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Emergency Medicine/Protocols and initial diagnosis and treatment

back to Emergency Medicine

Protocols
EM physicians have training to deal with most medical emergencies, and usually maintain certifications in CPR, at least the first two of the following: For those who also operate in the extramural (pre-hospital) setting: For those who specialize in pediatric trauma care:
 * Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)
 * Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS)
 * PreHospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS)
 * PreHospital Pediatric Emergency Care (PPEC)
 * Advanced Pediatric Trauma Life Support (APTLS)

The management of both emergency department (ED) and inpatient medical emergencies are guided by the basic ACLS and ATLS principles and protocols. Irrespective of the nature of the clinical emergency, maintenance of adequate blood pressure, adequate blood flow to vital organs and adequate oxygenation and ventilation are important guiding principles. (Although sometimes these principles must be deliberately broken, as in the deliberate clamping of an arterial bleeder to prevent exsanguination).

Triage
The first step in emergency medicine is triage: determining who (if there are multiple casualties) requires medical assistance first. Triage is done at multiple stages in the care process, especially in case of incidents involving many casualties. There are specific protocols for triage also.
 * On-site personnel decides which victims are treated on the scene and which are to be taken to a hospital, and in which order.
 * At the entrance to the ED, an ED worker (usually a nurse) determines to which treatment room each victim should be taken.
 * The ED physician checks which patient he needs to attend to first.

Initial diagnosis and treatment
Initial diagnosis and treatment is based on the following principles. These point are known as the CAB(D)'s of Emergency Medicine.
 * Circulation
 * Airway
 * Breathing
 * Disability (neurologic)

Then the general steps of practicing Emergency Medicine:
 * Assessment
 * Diagnosis
 * Treatment
 * Disposition

The CABs of emergency medicine are basic to life support. Every time one enters into an emergency one should determine whether the patient has an adequate pulse (circulation), determine if there is open airway, if they are breathing in an unobstructed manner, if they have any obvious sources of bleeding, and if they have any (neurologic) disability (e.g. a broken neck that has led to neurological injury.)

Assessment using the CABs is the cornerstone of emergency care and it should be a continous and ongoing process. Just because initally someone's airway is patent doesn't mean it necessarily will stay that way. So the key point is to stay flexible in assement and treament. The mark of an ED physician is someone who can manage the airway (intubate), someone who can manage the breathing of a patient (set a ventilator) and somone who can provide cardiac or respiratory support (ACLS treatment of cardiac problems like shock, myocardial infarction or arrhythmias.)

Disposition
The famous GOMER (Get out of my ER) applies here. The EM physician must decide where a patient should go after stabilization: home, to the operating room for surgery, to a regular nursing floor, to a step-down unit, to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), to a psychiatric emergency unit, etc. Thus a role central to the EM physician is triage, and his or her best tool is often the telephone, in asking for advice and help. If, for instance, the EM physician encounters a patient suffering from a myocardial infarction, he might start MONA (Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerine and Aspirin) and promptly contact a cardiologist to take over care since "time is myocardium".

Emergency room physicians
However, it cannot be assumed that all ER physicians do is send patients to other departments, and other floors. Depending on the country, ER physicians may work in an Emergency Room, but can also be trained in another specialty (such as Pulmonology, Anesthesiology, Critical Care, Cardiology, or any multitude of specialties), and so commonly end up treating patients in the Emergency Room and then continuing their long-term care afterwards. In the US, emergency medicine is recognized as a separate medical specialty, equal to other specialties. In most other countries, this is not the case, and the ER is staffed mostly by surgery and general practice residents.

If we take our example myocardial infarction (heart attack) patient, and our Emergency Room physician is a cardiologist, he would stabilize the patient, give the disposition orders, and then add his own treatment information to the protocol to treat the myocardial infarction, rather than contacting an outside cardiologist.


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The Trump Group

The Trump Group, based in Aventura, Florida, is a developer of luxury condominiums and investor in private companies; it is not related to the Trump Organization, owned by Donald Trump. Its projects include Williams Island in Aventura, Estates at Acqualina, and Luxuria in Boca Raton.

History
The company was founded by Jules and Eddie Trump (who are not related to Donald Trump ), Jewish brothers who moved to the United States from South Africa in the 1970s. In 1980, the brothers began their first project, Williams Island in Aventura.

Initially based in New York, the company purchased the Seattle-based Pay 'n Save drug store chain in 1984. Shortly after its purchase of Pay 'n Save, after a magazine incorrectly ascribed the purchase to Donald Trump, the company was unsuccessfully sued by the Trump Organization over the use of the Trump name; however, The Trump Group's trademark was revoked in 1988.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Trump Group


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The Athlete (1932 film)

The Athlete is a 1932 short animated film by Walter Lantz Productions and distributed by Universal Pictures. The film is the first of a film series featuring Pooch the Pup, the first star character created by Walter Lantz.

Plot
Pooch is a participant in a number of track and field events. His first event is a sprinting competition. Because of poor signaling from the signal man, Pooch runs but the other competitors remain in their starting position. Pooch reaches the finish line but fails to come across as the tape slings him back to the starting line. The signal man restarts the race, and this time all the runners make their move. Pooch again reaches the finish line but again gets sling back by the tape. His second flight also causes him to push back the other runners. Pooch resumes his run and wins the race, thanks to the absence of the tape at the end of the track.

Next, Pooch enters the pole vault event. After failing to go over the bar twice, an official lowers it but Pooch still fails at third attempt. The official lowers the bar one more time. Pooch finally makes it over but goes too far and lands on a tree.

In the third event, Pooch tries to hurl a large hammer head attached to a string, a contest similar to trying to throw a metal ball attached to a chain. Instead of the hammer head being thrown, Pooch gets airborne before landing in a trash bin a few miles away. Pooch rides a taxi to return to the competition.

The fourth and final event involves jumping into a tub filled with water from a highly elevated plank. As Pooch leaps, the tub somehow moves, and therefore an official sends him back up. When Pooch plunges again, everyone below moves away instead of breaking his fall. Pooch plummets into the ground, creating a deep hole as a result. Surprisingly, a Tibetan man from the hole picks up and places him back on the surface.

For some reason, Pooch is declared the winner of the competition. An official presents him a trophy, and a cameraman tries to take a photo of him, but the camera's flash is too powerful that it kills almost everybody at the scene. Pooch, however, survives, wondering what just happened. All the others that perished are seen in white wings, floating towards the sky.

title: The Athlete (1932 film)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition monsters

The result was delete. RL0919 (talk) 05:33, 1 October 2019 (UTC)

List of Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition monsters

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Badly sourced list with no indication of the subject's real-world notability. Due to the lack of sources, this might also count as original research. Not a very active user (talk) 05:30, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Fictional elements-related deletion discussions. Not a very active user (talk) 05:30, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Games-related deletion discussions. Not a very active user (talk) 05:30, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Popular culture-related deletion discussions. Not a very active user (talk) 05:30, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Lists-related deletion discussions. Not a very active user (talk) 05:30, 24 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete WP:NOT. A list of notable monsters (blue-linked or which can be sourced to third-parties) from the D&D universe across all editions would be reasonable, but not a list of each monster in each guidebook. --M asem (t) 05:44, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete Clear violation of WP:NOTDIRECTORY as well as WP:GAMEGUIDE.ZXCVBNM (TALK) 14:39, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. This list suffers the same problems as the other D&D monster lists also currently on AFD.  There are no sources showing notability specifically for the 4th Edition group of monsters, and the list is just a transcription of the contents of the various 4th edition books.  Rorshacma (talk) 17:06, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Science fiction-related deletion discussions. Necrothesp (talk) 10:38, 25 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Comment. It certainly isn't badly sourced as claimed, as every monster is listed in a section corresponding to the book it first appeared in. -- Necrothesp (talk) 10:55, 26 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete - D&D definitely has plenty of notable elements worthy of articles, but it does not need list after list of game guide minutia. One single list of those with articles and maybe those with some notability (one real world source but not enough to hold an article) would be appropriate. TTN (talk) 11:09, 26 September 2019 (UTC)


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Seaside Communications

Seaside Communications is a Canadian cable television and telecommunications company. In 1975, Seaside was established in Sydney, Nova Scotia, when it was issued a cable licence from the CRTC. On August 23, 2021, Rogers Communications purchased Seaside Communications for an undisclosed amount.

Products
Digital, high-definition television and analog television, high-speed internet, home phone.

Service areas
Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, New Waterford, Nova Scotia, Reserve Mines, Louisbourg, Baddeck, Nova Scotia, St. Peter's, Nova Scotia, and surrounding communities such as Albert Bridge, Hornes Road, Hillside, Hills Road, Marion Bridge, Carabin's Trailer Park, Main-à-Dieu, Neal Cove, Bateston, Catalone and Catalone Road. Seaside signed a partnership agreement on July 6, 2020, with Eskasoni Communications to provide fiber optic service in Eskasoni First Nation.

Company history

 * 1975 Seaside Cable TV Ltd.
 * 1984 Seaside Cable TV (1984) Ltd. (Ownership Change) 1988 Seaside expands to the communities of Albert Bridge, Hornes Road, Hillside, Hills Road, Marion Bridge, Carabin's Trailer Park, Main-à-Dieu, Neal Cove, Bateston, Catalone and Catalone Road.
 * 1991 Seaside acquires River Bourgeois Cablevision Limited.
 * 1992 Seaside acquires Baddeck Cable T.V. Company Ltd.
 * 1992 Seaside acquires St. Peter's Cablevision Limited.
 * 2000 Seaside Communications Inc. (Name Change)
 * 2006 Seaside adds Video on demand (VOD) services to its lineup.
 * 2020 Seaside partners with Eskasoni Communications to provide service in the community.
 * 2021 Rogers Communications acquires Seaside.

title: Seaside Communications


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/pembinachippewa.org

Links

 * pembinachippewa.org resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 1 additions.


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Epistemology

Epistemology deals with the question of how "knowledge is acquired" and how reliable that knowledge is. In essence, it is the theory of knowledge, and has focused on how knowledge relates to concepts such as truth, belief, and evidence. Epistemology is a very general topic and is constantly debated.

A good place to start in the study of epistemology is the definition of "knowledge". A simple and old answer is "a justified, true belief". However, Edmund Gettier famously argued against that definition.

Wikipedia

 * Epistemology

Courses and modules

 * Introduction to Epistemology
 * Historical Introduction to Philosophy/Epistemology
 * Szaszian studies - The ideas of psychiatrist and emeritus professor Thomas Szasz rely significantly on epistemological reasoning.

title: Epistemology


text:
Talk:Batgirl (film)

Filming Began
Per El Arbi's Instagram, filming has begun. We can move this into the mainspace now. Hummerrocket (talk) 18:43, 30 November 2021 (UTC)

Batman
This article credits Michael Keaton as Batman but isn't Batgirl set in the DCEU where Ben Affleck is Batman? Seaweed Brain1993 (talk) 12:16, 9 January 2022 (UTC)
 * , so far Keaton's been confirmed, but Affleck has not. Apparently The Flash will reboot the DCEU's continuity so Michael Keaton is Batman now. — SirDot (talk) 19:21, 9 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Ok Seaweed Brain1993 (talk) 02:08, 10 January 2022 (UTC)

Cancelled
Besides the New York Post, The Wrap is reporting that WB has shelved Batgirl as well. - Richiekim (talk) 20:38, 2 August 2022 (UTC)

In case you haven't heard, The Wrap has reported that Batgirl has been canceled. As the only other source corroborating this so far is New York Post, which is unreliable per WP:NYPOST, I believe we should wait for further confirmation from other reliable sources before making any major changes. InfiniteNexus (talk) 20:40, 2 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Grace Randolph also is confirming this. She’s verified on twitter so I guess that also carries some weight? She said it’s starting to get around at WB… MarioProtIV (talk/contribs) 20:52, 2 August 2022 (UTC)
 * THR verified it as well. Guess it’s official. MarioProtIV (talk/contribs) 21:02, 2 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Grace is not reliable, but the THR source is good enough. InfiniteNexus (talk) 21:38, 2 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Randolph is not a good source but considering everyone else is reporting this too I would assume its true.★Trekker (talk) 21:54, 2 August 2022 (UTC)
 * THR, Deadline, and Variety have all confirmed this. - Favre1fan93 (talk) 21:55, 2 August 2022 (UTC)
 * The page should be moved back to "Batgirl (film)" - there aren't any other films named Batgirl, so the "unreleased" disambiguation isn't needed JOE BRO  64  23:25, 2 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Agreed, I'm not caught up on this article on my watchlist but I saw that it was moved and came here to say the same thing. - adamstom97 (talk) 23:40, 2 August 2022 (UTC)
 * I've moved the page back. InfiniteNexus (talk) 04:41, 3 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Because the film was in post-production when WB cancelled its release, should we even say "unreleased" in the lead? I thought words like "shelved" and "unfinished" are more accurate. Should the category Category:2020s unfinished films be added? Kailash29792 (talk)  04:50, 12 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Batgirl (film)


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User:ErikaOstrander

Erika Ostrander (born 1986) is an Los Angeles-based artist whose sculptures and installations reflect her engagement with the ephemerality of materials and the tactile and performative aspects of her work process. Incorporating materials such as human hair, salvaged print media, and animal tissue, Ostrander engages in the production of visceral objects that invoke the body’s phenomenological relationship to the transformation of the organic materials with which she works. http://www.erikaostrander.com/     http://visarts.ucsd.edu/mfa/erika-christina-ostrander

Education
Ostrander graduated in 2011 from California State University, Northridge with a Bachelors of Arts in Painting, and then graduated in 2013 from California State University, Northridge with a Masters of Arts in Sculpture. She is expected to graduate in 2016 with a Masters of Fine Arts in Visual Art from the University of California, San Diego.

title: User:ErikaOstrander


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User:Davidones

There is never enough time to do everything you want in life so I guess everyone will live with at least a small amount of ambitions that remain unfulfilled.

title: User:Davidones


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Draft:Outline of constructed languages

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to constructed languages:

What type of thing are constructed languages?
Constructed languages can be described as all of the following:

Types of constructed languages

 * A priori language
 * Artificial script
 * Artistic language
 * Constructed language
 * Controlled language
 * Engineered language
 * Experimental language
 * International auxiliary language
 * Language game
 * Logical language
 * Musical language
 * Oligosynthetic language
 * Philosophical language
 * Pivot language
 * Relexification
 * Universal language
 * Whistled language
 * Zonal constructed language

Specific constructed languages

 * List of constructed languages
 * List of constructed scripts

History of constructed languages
History of constructed languages

Constructed languages organizations

 * Akademio de Esperanto
 * Centre de documentation et d'étude sur la langue internationale
 * Esperanto Museum and Collection of Planned Languages
 * International Auxiliary Language Association
 * International Volapük Academy
 * Klingon Language Institute
 * Language Creation Society
 * Logical Language Group
 * Uniono por la Linguo Internaciona Ido

title: Draft:Outline of constructed languages


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User:LouisAragon/sandbox/Sabk-i Hindi

https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/sabk-i-hindi-SIM_6377?s.num=217&s.rows=20&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.start=200&s.q=Persian

https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bazgast-e-adabi

https://iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-viii2-classical-persian-literature

https://brill.com/view/journals/jps/9/1/article-p60_4.xml

https://brill.com/view/journals/jps/2/2/article-p194_6.xml?rskey=ra2Yc7&result=2

https://brill.com/view/journals/jps/11/2/article-p155_3.xml?rskey=ra2Yc7&result=4

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/intejperslite.3.1.0003

title: User:LouisAragon/sandbox/Sabk-i Hindi


text:
Category:Geordie Wikipedians

This category is for all Geordie Wikipedians. If you're a Geordie and proud of it, add this template to your user page:

 * (Please remember to update this page
 * if you make changes to the template.)

title: Category:Geordie Wikipedians


text:
Talk:Bourne SSSI, Avon

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Bourne SSSI, Avon. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20061013122423/http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000563.pdf to http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000563.pdf

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 17:13, 6 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bourne SSSI, Avon


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User:Governor Sheng/sandbox/Our Lady of Medjugorje

Our Lady of Medjugorje (Međugorska Gospa), also called Queen of Peace (Kraljica mira) and Mother of the Redeemer (Majka Otkupiteljica), is the title given to the alleged visions of the Blessed Virgin Mary which allegedly appeared in 1981 to six Herzegovinian teenagers in Medjugorje, Bosnia and Herzegovina (at the time in SFR Yugoslavia).

The only official position of the Catholic Church regarding the alleged apparitions is the Declaration of the Episcopal Conference of Yugoslavia from 1991, which states that on the basis of previous examinations, it is impossible to establish that they are supernatural apparitions or revelations. However, the pilgrimages were allowed. The local bishops have been negative towards the alleged apparitions, while they were promoted by some members of the Franciscan Province of Herzegovina.

Between 1982 and 1986, the local diocese formed two commissions for the investigations of the alleged apparitions, with both investigations ruling that the apparitions aren't supernatural. Between 2010 and 2014, the Vatican formed its own commission, which proposed that the initial seven apparitions are supernatural, but all others since July 1981 should be further investigated. However, the Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith received the results of the latter commission negatively.

In 2018, Pope Francis appointed Archbishop Henryk Hoser apostolic visitor to Medjugorje for pastoral purposes and allowed the official organisation of pilgrimages to Medjugorje in 2019, without recognising the authenticity of the alleged apparitions.

The opponents of the alleged apparitions point out that the messages of Our Lady are not with the accordance with the Church teaching and Catholic Mariology, and are often false, contradictory or prophecies haven't taken place as promised. On the other hand, the supporters emphasise alleged miraculous healings and pastoral fruits in form of conversions, confessions, and mass attendance.

Background
The Medjugorje apparitions took place at a time when relations between the diocesan clergy and the Franciscan Province of Herzegovina were severely strained due to the redistribution of parishes. In the mid-1970s, some of the Franciscan parishes were handed to the diocesan clergy, with fierce opposition from the Franciscans. The Franciscans decided to establish an organization of priests and laypeople called Peace and Goodness (Mir i dobro). The association developed into a local movement that supported the local church autonomy and opposed the decisions of the diocese in Herzegovina, providing support to the Franciscan self-rule. The Vatican strongly supported the local bishop, Pavao Žanić.

In 1975, the Pope issued a decree Romanis Pontificibus, according to which the Franciscans were to leave most of the parishes they controlled and retreat to the monasteries. Bishop Pavao tried to force the decree, while the Franciscans opposed him, trying to gain support at home and abroad. The Church leaders tried to avoid the conflict, so they acted cautiously.

History
On 24 June 1981, two teenagers, Mirjana Dragićević and Ivanka Ivanković went to a nearby Podbrdo Hill in Medjugorje to smoke cigarettes in hiding. There, they claimed they saw an apparition, for which they thought was Mary, mother of Jesus. In a latter conversation with Bishop Pavao Žanić, Mirjana tried to convince the bishop they were looking for the missing sheep, a claim the seers continued to advocate.

Nevertheless, Bishop took a stand for the seers and the local Franciscans against the communist authorities who tried to prosecute them. He informed the Pope about the events in September 1981. The whole of that time, the Bishop remained cautious towards the apparitions, without any final conclusion. He became skeptical towards the apparitions after the apparition accused him of the disorder in Herzegovina that existed between the Franciscans and the diocesan clergy and defended the two Franciscans who refused to leave their parishes as requested by the Papal decree Romanis Pontificibus.

Bishop Pavao formed two commissions for the examination of the apparitions. The first commission was active from 1982 to 1984, and its investigation was expanded by the second commission which examined the events from 1984 to 1986. The commission asked Vlašić to hand over the Chronicle, which Vlašić did, but only with a long delay and after modifying the Chronicle.

The negative conclusions of the commissions were delivered to Rome, from which it was expected to agree with the conclusions and to give a negative judgment of the apparitions, however, the Rome requested another investigation to be made by the Episcopal Conference of Yugoslavia, which was done between 1987 and 1990.

The Conclusion of the Conference of Bishops, published in Zadar on 10 April 1991 was the apparitions "non constat de supernaturalitate", that is that on the basis of previous examinations, it is impossible to establish that these are supernatural apparitions or revelations. However, the Conference left the possibility of the pilgrimage.

A 2009 paper by Rev. Brother Daniel Maria Klimek, T.O.R., details the intricate connection between the Medjugorje apparitions and the writings of the Italian mystic Maria Valtorta.

Chronicle of Apparitions and Vicka's diaries
Fr. Vlašić became a spiritual guide of the seers and was conducting the Chronicle of Apparitions (Kronika ukazanja). The Chronicle covers the period from 11 August 1981 to 15 October 1983. The chronicle is written to give the impression of immediacy, using terms such as “same scene as yesterday” or “tonight” and “tonight”. However, Nikola Bulat, member of the commission that examined the apparitions, concluded that the Chronicle wasn't written daily as it seems. Under the number dates, events that occurred later were recorded. The intro of the Chronicle was written only on 25 February 1982, so Bulat concludes that it is possible that Vlašić started writing the Chronicle only then, eight months after the apparitions or during the October 1981 at its best.

The commission also received Vicka's three out of four diaries. The first diary was written by Vicka's sister Ana and it encompasses the period from 24 June 1981 to 6 September 1981. Some of the problematic aspects the commission found with the diary is that Vicka never saw it nor wrote it, and it contained the information Vicka claimed to have never told to her sister.

The second diary was largely copied from Vlašić's Chronicle, and it encompasses the period from 12 October 1981 to 14 December 1981. The 18 October 1981 was written twice, with different content. It contains two handwritings, non of which is Vicka's. Vicka told the commission that this diary was also written by her sister.

Vicka's third diary is the only one written by Vicka. It includes the period between 6 February 1982 to 25 March 1982. It isn't reliable as the dates in it do not correspond to the days of the week, while only the first eight days are correctly written. For example, on the day of Ash Wednesday, it says it was Good Friday. It also contains songs and quotes unrelated to the apparitions. It has poor grammar and content.

The question of the Vicka's fourth diary remains unresolved. Vicka claimed in a letter to Bishop Pavao that she has been writing it since the beginning of the apparition, and the second time she claimed that she never had it. Similarly, Fr. Vlašić claimed that the fourth diary exists, and then later sweared on the Cross that he never held it in his hands.

Controversial apparitions and messages
There are several apparitions and messages from the alleged Madonna, that caused controversy. These visions and messages were recorded by Vicka's diaries.

Herzegovina Case
While Friar Tomislav Vlašić was still a chaplain in Medjugorje, and Friars Ivica Vego and Ivan Prusina, who refused to obey the Papal decree Romanis Pontificibus and leave the parishes, were chaplains in the parish of Saints Peter and Paul in Mostar, Vicka allegedly received messages from the Maddona from 19 December 1981 until 29 September 1982, and recorded them in her diary.

On 21 September Fr. Ivan Prusina, along with other Franciscans, with the help of the crowd, violently expelled diocesan priests from the parish. Because of his disobedience, Fr. Ivan Prusina had his priestly jurisdiction revoked by Bishop Pavao Žanić on 9 October 1980. Honorius Pontoglio, the General Vicar of the Order of Friars Minor expelled Fr. Ivan Prusina from the Order on 29 January 1982.

The Madonna allegedly told Vicka that Fr. Ivan Prusina and Fr. Ivica Vego "are not guilty of anything" in the matter. On 15 January 1982, the bishop invited the alleged seers to his residence to ask them were there any messages from the Madonna on the issue, and they replied that there are not. However, on 3 April 1982, the seers came to the bishop to tell him that the Madonna scolded them for not telling the truth and that she requests that the two friars remain in Mostar and continue to celebrate masses and hear confessions. Tomislav Vlašić took responsibility for the lies of the seers telling the bishop he instructed them not to tell the truth because the bishop might dispute the authenticity of the apparitions.

On 21 June 1983, one of the seers, Ivan Dragičević, sent a threatening message from the Maddona to the bishop, in which she requests the bishop's conversion regarding her apparitions, otherwise, he would be "judged by me [the Madonna] and my son Jesus". On 6 February 1985, Ivan Dragičević sent somewhat more tolerant message from the Madonna, with her stating that if he doesn't believe in her apparitions, at least he shouldn't persecute her priests who believe in her messages and promote them".

Fr. Ivan Prusina and Fr. Ivica Vego appealed to the Franciscan Order and the Congregation for Clergy, who ignored their appeal considering their decisions to be final. However, the Apostolic Signatura, the highest judicial court of the Holy See, on 27 March 1993 concluded that they had a right on appeal and saw this as a violation of the procedure and declared the dismissal to be null and void; the same followed for Fr. Ivica Vego as well. The Franciscan Province of Herzegovina tried to present this as a sign of victory against the bishop, however, the bishop's revocation of Fr. Ivan Prusina's priestly jurisdiction remained in force, and the Apostolic Signature never reviewed the matter itself, only the procedural defects. However, only later it became known that Fr. Ivica Vego had made a nun Leopolda pregnant, whom he eventually married and lives with her near Medjugorje.

Archbishop of Split-Makarska Frane Franić, who supported the alleged apparitions from the beginning, tried to persuade Vicka to retract the messages about the two friars, so the authenticity of the apparitions could be defended more easily. However, both Vicka and Ivan continued to claim that the messages regarding the two friars are from the Maddona, like any other.

The messages included the accusations against Bishop Pavao Žanić and encouragement for the two friars not to leave the parish. It was then when Bishop Pavao took his final negative stance on the alleged apparitions.

Busniess disputes
Vicka Ivanković used her apparitions two mediate in business disputes. The two shareholders of a hotel, whom Kutleša names as A.A. and B.B., on one side, had certain issues with the third shareholder, referred to as C.C., so they asked Vicka for help. Vicka allegedly consulted the Maddona.

"I asked about you and heard what was going on with C.C. and she understood everything he wanted. I asked Our Lady about you. It's like this. Regarding C.C., he should be warned not to do so because he is not aware of what he is doing. She said that he would not last long and that he too would be put to an end because he does not believe in anything and does not follow God's order and that is why nothing can happen to him with a blessing. And let me tell you, don't talk about anything because he won't accept God's words. You don’t have to talk to him because it’s a big blow to him, only he won't admit it. And give up his wife because she wants to drive you to great evil and she wants to persuade him (ie her husband) to drive you out of there more easily. You stick to yours and don't give in and he will be finished."

Yet, in another dispute, at the beginning of 1995, problems arose over construction of hotel in Medjugorje, called "Pastoralni centar Međugorje". A family from Netherlads recieved a call for financial aid from a local family to build the hotel, whom Kutleša reffers to as N.N. Prior to that, the N.N. family asked Vicka to consult the Maddona for advice on when to start the construction several times. In April 1995, the Maddona told them: "It's not the right time yet, when the times comes, I'll let you know." When they requested the advice the second time, the Madonna allegedly responded the same. The third time Vicka told them that the Madonna approved the start of the construction.

The Dutch family sought a confrimation from Vicka's spiritual director Friar Slavko Barbarić, whether Vicka told the N.N. family to start the construction. However, before he was able to respond, Vicka, noticing the stall in money landing replied to them.

""I have already written to you once via my friends N. N. and his family, so I am contacting you again because you may not have understood me well, and at the same time I am a little surprised that you are looking for someone else's messages through Our Lady.When Our Lady approves and emphasises the beginning of work on the construction of the facility, then I do not know why you suspect and ask for some subsequent message and approval from ordinary people.Our Lady - Mother of God's permission was given through me for the construction of the building, so if you believe in Medjugorje and the apparition of Our Lady, I do not know why all the doubts. I sincerely wish you a happy start to construction and joint cooperation."

Friar Slavko, unaware of Vicka's response, replied to the letter he received on 28 March 1995, and informed the Dutch family that Vcika "did not consult the Mother of God on the issue". The next day, the Dutch family asked him how is possible that Vicka is saying them one thing, and to him the other. Fr. Slavko finnaly tried to sort the issue by sending them another letter on 3 April 1995.

"My question was: Why did she then tell me that she did not ask her (Our Lady), why did she lie to me? I spoke to Vic in front of her parents and she had little fear of her father to confirm the answer because her father was already angry at the insistence of the N.N. family. She has now also apologized in writing to me and says she never thought it was that important. She writes: It has happened now, and it will never happen again! ... To understand Vicka's situation, I will say something else in relation to the letter you received from Vicka and faxed it to me. When I read the letter, I was sure the text did not belong to Vicki. Then I asked her. And it was like this: She was getting ready for a trip to Rome and she had little time. Mr. N. N. and his son wrote the text and asked Vicka to sign the text with her own hand. In a hurry she signed the text with her own hand. Vicki has only the last sentence. Vicka therefore almost cried and apologized several times, because she knows what consequences this case of 'lies' can have, because you also wondered how ‘credible’ Medjugorje is."

Bishop Pavao Žanić's commissions: 1982–1986

Bishop Pavao Žanić established the first two commissions for the investigation of the apparitions. The first commission was active from 1982 to 1984, and had four members. The investigation was expanded with the establishment of the second commission that had fifteen members and examined the events from 1984 to 1986. The second commission included nine professors from various theological faculties and two psychiatrists. The second commission examined Fr. Tomislav Vlašić's Chrinicles and Vicka's diaries. The Chronicles and diaries were found incredible, with records kept irregularly, entered subsequently, and some parts of Vicka's diaries were forged.

The negative conclusions of the commissions were delivered to Rome, from which it was expected to agree with the conclusions and to give a negative judgment of the apparitions, however, the Rome requested another investigation to be made by the Conference of Bishops of Yugoslavia. The Conclusion of the Conference of Bishops, published in Zadar on 10 April 1991 was the apparitions "non constat de supernaturalitate", that is that on the basis of previous examinations, it is impossible to establish that these are supernatural apparitions or revelations. However, the Conference left the possibility of the pilgrimage.

The Ruini Commission: 2010–2014

Pope Benedict XVI established a new commission headed by Cardinal Camillo Ruini with other fourteen members on 17 March 2010. The commission was active until 17 January 2014. Other prominent members of the commission included Cardinals Jozef Tomko, Vinko Puljić, Josip Bozanić, Julián Herranz and Angelo Amato, psychologists, theologians, mariologists and canonists. The task of the commission was to "collect and examine all the material", and publish a "detailed report" based on its findings.

The Ruini Commission made a distinction between the first appearances from 24 June 1981 until 3 July 1981, with 13 votes in favor of those apparitions being of "supernatural" origin, one vote against, and an expert with a suspensive vote. Regarding the rest of the apparitions, from July 1981 onwards, the Commission found them to be influenced by heavy interference caused by the conflict between the Franciscans and the diocese over the redistribution of parishes. The Commission deemed later visions to be "pre-announced and programmed", and they continued despite the seers stating they would end.

Regarding the pastoral fruits of Medjugorje, the Commission voted in two phases. In the first phase, they disregarded the behavior of the seers and voted six in favor of the positive outcome (including three experts), seven stating they are mixed (including three experts) with most being positive, and other three experts stating the fruits are a mix of positive and negative. In the second phase, taking into consideration the behavior of the seers, twelve members (including four experts) stated they cannot express their opinion, and other two members voted against the supernatural origin of the phenomenon.

The report was recieved with negative oppinions in the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, expressing doubts regarding the apparitions. Cardinal Gerhard Ludwig Müller, who headed the Congregation at the time, said in April 2017 regarding Medjugorje, that "pastoral questions" cannot be separated "from questions of the authenticity of apparitions".

Position of the Church
The only official stance taken by the Church is the Declaration of the Episcopal Conference of Yugoslavia in Zadar, from 10 April 1991, in which it is said that the alleged apparitions "non constat de supernaturalitate", that is that on the basis of previous examinations, it is impossible to establish that these are supernatural apparitions or revelations. The Delcaration allowed the pilgrames.

The local bishops denied the apparitions. Bishop Pavao Žanić took a negative stance towards the apparitions after seeing some false statements from the alleged seers and Madonna accusing him of causing disorder in the Herzegovina Case, a dispute over the redistribution of parishes between the Franciscans and the diocesan clergy, and taking the side of the two disobident Franciscans. In a sermon in Medjugorje from 1987, Bishop Pavao expressed his dissatisfaction with the apparitions happening at any location, including cars and buses, exclaiming "Madonna, what are they doing to you?".

Pope
Even though the supporters of the apparitions claimed that Pope John Paul II and Joseph Ratzinger, later Pope Benedict XVI, as head of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith were sympathetic towards the apparitions, Ratzinger refuted these claims in July 1998, stating: "I can only say that the statements about Medjugorje attributed to the Holy Father and me are mere fabrications! (frei erfunden)".

In an interview in May 2017, Pope Francis commented on the findings of the commission headed by Cardinal Camillo Ruini saying that the report said of the initial apparitions that they "need to continue being studied" and expressed doubts in the later apparitions. He also expressed his own suspicion towards the apparitions saying he prefers "the Madonna as Mother, our Mother, and not a woman who’s the head of an office".

Authorization of Pilgrimage
However on May 12, 2019, the Vatican officially authorized pilgrimages to Medjugorje. The first Vatican-sanctioned pilgrimage took place for five days in August 2019. During the pilgrimage, approximately 60,000 young Catholics from 97 different countries took part in the celebration of a youth festival. Fourteen archbishops and bishops and about 700 Catholic priests joined the festival as well.

Reported miracles
Many phenomena have been reported at Medjugorje, such as the sun spinning, dancing in the sky, turning colours, or being surrounded by objects such as hearts or crosses. Eye damage from looking at the sun in Medjugorje has been reported. And some have reported miraculous cures. The tall cement cross erected on Mount Križevac (which means "Cross Mountain") has reportedly disappeared and reappeared or else glowed as if lit with lights, although there is no electricity on the mountain. Not everyone reports seeing the same miracles at the same time. Numerous supposedly miraculous healings have also been reported.

Critics consider the apparitions to be a hoax, and have stated that the reports of mysterious lights on the hill could easily be explained by illusions produced by atmospheric conditions, or fires that were lit by local youths.

Raymond Eve, a professor of sociology, in the Skeptical Inquirer has written: "I acknowledge that the teenagers' initial encounters with the Virgin may well have been caused by personal factors. For example, Ivanka, who was the first to perceive a visitation, had just lost her natural mother. The perception of apparitional experiences spread rapidly among her intimate peer group. ...The region's tension and anxiety likely exacerbated this contagion process and the need to believe among the youthful protagonists."

Skeptical investigator Joe Nickell has noted that there are a number of reasons for doubting the authenticity of the apparitions such as contradictions in the stories. For example, on the first sighting, the teenagers claimed they had visited Podbrdo Hill to smoke. They later retracted this, claiming they had gone to the hill to pick flowers. According to Nickell there is also a problem of the "embarrassingly illiterate" nature of the messages.

Description of Mary
Franciscan Fr. Janko Bubalo questioned the seers and asked them to describe Virgin Mary's appearance. They claim that Our Lady appears to be 18 to 20 years old, slender and around 165 cm tall. Her face is long and oval. She has black hair. Her eyes are blue with delicate eyelashes and thin black eyebrows. She has a little nose and rosy cheeks. She has reddish thin lips and her smile is more like some indescribable gentleness. It's visible as if somehow under her skin.

Her simple dress is bluish-grey and falls freely all the way down to the little whitish cloud on which she is standing. Her veil is pure white and covers her head and shoulders. It also reaches down to the little cloud. She has a crown of twelve golden stars on her head.

Finally he asked, "Is Our Lady really beautiful, as you have said?" Their answer was, "Well, really we haven't told you anything about that. Her beauty cannot be described. It is not our kind of beauty. It is something ethereal, something heavenly, something that we'll only see in Paradise and then only to a certain degree." Seer Mirjana, in her autobiography, says that when they asked Gospa, "How is it possible that you are so beautiful?" Our Lady gently smiled. "I am beautiful because I love," she said. "If you want to be beautiful, then love."

Vicka Ivanković
Vicka Ivanković is the oldest of the alleged seers, born on September 3, 1964, in Bijakovići, a village near Međugorje. She was 16 at the time of the alleged apparitions. She claims to have had daily apparitions, and on occasions two, three, four or five times a day. According to her claims, the apparition told her her biography from January 1983 to April 1985.

One of the major controversies of the Međugorje phenomenon was her diary about the apparitions, which went public with or without her consent. She claimed that the copying of her diaries occurred without her knowledge or consent.

She lives in Međugorje and is married to Marijo Mijatović as of 2002.

Mirjana Dragičević
Mirjana Dragičević was born on March 18, 1965, in Sarajevo. She was 15 at the time of the alleged apparitions. She lived in Sarajevo for a long time, where she has also finished her education. She claims to have had regular apparitions between June 24, 1981, and December 25, 1982. She claims that she became depressed and prayed for the apparition to see her again. According to her claims, Gospa left her "a gift" that she could see her on her birthday. As Međugorje became more and more popular, Dragičević later said that as of August 2, 1987, the apparition would appear every 2nd day of every month. As of 2 January 1997, Dragičević knew the exact hour of the apparition (10 to 11 AM).

She claims that the apparition told her ten secrets, which are intended "for humanity in general, for the world, then for Međugorje, Yugoslavia, and some other areas". Dragičević also said that every seer has a special mission. She was ordained for those "who do not know the love of God", Vicka Ivanković and Jakov Čolo for the sick, Ivan Dragičević for the young and the priests, Marija Pavlović for the souls in Purgatory, and Ivanka Ivanković for families.

Dragičević is married to Marko Soldo since 1989 and they have two children. They live in Međugorje.

Marija Pavlović

Marija Pavlović was born on April 1, 1965, in Bijakovići near Međugorje. She was 15 at the time of the alleged apparitions. She finished secondary school in Mostar. She became a seer since the second day of the alleged apparitions on June 25, 1981.

She was once asked why she didn't become a nun, to which she replied: "Through all those years I thought I'm gonna be a nun. I started visiting a monastery; my desire to go there was very strong. But the abbess told me: "Marija, if you tend to join, you can, but if Bishop decides that you cannot talk about Međugorje, you must listen to him." In that moment, I started to think that my calling is perhaps that I witness to what I saw and felt, and that I will seek my sainthood outside the monastery." She also claims to have daily apparitions and that she keeps nine secrets from Gospa. She claims that Gospa sends her monthly messages for the world. These messages were at first made public by fra Tomislav Vlašić, then after him by fra Slavko Barbarić.

Later, in February 1988, she joined fra Tomislav Vlašić, a New Age promoter, and his group of 15 young men and women in the community "Queen of Peace, where totally yours – Through Mary to Jesus" in Parma, Italy. Together they participated in spiritual exercises for five months. She left the group in July 1988. Vlašić was an ex-friar since 1987 who with his German assistant Agnes Heupel founded a mystic community. Heupel also claimed to receive messages from Gospa. Vlašić claimed that through Pavlović's testimony the community was a work of Gospa herself, and that Pavloviće had delivered him an answer in March 1987 to his question to Gospa about the community, which, among other things, stated: "This is God's plan" and that "Gospa leads the group through father Tomislav and Agnes, through which she sends her messages for the community". In July 1988, Pavlović denied any messages from Gospa regarding the community.

She married an Italian, Paolo Lunneti, in Milano in 1993. They live in a mansion in Monza.

Ivan Dragičević
Ivan Dragičević was born in Mostar on May 25, 1965. He was 15 at the time of the alleged apparitions. After graduating from elementary school, he enrolled at a secondary school in Čitluk, but failed to pass the first class. In August 1981 he applied to the seminary of the Herzegovinian Franciscan Province, where he was already known for the alleged apparitions. He was sent to a seminary in Visoko. In the seminary, he also claimed to have daily apparitions. Again he failed to pass the first class and was sent to the gymnasium in Dubrovnik, where it was thought he would pass the class more easily. Thus, in autumn 1982, he was transferred from the Franciscan seminary to the humanist gymnasium in Dubrovnik. He was unsuccessful there as well and left the school altogether in January 1983.

While in the Franciscan seminary, he claimed that Gospa came to an image of Jesus and said: "Angel, this is your Father", which was never taught by any Christian denomination. He also claimed, like Vicka Dragičević, that Gospa told him her biography from December 1982 to May 1983.

Dragičević married Laureen Murphy, a former Miss Massachusetts, in 1994. They have three children and live in Boston.

Ivanka Ivanković
Ivanka Ivanković was born in Bijakovići on June 21, 1966. At the time of the alleged apparitions, she was 14. She, like Ivan Dragičević and Vicka Dragičević, claims that Gospa told her biography between January and May 1983. She claims to have had regular apparitions until May 7, 1985, and that since then the apparitions occurr only once a year. She was, as she claims, given the tenth secret by Gospa.

She is married to Rajko Elez with whom she has three children. They live in Međugorje.

Jakov Čolo
Jakov Čolo was born in Bijakovići on March 6, 1971. He was 10 at the time of the alleged apparitions. He claimed to have had daily apparitions from June 25, 1981, to September 12, 1998. As of then, he claims that he has one apparition a year on Christmas day. He claims that Gospa told him the tenth secret.

He married Anna-Lisa Barozzi, an Italian, in 1993. They have three children and live in Međugorje.


text:
scivolare

Etymology
From. .

Verb

 * 1) to glide, to slide
 * 2) to slip away, to leave unnoticed
 * 3)  to slip, to lose traction
 * 4) to slip
 * 5)  to pass over, to not linger on (a topic)
 * 6)  to be postponed
 * 1)  to be postponed

title: scivolare


text:
Transfering content to a website using commercial packages

From the official document:
 * "This unit defines the competency required to transfer content from a remote location to a web server using a range of commercial IT products. The end objective is the successful upload of new or revised information on a website."

Basically, it's all about getting your freshly created web site off your local computer and onto the web so that it can be seen by your adoring public. To move the source files (html pages, images, flash, mp3 music, etc) you will need some software that understands and uses the File Transfer Protocol (FTP).

You can read more about this unit on the National Training Information Systems Official document for ICAS4201A.

This unit forms part of the following qualifications:
 * Cert IV Websites Qualification in Australia

How this unit will help you
After learning and applying the skills required by this unit you'll be able to demonstrate your skills in:

 * finding and evaluating software that will transfer your files
 * setting it up so that it will connect to your web server
 * creating directories on and moving files onto the server
 * renaming and deleting files on the web server

Ideas for learning the required skills
You will need to find, install and set up an FTP client (although your operating system probably already has an inbuilt FTP client). Google can help you here. Here's a list of some clients you might want to try:

If you use Windows

 * Filezilla - a free FTP client that has all the bells and whistles.
 * FireFTP - An addon for the Firefox web browser (works with all operating systems).
 * WS_FTP - A commercial FTP client for MS Windows that has a free trial version (I think, last time i checked!)

If you use Linux

 * GFTP - comes standard with most Linux distros, has all the features you'd expect in a commercial FTP client.
 * FireFTP - An addon for the Firefox web browser (works with all operating systems).
 * SmartFTP

If you use a Mac
Fetch

Other options
(Maybe just link to the Wikipedia article where people can find more options?)

 * AxY FTP for Windows, Linux and Unix
 * Cftp for Unix
 * Curl for Unix supports FTP, HTTP, Telnet
 * Lftp command-line FTP for Solaris, IRIX, HP-UX, Digital UNIX and Linux
 * NFTP command-line FTP for Windows, Linux, OS/2
 * NcFTP client command-line FTP and HTTP URLs for Solaris FreeBSD, AIX and Linux
 * FTP Voyager
 * FTP Explorer
 * CoffeeCup Free FTP
 * FTP Commander

Read through this introduction to FTP. Try the FTP challenges and then practice with your own web server.

If you're enrolled in a formal course you will probably have some space on your school's web server that you can access via FTP. If not, don't despair, there are several free services that grant FTP access. Amongst them:

 * DriveHQ (www.drivehq.com)
 * Awardspace (www.awardspace.com) and
 * Free Web Page Hosting (www.freewebpage.org)

A search on Google may reveal more. Sign up, create a simple web page, upload it and check it out in your web browser.

Ideas for demonstrating this unit
The best way to demonstrate these skills is through uploading the webpages that you create to a web server on the Internet. You may need to demonstrate connecting and uploading, and answer some questions to show that you understand everything about the process.

Grading
If you are demonstrating this unit as part of a formal course, you might find that the unit is graded (meaning you can not only demonstrate your competence, but can also gain a credit or distinction). Your facilitator may already have set criteria that your college uses. If not, here are some ideas for possible credit/distinction activities that you can discuss with your facilitator:

 * Understand the difference between passive and active ftp
 * Compare and contrast several ftp packages
 * Set user, directory and file permissions on Unix and Windows based servers using an FTP client
 * Learn to use FTP via the command line (for those times when you're stuck without software!)
 * Researching and experimenting with the SSH File Transfer Protocol and CVS
 * Learning independently to present high quality work for assessment.

Notes and discrepancies

 * There's so much good free and open source software available for FTP that it's hard to justify the emphasis on 'commercial' packages in this unit.
 * There's no mention in the unit of setting unix directory and file permissions, but this is an essential part of deployment on any unix based web server.


text:
Boadella i les Escaules

Boadella i les Escaules is a municipality in the comarca of the Alt Empordà in Girona, Catalonia, Spain. The former name, Boadella d'Empordà, was changed in 2004 when the town of Les Escaules joined Boadella d'Empordà. It is situated in the valley of the Muga river, which is dammed to form the reservoir of Pantà de Boadella, a tourist attraction, and to generate hydroelectric power. Local roads link the village with Biure and Terrades.

title: Boadella i les Escaules


text:
Top-rated United States television programs by season

This article presents the top-rated American primetime broadcast network television series by season from 1950 to the present according to Nielsen Media Research.

1950s
October 1950–April 1951

October 1951–April 1952

October 1952–April 1953

October 1953–April 1954

October 1954–April 1955

October 1955–April 1956

October 1956–April 1957

October 1957–April 1958

October 1958–April 1959

October 1959–April 1960

1960s
October 1960–April 1961

October 1961–April 1962

October 1962–April 1963

October 1963–April 1964

October 1964–April 1965

October 1965–April 1966

October 1966–April 1967

October 1967–April 1968

October 1968–April 1969

October 1969–April 1970

1970s
October 1970–April 1971

October 1971–April 1972

October 1972–April 1973

September 1973–April 1974

September 1974–April 1975

September 1975–April 1976

September 1976–April 1977

September 1977–April 1978

September 1978–April 1979

September 1979–April 1980

1980s
September 1980–April 1981

September 1981–April 1982

September 1982–April 1983

September 1983–April 1984

September 1984–April 1985

September 1985–April 1986

September 1986–April 1987

September 1987–April 1988

October 1988–April 1989

September 1989–April 1990

1990s
September 1990–April 1991

September 1991–April 1992

September 1992–April 1993

September 1993–April 1994

September 1994–April 1995

September 1995–May 1996

September 1996–May 1997

September 1997–May 1998

September 1998–May 1999

September 1999–May 2000

2000s
September 2000–May 2001

September 2001–May 2002

September 2002–May 2003

September 2003–May 2004

September 2004–May 2005

September 2005–May 2006

September 2006–May 2007

September 2007–May 2008

September 2008–May 2009

September 2009–May 2010

2010s
September 2010–May 2011

September 2011–May 2012

September 2012–May 2013

September 2013–May 2014

September 2014–May 2015

September 2015–May 2016

September 2016–May 2017

September 2017–May 2018

September 2018–May 2019

Multiple rankings in the Top 30

 * 43 seasons
 * 60 Minutes (CBS)

 * 32 seasons
 * Monday Night Football (ABC)

 * 18 seasons
 * Gunsmoke (CBS)

 * 17 seasons
 * Disneyland/Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color/The Wonderful World of Disney (ABC/NBC)
 * The Red Skelton Show (NBC/CBS)
 * Survivor (CBS)
 * The Toast of the Town/The Ed Sullivan Show (CBS)

 * 16 seasons
 * NCIS (CBS)

 * 15 seasons
 * CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (CBS)
 * Grey's Anatomy (ABC)

 * 14 seasons
 * American Idol (FOX/ABC)
 * Dancing with the Stars (ABC)
 * ER (NBC)

 * 13 seasons
 * Criminal Minds (CBS)
 * Sunday Night Football (NBC)

 * 12 seasons
 * All in the Family/Archie Bunker's Place (CBS)
 * Bonanza (NBC)
 * Law & Order (NBC)
 * The Lucy Show/Here's Lucy (CBS)
 * Two and a Half Men (CBS)

 * 11 seasons
 * Frasier (NBC)
 * Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (NBC)
 * Murder, She Wrote (CBS)
 * My Three Sons (ABC/CBS)

 * 10 seasons
 * The Big Bang Theory (CBS)
 * CSI: Miami (CBS)
 * Dallas (CBS)
 * Friends (NBC)
 * I've Got a Secret (CBS)
 * The Jack Benny Show (CBS)
 * M*A*S*H (CBS)
 * NCIS: Los Angeles (CBS)
 * NYPD Blue (ABC)
 * Roseanne/The Conners (ABC)

 * 9 seasons
 * The King of Queens (CBS)
 * Blue Bloods (CBS)
 * The Carol Burnett Show (CBS)
 * Cheers (NBC)
 * Dragnet (NBC)
 * Happy Days (ABC)
 * Hawaii Five-0 (CBS)
 * Lassie (CBS)
 * The Voice (NBC)
 * You Bet Your Life (NBC)

 * 8 seasons
 * The Andy Griffith Show (CBS)
 * The Beverly Hillbillies (CBS)
 * The Cosby Show (NBC)
 * Desperate Housewives (ABC)
 * Everybody Loves Raymond (CBS)
 * General Electric Theater (CBS)
 * Hawaii Five-O (CBS)
 * Home Improvement (ABC)
 * The Jeffersons (CBS)
 * Knots Landing (CBS)
 * Little House on the Prairie/Little House: A New Beginning (NBC)
 * One Day at a Time (CBS)
 * 20/20 (ABC)
 * The Virginian/The Men from Shiloh (NBC)

 * 7 seasons
 * Alice (CBS)
 * Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts (CBS)
 * Castle (ABC)
 * Cold Case (CBS)
 * CSI: NY (CBS)
 * The Danny Thomas Show (CBS)
 * The F.B.I. (ABC)
 * The Golden Girls (NBC)
 * The Good Wife (CBS)
 * The Jackie Gleason Show (1962-1970) (CBS)
 * Laverne & Shirley (ABC)
 * The Love Boat (ABC)
 * The Mentalist (CBS)
 * Murphy Brown (CBS)
 * Three's Company (ABC)
 * The Waltons (CBS)
 * What's My Line? (CBS)
 * Without a Trace (CBS)

 * 6 seasons
 * The Bachelor (ABC)
 * Bewitched (ABC)
 * Coach (ABC)
 * Dateline NBC (NBC)
 * Dynasty (ABC)
 * Falcon Crest (CBS)
 * Fireside Theatre (NBC)
 * Full House (ABC)
 * Growing Pains (ABC)
 * Have Gun – Will Travel (CBS)
 * House (FOX)
 * The Life of Riley (NBC)
 * I Love Lucy (CBS)
 * Ironside (NBC)
 * Judging Amy (CBS)
 * L.A. Law (NBC)
 * Lost (ABC)
 * The Mary Tyler Moore Show (CBS)
 * Matlock (NBC/ABC)
 * Newhart (CBS)
 * Night Court (NBC)
 * The Perry Como Show (NBC)
 * Perry Mason (CBS)
 * Primetime Live (ABC)
 * Sanford and Son (NBC)
 * Seinfeld (NBC)
 * Trapper John, M.D. (CBS)
 * Wagon Train (NBC/ABC)
 * The West Wing (NBC)
 * Who's the Boss? (ABC)

 * 5 seasons
 * Arthur Godfrey and His Friends (CBS)
 * Chicago Fire (NBC)
 * The Colgate Comedy Hour (NBC)
 * The Dean Martin Show (NBC)
 * A Different World (NBC)
 * The Dukes of Hazzard (CBS)
 * Fantasy Island (ABC)
 * The Ford Show (NBC)
 * Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. (CBS)
 * Head of the Class (ABC)
 * In the Heat of the Night (NBC)
 * JAG (CBS)
 * The Lawrence Welk Show (ABC)
 * Magnum, P.I. (CBS)
 * The Millionaire (CBS)
 * Modern Family (ABC)
 * NCIS: New Orleans (CBS)
 * Pabst Blue Ribbon Bouts (CBS)
 * Private Secretary (CBS)
 * Rawhide (CBS)
 * The Real McCoys (ABC)
 * Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In (NBC)
 * Texaco Star Theater/The Milton Berle Show/The Buick-Berle Show (NBC)
 * This Is Your Life (NBC)
 * Thursday Night Football (CBS/NBC/FOX)
 * Touched by an Angel (CBS)
 * Unsolved Mysteries (NBC)

 * 4 seasons
 * The A-Team (NBC)
 * Adam-12 (NBC)
 * Alfred Hitchcock Presents (CBS)
 * Barnaby Jones (CBS)
 * Barney Miller (ABC)
 * Becker (CBS)
 * The Blacklist (NBC)
 * The Bob Newhart Show (CBS)
 * Brothers & Sisters (ABC)
 * Candid Camera (CBS)
 * Cannon (CBS)
 * Charlie's Angels (ABC)
 * Cheyenne (ABC)
 * Chicago Med (NBC)
 * Daniel Boone (NBC)
 * December Bride (CBS)
 * The Dick Van Dyke Show (CBS)
 * The Doris Day Show (CBS)
 * The Drew Carey Show (ABC)
 * Eight Is Enough (ABC)
 * Empty Nest (NBC)
 * Extreme Makeover: Home Edition (ABC)
 * The Facts of Life (NBC)
 * The Fall Guy (ABC)
 * Family Affair (CBS)
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text:
User:Altispira

I am an author, editor and research scientist in the fields of micropaleontology, paleoclimatology and paleoceanography.

title: User:Altispira


text:
paragonare

Etymology
From Mediaeval Greek παρακονη (parakonē, "whetstone"), from, from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to compare (something)

title: paragonare


text:
C. Jean Thompson

C. Jean Thompson (born 1940) is a New Zealand statistician who was president of the New Zealand Statistical Association from 1991 to 1993.

Because she was a girl, Thompson was prevented from taking any mathematical subjects in high school until the sixth form, when she was the top of her school's physics class. At university, she wanted to study statistics, but there was no program in that subject, so she enrolled into a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics. She worked in the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in its Applied Mathematics Division. She learned statistics on the job, and used an Elliott 503, the first scientific computer in New Zealand, to perform her analyses.

As president of the NZSA, she took the opportunity of the 1993 Women's Suffrage Centenary Celebration to collect and display material about women in statistics in New Zealand that was later collected into a book, Women with Maths — Making a difference. The book tells the stories of 40 New Zealand women for whom a knowledge of statistics or mathematics had enabled a career or lifestyle.

Thompson's publications with the Applied Mathematics Division concerned topics ranging from earthquakes to horticulture. The division was eliminated in the restructuring of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in 1992. Later, she went to work for the New Zealand Council for Educational Research, where she became a co-author of several books on childhood education.

Recognition
In 2017, Thompson was selected as one of the Royal Society Te Apārangi's "150 women in 150 words", celebrating the contributions of women to knowledge in New Zealand.

title: C. Jean Thompson


text:
abot

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to arrive

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) a harvest; the yield of harvesting
 * 2) an output; the end product

Verb

 * 1) to arrive; to get to a certain place
 * 2) to reach something with the hands
 * 3) to reach a certain amount or quantity of something

Noun

 * 1)  the product; a quantity obtained by multiplication of two or more numbers
 * 2)  any operation or a result thereof which generalises multiplication of numbers, like the multiplicative operation in a ring, product of types or a categorical product

Noun

 * 1)  a horse hobble

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) heavy

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to arrive

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) within reach
 * 2)  comprehensible; graspable; understandable of something hard to understand

Noun

 * 1) reach; range; extent
 * 2) power; capacity
 * 3) offering; charity; heirloom

Adjective

 * 1) overtaken; abreast with

title: abot


text:
zymosimeter

Etymology
From, and English and.

Noun

 * 1) An instrument for ascertaining the degree of fermentation occasioned by the mixture of different liquids, and the degree of heat which they acquire in fermentation.

title: zymosimeter


text:
Wikijunior:Solar System/Earth

Earth is the planet we live on. It is the only planet in the Solar System with liquid water on its surface. It is also the only planet we know to have life on it. Earth is also known as Terra.  Earth Facts
 * The Earth is the only planet we know to have life on it (such as ourselves.)
 * There is oxygen on Earth, and oxygen is necessary for life.
 * The Earth is the third planet from the Sun.
 * The Earth is the only planet we know that has liquid water on the surface, but scientists are trying to find others.
 * The Earth's axis is tilted which is why we have four different seasons.
 * The Earth is 4.6 billion years old.
 * The Hoba meteorite in Namibia is the biggest known meteorite to crash on Earth in one piece.

How big is the Earth?
The Earth is nearly 13,000 km wide. It's the largest terrestrial planet in the Solar System.

The Earth's mass is about 5,973,700,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg. That's a lot. But it is little compared with Jupiter (319 Earths) and tiny compared with the Sun (335,789 Earths) or other stars!

What is the Earth's surface like ?
The Earth's surface is made of rock. Most of it is underwater, but not all. Islands of rock rise up out of the water. The biggest islands are called continents, of which there are seven: North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and Antarctica. The largest bodies of water are called oceans, of which there are five: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic and Antarctic or Southern.

The Earth's surface is made up of huge plates. They are like huge jigsaw pieces made of rock. These plates move very, very slowly, carrying the continents with them. They can rub beside each other, push against each other, or even move away from each other. If there are gaps between them, hot molten rock can rise up and make volcanoes. Where the plates rub or push against each other, earthquakes may happen. When two plates push each other's rock upwards, mountains are formed.

Earth has many kinds of environments. It is cold and icy in places like Antarctica. It is hot and dry in deserts like the Sahara in Africa and Death Valley in the United States. It is cold and dry in deserts like Siberia in Russia. Where it is warm and wet, rainforests grow.

Why is there life on Earth?
Wherever we have looked on Earth, we have found living things. They may be very small, like bacteria, but they are there. We have found bacteria where it is very cold, very hot, very deep, very high or very dark.

What all living things on Earth seem to need is liquid water. Wherever you can find some water, there are almost always living things there too, even if you can't see them. If we find liquid water somewhere else in the Solar System, scientists think we might find some living things there too. If we don't, there is always the rest of the universe to explore!

There is another possibility. All the living things we know need liquid water. But maybe somewhere else there are living things that don't need water. Perhaps we will need to learn how to recognize them.

What about the Earth's moon?
Earth has one moon we call... the Moon! Sometimes it is called by its name in Latin, Luna, so we don't get confused with other planets and their moons. The Moon has also been called Selene (pronounced "suh-LEE-nee") which is Greek for moon and was the name of the Greek moon goddess.

Recently we have also found some other objects that are said to go around the Earth. The largest one, called Cruithne (pronounced "cru-EE-nyuh"), is three miles wide. In fact, it orbits (goes around) the Sun in a way that makes it keep coming close to Earth.

There are various ideas about where the Moon came from (no-one was around to see it happen, after all), but the most widely held theory is that when Earth was young, a large body hit Earth and split off a section of the Earth that is now the Moon.

How long is a day on this planet?
A day on Earth is 24 hours long. That's daytime and night time. A 24 hour day is how long it takes the Earth to spin around once. On the half of the Earth that is facing the sun it is daytime and on the half of the Earth that is facing away from the sun it is nighttime.

The spin of the earth is also the reason why the sun appears to rise in the east and to set in the west. Although it looks like the sun is moving from the surface of the earth, it is really the surface of the earth that is moving. The reason we do not feel like we are spinning is because the earth is so big compared to the size of people.

Also, the Earth is tilted at about 23°, so there are times that the North or South pole is always facing or turned away from the sun. If you live at one of the poles of Earth it can be light or dark throughout the whole day!

How long is a year on this planet?
A year on Earth is about 365 and 1/4 days long. That's how long it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun once. Approximately every four years we have a leap year. A leap year contains an extra day in our calendar on February 29th in order to account for the 1/4 of a day left over each year.

What is the Earth made of?
When a planet is made of rock, we call its surface the crust. Below the Earth's crust is hot rock, some of which is molten. It is in a layer called the mantle. The hot molten rock is what comes out of volcanoes. It's then called lava.

Under the mantle is the core of the Earth. We think it is made from solid iron and nickel, surrounded by hot molten iron. The temperature there is very very hot!

The Earth's crust is very thin compared to the mantle and the core. But it is very thick to us. Nobody has drilled all the way through it yet. Even the deepest underground mines are far away from reaching its deepest base.

How much does the Earth's gravity pull on me?
It's easy to find your weight on Earth by using a scale. You have weight because the Earth's gravity pulls you towards its center. Normally, the ground or the floor get in the way, making you feel 'stuck' to them.

There are several kinds of scales:

1) Comparing of 2 masses (weights). You put the thing(s) you want to weigh on one pan (like some marbles), and then you put several "weights" on the other pan until the pointer shows that both pans have equal weights on them. Then you look at the pan with the known weights on it, and add them all up. The total is the mass of the thing(s) you want to weigh. 2) A spring balance usually has a hook on it, with a pan. You put the thing(s) you want to weigh on the pan, the spring is pulled, and the greater the weight, the further the spring is pulled. That distance, calibrated in pounds or kilogram (or whatever), is usually shown either on a dial or on a linear scale. 3) There are also electronic scales that give a properly calibrated reading—grocery stores, for example, use these.

NOTE: Gravity varies slightly depending on the location where you want to get the weight; spring balances and some electronic scales can, in theory, read slightly different weights at different places because of that, but usually in practice that difference is too small to be noticed. But, because the balance type of scales work differently from the spring or electronic types, they will always read the true, correct mass. They would even give the same mass on the Moon, where gravity is much less than on Earth.

Did you know? that Sir Isaac Newton was the first person to realize that the force pulling you down to the ground was the same force that keeps the planets going around the Sun? The story goes that he thought of this when he saw an apple fall from a tree.

Gravity is a very important force. As well as keeping you firmly stuck to the Earth, it keeps the Moon going round the Earth, The Earth going around the Sun and the Sun going around the center of the Milky Way galaxy. Gravity also makes stars and planets a nice round ball shape. In fact without gravity there wouldn't even be a Sun, Moon or Earth because the material that they are made of would just float away into space.

Who is it named after?

The word earth is used for both planet Earth and soil. Other names had been used for Earth such as Gaia, Tellus and Terra. Gaia is the Greek goddess (meaning Mother Earth) and Terra is the Roman name of the same goddess. Tellus is the Latin for "Earth", many scientific words dealing with Earth will be derived form Latin.

Next Topic: Moon

title: Wikijunior:Solar System/Earth


text:
Florida Georgia Line

Florida Georgia Line was an American country music duo founded in 2010 by vocalists and songwriters Tyler Hubbard of Georgia and Brian Kelley of Florida. Their 2012 debut single "Cruise" broke two major sales records: it was downloaded over seven million times, making it the first country song ever to receive the Diamond certification, and it became the best-selling digital country song, with 24 weeks at number one, until it was surpassed in July 2017 by Sam Hunt's "Body Like a Back Road". Their music style is described as "bro-country", which incorporates production elements from rock and hip hop music, and tends to cover subject matter such as partying, drinking, driving trucks and sexual attraction.

Florida Georgia Line was formed in 2010 in Nashville, Tennessee as a cover band. In December 2011, they signed to the Big Loud label and in 2012, they released their second EP, It'z Just What We Do, which charted on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart. They then signed with Republic Nashville, part of Big Machine Records and released Anything Goes (2014), Dig Your Roots (2016), Can't Say I Ain't Country (2019), and Life Rolls On (2021). The duo went on hiatus in 2022, ultimately resulting in a breakup, at which point both members began solo careers.

Early history
Musicians Brian Kelley and Tyler Hubbard met in 2008 at Belmont University through a campus worship group, and following graduation, decided to give themselves two years to succeed as a country duo. They moved in together and began several odd jobs to pay bills, while playing clubs on the weekends. While independent, they recorded and digitally distributed their first EP, Anything Like Me (2010). They were discovered by Nickelback producer Joey Moi at a county fair, and the three began recording in studio together. Unlike typical country music sessions, the group spent days polishing songs, which were collected on the duo's second EP, It'z Just What We Do (2012). The band modeled their sound on bands such as Nickelback, Shinedown, and Three Days Grace, while Moi aimed for each song to resemble hair metal group Def Leppard in structure. Major labels became interested when the song "Cruise" first aired on The Highway channel on Sirius XM and began selling well in the iTunes Store, leading to a deal with Republic Nashville and Big Machine Records.

2010: Anything Like Me
Florida Georgia Line's first EP, released on December 14, 2010, is a six-song EP produced with Wesley Walker. All of the songs were written by either Hubbard or Hubbard and Kelley. The EP consists of the songs "You're Country", "Now That She's Gone", "Man I Am Today", "Never Let Her Go" (co-written with "Cruise" co-writer Chase Rice), "Black Tears", and "Backwoods Beauty Queen". The song "Black Tears" was also on Jason Aldean's 2012 album Night Train.

2012–2013: It'z Just What We Do and Here's to the Good Times
The duo's second EP is a five-song EP produced by Joey Moi on Big Loud and released on May 15, 2012. It starts off with "Cruise" and also includes "Get Your Shine On", "Tip It Back", "Tell Me How You Like It", and the title track "It'z Just What We Do".

The duo's first studio album, Here's to the Good Times, was an 11-song album produced by Joey Moi on Republic Nashville and released on December 4, 2012. The pair's first full-length, Here's to the Good Times, was the sixth-best-selling album of 2013 (topping Drake and Katy Perry, among others). "Cruise", the first single, reached number one on the Country Airplay chart dated December 15, 2012. A remix of "Cruise" featuring Nelly later hit number four on the US Billboard Hot 100. In January 2014, "Cruise" became the best-selling country digital song of all time. The song spent a record 24 weeks at number one on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart, which was the longest reign in the history of the chart until July 2017 when it was surpassed by Sam Hunt's "Body Like a Back Road".

The album's second single, "Get Your Shine On", was released to country radio on January 21, 2013, and reached number one on the Country Airplay chart in May 2013. It was co-written by the duo along with Rodney Clawson and Chris Tompkins. "Round Here" was released as the album's third single on June 3, 2013, and reached number one on the Country Airplay chart in September 2013. The album's fourth single, "Stay", was released in October 2013. It was co-written and originally recorded by Black Stone Cherry, produced by Joey Moi and the music video featured Josh Henderson. It reached number one on the Hot Country Songs chart and the Country Airplay chart in December 2013.

A deluxe edition of Here's to the Good Times titled Here's to the Good Times... This Is How We Roll was released on November 25, 2013. A music video for "It'z Just What We Do" premiered on December 13, 2013, with the video being uploaded to YouTube on December 26, 2013. "This Is How We Roll", a collaboration with Luke Bryan, was released from the deluxe edition as the album's fifth and final single on February 10, 2014, and reached number one on the Hot Country Songs chart in March 2014.

In early 2013, Florida Georgia Line toured the United States as part of the Dirt Road Diaries Tour with Thompson Square and headlining act Luke Bryan. In June 2013, the album reached number one on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart. It stayed at the top spot for ten weeks.

2014–2017: Anything Goes and Dig Your Roots
The duo revealed on August 15, 2014, that their second studio album would be titled Anything Goes with a release date of October 14, 2014. The album's first single, "Dirt", was released to country radio and digital sales outlets on July 8, 2014, and became the sixth consecutive single by Florida Georgia Line to make the top five on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. "Sun Daze" was released to digital sales outlets on September 16, 2014. A week later, the album's title track, "Anything Goes", was released on September 22, 2014. Florida Georgia Line also appeared on the Hot Tours recap. "Confession" was released to country radio on November 3, 2015 as the album's final single, and reached number one on the Country Airplay chart in April 2016.

In 2016, Florida Georgia Line became the first and only country artist to receive the Digital Diamond Award, for their single "Cruise" crossing the 10× Platinum threshold.

The duo released their third studio album Dig Your Roots on August 29, 2016, featuring Tim McGraw, Ziggy Marley, and the Backstreet Boys and started their Dig Your Roots tour, with Ryan Follesé, Chris Lane, and Dustin Lynch. They collaborated with Bebe Rexha on the song "Meant to Be" for her EP, All Your Fault: Pt. 2. Along with Hank Williams Jr. and Jason Derulo, Florida Georgia Line sang "All My Rowdy Friends Are Here on Monday Night" as the theme for ESPN's Monday Night Football broadcasts in 2017.

2018–2022: Can't Say I Ain't Country, Life Rolls On, and Greatest Hits
The duo released "Simple" to country radio on June 1, 2018. Since then, they have released the preview tracks "Colorado", "Talk You Out of It", and "Sittin Pretty". "Talk You Out of It" was announced as the second single from the album, and was released to country radio on November 5, 2018. On December 11, 2018, the duo announced their fourth studio album, Can't Say I Ain't Country, which was released on February 15, 2019. On September 30, 2019, they won the Breakout Artist of the Decade award, along with Single of the Decade for their Diamond-certified 2012 hit "Cruise", and Music Event of the Decade for "Meant to Be", their 2017 collaboration with Bebe Rexha. On September 23, 2019, Blessings was released as the third single to country radio. On February 19, 2020, the duo featured on the country remix of Justin Bieber's single, "Yummy". The original song is the lead single of Bieber's fifth studio album, Changes, released five days before the remix.

On March 27, 2020, the duo released "I Love My Country", the debut single off their upcoming fifth album. The duo appeared on NBC's Songland where they premiered the track "Second Guessing". On May 22, 2020, they released the 6-Pack EP. In June 2020, they were featured on Christian music singer Chris Tomlin's "Thank You Lord" with Thomas Rhett. The track was part of Tomlin's collaboration album Chris Tomlin & Friends, which included "Forever Home", another track they were featured on. Both members of the duo were co-executive producers of the album and co-writers on many of the tracks. In September 2020, the duo released the single "Long Live". They then released the single "Lil Bit", a collaboration with Nelly from his upcoming country-influenced album Heartland, a project the duo are co-executive producers on. They were also featured on long-time friend Chase Rice's single "Drinkin' Beer. Talkin' God. Amen.". In December 2020, they announced their fifth studio album Life Rolls On, which was released on February 12, 2021, and includes "Long Live", as well as all six songs from the 6-Pack EP.

In February 2022, Hubbard and Kelley announced that they would be "taking a break" from recording music together and would be on an indefinite hiatus from touring.

In November 2022, the band released a greatest hits album.

Other ventures
The band has a brand of whiskey, "Old Camp Whiskey", promoted in their song Smooth and in their feature on Morgan Wallen's single Up Down. The two men launched Round Here Records in 2019; an independent label with Canaan Smith signed as the flagship artist.

Discography
Studio albums
 * Here's to the Good Times (2012)
 * Anything Goes (2014)
 * Dig Your Roots (2016)
 * Can't Say I Ain't Country (2019)
 * Life Rolls On (2021)

Tours
Headlining
 * Here's to the Good Times Tour (2013–2014)
 * Anything Goes Tour (2015)
 * Dig Your Roots Tour (2016)
 * Smooth Tour (2017)
 * Can't Say I Ain't Country Tour (2019)

Supporting
 * The Summer Never Ends Tour (2012) with Jake Owen
 * Dirt Road Diaries Tour (2013) with Luke Bryan
 * The Red Tour (2013) with Taylor Swift (12 shows)
 * Burn It Down Tour (2014) with Jason Aldean
 * Kick the Dust Up Tour (2015) with Luke Bryan (stadium dates only)
 * Chillaxification Tour (2020) with Kenny Chesney (stadium dates only)

title: Florida Georgia Line


text:
User:Onlyfari1982

Farrukh Mahmood

HR & Admin Services Specialist at FABCO

<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
0538713323

————————————————————

Summary

HR Specialist who goes above and beyond basic administrative tasks and takes on multiple projects at once with the objective to excel my capabilities and intellectual skills being a part of a competitive and challenging working environment with the help of excellent work ethic and strength in boosting company morale.

title: User:Onlyfari1982