text:
Film Scoring

 * Please go to The new combined film scoring course

This course requires GarageBand. GarageBand is inexpensive, easy to use, yet powerful enough to do film scoring. GarageBand '08 is a small but terrific improvement over the previous versions. This course is for high school and college students who already make their own motion pictures.

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Course Film scoring intro for non-musicians Click here to see other courses

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Film Scoring Lessons For Filmmakers

 * Designed for filmmakers
 * Here is a series of lessons in film scoring for anyone who wants to create music for motion pictures but is not a musician. If you are a musician or have any musical skill, go to Film Scoring For Musicians.

 * This course is only for filmmakers who want to add music to their motion pictures. Filmmakers should send me a sample scene that they have created before they begin this course.

 * Currently, the Film Scoring For Musicians Course is more complete. If at all possible, please take that course.

Requirements

 * 1. Apple's GarageBand (required)
 * This course uses Apple's GarageBand 3.

 * I have not found anything easier, faster, and high quality than GarageBand.   GarageBand works on both the Intel Macintosh PC and the old G5 Macintosh computers.

 * 2. Symphony orchestra instruments (required - select one or more)

 * You should also have some of the following :

 * Apple's Jam Pack:Symphony Orchestra which creates many of the sounds of a symphony orchestra. Highly recommended by your instructor.

 * Free → Fitch Cello package for GarageBand which is available for for downloading.

 * Free → Ben Boldt's instrument package for GarageBand called "Boldt 24-Pack"

 * Free → Ben Boldt's instrument package for GarageBand called "Boldt 24-Pack - Volume II"

 * WARNING - Not recommended
 * MOTU Symphonic Instruments works with GarageBand but I do not recommend it. This package is awkward to use with GarageBand.  Unless you have a special reason, do not buy this package to use with GarageBand.  Even MOTU does not promote this package for use with GarageBand.  Only the Guitar Center promotes this package for use with GarageBand which I feel is a mistake.

 * No acoustic loops
 * Note : In this course, we do NOT use acoustic loops. Loops are wonderful for documentaries, corporate video, event video and multimedia but never for narrative motion pictures. Midi loops are OK but with acoustic loops, you cannot modify (simplify or change notes) the music which makes is useless for dramatic scenes.

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Ideal student for this course

 * Musical sound effects - The ideal student for these lessons is a filmmaker who likes to make sound effects on the piano which match the action of the movie.

 * Computer nerd - This course uses a lot of software so it helps to be a bit of a computer nerd.

Start here!
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 * To begin the course
 * Start with the first lesson by clicking here.

 * }

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The theory course in a nutshell

 * Here is the entire course abbreviated :

 * Film scoring for filmmakers (the theory)
 * Filmmakers can simply create moods for their movies. They do not need a complete film score.  This course shows you the shortcuts.

 * The sources of music
 * There are five sources of music in a scene :

 * 1) The melody in the actors' spoken words
 * 2) Sound effects (because they have pitch and rhythm)
 * 3) Narrative music which tells a story
 * 4) Background music to enhance the mood of the scene
 * 5) Songs

 * Your music is important
 * Actors in modern (more realistic) motion pictures do not have melodic speaking voices. A song has only one mood.  Therefore, you must rely on narrative music and background music to create the mood and help tell the story.

 * Music by filmmakers
 * Filmmakers can create the moods for their movies by using :

 * 1) Individual notes or chords
 * 2) Delicate rhythms (think tiny bells)
 * 3) Simple melodies

 * Filmmakers who are not musician can get all of these elements from the MIDI files of classical music created before 1923. By taking fragments from the classics, you get excellent sounding music that will create the moods for your motion pictures.

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The lessons in this course

 * Here is a summary of all the lessons of this course :

The basic theory

 * The lesson on film scoring theory gives you the background info on music in motion pictures.

Pop quiz

 * To help you understand about narrative music, take this fun "Musical Pop Quiz" [[Image:Nuvola apps juk.png|32px]] - 4 points.

 * Note: Narrative music often requires special film editing so the narrative music and the dialog will not overlap. The film editor must add gaps between the dialog for the narrative music.  You don't have to do this for soft background music but you must do it for narrative music because it is so loud.

--

Step 1 - Single notes

 * Musical effects can be created with just single note. As a sample exercise, you need to learn to create a mood of fear with a single musicial note (or a single chord) by using GarageBand with one of the many violin trills from Jam Pack:Symphony Orchestra or with the Boldt Starp Strings from Boldt 24 Pack.

 * Once you have created this sound of fear from a single note or chord, please send me your project file or your audio file for this sound.  (10 points)

--

Step 2 - Delicate rhythms

 * Musical effects can be created by delicate rhythms (but not drums.) As a sample exercise, I want you to use tiny bells or a harp to create a fast, repeating rhythm that sounds extremely happy.  This is the sound of joy.

 * Once you have created this sound of joy from a rapid rhythm of tiny bells or harp, please send me your project file or your audio file. (10 points)

--

Step 3 - Tiny melodies

 * Musical effects can be created with simple melodies. As an exercise, I want you to create a dramatic feeling.  Then create other simple tunes that tell a story or create a feeling.

 * Once you have created a very dramatic mood using a melody, please send me your project file or your audio file.  (10 points)

--

Step 4 - Butchering MIDI files

 * For filmmakers, the greatest source of musical sounds is midi files. But extracting notes from midi files of music created before 1923, you can get the masters to create the three kinds of musical sound effects you need for your motion pictures.
 * Once you have created a very dramatic mood using a melody, please send me your project file or your audio file.  (10 points)

--

Step 5 - Write a film score

 * Finally, use the points you have earned to purchase the disk called "Blindman's Production" from the Star Movie Shop. Then use the music you have created in steps 1, 2 and 3 as the film score for this scene.  You will be surprised how well this works!

 * You will need the sound of fear (when the blind man trips over the box), the sound of joy when the man and woman hold hands and dramatic melodies to explain that the man is blind.

 * Send me your project file or your audio file or your complete movie of the scene when you are done with this assignment. (20 points)

--

Start now

 * Go ahead and begin. You don't have to read the lessons to begin. If you have problems, go to the individual lessons for more detail.  These are the Theory of film scoring, the sound of Fear, the sound of Joy, the sound of Drama and the Film scoring workshop.  Otherwise, once you have completed the steps above, you are finished with this course.

 * }

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The next page

 * Start with the theory of film scoring. Click here to begin.

 * }

(aka. Film Scoring Introduction)

site map

title: Film Scoring


text:
Ion Tănăsescu (surgeon)

Ion Tănăsescu (September 1, 1875 – January 25, 1954) was a Romanian surgeon and anatomist.

Born in Fălticeni, he began high school in his native town, but later moved to Iași, graduating in 1896. From that year until 1902, he studied medicine at the University of Iași; his thesis dealt with hydrocele and its treatment. Upon graduating, he performed his military service in a Roșiori cavalry regiment. In 1903, he left for Paris, where he attended the surgical clinics of professors Henri Albert Hartmann, Théodore Tuffier, and Paul Poirier. Working in the latter's anatomical laboratory, his aptitude was quickly noticed and he was selected to prepare the dissection specimens that the professor used in his courses. During this period, Tănăsescu published a number of works on anatomy that showed his meticulousness as a researcher and wish to explore more obscure areas.

Upon his return from Paris in 1907, he was named surgical assistant at the clinic led by Leon Sculy Logothetides. After passing an examination and going through a competition, he was hired as a professor at the Iași anatomy department. In 1912, when Ernest Juvara left for the national capital Bucharest, he was named professor of topographic anatomy and clinical surgery. The following year, when the department was split, Tănăsescu remained in the surgery field, and continued as professor until he was obliged to retire in 1940. Both in the Second Balkan War and in World War I, he served as a combat medic. In 1933, as a result of his efforts, the clinical surgery palace at Sfântul Spiridon Hospital was completed, and one of the country's most modern surgery departments moved into the new building. From 1930 to 1935, he was dean of the medical faculty, and was elected rector in 1938, serving until 1940. He died in Bucharest in 1954.

Alongside his prodigious publishing activity, Tănăsescu was president of the Iași doctors' and naturalists' society from 1914 to 1920 and corresponding member of the Société Nationale de Chirurgie from 1929. He also belonged to the International Society of Surgery. Considered the founder of modern surgery in the Moldavia region, a number of his students became both prominent anatomists and surgeons. The latter group included Nicolae Hortolomei, Vladimir Buțureanu, and Gheorghe Chipail.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ion Tănăsescu (surgeon)


text:
Talk:Soundarya

Untitled
What is the point of having the picture so big? On other articles the pictures are of a reasonable size. (Shakirfan 22:55, 20 March 2006 (UTC))

I've removed the following section, which needs rewriting, referencing, and integrating with the rest of the article. It doesn't need a section of its own.

Personal life
Soundarya (known as Soumya to close family members) was born in the Ashtagrama villages and was a Tamil Iyer Brahmin. She married her maternal uncle and childhood friend, software engineer G. S. Raghu on 27,April, 2003. She had great dreams of promoting public welfare during her lifetime. At the time of her death, she was about to produce and act in a film titled 'Kamli', directed by K.N.T Sastry. Her wishes of funding welfare activities are being fulfilled by her husband and sister-in-law through the Amara Soundarya Social and Educational Trust [ASSET]. She has developed the entire village of Gangigunte [her native village], Mulabagal Taluk, in the Kolar district of Karnataka. Soundarya maintained an orphanage. Presently, it is being maintained by her relatives. In addition, the school, AMARA SOUNDARYA VIDYALAYA, is maintained by her trust and her own home is now being used as a school. There are many ideas and concepts that were dreamt and thought by Soundarya and her brother Amarnath for the welfare of the society, being fulfilled by Soundarya's husband and Soundarya's sister-in-law Nirmala using ASSET. She had adopted some educational institutions and given funding for so many educational institutions and their family is continuing funding for educational institutions.

I've moved the following section here. See the list of nominees and winners of Filfare awards here Filmfare Nominees and Winners - it doesn't bear out the claims for Filmfare.

Pl change her dob its wrong, actual dob is 18 july 1976...pl change this immediately...amautomatically big fan of her... Mooninj (talk) 17:23, 23 May 2019 (UTC)

Awards
She received 6 Filmfare awards for: Ammoru (1994), Anthapuram (1998), Raja (1999), Dweepa (2002) (2 awards as best actress and best producer), Aaptamitra (2004). Karnataka State Award in 1998-99 (Doni Saagali). Nandi Award given by Andra Pradesh Government (Ammoru, Pavitra Bandhanam and Antahpuram). Not just as an actress but was also a producer for Dweepa directed by Girish Kasaravalli bagged the Swarna Kamal award. After the death of her father, her brother Amarnath looked after all her assignments Unfortunately both sister and brother died in this accident.

I love him
I love him Ashish dhalani (talk) 21:26, 15 January 2018 (UTC)

Soundharya actress date of birth wrong
P Mooninj (talk) 17:14, 23 May 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 21 July 2019
Ramsou8 (talk) 19:55, 21 July 2019 (UTC) Soundarya's date of borth is wrong

I would like to ask someone to change her date of birth. Her DOB is 1976 July 18th, but in wikipedia its showing July 18th 1971.. I am unable to edit it... Ramsou8 (talk) 19:59, 21 July 2019 (UTC)

 * Yellow check.svg Partly done: Changed to July 18, 1972 per IMDB and India Times sources. Highway 89 (talk) 20:26, 21 July 2019 (UTC)

DOB is wrong
Correct dob is 18th july 1976 not 1972...so, pl chnge this...its my humble request to u Mooninj (talk) 16:55, 14 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Well, the sources here clarifies that she was born in 1972. If you have different sources which states her dob as 1976 you are free to add request or make change to the article. Tolly  4  bolly  03:23, 15 August 2019 (UTC)

About the image

 * Kindly do not undo the recent edit regarding the image replacement. You should consider the reasons for that. The file was there in the article for about 8 years and too large to be under fair use policy. So it was replaced by the new image considering the size and providing some change to the readers to see the other image of the actress in Wiki article. Hope it's conveyed. RegardsNinadMysuru (talk) 14:18, 4 December 2020 (UTC)

Birth year 1972 or 1976
Sources that support birth year as 1972
 * The Economic Times (updated 18 Apr 2004)
 * The Guardian obituary (10 May 2004)
 * BBC report (7 Apr 2004)
 * The New Indian Express (9 April 2009)
 * The Hans India (13 Oct 2020)
 * Sakshi (21 Jun 2021)

Only, The Times of India's slideshow seems to be an outlier here. Thoughts? -- Ab207 (talk) 06:08, 31 July 2021 (UTC)

 * I found some more sources, primarily searching in the List of newspapers in India which are published in English.
 * Sources that support 1972
 * The Telegraph (17 April 2004)
 * The Hindu (18 April 2004)
 * The Indian Express (18 April 2004)
 * The Tribune (17/18 April 2004)
 * Hindustan Times (11 May 2005)
 * Rediff (16 May 2012)
 * Business Standard (4 December 2013)
 * The New Indian Express (4 December 2013)
 * The Free Press Journal (2 December 2017)
 * Deccan Herald (12 June 2020)
 * News 18 Telugu (17 April 2021)
 * Sources that support 1976
 * Rediff (3 September 2009)
 * Notes: For some reason, Rediff wrote two conflicting dates. Calculating DoB from age is always tricky, or is it 1971? The Organiser (magazine) is blacklisted and hence I couldn't post that link. -- DaxServer (talk) 14:25, 31 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Another note to @Yamaguchi先生, is it possible to ask the IP, who claimed to be a relative, to email OTRS about the proof of 1976 birth? Also, would that OTRS ticket number serve as citation? -- DaxServer (talk) 14:30, 31 July 2021 (UTC)
 * I knew that there were some sources that conflicted with the Times of India information, but it's usually a very reliable source, and when the IP posted and her post agreed with TOI I just figured that the other sources were getting their information from Wikipedia. I didn't think there were that many that had the 1972 date.  Clearly, some of those sources are WP:TERTIARY and possibly should be removed.
 * Regardless, I think the best thing to do for now would be to remove the birth date altogether until this can be sorted out. I'm a little hesitant to contact the IP because I've found that in most cases when they say they are a relative or a friend or something like that, it's usually "wishful thinking" on their part.  Also, we don't really know if the subject of the article had her own version of her birthdate that she used for publicity purposes.  Is there any old archived social media where we can see what the subject herself has said her birthdate is? — Johnnie Bob (talk) 16:45, 31 July 2021 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't call The Times of India a "very reliable source" (WP:TOI); infact, we have deprecated the use of TOI bio pages at WP:ICTF where they publish fake and fabricated information. Since many of the sources that say 1972 (or 1971) are published before the wikipedia article was created, they can't be disregarded. I think we can accomodate both the years in the article per WP:NPOV instead of removing them, until there's any conclusive evidence one way or the other. -- Ab207 (talk) 14:05, 1 August 2021 (UTC)
 * , I guess I would have no objection to including both dates, as long as the explanation is clear why there are two dates listed.
 * BUT, getting back to the reliability concern regarding TOI, the latest guidance posted the main WP:ICTF project page says they are reliable (see WP:ICTF). I would have never found that discussion thread you refer to and I would venture that most other editors probably wouldn't either.  Perhaps the guideline on the main discussion page regarding TOI should be revised. Johnnie Bob (talk) 20:01, 1 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Added both the years per the above discussion, please review the edit and make any changes if needed. -- Ab207 (talk) 20:38, 1 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Soundarya


text:
afekt

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  affection, affect

Etymology 1
..

Noun

 * 1)  affection, affect
 * 2)  affection, love
 * 3)  affect, desire
 * 4)  internal or psychological disturbance
 * 5)  passage of text directed towards a reader's or listener's emotions
 * 1)  internal or psychological disturbance
 * 2)  passage of text directed towards a reader's or listener's emotions
 * 1)  passage of text directed towards a reader's or listener's emotions
 * 1)  passage of text directed towards a reader's or listener's emotions

Adjective

 * 1)  kind

Etymology 2
See.

Noun

 * 1) affect

title: afekt


text:
Mustapha Allouch

Mustapha Allouch (born 24 July 1958) is a Lebanese politician and a former member of the Lebanese Parliament. He represented the constituency of Tripoli from 2005 until 2009 as a member of the Future Movement and is known as vocal member of the March 14 Alliance.

Early life
Allouch was born and raised in Tripoli, Lebanon. Son of Mohamad (Abu Mustapha) Allouch, a merchant and a political activist, Mustapha Allouch spent the early years of his life in Bab El Tabbaneh. As a teenager, before the start of the Lebanese Civil War, he was active in various Marxist and Arab Nationalist movements and fought in the first two years of the Civil War alongside the Palestinian Liberation Organization.

Disillusioned with the violence of the civil war, Allouch enrolled at the American University of Beirut (AUB) in premedical sciences after briefly studying Law in France. In 1985, Allouch earned his M.D. from AUB and was married to his wife, with whom he has since had three children. In 1991, he completed his residency in general surgery at the American University of Beirut Hospital during which he served as the chief resident. He subsequently participated in a Transplant Surgery Fellowship at the University of Miami which he completed before returning to Lebanon and specifically Tripoli in 1993.

Political career
Allouch has been an active member of the Future Movement since 1997 and after a strong performance in the 2004 municipal election of Tripoli where he garnered the highest number of votes, he was sought a parliamentary seat in the 2005 parliamentary elections. He ran on the Future movement ticket as part of the March 14 Alliance in the aftermath of Prime Minister Rafic Hariri’s assassination. He represented the district of Tripoli in Parliament from 2005 to 2009. In the summer of 2006, Allouch radically opposed positions and actions of Hezbollah that led to the 2006 Lebanon War between the militant group and Israel. Since then, Allouch continues to staunchly oppose Hezbollah and criticizes their close connection and allegiance to Iran. At the same time, he is known for his criticism of religious fundamentalism in Lebanon and is often criticized by his more conservative peers in the Future Movement for his strong support for civil laws and the separation of state from religious institutions.

Allouch is also criticized by leftists and progressives in Lebanon about belonging to a center-right party in the Future Movement, however Allouch is known to actively champion social democratic and progressive ideals within his party and the March 14 Alliance.

He becomes Vice-President of the Al Hurriya Liberal Network in March 2021.

Miscellaneous
Allouch publishes columns regularly in the daily newspapers Al-Mustaqbal and Al Joumhouria.

During his time at AUB, Allouch was an active member of the Judo club. He participated in many tournaments and was the champion of Lebanon in his weight class on several occasions. In 1986, he represented Lebanon in an International Judo Championship held in France. He has achieved 6th Dan (Shodan) in Judo.

title: Mustapha Allouch


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Jehovah's Witnesses/Tasks

 * Open tasks:
 * Improve our top-importance articles and  high-importance articles.

 * Needing attention:
 * Divine Name in the New Testament

 * Improve:
 * Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs - to Good Article status

 * Items inactive for too long can be removed


text:
Civ/Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri/Unit Construction

Alpha Centauri features a Unit Design Workshop which is very flexible in comparison to other Civ games. For each unit, the workshop presents you with choices for each of a unit's weapon (attack strength), armor (defense strength), chassis (speed and terrain movement), reactor (hit points and build cost), and up to two special abilities (but only one until the discovery of Neural Grafting).

Unit Cost
Unit cost is calculated using the following formula:

C = W * (A + S) * 10 / (2 ^ (R + 1))

Where: C is the total unit cost in Minerals; W is the unit's Weapon value (Equipment for non-combat units); A is the unit's Armor value; S is the unit's Speed expressed in move points; R is the unit's Reactor value.

It can be determined that units with a high value in all three areas (Weapon, Armor and Speed) will be much more expensive than units with a high value in just two. Therefore, it is advantageous to design your units for specific tasks rather than attempting to create all-round utility units. For example: a unit built for defending a base will need a high Armor value, but has little use for heavy Weapons or a high Speed, while for an attacker, a powerful Weapon is tantamount to effectiveness, while Armor may not be as important (the idea being that your opponent will be destroyed before they have a chance to fire back).

The basic unit cost formula is subject to several modifiers:
 * Weapon value may never be less than half the unit's Armor value
 * Final cost is halved for units with a Speed of 1
 * Armor value is halved when calculating the cost of sea units, and the final cost is halved again
 * Armor value is doubled when calculating the cost of any air unit; the final cost is quartered for combat air units
 * Add 25% to final cost for each unit of Special Ability cost
 * Add 10 Minerals if both Weapon and Armor values are greater than 1
 * Add another 10 Minerals if Weapon, Armor and Speed values are all greater than 1
 * Cmin = (R * 2 – R / 2) * 10 where Cmin is the unit's minimum final cost.

Chassis
The chassis is the most important part of the unit. It will determine where it can go (land/sea/air), how fast it goes, and what weapons or equipment it may use.

'Copter

 * Prerequisite: Mind/Machine Interface
 * Speed: 10
 * Terrain: air

The 'copter is like the needlejet, except that it can survive running out of fuel in a space without a city or airbase. Instead of being destroyed outright, it simply crash-lands, taking some damage. The 'copter can also attack as many times per turn as it has fuel remaining; however, attacking with the last unit of fuel will result in the unit crash-landing. Care must be taken when assigning go-to commands to a 'copter, as they will always end their turn upon entering a friendly base square, regardless of how many moves they have left. They are unique among non-land units in that they can blitz, or attack multiple times per turn.

Cruiser

 * Prerequisite: Doctrine: Initiative
 * Speed: 6 (8 with Maritime Control)
 * Terrain: Water

The cruiser is the ultimate transport unit. When fully upgraded, it can carry up to 16 units! In addition, it has the most movement points of any sea unit. Ideal for large maps, and long range transportation.

For warships, it may be better to buy the cheaper foil, unless of course, the distance from your base to the target is a far away.

Consider using for maritime probe team strikes, simply due to the large amounts of movement points. Do not engage in probe team warfare unless you can afford to lose the probe team. Just get to the target, do whatever sabotage you need to do, and do it quickly.

Foil

 * Prerequisite: Doctrine: Flexibility
 * Speed: 4 (6 with Maritime Control)
 * Terrain: Water

The early waterborne unit isn't as fast as a cruiser.

Gravship

 * Prerequisite: Graviton Theory
 * Speed: 8
 * Terrain: air

Late-game chassis that is strictly superior to the needlejet, equal in speed but with no fuel limitations. Very valuable chassis when equipped with high-power weapons and armor. However, unlike the 'Copter, it can only attack once per turn.

Hovertank

 * Prerequisite: Nanominiaturization
 * Speed: 3
 * Terrain: land

This is a middle-to-late-game unit that moves faster than the rover. One strategy that could be effective is building the ascent to transcendence at whatever city has the highest industry, then building these with a supply module attached to them at every other city you own and rushing them toward that city.

Infantry

 * Prerequisite: None
 * Speed: 1
 * Terrain: land

The default chassis for units. Some units (Crawlers, Formers, Colony Pods) do not display an actual infantryman in the unit graphic, instead using a custom chassis graphic sitting on enlarged treads. Infantry have a bonus to attacking cities.

Missile

 * Prerequisite: Orbital Spaceflight
 * Speed: 20 (depends on fuel)
 * Terrain: air

Middle-game chassis designed for kamikaze-style attacks. Cannot be equipped with weapons (except for special missile-only weapons) or armor and very few abilities. Can be very powerful if one uses it wisely.

Needlejet

 * Prerequisite: Doctrine: Air Power
 * Speed: 20 (depends on fuel)
 * Terrain: air

Though it can move an impressive distance, the needlejet will crash and burn if it ends a turn outside of a city or airbase. Also, the needlejet has the ability to attack twice in one turn, but if you choose to do this, it will die at the end of the second attack, as a bee dies after stinging something.

Speeder

 * Prerequisite: Doctrine: Mobility
 * Speed: 2
 * Terrain: land

This creates a rover, which, in addition to its increased speed, also applies other properties, such as the loss of the infantry unit's bonus to city invasions. Also, it counts as a mobile unit for the purposes of special armor bonuses.

Weapon
Weapons determine a unit's attack strength. Higher attack strengths give a unit better chances in battle. Missile payloads may only be equipped on the Missile chassis.

Hand Weapons

 * Strength: 1

Psi Attack

 * Prerequisite: Centauri Psi
 * Strength: uses psi combat; depends on morale or lifecycle
 * Cost: 10

Units with the Psi Attack ability attack with psi instead of weapons. The most common and basic example of such an attacker is a Mind Worm boil.

Laser

 * Prerequisite: Applied Physics
 * Strength: 2

Particle Impactor

 * Prerequisite: Nonlinear Mathematics
 * Strength: 4

Gatling Laser

 * Prerequisite: Superconductor
 * Strength: 5

Missile Launcher

 * Prerequisite: Synthetic Fossil Fuels
 * Strength: 6

Resonance Laser
Provides a 25% bonus against units with Psi Defense. The most common such defender is a native unit.
 * Prerequisite: Bioadaptive Resonance
 * Strength: 6
 * Cost: 8
 * Alien Crossfire Only

Chaos Gun

 * Prerequisite: Superstring Theory
 * Strength: 8

Fusion Laser

 * Prerequisite: Organic Superlubricant
 * Strength: 10

Tachyon Bolt

 * Prerequisite: Unified Field Theory
 * Strength: 12
 * Cost:

Resonance Bolt
Provides a 25% bonus against units with Psi Defense. The most common such defender is a native unit.
 * Prerequisite: Sentient Resonance
 * Strength: 12
 * Cost: 16
 * Alien Crossfire Only

Plasma Shard

 * Prerequisite: Advanced Spaceflight
 * Strength: 13

Quantum Laser

 * Prerequisite: Quantum Machinery
 * Strength: 16

Graviton Gun

 * Prerequisite: Applied Gravitonics
 * Strength: 20

Singularity Laser

 * Prerequisite: Controlled Singularity
 * Strength: 24

String Disruptor

 * Prerequisite: String Resonance
 * Strength: 30
 * Cost: 40
 * Alien Crossfire Only

Conventional Payload

 * Prerequisite: Orbital Spaceflight
 * Strength: 12

Fungal Payload
Fungal Missles target a land square without a base or unit. Depending on reactor this plants an additional 1 – 4 squares of fungus, destroys most improvements and generates mindworms and a fungal tower in the detonation square. It leaves boreholes, bunkers, condensers, and solar mirrors. It destroys roads, forests, farms, soil enrichers, mines, and sensors.
 * Prerequisite: N-Space Compression
 * Strength: N/A
 * Alien Crossfire Only

Planet Buster

 * Prerequisite: Orbital Spaceflight
 * Strength: 99
 * Cost: 32

Tectonic Payload
Tectonic Missles target a land square without a base or unit. Depending on reactor level the land will be raised 1 – 4 levels, up to the maximum of 3500 m. This does not destroy improvements.
 * Prerequisite: N-Space Compression
 * Strength: N/A
 * Alien Crossfire Only

Equipment
Units with equipment cannot attack – instead they are granted a number of special actions.

Colony Module

 * Prerequisite: none
 * Equipment cost: 10

A unit with a Colony Module can build a new base. Producing a unit with a colony module consumes one population. When deployed in a base, it will add one population to that base's total population.

Probe Team

 * Prerequisite: Planetary Networks
 * Equipment cost: 4

Units with probe equipment can perform a number of covert actions.

Terraforming Unit

 * Prerequisite: Centauri Ecology
 * Equipment cost: 6

Terraforming units can create all manner of terrain improvements. The Terraforming Unit can be later enhanced with the special abilities

Terraformers are the single most important unit in the game. The AI's poor use of them contributes greatly to its poor performance. Formers are the primary way to make your cities more productive, and are the only way to make tiles more productive (except fungus, which improves with the Centauri techs). Centauri Ecology should always be one of your first techs, or a competent opponent will defeat you.

For comparison, a good unterraformed tile yields 2-1-1 (rolling and rainy, on a river), before nutrient/mineral/energy bonuses are considered. A good terraformed tile yields 0-6-6 (borehole) or 4-1-1 (condensor-farm). A fair unterraformed tile yields 1-1-0 (moist and rolling). A fair terraformed tile yields 1-2-1 (forest).

Supply Transport

 * Prerequisite: Industrial Automation
 * Equipment cost: 8

Supply units can extract one type of resource (either energy,mineral, or nutrient) from any non-cultivated square and convey it to its home base, and can also be brought to a base to apply its full production cost toward the production of a unit prototype or Secret Project.

Supply crawlers are the second most important unit in the game (second to Terraformers). Since they allow you to harvest more tiles, they act like extra population units, but without the drone problems or the nutrient requirements. In effect, supply crawlers are constructed population points, and at 30 minerals are a bargain.

Troop Transport

 * Prerequisite: Doctrine: Flexibility
 * Equipment cost: 4

A Troop Transport, as the name implies, can transport land troops from one place to the other. In combination with the Carrier Deck ability, can also transport air units. The number of transported units depends on the chassis and reactor: Foils can transport twice the reactor strength, Cruisers can transport four times the reactor strength, all other units can only transport one unit at a time.

Having a transport in a sea base along the coast allows units to freely enter and leave the base from the coast.

Defense
A unit's defense determines how well it fights when it is attacked. Defense strength affects a unit's mineral cost. Some defenses affect a unit's cost by more than just their defensive strength.

No Armor

 * Strength: 1

Psi Defense

 * Prerequisite: Eudaimonia
 * Strength: Psi
 * Cost: 6

Units equipped with a Psi Defense always engage in Psi combat when attacked, ignoring weapon and armor strengths. This is useful for defending against opponents whose weapon technology exceeds your defensive technology.

Synthmetal Armor

 * Prerequisite: Industrial Base
 * Strength: 2

Plasma Steel Armor

 * Prerequisite: High Energy Chemistry
 * Strength: 3

Pulse 3 Armor
''Same as Plasma Steel Armor, but more expensive and with +25% bonus vs. mobile attackers. Alien Crossfire only.''
 * Prerequisite: Adaptive Doctrine
 * Strength: 3
 * Cost: 5

Generally a bad choice of armor, since it costs just as much as Photon Wall, yet is less effective than Silksteel Armor even against mobile attackers. Still, it comes earlier in the tech tree than Silksteel, and might make the difference against an Impact Rover. Provides no benefit to ships except perhaps when defending in a base against a mobile land attacker, since ships are never mobile attackers. The AI prefers Pulse-3 Armor, which needlessly pushes up its unit costs. Disable it or decrease its cost to help out the AI.

Resonance 3 Armor
''Same as Plasma Steel Armor, but more expensive and with +25% bonus vs. Psi attacks. Alien Crossfire only.''
 * Prerequisite: Field Modulation
 * Strength: 3
 * Cost: 5

Mainly useful for combining with Hypnotic Trance on a foil for a great Psi defender. Other than that, see above.

Silksteel Armor

 * Prerequisite: Silksteel Alloys
 * Strength: 4

Photon Wall

 * Prerequisite: Photon/Wave Mechanics
 * Strength: 5

Probability Sheath

 * Prerequisite: Probability Mechanics
 * Strength: 6

Neutronium Armor

 * Prerequisite: Matter Compression
 * Strength: 8

Pulse 8 Armor
''Same as Neutronium Armor, but more expensive and with +25% bonus vs. mobile attackers. Alien Crossfire only.''
 * Prerequisite: Super Tensile Solids
 * Strength: 8
 * Cost: 11

Resonance 8 Armor
''Same as Neutronium Armor, but more expensive and with +25% bonus vs. Psi attacks. Alien Crossfire only.''
 * Prerequisite: Sentient Resonance
 * Strength: 8
 * Cost: 11

Antimatter Plate

 * Prerequisite: Matter Editation
 * Strength: 10

Stasis Generator

 * Prerequisite: Temporal Mechanics
 * Strength: 12

Fission Plant

 * Prerequisite Tech: N/A
 * Strength: 1

The default reactor for units. Later in the game, it is ideal for worm-killing units since psi combat ignores reactor strengths, and without a strong weapon, more advanced reactors will usually make the unit more expensive.

Fusion Reactor

 * Prerequisite: Fusion
 * Strength: 2

The first more powerful reactor you can get. The decrease in build costs is noticeable, and your units will be nearly unstoppable until your opponents discover Fusion as well.

Quantum Chamber

 * Prerequisite: Quantum Power
 * Strength: 3

Reactors beyond Fusion are of little use, since the game will probably be over by this point.

Singularity Engine

 * Prerequisite: Singularity Mechanics
 * Strength: 4

AAA Tracking
+100% defense vs air units.
 * Prerequisite: Advanced Military Algorithms
 * Cost: 1

Air Superiority
Allows a unit to attack air units in flight. Air units with Air Superiority gain a +100% combat bonus versus other air units but suffer a -50% combat penalty against ground and sea units.
 * Prerequisite: Doctrine: Air Power
 * Cost: 1

Algorithmic Enhancement
Improves probe team success rate and decreases probe attack energy costs. Also allows a probe team to attempt an attack on a base or unit under the Hunter-Seeker Algorithm, though at an extremely low success rate.
 * Prerequisite: Nanominiaturization
 * Cost: 1
 * Alien Crossfire only

Amphibious Pods
Allows ground units to attack sea bases, and allows ground units to attack from on board a sea-going transport. Also allows ground units to cross the gap between a friendly sea base and dry land without needing a transport in the base.
 * Prerequisite: Doctrine: Initiative
 * Cost: 1

Antigrav Struts
+1 movement rate for ground units, and ignore terrain movement penalties. An air unit with Antigrav Struts gains a movement rate increase equal to its reactor level.
 * Prerequisite: Graviton Theory
 * Cost: 1

Blink Displacer
Attacker ignores base defense bonuses.
 * Prerequisite: Matter Transmission
 * Cost: 1

Carrier Deck
Transport may carry air units.
 * Prerequisite: Nanometallurgy
 * Cost: 1

Clean Reactor
Unit does not require support from its home base. Not to be confused with the unit's Reactor, the Clean Reactor trait eliminates the cost of support. Note that probe and supply units inherently do not incur support costs, hence do not need this ability.
 * Prerequisite: Bio-Engineering
 * Cost: 2

Cloaking Device
Ground unit ignores zones of control (may move past enemy units without stopping).
 * Prerequisite: Frictionless Surfaces
 * Cost: 1

Comm Jammer
+50% defense vs. fast units (rover, hovertank).
 * Prerequisite: Advanced Subatomic Theory
 * Cost: Attack/Defense (rounded down, maximum 2)

Deep Pressure Hull

 * Prerequisite: Nanometallurgy
 * Cost: 1

Deep Radar
Unit can see two squares away instead of one. Note: units still cannot see into fungus (as sensor arrays do).
 * Prerequisite: Advanced Military Algorithms
 * Cost: 0 for air or sea units, 1 for ground units

Dissociative Wave
Halves all positive combat bonuses (such as the +25% defense against fast units conferred by the Comm Jammer special ability).
 * Prerequisite: Centauri Psi
 * Cost: 2

Drop Pods
Allows a unit to make an Airdrop over a range of eight tiles, instantly moving from the tile of origin to the destination, provided that there are no air defenses near the destination tile, that the unit has not moved yet this turn, and that the unit is starting from a friendly base or airbase. Upon discovery of Applied Gravitonics (or upon completion of the Space Elevator, whichever comes first) any units with Drop Pods may instead make Orbital Insertions, which removes the eight-tile restriction. A unit that has made an Airdrop or Orbital Insertion may attack on the same turn, but will suffer a -50% combat penalty.
 * Prerequisite: Mind/Machine Interface
 * Cost: 2

Empath Song
+50% to psi offense.
 * Prerequisite: Centauri Empathy
 * Cost: 2

Fuel Nanocells
Adds +2 to an air unit's fuel supply, effectively increasing its range by 1.
 * Prerequisite: Matter Compression
 * Cost: 1

Fungicide Tanks
Formers remove fungus at double speed.
 * Prerequisite: Synthetic Fossil Fuels
 * Cost: 1

Heavy Artillery
Ground unit can make long range bombardment attacks from up to two squares distant. It is important to note that artillery units are incapable of attacking any other way.
 * Prerequisite: Polymorphic Software
 * Cost: Armor+Speed-2 (rounded down, maximum 2)

High Morale
Unit gains one automatic Morale upgrade, in addition to any conferred by the unit's respective facility (ie. Command Center, Naval Yard or Aerospace Complex).
 * Prerequisite: Intellectual Integrity
 * Cost: 1

Hypnotic Trance
+50% to psi defense. This is probably the most popular special ability in the game, perhaps rivaling Clean Reactor, putting defending land units on equal footing with attackers, and turning sea or air units into veritable psi fortresses.
 * Prerequisite: Secrets of the Human Brain
 * Cost: Attack/Defense (rounded down, maximum 2)

Marine Detachment
Allows an attacking unit to capture a severely damaged enemy sea unit.
 * Prerequisite: Adaptive Doctrine
 * Cost: 1
 * Alien Crossfire only

Nerve Gas Pods
+50% attack bonus. Additionally, when attacking a city, kills half of the city's population (round up) if the attacking unit wins.
 * Prerequisite: High Energy Chemistry
 * Cost: 1

WARNING: using a unit equipped with this in combat is considered a Simple Atrocity. That means if the UN charter is in effect, sanctions will be imposed upon you (nullifying commerce for at least 10 years), and regardless of the UN charter, the opponent on whom you used nerve gas will hate you forever.

Non-Lethal Methods
Unit counts as two for police purposes (suppressing two drones instead of one).
 * Prerequisite: Intellectual Integrity
 * Cost: 1

Polymorphic Encryption
Doubles the energy cost incurred by an enemy probe team attempt to subvert the unit.
 * Prerequisite: Pre-Sentient Algorithms
 * Cost: 1

Repair Bay
Transport acts as a bunker (units heal while on board).
 * Prerequisite: Nanometallurgy
 * Cost: 1

Soporific Gas Pods
Unit reduces Morale of non-native enemy units by two when attacking.
 * Prerequisite: Bioadaptive Resonance
 * Cost: 1
 * Alien Crossfire only

Super Former
All terraforming orders except for Remove/Plant Fungus are executed at double speed.
 * Prerequisite: Advanced Ecological Engineering
 * Cost: 1


text:
Talk:Svelvik

"Svelvik is an important harbour" No I don't think so. In fact you might say that there is almost no harbour in the sense that most people would recognize. There are two marinas in the town and several more in the rural parts of the kommune. There are several small quays between the fjord and Storgata and of course the ferry terminal. Very few commercial craft stop at Svelvik but there are substantial numbers of pleasure boats both resident and, in the summer, visiting.

Source: personal observation, I live in the town near the sea. Kjwhitefoot (talk) 10:06, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

Pronunciation
"Svelvik" is pronounced Svælvik with a thick "l" in the local area. Most residents in the rest of Vestfold will also pronounce it this way, as will most people in Drammen. I can understand why the audio file pronounces the name "Svelvik" due to neutrality, but I feel that the correct pronunciation should at least be mentioned in the article. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:45, 30 July 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Svelvik


text:
Laughter in the Dark (novel)

Laughter in the Dark (Original Russian title: Ка́мера обску́ра, Camera obscura) is a novel written by Vladimir Nabokov and serialised in Sovremennye zapiski in 1932.

The first English translation, Camera Obscura, was made by Winifred Roy and published in London in 1936 by Johnathan Long, the paperback imprint of Hutchinson Publishing, with the author credited as Vladimir Nabokoff-Sirin. Nabokov was so displeased by the translation's quality that he undertook his own, which was published in 1938 under the now common name, Laughter in the Dark. It is sometimes mistakenly assumed that he was not fond of the book, yet in fact it was based on very personal breakthroughs in his life.

The book deals with the affection of a middle-aged man for an underaged girl, resulting in a mutually parasitic relationship. In 1955, Nabokov used this theme again with Lolita to a much differently developed effect.

Characters
The characters were given different names in the English translation. In the following list the names of the characters of the English translation are given first with the original names in parentheses.
 * Albert Albinus (Bruno Kretschmar) - a middle-aged art-critic
 * Margot Peters (Magda Peters) - a 17-year-old aspiring actress, common worker, model, seductress
 * Axel Rex (Robert Gorn, probably Robert Horn) - A painter from New York and Margot's first lover, also Margot's first broken relationship when he abandoned her

Some minor characters include:
 * Elisabeth Albinus (Anneliese Kretschmar) - Albert Albinus's wife
 * Paul (Max) Hochenwart - Elisabeth's brother
 * Otto Peters - Margot's brother
 * Frieda - The Albinus' housekeeper
 * Irma Albinus - Elisabeth and Albert's daughter
 * Kaspar - A friend of Otto
 * Udo Conrad (Dietrich von Siegelkranz) - An author and acquaintance of Albert's

Plot
Albinus is a respected, reasonably happy married art critic who lives in Berlin. He lusts after the 17-year-old Margot whom he meets at a cinema, where she works, and woos her over the course of many encounters, primarily with money. His prolonged affair with Margot is eventually revealed to Albinus's wife Elisabeth when Margot deliberately sends a letter to the Albinuses' residence and Albinus is unable to intercept it before it is discovered. Elisabeth leaves with the assistance of her brother, Paul, and takes their daughter, Irma, with her. Rather than disown the young troublemaker, Albinus is even more attracted to Margot. She eventually manipulates him into allowing her to move in to his flat where he resided with his wife, and she sets to working on him getting a divorce so that she might marry him and acquire access to his significant wealth.

Margot uses Albinus to fulfill her ambition in life to become a rich film star. Even when Albinus' daughter, Irma, takes ill and eventually succumbs to pneumonia, Margot insistently drives a wedge between his old life and his new, in order to totalize her capture of him. Inadvertently, Albinus introduces Margot to Axel Rex at one of his many dinner parties, but he does not know that the two have previously been lovers. Margot and Rex resume their relationship, and start plotting to get Albinus out of the way and rob him of his money.

Albinus gets Margot her first role as an actress, using his wealth as largesse to make up for her lack of talent. At the premiere viewing of the movie, Margot realises how inept she was and is petulant about her public exposure as a mediocre actress. Attempting to appease her wounded ego, Albinus convinces her to take a holiday to the south in the new car he has bought for her. Rex refuses to be left behind, and by this point has wangled his way into Albinus' confidence as a fellow artist (including convincing Albinus that he could not possibly be interested in Margot as he poses himself as homosexual): he presents himself as the ideal chauffeur for their trip, given that Albinus can barely drive. Rex and Margot's trysts have become increasingly brazen, and the holiday seems an opportunity to further deepen their affair on Albinus' payroll.

The holiday didn't quite go as Margot and Rex planned, since rendezvouses were next to impossible without arousing suspicion. On arriving in a small town and finding most lodgings unavailable, they finally get their chance in the only remaining hotel room the three could find, which shared a bathroom and made clandestine access possible. After a chance encounter with an old friend in the town, Albinus realises that Margot and Rex are engaged in an affair. Enraged, Albinus returns to the hotel and threatens Margot, who insists that there is nothing between her and the allegedly homosexual Rex. Still distraught, Albinus demands they leave at once, and they abandon Rex at the hotel. On their journey out of town, Albinus crashes the car and is blinded, leaving him in need of care and oblivious to the world around him.

Rex and Margot take advantage of his handicap. After sending a letter falsely stating that Rex has gone to America, they rent a chalet in Switzerland where Rex poses as Albinus's doctor, although Albinus is unaware of Rex's presence. Rex mocks and tortures Albinus during his recovery. Albinus becomes increasingly suspicious as his ears become more attuned and he perceives someone's presence, although Margot continuously denies his concerns.

Paul, Albinus's brother-in-law, suspects forgery when he encounters multiple high value cheques on Albinus' account at their shared bank, with the signature scrawled and the amounts in a different handwriting (Rex and Margot have been bleeding Albinus's accounts dry and coercing him into signing blind). Elisabeth, Albinus' estranged wife, asks her brother to drive to the Swiss residence. There, Paul discovers Rex toying with Albinus in his blinded state while Margot is out. Paul hurriedly bundles Albinus into a vehicle before Margot can return and convince the wretched Albinus otherwise, and escorts Albinus back to the Elisabeth's home, where he is given proper care.

After a short time, Albinus receives a call from the porter at his old original Berlin flat informing him that Margot has returned to his flat to collect some things. Finally knowing where she is, he decides to kill her. Without haste, he makes his way to the familiar flat and traps her inside by barricading the door, intending to shoot her with his pistol. He seeks her out by her scent and faint sounds, but when he tries to shoot her she overpowers him, grabs the pistol, and kills him.

Film adaptations
In 1969, Laughter in the Dark was adapted for film directed by Tony Richardson, which was originally intended to star Richard Burton as Albinus. When he was fired for drunkenness, he was replaced by Nicol Williamson. Anna Karina played Margot and Jean-Claude Drouot played Axel Rex.

In December 2020, writer/director Scott Frank stated that he was developing a new adaptation of the novel, to star Anya Taylor-Joy as Margot.

Literary reviews

 * Camera Obscura and Laughter in the Dark, or The Confusion of Texts, by Christine Raguet-Bouvard (translated by Jeff Edwards)
 * Nabokov's Poetics of Vision, or, What Anna Karenina is Doing in Kamera obskura by Thomas Seifrid.

title: Laughter in the Dark (novel)