text:
Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2019 September 28

September 28
This is a list of redirects that have been proposed for deletion or other action on September 28, 2019.

Yugoslav Milicija
 Closed discussion, see full discussion. Result was:

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:17, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Yugoslav Milicija → Militia (Yugoslavia) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Milicija&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

This is half a WP:FORRED: "milicija" is Croatian while "Yugoslav" is English. I don't see how this is a particularly useful combination; if the redirect were entirely in Croatian, it would be different, but since it is half English, its utility is likely diminished. I thus suggest deletion. ComplexRational (talk) 23:47, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 *  Speedily delete per nom. --Soumyabrata (talk • subpages) 17:38, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Why does every redirect need to be speedily deleted outside the criteria? Geolodus (talk) 16:57, 1 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete per nom as an implausible redirect due to the mixing of two languages. -- Black Falcon (talk) 20:08, 29 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete per above, not to mention that even if it were entirely in Croatian it would probably fail WP:FORRED anyway. Zeke, the Mad Horrorist  (Speak quickly) (Follow my trail) 04:00, 1 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Croatian was spoken in Yugoslavia, although the state had no official language. Geolodus (talk) 16:57, 1 October 2019 (UTC)
 * , Yugoslavia had an official language, but none at federal level. Serbo-Croatian was official in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia (with Vojvodina and Kosovo) and Montenegro. Slovene was official in Slovenia, Macedonian was official in Macedonia, Albanian was official in Kosovo, while Hungarian had some special status in Hungarian speaking towns in Vojvodina. However, in Croatia the official language was by the 1974 constitution "Croatian or Serbian". --Koreanovsky (talk) 20:45, 4 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Well, that's why I wrote "the state", meaning the upper-level government. Geolodus (talk) 06:13, 5 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Hey! Sorry for the late reply! ;) If you say it is outside the criteria of the English Wikipedia, feel free to delete it! There is a reason why I made this redirect. The article was originally named "Yugoslav Militsiya" which is absolutely wrong, since the word "Militsiya" is the Russian transcription for "милиция", the Russian law inforcement until 2011 (If I am not wrong). As you can see, I did it to show that the term "Militsiya" is totally wrong when it comes to Yugoslavia and the Yugoslav Militia (Milicija) since it is not comparable with the Soviet and/or Russian one. Greetings, Koreanovsky (talk) 20:45, 4 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the explanation. I cannot delete it myself as I am not an admin, and even if I were, this redirect doesn't meet any of the speedy deletion criteria. It is best to discuss here in cases like this, especially when different opinions may come into play. ComplexRational (talk) 21:50, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

ESPN MLB Baseball
 Closed discussion, see full discussion. Result was:

 * The result of the discussion was retarget  to ESPN Major League Baseball. — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:18, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * ESPN MLB Baseball → ESPN Major League Baseball (video game) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ESPN_MLB_Baseball&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

I would think that the primary topic is ESPN Major League Baseball, especially since "MLB Baseball" does not seem to be specific shorthand for the video game. If it is being searched in this way, the more intuitive target seems to be the more generic article, so I'm proposing a retarget there. ComplexRational (talk) 23:40, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Retarget per nom. I just added a hatnote to ESPN Major League Baseball to avoid potential confusion. - Eureka Lott 23:50, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Retarget per nom. James-the-Charizard (talk to me!) (contribs) 00:30, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Retarget per nom.  GaɱingFørFuɲ 3 6 5 09:01, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Retarget per nom. ESPN MLB should be created though as this version is redundant. AngusWOOF  ( bark  •  sniff ) 17:02, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Heh. Do we need to create Template:R from RAS syndrome? - Eureka Lott 20:40, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Possible(?): Who knows. Benjaminkirsc (talk) 10:19, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

Lede improvement team
 Closed discussion, see full discussion. Result was:

 * The result of the discussion was Speedily Deleted  . By Anthony Appleyard. (non-admin closure) James-the-Charizard (talk to me!) (contribs) 13:52, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Lede improvement team → Wikipedia:WikiProject Lead Improvement Team (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lede_improvement_team&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Cross-namespace redirect; unlikely search target (1view/90d) –xenotalk 23:05, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete as a relatively recently created cross-namespace redirect to a small WikiProject with just 14 listed participants. The redirect has no significant incoming links, few pageviews, and no useful history. -- Black Falcon (talk) 20:11, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete as the creator I'd be fine with this.   Discant  X  02:17, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

 * I've tagged for speedy per WP:G7 per the above post. Zeke, the Mad Horrorist  (Speak quickly) (Follow my trail) 03:22, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

Discendo discimus
 Closed discussion, see full discussion. Result was:

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:20, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Discendo discimus → Docendo discimus (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Discendo_discimus&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Misleading redirect. Both titles in Latin, the target is a disambiguation page for the phrase translating to "By teaching, we learn", the redirect translates to "By learning, we learn" which is rather different and doesn't really pertain to anything on the dab page. Wug·a·po·des 20:46, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete Redundant in Latin, not a spelling mistake we need to account for with a redirect. Zeke, the Mad Horrorist  (Speak quickly) (Follow my trail) 22:09, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete as misleading, per nom. -- Black Falcon (talk) 20:13, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom -- Lenticel ( talk ) 07:04, 1 October 2019 (UTC)

Palestine mountain gazelle
 Closed discussion, see full discussion. Result was:

 * The result of the discussion was Keep.  There is consensus that this is an appropriate redirect. Whether the redirect should be mentioned in the lead can be determined on the appropriate talk page. Wug·a·po·des 21:38, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Palestine mountain gazelle → Mountain gazelle (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palestine_mountain_gazelle&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

The target has nothing to do with this redirect. This gazelle is distributed in the whole Middle East and I didn't find any scholar mention of it as Palestine Gazelle Arthistorian1977 (talk) 17:24, 12 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete This is part of the latest disruption by SD to create disruption in articles that have nothing to do with the IP conflict. The mountain gazelle is called the mountain gazelle and there is one article that calls it "Palestine Gazelle" and he is trying to now label that, when IUCN and others don't. We should not be changing articles, and certainly not leads for disruptive purposed. But certainly this is not a redirect that people would use to get to this article. Sir Joseph (talk) 17:28, 12 September 2019 (UTC)

, Ramat Handaiv:, Bovids of the World p 129. This shows that the name is well established and used in a long list of reliable sources. --Supreme Deliciousness (talk) 21:50, 12 September 2019 (UTC)
 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
 * Keep "Palestine mountain gazelle" is a real name for Mountain gazelle (Gazella gazella): The Guardian:, The Davidson Institute of Science Education:, Antelopes: North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia p 100 :
 * Keep without commenting on whether it's an appropriate inclusion in the target's lead, if this is a name that has been used in RS to refer to the animal then a redirect is appropriate. signed,Rosguill talk 03:56, 13 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep per Rosguill. It is unclear from the sources whether this is simply an alternate common name for the mountain gazelle or a subspecies (or the two possibilities are being conflated), but in either case a redirect to mountain gazelle is appropriate. Rlendog (talk) 15:11, 16 September 2019 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Steel1943  (talk) 14:30, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
 * Keep. In one way, redirects are different from most other content: they don't require scholarly or other expert backing to exist.  All that matters is whether people are likely to use a string to search for something: if the string commonly represents something, it should be a redirect to it.  The provided links demonstrate that "Palestine mountain gazelle" commonly represents the animal covered in the Mountain gazelle article, so regardless of the reliability of the links, this is a good redirect.  Nyttend (talk) 02:34, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep - well-established common name. NorthBySouthBaranof (talk) 05:59, 27 September 2019 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Steel1943  (talk) 19:29, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

Fdf.dk

 * The result of the discussion was keep  . (non-admin closure)  Steel1943  (talk) 13:18, 7 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Fdf.dk → Frivilligt Drenge- og Pige-Forbund (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fdf.dk&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

SPAM The Banner  talk 14:43, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
 * Keep as a normal r from domain name. - Eureka Lott 21:28, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Steel1943  (talk) 19:29, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep per Eureka Lott. How is this spam? -- Black Falcon (talk) 20:14, 29 September 2019 (UTC)

Other Stuff Exists

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:20, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Other Stuff Exists → Wikipedia:Other stuff exists (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Other_Stuff_Exists&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Cross-namespace redirect; unlikely search target (1 view past 90 days) –xenotalk 18:08, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete as a cross-namespace redirect. Wug·a·po·des 19:16, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 *  Speedily delete per nom. --Soumyabrata (talk • subpages) 17:38, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Why speedily? -- Black Falcon (talk) 20:16, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete as a cross-namespace redirect to an essay (not even guideline or policy). The redirect has no significant incoming links, few pageviews, and no useful page history. -- Black Falcon (talk) 20:16, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete: Deletion seems like uncontroversial maintenance to me. flowing dreams (talk page) 10:07, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

Godot3D

 * The result of the discussion was speedily deleted  (R3) by User:Ritchie333. -- Black Falcon (talk) 05:01, 1 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Godot3D → Godot (game engine) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godot3D&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Not mentioned in target article. Seems implausible, created by a user known for implausible and/or ambiguous redirects that have been discussed here. 12 page views since creation. The SandDoctor Talk 16:29, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom.  GaɱingFørFuɲ 3 6 5 09:14, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete: as WP:CSD: The editor that created this has some bizarre obsession with creating nonsensical redirects. Let's not waste any more time on this. Toddst1 (talk) 09:40, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete: Godot is both 2D and 3D. This title is erroneous. flowing dreams (talk page) 10:21, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

T:motu

 * The result of the discussion was speedily deleted (CSD R3) by User:Anthony Bradbury.  -- Black Falcon (talk) 03:27, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

 * T:motu → Template:Masters of the Universe (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T:motu&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Ambiguous/unnecessary redirect to Template:Masters of the Universe created by a user known for making ambiguous/unnecessary redirects. I would speedy delete as WP:CSD, but don't consider this "recent" enough to satisfy the criteria. The SandDoctor Talk 16:27, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete: as WP:CSD: The editor that created this has some bizarre obsession with creating nonsensical redirects. Let's not waste any more time on this. Toddst1 (talk) 09:39, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * As the nominator stated, this is not recently created and thus does not meet the criterion. Geolodus (talk) 10:29, 29 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Speedily delete per nom. --Soumyabrata (talk • subpages) 17:39, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom as an unnecessary cross-namespace redirect. I think this is certainly recent enough for R3. -- Black Falcon (talk) 20:27, 29 September 2019 (UTC)

Sonic1996

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:20, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Sonic1996 → Sonic the Hedgehog (OVA) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonic1996&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Implausible redirect/ambiguous. I would R3, but this was not a "recent" creation. The SandDoctor Talk 16:15, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete - Implausible. Sergecross73   msg me  02:19, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete per Sergecross73. There are more Sonic the Hedgehog video games released in 1996 than just one.  GaɱingFørFuɲ 3 6 5 09:10, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete: as WP:CSD: The editor that created this has some bizarre obsession with creating nonsensical redirects. Let's not waste any more time on this. Toddst1 (talk) 09:39, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete per above -- Lenticel ( talk ) 03:04, 1 October 2019 (UTC)

Sonic2006
Relisted, see Redirects for discussion/Log/2019 October 10%23Sonic2006

The Moaner

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:21, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * The Moaner → Black Christmas (1974 film) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Moaner&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

There is no indication in the article why this redirects here. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 13:55, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete: Redirects are supposed to be able to justify themselves. flowing dreams (talk page) 07:13, 1 October 2019 (UTC)

List of Wikipedia essays
Relisted, see Redirects for discussion/Log/2019 October 10%23List of Wikipedia essays

Don't revert due solely to no consensus

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:22, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Don't revert due solely to no consensus → Wikipedia:Don't revert due solely to "no consensus" (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don%27t_revert_due_solely_to_no_consensus&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Cross-namespace redirect; unlikely target (0 views in 90 days) –xenotalk 13:27, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete as cross-namespace redirect. Wug·a·po·des 19:27, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Speedily delete per nom. --Soumyabrata (talk • subpages) 17:40, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete as a cross-namespace redirect to an essay (not even guideline or policy). The redirect has no significant incoming links, few pageviews, and no useful page history. -- Black Falcon (talk) 20:31, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete the redirect, and while you're at it, delete the essay too. In the interest of being pleasant, I only point out that they are "problematic", so to speak. flowing dreams (talk page) 10:25, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete per above -- Lenticel ( talk ) 03:05, 1 October 2019 (UTC)

Academic boosterism

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:22, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Academic boosterism → Wikipedia:Avoid academic boosterism (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Academic_boosterism&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Cross-namespace redirect; unlikely target (2 views in last 90 days). –xenotalk 12:56, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete per RDEL10; should point to actual encyclopedic content rather than projectspace. Wug·a·po·des 19:30, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Speedily delete per nom. --Soumyabrata (talk • subpages) 17:40, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete to encourage article creation, per Wugapodes. -- Black Falcon (talk) 20:39, 29 September 2019 (UTC)

Most common Wikipedia faux pas

 * The result of the discussion was keep  . Withdrawn by nominator. (non-admin closure) James-the-Charizard (talk to me!) (contribs) 23:11, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Most common Wikipedia faux pas → Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Most_common_Wikipedia_faux_pas&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Cross-namespace redirect; unlikely search target (16 views in 90 days) –xenotalk 12:53, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep per Redirects for discussion/Log/2006 August 24 and RKEEP4. This redirect predates MediaWiki and namespaces, and it historically was commonly used, being listed as one of the top 25 most popular pages in Nov 2001 and Oct 2001. There's an incredibly high likelihood that this is linked externally (it's gotten 16 views in 90 days which is actually pretty good for old redirects like this) and deleting it would break an unknown amount of stuff. Keep and tag with R with old history. Wug·a·po·des 19:40, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Hm, in that case I withdraw this nomination. Thank you for the insight! –xenotalk 22:48, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

Previously deleted non-standard foreign names for Wikipedia
                Relisted, see Redirects for discussion/Log/2019 October 10%23Previously deleted non-standard foreign names for Wikipedia

Lantsong and Lanfung

 * The result of the discussion was delete.  --BDD (talk) 20:30, 8 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Lantsong → Nanchang (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lantsong&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]
 * Lanfung → Nanfeng County (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lanfung&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Not clear what the relation to the target is: not mentioned at the target, and an internet search didn't turn up anything meaningful. Delete if a justification cannot be provided. signed,Rosguill talk 11:45, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete Ok then, why not delete? Ȝeſtikl (talk) 11:28, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

Clin d'œil

 * The result of the discussion was delete.  --BDD (talk) 20:29, 8 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Clin d'œil → The Island of Doctor Moreau (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clin_d%27%C5%93il&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Not mentioned at the target, I can't figure out what the relation is. An internet search returns myriad unrelated results. If a justification cannot be provided, then I suggest deletion. signed,Rosguill talk 11:41, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
 * Comment I heard that this is the last word by Moreau, but I do not know which Moreau? --Soumyabrata (talk • subpages) 07:07, 29 September 2019 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, --Soumyabrata (talk • subpages) 09:21, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

<IP_ADDRESS>

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:25, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * <IP_ADDRESS> → Private network (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=<IP_ADDRESS>&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]
 * <IP_ADDRESS> → Private network (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=<IP_ADDRESS>&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]
 * <IP_ADDRESS> → Private network (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=<IP_ADDRESS>&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

No special significance, at least two of these seem to be obvious jokes. Note that I'm not nominating <IP_ADDRESS>, as that one seems to have some actual significance signed,Rosguill talk 11:33, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

 * My apologies, most likely I had been pretty bored that day and thought that a little bit of prank would be harmless. For <IP_ADDRESS> though, I vote for keep since it is also a common choice for NAT router manufacturers for the default gateway's IP address as well. --Luke1337 (talk) 14:29, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete and trout per Luke1337. Maybe keep the first one. Wug·a·po·des 21:00, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete all as unlikely search terms. There are 65,536 IP addresses of the form 192.168.x.x and only a couple of them (e.g. <IP_ADDRESS>) are significant. Of course others are used but Wikipedia is not a directory where company phone numbers redirect to the articles about each company, and similarly there is no reason to pick a couple of IPs for redirects. I would add <IP_ADDRESS> and <IP_ADDRESS> along with <IP_ADDRESS> which has no special significance—someone searching Wikipedia for that IP will not find anything useful at private network. Johnuniq (talk) 02:01, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete all as well as <IP_ADDRESS>, <IP_ADDRESS>, <IP_ADDRESS>, <IP_ADDRESS>, and <IP_ADDRESS>. These are rarely used and we have a search engine for a reason. flowing dreams (talk page) 11:55, 29 September 2019 (UTC)

SteamID

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:26, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * SteamID → Steam (service) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SteamID&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]
 * Steamid → Steam (service) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steamid&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Not mentioned on target page. Lordtobi ( ✉ ) 11:08, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep It's the username to identify a steam user so a useful search term. Tag as R without mention. Wug·a·po·des 21:01, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete These redirects strike me as someone trying to find technical information concerning Steam IDs (e.g. appropriate names, changing passwords, etc.) that we obviously can't provide here at Wikipedia. My question is this: Why is someone trying to find Steam IDs or information on them on Wikipedia? I don't think there's a policy-compliant answer to that question. Zeke, the Mad Horrorist  (Speak quickly) (Follow my trail) 04:59, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete: Redirects are supposed lead the readers to knowledge, not confusion. SteamID is not alternative title for Steam, but rather a subtopic of it, on which the article has no information. flowing dreams (talk page) 10:40, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

Valve Cyber Café Program

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:26, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Valve Cyber Café Program → Steam (service) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valve_Cyber_Caf%C3%A9_Program&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]
 * Valve Cyber Cafe Program → Steam (service) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valve_Cyber_Cafe_Program&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Not mentioned on target page. Lordtobi ( ✉ ) 11:07, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete: I do remember this doomed program, but if this article has no information on it, I don't think keeping this emotional memento does anyone any good. flowing dreams (talk page) 08:20, 1 October 2019 (UTC)

Naissancee

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:26, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Naissancee → Steam (service) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naissancee&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]
 * NaissanceE → Steam (service) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NaissanceE&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

A game released on Steam, just like 300,000+ others. The topic has nothing to do with Steam and a redirect there is misleading. Also not mentioned on the target page. Lordtobi ( ✉ ) 11:04, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete as WP:COSTLY and per RDEL10. Wug·a·po·des 20:50, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete: This redirect, as WP:RDEL:#5 puts it, makes no sense. Redirecting the title of a video game to the title of its distribution platform is like redirecting the name of famous person to Shoe on the pretext that said person wore shoes. flowing dreams (talk page) 10:45, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

Steam (company)

 * The result of the discussion was retarget  to Steam (disambiguation). — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:27, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Steam (company) → Steam (service) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steam_(company)&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Unlikely search target; Steam is not a company. Lordtobi ( ✉ ) 10:59, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Retarget per Champion below Wug·a·po·des 15:42, 2 October 2019 (UTC) Not everyone knows that steam is not a company; useful search term for people unfamiliar with the software or business organization. Wug·a·po·des 21:03, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Retarget to Steam_(disambiguation), or if you prefer, simply to the dab without the section, to address ' concerns. -  C HAMPION  (talk) (contributions) (logs) 09:29, 2 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Retarget to : User:Champion's idea sounds great to me. There are actual companies out there that are called "Steam", and Valve, Inc. or its Steam service, are not among them. On the whole, I don't think it is a good idea to make things easier for the misguided people at the cost of confusing the informed ones. In fact, I usually find that it is easier to correct mistakes when the accuracy is maintained in everything else. flowing dreams (talk page) 11:03, 2 October 2019 (UTC)

Steam (software

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:28, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Steam (software → Steam (service) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steam_(software&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Unlikely search target with missing parenthesis on disambiguator. A version with all parentheses present exists making this redirect redundant. Lordtobi ( ✉ ) 10:59, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete WP:COSTLY. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 15:29, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Speedily delete per nom. --Soumyabrata (talk • subpages) 17:42, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete: It is clearly something broken and irreparable. Think of deleting it as uncontroversial maintenance. flowing dreams (talk page) 10:47, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

Steam (Software)

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:29, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Steam (Software) → Steam (service) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steam_(Software)&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Unlikely search target with upper-case disambiguator. The same redirect with a properly cased disambiguator already exists. Lordtobi ( ✉ ) 10:51, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep Not everyone knows our disambiguation MOS so it aids linking and searching. Tag with R from alternative disambiguation or R from alternative capitalization. Wug·a·po·des 20:51, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * , as presented in my nom, the same redirect already exists where the disambiguator is in lower-case. A search using Wikipedia's search system will yield the exact same result with and without the redirect. From the comments below I now know to link to WP:RDAB for such discussions. Regards, Lordtobi  ( ✉ ) 14:43, 5 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep. We have around 6,000 Category:Redirects from miscapitalisations. Most if not all are plausible search terms (we don't require redirects to be likely search terms, nor should we, as we have thousands of articles that no one ever searches for); many, including this one, are also frequently linked to from other articles. Also, it's polite to notify the creator of a redirect, and any other major contributors, when nominating it for deletion. See WP:RFD. – Arms & Hearts (talk) 22:11, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * , note that the category you linked applies to redirects where the title has an alternative capitalisation, not the disambiguator. From the comments below I now know to link to WP:RDAB for such discussions. As for the creator ping, I usually have this enabled in Twinkle and believed that it does this automatically for me. It does not seem to be the case, however, and I double-check that it does so in the future. Regards, Lordtobi  ( ✉ ) 14:43, 5 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is a textbook WP:RDAB scenario since the disambiguator is unnecessarily capitalized. Steel1943  (talk) 22:21, 2 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete per Steel1943 (WP:RDAB), as a redirect from an unlikely (and incorrect) capitalization of an alternative disambiguated form of the title. The few links noted by A&H have been fixed. -- Black Falcon (talk) 05:14, 3 October 2019 (UTC)
 * They haven't been "fixed" as, per an established guideline that editors who wish to contribute usefully at RfD really ought to know about, they weren't broken. – Arms & Hearts (talk) 23:05, 3 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Putting aside the semantics of "fixed" versus "broken", the fact is that none of the reasons listed at WP:NOTBROKEN to not bypass a redirect apply in this case. However, the guideline does call for "[s]pelling errors and other mistakes [to] be corrected", and a miscapitalization falls under "other mistakes". I am well aware that it is generally inappropriate to edit articles solely for the purpose of bypassing a redirect, so all of my edits included other, more substantive changes. -- Black Falcon (talk) 04:57, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

Dry rice

 * The result of the discussion was retarget  to Rice. (non-admin closure)  Steel1943  (talk) 13:17, 7 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Dry rice → Upland rice (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dry_rice&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Misleading, as dry rice in English generally just means uncooked rice. I would suggest either deletion or redirecting to Rice. signed,Rosguill talk 10:41, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Retarget to rice per nom. Wug·a·po·des 20:52, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * retarget for now. Would have been useful to link at Grain drying had that article have a dedicated section for drying rice. -- Lenticel ( talk ) 03:10, 1 October 2019 (UTC)

National Awami League

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . -- Tavix  ( talk ) 19:42, 13 October 2019 (UTC)

 * National Awami League → National Awami Party (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Awami_League&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

We have articles for the Awami League and the National Awami Party. However, neither of these parties appears to be called the "National Awami League", at least based on the article contents. If I'm correct that this is a misnomer that could equally refer to either party, I would suggest that we delete this redirect and let the internal search engine do its work. signed,Rosguill talk 10:28, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Probably a good candidate to delete per WP:XY. We could probably redirect it to the more trafficked of the two pages and add a hatnote since I could imagine this being confusing for readers unfamiliar with the difference. Wug·a·po·des 21:06, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * , the creator of the redirect, is the only editor who has written the name National Awami League. Perhaps they can say what sources use the name and explain why it should redirect to National Awami Party. The sources cited in B. M. Kutty (the only article where National Awami League is used) speak of the Pakistan Awami League and the National Awami Party (NAP), never of a National Awami League. --Worldbruce (talk) 06:18, 4 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom/WP:XY. --BDD (talk) 20:29, 8 October 2019 (UTC)

Portal:Pondicherry

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:31, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Portal:Pondicherry → Portal:India (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Pondicherry&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Unused redirect to an excessively broad target. Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 10:24, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. --Soumyabrata (talk • subpages) 17:42, 29 September 2019 (UTC)

Ministry of Science and Computerisation

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:31, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Ministry of Science and Computerisation → Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Computerisation&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Not mentioned at the target, does not seem to be an alternate name in English, or a translation of the Polish name. I would suggest deletion unless a justification can be provided. signed,Rosguill talk 10:23, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * There is Ministry of Administration and Digitization (Poland). While computerisation can be an alternative for digitization, that ministry does not deal with science. So, it's say Delete. - Darwinek (talk) 15:41, 29 September 2019 (UTC)

Baroque bridge

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:31, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Baroque bridge → Náměšť nad Oslavou bridge (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baroque_bridge&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

This title is too vague to redirect to one specific article - it could refer to any bridge in the world that is built in the baroque style Melcous (talk) 09:29, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete There are thousands of Baroque bridges in the world. The title is too vague to redirect only to one specific bridge. At best, it could be a disambig page.--Darwinek (talk) 15:42, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. I was thinking of suggesting Baroque architecture as a target but there is not even one mention of bridges within that article. -- Black Falcon (talk) 21:03, 29 September 2019 (UTC)

LrrG

 * The result of the discussion was speedy delete  . per Toddst1 — RHaworth (talk · contribs) 13:15, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

 * LrrG → Lego Rock Raiders (video game) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LrrG&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Too ambiguous and not mentioned in target. Most likely not a useful search term. The SandDoctor Talk 07:40, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete. This abbreviation is not connected to the game in any way and serves no use to the reader. Lordtobi  ( ✉ )

 * Speedy delete as WP:CSD: The editor that created this has some bizarre obsession with creating nonsensical redirects. Let's not waste any more time on this.  Toddst1 (talk) 12:47, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

Groundcontrol02

 * The result of the discussion was speedy deleted by RHaworth  . Per WP:CSD. (non-admin closure) ComplexRational (talk) 16:10, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Groundcontrol02 → Ground Control II: Operation Exodus (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Groundcontrol02&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Ambiguous redirect (too generic?) and not mentioned in target. The SandDoctor Talk 07:39, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as WP:CSD: The editor that created this has some bizarre obsession with creating nonsensical redirects.  Let's not waste any more time on this.  Toddst1 (talk) 12:46, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

Groundcontrol01b

 * The result of the discussion was speedy deleted by RHaworth  . Per WP:CSD. (non-admin closure) ComplexRational (talk) 16:11, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Groundcontrol01b → Ground Control: Dark Conspiracy (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Groundcontrol01b&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Not mentioned in current target (Ground Control: Dark Conspiracy). The SandDoctor Talk 07:37, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as WP:CSD: The editor that created this has some bizarre obsession with creating nonsensical redirects.  Let's not waste any more time on this.  Toddst1 (talk) 12:46, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

Yoshio Ishizaka

 * The result of the discussion was restore article  . (non-admin closure) feminist (talk) 06:02, 5 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Yoshio Ishizaka → Toyota (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yoshio_Ishizaka&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Not mentioned at the target. I would suggest deletion. signed,Rosguill talk 07:21, 7 September 2019 (UTC)

His main claim to fame is writing some books about the Toyota way https://www.amazon.com/s?i=stripbooks&rh=p_27%3AYoshio+Ishizaka&s=relevancerank&text=Yoshio+Ishizaka&ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1. He has also been a Toyota employee since 1965. As such, I also think we should delete the redirect to Toyota.  Stepho  talk 08:58, 7 September 2019 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
 * Delete might be good to consider adding his books to Further reading for either Toyota or Toyota Production System although the book is more about sales/marketing. AngusWOOF  ( bark  •  sniff ) 23:18, 8 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Toyota Way is probably the most relevant article. -- Tavix ( talk ) 00:33, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Restore article per WP:BLAR. This is invalid as a redirect due to a lack of mention. -- Tavix ( talk ) 23:49, 8 September 2019 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Steel1943  (talk) 02:44, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Restore article as first choice per Tavix. Second choice is to retarget to Toyota Way. Wug·a·po·des 21:10, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

Decision 2000
Relisted, see Redirects for discussion/Log/2019 October 7%23Decision 2000

1800 Scenario

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . — JJMC89  (T·C) 00:32, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

 * 1800 Scenario → United States presidential election (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1800_Scenario&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]
 * 1824 Scenario → United States presidential election (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1824_Scenario&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]
 * 1824 scenario → United States presidential election (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1824_scenario&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Not sure what these are supposed to mean. -  C HAMPION  (talk) (contributions) (logs) 01:38, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete I don't know that any of these terms are legitimate references to anything. I would imagine more appropriate articles would be US elections, not just the concept in general. Regardless, they should not all redirect to the same place if they exist at all. If there are more of these that vary by year and/or letter case, I think we should speedy delete those if this discussion results in deletion of these particular ones. Zeke, the Mad Horrorist  (Speak quickly) (Follow my trail) 22:00, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete as R3, these are the vaguest redirects I have seen. Completely implausible. James-the-Charizard (talk to me!) (contribs) 23:00, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

Washington (city)

 * The result of the discussion was keep  . -- Tavix  ( talk ) 19:41, 13 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Washington (city) → Washington, D.C. (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington_(city)&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Retarget to Washington as this is ambiguous. -  C HAMPION  (talk) (contributions) (logs) 01:29, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Retarget per nom. James-the-Charizard (talk to me!) (contribs) 01:41, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Retarget per nom's suggestion as R from incomplete disambiguation. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 15:33, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep per WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. Washington, D.C. is by far the largest city of its name, and already has an appropriate hatnote. - Eureka Lott 16:31, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep per Eureka Lott. Clearly WP:PRIMARYREDIRECT with 3.3 million annual views. For comparison, it gets 10 to 100 times more views than any other Washington-named city as can be seen in the following comparisons: |Washington,_Alabama|Washington,_Arkansas|Washington,_California|Washington,_Connecticut|Washington,_Georgia|Washington,_Illinois|Washington,_Indiana|Washington,_Iowa|Washington,_Kansas first 9 cities at Washington#Cities_and_communities, |Washington,_Connecticut|Washington,_Georgia|Washington,_Kentucky|Washington,_Louisiana|Washington,_Maine|Washington,_Massachusetts|Washington,_Michigan|Washington,_Mississippi|Washington,_Missouri next seven compared against running top 3 trafficked articles, |Washington,_Connecticut|Washington,_Georgia|Washington,_Missouri|Washington,_Nebraska|Washington,_New_Hampshire|Washington,_New_Jersey|Washington,_New_York|Washington,_North_Carolina|Washington,_Oklahoma next six compared against running top 4 trafficked articles, |Washington,_Connecticut|Washington,_Georgia|Washington,_Missouri|Washington,_North_Carolina|Washington,_Pennsylvania|Washington,_Utah|Washington,_Vermont|Washington,_Virginia|Washington,_West_Virginia next five compared against running top 5. Wug·a·po·des 21:34, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Weak keep It's very likely that the specific Washington city the user is searching for is going to be Washington, D.C. I'd normally support the nomination as proposed, but searching for DC is by far the most likely intention with this redirect. Zeke, the Mad Horrorist  (Speak quickly) (Follow my trail) 22:02, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete. Implausible search term, no incoming mainspace links, no significant edit history. There is no PTOPIC for such a term since Washington (city) is neither the city's proper name nor a natural English phrase that published sources would use. Most sources would just say Washington, Washington, D.C., District of Columbia, etc. Likewise, readers are unlikely to type (city) in the search bar. Presumably the page creator felt a need for an equivalent to Washington (state); however, there was no need since Washington, D.C. is naturally disambiguated. While redirects are cheap, this one seems like a solution in search of a problem. —Sangdeboeuf (talk) 10:37, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete: but redirect to Washington instead of what nom suggested. Toddst1 (talk) 18:43, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep. Are you joking? What else could someone possibly want when they link or search for "Washington (city)"? Red   Slash  03:46, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * That's rather the point of Washington. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 16:08, 6 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Even taking into account some jurisdictions' tendency to call any populated place "city", it would be quite a stretch to call many of those places cities. --BDD (talk) 15:02, 11 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Do not delete. All and all, deleting makes no sense since the redirect is at minimum a R from incomplete disambiguation. Steel1943  (talk) 13:13, 1 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Weak keep we usually don't have primary topics for qualified titles but there has been consensus recently to sometimes allow it furthermore this is usually less of a problem with redirects. The other cities are much smaller than the national capital.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 11:14, 2 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep per Eureka Lott and Wugapodes. --BDD (talk) 20:21, 8 October 2019 (UTC)


text:
Cookbook:Injera (Ethiopian Teff Flatbread)

| Cuisine of Ethiopia Injera is a flatbread eaten in Ethiopia and Eritrea. It is made with teff flour. Teff is a tiny round grain that is grown in the highlands of Eritrea and highlands of Ethiopia. While teff is very nutritious, pure teff flour contains no gluten, and little else in the way of binding proteins. This makes teff ill-suited for making raised bread; however injera still takes advantage of the special properties of fermentation, which gives it an airy, bubbly texture, and also a sour taste.

Ingredients

 * 1 cup teff flour
 * 1½ cups warm but not hot water
 * 1 pinch of salt
 * Oil for frying
 * Fermentation starter (optional; see notes)

Procedure

 * 1) Mix the flour with the water, and the salt. Add your fermentation starter if using one.
 * 2) Set aside to ferment overnight, or at least 12 hours. There should be bubbles on the surface from fermenting, before you use it.
 * 3) Heat a large, flat pan until it is hot enough to make a droplet of water sizzle. Oil it very lightly, just enough to make the pan shine.
 * 4) Pour or ladle some batter onto the pan, spiralling outwards from the centre. Only a thin layer is required—a little thicker than a crêpe but not by much.
 * 5) As it cooks, the surface of the injera will become covered in holes or pits. When the entire injera has changed colour and the edges start to lift from the pan, remove it and set aside, then pour the next injera and repeat until finished.

Notes, tips and variations

 * If you can't get it to ferment by itself, try a good fermentation starter like a teaspoonful of kefir. Baker's yeast alone will not make for good flavour, as bacteria are needed also, but a teaspoonful of yoghurt plus a pinch of yeast might do the trick if you can't get kefir. Note that fermentation starter may contain gluten.
 * Traditional injera is made with teff, but if this is difficult to get, it can be made with sorghum or wheat flour.
 * Since teff is often quite expensive outside of Africa, it is often mixed with wheat flour to give the injera some of the teff flavour but for less expense. Mix ¼ cup of teff flour with ¾ cup of sorghum or wheat flour, for the recipe above.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
John Stark Ravenscroft

John Stark Ravenscroft (May 17, 1772 – March 5, 1830) was the first Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of North Carolina and helped organize the Episcopal Diocese of Tennessee.

Early life
Ravenscroft was born in 1772 on his family plantation near Petersburg in Prince George County, Virginia, to parents (physician John Ravenscroft and the former Lilias Miller) who were both descendants of the powerful Colonel Robert Bolling. Because their Loyalist sympathies made the political situation unstable, when John was an infant his family moved to Scotland, where he received his earliest education.

Upon his father's death in 1788, Ravenscroft returned to Virginia to manage the family lands, as well as pursue their Loyalist indemnification claims. At age 27, he enrolled at the College of William & Mary to prepare for a legal career under the guidance of George Wythe and St. George Tucker. However, the wealthy young man also had extracurricular activities which, with his hot temper, earned him the nickname "Mad Jack". Eventually, he returned to Scotland to finish settling his father's estate.

Returning again to Virginia, Ravenscroft married well, to Ann Spottswood Burwell, in 1792, and gave up his passions for gambling and horse racing. His wife's father (Col. Lewis Burwell) helped finance construction of their estate near his using locally noteworthy craftsmen Jacob Shelor and John Inge). Soon the Ravenscroft began living at Spring Bank in Lunenburg County. He later claimed that for eighteen years, he "never bent his knees in prayer, nor did he once open a Bible."

Around 1810 Ravenscroft experienced a religious conversion, and he and Ann joined a group known as "Republican Methodists". After three years, he was asked to become a leader of the community, but Ann died on August 5, 1815. About a year later, Ravenscroft decided to become a minister, but harbored doubts as to whether every Christian denomination (including the Republican Methodists) were valid and authorized by scriptures, and especially their fitness to perform sacraments. His great grandfather Capt. Samuel Ravenscroft had emigrated to Boston in 1679 and helped found the first Anglican Church in that city. His son (this Ravenscroft's father) Thomas had moved to James City County, and then Prince George County, Virginia where he represented his neighbors in the House of Burgesses as well as acquired land to the south along the Meherrin River and the North Carolina border. This old-line Virginian family had been long members of the Church of England. However, its successor in America, the Episcopal Church was disestablished after the Revolutionary War in both Virginia and North Carolina, and that denomination almost became extinct in the south. Rev. James Craig had retired or left the Meherrin River/Lunenburg County by 1795 and evangelical denominations predominated—Presbyterians led by the Caldwells, Baptists founding the multi-ethnic Meherrin Baptist Church as well as the Cedar Creek Baptist Church, and Methodists visiting the area as part of their Brunswick Circuit included Francis Asbury and Thomas Coke. Nonetheless, as the Second Great Awakening began, Virginia's Episcopal Church was reviving. Richard Channing Moore become its bishop and happily confirmed Ravenscroft as an Episcopalian.

Ministry
On April 25, 1817, Moore ordained the 45-year-old Ravenscroft as a deacon at the Monumental Church, Richmond, Virginia, and eleven days later advanced him to the priesthood in St. George's Episcopal Church, Fredericksburg. Ravenscroft was assigned a parish near his home: St. James Parish in Boydton, in Mecklenburg County (split off from Lunenburg County) and the terminus of an important plank road to Petersburg. He also remarried, to Sarah, who would also have no children and die on January 15, 1829, about a year before her husband.

Meanwhile, Moore, who was also Monumental Church's rector as well as supervised the Episcopal churches in both Virginia and North Carolina, asked Ravenscroft to become his assistant. Ravenscroft probably needed the additional income, for his plantation (which he had increased from 610 acres to over 2100 acres), was foreclosed upon in 1824. However, future bishop of Mississippi William Mercer Green informed Ravenscroft that he had been elected Bishop of the recently re-organized diocese of North Carolina (which adjoined both Lunenberg and Mecklenburg counties)(Charles Pettigrew had been elected its bishop in 1794 but had never been consecrated due to the cancellations of the General Conventions of 1795 and 1798 due to yellow fever and his subsequent infirmities making travel difficult). Although the annual salary offered was just $750, the offer also included the rectorship of Christ Church in Raleigh. Thus, at the General Convention in Old St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Philadelphia, bishops William White, James Kemp and Alexander Griswold, among others, consecrated Ravenscroft as the 20th bishop in the Episcopal Church on May 22, 1823.

A dedicated high churchman, but with evangelical spirit, Ravenscroft was known for his booming voice and strident promotion of the Episcopal Church, including his own story of knowing sin and being saved by God's grace. He attended several General Conventions, as well as every diocesan convention. His missionary journeys beginning in 1818 took him over the Cumberland Gap into Tennessee and Kentucky. He confirmed Tennessee's future first bishop, James Hervey Otey, during his 1824 visitation. During his last such trip, on July 1, 1829, he chaired the organizational convention of what eventually became the Episcopal Diocese of Tennessee. Travel or other circumstances, however, took a toll, and in 1828 he gave up the rectorship in Raleigh in favor of the smaller St. John's Church in Williamsboro where his protege Rev. Green lived.

Ravenscroft mentored several priests who later became pioneering southern bishops, including Green and Otey, although he also unsuccessfully opposed the consecration of William Meade as Moore's assistant in Virginia in 1829 on the grounds that Meade compromised too much with other Protestant denominations. In December 1824, Ravenscroft gave a sermon to the annual meeting of the Bible Society of North Carolina which caused much controversy because he asserted that the Bible could not be properly studied without a qualified teacher. Ravenscroft then engaged in a theological duel of sorts over the content of his sermon with Presbyterian theology professor John Rice. Not one to mince words, spoken or printed, Ravenscroft published a defense of his beliefs and character in 1826 as The Doctrines of the Church Vindicated from the Misrepresentations of Dr. John Rice, and the Integrity of Revealed Religion Defended against the "No Comment Principle" of Promiscuous Bible Societies. Ravenscroft also criticized Lutheran theology,  and Baptist theology, as well as the notion that a clean life alone assured salvation.

Three universities awarded him doctorate of divinity degrees: Columbia University, the College of William & Mary, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Death and legacy
After his second wife's death in 1829, Ravenscroft decided to move to Fayetteville, but died at a friend's house in Raleigh en route. He was buried in the chancel of his former church in Raleigh, which was rebuilt several years later. By the time he died, the diocese (which had 3 clergy and 200 laity when organized in 1817 and 7 clergy and 480 communicants when Ravenscroft took office in 1823) had 11 clergymen and 650 lay members.

His successor Bishop Levi Silliman Ives (also a high churchman) worked tirelessly to establish a school for boys in the diocese, which was established at Asheville and named after Ravenscroft. After the American Civil War, the Ravenscroft Institute (which by then had a high school for boys and a school for ministry) was reorganized by bishop Atkinson to concentrate on theological training and competed to become a seminary of the Episcopal Church, but lost the competition to University of the South at Sewanee, Tennessee, although the school for boys was reorganized as a private school with a headmaster in the 1880s.

His limited papers are held by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and at Duke University, and many published online by Project Canterbury.

title: John Stark Ravenscroft


text:
Category talk:Aquariums

Aquaria?
Aquaria? Really? This is one of those cases where my sense of English style suggests not using the Latin plural. Another is the plural of "forum". --Saforrest 23:35, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Aquariums


text:
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Language/2012 July 9

= July 9 =

Chinese (I suppose) ideogram
Composed of three parallel horizontal lines and one vertical line in the middle. What's that? OsmanRF34 (talk) 12:45, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * . --Viennese Waltz 13:03, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Nope, that's a symbol. In the ideogram that I saw, the vertical line is not so long. OsmanRF34 (talk) 13:11, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * First off, the term "ideogram" is not really an appropriate word to refer to most Chinese characters; linguists much prefer "logogram". It could be a rotated form of a contraction for "30" (卅, see here); otherwise, it doesn't seem much like a typical Chinese character... AnonMoos (talk) 13:52, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * 王, perhaps? Deor (talk) 13:59, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I also think it must be 王, "the one 一 who connects heaven, humanity and earth 三". No idea if that interpretation is true. —Kusma (t·c) 14:04, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * See also Wang (surname). Deor (talk) 14:05, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I assumed from OsmanRF34's unclear description and interaction with Viennese_Waltz that the vertical had to extend above and below the horizontals; if that's not the case, then of course you're right... AnonMoos (talk) 14:22, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * 丰 is apparently also a character, by the way. In Japanese I'm pretty sure that one is not very common, but I'm not sure about Chinese... <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:18, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * 丰 isn't too uncommon in Chinese - probably one of the top 1000 characters. It's mostly seen in the fairly common word 丰富. But still far less common than 王, which is a very common surname and also means 'king'. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:01, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Viennese_Waltz happened to pick the similar-looking symbol rather than the character 丰, which is common and means "prosper" or "abundant". I do not agree that it is "mostly seen" as part of the word 丰富 (richly varied), it is also very commonly seen as part of the word "丰收" (good harvest) and various idioms. --PalaceGuard008 (Talk) 11:27, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Chic emporium?
In the context of the edible underwear article, what is a "chic emporium"? Dismas |(talk) 13:16, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * A small, trendy clothes shop. --Viennese Waltz 13:32, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Were you hoping to hear chick emporium? μηδείς (talk) 22:01, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I knew what the two words meant but not together. Dismas |(talk) 23:16, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Before investing in edible underwear, it might be advisable to check a similar discussion on the Misc. ref desk. ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 09:03, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * And by the way, "chic" means "stylish". ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 09:03, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Etymology of Chic?
Can anyone give the actual etymology of the French word chic? I once had the hardest time because I told a Dominican woman she looked trẻs chic, which she interpreted as meaning girlish, given the meaning of chica in Spanish. She wouldn't believe me when I said it meant elegante. μηδείς (talk) 03:00, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * chic, chic, chic have some information; it's unsourced though. By the way, how did you manage to get the Vietmanese letter modifier? The hook above-modified letters don't seem to be available in the box beneath the edit window. --Theurgist (talk) 03:26, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Funny, I knew of the German word schick and didn't think of it at all. Somehow they don't sound alike in my head. μηδείς (talk) 03:57, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Oops, didn't see that wasn't grave. I used the Latin extended, should just have used the Latin. μηδείς (talk) 03:56, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * In MacOS with the Extended keyboard, I get the Vietnamese hook with opt-z before the vowel: ảẻỉỏủỷ. —Tamfang (talk) 19:58, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Here's what EO has to say about it: Despite the obvious punning opportunity, I think we can rule out "chic" having anything to do with "chick". ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 09:01, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Terms derived from Hebrew
Why does the list of English words derived from Hebrew not include "riffraff", from the Hebrew "ayrev rav", as used in the Book of Exodus? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:06, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Possibly because that's an exceedingly unlikely etymology of the English word? See here, for instance. Deor (talk) 21:14, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Per the OED, "riffraff" is probably derived from Anglo-Norman/Old French rifraf, ryfraf, rif et raf; the first element may come from a Germanic source. A possible Hebrew origin isn't mentioned at all; this doesn't rule it out, of course, but it does suggest it's not thought likely. Andrew Gray (talk) 21:16, 9 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
User:JWSchmidt/Blog/22 May 2007

MediaWiki has a feature called the tagline. What would be a good tagline for Wikiversity?

Endless repetition
A wiki tagline is going to be seen endlessly on page after page. It should be something that does not annoy and that people will come to associate in a positive way with the wiki.

Motto and slogan
A tagline can be a variant of a slogan or motto.
 * Wikiversity motto: open learning community
 * Wikiversity slogan: set learning free

Taglines from other wikis
I suppose Wikipedia started the use of "from" in wiki taglines. The original version was just The free encyclopedia.
 * From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 * From Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection
 * From Wikinews, the free news source you can write!
 * From Mozilla Community - Bringing Mozilla Together (Mozilla wikia)
 * Novelas, the free library (Fiction wikia)

Possible Wikiversity taglines
I do not see the point of having the word "from" in a wiki's tagline.
 * Wikiversity, the open learning community
 * Wikiversity, we set learning free
 * Wikiversity, learning resources for all ages
 * Wikiversity, learning the wiki way
 * Wikiversity, libre learning

I also have doubts about including "wikiversity" in the tagline.
 * Help set learning free
 * Learning the wiki way

Versions with links:
 * Help set learning free
 * Learning the wiki way

title: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/22 May 2007


text:
Talk:Invitation to the Game

THANK YOU ALL!!
I've been searching for the title and author of this book for over seven years!! Thank you all for putting this up here. :D *Big hug to all*

Zidel333 19:52, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Same here, this book was a childhood favorite, but I had forgot the title. Thank you wikipedia! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)

Here, here! I totally agree! I just found the book in a box of old books at my house... has to have been like 7 or 8 years for me... I used to read this over and over and so I am glad to see that someone took the time to dedicate this page to it. (This is RivkaRebecca; not logged in; sorry.) <IP_ADDRESS> 01:28, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

Thanks, even though there's only a little info,but at least it helped me pass on L.A. project!! @@ --    :P

Jesus: I just lost the game. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:39, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Invitation to the Game


text:
Wikiversity talk:Motto contest/Round 6

How can we know when consensus is reached? --Remi 21:46, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity talk:Motto contest/Round 6


text:
Talk:Ecoversity

Here is the Ecoversity Proposal please read, comment, edit, and discuss freely. Simon hart 14:16, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Is anyone still interested in this?

 * At Appropedia we do a lot of work with universities - this is actually quite close to our vision, which we are working on now. --Chriswaterguy (talk) 01:16, 21 April 2012 (UTC)

I'm interested!... For the last 6 years- or so, I've been developing a similar project and would welcome the opportunity to discuss my project and interests in this project with you. If anyone (Simon-Chris?) is monitoring this wiki please contact me. Until Then, Michael skeptical4life

title: Talk:Ecoversity


text:
Era One

Era One is the 2006 album by Samael. It saw the band return to the Century Media label. It includes a bonus disc, "Lessons in Magic #1", which is entirely instrumental and done solely by band member Xy. The album itself was recorded in 2002, and the bonus disc a year later. Both were rearranged and remixed in 2005.

Era One

 * 1) "Era One" (intro) - 2:33
 * 2) "Universal Soul" - 4:19
 * 3) "Sound of Galaxies" - 4:21
 * 4) "Beyond" (instrumental) - 2:59
 * 5) "Night Ride" - 4:40
 * 6) "Diamond Drops" - 4:26
 * 7) "Home" (instrumental) - 1:36
 * 8) "Voyage" - 4:00
 * 9) "Above as Below" - 5:03
 * 10) "Koh-i-Noor" - 5:03

Lesson in Magic #1

 * 1) "Connexion" - 4:28
 * 2) "Reading Mind" - 3:21
 * 3) "Red Unction" - 3:33
 * 4) "Flying High" - 4:04
 * 5) "Overcome" - 3:57
 * 6) "Inside Stairs" - 4:01
 * 7) "One with Everything" - 5:16
 * 8) "Silent Words" - 4:45
 * 9) "Wealth and Fortune" - 4:39

title: Era One


text:
Talk:Japanese/Grammar/Honorifics

Untitled
I don't think Japanese use "こはい" or "後輩". 先輩 can be an affix, but not 後輩.

Regarding the polite forms of 食べる, I think 食べませ is not used. Native speakers would say 食べてください, or 食べなさい, for example. So I think it should be noted with the asterisk mark. Tomos 11:41, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Issues with opening paragraph
That opening paragraph seems a bit off. In terms of opportunity and regard within the workplace, the West and Japan are the same in that you wouldn't expect just anyone to have a go at making company-level decisions, or managing an arbitrary other person, whenever they felt like it. That's why we have job titles (such as CEO, and manager). If the author is trying to say that social-level opportunities are limited by a person's role in life, then I'd be keen to hear some support of that via examples. As it is, a person's role in life seems only to affect the use of language, so the paragraph should make that clear (and refrain from making the implications it makes). Since in the West we have honorific titles, too, it seems like the only important difference between the West and Japan, for the purposes of this article, are that the honorific system is more deeply designed into the language. Respect and courtesy exist, of course, for practical reasons, and that's not mentioned here, either.

 * Agreed.

In American and other Western societies, hierarchy is based on supposed skill level and theoretically, everyone has equal opportunity.

 * I don't know where the author got this, but America and the other Western societies are far from having equal opportunities for everybody, I'm not even sure what is meant by "opportunities".

 * Different levels of politeness are nothing special and are also a common occurrence in english. For example, you would adress your professor or teacher differently than, let's say, your spouse. However your spouse could be a leading figure in research with a skill level over 9000 and thus far surpassing your professor's skill or your own.

 * Like mentioned in the comment above one might be more polite to their boss so they don't get fired, but the boss might be far less qualified than oneself.
 * Also most will be more polite to people who are significantly older.

 * The Japanese society has a strong Confucianist influence and there are certain social norms in place that differ quite a bit from those in Western societies. In particular, closeness and respect might be expressed differently. For example, honorifics might be used in a fairly casual conversation where they certainly wouldn't in english. Another example would be using the family name where many americans would use the given name.

 * I think the quoted sentence tries to make a related statement, but I can hardly guess what that would be. Also, offering various ways of being polite is nothing special, but offering grammatical tools is. I think removing the sentence works quite well in this context. 2A02:8109:9440:5490:2936:3504:B4DA:692F (discuss) 05:22, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Japanese/Grammar/Honorifics


text:
Wall of Truth

The Wall of Truth, is a memorial in New Delhi, India, for Sikhs killed during the 1984 anti-Sikh riots. The memorial is located in Lutyens' Delhi at the Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib complex near the Parliament of India. The foundation stone was laid in June 2013, the construction work began in November 2014 and the memorial was inaugurated on 15 January 2017. The monument complex is also known as the 'Sikh Genocide Memorial'. It has been built under the Delhi Sikh Gurudwara Management Committee.

After a long wait, The memorial of 1984 Sikh massacre at Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib premises "Wall of Truth" was dedicated to humanity after three and a half years of hard work and a cost of Rs 2.25 crore. While there were three memorials of Indira Gandhi in Delhi before this, there was no memorial of the Sikhs killed in the massacre. 88 accused were sentenced to 3 to 5 years for the Trilokpuri riots that killed Sikhs

The names include Sikh soldiers killed during the riots, and the names of three people from the Hindu and Muslim community who had been killed for shielding Sikhs during the riots. The riots had been triggered by assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The Wall of Truth also lists the names of Sikhs killed in hate crimes abroad, including at the Oak Creek Gurdwara outside Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in the United States, as well as in Sikhs killed in Afghanistan. It also includes the names of Sikhs killed in incidents such as the Chittisinghpura massacre.

title: Wall of Truth


text:
Wikiversity:What shall we do with Wikipedia?

This page outlines strategies for synergy between Wikimedia sister projects, and especially with Wikipedia, the largest sister project. In its earlier years, Wikiversity's main relationship was with Wikibooks (its parent project), but this page proposes a stronger future emphasis on building productive, interactive relations with Wikipedia in part due to its scale and scope.

Original research
Wikipedia is a "goldmine" of original research. People publish original research on Wikipedia all the time. More original research (by far) is published on Wikipedia than on Wikiversity. Where does it all go? Well, it gets deleted fast, because of the no original research policy, which is a loss to humanity. But so much original research is published on Wikipedia that there is a backlog. As of June 2008, no fewer than 6000 Wikipedia articles were flagged as containing original research - which is probably just the tip of the iceberg. By comparison, Wikiversity had a total of only 8000 articles, most of which were not original research. Where do you find original research on Wikimedia projects? Wikipedia, of course.

Materials tagged as original research at Wikipedia also include materials which are "syntheses of published material which advance a position" (i.e. something less than original research). This kind of material may also be deleted from Wikipedia. Example: Etruscan coins - the complete article was tagged as a synthesis, although the article had many references and was well written.

Suggested courses of action

 * 1) Investigate and transfer original research to Wikiversity before it gets deleted from Wikipedia (see also: Wikimedia Garbage Detail)
 * 2) Lobby Wikipedia to join in transfers of original research to Wikiversity. Initially, transferred material would be flagged for checking by Wikiversitarians.
 * 3) Lobby Wikipedia to modify the original research and synthesis templates with links to Wikiversity and advice to Wikipedians to transfer their material here before it gets deleted.
 * 4) Create a Wikiversity template which tags freshly imported materials from Wikipedia.
 * 5) Create a Wikiversity template which acts as a long term marker that a (patrolled, approved) item owes its existence to a synthesis/original research tag at Wikipedia. The problem this addresses is that imported materials may look like encyclopedia articles rather than educational materials.
 * 6) Discussion about original research started at policy's talk page - help to convince them to spread the word

Main ports of call

 * w:Category:All articles that may contain original research - very large
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Synthesis - much smaller; just tracks the use of the synthesis template
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Syn - tracks the use of the inline "syn" template (used for article sections which are syntheses)
 * w:Category:Articles with weasel words - the weasel template on Wikipedia is sometimes misused for article sections which contain an academic argument or commentary on a subject.

Linking to Wikipedia
We must encourage Wikipedians to come and learn and add to Wikiversity and the knowledge they learn can then be displayed on articles in Wikipedia, perhaps using Wikiversity as a source. We could also encourage senior Wikipedia contributors to submit new projects and articles to Wikiversity in order to aid its development. Our strong link with Wikibooks must also be maintained as books are extremely important to aid learning. Maybe it's also time to set up some relations with Wikiquote?

How tos
Wikipedia does not host "how-to" material, but there are many articles and sections tagged as such (see w:Category:Articles containing how-to sections), some of which could be appropriately imported to Wikiversity. The w:Template:Howto has recently been edited to include a suggested transfer of such content to Wikiversity.

Examples of content to transfer:
 * 1) Tips for running group-dynamic games

Expert commentaries
See /Expert commentaries.

Teaching on Wikipedia
Teaching of Wikipedia is information about people, places and more.

Projects for collaboration between Wikiversity and Wikipedia

 * Project for improving the quality of debating, could cooperate with Wikiversity Beta. Cooperation between Wikipedia and Wikiversity has already started on the subject Friedrich Nietzsche. The debate on Wikipedia in November 2007 will be preceded by a course on Nietzsche at Wikiversity, which could start on may or june.
 * Wikipedia:WikiProject critical source examination: One goal will be to improve articles related to Thucydides and the Peloponnesian War.

Using Wikipedia for learning

 * 1) Wikipedia can be used to promote many types of learning activities, and many face to face classes use it for various uses, e.g. see School and university projects at Wikipedia.
 * 2) Some of Wikipedia's School and university projects might arguably be more appropriate for Wikiversity.

Constructive interwiki links

 * 1) Add w:Template:Wikiversity to Wikipedia pages as appropriate.
 * Do you think we could add perhaps a hidden category to this template so that we could have, say, these WP articles listed as something like: w:Category:Articles with content on Wikiversity? Or maybe this is enough? Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Wikiversity -- Jtneill - Talk 13:24, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Wikiversity doesn't link all WP articles with transclude this template - why not? -- Jtneill - Talk - c 04:26, 29 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Try this: w:Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Wikiversity. --SB_Johnny | talk 09:28, 29 June 2008 (UTC)
 * (or this too: w:Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Wikiversity-bc) --SB_Johnny | talk 09:29, 29 June 2008 (UTC)
 * What this tells is us is that there are less than 200 pages on WP which have an interwiki link to WV. Not every WP article has educational or research relevance, but possibly 100's of 1000's do. When 10% of WP pages have interwiki links to WV, then the job is being done properly - that should be our target - 10%. --McCormack 09:32, 29 June 2008 (UTC)
 * We don't even have that many pages to link to... shouln't we restrict this to instances where we have actual content? --SB_Johnny | talk 09:49, 29 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Let's call this a long-term project! --McCormack 09:53, 29 June 2008 (UTC)


text:
Capture of Tiberias (1918)

The Capture of Tiberias took place on 25 September 1918 during the Battle of Sharon which together with the Battle of Nablus formed the set piece Battle of Megiddo fought between 19 and 25 September in the last months of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War. During the cavalry phase of the Battle of Sharon the Desert Mounted Corps occupied the Esdraelon Plain (also known as the Jezreel Valley and the plain of Armageddon) 40–50 miles (64–80 km) behind the front line in the Judean Hills. One squadron from each of the 3rd and 4th Light Horse Brigades Australian Mounted Division attacked and captured Tiberias (on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee also known as Lake Tiberias), along with the Yildirim Army Group's Ottoman and German garrison.

The Tiberias garrison formed part of a rearguard stretching to Samakh and on to Deraa which was intended to cover the retreat of three Ottoman armies. They were set up to delay the advance of the Desert Mounted Corps of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) after the British Empire infantry victories at the Battle of Tulkarm, Battle of Tabsor during the Battle of Sharon. These and other battles fought during the Battle of Nablus including the Third Transjordan attack, also part of the Battle of Megiddo, forced the retreat of the Ottoman Fourth, Seventh and Eighth Armies north towards Damascus.

Tiberias was captured by two squadrons of light horse, one from the 3rd Light Horse Brigade supported by armoured cars, and one from the 4th Light Horse Brigade after fighting the Battle of Samakh. The two squadrons converged on the town from the north–west and south respectively and took 100 prisoners. The remainder of the garrison retreated northwards to form a rearguard at Lake Hule with the survivors from the Samakh garrison. The next day the Australian Mounted Division and the 5th Cavalry Division pursued the Ottoman forces towards Damascus, paralleling the pursuit on the inland route begun by the 4th Cavalry Division a day earlier.

Background

Following the First Transjordan and the Second Transjordan attacks in March–April and April–May 1918, by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF), which had been responsible for the Sinai and Palestine Campaign since March 1916, its commander General Edmund Allenby ordered the occupation of the Jordan Valley. He also ordered the front line be extended across the Judean Hills to the Mediterranean. Most of the British infantry and Yeomanry cavalry regiments were redeployed to the Western Front to counter Ludendorff's German spring offensive and were replaced by British Indian Army infantry and cavalry. As part of re-organisation and training, these newly arrived soldiers carried out a series of attacks on sections of the Ottoman front line during the summer months. These attacks were aimed at pushing the front line to more advantageous positions in preparation for a major attack, and to acclimatise the newly arrived infantry. It was not until the middle of September that the consolidated force was ready for large-scale operations.

On 19 September, the XXI Corps commanded by Lieutenant General Edward Bulfin had, with the support of a creeping barrage, broken through the Ottoman front line to begin the Battle of Sharon. In the afternoon the XX Corps commanded by Lieutenant General Philip Chetwode was then ordered to begin the Battle of Nablus, supported by an artillery barrage. These infantry attacks by both the XX and XXI Corps, known as the Battle of Megiddo, continued until midday on 21 September, when a successful flanking attack by the XXI Corps, combined with the XX Corps assault, forced the Seventh and Eighth Armies to disengage. The Seventh Army retreated from the Nablus area towards the Jordan River, crossing at the Jisr ed Damieh bridge before the rearguard at Nablus was captured. The Desert Mounted Corps commanded by Lieutenant General Harry Chauvel advanced through the gap created by the XXI Corps infantry during the morning of 19 September to continue the Battle of Megiddo, almost encircling the Ottoman forces fighting in the Judean Hills, capturing Nazareth, Haifa, Afulah and Beisan, Jenin and Samakh before advancing to Tiberias. During this time, Chaytor's Force commanded by Major General Edward Chaytor captured part of the retreating Ottoman and German column at the capture of Jisr ed Damieh bridge to cut off this line of retreat across the Jordan River. To the east of the river, as the Fourth Army began its retreat, Chaytor's Force advanced to capture Es Salt on 23 September. Amman was captured on 25 September during the Second Battle of Amman where a strong Fourth Army rearguard was defeated on 25 September.

Tiberias is one of the Four Holy Cities of the Jews; the others being Jerusalem, Hebron and Safed. It is situated on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee, and is separated by a narrow plain from the Nazareth hills to the west. Tiberias was the seat of a Kaimmakam (district) within the Ottoman sanjak (prefecture) of Acre and had a population of about 8,600, including 7,000 Jews, many of whom were German-speaking immigrants from Poland. There were also 1,400 Muslims and 200 Christians living in the town, which was surrounded by ancient walls. At this time Tiberias was connected to southern Palestine via Nazareth by metalled roads and by an alternative route to Afulah via Beisan, which was also suitable for wheeled vehicles. The main road north from Tiberias to Damascus crossed the Jordan River at the bridge at Jisr Benat Yakub.

During the unsuccessful attack of the 5th Cavalry Division on Nazareth in the early morning of 20 September, the commander of the Yildirim Army Group commanding three Ottoman armies, Generalleutnant (comparable to a British Major General) Otto Liman von Sanders escaped to Damascus, travelling via Tiberias, Samakh and Deraa. He alerted the garrisons he passed to the advance of the EEF and ordered the establishment of a rearguard line. The line was to run from Deraa down the Yarmuk River Valley, across the Jordan River and west to Samakh, around the shore of the Sea of Galilee to Tiberias and northwards to Lake Huleh. Two main roads and the railway lines to Damascus, would be protected and time gained for the development of the defence of Damascus, if the garrisons were not defeated. Von Sanders and three senior Yildirim Army Group staff officers reached Tiberias during the afternoon of 20 September.

After the Ottoman and German garrison was captured at the Battle of Samakh in the early morning of 25 September, strong light horse patrols advanced eastwards from Samakh up the Yarmuk valley. The patrols found that every bridge over the Jordan River was in Ottoman hands and strongly guarded. One railway bridge was defended by 30 Ottoman troops with 60 German troops in a redoubt. The rugged Ain en Nimr mountain, 1800 ft above the Sea of Galilee and less than 2 mi from its southern shore, was occupied by 500 Ottoman infantry supported by one artillery piece. Major General Henry Hodgson, commanding the Australian Mounted Division, ordered the light horse patrols back to Samakh and pushed westwards towards Tiberias.

Prelude
Early in the afternoon of 25 September, the Australian Mounted Division, less the 4th Light Horse Brigade which was at Samakh, departed Afulah. A regiment of the 3rd Light Horse Brigade, supported by two armoured cars from the 12th Light Armoured Motor Battery, was ordered to reconnoitre Tiberias, ahead of the division. The division concentrated at Kafr Kanna also known as Cana, about 5 mi east of Nazareth at about 22:00. Meanwhile, a squadron of the 12th Light Horse Regiment of the 4th Light Horse Brigade advanced from Samakh along the shore of the Sea of Galilee towards Tiberias.

Battle

A squadron of the 8th Light Horse Regiment of the 3rd Light Horse Brigade, commanded by Major Lachlan Macpherson, left Nazareth at 05:00 on 25 September. They led the advance towards Tiberias along the main road, while troopers from the 10th Light Horse Regiment, also of the 3rd Light Horse Brigade, were ordered to the top of Mount Tabor. From this height, they could observe Macpherson's squadron and report on its progress to their brigade commander by heliograph.

When Macpherson's squadron reached the high ground an Ottoman patrol saw the light horsemen, but before they could alert the Tiberias garrison, they were quickly cut off and captured. By the time a squadron of the 12th Light Horse Regiment advancing from Semakh, reached the outskirts of Tiberias at 11:30, all approaches were held by squadrons of the 3rd Light Horse Brigade.

A troop with a Hotchkiss gun was ordered to the shore of the Sea of Galilee to the north of Tiberias, where they cut the garrison's only line of retreat.

Supported by two armoured cars of the Light Armoured Motor Battery, Macpherson decided to attack Tiberias without waiting for the rest of his brigade. While one of his troops rode into the town, the armoured cars closed in from the west, the squadron from the 8th Light Horse Regiment attacked from the north–west, and the squadron from the 12th Light Horse Regiment attacked from the south–west. During this coordinated attack the 12th Light Horse Regiment troops captured a machine gun post at the gallop. The town and 100 members of the Tiberias garrison were captured by 15:00, including 20 Germans and 13 machine guns.

The rest of Brigadier General Lachlan Wilson's 3rd Light Horse Brigade and Brigadier General William Grant's 4th Light Horse Brigade, arrived to occupy Tiberias, ending Liman von Sanders' attempt to delay the pursuit by the EEF.

Aftermath
As the rest of the 3rd Light Horse Brigade advanced to Tiberias, their left flank moved over the site of the 1187 AD Battle of Hattin. On 26 September, the 3rd Light Horse Brigade camped to the north of Tiberias, at Medjel on the shore of the Sea of Galilee. A squadron of the 9th Light Horse Regiment rode out at 12:30 to investigate reports of a considerable enemy force at Safed. By the time they arrived at 18:00, the force had withdrawn. Meanwhile, the 8th Light Horse Regiment restored order in the town and established guards on stores of grain while the remainder of the brigade rested after their night-time advance.

The loss of Tiberias ended Liman von Sanders' plans for a rearguard line extending from the Yarmuk via the Sea of Galilee and on to Lake Huleh. The remnants of the Tiberias and Samakh garrisons established a strong rearguard south of Lake Huleh, at Jisr Benat Yakub which was attacked and captured during the pursuit to Damascus.

Shortly after midnight on 26/27 September, Allenby issued orders for Chauvel's Desert Mounted Corps to continue the pursuit. The Australian Mounted Division in the Tiberias area, followed by the 5th Cavalry Division at Nazareth, were to advance along the main road to Damascus 90 mi away, around the northern end of the Sea of Galilee via Quneitra. At 06:00 on 27 September, the 4th Light Horse Brigade left the village and arrived at Tiberias two hours later. They then received two days' supplies and one day's iron ration, which were to last until after breakfast on 29 September. At 10:00, they began the pursuit to Damascus.

title: Capture of Tiberias (1918)


text:
Phasor algebra

This beginners-level introduction to phasors concludes with a derivation of the average power for an ac circuit element when there is a phase shift between the current and voltage. For a more sophisticated example of phasor algebra that uses calculus to understand the momentum of electromagnetic radiation, visit:
 * MyOpenMath/Electromagnetic momentum
 * MyOpenMath/Complex phasors

Forms, phase, and angular frequency
Phasors have two components, the magnitude, $$M$$, and the phase angle, $$\Phi$$. Phasors are related to sinusoids through our cosine convention:

 * $$\mathbb{C} = M \angle \Phi = M \cos (\omega t + \phi)$$

Here, $$M$$ is real, and,

 * $$\Phi=\omega t+\phi$$,

depends on time. Angular frequency $$\omega$$ and period $$T$$ are related by $$\omega T=2\pi$$. Also, frequency $$f$$ and period are related by $$fT=1$$.

There are 3 forms to phasors:

 * $$\mathbb{C} = M \angle \Phi$$ "Phasor Form"
 * $$\mathbb{C} = A + jB$$ "Rectangular Form"
 * $$\mathbb{C} = Me^{j\Phi}$$ "Exponential Form"

Phasor and Exponential forms are identical and are also referred to as polar form.

Converting between Forms. When working with phasors it is often necessary to convert between rectangular and polar form. To convert from rectangular form to polar form:
 * $$M = \sqrt{A^2 + B^2}$$
 * $$\Phi = \arctan \left( \frac{B}{A} \right)$$

To convert from polar to rectangular form:
 * $$A = M\cos{\Phi}$$, where A is the part of the phasor along the real axis
 * $$B = M\sin{\Phi}$$, where B is the part of the phasor along the imaginary axis

Operations
Addition and subtraction. These can be performed in rectangular form:

 * $$\mathbb{C}_1 + \mathbb{C}_2 = (A_1 + A_2) + j(B_1 + B_2)$$, and
 * $$\mathbb{C}_1 - \mathbb{C}_2 = (A_1 - A_2) + j(B_1 - B_2)$$,
 * where, $$\mathbb{C}_1 = A_1 + jB_1$$ and $$\mathbb{C}_2 = A_2 + jB_2$$.

Inversion. An important relationship that is worth understanding is the inversion property of phasors:
 * $$\mathbb{C} = M_C\angle 0 = -M_C \angle 180$$

On the normal cartesian plane, for instance, the negative X axis is 180 degrees around from the positive X axis. By using that fact on an imaginary axis, we can see that the Negative Real axis is facing in the exact opposite direction from the Positive Real axis, and therefore is 180 degrees apart.

Complex Conjugation. Similar to the inversion property is the complex conjugation property of phasors. Complex conjugation is denoted with an asterisk above the phasor to be conjugated. Since phasors can be graphed on the Real-Imaginary plane, a 90 degree phasor is a purely imaginary number, and a -90 degree phasor is its complex conjugate:
 * $$\mathbb{C} = M \angle 90^\circ$$
 * $$\mathbb{C}^* = M \angle -90^\circ = M \angle 270^\circ$$

Essentially, this holds true for phasors with all angles: the sign of the angle is reversed to produce the complex conjugate of the phasor in polar notation. In general, for polar notation, we have:
 * $$\mathbb{C} = M \angle \phi$$
 * $$\mathbb{C}^* = M \angle -\phi$$

In rectangular form, we can express complex conjugation as:
 * $$\mathbb{C} = A + jB$$
 * $$\mathbb{C}^* = A - jB$$

Notice the only difference in the complex conjugate of C is the sign change of the imaginary part.

Two types of multiplication
Let $$\Re e\mathbb X$$ to the real part of the phasor $$\mathbb X$$ (written in exponential form.) In most cases, the real part of the product, $$\Re e \left[\mathbb C_1\cdot\mathbb C_2\right]$$, is not equal to the product of the real parts, $$(\Re e[\mathbb C_1])\cdot(\Re e[\mathbb C_2])$$. For this reason, multiplication must be done with care when physical meaning is involved. We can express this discrepancy with an inequality: $$\Re e \left\{\mathbb C_1 \mathbb C_2\right\}=M_1M_2\cos(\Phi_1+\Phi_2)$$    $$\ne$$    $$\left(\Re e\mathbb C_1\right)\cdot\left(\Re e\mathbb C_2\right)=M_1M_2\cos\Phi_1\cdot\cos\Phi_2$$

The former is the multiplication of the complex numbers associated with phasors, while the latter expresses the result of two (real valued) signals, as functions of time, where the complex phasors merely represent the signals.

A useful way to multiply phasors
Since it is common to multiply two signals, the most useful way to multiply phasors is probably the latter. Using the identity, $$2\cos\alpha\,\cos\beta$$$$\,=\,$$$$\cos(\alpha-\beta)+\cos(\alpha+\beta)$$, it can be shown that:

As will be shown next, using current and voltage as phasors, if both phases advance in time with the same angular frequency $$\omega$$, the first term is a constant while the second term oscillates at an angular frequency of $$2\omega$$.

Multiplication of two sinusoidal functions
Phasors are often used to represent sinusoidal signals, usually by taking only the real part of the exponential form. For example voltage $$V$$ might be expressed as:
 * $$V(t) = V_0\cos(\omega t + \varphi_v)$$.

This voltage can be represented as the real part of the phasor $$\mathbb V$$,

 * $$\mathbb V(t)=V_0e^{j(\omega t + \varphi_v)}$$.

In other words:
 * $$V= \Re e[\mathbb V]=\tfrac 1 2 (\mathbb V + \mathbb V^*)$$ ,

where $$V_0$$ is a real number known as the amplitude of the signal, and * denotes complex conjugate. Current is represented in the same way:
 * $$I(t) = I_0\cos(\omega t + \varphi_i)=

\Re e\left[I_0e^{j(\omega t + \varphi_i)}\right]= \Re e[\,\mathbb I\,]$$.

Power, $$P=IV$$ cannot be represented as a phasor because it contains an average part and an oscillating part. Moreover, the oscillating oscillates at angular frequency, $$2\omega$$ (instead of $$\omega$$.) Euler's formula permits us to write power in phasor notation as a real-valued entity:

 * $$\underbrace{P(t)=I(t)\cdot V(t)}_{\text{real numbers}}=

\left(\frac{\mathbb I + \mathbb I^*}{2}\right)\left(\frac{\mathbb V + \mathbb V^*}{2}\right) =\frac{\mathbb I^*\cdot\mathbb V + \mathbb I\cdot\mathbb V^*}{4} +\frac{\mathbb I\cdot\mathbb V + (\mathbb I\cdot\mathbb V)^*}{4}$$

Here we have treated the phasors as complex entities, where we have used the fact that, $$\mathbb I^* \mathbb V^*=(\mathbb I\mathbb V)^*,$$ for complex entities. Both terms on the RHS are real, and this grouping of four terms into two fractions highlights the peculiar time dependence associated with power. The first term on the RHS of the following does not depend on time, while the second term oscillates at twice the frequency:

 * $$I(t)\cdot V(t)=\frac 1 2

\underbrace{\left(\frac{\mathbb I^*\cdot\mathbb \mathbb V+\mathbb I\mathbb \cdot\mathbb V^*}{2}\right)}_ {\Re e [\mathbb I^*\cdot\mathbb V]} + \frac 1 2 \underbrace{\left(\frac{\mathbb I\cdot\mathbb \mathbb V+\mathbb I^*\mathbb \cdot\mathbb V^*}{2}\right)}_ {\Re e [\mathbb I\cdot\mathbb V]} $$

The number of complex conjugates in the product of two phasors dramatically affects the time dependence:
 * $$\begin{array}{ccl}

\mathbb I^*\cdot \mathbb V&= &I_0V_0 e^{j(\varphi_v-\varphi_i)} \\ \mathbb I\cdot \mathbb V&=& I_0V_0 e^{j(2\omega t+\varphi_v+\varphi_i)} \end{array}$$

Time average and root-mean-square
These equations simplify considerably if we are interested in time averages because the oscillating part of, $$P(t)=IV$$, vanishes if we either average over many cycles, or carefully average over exactly one cycle. Denote such a time average with the overbar (overline) symbol:

 * $$\overline{I(t)V(t)}= \tfrac 1 2 \Re e[\mathbb I^*\cdot\mathbb V]

=\tfrac 1 2 \Re e[\mathbb I\cdot\mathbb V^*]= \frac 1 2 \left(\frac{\mathbb I^*\cdot\mathbb V+\mathbb I\cdot\mathbb V^*}{2}\right)$$

The definition of root-mean-square applies to any quantity that is squared in this fashion:
 * $$I_\text{rms}\equiv\sqrt{\overline{I^2}}=\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2 I_0$$ $$\quad\text{and}\quad$$ $$V_\text{rms}\equiv\sqrt{\overline{V^2}}=\tfrac 1 \sqrt 2 V_0.$$

To render the formula more familiar to those accustomed to direct currents, we express the result in terms of root-mean-square values of current and voltage. Power, $$P=IV,$$ cannot be represented as a phasor because it is not a sinusoidal. Instead, it is the sum of a time-independent term, $$I_\text{rms}V_\text{rms}\cos(\varphi_v-\varphi_i)$$, plus a sinusoidal them with a frequency twice that of $$I(t)$$ or $$V(t)$$.

title: Phasor algebra


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Im Ha-ryong

Im Ha-ryong (born Im Han-yong on October 31, 1952) is a South Korean actor and comedian. During the 1980s and 1990s, Im was one of Korea's foremost comedians (called "gag men") alongside Shim Hyung-rae and Kim Hyung-gon. As his brand of comedy became less popular among younger viewers, Im started appearing in small supporting roles in films and television series, particularly those directed by Jang Jin. In 2005, he won Best Supporting Actor at the Blue Dragon Film Awards for his first major film role as a veteran soldier in the hit Korean War dramedy Welcome to Dongmakgol. Other notable films include workplace/musical drama Bravo My Life (2007) and political satire Good Morning President (2009).

title: Im Ha-ryong


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Talk:Salida Regional Library

WP:COI
It appears editor SRL1908 is an editor with a conflict of interest with this article. I've gone through and removed things that weren't important, or were irrelevant to the article and tried to bring it up to a better quality in general. I left a message on their page encouraging them to post here with a WP:COI banner under the project banners. For now I've removed the COI tag on the article page as I think it doesn't have object bias after my edits. Feel free to add any comments/thoughts on this! S EMMENDINGER  ( talk ) 01:28, 24 September 2017 (UTC)

Thanks Semmendinger for improving the page.

title: Talk:Salida Regional Library


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Nephopterix nocticolorella

Nephopterix nocticolorella is a species of snout moth in the genus Nephopterix. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1887. It is found in the Russian Far East (it was described from the Amur region).

title: Nephopterix nocticolorella


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Template:Naming

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Talk:Departments of Nicaragua

Untitled
hola mi nombre es rosa america aleman soy 100% nicaraguense vivo en ee.uu pero extraño mucho mi pais  pero  quiero mandar saludos a todos los del barrio edgar munguia a toda la familia maradiaga y aleman

X (department) -> X Department
I suggest moving the individual articles for Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala

from "X (department)" to "X Department"

That's the way it is done for all other articles in category:departments which need dab. (Except maybe some french, where dab is only partially needed.)

Chontales should be moved to "Chontales Department", maybe leaving redirect, even if there are other meanings.

Tobias Conradi2 13:44, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Departments of Nicaragua