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Dutch intervention in Bali (1858)

Dutch intervention in Bali of 10–26 December 1858 was the fourth punitive expedition of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL) on the island. This expedition was directed against certain chiefs (pungawwa) of Buleleng who were fomenting revolt and opposition to the Dutch-appointed regent.

After the Dutch intervention of 1849, the prince of Bangli was given charge of the administration of Buleleng. Unable to win the confidence of either the chiefs or the people, he resigned in 1854 and the Dutch appointed a regent under the supervision of a Dutch controleur (comptroller). In Jembrana the people revolted against the oppressions of the restored prince, and the Dutch replaced him with another regent and two advisors, one Dutch the other approved by the local chiefs.

When the deposed prince of Jembrana, who had gone into exile in Buleleng, invaded his former princedom, the people failed to rise in support. The Dutch had the chiefs of Buleleng banish him from Bali. One pungawwa, Njoman Gempol of Bandjar Djawa, opposed this and tried to foment popular unrest against the Dutch by spreading rumours (true or false) of Dutch misrule on Java. Summoned by the Dutch authorities he refused to appear, and when the chiefs were asked to extradite him they refused. Towards the end of 1858 three warships, three transports and two kruisboten (cutters) under Lieutenant Captain (Kapitein-luitenant ter zee) van Hasselt left Java for Buleleng with a force consisting of the 13th Infantry Battalion and two mortars under Lieutenant Colonel Karel Felix van Steijn van Hensbroek. The total number of troops was 707 infantryman under 12 officers. Political control of the expedition fell to assistant residents Bosch and van Bloemen Waanders.

On 11 December 1858 the Dutch forces landed without resistance and began marching on Bandjar Djawa. They intended to arrest Njoman Gempol, but he fled into the kampungs. The show of force—and sacking of villages—was enough to get the chiefs to comply with the order to extradite Gompal. He was betrayed by some farmers and handed over. By the end of December the troops had returned to Surabaya. Gompal and his fellow chief, Ida Mahe Rai, were exiled to Java.

title: Dutch intervention in Bali (1858)


text:
Patkino

Patkino (Паткино) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
 * Patkino, Ozyorsky District, Moscow Oblast, a village in Boyarkinskoye Rural Settlement of Ozyorsky District of Moscow Oblast
 * Patkino, Ramensky District, Moscow Oblast, a village in Sofyinskoye Rural Settlement of Ramensky District of Moscow Oblast
 * Patkino, Vladimir Oblast, a village in Alexandrovsky District of Vladimir Oblast

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Patkino


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Best Recipes Ever episodes

The result was redirect to Best Recipes Ever. I already merged what could be of use. Tone 08:45, 24 August 2020 (UTC)

List of Best Recipes Ever episodes

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Borderline, but I don't think this meets WP:LISTN or WP:GNG. Posslibe ATD is merge/redirect to Best Recipes Ever. Personally I feel it wouldn't add much to that article. Boleyn (talk) 14:50, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Television-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 15:08, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Lists-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 15:08, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 * MERGE This should've been a merge discussion, or just put a redirect to Best Recipes Ever.  D r e a m Focus  18:45, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nothing of value to merge as none of the hundreds or so episodes (especially the six that a featured in the article) have any evidence of notability. Ajf773 (talk) 20:43, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete Nothing of encyclopedic value. Azuredivay (talk) 14:15, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Merge with Best Recipes Ever: It will have a better home here.   // Timothy ::  talk  03:44, 22 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
User:Bnax2/sandbox

Metal Assisted Chemical Etching (MACE)  - The process of wet chemical etching of semiconductors (mainly silicon) with the use of a metal catalyst, usually deposited on the surface of a semiconductor in the form of a thin film. As a metal catalyst, both noble metals (Au, Pt , Pd , Ag ) and base metals (Fe , Ni , Cu ) can act.

Porous silicon
The MACE process allows the production of porous silicon with photoluminescence.

Black silicon
Black silicon is silicon with a modified surface and is a type of porous silicon. There are several works on obtaining black silicon using MACE technology. The main application of black silicon is solar energy.

title: User:Bnax2/sandbox


text:
Deh Now, Rivand

Deh Now is a village in Rivand Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 130, in 36 families.

title: Deh Now, Rivand


text:
Nicene Creed (Roman Catholic Theology)

The Nicene Creed, Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed or Icon/Symbol of the Faith, is the most widespread Christian statement of faith.

Since its original formulation it continues to be used in the Roman Catholic, Syrian Orthodox (Jacobite) Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Assyrian, Anglican, Lutheran, and most other Protestant Churches.

This page is devoted to the theological, as opposed the historical, significance and interpretation. Note that the Nicene Creed is not the same as the Apostles' Creed.

History
The Creed was originally created at the First Council of Nicaea in 325. The version created there ended after the words "We believe in the Holy Spirit". The remainder was added at the First Council of Constantinople, in 381. In 431 the Council of Ephesus reaffirmed this version and decreed that "it is unlawful for any man to bring forward, or to write, or to compose a different (ἑτέραν) Faith as a rival to that established by the holy Fathers assembled with the Holy Ghost in Nicæa."

The purpose of a creed is to act as a yardstick of correct belief. A creed is an epitome, not a full definition, of what is required for orthodoxy. It was hoped that by memorizing this summary of the faith, lay people without extensive theological training would still be able to recognize deviations from orthodox doctrines based on the Bible as interpreted in Christian Tradition.

Text
The Nicene Creed

I believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible.

I believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages. God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father; through him all things were made. For us men and for our salvation, he came down from heaven, and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate, he suffered death and was buried, and rose again on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, and his kingdom will have no end.

I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son, who with the Father and the Son he is adored and glorified, who has spoken through the Prophets.

I believe in one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church. I confess one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. I look forward to the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen.

title: Nicene Creed (Roman Catholic Theology)


text:
Gustav Kross

Gustav Kross (12 July 1831 – 25 October 1885) was a Russian pianist and teacher. He is primarily remembered for being the soloist of the first, negatively-received Russian performance of Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1.

Biography
Gustav Gustavovich Kross was born in Saint Petersburg in 1831. He gave solo piano recitals from the 1850s. He was an enthusiastic supporter of the Russian Musical Society 1859-67. In 1862 he was among the first group of students at the fledgling Saint Petersburg Conservatory, where he studied under Anton Rubinstein and Adolf von Henselt. In 1865 he was in the inaugural class of graduates, along with Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and others.

From 1867 Kross taught piano at the Conservatory. Among his pupils were Vladimir Demyansky and Anna Ornatskaya, who were both early teachers of Sergei Rachmaninoff.

He is credited with the first performance in Russia of Franz Liszt's Piano Concerto No. 2 in A. There is a note of his performance of Litolff's Concerto Symphonique No. 4 in D minor, Op. 102.

But his name is most often associated with the first Russian performance of Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-flat minor. This occurred in Saint Petersburg on 1/13 November 1875, just under three weeks after its world premiere by Hans von Bülow in Boston, Mass., in the United States (25 October). Kross played under the baton of the conductor Eduard Nápravník, and in the presence of the composer. His performance was by all accounts execrable. Tchaikovsky referred to it as "an atrocious cacophony", and the critics were similarly negative, but they extended their remarks to the quality of the concerto itself. One critic said the concerto (Tchaikovsky's first concertante work) was "like the first pancake ...a flop".

Tchaikovsky then chose Sergei Taneyev for the Moscow premiere, and was so delighted with the result that Taneyev premiered all Tchaikovsky's later works for piano and orchestra and his Piano Trio in A minor.

Gustav Kross died in 1885 in the city of his birth, aged 54.

title: Gustav Kross


text:
Talk:Davey Alba

Employment with Bloomberg
Alba left NYTimes in March 2022, as documented in the page. She left the NYTimes and is no longer doing disinformation. I wish to discuss on talk page before changing, though. Is there any information that she still writes for the NYTimes? If not will change.Mwinog2777 (talk) 07:02, 8 November 2022 (UTC)

Clarification needed?
In intro clarification was requested for the information that she had reported on disinformation fot ther New York Times. Reference #2 clearly states that she was hired for such. I will await comments on my post and change if I see no objections.Mwinog2777 (talk) 23:26, 1 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Davey Alba


text:
Talk:Arno Villringer

COI tag (September 2022)
IP from Max Planck Society, John Mustache a one-time editor with an obvious pseudonymous name   Headbomb {t · c · p · b} 16:30, 24 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arno Villringer


text:
Portuguese/Contents/Irregular verbs

<< Portuguese:Contents

Irregular verbs are verbs that don't follow the normal pattern used in giving tense to verbs (as is the case with regular verbs). Instead, they have their own individual ways of adding tense.

For instance, in English we would end most past tense verb usages with the letters ED ("work", "clean", and "thank" become "worked", "cleaned", and "thanked"). But with irregular verbs, we make much different changes to them ("see", "think", and "do", become "saw", "thought", and "did"). The Portuguese language has instances such as these, and we will explore them in this section.

There are several levels of irregularity in Portuguese verbs. Most irregular of all are the so-called anomalous verbs, which are only two: ser and ir. These two verbs present stem change within the Present Indicative tense, which means that not all persons begin the same way:

ser  ir eu       sou   vou tu        és    vais você      é     vai ele/ela  é     vai nós      somos vamos vós*     sois  ides vocês    são   vão eles/elas são  vão

 * Vós is considered archaic in the vast majority of dialects. It is hardly heard today in Brazil and most of Portugal, although in some rural regions of Portugal it is still used in everyday language.

Furthermore, curiously, in several tenses (the Perfect and Plus-quam-perfect Preterites Indicative, the Imperfect and Future Subjunctive) the conjugation is exactly the same for these two verbs:

indicative             subjunctive perfect plusquamperfect imperfect future eu       fui     fora            fosse     for tu       foste   foras           fosses    fores ele/ela  foi     fora            fosse     for nós      fomos   fôramos         fôssemos  formos vós      fostes  fôreis          fôsseis   fordes eles/elas foram  foram           fossem    forem

There is also stem change in the Present Subjunctive, but the stems remain the same for all persons and numbers and they differ in each verb:

ser    ir eu       seja    vá tu       sejas   vás ele/ela  seja    vá nós      sejamos vamos vós      sejais  vades eles/elas sejam  vão

Tenses
The following are sections dedicated to the different tenses used for irregular verbs:
 * Present tense irregular verbs
 * Future tense irregular verbs
 * Imperfect tense irregular verbs
 * Preterite tense irregular verbs

Irregular verbs
Here is a list of the most common irregular verbs, along with their meanings (the links refer to the wiktionary project):

-ou verbs

 * ir - to go
 * ser - to be (as in a state of being)
 * estar - to be (as in location or temporary state)
 * dar - to give

-zer/-der (so/ço-go) verbs

 * dizer - to say
 * fazer - to do
 * trazer - to bring
 * poder - can/to be able to

-nho verbs

 * ter - to have, to exist (Brazil)
 * vir - to come
 * pôr - to put

ler/ver

 * ler - to read
 * ver - to see

-air verbs

 * cair - to fall
 * sair - to exit

Only irregular in P.I.

 * crer - to believe
 * fugir - to run away
 * rir - to laugh
 * subir - to climb

Only/mostly irregular in P.P.S.

 * caber - to fit
 * querer - to want
 * saber - to know (about)

Only irregular in first person P.I.

 * dormir (eu durmo) - to sleep
 * medir (eu meço) - to measure
 * ouvir (eu ouço) - to hear
 * pedir (eu peço) - to ask for
 * perder (eu perco) - to lose/to miss
 * seguir (eu sigo) - to follow
 * servir (eu sirvo) - to serve
 * sentir (eu sinto) - to feel
 * valer (eu valho) - to be valid/to be worth

Only 1-2 exceptions

 * requerer - to request/require

Haver

 * haver - very irregular verb, auxiliar and sometimes with the meaning "to exist"

title: Portuguese/Contents/Irregular verbs


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Christy Toye

Christy Toye (born 10 March 1983) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for St Michael's and also, formerly, for the Donegal county team.

He captained his county in 2005, Brian McIver's first season in charge; as well as in 2006, when Donegal contested the Ulster SFC final.

Along with his fellow club mate Colm McFadden, he would have been considered one of the mature elder statesman of the Donegal senior football panel, until his retirement from inter-county football in 2017.

Among other accolades, he has one All-Ireland Senior Football Championship title (2012), three Ulster Senior Football Championship titles (2011, 2012 and 2014) and one National Football League title (2007). He captained Donegal in the 2006 Ulster SFC final at Croke Park, appeared as a substitute for Leo McLoone against Mayo in the 2012 All-Ireland SFC final and was named to start against Kerry in the 2014 All-Ireland SFC final. He made a total of 65 championship appearances, a record shared with Donegal teammate Karl Lacey.

College
He captained a team to the Sigerson Cup.

Inter-county
Toye's mother's name is Rosemary.

Toye and Colm McFadden were in the same class at primary school; they played in (and won) the Ted Webb under-16 tournament, the same year they were part of the county minor team.

He started the first game of Brian McEniff's last spell as Donegal manager, a league defeat to Galway in Tuam in February 2003.

Toye burst onto the national scene with goals in the Championship against Meath in 2002 and Armagh in 2003, both at Croke Park. The goal against Armagh, in the 2003 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship semi-final, was the first goal conceded by the then reigning All-Ireland SFC champions in eight championship games going back to the previous year's semi-final, and gave Donegal a half-time lead; Toye accompanied it with a point but Donegal lost the game. He played for Donegal against Armagh in the 2004 Ulster SFC final at Croke Park, but went off injured and was replaced by Rory Kavanagh. He captained Donegal in the 2006 Ulster SFC final, against the same opponent, at the same venue. He was a member of the Donegal team that won the National Football League title in 2007, playing from the start to the end in the final against Mayo.

In 2009, while in the form of his life, Toye ruptured his Achilles tendon during an All-Ireland SFC qualifier against Clare at MacCumhaill Park. He was left as a spectator when Armagh knocked Donegal from the 2010 Championship in Crossmaglen. However, Toye returned the following season, rejuvenated by the arrival of Jim McGuinness as manager. He did not feature in the NFL or Ulster SFC campaign, but was sprung from the bench in the 2011 All-Ireland SFC quarter-final against Kildare at Croke Park. Within 25 seconds of his first appearance in 25 months, he had the ball in the back of the Kildare net, later making a further vital contribution by scoring the final equalising point of a game which Donegal went on to narrowly win through a memorable point from Kevin Cassidy in extra-time. Toye had previously scored a goal for Donegal at Croke Park in the 2003 All-Ireland SFC semi-final. Indeed, with four goals, Toye is Donegal's record goalscorer at Croke Park — one goal each against Meath (2002), Armagh (2003), Cork (2006), and Kildare (2011). He also scored a goal in the 2015 All-Ireland SFC qualifier defeat of Galway at Croke Park, finishing into the corner of the net in injury-time.

He came on as a second-half substitute for Leo McLoone in the 2012 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final, a game which was won by Donegal. He missed the entire 2013 season while battling trigeminal neuralgia but was back in 2014 in time for another shot at the All-Ireland. On 20 September 2014, he was named to start against Kerry in the following day's All-Ireland SFC final.

In January 2017, Toye retired from the inter-county game.

Club
Toye's club have not had much success at senior level. They reached the final of the 2011 Donegal Senior Football Championship—their first ever senior final—but lost, though Toye scored three points.

Previously, in 2004, they reached the final of All-Ireland Intermediate Club Football Championship, in which Toye scored a point.

Other work
Toye has been active in encouraging people to read more books.

Legacy
The "languid" style of Michael Langan has been compared favourably to that of Toye.

Honours

 * Donegal
 * All-Ireland Senior Football Championship: 2012
 * Ulster Senior Football Championship: 2011, 2012, 2014
 * National Football League Division 1: 2007

 * St Michael's
 * All-Ireland Intermediate Club Football Championship runner-up: 2004
 * Ulster Intermediate Club Football Championship: 2003
 * Donegal Intermediate Football Championship: 2003

title: Christy Toye


text:
Key Sato

Key Sato (28 October 1906 – 8 May 1978) was a Japanese painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

title: Key Sato


text:
Talk:2021 Masters (snooker)

Accuracy
, regarding these two edits, the article currently says:
 * Steve Davis referred to Yan as "naive" and that he needed a "flying start and get his tail up" to win the match in the second session.

However, the facts, as reported by the inline source, are as follows: Even though there was no crowd, the tension can arrive on a snooker table between two players, the pressures are still there. You have to pot the balls and put the last one in to kill off frames.
 * 1) The source says "Possessing a solid and unspectacular style of play, Yan displayed some naive shot selection at times in the opening session, but his calm demeanour never changes and he recovered to shock the heavy pre-match favourite." In this sentence, some of his shots were criticized as naive, and nowhere is this criticism attributed to Steve Davis.
 * 2) The above quoted words "flying start and get his tail up" do not appear anywhere in the source text. Nothing remotely similar is said; the words "flying" or "tail" do not appear at all, much less attributed to Davis.
 * 3) The only words attributed to Davis in the source are:

"We see it so often that players bottle it under pressure but fantastic for Yan, he played so well.

"There will be millions of people watching back in China who will know he has a chance at the World Championship coming up.

"I was impressed with his temperament, his nerve and that was as mature a performance we've seen since we saw John Higgins win here. So, virtually nothing in the disputed sentence corresponds to what the source actually said. GregorB (talk) 15:29, 19 January 2021 (UTC)
 * It looks like the BBC article was updated at the end of the final and the wording doesn't now appear in the article. You can see Davis's comment here at 16:17 on 17 Jan, so that link could be used to support the quote. --Bcp67 (talk) 16:27, 19 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Check the archived copy, which is the one that was being sourced. These news sources are quite often usurped like this. The archived copy IS in the source provided. Best Wishes,  Lee Vilenski (talk • contribs) 18:02, 19 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Internet archive is down at the moment, but AGF on that, and problem solved. The statement caught my attention because it seemed a bit disparaging, and it deviated quite a bit in tone from Davis' final remarks - but that's not too surprising really, because Yan was trailing at the time. GregorB (talk) 08:41, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Personally, I can do without statements like "Steve Davis said ...", even if they are sourced. Such comments are ok on the back page of a newspaper, but we're meant to be an encyclopedia. Nigej (talk) 09:28, 21 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure I agree. Having colour describing the matches is quite suitable. We would have what the players say about themselves in a summary and having expert opinions regarding how the play was is significantly better than us writing how the session played out in wikipedia's voice. Best Wishes,  Lee Vilenski (talk • contribs) 12:30, 21 January 2021 (UTC)
 * However, per WP:UNDUE, just cherry-picking a few quotes from Steve Davis doesn't really give an unbiased view of things. How do we cover all experts' opinions; just impossible. Better to have none. IMO Nigej (talk) 12:41, 21 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Hardly cherry picking, considering quotes are used throughout the article in this way. It's hardly a minority viewpoint, which is what UNDUE refers to. Best Wishes,  Lee Vilenski (talk • contribs) 14:04, 21 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Of course expert commentary is relevant, and there is no doubt Steve Davis is an expert. What is slightly concerning to me here is whether reducing his comments to a single dismissive statement is actually representative of his views or not (cf. quote given above: "impressed with his temperament, his nerve"). GregorB (talk) 15:17, 21 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Exactly. If Steve Davis had written a book on the Masters or Yan Bingtao, then his considered comments would perhaps be worth noting. But surely a few spur-of-the-moment throw-away remarks made during hours of commentary shouldn't be here. Nigej (talk) 16:35, 21 January 2021 (UTC)
 * The fact these were removed from the final version of the article also suggests they are of lesser importance. GregorB (talk) 19:52, 21 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I mean we can remove these, but I feel a comment about the first session, and a similar one after the event, saying how he was impressed with his temperament is quite representative of the final. Best Wishes,  Lee Vilenski (talk • contribs) 21:27, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:2021 Masters (snooker)


text:
User:Gcamp0321

"My Name Is A Lie" song (short)

My name is a lie when I say hi to the people that are going to die in a night where children are fine at the time where we need a little time to fly.

title: User:Gcamp0321


text:
Srđan Dabić

Srđan Dabić (Срђан Дабић; born 20 July 1962) is a Serbian business manager and former professional basketball player.

Playing career
A point guard, Dabić played 13 seasons in the Yugoslav Federal League from 1978 to 1991. During that time, he played for Crvena zvezda on two occasions, Radnički Belgrade, and Šibenka. In 1991, he signed for a Sofia-based team Levski Totel of the Bulgarian National League.

National team career
Dabić was a member of the Yugoslavia cadet team that won the gold medal at the 1979 European Championship for Cadets in Damascus, Syria. Over seven tournament games, he averaged 10.6 points per game.

Dabić was a member of the Yugoslavia junior team that won the silver medal at the 1980 European Championship for Juniors in Celje, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. Over seven tournament games, he averaged 10.9 points per game.

Business career
In July 2003, Dabić was elected as a board member for the Crvena zvezda Basketball Club.

Dabić was a director of Lukoil Serbia, a Serbian branch of Russian multinational energy corporation Lukoil. In 2003, Dabić represented Lukoil in the privatization of a Serbian state gas company Beopetrol.

Reportedly, Dabić was a business partner of Siniša Mali, a former Mayor of Belgrade. According to OCCRP, Dabić's Bulgaria-based company Akladi sold 24 apartments to Mali in Bulgaria.

title: Srđan Dabić


text:
Video games for education

Call for essays
Please contribute an essay or article on . Enter title that is not already on the list below and start your draft. If you wish to change your title, or have any other questions, visit us at Colloquium.
 * List of contributions

title: Video games for education


text:
User:Harper lee

INTRODUCTION
I have discovered wikipedia recently. Currently in the process of learning how to use the editor. Will make this page look cooler :)

title: User:Harper lee


text:
Introduction to set theory/Lecture 1

Introduction
We will start the course by introducing Propositional Logic. Even though this is a set theory class and not a logic course, most of notations from the logic courses can be used in set theory. Furthermore, logic is important in various proofs we will encounter in this course.

Notations
Here are the notations and what they mean:

Truth Table
Truth tables are used to analyze formulae of propositional logic.

Example
Truth table for $$p \to (q \to p)$$

Definition
A formula $$\theta \,\!$$ of propositional logic is a tautology if only T's occur in the $$\theta \,\!$$ column of the truth table.

Examples
Truth table for $$(p \to \lnot p) \to \lnot p = \theta$$

Truth table for $$(p \to (q \leftrightarrow \lnot q)) \to \lnot p = \theta$$

Truth table for $$(\lnot p \vee q) \to (p \to q) = \theta$$

Definition
The proposition formulas $$\varphi \,\!$$ and $$\theta \,\!$$ are tautologically equivalent  if $$\varphi \leftrightarrow \theta$$ is a tautology.

Examples
Contraposition: $$p \to q = \theta$$ is tautologically equivalent to $$\lnot q \to \lnot p = \varphi$$.

de Morgan's Law I: $$\lnot (p \lor q) = \theta$$ is tautologically equivalent to $$\lnot p \land \lnot q = \varphi$$.

de Morgan's Law II: $$\lnot (p \land q) = \theta$$ is tautologically equivalent to $$\lnot p \lor \lnot q = \varphi$$. Truth table for Assignment #1

Related Resources
The materials in this course overlap with Introductory Discrete Mathematics for Computer Science, particularly Lesson 1.

title: Introduction to set theory/Lecture 1


text:
Cryptography/RSA

RSA is an asymmetric algorithm for public key cryptography, widely used in electronic commerce. The algorithm was described in 1977 by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Len Adleman; the letters RSA are the initials of their surnames.

Clifford Cocks, a British mathematician working for GCHQ, described an equivalent system in an internal document in 1973. His discovery, however, was not revealed until 1997 due to its top-secret classification.

The security of the RSA system relies on the difficulty of factoring very large integers. New fast algorithms in this field could render RSA insecure, but this is generally considered unlikely.

The algorithm was patented by MIT in 1983 in the United States of America. The patent expired 21 September 2000. Since the algorithm had been published prior to the patent application, it could not be patented in other countries.

Key Generation
Suppose a user Alice wishes to allow Bob to send her a private message over an insecure transmission medium. She takes the following steps to generate a public key and a private key:

 * 1) Choose two large prime numbers p ≠ q randomly and independently of each other. Compute N = p q.
 * 2) Choose an integer 1 < e < N  which is coprime to (p-1)(q-1).
 * 3) Compute d such that d e ≡ 1 (mod (p-1)(q-1)).
 * 4) Destroy all records of p and q.
 * (Steps 2 and 3 can be performed with the extended Euclidean algorithm; see modular arithmetic. Additionally, solving for either e or d may be performed using the diophantine equation $$ed - k\phi(n) = 1$$.)

N and e are the public key, and N and d are the private key. Note that only d is a secret as N is known to the public. Alice transmits the public key to Bob, and keeps the private key secret.

You can generate and examine a real RSA keypair using OpenSSL and some Unix utilities. ( Cryptography/Generate a keypair using OpenSSL ).

Encrypting messages
Suppose Bob wishes to send a message m to Alice. He knows N and e, which Alice has announced. He turns m into a number n < N, using some previously agreed-upon reversible protocol. For example, each character in a plaintext message could be converted to its ASCII code, and the codes concatenated into a single number. If necessary, he can break m into pieces and encrypt each piece separately. He then computes the ciphertext c:

 * $$ c \equiv n^e\ (\mathrm{mod}\ N) $$

This can be done quickly using the method of exponentiation by squaring. Bob then transmits c to Alice.

Decrypting messages
Alice receives c from Bob, and knows her private key d. She can recover n from c by the following procedure:

 * $$ c^d \equiv n\ (\mathrm{mod}\ N) $$

Alice can then extract n, since n < N. Given n, she can recover the original message m.

The decryption procedure works because

 * $$ c^d \equiv n^{e \cdot d}\ (\mathrm{mod}\ N)$$

and ed ≡ 1 (mod p-1) and ed ≡ 1 (mod q-1). Fermat's little theorem yields

 * $$ n^{e \cdot d} \equiv n\ (\mathrm{mod}\ p) $$    and     $$ n^{e \cdot d} \equiv n\ (\mathrm{mod}\ q) $$

which implies (as p and q are different prime numbers)
 * $$ n^{e \cdot d} \equiv n\ (\mathrm{mod}\ pq) $$

Signing Messages
RSA can also be used to sign a message. Suppose Alice wishes to send a signed message to Bob. She produces a hash value of the message, encrypts it with her secret key, and attaches it as a "signature" to the message. This signature can only be decrypted with her public key. When Bob receives the signed message, he decrypts the signature with Alice's public key, and compares the resulting hash value with the message's actual hash value. If the two agree, he knows that the author of the message was in possession of Alice's secret key, and that the message has not been tampered with since.

Security
Suppose Eve, an eavesdropper, intercepts the public key N and e, and the ciphertext c. However, she is unable to directly obtain d, which Alice keeps secret. The most obvious way for Eve to deduce n from c is to factor N into p and q, in order to compute (p-1)(q-1) which allows the determination of d from e. No polynomial-time method for factoring large integers on a classical computer has yet been found, but it has not been proven that none exists. See integer factorization for a discussion of this problem.

It has not been proven that factoring N is the only way of deducing n from c, but no easier method has been discovered (at least to public knowledge.)

Therefore, it is generally presumed that Eve is defeated in practice if N is sufficiently large.

If N is 256 bits or shorter, it can be factored in a few hours on a personal computer, using software already freely available. If N is 512 bits or shorter, it can be factored by several hundred computers as of 1999. It is currently recommended that N be at least 1024 bits long.

In 1993, Peter Shor showed that a quantum computer could in principle perform the factorization in polynomial time. If (or when) quantum computers become a practical technology, Shor's algorithm will make RSA and related algorithms obsolete.

Should an efficient classical factorization code be discovered or a practical quantum computer constructed, using still larger key lengths would provide a stopgap measure. However, any such security break in RSA would obviously be retroactive. An eavesdropper who had recorded a public key and any ciphertext produced with it (easily found by just recording traffic to that public key's owner), could simply wait until such a breakthrough. And then decipher that ciphertext into the plaintext message. Therefore, it is inherently unsafe to exchange long-term secrets with RSA or any cipher with similar vulnerabilities.

Key generation
Finding the large primes p and q is usually done by testing random numbers of the right size with probabilistic primality tests which quickly eliminate most non-primes. If such a test finds a "probable prime", a deterministic test should then be used to verify that the number is indeed prime.

p and q should not be 'too close', lest the Fermat factorization for N be successful. Furthermore, if either p-1 or q-1 has only small prime factors, N can be factored quickly and these values of p or q should therefore be discarded as well.

One should not employ a prime search method which gives any information whatsoever about the primes to the attacker. In particular, a good random number generator for the start value needs to be employed. Note that the requirement here is both 'random' and 'unpredictable'. These are not the same criteria; a number may have been chosen by a random process (i.e., no pattern in the results), but if it is predictable in any manner (or even partially predicatable), the method used will result in loss of security. For example, the random number table published by the Rand Corp in the 1950s might very well be truly random, but it has been published and thus can serve an attacker as well. If the attacker can guess half of the digits of p or q, they can quickly compute the other half (shown by Coppersmith in 1997).

It is important that the secret key d be large enough. Wiener showed in 1990 that if p is between q and 2q (which is quite typical) and d < N1/4/3, then d can be computed efficiently from N and e. The encryption key e = 2 should also not be used.

Speed
RSA is much slower than DES and other symmetric cryptosystems. In practice, Bob typically encrypts a secret message with a symmetric algorithm, encrypts the (comparatively short) symmetric key with RSA, and transmits both the RSA-encrypted symmetric key and the symmetrically-encrypted message to Alice.

This procedure raises additional security issues. For instance, it is of utmost importance to use a strong random number generator for the symmetric key, because otherwise Eve could bypass RSA by guessing the symmetric key.

Key distribution
As with all ciphers, it is important how RSA public keys are distributed. Key distribution must be secured against a man-in-the-middle attack. Suppose Eve has some way to give Bob arbitrary keys and make him believe they belong to Alice. Suppose further that Eve can intercept transmissions between Alice and Bob. Eve sends Bob her own public key, which Bob believes to be Alice's. Eve can then intercept any ciphertext sent by Bob, decrypt it with her own secret key, keep a copy of the message, encrypt the message with Alice's public key, and send the new ciphertext to Alice. In principle, neither Alice nor Bob would be able to detect Eve's presence. Defenses against such attacks are often based on digital certificates or other components of a public key infrastructure.

Timing attacks
Kocher described an ingenious unexpected new attack on RSA in 1995: if the attacker Eve knows the hardware of Alice and is able to measure the decryption times for several known cyphertexts, she can deduce the decryption key d quickly. To thwart this attack, the decryption code should decrypt in constant time. This is known as RSA blinding.

Adaptive Chosen Ciphertext Attacks
In 1998, Daniel Bleichenbacher described the first practical adaptive chosen ciphertext attack, against RSA-encrypted messages using the PKCS #1 v1 redundancy function (a redundancy function adds structure to an RSA-encrypted message, so it is possible to determine whether a decrypted message is valid.) Due to flaws with the PKCS #1 scheme, Bleichenbacher was able to mount a practical attack against RSA implementations of the Secure Socket Layer protocol, and potentially reveal session keys. As a result of this work, cryptographers now recommend the use of provably secure redundancy checks such as Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding, and RSA Laboratories has released new versions of PKCS #1 that are not vulnerable to these attacks.

title: Cryptography/RSA


text:
Cookbook talk:Cuisine of France

I am reformatting the regions section so that I can index the recipes back to their exact place on the Cuisine of France page. This requires a heading, a bullet won't work with the template. I will do it a little at a time. Mike Hayes (talk) 07:36, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

I advise you to look at fr:Cuisine:Recettes du Nord or fr:Cuisine:Recettes du Sud-Ouest.

Some of the text of this module was taken from the Wikipedia article Cuisine of France. Below is the last 50 edits made to that page at the time the text was coppied:

 * (cur) (last) . . 11:48, 23 Feb 2004 . . Dysprosia (moving back list, i'm sure we can work something out)
 * (cur) (last) . . 11:43, 23 Feb 2004 . . Anthere (let's remove culture...sorry, recipee)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 13:40, 12 Feb 2004 . . Fabiform (shortbread)
 * (cur) (last) . . 12:22, 18 Dec 2003 . . <IP_ADDRESS> (added ref to haute cuisine)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 12:00, 18 Dec 2003 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . 11:53, 18 Dec 2003 . . <IP_ADDRESS> (a few refinements and additions)
 * (cur) (last) . . 11:56, 17 Dec 2003 . . Anthere
 * (cur) (last) . . 11:53, 17 Dec 2003 . . <IP_ADDRESS>
 * (cur) (last) . . M 10:32, 12 Oct 2003 . . Anthere (remove crème brûlée as a title, it is not a general term)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 10:09, 12 Oct 2003 . . Minesweeper (wiki)
 * (cur) (last) . . 22:46, 2 Oct 2003 . . Wetman (a few links)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 22:37, 2 Oct 2003 . . Angela
 * (cur) (last) . . M 22:37, 2 Oct 2003 . . Angela (fix link)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 11:15, 12 Jun 2003 . . Anthere (duck !?!)
 * (cur) (last) . . 11:02, 12 Jun 2003 . . Fraise (Missed a couple words.)
 * (cur) (last) . . 11:00, 12 Jun 2003 . . Fraise (Several edits (spelling, word usage, formatting), added recipes)
 * (cur) (last) . . 11:51, 22 Apr 2003 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . M 08:11, 17 Apr 2003 . . Olivier (fr:)
 * (cur) (last) . . 14:45, 15 Apr 2003 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . M 21:52, 6 Mar 2003 . . Sannse (Disambiguating French)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 16:33, 6 Mar 2003 . . Timo Honkasalo
 * (cur) (last) . . 18:12, 4 Feb 2003 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . 18:10, 4 Feb 2003 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . 18:09, 4 Feb 2003 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . M 18:07, 4 Feb 2003 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . 18:07, 4 Feb 2003 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . 18:02, 4 Feb 2003 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . M 16:22, 4 Feb 2003 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . M 11:16, 4 Feb 2003 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . M 11:14, 4 Feb 2003 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . M 11:13, 4 Feb 2003 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . 11:11, 4 Feb 2003 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . 11:09, 4 Feb 2003 . . Olivier (started list of specialties by region/city)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 12:09, 3 Feb 2003 . . Sannse (Disambiguating German)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 11:42, 3 Feb 2003 . . Sannse (removed duplicate link)
 * (cur) (last) . . 09:26, 3 Feb 2003 . . <IP_ADDRESS>
 * (cur) (last) . . M 10:05, 29 Oct 2002 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . M 10:04, 29 Oct 2002 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . M 10:02, 29 Oct 2002 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . 10:00, 29 Oct 2002 . . Olivier
 * (cur) (last) . . 23:45, 27 Sep 2002 . . Maveric149
 * (cur) (last) . . 09:04, 27 Sep 2002 . . Quintessent (added explanations of dishes with French names)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 15:51, 25 Feb 2002 . . Conversion script (Automated conversion)
 * (cur) (last) . . 15:47, 22 Jan 2002 . . 64.105.112.xxx
 * (cur) (last) . . 09:43, 22 Aug 2001 . . 63.192.137.xxx

title: Cookbook talk:Cuisine of France


text:
Filmmaking Basics/Thumbnail Storyboard/Step by Step/1a

Excellent Decision!
You have decided to start the movie with this frame:

$$\Rightarrow$$ Fade In $$\Rightarrow$$

The Script
EXTERIOR - The local movie theater - NIGHT

(1) The Young Person and Old Person stand looking at the movie poster outside the theater.

 * Now Show The Poster
 * Since the first shot is the Young Person and the Old Person, now you must show the poster. (The script mentions the movie so we need to show what movie they are talking about.)

Next Frame?

 * Option A
 * You can then cut to the poster.

 * Option B
 * You can cut to the poster over the shoulder of the Young Person and the Old Person.

Now Decide!

 * Select either option A or B

 * If you change your mind, you can go back to the previous page

 * Reference Material
 * All the thumbnail storyboard frames.
 * The unformatted script.
 * The original story.
 * The [[Media:SBTDS Script Ciprian2.pdf|formatted script]].
 * To start over, go back to the beginning.


text:
Frontenac (Province of Canada electoral district)

Frontenac was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada West, based on Frontenac County. It was created in 1841, upon the establishment of the Province of Canada by the union of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Frontenac was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. It was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Ontario.

Boundaries
Frontenac electoral district was located in the eastern area of Canada West (now the province of Ontario) on the north shore of Lake Ontario, at the entrance of the Saint Lawrence River. The town of Kingston was the major centre, although Kingston was a separate electoral district.

The Union Act, 1840 had merged the two provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada, with a single Parliament. The separate parliaments of Lower Canada and Upper Canada were abolished. The Union Act provided that the pre-existing electoral boundaries of Upper Canada would continue to be used in the new Parliament, unless altered by the Union Act itself.

Frontenac County had been an electoral district in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada, and its boundaries were not altered by the Union Act. Those boundaries had originally been set by a proclamation of the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, John Graves Simcoe, in 1792:

That the sixth of the said counties be hereafter called by the name of the county of Frontenac; which county is to be bounded on the east by the westernmost line of the county of Leeds, on the south by lake Ontario, on the west by the easternmost boundary line of the late township of Ernestown, running north twenty-four degrees west until it intersects the Ottawa or Grand river, thence descending the said river until it meets the northwesternmost boundary of the county of Leeds.

The boundaries had been further defined by a statute of Upper Canada in 1798:

That the townships of Pittsburg, Kingston, Loughborough, Portland, Hinchinbroke, Bedford and Wolfe Island, do constitute and form the County of Frontenac.

The only change from those boundaries in 1841 was that the county seat, Kingston, was no longer included in Frontenac riding. The Union Act provided that Kingston was its own electoral district in the new Parliament. The boundaries of Kingston electoral district were defined by the Governor General, and any parts of the town which were not included in Kingston electoral district were included in Frontenac.

Members of the Legislative Assembly
Frontenac was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. The following were the members for Frontenac.

Abolition
The district was abolished on July 1, 1867, when the British North America Act, 1867 came into force, creating Canada and splitting the Province of Canada into Quebec and Ontario. It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.


text:
Wikiversity:Technical needs

Wikiversity is an educational wiki running on MediaWiki software - which has its benefits and drawbacks. This page is to brainstorm and discuss various technical needs that we may have - as individuals or as a community. Hopefully, we will be able to discuss these needs with the MediaWiki developer team - to identify what we really need in order to function better, and what's possible in both the short and long term.

 * See also Proposals for Wikiversity, at Strategic Planning.

Ideas
Please sign your suggestions so that people can get back to you about them!

Ideas which can be resolved internally
These are ideas which can be resolved internally (i.e. internal to WV's MediaWiki installation; no sandbox server backdoors). Typically they will involve templates, CSS modifications or human-organisational structures.

 * Course structuring - one idea from the KDE community is to have a web of content (ie lessons), over which is placed a network of specific "learning paths". Each learning path would specify what content the learner should look into in order to become proficient in that particular subject.
 * Improved file structure - Some instructors are creating more formal kinds of courses with lessons and pages of lessons, quiz pages, explanation pages, etc. A much stronger and clearer file structure is needed so this instructor can keep track of all of his pages and can easily set up navigation among the 2000 pages and illustration. Robert Elliott 13:22, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

Ideas which probably need a MediaWiki extension

 * File importing and exporting to/from wiki syntax - for example, the ability to automatically convert a formatted Word Document into a formatted wiki text and vice versa. Work on a PDF converter from wikitext is underway, but it could be useful for educators to be able to mass-upload content without having to do masses of work.
 * Comment: makes sense; would be a general request for all Wikimedia projects, not just Wikiversity, so somebody has probably already thought of it - is there a history elsewhere? --McCormack 06:56, 9 March 2008 (UTC)
 * See mw:Extension:Word2MediaWikiPlus --McCormack 06:58, 9 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Slideshow creation - eg. being able to upload a slideshow so that the viewer can scroll or click through the slides, one by one. it would also be nifty to link this to a spoken accompaniment - just like having a virtual lecture to hand, which can be accessed from any point.
 * See: mw:Extension:Slideshow, mw:Extension:SmoothGallery, mw:Extension:LightboxThumbs, mw:Category:Media handling extensions, mw:Extension:SlideShare. --McCormack 06:56, 9 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Media support - eg. embedding and/or playing video/audio within a page (Note: I think YouTube links would be out of the question since they are generally copyright, but could free content be embedded from another site? Cormaggio beep 18:05, 21 February 2007 (UTC))
 * See mw:Category:Video player extensions and mw:Category:Audio player extensions. --McCormack 06:59, 9 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Media uploading - could it be made simpler? (Think Flickr/Facebook)
 * Similarly, there needs to be a sensible way for people to upload media files which are not IMAGE files. The current method of uploading a PDF files is extremely confusing.  (Wikiversity says a PDF file is an IMAGE file but you must not use Image :  to retrieve it, Rather you must use MEDIA to access it.) Robert Elliott 13:22, 7 March 2008 (UTC)
 * See mw:Category:Flickr extensions and mw:Category:Media handling extensions. --McCormack 07:02, 9 March 2008 (UTC)
 * PDF pages - A way to directly display PDF pages (or some other eBook layout pages.) Using the Wiki language to layout pages is extremely awkward. Robert Elliott 13:22, 7 March 2008 (UTC)
 * You can change the format to djvu and than show tham like a slideshow.--Juan de Vojníkov 23:20, 16 March 2009 (UTC)
 * What do you mean by "some other... layout"? Can you give an example or a screenshot? --McCormack 06:56, 9 March 2008 (UTC)
 * FreeMind uploads - Although there is no possibility of editing mind maps online and in a wiki way with the current extension it could still be useful for discuss and find consensus about collectively build diagrams, that can be uploaded as an image by each user that modifies them. A kind of project' oriented task whose main objective is to create state of the art conceptual maps about a field that participants are learning about. The process could be like this: find information (in Wikipedia, for example) > discuss if concepts/people/ideas/facts are related to the core sketch > if so hierarchyze that information > download the map, modify it and upload it again > continue the research of information related to it, and so on. --Esenabre 17:42, 14 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Anonymous surveys - A way to conduct anonymous surveys in order to collect data using multiple choice, likert scales, open ended questions and possibly other methods. -- User:Remi
 * One possibility would be an install of http://limesurvey.org on a test server. -- Jtneill - Talk 05:35, 27 March 2008 (UTC)
 * The ability to conduct research anonymously, but at the same time being able to detect bad data

 * WikiTimeline - Activating the WikiTimeLine extension on wikiversity would be a good idea I think. Its the, kind of, interactive and real-time version of easytimeline. Controlled by the reader of the article instead by the writer. You add tags to an article, if the reader clicks on such a link, an event will be added to the timeline. You can add the events you want (and so create an individual timeline), zoom in/out and move around. See the live example and more information here (just click on a few of the links at the "Examples" section) and the MediaWiki page here. Its like a mix out of WikiTimeScale and the Simile Timeline. The interface is in JavaScript, so there's no heavy load put on the server since nearly everything runs client-side. Thus it can be used by heavy traffic wikis (like the wikimedia foundation wikis) too. The guys at bugzilla told me we would need to be interested here first and afterwards the admins of wikiversity could go to bugzilla/the developers of mediawiki and request the activation of the extension. Any interest? ColdCase 11:18, 31 July 2008 (UTC)
 * This discussion has moved to Colloquium ColdCase 12:32, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Hidden subpages Be able to hide all (or select) subpages of a certain page from the random functions via magic words - preferably on the base page.
 * Page name truncation within categories - be able to display just one more of the lower pages without showing the root page
 * Interactive geometry software for math - eg. we could do some geometry exercises at GeoGebra and let the students interact with them.
 * See: mw:Extension:GeoGebra. Helder 18:32, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

Ideas which probably need a readjustment of LocalSettings.php

 * Easier name changes - Allow instructors to make greater and easier name changes. Some instructors occasionally make mistakes in the names that they select for pages. The current method for fixing this just creates more pages that eventually confuse everyone... including the instructor. Robert Elliott 13:22, 7 March 2008 (UTC)
 * It is possible to assign privileges to different categories of user using LocalSettings.php. For example, you could assign anonymous IP's the right to appoint bureaucrats. More sensibly, registered users could be assigned to the right to move pages. Even more sensibly, long-standing registered users with high edit counts and a need to apply sysop tools to their projects could be assigned sysop (custodian) status. --McCormack 07:09, 9 March 2008 (UTC)
 * On further reading of this (and thinking a bit this time), do you mean a new move function which does not yet exist? If so, please give a more precise description of how this would work; e.g. a combined "rename-and-delete-old-page-and-update-all-links" ? --McCormack 07:16, 9 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, currently a name change is simply a new page with a redirect from the old page. What is needed is a SAFE way to completely change the name and ALL references to that name.  (That should be a challenge!) Robert Elliott 01:58, 17 May 2008 (UTC)
 * An associated issue is that of dealing with classes on a wiki. Sometimes we experience a rush of new user account creations as a class descends on a project. In the long term, it is sensible for classes to use prefixes or suffixes on their usernames (rather like school uniforms) so that the instructor can recognize them (at least a bit). It is also the case that classes faced with wiki sign-up tasks typically make a lot of mistakes and want to change their usernames anyway. It would be helpful if it was easier to change usernames. I'd suggest extending this privilege from bureaucrats to custodians for Wikiversity's specific needs in "classroom management". --McCormack 07:09, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Ideas which may need both internal reforms and new programming

 * Metadata - could address search issues. This could take different forms (think categories and/or 'tagging') and it could be used to link/interface Wikiversity resources with other sites, such as OER Commons. (See the Semantic MediaWiki project for a metadata extension for mediawiki.)
 * Yes - a critical issue. Before we get metadata sorted out, we need to get subpages sorted out, so that we can then start an inventory process. --McCormack 07:20, 9 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Student assignment - A non-threatening way for students to upload assignments with a single button and present them in both the page for completed lessons and on the students USER page. Robert Elliott 13:22, 7 March 2008 (UTC) (Further details on this request here and here.)
 * On the whole I would see this as being so ambitious as to go beyond what is prudent or possible with MediaWiki. Perhaps others see it differently? --McCormack 07:20, 9 March 2008 (UTC)
 * The current system cannot be greatly changed, that is true. But MediaWiki was never designed as a way to organize and write lessons for a school.  Therefore, sometime down the road (possible for Wikiversity II), you will have to bite the bullet and create a new system more appropriate for a school.   Painful but necessary.  Therefore you can begin to plan now. ~ Robert Elliott 09:33, 16 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Categorized Search Results - Search results which are close to a subject but not quite right could help users narrow down the possibilities if a term or a phrase is not exact. Similarly, a missed connection (a page related to the subject but not what the user is looking for) could guide the user to the proper subject pages. - gustable 02:06, 8 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Anonymous pages - These pages could be created as anonymous, and then all contributions would be anonymous. Perhaps only stewards and/or bureaucrats could see who the contributors are. These of course could be deleted if they are inappropriate, and then also, moved if the page name needs to be used in non-anonymous ways. They could perhaps be only created as subpages maybe.
 * A seminar feature. Seminars play an important role at brick and mortar universities, and they could provide an important learning mode at Wikiversity. The seminar session itself would likely consist of several students (and perhaps an instructor) on a shared zoom (or other) video meeting. A difficulty that has to be addressed is identifying interested participants and scheduling a time for the seminar meeting. Game sites such as chess.com allow participants to find other players immediately because of the high traffic levels they serve. That is unlikely on Wikiversity at this time. An innovative queueing, scheduling, and notifying system will be needed.
 * Student discussion groups. Classroom discussions play an important role in brick and mortar universities. Wikiversity would benefit from providing an analogous capability. This might be implemented as a discussion widget that can be added to a course. This widget would implement an on-line chat group so that any student could join the thread and participate in real time text discussion of class topics. Perhaps a decade from now we can have a metaverse version of this!

Other ideas, uncategorised ideas and new ideas

 * Login - (opt-in) differential login for learners/students and facilitators/teachers (?)

 * Because there are people here that are teachers/mentors and students I don't think this would work very well. But an idea similar to this could be to make a userbox type thingy where you can label yourself as a teacher and then also list what things you are teaching. And then you can also list what courses you are learning from. Perhaps this could add you into the category system as well so it would be easy for people to find other teachers and other peers and such. --Devourer09 02:56, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Certifications—provide students with a recognized certificate for completing some number of courses. One option would be to connect with the open badges project.
 * Federated WM Foundation project search - a way is needed to search across multiple WikiMedia Foundation wiki projects. It is inefficient and time consuming to search separately on the different domains. See also March, 2008 discussion about this on wikiversity-l -- Jtneill - Talk 16:02, 22 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Enhancing social features (eg SocialProfile Extension) Could this be extended to a way of finding people of similar interests, with whom you could collaborate and learn?
 * Yes. For example, ArmchairGM (the sports wiki where the social tools were originally developed) had a special page (Special:SimilarFans) to find users similar to you — users could choose their favorite sports and sports teams on a special page and the SimilarFans special page would look for users who like the same sports and teams as you. --Jack Phoenix 18:49, 16 August 2011 (UTC)
 * PRO: this could be done so far with Categories or userboxes or a central page where people add themselves, but this needs knowledge that these exist :-( Erkan Yilmaz Wikiversity:Chat  18:48, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Discussions - how to keep discussions accessible and "current"? One idea might be LiquidThreads
 * Tracking and monitoring facility - a learner management system where the system tracks the progress of oneself on a particular course and/or the achieved test scores. source
 * Showing activity level of participants in a course: e.g. all people listed on a course page and sort them after their activity level by contributions ? ok, perhaps not so nice because of privacy reasons, but helps the others (instructor,...) to keep the overview. So far this was done manually here. Erkan Yilmaz uses the Wikiversity:Chat  10:35, 17 March 2008 (UTC)
 * RSS feeds for users' watchlists - -- Jtneill - Talk 12:07, 16 March 2008 (UTC)
 * This feature has existed for a while now, see Special:Preferences. --Jack Phoenix 18:49, 16 August 2011 (UTC)
 * When moving a page there could be a check box that would also move all its subpages to reflect to moved page's new name
 * Move category feature - moving a category would automatically edit all pages within that category to reflect the moved category
 * This was a Google Summer of Code project back in 2008; a lot of code was written, but the feature never made it to trunk. See mw:User:NicDumZ/GSoC and the code branch (which has been bitrotting for a while). --Jack Phoenix 18:49, 16 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Hiding noinclude sections from edit windows: This is something that was broken when the last major mediawiki update went through a month or two ago. Look, for example, at BCP/Taraxacum officinale, and specifically see what happens when you hit the [edit] button next to "Recent Logs" (on the right hand column). The way it used to work is that you would only see that section when you edited, and all we needed to tell people was "add *~ on a new line below the last one to log the plant". This doesn't work anymre though, since the nonincluded section (archived logs) also comes up in the edit window when you hit the button. I'm not sure that there's any advantage to how it is now, but it's a major difficulty in making that part of bloom clocking easy for the newbies to do. Using the clock is complicated as it is, but it was nice before that new users could "get their feet wet" by doing something quite simple (later on they need to start using templates on the profiles as well, but it's a "one step at a time" thing. --SB_Johnny | talk 14:44, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Allow uploading of .blend files
 * Page name masks within categories - Since we use subpages fairly liberally here, if a page is named This or that page/Links, then within Category:This or that page, it could be displayed as "Links" and would link to This or that page/Links. Maybe syntax on the page being categorized could be something like.
 * Advanced Category Searching; ie, allowing one to search for all pages in the "Topic" namespace under Category:History and all subcategories. This sort of thing would be very useful in categorizing stuff.  The Jade Knight 09:56, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Category Redirects (while I'm at it): It would be WONDERFUL if there were any way to make a category redirect to another category in such a way that everything in the first category would be immediately placed in the second category. This would save an awful lot of grunt work, and would be terribly convenient for making sure categories stayed consistent.  The Jade Knight 09:56, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Collaborative 3d modeling with Cad support and wiki-like versioning
 * Collaborative programming You edit source files like you edit a wiki, but you can download all linked files in bundles ready to be compiled (or maybe even precompiled) with attatched resources (graphics)

Getting technical needs addressed
The mechanism for addressing technical needs within Wikimedia projects is generally to add a request to Bugzilla. Also, there is a mailing list for technical issues, Wikitech-l, as well as an IRC channel, #wikimedia-tech (on freenode).

Generally it is a bad idea to go along to #wikimedia-tech with a poorly-formed request, or even a well-formed one, and don't even dream of putting a vague request on bugzilla.. Get your development team and your proposal together in advance, and don't assume the MediaWiki development people will devote any resources to you, other than code-reviews (once they're convinced you aren't wasting their time). Start by contacting the people listed below instead, and learning how the system works.

Truly good ideas are also mostly old ideas, and there is often evidence of this on MediaWiki in the form of incomplete projects. One way forward is to take over a stalled project and move it forwards.

List of Wikiversitarians who have skills which could be used in implementing technical requests

 * McCormack
 * Historybuff

title: Wikiversity:Technical needs


text:
M. M. Mustapha

Al-Haj Meeralebbe Poddy Mohamed Mustapha (10 July 1924 – 3 October 2000) was a Sri Lankan lawyer and politician.

Meeralebbe Poddy Mohamed Mustapha was born in Nintavur on 16 July 1924, the son of Meeralebbe Podi Vanniar and Meera Ummah. He received his early education in Nintavur, before attending Batticaloa Methodist Central College. Following which he graduated from the Ceylon Law College as an advocate. Mustapha then passed the Inter-Law Exam at the London University.

In 1948 he began practicing law in Batticaloa.

Mustapha married the eldest daughter of Gate Mudaliyar Mohammed Samsudeen Kariapper, the chairman of Kalmunai Town Council and the member for Kalmunai.

He first ran for parliament at the 1952 Ceylonese parliamentary election in the Pottuvil electorate, held in May 1952, running as the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi (Federal Party) candidate. He was narrowly defeated by the sitting member, Meerakuddy Mohamed Ebrahim, with a margin of 559 votes.

At the 3rd parliamentary election, held in April 1956, Ebrahim chose not to run due to poor health and Mustapha was successful in securing the seat for the Federal Party, receiving 8,355 votes (51.8% of the total vote) defeating his nearest opponent, M. I. M. Abdul Majeed, by 3,729 votes. He resigned from the Federal Party in 1958 as he opposed the party's proposed satyagraha movement. In June 1959 Prime Minister S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike appointed Mustapha as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Finance in his cabinet. Following Bandaranaike's assassination in September, Wijeyananda Dahanayake who took over as Prime Minister appointed Mustapha as the Minister of Finance in November, becoming the first Muslim Minister of Finance.

At the 4th parliamentary election, held in March 1960, Mustapha contested the newly created seat of Nintavur. He failed to get elected and was defeated by M. I. M. Abdul Majeed by 4,627 votes. He re-contested the seat at the subsequent parliamentary elections in July, where he lost again to Majeed, this time by 7,776 votes. He was ultimately successful at the 6th parliamentary election, held in March 1965, as the United National Party candidate, defeating Majeed by 4,3899 votes. Following the election he was appointed by Prime Minister Dudley Senanayake as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Social Services.

Mustapha was re-elected at the 7th parliamentary election, held in May 1970, by only 75 votes, securing 13,481 votes (49% of the total vote). He switched political allegiances and joined the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. In 1976 he was appointed as the deputy Minister of Justice by Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike after she elevated Ratnasiri Wickremanayake to the position of Minister.

At the 1977 Sri Lankan parliamentary election he contested the Pottuvil electorate as the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate. Whilst he polled 22,378 votes (25% of the total vote), he was defeated by the United National Party candidate, A. M. Mohamed Jalaldeen, who received 30,318 votes (34% of the total vote) and the Tamil United Liberation Front candidate, Mylvaganam Canagaratnam, with 23,990 votes.

He was a member of the Eastern University Council.

title: M. M. Mustapha


text:
Indian Summer (The Belle Stars song)

"Indian Summer" is a 1983 song by English pop/new wave band The Belle Stars, released as the fifth and final single from their only self-titled studio album and their ninth single overall. The song peaked at #52 for three weeks in the UK.

title: Indian Summer (The Belle Stars song)


text:
Edward B. Foley

Edward B. Foley (also known as Ned Foley) is an American lawyer, law professor, election law scholar, and former Ohio Solicitor General. He is the theorist of the blue shift, a phenomenon in American politics in which in-person votes overstate overall percentage of votes for the Republican Party (whose color is red), while provisional votes, which are counted after election day, tend to overstate overall percentage of votes for the Democratic Party (whose color is blue). When the provisional votes are counted after the election, there is often a shift in totals toward the Democrat, or blue, candidate.

Education and career
Foley graduated from Yale in 1983 with a degree in History and from Columbia University School of Law in 1986. From 1986–1987 he served as a law clerk for Judge Patricia M. Wald of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit and from 1988–1989 for U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Harry Blackmun.

Foley is a professor of law at Ohio State University's Moritz College of Law, where he has taught since 1991. He served as Ohio's Solicitor General from 1999 to 2000 under Republican Attorney General Betty Montgomery.

Along with Eric Maskin, he has proposed the use of Baldwin's voting method, under the name "Total Vote Runoff", as a way to fix problems with the instant-runoff method ("Ranked Choice Voting") in U.S. jurisdictions that use it, ensuring majority support of the winner and electing more broadly-acceptable candidates.

Blue shift
Foley coined the term "blue shift" after the 2012 election. An election law scholar, he had been studying closely contested state results to try to predict which might be challenged legally. He wondered whether votes counted after election day tended to affect the final count. He found that election-day vote counts tend to favor Republicans, while when provisionally cast or mail-in votes are counted, the provisional votes tended to favor Democrats; this results in a "blue shift" in final vote counts and the potential for results to change after election day. Foley did not find that mail-in or absentee votes favored either party.

Studying results of presidential elections from 1960 through 2012, Foley found that a "clear and persistent" blue shift had occurred in each election since 2000. Foley theorizes that election reforms in 2000, which made provisional voting easier, favored some demographics that tend to lean Democrat such as lower-income voters, college students, and urban voters, who are likely to have moved since the last election and may not have updated their voter registration.

He found that the size of the shift varied by state, but that it was consistent enough to potentially change the outcome of a presidential election. In 2013 he published a paper about the phenomenon, A Big Blue Shift: Measuring an Asymmetrically Increasing Margin of Litigation.

2020 presidential election
According to The New York Times:

"What concerns him isn't voting fraud, but rather how a changing vote total that tends to move in one direction can be misunderstood by an anxious public and exploited by politicians eager to preserve any advantage. "It may start to look as if, when an election goes into extra innings, one of the two teams is given extra at-bats"."

In 2019 Foley published a paper, Preparing for a Disputed Presidential Election: An Exercise in Election Risk Assessment and Management, in which he posited a scenario in which on election night, Pennsylvania is the crucial state and too close to call, though Donald Trump has a slim lead. As provisional ballots are counted, Trump's lead starts to evaporate and he becomes more and more agitated, tweeting demands that only the election night counts are valid and calling for his supporters to "STOP THIS THEFT RIGHT NOW!!!" "DON'T LET THEM STEAL THIS ELECTION FROM YOU!!!", calling it a plausible scenario. According to The Philadelphia Inquirer he believes "raising awareness of the blue shift can help inoculate people against unfounded claims."

In March 2020 Foley and MIT political scientist Charles Stewart updated a paper, Explaining the Blue Shift in Election Canvassing, which found that "the bluer the state, the greater the shift", which had first been published in 2015.

Foley in August 2020 said expected increases in numbers of votes cast by mail because of the coronavirus pandemic could affect the size and direction of the shift in the November 2020 US presidential election. He told The New York Times "We're setting ourselves up for an election where neither side can concede defeat. That suggests that the desire to dispute the outcome is going to be higher than ever."

National Task Force on Election Crises
Foley participated in a 2019 bipartisan task force, the National Task Force on Election Crises, to envision, assess, and develop plans for dealing with an election crisis. Among the scenarios considered but not included in the 200-page report was a pandemic that kept people from voting in-person. The task force published pandemic-related recommendations after the coronavirus pandemic struck.

Book

 * Foley, Edward. Ballot Battles: The History of Disputed Elections in the United States.  New York: Oxford University Press.  2016.<PHONE_NUMBER>277).

title: Edward B. Foley


text:
Shivraj Singh of Jodhpur

Shivraj Singh (born 30 September 1975) is an Indian polo player. He is the son of Gaj Singh, the Pretender Maharaja of Jodhpur and the grandson of Maharaja Hanwant Singh of Jodhpur and his first wife, Maharani Krishna Kumari of Dhrangadhra.

Education
Shivraj was educated at Mayo College in Ajmer, then moving on to Eton College, where he played polo for Eton. After leaving Eton, Shivraj studied at Oxford Brookes University, where he received a degree in Business Administration. After graduating from university, Shivraj worked with the Schroder's Bank of Geneva and London and Jardine in Hong Kong before returning home. He is now involved in the business of managing the palace hotel group which includes Umaid Bhawan, Bal Samand, Sardar Samand, and various festivities and functions involving the Jodhpur Royal Family.

Polo career
Shivraj is a polo player. He is primarily responsible for training the Jodhpur polo team.

Rambagh accident
He suffered a serious head injury during a Birla Cup match at the Rambagh Polo Ground in February 2005. Shivraj slipped into coma and was rushed to the SMS Hospital after he lost consciousness. There was a clot in his brain, so on 21 February he was taken to Mumbai for surgery at Tata Hospital, but he remained in a coma for over two months. Eleven months later, he had recovered enough to speak in short sentences and move about in a wheelchair. His first public appearance since the accident was at his father's 58th birthday party held on the Baradari Lawns on 13 January 2006; however, he watched from his balcony. His elder sister, Shivranjani Raje, told reporters he is active and rehabilitating with the help of an American occupational physiotherapist. He can reportedly walk with some assistance.

Marriage
He got engaged to Gayatri Kumari Pal from Lucknow, of the former royal family of Askot in Uttaranchal on 10 March 2010. The engagement ceremony took place at the Umaid Bhawan Palace in Jodhpur, in the presence of Shivraj's father, Gaj Singh II, mother Hemlata Rajye and elder sister, Shivranjini Rajye.

Gayatri was studying computer graphics and animation. Their wedding took place on 18 November 2010 at the Rambagh Palace in Jaipur. The wedding was a grand affair, with much media attention.

The couple has one daughter, Baiji Lal Sahiba Bhanwar Baisa Vaara Kumari Rajye, born 10 December 2011. On 16 November 2015, a boy, Raj Bhanwar Siraj Deo Singh, was born to the couple.

Ancestry
His mother, Hemlata Rajye, is daughter of the late Raja Shivratan Deo Singh of Poonch and Princess Nalini Rajye Lakshmi of Nepal in Dehra Dun. He has a sister who was born on 22 August 1974, Shivranjani Rajye.

He is a descendant of King Tribhuvan of Nepal and through King Tribhuvan, he is a descendant of popular personalities such as Maharaja Jang Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji, Kaji Tularam Pande, Sardar Ramakrishna Kunwar and Kaji General Amar Singh Thapa.

title: Shivraj Singh of Jodhpur


text:
Ellie Levenson

Ellie Levenson (born July 1978) is a freelance journalist and author in the United Kingdom. She has written for The Guardian and New Statesman among others and is an occasional columnist for The Independent, writing opinion pieces and topical features on social policy and cultural theory. She also lectures part-time in journalism at Goldsmiths College, University of London, and on the London Programme of Syracuse University.

Early life and education
Levenson was born in east London and raised in Walthamstow. She is Jewish. She studied for her undergraduate degree in English Language and Literature at Manchester University until 1999, where she wrote for the student paper, followed by a postgraduate diploma in journalism at City University in 2001. She was previously a stand-up comedian.

Work
She was a reporter at The Lawyer for four months in 2002, then became a travel writer for The Guardian for four months after winning the Netjetter competition. She upset some in New Zealand by calling the country "essentially the dullest place on earth."

On her return to the UK she became editor of Fabian Review for the Fabian Society, where she also edited Fabian Thinkers: 120 years of progressive thought. She is an elected member of the Fabian Society executive.

She joined the charity End Child Poverty as their press and communications officer in May 2004, and has worked as a freelance journalist and lecturer since January 2005. She has campaigned for greater availability of the morning-after pill.

Writing
Her book on feminism, The Noughtie Girl's Guide to Feminism was published by Oneworld Publications in July 2009. Sarah Vine of The Times described her as "a good example of the younger breed of feminists, women who are not exactly on the front line but who still make a contribution to the debate." Mary Fitzgerald of Prospect magazine argued that "whether or not you think the argument is dumbed-down feminism-lite (as I did in places), this book remains important." Molly Guinness writing in The Spectator complained that "the book is aimed at people that haven't thought about feminism; but Levenson makes no attempt to create well-informed feminists with a good sense of perspective.". Her second book, 50 Campaigns to Shout About was published by Oneworld Publications in May 2011.

In June 2015 her journalism textbook, Creativity and Feature Writing: How to get hundreds of new ideas every day was published by Routledge.

Levenson is the founder and owner of Fisherton Press, an independent children's book publisher that publishes picture books for young children, Fisherton Press publishes books by Levenson and by other writers. She writes for children under the name Eleanor Levenson and has also written a book for pre school children, What I Think About When I Think About ... Swimming published by Troika Books in May 2014 and illustrated by Katie O'Hagan.

She has appeared on the Moral Maze and Woman's Hour on Radio 4.

Personal life
She lives in London and is married with three children.

title: Ellie Levenson


text:
Talk:North Zulch

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 20:52, 16 July 2019 (UTC)
 * NorthZulchGroceryCocaColaOldSignTexas2001.jpg

title: Talk:North Zulch


text:
Bryan Dobzanski

Bryan John Dobzanski (born August 31, 1995) is an American baseball pitcher who is a free agent.

Amateur career
Dobzanski attended Delsea Regional High School in Franklinville, New Jersey, where he played baseball and wrestled. As a wrestler, he won two state titles and compiled a record of 155-8 for his high school career. In 2014, his senior year, he went 3–0 with a 0.91 ERA and 68 strikeouts over 46 innings.

Professional career
Dobzanski was selected by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 29th round of the 2014 Major League Baseball draft. He signed with the Cardinals, forgoing his commitment to play college baseball at the University of Louisville. He made his professional debut that year with the Rookie-level Gulf Coast League Cardinals, going 2–1 with a 2.67 ERA over 27 innings. In 2015, he pitched for the Johnson City Cardinals of the Rookie-level Appalachian League, compiling a 1–1 record and a 3.94 ERA over 16 innings, and in 2016, he played with the State College Spikes of the Class A Short Season New York–Penn League, going 4–6 with a 3.93 ERA over 14 games (13 starts), striking out 37 batters over 71 innings. In 2017, he spent the season with the Peoria Chiefs of the Class A Midwest League, going 2–5 with a 3.70 ERA over 31 games (12 starts); he was moved from the starting rotation to the bullpen midway through the year. He began the 2018 season back with Peoria (with whom he was named an All-Star) before being promoted to the Palm Beach Cardinals of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League in July. Over 42 relief appearances between the two clubs, he compiled an 8–4 record with a 2.41 ERA. In 2019, he split time with Palm Beach (earning Florida State League All-Star honors), the Springfield Cardinals of the Class AA Texas League, and the Memphis Redbirds of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League; over 57 relief innings pitched between the three teams, he went 3–3 with a 2.84 ERA and 66 strikeouts.

Dobzanski did not play a minor league game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. On November 2, 2020, he elected free agency. On January 12, 2021, he signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals organization. For the 2021 season, he was assigned to the Harrisburg Senators of the Double-A Northeast with whom he went 1-1 with a 3.47 ERA and 46 strikeouts over $46 2/3$ innings. He elected free agency on November 7, 2021.

title: Bryan Dobzanski


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Kebyar-Kebyar

Kebyar-Kebyar

 * ... that Gombloh's song "Kebyar-Kebyar" is the only pop song regularly used in Indonesia's Independence Day ceremonies?
 * Reviewed: George Larner
 * Comment: For Indonesia's Independence Day (17 August)

Created/expanded by Crisco 1492 (talk). Self nom at 04:55, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Symbol confirmed.svg QPQ done.  New enough.  Long enough.  No images to check.  No plagiarism concerns.  Fully supported by inline citations. Neutral enough.  Hook found in text as "The Indonesian pop singer Fariz RM writes that "Kebyar-Kebyar" is the only pop song which receives this treatment in the country."  Hook is interesting enough and supported by inline sources.
 * Pictogram voting keep.svg Offline and indonesian sources support relevant text and not plagiarised to write the article. --LauraHale (talk) 06:25, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

Good to go. --LauraHale (talk) 06:25, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * And the date? — Crisco 1492 (talk) 06:35, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm fine with running it on that date. --LauraHale (talk) 06:36, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the review! — Crisco 1492 (talk) 06:47, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Crisco, I'd change that hook: "only pop song often used" is awkward--consider changing "often" to "regularly". Drmies (talk) 02:22, 25 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Done. — Crisco 1492 (talk) 04:10, 25 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Joyful, Joyful

Joyful, Joyful

 * ... that the string arrangement on Casting Crowns' song "Joyful, Joyful" was compared to the string arrangement on Coldplay's song "Viva la Vida?
 * Reviewed: Template:Did you know nominations/Letting Go (Body of Proof)

Created/expanded by Toa Nidhiki05 (talk). Self nom at 17:40, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Symbol confirmed.svg New enough and long enough. Article fully supported by citations. QPQ done. Article is sufficiently neutral. Neelix (talk) 17:59, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ


text:
Web Design/Cert IV Websites Qualification in Australia

Qualification name: ICA40305 Certificate IV in Information Technology (Websites) - Design stream

"This role involves designing and constructing web pages and creating the look and feel of the site. The design role's objective is to create, in consultation with the client, the flow or 'story' of the website and how information will be displayed. From a technical perspective, designers will make use of graphical knowledge, knowledge of specific technologies and various platforms, creative flair and ability to put down an image, layout and design skills, technical knowledge of hardware, software and specific web languages."

There are 21 core units for the Design stream of the Cert IV Websites qualification and 4 electives. For more detailed information about this qualification you can either find the qualification in the official ICA05 Training Package PDF (note: it is huge) or browse the conveniently accessible Certificate IV in Information Technology (Websites) page provided by Bathurst TAFE's ICA05 - Deconstructed.

For tips on how you can learn towards this qualification, check out Learning towards a qualification

Core Units
The following 21 core units is made up of the 12 common core units (common to both the Website Design stream and the Website Administration stream), and the 9 core units for the Website Design stream.

Note: the small box after each unit indicates the completion status of the unit description.

 * ICAB4135A Create a simple mark-up language document to specification [[Image:75%.png]]
 * ICAB4171A Develop cascading style sheets [[Image:50%.png]]
 * ICAS4201A Transfer content to a website using commercial packages [[Image:75%.png]]
 * BSBCMN304A Contribute to personal skill development and learning [[Image:25%.png]]
 * CUSADM08A Address copyright requirements [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAD3218A Create user documentation [[Image:25%.png]] (Note: Although this unit is not listed as a core unit, it is a prerequisite for one of the core units.)
 * ICAA4041A Determine and confirm client business expectations and needs [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAB4225A Automate processes [[Image:50%.png]]
 * ICAD4043A Develop and present a feasibility report [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAD4217A Create technical documentation [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAI4189A Ensure website content meets technical protocols and standards [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAT4221A Locate equipment, system and software faults [[Image:50%.png]]
 * ICAU4205A Select and employ software and hardware tools [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAW4214A Maintain ethical conduct [[Image:25%.png]]
 * PSPPM402B Manage simple projects [[Image:25%.png]]
 * CUFMEM07A Apply principles of visual design and communication to the development of a multimedia product [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAA4142A Design a website to meet technical requirements [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAA4233A Determine and apply appropriate development methodologies [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAB4137A Produce basic client side script for dynamic web pages [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAD4198A Develop guidelines for up-loading information to a website [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAT4183A Confirm accessibility of website for people with special needs [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAU4207A Apply web authoring tool to convert client data for websites [[Image:25%.png]]

Electives for the Website Design stream
TBD: Notes about electives, especially from the admin stream.
 * ICAB4136A use SQL to create database structures and manipulate data [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAB5165A Create dynamic pages [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAS4191A Maintain website performance [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAS4200A Monitor traffic and compile website traffic reports [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAT4184A Ensure site usability for full range of users [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAT4185A Create a website testing procedure [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICPMM321A Capture a digital image [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICPMM322A Edit a digital image [[Image:25%.png]]

If you are studying within TAFE you may also have the opportunity to take part in the following enrichment units:
 * NSWTICA403A Implement search engine optimisation for (check full name) [[Image:00%.png]] (not started)
 * NSWTICA404A Plan and develop an audio podcast (check full name) [[Image:00%.png]] (not started)

Prerequisite units
TBD: Notes about prereq units

 * BSBCMN106A Follow workplace safety procedures [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAD2012A Design organisational documents using computing packages [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAU1128A Operate a personal computer [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAU2005A Operate computer hardware [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAU2231A Use computer operating system [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAW2001A Work effectively in an IT environment [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAW2002A Communicate in the workplace [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAU2013A Integrate commercial computing packages [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAU2006A Operate computing packages [[Image:25%.png]] This unit encompasses the following three units:
 * ICAU1129A - Operate a word processing application [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAU1130A - Operate a spreadsheet application [[Image:25%.png]]
 * ICAU1131A - Operate a database application [[Image:25%.png]]


text:
John Rowan (Vietnam War veteran)

John Rowan (born September 18, 1945) is an American Vietnam War veteran and the sixth national president of the Vietnam Veterans of America (VVA).

Early life, education, and military service
Rowan was born on September 18, 1945, in Queens, New York City. He was educated at the Brooklyn Technical High School, and he attended Baruch College but did not graduate. Instead, he learned Indonesian at the Defense Language Institute and Vietnamese in Washington, D.C., before serving in the Vietnam War.

In 1967, amid the Vietnam War, Rowan joined the U.S. Air Force Security Service as a linguist. He "flew in planes over North Vietnam with a team listening in on the enemy's communications and translating them into English to guide or warn American pilots."

After the war, Rowan attended Queen's College, where he earned a bachelor's degree in Political Science. He attended graduate school at Hunter College, where he earned a master's degree in Urban Affairs.

Career and civic activities
Rowan spent his career in the public sector. He was an investigator for the New York City Comptroller's Office until 2002.

Rowan became a member of the Council of Vietnam Veterans, later known as the Vietnam Veterans of America, in 1978. He was a founding member of its chapter in Queens, New York in 1981. From 1995 to 2005, he was the president of the VVA's New York State Council from 1995 to 2005. Since 2005, he has served as its sixth national president. He has raised awareness about the high rate of PTSD among Vietnam War veterans. He has also worked with the Vietnamese Veterans Association to find missing U.S. veterans of the war who died on Vietnamese soil.

Rowan serves on the advisory board of the New York City Department of Veterans Affairs, where he represents Queens.

Personal life
With his wife Mariann, Rowan resides in Middle Village, New York.

title: John Rowan (Vietnam War veteran)


text:
Ali-Akbar Farāhāni

Āghā Ali-Akbar Farāhāni, known as Agha Ali Akbar (آقا على‌اكبر), was a notable and well known musician of Persian traditional music and tar and setar player in 19th century Persia. He was leading the musicians in the court of Naser al-Din Shah in the early years of Naser al-Din Shah's reign. He was the father of two significant musicians, Mirza Abdollah and Mirza Hossein-Qoli, and the paternal grandfather of another outstanding musician, Ahmad Ebadi, Mirza Abdollah's son, and Ali-Akbar Shahnazi. He died in Iran in January 1862.

title: Ali-Akbar Farāhāni


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fiber Optic Vision

The result of the debate was delete. Flowerparty ■ 07:59, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Fiber Optic Vision
Dictionary entry, and possibly neologism Booyabazooka 23:23, 19 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, complete neologism. --Deville (Talk) 00:04, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as neologism. Feezo (Talk) 00:58, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete Neologism and, based on edit history, vanity. Fan1967 01:22, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. ¡Dustimagic!  ( T / C ) 05:15, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. --Khoikhoi 05:55, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete see above, rinse, repeat. Nigelthefish 16:52, 20 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
Rahimabad (Kuhsabad), Rivand

Rahimabad (, also Romanized as Raḩīmābād; also known as Kūhsābād) is a village in Rivand Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 305, in 80 families.

title: Rahimabad (Kuhsabad), Rivand


text:
Media

Media (or medium) means convey. The some of organs of humans and animals detect changes to their environment and transfer they to the brain.These are called "Sensory organs", and through our Sensory organs, we are aware of all aspects of our environment. The senses include sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.We make decisions based on images, sounds, odors, tastes and touches that are received by our eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin.

In Science Communication Each of these organs is called " Media".

Note: Research shows 90% the change environment of humans and animals detect by 'eyes' and 'ears' then are transmitted to the brain.

Multimedia
Simultaneously detection of multiple sensory organs called " Multimedia ".

Media Tools
Appliances, which causes a change in any of the organs of eye, ear, nose , tongue and skin of human and animal is called " Media Tools ". for example:

 * Mirror, Horn , Perfume
 * Tribune
 * Photo, Book , Newspaper
 * Radio, Television , Cinema (Multimedia)
 * Internet (Multimedia)

Resources

 * Search for Media at Wikiversity
 * Media
 * MIT Media Lab Object-Based Media

title: Media


text:
Encore (George Jones album)

Encore is a compilation album by George Jones released on the Epic Records label in 1981.

As a compilation, the album is overshadowed by Anniversary - 10 Years of Hits, which was released the following year, but Encore is significant because it features the obscure Jones cut "We Oughta Be Ashamed" (a 1979 b-side of "Someday My Day Will Come"), which he composed with Earl Montgomery. Both Johnny Cash and Elvis Costello also recorded versions of the song. Encore also features duets with James Taylor and Willie Nelson. The album peaked at number 43 on the Billboard country albums chart.

Track listing

 * 1) "The Grand Tour" (George Richey, Carmol Taylor, Norro Wilson)
 * 2) "Once You've Had the Best" (Johnny Paycheck)
 * 3) "I'll Just Take It Out in Love" (Bob McDill)
 * 4) "Someday My Day Will Come" (Earl Montgomery, Chris Ryder, V.L. Haywood)
 * 5) "Why Me" (Kris Kristofferson)
 * 6) "She Thinks I Still Care" (Dickey Lee, Steve Duffy)
 * 7) "We Oughta Be Ashamed" (George Jones, Earl Montgomery)
 * 8) "Bartender's Blues (w/ James Taylor" (James Taylor)
 * 9) "I Just Don't Give a Damn" (George Jones, Jimmy Peppers)
 * 10) "I Gotta Get Drunk" (w/ Willie Nelson) (Willie Nelson)

title: Encore (George Jones album)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/2012 Michigan Bucks season

The result was   delete. postdlf (talk) 02:20, 15 February 2015 (UTC)

2012 Michigan Bucks season

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Wikipedia is not an excessive listings of statistics and fails WP:NSEASONS. Kingjeff (talk) 04:33, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of association football-related deletions. Kingjeff (talk) 17:19, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Delete - fails WP:NSEASONS, consensus is that only teams in fully professional leagues are sufficiently notable to justify their own season articles. Also a WP:NOTSTATS failure as containing no significant sourced prose. Fenix down (talk) 17:45, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of United States of America-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 15:29, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Michigan-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 15:29, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Events-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 15:29, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Football-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 15:29, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Delete - no evidence of notability, from WP:NSEASONS or WP:GNG. GiantSnowman 19:11, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete - same reasons as others, though I appreciate the effort made with sourcing. Mosmof (talk) 05:47, 12 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Talk:David Packer (actor)

Dominique Dunne
I'm sorry, but this David Packer page is a propaganda piece and must clearly call out his role in the death of his so-star from V - Dominique Dunne. This is not a fan page but a site that must objectively call out the major events in peoples' lives - well David Packer completely failed to stop the ongoing attack to Dominique, when all he needed to do was to attack the assailant with a golf club or similar... yet he sat there and allowed his friend to be murdered mere feet away from him. Until this article calls out something along those lines, it is astonishingly and painfully incomplete. I know this may not be something that David Packer wants on his page, but his opinion does not count in this case. He allowed a friend to be murdered in his presence while doing absolutely nothing to stop it - that IS David Packer, and his page must call that out, clearly. His character is so lacking in that regard, it must be called out here, or his entire page is a lie. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:43, 14 May 2023 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure that's a fair characterisation, especially for a biography of a living person, which has even more stringent guidelines on the verifiability of content. I have added a paragraph sourced largely from a recent Vanity Fair article “The ‘V’ Files: The Shocking Legacy of an ’80s Sci-Fi Cult Classic”, which provides detail about Dunne's death and quotes from showrunner Kenneth Johnson and lead actress Faye Grant. —  OwenBlacker (he/him; Talk; please {{ping}} me in replies) 21:05, 7 June 2023 (UTC)

A.C. Slater
Irresponsible speculation this is A.C. Slaters dad <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:25, 20 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Packer (actor)


text:
Talk:David Rabe

Wrong date?
The date of Sticks and Stones seems to be wrong. Other articles say it opened in 1971

title: Talk:David Rabe


text:
User:Trippingupward

User:Trippingupward

I usually try to make things look pretty. I'll read articles that I come by naturally and I'll see a typo/incorrect fact and fix it.

title: User:Trippingupward