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User:Stephh20/sandbox

Draft
Steph:

Lead:
Alpacas have several different components to how they behave. They depend on their body communication to get their point across when they are threatened or happy. They spit when they are in distress, fearful, or to show dominance. Male alpacas tend to behave more aggressively than female alpacas because they want to have full dominance of their herd group.

Diet
Alpacas chew their food which ends up being mixed with their cud and saliva and then they swallow it. They bring up the cud and chew it while they are resting. They end up spending a third of their day just looking and collecting their food. Alpacas usually eat 1.5% of its body weight for normal growth. They mainly need pasture grass, hay, or silage but some may also need supplemental energy and protein foods. Pasture grass is a great source of protein. When seasons change, the grass loses or gains more protein. For example in the spring, the pasture grass has about 20% protein while in the summer, it only has 6%. They need more energy supplements in the winter to produce body heat and warmth. They get their fiber from hay or from long stems which provides them with vitamin E. Green grass contains vitamin A and E.

Behavior
(added to what is already written)

Alpaca’s are not only aggressive, but they can be very gentle, intelligent, and extremely observant. For the most part, alpacas are very quiet but male alpacas are more energetic in a sense where they get involved in fighting with other alpacas. When they prey, they are cautious but also nervous when they feel any type of threat. They can feel threatened when another alpaca or even a person come up from behind.

Alpacas are all about personal space and they set their own boundaries within their families and groups. They make a hierarchy in some sense and each alpaca is smart enough to know who dominates in each group. Body language is the key to their communication. It helps to maintain their order and keep an environment that they all want to live in. One example of  their body communication includes a pose named broadside where their ears are pulled back and they stand sideways which  is used when male alpacas are defending their territory.

When they are born, they are taught to follow larger objects and to sit near or under the large objects for example a baby alpaca with its mother. This can also be applied to when an alpaca passes by any other older alpaca.

Spitting
(added to what is already written)

Alpacas can spit for several reasons. A female alpaca spits when she knows shes not interested in a male alpaca. Both genders of alpaca keep others away from their food or anything they have their eyes on. Spitting can also happen when an alpaca is trying to warn any threats away. But there are also those alpacas that will spit just to spit whenever they feel like it. Most give a slight warning before they just go ahead and spit. They basically blow air out and raise their heads where it looks like their ears are pinned and make a little noise then there comes the saliva.

Alpacas can spit out to ten feet if they need to, for example if the other animal does not back off then it will throw up its stomach insides resulting in a lot of spit. Alpacas, themselves, actually do not like the taste of their food so they just leave their mouths wide open until it’s all gone.

A couple signs of stress which can lead to their spitting habits include: humming, a wrinkle under their eye, drooling, rapid breathing, and stomping their feet. When an alpaca is showing any sign of interest or alertness, they tend to sniff their surroundings, watches closely, and they even just stand quietly and stare.

When it comes to reproduction, they spit because it is a response triggered by the progesterone levels being increased which is associated with the ovulation.

Hygiene
(added before what is already written)

Alpacas are in general very organized and neat. When they go to the bathroom they usually designate one place, even if they need to walk farther away. They use a communal dung pile. Their waste is collected and used as garden fertilizer or even natural fertilizer.

Another factor that goes into alpaca hygiene is their tooth care. When observing the teeth of an alpaca, it is a good way to tell if they have a healthy digestive system. Alpacas have their full set of adult teeth by the age of six. Male alpacas have 32 teeth and female alpacas have 30 teeth. Males have those extra two teeth because they are called their fighting teeth and female alpacas do not have those unless they are rare species. Alpacas have six lower incisors which help them bite off plants to chew. They do not have any upper incisors, but their mouths are lined up perfectly so that they have the ability to eat grass, hay, and plants.

There are warning signs to when an alpaca may have dental hygiene problems. One way to tell is if they take a while to chew their grass or hay or when they are eating, they continue to spill all their food and not keep it in their mouths. Another sign can be the poor body condition and if their cheeks are pushed in.

Sound
(added after what is already written)

Alpacas have several sets of sounds they make to communicate what they are thinking or feeling with each other.
 * Humming: When alpacas are born, the mother and its child hum constantly. They also hum as a sign of distress especially when they are separated from their herd. A couple other ways alpacas will hum is if they are curious, happy, worried or cautious.
 * Snorting: Alpacas snort when another alpaca is invading their space.
 * Grumbling: Alpacas grumble when they are warning something for example when one has gotten into their space and coming to close. It sounds like they are gurgling.
 * Clucking: Similar to a hen’s cluck, alpacas cluck when a mother is concerned for her cria or when they are content.
 * Screaming: Their screams are extremely deafening and loud. They will scream when they are not handled right or when they are being attacked by a potential enemy.
 * Screeching: This sound is typically used by a male alpaca when they are in a fight over who will dominate. When female screeches, it is more of a growl when they are angry.
 * Alarm call: Alpacas will make a loud alarming sound when something unusual is happening or when one is trying to enter their space.
 * Orgling: This sound is made when alpacas are mating.

Reproduction
(added after the second paragraph under this section)

Alpacas can breed at any time but it is more difficult to breed in the winter. Most breed during Autumn or late Spring. Females mate based on their weight and age but since owners cannot necessarily weigh their alpacas, they breed when they are a year old. The most popular way to have alpacas mate is pen mating.. Pen mating is when they grab both the female and the desired male into a pen. Another way is paddock mating where one male alpaca is let loose in the paddock with several female alpacas.

In some countries, they usually do not mate until they approach the age of 2 years old. Alpacas, unlike other animals, do not have a menstrual or a seasonal cycle. They just have these induced ovulators which means that the eggs are released in reaction to mating.

Most pregnancies are implanted in the left uterine horn. This makes it so that the embryos must travel from the right to the left uterine horn. Rejection of the male Is a good sign that there is a chance of pregnancy. There is not any external body appearance that shows a woman alpaca pregnant. Karimah:

Lifestyle and Habitat
Alpacas can be found all over South America. Since they are currently domesticated,  they are no longer living anywhere in the wild. They typically live in temperate conditions in the mountains with high altitudes,  but after people started to take them in as pets they adapted to any climate and area. A prime example of this adaptation is the fact that they were used to living high up in the mountains with cooler weather but now they are living in places where it it hot and dry.

They are easy to care for since they are not limited to a specific type of environment. Animals such as,  flamingos, condors, spectacled bears, mountain lions, coyotes, llamas, and sheep live near this amazing animal when they are in their natural habitat. People who own Alpacas tend to keep them in herds along side sheep. The main reason why Alpacas and sheep are kept together is so the alpacas can protect the sheep when they are eating grass throughout the day. It is interesting how the alpacas chase the predators away to insure the sheep’s safety.

Today most alpacas are kept on farms for their fiber.Since they are friendly and easy to maintain, statistics have shown an incline in the number of people taking them in as pets rather than strictly using them as a profit. Although they are kept as pets they still need a big enough area for them to roam around. They like to drink a lot of water in order to keep cool in those hot and dry weather conditions that they were not originally used to.

Population
Since alpacas are native to Peru, they currently have the largest population of alpacas in the world. About eighty-seven percent of the 3,685,516 million Alpaca population inhabits Peru. Their population declined drastically after the Spanish conquest where they invaded the Andes mountains in 1532, after they arrived they murdered 98% of these animals and also brought over diseases that killed them.

As a result of this invasion the Alpacas were forced to move higher into the mountains and ended up residing there for good. Although this invasion almost completely wiped out their population, they were rediscovered sometime during the 19th century by Europeans. After finding use for alpacas they became important to societies during the industrial revolution.

Today, alpacas can be found all over Australia. While they might not have a very large population, they do have one of the largest breeding farms. Their population was introduced when they were smuggled out of South America in order to use their fiber to contribute to the wool market in Australia. Fernando

Evolution
The family of Camelidaes first arose in Americas 40-45 million years ago during the Eocene period from the common ancestor, Protylopus. 30 million years after the Family first came to be it diverged into Camelini and Lamini, the tribes took different migratory patterns to cross into what we now know as Asia and into South America respectively. Although the Camelids became extinct in North America around 3 million years ago their cousins in the South flourished into the tribes we see today. It wasn't until 2-5 million years ago, during the Pliocene epoch that the genus Hemiauchenia of the tribe Lamini split into Peleolama and Lama, the latter would then split again into Lama and Vicugna upon migrating down to South America.

The remains of the Vicugna vicugna and Lama guanicoe have been found throughout Peru for around 12,000 years. Their domesticated counterparts, the llama and alpacas have been found mummified in the Moquegua valley in the south of Peru dating back 900 to 1000 years. Mummies found in this region have allowed for two breeds of alpacas. More precise analysis of bone and teeth of these mummies have allowed some researchers to posit that alpacas were domesticated from the Vicugna vicugna. Other research, considering the behavioral and morphological characteristics of alpacas and their wild counter parts, seem to indicate that alpacas could find their origins in Lama guanicoe as well as Vicugna vicugna, or even a hybrid of both.

Mitochondrial DNA paints a different picture for the origins of the alpaca. mtDNA research shows that alpacas are descendants of the Vicugna vicugna, not of the Lama guanicoe. Even leading to movements for the alpaca to be reclassified to Vicugna pacos.

Breeds
Alpacas come in two breeds Suri and Huacaya. For alpacas, breeds don't represent conventional, or European classifications, for breeds. Instead of taking into account a stud book or registry, alpacas are classified by their fibers. Even back to the earliest found alpacas these distinctions in fibers can be isolated at fleece diameter at 23.6 um and 17.9 um. Presently however these fibers are more on the order of 31.2 um and 26.8 um.

Huacaya alpacas have a denser fleece than their Suri counter parts. They are also the most common kind of alpaca found, about 90% of the population. The Huacaya alpaca is thought to have originated in post-colonial Peru. This is due to their thicker fleece which makes them more suited to survive in the higher altitudes of the Andes after being pushed into the highlands of Peru when conquistadors began taking over.

Suri alpacas represent a smaller portion of the total alpaca population, around 10%, since their fleece is longer and less dense. They are thought to have been more prevalent in pre-Columbian Peru since they could be kept at a lower altitude where a thicker fleece not needed for extenuating weather conditions.

Cultural presence
Alpacas are closely tied to cultural practices for Andeans people. Prior to colonization the image of the alpaca was used in rituals and in their religious practices. Since the people in the region depended heavily on these animals for their sustenance, the alpaca was seen as a gift from Pachamama. Alpacas being used for their meat, fibers for clothing, and art, and their images in the form of conopas.

Conopas take their appearance from the Suri alpacas, with long locks flanking its sides and bangs covering the eyes, and a depression on the back. This depression is used in ritual practices, usually filled with coca leaves and fat from alpacas and lamas, to bring fertility and luck. While they’re use was prevalent before colonization, the attempts to convert the Andeans people to Catholicism lead to the acquisition of more than 3,400 conopas in Lima alone.

The origin of alpaca is depicted in legend that says they came to be in the world after a goddess fell in love with a man. The goddess’ father only allowed her to be with her lover if he cared for her herd of alpacas. On top of caring for the herd he was to always carry a small animal for his entire life. As she come into our world the alpacas followed her. Everything was fine until the man set the small animal down and the goddess fled back to her home. On her way back home, the man attempted to stop her and her herd from fleeing. While he was not able to stop her from returning he was able to stop a few alpacas from returning. These alpacas who didn’t make it back are seen today in the swampy lands in the Andes waiting for the end of world, so they may return to their goddess.

Original Article
Alpaca

What's already there:

 * 1) Word count: 2270
 * 2) Contents:
 * 3) * Background
 * 4) * Behavior
 * 5) ** spitting, hygiene, sounds, reproduction
 * 6) * Diet
 * 7) ** digestion, poisonous plants
 * 8) * History of scientific name
 * 9) * Fiber
 * 10) * Prices
 * 11) * Livestock
 * 12) * See Also, References, External Links
 * 13) Sources: 14

Proposed to look like:
New Table of Contents:
 * Background
 * include evolution and taxonomy
 * Behavior
 * spitting, hygiene, sounds, reproduction, *adding possibly lifestyle
 * Population and distrubution
 * Habitat
 * Scientific classification (build on whats already been written)
 * Fiber
 * Prices
 * Livestock
 * In culture

Splitting up the work:
each 600-900 words

Stephanie- Work on finding more information on the behavior(all those sub headings too) of alpacas and build onto what has already been written

Karimah- Researcher- habitat and population, lifestyle

Fernando- Researcher and Wikipedia expert- diet  and scientific classification, evolution and taxonomy

Annotated Bibliography
Steph:
 * 1) Bennett, Marty McGee. (2010). CAMELIDynamics: Understanding Male Behavior in the Alpaca. Alpaca Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.camelidynamics.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/HER10Undertandmalebehav.pdf.

I thought this article would be helpful for our Wikipedia project because I am writing under the topic of behavior. Although it is only a male behavior article, its a good start to begin adding more information to the Wikipedia article on alpacas.

2. Paul, Elizabeth. (2007). Alpaca Behaviour. Alpacas Australia, No. 52. Retrieved from https://www.alpacaconsultingusa.com/library/AA_AlpacaBehaviour.pdf.

This article has different breeds of alpacas and their behaviors. This can help with our behavior section because it goes into detail about some alpaca breeds and it will help me write more on the different behaviors

3. Irlbeck, N. A. (2016). Basics of Alpaca Nutrition. Retrieved November 02, 2017, from http://www.alpacaresearch.org/library/library-viewer?article_id=2503.

For this article, it has a goos amount of information that will help my colleagues and I write more in depth about nutrition and behavior.

4. Pet Partners. (December 2016). Llama- Alpaca Behavior Packet. Pet Partners, No. 2. Retrieved from https://petpartners.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Llama-Alpaca-Behavior-Packet.pdf.

I really liked this source because it went into several details on the behavior and reactions alpacas have.

5. Australian Alpaca Association. (2008). Alpaca Mating Fact Sheet, No. 2. Retrieved http://www.aaanswalpaca.com.au/pdf/AAAMatingFactSheet26Sep13A.pdf.

This is another fact sheet that includes information on reproduction. It will help me with writing on the reproduction.

6. Alpaca Communication. (2010, February 26). Retrieved November 03, 2017, from https://alpacas.wordpress.com/alpaca-communication/

This website gives me more information on the sounds alpacas make and why.

7. Dental Hygiene. (n.d.). Retrieved November 03, 2017, from http://www.alpacasbythesea.com/pages/dental.html

I got more information on alpaca hygiene but specifically their dental hygiene which I thought was very interesting.

8. Article Library. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2017, from http://www.badmintonfeeds.co.uk/advice:4.htm

This is a good source because it was from a feeding association written by a professional in that field of work.

9. Irlbeck, N. A., Dr. (2016). Basics of Alpaca Nutrition. Retrieved from http://www.alpacaresearch.org/library/library-viewer?article_id=2503

This article had a good amount of information like the previous articles but was from a research library.

10. An Overview of Alpaca Diet, Nutrition & Care. (2014, December 8). Retrieved November 14, 2017, from http://ecolonomics.org/an-overview-of-alpaca-diet-nutrition-care/

For this website, it was about alpaca nutrition and it is a good source because its a good overview on what the topic is about.

11. Alpacas International Ltd. Retrieved November 14, 2017, from http://www.alpacasinternational.net/alpaca_information.htm#9

12. Lund, Kirrin E, et al. “Gradual Training of Alpacas to the Confinement of Metabolism Pens Reduces Stress When Normal Excretion Behavior Is Accommodated.” The ILAR Journal, The ILAR Journal, nas-sites.org/ilarjournal/previous-issues/neurobiology-of-addictive-behaviors/gradual-training-of-alpacas-to-the-confinement-of-metabolism-pens-reduces-stress-when-normal-excretion-behavior-is-accommodated/.

13. Alpaca - Lama pacos - Details.” Encyclopedia of Life, EOL, eol.org/pages/309015/details.

14. Mating & Pregnancy.” The Alpaca Place, The Alpaca Place, www.thealpacaplace.co.nz/articles/breeding-and-reproduction/mating-pregnancy/.

15. Castillo-Ruiz, Alexandra. “Lama pacos (Alpaca).” Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan, animaldiversity.org/accounts/Lama_pacos/.

Fernando

1.    Merrell, J., & Merrell, S. (2017). The ancient history of alpacas. Retrieved from  http://www.gatewayalpacas.com/alpacas/history-of-alpacas/alpacas-history.htm

Provides historical context for the history of domestication and pre-Colombian alpacas

2.    Merrell, J., & Merrell, S. (2017). Andean camelids. Retrieved from  http://www.gatewayalpacas.com/alpacas/history-of-alpacas/andean-camelids.htm

Physical description and taxonomy of alpacas and other camelids

3.    Merrell, J., & Merrell, S. (2017). Conopas. Retrieved from  http://www.gatewayalpacas.com/alpacas/history-of-alpacas/conopas.htm

Descriptions of religious iconography of alpacas for indigenous peoples of ancient Andean peoples

4.    Merrell, J., & Merrell, S. (2017). Huacaya alpacas. Retrieved from  http://www.gatewayalpacas.com/alpacas/the-breed/huacaya.htm

Information about the Huacaya breed of alpacas

5.    Merrell, J., & Merrell, S. (2017). Prehistoric camelids. Retrieved from  http://www.gatewayalpacas.com/alpacas/history-of-alpacas/prehistory.htm

Prehistoric information about the ancestors of modern day camelids

6.    Merrell, J., & Merrell, S. (2017). Suri alpacas. Retrieved from  http://www.gatewayalpacas.com/alpacas/the-breed/huacaya.htm

Information about the Suri breed of alpacas

7.    Reyna, J. (2005, July 2005). The origin and evolution of the south american camelids. New Zealand Alpaca Association Magazine, 3, 25-29.

Archaeozoological analysis of the modern day camelids. Historical account of how they arrived in the americas

8.    Vaughan, J. L. (2001). ''Control of ovarian follicular growth in alpaca, lama pacos. ''(Unpublished PhD). Central Queensland University, Queensland.

Evolutionary information found in the top portion of this thesis, the rest is too nuanced for including in the Wikipedia article

9.    Wheeler, J. (2003). Evolition and origin of the domesttic camelids. IRL Report, 8(2)

More evolutionary information and explanation of how the alpaca, and other camelids come to be.

10.  Wheeler, J. (2012). South american camelids - past, present and future.  Journal of Camelid Science,  5, 1-24.

History of alpacas and other camelids in South America

Karimah:

The Alpaca  Vicugna pacos Loveable pet or delicious dish? (n.d.). Retrieved November 01, 2017. http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2012/sanderfo_ange/habitat.htm

I chose this website because it is a credible source since it is ending in edu. I am writing about the habitat of alpacas and this site gives me a good amount of information to start off my topic.

Castillo-Ruiz, A. (n.d.). Lama pacos (alpaca). Retrieved November 01, 2017. http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Lama_pacos/.

This site has tons of information that will be beneficial to everyone in the group.

Alpaca. (2017, September 26). Retrieved November 01, 2017. https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/alpaca.

This site has a good amount of information on the reproduction and development of alpacas.

Alpaca – Vicugna pacos. (n.d.). Retrieved November 01, 2017. http://www.facts-about.info/alpaca/.

Alpacas are originally from peru, However they can be found almost anywhere in South America. Alpacas typically live in warmer and wet areas but since people take them in as pets they tend to adjust to any climate.

.

Introduction:
So far, we have analyzed a couple articles that fit into our genre study. Each of these articles have different information but they all have the same style and formatting. The articles I chose were on animals, but specifically, mammals. When looking at an article, it is a good idea to look for the following criteria: lead section, how it well it was written, the subject matter and its details, neutral point of view, the research or citations, any media, and the overall length.

Content:
The content for an article on a specific mammal should contain basic information but also some extra information that keeps the reader intrigued. For animals, having information on its classification, origin, history, habitat, taxonomy and physical characteristics are considered to be the basic information. The content should never leave out any major facts so the article can have all the pieces of information the reader may want. Some more information to add into the article about mammals would be the eating habits, diets, any hunting information, and if there is an issue with extinction then it would be written in the article as well. When writing a lead section, its important to include these basic facts because that is the first part of the article that people will view. Depending on how much is written on the article, determines the length of the lead section but it is usually between one to three paragraphs. Lead sections for writing an animal article should include where they are found, their physical appearance for example size and weight, and then give explanation or reinforcement that the article is notable. Another important instruction to keep in mind, is that the article and lead should be written in a neutral point of view, meaning that being biased should not be shown anywhere. After the lead section, the article begins with more explanation and detail of what was said in the lead. Articles should be divided in sections to keep it organized and help the reader navigate through the reading easily. One example, in the Polar Bear article on Wikipedia, it has about 9 sections but also has sub sections in each main section which helps with clarifying and giving more detail. After writing each paragraph or maybe every two paragraphs, make sure to do a spell and grammar check to make sure everything is flowing correctly.

Citations:
The best way to write a good article is to research and understand the information or facts you are going to write about. After you have researched, you need to make sure you have cited everything because if not, it could affect Wikipedia itself and your article loses its credibility. Citations are very important on Wikipedia. Anything that gets published on Wikipedia has to have reliable, published sources. There are several ways to cite but the main ones are typical citations that go in the bibliography, in text citations, and reference sources which can be a long list. The sources used for animal articles would consist of mainly books or magazines on the animal of choice. Books are very reliable sources especially for an article on an animal because animals are such a broad topic that there is so much information already on them. Magazines can help with current information on the animals and their living situations. Magazines can also include data that can help with giving more information to the article. Also, when placing pictures on the article, make sure to cite them all. In the articles I looked at, they had sources that were just picture books and it helped with finding pictures to place in the article.

Length:
The length of the article should depend if the animal is known or not. For example, the article on New Forest Pony, is very short compared to the Polar Bear article because not much is known about that specific animal. As long as an article contains the information without going into unnecessary detail then it can be any length. To have an exact number of how many words you need, it depends on what the article is about. If it is a new or unknown animal, it will most likely have between 1000-3000 words but if it is a known animal and there is a lot of research on it then it could consist of 7000-10,000 words.

Design Elements:
Design elements are crucial to getting the reader to want to keep reading. This includes using info boxes, which should be pictured specifically next to the lead section or also anywhere else needed in the article. An info box for an article on an animal should contain basic facts like the origins, characteristics, scientific classification, and a picture. It all depends on the animal though, because different animals may have more information that can be used in those info boxes. It is also smart to place in pictures and videos. Using pictures can help give the article more life and using videos can help with giving the reader something to view in case they need to understand something a little bit more.

Lead Section: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berm
A berm is a level space, shelf, or raised barrier separating two areas. It can serve as a border barrier. The word berm originates in the Middle Dutch and German berme and came into usage in English via French.

A berm is a level space, shelf, or raised barrier separating two areas. It can serve as a border barrier or to be used as a separation barrier. An example can be the Great Wall of China. The word berm originates in the Middle Dutch and German berme and came into usage in English via French. . A berm would be used as defense from the enemies or from intruders. It is a wall or a strip that can be used in many different ways to act as a blockade. Another one of its uses is to control erosion and reduce the water velocity on soil. In a modern sense, a berm can also be used on a highway as a noise barrier. Overall, it is used as some kind of barrier to prevent certain aspects from entering depending on where it is. It is used to control certain situations, for example from an oil spill, the barrier can help clean up.

title: User:Stephh20/sandbox


text:
drunk dial

Verb

 * 1)  To make a telephone call in an inebriated state against better judgement, typically to a close or former friend.
 * My ex keeps harassing me, drunk dialing every other night.

Related terms

 * drunk text

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: drunk dial


text:
Emman Nimedez

Emmanuel Luis Dolores Nimedez (April 3, 1999 – August 16, 2020), also known as Emman Nimedez or Emman, was a Filipino YouTuber, director, singer, actor, and filmmaker known for his short film, covers, and parody videos. He also appeared in showbiz in the ABS-CBN sitcom Luv U with Jairus Aquino and Michelle Vito.

Nimedez started making YouTube videos in 2011 and rose to fame in 2017 for his parody of Korean dramas that went viral online. The last video he was able to produce was a lyrics video of his song "Uuwian".

Death
Nimedez was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia on May 17, 2020, and underwent chemotherapy until August 12, 2020.

On August 13, 2020, Nimedez was rushed to the Intensive Care Unit at St. Luke's Medical Center – Quezon City due to kidney failure and blood complications and was in critical condition. After three days of battling a critical and unstable condition, on August 16, Nimedez died battling leukemia, at the age of 21. He was buried on August 22, 2020, at Himlayang Pilipino Cemetery, Pasong Tamo, Quezon City. His father, Louie Nimedez, and fellow YouTuber Cong TV gave their eulogies during his funeral.

Tribute
On October 11, 2020, Nimedez and fellow YouTuber Lloyd Cadena (who died on September 4) were honored by Raiza Contawi in the Philippine segment of YouTube FanFest 2020.

title: Emman Nimedez


text:
Who Here Knows Who Took My Clothes?

Who Here Knows Who Took My Clothes? is an illustrated children's picture book written by Tom DeLonge of Blink-182, and illustrated by Ryan Jones. The book was released on November 30, 2018, through DeLonge's own To the Stars publishing company. Who Here Knows Who Took My Clothes? is DeLonge's second children's book, following 2013's The Lonely Astronaut On Christmas Eve illustrated by Mike Henry.

Background
Who Here Knows Who Took My Clothes? was written before DeLonge's first children's book The Lonely Astronaut On Christmas Eve from 2013, but he lost his draft of the book. He was able to revive the project after a family member found a draft in an old journal of his. DeLonge enjoys writing children's books because the elements of poetry and rhyming schemes are similar to songwriting.

Synopsis
While taking a bath, a man's clothes are stolen by an unknown and unseen thief. The man then wanders naked around his home, neighborhood and town on a quest to answer the question, "who here knows who took my clothes?". The quest ends in a cave where he finds his clothes and the giggling monster who took them.

Other media
First editions of Who Here Knows Who Took My Clothes? ordered directly through To the Stars included a limited-edition 7" flexi disc audiobook narrated by Tom DeLonge. After the first edition quickly sold out, To the Stars released an animated version of Who Here Knows Who Took My Clothes? on YouTube in 2019, which features the artwork of Ryan Jones animated by film editor Zach Passero and was also narrated by DeLonge. DeLonge met Jones through artist Gustavo Mendonca, who has worked on other To the Stars projects, and said of the collaboration: "Ryan's fun and rich artwork married perfectly with my sense of humor. Then Zach Passero and his incredible animation skills entered the picture and we wound up making something that I think is really special."

title: Who Here Knows Who Took My Clothes?


text:
Talk:David Swann

NPOV and strange accounts of firing
"There he discovered the deep connection between medicine and politics firsthand" seems a little suspect. Also, was there no sources of the 2002 incident besides the glowing testimonial on his party's website? If you Google search the string "Alberta Association of Medical Health Officers" -swann you get precisely 0 hits. Is the Association related to the Society? If you Google search "Alberta Society of Health Officers" -swann you also get 0 hits. Is there some reference to either organization before or after he was apparently involved in it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:29, 2 February 2011 (UTC) Your complaint has now been sourced. For more information check out: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2002/10/04/docfired021004.html (talk) —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:50, 16 March 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:David Swann


text:
Order-7 cubic honeycomb

In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-7 cubic honeycomb is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). With Schläfli symbol {4,3,7}, it has seven cubes {4,3} around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many cubes existing around each vertex in an order-7 triangular tiling vertex arrangement.

Related polytopes and honeycombs
It is one of a series of regular polytopes and honeycombs with cubic cells: {4,3,p}:

It is a part of a sequence of hyperbolic honeycombs with order-7 triangular tiling vertex figures, {p,3,7}.

Order-8 cubic honeycomb
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-8 cubic honeycomb a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). With Schläfli symbol {4,3,8}. It has eight cubes {4,3} around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many cubes existing around each vertex in an order-8 triangular tiling vertex arrangement.

It has a second construction as a uniform honeycomb, Schläfli symbol {4,(3,4,3)}, Coxeter diagram,, with alternating types or colors of cubic cells.

Infinite-order cubic honeycomb
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the infinite-order cubic honeycomb a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). With Schläfli symbol {4,3,∞}. It has infinitely many cubes {4,3} around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many cubes existing around each vertex in an infinite-order triangular tiling vertex arrangement.

It has a second construction as a uniform honeycomb, Schläfli symbol {4,(3,∞,3)}, Coxeter diagram,, with alternating types or colors of cubic cells.

title: Order-7 cubic honeycomb


text:
Hundstein (Salzburg Slate Alps)

The Hundstein, also High Hundstein, is a 2,117m mountain in Zell am See, in the Pinzgau region of Austria. It is the highest peak of the Salzburg Slate Alps and belongs to the subgroup of the Dienten Mountains.

The mountain is located east of Lake Zell and opposite the end of the Fusch Valley and the Großglockner High Alpine Road in the Salzach Valley.

As a group, the Hundstein, along with its neighbouring peaks Hochkasern (2,017m), Schwalbenwand (2,011m) and Gschwandtnerberg (1,612m), occupy the entire eastern half of the Dienten mountains. The main Summit itself forms the municipal boundary of Maria Alm, Zell am See, Bruck and Taxenbach.

Both the mountain, with its summit panorama of the surrounding mountains, as well as the Hundsteinsee lake (1,891 m) are very popular destinations for hiking and mountain biking in the summer. In winter, the mountain is a skiing area.

title: Hundstein (Salzburg Slate Alps)


text:
User:Chef Mohamad Dghaim

chef mohamad dghaim cooking experience since 1993. my specialty in cooking the following cuisine western, italian, english, irish, asian, indian food. chef mohamad dghaim they call me         "king of cooking"

title: User:Chef Mohamad Dghaim


text:
User:Karmafist

Blocked permanently
This user has been permanently blocked for subtle vandalism, eventually admitted. Subsequent investigation turned up a number of sockpuppets used for vandalism, or about to be used for vandalism:
 * User:Ugala
 * User:Carbonara
 * User:<IP_ADDRESS>
 * User:Amherst Bread
 * User:Broad Street

Additional users blocked for editing substantially similarly to Karmafist:
 * User:Attic Owl
 * User:People Powered

title: User:Karmafist


text:
Talk:Doorbell

Invention
about.com claims it has been invented in 1831 by Joseph Henry. Can it be considered a reliable source? Lo'oris - ロホリス 22:03, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Here's a more reliable source: — [User:Ccrrccrr|Ccrrccrr]] (talk) 15:14, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

 * There are repeated attempts from anonymous users, IP addresses traceable to an ISP called Road Runner, to change the lead to say it was invented by a French Canadian, WJ.  This appears to be vandalism. — Ccrrccrr (talk) 00:50, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

Invention prior to 1817
Mr. Collins has a door-bell in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, published c 1817. This suggests that whatever was invented in 1831 it was not the door-bell. Perhaps some advance on the doorbell can be attributed to that time, but this point should be corrected and clarified. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:53, 25 October 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)

 * I've never read Jane Austen, but the article only says that the electric doorbell was invented in 1831. There are all kinds of non-electric doorbells, many of which undoubtedly preceded Pride and Prejudice. Dcs002 (talk) 05:15, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

Unclear phrase in "Wired system"
"If the other bell is used, it will activate the other solenoid, which will strike only one bar — typically the bottom bar."

What is meant by "the other bell"? Does this refer to the button at the second door in a two-door system? Cognita 04:04, 11 December 2006 (UTC) ghiutt lol

Construction question
how do i maintain the same force on the plunger by reducin da number of coils.. any improvement in construction.. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 08:49, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Huh? But how about mentioning that if an efficient toroidal transformer was used the standby power would be way lower.  And you can buy one for about $18 from Digikey.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:00, 7 January 2008 (UTC)

What about batteries?
My own doorbell runs off battery power. I don't know how prevalent this is, but perhaps the possibility should be in the article. Algebraist 15:05, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

 * The issue of batteries to be used with doobells,has always been a matter to be reconsidered by all intending members of the educational community.the issue has always been something to ponder about.This is necessary considering the fact that a battery to be used with a doorbell will have to be recharged frequently and automatically without interupting the functioning efficiency of the doorbell. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 10:24, 9 October 2008 (UTC)

Circuit diagram
I think we can do better than a crude MS Paint style circuit diagram ... Goldfish654 (talk) 08:14, 20 June 2008 (UTC)goldfish654

 * Done. I prepared a similar SVG vector diagram with Inkscape and saved it to Wikimedia Commons on 13 November 2013. — QuicksilverT @ 16:29, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

Non-electric doorbells
Would anyone feel able to describe the history of doorbells before the advent of electricity? The only information on this page concerns electric versions, whereas I'd imagine mechanical versions have been around for centuries longer. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:10, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Those were more like door knockers, for the most part I'd imagine. Anyway there are various bells that have been used for related purposes for a long time, like Church bells, Bell Pulls, those hotel bells used to summon Bellhops, etc. You can doubtless find more in Category:Bells. I however don't imagine there's a general article on bells used to signal the arrival of a visitor at a house, although I'm sure they were used for that on farms & mansions, or really anyplace big enough for it not to trouble the neighbors. Although I imagine there were and are mechanical bells equivalent to the household electric variety we now use, which might be included in this article. However I doubt such things existed before the Victorian era, and I imagine they were more a 20th century development.

 * Mentioning that, it would be nice if this article had more of the history of doorbells, when they started to be used, when they become popular in general, etc. That's really the information I was looking for coming here. --illumi (talk) 09:06, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

 * There are people in the US right now with non-electric doorbells. You twirl a knob and a chime sounds, similar to a San Francisco cable car. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:05, 13 November 2010 (UTC)

Doorbell interrupts
Today I added a section about doorbell interrupts, which is referenced from the RapidIO page, then after I was done I decided the topic was too technical for this page, and it would be better in the Interrupt page of computer science. So I moved it there. I just left a small description at the top in the opening section. This explains the history. Brianonn (talk) 07:36, 26 January 2009 (UTC) nhrdgdh 8 b7h ffh8uhy8h 8yh b8ytgbh9y87 rh bv48uyoyhgiybgb fhfdckvfcjf bxvi kbjfsx fkdj fbjdkdbgjd ji — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:06, 6 May 2021 (UTC)

Diodes
The one part that never seems to be mentioned in articles about doorbells is the diode. If you have a chime-style doorbell, you need a diode behind the bell or the chimes will not complete the entire melody. Since this entry mentions doorbells that sound Westminster chimes, it would be useful to have a diode included somewhere in the diagram or the commentary. TaxAcc0untant (talk) 13:41, 10 July 2010 (UTC)

 * The diagram is complete for a two-chime solenoid-driven doorbell. It doesn't need a diode.  When the doorbell button is depressed, the solenoid is energized, driving the plunger in one direction to strike the first chime and simultaneously storing energy in a spring.  When the doorbell button is released, the energy stored in the spring is released, propelling the plunger in the other direction, striking the second chime.  Doorbells that play extensive melodies are wired directly to the transformer and the doorbell button is used to trigger their operation sequence.  Since electromechanical and electronic doorbells do this in different ways, it is beyond the scope of a Wikipedia article to describe them all in detail. — QuicksilverT @ 17:19, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

Invention in 1831
I found Joseph Henry's original writings about his electric bell and linked to it. He does not say he invented the electric doorbell. Around 1831 or 1832, he invented an electric wire that rang a bell. He does not indicate that he attached it to a door. On newspaperarchive.com, the earliest newspaper article to mention the phrase "electric doorbell" or "electric door bell" is from 1881 discussing an invention of an illuminated door bell by Edwin Swan of Indiana. That would be patent 237,455. On Google Books, the earliest mention is 1885 is a reference to a patent for an "electric door bell pull", patent 296,812.Kaltenmeyer (talk) 19:13, 4 October 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Doorbell


text:
User:Cdcu2019

Hello! I am a newer member of Wikipedia but have been using it for many years. I recently learned more about the workings of Wikipedia through an information science class and have decided to try being a more active contributor.

Contributions
My newest contributions are minor edits to the article for Pueblo, Colorado:

 * Updated the median home price in the introduction to reflect the most recent update from 2018.
 * Made a minor grammar edit in the Sports section.
 * Re-structured a sentence in the Government section to make it more clear which branch of government an official is serving in.

title: User:Cdcu2019


text:
Filmmaking Basics/Thumbnail Storyboard/Step by Step/aaab

Excellent Decision!
Now the first four frames are

$$\Rightarrow$$ Fae In $$\Rightarrow$$ $$\Rightarrow$$ Cut To  $$\Rightarrow$$   $$\Rightarrow$$ Dolly Out  $$\Rightarrow$$      $$\Rightarrow$$ Dolly Out Further $$\Rightarrow$$

EXTERIOR - The local movie theater - NIGHT

(1) The Young Person and Old Person stand looking at the movie poster outside the theater.

(2) Young Person: "That was a great movie..."

(3) Young Person (contined): "but I do not understand one thing."

Next Frame?
You have a choice of how you can show the poster.

 * Option A
 * With his back to the camera, the Young Person says, "That was a great movie...". Then the Young Person turns toward the Old Person and says, "but I do not understand one thing."

 * Option B
 * The Young Person says, "That was a great movie...". Then cut to the Young Person turns to the  Old Person and says, "but I do not understand one thing."

Now Decide!

 * Select either option A or B

 * If you change your mind, you can go back to the previous page.

 * Reference Material
 * All the thumbnail storyboard frames.
 * The unformatted script.
 * The original story.
 * The [[Media:SBTDS Script Ciprian2.pdf|formatted script]].
 * To start over, go back to the beginning.


text:
Category:Wikipedians interested in badminton

This user category contains links to the user pages of Wikipedians who are interested in or fans of badminton.
 * For Wikipedians who play badminton, see Category:Wikipedian badminton players.

To add your user page to this user category, place the following Wikitext on your user page.


text:
Alone (Big Country song)

"Alone" is a song by Scottish rock band Big Country, released in 1993 as the lead single from their sixth studio album The Buffalo Skinners. It was written by Stuart Adamson and produced by Big Country. "Alone" reached number 24 in the UK Singles Chart and remained in the top 100 for three weeks.

Background
The release of "Alone" as the album's first single was a band decision. Adamson told the fanzine Country Club in 1993, "I always wanted that as the first single. I wanted the first single to be a rock track and the record company were happy to go along with that."

Music video
The song's music video was directed by Roger Pomphrey and features Martin Chambers on drums.

Critical reception
Upon its release as a single, Larry Flick of Billboard commented, "Familiar traces of a Scottish accent in Adamson's strong, melodic vocal notwithstanding, the band effectively reintroduces itself on this single - and radio should welcome it back. Alternating passages of light and heavy pop are mixed with a crashing beat and blazing lead-guitar lines." In a review of The Buffalo Skinners, Neil McKay of Sunday Life described the song as "rousing and tuneful as in [Big Country's] early heyday". Dan Hyatt of the Albuquerque Journal noted: "The first song, "Alone," has all the earmarks of an anthem for the '90s, kind of a "what's my place in the world, and why" song."

Kevin Belvins of The Leader-Post noted: "The album's refreshing tone is set immediately with the frantic opening cut "Alone"." In a review of one of the band's 1993 concerts, Diana Aitchison of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch commented: "One song to watch for on the charts is "Alone," which opens with a moody staccato guitar and gels with the band's signature reeling bagpipe sound." Johnny Loftus of AllMusic described the song as "a template for the entire album", with "churning guitar and bass", an "impossibly triumphant chorus" and "rangy solo".

Track listing
Cassette single
 * 1) "Alone" – 5:08
 * 2) "Chance" (Live) – 7:28

CD single and UK 12-inch single
 * 1) "Alone" – 5:08
 * 2) "Never Take Your Place" – 4:01
 * 3) "Rockin' in the Free World" – 6:47

CD single (UK #1)
 * 1) "Alone" – 5:08
 * 2) "Rockin' in the Free World" – 6:47
 * 3) "Eastworld" – 4:39
 * 4) "Chance" (Live) – 7:28

CD single (UK #2)
 * 1) "Alone" – 5:08
 * 2) "Never Take Your Place" – 4:01
 * 3) "Winter Sky" (Live) – 4:36
 * 4) "Look Away" (Live) – 4:42

CD single (US promo)
 * 1) "Alone" (Album Version) – 5:08
 * 2) "Alone (Edit) – 4:06

Personnel
Big Country
 * Stuart Adamson – vocals, guitar
 * Bruce Watson – guitar
 * Tony Butler – bass, backing vocals

Additional musicians
 * Simon Phillips – drums

Production
 * Big Country – producers of "Alone", producers and mixing on "Never Take Your Place", "Rockin' in the Free World" and "Eastworld"
 * Mike Fraser – mixing on "Alone"
 * Chris Sheldon – recording on "Alone" and "Rockin' in the Free World"
 * Stuart Hamilton – recording on "Never Take Your Place" and "Eastworld"
 * Pete Dauncey – producer of "Chance", "Winter Sky" and "Look Away" (Live)
 * Gareth Watson – engineer on "Chance", "Winter Sky" and "Look Away" (Live)

title: Alone (Big Country song)


text:
Dichotomous Key/Coleoptera

1

 * Notopleural sutures
 * Present - (Suborder: Adephaga)
 * Not present - (Suborder: Polyphaga)

2

 * Coloration
 * Ventrally metallic/iridescent; extremely large eyes and cursorial form- ../Cicindelidae/
 * Brown, black, or uniformly metallic (some are iridescent on elytra only) - ../Carabidae/

3

 * Toothed or scalloped edge on front tibia
 * Present - ../Scarabaeidae/
 * Not present -

4

 * Abdomen adapted to produce light
 * Yes - ../Lampyridae/
 * No -

5

 * Makes a clicking sound when escaping or flipping over
 * Yes - ../Elateridae/
 * No -

6

 * Antennae clubbed
 * Yes - either Bostrichidae or Nitidulidae
 * No -

7

 * Head visible
 * No, covered by pronotum - ../Coccinellidae/
 * Yes -

8

 * Antennae arise from middle of snout
 * Yes - ../Curculionidae/
 * No -

9
Could be Buprestidae, Cantharidae, Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Scolytidae

title: Dichotomous Key/Coleoptera


text:
Talk:Slow sand filter

Quick correction
Sand filters aren't unique in utilizing microorganisms; pretty much all water filtration processes do. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:22, 14 September 2009 (UTC)

Slow sand filters *are* unique in having biological action. Rapid gravity filters *do not* have any significant biological activity. Manganese removal filters *do not* have any significant biological activity. Waste water filters fall into a different category. Denitrifying sand filters do have significant biological activity, and are clean water treatment, but are not really designed for filtration - they are designed to provide a media for the biofilm. Slow sand filters have the double action of filtration and biological activity. Bendel boy (talk) 13:22, 14 September 2009 (UTC)

Merge proposal from Sand filter
A Slow sand filter is a very different technology from most other sand filters. Slow sand filters use biological processes to treat water, rapid gravity and upward flow sand filters using physical properties. I would therefore oppose the merge but would suggest instead a re-working of Sand filter to omit Slow sand filter and concentrate on true sand filters Velela (talk) 13:16, 15 March 2009 (UTC)
 * On second thoughts it might simply be better to make Sand filter into a disambig page since all the text is already included in Rapid sand filter. Velela (talk) 13:56, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

I have made some mods to "sand filter" and leave the useful links to the examples. I will do a little more work when I have the time! (Unsigned comment)

There are several issues here. From a scientific point of view, slow sand filters (according to the description) are not filters operating by filtration, but biological digesters, supporting microbes with sand as a substrate. From a social use point of view, sand filters have nothing to do with international development - they are simply a process technology, and can be used anywhere, depending upon the practical considerations. I would also therefore oppose the merge; the information might be better classed under the umbrella of "Water_treatment" and linked from there. Wikiwayman (talk) 09:57, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

I oppose the merge. Slow sand filters are a subcategory of sand filters and so merging the 'sand filter' entry into this article would be technically incorrect. The heirarchy should be sand filters at the top, followed by subcategories including recirculating sand filters, slow sand filters, etc.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:15, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

I too (strongly) oppose this merge. Some of the points below have already been made, but this merge is completely off-beat. It really doesn't make any sense to merge these filtration methods, simply because they all use sand somewhere in the filtration process. I my opinion the important arguments against the merge are: KCN nontoxic (talk) 19:14, 26 July 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Slow sand filters utilize biological processes to remove unwanted nutrients from the water. It is true that some mechanical filtration will occur in the filter bed, but this is actually an unwanted side-effect of the passage of non-potable water through the filter medium. Optimally, there should be several settling ponds before leading any water to the slow sand filter. The exact purpose of the settling ponds is to reduce the mechanical filtration acting in the filter as much as possible, since any mechanical filtration leads to eventual and premature clogging of the sand medium. By far, most of the filtration process takes place in the top layer (schmutzdecke/sludge). The sand below is essentially a backup for the effectiveness of the schmutzdecke and a support medium for the sludge and the overhead water.
 * 2) Slow sand filters do not use flocculation chemicals, whereby the water being led to the filter and the sludge produced from slow sand filters are of a completely different category, with completely different handling options.
 * 3) In relation to developing world issues, the slow sand filtration method has the benefit of being simple, cheap, effective, easy to install, easy to understand, easy to optimize during a running operation. It is important to point out, that an operational slow sand filter demands a lot of surface area (more filters being run at the same time, to allow for scraping and washing of old sandbeds, maintenance of pipe gallery etc.). Moreover, some manual labour is also needed in the maintenance and optimization of an operational slow sand filter (using heavy machinery is possible, but really, in a developing world setting, it would make more sense to use more hands, than more machinery). An optimized slow sand water filtration plant would be designed with gravity flow in mind, to reduce needed pumping power as much as possible. In stark contrast the two mechanical filtration processes demand a somewhat more developed infrastructure in a more dense utilization of surface area at the water filtration plant. Also critical is delivery of chemical agents, sludge disposal, presumable micro-pore cylinder operation etc. All of which is based of ample and reliable power supply to pressure pumps and what-nots.
 * 4) In relation to the Wiki project, it might be wise to look into differences for urban and rural needs. For instance slow sand filters are actually to this day still being used in the water supply for London, U.K., and in a developing world setting, I believe the slow sand filter to be a superior method than any other - especially in rural settings, where cheap land is available for a properly planned water filtration plant along with plenty of experienced manual labour.

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title: Talk:Slow sand filter


text:
Talk:Dean Rioli

POV
The content added in the last couple of edits by may not conform to NPOV, and needs to be rewritten or removed. Celticshk Talk 06:27, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

This article is complete rubbish. Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 10:48, 17 January 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Dean Rioli


text:
Hannes Neuner

Hannes Neuner (27 August 1906 – 25 April 1978) was a German painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

title: Hannes Neuner


text:
Talk:one at a time

one at a time
This is a contribution of mine, but User:Algrif has suggested it might be better off merged with at a time, as it is an example of that phrase. It's possible that it deserves special treatment, as the idiomatic expressions "one day at a time" and "one step at a time" are derived from it. However, if the consensus is that there is nothing special about "one at a time", the content can be moved into "at a time". I would however suggest that a link should remain from "one at a time" if the content is moved. — Paul G 09:56, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I'd think that if anything, the existence of one day at a time and one step at a time supports the notion that one at a time is nothing but an instance of the more general __ at a time. —RuakhTALK 16:48, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Although I suggested this merger to Paul G, I am not 100% sure. There could be a case for an emphatic meaning of slowly and carefully. E.g. He read through the document turning the pages one at a time, making sure he missed nothing. The same meaning is also acheived with one by one. We know anyone would read every page an important document, but this expression emphasises the care and attention. Then again, is this nothing more than a literary device? On the whole, I still go for a merger, but I would like to hear more opinions. Algrif 17:28, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Excellent point! Keep. DAVilla 18:17, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Rebuttal
One at a time doesn't mean slowly so much as it implies it. In the example above, turning pages one at a time clearly refer to [[one]] [[at a time]]. Usually this would be slowly but it's not impossible to do something quickly and one at a time. Also it can work with any number, two at a time, three at a time. one million five hundred and sixty one at a time is unlikely to be attestable, but if it is attestable, in linguistic terms it's comparable to this. Mglovesfun (talk) 15:12, 21 April 2012 (UTC)

 * It says "figuratively". Not sure what sort of figure of speech would say "one at a time" and not mean literally one at a time, though. Equinox ◑ 15:14, 21 April 2012 (UTC)

RFV discussion: May–June 2017
Rfv-sense "slowly or methodically".__Gamren (talk) 15:02, 6 May 2017 (UTC) RFV-failed Kiwima (talk) 04:00, 10 June 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:one at a time


text:
hydroxamate

Noun

 * 1)  A hydroxylamine compound containing a CONOH group, often serving as chelating agents.

title: hydroxamate


text:
Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020

Malta originally planned to participate in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 with the song "All of My Love" written by Bernarda Brunović, Borislav Milanov, Sebastian Arman, Dag Lundberg, Joacim Persson and Cesár Sampson. The song was performed by Destiny, who had previously represented Malta at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest in the 2015 edition where she achieved first place with the song "Not My Soul". Songwriter Cesár Sampson previously represented Austria at the Eurovision Song Contest in the 2018 edition where he achieved third place with the song "Nobody but You". The Maltese entry for the 2020 contest in Rotterdam, Netherlands, was selected through the second season of the music competition X Factor Malta, organised by the Maltese broadcaster Public Broadcasting Services (PBS). The competition concluded with a final on 8 February 2020 where Destiny eventually emerged as the winner. The song Destiny would perform at the Eurovision Song Contest, "All of My Love", was internally selected and was released to the public on 9 March.

Malta was drawn to compete in the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which was to take place on 12 May 2020. However, the contest was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background
Prior to the 2020 Contest, Malta had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest thirty-two times since its first entry in 1971. Malta briefly competed in the Eurovision Song Contest in the 1970s before withdrawing for sixteen years. The country had, to this point, competed in every contest since returning in 1991. Malta's best placing in the contest thus far was second, which it achieved on two occasions: in 2002 with the song "7th Wonder" performed by Ira Losco and in the 2005 contest with the song "Angel" performed by Chiara. In the 2019 edition, Malta qualified to the final and placed 14th with the song "Chameleon" performed by Michela Pace.

For the 2020 Contest, the Maltese national broadcaster, Public Broadcasting Services (PBS), broadcast the event within Malta and organised the selection process for the nation's entry. PBS confirmed their intentions to participate at it on 25 September 2019. In 2019, PBS utilised the newly created talent show format X Factor Malta, a method that was continued for their 2020 participation, which resulted in the selection of a winning performer that would subsequently be given an internally selected song to perform at Eurovision.

X Factor Malta
The Maltese artist for the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 was selected through the second season of X Factor Malta, the Maltese version of the British television reality music competition The X Factor created by Simon Cowell. The second season premiered on 6 October 2019 and concluded with a final on 8 February 2020. In addition to selecting the Maltese Eurovision entrant, the winner also secured a record contract with Sony Music Italy. All shows in the competition were hosted by actor Ben Camille and broadcast on Television Malta (TVM) as well on the broadcaster's website tvm.com.mt.

Selection process
Acts of 15 years of age and over were able to submit their applications starting from 20 January 2019 by WhatsApp messaging a video audition. The chosen auditionees as determined by the show's producers to progress through the selection process were invited to the last set of auditions that took place in front of the judges between 24 and 27 June 2019 at the Esplora Interactive Science Centre in Kalkara. The four judges were:

 * Ira Losco – Singer-songwriter, represented Malta at the Eurovision Song Contest in the 2002 and 2016 editions
 * Howard Keith Debono – Music producer
 * Ray Mercieca – Singer-songwriter and musician, lead singer of the band The Rifffs
 * Alexandra Alden – Singer-songwriter

120 contestants were selected by the judges to progress to the bootcamp round, which they were split into the four category groups - Boys, Girls, Overs and Groups, and were given one song to sing a cappella. 30 acts were eliminated and the remaining 90 acts each selected a song from the Wall of Songs, which they had to perform with three others who had selected the same song. In the final challenge, the remaining acts, including newly formed groups, performed a song of their own choice and the judges selected a total of 37 acts to go through to the Six Chair Challenge filmed at the Malta Fairs & Conventions Centre in Attard on 20 and 21 September 2019. 24 acts advanced to the Judges' Houses, broadcast on 22 and 29 December 2019, during which the four judges eliminated 3 acts from each category with a total of 12 acts advancing to the live shows.

Live shows
Key:
 * – Winner
 * – Runner-up
 * – Third Place

Song selection
On 9 March 2020, PBS announced that Destiny would perform the song "All of My Love" at the Eurovision Song Contest 2020. "All of My Love" was written by members of the songwriting team Symphonix International: Bernarda Brunović, Borislav Milanov, Sebastian Arman, Dag Lundberg, Joacim Persson and former Eurovision entrant Cesár Sampson who represented Austria in the 2018 contest. The release of the song and official music video was made available online on the broadcaster's website tvm.com.mt and the official Eurovision Song Contest's YouTube channel.

At Eurovision
According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Five" (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top ten countries from each semi-final progress to the final. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) split up the competing countries into six different pots based on voting patterns from previous contests, with countries with favourable voting histories put into the same pot. On 28 January 2020, an allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals, as well as which half of the show they would perform in. Malta was placed into the first semi-final, to be held on 12 May 2020, and was scheduled to perform in the second half of the show. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the contest was cancelled.

Prior to the Eurovision Song Celebration YouTube broadcast in place of the semi-finals, it was revealed that Malta was set to perform in position 10, following the entry from Belgium and before the entry from Croatia.


text:
Talk:Dean Young (poet)

Untitled
Isnt another Dean Young the rugby league player for Dragons??? SSR600 06:31, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * There are many Dean Youngs. This one is the poet. Killer Poet 16:09, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

Opening sentences seemed unclear -- I've tried to clarify. Sachem head 17:17, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

=Texas= Young's at U Texas-Austin now. Anyone have a reasonable way of clearing up the whole paragraph with splitting time, etc.?

Oh, and http://www.utexas.edu/academic/mcw/faculty-poetry.shtm

Atrivedi (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 04:58, 7 January 2009 (UTC).

=labels / classifications of Young=

I wish Dean Young well, and may his poems be read widely. However, somebody needs to please cite to something that supports the claim (made here in the Wiki entry as of December 2010) that Young is "often" said to be a "second generation" New York School poet. That claim seems incorrect, wildly so, given Young's birthdate. People such as Clark Coolidge (born 1939, more than 15 years before Young) are typically identified as second generation NY School poets.

Also, a citation is needed to support the assertion that Young is the embodiment of poetic "neo-Surrealism." Where is that stated? The standard text on American poetry and neo-surrealism in the last half of the twentieth century -- Sun at Night, by Andrew Joron -- does not include Young among the thirty or forty poets discussed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:16, 14 December 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Dean Young (poet)


text:
International Brain Laboratory

The International Brain Laboratory (IBL) is a collaborative research group that aims to develop the first global model of decision making in mice. In its first phase, IBL members are recording 100,000's of neurons across virtually all brain structures in mice performing the very same decision. IBL was officially launched in September 2017 thanks to a $10 million grant from Simons Foundation and a £10 million grant from the Wellcome Trust.

The first major scientific milestones for the project are the development of an open source data architecture for large scale neuroscience collaboration and the replication of the behavior across all experimental labs. In late 2019, the IBL released the behavioral data, containing close to 3 million mouse choices. The subsequent milestone involves the assembly of a brain-wide map of activity. This map of activity is being obtained with Neuropixels probes, which allow recording up to 300-1000 neurons simultaneously. Other recording technologies, such as calcium imaging, will be used in the second phase. These data will then be analyzed and integrated to produce the brain-wide model of decision making.

Origin
IBL was founded in 2016 by Zachary Mainen (Champalimaud Center for the Unknown), Michael Hausser (University College London), and Alexandre Pouget (University of Geneva). These scientists argued in a paper published the same year that, given the complexity of the questions in neuroscience and the scale of the technical challenge, it seems unlikely that the research performed by individual labs will be sufficient to understand how the brain works. Inspired by the remarkable success of large scale collaborations in physics such as CERN or LIGO, they proposed creating similar focused collaborations in neuroscience based on several core principles:

 * 1) A shared ambitious, yet realistic, goal (e.g. a brain-wide model of decision making in a single species),
 * 2) Tight coordination between theorists and experimentalists.
 * 3) Standardization of the behavioral tasks, hardware and data analysis to ensure reproducibility and allowing pooling of data,
 * 4) Open access to data and resources within and outside the collaboration, and
 * 5) A relatively flat hierarchy and a collaborative decision-making process.

These principles are at the heart of the IBL collaboration.

Membership
Mainen, Hausser and Pouget were joined in 2016 by

 * Larry Abbott (Columbia University)
 * Dora Angelaki (New York University)
 * Matteo Carandini (University College London)
 * Anne Churchland (University of California Los Angeles)
 * Yang Dan (University of California Berkeley)
 * Peter Dayan (Max Planck Institute Tuebingen)
 * Sophie Deneve (Ecole Normale Superieure)
 * Ila Fiete (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
 * Surya Ganguli (Stanford University)
 * Kenneth Harris (University College London)
 * Peter Latham (University College London)
 * Sonja Hofer (University College London)
 * Tom Mrsic-Flogel (University College London)
 * Liam Paninski (Columbia University)
 * Jonathan Pillow (Princeton University)
 * Ilana Witten (Princeton University)
 * Tony Zador (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

David Tank and Carlos Brody (both at Princeton University) joined in 2016 but withdrew in 2017 due to conflicts of interest. Nick Steinmetz (University of Washington) joined in 2019, and Tatiana Engel (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) in 2020.

title: International Brain Laboratory


text:
Josué Reyes

Josué Emmanuel Reyes Santacruz (born 10 December 1997) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Liga de Expansión MX club Sonora.

Honours
Cruz Azul
 * Liga MX: Guardianes 2021
 * Leagues Cup: 2019
 * Campeón de Campeones: 2021

title: Josué Reyes


text:
Uvat, Tyumen Oblast

Uvat (Уват) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Uvatsky District, Tyumen Oblast, Russia. Population:

title: Uvat, Tyumen Oblast


text:
Chandal

Chandal may refer to:

 * Chandala, a Sanskrit term referring to an outcaste group in Hindu society
 * Namasudra, a Hindu community in Bengal formerly known as Chandals
 * Chandal, Bangladesh, town in Barisal Division, Bangladesh
 * Chandal (tribe), a clan of the Dhund tribe in northern Pakistan

title: Chandal


text:
džem

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  jam

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) jam mixture of fruit boiled with sugar

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  jam

title: džem


text:
Talk:Jutlandic

This article confuses the two dialects jysk and sønderjysk (general Jutlandic and Southern Jutlandic). Jutish is often the English word for sønderjysk. <IP_ADDRESS> 10:02, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The article is definately written by a non-linguist. Mixing various facts with irrelevancies. The Jutish words for I (Æ and A) are of course not distorted forms of the eastern Danish jeg, but were developed from Old Danish æk, ak and iæk respectively. Some sort of warning template shold be added until the article is rewritten. --Sasper 09:37, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

Written by a guy from Sjælland.You can see in his two comments.The problem for people from sjælland is:
 * every time the danish capitol gradually moved more east, it worsened the situation of Denmark.
 * the last primeminister from sjælland was Anker Jørgensen (and see how that ended).
 * Fact one:As a thumb of rule intelligence will be connected with height. Fact Two:People from Jutland are generaly higher than people from sjælland(gyldendals leksikon).
 * Conclusion 1:People from Sjælland are generally lesser intelligent than people from Jutland.
 * Conclusion 2:if you do not understand these facts ,then you are from sjælland. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 23:18, 28 December 2008 (UTC)

Aside from issues of Danish regionalism (I have no dog in that race) there is the use of this word, "decennia", which I believe should be decades. Decennia literally means decades but is odd, at least to an American speaker of English. I don't believe I've seen it in anything from Brits either, so I suggest replacing it for ease of reading. As for the content, I'm no a linguist and I always find undefined linguistic jargon quite annoying in articles about languages. The fact that above items suggest it might be bunk altogether, well that sucks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:56, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

 * English language is not a good example for languages with no gender as it contains articles with vestigial gender.
 * Compare English 'A doughnut' with 'An apple fritter'. 'An' is used before a vowel (a 'feminine' noun) and is equivalent to Fr. 'une' and G. 'eine'. Also 'the banana' vs 'the orange'. Definite article pronounced 'thee' in front of a vowel. The masculine and feminine pronunciations of 'the' correspond to G. 'der' and 'die'. In common speech often with a yod as 'Thee (y) orange'. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kenif (talk • contribs) 02:47, 2 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Oy, veh. How did you decide vowels were feminine and not masculine? In fact there's nothing vestigially gender-related about this at all; it's strictly phonetic. If I say 'an inexpensive doughnut' and pronounce 'the' as [ðiː] in 'the unripe banana', have the nouns changed gender? Q·L·1968 ☿ 01:17, 22 October 2018 (UTC)

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Consonant table intro
Currently the introduction to the consonant phoneme table, originally added by Burdluver90, says: "Phonemes that appear in standard Danish are in black and phonemes which are only seen in the dialects of Jutland (jysk) are in bold. "

But all the phonemes are in black. Perhaps there was a problem with transcription.Ordinary Person (talk) 12:51, 4 October 2021 (UTC)

Still living? Or already extinct?
Still, I wonder why SIL is given something looks conflicted with the Wikipedia article, SIL says that the language type is Historical, but this article looks like, as also endorsed by some other Wikimedia users, describing a living dialect, who says wrong here? --Liuxinyu970226 (talk) 13:44, 28 September 2022 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Jutish which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 04:35, 18 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jutlandic


text:
Talk:Seminar in Tradecraft and HumInt/Moscow Rules

This article either needs a link to a reference with citations, or needs to include a reference with citations itself, as it claims esoteric knowledge. The Jade Knight 09:25, 28 October 2006 (UTC)
 * The problem with this is I had been looking for the full 40 (you'll find that the reference you deleted was an article about a CIA agent who referenced the 40 rules) and I had been looking for them for months. I originally found them in an ex-serviceman's magazine online which has since disappeared. These are the preserved 40 rules to the best of my knowledge, and the source is not solely the book on tradecraft, I believe that book is an adaptation. My research shows that the full 40 were released very early, but they are almost invariably never published in full.--Dnjkirk 03:25, 29 October 2006 (UTC)


text:
Talk:KAMEN feat.Tatsuya Ishii

Redirect
I boldly redirected this article to the main single. Every house remake of a song doesn't get it's own article. And this article didn't have any new information.--Esprit15d 15:51, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:KAMEN feat.Tatsuya Ishii


text:
F & M (album)

F & M (an abbreviation of Frau und Mann; German for "Woman and Man") is the second studio album by German-Swedish super-duo Lindemann. It was released on 22 November 2019 through Universal Music and Vertigo Berlin. The album was preceded by three singles; "Steh auf", "Ich weiß es nicht" and "Knebel", with "Steh auf" peaking at No. 8 in Germany. Vocalist Till Lindemann reverts to singing in German on this album unlike the group's debut album, Skills in Pills, which he sang entirely in English.

Promotion and release
In 2018, the duo made music for an adaptation of the play "Hänsel und Gretel" with Till Lindemann also appearing in the play. Most songs performed from the play are confirmed to be on the album, with the exception of "Sauber". It is currently unclear whether it will appear as a B-side in the future. "Ich liebe das Leben" is included on the album under the new title of "Wer weiß das schon".

Prior to the announcement of the album, Lindemann released the song "Mathematik", featuring German rapper Haftbefehl, on 18 December 2018, with an accompanying music video. The album was announced on 13 September 2019 alongside the release of the song "Steh auf". A music video for the song, starring the band alongside Swedish actor Peter Stormare, was released on the same day. On 13 October, the band shared a 40-second snippet of the song "Blut" on their YouTube channel. On 18 October, the band shared a third song, "Ich weiß es nicht", along with a remix of the song by American industrial metal band Ministry. On 21 October, they shared a music video for "Ich weiß es nicht", featuring black-and-white computer-generated imagery crafted by artificial intelligence. On 29 October, the band shared a 40-second snippet of the song "Allesfresser" on their YouTube channel. On 1 November, the song "Knebel" was released, along with an accompanying, uncensored music video on www.knebel-video.com.

F & M was released through Universal Music and Vertigo Berlin on 22 November 2019 as a download, 12-inch vinyl, and CD, the latter in standard and deluxe editions. The vinyl release features a different cover art from the other editions of the album. The deluxe CD release is designed as a 42-page hardcover book. The vinyl, deluxe CD, and deluxe digital versions of the album all feature two bonus tracks; the original version of "Mathematik" and a Pain version of "Ach so gern".

Music videos for "Steh auf" and "Frau & Mann" were released, featuring Peter Stormare. Alec Chillingworth from Stereoboard compared three first tracks to Basshunter music sponsored by Classic FM.

Personnel

 * Till Lindemann - vocals, arrangements
 * Peter Tägtgren - all instruments (except tracks 7, 13 and drums), arrangements, producing, engineering, recording, mixing

Additional personnel

 * Jonas Kjellgren - all instruments (tracks 7, 13), drums
 * Matt Heafy - acoustic guitar and production on "Steh auf (Trivium remix)"
 * Clemens Wijers - orchestra additional arrangements
 * Svante Forsbäck - mastering
 * Rocket & Wink - artwork
 * Heilemania - photography
 * Jens Koch - photography
 * Matthias Matthies - photography
 * Boris Schade - legal consultant
 * Lichte Rechtsanwälte - legal consultant
 * Birgit Fordyce - management
 * Stefan Mehnert - management

title: F & M (album)