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From Hell (film)

From Hell is a 2001 period detective horror film directed by the Hughes Brothers and written by Terry Hayes and Rafael Yglesias. It is loosely based on the graphic novel of the same name by Alan Moore and Eddie Campbell about the Jack the Ripper murders. The film stars Johnny Depp as Frederick Abberline, the lead investigator of the murders, and Heather Graham as Mary Kelly, a prostitute targeted by the Ripper. Other cast members include Ian Holm, Robbie Coltrane, Ian Richardson and Jason Flemyng.

From Hell was theatrically released in the United States on October 19, 2001 by 20th Century Fox. The film grossed over $74 million worldwide and received mixed reviews from critics, with many praising the performances (particularly those of Depp and Graham), atmosphere and production values, but was negatively compared to its source material.

Plot
In 1888, Mary Kelly and a small group of London prostitutes trudge through unrelenting daily misery. Their friend Ann Crook is a former prostitute now married to a wealthy painter named Albert, and she has recently given birth to a daughter, Alice. When Ann is kidnapped, the women are drawn into a conspiracy with links to high society. Ann's kidnapping is followed by the gruesome murder of another one of the women, and it soon becomes apparent that each of the prostitutes is being hunted, murdered and mutilated post-mortem by a killer called Jack the Ripper.

The prostitute murders grab the attention of Whitechapel police inspector Frederick Abberline, a brilliant yet troubled man whose police work is often aided by his psychic "visions". Abberline is still grieving the death of his wife during childbirth two years earlier. His colleague Sergeant Peter Godley tries to grasp Abberline's strange theories. Abberline's investigations reveal that an educated person, likely knowledgeable in human anatomy, is responsible for the murders because of the highly precise, surgical methods used.

Ann is soon located in a workhouse after being lobotomized because doctors deemed her violent and insane. It is implied that the operation was performed in order to silence her.

Abberline consults Sir William Gull, a physician to the royal family, drawing on his experience and knowledge of medicine. During this meeting, Gull deduces that Abberline is struggling with opium addiction. Gull's findings point Abberline to a darker, more organized conspiracy than he had originally suspected. Abberline becomes deeply involved with the case, which takes on personal meaning when he falls in love with Mary.

Abberline deduces that Freemason influence is involved in the murders. His superior, a high-ranking Freemason, opposes Abberline's methods and suspends him from the case. Thereafter, Abberline persists and discovers that Gull is the killer. Gull was instructed to dispose of all witnesses to the forbidden marriage of painter Albert Sickert to Ann Crook, the mother of his legitimate daughter, Alice. Sickert is revealed to be Prince Albert, grandson of reigning Queen Victoria. Albert is dying of syphilis, which makes baby Alice the soon-to-be heiress to the British throne. Gull boasts to Abberline that he will be remembered in history for giving "birth to the 20th century". Abberline draws his gun, vowing that Gull will never see the 20th century, but before he is able to shoot Gull, he is knocked out by Ben Kidney, another Freemason.

The Freemasons try to eliminate Abberline without leaving any witnesses, but Abberline fights back and kills one of the assassins by overturning a carriage. Next, he rushes to save Mary but arrives too late, and blames his superior for not helping him or Godley on the cases. Going through the gruesome murder, Abberline discovers a brunette lock of hair differing from Mary’s red, concealing this evidence to protect her. Gull's increasingly sinister behaviour lends insight into his murderous, but calculating mind. Rather than publicly charge Gull, the Freemasons lobotomize him to protect themselves and the royal family from the scandal. Gull defiantly states he has no equal among men, remaining unrepentant until the operation, which renders him an invalid like Ann.

Abberline goes to the Ten Bells Tavern in Whitechapel and receives a mysterious letter from Mary. It is revealed that Gull had mistaken another prostitute, Ada, for Mary and killed her instead. Leery of being watched closely by Freemasons, Abberline decides not to look for her despite knowing she’s out there. He burns Mary's letter, knowing that he can never have a normal life with her. Sergeant Godley later finds Abberline dead of an opium overdose. Distraught, Godley places two coins over Abberline's eyes and mournfully says, "Good night, sweet prince."

Years later, Mary is shown to have adopted Alice, and the two are living in a cottage on a cliff by the sea.

Cast

 * Johnny Depp as Inspector Frederick Abberline, a sympathetic police officer who investigates the Ripper murders. The consumption of drugs makes him dream scenes from the murders, but he nevertheless conducts the investigation in a rational way.
 * Heather Graham as Mary Kelly, a young prostitute, who builds up a relationship with Abberline and eventually falls in love with him.
 * Ian Holm as Sir William Gull, a retired surgeon and physician ordinary to Queen Victoria, teaching at the Royal London Hospital.
 * Robbie Coltrane as Sergeant Peter Godley, the humorous and literary-minded subordinate assistant and friend of Abberline.
 * Ian Richardson as Sir Charles Warren, a stiff bureaucrat and Abberline's superior.
 * Jason Flemyng as John Netley, the coachman and stooge of the Ripper.
 * Samantha Spiro as Martha Tabram, prostitute.
 * Annabelle Apsion as Polly Nichols, prostitute.
 * Katrin Cartlidge as Annie Chapman, prostitute.
 * Susan Lynch as Liz Stride, prostitute.
 * Lesley Sharp as Kate Eddowes, prostitute.
 * Estelle Skornik as Ada, an old friend of Liz Stride from Brussels.
 * Terence Harvey as Benjamin Kidney, the leader of London police's Special Branch.
 * Paul Rhys as Dr. Ferral, an ambitious young doctor and specialist in the treatment of dementia.
 * Vincent Franklin as George Lusk - chairman of the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee.
 * Ian McNeice as coroner Robert Drudge
 * David Schofield as McQueen
 * Sophia Myles as Victoria Abberline, Frederick Abberline's late wife.
 * Joanna Page as Ann Crook, Mary Kelly's friend, who was kidnapped.
 * Mark Dexter as Prince Albert Victor aka Albert Sickert.
 * Peter Eyre as Lord Hallsham.
 * Anthony Parker as Joseph Merrick, The Elephant Man.

Production
From Hell took several years to reach production, and two studios had owned the property before it found its home at 20th Century Fox. The Hughes Brothers originally wanted Daniel Day-Lewis to play Abberline. In a 1997 interview, Alan Moore stated that Sean Connery had been cast in the role. When Connery dropped out, the Hughes Brothers met with Brad Pitt and Jude Law before deciding to cast Johnny Depp. The Hughes Brothers were hired to direct From Hell after choosing not to work on Planet of the Apes.

Principal photography began on June 5, 2000 in and around Prague, Czech Republic and at Barrandov Studios on a massive backlot set recreating the 19th-century Whitechapel district of London. Additional exteriors were filmed in the United Kingdom, including at Crackington Haven, Boscastle in Cornwall and Goldings estate in Hertfordshire.

Nigel Hawthorne was originally cast as Sir William Gull, but on July 26, 2000, it was announced that Hawthorne had withdrawn from the role because of his terminal cancer. He was replaced by Ian Holm. The disparity in height between Hawthorne and the much shorter Holm forced some of the scenes to be altered. Hawthorne died two months after the film's release.

As some critics considered the film to be too violent and gory, it was edited in order to avoid an NC-17 rating by the Motion Picture Association of America. Eventually, it received an R rating due to "strong violence/gore, sexuality, language and drug content".

From Hell's premiere took place at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2001. During the September 11 attacks, Heather Graham was flying to New York City for a number of meetings with film directors when she saw smoke coming from the World Trade Center.

Marilyn Manson originally intended to work with the film's composer Trevor Jones to remix portions of the score for use within the film. It proved impossible to do this work before the film's release date, so Manson instead contributed a remixed version of his song The Nobodies, which plays over the film's end credits.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 57% based on 151 reviews, with an average rating of 5.30/10. The site's critic consensus reads: "Visually impressive, but this latest Ripper tale is dull and far from scary." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 54 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale.

E! Online stated that the film is "two hours of gory murders, non-sequitur scenes, and an undeveloped romance" and gave the film a C−. The New York Post called it a "gripping and stylish thriller". Roger Ebert gave the film three stars out of four. Leonard Maltin gave the film three stars, calling it "colorful and entertaining; an impressive showing for the Hughes Brothers."

Empire's Kim Newman awarded the film four out of five stars, praising the "range of squirmingly superior British acting talent" although noting that "the script can't quite sell its Jack as at once a purposeful assassin and a mad killer." Philip French was impressed by the film, praising Depp's "very good" performance as well as those who played the Ripper's victims. French also praised the production design and cinematography, which evoked representations of London by the artists Whistler and John Atkinson Grimshaw.

The original comic's writer, Alan Moore, criticized the replacement of his "gruff" version of Frederick Abberline with an "absinthe-swilling dandy".

Box office
From Hell grossed $31.6 million in the United States and a total of $74.6 million worldwide.

During its opening weekend, the film earned $11 million and finished in first place at the box office, beating Training Day, Riding in Cars with Boys and The Last Castle. It dropped into third place in its second weekend behind K-PAX and Thirteen Ghosts with $6.3 million. When Monsters, Inc. was released on its third weekend, From Hell would hold on with a 38% drop, ranking in seventh place and earning $3.7 million.

Home video
From Hell was released by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment on DVD and VHS on May 14, 2002. The DVD release consists of single-disc and two-disc directors' limited-edition versions. These versions are both THX-certified and the disc menus contain hidden Easter eggs. There are also Dolby Digital and DTS audio tracks. On the limited edition release, the first disc features an audio commentary to listen during the movie and several deleted scenes. The second disc includes an interactive documentary called Jack the Ripper: 6 Degrees of Separation, an HBO special called A View From Hell, trailers for the film itself and Unfaithful, behind-the-scenes featurettes and more.

On October 9, 2007, the film was released on Blu-ray.

title: From Hell (film)


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Manatsu no Magic

"Manatsu no Magic" (真夏のMagic) is the debut single by Japanese hip-hop group Lead released on July 31, 2002. The single debuted on Oricon at #18 and remained on the charts for five weeks. The success of the single and their following single, "Show Me the Way", helped them win the Best Newcomer Award during the 44th Japan Record Awards, alongside Day After Tomorrow, Mika Nakashima and Sachika Shino.

Information
"Manatsu no Magic" is the debut single by Japanese hip-hop group Lead under the Pony Canyon sub-label Flight Master. The single debuted in the top twenty of the Oricon Singles Charts, coming in at #18 and remaining on the charts for five consecutive weeks. The success of the single, along with their following single, "Show me the way", helped Lead secure the Best Newcomer Award during the 44th annual Japan Record Awards alongside newbie band day after tomorrow and up-and-coming soloists Mika Nakashima and Sachika Shino.

The single was only released as a standard CD, which contained the title track, the b-side "No Doubt" and a remix and instrumental for "Manatsu no Magic." While the music video was released for syndication to the public upon the single's release, it was not available for the public to purchase until their DVD/VHS release Lead Movies 1 in September 2003.

"Manatsu no Magic" was written and composed by musical composer Yasushi Sasamoto. For "No Doubt", lyricist Katsu wrote the most of the lyrics, while Yasushi wrote the lyrics for the rap. As with "Manatsu no Magic", Yasushi composed and arranged the piece. The remix of "Manatsu no Magic" was reworked by famous composer H-Wonder, who has worked with the likes of Kumi Koda, BoA, TVXQ and AAA.

Promotional activities
To help promote their single, "Manatsu no Magic" was used as the ending theme to several Nippon TV shows and the ending theme to the theatrical film Juunana Sai (十七歳 / Seventeen Years).

The song was used as the ending theme to several television shows, including the drama Romei, the variety show Chanoma Girls, and the shows Anta ni Gurattsu~e! (あんたにグラッツェ！ / Thanks for You!) and Tabi wa Higae Ritchi (旅は日帰リッチ / Travel is a rich day trip).

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Manatsu no Magic


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Talk:Arthur Katz

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 one external links on Arthur Katz. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080708201738/http://artkatzministries.org/about/ to http://artkatzministries.org/about/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081203140228/http://www.zcpress.org/artkatz to http://www.zcpress.org/artkatz
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111222124634/http://www.newbereans.com/2009/12/05/apostolic-foundations-arthur-katz/ to http://www.newbereans.com/2009/12/05/apostolic-foundations-arthur-katz/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:11, 18 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arthur Katz


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Template:R:Webster NWCD 1988

Webster's New World College Dictionary. 3rd Edition. New York, Simon & Schuster Macmillan. (1988)

title: Template:R:Webster NWCD 1988


text:
Περικλῆς

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) in particular, the 5th century  Athenian statesman Pericles
 * 1) in particular, the 5th century  Athenian statesman Pericles

title: Περικλῆς


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Jahanabad, Nishapur

Jahanabad (, also Romanized as Jahānābād) is a village in Eshaqabad Rural District, Zeberkhan District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 487, in 117 families.

title: Jahanabad, Nishapur


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User:Hernvillarta/sandbox

{{User sandbox

THE ART PORTAL

edit The Arts Portal

An artist's palette

The arts is a vast subdivision of culture, composed of many creative endeavors and disciplines. It is a broader term than "art", which, as a description of a field, usually means only the visual arts. The arts encompass the visual arts, the literary arts and the performing arts – music, theatre, dance and film, among others. This list is by no means comprehensive, but only meant to introduce the concept of the arts. For all intents               and purposes, the history of the arts begins with the history of art. The arts might have origins in early human evolutionary prehistory.

Ancient Greek art saw the veneration of the animal form and the development of equivalent skills to show musculature, poise, beauty and anatomically correct proportions. Ancient Roman art depicted gods as idealized humans, shown with characteristic distinguishing features (e.g. Jupiter's thunderbolt). In Byzantine and Gothic art of the Middle Ages, the dominance of the church insisted on the expression of biblical and not material truths. Eastern art has generally worked in a style akin to Western medieval art, namely a concentration on surface patterning and local colour (meaning the plain colour of an object, such as basic red for a red robe, rather than the modulations of that colour brought about by light, shade and reflection). A characteristic of this style is that the local colour is often defined by an outline (a contemporary equivalent is the cartoon). This is evident in, for example, the art of India, Tibet and Japan. Religious Islamic art forbids iconography, and expresses religious ideas through geometry instead. The physical and rational certainties depicted by the 19th-century Enlightenment were shattered not only by new discoveries of relativity by Einstein and of unseen psychology by Freud, but also by unprecedented technological development. Paradoxically the expressions of new technologies were greatly influenced by the ancient tribal arts of Africa and Oceania, through the works of Paul Gauguin and the Post-Impressionists, Pablo Picasso and the Cubists, as well as the Futurists and others.

An artist's palette

title: User:Hernvillarta/sandbox


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Wikiversity talk:Accreditation

I think that accredation should be one of the long-term (very long-term) goals of Wikiversity. While it should have "just for learning" courses, it should also aim to set up a vigorous program of study capable of providing effective real-world degrees. A good starting point may be setting up a GED preparation program for those in the US, where Wikipedia would not need to offer any accredation itself, but simply prepare its students for "the big test" which itself would grant the diploma. Jade Knight 09:30, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I believe this would be the best model and could be expanded to the university sphere as well. Courses could be set up so that, if taken properly, students could expect to pass a clep test at an accredited university.  By taken properly I mean that, for example, if a wikiversity class has an exam that is designated as closed book/notes, the student acually takes the exam in such a manner.  Such a model would take much of the legal responsibilities off of Wikimedia itself, as it is not actually granting any degrees, while still imparting a real-world value to the classes.  What would be highly valuable (although admittedly difficult and time consuming) would be a table which equates a certain Wikiversity class to classes offered by various universities in terms of difficulty and subject material covered.  Then again, one could argue that much of the work has already been done by other projects, as most of the course material for a great many subjects can be easily accessed on Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikispecies, etc.  Wikiversity's main function would be to organize these articles into a cohesive and understandable curriculum, set up tests, and delineate what these classes could mean in the real world.  cerealkiller13 18:24, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I lean towards this model, myself. Eventually, however, I'd like to see us offer our own sort of acceditation.  The Jade Knight 12:03, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Far? Future
I think that at this moment in time, there is no possible way to Wikiversity to be considered a "credible" university in the eyes of wider society worthy of accredidation. It does not seem this should be the focus as this point in time. It does seem like right now that we should focus on developing a solid core structure and system of the way information and knowledge is conveyed. Perhaps once departments seem like cohesive units that really have state of the art and advanced information and knowledge, and people are using Wikiversity to gain as much knowledge as they would at already accredited university, then accreditation will seem like a natural progression. --Remi0o 06:53, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

Accreditation outside of Wikiversity
Accreditation in the United States is a fairly simple process. Schools must show accreditors that they have clear academic goals and the financial and human resources to achieve those goals. The main purpose of accreditation is to ensure that the university doesn't go bankrupt while students get their degrees.

Accreditors tend to be very favorably disposed toward new universities, thanks to institutions such as the University of Phoenix and Capella University.

It's also probably unnecessary for Wikiversity. There are several ways of converting knowledge to degrees, that it's not necessary for Wikiversity IMHO to reinvent the wheel.

Roadrunner 21:27, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity talk:Accreditation


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Bolgatanga Senior High School

Bolgatanga Senior High School is a public, co-educational high school located in Winkongo, a town about 8 km south of Bolgatanga, in the Upper East Region of Ghana. The school is within the Talensi-Nabdam District.

History
The school was established in 1970, precisely on the 15 October 1970 with 75 students in Zuarungu on the same campus presently occupied by Zuarungu Senior High School, with Mr. Bayala C.J. Yibrul as its first Headmaster. The number of staff then was eleven in total: three professional teachers and eight supporting staff with its motto "To the Glory of God and Honor of Ghana".

Programmes offered
Bolgatanga Senior High School offers five major academic programmes, namely:

 * Business; Business students study subjects like Accounting, Business Management, Economics, Elective Mathematics, and Costing.
 * General Arts; This program includes subjects such as English, Science, Core Maths, Social Studies, Economics, Government, Geography, History and Elective Mathematics or Elective Literature.
 * Home Economics: This program covers subjects like Food and Nutrition, Clothing and Textiles, Management in Living, and General Knowledge in Art
 * Science; The science program typically includes subjects like Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Elective Mathematics.
 * Visual Arts; Students in this program focus on creative subjects like Visual Arts, Sculpture, and Design, in addition to general subjects.

School Clubs and Socities

 * Science Club
 * Robotics Club

Achievements
Records show that students from Bolgatanga Senior High School perform well in WASSCE examinations and national sports competitions. The school also won the 2016/17 National Health Insurance Scheme Quiz competition.

2016: National Health Insurance Quiz Champions.

Information

 * School type: Public Senior High School
 * Established: 1970
 * School district: Talensi-Nabdam District
 * Headmaster: Afelibiek Ababu
 * Category: A
 * Gender: Coeducational (Mixed)
 * Accommodation status: Day and Boarding
 * Motto: To the Glory of God and the Honour of Ghana
 * School Code: 0090403

Headmasters
List of pass Headmasters of Bolgatanga Senior High School:
 * Bayala C. J. Yibrul
 * Mr. Quansah
 * E. K. Daraan
 * Didacus A Afegra
 * Ababu Afelibig
 * Michael Yeinime Moni$on

Discipline
The school was forced to temporally closed down following student riots over the death of their colleague student. A committee was set up to investigate the matter.

title: Bolgatanga Senior High School


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Talk:List of Star Trek: Discovery cast members

Why does this list exist?
There is no good reason to have a list of cast members for this series. It isn't even ready for a separate article for the current cast and character list. - adamstom97 (talk) 09:40, 25 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Agree... —Joeyconnick (talk) 18:46, 28 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Also agree.  There is a list on the main article, and a character article.  This is redundant. Mikeymo1741 (talk) 17:44, 2 October 2017 (UTC)


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Talk:William H. Wiley

RPI Bio
Biographical Record of the Officers and Graduates of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1824-1886. Benjamin Franklin Greene, D.H. Jones & Co.: Troy, NY (1855). Institute Archives and Special Collections, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

pg. 371 WILLIAM HALSTED WILEY,C. E., (Orange, N. J.), was born in New York city July 10th, 1842. Prepared in ward schools of New York city, Thirteenth and Twentieth streets, and College of City of New York. In United States volunteer service during war; brevet major United States volunteers. Entered the Institute in 1864. Engaged in the work of his profession in 1866, at Brooklyn water works, six months; 1868, Croton water works, eighteen months; 1870, Newark, (N. J.), water works, six months; Philadelphia & Reading railroad, 1870, six months; New Hope & Philadelphia railroad, 1871, six months; Tunnel Hill coal company, New Lexington, Ohio, 1873-74. Now member of firm of John Wiley & Sons, scientific publishers. Member of American Society of Civil Engineers, American Institute of Mining Engineers, and American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Married, June 1st, 1870, Joanna K. Clarke, daughter of Elisha Clarke. One child. P. O. address, 15 Astor Place, New York city.

Wiley Image
From the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Institute Archives and Special Collections Folsom Library, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180 "While we do allow people to reproduce images in our collection, we require researchers to assume responsibility for copyright clearance by signing our permission form. Based on my limited knowledge of GFDL, this image may not qualify for free distribution rights.  We also require the user to credit the archives if you choose to reproduce the image (at your own risk).  And while we charge a fee for commercial use, it would not apply in this case."

title: Talk:William H. Wiley


text:
Derek Miller (field hockey)

Derek Miller (14 February 1936 – 23 December 2002) was a British field hockey player. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1964 Summer Olympics.

title: Derek Miller (field hockey)


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User:DrBob~enwikibooks

You can find me on Wikipedia here.

I'll be trying to work on science and physics topics in general and optics in particular. I enjoy doing diagrams (you can see some of my stuff on Wikipedia), so if you have any requests, leave them here.

title: User:DrBob~enwikibooks


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Talk:Frank Herbert/Archive 2

Brian and Kevin claims - the new material
I think it should be decided once and for all how Wikipedia is going to handle the controversies over Brian and Kevin's additions to the Dune universe - how we are going to refer to the notes, and whether the new writing is cannon. My claims on the new material are:

Cannot be cannon as it disagrees with Frank's own writing in significant places (I am not saying the Dune Encyclopedia should be cannon, I do not believe it is). If we do not count to separate universes, then we have a universe in which the Butlerian Jihad is both a religious/philosophical jihad against the use of machines, waged by humans without machines against humans with them, and at the same time it is a war of annihilation between already-enslaved humans and machines (making the word enslaved have two different meaning in the books - one for degrading ones soul, becoming less human and dictated by rationality and ones tools and one in which it simply means captured in a slave pen. --Lundse 09:52, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree that we need a policy on how to handle deviations and additions. I don't think we can justifiably 'split' the universes: If nothing else, Brian's work counts as authorized follow-on literature.  How about this:

 * Everywhere there's a direct contradiction between Frank and Brian's work, note that Brian's material contradicts the original Dune series (this makes Frank the authority, and Brian the deviant).
 * Where Brian's material adds something not present at all in Frank's books, note that it is an addition unique to Brian's work, not found in the originals. :

 * Where Brian's material broadly misconstrues what the original work was analyzed as implying, note the thematic deviation from the original. For example, I once made an addition regarding the Butlerian Jihad that Frank's original intent seemed to be that the Jihad signified a Heideggarian rejection of a technological mindset, rather than a straightforward man vs. machine Terminator scenario (don't know if it's still there).

 * We have to be careful ourselves not to violate NPOV because we hate Brian's additions. If we're careful and consistent, though, we can characterize what Brian's done as post hoc additions to his father's universe that deviate significantly from Frank's original work, and stand apart.

 * Perhaps we could also create a page called "Controversy Over Later Additions To The Duniverse" or something, cataloging how Brian's material differs. A smart reader should be able to tell that Brian's books are little more than crass commercial exploitation of the originals.

 * One more thing: It's canon, not cannon.  The former is the representative works of a particular area, the latter a great big booms-tick.  I wouldn't make a point of correcting you here, but I've corrected the spelling in the articles themselves a couple times. --Justin Johnson 20:13, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

 * That's a pretty sensible policy, and it meshes well with Wikipedia's policy of copyright-holder-defines-canonicity. I like it, but I'm not sure we need a separate page on the controversy- that could probably go in the general Dune or Dune Universe page. --maru (talk)

contribs 03:15, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

 * OK, I can agree to this. My concern was that the header information and sometimes bigger sections on certain pages gave mixed information - I agree that we should not make two separate Butlerian Jihad pages but maybe a Brian & Kevin section would be appropriate? And I do know about canons, I am just a sloppy speller :-) --Lundse

08:16, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm sure Frank intended it to be the machine war since he himself wrote "thou shall not make a machine in the likeness of a human". Now if it were just a man vs man war - that wouldn't be the law. --Zeus69962 01:24, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Frank never specified who started it. But both Paul, The Tyrant, and most of the characters in the last two books go on at length about how dependence on machines conditions people to think like machines, which is not survival behavior.  The Butlerian Jihad is presented as a rejection of advanced machines by humankind, not as an escape from

subservience. The proscription against making machines in the likeness of a human is a proscription on making machines that are too advanced. In other words, AI is to be avoided because it tempts humans to depend on the machines. In the original books, there's absolutely nothing implying that mankind had been enslaved by machines.

 * See, this is why I'm so disgusted with the prequels. They take a very advanced idea that was a huge part of 20th century philosophy, and turn it into a literary version of Terminator.

 * One of the grossest discrepancies is BH's and KJA's making mentats the creation of the machines themselves, rather than as humanity's response to their need for computer-like tools. A mental far exceeds a computer just because he doesn't limit himself to raw, deterministic number crunching.  Even then, all six original books continually warn about becoming dependent on mentats and how fallible they are. --Justin Johnson 03:07, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. See my quotes on the Butlerian Jihad talk page for arguments for why the Frank's jihad was a human conflict. The fact that the remaining ban is on machines is no argument that the war must have been between humans and machines - but that it was fought *over* the question of machines. --Lundse 08:44, 14 March 2006

(UTC)

 * The controversy section is untrue - refer to my answers. It is slander. it is a misrepresentation of the facts of someone's creative work in an encyclopedia with the purpose of hurting their image. Aside

from the legality, it conflicts with Wikipedia's policies for sure. --Zeus69962 04:50, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Not true... You are misinformed about the origins of the Mentat. Zeus is 100% correct on this. --Kwisatz Haderach 00100 22:41, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

"Controversies"
First, Zeus, when you add something here, please put four ~s after it so that your comment is signed. Now, we need to discuss the change that Zeus keeps putting in. I disagree with it as it stands:
 * "This is most likely untrue based on what common sense would dictate. Moreover, they neglect to point out these “discrepancies in the writing” and fail to show any proof of Brian making any of this up. In any regard, even if the issues are true, which most likely, they are not. There would still be minimal conflicting issues when compared to many other works of fiction - especially speculative fiction. The amount of readers who state these opinions are minute and most times without merit. Most respectable critics applaud Brian and Kevin’s additions to the Dune saga; the New York Times, The Los Angeles Times are just some examples. The major conflict in this is between the fans who state the Dune Encyclopedia as canon when Frank Herbert had no part in its attempt to fill in gaps with Dune. Whatever the case may be, Brian has the legal rights to continue the story since he is the heir to Mr. Herbert’s legacy. Many reviewers have concurred that he is doing fine with the assistance of Kevin at figuratively filling the immense shoes of Frank’s vision which he left behind."

I have the following problems with it:

 * Claims to 'common sense' are not a cite or an argument.
 * Pointing out the opposing views failure to list discrepancies is not a valid counter-argument. Demanding removal of references to discrepancies without providing examples is fair.
 * "even if the issues are true, which most likely, they are not" is a POV statement that adds nothing.
 * "Most respectable critics..." requires cites as evidence. Links to reviews by reputable publications like those listed would be sufficient, though without qualifying them as "most".
 * The dispute over the canonicity of the Dune Encyclopedia is not the major issue, it's one of the issues.
 * "Many reviewers have concurred..." also requires cites. Linking to a couple reputable reviewers who say this is sufficient.

If we can make these changes, we'll have a useful addition to the controversies section. Otherwise, not. Until we reach agreement on this addition, I will keep reverting it. --Justin Johnson 22:00, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Claims to 'common sense' are a justifiable reasoning for an argument when it's based on hearsay/conjecture

 * ''If what you're responding to is hearsay/conjecture, then the answer

is to get it removed, not to answer it with "common sense".''

 * Pointing out failure to list discrepancies is 100% valid if it was claimed that there were... It's natural to say "why is that so?" claiming an unfounded opinion is alright as long as it's written that there is no proof to this. Although, I believe it has no place in an "encyclopedia"

 * If there's no supporting evidence of the discrepancies, then the answer is to remove the reference to discrepancies, not to counter-argue in the page. Remember, this is an encyclopedia entry, not an essay.

 * The "even if it was true" is only to appease the thought for a minute to keep in mind that even if it were true, the problems are still small compared to Star Wars and other Sci-fi/fantasy/speculative fiction... It's playing the devil's advocate on the POV that was in there originally.

 * References to problems with canonicity in other works are irrelevant. Again, don't play devil's advocate on the page--if something is wrong, get it fixed or removed.
 * The New York Times is a somewhat respectable paper and seeing as you didn't write the "critics" that say negative things about KJA and BN, I think that this is more than a fair argument. If not then here are some critics that have positive things to say and you match it.
 * The New York TIMES book review of House Atreides: "[fans] rejoice in this chance to return to one of science fiction's most appealing futures."

 * PUBLISHERS WEEKLY on DUNE THE BUTLERIAN JIHAD: "The kind of intricate plotting and philosophical musings that would make the elder Herbert proud"

 * The Philadelphia Inquirer on DUNE HOUSE ATREIDES: "A spirited and entertaining adventure... The real pleasure here comes from watching the authors lay out the plot threads that will converge in Dune."

 * Need I go on?

 * These are the blurbs from the book's first pages. We need to reference the full review on those publication's websites.  When publishers get stuff like this, they cut and paste the best parts, to the point of misrepresenting the actual review.

 * Most meaning more say good things than bad... for every negative review you find I'm sure I'll find 2 more positive ones. You have yet to mention one negative one, though.

 * You can say this all you want, but without some quantitative reference (like Rotten Tomatoes does for movies), it's a meaningless assertion.

The dispute between The Dune Encyclopedia is the main issue when you're talking about inconsistencies because the only thing that the prequels contradict with is the aforementioned Dune Encyclopedia. --Zeus69962 00:00, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You're just going to have to deal with the fact that there are many readers who see large discrepancies between the quality and details of the original books and the prequels, without reference to the Dune Encyclopedia. Mentioning the Dune Encyclopedia is a red herring anyway, because it's not canon itself - Frank sometimes contradicted it.

 * By the way, I do agree that, if there's to be a mention of the discrepancies, then examples need to be given. --Justin Johnson 03:24, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You are just arguing for the sake of argument and basically it's either you warn people that this is an opinion of yours or you take the entire thing out. It has no place in an encyclopedia. You are not someone who can judge a work like that nor does it fit in this context. None of the claims you made have any support - support your claims IN FULL, leave my addition to your description or delete it all. Don't just delete the fact that I'm pointing out that it's just an opinion of yours and at least play devils advocate which is the next best thing to being unbiased - which you most definitely aren't. In addition, I've read every single book in the Dune series... Can you say the same? I think you are missing the point in the story. --<IP_ADDRESS> 07:07, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Who wrote this comment? Zeus69962?
 * Anyway, here are my thoughts on this matter, outlaid clearly and with a few arguments, even...
 * The new prequels are not canon. They cannot be canon because they contradict Frank Herbert's thoughts, ideas, plots, characters and most anything else you can think of. I have discussed with others here (Hello Justin) how we are to react to this and we have agreed that articles should be centered around Frank Herbert sources, with added sections or paragraphs detailing B&K additions (possibly with comments on when they stray from Frank H. canon). The Dune encyclopedia has nothing to do with this - I do not count it canon and the canon segment on its own page here at Wikipedia. reflect my views (since I have added to it).
 * Yes, let's write (with cited refs.) that some reviewers liked the new books and some don't. But do not make it out to be only a handful of fans who dislike them. Look over at alt.fan.dune newsgroup - most everyone who has read Frank Herbert seriously loathes what is being done in the new books (me included, I admit). So yes, I am biased, but

I do not want Wikipedia to reflect that bias - but I want it to reflect that Frank Herbert fans dislike the new books and that the books contradict FH's universe, theme and message. :Here are a few discrepancies between Frank Herbert's and B&K's universes (with thanks to alt.fan.dune and "Freakzilla":

 * The construction of the Harkonnen no-room we see in Heretics of Dune happens [in House Atreides]. However, Heretics of Dune firmly establishes that "the whole no-globe complex, some two hundred meters in diameter, was a fossil preserved intact from the time of the Tyrant."
 * Just a glaring mistake which would not have been made if they really had spent as much time as they claim on make the "Dune Accord" factbook.

 * Piter de Vries is addicted to Sappho juice. This is not mentioned at all in Dune, but much is, on the other hand, made of his addiction to spice (which House Atreides doesn't mention).
 * Rather important, spice addiction was an intricate part of Piter's personality and his relationship with the baron.

 * It appears to be general knowledge that the Bene Tleilaxu are religious fanatics. So how come it is such a major revelation for the Bene Gesserit in Heretics of Dune and is not known to any character in the Chronicles before that?

 * Misrepresentation and belittling of the BG's abilities of analysis and knowledge of religion is going directly against what they are and what FH uses them for thematically.

 * Crown Prince Shaddam and Count Fenring take great care to make sure no one discovers that Emperor Elrood has been poisoned. The Almanak en-Ashraf in Dune makes it clear that it was generally known that Elrood "succumbed to chaumurky".
 * Another rather obvious one.

 * House Vernius of Ix is a major player in all the prequels. However, Dune Messiah refers to the Ixian Confederacy, indicating no noble House ruled the planet.

 * "Fixing" a crysknife is explained as "keyed to the body of the owner so it would dissolve upon his death". In Dune it's the other way around: "Fixed knives are treated for storage."
 * They get the krysknives wrong!

 * One of the central plot points is the death of Leto's father, Duke Paulus. This happens before Jessica is born. However, in Dune, Jessica displays what can only be first-hand experience of the Old Duke.

 * We are told in that the Baron Harkonnen is so fat because he was

infected with a disease. The Chronicles pretty much state that it was due to a hereditary disposition and overeating: GEoD [of the Baron]: "He was a fat, monstrous..." "He was a seeker after sensations," Moneo said. "The fat was a side-effect, then perhaps something to experience for itself because it offended people and he enjoyed offending."

 * Again, misrepresentation of characters. The fat was used for more than gross-out effect by FH, but it is belittled only to make room for a plot of some disease and to shock old readers.

 * According to God Emperor of Dune, Duncan had a sister who was killed by Harkonnens. She is nowhere to be seen in House Atreides.

 * God Emperor of Dune also states that the Atreides rescued Duncan from Harkonnen bondage. The events in the prequel don't seem to match this description

 * Gurney and Liet-Kynes meet and become good friends yet when they meet again in Dune they don't recognize each other at all.

 * In Dune, Gurney calls Duke Leto "the man who rescued me from a Harkonnen slave pit, gave me freedom, life, and honor". However, in House Harkonnen he escapes the Harkonnens on his own.

 * The first time Duncan kills someone is when he stabs Trin Kronos (a Moritani) in the back with his sword to save his friend Resser. This takes place on planet Ginaz. Dune [Duncan]: "My sword was firs' blooded on Grumman! Killed a Harkon. . . Harkon . . . killed 'im f'r th' Duke."

 * Paul is born on Kaitan. From the opening paragraph of Dune: "Do not be deceived by the fact that he was born on Caladan and lived his first fifteen years there."

 * The biggest discrepancy (if only because they wrote a whole book on it) is the Jihad, of course.

 * In HA, cyborgs do not violate the tenants of the Butlerian Jihad. According to Chapterhouse: Dune, they do: " "Cyborgs?" [...] Didn't Idaho know the residue of revulsion left by the Butlerian Jihad even among the Bene Gesserit? Cyborg was one of those potpourri words, too. Where did mechanical additions to human flesh become dominant? When was the Cyborg no longer human? [...] The Butlerian Jihad had left its indelible mark on humans. Fought and won . . . for then. And here was another battle in that long-ago conflict."

 * I found some quotes in FH's dune books:
 * "Once men turned their thinking over to machines in the hope that this would set them free. But that only permitted other men with machines to enslave them."

 * One moment he felt himself setting forth on the Butlerian Jihad, eager to destroy any machine which simulated human awareness. That had to be the past -- over and done with. Yet his senses hurtled through the experience, absorbing the most minute details. He heard a minister-companion speaking from a pulpit: "We must negate the machines-that-think. Humans must set their own guidelines. This is not something machines can do. Reasoning depends upon programming, not on hardware, and we are the ultimate program!" He heard the voice clearly, knew his surroundings -- a vast wooden hall with dark windows. Light came from sputtering flames. And his minister-companion said: "Our Jihad is a 'dump program.' We dump the things which destroy us as humans!"

 * This is Leto II remembering, note what he is eager to destroy - not an enslaver, enemy or dangerous thing but "any machine which..." - if FH had thought of this is humans vs. robots, whoever Leto is remembering would want to kill the evil robots, his captors, those things who slay his aunt or something.

 * My point being - the discrepancies are not something fancied by a few rapid fans. They are real, glaring and important to note on in any encyclopedia which takes the subject serious. I do not doubt that there are fans and reviewers who liked the new books (and that should be noted), but they are not the same people who really enjoyed Dune. This is not the place to review things, but I believe we should note that the new books are "space adventure" and follow in the tracks of Flash Gordon, Star Trek and Terminator more than they do the serious SF of Frank Herbert. --Lundse 09:29, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * A few more discrepancies:

 * No-rooms were invented well into the time of The Tyrant--they were one of the advances against prescience he was hoping for -not during House Atreides.
 * The use of "mass voice" in House Harkonnen, where the Baron invades Chapterhouse with a no-ship. Besides the fact that no-ships and no-rooms weren't invented until near the end of The Tyrant's reign, voice has always been about the ability of a trained user to pitch their voice in a way that speaks to the listener's subconscious, requiring at least some personal knowledge of the listener.  The listener is fully aware of the Bene Gesserit using it.  Group use and invisibility are just...
 * Chapterhouse, the planet housing the BG's headquarters, is always kept secret as to its location. There's no way the Baron would know where to find it.

 * You know, Lundse, maybe we have enough here for a 'discrepancies' page! --Justin Johnson 15:49, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Yep, the section under discussion and other relevant articles (Jihad, Mentat) could link to it. That might also be a place to let everyones side be shown, and would make it clear to anyone bothering to check that there is a real case of these matters. For now, I assume we wait a bit and see if there are any response/counterarguments before inserting the new controversy segment below? --Lundse 18:29, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The information about the No-globe could have changed over time as most information does.
 * Every Mentat is addicted to Sappho Juice - every noble/anyone worth anything is addicted to Spice or uses it for a geriatric purpose which by default makes the dependant on it to live thus a form of addiction

 * No one is belittling the BG. In fact, in the Legends series they are extremely powerful telepaths and telekenetic women. It is all explained there. Everyone knows that the Tleilaxu are religious fanatics; because it was a revelation to A BENE GESSERIT does not make it a revelation to them all.

 * In The House series there are people who know/assume that Shaddam had Elrood killed.
 * The story of House Vernius may not be over yet... Remember that there is another series coming out in between the original and the House series'.

 * Jessica does not meet Paulus. All she knows about him is hearsay. She came right before Kalia attempted an assassination of Leto I.

 * The Baron makes it clear in the House Series that he wants people to think that the fat is a result of over indulgence so he wouldn't be judged as weak - I thought that was very clever and in a Feudal system the strong are prided. Some people claim Caesar had an affliction that he hid. I find no problem in this.

 * The Atreides did rescue Duncan from Harkonnen bondage. Read the damn books - It doesn't say exactly how in the originals and KJA + Brian have done a respectable job of recreating this.

 * When Liet met Gurney he was like 10 years old, Gurney was like 20-30... They meet again like 15-20 years later when they are much older and have been through much in their respective lives. Moreover, who would remember some random Fremen kid that they met. Would you remember some little kid that you met for a small period of time... In addition, he was under a different name and identity. That's understandable... In fact, I met someone recently that i didn't recognize and i haven't seen them in under 5 years as opposed to the 15-20 years that they haven't seen each other so i have no qualms about this.  Leto gave Gurney a place to stay and an honorable job after he left the Harkonnens, thus he did rescue him in a way. He just meant that he owed him a debt.  Duncan's killed many people... I'm sure he would forget the first person who he killed.

 * The record states that but he was actually born on Kaitan. He was sent back to Caladan almost instantly that it doesn't matter and how is this prudent to the story at all. Forget Kaitan! One of my friends was born in another country but he came here before his first year and he claims to be born here.

 * In regards to the Butlerian Jihad - I'm sure Frank intended it to be the machine war since he himself wrote "thou shall not make a machine in the likeness of a human". Now if it were just a man vs man war - that wouldn't be the law... It had to be something tragic that was done by someone who made a machine in the likeness of a human - The Titans - They are the humans with technology against the humans without - the cymechs had embodied human brains as well. IN any regard, you can still use your philosophical statement with this machine crusade. It doesn't have to be separate from one another. Maybe the people didn't want to speak the name of the machine/human hybrids anymore... maybe they forgot - who knows - this is 10,000 years prior after all. --<IP_ADDRESS> 20:41, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * All of your speculations/justifications/interpretations are irrelevant to the topic at hand, namely the fact that a large number of Dune fans do care about the discrepancies and don't like the prequels just because of that. That's the issue here, and that's what's being reported on.  What we're trying to do here is come up with a balanced characterization of the dispute that neither endorses nor denies it.  So we say "some fans think this; other fans think that".  You can't deny that the controversy itself exists.

 * You said, in our messenger chat, that you didn't want people to be turned off the prequels by reading that there's controversy over them. Too bad.  There is controversy, and it needs to be described.  We're not here to improve sales for Brian Herbert and KJA.  We're here to neutrally describe the controversy.  The fact that you don't think those fans are justified is irrelevant; the fact that someone may not buy the prequels because of that is irrelevant.

 * If nothing else, your rationalizing of the discrepancies just makes me more disgusted with the prequels because of the back flips you do. Duncan wouldn't remember his first kill?  Who are you kidding?  The Bene Gesserit are telepaths and telekinetics in the prequels, but not in the original series?  It's absurd.  --Justin Johnson 21:08, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Again, I agree. Changing the Bene Gesserit to telepaths completely misses any point they help carry in the original chronicles, and I am sorry for saying this, but the fact that you, Zeus, believe that FH thought of the Jihad as a machine-war is exactly the reason why Wikipedia needs to spell out that these discrepancies are real, so that others who go to read the books do not do violence to the original work in order to try and fit the new work in.

Now, about those inconsistencies...

 * You write:
 * Every Mentat is addicted to Sappho Juice - every noble/anyone worth anything is addicted to Spice or uses it for a geriatric purpose which by default makes the dependant on it to live thus a form of addiction.
 * True about the spice, but if you read Dune, you will find Piter addiction mentioned many times, and FH was too good a writer to have done that without reason. I am not going to analyze the book for you here, but check out the conversations between Piter and the Baron and consider whether it should have been left out.

 * You write:
 * No one is belittling the BG. In fact, in the Legends series they are

extremely powerful telepaths and telekenetic women. It is all explained there. Everyone knows that the Tleilaxu are religious fanatics; because it was a revelation to A BENE GESSERIT does not make it a revelation to them all.
 * Yes, they are powerful telekinesist (is that a word?) and as such uber-awesome in the prequels. But in Dune, they are interesting, mainly because their powers seem realistic and tie in with their philosophy, purpose and theme. The Bene Gesserit of Dune are knowledgeable in politics, sociology and religion - why did they not know that the Tleilaxu were religious? Is your argument that it was just one BG who did not know? If so, that is absurd, the BG in question is far too high in the hierarchy not to know (as would most any BG of any rank, considering the importance in understanding the Tleilaxu). I am sorry, but this an inconsistency, both in what powers they have, and with regards to the Tleilaxu.

 * You write:
 * In regards to the Butlerian Jihad - I'm sure Frank intended it to be the machine war since he himself wrote "thou shall not make a machine in the likeness of a human". Now if it were just a man vs man war - that wouldn't be the law... It had to be something tragic that was done by someone who made a machine in the likeness of a human - The Titans - They are the humans with technology against the humans without - the cymechs had embodied human brains as well. IN any regard, you can still use your philosophical statement with this machine crusade. It doesn't have to be separate from one another. Maybe the people didn't want to speak the name of the machine/human hybrids anymore... maybe they forgot - who knows - this is 10,000 years prior after all.
 * They remember not to build machines, but not why? That is absurd. Please reread the quotes on this above. Please explain how these "Titans" are the "other men" in this quote: "Once men turned their thinking over to machines in the hope that this would set them free. But that only permitted other men with machines to enslave them."
 * And someone talking about the reasons for the jihad (while it is going on): "We must negate the machines-that-think. Humans must set their own guidelines." This is not the rhetoric of someone who is being hunted down by terminators and was formerly a slave of them, please explain why FH would include such a quote if he believed the machines were enslaving humans as per the terminator movies?

 * Your sole argument is that the law against machines must mean that it was machines they fought against. By the same logic, the law against counterfeiting currency means that eg. the US must have fought a war against an army made of false pennies. The argument simple does not hold, sorry. The Butlerian "law" itself clearly points to a religious/philosophical reason. Aside all that, the Heidegger-inspired points of the jihad would be totally lost if it had been a war for survival. --Lundse 21:29, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I've created a Discrepancies (Dune) page where we can neutrally catalog these, along with possible explanations or rationalizations. This way we can simply link the discrepancies in text, rather than deal with them everywhere else.  Later on I'll move as much of what we've listed here to that page.  --Justin Johnson 21:33, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

>>Piter de Vries is addicted to Sappho juice. This is not mentioned at all in Dune, but much is, on the other hand, made of his addiction to spice (which House Atreides doesn't mention).<<

The Piter in the HOUSE books is killed at the end of HOUSE CORRINO, and the Baron requests a new ghola, which is the one who appears in DUNE. Obviously, you haven't even read KJA's & Brian Herbert's novels.

 * You're right, I have read only very little. I have learned a lot

about them, though, in other ways.

>>It appears to be general knowledge that the Tleilaxu are religious fanatics. So how come it is such a major revelation for the Bene Gesserit in Heretics of Dune and is not known to any character in the Chronicles before that?<<

Umm, FIVE THOUSAND YEARS have passed. You can't imagine that the Tleilaxu have managed to change outside perceptions of them in five millennia?

 * No. The BG has archives and are the one group in the dune universe who would never forget something like that. Nor would they fall for a deceptive secularization ploy. Someone trying to make this fit in is, again, exactly the reason why people have to know there are "canonization" issues - so they won't try.

>>Crown Prince Shaddam and Count Fenring take great care to make sure no one discovers that Emperor Elrood has been poisoned. The Almanak en-Ashraf in Dune makes it clear that it was generally known that Elrood "succumbed to chaumurky".

So, obviously, some time after Shaddam was overthrown the secret came out. Duh!!! This is a pointless Question!!!

 * Never mind...

>>House Vernius of Ix is a major player in all the prequels. However, Dune Messiah refers to the Ixian Confederacy, indicating no noble House ruled the planet.

So, there's a Confederacy by the time of Paul's empire and after his Jihad. That says nothing about the government in place at the time of Paul's birth. You are fabricating "inconsistencies" without thinking them through.

 * So the house just got disbanded out of a sudden. I am not saying that is impossible, but it does require yet another step to be made for the two universes to fit together.

>>One of the central plot points is the death of Leto's father, Duke Paulus. This happens before Jessica is born. However, in Dune, Jessica displays what can only be first-hand experience of the Old Duke.<<

This is explained thoroughly in HOUSE CORRINO. Obviously, you haven't read it!

 * Whatever. Does House Corrino state that she met the duke before she was born or that she did not? This is really very simple and does not require reading the books. Either she has met the old duke in HC or she has not. In Dune, she has. Very simple, actually.

>>According to God Emperor of Dune, Duncan had a sister who was killed by Harkonnens. She is nowhere to be seen in House Atreides.

The HOUSE books state that "Duncan's family" was killed by the Harkonnens. In what way does a "sister" not count as part of the "family"??

 * Sorry, I was misinformed.

>>Gurney and Liet-Kynes meet and become good friends yet when they meet again in Dune they don't recognize each other at all.

[You should know the answer to that one]

>> In Dune, Gurney calls Duke Leto "the man who rescued me from a Harkonnen slave pit, gave me freedom, life, and honor". However, in House Harkonnen he escapes the Harkonnens on his own.<<

Have you even read HOUSE HARKONNEN? Gurney couldn't have escaped without the Atreides, and he acknowledges this fully in the prequel novels...

>>the first time Duncan kills someone is when he stabs Trin Kronos (a Moritani) in the back with his sword to save his friend Resser. This takes place on planet Ginaz. Dune [Duncan]: "My sword was firs' blooded on Grumman! Killed a Harkon. . . Harkon . . . killed 'im f'r th' Duke."

Again, you're not reading closely (or at all). When Duncan stabs Kronos, he is not using his own sword.

 * This is nitpicking.

 * And silly. --maru (talk) contribs 19:34, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

>>Paul is born on Kaitan. From the opening paragraph of Dune: "Do not be deceived by the fact that he was born on Caladan and lived his first fifteen years there."

That's been explained numerous times, too. That's a quote from Irulan's propaganda as she is trying to build the myth of Muad'Dib at a time where Kaitain and Shaddam are completely discredited. (Details of those events are to be shown in the "Paul of Dune" trilogy.)

All of those quibbles have clear answers if you would only look for them. Unfortunately, it seems those who continue to propagate this are frantically looking for "errors" without looking for solutions at all.

 * I see you are avoiding the two main issues, The Jihad and the BG's psychic powers. Please respond to them and let's forget the small nitpicks.

and now the coup de grâce..

In the original DUNE MOVIE intro, there is a sequence in which it explains the Dune chronology and backstory. There is a mention of "thinking machines" in there with detailed pictures and the aforementioned war. Although, that movie is not the best thing to base canonicity on, it just serves to show that Frank did authorize, if not create, a "thinking machine war concept" while he was still alive; which by default negates the entire "controversy" section entirely... Thus, Brian could not have fabricated it and insinuating that he fabricated the documents thereof is just in spite of your feelings towards them.

 * I am sorry, I do not remember that scene. And the movie was completely of base in so many areas that it hardly matters what it says - but if it was Lynch or one of the people mucking up his work who invented the AI vs human angle, that is interesting.
 * It should be deleted... Once again, it has no purpose in an encyclopedia if anywhere at all.

--Zeus69962 06:51, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

I am sorry if I was misinformed about the prequels, but there are still discrepancies which I believe to be far too glaring to say the books are part of the same universe. These are:

The Bene Gesserit "forgetting" that the Tleilaxu are religious fanatics. Even if they changed their opinion it is weird how in later books they do not realize "we were wrong" but that they think "we just discovered something entirely new and unthought-of".

Bene Gesserit wielding psychic powers. This is thematically catastrophic, but it also raises the question of why they never use those powers or even think of them (we have a *lot* of internal dialogue of BGs) in Dune and beyond.

The Butlerian Jihad. I will not restate my arguments that FH did not see it as an AI vs human conflict, I will only ask that you try responding to some of those arguments.

I am still hoping we can discuss this (and to others reading in, I am sorry if this seems fanboy nitpicking to you all - if so encouraged I will be willing to move this discussion to private talk pages). Lundse 12:28, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

>>The Bene Gesserit "forgetting" that the Tleilaxu are religious fanatics. Even if they changed their opinion it is weird how in later books they do not realize "we were wrong" but that they think "we just discovered something entirely new and unthought-of".

That is just pretentiousness on the part of the BG... which is very common amongst them. Plus, they probably don't want to admit it... But the main point is history is 1) written by the victors, 2) bits and pieces get lost and 3) things change - sometimes.

 * What is just pretentiousness? That they know something about history?

I am beginning to doubt that you have read the original novels, and you certainly do not sound like you have understood them. And how can they "not want to admit something" in an internal dialogue? And how exactly has history been rewritten by the victors in this case? And that things "change - sometimes" means what? That suddenly the Tleilaxu never were religious fanatics, that everyones memories of them change? If you are going to take that line, you might as well claim that Star Trek and Dune is the same universe, people just forgot, history was rewritten and things have changed...

>>Bene Gesserit wielding psychic powers. This is thematically catastrophic, but it also raises the question of why they never use those powers or even think of them (we have a *lot* of internal dialogue of BGs) in Dune and beyond.

I'm not going to say this again - EVOLUTION!! Things change over time... That is one of the main themes in the DUNE saga... Especially in Children of Dune onwards.

 * Evolution? How is evolution going to remove a useful trait like

psychic powers? I do not believe you fully understand what the word means... And are you claiming that one the main themes of the chronicles is that sometimes, things change for no apparent reason and without any explanation and therefore so should basic facts of the universe?

>>The Butlerian Jihad. I will not restate my arguments that FH did not see it as an AI vs human conflict, I will only ask that you try responding to some of those arguments.

I don't understand what you mean here?? but I already explained that Frank Herbert DID see it as an AI VS Human conflict - or at least authorized it while he was still alive... Watch the Dune movie Intro - They explain the Thinking Machines and their rule over humanity with pictures... clear as a sunny day in July with no pollution. Please stop persisting in this outlandish theory and please get your facts straight before posting in here.

here is the aforementioned picture directly from the Movie for your enjoyment:

http://duneinfo.com/giedi_prime/dvd/prologue/images/thinking.jpg

and also this...

http://duneinfo.com/giedi_prime/dvd/prologue/images/jihad.jpg

look at who the humans are attacking

as well as this...who is that who is enslaving the humans in this picture - could it be the thinking machines? :)

http://duneinfo.com/giedi_prime/dvd/prologue/images/slaves.jpg

and a next picture again - This one is from before the Butlerian Jihad about humans in a state of apathy leading to the BJ.

http://duneinfo.com/giedi_prime/dvd/prologue/images/happy.jpg

Is this proof enough for those of who you sprout these theories (if not of Frank creating it himself) then of him at least authorizing it. Ergo, Brian COULD NOT have falsified the documents and created this himself.

Point final et le cas a fermé... N'est pas? Let's shut down this controversy section! It has no place here and is filled with misconstrued statements stemming from your spite for KJA and Brian. This is POV to the extreme.

 * The movie is not canon, neither are the prologue made for the DVD,

nor the pictures you have shown - they are irrelevant and muddling the issue (though quite interesting). I have given you many Frank Herbert quotes that contradict what you are claiming. Please try responding to these.

>>I am still hoping we can discuss this (and to others reading in, I am sorry if this seems fanboy nitpicking to you all - if so encouraged I will be willing to move this discussion to private talk pages)

I am willing to discuss any matter you have pertaining to Dune as long as you are able to think of solutions to the problems instead of persisting that KJA and Brian are the devil. KJA and Brian have done a remarkable job at continuing the Dune story and this is an insult to their hard work. The most important thing is that it DOES NOT belong in an encyclopedia... I can't stress that enough... People will go on believing these ludicrous theories which have no back-up.

 * I am willing to discuss this, you do not seem to be so inclined. When

you are ready to have a serious discussion, I will still be waiting. Try replying to one of my arguments, otherwise do not bother. Until you begin discussing this seriously, I will revert your edits to the effect that there is no controversy and no discrepancies. And calling someone a terrorist because you do not agree with them is simply too low. --Lundse 21:42, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

Zeus69962 21:28, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

I removed that comment long ago... the only way you could have read it is looking through the history. I did not call you that directly, my point was that these things have no basis and you propagating it is just to hurt Brian and KJA for no reason.

Did you see the pictures about the thinking machines? What question did I not reply to? I hope that suffices to satiate your problems about inconsistencies.

Do you have any other questions about these issues? If not please delete the controversy section.

and what exactly does this mean? "Until you begin discussing this seriously, I will revert your edits to the effect that there is no controversy and no discrepancies." I hope it means that you will delete the controversy section and not delete my answers to your issues. Indeed there is no controversy except for those that people create without just cause.

Zeus69962 21:52, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

>>Evolution? How is evolution going to remove a useful trait like psychic powers? I do not believe you fully understand what the word means... And are you claiming that one the main themes of the chronicles is that sometimes, things change for no apparent reason and without any explanation and therefore so should basic facts of the universe?

The "psychic powers" of the sisters of Rossak, when used killed them. Thus, it would be detrimental to their current health to use it. Secondly, the only reason that they did use it was because circumstances were so dire. In most occasions, they chose not to use it unless they had to.

>>The movie is not canon, neither are the prologue made for the DVD, nor the pictures you have shown - they are irrelevant and muddling the issue (though quite interesting). I have given you many Frank Herbert quotes that contradict what you are claiming. Please try responding to these.

I concurred to the fact that the movie should not be the basis of canonicity but my point was that if anything IT SERVES TO SHOW THAT BRIAN DID NOT MAKE IT UP! Nor is there ANY reason to assume that he fabricated the notes thereof... That's all I was saying about that!

Any other questions?

Zeus69962 22:02, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

Suggested Rewrite Of 'Controversies' Section
Below is the text of the controversies section. I've made some changes to it. Please make your changes to the same paragraph:

 * Since his death a controversy among a segment of his fans is whether the new Dune books by Brian Herbert and Kevin Anderson should be considered canonical (see --Dune Discrepancies for more detail). Some critics have argued that the prequel books do not have the quality of the original series and lack the articulation of complex ideas about human life that were such a concern of Frank Herbert. Brian Herbert has said that his father had asked him to write further Dune novels (particularly the story of the Butlerian Jihad). Further, Brian is the acknowledged estate of his father, and the two did collaborate on some earlier works; some interpret this to mean that the new books follow Frank's wishes and intent, while others disagree, citing apparent discrepancies in facts and themes betweenthe original books and the new ones.

 * Brian Herbert says that he has, in his possession, notes and outlines made by Frank Herbert for two more books (7 & 8) in the Dune universe, sequels to --Chapterhouse: Dune entitled --Hunters of Dune and Sandworms of Dune respectively. A few fans have expressed doubt that Brian Herbert has the notes and outlines, citing the aforementioned divergence from their interpretation of Frank Herbert's vision and alleging that the reappearance of the notes is conspicuously convenient.  Against that, it has been argued that Brian is Frank's legal heir, so all of Frank's notes would necessarily be in Brian's possession; likewise, it's widely known that Frank Herbert worked on multiple books simultaneously and kept copious notes.

 * Another minor controversy in this is between the fans who view the Dune Encyclopedia as mostly canonical (i.e., except where Frank Herbert himself contradicted it), and cite discrepancies between it and Brian Herbert's books. This is a minor point, since Frank Herbert did not regard it as canonical, and didn't hesitate to contradict it, though he did find it "interesting and entertaining". Regardless of opinion, Brian is the heir to Frank Herbert's estate and its creative properties, so his additions to the Dune universe are prima facie canon where the Dune Encyclopedia is concerned.

Zeus, you can't seriously be proposing that words like "faction", "haranguing", "tirade" are NPOV. Furthermore, putting the positions of critics inside scare-quotes serves to demean their position, and is also POV.

I'm beginning to doubt that you're acting in good faith here. If you don't start taking this more seriously, I'm going to give up trying to engage you here and simply patrol these pages, reverting the POV changes you make without comment.

This isn't a battle of right and wrong, it's about accurately reporting what's happening. --Justin Johnson 23:31, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * We need to find a new word for "claim" since that word is POV as well then... I just put those words in front of your statements since you put claims in front of the things that Brian has said that he has.That belittles him and insinuates that he is a mendacious person or clandestine in an attempt to cover something up.

 * The thing about this is that you do not answer my questions, you just stick with your beliefs without thinking about variables like time (the subsequent effects of which) and evolution of characters/civilizations/technology. Moreover, you reject ideas of characters forgetting things or loosing information when that was a main theme from GOD EMPEROR onwards - facts in history go through a 'broken telephone' type concept and stuff ends up getting distorted. In any regard the beliefs that you have regarding canonicity are up to interpretation; many people agree with Brian and KJA's interpretation

and they are in control. I just don't see a point in arguing these little problems when the larger battle is Star Wars and all that Lucas has stolen from Dune while reaping all the benefits. In addition, compared to the inaccuracies in Star Wars and other speculative fiction (even if these are correct - which i stand by the fact that it's an opinion based thing) there aren't many problems... but once again you are not thinking in the larger sense - the only constant thing is that things persistently change. --Zeus69962 00:42, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm done with you. This is not about Star Wars, this is not about rationalizing the discrepancies, this is not about who is in control of the legacy.  This is about presenting a factual matter of the fan base that you refuse to acknowledge because you fear that acknowledging it somehow justifies it.  You don't understand the purpose of Wikipedia and you don't understand what we're doing here.

 * Until you acknowledge this, I'm going to patrol this page and continue to revert any of your changes that I feel are POV. You might note that I've not reverted several of your changes that I felt were appropriate.

 * Also, the next time you remove text on the talk page that I've put there, I'm going to report you to the administrators here for vandalism. --Justin Johnson 00:48, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

 * This is to let Zeus69962 know that I am done discussing with him on this page. If anyone else wishes to take up the torch and discuss the matter of inconsistencies and KJA & Brian's additions, I will happily do so - but until someone is willing to argue my points I will let them stand as they are. --Lundse 21:58, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Anything that I have said here is the truth unless proven otherwise. Which has yet to be done. Moreover, this section shouldn't be here. I have answered everything. I'm sure this conflicts with KJA and Brian's Legal rights. --Zeus69962

 * What on earth are you talking about? This article and all its contents have exactly nothing to do with the terrible duo's legal rights until it ventures into libel territory, which we are light years from. --maru

(talk) contribs 04:36, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The controversy section is untrue - refer to my answers. It is slander. it is a misrepresentation of the facts of someone's creative work in an encyclopedia with the purpose of hurting their image. Aside from the legality, it conflicts with Wikipedia's policies for sure. --Zeus69962 04:52, 18 March 2006 (UTC)
 * refer here to read the truth
 * http://www.psychcentral.com/psypsych/Frank_Herbert#Controversies

--Zeus69962 05:32, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Bullshit. It is not untrue; it is a neutral summary of along-standing argument within the Dune fandom (which I feel a

little qualified to assess, being part of it). It misrepresents no facts. And you are wildly accusing the editors of seeking to hurt the terrible duo's reputation- which is a lot closer to slander than the section itself, let me tell you.
 * As for policies... I see no policies violated. Unless it is your verging-on-personal attacks here. --maru (talk) contribs 06:46, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Watch your language! and no it is not there are no "apparent discrepancies in facts and themes between the original books and the new ones" if there are, anyone has yet to prove it. Plus, claiming that Brian fabricated the notes is outlandish. In addition, my retaliatory attacks were provoked and have been dealt with long ago. --Zeus69962

 * As well, you referring to KJA and Brian as "The Terrible Duo" is extremely POV and should not be allowed here. This is not a forum and should not be used for unfounded information.

 * So now you want to censor my language on talk pages, as well?

There are indeed discrepancies; I refer you to the FAQ of the terrible duo's website: [http://www.dunenovels.com/FAQ.html http://www.dunenovels.com/FAQ.html]. --maru (talk) contribs 17:52, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Vulgarities and opinions do not belong in an encyclopedia - These questions all have answers and thus are not "discrepancies". If you want to write opinions, do so on a forum. --Zeus69962 18:21, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Note that this is not part of the article. This is a talk page. --maru (talk) contribs 20:32, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

I fully agree with Zeus on this. All of these questions have answers and you are continuing the propagation of obviously uninformed opinions as he has said. You obviously have not read the books or you haven't read them well. If you had then you would see that you are wrong in this and that all of these questions have been addressed at some point in time. This is wrong! I am going to report you! --Kwisatz Haderach 00100 22:38, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Also, that article is a rip off of the article that Zeus showed here. As well as propagating uninformed opinions, you are entering plagiarized work in here that you altered to make slant negatively. That conflicts with Wikipedia's copyright policy in many ways! --Kwisatz Haderach 00100 22:44, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Thank you! It seems someone else ACTUALLY knows something here about the story. --Zeus69962 22:54, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You dumb git. You think an obvious sock puppet will change anything? No doubt the facts do not matter to you, but you might find actually reading the whole of the article (and especially the bottom) enlightening. --maru

(talk) contribs 23:35, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Marudubshinki, you obviously do not know what you are talking about. Refer to the sandbox to make foolish claims, not here! --Zeus69962 23:40, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * This is a direct quote from Dune: The Battle of Corrino (2004) by Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson based on the notes of Frank Herbert.

 * "The gravest error a thinking person can make is to believe that one particular version of history is absolute fact. History is recorded by a series of observers, none of whom is impartial. The facts are distorted by sheer passage of time and - especially in the case of the Butlerian Jihad - thousands of years of humanity's dark ages, deliberate misrepresentations by religious sects, and the inevitable corruption that comes from an accumulation of careless mistakes. The wise person, then, views history as a set of lessons to be learned, choices and ramifications to be considered and discussed, and mistakes that should never again be made." -PRINCESS Irulan, preface to the History of the Butlerian Jihad
 * --Zeus69962 23:37, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Zeus is right. --Anon.

 * Am I the only one who's starting to believe that Zeus IS Brian Herbert himself or possibly his agent? -Robrecht 18:40, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * That's just silly- I doubt those two would have this much free time. They are obviously just misguided fanboys. Besides, I'd like to think that BH couldn't write as badly as Zeus and his sockpuppets if he tried. --maru (talk) contribs 18:49, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Does it matter who I am; just know that the person to whom you are refering to knows what he is saying... Read the books and you'd know that. All of these questions have a subsequent answer. Most of which I have already answered myself.

--Zeus69962 20:24, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Refer here for most of the answers - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Lundse/Zeus69962_Dune_discrepancy_discussion

Zeus69962 23:12, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Zeus' reasoning seems very logical. I request that this be removed Leeshy 02:53, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

I totally agree with zeus on this. These questions are without merit and all have rational answers. I think it should be taken out as well. It shouldn't be here. It is not a controversy.Nat18327 05:06, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Frank Herbert/Archive 2


text:
User:Goody444

Please refrain from adding nonsense to Wikipedia, as you did to Peter Helf. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Joe 00:22, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Goody444


text:
J. D. H. Stewart

Colonel John Donald Hamill Stewart, CMG (15 October 1845 – 26 September 1884) was a British soldier. He accompanied General Gordon to Khartoum in 1884 as his assistant. He died in September 1884 attempting to run the blockade from the besieged city at the hands of the Manasir tribesmen and followers of Muhammad Ahmad Al-Mahdi.

Military career
Stewart was appointed a Cornet in the British 11th Hussars in 1865. In 1882 Lieutenant Colonel Stewart was instructed to prepare a report on the Sudan where Muhammad Ahmad Al-Mahdi was defying the Egyptian Government with success. After a journey to Khartoum and return to Egypt the "Report on the Soudan" (1883) was finished.

He returned with Gordon as second-in-command on his journey to Khartoum commencing with departure from Victoria station in February 1884. Wounded during the siege, Stewart led an attempt to break the blockade aboard the Steamer Abbas in September 1884, along with the British consul Frank Power (who was also the correspondent from The Times), the French consul Léon Herbin, and other residents of Khartoum. The attempt failed when the Abbas ran aground on a rock near Abu Hamad. All passengers and crew were killed by Arab tribes ashore. Gordon learned of this a few weeks later when he received a letter from the Mahdi that quoted from letters that Stewart had been carrying with him on the Abbas.

Legacy
Richard Johnson portrayed Stewart in the film Khartoum.

title: J. D. H. Stewart


text:
Cell Biology/Membranes/Cholesterol

<< Phospholipids | Cholesterol | Semi-permeability and Osmosis >>

Cholesterol is a major component of cell membranes and serves many other functions as well. Cholesterol helps to 'pack' phospholipids in the membranes, thus giving more rigidity to the membranes. In colder conditions cholesterol also serves to keep the fluidity in the cell membrane, by keeping space in between the phospholipids. Also cholesterol serves diverse functions such as: it is converted to vitamin D (if irradiated with Ultra Violet light, modified to form steroid hormones, and is modified to bile acids to digest fats.

title: Cell Biology/Membranes/Cholesterol


text:
Zay Initiative

The Zay Initiative (مبادرة زِيّ) is a non-profit UK registered fashion Digital library and collection archive. The Zay Initiative, founded in 2019, owns and manages the world-first Arab dress-history archive. The word ‘Zay’ means ‘Dress’ in Arabic.

Background
The Zay Initiative is a non-profit, UK registered initiative, advancing the preservation of both the tangible and intangible cultural heritage through the collection, documentation, and digital archiving of Arab historical attire and their stories. Through their work, events, and collection, they help sustain global cross-cultural dialogue. It was founded in 2018 by Reem El Mutwall.

The Collection
The constantly growing collection is a contextualization of over 1500 costumes and objects of adornment from the Arab world extending through the Silk Road and dating back to 1800s. A growing collection of Arab dress and adornment celebrating human narrative. The core of the collection is based on UAE traditional dress, with additional key examples from Yemen, Morocco, Kuwait, Iraq, Syria, Tunisia, Egypt, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and other Arab cultures. The Zay Initiative is focused on growing a traditional dress collection with examples from across the Arab world alongside relevant pieces from Iran, India, China, Ottoman Turkey and elsewhere that highlight the exchange of historical influence along the Silk Road.

Mission
The Zay Initiative aims to collect, document and conserve Arab dress and adornment and promote an understanding of the evolution of regional culture. In summary, the Five Pillars of the Zay Initiative are:
 * Collect, document and conserve Arab dress and adornment.
 * Present and contextualise through a digital archive and blog.
 * Encourage intercultural dialogue to highlight shared humanity.
 * Inspire and educate designers to create for a sustainable future.
 * Empower women regionally and globally by bringing their untold stories to life.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
The Zay Initiative is committed to The UN's 17 Global Goals for Sustainable Development - agreed by 193 government entities worldwide - that aim to bring about an improved standard of living to all people by 2030. The Zay Initiative closely align with:
 * 4) Quality Education
 * 5) Gender Equality
 * 11) Sustainable Cities and Communities
 * 16) Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions

title: Zay Initiative


text:
St. Anthony Park Branch Library

The St. Anthony Park Branch Library is a branch of the Saint Paul Public Library in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. A Carnegie library built in 1917, it is on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1999 a rotunda was built on to the back of the building. This new section houses the branch's children's collection, one of the largest in Saint Paul.

Although one of Saint Paul's smaller library branches at 10590 sqft, the St. Anthony Park Branch circulated 265,776 items in 2005, making it the third-busiest branch in the city. The on-site collection numbered 55,175 items that same year. The branch is open 44 hours per week, Monday to Saturday.

The library branch is considered an icon of the Saint Anthony Park neighborhood. Primary user groups are neighborhood residents, students and faculty from the nearby University of Minnesota's St. Paul Campus and Luther Seminary, and students from two nearby public schools. One-third of users come from Minneapolis and suburban Ramsey County. To serve the many U of M graduate students and their families from who are from Asia, the branch has the city's primary collection of Chinese and Korean language materials.

The St. Anthony Park Branch is unique in having its own community advocacy group, the St. Anthony Park Library Association (SAPLA), in addition to the overall Friends of the St. Paul Public Library. The annual St. Anthony Park Arts Festival began on the library's front lawn and now sprawls for more than a block. During the festival, which is the first Saturday in June, the library holds a very large used book sale.

title: St. Anthony Park Branch Library


text:
Top-rated United States television programs of 1964–65

This table displays the top-rated primetime television series of the 1964–65 season as measured by Nielsen Media Research.


text:
Olympic oaks

The Olympic oaks or, informally, Hitler oaks are the English oak trees grown from the year-old saplings given to the gold medal winners of the 1936 Olympic Games, in Berlin, which was seen as Adolf Hitler's games. They were called "Olympic oaks" at the time. Not many are known, and fewer have survived. Not all of the trees, if any, were presented by Hitler; Lovelock's, for example, was presented by Dr Theodor Lewald, and Boardman's was collected by members of his crew. 130 gold medals were awarded, and a corresponding number of trees.

Germany
While the largest number of oaks were given to German athletes, who won the most medals, many are said to be planted near the stadium, though no record was kept, and they would be difficult to identify among the many oaks in the vicinity.

New Zealand

 * Jack Lovelock's tree is at Timaru Boys' High School.

South Korea

 * Sohn Kee-chung's tree is at his memorial hall, Malli-dong, Seoul.

Sweden

 * Ivar Johansson's tree is in Folkparken, Norrköping. The tree was first planted in Johansson's private garden, but in 1960 it was donated to the city of Norrköping.

United Kingdom

 * The sapling presented to Jack Beresford was planted in the grounds of Bedford School. It was removed many years later when building work was undertaken. The wood was used to make presentation shields for the rowing club.
 * Harold Whitlock's sapling was presented to Hendon School, and was removed due to fungal disease in July 2007.
 * Christopher Boardman's oak was planted in How Hill, Norfolk but was eventually killed by honey fungus. In early 2017 the remaining tree stump was carved into a sailing boat and olympic rings.

United States

 * Jesse Owens won four gold medals and so had four trees.
 * One tree was planted at James Rhodes High School in Cleveland, Ohio.
 * One may have been planted at Ohio State University.
 * As of 2022, Cornelius Johnson's tree was still standing in the yard of his childhood home in Koreatown, Los Angeles.
 * John Woodruff (Connellsville, Pennsylvania) was the first African American to win gold in the 1936 Olympics (800 Meters). He brought his oak home to Connellsville and planted it in the northwest corner of the High School Stadium (Campbell Field) in Connellsville where it was still standing as of 2022.
 * Ken Carpenter was a student at the University of Southern California (USC). His Olympic Oak was planted on the main USC campus, where it still grows behind Bovard Auditorium.

title: Olympic oaks


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/offersus.com

Links

 * offersus.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Users
No users found.

Additions
No additions recorded.


text:
ponce wheel

Noun

 * 1) A small metal wheel with evenly spaced points or spikes used for making a series of small holes in soft material such as fabric, leather, wood or paper, so as to leave an indelible but hardly visible mark.

title: ponce wheel


text:
File:Menudo - Rayo de Luna.ogg

 * Sound sample from the song "Rayo De Luna"
 * Song length: 24 seconds
 * Reduced quality: Yes
 * Source : Evolución
 * Songwriter(s): Alejandro Monroy, Claudio Villa
 * Performed by: Menudo
 * Producer(s):
 * Copyright © 1984 RCA

Rationale of fair use for "Ricky Martin" sample
This is a sound sample from a commercial recording. Its inclusion here is claimed as fair use because:
 * It illustrates an educational article that specifically discusses the song from which this sample was taken. The section of music used is discussed in the article in relation to the song's lyrics, musical and vocal style, and may contain part of the song's chorus.
 * It is a sample of no more than 30 seconds from a much longer recording, and could not be used as a substitute for the original commercial recording or to recreate the original recording.
 * It is of a lower quality than the original recording.
 * It is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted sample of comparable educational value.
 * It is believed that this sample will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute the original recording.
 * The audio sample is a copyrighted work. U.S. copyright laws apply to this work. Should a free or public domain sample be located, it should be used in place of this audio sample.

title: File:Menudo - Rayo de Luna.ogg


text:
Asaji Kobayashi

Asaji Kobayashi (小林 朝治, 10 January 1898 – 5 August 1939) was a Japanese painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics. He committed suicide by jumping from a bridge in 1939.

title: Asaji Kobayashi


text:
nonallergic

Adjective

 * 1) Not allergic.
 * 2) That does not cause an allergic response; nonallergenic.

title: nonallergic


text:
caramellare

Verb

 * 1)  to caramelize (sugar)
 * 2)  to coat (fruit) with caramel
 * 3)  to color (soft drinks, etc.) with caramel
 * 4)  to sweeten (bad news)

title: caramellare