text:
Cookbook:Potato

A potato is a tuber. Originally from South America, the potato is now grown and used as a foodstuff in most parts of the world and is valued for its relative ease of growing and its high carbohydrate content. It is also extremely versatile in the kitchen and can be served boiled, roasted, baked, shallow-fried or deep-fried. There is a large number of varieties of potato, each of which has its own qualities and uses. Finally, some potatoes are harvested while still relatively immature ("new potatoes"), while others ("old potatoes") are left to grow to their maximum size. This also affects the texture and flavour.

Potatoes have a thin layer of high-grade protein just under the skin. The best ways to take advantage of it is to consume them whole, or boil them and very carefully remove their skins.

Types
Potatoes can also be classified according to type. There are starchy, waxy and all-purpose types.

Starchy
The starchy potatoes are ideal for frying or baking. Under this type we have the Russet, Jewel yam, Japanese sweet and Hannah sweet potatoes.

Waxy
The waxy types of potatoes are ideal for roasting and boiling. Under this type we have the Red bliss, French fingerling, Russian banana, Red thumb, La ratte and Austrian crescent potatoes.

All-purpose
The all-purpose types of potatoes are ideal for pan-frying, roasting and stewing. Under this type we have the Yukon gold, Red gold, Red Norland, Purple majesty and All blue potatoes.

External link
Chart of varieties from the British Potato Council

Charlotte
A small reddish potato, normally used as a new potato, served boiled.

Fortyfold
A small red-skinned maincrop potato, with a creamy texture, best used baked or roast.

King Edwards
A large, all purpose potato. Normally used as an old potato, and traditionally served roast as part of a formal Sunday dinner (with roast beef).

Maris Piper
A white potato, which can be harvested new or, more usually, as an old potato, when it is widely regarded as among the best potatoes for making into chips.

Picasso
A large to very large maincrop potato with a reddish skin and a smooth texture. Good roast.

Pink fir apple
A long, thin potato with a knobbly, pinkish skin. Normally boiled in its skin and allowed to cool for use in a salad.

Shetland Black
A variety first introduced in the 1920s. The skin is dark purple, rather than black, and the flesh is creamy with a nutty flavour. Best roast or baked, but can be boiled in its skin for an attractive visual appearance and contrast in texture.

Buying potatoes
For practical purposes, potatoes can be put into three groups, although the distinctions between them are not clear-cut, and there is much overlapping. While the Russet Burbank baking potato is probably the most pleasing for general use, potatoes with oddly-coloured flesh often provide antioxidants like beta-carotene and lycopene. Odd colours may hide greening and rotten spots, though.

 * The term new potato is most frequently used to describe those potatoes freshly harvested and marketed during the late winter or early spring. The name is also widely used in later crop producing areas to designate freshly dug potatoes which are not fully matured. The best uses for new potatoes are boiling or mashing. They vary widely in size and shape, depending upon variety, but are likely to be affected by "skinning" or "feathering" of the outer layer of skin. Skinning usually affects only their appearance.

 * The term general purpose potato includes the great majority of supplies, both round and long types, offered for sale in markets. With the aid of air-cooled storage, general purpose potatoes are amply available throughout the year. As the term implies, they are used for boiling, frying, and baking, although many of the common varieties are not considered to be best for baking.

 * The term baking potato means a potato grown specifically for baking quality. Both variety and farm location are important factors affecting baking quality. A long variety with fine, scaly netting on the skin, such as the Russet Burbank from Idaho, is commonly used for baking.

With new potatoes, look for firm potatoes that are free from blemishes and sunburn (a green discolouration under the skin). Some amount of skinned surface is normal, but potatoes with large skinned and discoloured areas are undesirable. For general-purpose and baking potatoes, look for reasonably smooth, firm potatoes free from blemishes, sunburn, and decay. Avoid potatoes with large cuts, green spots, bruises, decay, sprouting, or shrivelling.

Storage
Potato storage facilities need to be carefully considered to keep the potatoes alive and slow the natural process of decomposition, which involves the breakdown of starch. It is crucial that the storage area is dark, well ventilated and, for long-term storage, maintained at temperatures near 4 °C (39 °F). For short-term storage before cooking, temperatures of about 7 °C (45 °F) to 10 °C (50 °F) are preferred. Temperatures below 4 °C convert potatoes' starch into sugar, which alters their taste and cooking qualities and leads to higher acrylamide levels in the cooked product, especially in deep-fried dishes.

Under optimum conditions possible in commercial warehouses, potatoes can be stored for up to ten or twelve months. When stored at home, the shelf life is usually only several weeks.

If potatoes are exposed to light, they will develop green areas or start to sprout. Green parts can be very poisonous, as they indicate the presence of glycoalkaloids, ⍺-solanine and ⍺-chaconine. Although the green colour is caused by chlorophyll and is harmless, one should discard any such potatoes, as the toxins cannot be adequately removed by peeling or trimming techniques. These potatoes are no longer suitable as animal food.

Boiling
Old potatoes normally need to be peeled before boiling. Many new potatoes are better when boiled in their skins, but one should wash them first. Small potatoes can be cooked whole. Larger potatoes will cook more evenly and quickly if they are first cut into roughly egg-sized pieces. Put the potatoes in a large enough pan and add enough water to cover them easily. Add a little salt, if desired. Bring to the boil. Potatoes will take around 20 minutes to cook through. To test whether they are done, press the tip of a cook's knife into one. It should be able to slip in and out easily. Serve with butter if you're not worried about your weight, with salt if you're not worried about your blood pressure, or with a sprinkling of chopped chives if you want them to look nice. Also boiled potatoes go well with mayonnaise.

Mashing
Skin potatoes and slice them as about finger thick (about 1 cm) slices. Put slices into pot and add some water (1/5 water of total level is enough, no need to cover them completely. Idea is to steam cook them and keeping the cooking water so nothing is wasted). Cook potatoes under a lid until they are ready, about 10 minutes. Attack the potatoes with a knife so that they are cut into smaller pieces. You then need to add some milk and butter (according to taste and waistline) and purée all ingredients. Use a potato-ricer for best results or a hand-held masher for possibly lumpy mash. Food processors can have a tendency to over process for mashed potatoes, instead producing more of a purée suitable for vichyssoise and other potato soups. You can add salt, pepper, muskat, or other herbs and spices as you wish. Roasted garlic is also a popular addition.

Roasting
Roast potatoes are a good and traditional accompaniment to roast meat. Prepare the potatoes as for boiling, and parboil them for just a few minutes. Then put in the roasting dish around the meat, and baste them with the juices as cooking goes on.

Baking
On a cold day, few things are nicer than a baked potato. Use a large potato, with its skin on. It is important to stab the potatoes with a knife or fork in several places so they will not explode. Preheat the oven to moderately hot (gas mark 5, about 375 F) and put in the potatoes for about an hour. Especially when using an electric oven, it is important to protect the potatoes from drying by covering them with foil or coating them in oil. A lid over the whole batch will do, saving on foil and oil. You may put a metal skewer through the potato to help distribute heat evenly. There are a variety of approaches to a baked potato and some cooks will prefer a low heat (c. 300 F) for an hour, uncovered so that the steam can exit the potato. Make sure to cut it open as soon as it's out of the oven to let off steam and keep the skin from getting soggy and separated.

Serve the potato as hot as you can stand it. Fillings can include butter, grated cheese (something strong like cheddar or red Leicester), baked beans, pesto—you name it. Eat the skin—it really is good for you.

Microwave
Perforate the skin with a fork in many places to prevent the potato from exploding. It is important to protect the potatoes from drying by covering them with a damp paper towel or coating them in oil. A low power setting may be a good idea, but you wouldn't be using the microwave if you didn't want fast cooking!

Deep frying
Described here is the basic method. Put the potatoes in whole. If you don't have any day-old bread to hand, drop one of your chips in; if the fat is hot enough it will start to cook. Add the chips, using a frying basket. The temperature of the fat will drop sharply, so keep the heat high under the pan. Cook until the chips are browned. Remove the frying basket, and allow the fat to get a little hotter. Then plunge the basket back in for a few minutes to complete the cooking. Keep a fire blanket or damp towel nearby at all times.

An alternative, and safer, method is to use a specialized deep fat fryer.

Shallow frying (sautéing)
Potatoes can be shallow fried, as an easier and quicker alternative to deep-frying. Use a mealy potato (such as King Edward) and cut into cubes of about 1 cm or half an inch. Heat up a sauté pan then add vegetable oil and the potatoes. Cook at a high temperature for about five minutes, stirring often, until the cubes are browned all round. At the last moment you can add butter to glaze the potatoes and maybe some herbs or chopped shallots.

Another way of sautéing potatoes is to produce a Roesti (Rösti), a dish which originates in Switzerland. Instead of chopping the potatoes into cubes, grate the potato using the coarse setting on a three-sided grater.

Rinse the potatoes under cold running water to extract their starch. It is essential that you then squeeze the potato shards very dry. If you can, use a muslin cloth to squeeze out all the excess moisture.

Now, add the potato mixture to DRY (yes, really) frying pan and spread out evenly. Cook on a medium heat for about 5-7 minutes, resisting the temptation to turn or flip the potatoes. After this time, take a spatula and flip the entire potato pancake over. It should be a lovely golden colour and not burned. Fry the pancake for another 5 minutes on its other side, and then the Roesti is ready to eat. Simply slide it from the frying pan, onto a plate.

N.B.: Traditionally, Roesti either have butter or fat mixed into the grated potato before frying, or are fried in fat or oil.

Stewing
Stewing is a great way to take care of left over potatoes. Potato stew goes well with sausages, meatballs, or smoked, salted or gravad fish. To make stewed potatoes, peel and dice the cold, already boiled potatoes. Make the cubes about 1 cm to 2 cm across. Mix flour with milk and butter in a saucepan. Bring the sauce to a boil, add the potatoes, and boil gently for 5 min. Add salt, pepper and dill to taste.

title: Cookbook:Potato


text:
Gabriel Pec

Gabriel Fortes Chaves (born 11 February 2001), known as Gabriel Pec, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Major League Soccer club LA Galaxy. Mainly a winger, he can also play as an attacking midfielder.

Vasco da Gama
Pec joined the youth academy of Vasco da Gama in 2009. Pec made his professional debut for Vasco da Gama in a 2–0 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A loss to EC Bahia on 7 September 2019.

In 2023, in the debut of the 2023 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A for Vasco da Gama against Atlético Mineiro, Pec participated in the two goals of Vasco da Gama winning 2–1 against Atlético Mineiro. In the 23rd round, a valid game against Fluminense, Gabriel Pec came on in the 15th minute of the second half and received a yellow card. However, he was decisive in scoring Vasco's last two goals against Fluminense in a 4–2 victory.

LA Galaxy
On 30 January 2024, MLS club LA Galaxy announced the signing of Pec on a five-year Young Designated Player contract ahead of the 2024 season.

Personal life
Born in Brazil, Pec is of Portuguese descent and holds dual-citizenship.

Honours
Vasco da Gama
 * Taça Rio: 2021

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gabriel Pec


text:
Citations:talesman

 * 1933: Clark v. United States, 289 U.S. 1, 11 (1933), Justice Cardozo
 * The judge who examines on the voir dire is engaged in the process of organizing the court. If the answers to the questions are wilfully evasive or knowingly untrue, the talesman, when accepted, is a juror in name only.

title: Citations:talesman


text:
tire barrier

Alternative forms

 * (British English)

Noun

 * 1) A safety feature of auto racing venues, consisting of stacked tires secured together, that provides a cushion in the event of an impact.
 * The driver lost control and the car struck the tire barrier.

title: tire barrier


text:
General Astronomy/Phases of the Moon

Like the stars and planets, the Moon doesn't stay fixed in the sky but slowly moves as the Earth rotates and as the Moon moves through its orbit about the Earth. To someone taking a casual glance at the Moon, it seems as fixed as the stars. But observation of either the Moon or the stars over a period of several hours will reveal their diurnal (daily) motion across the sky. The Moon rises and sets each day. An observer who watches the Moon over the course of many days will notice the Moon moving not only with the stars, but among them. Every month, the Moon completes one fewer pass across the sky than the stars have completed. We see this because of the Moon's orbit about the Earth. As the Moon progresses through its orbit, its rising and setting times change. Each day, the Moon rises and sets fifty minutes later than the day before.

The moon usually takes 27 days to rotate once on its axis. So any place on the surface of the moon experiences about 13 days of sunlight, followed by 13 days of darkness. Temperatures on the Moon range from -153 C at night to 253 C during the day. For example if you were standing on the surface of the moon during sunlight hours it would be blazing hot. When the sun goes down, the temperature automatically drop 250 degrees in just a matter of moments. Furthermore, there are craters around the North and South poles of the moon which never seen the sunlight. These dark places would always be as cool as -153 C. However, there are nearby mountain peaks that are covered in continuous sunlight, and would always be hot.

The "dividing line" between the light and dark halves of the globe is called the terminator, as it terminates the area of darkness (and also that of daylight).

Typically, one-half of the Moon will be lit up by the Sun, while the half facing away from the Sun remains dark. (The only exception occurs during a lunar eclipse, when the Earth blocks the light falling on the lit side of the Moon.) The part illuminated by the Sun is not, it should be emphasized, always the same portion of the Moon's surface! Like the Earth, the Moon turns on its axis, exposing different areas at different times. In combination with the orbital revolution of the Moon around the Earth, this phenomenon creates the phases of the Moon as seen from Earth. The phrase "Dark side of the Moon" arose before the age of artificial satellites and the back side of the Moon could not be observed. Hence, the that one side was unknown or "dark".

The tilt of the moon’s spin axis is only 1.54 degrees and as a result, lunar seasons are barely noticeable in most locations on the Moon. However, at the North and South poles, the height of the sun above the horizon varies by more than 3 degrees over the course of the year. In other words, it affects the percentage of sunlit regions and surface temperatures at the poles. Furthermore, the coldest areas are located in doubly shadowed regions inside small craters, in which they are located within the permanently shadowed regions of larger craters. Temperatures are as low as 35K (-238 C or -397 F) in these areas, even at noon on the warmest day of the year.

Some half of the Moon is always illuminated but the fraction of the illuminated part or the Moon's phases directly depend on the relative positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun. Simply put, it's a matter of how much of the daylight side of the Moon we can see from our current viewing angle. The phase will depend on how much of the side facing toward us is illuminated at any given time. The sketch below illustrates the phases of the moon for various Earth-Moon-Sun positions (the Sun is presumed to be off of the diagram to the right):

Next to each "Moon" is a black-and-white sketch of the phase as it would be seen from Earth when the Moon is in that position. When the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun, the sunlit side of the Moon is facing completely away from us, and therefore we have the dark "New Moon". When the Moon reaches the other side of the Earth, the sunlit side will be fully toward us, and we have the "Full Moon". As the Moon moves from New to Full and the sunlit side grows increasingly large, we say the Moon is waxing; as we see less, in the decline from Full to New Moon, we say it is waning.

Midway between the Full Moon and New Moon, half of the sunlit side of the Moon is visible from the Earth. Because a half of the half illuminated Moon can be seen, this is referred to as a "quarter Moon". When the Moon is waxing and reaches this position, it's called the "first quarter Moon"; when waning, the "third quarter Moon." When less than a quarter-moon is visible, it's referred to as a "crescent Moon" - waxing crescent or waning crescent, as appropriate. When more than a quarter-moon is visible, it's referred to as a "gibbous moon", again, waxing or waning.

The Moon's orbit and rotation speed is just such that the Moon always shows the same side to Earth, aside from only a slight "wobble." The pattern of markings on the side facing Earth is very familiar in history and culture. Western society has long imagined a face in the markings — the "Man in the Moon." Other cultures have seen a woman, a rabbit, a frog or other creatures. The Moon always shows this same face to Earth because its rotation is "locked" with its orbit, for reasons we will see later, when we discuss gravity. More precisely, the time it takes for the Moon to complete a trip in its orbit is the same as the time it takes for the Moon to rotate once around its axis. Because we see the Moon moving around us, it appears as though the Moon isn't turning at all.

If you stood on the Moon and looked up at Earth in the sky, you would see that it never rises, never sets, and never moves in the sky at all. Imagine, for example, standing at the middle of the face of the Moon that we see. From there, the Earth would always remain straight overhead. If you stood at the edge of the face we see from Earth — the "limb" — you would always see the Earth on your horizon.

Up to now, we have considered the time for the Moon to complete one orbit around the Earth to be the same as the time for it to pass once through its series of phases, but this is not quite right. The Moon's phase at a particular point in its orbit changes as the Earth goes around the Sun. Once the Earth has gone halfway around the Sun, the position of the Moon for a given phase has also moved halfway around the orbit, since the Sun is on the opposite side. Thus, it takes a little longer for the Moon to go through its phases than it does for it to go through its orbit about the Earth.

Suppose a full moon marks the beginning of both the period of the orbit of the Moon about the Earth and the period of the orbit of the Earth about the Sun. At the time of full Moon, the Sun, Earth, and Moon are aligned. Once the Moon returns to that position in its orbit, the Earth has moved a little around the Sun. Now, the Moon is not aligned with the Earth and the Sun. It takes about two days before the Moon has moved back into alignment with the Earth and Sun line (synodic month). The time for the Moon to complete an orbit, called a sidereal month, is about 27 days and 8 hours. The time to move through its phases, a synodic month, is about 29 days and 12 hours.

title: General Astronomy/Phases of the Moon


text:
List of football stadiums by capacity

List of football stadiums by capacity may refer to
 * List of American football stadiums by capacity
 * List of association football stadiums by capacity
 * Australian rules football playing field
 * List of cricket grounds by capacity - cricket grounds in Australia are commonly used for Australian football

title: List of football stadiums by capacity


text:
User:MainlyTwelve/middle child

 * https://www.thrillist.com/eat/philadelphia/best-sandwiches-philadelphia
 * https://www.phillymag.com/best-of-philly-archive/middle-child/
 * https://www.phillymag.com/foobooz/2019/02/25/middle-child-eggs-philadelphia/
 * https://www.inquirer.com/food/hanukkah-middle-child-lox-latke-everything-bagel-20181129.html
 * https://www.inquirer.com/philly/columnists/craig_laban/middle-child-philadelphia-luncheonette-revival-20180525.html

title: User:MainlyTwelve/middle child


text:
Talk:Computer Hacking

This is all stupid.
Yep. --Cyberman 11:19, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

BTW i'm in an arguing mood.

"For all those who're confused with the fact that a hacker merely enjoys exploiting the weakeness of any security system.." Really?! I'll be damned.. so white hats aren't excited they can keep their job by finding a weakness and improving on it? MAYBE... you should work on your English? OMG I found a security flaw in your writing. Pwned.

Vandalism / cleaned up
I reverted the talk page due to vandalism, and cleaned it up a bit. Remember to sign your comments. RoceKiller 21:52, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Why "Koibhi"?
Why is this wikibook called Koibhi?--Hyperlink 04:40, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

(empty header)
鼠 says: Pssh.. Hacking is hacking. I don't understand where people get off defining hackers by white hat and black hat. White hats should just be called Digital Defenders and black hats hackers. Hacking is hacking whichever way you look at it. Hacking does not equal protecting. It means breaking into a security system within an illegal manner. I don't hack into things, I just find flaws in systems and use them to my advantage. It's not hacking, it's just using what they forgot to cover up. By the way, you spelled text,organizing, and many other things wrong.

I think I have to strongly agree with you there. Hacking is hacking, there is no point implying they should categorised them into some kind of a 'how bad is a hacker' barometer. The real issue how can others protect their security from hackers, that's the real issue! Of course, being aware of the tactics used by hackers, how they operate and deploy their tricks would be an advantage to anyone. For that being certified as a ethical hacker is important. But wait. What would happen if ethical hackers suddenly confounded black hat hackers, where consequently some kind of a 'team ethical hackers world police' version? I suppose one other major key issue would be to enable users to be aware of flaws in their systems. Perhaps this is why some hackers argue they are not hacking they just acute enough to pick up flaws to their advantage. The issue of raising awareness in this subject matter has always been something strongly advocated by Firebrand Training, formerly known as the Training Camp. Thank you for your pointsTbarbosa (talk) 14:50, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Orignal Creator says: 'Ahem. If you find this book interesting, please edit what you want to be better. Yet I (the first author, who created it) would find it very pleasing not to delete whole sections of tekst without noting so. At least help orginising the book, it'll be a compensation for the deleted stuff. Many thanks for helping (in advance).'

There is a qaulification called certified ethical hacker if it helps this is a link to a course that leads to it. Hope no one minds the commercial link. Dolive35 19:32, 22 April 2006 (UTC)Tbarbosa (talk) 14:50, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

Hacker...nothing to do with breaking a security system
For all those who're confused with the fact that a hacker merely enjoys exploiting the weakeness of any security system..you're absolutely wrong..a hacker is just a guru of some field. Well, in the case of computers, a hacker, knows the ins and outs of any computer system. its operating system, how it connects over the network, the method deployed in transfering files over various protocols, etc. etc. and so can in a way, play tricks on those who dont know the details of the former to their advantage. Obviously, with great powers, come great responsibility ;) - i know i know..spiderman..so when a person is gifted with such knowledge, the better way to exploit a loophole in a system, is to inform the party and tell them a fix. Sadly, not everyone is responsible, and some use it to gain money. Some use it to create havoc. We call em hackers..or script kiddies. In essence a hacker, is a respected member of a community. check out this link. http://catb.org/%7Eesr/faqs/hacker-howto.html This will give you an idea of what a hacker is ..and how to become one..if you are really competent to be one.. I now advice not to further argue over who or what or whether its moral to be a hacker, and provide technical information on computing, and..hacking in a general way.

I will add a couple of articles i've bin working on soon. In the meanwhile..those who are interested in reading good stuff...then try this http://www.insecure.org

 * Thanks for helping out anyway you can. Be constructive and I think, even if hacking is hacking by using a forgotten flaw, you should be considered a grey hat for doing that. Anyways, thanks for correcting my problems. Though, do not that I prefer en-UK over en-US. So, maybe that's the issue. Anyways, I'll be waiting up just about any constructive edit. May the souce be with you (Tux?).xy 19:07, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

The grammar is just terrible:

From: "A perspective view on hackers"

"Don't skip this part if you want to obtain an objective view on hacking. First of all, the definition of hackers is redefined, since a lot of commercial put it in a rather commercial perspective (so to say). Then, their history is covered. This 21 century hold many 'miracles', so hacking should be casted in the world of technology if people were to understand them. Yet the hacking-culture is covered in a seperate chapter. This is due the not-so simple way in which hackers tend to work. Finally, ethics, shared by most hackers are covered so that you know what hackers stand up for."

I mean, Jesus Christ! Not only is there the horrendous grammar, there's the advocacy of the item being described... it just needs to be thrown out.

Come ON...
--Genobeeno 20:14, 2 Jul 2005 (UTC)

The grammar is just terrible:

From: "A perspective view on hackers"

"Don't skip this part if you want to obtain an objective view on hacking. First of all, the definition of hackers is redefined, since a lot of commercial put it in a rather commercial perspective (so to say). Then, their history is covered. This 21 century hold many 'miracles', so hacking should be casted in the world of technology if people were to understand them. Yet the hacking-culture is covered in a seperate chapter. This is due the not-so simple way in which hackers tend to work. Finally, ethics, shared by most hackers are covered so that you know what hackers stand up for."

I mean, Jesus Christ! Not only is there the horrendous grammar, there's the advocacy of the item being described... it just needs to be thrown out.

Reverse Engineering merge (redirect)
I think we should probably move this page into a book with a little bit more form and function. Also, the way this "book" stands now, it is more likely to be deleted then it is to be expanded. If we merge this page into a more respectable book, we won't need to worry about this thing being deleted. We can discuss the issue here. -- 19:56, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

I agree, I vote that this page be merged. - brmwk 2/10/06

I also agree, this would work better with some heavier editing and a merge into the larger Reverse Engineering work. Lorax 01:13, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

I strongly disagree, the reverse engineering book is focused on a specific area knowledge, this book should be retained as a more general overview. There are many topics that would be overlooked by a merger with reverse engineering, and reverse engineering would suffer from too many segways. Links would be more appropriate.
 * I understand the disagreement, but I just want everybody to keep in mind that this kin of book, especially if it focuses on illegal activites, could very easily be deleted as per wikibooks policy. Wikibooks administrators (myself included) have already deleted other books that were flagrantly illegal. I just want to present some options for this book to legitimize itself, so that it doesnt fall on the chopping block later. --Whiteknight (talk) (current) 16:18, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

Disagree (or at least I disagree with this redirect) - I just clicked on 'Computer Hacking' and it took me to 'Reverse Engineering'. That doesn't make any sense. You can't just redirect two unrelated topics, just because the development of the book was not going very well. If some content from the Computer Hacking book was rescued to the Reverse Engineering book, then we should make a page saying so, and saying that the rest of the book has been deleted because it was rubbish. -- (just visitor to wikibooks) 10:12, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Unite
I am pretty new to wikipedia (just joined today 29/1/06!). And I think this is a wonderful site with a great mission. Imagine: 'free' access to 'any' type of knowledge within 5 years or so. But we must unite and stop condemning the grammar or any other idea! If you know something about hacking I think you can always edit or contribute in someway. It's easy to comment than to take responsibility. Together we can make this book a great resource. So, let's Unite!

Collaborate
Grammer is essential to coherent communication. This is why computer languages have structures that must be followed for the parser and compiler to be able to do anything other than spew errors.Lorax 01:48, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Computer Hacking


text:
Yaroslavtsev Log

Yaroslavtsev Log (Ярославцев Лог) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Yaroslav-Logovskoy Selsoviet, Rodinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 756 as of 2013. There are 7 streets.

Geography
Yaroslavtsev Log is located 28 km south of Rodino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novokormikha is the nearest rural locality.

title: Yaroslavtsev Log


text:
CDO-squared

Noun

 * 1)  A type of CDO (collateralized debt obligation) that invests in other CDOs.

title: CDO-squared


text:
Category:Baseball players at the 1992 Summer Olympics

This category includes baseball players at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.


text:
User:Abdallah albeltagy/Books/Muhammad Ali Dynasty

The Power In Egypt

 * Chapter (1) : Ottoman Empire
 * Ottoman Empire
 * List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire
 * Osman I
 * Oghuz Turks
 * Rise of the Ottoman Empire
 * Military of the Ottoman Empire
 * Fall of Constantinople
 * Mehmed the Conqueror
 * Suleiman the Magnificent
 * Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)
 * Spice trade
 * Ottoman wars in the Near East
 * Ottoman–Mamluk War (1485–91)
 * Selim I
 * Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17)
 * Battle of Marj Dabiq
 * Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri
 * Battle of Yaunis Khan
 * Tuman bay II
 * Battle of Ridaniya
 * Hadım Sinan Pasha
 * Al-Mutawakkil III
 * List of Ottoman governors of Egypt
 * Hurshid Pasha
 * Al-Azhar University
 * Saladin
 * Cairo Citadel
 * Umar Makram
 * Campaigns of 1798 in the French Revolutionary Wars
 * French campaign in Egypt and Syria
 * Napoleon
 * Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti
 * Abu Qir Bay
 * Battle of the Pyramids
 * Revolt of Cairo
 * Jean Baptiste Kléber
 * Battle of Abukir (1799)
 * Battle of Heliopolis (1800)
 * Suleiman al-Halabi
 * Jacques-François Menou
 * Battle of Alexandria
 * Treaty of Paris (1802)

 * Chapter (2_ : Mohamad Ali Dynasty
 * Albania
 * History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty
 * Muhammad Ali of Egypt
 * Muhammad Ali's seizure of power
 * Muhammad Ali dynasty
 * List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty
 * Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–33)
 * Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–41)
 * Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt
 * Abbas I of Egypt
 * Sa'id of Egypt
 * Isma'il Pasha
 * Tewfik Pasha
 * Abbas II of Egypt
 * Hussein Kamel of Egypt
 * Fuad I of Egypt
 * Farouk of Egypt
 * Egyptian Revolution of 1952
 * Fuad II of Egypt


text:
Portal:Latin America/Featured article/Day 21

The military career of Hugo Chávez spans the seventeen years (1975–1992) that the current President of Venezuela spent in the Venezuelan army. Leader of what he refers to as the "Bolivarian Revolution", Chávez is known for his democratic socialist governance, his promotion of Latin American integration, and his radical critique of neoliberal globalization and United States foreign policy.

Born July 28, 1954 in rural Sabaneta, Chávez entered military service upon his graduation from the Venezuelan Academy of Military Sciences in 1975. Chávez thereafter held a variety of post, command, and staff positions. At the same time, he was increasingly drawn into leftist political movements, eventually becoming involved in electioneering and political conspiracy. Chávez led a violent 1992 civilian-military coup which sought to overthrow what he saw as a corrupt oligarchy. Although the coup ultimately failed—ending Chávez's military career—it also brought Chávez into the national spotlight and set the stage for his future rise to political power.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Revolution episodes

The result was merge to Revolution (TV series). (non-admin closure) KTC (talk) 06:39, 20 July 2012 (UTC)

List of Revolution episodes

 * – ( View AfD View log  •  Stats )

As per WP:CRYSTAL.Only one episode name known and that too in September 2012.No problem if created after the series starts  ≫TheStrike   Σagle≪   12:34, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete per WP:CRYSTAL and WP:TOOSOON. Brambleberry of RiverClan Mew ♠ Tail 16:13, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Television-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 14:44, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Science fiction-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 14:44, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Lists-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 14:45, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Merge into Revolution (TV series) per WP:TOOSOON and WP:CRYSTAL. TBrandley 16:38, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Merge into Revolution (TV series) per WP:CRYSTAL and redirect there until the series premieres. It's too soon for a separate episode list.  Cliff  Smith 19:45, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Merge properly sourced info to the series page. --Logical Fuzz (talk) 20:30, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Merge per above. Simply south...... always punctual, no matter how late for just 6 years 00:17, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Merge to the series page and don't create this page until a season two is a certainty, CRYSTAL and TOOSOON. Not that hard to figure out; if a show has one season, or hasn't even started, keep it on the show page. Two seasons, then the "List of episodes" page can go forward. Seriously, this should be a policy already.  Nate  • ( chatter ) 03:13, 13 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/maki3.net

Links

 * maki3.net resolves to <IP_ADDRESS>
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Broken regex \bsundayvision\.co\ (perl-corrected: \bsundayvision\.co\) on [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist en.wikipedia.org] blacklist, error: Trailing \ in regex m/\bsundayvision\.co\/ at LinkSaver.pl line 5500.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Broken regex \bsundayvision\.co\ (perl-corrected: \bsundayvision\.co\) on [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist en.wikipedia.org] blacklist, error: Trailing \ in regex m/\bsundayvision\.co\/ at LinkSaver.pl line 5500.

 * Broken regex \bcrocels\ (perl-corrected: \bcrocels\) on [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:XLinkBot/RevertList en.wikipedia.org] revertlist, error: Trailing \ in regex m/\bcrocels\/ at LinkSaver.pl line 5556.

 * sada-color.maki3.net resolves to <IP_ADDRESS>
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Broken regex \bsundayvision\.co\ (perl-corrected: \bsundayvision\.co\) on [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist en.wikipedia.org] blacklist, error: Trailing \ in regex m/\bsundayvision\.co\/ at LinkSaver.pl line 5500.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Broken regex \bsundayvision\.co\ (perl-corrected: \bsundayvision\.co\) on [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist en.wikipedia.org] blacklist, error: Trailing \ in regex m/\bsundayvision\.co\/ at LinkSaver.pl line 5500.

 * Broken regex \bcrocels\ (perl-corrected: \bcrocels\) on [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:XLinkBot/RevertList en.wikipedia.org] revertlist, error: Trailing \ in regex m/\bcrocels\/ at LinkSaver.pl line 5556.

Additions

 * Displayed all 2 additions.


text:
Razdolnoye, Rodinsky District, Altai Krai

Razdolnoye (Раздольное) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Razdolnensky Selsoviet, Rodinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 835 as of 2013. There are 10 streets.

Geography
Razdolnoye is located 21 km west of Rodino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Markovka and Rodino are the nearest rural localities.


text:
Robotics/Components/Actuation Devices/Motors

There are several different types of motors. Each motor type has several advantages as well as disadvantages depending on a particular robots design. See this Wikipedia article for basic information about the different electro motors.

AC-motors
There are several different types of AC-motors, but their use is limited to high power stationary industrial robots. They are harder to use than DC-motors.

DC-motors
DC-motors are very easy to use, but like most other motors their usefulness for robotics is very dependent on the gearing available. DC-motors are made much more effective if they have an efficient gear ratio for a particular task. If your priority is to have a fast spinning motor and torque is of little concern a low gearing or even no gearing may be what you need; however, most motors used in robots need torque over top speed so a motor with a high gear ratio could be more useful.

The control of a DC motor can be split into two parts: speed and direction.

Direction
Changing direction in which a DC-motor turns is very easy: simply reverse the polarity.

Both pairs of switches ( (S1A,S1B) and (S2A, S2B) )-see the picture on the right- will always switch together. This circuit is called an H-bridge. In a real design the switches can be several different components (Relays, transistors, FETs) or the whole circuit (without the motor) could be an IC (integrated circuit). use sugarcan relays

Speed
Speed is a little bit more complicated. Many beginners would try to slow down a motor by reducing its voltage with a variable resistor or other ways. This does not work well, because it will not only reduce the motor's speed, it will also reduce a motor's strength, while also consuming a lot of electricity as large amounts of heat are generated by the resistor.

A far better way is to use a PWM (Pulse-width modulation) device.

Servo
What is a servo?

Servos are used in robotics for different purposes: e.g. to move a sensor around or to move the legs of a robot. Some users modify the servo so that they can use it as a DC-motor with a gearbox.

Controlling a servo is done with Pulse-width modulation. The length of the pulse is relative to the position the servo will turn to. The length of this pulses is usually between 1ms and 2ms, if so 1.5ms would be the center position. This pulse needs to be repeated with small intervals (otherwise the servo might turn to a "save" position or it might simply stay at its current position. This depends on the type of servo used).

Stepper motor
We cover stepper motors in more detail in the next chapter, Robotics/Stepper Motors.

(The category-box overlaps some of the text here. This line added to keep the real content on the screen)


text:
Mark Andrews (American football)

Mark Andrews (born September 6, 1995) is an American football tight end for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Oklahoma and was selected by the Ravens in the third round of the 2018 NFL draft. Andrews has been elected to the Pro Bowl three times and was named to the 2021 All-Pro Team after setting the Ravens' single-season record for receptions and receiving yards.

Early years
Andrews was born in Scottsdale, Arizona, to Paul and Martha Andrews. His father is a urologist and his mother works in real estate. He has two brothers and a sister. Andrews was diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes when he was nine years old, but has been unhindered by the disease throughout his career.

Andrews attended Desert Mountain High School in Scottsdale, Arizona. He played wide receiver in high school and had 58 receptions for 1,058 yards and 10 touchdowns as a sophomore, 81 receptions for 1,494 yards and 21 touchdowns as a junior and 68 receptions for 1,122 yards and 17 touchdowns as a senior. His quarterback in high school was Kyle Allen. He held the Arizona high school record for career receptions, before Kade Warner, the son of Kurt Warner, broke his record. Andrews committed to the University of Oklahoma to play college football.

College career
Andrews switched from wide receiver to tight end at Oklahoma. After redshirting his first year in 2014, he played in all 13 games with one start in 2015 and had 19 receptions for 318 yards and seven touchdowns. In 2016, Andrews started 11 of 13 games, recording 31 receptions for 489 yards and seven touchdowns. He was the recipient of the 2017 John Mackey Award. In early January 2018, it was announced that Andrews would forgo his senior year at Oklahoma in favor of the 2018 NFL draft. Andrews finished his three years at Oklahoma with the sixth most touchdown receptions (22) by any receiver and had the most receiving yards (1,765) by a tight end.

Pre-draft
On January 4, 2018, Andrews announced his decision to forgo his remaining eligibility and enter the 2018 NFL Draft. Andrews attended the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis and completed all of the combine and positional drills. His overall performance was described as solid by scouts and analysts. On March 14, 2018, Andrews participated at Oklahoma's pro day, but chose to stand on his combine numbers and only performed positional drills. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Andrews was projected to be a second round pick by NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked as the fourth best tight end prospect in the draft by DraftScout.com, Scouts Inc., NFL analyst Mike Mayock, and Sports Illustrated.

2018
The Baltimore Ravens selected Andrews in the third round (86th overall) of the 2018 NFL Draft. Andrews was the fourth tight end drafted in 2018 and was the second tight end drafted by the Ravens, after Hayden Hurst (25th overall). On May 16, 2018, the Baltimore Ravens signed Andrews to a four-year, $3.45 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $836,660.

Throughout training camp, Andrews competed to be a starting tight end against Hayden Hurst, Nick Boyle, and Maxx Williams. Head coach John Harbaugh named Andrews the fourth tight end to start the regular season, behind Hurst, Williams, and Boyle.

In the season opener against the Buffalo Bills, Andrews made his NFL debut and had three receptions for 31 yards in the 47–3 victory. On September 13, Andrews scored his first-career touchdown in the 23–34 loss to the Cincinnati Bengals.

Andrews closed out the 2018 regular season with 34 receptions for 552 yards and three touchdowns. He was responsible for two of the Ravens longest passing plays that season. The first was a 74-yard catch-and-run against the Oakland Raiders on November 25 and the second was a 68-yard touchdown against the Los Angeles Chargers on December 22. He led all rookie tight ends in receiving yards and finished third in receptions.

2019
In Week 1 against the Miami Dolphins, Andrews had eight catches for 108 yards and one touchdown as the Ravens won 59–10. In Week 2 against the Arizona Cardinals, Andrews caught eight passes for 112 yards and one touchdown as the Ravens won 23–17. In Week 16 against the Cleveland Browns, Andrews caught six passes for 93 yards and two touchdowns during the 31–15 win. Overall, Andrews finished the 2019 season with 64 receptions for 852 receiving yards and ten receiving touchdowns. His ten receiving touchdowns led the league among tight ends and tied with Cooper Kupp for second in the league among all positions. He was named to his first Pro Bowl for his efforts in the 2019 season.

2020
Andrews started the 2020 season off with five catches for 58 yards and two receiving touchdowns in the Ravens' 38–6 victory over the Browns. In Week 3 against the Kansas City Chiefs, Andrews caught three of his eight targets and dropped a potential touchdown pass in the end zone during the 20–34 loss. Andrews rebounded in the following week’s game against the Washington Football Team, catching three passes for 57 yards and two touchdowns during the 31–17 win. In Week 11 against the Tennessee Titans, Andrews recorded five catches for 96 yards and a touchdown during the 24–30 overtime loss. He was placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list by the team on November 30, 2020, and activated on December 9. Andrews finished the 2020 season with 58 receptions for 701 receiving yards and seven receiving touchdowns.

2021
On September 6, 2021, the Ravens signed Andrews to a four-year, $56 million extension including $37.6 million guaranteed. In Week 3 against the Detroit Lions, Andrews had five receptions for 109 yards in a 19–17 comeback win. It was Andrews' first 100-yard game since Week 2 of the 2019 season. In Week 5 against the Indianapolis Colts, Andrews caught 11 of 13 targets for 147 yards and two touchdowns as well as two two-point conversion receptions (all career-highs), helping the Ravens to rally and win in overtime 31–25. Later that season, Andrews recorded three straight 100-yard receiving games between Weeks 14–16. In Week 14, Andrews recorded 11 receptions (tying his career-high from earlier in the season) for 115 yards and a touchdown in a 22–24 loss to the Browns. The next week, he had 10 receptions for 136 yards and two touchdowns in a 30–31 loss to the Green Bay Packers. In Week 16, he had eight receptions for 125 yards and a touchdown in 21–41 loss to the Bengals.

Andrews would go on to finish the season setting a career high in receptions (107) and receiving yards (1,361) to go along with 9 receiving touchdowns in 17 games played. At the end of the season, Andrews was voted into his second Pro Bowl and was named First-team All-Pro by the Associated Press. He was ranked 32nd by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2022.

2022
Andrews entered the 2022 season as a full-time starter for the first time in his career. In a Week 2 38–42 loss to the Dolphins, he had his first 100-yard receiving game of the season with nine receptions for 104 yards and a touchdown along with a three yard rush. The next week against the New England Patriots, he had eight receptions for 89 yards and two touchdowns in the 37–26 win. Andrews recorded his second 100-yard performance in a Week 6 20–24 loss to the New York Giants, finishing the game with seven receptions for 106 yards and a touchdown. He finished the 2022 season with 73 receptions for 847 receiving yards and five receiving touchdowns in 15 games and starts.

2023
Andrews entered the season as inactive with a quad injury, sitting out Week 1 against the Houston Texans. On November 16, during a Week 11 game against the Bengals, Andrews injured his ankle during the first quarter after being tackled by Bengals' linebacker Logan Wilson. Andrews was brought back to the locker room for further evaluation. After the game, it was announced he had suffered a cracked fibula and an ankle ligament injury, sidelining him for the rest of the regular season. Andrews underwent ankle surgery on November 21, and was placed on the injured reserve on November 25. Andrews was activated off of injured reserve on January 26, 2024 ahead of the AFC Championship game against the Kansas City Chiefs.

Ravens franchise records

 * Most single-season receiving yards: 1,361 (2021)
 * Most receptions in a single season: 107 (2021)
 * Most touchdown receptions by a tight end in a season: 10 (2019)
 * Most receiving yards by a tight end in rookie season: 552 (2018)
 * Longest regular season reception by a tight end: 74 yds (2018)

Personal life
Because of his Type 1 diabetes, Andrews wears an insulin pump, except when he plays football. He serves as a spokesperson for those with diabetes and speaks with young people about its effects and ways to live with diabetes.

His brother Jack is a urologist, his sister Annie is a dentist, and his other brother, Charlie, works in real estate.

title: Mark Andrews (American football)


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Rosi Sánchez

Rosaura del Carmen Sánchez Luján, known as Rosi Sánchez (born 2 December 1974) is a Spanish former basketball player who played most of her career in local club Sandra Gran Canaria and in the Italian League. She won two Spanish Cups, two Italian Leagues and the 1999 Ronchetti Cup. With the Spanish national team she won two bronze medals in the EuroBasket. She played in the EuroCup Women from 2006 to 2011 with four different teams.

National team
Sánchez made her debut with the senior team in 1997, when she was 22 years old. She played from 1996 to 2004, with 121 caps with 7.1 PPG, participating in the Athens 2004 Olympics, two World Championships and three EuroBaskets:

 * 5th 1991 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship (youth)
 * 5th 1997 Eurobasket
 * Bronze_medal_europe.svg 2001 Eurobasket
 * 5th 2002 World Championship
 * Bronze_medal_europe.svg 2003 Eurobasket
 * 6th 2004 Summer Olympics

title: Rosi Sánchez


text:
Talk:High School Mathematics Extensions/Supplementary/Basic Counting

Expansion needed
The class I'm at (in school) is recently teaching about the counting method, and it seems almost everyone(except a few like me) in my class didn't understand it. I think the explanation at this page is not very enough, and more sections can be added:

1)The 'AND' and 'OR' combination(that is things like 2*5*4)

2)Factorial and its application(For example 4!)

Then it's the ordered and then unordered selection --Lemontea 11:31, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * ✅ All covered. I'll be on the 'AND' and 'OR' combinations in the days to come, I think they would serve as a good introduction for the probability chapter. --Vito Francisco 01:58, 2 February 2016 (UTC)

Not Clear
They tried to teach this in 7th grade and did a bad job explaining it. the Wikis should do better. in the unordered selection it jumps to a formula with no explanation. --Phoebus 00:33, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I added a bit of explanation of the general formulas, but I'm not sure if it's enough. I haven't taught classes below college level. --Jwwalker 04:30, 15 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Permutations and combinations
Isn't the things described in this chapter normally called permutations and combinations. Zginder 23:16, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

 * ✅ Added clarification. Thanks for your input. --Vito Francisco 01:58, 2 February 2016 (UTC)

Combination with repetition
To do: Needs more tangible examples and teen-friendly (less rigorous and abstract) language. --Vito Francisco 02:04, 2 February 2016 (UTC)


text:
2015 Open 13 – Singles

Ernests Gulbis was the defending champion, but lost to Jérémy Chardy in the second round.

Gilles Simon won the title, defeating Gaël Monfils in the final, 6–4, 1–6, 7–6(7–4).

Seeds
The top four seeds receive a bye into the second round. • 🇨🇦 Milos Raonic (second round)

• Stan Wawrinka (quarterfinals)

• Ernests Gulbis (second round)

• 🇪🇸 Roberto Bautista Agut (semifinals)

• 🇫🇷 Gilles Simon (champion)

• 🇧🇪 David Goffin (second round, retired)

• 🇫🇷 Gaël Monfils (final)

• 🇨🇿 Lukáš Rosol (first round)

Seeds
🇦🇹 Jürgen Melzer (first round) 🇹🇷 Marsel İlhan (qualifying competition) 🇫🇷 Kenny de Schepper (qualifying competition) 🇫🇷 Nicolas Mahut (qualified) 🇫🇷 Pierre-Hugues Herbert (qualified) 🇸🇰 Norbert Gombos (second round) 🇩🇪 Alexander Zverev (qualified) 🇷🇴 Marius Copil (first round)

Qualifiers
• # 🇫🇷 Pierre-Hugues Herbert

• # 🇩🇪 Alexander Zverev

• # 🇫🇷 David Guez

• # 🇫🇷 Nicolas Mahut

title: 2015 Open 13 – Singles


text:
User:Ashley.milne/sandbox

Control and Treatment
Bordetellosis most negatively effects young turkey poultry flocks, with clinical signs normally seen at 2-6 weeks of age. In outbreak flocks, the morbidity can be high (80-100%), but mortality is usually low (<10%). However, the severity of disease can be exacerbated by adverse environmental conditions (low temperature, high ammonia and dust, low humidity) and secondary bacterial infections; increasing mortality up to 40% or 60%. It is uncommon to see outbreaks in breeder flocks, but up to 20% morbidity with no mortality is reported. Generally, the most common comorbidity associated with increased severity of disease and mortality is secondary infection with E. coli.  B. avium is thought to decrease clearance of secondary organisms in the trachea which allow them to set up infection. Most turkey poults with B.avium infection without secondary complications will recover from bordetellosis in 4-6 weeks, and resistance is formed at 5-6 weeks.

Bordetellosis, turkey coryza, or rhintracheitis, is highly transmissible. Small backyard turkey flocks a mile from large commercial farms have shown isolated infections of B. avium. Transmission is by direct contact between birds, or aerosol droplets that contaminate water or litter. B. avium survival and transmission in the environment is highly regulated by temperature and humidity. It can survive in the environment less than 2 days at higher temperatures (40°C), up to a month with low temperature (10°C) and humidity (32-58%), and up to 6 months in feed, water and damp litter. Good bio-security protocols, thorough cleaning, and excellent husbandry practices are the best methods for controlling outbreaks. Optimal temperature, humidity, and control of ammonia and dust are critical to reduce B.avium growth in the environment and reduce irritants to the tracheal epithelium. Most common disinfectants used do kill B. avium. Thorough cleaning includes removal of litter and other fomites between flocks, disinfection of the barn and flushing of water lines with disinfectants, and fumigation with methyl-bromide or formaldehyde. Foot baths, using on farm-clothing, controlling traffic between barns, preventing contact with wildlife, and showers between sites also reduces transmission between farms. For infected flocks, increasing ventilation and reaching optimal temperature are key. It has been reported that niacin or 0.016% oxy-halogen added to water lines given early in life reduces the severity of bordetellosis.

Antibiotic treatment is not considered effective for B. avium infections, and there is conflict in evidence for susceptibility. The mechanism of resistance in some strains of B. avium have been recorded. This includes antibacterial resistance genes encoded on plasmids (pRAM resistance genes to tetracycline and 2 sulfonamides) and lack of a penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3) which drugs bind to to inhibit cell wall synthesis. Plasmid conjugation between B. avium isolates also occurs. The difficulty with characterizing antibiotic resistance and susceptibility in B. avium strains is most strains will appear sensitive in vitro, but in reality has a much different outcome in vivo. Most isolate strains of B. avium have resistance to a number of antibiotics. Resistance has been elucidated to aztreonam, ampicillin, tetracycline, cephalosporins, penicillins, sulbactams, sulfonamides, streptomycin, carbapenem, imipenem, fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, cefoperazon, cefepime, cetazidime, piperacillin and amikacin. However, some susceptibility has also been shown to ampicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, and co-trimoxazole. Isolates are believed to be sensitive in vitro but not in vivo due to the inability of the drug to reach therapeutic doses within the tracheal epithelium of turkeys where bacteria dwell.

Two vaccines are available for poultry against B. avium bordetellosis: a temperature sensitive mutant live strain of B.avium and a bacterin isolate vaccine. Bacterins are administered to breeder hens to induce maternal IgG to pass onto their progeny, providing maternal immunity up to 4 weeks in poults. The mutant live-strain is administered to poults twice; at hatchery and then at 2-3 weeks of age. However, vaccines are not known to be very efficacious, and may only protect against severe clinical signs, or delay onset of disease, not stop the spread of infection. Most significant immunity in turkey poults is likely going to be acquired humoral immunity. Vaccinations are considered if there is recurrence in outbreaks of bordetellosis.

title: User:Ashley.milne/sandbox


text:
Van Dwelling/History

Throughout history there are accounts of nomads, people who are not tied down to any specific place. The nomadic lifestyle has never truly disappeared, though in many industrialized countries it has become quite uncommon. Van Dwelling allows those in industrialized areas to experience a nomadic lifestyle of sorts, without giving up all modern comforts or the mobility afforded by the automobile.

title: Van Dwelling/History


text:
Amateur Radio Manual/What is Resistance and Conductance

Unlike an ideal conductor the real material constituting any kind of conductor, e.g. copper, contains in some amount impurities (other materials). Own characteristic qualities to resist to the flow of charges (electrons) if a difference of potential is applied (voltage) can be measured too. Temperature influences heavily this characteristic of resisting to the charges flow. We can imagine that inside the conductor the atoms and electrons become exagitated because of temperature. Higher temperature inducts more exagitation and electrons move in all directions increasing again the resistance of the conductor.

In other words, resistance is a phenomena which counterposes to the ordinate flow of charges in a conductor.

Resistance is measured in Ohm (Ω) (from the German scientist).


text:
User:Anandmohand20151/sandbox

Hello this is Home Page of Prof (Dr.) Anand Mohan, Director, National Institute Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, India.

title: User:Anandmohand20151/sandbox


text:
Road signs in Estonia

Road signs in Estonia ensure that transport vehicles move safely and orderly, as well as to inform the participants of traffic built-in graphic icons. These icons are governed by the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic and Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. The system is covered in Liiklusmärkide ja teemärgiste tähendused ning nõuded fooridele and the standards document EVS 613:2001 Traffic signs.

Since Estonia was part of the Soviet Union, Estonia used the Soviet road sign standard before adopting its own road sign standard. After the declaration of independence of Estonia from the Soviet Union and the subsequent collapse of the Soviet Union, it became necessary to create its own standard for road signs in Estonia. Unlike most post-Soviet states, modern road signs in Estonia look different from those used in neighbouring Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania.

title: Road signs in Estonia


text:
Juneteenth

Etymology
, commemorating the anniversary of June 19, 1865, when General  (1821–1876) issued  in Galveston, Texas, to enforce President ’s  of September 22, 1862. The General Order stated that all previously enslaved people in Texas were now free. Entered wider usage after becoming a federal holiday in 2021.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Also more fully as Juneteenth Day: the United States national holiday commemorating the end of slavery, observed on June 19.

Translations

 * Catalan: Dia De l'Emancipació
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 黑奴解放日
 * German: Emanzipationtag, Freilassungtag
 * Polish: Teksański Dzień Emancypacji, Dzień Wyzwolenia
 * Portuguese: Dia da Emancipação
 * Spanish: Día de la Emancipación

title: Juneteenth


text:
spartire

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to share out
 * 2) to separate
 * 3) to part (hair)

Conjugation
Including lesser-used forms:

title: spartire


text:
User:Chrisfitzpatrick

Born 6th August 1983 to Mike & Elaine Fitzpatrick in Sheffield, England, Chris is a Professional Tennis Coach at Beauchief Tennis Club. He grew up with a sporting background & being the third of four children, had a competitive anture instilled at a young age.

title: User:Chrisfitzpatrick


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article removal candidates/Frankfurt School

Frankfurt School

 * Article is no longer a featured article.

 * First Farc

With only three references and no inline citations, this article does not meet the current standard. It could also be made a little longer.--Bkwillwm 08:42, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Conditional keep At its current length, I think this is quite a good summary of both the history of, and the theoretical developments associated with, the School. Rather than making it any longer (which would involve increasing the complexity of the content to explain more of the concepts — something that might deter readers of a less academic disposition), it might be better to spin off explanatory material to separate pages. The major problem lies in the absence of any proper referencing but, for someone with access to a good library, it should not be too difficult to remedy this. Thus, subject to remedial work on citations, I would recommend a keep. David91 18:47, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Remove
 * References: should be referenced better, the image too. (Image should also be made to look prettier... but that's not so important) -- Especially necessary to reference where we got the quotes from, especially since translation could matter for some of them.
 * Criticism... this section is just bad... it has no real integration and is passive voice criticism and then a list of critics. This is something beyond the references that needs to be worked on to bring this up to par.  It doesn't need to be in its own section... it can be integrated into each phase (because criticism differs by phase)... but it does deserve to be there in some sense.
 * Avoid weasel words, Avoid peacock terms... I see a bunch of this in the article... especially the weasel words talking about who has been influenced.
 * I'm not an expert on this by any means... but from my limited knowledge it just seems that this article doesn't flow so well in its present form and really needs work to be on the level of the new featured articles. I do agree with not making this too complex in terms of theory since that would make it long (and should be in sub-articles)... however, since we're going the summary route it needs to be thematic and explain the overtones of the school rather than be anecdotal quoting different works willy-nilly (which this does to some extent... like where it just digresses into Adorno's philosophy of music)
 * gren グレン 15:43, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Remove. For an article such as this, references are definately needed. In addition, that massive image in the "First Phase" section is hard to read and understand and strikes me as an amateurish way of laying out the information. The information in that image should be written out in the standard encyclopedia format (using sections and subsections) that all our best articles use. I also agree with the issues gren raised. --Alabamaboy 00:13, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep. Come on people, perfection in a little much to ask for when the article is open for editing by everyone. The article is a very good summary of it's topic and does have references. Would it be better if all the most important points were cited to reliable sources? Of course. I've probably pushed as hard as anyone to get to the point people reallize inline citations are needed for new FACs, but to go back and apply that to all FA's isn't a good idea. We'd be left with 300 FA's. If it weren't referenced at all, then yes I agree that's unnaceptable and we should remove the rest of those if they aren't fixed. As for the criticisms section, fix that, don't list it at FARC. - Taxman Talk 16:42, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Remove. No inline refs is a problem, but it's way too short for such an important topic. Just look at the 'Critics of the Frankfurt School' which is basically a stub section, or 'Major Frankfurt school thinkers and scholars' which is just a list! This could barely pass for 'History of a Frankfurt School', and as a comprehensive article about the school it is a complete failure.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 17:21, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Strong remove. How could this article possibly be comprehensive without going into Habermas properly? (the article mentions his views, but not nearly enough is covered). Also, it lacks citations, even leaving direct quotations uncited. Additionally, "Critics of the Frankfurt School" is essentially a section stub and is therefore far from comprehensive. Mi kk er (...) 03:12, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep: Looks good to me. If you feel something is missing - why not add it? Giano | talk 16:56, 6 April 2006 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/UserReports/<IP_ADDRESS>

Links

 * saadatrent.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
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 * COIBot domainredlist search for link <IP_ADDRESS> gives:
 * saadatrent.com (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist (diff))
 * saadatrent.com (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist (diff))
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 * Link would be caught by rule \bsaadatrent\.com\b on the monitor list (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist (diff - )).
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title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/UserReports/178.131.173.211


text:
Stadion Aldo Drosina

Stadion Aldo Drosina (Stadio Aldo Drosina) is a multi-use stadium in Pula, Croatia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of NK Istra 1961 and formerly NK Istra. The stadium has a capacity of 8,900. From March 2009 to January 2011 the stadium underwent a major reconstruction. The west stand was completely demolished and redesigned, and a roof was added over the west stand. New seats replaced bench seating all around the stadium, and the three existing stands were cleaned up. On 9 February 2011, Croatia hosted the Czech Republic in an international football friendly for the inaugural match to open the stadium. The match finished with a 4–2 win for Croatia.

The stadium is named after Aldo Drosina (1932–2000), a noted football player and coach from Pula.

title: Stadion Aldo Drosina


text:
Raghunandan Panshikar

Raghunandan Panshikar (born 1963) is a Hindustani classical vocalist. He has received training in the Jaipur gharana Panshikar has established his own unique treatment to classical singing under tutelage of Kishori Aamonkar, which diverted from traditional Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana. A versatile artist, he sings semi classical forms like Bhajans, Thumris, Gazals and Natya Sangeet with panache. Recipient of several prestigious awards,Panshikar has made his mark in performances throughout India as well as in Europe, the United States and the Middle east.

Early life
Panshikar was born into a family of Sanskrit scholars and classical musicians. He is the son of the eminent Marathi stage actor and producer Prabhakar Panshikar. Panshikar's aptitude for music was recognized and fostered from an early age. He began his formal study of music in Mumbai at the age of eleven. He learned music from the late Vasantrao Kulkarni for two years. Later he took training from the doyen of Jaipur gharana, Kishori Amonkar from the age of 17, over next 20–22 years. During this time, Raghunandan had the rare fortune to be guided by Kishori Tai's mother, Mogubai Kurdikar.

Awards

 * Smt.Manik Varma Puraskar
 * Upadhye Smriti Puraskar for contribution in Indian Classical Music
 * He has been awarded by Swaryogini Dr. Prabha Atre award from Gaanvardhan & Tatyasaheb Natu foundation Pune, for his significant achievements and performing career.

Achievements

 * (Best Music Direction)For The Musical Drama 'Avgha Rang Ekachi Zala'
 * Z Gaurav Puraskar
 * Ma.Taa.(Maharashtra Times) Sanman
 * An Award from Maharashtra State
 * Ramkrishnabua Vaze Puraskar

title: Raghunandan Panshikar


text:
geriarchy

Etymology
+.

Noun

 * 1)  Rule by the elderly.
 * 2)  A society or organization so ruled.

title: geriarchy


text:
User:Wlr3iii/sandbox

Multiplayer online battle arena is the article I will be attempting to update.

I chose to update this article because there was one piece of information that I believe is relevant to any and every MOBA I have played. That happens to be the roles. Every MOBA has some sort of role system in place because their characters are designed to be unique and have a play style that fits a certain need or want by the developer.

Role
In most Multiplayer Online Battle Arenas there are five main roles. Carry, Mage, Tank, Support/Healer, Jungler. Every game does not always have the same number some may have more while others less.

The carry role, also known as dps (damage per second), is a character who is to be the main source of physical damage in fights. They scale and itemize themselves to do the most damage against enemy characters and objectives. The mage role is a character who normally deals the most magic damage in fights. The main difference between the mage and carry role is the type of damage they produce and how they produce that damage. The carry role does damage off of their high attack speed and some spells while the mage does damage based off of spells and low attack speed.

The tank role is the front liner, the character who has a lot of health and armor so that they are able to stay in fights a lot longer and disrupt the flow of battle. Supports/healers are characters who support the entire team, they have abilities that are meant to aid allies and slightly hurt enemies. Some supports have healing abilities which can be very useful in fights, giving health to an ally while the enemy is losing more and more of theirs. The last role is the jungler. Since the map has routes and passages that connect the three lanes a jungler's responsibility is to defeat creatures in those routes, known as the jungle, and aid other lanes that need assistance. When a jungler aids another lane it adds another person to a normally one versus one fight or two versus fight, increasing in odds of the jungler's team.

title: User:Wlr3iii/sandbox


text:
Ipsapirone

Ipsapirone is a selective 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist of the piperazine and azapirone chemical classes. It has antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Ipsapirone was studied in several placebo-controlled trials for depression and continues to be used in research.

title: Ipsapirone


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/theearthschool.org

Links

 * theearthschool.org resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 1 additions.


text:
Baumea vaginalis

Baumea vaginalis, commonly known as sheath twig rush, is a flowering plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae, that is native to Western Australia.

The robust grass-like sedge is rhizomatous and perennial and has a tufted habit, it typically grows to a height of 0.6 to 1.5 m and to a width of 1.5 m. It blooms between October and November producing brown flowers.

It can be found in wet depressions, swamps and on the margins of lakes and creeks along coastal areas in the Peel, South West and Great Southern regions where it grows in dark brown sandy soils.

title: Baumea vaginalis


text:
Talk:Touchstone Pictures/Archives/2016

Website can't be edited in infobox
I updated the URL at the bottom, but I haven't been able to find any way to do the same to the link within the infobox at the top of the page. I tried both the page source and visual editors, but it's completely hidden from view. This is a problem because Walt Disney Studios updated its website recently, so now the link in the infobox leads to a 404 page. MadManAmeica (talk) 22:46, 20 September 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Touchstone Pictures/Archives/2016


text:
Talk:Echos o' Faith

Fair use rationale for Image:EchosOFaith.jpg
Image:EchosOFaith.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 07:37, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Misspelled album title
The album title is spelled incorrectly. I corrected what I could, but the article title is still in error. Also, the ref to AllMusic here: https://www.allmusic.com/album/echoes-o-faith-mw0001888206 - has it spelled correctly, but was not sure how to change that either. Will seek out help on this, but if someone else with more expertise can make the corrections, pleas do so. THX1136 (talk) 02:46, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Echos o' Faith


text:
Middlesex Downs, New Jersey

Middlesex Downs is an unincorporated community located within Monroe Township in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The wholly residential settlement contains small homes along Dey Grove Road and Bergen Mills Road with larger homes in developments towards the south. The township-owned James Monroe Memorial Park is also located in this settlement. Much of the area to the north of Dey Grove Road consists of forest land but at one time this was planned to become a large planned community arranged in a street grid. The small property parcels and paper streets remain on township tax maps today.

title: Middlesex Downs, New Jersey


text:
Radiation Oncology/Breast/Phyllodes

Overview
The term phyllodes tumor, which was previously known as cystosarcoma phyllodes, refers to a group of lesions with varying metastatic potential. These tumors are quite rare. The word "phyllodes" derives from the Greek word for "leaf" and is used because the tumor has a leaf-like, lobulated appearance when sectioned.

These tumors are often very large and grow rapidly. Median age of presentation is 45 yrs, which is 20 yrs later than fibroadenomas.

Pathologically, has both epithelial and stromal components. Both must be present. It's the stromal component that has the metastatic potential.

Can be classified as benign, borderline, or malignant. This classification is based on the tumor margins (pushing=benign, infiltrative=malignant), mitotic activity, and overgrowth of stroma (which is probably the most important feature).

Lymph node metastases are rare.

Distant metastases are usually to the lung, as is the pattern seen in sarcomas.

Prognostic factors:
 * local recurrence - 15% overall. low LR rates with tumors < 2cm, but there is no correlation between size and LR.
 * distant mets - large size predicts metastatic spread. histologic type is prognostic. 10% DM rate overall, 20% in malignant lesions. LR does not predict DM.
 * regional spread - lymph node involvement in 10% overall

Disease free survival:
 * 96%, 74%, and 66% for benign, borderline, malignant tumors (Reinfuss et al)

Surgery:
 * Local recurrence is high with positive margins. Require wide local excision.  For benign lesions that were suspected to be fibroadenomas and excised without wide margins, a watch and wait approach is feasible.  Borderline/malignant tumors should be re-excised if there are positive margins. Mastectomy has no benefit over breast conserving surgery, but mastectomy can be done when the cosmetic outcome of a lumpectomy would be poor due to a large tumor in a small breast.  No need for axillary dissection.

Local recurrence can be treated with additional surgery.

For metastatic disease, chemotherapy is palliative.

Chemotherapy may be used in malignant types, using similar agents to those used for sarcomas.

The role of radiotherapy is unclear.

Pathology:
 * Ward & Evans / MDACC; 1986 PMID 3019505 — "Cystosarcoma phyllodes. A clinicopathologic study of 26 cases." (Ward RM, Cancer. 1986 Nov 15;58(10):2282-9.)
 * 26 pts. Evaluated pathologic factors for correlation with outcome
 * Described "stromal overgrowth" associated with metastatic disease and cancer-related death.

Literature

 * Harvard; 2019 (2000-2015) PMID 31814215 -- "Local recurrence after breast-conserving therapy for phyllodes tumors: A 15-year retrospective review." (Cervoni GE, Breast J. 2019 Dec 9. doi: 10.1111/tbj.13707. [Epub ahead of print])
 * Retrospective. 69 patients (48 benign, 13 borderline, 8 malignant). Median F/U 5 years
 * Local recurrence: benign 4%, borderline 0%, malignant 38% (SS). None of patients who received RT had a recurrence.

 * Rare Cancer Network; 2008 (1971-2003) PMID 17931796 — "Phyllodes tumor of the breast." (Belkacemi Y, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Feb 1;70(2):492-500.)
 * Retrospective. 443 pts, international. 85% breast conservation, 15% mastectomy. 64% benign, 18% borderline, 18% malignant. Adjuvant RT in 9%. Median F/F 8.8 yrs.
 * Outcome: LR in 19%, DM in 3.4%. If benign 11%, borderline 29%, malignant 28%. Good prognostic factors include younger age, small size, benign vs borderline/malignant histology, ≤ 5 mitoses, no atypia, no stromal overgrowth, no necrosis
 * For pts with borderline or malignant tumor: RT associated with decreased LR, and TM associated with improved results. Benign tumors have excellent outcome with surgery alone. Recurences salvaged 92% with total mastectomy.
 * Conclusion: for borderline/malignant tumors, TM better than BCS. Consider adjuvant RT based on histologic criteria.

 * City of Hope; 2008 (1964-2005) PMID 18234448 -- "Malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast: local control rates with surgery alone." (Pezner RD, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Jul 1;71(3):710-3. Epub 2008 Jan 30.)
 * Retrospective. Review of IMPAC National Oncology Database. 478 patients with malignant phyllodes tumor, from 130 hospitals. No RT given. Median F/U 5.3 years
 * Outcome: 5-year LC lumpectomy 79%, mastectomy 91%.
 * LC By size: lumpectomy <2 cm 91%, 2-5 cm 85%, >5cm 59%; mastectomy 100%, 95%, 5-10 cm 88%, 10-20 cm 85%
 * Conclusion: Adjuvant RT should be offered for tumors >2 cm treated with lumpectomy, and >10 cm treated with mastectomy

 * SEER; 2006 (1983-2002) PMID 16998937 — "Malignant phyllodes tumor of the female breast: association of primary therapy with cause-specific survival from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program." (Macdonald OK, Cancer. 2006 Nov 1;107(9):2127-33.)
 * 821 pts. Median f/u 5.7 yrs. Cause-specific survival of 91%, 89%, 89% at 5/10/15 yrs. Mastectomy in 52%, breast conservation (BCS) in 48%.
 * BCS associated with improved CSS. Adjuvant RT associated with decreased CSS.
 * Conclusion: mastectomy was not found to provide a benefit in CSS. The role of adjuvant RT is uncertain.

 * MD Anderson; 2002 PMID 11013364 -- "Primary treatment of cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast." (Chaney AW, Cancer. 2000 Oct 1;89(7):1502-11.)
 * Retrospective. 101 patients (benign 58%, indeterminate 12%, malignant 30%). Stromal overgrowth 29%. Surgery lumpectomy 47% or mastectomy 53%. SM- in 99%, RT in 6%
 * Outcome: 10-year LC 8%, DM 13%. 10-year OS benign 79% vs. malignant 42%
 * Conclusion: Local failure low, if adequately resected disease, don't need adjuvant RT. If stromal overgrowth, chance of distant failure and should consider chemotherapy

Review

 * England (2001) - PMID 11423590 Full Text — "Phyllodes tumours." (Parker SJ, Postgrad Med J. 2001 Jul;77(909):428-35.)

title: Radiation Oncology/Breast/Phyllodes


text:
Celestia/Getting Started

Introduction to using Celestia
To start Celestia, you should double-click on its icon. As it starts, it first shows the Sun, and then takes your viewpoint to the sunlit side of the Earth. When you get there, you can tell Celestia to show you other interesting sights.

Initially, Celestia opens in a window on your screen. For a more immersive experience, you can tell Celestia to take over the entire display. Open Celestia's menu Render/Select Display Mode and choose an appropriate screen resolution. When it's in full-screen mode, if you move the cursor up to the top of the screen, you should see Celestia's menu bar again, where you can choose to go back to windowed mode.

Some may think Celestia is a game. In a way it is but it is much more than that. Like most programs (with graphics and objects) of today the mouse is the primary way of getting around. Celestia does use the mouse to rotate/panned the observers POV with a combination of left and right mouse click and drag functions. However to truly get the most out of Celestia the keyboard shortcut letters bring the full power and beauty of the program into play. People who are more game enthusiasts may find the interface of Celestia boring after a few minutes if they only use the mouse. So, start learning and memorizing the keyboard shortcuts. You can find a quick look of the keyboard shortcut commands in the Help/Control pulldown while the program is running. You can also find them in the Celestia User's Guide.

Below are some introductory events and places you can explore in Celestia, using the keyboard and mouse. You will notice below some letters and words are in bold face. These are the keyboard shortcuts that can be typed to control Celestia.

Earth's rotation and the pole star
This needs a fairly wide field of view – use the comma and dot (.) keys to adjust the window to around 60°. If you don't have the Earth on the screen, press the three keys H3G to go there. Then back away a little with the End key or your mouse's wheel. Adjust the number of stars with the [ and ] keys, setting a limiting magnitude of around 5.

Adjust the rate of time to 1000 times faster (LLL) so the Earth can be seen slowly turning. The Earth spinning is what gives us day and night. Type a "y" to hover over one point on the Earth and see it enter light and shadow (day and night) as the Earth turns. Use the arrow keys Shift-← and Shift-→ to move round the Earth and see where night and day start and end. You can put the mouse cursor over a piece of land and just watch that point as day and night pass over it. This is best done with the clouds turned off (I). To turn the "sync orbit" off again, you can press F to return to "follow" mode.

With the synchronous orbit on, back away from the Earth a little using the End key (or the rotary wheel of your mouse if it has one) so you can see more stars. You can press the Home key to move closer again. As you watch the stars go past, you might see distinctive patterns of stars go by. People used to imagine people and animals in the patterns in the stars. Press / to turn on the constellation lines, and = to turn on their names. You can use the space-bar to pause time and take a longer look at any interesting shapes.

With the mouse, right-click and drag upwards to turn to look more Northwards. By the time you are looking squarely at the South pole of the Earth, the pole star Polaris should be visible. It's the star that's at the end of the tail of Ursa Minor, the "Small Bear", often called "the Little Dipper". If you watch for a while, you will see that all stars seem to revolve around that point while Polaris itself doesn't move much at all.

Keeping this view, zoom closer to the Earth (Home) and notice the way day and night look on Earth from this view. Depending on the time of year, the Antarctic ice-cap might be on permanent daylight or permanent shadow. This can be easier to see if you speed up to 10000x (L). You can briefly speed up even more (use K to slow down again) to hop between seasons.

Other Planets
Start Celestia. You are looking at the Earth from the direction of the Sun. We want to look at the Earth from the other side. Back away from the Earth using the End key until the Earth is about the size of a pea, and then use Shift-← and Shift-→ to rotate around the Earth until the Sun is visible in the background. The Earth might be easier to see if you turn up the background illumination with the } key, although this is not realistic as it makes planets glow in the dark (only stars really do that). Now turn the time rate up to a million times faster by typing LLLLLL.

You should notice the Moon whizzing round the Earth. Move closer or further away (Home/End) until the moon uses the whole width of the screen. The Moon takes about 28 days to go round the Earth. If you slow down time a bit by pressing K, you should be able to count the number of days (turns of the Earth) it takes for the Moon to go round once. You can turn the Moon's name on and off by pressing M. If you see a giant mass of names appear, all together, it's probably the names of all Jupiter's moons in the distance – Jupiter has a lot of moons. Speed back up to a million times again.

You will notice that every year as the Sun goes past, it is accompanied by a collection of small bright dots. These are other planets. You can turn their names on and off with P. It's time to leave the Earth. Type HFC to follow and centre the Sun. Leave planet names on (P). Back away from the Sun a little and you will be able to see Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars moving from side to side as they orbit the Sun. If you back away further you will be able to see 9 planets. The outer ones don't seem to be moving much, so press L speed things up a little. Time is passing at about a year every 4 seconds now.

Let's turn on the planet's orbit lines – press O. They're not very clear seen edge on, so use the right mouse button to drag downwards until the orbits look circular, seen from above. You can't see all the orbit lines at once – if you move far enough away to get Pluto's orbit in, then the inner planet's orbits disappear. Move in to see the inner planet's orbits and the outer orbits are off the screen. By right-dragging, you can get a good edge-on view that shows that all the orbits are in almost exactly the same plane except for Pluto.

You may notice as Jupiter goes past that it has a huge mass of orbit lines for its many moons. Four of them are big enough to be seen from the Earth by using binoculars.

Time for a quick tour. This is possible best done with the orbit lines switched on. First, to about 1000x time rate (K,L). Then we can visit the 9 planets by typing 1G, 2G etc. Each of the number keys corresponds to a planet. Use Home and End (or the mouse scroll wheel) to zoom in and out, and right-drag to change the viewpoint and get a good look at each planet.

While visiting the outer planets, it is worth looking from above to see just how much like a little solar-system their moons make. You may occasionally see a black spot move across the sunlit surface of Jupiter – this is the shadow of one of the moons as it passes between Jupiter and the Sun.

Other Stars
Not all stars are like the Sun. Some stars are hotter than the sun, some cooler, bigger, smaller, brighter and dimmer, redder, bluer. Actually the blue ones are hotter, and the red ones cooler.

You cannot tell how far away stars are by just looking at them. So when people invented the constellations, they drew lines using stars that might be nearby, or far away. A good demonstration of this is to see how distorted familiar constellations would look if seen from a different angle – from a different place.

Turn on the constellation lines (/) and use dot and comma to set the field of view to around 60°. Centre a star in the constellation of the plough (Ursa Major, also called the Big Dipper) by pressing the Enter (↵)key, typing the name megrez and enter again. Then type CF to centre and follow the star. Now hold down the right mouse key and drag around the screen. Your viewpoint is now many light years away from the Earth, orbiting around the distant star Megrez. Try both with and without the constellation lines. You can plainly see the 3D pattern of the stars. If you move right round the back of the Plough (or Big Dipper), you can see that all the constellation lines seem to point roughly in the same direction – the direction of Earth.

It is interesting to return to the Sun while maintaining your view on Megrez – press T to track Megrez (keep it centred), then HG to go home. You can see the constellations return to their familiar shapes as we get back to the Sun. Press T again (or Esc) to stop tracking Megrez.

Another good star to do this with is Arcturus in the constellation of Boötes.

The constellations are all drawn with stars that are visible from the Earth, and are therefore the nearest stars to us. Turn the constellation lines on and then back a long way away (hold End), until all the lines are visible on the screen. Turn on more stars by holding the ] key and raise the limiting magnitude to about 10. Back away a little more until the whole of the galaxy is visible on the screen. Then right-drag so the galaxy is seen edge-on. You can see that the stars in the Celestia program form a sphere round the Sun. This is because we don't know the distances of all the other stars in the galaxy well enough to put their positions in the program – so the rest of the galaxy is just shown as a 'mist' of stars.

Reduce the limiting magnitude to 10 or less again with the [ key.

Other Galaxies
You can fly to many other galaxies, much like our own. For example, pressing ↵M 31↵g takes you to the Andromeda Galaxy (aka M 31), the closest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way. You can always go home again by typing the keys H3G.

title: Celestia/Getting Started


text:
User:MusikerBino/sandbox

Bassam HALAKA بسام حلقه (born in 6 April 1977) is an Austrian-Egyptian Composer, Conductor and Performer, Live-Electronics performer and Educator he established an international career as composer and performer.

Early life and education
Born in Al Jahrah District, Kuwait, Halaka Started piano lessons at age five in Kuwait and acoustic guitar at age 15 at the secondary school in Cairo.

title: User:MusikerBino/sandbox


text:
Talk:Bruce Shingledecker

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Bruce Shingledecker. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080724070847/http://www.bruceshingledecker.com/about-bruce/info_1.html to http://www.bruceshingledecker.com/about-bruce/info_1.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080724191119/http://wetcat.spaces.live.com/ to http://wetcat.spaces.live.com

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 17:19, 9 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bruce Shingledecker


text:
Hiroyuki Fujiwara

Hiroyuki Fujiwara (born 1 January 1935) is a Japanese field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

title: Hiroyuki Fujiwara


text:
hushing

Noun

 * 1) The act of one who hushes, or calls for silence.
 * 2) The use of a heavy discharge of water to uncover a mineral vein or wash ore.

title: hushing


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/NFL Rants and Raves

The result was   delete. Soft delete per limited amount of discussion. ItsZippy (talk • contributions) 12:33, 20 July 2012 (UTC)

NFL Rants and Raves

 * – ( View AfD View log  •  Stats )

Podcast does not meet WP:WEB Breno talk 14:16, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete Only one reliable source with any depth of coverage, and most likely only because it's "local news." OhNo itsJamie  Talk 14:35, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Internet-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 15:11, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Delete Facebook and Twitter are not reliable sources. --Artene50 (talk) 20:53, 12 July 2012 (UTC)