text:
Titus Brandsma

Titus Brandsma, OCarm (born Anno Sjoerd Brandsma; 23 February 188126 July 1942) was a Dutch Carmelite friar, Catholic priest and professor of philosophy. Brandsma was vehemently opposed to Nazi ideology and spoke out against it many times before the Second World War. He was imprisoned at the Dachau concentration camp, where he was murdered. He was beatified by the Catholic Church in November 1985 as a martyr of the faith and canonized as a saint on 15 May 2022 by Pope Francis.

Early life

Brandsma was born Anno Sjoerd Brandsma to Titus Brandsma (died 1920) and his wife Tjitsje Postma (died 1933) at Oegeklooster, near Hartwerd, in the Province of Friesland in 1881. His parents, who ran a small dairy farm, were devout and committed Catholics, a minority in a predominantly Calvinist region. With the exception of one daughter, all of their children (three daughters and two sons) entered religious orders.

From the age of 11, Brandsma pursued his secondary studies in the town of Megen, at a Franciscan run minor seminary for boys considering a priestly or religious vocation.

Carmelite friar
Brandsma entered the novitiate of the Carmelite friars in Boxmeer on 17 September 1898, where he took the religious name "Titus" (in honour of his father) by which he is now known. He professed his first vows in October 1899.

Ordained a priest in 1905, Brandsma was knowledgeable in Carmelite mysticism and was awarded a doctorate of philosophy from Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome in 1909. From 1909 to 1923 he lived in Oss and worked as a writer and teacher. From 1916 on, he initiated and led a project to translate the works of Teresa of Ávila into Dutch. In 1919 he founded and for two years acted as head of a secondary school in Oss—the present day Titus Brandsma Lyceum.

In 1921, Brandsma worked to resolve a controversy concerning Belgian artist Albert Servaes' depiction of the Stations of the Cross. From this came his series of meditations on each of the 14 stations.

One of the founders of the Catholic University of Nijmegen (now Radboud University), Brandsma became a professor of philosophy and the history of mysticism at the school in 1923. He later served as rector magnificus (1932–33). He was noted for his constant availability to everyone, rather than for his scholarly work as a professor. Brandsma also worked as a journalist and was the ecclesiastical adviser to Catholic journalists by 1935. He stayed at the friary of Our Lady of Mount Carmel Kinsale, where he practiced English. That same year he traveled for a lecture tour of the United States and Canada, speaking at various institutions of his order. On the occasion of his visit to a Carmelite seminary in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Brandsma wrote of the falls that "I not only see the riches of the nature of the water, its immeasurable potentiality; I see God working in the work of his hands and the manifestation of his love."

Imprisonment and death
After the invasion of the Netherlands by the Third Reich in May 1940, Brandsma's long-term fight against the spread of Nazi ideology and for educational and press freedom brought him to the attention of the Nazis.

In January 1942 he undertook to deliver by hand a letter from the Conference of Dutch Bishops to the editors of Catholic newspapers in which the bishops ordered them not to print official Nazi documents, as was required under a new law by the German occupiers. He had visited fourteen editors before being arrested on 19 January at the Boxmeer monastery.

After being held prisoner in Scheveningen, Amersfoort, and Cleves, Brandsma was transferred to the Dachau concentration camp, arriving there on 19 June. His health quickly gave way, and he was transferred to the camp hospital. He died on 26 July 1942, from a lethal injection administered by a nurse of the Allgemeine SS, as part of their program of medical experimentation on the prisoners.

Veneration and canonization
Brandsma is honoured as a martyr within the Catholic Church. He was beatified in November 1985 by Pope John Paul II. His feast day is observed within the Carmelite order on 27 July.

On 25 November 2021, Pope Francis recognized a miracle attributed to the intercession of Brandsma, who "was killed in hatred of the faith", and authorized the Congregation for the Causes of Saints to advance Brandsma's cause for sainthood.

On 4 March 2022, a papal consistory opened the way for his canonization and set the date of the canonization ceremony to 15 May 2022, together with Charles de Foucauld and eight others.

On Sunday, 15 May 2022, in front of more than 50,000 people from around the world, Pope Francis canonized Brandsma and nine other saints at a Mass in St. Peter's Square at the Vatican in Rome.

"It is good to see that, through their evangelical witness, these Saints have fostered the spiritual and social growth of their respective nations and also of the entire human family", the pope said during the Mass.

Legacy
In 2005, Brandsma was chosen by the inhabitants of Nijmegen as the greatest citizen to have lived there. A memorial church dedicated to him now stands in the city.

Brandsma's studies on mysticism was the basis for the establishment in 1968 of the Titus Brandsma Institute in Nijmegen, dedicated to the study of spirituality. It is a collaboration between the Dutch Carmelite friars and Radboud University Nijmegen.

In his biography of Brandsma, The Man behind the Myth, Dutch journalist Ton Crijnen claims that Brandsma's character consisted of some vanity, a short temper, extreme energy, political innocence, true charity, unpretentious piety, thorough decisiveness, and great personal courage. His ideas were very much those of his own age and modern as well. He offset contemporary Catholicism's negative theological opinion about Judaism with a strong disaffection for any kind of antisemitism in Hitler's Germany.

Brandsma was honoured by the city of Dachau with a street adjoining the former camp, albeit one of the narrowest streets in the town.

Brandsma participated in the international Esperanto movement and is considered a patron saint by the International Union of Catholic Esperantists.

title: Titus Brandsma


text:
1st Anti-Aircraft Group (United Kingdom)

1st Anti-Aircraft Group (1 AA Group) was a formation created by the British Army's Anti-Aircraft Command in 1942 to control anti-aircraft (AA) units defending London against Luftwaffe attacks during World War II. It continued this role into the Cold War until disbandment in 1955.

World War II
1 AA Group was formed on 1 October 1942 when Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick 'Tim' Pile, Commander-in-Chief of Anti-Aircraft Command (AA Command), scrapped its previous conventional structure of Corps and Divisions. Each of the new AA Groups was commanded by a major-general and controlled a number of AA Brigades and support units. The new group boundaries were aligned with the Fighter Groups of the Royal Air Force (RAF). (It was jokingly observed that a reorganisation that eliminated eight general officers was the best contribution to the war effort at the time!)

1 AA Group's area of responsibility covered the London Inner Artillery Zone (IAZ) formerly controlled by 1 AA Division, and later included the 'Thames North' and 'Thames South' defences either side of the Thames Estuary from the former 6 AA Division. This tightly defined area was almost surrounded by 2 AA Group covering South East England, and together the two groups mirrored No. 11 Group RAF.

The first General Officer Commanding (GOC) of 1 AA Group was Maj-Gen Erroll Tremlett, who had previously commanded 10 AA Division. A former first-class cricketer, Tremlett had distinguished himself earlier in the war when he commanded 54th (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery defending the mole during the Dunkirk evacuation.

Order of Battle 1943–44
When they were first established there was much interchange of the units allocated to 1 and 2 AA Groups, but from early 1943 1 AA Group had the following order of battle (temporary attachments omitted):
 * 26 (London) AA Brigade
 * 111 Heavy AA (HAA) Regiment, Royal Artillery (RA) – to 21st Army Group by August 1943
 * 132 (Mixed) HAA Regiment, RA – to 2 AA Gp July 1944
 * 137 (Mixed) HAA Regiment, RA
 * 156 (Mixed) HAA Regiment, RA
 * 48 AA Brigade
 * 117 HAA Regiment, RA – from Orkney and Shetland Defences (OSDEF) October 1943; to 2 AA Gp May 1944
 * 141 (Mixed) HAA Regiment, RA – to 7 AA Gp December 1943
 * 155 (Mixed) HAA Regiment, RA
 * 160 (Mixed) HAA Regiment, RA – from 2 AA Gp by March 1944
 * 163 (Mixed) HAA Regiment, RA
 * 164 (Mixed) HAA Regiment, RA – left October 1943
 * 49 AA Brigade
 * 141 Light AA (LAA) Regiment, RA – to Gibraltar August 1943
 * 26 (London Electrical Engineers) (Mixed) Searchlight (S/L) Regiment, RA
 * 80 S/L Regiment, RA – from 4 AA Gp by April 1944
 * 1 (Mixed) AA 'Z' Regiment, RA
 * 6 AA 'Z' Regiment, RA – to 37 AA Bde August 1943
 * 14 AA 'Z' Regiment, RA – to 4 AA Gp April 1943
 * 19 (Mixed) AA 'Z' Regiment, RA
 * 301 Gun Operations Room (GOR), Stanmore
 * 601 GOR, Brompton Road
 * 1 AA Group School, Chelmsford
 * 1 AA Group (Mixed) Practice Camp
 * 1 AA Group Mixed Signal Unit, Royal Corps of Signals (RCS), Uxbridge
 * 1 Mixed Signal Company
 * 1 AA Command Mixed Signal Office Section (under AA Command)
 * 1 AA Group Mixed Signal Office Section
 * 26 AA Bde Mixed Signal Office Section
 * 48 AA Bde Mixed Signal Office Section
 * 49 AA Bde Mixed Signal Office Section
 * 4 AA Line Maintenance Section
 * 2 Mixed Signal Company
 * 301 GOR Mixed Signal Section
 * 601 GOR Mixed Signal Section
 * 5 AA Line Maintenance Section
 * HQ 1 AA Group Royal Army Service Corps (RASC)
 * 900, 902, 907 AA (M) Transport Companies
 * 919, 921 AA (M) Transport Companies – joined November 1943
 * 1 AA Group Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) Company
 * 1 AA Group Royal Army Ordnance Corps (RAOC)
 * 10 AA Workshop Battalion, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME)
 * 1, 6 AA Workshop Companies
 * 1 AA Group Radio Maintenance Company – later divided into 101 and 102 Radio Maintenance Detachments; joined by 105 Detachment June 1944

'Mixed' indicates that women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) were integrated into the unit. HAA regiments were equipped with 3.7-inch guns, LAA regiments with Bofors 40 mm guns, 'Z' Regiments with Z Battery rocket projectors, and S/L regiments with a variety of searchlights and Light machine guns.

By August 1943 the Group had taken over control of two further AA brigades, with the associated signal units:
 * 28 (Thames & Medway) AA Bde – 'Thames South'
 * 148 (M) HAA Regiment
 * 159 (M) HAA Regiment – to 4 AA Gp October 1943
 * 169 (M) HAA Regiment – from 4 AA Gp October 1943
 * 132 LAA Regiment
 * 12 (M) AA 'Z' Regiment – disbanded November 1943
 * 328 GOR, Fort Luton
 * 37 AA Bde – 'Thames North'
 * 121 HAA Regiment – to 21st Army Group by September 1943
 * 136 HAA Regiment – to 2 AA Gp August 1943
 * 167 (M) HAA Regiment – to 4 AA Gp by September 1943; returned May 1944
 * 184 (M) HAA Regiment – new unit joined by September 1943
 * 137 LAA Regiment – from 3 AA Gp December 1943
 * 6 AA 'Z' Regiment – from 49 AA Bde August 1943; to 26 AA Bde August 1944
 * 329 GOR, Vange
 * 3 Mixed Signal Co
 * 28 AA Bde Mixed Signal Office Section
 * 328 GOR Mixed Signal Section
 * 37 AA Bde Mixed Signal Office Section
 * 329 GOR Mixed Signal Section
 * 15 AA Line Maintenance Section

Z Regiments were termed 'AA Area Mixed Regiments' from April 1944, by which time they were largely operated by ATS and Home Guard personnel.

Baby Blitz
The Luftwaffe carried out few bombing raids on London during 1943, preferring to concentrate on 'hit and run' attacks by Fighter-bombers against coastal targets. However, in January 1944 it resumed night raids on London, which became known as the 'Baby Blitz'. These raids employed new faster bombers with sophisticated 'pathfinder' techniques and radar jamming. For example, on the night of 21 January 200 hostile aircraft were plotted approaching the South Coast in two waves, which intermingled with returning aircraft of RAF Bomber Command. This caused problems of identification and restrictions on fire, but the guns of 2 AA Group and then 1 AA Group engaged as the raiders approached London. Only one-fifth of the raiders reached the city, the remainder turning away to bomb open country. AA guns brought down eight aircraft and RAF Night fighters with S/L assistance also had successes. At the end of January London Docks received a 130-strong raid dropping flares and incendiaries as they had in the London Blitz of 1940–41: about one-third reached their target and five were shot down. February began with a 75-strong raid, of which only 12 reached the IAZ and four were shot down. On 13 February only six out of 115 bombers reached London. The climax came with five raids in the week 18–25 February varying from 100 to 140 in strength. These met intense AA fire from the Thames Estuary onwards and fewer than half made it to central London: the AA score was 13 shot down while the night fighters and S/Ls added 15, with another shared. Facing these casualty rates, the Luftwaffe switched to targets away from London until 24 March, when a 100-strong raid on London lost four aircraft, and finally on 18 April a raid of 125 aircraft lost 14 shot down and only 30 reached the IAZ. Although much damage was caused in London, the rising efficiency of the HAA guns and radar made the enemy's losses unsustainable.

By February 1944, 1 AA Gp was responsible for the AA Operations Room at Brompton Road and the following GORs: together with a number of ordnance depots and miscellaneous establishments, including the AA Command Staff Duties School, Research Workshops and Camouflage Experimental Section, and 37 Radio Installation Detachment. In May 1944 the group was joined by 99 Group, Pioneer Corps, with 801, 809, 814, 817, 818, 841 and 844 semi-mobile smoke companies (in August 801 and 841 Companies were replaced by 4 Company, Non-Combatant Corps).
 * 301 Stanmore
 * 320 Hastings
 * 329 Vange
 * 330 Chelmsford

Operation Diver
AA Command had been steadily losing men and units to the build-up of 21st Army Group for the planned Allied invasion of Europe (Operation Overlord). In April 1944, while the Baby Blitz was still under way, it was ordered to deploy much of its strength to defend the Overlord concentration areas and embarkation ports. In addition, it was preparing for the anticipated arrival of V-1 flying bombs, codenamed 'Divers'. In the event, the first of these did not arrive over England until a week after the D Day landings had begun, and AA units were able to redeploy from their Overlord sites to begin Operation Diver. However, early results of AA fire by 1 and 2 AA Groups against the small, fast, low-flying missiles were disappointing. Even shooting down those that reached the IAZ caused significant damage, so a ban was imposed on fire in this area. At the end of June Pile ordered a change in AA Command's tactics: instead of deploying mobile 3.7-inch guns in the Diver Belt, the most up-to-date power-controlled static guns, radars and predictors would be used, which involved a massive redeployment of guns uprooted from all over Britain and emplaced on temporary 'Pile Platforms'. The task was made bigger by the decision to move the Diver Belts to the coast itself, giving the guns a free fire zone out to sea. On 16 July 1 AA Group was ordered to form a 'Diver Box' of gun defences across the Thames Estuary, forward of a line from Chelmsford in Essex to Chatham, Kent. The removal of so many guns, and the silencing of those remaining in the IAZ, led Londoners to believe that the city was being defended by the RAF alone. As 21st Army Group began to overrun the V-1 launching sites in Northern France, the Luftwaffe turned to launching the missiles from aircraft over the North Sea, and 1 AA Group's Diver Box was heavily engaged. It was equipped with 136 Mark IIC 3.7-inch guns with No 10 Predictors and SCR-584 radar (some manned by three US Army AA Artillery battalions), 210 Bofors guns, and two Z Batteries of mobile nine-rocket launchers manned by a converted S/L regiment. The HAA guns began using the proximity VT fuze with great success. A number of the guns were mounted on the Maunsell Forts in the Thames Estuary. In addition there were 400 20mm guns provided by the RAF Regiment and the Royal Navy. To control these guns the Box was divided into four sectors under 37, 49, 56 and 68 AA Brigades. Success rates for AA Command began to rise during this second Diver deployment: from a 9 per cent success rate in July, the average rose to over 50 per cent. On one day 68 missiles were destroyed out of 96 plotted. The weekly total of missiles reaching London fell from a peak of 362 in July to 100, then down to 10 in September. A further redeployment of guns from the South Coast through London to the East Coast was ordered on 21 September. 3 AA Group HQ was brought from Bristol to take over command of the London IAZ, and a new 9 AA Group took over East Anglia, leaving 1 AA Group to concentrate on the Diver Box and the Thames/Medway and Dover defences (though this was still a massive command temporarily controlling 10 AA brigades). The second phase of V-1 attacks ended in mid-January 1945. AA Command's success rate in this phase was impressive: out of a total of 492 V-1 targets, 320 were shot down, and only 13 reached London.

Order of Battle late 1944
From mid-October 1944, 1 AA Group had the following order of battle: * 5 AA Bde
 * 1 HAA regiment; 3 LAA regiments
 * 26 AA Bde
 * 4 HAA regiments; 1 AA area mixed regiment
 * 28 AA Bde
 * 2 HAA regiments; 2 LAA regiments
 * 37 AA Brigade
 * 4 HAA regiments; 3 LAA regiments
 * 40 AA Bde
 * 4 HAA regiments; 2 LAA regiments
 * 48 AA Brigade
 * 2 HAA regiments
 * 49 AA Brigade
 * 2 S/L regiments; 2 AA area mixed regiments
 * 56 AA Brigade
 * 6 S/L regiments
 * 57 AA Brigade
 * 2 HAA regiments; 3 LAA regiments
 * 102 AA Brigade
 * 1 HAA regiment; 4 LAA regiments

In October 1944, 1 AA Group's HQ establishment comprised 49 officers, 27 male other ranks, and 105 ATS personnel. Maj-Gen Tremlett was replaced by Maj-Gen Roger Reynolds on 1 November 1944.

Order of Battle 1945
From mid-December, when the worst of the V-1 threat to London had receded and AA Command was being forced to supply manpower to 21st Army Group fighting in NW Europe, 1 AA Group had the following reduced order of battle:
 * 26 AA Bde
 * 119 HAA Regiment – from 9 AA Gp March 1945
 * 135 (M) HAA Regiment – from 6 AA Gp by February 1945
 * 153 (M) HAA Regiment
 * 156 (M) HAA Regiment
 * 157 (M) HAA Regiment – to 9 AA Gp by February 1945
 * 162 (M) HAA Regiment
 * 163 (M) HAA Regiment – to 48 AA Bde December 1944
 * 171 (M) HAA Regiment – to 48 AA Bde December 1944
 * 6 AA Area Mixed Regiment
 * 48 AA Bde
 * 130 (M) HAA Regiment
 * 160 (M) HAA Regiment
 * 49 AA Bde
 * 26 (LEE) (M) S/L Regiment
 * 64 (Essex Regiment) S/L Regiment – converted into 639 Infantry Regiment, RA, for 21st Army Group January 1945
 * 93 (M) S/L Regiment – from 2 AA Gp by February 1945
 * 1 AA Area Mixed Regiment – to 26 AA Bde by February 1945
 * 19 AA Area Mixed Regiment – to 26 AA Bde by February 1945
 * 601 GOR
 * 1 AA Group HAA Training Centre – formed April 1945
 * 5 Area AA Maintenance Regiment – formed April 1945
 * HQ 1 AA Group (M) Signal Unit
 * 1 & 2 (M) Signal Cos
 * HQ 1 AA Group RASC
 * 195, 900, 902 AA (M) Transport Cos
 * 1 AA Group RAMC Co
 * 1 AA Group RAOC
 * HQ 10 AA Workshop Bn, REME
 * 1, 3, 15 AA Workshop Cos
 * 37 'R' Installation Det
 * 101, 105 Radio Maintenance Dets
 * AA Command Research Workshop
 * AA Command Physical Training Pool
 * AA Command Staff Duties School
 * AA Command School of Technical Instruction

The Home Guard was stood down in December 1944 and most of the Z Batteries were disbanded; the AA area regiments were disbanded in April 1945, becoming area maintenance units. After VE Day, 1 AA Group reverted to almost its original organisation, with 26, 28, 37 and 28 AA Bdes under command. As demobilisation progressed, some of the war-formed regiments were replaced by Regular Army units returned from overseas deployments.

Cold War
1 AA Group was commanded in 1946–47 by Maj-Gen William Revell-Smith, who had been Major-General AA of 21st Army Group during the campaign in North West Europe.

When the Regular Army and Territorial Army (TA) were reorganised for postwar needs in 1947, 1 AA Group was given responsibility for London, the Thames and Medway, Harwich and Dover.

Order of Battle 1947
The 10 Year Plan for AA defence drawn up in 1947 laid down the following order of battle for 1 AA Group:
 * 1 AA Brigade, Edenbridge, Kent (Regular)
 * 30 LAA Regiment – converted to HAA September 1948; to British Army of the Rhine March 1951
 * 90 LAA Regiment – disbanded September 1948
 * 95 HAA Regiment – became 65 HAA Regiment September 1948
 * 1 & 9 Fire Control (FC) Troops
 * 6 AA Brigade, Brentwood, Essex (Regular)
 * 57 HAA Regiment
 * 100 HAA Regiment – disbanded September 1948
 * 107 HAA Regiment – disbanded July 1947
 * 30 FC Trp
 * 7 AA Brigade, Orsett (Regular)
 * 85 LAA Regiment – disbanded September 1948
 * 89 HAA Regiment – disbanded July 1948
 * 99 HAA Regiment – disbanded October 1948
 * 8 FC Trp
 * 11 AA Brigade, Shoeburyness (Regular)
 * 63 HAA Regiment
 * 75 HAA Regiment
 * 98 HAA Regiment – disbanded August 1948
 * 6 & 7 FC Trps
 * 15 AA Brigade, Woolwich (Regular)
 * 101 (M) HAA Regiment – disbanded June 1948
 * 102 HAA Regiment – disbanded October 1948
 * 103 HAA Regiment – disbanded September 1948
 * 52 (London) AA Brigade, Chingford (TA)
 * 459 (Essex Regiment) (M) HAA Regiment, Walthamstow
 * 512 (Finsbury Rifles) LAA Regiment, Pentonville
 * 568 (St Pancras) S/L Regiment, St Pancras, London
 * 52 FC Trp
 * 53 (Home Counties) AA Brigade, Dover (TA)
 * 259 (Home Counties) (Cinque Ports) (Mobile) HAA Regiment, Shorncliffe
 * 489 (Cinque Ports) (Mobile) HAA Regiment, Ramsgate
 * 516 (Kent) LAA Regiment, Sittingbourne
 * 53 FC Trp
 * 54 (Thames & Medway) AA Brigade, Gillingham, Kent (TA)
 * 455 (Kent) (M) HAA Regiment, Tunbridge Wells
 * 458 (Kent) (M) HAA Regiment, Sidcup
 * 564 (Kent) LAA/SL Regiment, Gillingham
 * 608 (Kent) (M) HAA Regiment, Bexleyheath
 * 54 FC Trp
 * 55 (East Anglian) AA Brigade, Barking, London (TA)
 * 482 (Essex) (M) HAA Regiment, Barking
 * 517 (Essex) LAA Regiment, Dagenham
 * 530 (Essex) LAA Regiment, Colchester
 * 563 (28th Essex) SL Regiment, Whipps Cross
 * 599 (Essex Regiment) (Mobile) HAA Regiment, Chingford
 * 600 (Essex Regiment) (Mobile) HAA Regiment, East Ham
 * 55 FC Trp
 * 63 (North London) AA Brigade, London NW1 (TA)
 * 461 (Middlesex) (Mobile) HAA Regiment, Finchley
 * 484 (Middlesex) (M) HAA Regiment, Willesden
 * 490 (Middlesex) (M) HAA Regiment, Southgate, London
 * 609 (Tottenham) (M) HAA Regiment, Tottenham
 * 63 FC Trp
 * 64 AA Brigade, Clapham (TA)
 * 451 (Chelsea) HAA Regiment, Chelsea, London
 * 497 (Hammersmith) HAA Regiment, Hammersmith
 * 499 (London Welsh) (M) HAA Regiment, Kensington
 * 562 (27th London Electrical Engineers) S/L Regiment, Streatham
 * 570 (First Surrey Rifles) LAA Regiment, Dulwich
 * 64 FC Trp
 * 67 AA Brigade, Shepherds Bush (TA)
 * 452 (London) HAA Regiment, Acton, London
 * 453 (City of London) HAA Regiment, Shepherd's Bush
 * 454 (City of London) HAA Regiment, Putney
 * 488 HAA Regiment, White City, London
 * 607 (Middlesex) S/L Regiment, Twickenham
 * 67 FC Trp
 * 75 AA Brigade, London SE3 (TA)
 * 2 (Honourable Artillery Company) LAA Regiment, Finsbury
 * 460 (City of London) HAA Regiment, Catford
 * 566 (City of London Rifles) LAA Regiment, Sutton, London
 * 567 (7th City of London) S/L Regiment, Shoreditch
 * 569 (The Queen's Own) S/L Regiment, Blackheath, London
 * 75 FC Trp
 * 82 AA Brigade, Heston (TA)
 * 479 (Hertfordshire Yeomanry) HAA Regiment, Barnet
 * 571 (Middlesex) LAA/SL Regiment, Edgware
 * 593 (Harrow) (M) HAA Regiment, Harrow, London
 * 595 (9th Battalion Middlesex Regiment) LAA Regiment, Kingsbury, London
 * 604 (Royal Fusiliers) S/L Regiment, Wembley
 * 610 (Middlesex) LAA Regiment, Cowley, London
 * 82 FC Trp
 * 106 AA Brigade, Kingston upon Thames (TA)
 * 536 (Surrey) LAA Regiment, Chertsey
 * 565 (Surrey) LAA/SL Regiment, Kingston
 * 598 (4th Battalion The Queen's Royal Regiment) LAA Regiment, Croydon
 * 605 (Sussex) (Mobile) HAA Regiment, Brighton
 * 641 (Sussex) HAA Regiment, Worthing
 * 106 FC Trp
 * 11 AA (M) Signal Regiment, RCS, Kensington
 * 1 AA Group (M) Signal Sqn
 * 1 AA Group (North) Transport Column, RASC, White City
 * 902 Company, White City
 * 903 Company, Mile End Road
 * 917 Company – to South Transport Column 1951
 * 919 (AA) (M) Company, Barking
 * 927 Company, Norwich
 * 1932 Company, Stanford-le-Hope
 * 1 AA Group (South) Transport Column, RASC, Wandsworth
 * 900 Company, Wandsworth
 * 901 Company, Richmond upon Thames
 * 921 Company, Plumstead
 * 1933 (Tractor) Company
 * 1 AA Group Ordnance Company, RAOC
 * 6 AA Workshop Battalion, REME

(M) indicates a 'Mixed' unit including members of the Women's Royal Army Corps.

Disbandment
The 1947 plan was never fully implemented, and most of the Regular units assigned to AA Command were disbanded as part of postwar demobilisation. As the Cold War developed, there was a need for new weapons, leading to the rise of Surface-to-air missiles and 'blind fire' radar control, with the consequent decline of HAA guns and searchlights. There was also political pressure for defence budget cuts. In March 1955 AA Command and its groups were disbanded and the remaining AA defence units in the UK came under control of the Home Commands and Districts. 1 AA Group completed its disbandment on 31 October 1955.

External sources

 * British Army units from 1945 on
 * Generals of World War II
 * Graham Watson, The Territorial Army 1947

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Kansas Jayhawks football statistical leaders

The Kansas Jayhawks football statistical leaders are individual statistical leaders of the Kansas Jayhawks football program in various categories, including passing, rushing, receiving, total offense, defensive stats, and kicking. Within those areas, the lists identify single-game, single-season, and career leaders. The Jayhawks represent the University of Kansas in the NCAA Division I FBS Big 12 Conference.

Although Kansas began competing in intercollegiate football in 1890, the school's official record book considers the "modern era" to have begun in 1937. Records from before this year are often incomplete and inconsistent, and they are generally not included in these lists.

These lists are dominated by more recent players for several reasons:
 * Since 1937, seasons have increased from 10 games to 11 and then 12 games in length.
 * The NCAA didn't allow freshmen to play varsity football until 1972 (with the exception of the World War II years).
 * Bowl games only began counting toward single-season and career statistics in 2002. The Jayhawks have played in six bowl games since then, allowing players in those seasons an extra game to accumulate statistics.
 * The Jayhawks eclipsed 5,000 total yards in a season six times since 2002 allowing players from this era to rack up yards and touchdowns and make their way up these lists. Additionally, rule changes have allowed for offenses to be more productive than in the past.
 * Due to COVID-19 issues, the NCAA ruled that the 2020 season would not count against the athletic eligibility of any football player, giving everyone who played in that season the opportunity for five years of eligibility instead of the normal four.

These lists are updated through the end of the 2023 season.

Total offense
Total offense is the sum of passing and rushing statistics. It does not include receiving or returns.

Touchdowns responsible for
"Touchdowns responsible for" is the NCAA's official term for combined passing and rushing touchdowns.

Kicking
The 2023 Kansas Football Media Guide does not list a full top 10 in field goal kicking stats.


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/888casinÃÂÃÂ³.com

Links

 * 888casinÃÂ³.com resolves to [//X X]
 * 888casinÃÂ³.com is hosted on xn--888casin-9a49buqka.com
 * xn--888casin-9a49buqka.com resolves to [//X X]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Users
No users found.

Additions
No additions recorded.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Comité international pour la protection des droits de l'homme

The result was delete. Tone 21:51, 25 August 2020 (UTC)

Comité international pour la protection des droits de l'homme

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Fake organisation. No reliable source. Be careful with cases of homonymy: the acronym of this organization (CIPDH) is identical to that of other institutions such as the UNESCO International Center for the Promotion of Human Rights (Centre international pour la promotion des droits de l'homme) or the UN International Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Comité international des droits des personnes handicapées). Deniev Dagun (talk) 16:20, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Organizations-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 16:33, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of France-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 16:33, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete: only 23 results on a google search, which does not meet the significant coverage requirement of WP:GNG. Regards, Comte0 (talk) 19:30, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete The organisation exists but their website contains false claims such as being an "Association Reconnue d'Utilité Publique", they are not on the list here . It looks like they are surfing on the name of the UNESCO institution. --Dom from Paris (talk) 17:32, 19 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
macrocephalus

Noun

 * 1)  The condition of having an abnormally large head.

Etymology
New Latin; from +  +.

Adjective

 * 1)  having a large head; macrocephalous

title: macrocephalus


text:
Management information systems

INTRODUCTION-MIS
What is MIS? MIS is an organized integration of hardware and software technologies, data, processes, and human elements. It is a software system that focuses on the management of information technology to provide efficient and effective strategic decision making.

G.B. Davis defined Management Information System (MIS) is an integrated man/machine system for providing information to hold up the operations, management and decision making functions in an organization.

What Management Information system(MIS) is all about? Indeed, for a question like this, the perception could be that its all about computers or its all about Computer Software and Hardware. Some people may perceive that it's all about programming. However, it should be noted that all these perceptions could be partially right, but the perfect answer is something totally different. To understand about MIS one should realize the distinct 'Information Component' encircling every individual in this world! Information is considered to be the wealth when it can really make the difference between the profit and loss of an enterprise. Information is considered to be luck when it can make a difference between a win and a loss in a bet. Information is considered to be an opportunity, when it can provide the avenues for further prosperity. Thus information is capable of playing different roles in every individual's life. In the Scientific Management Process the effective planning, efficient organizing and strategic decision-making revolves around critical information and their availability at appropriate time.

Characteristics of MIS
MIS plays a very important role in every aspect of an organization. These characteristics are generic in nature. Following are the characteristics of MIS:

1. System Approach

2. Management Oriented

3. Need-Based, Exception Based

4. Future-Oriented, Integrated

5. Long Term Planning

6. Sub-System Concept

7. Central Database

INFORMATION COMPONENT AND BUSINESS
In the Scientific Management Process the widely accepted functional components are

(i)Marketing (ii)Human Resource Management (iii)Finance and (iv) Production or Operation.

All these functional components can be easily visualized in every business models.

Business Model with different Information Components

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION  SYSTEM:

Marketing information :- 1.	Product positioning details 2.	competitive analysis and related information

Human Resource Information :- 1.	Travel policies 2.	Benefit profiles 3.	Training programs

Training :- 1.	Class registration details 2.	courses available 3.	training profiles

Finance Information :- 1.	Quarterly report 2.	annual report 3.	stockholder details

Sales Information :- 1.	Competitive Analysis 2.	current sales details 3.	customer information

Customer information :- 1.	customer feedback 2.	customer visits and details

Manufacturing information :- 1.	total quality management 2.	product schedule details

Management Information Systems can be subdivided into two classes: Financial Reporting Systems (FRS) and Operating Information Systems (OIS).

FRS encompass highly recognized financial reports such as Income Statements, Balance Sheets, Cash Flow, "Registers" such as Accounts Receivable Register, and other business-specific reports.

OIS are the crucial information of a non-financial nature that businesses require to manage and monitor vital information. The number and types of reports used vary widely. One idea of how to create OIS reports is the concept of the key variable, that is, the one or two pieces of management information that must be reviewed daily in order to verify that the business is working well. For instance, in the trucking industry, it might be said that the number of miles logged by all trucks the previous day is a key variable that indicates the direction of profits/success. This information might be the one piece of data the owner/general manager requires to be on his/her desk in the morning. If the number looks good, it's business-as-usual that day, but if not, he/she begins the work to get that number up.

TYPES OF INFORMATION
Before discussing the types of information, it is quite appropriate to understand the difference between the data and information. Data is nothing but an abstract representation of a number, alphabets or a symbol. The data is required to be processed in different ways to obtain different types of informations.

Information is Classified into :

1.Strategic Information

2.Tactical Information

3.Operational Information

4.Statutory Information.

title: Management information systems


text:
Talk:HMS E18

A quick suggestion: try using Ship table for the infobox. It prevents the sub-level heading lines from running through the box. --Laserbeamcrossfire 18:40, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Done. I knew there was a pretty syntax somewhere... Otherwise, I feel it's pretty complete; the two engagements mentioned are about the only ones of note, since Baltic patrols seemed to be quiet most of the time. Hmm. Shimgray | talk | 09:04, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Looks pretty good! --Laserbeamcrossfire 16:30, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

Good article nomination
At a minimum (since I'm not really qualified to comment on the rest of the article), the Notes section really needs to be cleaned up if this article is going to qualify. The notes would look a lot better if they were formatted according to the templates for citations. Also, a note shouldn't say "some sources specify...". It should state which sources are being referenced. MLilburne 20:11, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The problem with "some sources specify" is that the sources in question are random Internet pages; they're not particularly reliable and they're not saying where they got it from, but the claim keeps turning up. I'm not sure how to best deal with this; there is probably a single source for the claim, but it's not turned up. Shimgray | talk | 20:17, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Hmmm. My opinion is that if the sources really aren't reliable ones, you should either explicitly say so in the footnotes (not letting the reader think that "some sources" refers to other sources that you've already cited), or simply omit the information altogether. MLilburne 20:21, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The "KE41" thing is actually the entire reason this article was researched in the first place, to try and figure out what was up with that ;-). I've rephrased it to "is sometimes named as" and made the naval-history thing contrast a bit better. Will see if I can think of a better solution. Shimgray | talk | 21:06, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

I am going to pass the article since I find it clear, well-written, and adequately referenced. While there is always room for improvement, I think that the article meets GA standards in its current state. Eluchil404 17:06, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

GA Sweeps (on hold)
This article has been reviewed as part of WikiProject Good articles/Project quality task force in an effort to ensure all listed Good articles continue to meet the Good article criteria. In reviewing the article, I have found there are some issues that may need to be addressed.
 * The lead does not describe the article well and is inadequate for the purpose. I recommend two decently sized paragraphs summarising the lifespan of the submarine.
 * Sources. Vast swathes of the article are unsourced. There has to be at least on source evey paragraph in addition to sources on statistics, quotes and controversial statements.
 * More images would be nice, perhaps further illustrating the submarine, its opponents or its role.
 * Sources are a mess; there are really only three, no page numbers are given and the one websource has no publication detail.
 * The article could do with more section headings to further aid understanding.

I will check back in no less than seven days. If progress is being made and issues are addressed, the article will remain listed as a Good article. Otherwise, it may be delisted (such a decision may be challenged through WP:GAR). If improved after it has been delisted, it may be nominated at WP:GAN. Feel free to drop a message on my talk page if you have any questions, and many thanks for all the hard work that has gone into this article thus far. Regards, Jackyd101 (talk) 19:56, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm afraid that nothing has been done on this article and the problems are such that the article cannot be swiftly patched up and so I am regretfully delisting this from GA. When it is back up to standard please nominate it again.--Jackyd101 (talk) 09:34, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:HMS E18


text:
ACAC consortium

The AVIC I Commercial Aircraft Company (ACAC consortium; ) was a subsidiary of China Aviation Industry Corporation I (AVIC I), formed in 2002 by various Chinese aviation companies, including:

 * Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute
 * 602nd Aircraft Design Institute
 * Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group
 * Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Factory
 * Shenyang Aircraft Corporation
 * Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation

In 2009 it became part of Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China.

Products

 * The joint venture has developed the ARJ21 regional jet.

title: ACAC consortium


text:
User:Smartcapital798/sandbox

PSYKA formerly known Psyka PH is a rock band from Zamboanga City that was formed in 2017 by Connor Payne Young (vocals), Christian Catain (keys), Epoi Ventula (bass), Eldrich Saculingan (drums), and Jhenno Mojica (guitars). The band enjoys making music and playing video games, as well as reading and watching conspiracies about science, space, extraterrestrial fantasies, and other weird stuff. In fact, this is where they get most of their ideas for their songs. A dash of the unusual never hurt a soul.

The band derived their name from the word “psyka”. It’s the term that refers to people who thinks, acts, and lives differently from the norm. In other words, unconventional and at some point, somehow radical to the society and it’s mundanities. It can also refer to the mentality of not concerning yourself about the opinion of others. And as the band aspires to be, they stay true to themselves and to the people around them. Instead of being boxed by society’s norm, they try to be who they really are, despite looking different in the eyes of the mass. This also helped them to develop their uniqueness in music.

It might sound pretentious but they do have a sense of peculiarity. Their music goes beyond what we normally hear about. But that’s what makes it great. It sets them apart from the other band. Their own identity built from the bizarre and unusual things they think of makes them unique. And you can say that they re not afraid to test it out in the industry with such concentrated love for the usual sound we hear. Aside from being true, you can say that Psyka PH is a mix of brave, bold, and unique.

title: User:Smartcapital798/sandbox


text:
Cookbook:Pork Gyoza

| East Asian Cuisines | Japanese Cuisine | Chinese Cuisine

Gyoza are the Japanese variation of Chinese potsticker dumplings (guotie). They consist of a thin flour dumpling skin that is filled, pleated, and pan-fried. The contrast between filling and crispy exterior is a very pleasing sensation and, like many dishes, it can be melded to incorporate almost any flavour.

Dumplings

 * ½ lb ground pork
 * 1–3 tsp prepared mustard
 * 1–2 tbsp soy sauce
 * 1–2 tbsp each of minced green onion, bell pepper, and/or chili
 * At least 50 round wonton wrappers or other round dumpling skins (see note below)

Dipping Sauces

 * Soy sauce and honey (mix to taste)
 * Black bean paste
 * Peanut sauce
 * Plum sauce
 * Black vinegar and shredded ginger
 * Soy sauce with some rice wine vinegar

Assembly

 * 1) Combine the pork, mustard, soy sauce, and vegetables with clean hands.
 * 2) Get out your dumpling skins, and cover them with a damp tea-towel or paper towel to prevent them from drying out.
 * 3) Place about ½–1 tsp filling in the center of each dumpling wrapper.
 * 4) Dampen the edge of half the dumpling wrapper. Fold the wrapper in half, enclosing the filling, so the wet and dry edges meet. Crimp the edges to ensure a tight seal.
 * 5) Either proceed directly to the cooking stage, or freeze the dumplings and store frozen for up to six months.

Cooking

 * 1) Heat a heavy frying pan (not non-stick) over medium to medium-high heat.
 * 2) Brush the pan lightly with vegetable oil. Add 8–10 dumplings, making sure not to crowd the pan.
 * 3) Let these dumplings cook without touching them for at least 2 minutes. They will sizzle and pop, but do not touch them until they have stuck to the pan (usually about 2 minutes).
 * 4) When they have browned on the bottom (watch the edges near where the dumpling touches the pan) check for sticking.
 * 5) When the dumplings have stuck to the pan, pour about ⅓ cup of stock, broth, or water into the pan to a depth of about ⅛–¼ inch. Cover with a tight lid.
 * 6) Cook until all the liquid has been converted to steam (about 2 minutes). This is one of the more difficult parts of this process. You may have to adjust the amount of liquid used based on the liquid and your pan)
 * 7) Carefully remove the dumplings from the pan. Serve while hot with dipping sauces.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * The primary difference between packaged gyôza skins and packaged wonton skins is shape—round for gyôza skins, square for wonton skins. Whichever one you use is a matter of preference. If both are available, try both and decide which you prefer. You can also make these skins yourself, but it is a time-consuming process and the dough has to be rolled quite thin.
 * You can vary the filling ingredients to suit your taste. Pork plays well with others. Keep in mind that a filling that is too wet may expand too much during cooking and cause the dumpling to split open, while a filling that is too dry will become drier during cooking. Any filling should easily maintain its shape if moulded into smaller balls.

ru:Рецепт:Цзяоцзы

title: Cookbook:Pork Gyoza


text:
Clifford Benjamin Peterson

Clifford Benjamin "Cliff" Peterson (June 20, 1905 – July 5, 1979 ) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Kelvington from 1960 to 1964 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member.

He was born in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, the son of Peter Ludwig Peterson and Johanna Asplund, both natives of Sweden, and was educated in Robsart, Saskatchewan, where he moved with his family in 1910. In 1932, he married Mabel Beatrice Eliason. Peterson lived in Kuroki and was a director of the Kuroki Rural Telephone Company and president of the Kuroki Co-op Association.

title: Clifford Benjamin Peterson


text:
Q3Map2/Entity keys

Q3Map2-specific entity keys:

 * Let it be known that entity keys with a preceeding underscore ("_") character are keys read by the compiler, and keys with no preceeding underscore are read by both the compiler and the game.

_indexmap

 * Path to an art file (typically .pcx or .bmp) used to guide the mapping of shaders onto a metashaded surface, such as Quake III: Team Arena-style terrain.
 * The path for _indexmap should start in the same directory as is used by your game's fs_basepath switch (i.e. "baseq3"). If your indexmap were found at "C:\path\to\Quake III Arena\baseq3\indexmap.pcx", a value of "indexmap.pcx" for the _indexmap key would be sufficient.
 * _indexmap used to be "alphamap", though the latter is now deprecated. A key of "alphamap" will still work, but (as it does not follow the underscored compiler key format) its use is not encouraged.
 * _indexmap is used on func_group entities.

_layers

 * Number of unique root shaders found in a terrain metashader, such as those used by Quake III: Team Arena-style terrain.
 * _layers used to be "layers", though the latter is now deprecated.
 * _layers is used on func_group entities.

_shader

 * Path to the metashader used to assign textures to a terrain (func_group) entity. Omit the "textures/" prefix.
 * _shader used to be "shader", though the latter is now deprecated.
 * _shader is used on func_group entities.

_lightmapscale

 * Floating point value scaling the resolution of lightmaps on brushes/patches in this entity (default 1.0). A _lightmapscale of 0.25 would result in four times as much lightmap detail as 1.0, while 4.0 would only have one quarter of 1.0's detail.
 * _lightmapscale is used on func_group entities; though worldspawn supports _lightmapscale, use of lightmap scaling on the world is not recommended.

_cs or _castshadows

 * Allows per-entity control over shadow casting.
 * Defaults to 0 on entities, 1 on world. 0 = no shadow casting, 1 = casts shadows on world.
 * Can be used in conjunction with _rs (or _receiveshadows) for tighter control of where, exactly, certain shadows fall.
 * A _cs value greater than 1 (say, "7") would cast shadows on the world, and on any entity with a corresponding _rs value ("7" again, in our case) as well.
 * A _cs value less than 1 (say, "-7") would cast shadows only on entities with a corresponding _rs value ("-7") and not cast shadows on the world.
 * _cs is used on any entity.
 * misc_model entities, which are static, belongs to world.

_rs or _receiveshadows

 * Allows per-entity control over shadow reception.
 * Defaults to 1 on everything. 0 = receives no shadows, 1 = receives world shadows.
 * Can be used in conjunction with _cs (or _castshadows) for tighter control of where, exactly, certain shadows fall.
 * A _rs value greater than 1 (say, "7") would receive world shadows, as well as shadows from any entity with a corresponding _cs value ("7" again).
 * A _rs value less than 1 (say, "-7") would receive shadows only from entities with a corresponding _cs value ("-7") and not receive world shadows.
 * _rs is used on any entity.

<tt>_celshader</tt>

 * Sets the cel shader used for this entity. Omit the "textures/" prefix.
 * _celshader is used on any entity.

<tt>_targetname</tt>

 * Used to attach a misc_model entity to func_whatever entities (i.e. func_bobbing, func_rotating, etc).
 * _targetname is generally used on motion entities.

<tt>_keepLights</tt>

 * By default q3map2 removes light entities from the BSP.
 * Set "_keepLights" "1" on the worldspawn to keep light entities in the BSP entity lump.

Spawnflag 1

 * Toggles the model casting shadows on the map surfaces.

Spawnflag 2

 * Sets the autoclipping spawnflag, automatically assigning q3map_clipmodel to any shaders used by the model.
 * Use of Q3Map2 autoclipping for models is only recommended for large models with relatively few triangles in their mesh (i.e. terrain). The Q3Map2 autoclipping algorithm is a bit of a hack, and can hurt in-game performance (as well as produce erroneous clipping results) when used on small, dense models.

Spawnflag 3

 * Spawnflag 1 plus Spawnflag 2.

Spawnflag 4

 * Sets the forcemeta spawnflag, automatically adding q3map_forcemeta to any shaders used by the model (which, in turn, allows the model to become lightmapped).
 * This, effectively, is the "lightmapped model" spawnflag.

Spawnflag 5

 * Spawnflag 1 plus Spawnflag 4.

Spawnflag 6

 * Spawnflag 2 plus Spawnflag 4.

Spawnflag 7

 * Spawnflag 1 plus Spawnflag 2 plus Spawnflag 4.

title: Q3Map2/Entity keys


text:
Alice and the Glass Lake

Alicia Lemke (February 3, 1987 – August 9, 2015), known professionally as Alice and the Glass Lake, was an American singer.

Biography
Lemke was born in Madison, Wisconsin, to Bradley and Gale Lemke. She attended Shorewood Hills Elementary School, Blessed Sacramant School, and West High School. She appeared in Children's Theatre of Madison productions numerous times. After graduating from West, she went to school at Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania. She was double majoring in biology and musical theater. She eventually pursued the arts route, and she attended the Berklee College of Music in Boston.

She then moved to New York, doing gigs around clubs in the city. It was during that time that she developed her voice as a musician. People in New York and Los Angeles urged her to change her name to avoid confusion with Alicia Keys, so she chose the name Alice and the Glass Lake, which she chose as an ode to a lake in northern Wisconsin at which her family had a cabin. On July 9, 2009, Lemke created a YouTube channel where she would upload videos of covers and original compositions.

On June 20, 2012, Matt Harding released "Where the Hell is Matt? 2012". The video features Matt and many others dancing in 71 locations, comprising 55 countries and 11 US states. The video uses the song "Trip the Light", composed by Garry Schyman and sung by Alicia Lemke.

In 2013, she opened for Fleetwood Mac. That year, she had also played at the Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival in Tennessee. In August 2013, she released her first EP of electronic dream pop. In November, she was labeled as a rising star or artist to watch by Live Fast Magazine and Pigeons & People. In December of that year, she was diagnosed with a rare form of leukemia while on vacation in France.

Death and posthumous releases
Lemke died on August 9, 2015, from leukemia. She had been sending notes to her producer about her then-upcoming album Chimaera up to two days before her death. Her debut album, Chimaera, was posthumously released on November 18, 2016. CrypticRock gave it five stars out of five, and they labeled it as one of its top five pop rock albums of 2016, saying, "Full of hope, pain, and angelic vocals, this is a must listen and surely secures this talented artist's legacy."

Kiesza, whom Lemke met in college and was close friends with, wrote the song "Dearly Beloved" in Lemke's memory. The song was released on January 6, 2017.

She posthumously appeared in Eminem's 2017 album, Revival in the title track, "Revival (Interlude)". The vocals were taken from an unreleased song submitted to Eminem in 2012.

Two of her songs appeared in the 2017 Canadian film, Suck It Up. Lemke's song "Luminous" appeared in the sixth episode of the fourth season of the television series Awkward, the third episode of the fourth season of Station 19, and the third episode of the first season of Billions.

Studio albums

 * Chimaera (2015)

Extended plays

 * Shades of Motion (2010)
 * Imaginary (2011)
 * The Evolution EP (2013)

Appearances

 * Eminem: ''Revival (2017)

title: Alice and the Glass Lake


text:
onte

Etymology
From, , from , from , from. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Adverb

 * 1) yesterday

Etymology
Ultimately from, probably via an earlier non-nasalized form of. Compare 🇨🇬.

Adverb

 * 1) yesterday

Etymology
From, , ultimately from.

Adverb

 * 1) yesterday

title: onte


text:
Savvushka

Savvushka (Саввушка) is a rural locality (a selo) Savvushinsky Selsoviet, Zmeinogorsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 1,172 as of 2013. There are 6 streets.

Geography
Savvushka is located 24 km north of Zmeinogorsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novokharkovka is the nearest rural locality.

title: Savvushka


text:
Talk:Björn (Swedish king 829)

Adam of Bremen
Adam's history is avalible online in Swedish from Litteraturbanken. The only account he gives of Eric is on this page. There is nothing about any relationship to any other king. Neither is there in the vita. There is an online version which has a note by the editor given in the text, but it is clearly marked as such.

Andejons (talk) 13:17, 21 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Yes here I did a mistake sorry I meant

 * "furthermore, if you desire to have more gods and we do not suffice, we will agree to summon your former King Eric [I.e. Eric III, the predecessor of Biörn] to join us so that he may be one of the gods." Predecessor — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)

 * The brackets means that it is a note inserted by the editor. It is not in the original text. And the note does not say anything about how the kings were related either.
 * Andejons (talk) 16:24, 21 February 2021 (UTC)

Still, it says former king or predecessor I fixed all the things you mentioned. So that it became exactly what stood in the sources. If you worship your king Eric as a god. You probably wanna elect one of his sons as the next king.

Problems
The source does not support the statement "Eric the Victorious, generally considered to be Sweden's first king", and the source does not say anything like " Attempts have been made to identify the king with the legendary figure Björn at Haugi, but these attempts have to be considered unverifiable and unreliable". These are very serious misrepresentations and the main reason for this article appears to be to disconnect Rimbert's account from Icelandic sources. I really wonder why we have to have two articles for one person, or two persons who are deeply interconnected in scholarly literature.--Berig (talk) 20:58, 1 August 2021 (UTC)
 * I edited these articles a while ago because I perceived them to lend undue weight to nationalist ideas of ancient Swedish kings based on non-contemporary Icelandic sources and not corroborated by current academic understanding (not mainly focused on this specific figure, who is not very ancient, but still one of the pre-Segersäll kings). I fully recognize that I went overboard a bit and I have resolved not to edit anything on this subject again because clearly I'm also bringing my own POV into it. If the 829 Björn and Björn at Haugi are "deeply interconnected in scholarly literature" there should be no problem with finding enough reliable sources to support merging the two articles so anyone's good to go in tracking those sources down and using them. Ichthyovenator (talk) 08:48, 2 August 2021 (UTC)
 * I have a hard time reading "nationalism" into these things, but everybody is different. BTW, in legendary sources, the Swedes tend to be the bad guys, and they often die disgracefully, so the treatment is hardly flattering for Swedish nationalists. I have asked to have a go at this topic. If she accepts it, the coverage will be greatly improved.--Berig (talk) 08:56, 2 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes, I recognize that I went overboard. My main concern was with the list of legendary kings, which before I edited it (not that my edit does not also have it's share of neutrality and style issues) included invented regnal dates, no indication that many of the figures were rarely taken as "real" by mainstream historians and even a citation to a self-published book by Lars Ulwencreutz who is a (far?)-right nationalist that believes the line of legendary kings is 100 % real. Wanting Sweden to seem older than it is through a line of fictional kings beginning with Odin feels like nationalism to me (though this is mainly because I see it being used by nationalists), but I can also see that interest in the legendary kings can stem from genuine historical curiosity concerning what might have happened before the textual historical records begin. The edits to more well-established figures (as this Björn very well could be) were an unfortunate consequence of my inappopriate personal crusade against this stuff. I'm sure another editor will do a great job at fixing this up and presenting a more balanced account. Ichthyovenator (talk) 09:11, 2 August 2021 (UTC)

 * I've checked some literature: Dick Harrison discusses Rimbert's kings in Sveriges historia: 600-1350, but does not mention Björn at haugi or Anund Uppsale (a reposted version of the text, with some cuts that are not relevant to this discussion, is available here). The same can be said of Mats G. Larsson in Svitjod – Resor till Sveriges ursprung, despite him otherwise taking a generally positive view of the sagas as historical sources (he does not discuss these kings in such detail, however). Peter Sawyer in När Sverige blev Sverige does say that the names in the sagas are based on historical kings, but also that the resemblance ends there. In an older article, Sune Lindkvist in Svenskt bibliografiskt lexikon is more accepting of the Icelandic material, but still makes a clear distinction between it and Rimbert's account in favor of the latter.
 * Andejons (talk) 10:59, 2 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Björn (Swedish king 829)


text:
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Nenpog/Archive

03 July 2012

 * Suspected sockpuppets

 * User compare report Auto-generated every hour.

Policy: Improper uses of multiple Wikipedia user accounts include attempts to mislead other editors and avoid sanctions. Avoiding scrutiny: I often work at COIN. In closing a 28 June 2012 COIN request by Nenpog, I limited what I wrote because I believed that Nenpog was a relatively new editor and deserved some deference (e.g. per WP:BITE). On later looking into the matter, it appears that Nenpog has run a successive of series of accounts into the ground, switching from one to the next when the reputation of an account is tarnished via warnings etc. Had the talk pages of the four accounts all been on one talk page, for example, I would have been clearer on who was behind the account. I feel like I was mislead because Nenpog's edits and responses to those edits are spread over four accounts. My concern is that there may be other accounts that would additionally inform editors who they are dealing with when dealing with Nenpog. Other accounts: In addressing the blocking of one of Nepong's accounts, admin EdJohnson noted, "Since mid-April, under a variety of IPs you have continued to try to force your new thinking into the X-ray computed tomography article." None of the four accounts identified by Nenpog go back as far as mid-April, so there are other accounts that could give a clearer picture and make it less likely that other editors will be mislead. Circumventing sanctions: In any event, Nepong's User <IP_ADDRESS> account was blocked 24 hours, from 04:17, 20 June 2012 to 04:16, 21 June 2012. Nepong then avoided the block and detection by creating new account to begin editing during the 24 hour block at 01:49, 21 June 2012. Request: In sum, a complete list of accounts used by Nepong via checkuser will help others counter Nepong's avoiding scrutiny, circumventing sanctions, etc. Uzma Gamal (talk) 02:50, 3 July 2012 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Looks like a clear case of DUCK. All the IP editors and the named account are interested in the same very narrow field, pushing for the same result: CT Scans Are Bad. The Nenpg account was created during the block of one of the IPs, an example of evading the block. Binksternet (talk) 16:26, 4 July 2012 (UTC)

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
— Berean Hunter   (talk)  13:55, 3 July 2012 (UTC)
 * as checkusers will not reveal information which links named accounts and IPs. IPs are not accounts. Please refer to this reference. This case will need to be decided on behavioral evidence.

Assuming that the IPs have not edited since June, I see no purpose in blocking at this point. Marking as closed with no action taken. --MuZemike 23:34, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

21 July 2012

 * Suspected sockpuppets

No doubt about these:

These are strongly suspected, but not proven:

 * User compare report Auto-generated every hour.

Harassment of editors and admins who were involved with blocking Nenpog.

See Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents and Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents.

I think this is probably too large a range for a rangeblock, but at least we can apply one month blocks to the actual IPs he uses to make his sockpuppetry a bit harder to do. Guy Macon (talk) 17:10, 21 July 2012 (UTC)

RangebBlock now in place. MuZemike has rangeblocked <IP_ADDRESS>/18 and <IP_ADDRESS>/18 for two weeks.

Perhaps someone should contact Bezeq International<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and tell them that abuse by one of their users just got 32,768 of their IP addresses blocked from accessing Wikipedia. --Guy Macon (talk) 04:32, 23 July 2012 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Nenpog, if this is you doing these things, I just want to say, I'm incredibly disappointed in your actions. Regardless of everything else, you assured me personally that you would respect the decision of the community. Regardless of any other factors, this community decided and that decision stands. If you are not behaving in a respectful fashion now, you've entirely lost any respect I might have been able to have for you. I ask you to honor the wishes of the community and stop, otherwise, I have nothing left but disappointment and contempt for you. -- Avanu (talk) 01:54, 23 July 2012 (UTC)

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * I've blocked a good portion of these previously, Tim C already semi-protected ANI. We can't range block here, way too much collateral damage as we are talking a couple different Class B networks involved.  A couple of these are coming off blocks.  It is one person who just rotates to a new IP, so blocking the IPs for more than a couple of hours is useless, and only damages others. This is one of those times when you just have to whack-a-troll one by one, unfortunately.  Nothing else can be done here. Dennis Brown -  2¢    ©  19:09, 21 July 2012 (UTC)

12 October 2012

 * Suspected sockpuppets

 * User compare report Auto-generated every hour.

Nenpog was topic banned from all edits involving medical imaging and ionizing radiation in July 2012. The topic ban arose from his particularly persistent, tendentious approach; he believed that Wikipedia's coverage of ionizing radiation in medical imaging wasn't sufficiently alarmist, and took something of an IDHT approach to talk page discussions that expressed concerns over WP:WEIGHT and the applicability of WP:MEDRS.

Nenpog was blocked indefinitely about a week later for violation of his topic ban, disruptive editing, and filing a vexatious ArbCom case. He has persisted in attempting to evade the block, most recently returning a couple of days ago as <IP_ADDRESS> to edit war at. (I blocked <IP_ADDRESS> for a gross 3RR violation, but didn't realize the connection to Nenpog until another editor pointed out this extensive SPI archive.) X-ray computed tomography was semiprotected by another administrator in response to this most recent ban evasion. Note that 85.250 was identified as a sock based on behavior and on rough geolocation of the IP, and not by checkuser magic pixie dust. (85.250 and Nenpog's CU-confirmed socks of a couple of months ago both edit from Israeli ISPs, though he seems to have changed ISPs for his most recent editing; it could be a home-versus-office/school thing, or he may have recently changed providers.)

At around the same time, Bob spagio goojio got involved in the topic. In just 2 minutes on October 3, he made his first three edits with that account: one to Talk:X-ray computed tomography, one to bluelink his userpage, and one to bluelink his talk page. It's not exactly an approach that says 'new editor', but I was willing to give the benefit of the doubt.

Come this morning, the new Nick Ericsson account was created. Once again, his first three edits were to bluelink his user page, to bluelink his talk page, and to post a comment at Talk:X-ray computed tomography, this time in support of Bob spagio goojio (whose proposed edits had not gotten any other traction).

In their relatively short histories, neither Bob nor Nick have edited any other articles/talk pages. TenOfAllTrades(talk) 16:47, 12 October 2012 (UTC)

Comments by other users
 * Certainly suspicious behavior from two socks, meriting CU in my opinion. Binksternet (talk) 16:53, 12 October 2012 (UTC)

 * This looks like an obvious WP:DUCK to me, but given the history of evasion attempts, I would also like to see a checkuser with the goal of identifying any other socks we may have missed. --Guy Macon (talk) 18:48, 12 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Given the way that Bob spagio goojio waddled onto the talk page, quacking loudly about what was in the talk page archives, I'd taken it as a given from the start. AndyTheGrump (talk) 19:11, 12 October 2012 (UTC)

 * The IP change from Bezeq in Israel to NetVision in Israel may be related to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>being informed that abuse by one of their users got 32,768 of their IP addresses blocked from accessing Wikipedia. That sort of abuse often results in the ISP nuking the account.

 * I believe that User:Nenpog, editing as (Bezeq) has successfully added his anti-CT material to Magnetic resonance imaging. Those edits have not been reverted; someone with expertise in this area should examine those edits.

 * Also interesting: this region of Israel is where several companies that manufacture magnetic resonance imaging equipment -- a competing technology that doesn't use X-Rays -- are located. We may have a COI issue here as well as the sockpuppeting. --Guy Macon (talk) 19:47, 12 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Also look at . Tel Aviv IP interested in the same material. Binksternet (talk) 20:20, 12 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Response: When I edited at other wiki sites I found blue links in signatures to be more aesthetic than red links. That is why I blue linked my own signature. Nick Ericsson (talk) 17:26, 13 October 2012 (UTC)

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * and are ✅ to be each other; the link with  is much less clear.  My first reflex would be to say they are technically unlikely to be the same editor, but the geographical proximity combined with the topic interest make it .  — Coren (talk) 21:21, 13 October 2012 (UTC)
 * TenOfAllTrades has blocked and tagged them all. De728631 (talk) 22:52, 17 October 2012 (UTC)


text:
Mathew Harris

Mathew "Mat" Harris is a Canadian curler.

He is a and a 2004 Nokia Brier champion as a member of Mark Dacey team.

Personal life
His brother Rob is a curler too, and played lead on the Mark Dacey Brier champion team (Mathew was many times the alternate on this team). Harris works as the Regional Managing Partner of Deloitte's Atlantic region. In 2015, he chaired the host committee at the 2015 World Men's Curling Championship.

title: Mathew Harris


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/budgetmaldives.co

Links

 * budgetmaldives.co resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * budgetmaldives.co is hosted on islandii.com
 * islandii.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Users

 * GermanJoe
 * User is whitelisted: User is in trusted groups rollbacker, reviewer on some wikis

Additions

 * Displayed all 7 additions.


text:
Student Collaboration: Africa Project

Aims and Objectives of the project
This project is a collaboration of students. The project is designed to demonstrate the extent to which online collaboration gives voice to previously unheard voices.

Introduction to Peace Studies and Research in Africa

 * What is the focus of your studies in Africa?

While studying Peace in Africa, we should focus on both the traditional and post-modern realities of African land. The way African people relate and solve their conflictual issues is different from other people world wide. With regard to the genocide that happened in Rwanda in 1994, we may not be right to assume that we may use any methods from Europe or Asia while solving the interpersonal problems and use them to reconcile the Rwandans conflict analysis training course (2008) In this regard, Peace in Africa is multidimensional and requires various interventions: human security by the government and non-state actors, regional security and defense by the police and the military, and solving inter-tribal loggerheads. This needs to take holistic approach by building coalition networks.

I argue that African political and military elites together with the affected populations have the power and potentials to bring about peace in their local areas especially in the Sub-Saharan Africa. We will look at it in more details in the upcoming days.

Posted by Nelson J M, a Human Rights Advocate -- The researcher worked on human rights and peace building in Africa and has authored "The Impact of World Vision on child protection rights in Rwanda 2000-2005"

Learning Materials

 * What learning materials are used to study in Africa? to study peace in Africa?
 * What texts have you read when studying in Africa? when studying peace in Africa?

Assignments

 * What are some of the activities (inside and outside the classroom) that support your learning in Africa? that support learning about peace in Africa?

Plans

 * What do you plan to do when you complete your studies in Africa?

title: Student Collaboration: Africa Project