheesman, dancer and choreographer
 * Ulrick Chérubin, mayor of Amos, Quebec, one of the first black mayors of any city in Quebec
 * Jojo Chintoh, longtime Citytv reporter
 * Ify Chiwetelu, CBC Radio host
 * Choclair, rapper
 * Rae Dawn Chong, actress (The Color Purple)
 * Jillian Christmas, poet
 * Jarvis Church, singer (The Philosopher Kings and solo) and music producer (Nelly Furtado)
 * Clairmont the Second, rapper
 * Austin Clarke, novelist (The Polished Hoe, Growing Up Stupid Under the Union Jack)
 * Cheril N. Clarke, writer
 * George Elliott Clarke, poet and playwright (Whylah Falls, George and Rue)
 * Kevin Clarke, activist and politician
 * Michèle Pearson Clarke, writer
 * Edith Clayton, basket maker
 * Bernadette Clement, mayor of Cornwall, Ontario
 * Sebastian Clovis, Canadian Football League player and HGTV host
 * Tristan Clovis, Canadian Football League player
 * Devon Clunis, chief of Winnipeg Police Service and Canada's first black Canadian chief of police
 * Caroline Cole, vice-president, Business Development Bank of Canada
 * Desmond Cole, journalist
 * Lucretia Newman Coleman, writer
 * Donté Colley, dancer
 * Wayde Compton, poet
 * Marilyn Cooke, filmmaker
 * Anne Cools, Canada's first black senator
 * Afua Cooper, poet and historian
 * Amanda Cordner, actress
 * Lisa Michelle Cornelius, actress
 * Michael Coteau, Ontario Member of Provincial Parliament
 * Arisa Cox, television personality
 * Deborah Cox, R&B singer
 * Archie Crail, writer
 * Laura Creavalle, professional bodybuilder
 * Roger Cross, actor (24)
 * Alcenya Crowley, educator and activist
 * Vera Cudjoe, actress, producer, and educator; founder of Black Theatre Canada
 * Alvin Curling, Ontario Member of Provincial Parliament and Speaker of the Legislature of Ontario
 * Ayesha Curry, celebrity chef and television personality

D

 * Ola Dada, stand-up comedian
 * Samuel Dalembert, NBA player
 * Trevor Daley, NHL player with the Dallas Stars
 * Jonathan David, professional footballer for Lille OSC
 * Alphonso Davies, professional footballer for FC Bayern Munich
 * Delos Davis, third black lawyer in Canada and first black King's Counsel in the UK
 * Hubert Davis, Academy Award-nominated documentary filmmaker
 * Rob Davis, former York and Toronto city councillor
 * Nigel Dawes, NHL player with the New York Rangers
 * Desirée Dawson, musician
 * Buddy Daye, former boxer and activist in Nova Scotia
 * Jonathan de Guzman, soccer player
 * Julian De Guzman, soccer player
 * Dwayne De Rosario
 * Tasha de Vasconcelos, model and actress
 * David Defiagbon, boxer
 * Mélanie Demers, dancer and choreographer
 * Simone Denny, house music vocalist
 * Adebe DeRango-Adem, poet
 * Viola Desmond, beautician and civil rights activist, first Canadian woman to be depicted on Canadian currency
 * Robert Nathaniel Dett, composer
 * Rita Deverell, broadcaster and journalist, founder of Vision TV
 * Devon, hip-hop musician ("Mr. Metro")
 * Alpha Yaya Diallo, musician
 * Paul Dillett, retired IFBB bodybuilder and businessman
 * George Dixon, first black world boxing champion in any weight class
 * Fefe Dobson, pop punk singer
 * Shirley Dorismond, politician
 * James Douglas, early governor of Vancouver Island and British Columbia
 * James W. Douglas, British Columbia MLA
 * Orville Lloyd Douglas, poet, writer, and journalist
 * Stan Douglas, installation artist
 * Zabrina Douglas, comedian
 * Nathan Downer, television journalist
 * Nigel Downer, actor and comedian
 * Ray Downey, former boxer who medalled in the 1988 Olympics
 * Riele Downs, actress
 * Dream Warriors, hip hop duo
 * Dwight Drummond, television journalist
 * Joseph Drummond, civil rights activist
 * Ali Duale, politician
 * Christian Dubé, politician
 * Emmanuel Dubourg, Quebec Liberal Party MNA for Viau
 * Rob Ducey, former Major League Baseball player
 * Alison Duke, film producer
 * Alvin Duncan, World War II RCAF veteran and historian
 * Arlene Duncan, actress, singer (Little Mosque on the Prairie)

E

 * Chuck Ealey, Canadian Football League player
 * Gordon Earle, former NDP Member of Parliament for Halifax West
 * Eldridge Eatman, sprinter and First World War soldier
 * Amatoritsero Ede, writer
 * Rosey Edeh, ET Canada reporter and former MSNBC meteorologist
 * Aida Edemariam, writer
 * Esi Edugyan, novelist
 * Phil Edwards, track athlete
 * Tyrone Edwards, television host
 * Efajemue, jazz percussionist
 * Francesca Ekwuyasi, writer and artist
 * Jade Elektra, drag performer and HIV/AIDS educator
 * Natasha Eloi, science reporter for Space channel
 * Emanuel, rhythm and blues singer
 * Ray Emery, NHL goalie
 * Jonathan Emile, poet, composer and entrepreneur
 * Tyler Ennis, NBA player with the Phoenix Suns
 * Robert Esmie, Olympic gold medalist 4x100 relay (Atlanta 1996)
 * Gérard Étienne, writer
 * Karena Evans, director
 * Aisha Evelyna, actor and filmmaker
 * Irdens Exantus, actor

F

 * Famous, rapper
 * Perdita Felicien, track athlete
 * Greg Fergus, politician
 * Sedina Fiati, actress and theatre director
 * Dominique Fils-Aimé, blues, jazz and rhythm and blues singer
 * Melanie Fiona, R&B singer
 * Farley Flex, music promoter and Canadian Idol judge
 * Cheryl Foggo, writer
 * Melyssa Ford, professional model and actress
 * Rose Fortune, first female police officer in Canada
 * Cecil Foster, novelist and sociologist and biologist
 * Rick Fox, NBA player
 * Angelique Francis, blues singer
 * Mayann Francis, former Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia and former director and CEO of the Nova Scotia Human Rights Commission
 * Fil Fraser, writer
 * Debby Friday, electronic musician
 * Grant Fuhr, Hockey Hall of Fame goaltender (Edmonton Oilers), first black hockey player to win the Stanley Cup
 * Kelly Fyffe-Marshall, writer and filmmaker

G

 * Matt Galloway, CBC Radio host
 * Harry Gairey, community activist
 * Gayance, electronic/house DJ
 * Robyn Gayle, former soccer player
 * Kendall Gender, drag entertainer
 * Mifflin Wistar Gibbs, merchant and member of Victoria City Council in the 1860s
 * Chantal Gibson, poet
 * Glenroy Gilbert, Olympic gold medalist 4x100 relay (Atlanta 1996)
 * Shai Gilgeous-Alexander – NBA player
 * Malcolm Gladwell, journalist
 * George Godfrey, former boxer originally from Prince Edward Island
 * Patrice Goodman, actress
 * Gary Goodridge, former mixed martial artist and kickboxer
 * Kamala-Jean Gopie, activist and political candidate
 * Audrey Gordon, politician
 * Stephen Gough, Nova Scotia MLA
 * Dirk Graham, first NHL captain of African descent
 * Jean-Luc Grand-Pierre, former NHL defenseman, currently playing in Europe
 * Anais Granofsky, actor (Degrassi)
 * Daniel Greaves, rock singer (The Watchmen)
 * Marlene Green, community activist, educator, and NGO field worker
 * Matthew Green, politician
 * Robert Joseph Greene, writer
 * Stanley G. Grizzle, judge, community activist
 * Twila Grosse, politician

H

 * Brandon Hackett, actor, writer and comedian
 * Wes Hall, businessman and Dragons' Den investor
 * William Hall, first Nova Scotian, third Canadian and first black person to be awarded the Victoria Cross
 * Quancetia Hamilton, actress
 * Sherman Hamilton, basketball player and sportscaster
 * Kevin Hanchard, actor
 * Suzy Hansen, politician
 * Adrian Harewood, CBC Radio journalist and host
 * Winnie Harlow, model
 * Alicia K. Harris, filmmaker
 * Harrison, electronic musician
 * Faisal Hassan, politician
 * Andrea Hazell, politician
 * Wilson A. Head, sociologist and human rights activist
 * Akeel Henry, record producer
 * Sasha Leigh Henry, filmmaker and screenwriter
 * Violet King Henry, first black female lawyer in Canada
 * Josiah Henson, former slave, believed to have been the inspiration for the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin
 * Dan Hill, pop singer-songwriter
 * Daniel G. Hill, sociologist and first head of the Ontario Human Rights Commission
 * Lawrence Hill, novelist and memoirist
 * Darryl Hinds, actor and comedian
 * Penny Hodge, activist
 * Mark Holden, actor (Cyberpunk 2077, Captain Phillips, Deep State)
 * Adrian Holmes, actor
 * Jennifer Holness, film and television writer and producer
 * Nicole Holness, singer and broadcaster
 * Charmaine Hooper, soccer player; retired as leader in appearances and goals for the women's national team
 * Nalo Hopkinson, science fiction author
 * Jennifer Hosten, Canadian High Commissioner to Grenada and diplomat
 * Barry Howson, basketball player at the 1964 Summer Olympics
 * Frederick Langdon Hubbard, chair of the Toronto Transit Commission
 * William Peyton Hubbard, former Toronto alderman, controller and acting mayor
 * Jada Shada Hudson, drag entertainer
 * Kimberly Huie, actress
 * Mitzie Hunter, politician
 * Nate Husser, rapper
 * Atiba Hutchinson, professional footballer for Besiktas J.K.
 * Junior Hoilett

I

 * Israel Idonije, defensive end for the NFL's Chicago Bears
 * Marci Ien, politician, former CTV News journalist
 * Daniel Igali, Olympic gold medalist in wrestling (Sydney 2000)
 * Jarome Iginla, Hockey Hall of Fame inductee, NHL All-Star and Olympic gold medalist (Salt Lake 2002, Vancouver 2010)
 * Tony Ince, politician
 * Dionne Irving, writer
 * Orin Isaacs, bandleader (Open Mike with Mike Bullard, The Mike Bullard Show), musician and music producer
 * Tajja Isen, actress/singer (Atomic Betty)
 * Ayisha Issa, actress
 * Richard Iton, academic and writer

J

 * Albert Jackson, mailcarrier and first black mailman
 * John Henry Jackson, football player and restaurateur
 * Ovid Jackson, former Member of Parliament and former mayor of Owen Sound
 * Sammy Jackson, jazz and rhythm and blues singer
 * Ellyn Jade, actress and model
 * Angela James, professional hockey player and Hockey Hall of Fame inductee
 * Aurora James, fashion designer
 * Stephan James, actor
 * Yolande James, Quebec Minister of Immigration and Cultural Communities
 * Yazmeen Jamieson, professional soccer player
 * Sterling Jarvis, actor and musician
 * Yves Jarvis, musician
 * JayWood, musician
 * Michaëlle Jean, former broadcaster and former Governor General of Canada, the first mixed race person in Canadian history appointed to that position
 * Schelby Jean-Baptiste, actress
 * Jelleestone, rapper
 * Jemeni, singer and broadcaster
 * Ferguson Jenkins, baseball star and first Canadian elected to the (US) Baseball Hall of Fame
 * Marlene Jennings, politician
 * Harry Jerome, sprinter and first Canadian to hold an official track and field world record
 * Moe Jeudy-Lamour, actor
 * Jhyve, rhythm and blues singer
 * Aisha Sasha John, writer
 * Lyndon John X, reggae musician
 * Ben Johnson, Olympic sprinter disqualified in 1988 drug scandal
 * Chris Johnson, boxer
 * Clark Johnson, actor (Homicide: Life on the Street)
 * Hal Johnson, television health and fitness personality
 * Kirk Johnson, boxer
 * Louisa Ann Johnson, merchant and church supporter
 * Molly Johnson, rock and jazz vocalist
 * Rocky Johnson, professional wrestler
 * Taborah Johnson, singer, actor and radio broadcaster
 * Jordan Johnson-Hinds, actor
 * Denham Jolly, broadcast executive
 * El Jones, writer
 * Mark Jones, sportscaster for ESPN and ABC
 * Oliver Jones, jazz pianist
 * Paul Jones, sportscaster and Toronto Raptors radio play-by-play voice
 * Rocky Jones, politician and activist
 * Spider Jones, journalist and former boxer
 * Clifton Joseph, poet and broadcaster
 * Cory Joseph, NBA player
 * David Joseph, basketball coach and former college player
 * Devoe Joseph, professional basketball player
 * Akiel Julien, actor
 * Junia-T, rapper
 * Marie-Ève Juste, film director

K

 * K-Anthony, gospel singer
 * K'Naan, hip-hop musician and singer
 * k-os, hip-hop musician
 * Adria Kain, R&B singer
 * Evander Kane, professional ice hockey player
 * Tommy Kane, former NFL wide receiver
 * KAPRI, dance/pop singer
 * Aristote Kavungu, writer
 * Arielle Kayabaga, politician
 * Kaytranada, musician
 * Marlon Kazadi, actor
 * Hisham Kelati, comedian
 * Kaie Kellough, writer
 * Janaya Khan, activist
 * Kiara (Dimitri Nana-Côté), drag entertainer
 * Rawlson King, municipal politician in Ottawa
 * Nam Kiwanuka, television host and journalist
 * Maka Kotto, author and actor from Quebec elected to Canadian Parliament in 2004 (Bloc Québécois)
 * Pierre Kwenders, musician

L

 * Sonnet L'Abbé, poet and critic
 * Dany Laferrière, writer, elected to the Académie française
 * Artis Lane, sculptor and artist
 * Jonathan Langdon, actor
 * Sam Langford, former boxer
 * Georges Laraque, NHL player
 * Tobi Lark, jazz, blues and gospel singer
 * Cyle Larin, professional footballer playing for Besiktas J.K.
 * Richie Laryea
 * Mélissa Laveaux, musician
 * Olivier Le Jeune, believed to have been the first slave purchased in what later became Quebec
 * Karen LeBlanc, actress
 * Didier Leclair, writer
 * Ranee Lee, jazz singer
 * Michael Lee-Chin, business leader
 * Marie-Évelyne Lessard, actress
 * Sandra Levy, Olympic field hockey player
 * Alan Shane Lewis, comedian and television host
 * Andrea Lewis, actress (Degrassi: The Next Generation)
 * Daurene Lewis, first black woman mayor in North America
 * Glenn Lewis, R&B singer
 * Lennox Lewis, professional boxer (Olympic gold medallist and three-time heavyweight champion)
 * Leslyn Lewis, politician
 * Ray Lewis, first Canadian-born black person to win a medal in the Olympics
 * Sharon Lewis, journalist
 * Murray Lightburn, rock singer-songwriter (The Dears)
 * Laura Mae Lindo, politician
 * Travis Lindsay, comedian
 * Little X, director
 * Kay Livingstone, actress, broadcaster and activist
 * Marieme Lo (academic), professor of African Studies, Women and Gender Studies, and the School of Cities at the University of Toronto
 * Rich London, rapper
 * Gilson Lubin, comedian
 * Canisia Lubrin, writer
 * Nicole Lyn, actress

M

 * Kaycee Madu, Alberta MLA
 * Maestro, hip-hop musician, first Canadian rapper to have a Top 40 hit in Canada
 * Jamaal Magloire, NBA player
 * Atlee Mahorn, sprinter
 * Ahdri Zhina Mandiela, director
 * Egerton Marcus, boxer
 * Amanda Marshall, pop singer-songwriter
 * Yolanda T. Marshall, children's book author
 * Mike Marson, second black player in NHL history
 * Lesra Martin, crown attorney and speaker; in his youth was involved in freeing Rubin Carter
 * Russell Martin, MLB player
 * Boman "Bomanizer" Martinez-Reid, comedian and social media content creator
 * Beverly Mascoll, entrepreneur and community leader
 * Marie-Sœurette Mathieu, writer
 * Yasmine Mathurin, documentary filmmaker
 * Denise Matthews, former model, actress and lead singer of Vanity 6 turned evangelist
 * Rueben Mayes, former NFL player
 * Robyn Maynard, writer
 * Suzette Mayr, writer
 * Alexis Mazurin, CBC Radio host
 * Melchior Mbonimpa, writer
 * Tawiah M'carthy, writer and actor
 * Trent McClellan, comedian
 * Kandyse McClure, actress (Battlestar Galactica)
 * Elijah McCoy, origin of "the real McCoy", inventor
 * Howard McCurdy, Member of Parliament, first black male to run for the leadership of a political party (the federal New Democratic Party)
 * Jay W. McGee, musician
 * Wayne McGhie, musician
 * Yanna McIntosh, actress
 * Tony McKegney, NHL player
 * Berend McKenzie, writer
 * Kwame McKenzie, Psychiatrist and CEO Wellesley Institute
 * Katherine McKittrick, writer
 * Mark McKoy, Olympic gold medalist 110 m hurdles (Barcelona 1992)
 * Brandon Jay McLaren, actor (Power Rangers S.P.D.)
 * Kairo McLean, reggae musician
 * Tessa McWatt, novelist
 * Stella Meghie, film director and screenwriter
 * Marie-Françoise Mégie, politician
 * Traci Melchor, television personality
 * Don Meredith, politician
 * Mentallo, professional wrestler
 * Nega Mezlekia, writer
 * Haviah Mighty, rapper
 * Kim Katrin Milan, writer
 * Myst Milano, musician
 * Rollie Miles, CFL player
 * Shadrach Minkins, American-born fugitive slave rescued from federal custody in Boston in 1851 who settled in Montreal
 * Chris Moise, Toronto city councillor
 * Moka Only, rapper of the Swollen Members
 * Firmin Monestime, mayor of Mattawa, Ontario; first black mayor in Canada
 * Andrew Moodie, actor and playwright
 * Tanya Moodie, actress based in the United Kingdom
 * Roger Mooking, chef
 * Harrison Mooney, journalist and memoirist
 * Tracy Moore, journalist
 * Annmarie Morais, writer
 * Carlos Morgan, R&B/soul singer
 * Dwayne Morgan, spoken word artist
 * Vanessa Morgan, actress and singer (from Ottawa)
 * Amber Morley, Toronto city councillor
 * MorMor, musician
 * Paul S. Morton, pastor of St. Stephen Baptist Church in New Orleans, a church with over 20,000 members
 * Jamie Moses, politician
 * Aaron Albert Mossell, first black person to graduate from the University of Pennsylvania Law School
 * Nathan Francis Mossell, first black person to graduate from the University of Pennsylvania Medical School
 * Joseph Motiki, television host
 * Thamela Mpumlwana, actor
 * Sheila Murray, writer
 * Téa Mutonji, writer
 * Jamaal Myers, Toronto city councillor

N

 * Blaise Ndala, writer
 * Haydain Neale, R&B/soul singer (Jacksoul)
 * Ray Neufeld, former NHL player
 * Kathleen Newman-Bremang, writer and broadcaster
 * Carlos Newton, former mixed martial artist (UFC Welterweight Champion)
 * Andrew Nicholson, NBA player
 * Cecily Nicholson, poet
 * Darnell Nurse, NHL player
 * Kia Nurse, professional basketball player
 * Richard Nurse, former CFL player

O

 * Samuel Oghale Oboh, first person of African descent to be President of the 110-year old Royal Architectural Institute of Canada
 * OBUXUM, musician and record producer
 * David Nandi Odhiambo, writer
 * Charles Officer, film director
 * Kardinal Offishall, rapper
 * Lana Ogilvie, fashion model/TV hostess
 * Thomas Antony Olajide, actor
 * Donald Oliver, first black senator from Nova Scotia
 * Tolu Oloruntoba, poet
 * Willie O'Ree, first black hockey player in the National Hockey League
 * Gabriel Osson, writer
 * Milton Ottey, world champion high jumper
 * Ouri, electronic musician and DJ

P

 * Henri Pardo, filmmaker
 * Brenda Paris, activist and politician
 * John Paris Jr., hockey coach
 * Percy Paris, politician
 * Stuart Parker, leader of the Green Party of British Columbia 1993 to 2000
 * Amanda Parris, broadcaster and writer
 * PartyNextDoor, R&B singer
 * Annamie Paul, politician, leader of the Green Party of Canada, the first black leader of a federal party in Canada
 * Michaela Pereira, journalist
 * Kayla Perrin, writer
 * Jaime Peters, soccer player
 * Oscar Peterson, jazz pianist
 * Anthony Phelps, Haitian-Canadian writer
 * M. NourbeSe Philip, poet, novelist and essayist
 * Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips, Islamic scholar and founder of the Islamic Online University
 * Joseph Jomo Pierre, actor and playwright
 * Carmine Pierre-Dufour, filmmaker (Mahalia Melts in the Rain, Fanmi)
 * Shailyn Pierre-Dixon, actress
 * Burr Plato, town councillor for Niagara Falls (1886–1901)
 * poolblood, indie pop singer-songwriter
 * Juliette Powell, television host, first black Miss Canada (1989)
 * Rev. Richard Preston, anti-slavery activist and founder of African Baptist Association of Nova Scotia
 * Prevail, rapper of the Swollen Members
 * Chad Price, singer-songwriter
 * Althea Prince, writer
 * Garth Prince, children's entertainer
 * Dwayne Provo, Canadian Football League player

Q

 * Quanteisha, R&B singer
 * Quddus, MTV VJ

R

 * Rob Rainford, chef
 * Micheline Rawlins, first black woman appointed to the Ontario Court of Justice
 * Savannah Ré, singer
 * Pokey Reddick, Stanley Cup champion, Edmonton Oilers goalie
 * Zalika Reid-Benta, writer
 * Gloria Reuben, actress (ER)
 * Cabbie Richards, radio personality
 * Cara Ricketts, actress
 * Jayde Riviere, soccer player
 * Jackie Richardson, jazz, blues and gospel singer
 * Jael Richardson, writer
 * Kim Richardson, pop, jazz, blues and gospel singer
 * Bill Riley, third black player in NHL history
 * Charles Roach, Canadian civil rights lawyer; activist in the black community in Toronto; had many contributions to the wider community in Toronto, including being one of the founders of what was known as Caribana in 1967
 * Martin Roach, actor
 * Chris Robinson, actor and comedian
 * Karen Robinson, actress
 * Kenny Robinson, stand-up comedian, TV host
 * Percy Rodriguez, actor
 * George Rogers, former mayor of Leduc, Alberta, current MLA for the riding of Leduc-Beaumont-Devon
 * Michelle Ross, drag entertainer
 * Ronnie Rowe, actor
 * RT!, director
 * Calvin Ruck, senator
 * Donovan "Razor" Ruddock, professional boxer
 * Kudakwashe Rutendo, actress
 * Sam Richardson, Canadian athlete

S

 * Shakura S'Aida, jazz and blues singer
 * Rodney Saint-Éloi, poet
 * Kwasi Songui, actor
 * Beverley Salmon, politician
 * Liselle Sambury, writer
 * Samito, musician
 * Lance "Aquakultre" Sampson, soul and R&B musician
 * Chris Sandiford, actor and comedian
 * Robert Edison Sandiford, writer
 * Sarahmée, rapper
 * Yolanda Sargeant, soul singer
 * Mairuth Sarsfield, novelist
 * SATE, rock singer
 * Charles R. Saunders, writer
 * John Saunders, sports journalist for ESPN and ABC
 * Mark Saunders, chief of the Toronto Police Service
 * Sterling Scott, comedian
 * Alison Sealy-Smith, actress
 * Jasmine Sealy, writer
 * Djanet Sears, playwright
 * Sagine Sémajuste, actress
 * Olive Senior, poet and short story writer
 * Shad, hip hop musician
 * Mary Ann Shadd, first female newspaper publisher
 * Jackie Shane, R&B singer
 * Jairus Sharif, jazz musician
 * Tony Sharpe, sprinter
 * Lisa Shaw, house and R&B/soul singer
 * David Shepherd, politician
 * Anthony Sherwood, actor
 * Simisola Shittu (born 1999), British-born Canadian basketball player for Ironi Ness Ziona of the Israeli Basketball Premier League
 * Liberty Silver, R&B and jazz singer
 * Makeda Silvera, novelist
 * Angela Simmonds, politician
 * Wayne Simmonds, NHL player for the Toronto Maple Leafs
 * Denis Simpson, actor and children's television host
 * Dylan Sinclair, rhythm and blues singer
 * Eon Sinclair, bassist (Bedouin Soundclash)
 * Shawn Singleton, actor/musician
 * Zal Sissokho, musician
 * Skiifall, rapper
 * Slakah the Beatchild, soul/R&B singer and record producer
 * Makyla Smith, actress
 * So Sus, electronic musician
 * Frances-Anne Solomon, film producer, director, distributor
 * Spek Won, rapper
 * Chris Spence, director of education of the Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board and then the Toronto District School Board, previously a CFL running back
 * Tony "Wild T" Springer, blues rock guitarist
 * Donna-Michelle St. Bernard, theatre director and playwright
 * Benjamin St-Juste, American football player
 * Paul Stalteri
 * Tank Standing Buffalo, artist and animator
 * Erroll Starr, musician
 * Gavin Stephens, comedian
 * Ordena Stephens-Thompson, actress
 * Anthony Stewart, NHL player with the Florida Panthers
 * Chris Strikes, filmmaker
 * Jordan Subban, professional ice hockey defenceman
 * Malcolm Subban, professional ice hockey goaltender
 * P. K. Subban, NHL ice hockey defenceman
 * Cree Summer, actress, singer, and comedian
 * Bruny Surin, Olympic gold medalist 4x100 relay (1996 Atlanta)
 * David (Sudz) Sutherland, director
 * Robert Sutherland, first black lawyer in Canada
 * Michelle Sweeney, jazz and blues singer
 * Sylvia Sweeney, television broadcaster and former basketball player

T

 * Tamia, R&B singer and actress
 * Tasha the Amazon, rapper
 * Bobby Taylor and his band, The Vancouvers, a popular Motown act who were instrumental in getting The Jackson 5 signed to the label and produced the earliest Jackson 5 records
 * Dione Taylor, jazz singer
 * Julian Taylor, rock musician (Staggered Crossing)
 * Tamara Taylor, actress (Bones)
 * Angella Taylor-Issajenko, sprinter
 * Tebey, country and pop songwriter and singer
 * Angeline Tetteh-Wayoe, radio personality
 * Kai Thomas, writer
 * Ralph Thomas, activist and former amateur boxer
 * Tremaine Thomas, film and television hairstylist and wig designer
 * Michael Thompson, current Toronto city councillor
 * Nicholas Marcus Thompson, human rights advocate
 * Tristan Thompson, NBA player
 * Thrust, rapper
 * TiKA, R&B singer
 * Tizzo, rapper
 * Töme, reggae musician
 * Asha Tomlinson, journalist
 * Thyrone Tommy, filmmaker
 * Tory Lanez, hip hop musician
 * Laurie Townshend, filmmaker
 * Yanic Truesdale, actor (Gilmore Girls)
 * Kreesha Turner, R&B singer

U

 * Louise Uwacu, writer

V

 * Vanity, performer
 * Kevin Vidal, comedian and actor
 * Christian Vincent, actor (Noah's Arc)
 * Jon Vinyl, R&B/soul singer
 * Nerene Virgin, CBC anchor of Saturday Report, Newsworld, Newsworld International, co-star of Today's Special
 * Clement Virgo, director

W

 * Rinaldo Walcott, professor and Canada Research Chair at OISE/University of Toronto
 * Abraham Beverley Walker, first Canadian-born black lawyer
 * Carol Wall, social activist and labour leader
 * Dwight Walton, former Team Canada Basketball player
 * Joel Ward, NHL player
 * John Ware, former slave, Alberta cowboy
 * Syrus Marcus Ware, artist, activist and professor
 * Damian Warner, Olympian
 * Mark Warner, lawyer and politician
 * Jackie Washington, blues musician
 * Bahia Watson, actress and playwright
 * Benjamin Charles Watson, actor
 * Dawn Tyler Watson, blues singer
 * The Weeknd, R&B singer-songwriter
 * Kevin Weekes, NHL goalie
 * Wesli, musician
 * Juanita Westmoreland-Traoré, first appointed black judge in the history of Quebec
 * Bill White, musician and political candidate
 * Jack White, union activist
 * Portia White, gospel singer
 * William A. White, only black officer of the No. 2 Construction Battalion
 * Dwight Whylie, journalist
 * Andrew Wiggins, NBA player with the Golden State Warriors
 * Aileen Williams, activist and founding member of the Canadian Women's Negro Association (CANEWA)
 * Charmaine Williams, politician
 * Desai Williams, sprinter
 * Genelle Williams, actress
 * Ian Williams, poet and novelist
 * Michael Williams, MuchMusic VJ
 * Nigel Shawn Williams, actor
 * Odario Williams, broadcaster and musician
 * Stephen Williams, director
 * Tonya Lee Williams, longtime actress on The Young and the Restless
 * Trevor C. Williams, former Team Canada Basketball player
 * Tyrone Williams, former CFL and NFL wide receiver
 * Nigel Wilson, baseball player (first draft pick by the Florida Marlins, 2nd overall, in the 1992 Expansion Draft)
 * Paul Winn, human rights activist, director of Canadian Race Relations Foundation, former television personality
 * Mary Matilda Winslow, first black female graduate of the University of New Brunswick
 * Maurice Dean Wint, actor
 * Ken Wiwa, journalist and author, and son of executed Nigerian political prisoner Ken Saro-Wiwa
 * WondaGurl, record producer
 * Daniel Woodrow, comedian
 * Peter Worrell, NHL player

Y

 * Kevin Yarde, television meteorologist and politician
 * D'bi Young, dub poet
 * Marcia Young, CBC Radio broadcaster and host of The World This Hour
 * Tony "Master T" Young, MuchMusic
 * Hannan Younis, actress and comedian

title: List of Black Canadians


text:
Edwin McClellan

Edwin McClellan (24 October 1925 – 27 April 2009) was a British Japanologist, teacher, writer, translator and interpreter of Japanese literature and culture.

Biography
McClellan was born in Kobe, Japan in 1925 to a Japanese mother, Teruko Yokobori and a British father who worked for Lever Brothers in Japan. His mother and older brother died when he was two. Bilingual from birth and educated at the Canadian Academy in Kobe, McClellan and his father were repatriated to Britain in 1942 aboard the Tatsuta Maru, a passenger liner requisitioned by the Imperial Japanese Navy to repatriate British nationals from throughout Southeast Asia.

In London, McClellan taught Japanese at the School of Oriental and African Studies as part of the war effort. At 18, he joined the Royal Air Force, hoping to become a fighter pilot, but his fluency in Japanese made him more useful to Allied intelligence. He spent the years 1944–1947 in Washington, D.C. and at Langley Air Force Base in Maryland, analyzing intercepted Japanese communications.

In 1948, he went to the University of St. Andrews, where he earned a degree in British history and met his future wife, Rachel Elizabeth Pott. At St. Andrews he also met the noted political theorist Russell Kirk, who took him on as his graduate student at Michigan State University. Two years later, McClellan transferred to the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago to work with classicist David Grene and economist and philosopher Friedrich von Hayek. McClellan appealed to Hayek to write his doctoral dissertation on the novelist Natsume Sōseki, whose work was much admired in Japan but unknown in the West. To persuade Hayek of Sōseki's importance as a writer and interpreter of Japanese modernity, McClellan translated Sōseki's novel Kokoro into English. McClellan's definitive translation of Kokoro was published in 1957.

Awarded his doctorate in 1957, McClellan taught English at Chicago until 1959 when he was asked to create a program in Japanese studies, housed in the university's Oriental Institute. He became full professor and founding chair of the Department of Far Eastern Languages and Civilizations in 1965 and later was made the Carl Darling Buck Professor. In 1972, he moved to Yale University and served as chair of the Department of East Asian Languages and Literature 1973–1982 and 1988–1991. He was appointed as the Sumitomo Professor of Japanese Studies in 1979, the first chair at a U.S. university to be endowed by a Japanese sponsor. In 1999, McClellan was named a Sterling Professor, Yale's highest professorial honor.

McClellan was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1977. In 1998 he was honored by the Japanese government with the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon. His other major awards include the Kikuchi Kan Prize (菊池寛賞) for literature in 1994, the Noma Prize for literary translation in 1995 and the Association for Asian Studies Award for Distinguished Contributions to Asian Studies in 2005.

In addition to his committee work at Chicago and Yale, McClellan served on the board of the Council for International Exchange of Scholars (CIES), the American Advisory Committee of the Japan Foundation, the American Oriental Society, the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), the editorial board of the Journal of Japanese Studies and visiting committees in East Asian studies at Harvard and Princeton.

His publications include translations of novels by Natsume Sōseki (in addition to Kokoro, Grass on the Wayside) and Shiga Naoya (A Dark Night's Passing); the translation of a memoir by Yoshikawa Eiji; a book of essays, Two Japanese Novelists: Soseki and Toson; and a biography of 19th-century Japanese "bluestocking" Shibue Io, Woman in a Crested Kimono.

A festschrift published in his honor by the University of Michigan Center for Japanese Studies, notes: "Among McClellan's students his seminars have become lore. ... The depth and breadth of readings these seminars required were a revolution in pedagogy when McClellan first began them over 20 years ago; and they continue to represent an ideal of graduate training in the field. ... He taught his students to ask the most fundamental questions about the literary imagination: how language functions within the history of literary forms and in the context of society, history, politics and the existential yearnings of a singular imagination."

McClellan remained a British citizen until his death. His wife, Rachel, died in January 2009.

Festschrift
A festschrift was published in his honor by the University of Michigan Center for Japanese Studies. The 16 critical essays and selected modern period translations were compiled to demonstrate the high standards set by Professor McClellan. The contributors' work was intended to acknowledge the esteem McClellan earned as teacher and mentor.

 * Alan Tansman and Dennis Washburn. (1997). Studies in Modern Japanese Literature: Essays and Translations in Honor of Edwin McClellan. Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan. ISBN 0-939512-84-X (cloth)

The McClellan Visiting Fellowship in Japanese Studies at Yale was inaugurated in 2000 by the Council on East Asian Studies in honor of Edwin McClellan, who was the Sterling Professor Emeritus of Japanese Literature.

Honors and awards

 * 1977 – American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
 * 1994 – Kikuchi Kan Prize
 * 1995 – Noma Prize, Literary Translation Prize
 * 1998 – Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon, 1998.
 * 2005 – Association for Asian Studies (AAS), Award for Distinguished Contributions to Asian Studies

Published work

 * 1969 – Two Japanese Novelists: Soseki and Toson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-55652-9
 * _____. (1971) Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8048-3340-0
 * 1985 – Woman in the Crested Kimono : The Life of Shibue Io and Her Family Drawn from Mori Ōgai's 'Shibue Chusai'. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-04618-2

Translations

 * Natsume Sōseki. (1957). Kokoro. Chicago: Regnery Gateway. ISBN 0-89526-715-2
 * _____. (1957). Kokoro... ISBN 978-0-8092-6095-9
 * _____. (1967). Kokoro... ISBN 978-0-89526-951-5
 * _____. (1992). Kokoro. Lanham, Maryland: National Book Network. ISBN 0-8191-8248-6
 * _____. (1996). Kokoro... ISBN 978-0-89526-715-3
 * _____. (2002). Kokoro... ISBN 1-57646-585-3
 * _____. (2006). Kokoro... ISBN 0-486-45139-9
 * _____. (2007). Kokoro. London: Peter Owen Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7206-1297-4
 * Natsume Sōseki. (1969). Grass on the Wayside. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-76831-1
 * _____. (1990). Grass on the Wayside. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Center for Japanese Studies. ISBN 978-0-939512-45-4
 * Shiga Naoya. (1976) A Dark Night's Passing. Tokyo: Kodansha. ISBN 978-0-87011-279-9 and ISBN 978-0-87011-362-8
 * Yoshikawa Eiji. (1993). Fragments of a Past: A Memoir. Tokyo: Kodansha. ISBN 978-4-7700-1732-1 (cloth) and ISBN 978-4-7700-2064-2 (paper)

title: Edwin McClellan


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= Anne Hume Livingston =

Born February 24, 1763 to Dr. William Shippen, Jr. and Alice (Lee) Shippen. Died August 23, 1841 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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User:Homunq

My first language is English, I speak Spanish fluently (though not perfectly), and I have some understanding of French, Kaqchikel, and Tzotzil. I live in Guatemala. I feel qualified to contribute to Wikipedia (though not a true expert) in high-energy physics (standard model), neurolinguistics (and related), mesoamerica (mayan) history and current events, and voting systems, as well as translating and general editing. You could find out my real name if you wanted to, and I don't mind, but please don't use it here on Wikipedia.

I did a lot of work on the following table on voting system. Here's a version with SODA, for when I manage to publish in a reliable source about that method.

"Yes/No", in a column which covers two related criteria, signifies that the given system passes the first criterion and not the second one.

title: User:Homunq