text:
Talk:The Trial/Archive 1

"where he got his story"
Folks. We got a problem here. A single scholar somewhere says that Kafka simply stole the shape, structure, and content-skeleton from Dostoyevsky, and this is worthy of wikipedic inclusion? This is absurd, and there definitely isn't enough information given in the wiki to justify including this pap. It's misguided and obsessive to ask "Where did the author get his stories?" You can search far and wide, for any author, and eventually find some similarities elsewhere, and make the delusional/pathological argument that the author simply didn't innovate anything but merely stole it from somewhere else. For example, WHERE DID CRIME AND PUNISHMENT COME FROM? Is some scholar going to make a mission of finding where THAT was stolen from? Because I'm sure if you look hard enough, you'll find something vaguely resembles it, and you can start putting forth the incredible argument that Dostoyevsky simply stole it from that source. (Addiotionally Dostoy and Kafka both lived as authors within modern western civilization, it's not surprising that some of their characters or even scenarios have vague abstract resemblences. The same can be said for practically any two pieces of literature written within about 50 years of each other.)  Franz Kafka was an artist of the highest level of achievement, and it's insulting and outrageous to argue that The Trial's content comes from Crime and Punishment. Especially considering there's not even the SLIGHTEST HINT of this in any of Kafka's records, or from any of the insights that Max Brod has been able to offer, owing to his friendship and confidence with Kafka.

 * I have to admit I too found the claims far-fetched and a little hard to verify. One problem is that at the moment, almost a third of the article is dedicated to a single persons research.  I suggest trimming the content down, and making more NPOV to indicate that this view doesn't yet have wide acceptance.--Brendanfox 11:00, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

The End
We recently read The Trial in one of my classes and the professor told us that there is some controversy over the ordering of the chapters. Specifically, many scholars do not believe that the last chapter was intended to be the last chapter; instead, it was meant to go in the middle somewhere as a dream. They argue (among other things) that one of the points of the trial is that it goes on forever, and such a solid conclusion is not in line with what Kafka was trying to convey. I'm not familiar enough with the scholarship on this text to add this information myself. However, it would be nice if someone else who knew what I'm talking about went in and added it at some point. -- Zawersh 16:32, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You are right about the controversy, and to be honest no-one can really be sure of anything when it comes to Kafka's unfinished works, but if one is to believe what is said in the foreword of the edition of The Trial I have (a recent Swedish one, published by Bakhåll) the order of the chapters in that particular edition are based on the Kafka's own sorting of the original documents, and thus it is likely that this was Kafka's intention.

 * In addition, although based on my own opinion, "The End" has the feel of an ending chapter and certainly the qualities of one – even if not meant as one I consider it to be the best ending in the history of literature – and so I believe it to be perfectly viable that this is what Kafka intended. Although, as said, we can never know. //XXX XXXX, 26 April 2006

 * Given the points you acknowledge above, I think it's important to at least make reference to that controversy and uncertainty in the article. (Especially since so much space is given to the Crime and Punishment school of thought.) We can't know what he intended. The ordering that the papers happened to be in at his death isn't necessarily meaningful--who's to say he put them in that order for the reasons we assume, or for any reason at all? Regardless of his intention, literature is as much about interpretation as intent. Putting "The End" in the middle gives rise to very different interpretations than putting it at the end, and since we have no idea which is "correct", providing the foundation of both schools of thought seems the best approach for a balanced, encyclopedic article. (Too bad I'm not enough a student of literature, or Kafka, to add something about it myself. Oh well.) -- Zawersh 08:02, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

disambiguating
theres a song and an episode of dilbert also called The Trial. im not quite sure about the procedure for this, but would there be a disambiguation page or just references at the top of these pages? Tobias087 07:49, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Good call, I went ahead and put in the disambiguation. -- Zawersh 15:20, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Comparisons with other works
I have edited this, as it was incorrect - Nineteen Eighty-Four does not end with the protagonist's death. Rather, its final words express the utter submission of Winston Smith's will to that of the Party bureaucracy and Big Brother. His forthcoming execution is only implied. --Scrilly 11:44, 3 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm affraid not. The last words of Wiston are uttered as he feels the bullet entering his head from behind.

 * He was walking down the white-tiled corridor, with the feeling of walking in sunlight, and an armed guard at his back. The longhoped-for bullet was entering his brain.

 * See http://www.liferesearchuniversal.com/1984-24.html#twentyfour. Regards, --Abu Badali 13:12, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't think you've got that quite right. Winston is imagining his execution.  See e.g. http://groups.google.nl/group/alt.books.george-orwell/msg/5ffab2cc70405c69 for a good explanation. <IP_ADDRESS> 20:15, 14 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It sounded a little bit like speculation to me. But not a completely invalid point. Anyway, that's still someone's interpretation. --Abu Badali 18:43, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

Can comparisons of The Trial to Oldboy and The Count of Monte Cristo be said to be really relevant based solely on the fact that someone is somehow imprisoned in all of the works? //XXX XXXX, 26 April 2006
 * I don't see how this is at all relevant either. I'm removing the section entirely, since all it has at the moment is this (very weak) comparison. neckro 10:00, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

Evaluation
I cannot see how a scene in Welles' film adaption (it should be noted, however it is not important for my point, that his adaption is controversial and neither very reverent or true to the original novel. For example, Anthony Perkins is executed by the means of explosives. Even if film adaptions had been a good way to analyse books, Welles' adaption is, in other words, not a very reliable source) is relevant for the evaluation and analysis of Kafka's novel.

I therefore suggest that the passage on Christianity added the 21st of June is either rewritten, with references to Welles' film excluded, or completely removed. If Kafka even had any religious motives with his works, then Max Brod's Jewish interpretation (that of the court in the Trial being the 'divine court') is for more or less natural reasons a more probable theory. What is said about guilt and judgement however, is presumably a correct approach. Staretsen 09:25, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Over three days have passed, removing section until adequate response from author. —Staretsen 13:35, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

The film The Trial and the book to me and others is a depth psychological prologemena to Christian Faith and understanding of the law on an existential basis. I am not the Kafka scholar that you are but I will work on a revision to my initial entry. (Icybluedge)

"The Whipping"
I'm not going to edit the article directly as I don't have time to look for citations, etc. But I had a much different interpretation of the chapter where the flogging happens. While it may have been staged to show K. the court's power, I think that the setup is less important than the question it asks: who is more responsible, the corrupt individual or the corrupt organization? K. tries to buy their freedom, and the flogger assumes it is a trap. Most importantly, the policemen ask K., "we’re only being punished because you made a complaint against us. Nothing would have happened to us otherwise, not even if they’d found out what we’d done. Can you call that justice?" (Note: the translation I've quoted is an ebook from the University of Adelaide that's available under a CC license) - John C
 * The translation we've been using is by Willa and Edwin Muir, and is complete and unabridged. In the Whipper chapter, we have "As he passed the lumber-room again on his way out he could not resist opening the door. And what confronted him, instead of the darkness he had expected, bewildered him completely.  Everything was still the same, exactly as he had found it on opening the door the previous evening.  The files of old papers and the ink-bottles were still tumbled behind the threshold, the Whipper with his rod and the warders with all their clothes on were still standing there, the candle was burning on the bookcase, and warders immediately began to cry out: 'Sir!'"  So, once again I'm going to revert the changes of the editor who keeps removing this part of the novel...Brendanfox 23:40, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Parable
The section labeled "Parable" is a direct quote of the website it cites. Personally, I don't think it's worth keeping, but I don't want to delete it simply because I don't like it. -Mihoshi 22:32, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

Recent Changes
I've just made a few changes to the article as a whole, if there's any issues please just post here, and we can discuss them. Thanks. --Brendanfox 06:47, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

It needs to be clarified that the entire Interpretation section is taken from one person's personal blog, and it is therefore inappropriate to have that as the only opinion mentioned. It would be much more useful to have some information from an actual literary critic. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:05, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

A novelist's take
I would suggest anyone who has read this book to read the essay by Milan Kundera in his collection "Testaments Betrayed" or in "The Art of the Novel" (not as boring as it sounds I assure you!). I think I agree with the idea he presents - it is not a parable, but a piece of dense, but extremely dark ironic prose. Some Pup (talk) 21:10, 17 January 2008 (UTC)ps i forgot the apostrophe!

Characters
'If the novel had been finished, we might have heard more from Titorelli.'

This sectio has a few unsubstantiated comments like this and unencyclopedic language such as the nurse being "on fire" for the protagonist. I think it could do with some cleaning up. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:37, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

I agree and removed that offending quote - given that the great majority of characters and events lead nowhere in the novel, I think speculating that any character might have been of greater import is unwarranted. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nightsoil (talk • contribs) 18:17, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

Expansion
This article would benefit from a "Plot summary" section, perhaps 500-1000 words. --Elonka 21:36, 19 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Yeah, where is the synopsis???Sanitycult (talk) 03:48, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

Details missing
Name of publisher of novels?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Aebarschall (talk • contribs) 21:44, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

"Frau Grubach's Insinuations"
In the summary for the first chapter, it states that Frau Grubach mistakenly offends K. by saying that perhaps the arrest has to do with a theorized illicit romance between Fräulein Bürstner and K. However, the text doesn't state this at all in any translation I know. Rather, Grubach simply gossips to K. about Fräulein Bürstner's dating habits. Should this be changed?

 * I thought the same, but it may be that she alludes to a relationship between the two by means unobvious to the reader. I think it should be kept in, but the language ought to be changed to indicate that it's speculation. Unless, of course, someone has read another version - perhaps in the original German - which is clearer on the issue, and can definitively say otherwise. - Shoejar 18:45, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I have the german version in front of me right now. There is no mention or implication whatsoever that K. and Frl. Bürstner have any relationship. Frau Grubach merely states that she has seen Frl. Bürstner with two different men in short span of time, probably implying that Frl. Bürstner prostitutes herself but not with K.He then defends her vehemtly (sp?), altough we have been told that he hardly even knows her. That's all. <IP_ADDRESS> 12:12, 30 September 2006 (UTC) Cheers, Tobias

 * I think K. just get's offended that Grubach would make such a harsh observation about any of her boarders, and because the idea of Bürstner with other men threatens him sexually, him being attracted to her and all. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:52, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

Removing the "Interpretations" section
I removed the "Interpretations" section per the no original research policy. The entire section read like an essay of a person analyzing the work on his or her own. Interpretations of works need to come from reliable secondary sources. There is no reason to keep the section as is. — Erik (talk • contrib) 18:13, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

Help with new section
I would very much like to create a section discussing the interpretations of this novel which claim to have found the answer to K's arrest and seeming persecution. Ritchie Robertson argues in "Kafka: Judaism, Politics, and Literature," (Clarendon/Oxford 1985) as follows: "One could perhaps describe [Kafka's] procedure by saying that he has taken expressions like 'the moral law' literally. Suppose the moral law were not an abstract imperative but a law for which one could be arrested and tried for breaking?  Suppose it had an entire legal system, with its own courts, lawyers, and policemen, even its prison chaplain and its professional executioners, and suppose that these functionaries, though in the service of something absolute, were themselves human, fallible, and prone to misbehaviour?"

When you read the novel with these questions in mind, what immediately jumps out at you is Josef K's astonishing rudeness, immense ego, and lack of control over his sexual desires. With Fraulein Burstner: " "I'm just coming," K. said, rushed out, seized her, and kissed her first on the lips, then all over the face, like some thirsty animal lapping greedily at a spring of long-sought fresh water. Finally he kissed her on the neck, right on the throat, and kept his lips there for a long time."  This could not be more clearly the description of a vampire.

Q: Of what can someone be completely unaware, and yet unarguably guilty in everyone else's eyes? A: Moral ignorance. Of the seven deadly sins, K. is clearly guilty of Pride, Lust, and Anger. He doesn't seem guilty of Covetousness, Gluttony, or Envy, but as for Sloth, consider that he spends much of the first scene of the book in bed, not worried about getting ready for work.

Why do I not create this section? Well, I'm not too familiar with Wikipedia or footnoting. But if one of you reading this is interested in exploring these ideas further, I'll be only too happy to help.Powerlifterbaritone (talk) 20:23, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

 * The trouble is as soon as that kind of section on interpretations gains any kind of depth, some slubburp guy comes along and slashes it down saying "Uh-huh, fluff! Original research! Bad-bad!" See the section just before on this discussion page. Some people plainly want any article about an influential novel, a film, a painter or a classic work of music to take the form of a nondescript patchwork of raw facts that have been culled from various sources but which don't form a coherent or understandable whole. So the only kind of writing that is allowed to stay that relates to motives, interpretation and influence is stuff that you can cut and paste as direct statements saying just that from some elementary textbook. Predictably, the very simple or very blunt. Serious critics don't like to talk in declarative, big-type statements all the time, neither when giving their own discussions of levels of meaning or imagery in a work, nor when recapitulating what's been said by others, so their interpretations are hard to get in with these guys hanging around.

schizophrenic hallucinations?
When I read the trial I was always wondering about the degree to which the events are paranoid delusions. It reminded me of the schizophrenic state portrayed in 'A beautiful mind'. Any argumments for or against this interpretation? User:Ike9898

 * I've read it a few times, it always reminds me of a dream. People act so strangely and no one seems to notice. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:55, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

When reading any novel, esp Kafka, it is important to question whether we can trust the narrator... Josef does not seem to be a very trustworthy narrator. He seems paranoid and suspicious of everyone. The fact that he seems to have no friends or family supports this. However, judging from the fact that the novel starts at a waking moment suggests it is a dream.BubblegumBlossom

 * I think the novel would be pretty boring if is "just" a dream or a particular state of mind. The beauty in Kafka's work is that it is real and unreal at the same time, mirroring us the world we live in. If it would be just a dream K. could just wake up. But then there is no urgency in it - what would be the point? I think one shouldn't read Kafka's work too naturalistic and too much looking for the real world in there. It's a different world - and yet so close to ours. Besides, the behaviour of the people in The Trial is not that extraodinarily strange, it's just heightened and exxagerated. Also I like to point out that Josef K. is not the narrator of the story as suggested by BubblegumBlossom. It's a third-person-narrator.--Dyynamic (talk) 07:52, 5 November 2009 (UTC)

Name of "Josef K"
I changed the plot overview to use K everwhere instead of varying between Joseph or Josef K. Perhaps it should use K. instead. Any thoughts? -- Autopilot (talk) 02:07, 16 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Anyone know if the name has been hypothesized to be connected to the birth name of Joseph Conrad? Conrad was born Jòzef Konrad Korzeniowski, and while he always used the name Joseph Conrad as a writer, it's not inconceivable that Kafka may have known about his birth name, as Conrad's father was the well-known Polish poet and patriot Apollo Korzeniowski. Apollo had taken part in preparing the ground for the Polish revolt against Russia in 1863 and while his work was suppressed for some time in Russia, it was probably legal in Austria-Hungary. Kafka sympathized with the nationalist movements undermining the Double Monarchy and it wouldn't be far-fetched to think that he knew A.K. and so knew about the connection to the English writer. Strausszek (talk) 23:42, 10 July 2010 (UTC)

The Trial
(intro section)

"the nature of his crime never revealed either to him or the reader."

Surely it is his relative social advantage which is shown to dominate and harm his accusers? Am I the only one who realized that? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:10, 1 March 2010 (UTC)

 * apparently. but I am sure if it were ascertained specifically that he was Jewish, you would have numerous editors who would agree with your thesis. Stellarkid (talk) 15:56, 1 March 2010 (UTC)

Hmm, me again replying. I did read a preface to his story A Little Woman, a story about a woman's irrational hatred and disgust for a man she knows, which had been considered possibly a barometer of pre-holocaust anti-semitism. My own feelings, reading The Trial, were that the protagonist is actually insensitive to the notion that others actually are living in disadvantage. It happens every day that we are in supermarkets where there are poor people, barely able to buy any food. We don't give them some of ours, we ignore them. My own (as yet unjustified) sense about The Trial is that it is about the concept of a legitimate unease about the rules of social advantage implicit in trade, implicit in capitalism. Whereas A Little Woman is about an ethnic disgust of someone who, again, is in a superior position. I think about the chapter in The Trial where his own inquisitors are beaten for his lack of cooperation. His opponents in The Trial are vulnerable, real people with real feelings and real suffering. Whereas his opponent in A Little Woman is an irrational hater. Anyway, I will read the Wikipedia article about A Little Woman w/r to your comment. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:54, 13 March 2010 (UTC)
 * What the person quoted at the start was saying is, I think, that nothing is ever 'explicitly* said about the nature of the offence, and that Josef K. doesn't reach any final, clear idea of what it is. It can still be implied, of course. In the same way, Camus' The Stranger has Meursault put on trial for killing the Arab, and he is condemned to death, but the *real* reason for his being morally condemned and sentenced to death (not prison, which would have been more likely in French Algeria in such a case) is that he comes across to the court and the public as a cold and amoral man, a bad son who smoked on his mother's funerary wake and who is unrepentant and doesn't want to see a priest. That's implied, but never said openly. I would add myself ~(subjectively, and moving to the philosophical side of the book) that he dies because he is unable to grasp the theatricals of everyday life, to look behind what people say, to read the roles. That's a real reason first why he lands in the situation where he will shoot the nameless Arab and then why he makes such a lame figure at the trial. Meursault doesn't realize when other people are pitching something to him or talking about him, possibly because he has never learnt to move beyond the here and now.

 * I don't know if Camus had read Kafka in 1939/40, or even knew of him at the time, but there is a definite affinity between the two novels (not in style though!) Strausszek (talk) 23:36, 11 July 2010 (UTC)

Surrealism in the novel
I'm quite surprised that there's no mention in the article of the novel's surrealist tones. Some have in this discussion mentioned that the novel feels quite "dreamlike", and that is absolutely true. However, that doesn't necessarily indicate that the plot itself is a dream, but is rather simply a characteristic of Kafka's signature style which was known to be very surrealist (e.g. "Metamorphosis", "The Penal Colony", "The Castle"). —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:35, 26 August 2010 (UTC)

Interpretations
"The parable within Kafka's masterpiece highlights perfectly the essence of his philosophy. Assigned unique roles in life, individuals must search deep within the apparent absurdity of existence to achieve spiritual self-realisation. The old man, therefore, is the symbol of this universal search inherent to mankind. 'The Trial' is not simply a novel about the potential disaster of over-bureaucratisation in society; it is an exploration of the personal and, particularly, spiritual, needs of human beings."

What the hell is this? Seriously, who writes these things? Anyway such interpretations don't belong in an encyclopedia entry even if good and competent. Someone should either severely alter the whole section under which it appears or delete it altogether. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:50, 8 August 2010 (UTC)

I didn't but, actually, I like it very much! Maybe you have far better suggestion? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:33, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

German Title
Wanted to point out that the German title is actually "Der Prozess" not "Der Process" as is currently on the page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:38, 2 March 2011 (UTC)
 * See the article's footnote #1. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 09:45, 4 March 2011 (UTC)

Evaluation of impact
There are no sources explaining why the book had so much impact? --Enric Naval (talk) 12:21, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

Removing Some of the Pain by "The Trial" - Only a Tip
By The Trial, you may want to consider "Legal Process" and "Litigation" to let of some worry and mental steam! Merry Christmas! Cheers! <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:42, 9 December 2012 (UTC)

More content needed
Various editors seem to have removed the majority of this article's content. I imagine they were quite right to do so, yet none the less there is a severe lack of content, especially regarding interpretations, analysis and criticism. For example the introduction mentions 'certain inconsistencies' in the plot (resulting from the incomplete state of the novel), yet none of these are mentioned in the article. You can learn more about the Trial reading through the discussion page than you can the article. I don't feel I know the text well enough to add to the article though, so I can't really complain. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:11, 13 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Yep, you can find the same problem at many articles on famous novels, films and works of art here on WP. I think this is because serious literary criticism, literary biographies and reviewing - as opposed to the schlocky kind you find in tabloids and broad mass market outlets - tend not to be written in the way many WP editors would like it to be, if it is to be used as a source. Most critics and literary historians don't habitually toss out ostentatious, blanket statements in the vein of "it is the first/the only book that tells of X...", "Earlier critics thought that he was influenced by X in describing A, but this can be safely discounted", "X dies because of so-and-so" etc. That kind of toss-up, declarative, talk-show type statements is simply not how most critics express themselves when discussing a book or a film, especially not a book or a writer that's a century old already - but those kinds of statements are precisely the sort that are easiest to use as building blocks for articles here, due to policy, or some people's view of WP policy.

 * In most in-depth discussions of literature by critics or academics, the kinds of conclusions they're after - the interesting stuff - are semi-implied, couched within a chain of discussion and argument, or qualified and tempered, rather than spelled out like big headlines. You can tell what they mean, but it's hard to quote or reference in a way that makes it a quick, unchallengeable soundbite here on WP. So, most of the interesting and even established views on a novel likeThe Trial (or Joyce's Ulysses for that matter) are dificult to fit in without having them removed by someone who walks in and says "uh, this isn't said just like that, in plain letters by a reliable source", "most RS don't mention this view so it can't be notable" or "I have another source who says nothing about this shit"... <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:33, 28 January 2015 (UTC)

Metaphor for Being Between Cultures
I have wondered whether the confusion of the law was a symbol of Kafka trying to adjust to multiple cultures. He was a Czech living in the Austrian Empire (and writing in its language) and a Jew in a Christian society. Each of these groups had laws of its own, and it would be confusing to keep track of all of them, let alone comply with them. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:35, 19 March 2015 (UTC)
 * I guess there are as many interpretations of his works as there are people who read them...anyway Talk pages are no discussion forums. You might post such things in Goodreads book groups or other literature forums. Also I'm not sure if you're referring to the literal juridical law of each of these cultures or their norms, peculiarities and culture (see also: Culture shock & Paris syndrome). The latter would make some sense. And I guess most interpretations do to various degrees as after all Kafka is the subject of many influences that each to some degree might reflect off his work. But as you wrote "keep track of all of them, let alone comply with them" I guess you actually referred to the former. I really think people read his works way to over-interpretative in a symbolic, "what does the author want to tell us with that?" way. I think his books are supposed to be read as surreal, anxious, alienated, absurdist, existentialist, atmospheric pearls of the subconscious (and not under constant "metaphor"-searching-perspective -> the book's content is in so far "metaphoric" as it's the undirected [in the sense of symbolic intention] expression of the subconscious and hence all its content has its roots/correspondent in the real external and internal/mental world). --Fixuture (talk) 18:14, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Fringe
User:Shadowjams a section "Relationship between The Trial and Crime and Punishment" on 11 January 2010 with the edit summary: "remove cruft in middle that was commented out". The commenting-out by User:LMB on 9 October 2009. The material was (and in the German article) by User:Nicanor5 on 4 October 2005. That section has now been by <IP_ADDRESS> with the edit summary: "Added an important section that was stupidly removed a few years ago. If you can't find references, use "citation needed" brackets. The new book was recently translated into English as well and can be found on Amazon under the name The Trial Rediscovered.". by User:Guisantru may be related.

I agree with the removal from 2010 as Guillermo Sánchez Trujillo's theory seems to fall under WP:FRINGE unless further material discussing it, preferably in English or German, can be included. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 04:35, 5 February 2016 (UTC)

I'm the person who reincluded that section. According to Wikipedia's policy, fringe theories can be mentioned but not given a misleading weight by making them seem like they are accepted by consensus. Therefore, I don't see why it should be removed. Perhaps we could change the wording to explicitly mention that it's not a widely know theory? Regarding references, except for some random articles that I wouldn't use as a reference either, I've only seen (a) articles in Spanish and (b) the book's preface, which is available in both Spanish and English (the book has been translated as of 2015). <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:05, 9 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Unless there is some material from reputable sources discussing Trujillo's theory, the section – which was much too long (WP:UNDUE) – should stay removed. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 21:58, 9 February 2016 (UTC)

Different translations
I am currently reading The Trial and find that the basic information in the synopsis is correct, but that many of the details are incorrect. Therefore, I wonder if the differences are a result of translational differences or other differences between editions resulting from the use of the original manuscripts. I certainly would not want to make changes that are completely accurate in other editions of the book. Da 'Sco Mon 09:09, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * What language are you reading it in? Does you edition give the name of the translator? ike9898 14:42, Mar 30, 2005 (UTC)

K.'s Uncle
In the spoilers it says K.'s Uncle is a friend of the Clerk of the Court, however does he not just meet him when they go and visit the lawyer? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:34, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

order of chapters
There is no real order of chapters in The Trial, and it makes no difference which one you read first. See my added section "existence". — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:35, 17 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Where? Ironically your "existence" section does not exist... IS this some kind of existential joke? 2A00:23C8:8F9E:4801:313D:A040:B7C:F11B (talk) 16:10, 25 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Trial/Archive 1


text:
Plotnikovo, Kamensky District, Altai Krai

Plotnikovo (Плотниково) is a rural locality (a selo) in Plotnikovsky Selsoviet, Kamensky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 75 as of 2013. There are 5 streets.

Geography
Plotnikovo is located 38 km southeast of Kamen-na-Obi (the district's administrative centre) by road. Lugovoye is the nearest rural locality.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Pierre de Nyert

Pierre de Nyert (1597 in Bayonne – 1682 in Paris) was a 17th-century French opera singer.

Biography
First valet de chambre of Louis XIII and Louis XIV, Pierre de Nyert was sent to Rome in 1633 to perfect his vocal education. He borrowed from the Italians the respect of natural prosody, good diction and the enhancement of the lyrics, but according to the French taste, he made good use of the art of embroidery while keeping a fair and refined declamation.

Among his pupils were Michel Lambert, Anne Chabanceau de La Barre, Mlle Hilaire and, probably also, Bénigne de Bacilly.

Pierre de Nyert was an interior valet, a title that actually covered several charges, relaying information and sometimes rumor, serving those who had the misfortune of displeasing them.

title: Pierre de Nyert


text:
WISE

WISE may refer to:

Arts, entertainment, and media

 * WISE (AM), a radio station licensed to Asheville, North Carolina
 * WISE-FM, a radio station licensed to Wise, Virginia
 * WISE-TV, a television station licensed to Fort Wayne, Indiana

Education

 * Web-based Inquiry Science Environment, a program hosted by Berkeley University
 * Wilberforce Institute for the study of Slavery and Emancipation, a research institute at University of Hull, England
 * Wind Science and Engineering Research Center (WiSE), at Texas Tech University
 * World Islamic Sciences and Education University, in Amman, Jordan

Organisations and programmes

 * WISE Campaign, an initiative to encourage women into science and engineering
 * Women's Islamic Initiative in Spirituality and Equality, a religious organization based in the United States
 * Work improvement in small enterprises, a programme for improvement of occupational health-and-safety conditions
 * World Information Service on Energy, an international anti-nuclear network based in Amsterdam
 * World Innovation Summit for Education, a global forum based in Doha, Qatar
 * World Institute of Scientology Enterprises, a Church of Scientology organization

Technology

 * Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, a NASA-funded infrared-wavelength astronomical space telescope
 * Wing-in-surface-effect, a type of ground effect vehicle
 * Windows Interface Source Environment, a 1994 method for Microsoft Windows applications on other hosts
 * WISE Installation System, Windows installation authoring software

Transport

 * West Ipoh Span Expressway, an expressway under construction in Ipoh, Malaysia

title: WISE


text:
okoun

Etymology
. Equivalent to. Possibly derived from the fact that eyes of a perch fished up from a large depth tend to bulge out because of the sudden pressure change.

Noun

 * 1) perch

title: okoun


text:
Zee Alwan

Zee Alwan is a cable satellite television channel based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates and owned and operated by Zee Entertainment Enterprises, an Indian media and entertainment company. It majorly airs programmes in Arabic and other regional languages of the South Asia. A part of the Zee Entertainment Enterprises, it started to broadcast on 10 October 2012 as the first Hindi & Urdu language cable & satellite channel in the Middle East.

Zee Alwan brought some of India & Pakistan are the most popular television serials to the Middle East in capitalizing on the growing popularity of Bollywood world.

Zee Alwan airs a range programming, which includes dubbed Indian serials, shows on cookery, health and fitness, and travel features, among others, Bollywood films and shows subtitled in Arabic are also aired.

It is operated by Middle East Broadcasting Center, a media and entertainment company based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, majorly airing programmes in Arabic and other regional languages of the Arab world. The channel is also available in other Arab countries in the Middle East, as well as parts of Europe, Africa and North America. As a part of the Middle East Broadcasting Center, it started to broadcast on 1 December 2017 as the first Arabic language cable & satellite channel in the Arab world.

Social media
Due to Zee Music and Zee TV both having over 50 million subscribers, Zee Alwan has 3.16 million subscribers on its YouTube channel. Unlike Zee Music, Zee Alwan is not one of the most popular YouTube channels, but it still amasses a large number of subscribers.

Programming

 * Bacha Party Kids Party (subtitled in Arabic)
 * Dance India Dance (subtitled in Arabic)
 * The Great Indian Rasoi (subtitled in Arabic)
 * Snack Attack (subtitled in Arabic)
 * Khana Khazana (subtitled in Arabic)
 * Yoga for Life (subtitled in Arabic)
 * Yoga for Life with Kurt Johnson (subtitled in Arabic)
 * Peggy K's Kitchen Cures (subtitled in Arabic)
 * Nirmala's Spice World (subtitled in Arabic)
 * The Incurables (subtitled in Arabic)
 * BrainCafé (subtitled in Arabic)
 * Science With BrainCafé (subtitled in Arabic)
 * Jeena Isi Ka Naam Hai (subtitled in Arabic)
 * Yoga For You (subtitled in Arabic)
 * Pilates (subtitled in Arabic)
 * Pilates from the Inside Out (subtitled in Arabic)
 * Rock Your Yoga (subtitled in Arabic)
 * سهرة مع نجوم بوليوود (subtitled in Arabic)
 * Full Circle (subtitled in Arabic)
 * Under the Sun (subtitled in Arabic)
 * Under the Sun with Nathan LeRoy (subtitled in Arabic)
 * The Genesis of Healing (subtitled in Arabic)

title: Zee Alwan


text:
Filter in turn

A filter in turn is a type of traffic junction found in the Channel Islands. The basic concept is that vehicles are required to take turns to go through the junction. Filter in turn junctions take slightly different forms across the island.

Due to a signage change in Jersey, both islands now use the same sign to indicate a filter in turn.

Jersey
In Jersey, there are five filter in turns.The first is a roundabout in Beaumont where traffic must take turns to move round the roundabout rather than the regular system of Give Way to the right.

Three of the junctions are on the St Helier ring road and were introduced in 2012. They are effectively merge in turn junctions at various gyratories on the system. They were introduced to improve road safety.

The final filter in turn is located at the end of Victoria Avenue. Traffic in both lanes where the dual carriageway reduces to a single carriageway must take it in turns to merge into the new lane in conditions of heavy traffic. These are accompanied by signs telling road users to use both lanes. This system exists to prevent the build-up of traffic during peak traffic times.

Guernsey
In Guernsey, filter in turn junctions are more common than in Jersey and are used in a variety of road situations. This is because (unlike Jersey) Guernsey has no road classification system, and traffic speeds tend to be lower, so roads more often have equal priority. Guernsey often uses box junctions at filter in turns to ensure traffic filtering does not block other traffic at peak times. Unlike in Jersey, filter in turns have painted "FILTER" markings on the road.

Elsewhere
While a formal filter-in-turn road rule does not exist elsewhere, road users in other countries may spontaneously adopt a similar arrangement from time to time at merge junctions where traffic is slow-moving and roughly equally heavy on both roads, even where one road has legal priority. A similar junction, known as an all-way stop, is common in North America and South Africa, where the vehicle that stops first proceeds first. In some parts of Mexico, there are intersections where vehicles must take turns to proceed. Depending on the region, they're known as either "uno y uno", "ceda el paso a un vehiculo ", "X altos" (where X is the number of approaches), or "alto de cortesia". Unlike an all-way stop, vehicles are not always required to make a complete stop. Pedestrians generally have the right of way over vehicles.

title: Filter in turn


text:
Backbooth

Backbooth is a live acoustic album by American post-grunge band Seven Mary Three. It was released on February 9, 2010, on Settle Up.

Track listing

 * 1) "Untitled" – 3:30
 * 2) "Last Kiss" – 4:01
 * 3) "Oceans of Envy" – 3:31
 * 4) "Wait" – 3:07
 * 5) "Laughing Out Loud" – 3:30
 * 6) "Dreaming Against Me" – 3:07
 * 7) "Home Stretch" – 3:28
 * 8) "Dead Days In the Kitchen" – 3:40
 * 9) "She Wants Results" – 4:21
 * 10) "Flagship Eleanor" – 2:49
 * 11) "Upside Down" – 4:22
 * 12) "Hammer & a Stone" – 4:43
 * 13) "Each Little Mystery" – 3:13
 * 14) "Southwestern State" – 5:50
 * 15) "Lucky" – 4:12
 * 16) "That's How Strong My Love Is" – 3:05
 * 17) "Walk With the Devil" – 4:40

Album credits

 * Jason Ross – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
 * Thomas Juliano – lead guitar, backing vocals
 * Casey Daniel – bass
 * Mike Levesque – drums
 * Aaron Lee Tasjan - keyboards
 * Steven Foxbury - backing vocals

title: Backbooth


text:
User:AHACS/TWA/Earth/2

Earth interacts with other objects in the Solar System, particularly the Sun and the Moon. The Earth orbits the Sun roughly once every 365.25 days. One spin is called a 'day' and one orbit around the Sun is cahlled a 'year'. This is why there are 365 days in a year, but a leap day added to the calendar once every 4 years. gggShape and structure

Tectonic plates

Surface

Atmosphere

Weather, climate, and water cycle

Orbit and rotation

References

title: User:AHACS/TWA/Earth/2


text:
ведро

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) pail, bucket

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) pail, bucket
 * 2) a measure of liquid

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) good weather

Etymology 1
, from, from , from the root. Akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) bucket, pail
 * 2)  vedro; an ancient Russian measure of liquids equal to 12.3 liters ($1/undefined$ бочки)
 * 3)   rustbucket, bucket of bolts a run-down automobile or machine
 * 1)   rustbucket, bucket of bolts a run-down automobile or machine

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) bucket
 * 2) pail

title: ведро


text:
NASM

NASM may refer to:

 * National Academy of Sports Medicine, an American organisation
 * Netwide Assembler, a free x86 assembler
 * National Air and Space Museum, a Smithsonian museum in Washington, D.C., and Virginia, US
 * National Association of Schools of Music, US
 * Holland America Line, formerly the Nederlandsch-Amerikaansche Stoomvaart-Maatschappij (Netherlands-American Steamship Company)
 * Naval Anti-Ship Missile (disambiguation), one of two types of missiles, short- and medium-range, respectively

title: NASM


text:
Jaswant Singh–Bhattacharji stain

Jaswant Singh–Bhattacharji stain, commonly referred to as JSB stain, is a rapid staining method for detection of malaria. It is useful for the diagnosis of malaria in thick smear samples of blood. The JSB stain is commonly used throughout India, but rarely used in other countries.

Composition
The JSB stain consists of two solutions which are used in sequence to stain various parts of the sample. The first solution consists of methylene blue, potassium dichromate, and sulfuric acid diluted in water. This solution is heated for several hours to oxidize the methylene blue. The second solution is eosin dissolved in water.

title: Jaswant Singh–Bhattacharji stain


text:
Portal:New Zealand/Selected picture/Week 13, 2006

Punakaiki is a small community on the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand, between Westport and Greymouth. The community lies on the edge of the Paparoa National Park. The Pancake Rocks is a popular tourist attraction at Dolomite Point south of the main village, consisting of a heavily eroded dolomite area where the sea bursts though a number of vertical blowholes during high tides. Picture archive


text:
James Rosecrans

James Edward Rosecrans (January 13, 1953 – December 22, 2022) was an American football linebacker. He played one game for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL) in 1976. He played college football at Penn State University.

Rosecrans died on December 22, 2022, at the age of 69.

title: James Rosecrans


text:
2017–18 HockeyAllsvenskan season

The 2017–18 HockeyAllsvenskan season is the 13th season that the second tier of Swedish ice hockey has operated under that name. The series consists of 14 teams playing a regular season in which each team plays each other team four times, twice at home and twice away. This is followed by a series of promotion and relegation tournaments, with the teams finishing first through eight participating in promotion playoffs, and the teams finishing 13th and 14th forced to requalify to avoid relegation to the Hockeyettan.

Finals
The top two teams from the regular season will meet in a best-of-five tournament, with the winner advancing directly to the SHL qualifiers, and the losing team forced to play an additional playoff. The matches began on 9 March and finished on 13 March.

HockeyAllsvenskan playoffs
Teams 3–8 from the regular season will play a single round-robin tournament, with teams 3–5 getting home-ice advantage. The season is then over for all but the winning team, which advances to the meet the loser of the HockeyAllsvenskan finals in a playoff to the SHL qualifiers. Teams also started with bonus points based on their position in the regular season standings. Team 3 began with three points, team 4 with two points, and team 5 with one point.

Playoff to the SHL qualifiers
In the playoff to the SHL qualifiers (Play Off inför direktkval till SHL), the losing team from the HockeyAllsvenskan finals will meet the winning team from the HockeyAllsvenskan playoffs in a best-of-three series that will be played on 20 March, 22 March and 24 March. The winning team will advance to the SHL qualifiers.

SHL qualifiers
Two teams from the HockeyAllsvenskan and two teams from the SHL will play a best-of-seven series, with the winner qualifying for play in the 2018–19 SHL season. The winner of the HockeyAllsvenskan finals will meet team 14 from the SHL, while the winner of the playoff to the SHL qualifiers will meet team 13 from the SHL. Mora IK was the first team to win their series, 4–1, to qualify for continued SHL play. Timrå would then win their series, 4–3, to qualify for the SHL for the first time since 2012–13.

HockeyAllsvenskan qualifiers
Västervik and Troja/Ljungby, teams 13 and 14 from the regular season, were forced to defend their spots in HockeyAllsvenskan in the HockeyAllsvenskan qualifiers (Kval till HockeyAllsvenskan). Joining the two HockeyAllsvenskan teams were four challengers from third-tier league Hockeyettan, the winner of the Hockeyettan Finals (Borlänge HF) and the three surviving teams from the Hockeyettan playoffs.

title: 2017–18 HockeyAllsvenskan season


text:
Filmmaking Basics/Matte Painting

Overview

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"

 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Basic info about Matte Painting

 * There are two kinds of matte painting :

 * Painted backdrops. (There are no actors visible.)
 * Extensions of the actual movie set. (There are actors are in the scene.)

 * For Wikiversity Film School, we use only the second kind of matte painting.

 * You can find lots of instructions and examples of the first method on the Internet. But we don't want that.  We want only the second kind.

 * Extend the movie set with a painting
 * At Wikiversity, we take an existing movie set and enhance the movie set by extending it beyond the physical movie set.

The history

 * Low cost movie sets
 * The oldest, the easiest, and the most fun way to save money on a movie set is with a "Matte Painting". You build a real movie set around your actors.  But the rest of the movie set is a painting.

 * This is not blue screen or green screen. Rather the actors stay inside of their real set but the outer edges where the actors do not go is painted.

Matte Painting projects

 * Art Rage Free
 * Art Rage Free is a natural painting program which is free.

 * Your assignments is to expand on the movie set of your animatic for "Seduced By The Dark Side!" using Art Rage Free (or a similar painting program.) (See below for examples.)

 * Tux Paint (free)

 * Tux paint is a fun painting program for kids.

 * Your assignments is to expand on the movie set for the scene called "Out For A Walk" which you looked at in the lesson on film dailies. You will use pre-defined templates set up for Tux Paint.  (See the example to the right.)

 * GIMP
 * Gimp allows you to cut an paste photos. Remember, don't use copyrighted photos or buildings which you do not own.

 * Photoshop
 * Photoshop works much better than GIMP. You can purchase Adobe Photoshop 4 new for very little.  Or get Photoshop 5.5 which has editedable lettering.

Assignment #2 Your second assignment can use Tux Paint This is an example of your second assignment.
 * style="width: 40%; background-color: white; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 100px;" |

A single frame from the scene   Before

Here is a simple scene as it was filmed on in the movie studio.

Notice that the edge of the movie set is incomplete. Also we need a much larger movie set so we can zoom out.

Created with Tux Paint by Tunderboy9 After

Here is the scene composited with the matte painting created in Tux Paint.

As you can see, the original movie set is still there with no modification. The only difference is the movie set has been extended out with a beautiful matte painting created by your brilliant instructor. Can you do better?
 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"

 * style="width: 40%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Assignment #1

Your first assignment can use Art Rage Free, Photoshop, or Gimp

 * Completing the movie set
 * For this assignment, you need to extend the movie set created in FrameForge 3D studio. The 3D storyboards created in FrameForge 3D Studio will be used to create an animatic (which is a movie of the storyboards.)  You need to expand on the simple, blank wall that we use for the movie set.  And you need to make it larger  so the camera can zoom out.

 * Be creative
 * What you draw is whatever you want outside the area where the actors walk. There are no limits... except you must never draw over area where the actors are.

 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"

 * style="width: 40%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

An Example

 * Walking to the left
 * Here is a matte painting created by Tunderboy

 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"

 * style="width: 40%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Another Example

 * Walking into the sunset
 * Many students want the movie to end with the two people walking into the sunset. If you set up the camera so the actors are filmed against the pavement, you can expand the movie set to include the sunset.

 * The movie set is the pavement
 * Here the pavement acts as the movie set.

+ →  or   The actors can move within the physical movie set.

 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"

 * style="width: 40%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Error

 * Unfinished movie set
 * The most important thing to remember is the actor must not go beyond the movie set. This is an error.

 * Here the actors have gone beyond the movie set. Their heads will be cut off by the matte painting.

 * The solution is to raise the camera so the actors have more time to walk. Or you can simply have the actors walk slower.

 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"

 * style="width: 40%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Things to think about

 * Zoom effect
 * The reason that we are creating such a large matte painting is to create a zoom (dolly out) effect. The shot starts with the original frame.  Then the magnification is reduced until the entire matte painting fits into the size of the original frame.  This looks like a wonderful zoom of the lens but really it is just a trick of magnification using an oversized matte painting.

 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"

 * style="width: 100%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Matte Painting vs. Blue Screen

 * Matte painting
 * 1) The actors can interact with their surroundings.
 * 2) No special lighting or backdrop is needed.
 * 3) Requires the building of a partial movie set.

 * Blue Screen (or Green Screen)
 * 1) The actors cannot interact with objects
 * 2) Actors must have limited colors (not blue for blue screen and not green for green screen.)
 * 3) Very difficult to do realistically because of lighting and other problems.
 * 4) Requires no movie set but requires an expensive blue or green backdrop which must be very carefully lit.

 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 100%; background-color: LemonChiffon; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="2" |

The next page

 * Next, look how to create a matte painting for "Seduced by the Dark Side!"

 * Matte Painting for "Seduced by the Dark Side!" [[Image:Crystal Clear action forward.png|24px]]

 * }

title: Filmmaking Basics/Matte Painting


text:
Talk:Udaya Kumar (director)

Feedback from New Page Review process
I left the following feedback for the creator/future reviewers while reviewing this article: Thank you for this new article, but note that other editors have called for more evidence that the gentleman is notable. For pointers, follow the links n the notice at the top of the article. If this matter is not addressed, future editors could call for the article to be deleted..

 DOOMSDAYER 520 | TALK | CONTRIBS 20:50, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Udaya Kumar (director)


text:
Rowlings

Rowlings is a surname of English and Irish origin. Notable people with the surname are:

 * Barry Rowlings (born 1950), Australian footballer
 * Ben Rowlings (born 1996), British paralympic athlete
 * Stephen Rowlings (born 1976), English snooker player

title: Rowlings


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dance Now 2002: Volume two

The result was   delete. Missvain (talk) 05:34, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

Dance Now 2002: Volume two

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Non-notable album. Fails WP:NALBUM and WP:GNG. Vanjagenije (talk) 09:54, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 19:01, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of New Zealand-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 19:01, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Albums and songs-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 19:01, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Delete As per nom. DerbyCountyinNZ  (Talk Contribs) 03:07, 12 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Help desk/Archives/2019 September 18

= September 18 =

There's no Edit button
There's no edit button. I want to edit an article about Felipe Vazquez. Help. — Preceding unsigned comment added by AJBaseball (talk • contribs) 03:53, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * you can start by reading WP:YFA. Writing an article is one of the hardest tasks here, that's why I want to caution you not to be too fast. If it takes a month, then it takes a month. There is no need to hurry. Victor Schmidt mobil (talk) 05:00, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * The article Felipe Vázquez can be edited by clicking the "Edit" button at the top, or by clicking "Edit" for any section. What device are you using?   Dbfirs  06:58, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Felipe Vázquez is semi-protected so it can only be edited by autoconfirmed users. You can click "View source" and submit and edit request, or you can make seven more edits to other pages so you become autoconfirmed. PrimeHunter (talk) 10:41, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Sorry, missed spotting that.  Dbfirs  18:37, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

Adding entries in other languages to a Wikipedia page
Hello, were trying to link this page in the Swazi Wikipedia (https://ss.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkulunkulu) which is about God, to the already existing page in English Wikipedia God, however, wasn't able to do so (I'm relatively a newbie in Wikipedia, so, still don't really know how to do things here properly by the way), so, could someone help me in this issue? — Preceding unsigned comment added by TheWikipedian1250 (talk • contribs) 04:55, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Hello, . Interlanguage links are now usually handled through WP:Wikidata. The problem was that there is an existing Wikidata entry d:Q190 which links articles about "God" in 178 languages, but the Swazi article ss:Nkulunkulu was linked to a separate Wikidata entry d:Q31834479 which linked to no other article. I have merged the two Wikidata items, so the Swazi article is now linked to all the other ones. ✅ --ColinFine (talk) 05:45, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

 * , since you are there... The external link section in ss:Nkulunkulu looks highly inappropriate to me. The catholic.org link might be appropriate, but God is not a purely Catholic or even Christian concept; if "Nkulunkulu" is only about the Christian or Catholic God, the Wikidata merge might be inappropriate. There is also an external link to Conservapedia, which is inappropriate (not a reliable source even for what US evangelists think). Tigraan Click here to contact me 10:38, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * It's a references section. Each language makes their own rules. The Swazi Wikipedia only has 485 articles and 14 active editors so they may not even have many rules. I wouldn't apply standards of the English Wikipedia. Only one article ss:LiBhayibheli (Bible) is above 16 kB, and it has no references. PrimeHunter (talk) 11:38, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Fair enough that the rules (or absence of rules) might be different than en-wp. Still, all Wikipedias have roughly the same objective to present unbiaised information (I doubt the WMF would be pleased with a "only Christian sources" rule), so we might as well give a nudge when a local editor comes by. Tigraan Click here to contact me 12:16, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

DNA
Hi. i downloaded my DNA file from Ancestry and was told i would have to wait for a Gedmatch file. So now a week later i dont know where to go to find it — Preceding unsigned comment added by JoyGem (talk • contribs) 10:09, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

 * I suspect, based on your question, that you found one of our over 5.9 million articles and thought we were affiliated in some way with that subject. Please note that you are at Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia that anyone can edit, and this page is for asking questions related to using or contributing to Wikipedia itself. Thus, we have no special knowledge about the subject of your question. You can, however, search our vast catalogue of articles by typing a subject into the search field on the upper right side of your screen. If you cannot find what you are looking for, we have a reference desk, divided into various subject areas, where asking knowledge questions is welcome. Best of luck. --David Biddulph (talk) 10:12, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

Correct the details about "Pasi" (cast) of India
Please remove the word "Untouchable" From the Article Pasi (caste) from your wikipedia. Please use Marshal cast instead.

You are requested to please update the article with correct word. We have tried many times but some time they correct the description but again some editor undo the changes.

Indian editors are very much cast biased. They are very rude and less knowing the socity.

Pasi cast is not Untouchable. Pasi is the warrior class in Indian cast System. As name suggest "Pasi" Means "Sword holder" in the palm.

"Pasi" name is derived from Sanskrit Language as below--

पासी = प + असि

प =  पंजा = Palm

असि = तलवार = Sword

Your are requested to please update the correct word as warrior class / Marshal cast.

In India "Pasi" cast people can be fall pray under the castieat people of other states of India. Because every people search the cast of the people on Wikipedia page in India.

You are requested to please Correct the information or delete the article.

Being a Pasi cast person I am very much disturbed about the article.

You can earn more information from website www.pasi.in — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rrshesh (talk • contribs) 10:48, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Starting by the end, we will not edit an article or delete it just because it inconveniences someone. For instance, our article about the Muslim prophet Muhammad contains representations of him even though many Sunnis consider those to be sacrilege.
 * We would be happy to include the etymology you give, but we will need you to give a reliable source for that. Your personal knowledge of Sanskrit is not enough, because information on Wikipedia must be verifiable by readers, hence linked to a reference.
 * For the same reason, I would have removed the assertion that the Pasi were one of the untouchable communities if it was not followed by two references: Pandey, Gyan (1988), Peasant Revolt and Indian Nationalism: The Peasant Movement in Awadh, 1919-1922 and Rawat, Ramnarayan S. (2011). Reconsidering Untouchability: Chamars and Dalit History in North India. I have not read those, but at a first glance those look like reliable scholarly sources.
 * I note that you have posted to the talk page of the article. The issue was already debated in 2015 as can be seen in this talk page archive, and you are unlikely to get much attention if you do not provide reliable sources contradicting what the scholarly literature says. Tigraan Click here to contact me 12:02, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Fanciful etymologies rarely surprise me, but – How do you work out असि = तलवार (asi = talavāra)?? —Tamfang (talk) 01:02, 19 September 2019 (UTC)

I need help with the glitch alphabetize
I want to create an account and to edit impose, but if you try to correct it with a new system that only gives me an error message as soon as they hit the save button reading, as you edit could not be processed due to the loss of data session. "Because of my name" Al175an "mean, but he is not eating prior to logging on to one, indeed, can not, what do I talk? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:40, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Also asked (and we're attempting to understand them) at the Teahouse. No need for a reply here. see here Nick Moyes (talk) 13:31, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

edit
As is now trying to create, and the other called "Al175an 2". But this does not seem to assist the error is still time to try to make reviews! Please help fast, I do not know what to do. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:48, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * dRelated to previous post above. Also asked (and we're attempting to understand them) at the Teahouse. No need for a reply here. see here Nick Moyes (talk) 13:34, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

Not-for-profit association page
I'm part of an education and communication committee for a not-for-profit association. We are interested in starting a page to briefly describe what our organization does but from my reading on Wikipedia, I cannot upload any information due to my conflict of interest. Would it be possible to upload information if it is independently referenced? Do you have any other suggestions Please advise. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ManitobaBreakfast (talk • contribs) 14:17, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * My advice would be to read An article about yourself isn't necessarily a good thing first. For many people that'll be enough reason not to want an article. Poveglia (talk) 14:32, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Please read the guidelines for what topics should have articles. Has your organization been written about extensively by independent sources? If not, then it is not subtitle for a Wikipedia article. On the other hand, if there are suitable sources available, please let us know. If you go to Requested articles and post a short (1-2 sentence) description of the article topic and several sources (minimum 3-5), someone may come along and write the article. However, Requested articles tends to be backlogged and volunteers write about what interests them so there is no guarantee someone will pick it up. But it's a start. ~  ONUnicorn (Talk|Contribs) problem solving 14:36, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

wikichecker
Because of my private sphare and my right on Wp:Anon, I don't want to be registered here. Please create a possibility for an opt out. --Belladonna* (talk) 17:31, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Wikichecker is a side project unrelated to the help desk. You can share your concerns about being included via email at: wikichecker.com [at] gmail [dot] com. TimTempleton (talk)  (cont)  17:46, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * perhaps it is possible to tell me, if such an opt-out is possible? I feel seriously threatened in my private security.--Belladonna* (talk) 17:58, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I agree that there is an obvious security risk if this time analysis is publicly available. It would be useful to have an opt-out.   Dbfirs  18:31, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Wikichecker is an independent website unaffiliated with Wikipedia or the Wikimedia Foundation. This is from that website: "The data upon which this site's contents are based is publicly available on wikipedia. The author of this site has no affiliation with wikipedia or other wikimedia projects."

 * When you edit Wikipedia, you agree that all of your edits will be logged forever for attribution purposes, and that this data will be available to the public. Cullen328   Let's discuss it  18:44, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

 * The time analysis seems similar to the one at xtools, linked at the bottom of every "Contributions" page, or am I missing something? Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 19:38, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

 * You are correct, it's just a bit more detailed and goes back further. Are we being over-sensitive?  Do many burglars read Wikipedia?   Dbfirs  19:46, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Anyone who looks at Wikichecker's report on me will be able to deduce quite a lot about me. I don't care at all; but I understand that many others will care. It's unfortunate, but I don't know what is best done about it. Maproom (talk) 20:01, 18 September 2019 (UTC)     P.S. I suggest to  that they change the link at the top of this section, if they'd prefer people not to look at the findings about them. Point it at mine if you like; as I said, I don't care.

Would this bot violate copyright?
Let's say that there was a Wikibot that reviewed reliable sources for a given topic, and based on those sources, used Markov chains to autogenerate a full article for that topic. It would only process a request if there were sufficient reliable sources to create generally unique Markov chains. Would this violate any copyright? May His Shadow Fall Upon You    Talk  18:14, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * If you or anyone could make such a bot, I'd say just make it. Our role could then be just to weed through the bot's work and eliminate that which is a copyright violation or any other problems with the bot's work. I'm probably not addressing your question but I just thought I'd mention that. Bus stop (talk) 18:19, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * This is a unique application of stochastic modeling. There's a little info about a text generating application in the Markov chain section, under the Markov text generators section. But we're far away from this being encyclopedia quality - checking for copyright violations would be the easy part - that's already done now. TimTempleton (talk) (cont)  18:56, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Awesome. I think it's doable with enough elbow grease. Perhaps the rest of the encyclopedia could be filled out this way. May His Shadow Fall Upon You     Talk  19:52, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Article content question
Yes I was reading  the  white pride artical  or definition and it is  flawed and a none factual  definition  that was based of  hear say and speculation  in  anti-semetic  texts  against white people  based of a broad brush  discription  of  a stereo type the fact is  you can be white and proud about it with out being a bigot  the racist word  is  a fake word. bigot is the proper term and word. for one the Blackpanther  party and new Blackpanther party are bigoted or racist groups  and yell black power  black pride  all the time  and  the  openly talk about killing white people. so that term  should be listed as a bigoted term as well. so should hispanic pride since I have in person heard Hispanic men call Black americans  of color names  and vise versa. with Black Americans towards whites hispanics and Asians  and asians about  whites Blacks hispanics and Gay pride is racist against heterosexuals  and can be catogorized as  hetarophobia or caucahetarophobia  < the hatred  of  straight men and women  in sexual orientation and  hatred against white  heterosexual men and women. could you please correct  the contributors  post. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:27, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I added a header to this question. Please post your suggestions to the article's talk page for discussion.  RudolfRed (talk) 19:37, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
 * But first read the "Frequently asked questions (FAQ)" box at Talk:White pride. PrimeHunter (talk) 00:45, 19 September 2019 (UTC)

The new logo for Fundbox
Hello,

I'm trying to upload the new Fundbox logo without any success. Here is the URL of the page -> Fundbox Would you mind assisting me with it?

BR, Dima — Preceding unsigned comment added by Forforeach (talk • contribs) 21:18, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Is the new logo just the word Fundbox, partially underlined in blue chalk? This is probably too simple to be copyright, so please see WP:Logos.  If you have a copy of the image, you upload it direct to Wikipedia (not Commons) with the appropriate restriction on usage. See WP:Upload.  Dbfirs  00:21, 19 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Specifically, is it https://fundbox.com/web_static/img/front/og-1200x630.png? As a new user you cannot upload files directly to Wikipedia but we can upload a smaller cropped version for you. PrimeHunter (talk) 00:58, 19 September 2019 (UTC)

Confused
Even though I own my own internet company....I am finding it hard to find my information now on your site.....My name is Freddy Fuller, and I am very well known for my boxing skills all over the world.....and USED to have great content on your site under Freddie Fuller, Frederick Fuller, Freddy Stephen Fuller, F Fuller, F. S Fuller and even a few more....BUT now I cannot seem to find any of them. What am I doing wrong all of a sudden. Please help me if you can as I used this information all over the world and was very proud of this information and how it was presented on Wikipedia.

Also...is Wiki the same site as Wikipedia...as it used to be there as well.

ANY help would be greatly appreciated Thanks God Bless Freddy

[redacted]

[redacted] — Preceding unsigned comment added by Frederick S Fuller (talk • contribs) 23:38, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

 * We have an article Freddy Stephen Fuller to which you have contributed. Your own sandbox contains some of your opinions.  Other alternative forms of your name are (correctly) redirects to Freddy Stephen Fuller.  There are lots of Wikis on the internet, but only one genuine Wikipedia.  If you think that our article is not accurate, then please suggest improvements at Talk:Freddy Stephen Fuller.  You should not edit the article directly because of your WP:Conflict of interest.  We have no connection with, nor any authority over other Wikis on the internet.    Dbfirs  00:05, 19 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Special:Contributions/Frederick S Fuller shows you created articles called Freddy Fuller, Fuller Freddie and Fred (BC Boxer). They were all redirected to Freddy Stephen Fuller. We don't make separate articles with other forms of a name. As an administrator I can see you also created Frederick (Fuller) which was deleted. Click the "View history" tab at top of Freddy Stephen Fuller to see the page history. A lot of unsourced and too promotional content was removed in 2014. It should satisfy Biographies of living persons, Neutral point of view and other Wikipedia policies. You have a Conflict of interest and should not edit the article directly. A wiki is a type of website. Wikipedia is the best known wiki but there are thousands of others. Some people use "Wiki" as a name for Wikipedia but it's misleading and we don't like it. We even have a page about it: Don't abbreviate "Wikipedia" as "Wiki"! PrimeHunter (talk) 00:32, 19 September 2019 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Bjanka Murgel

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 one external links on Bjanka Murgel. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20111002074259/http://www.sybillesasse.com/Bjanka_Murgel_eng_689.html to http://www.sybillesasse.com/Bjanka_Murgel_eng_689.html
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20111002074259/http://www.sybillesasse.com/Bjanka_Murgel_eng_689.html to http://www.sybillesasse.com/Bjanka_Murgel_eng_689.html
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20111002074354/http://www.sybillesasse.com/pdf/689_eng.pdf to http://www.sybillesasse.com/pdf/689_eng.pdf

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 20:02, 26 May 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bjanka Murgel


text:
LPI Linux Certification

This book covers the Linux Professional Institute™ family of certifications. There are three levels of LPI™ certification:

 * Level 1: Junior Level Linux Professional.
 * Level 2: Advanced Level Linux Professional.
 * Level 3: Senior Level Linux Professional.

To obtain a certification, a candidate is required to pass exams and, for Level 2 and Level 3, to hold a lower-level certification from the LPI™. All LPIC candidates are encouraged to browse the documentation at the LPI™ website. The resources there will familiarize the candidate with many things that are outside the scope of this book (e.g. exam cost, testing centers, other training resources) you are also encouraged to register with the LPI™ so that you can access the candidate area. The Detailed Objectives listed within each of the modules in this book have been reproduced from the LPI™ website with kind Permission. We are however, to make it clear that the Linux Professional Institute™ does not endorse the work contained within this book in any way whatsoever.

Audience

This book is written specifically for the LPIC candidate. It is based, as indeed is the exam, around a community driven documentation project known as "The Linux Documentation Project". Each module in the book, however, is organized around a particular subject. It is hence feasible for the casual reader to pick one particular module and study its material with a view to gain a better understanding of just that material. However, many of the modules - and in particular the Advanced modules - will assume a certain skill level. It is also feasible for a new Linux user to come here with a view to learn Linux. However, although such readers are very welcome, they may be better served by studying the following material, Linux Guide. The modules on the LPI Linux certification are heavily slanted toward up-and-coming sysadmins.

About this book
This book is organized so that each and every module can be accessed via the front page. This will be useful for readers who just wish to study or quickly gain information about one aspect of the exam syllabus. For exam candidates we have created an exam page which also has a table of contents that covers only the modules required for you to study for the various levels of the LPI™. It is the hope of the contributors that the exam candidates will use the exam pages and their accompanying discussion pages to leave advice, tips and gotchas etc. for other exam candidates. The Module pages will contain detailed objectives followed by an overview which in turn will be followed by section headings covering the module's syllabus. At the beginning of each section will be a list of prerequisite reading (hopefully all nicely formatted). It is advisable to read them, although the linked articles may not be required knowledge to pass the exam. However, they should relate to the individual sections they are contained within.

Version
To keep Your Linux knowledge up to date and the LPI Certification relevant, the LPI regularly updates its syllabus. As of 2021-02-19, the latest Version of LPIC-1 is Version 5.0 with Exams 101-500 and 102-500. The most recent version of LPIC-2 is Version 4.5 with the Exams 201-450 and 202-450. '''Lastly, we are obviously looking for Authors, We encourage all positive edits even if it is just to correct a simple spelling mistake or fix a link; in short, "Every addition is very welcome." '''

Topic 101: System Architecture

 * Determine and configure hardware settings (101.1)
 * Boot the system (101.2)
 * Change runlevels / boot targets and shutdown or reboot (101.3)

Topic 102: Linux Installation & Package Management

 * Design Hard Disk Layout (102.1)
 * Install A Boot Manager (102.2)
 * Manage Shared Libraries (102.3)
 * Use Debian Package Management (102.4)
 * Use RPM and YUM package management (102.5)
 * Linux as a virtualization guest (102.6)

Topic 103: GNU and UNIX Commands

 * Work On The Command Line (103.1)
 * Process Text Streams Using Filters (103.2)
 * Perform Basic File Management (103.3)
 * Use Streams, Pipes and Redirects (103.4)
 * Create, Monitor and Kill Processes (103.5)
 * Modify Process Execution Priorities (103.6)
 * Search Text Files Using Regular Expressions (103.7)
 * Basic File Editing (103.8)

Topic 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

 * Create Partitions and Filesystems (104.1)
 * Maintaining The Integrity Of Filesystems (104.2)
 * Control Mounting and Unmounting of Filesystems (104.3)
 * Removed (104.4)
 * Manage file permissions and ownership (104.5)
 * Create and Change Hard and Symbolic Links (104.6)
 * Find System Files and Place Files In The Correct Location (104.7)

Topic 105: Shells and Shell Scripting

 * Customise and Use The Shell Environment (105.1)
 * Customise Or Write Simple Shell Scripts (105.2)

Topic 106: User Interfaces and Desktops

 * Install and configure X11 (106.1)
 * Graphical Desktops (106.2)
 * Accessibility (106.3)

Topic 107: Administrative Tasks

 * Manage Users and Group Accounts and Related System Files (107.1)
 * Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs (107.2)
 * Localisation and internationalisation (107.3)

Topic 108: Essential System Services

 * Maintain system time (108.1)
 * System logging (108.2)
 * Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics (108.3)
 * Manage printers and printing (108.4)

Topic 109: Networking Fundamentals

 * Fundamentals of internet protocols (109.1)
 * Persistent network configuration (109.2)
 * Basic network troubleshooting (109.3)
 * Configure client side DNS (109.4)

Topic 110: Security

 * Perform security administration tasks (110.1)
 * Setup host security (110.2)
 * Securing data with encryption (110.3)

Obsolete Links
 Hardware & Architecture  (Obsolete!)
 * Configure Fundamental BIOS Settings
 * Configure Modem & Sound Cards
 * Setup Non IDE Devices
 * Setup Different PC Expansion Cards
 * Configure Communication Devices
 * Configure USB Devices

The X Window System
 * Setup A Display Manager

Kernel
 * Kernel Runtime Management & Query

Security
 * Perform Security Administration Tasks

Capacity Planning (200)

 * Measure and Troubleshoot Resource Usage (200.1)
 * Predict Future Resource Needs (200.2)

Linux Kernel (201)

 * Kernel Components (201.1)
 * Compiling A Kernel (201.2)
 * Kernel runtime management and troubleshooting (201.3)
 * Patching A Kernel (201.3) (Obsolete)
 * Customise, build and install a custom kernel and kernel modules (201.4) (Obsolete)
 * Manage/Query kernel and kernel modules at runtime (201.5) (Obsolete)

System Startup (202)

 * Customizing SysV-init startup (202.1)
 * System Recovery (202.2)
 * Alternate Bootloaders (202.3)

Filesystems And Devices (203)

 * Operating The Linux filesystem (203.1)
 * Maintaining A Linux filesystem (203.2)
 * Creating And Configuring filesystem Options (203.3)

Advanced Storage Device Administration (204)

 * Configuring RAID (204.1)
 * Adjusting Storage Device Access (204.2)
 * Logical Volume Manager (204.3)
 * Adding New Hardware (Obsolete!)
 * Software & Kernel Configuration (Obsolete!)
 * Configuring PCMCIA Devices (Obsolete!)

Networking Configuration (205)

 * Basic Networking Configuration (205.1)
 * Advanced Network Configuration & Troubleshooting (205.2)
 * Troubleshooting Network Issues (205.3)

System Maintenance (206)

 * Make And Install Programs From Source (206.1)
 * Backup Operations (206.2)
 * Notify users on system-related issues (206.3)
 * System Logging (Obsolete!)
 * Packaging Software (Obsolete!)

DNS (207)

 * Basic DNS Server Configuration (207.1)
 * Create And Maintain DNS Zones (207.2)
 * Securing A DNS Server (207.3)

Web Services (208)

 * Implementing A Web Server (208.1)
 * Apache configuration for HTTPS (208.2)
 * Implementing A Proxy Server (208.3)
 * Implementing Nginx as a web server and a reverse proxy (208.3)

File Sharing (209)

 * Samba Server Configuration (209.1)
 * NFS Server Configuration (209.2)

Network Client Management (210)

 * DHCP Configuration (210.1)
 * PAM Authentication (210.2)
 * LDAP Client Usage (210.3)
 * Configuring an OpenLDAP server (210.4)
 * NIS Configuration (Obsolete!)

E-Mail Services (211)

 * Using E-Mail Servers (211.1)
 * Managing E-Mail Delivery (211.2)
 * Managing Remote E-Mail Delivery (211.3)
 * Configuring Mailing Lists (Obsolete!)
 * Managing Mail Traffic (Obsolete!)
 * Serving News (Obsolete!)

System Security (212)

 * Configuring A Router (212.1)
 * Securing FTP Servers (212.2)
 * Secure Shell (SSH) (212.3)
 * Security Tasks (212.4)
 * OpenVPN (212.5)

Obsolete!
Troubleshooting (213) (Obsolete!)
 * TCP Wrapper (212.4) (Obsolete!)
 * Identifying Boot Stages And Troubleshooting Bootloaders (213.1) (Obsolete!)
 * General Troubleshooting (213.2) (Obsolete!)
 * Troubleshooting System Resources (213.3) (Obsolete!)
 * Troubleshooting Environment Configurations (213.4) (Obsolete!)
 * Creating Recovery Disks (Obsolete!)
 * Identifying Boot Stages (Obsolete!)
 * Troubleshooting Bootloaders (Obsolete!)

title: LPI Linux Certification


text:
Category:Moravian-Silesian Football League players

This category is for footballers who have appeared in at least one first-team league game in the Moravian-Silesian Football League, which commenced play in 1991.