text:
Gerhard Puchelt

Gerhard Puchelt (18 February 1913 – August 1987) was a German pianist.

Life
Born in Stettin, Puchelt studied from 1931 to 1935 at the Akademie für Kirchen- und Schulmusik with Else C. Kraus and Eduard Erdmann and at the Humboldt University of Berlin. Afterwards, he worked as a concert pianist and accompanist for well-known singers, instrumentalists and chamber music ensembles. After the Second World War, he continued his career as a piano virtuoso and gave his first concert with the Berliner Philharmoniker as early as September 1945, Schumann, piano concerto op. 54. In 1949, he was appointed professor for piano at the Hochschule für Musik Berlin-Charlottenburg and remained in this position until 1978.

Puchelt performed in both parts of Germany, Western Europe, the Soviet Union - where he was the first West German pianist to be invited as early as 1956 -, South America, Japan and the USA. In 1962, when he gave five concerts in the Soviet Union, he was not allowed to take part in the concerts of the Philharmonic Orchestra in that year as planned, following a decision by the West Berlin cultural administration and the artistic director of the Berlin Philharmonic. The intention was to "counteract complaints in public".

Puchelt was a juror at numerous international piano competitions, including several times at the Robert Schumann International Competition for Pianists and Singers in Zwickau. In the 1970s, he was a member of the Broadcasting Council of the Sender Freies Berlin and deputy chairman of the programme committee there.

In the 1960s and 1970s Puchelt also toured with his daughter Christiane Edinger. He has been honoured several times for his outstanding work as a music teacher and concert pianist. He published among other things Lost Sounds: Studies on German Piano Music 1830-1880 and made a new instrumentation of the Piano Concerto No. 5 in C minor by Johann Baptist Cramer by the Robert Lienau Musikverlag.

Puchelt is buried at the St.-Annen-Kirchhof (Berlin).

Work

 * Variationen für Klavier im 19. jahrhundert : Blüte und Verfall einer Kunstform.
 * Verlorene Klänge. Studien zur deutschen Klaviermusik 1830-1880.

Awards

 * Berliner Kunstpreis (1951)
 * Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany 1. Class (1978).

title: Gerhard Puchelt


text:
Talk:Palladio (Jenkins)

Sample not original arrangement
The music seems to include piano and wind instruments, and is thus not the original arrangement, which was for strings only 2601:14D:200:2465:C5E0:D107:5372:9337 (talk) 06:21, 18 September 2016 (UTC)

Written year
So if it was written in 1995 how in the heck was it in a commercial that debuted in 1993? -Drdisque (talk) 03:01, 21 November 2017 (UTC) Drdisque (talk) 03:01, 21 November 2017 (UTC)

 * Depends on what "it" means". The music for the later first movement appeared in 1993, the other two movements in 1995, so the complete piece in 1995. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 08:11, 21 November 2017 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Palladio (Jenkins)


text:
Piet van Egmond

Piet van Egmond (31 August 1889 – 11 January 1965) was a Dutch painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics. His work was included in the 1939 exhibition and sale Onze Kunst van Heden (Our Art of Today) at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.

title: Piet van Egmond


text:
NMS Viscolul

NMS Viscolul was the most successful and the longest-serving motor torpedo boat of the Romanian Navy during the Second World War. She supported the Siege of Odessa and took part in the action of 9 July 1941.

Construction and specifications
Viscolul was a Vospers-type motor torpedo boat, one of three purchased by Romania from the United Kingdom. The three boats were originally launched and completed in 1939 as MTB-20 (Viforul), MTB-21 (Vijelia) and MTB-23 (Viscolul). They were acquired by Romania in 1940. Along with her sister ships, Viscolul had a displacement of 32 tons, measuring 21.95 m in length, with a beam of 5 m and a draught of 1.1 m. She was armed with two quadruple 7.7 mm machine guns, two torpedo tubes and could carry up to eight depth charges or four mines. Power plant consisted of three Isotta Fraschini petrol engines powering two shafts, generating 3,450 hp which gave her a top speed of 40 knots. She had a crew of up to 12.

Service
During World War II, she was commanded by Lieutenant-Commander Ion Zaharia, who would later command the motor torpedo boat Vedenia and the entire Romanian MTB squadron, consisting of 7 boats.

On 9 July 1941, one week after Romania launched Operation München as part of Operation Barbarossa, Viscolul and Vijelia, together with the 250t-class torpedo boat Năluca, engaged an enemy submarine near Mangalia. Năluca was the first to arrive at the scene and subsequently located and engaged the Soviet Shchuka-class submarine Shch-206. In the first part of the battle, Năluca attacked the submarine with 20 mm rounds, but the latter submerged in order to escape. The Romanian torpedo boat subsequently used depth charges, being soon joined by the two motor torpedo boats. At 2:56 pm, the Soviet submarine was confirmed sunk by Viscolul, none of her crew of 38 survived.

On the night of 18 September, during the Siege of Odessa, Viscolul and Vijelia attacked a Soviet convoy south of Odessa, each boat launching her two torpedoes at the closest enemy destroyer. Three of the four torpedoes missed. The fourth torpedo struck and damaged the Soviet destroyer, but failed to detonate.

On 9 November 1941, her sisters Viforul and Vijelia were sunk near Odessa by Soviet mines.

Thus, Viscolul remained the sole MTB of the Romanian Navy for almost two years, until 7 MAS boats were acquired in August 1943. By 1944, Viscolul was fitted for escort service. In this capacity, she carried out multiple escort missions in May 1944.

Viscolul was captured by Soviet forces in September 1944 and commissioned as TK-955. She was returned 1 year later, but never commissioned again due to her bad condition.

title: NMS Viscolul


text:
Talk:Laira Traction and Rolling Stock Maintenance Depot

[Untitled]
MaintenACE? How do you fix that, please? Stevebritgimp (talk) 00:35, 23 September 2010 (UTC)

Photo available for use: LairaPhotos (talk) 23:49, 30 March 2013 (UTC)

Page additions
Hello,

I’ve made a few changes to the page

If anyone has any issues with them, please let me know here so I can fix them instead of reverting them immediately

Thank You Notech2 (talk) 20:59, 9 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Thank you for uploading the pictures and making your edits. A couple of things we need to think about:

 * 1) The page is now overloaded with images which is pushing things into unintended places. Pictures should be kept to a minimum to illustrate relevant anda adjacent text. Take a look at the policy and guidance, it will give an idea of what is useful. All your images are available in Commons (which is designed to hold and find large numbers of images) so they won't be lost if we take them out of this article.
 * 2) You will need to provide a citation for the rolling stock allocation. Only 10 class 43s? That can't be right - there were 8 there last time I went past and two pairs went past on the main line.
 * Geof Sheppard (talk) 15:58, 10 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Hello,
 * I really appreciate your feedback, it means a lot. Most Wikipedia moderators simply revert edits made without a second thought and then immediately warn you if you explain yourself. I really appreciate your taking time to respond.
 * I’ve sorted the formatting issues by creating a separate ‘images’ section, I’ve used the multiple image templates to reduce the amount of space they take up.
 * I’ve located my source (previously I forgot where I put it) and I’m providing citation for the table as we speak. Notech2 (talk) 15:45, 11 August 2023 (UTC)
 * What you have done at Laira Traction and Rolling Stock Maintenance Depot is contrary to WP:IG and MOS:IMAGELOCATION. -- Red rose64 🌹 (talk) 09:16, 12 August 2023 (UTC)


text:
Northwest Florida Daily News

The Northwest Florida Daily News is a daily newspaper published in Fort Walton Beach, Florida. It was founded in 1946 and is owned by Gannett.

History
A group of local businessmen met on January 9, 1946, to organize a weekly newspaper for Okaloosa County's southern region. The Okaloosa News-Journal, published at the county seat of Crestview at the northern end of the county for many decades, carried early accounts of the developing region. As the southern communities of Fort Walton, Destin, Shalimar, Cinco Bayou, Mary Esther, Ocean City, Wright, Valparaiso and Niceville expanded, so did the need for local coverage. The civic leaders gathered at a downtown Fort Walton bar which had the only available meeting room. Present were Clyde Meigs, Fred McCaully, Paul Roberts, Ray Folmar, R.L. Odom, Howard Gill, L. Ferrin, George Klosterman, Lee Courter, Frank Bizelle, Braden Ball, W.R. Cummings, DeWitt Lamb (the first editor), Andy Anderson, Leon Bishop, Toopey Work, Bill Williams and Bill Folb.

Perry Publications, a group of about 30 papers, began publication of the Playground News February 7, 1946. The first issue contained 24 pages, about 65 percent of which was paid display advertising. From the mid-1960s, the newspaper's offices and printing plant were on Eglin Parkway in downtown Fort Walton Beach. The paper was sold to Freedom Newspapers, Inc., now Freedom Communications, on July 1, 1969. On August 22, 1975, the newspaper printed the edition for the first time at a new plant and offices at 200 N.W. Racetrack Road in Fort Walton Beach, which would remain the base of operations through the fall of 2011.

In 2012, Freedom sold its Florida and North Carolina papers to Halifax Media Group. In 2015, Halifax was acquired by New Media Investment Group.

Over its history, the paper has gone by three names:

 * Playground News February 7, 1946 - September 2, 1962
 * Playground Daily News September 3, 1962 - February 29, 1988
 * Northwest Florida Daily News March 1, 1988–present

Due to the close ties between the Fort Walton Beach community and Eglin Air Force Base, the Playground/Northwest Florida News supplanted the Okaloosa News-Journal, published in Crestview, Florida, as the county paper of record.

Hunter S. Thompson wrote a sports column for the Northwest Florida Daily News (then called the Playground News) while stationed at Eglin Air Force Base. Thompson landed the job in early February 1957. Hired by Publisher Wayne Bell, Thompson wrote under the pseudonyms Thorne Stockton and Cubley Cohn.

Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries include the Eglin Dispatch and the Hurlburt Warrior.

title: Northwest Florida Daily News


text:
Asgarabad, Nishapur

Asgarabad (, also Romanized as ‘Asgarābād) is a village in Mazul Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 83, in 23 families.

title: Asgarabad, Nishapur


text:
Talk:Overture to Candide

Much of the music is in odd time signatures which change often, including 6/4, 2/2, 4/4, and 3/2. ...These are odd time signatures? Perhaps 6/4 and 3/2 are somewhat rare - though equivilent to 6/8 and 3/4 - but 2/2 and 4/4 are two of the most common time signatures, and even have their own symbol! I'd be hard pressed to call time signatures short of 7/8 and such really odd.Adam Cuerden 08:17, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Ah, wait, pulled up the midi and analysed - I'm not sure if I can trust the time signatures being assigned (are those 4/4s, or 2/2s?), but it's certainly switching between them to create effective 5/2's and 7/2s, which  DEFINATELY count as odd time signatures. Could use a little tweaking of phrasing if someone has the score, though. Adam Cuerden 10:34, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Will add a reference soon for my latest edit: Have to dig out my Prouts. Adam Cuerden talk 15:13, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

"The overture has become a staple at the Last Night of the Proms". Nope. I was there in person most years 1981-1994, and have just checked the programmes for 2002, 2003, 2006. It appeared in none of those years, and before that was no more a staple than any other lively and popular pice of music.

title: Talk:Overture to Candide


text:
Nikolayevka (station), Nikolayevsky Selsoviet, Mikhaylovsky District, Altai Krai

Nikolayevka (Николаевка) is a rural locality (a station) in Mikhaylovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2013. There are 2 streets.


text:
General Relativity/Metric tensor

<General Relativity

Recall that a tensor is a linear function which can convert vectors into scalars. Recall also that a distance can be stated as a formula that converts vectors to a scalar. So can we express distance with tensors formulas? Yes, we can.

The first problem comes in, in that tensors are linear functions, but we have some squares in our distance formula. We can deal with this with a mathematical trick. Consider the formula for distance in normal three dimensional Euclidean space using cartesian coordinates:

$$\mathbf{d}s^2 = \mathbf{d}x^2 + \mathbf{d}y^2 + \mathbf{d}z^2$$

We can rewrite this as:

$$\mathbf{d}s^2 = \delta_{ij} \mathbf{d}x^i \mathbf{d}x^j$$

Now $$\delta_{ij}$$ is obviously a tensor. What type of tensor is it? Well it takes two contravariant vectors and turns them into a scalar $$ds^2$$. So it must be a covariant tensor of rank 2. $$\delta_{ij}$$ is called the Kronecker delta tensor, which is 1 whenever $$i = j$$ and 0 otherwise. In general, instead of components $$\delta_{ij}$$, we have $$g_{ij}$$ :

$$\mathbf{d}s^2 = g_{ij} \mathbf{d}x^i \mathbf{d}x^j$$

This leads us to a general metric tensor $$g_{ij}$$. As shown earlier, in Euclidean 3-space, $$ \left( g_{ij} \right)$$ is simply the Kronecker delta matrix.

And that is the equation of distances in Euclidean three space in tensor notation.

Now let's do special relativity using this notation:

$$\mathbf{d}s^2=g_{\mu \nu} \mathbf{d}x^\mu \mathbf{d}x^\nu $$

where the Greek letters just remind us that we are summing over four dimensional space time. Now in the case of special relativity $$g_{\mu\nu}$$ is zero for where $$\mu$$ and $$\nu$$ are different, +1 for the space indices 1,2,3 and $$-c^2$$ for the time index. We can call this special matrix $$\eta$$, giving us the formulas:

$$\mathbf{d}s^2=\eta_{\mu \nu} \mathbf{d}x^\mu \mathbf{d}x^\nu $$

In general, however, $$g_{ij}$$ will not be a constant. A simple example where we can see that is spherical coordinates, with the metric

$$\mathbf{d}s^2 = \mathbf{d}r^2 + r^2 \mathbf{d}\theta^2 + r^2 \sin^2\theta \mathbf{d}\phi^2$$

Here, $$x^1 = r$$, $$x^2 = \theta$$, $$x^3 = \phi$$, $$g_{11} = 1$$, $$g_{22} = r^2$$, $$g_{33} = r^2 \sin^2\theta$$, and $$g_{12} = g_{13} = g_{23} = 0$$.

Also, a metric may have off-diagonal terms, as in

$$\mathbf{d}s^2 = 2 \mathbf{d}x \mathbf{d}y$$

It is easy to see that $$g_{12} = 1$$ and $$g_{11} = g_{22} = 0$$.

title: General Relativity/Metric tensor


text:
Free refill

Free refills occur when a drink's receptacle, usually that of a soft drink, tea or coffee, is allowed to be filled again by its purchaser, free of charge, after they have consumed the drink. Occasionally the glass or cup holding the drink is not reused, and the "refill" actually constitutes the acquisition of a second (or more than one) additional entirely new drink(s) for no added charge, usually of the same kind (e.g. the same brand of soft drink) as the original, paid-for drink. Free refills are commonplace in the United States and Canada in traditional restaurants and fast food restaurants, while rarer in airports, cafés, or service stations. Around the world, the availability of free refills is typically scarce, but varies widely depending on the country and the type and specific ownership or chain of each establishment.

Early America
Although no one can trace the exact roots of the "free refill", there are a few historical references. According to the book The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug, around the 1890s if you were to ask a European visitor what in his opinion is the most noteworthy feature of American cafes, he is most likely to say, "they refill your cup without charge, without asking!" This book also contains another historical reference; it refers to the American roots of free refill. It states, "perhaps, the endless refill is symbolic of America's special affection for coffee and its culture of largesse and informality as well".

Modern America
The now defunct Dallas chain restaurant Steak and Ale was the first to help popularize the now industry standard of free refills.

In 1988 Taco Bell launched their "value initiative" which included drive-through windows, reduced prices, and free refills. As a major soda company (PepsiCo) owned Taco Bell at that time, this was strategically done to increase revenue and build the drink company's brand awareness. Free refills are now offered in most American restaurants.

Worldwide availability
There is little consistency outside of North America regarding the availability of free refills. For example, Burger King restaurants in Spain often provide free refills, whereas in Bolivia, Burger King restaurants do not. In France, free refills on sugary drinks, such as soft drinks and sports drinks with added sugars and sweeteners, have been outlawed to combat rising obesity rates. In Germany, most restaurants charge even to refill water (but not for KFC). In Japan, free refills are referred to as "drink bar" (ドリンクバー) and often a separate purchase is required to access them. In the Nordic countries, particularly Sweden, customers are often entitled to one refill for their coffee either for free or at a large discount. This refill is known by the Swedish term “påtår”.

Marketing
Free refills are seen as a good way to attract customers to an establishment, especially one whose beverages are not their primary source of income. Due to the extremely low cost of fountain soft drinks (especially the beverage itself, not including the cost of the cup, lid and straw), often offering a profit margin of 80-82%, establishments tend to offer free refills as a sales gimmick. Coffee produces a similar high profit margin, allowing establishments to include coffee in free refill offers. Most of these establishments have fast customer turnover, thus customers rarely consume enough beverage to make the offering unprofitable. Some establishments, who make their primary income with beverage sales, only offer free refills to members of rewards programs.

Bars in the United States often do not charge designated drivers for soft drinks, including refills.

United States
In certain areas of the United States, such as Massachusetts and New York, politicians have proposed banning free refills as a move against obesity.

When New York City banned sugary drinks over 16 ounces in 2012, critics faulted free refills as one of the ban's biggest weaknesses.

In June 2012 Cambridge, Massachusetts, mayor Henrietta Davis unsuccessfully proposed banning soft drink refills.

France
The French government is another critic of free refills, due to health concerns about obesity. France created a tax on sugary drinks in 2011. In September 2014, Serge Hercberg, head of France's National Nutrition and Health Programme, stated that free refills of sugary drinks should be banned. In January 2017, a law was passed banning the unlimited sale of pop and other sugary drinks at all public eateries.

title: Free refill


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Catman Cohen

OTRS ticket<PHONE_NUMBER>018946. -- Jeandré, 2006-08-11t11:56z


text:
Cookbook talk:Cuisine of Germany

Isn't the division into regions somewhat rudimentary? Wouldn't a chapter for each land make more sense? I see this would be the end of the Suabian chapter, so maybe there should be even more chapters according to regions.

 * That would be great. There are so much and big differences between the different regions, even between Suabian Meals and Bavarian Meals..

How can somebody insert the Austrian Cuisine into the chapter "Cuisine of Germany"? I will move this to Cuisine of Austria.

title: Cookbook talk:Cuisine of Germany


text:
Satellite digital imaging system

The satellite digital imaging system (SDIS) is a simple system composed of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and custom integration software, which allows the operator to transmit digital photos from an aircraft in flight to a ground station. It is currently used by the United States Civil Air Patrol (CAP) for domestic search and rescue operations and commercial photography.

Components

 * Nikon D100 digital SLR camera.
 * Panasonic Toughbook laptop computer with SDIS software installed.
 * Satellite telephone.

The SDIS consists essentially of connecting these three devices to one another. No hardware is physically installed in the aircraft.

Operation
Prior to takeoff, the operator connects the laptop to the web mission information reporting system (WMIRS) and obtains a mission identifier. During flight, photos are downloaded to the laptop computer and e-mailed to the customer or CAP base using the satellite phone. Images are also captured to a memory card in the digital camera, and may be edited or uploaded to the WMIRS after landing.

The satellite digital imaging system (SDIS) was demonstrated successfully in the search and recovery efforts following hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005.

Advantages/disadvantages
Advantages
 * Near real-time
 * Low cost
 * Multi-facet use

Disadvantages
 * Unreliable (If high cloud-cover is present satellite acquisition is difficult)
 * Slow upload (due to sat. feed)

title: Satellite digital imaging system


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Commercial planning

The result was   redirect to Strategic planning. — Coffee //  have a cup  //  beans  // 00:56, 24 February 2015 (UTC)

Commercial planning

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Personal essay, original research Bhny (talk) 16:43, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Business-related deletion discussions. Rahat (Talk * Contributions) 18:15, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, -- Sam Sing! 18:04, 16 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Strategic planning. Not enough coverage to justify a separate article IMO. --ceradon ( talk  •  contribs ) 07:58, 23 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete and redirect to Strategic planning, which covers almost all of the same material. This article is an essay that summarizes a number of standard MBA textbooks on strategic planning in business. Strategic management is not as good a redirect as it is rather broader, covering game theory in business as well as strategic planning. Fiachra10003 (talk) 14:47, 23 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Agia Dynati

Agia Dynati (Greek: Αγία Δυνατή, Saint Dynati) is the second highest Greek mountain of Cefalonia (1131 m.), after Mount Ainos (Mavrovouno). It is also the third highest mountain of the Ionian Islands, after Ainos and Elati (Lefkada). Between the mountain's peaks are small tablelands, with a larger one named Falari. It is believed that Falari produces the best feta cheese in Greece.

The stretch of the mountain includes parts of the municipalities of Lixouri, Pylaros, Sami, and Kranaia. At Agia Dynati, during the 16th century, the Holy Monastery of Panagia Thematon was built. Many traditional villages, such as Makriotika, Divarata, Poulata, are built in the mountains.

In mythology, Agia Dynati is believed to be the rock that Cronus threw to Earth, after Zeus gained power. Rhea, the wife of Cronus, gave him the rock, covered with swaddling clothes, to eat, because Cronus had eaten all of her children. When Cronus swallowed the rock, he suffered. So, Rhea could birth his child Zeus in Crete without Cronus knowing it. When Zeus gained power, he commanded Cronus to throw the rock, and the children he had eaten, to the Earth. The origin of the name "Agia Dynati" is unknown, as there is no Saint Dynati on the Orthodox calendar.

In Agia Dynati, members of the 33 Infantry Division Acqui were killed by Germans during the infamous "Massacre of the Acqui Division."

title: Agia Dynati


text:
Cookbook:Garlic Croutons I

| Bread | French cuisine | Salads | Soups

Garlic croutons can be purchased but are much better when made from old bread. They are a crucial ingredient of Caesar Salad.

Ingredients

 * 4 slices day-old French bread, cubed
 * 2 cloves garlic, minced
 * 4 tablespoons olive oil
 * Salt to taste

Procedure

 * 1) Pour the olive oil into a shallow bowl over the garlic and let it soak. Soaking it longer will yield more garlic flavor.
 * 2) Preheat the oven to 350 °F (~180 °C).
 * 3) Strain the olive oil into a frying pan and fry the bread cubes in it, tossing to coat with oil.
 * 4) Spread the bread cubes on a baking sheet and sprinkle with salt. Bake for 10 minutes or until crispy and dry.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * To make non-garlic croutons, simply omit the garlic.
 * One may omit the prep work of mincing the garlic by adding the whole cloves of garlic to the oil and then crushing the garlic (either with a mortar or a fork).
 * By using very small bread cubes, frying crisp, and omitting the baking, these croutons may be used in place of potatoes.

title: Cookbook:Garlic Croutons I


text:
Python Programming/Creating Python programs/Solutions

< Back to Problems

1. Modify the hello.py program to say hello to a historical political leader (or to Ada Lovelace).

This is just a matter of replacing world with a different name, for example:

2. Change the program so that after the greeting, it asks, "How did you get here?".

This can be accomplished by adding a second print statement:

3. ''Re-write the original program to use two print statements: one for "Hello" and one for "world". The program should still only print out on one line.''

This can be accomplished by passing the end parameter in the first print statement, and telling it to finish the output with a space (Python 3):

When using Python 2.6 and up, you can use the ',' operator to prevent print from inserting a newline at the end.The ',' instead inserts a space at the end of the string to be printed. When using print as a function, the comma is placed outside the parentheses (Python 2.7.5).


text:
Talk:Dandelion Wine

Stage Adaptation
I know a person who was on the production crew for the 1972 adaptation at CSUF whom worked directly with Bradbury on the show. I am aware that this is not a good refrence, but certainly there is some more information of this production somewhere. --NeoVampTrunks 19:27, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

Here's a 1972 interview with Bradbury that mentions it: doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1973.00227.x

I was studying theatre at CSUF at the time and remember this production well. It was the first stage adaptation of the novel, and Bradbury was brought in to do it by the director, Kirk Mee. They may have worked on the script together, but Bradbury got the credit.

A couple of years later he adapted his story "Pillar of Fire" into a one-act for the same director.

--galensaysyes —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:48, 24 February 2010 (UTC)

Plot Summary Way, Way, Way, Way, Way Too Long
Couple of paragraphs would be fine to summarize this self-indulgent clunker. Otherwise, read the book.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:01, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

This article also goes far beyond Fair Use and is an insult to the authors work. No one wants to read the long-winded ramblings of writer-wannabee's.... — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:45, 29 June 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dandelion Wine


text:
pavor

Etymology
From (13th century, ), from.

Noun

 * 1)  dread

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The act of trembling, quaking, throbbing or panting with fear.
 * 2) Fear, alarm, terror, fright, panic.
 * 3) Fear through expectation, dread, thrill, anxiety, trepidation.
 * 1) Fear through expectation, dread, thrill, anxiety, trepidation.

Usage notes

 * The old nominative singular form is also found.

Descendants
In several cases, the ending was substituted by.

 * Balkan Romance:
 * Italo-Romance:
 * North Italian:
 * Old
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Old
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Old
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) intense fear, dread

Etymology
From. It may be a semi-learned term in its current form, preserving the intervocalic 'v' unlike other non-Iberian Romance cognates (compare the attested Old Spanish form ); descendants of Latin (e.g. Spanish ) were the primary words for "fear" on the Iberian peninsula. See also the dialectal, with a change of suffix as with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) dread, fright, fear

title: pavor


text:
User:Absolwent/sandbox

2015-02-08 05:50 GMT

MKVToolNix is a collection of tools for the Matroska media container format by Moritz Bunkus including mkvmerge. The free and open source Matroska libraries and tools are available since 2003-05-01 for various platforms including Linux and BSD distributions, Mac OS and Windows. The tools can be also downloaded from video software distributors   and FOSS repositories. Version 7.5.0 was released on 2015-01-24.

Applications
MKVToolNix was reviewed by the Linux Journal, Linux Format, the ICTE Journal, and Softpedia among others. The tools are cited in patents for a "Universal container for audio data". A "portable" Windows edition exists, but is not available in the PortableApps format.

Components

 * mmg: is a simple wxWidgets GUI for mkvmerge.
 * mkvmerge: merges multimedia streams into a Matroska file.
 * mkvinfo: lists all elements contained in a .mkv file.
 * mkvextract: extracts specific parts from a .mkv file to other formats.
 * mkvpropedit: allows to analyse and modify some .mkv file properties.

title: User:Absolwent/sandbox


text:
Tim Dlulane

Tim Dlulane (born 5 June 1981) is a South African former rugby union player.

Biography
Born in Umtata, Dlulane later on furthered his education in Kokstad at Kokstad College. This is where he first started his rugby career. He made his senior provincial debut for the in 2003.

Whilst playing for the Pumas, Dlulane was included in the Springboks squad for the end of year tours in Europe in 2004. He came off the bench in a Test against Wales at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff. South Africa won the match by two points, 38 to 36. He produced a man-of-the-match performance as well as scoring a try for the Blue Bulls in the win over the Free State Cheetahs in the 2006 Currie Cup. Dlulane sustained a neck injury in a 2006 Currie Cup match and had an operation to correct the damage.

After his playing career, Dlulane acted as senior team manager at the Bulls in the international Super Rugby competition until 2017.

title: Tim Dlulane


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User:Sudhir mishra

SUDHIR MISHRA from india "I think we should have to do tests and understand what comes and be continue for change without any boundry and limits whatever our mind birthing thoughts. I am very happy to join Wikiversity.

title: User:Sudhir mishra


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Talk:Physics Study Guide/Normal force and friction

Here is a problem:

A block is at rest on the incline shown in the figure. The coefficients of static and kinetic friction are .53 and .45 respectively. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8

A 37-kg block on an incline of 24 degrees.

What is the frictional force acting on the 37-kg mass? answer in N.

5 N

Here is another problem- there is no figure


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Podpalattsy

Podpalattsy (Подпалатцы) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Bugryshikhinsky Selsoviet, Kuryinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 9 as of 2013. There are 2 streets.

Geography
Podpalattsy is located 68 km southeast of Kurya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bugryshikha is the nearest rural locality.

title: Podpalattsy


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Darold Knowles

Darold Duane Knowles (born December 9, 1941) is an American former professional baseball pitcher and coach, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1965 through 1980, most notably as a member of the Oakland Athletics dynasty that won three consecutive World Series championships between 1972 and 1974. In the 1973 World Series, Knowles became the first pitcher to appear in all seven games of a World Series. He also played for the Baltimore Orioles, Philadelphia Phillies, Washington Senators / Texas Rangers, Chicago Cubs, Montreal Expos, and St. Louis Cardinals. Knowles batted and threw left-handed. In 2014, he was hired as the pitching coach of the Florida State League's Dunedin Blue Jays.

Baltimore Orioles
Knowles attended Brunswick High School, then signed with the Baltimore Orioles in 1961 after attending the University of Missouri. He spent four seasons in their farm system, going 45–28 with a 2.83 earned run average (ERA), mostly as a starter. Knowles made his debut with the Orioles on April 18, 1965, pitching 1.2 innings out of the bullpen, and giving up five earned runs before returning to the triple A Rochester Red Wings. Upon completion of the International League (IL) season, Knowles received a September call back up to Baltimore. He went 0–1 with a 6.92 ERA in his return. The loss came against the Detroit Tigers, in Knowles’ only start.

Philadelphia Phillies
Knowles was traded with Jackie Brandt to the Phillies for Jack Baldschun on December 6, 1965. He won the season opener against the St. Louis Cardinals, pitching six innings of one-run ball to earn his first career win. His first career save came on May 12 against the Los Angeles Dodgers. For the 1966 season, Knowles earned 13 saves. His 69 appearances, all in relief, were the third highest total of any pitcher in the league. At the end of his only season in Philadelphia, he was traded to the Washington Senators for Don Lock.

Washington Senators
Knowles began earning a reputation as a work-horse relief pitcher, as he was used 61 times by manager Gil Hodges in 1967. He was used 32 times in 1968 when his season was cut short by President Lyndon B. Johnson's reserve call-up of the USAF's 113th Tactical Fighter Wing in which he was an airman first class. He returned to the Senators in May 1969, and went 4–1 with four saves and a 2.01 ERA to earn his only career All-Star nod.

Despite a 2–14 record in 1970, Knowles enjoyed career highs in saves (27), appearances (71) and innings pitched (119.1).

Oakland A's
On May 8, 1971, the first-place Oakland Athletics acquired Knowles and Mike Epstein for Frank Fernandez, Paul Lindblad, and Don Mincher. Knowles only allowed four of 35 inherited runners to score, and earned seven saves and five wins out of a bullpen that already included Rollie Fingers and Bob Locker. The A's won the American League West by 16 games over the Kansas City Royals, but were swept by the Baltimore Orioles in the 1971 American League Championship Series. Knowles' only series appearance came in game three.

In 1972, Knowles went 5–1 with a 1.37 ERA and 11 saves, but he was lost for the postseason due to a broken thumb.

1973 World Series
Knowles made five starts for the world champion A's in 1973, pitching his only complete game shutout against the Boston Red Sox on August 14. The Athletics repeated as American League champions, and faced the New York Mets in the 1973 World Series. Knowles appeared in all seven games of the World Series, pitching $6 1/3$ innings without giving up an earned run, and earning the saves in games one and seven. He is one of only two pitchers to appear in all seven games of a World Series (the other pitcher being Brandon Morrow, in ).

In his 1980 autobiography, Athletics manager Alvin Dark recalled that Knowles "was having a bad year" in 1974. In one game where Knowles struggled, Dark came to the mound to remove him from the game. Knowles argued with him on the mound, protesting that he would not get in shape unless he was able to pitch him more often. "Why don't you trade me?" he asked Dark when they got back to the dugout. "Because nobody wants you, that's why!" Dark retorted. Knowles went 3–3 with a 4.22 ERA and blowing two of his five save opportunities. His .296 batting average against was the highest in the Oakland bullpen. Regardless, the A's won their third World Series in a row in ; however, Knowles did not make a post-season appearance. Shortly after the World Series, he, Bob Locker and Manny Trillo were dealt to the Chicago Cubs for Billy Williams.

Final years
Knowles inherited the closer role in Chicago, saving 15 in 1975 and nine in 1976. Shortly before spring training 1977, Knowles was dealt to the Rangers for a player to be named later (Gene Clines) and cash. He went 5–2 with a 3.22 ERA and four saves to help the Rangers to a second-place finish. After the season, he was reunited with his former A's manager Dick Williams when his contract was sold to the Expos. He appeared in 60 games with the Expos, going 3–3 with six saves and a 2.38 ERA.

Knowles did not enjoy playing in Canada, citing taxes, language problems and political unrest in Quebec as the reasons for his displeasure. After just one season in Montreal, Knowles signed a two-year deal with his home team Cardinals.

Knowles made 48 appearances and earned six saves with the Cards in 1979. He made just two appearances in April 1980 before retiring and accepting a coaching position in the Cardinals' farm system. At the time of his retirement, he was tied for 13th in career saves.

In between, Knowles played winter ball with the Tiburones de La Guaira club of the Venezuelan League in the 1964–1965 season, where he posted a 13-9 record with a 2.37 ERA and 155 strikeouts to earn Triple Crown honors.

Coaching career
After serving eight years as a minor league roving pitching coach for the Cardinals, Knowles was hired as the Philadelphia Phillies' pitching coach in January 1988 by new manager Nick Leyva. Under Knowles, the Phillies' pitching staff, which had a National League worst 4.14 ERA and in 1988, they showed improvement the next year but Knowles was moved to a minor league coaching position after the 1990 season.

In 2001 Knowles became the pitching coach for the Nashville Sounds, AAA affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates.

On January 13, 2005, Knowles was named as the pitching coach for the Toronto Blue Jays Single-A affiliate Dunedin Blue Jays.

Knowles was named to the Florida State League Baseball Hall of Fame in 2012.

title: Darold Knowles


text:
New Zealand Pilot License

This is a list of resources related to the New Zealand Pilot License.

Private Pilot License

 * Subject 2: /Flight Radiotelephony/
 * Subject 4: Air Law
 * Subject 6: /Air Navigation and Flight Planning/
 * Subject 8: Meteorology
 * Subject 10: Human Factors
 * Subject 12: /Aircraft Technical Knowledge/

Commercial Pilot License

 * Subject 16: Air Law
 * Subject 18: /Flight Navigation General/
 * Subject 20: Meteorology
 * Subject 22: /Flight and Aircraft Performance/
 * Subject 26: /Aircraft Technical Knowledge/
 * Subject 34: Human Factors

title: New Zealand Pilot License


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Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps

Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps is an oil on canvas painting by J. M. W. Turner, first exhibited in 1812. Left to the nation in the Turner Bequest, it was acquired by the National Gallery in London in 1856, and is now held by the Tate Gallery.

Content
The painting depicts the struggle of Hannibal's soldiers to cross the Maritime Alps in 218BC, opposed by the forces of nature and local tribes. A curving black storm cloud dominates the sky, poised to descend on the soldiers in the valley below, with an orange-yellow sun attempting to break through the clouds. A white avalanche cascades down the mountain to the right. Hannibal himself is not clearly depicted, but may be riding the elephant just visible in the distance. The large animal is dwarfed by the storm and the landscape, with the sunlit plains of Italy opening up beyond. In the foreground, Salassian tribesmen are fighting Hannibal's rearguard, confrontations that are described in the histories of Polybius and Livy. The painting measures 146 xx. It contains the first appearance in Turner's work of a swirling oval vortex of wind, rain and cloud, a dynamic composition of contrasting light and dark that will recur in later works, such as his 1842 painting Snow Storm: Steam-Boat off a Harbour's Mouth.

Background
Turner saw parallels between Hannibal and Napoleon, and between the historic Punic War between Rome and Carthage and the contemporary Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France. The painting is Turner's response to Jacques-Louis David's portrait of Napoleon Crossing the Alps, of Napoleon leading his army over the Great St Bernard Pass in May 1800, which Turner had seen during a visit to Paris in 1802. Turner set his painting in the Val d'Aosta, one of the possible routes that Hannibal may have used to cross the Alps, which Turner had also visited in 1802.

Identifying Napoleon and France with Hannibal and Carthage was unusual: as a land power with a relatively weak navy, France was more usually identified with Rome, and the naval power of Britain drew parallels with Carthage. A more typical symbolism, linking the modern naval power of Britain with the ancient naval power of Carthage, can be detected in Turner's later works, Dido Building Carthage, and The Decline of the Carthaginian Empire.

Composition
The irregular composition, without geometric axes or perspective, breaks traditional rules of composition. It is similar to Turner's 1800-2 watercolour, Edward I's Army in Wales, painted to illustrate a passage from the poem The Bard by Thomas Gray, in which an army marches diagonally across the painting through a mountain pass, and is assailed by an archer to the left of the painting. Turner sketched out the foreground figures as early as 1804, and had observed an impressive storm from Farnley Hall, the house of Walter Fawkes in Yorkshire, in 1810; making notes on the back of a letter, he remarked to Fawkes' son Hawkesworth that its like would be seen again in two years, and it would be called "Hannibal crossing the Alps". Turner may also have been inspired by a lost oil painting of Hannibal's army descending the Alps into northern Italy by watercolourist John Robert Cozens, A Landscape with Hannibal in His March over the Alps, Showing to His Army the Fertile Plains of Italy, the only oil painting that Cozens exhibited at the Royal Academy, and also an entry in list of imaginary paintings written by Thomas Gray, which speculated that Salvator Rosa could have painted "Hannibal passing the Alps". Another spur to make the painting could have been the visit of a delegation from the Tyrol to London in 1809, seeking support to oppose Napoleon.

Exhibition history
The painting was first exhibited at the Royal Academy summer exhibition at Somerset House in 1812, accompanied in the catalogue with some lines from Turner's unfinished epic poem Fallacies of Hope: Craft, treachery, and fraud – Salassian force,

Hung on the fainting rear! then Plunder seiz'd

The victor and the captive, – Saguntum's spoil,

Alike, became their prey; still the chief advanc'd,

Look'd on the sun with hope; – low, broad, and wan;

While the fierce archer of the downward year

Stains Italy's blanch'd barrier with storms.

In vain each pass, ensanguin'd deep with dead,

Or rocky fragments, wide destruction roll'd.

Still on Campania's fertile plains – he thought,

But the loud breeze sob'd, "Capua's joys beware!" Turner insisted that the painting should be hung low on the wall at the exhibition to ensure it would be viewed from the correct angle. It was widely praised as impressive, terrible, magnificent and sublime.

The painting was left to the nation in the Turner Bequest in 1856, and held by the National Gallery until it was transferred to the Tate Gallery in 1910.


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User:ExhaustedGamerTj/sandbox

Stick With It
Stick with it, created by sam hogan, is a game thats about a circular ball trying to get to the top of the level. You habe to time and aim your jumps to land on platformswhile also avoiding obsticals. You can play it both on desktop, and on mobile,

Recent additions to the game included:

adding different characters to pick from

Adding a new difficulty (hard mode)

Checkpoints (hardmode)

An undo button(hardmode)

And Spikes

title: User:ExhaustedGamerTj/sandbox


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Bossing & Ai

Bossing & Ai is a Philippine television comedy game show broadcast by GMA Network. Hosted by Vic Sotto and Ai-Ai delas Alas, it premiered on September 24, 2017 on the network's Sunday Grande sa Gabi line up. The show concluded on February 4, 2018 with a total of 19 episodes.

Hosts

 * Vic Sotto
 * Ai-Ai delas Alas

 * Co-hosts
 * Boobsie Wonderland
 * Jelson Bay

 * Guests
 * Jose Manalo
 * Oyo Boy Sotto
 * Tart Carlos
 * Ciara Sotto
 * Pauleen Luna
 * Kristine Hermosa
 * Philip Lazaro

Ratings
According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Nationwide Urban Television Audience Measurement People in television homes, the pilot episode of Bossing & Ai earned a 4.6% rating. While the final episode scored a 4% rating.

title: Bossing & Ai


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User:Mmuenchow

William Brian Muenchow the fifth

William Muenchow is a talented or if so the greatest basketball player to live. He is mostly known for his game winners at the YMCA.

title: User:Mmuenchow


text:
Talk:Dimitris Saravakos

Small mistake
Saravakos always played as an attacking right winger, and not attacking left half, he always wore no 7 —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:03, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dimitris Saravakos


text:
User:Jon Awbrey/BIB

=Bibliographies=

General references

 * Aquinas, Thomas, "Summa Theologica", Fathers of the English Dominican Province (trans.), Daniel J. Sullivan (ed.), vols. 19–20 in Robert Maynard Hutchins (ed.), Great Books of the Western World, Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., Chicago, IL, 1952.

 * Aristotle, "The Categories", Harold P. Cooke (trans.), pp. 1–109 in Aristotle, Volume 1, Loeb Classical Library, William Heinemann, London, UK, 1938.

 * Aristotle, "On Interpretation", Harold P. Cooke (trans.), pp. 111–179 in Aristotle, Volume 1, Loeb Classical Library, William Heinemann, London, UK, 1938.

 * Aristotle, "Prior Analytics", Hugh Tredennick (trans.), pp. 181–531 in Aristotle, Volume 1, Loeb Classical Library, William Heinemann, London, UK, 1938.

 * Aristotle, "On the Soul" (De Anima), W.S. Hett (trans.), pp. 1–203 in Aristotle, Volume 8, Loeb Classical Library, William Heinemann, London, UK, 1936.

 * Kneale, William, and Kneale, Martha, The Development of Logic, Oxford University Press, London, UK, 1962.

 * Leibniz, G.W., Logical Papers (1666–1690), G.H.R. Parkinson (ed., trans.), Oxford University Press, London, UK, 1966.

 * Plato, "The Republic, Volume 1", Paul Shorey (trans.), pp. 1–535 in Plato, Volume 5, Loeb Classical Library, William Heinemann, London, UK, 1930.

 * Plato, "The Republic, Volume 2", Paul Shorey (trans.), pp. 1–521 in Plato, Volume 6, Loeb Classical Library, William Heinemann, London, UK, 1935.

 * Plato, "Alcibiades 1", W.R.M. Lamb (trans.), pp. 93–223 in Plato, Volume 12, Loeb Classical Library, William Heinemann, London, UK, 1927.

 * van Heijenoort, Jean (ed. 1967), From Frege To Gödel: A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879–1931, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Reference works

 * A Greek-English Lexicon (1940), Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott, revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones, with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie, Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK. Online.

 * Audi, Robert (ed., 1999), The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1995. 2nd edition, 1999.  Cited as CDP.

 * Baldwin, James Mark (ed., 1901–1905), Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology, 3 volumes in 4, Macmillan, New York, NY.

 * Blackburn, Simon (1996), The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1994. Paperback edition with new Chronology, 1996.  Cited as ODP.

 * Bourke, Vernon J. (1962), "Rationalism", p. 263 in Runes (1962).

 * Feibleman, James K. (1962), "Nominalism", p. 211 in Runes (1962).

 * Lacey, A.R. (1996), A Dictionary of Philosophy, 1st edition, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1976. 2nd edition, 1986.  3rd edition, Routledge, London, UK, 1996.

 * Runes, Dagobert D. (ed., 1962), Dictionary of Philosophy, Littlefield, Adams, and Company, Totowa, NJ.

 * Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, Second Edition, Unabridged (1950), W.A. Neilson, T.A. Knott, P.W. Carhart (eds.), G. & C. Merriam Company, Springfield, MA. Cited as MWU.

 * Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (1983), Frederick C. Mish (ed.), Merriam–Webster Inc., Springfield, MA. Cited as MWC.

Peirce bibliography

 * Peirce, C.S., Bibliography.

 * Peirce, C.S., Bibliography.

Bibliographic resources

 * Ketner, K.L., et al. (1986), A Comprehensive Bibliography of the Works of C.S. Peirce, Philosophy Documentation Center, Bowling Green, OH, 1986.

 * Moore, E., and Robin, R.S. (1964), Studies in the Philosophy of C.S. Peirce, Second Series, University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, MA, 1964. Bibliography of secondary literature prior to 1964, pp. 486-514.

 * Robin, Richard S. (1967), Annotated Catalogue of the Papers of Charles S. Peirce, University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, MA, 1967. Eprint

Philosophy

 * Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan (1987), Truth and Beauty. Aesthetics and Motivations in Science, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.

 * Delaney, C.F. (1993), Science, Knowledge, and Mind: A Study in the Philosophy of C.S. Peirce, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN.

 * Dewey, John (1900–1901), Lectures on Ethics 1900–1901, Donald F. Koch (ed.), Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale and Edwardsville, IL.

 * Dewey, John (1932), Theory of the Moral Life, Part 2 of John Dewey and James H. Tufts, Ethics, Henry Holt and Company, New York, NY, 1908. 2nd edition, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1932.  Reprinted, Arnold Isenberg (ed.), Victor Kestenbaum (pref.), Irvingtion Publishers, New York, NY, 1980.

 * Foucault, Michel (1997), Essential Works of Foucault, 1954–1984, Volume 1, Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth, Paul Rabinow (ed.), Robert Hurley et al. (trans.), The New Press, New York, NY.

 * Habermas, Jürgen (1976), "What Is Universal Pragmatics?", 1st published, "Was heißt Universalpragmatik?", Sprachpragmatik und Philosophie, Karl-Otto Apel (ed.), Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main.  Reprinted, pp. 1–68 in Jürgen Habermas, Communication and the Evolution of Society, Thomas McCarthy (trans.), Beacon Press, Boston, MA, 1979.

 * Habermas, Jürgen (1990), Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action, Christian Lenhardt and Shierry Weber Nicholsen (trans.), Thomas McCarthy (intro.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Habermas, Jürgen (2003), Truth and Justification, Barbara Fultner (trans.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Hanson, Norwood Russell (1958), Patterns of Discovery, An Inquiry into the Conceptual Foundations of Science, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

 * Kreitler, Hans, and Kreitler, Shulamith (1972), Psychology of the Arts, Duke University Press, Durham, NC.

 * Rawls, John (2000), Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, Barbara Herman (ed.), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Rorty, Richard (1991), Objectivity, Relativism, and Truth: Philosophical Papers, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

 * Russell, Bertrand (1912), The Problems of Philosophy, 1st published 1912. Reprinted, Galaxy Book, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1959.  Reprinted, Prometheus Books, Buffalo, NY, 1988.

 * Smart, Ninian (1969), The Religious Experience of Mankind, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, NY.

 * Stalnaker, Robert C. (1984), Inquiry, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Wallace, Anthony F.C. (1966), Religion: An Anthropological View, Random House, New York, NY.

Pragmatism

 * Dewey, John (1900–1901), Lectures on Ethics 1900–1901, Donald F. Koch (ed.), Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale and Edwardsville, IL, 1991.

 * Dewey, John (1910), How We Think, D.C. Heath, Lexington, MA, 1910. Reprinted, Prometheus Books, Buffalo, NY, 1991.

 * Dewey, John (1929), The Quest for Certainty: A Study of the Relation of Knowledge and Action, Minton, Balch, and Company, New York, NY.  Reprinted, pp. 1–254 in John Dewey, The Later Works, 1925–1953, Volume 4: 1929, Jo Ann Boydston (ed.), Harriet Furst Simon (text. ed.), Stephen Toulmin (intro.), Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale and Edwardsville, IL, 1984.

 * Dewey, John (1932), Theory of the Moral Life, Part 2 of John Dewey and James H. Tufts, Ethics, Henry Holt and Company, New York, NY, 1908. 2nd edition, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1932.  Reprinted, Arnold Isenberg (ed.), Victor Kestenbaum (pref.), Irvington Publishers, New York, NY, 1980.

 * Dewey, John (1938), Logic: The Theory of Inquiry, Henry Holt and Company, New York, NY, 1938. Reprinted, pp. 1–527 in John Dewey, The Later Works, 1925–1953, Volume 12: 1938, Jo Ann Boydston (ed.), Kathleen Poulos (text. ed.), Ernest Nagel (intro.), Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale and Edwardsville, IL, 1986.

 * James, William (1904), A World of Pure Experience.

 * James, William (1907), Pragmatism, A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking, Popular Lectures on Philosophy, Longmans, Green, and Company, New York, NY.

 * James, William (1909), The Meaning of Truth, A Sequel to 'Pragmatism', Longmans, Green, and Company, New York, NY.

 * James, William (1912), Essays in Radical Empiricism.

 * Putnam, Hilary (1995), Pragmatism: An Open Question, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK.  1st published, Il Pragmatismo:  Una Questione Aperta, Giuseppe Laterzi and Figli Spa, Roma–Bari, Italy, 1992.

Logic and mathematics

 * Boole, George (1854), An Investigation of the Laws of Thought on Which are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities, Macmillan, 1854. Reprinted with corrections, Dover Publications, New York, NY, 1958.

 * Denning, P.J., Dennis, J.B., and Qualitz, J.E. (1978), Machines, Languages, and Computation, Prentice–Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. See §6.4, "Ultimately Periodic Behavior".

 * Leibniz, G.W. (1679–1686 ?), "Addenda to the Specimen of the Universal Calculus", pp. 40–46 in G.H.R. Parkinson (ed. and trans., 1966), Leibniz: Logical Papers, Oxford University Press, London, UK.

 * Peirce, C.S. (1931–1935, 1958), Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, vols. 1–6, Charles Hartshorne and Paul Weiss (eds.), vols. 7–8, Arthur W. Burks (ed.), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Cited as CP volume.paragraph.

 * Peirce, C.S. (1981–), Writings of Charles S. Peirce: A Chronological Edition, Peirce Edition Project (eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianoplis, IN.  Cited as CE volume, page.

 * Peirce, C.S. (1885), "On the Algebra of Logic: A Contribution to the Philosophy of Notation", American Journal of Mathematics 7 (1885), 180–202.  Reprinted as CP 3.359–403 and CE 5, 162–190.

 * Peirce, C.S. (c. 1886), "Qualitative Logic", MS 736. Published as pp. 101–115 in Carolyn Eisele (ed., 1976), The New Elements of Mathematics by Charles S. Peirce, Volume 4, Mathematical Philosophy, Mouton, The Hague.

 * Peirce, C.S. (1886 a), "Qualitative Logic", MS 582. Published as pp. 323–371 in Writings of Charles S. Peirce:  A Chronological Edition, Volume 5, 1884–1886, Peirce Edition Project (eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1993.

 * Peirce, C.S. (1886 b), "The Logic of Relatives: Qualitative and Quantitative", MS 584. Published as pp. 372–378 in Writings of Charles S. Peirce:  A Chronological Edition, Volume 5, 1884–1886, Peirce Edition Project (eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1993.

 * Spencer Brown, George (1969), Laws of Form, George Allen and Unwin, London, UK.

 * Barr, M. and Wells, C. (1990), Category Theory for Computing Science, Hemel Hempstead, UK.

 * Beaney, Michael (ed., 1997), The Frege Reader, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK.

 * Brown, Frank Markham (2003), Boolean Reasoning: The Logic of Boolean Equations, 1st edition, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA.  2nd edition, Dover Publications, Mineola, NY, 2003.

 * Bourbaki, N. (1994), Elements of the History of Mathematics, John Meldrum (trans.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.

 * Chang, C.C., and Keisler, H.J. (1973), Model Theory, North-Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

 * Church, Alonzo (1962a), "Name Relation, or Meaning Relation", p. 204 in Dagobert D. Runes (ed.), Dictionary of Philosophy, Littlefield, Adams, and Company, Totowa, NJ.

 * Church, Alonzo (1962b), "Truth, Semantical", p. 322 in Dagobert D. Runes (ed.), Dictionary of Philosophy, Littlefield, Adams, and Company, Totowa, NJ.

 * Dummett, Michael (1991 a), Frege, Philosophy of Mathematics, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Dummett, Michael (1991 b), Frege and Other Philosophers, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

 * Dummett, Michael (1993), Origins of Analytical Philosophy, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Garfield, Jay L., and Kiteley, Murray (1991), Meaning and Truth: The Essential Readings in Modern Semantics, Paragon House, New York, NY.

 * Gödel, Kurt (1931), "On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems", B. Meltzer (trans.), R.B. Braithwaite (intro.), Basic Books, New York, NY, 1962. Reprinted, Dover Publications, Mineola, NY, 1992.

 * Halmos, P.R., Naive Set Theory, D. Van Nostrand Company, Princeton, NJ, 1960.

 * Hardy, G.H. (1940), A Mathematician's Apology, 1st published, 1940. Reprinted, C.P. Snow (foreword), 1967.  Reprinted, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1992.

 * Huntley, H.E (1970), The Divine Proportion: A Study in Mathematical Beauty, Dover Publications, New York, NY.

 * Kelley, J.L. (1955), General Topology, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY.

 * Kleene, S.C. (1971), Introduction to Metamathematics, North–Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

 * Kline, Morris (1959), Mathematics and the Physical World, Thomas Y. Crowell Company, New York, NY, 1959. Reprinted, Dover Publications, Mineola, NY, 1981.

 * Kline, Morris (1972), Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.

 * Kneale, W., and Kneale, M. (1962), The Development of Logic, Oxford University Press, London, UK, 1962. Reprinted with corrections, 1975.

 * Kohavi, Zvi (1978), Switching and Finite Automata Theory, 1st edition, McGraw–Hill, 1970. 2nd edition, McGraw–Hill, 1978.

 * König, Julius (1905), "Über die Grundlagen der Mengenlehre und das Kontinuumproblem", Mathematische Annalen 61, 156–160. Reprinted, "On the Foundations of Set Theory and the Continuum Problem", Stefan Bauer-Mengelberg (trans.), pp. 145–149 in Jean van Heijenoort (ed., 1967).

 * Korfhage, Robert R. (1974), Discrete Computational Structures, Academic Press, New York, NY.

 * Kripke, Saul A. (1980), Naming and Necessity, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Lambek, J. and Scott, P.J. (1986), Introduction to Higher Order Categorical Logic, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

 * Lawvere, F.W., and Rosebrugh, R. (2003), Sets for Mathematics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

 * Lawvere, F.W. (2000), and Schanuel, S.H., Conceptual Mathematics, A First Introduction to Categories, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1997. Reprinted with corrections, 2000.

 * Leibniz, G.W., Logical Papers (1666–1690), G.H.R. Parkinson (ed., trans.), Oxford University Press, London, UK, 1966.

 * Linsky, Leonard (ed., 1971), Reference and Modality, Oxford University Press, London, UK.

 * Mac Lane, Saunders (1998), Categories for the Working Mathematician, 1st edition, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, 1971. 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.

 * Mathematical Society of Japan (1993), Encyclopedic Dictionary of Mathematics, 2nd edition, 2 vols., Kiyosi Itô (ed.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Cited as EDM.

 * Mili, A., Desharnais, J., Mili, F., with Frappier, M., Computer Program Construction, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1994. — Introduction to Tarskian relation theory and its applications within the relational programming paradigm.

 * Mitchell, J.C. (1996), Foundations for Programming Languages, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Moody, Ernest A. (1953), Truth and Consequence in Mediaeval Logic, North-Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1953. Reprinted, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 1976.

 * Nestruev, J. (2003), Smooth Manifolds and Observables, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.

 * Peirce, Benjamin (1870), "Linear Associative Algebra", § 1. See American Journal of Mathematics 4 (1881).

 * Peirce, C.S., Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, vols. 1–6, Charles Hartshorne and Paul Weiss (eds.), vols. 7–8, Arthur W. Burks (ed.), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1931–1935, 1958. Cited as CP (volume).(paragraph).

 * Peirce, C.S., Writings of Charles S. Peirce, A Chronological Edition, Peirce Edition Project (eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianoplis, IN, 1981–. Cited as CE (volume), (page).

 * Peirce, C.S. (1870), "Description of a Notation for the Logic of Relatives, Resulting from an Amplification of the Conceptions of Boole's Calculus of Logic", Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 9 (1870), 317–378. Reprinted (CP 3.45-149), (CE 2, 359-429).

 * Peirce, C.S. (1902), "The Simplest Mathematics", MS dated January–February 1902, intended as Chapter 3 of the "Minute Logic", CP 4.227–323 in Collected Papers.

 * Poizat, B. (2000), A Course in Model Theory: An Introduction to Contemporary Mathematical Logic, Moses Klein (trans.), Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.

 * Putnam, Hilary (1981), Reason, Truth, and History, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

 * Quine, W.V. (1951), "Two Dogmas of Empiricism", Philosophical Review (January 1951). Reprinted, pp. 20–46 in W.V. Quine, From a Logical Point of View, 1980.

 * Quine, W.V. (1976), The Ways of Paradox, and Other Essays, 1st edition, 1966. Revised and enlarged edition, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1976.

 * Quine, W.V. (1980), From a Logical Point of View, Logico-Philosophical Essays, 2nd edition, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1980.

 * Quine, W.V. (1982), Methods of Logic, (1st ed. 1950), (2nd ed. 1959), (3rd ed. 1972), 4th edition, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Quine, W.V. (1992), Pursuit of Truth, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990. Revised edition, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1992.

 * Quine, W.V., and Ullian, J.S. (1978), The Web of Belief, 1st edition, 1970. 2nd edition, Random House, New York, NY, 1978.

 * Ramsey, F.P. (1927), "Facts and Propositions", Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 7, 153–170. Reprinted, pp. 34–51 in F.P. Ramsey, Philosophical Papers, David Hugh Mellor (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1990.

 * Ramsey, F.P. (1990), Philosophical Papers, David Hugh Mellor (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

 * Rescher, Nicholas (1973), The Coherence Theory of Truth, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

 * Robinson, Gilbert de B. (1959), The Foundations of Geometry, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada, 1940, 1946, 1952, 4th edition 1959.

 * Royce, J., The Principles of Logic, Philosophical Library, New York, NY, 1961.

 * Russell, Bertrand (1912), The Problems of Philosophy, 1st published 1912. Reprinted, Galaxy Book, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1959.  Reprinted, Prometheus Books, Buffalo, NY, 1988.

 * Russell, Bertrand (1913), Theory of Knowledge (The 1913 Manuscript), Elizabeth Ramsden Eames (ed.), Kenneth Blackwell (collab.), George Allen & Unwin, 1984. Reprinted, Routledge, London, UK, 1992.

 * Russell, Bertrand (1918), "The Philosophy of Logical Atomism", The Monist, 1918. Reprinted, pp. 177–281 in Logic and Knowledge: Essays 1901–1950, Robert Charles Marsh (ed.), Unwin Hyman, London, UK, 1956.  Reprinted, pp. 35–155 in The Philosophy of Logical Atomism, David Pears (ed.), Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.

 * Russell, Bertrand (1940), An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth, 'The William James Lectures for 1940 Delivered at Harvard University', George Allen & Unwin, 1950. Reprinted, Thomas Baldwin (intro.), Routledge, London, UK, 1992.

 * Russell, Bertrand (1956), Logic and Knowledge: Essays 1901–1950, Robert Charles Marsh (ed.), Unwin Hyman, London, UK, 1956. Reprinted, Routledge, London, UK, 1992.

 * Russell, Bertrand (1985), The Philosophy of Logical Atomism, David Pears (ed.), Open Court, La Salle, IL.

 * Salmon, Nathan, and Soames, Scott (eds., 1988), Propositions and Attitudes, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

 * Smullyan, Raymond M. (1993), Recursion Theory for Metamathematics, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

 * Steiner, Mark (1998), The Applicability of Mathematics as a Philosophical Problem, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Styazhkin, N.I. (1969), History of Mathematical Logic from Leibniz to Peano, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Tait, W.W. (1986), "Truth and Proof: The Platonism of Mathematics", Synthese 69 (1986), 341–370.  Reprinted, pp. 142–167 in W.D. Hart (ed., 1996).

Tarski, A. (1935), "Der Wahrheitsbegriff in den formalisierten Sprachen", Studia Philosophica 1, pp. 261–405. Translated as "The Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages", in Tarksi (1983), pp. 152–278.

 * Tarski, Alfred (1944), "The Semantic Conception of Truth and the Foundations of Semantics", Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 4 (3), 341–376.

 * Tarski, Alfred (1983), Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics: Papers from 1923 to 1938, J.H. Woodger (trans.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1956.  2nd edition, John Corcoran (ed.), Hackett Publishing, Indianapolis, IN, 1983.

 * Ulam, S.M. (1990), Analogies Between Analogies: The Mathematical Reports of S.M. Ulam and His Los Alamos Collaborators, A.R. Bednarek and Françoise Ulam (eds.), University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.

 * Ulam, S.M. and Bednarek, A.R., "On the Theory of Relational Structures and Schemata for Parallel Computation", pp. 477-508 in A.R. Bednarek and Françoise Ulam (eds.), Analogies Between Analogies: The Mathematical Reports of S.M. Ulam and His Los Alamos Collaborators, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, 1990.

 * van Heijenoort, Jean (ed. 1967), From Frege To Gödel: A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879–1931, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Venetus, P., Logica Parva, Translation of the 1472 Edition with Introduction and Notes, Alan R. Perreiah (trans.), Philosophia Verlag, Munich, Germany, 1984.

 * Wilder, Raymond L. (1952), Introduction to the Foundations of Mathematics, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.

 * Williams, Bernard (2002), Truth and Truthfulness: An Essay in Genealogy, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

Journals

 * Philosophia Mathematica journal
 * The Philosophy of Mathematics Education Journal homepage

Psychology

 * Freud, Sigmund (1923), Das Ich und das Es, Internationaler Psycho-analytischer Verlag, Leipzig, Vienna, and Zurich. English translation, The Ego and the Id, Joan Riviere (trans.), Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-analysis, London, UK, 1927.  Revised for The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, James Strachey (ed.), W.W. Norton and Company, New York, NY, 1961.

Truth
Abbreviations for frequently cited works
 * CDP = Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (1999).
 * EBR n = Encylopedia Brittanica (1985), vol. n.
 * MEP n = Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1969), vol. n.
 * MWC = Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (1983).
 * MWU = Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, Second Edition, Unabridged (1950).
 * ODP = Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy (1996).
 * SEP = Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2006).

 * Aristotle, "The Categories", Harold P. Cooke (trans.), pp. 1–109 in Aristotle, Volume 1, Loeb Classical Library, William Heinemann, London, UK, 1938.

 * Aristotle, "On Interpretation", Harold P. Cooke (trans.), pp. 111–179 in Aristotle, Volume 1, Loeb Classical Library, William Heinemann, London, UK, 1938.

 * Aristotle, "Prior Analytics", Hugh Tredennick (trans.), pp. 181–531 in Aristotle, Volume 1, Loeb Classical Library, William Heinemann, London, UK, 1938.

 * Aristotle, "On the Soul" (De Anima), W.S. Hett (trans.), pp. 1–203 in Aristotle, Volume 8, Loeb Classical Library, William Heinemann, London, UK, 1936.

 * Audi, Robert (ed., 1999), The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1995. 2nd edition, 1999.  Cited as CDP.

 * Beaney, Michael (ed., 1997), The Frege Reader, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK.

 * Baldwin, James Mark (ed., 1901–1905), Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology, 3 volumes in 4, Macmillan, New York, NY.

 * Baylis, Charles A. (1962), "Truth", pp. 321–322 in Dagobert D. Runes (ed.), Dictionary of Philosophy, Littlefield, Adams, and Company, Totowa, NJ.

 * Benjamin, A. Cornelius (1962), "Coherence Theory of Truth", p. 58 in Dagobert D. Runes (ed.), Dictionary of Philosophy, Littlefield, Adams, and Company, Totowa, NJ.

 * Blackburn, Simon, and Simmons, Keith (eds., 1999), Truth, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Includes papers by James, Ramsey, Russell, Tarski, and more recent work.

 * Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan (1987), Truth and Beauty. Aesthetics and Motivations in Science, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.

 * Chang, C.C., and Keisler, H.J., Model Theory, North-Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1973.

 * Chomsky, Noam (1995), The Minimalist Program, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Church, Alonzo (1962a), "Name Relation, or Meaning Relation", p. 204 in Dagobert D. Runes (ed.), Dictionary of Philosophy, Littlefield, Adams, and Company, Totowa, NJ.

 * Church, Alonzo (1962b), "Truth, Semantical", p. 322 in Dagobert D. Runes (ed.), Dictionary of Philosophy, Littlefield, Adams, and Company, Totowa, NJ.

 * Clifford, W.K. (1877), The Ethics of Belief and Other Essays. Reprinted, Prometheus Books, Buffalo, NY, 1999.  Eprint.

 * Dewey, John (1900–1901), Lectures on Ethics 1900–1901, Donald F. Koch (ed.), Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale and Edwardsville, IL.

 * Dewey, John (1932), Theory of the Moral Life, Part 2 of John Dewey and James H. Tufts, Ethics, Henry Holt and Company, New York, NY, 1908. 2nd edition, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1932.  Reprinted, Arnold Isenberg (ed.), Victor Kestenbaum (pref.), Irvingtion Publishers, New York, NY, 1980.

 * Dewey, John (1938), Logic: The Theory of Inquiry (1938),Holt and Company, New York, NY. Reprinted, John Dewey, The Later Works, 1925–1953, Volume 12: 1938, Jo Ann Boydston (ed.), Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale and Edwardsville, IL, 1986.

 * Dummett, Michael (1991), Frege and Other Philosophers, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

 * Dummett, Michael (1993), Origins of Analytical Philosophy, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Ferm, Vergilius (1962), "Consensus Gentium", p. 64 in Runes (1962).

 * Field, Hartry (2001), Truth and the Absence of Fact, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

 * Foucault, Michel (1997), Essential Works of Foucault, 1954–1984, Volume 1, Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth, Paul Rabinow (ed.), Robert Hurley et al. (trans.), The New Press, New York, NY.

 * Gadamer, Hans-Georg (1986), The Idea of the Good in Platonic–Aristotelian Philosophy, P. Christopher Smith (trans.), Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. 1st published, Die Idee des Guten zwischen Plato und Aristoteles, J.C.B. Mohr, Heidelberg, Germany, 1978.

 * Garfield, Jay L., and Kiteley, Murray (1991), Meaning and Truth: The Essential Readings in Modern Semantics, Paragon House, New York, NY.

 * Grover, Dorothy (1992), A Prosentential Theory of Truth, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

 * Haack, Susan (1993), Evidence and Inquiry: Towards Reconstruction in Epistemology, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK.

 * Habermas, Jürgen (1976), "What Is Universal Pragmatics?", 1st published, "Was heißt Universalpragmatik?", Sprachpragmatik und Philosophie, Karl-Otto Apel (ed.), Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main.  Reprinted, pp. 1–68 in Jürgen Habermas, Communication and the Evolution of Society, Thomas McCarthy (trans.), Beacon Press, Boston, MA, 1979.

 * Habermas, Jürgen (1979), Communication and the Evolution of Society, Thomas McCarthy (trans.), Beacon Press, Boston, MA.

 * Habermas, Jürgen (1990), Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action, Christian Lenhardt and Shierry Weber Nicholsen (trans.), Thomas McCarthy (intro.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Habermas, Jürgen (2003), Truth and Justification, Barbara Fultner (trans.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Horwich, Paul, (1988), Truth, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

 * James, William (1904), A World of Pure Experience.

 * James, William (1907), Pragmatism, A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking, Popular Lectures on Philosophy, Longmans, Green, and Company, New York, NY.

 * James, William (1909), The Meaning of Truth, A Sequel to 'Pragmatism', Longmans, Green, and Company, New York, NY.

 * James, William (1912), Essays in Radical Empiricism. Cf. Chapt. 3, "The Thing and it's Relations", pp. 92–122.

 * Kant, Immanuel (1800), Introduction to Logic. Reprinted, Thomas Kingsmill Abbott (trans.), Dennis Sweet (intro.), Barnes and Noble, New York, NY, 2005.

 * Kirkham, Richard L. (1992), Theories of Truth: A Critical Introduction, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Kneale, W., and Kneale, M. (1962), The Development of Logic, Oxford University Press, London, UK, 1962. Reprinted with corrections, 1975.

 * Kreitler, Hans, and Kreitler, Shulamith (1972), Psychology of the Arts, Duke University Press, Durham, NC.

 * Kripke, Saul A. (1975), "An Outline of a Theory of Truth", Journal of Philosophy 72 (1975), 690–716.

 * Kripke, Saul A. (1980), Naming and Necessity, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Le Morvan, Pierre (2004), "Ramsey on Truth and Truth on Ramsey", British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 12 (4) 2004, 705–718, PDF.

 * Lewis, C.I. (1946), An Analysis of Knowledge and Valuation, 'The Paul Carus Lectures, Series 8', Open Court, La Salle, IL.

 * Linsky, Leonard (ed., 1971), Reference and Modality, Oxford University Press, London, UK.

 * Martin, Robert L. (ed., 1984), Recent Essays on Truth and the Liar Paradox, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

 * Moody, Ernest A. (1953), Truth and Consequence in Mediaeval Logic, North-Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1953. Reprinted, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 1976.

 * Nietzsche, Friedrich [1873] (1968). "Uber Wahrheit und Lüge im aussermoralischen Sinn", ("On Truth and Lying in an Extra-moral Sense"), in Jürgen Habermas (ed.), Erkenntnistheoretische Schriften, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt, Germany.

 * Peirce, C.S., Bibliography.

 * Peirce, C.S., Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, vols. 1–6, Charles Hartshorne and Paul Weiss (eds.), vols. 7–8, Arthur W. Burks (ed.), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1931–1935, 1958. Cited as CP vol.para.

 * Peirce, C.S. (1877), "The Fixation of Belief", Popular Science Monthly 12 (1877), 1–15. Reprinted (CP 5.358–387), (CE 3, 242–257), (EP 1, 109–123).  Eprint.

 * Peirce, C.S. (1901), "Truth and Falsity and Error" (in part), pp. 718–720 in J.M. Baldwin (ed.), Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology, vol. 2. Reprinted, CP 5.565–573.

 * Polanyi, Michael (1966), The Tacit Dimension, Doubleday and Company, Garden City, NY.

 * Putnam, Hilary (1981), Reason, Truth, and History, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

 * Quine, W.V. (1956), "Quantifiers and Propositional Attitudes", Journal of Philosophy 53 (1956). Reprinted, pp. 185–196 in Quine (1976), Ways of Paradox.

 * Quine, W.V. (1976), The Ways of Paradox, and Other Essays, 1st edition, 1966. Revised and enlarged edition, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1976.

 * Quine, W.V. (1980 a), From a Logical Point of View, Logico-Philosophical Essays, 2nd edition, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Quine, W.V. (1980 b), "Reference and Modality", pp. 139–159 in Quine (1980 a), From a Logical Point of View.

 * Quine, W.V. (1982), Methods of Logic, 4th edition, Harvard Unversity Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Quine, W.V. (1992), Pursuit of Truth, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990. Revised edition, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1992.

 * Quine, W.V., and Ullian, J.S. (1978), The Web of Belief, Random House, New York, NY, 1970. 2nd edition, Random House, New York, NY, 1978.

 * Rajchman, John, and West, Cornel (ed., 1985), Post-Analytic Philosophy, Columbia University Press, New York, NY.

 * Ramsey, F.P. (1927), "Facts and Propositions", Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 7, 153–170. Reprinted, pp. 34–51 in F.P. Ramsey, Philosophical Papers, David Hugh Mellor (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1990.

 * Ramsey, F.P. (1990), Philosophical Papers, David Hugh Mellor (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

 * Rawls, John (2000), Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, Barbara Herman (ed.), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

 * Rescher, Nicholas (1973), The Coherence Theory of Truth, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

 * Rorty, R. (1979), Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

 * Rorty, Richard (1991), Objectivity, Relativism, and Truth: Philosophical Papers, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

 * Runes, Dagobert D. (ed.), Dictionary of Philosophy, Littlefield, Adams, and Company, Totowa, NJ, 1962.

 * Russell, Bertrand (1912), The Problems of Philosophy, 1st published 1912. Reprinted, Galaxy Book, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1959.  Reprinted, Prometheus Books, Buffalo, NY, 1988.

 * Russell, Bertrand (1913), Theory of Knowledge (The 1913 Manuscript), Elizabeth Ramsden Eames (ed.), Kenneth Blackwell (collab.), George Allen & Unwin, 1984. Reprinted, Routledge, London, UK, 1992.

 * Russell, Bertrand (1918), "The Philosophy of Logical Atomism", The Monist, 1918. Reprinted, pp. 177–281 in Logic and Knowledge: Essays 1901–1950, Robert Charles Marsh (ed.), Unwin Hyman, London, UK, 1956.  Reprinted, pp. 35–155 in The Philosophy of Logical Atomism, David Pears (ed.), Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1985.

 * Russell, Bertrand (1940), An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth, 'The William James Lectures for 1940 Delivered at Harvard University', George Allen & Unwin, 1950. Reprinted, Thomas Baldwin (intro.), Routledge, London, UK, 1992.

 * Russell, Bertrand (1956), Logic and Knowledge: Essays 1901–1950, Robert Charles Marsh (ed.), Unwin Hyman, London, UK, 1956. Reprinted, Routledge, London, UK, 1992.

 * Russell, Bertrand (1985), The Philosophy of Logical Atomism, David Pears (ed.), Open Court, La Salle, IL.

 * Salmon, Nathan, and Soames, Scott (eds., 1988), Propositions and Attitudes, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

 * Smart, Ninian (1969), The Religious Experience of Mankind, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, NY.

 * Tarski, Alfred (1944), "The Semantic Conception of Truth and the Foundations of Semantics", Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 4 (3), 341-376.

 * Tarski, Alfred (1956), Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics: Papers from 1923 to 1938, J.H. Woodger (trans.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1956.  2nd edition, John Corcoran (ed.), Hackett Publishing, Indianapolis, IN, 1983.

 * Wallace, Anthony F.C. (1966), Religion: An Anthropological View, Random House, New York, NY.

 * Williams, Bernard (2002), Truth and Truthfulness: An Essay in Genealogy, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

Reference works

 * Audi, Robert (ed., 1999), The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1995. 2nd edition, 1999.  Cited as CDP.

 * Blackburn, Simon (1996), The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1994. Paperback edition with new Chronology, 1996.  Cited as ODP.

 * Runes, Dagobert D. (ed., 1962), Dictionary of Philosophy, Littlefield, Adams, and Company, Totowa, NJ. Cited as DOP.

 * Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, Second Edition, Unabridged (1950), W.A. Neilson, T.A. Knott, P.W. Carhart (eds.), G. & C. Merriam Company, Springfield, MA. Cited as MWU.

 * Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (1983), Frederick C. Mish (ed.), Merriam–Webster Inc., Springfield, MA. Cited as MWC.

title: User:Jon Awbrey/BIB


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Steve Harrington (2nd nomination)

The result was keep. Tone 15:55, 14 October 2019 (UTC)

Steve Harrington
AfDs for this article:
 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Another fictional character, while in an outstanding series, with zero real world notability.  Onel 5969  TT me 00:56, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Fictional elements-related deletion discussions.  Onel 5969  TT me 00:56, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
 * Delete - There is already a section on characters on the Stranger Things page, with a short blurb on the character. Outside of some fairly irregular circumstances, characters are not notable, even when the works they appear in or the creators controlling them are. ZBM-2 (talk) 10:09, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep The topic was discussed and kept just last month and the nomination fails to address any of the points made so recently. See WP:BEFORE and WP:DELAFD, "''It can be disruptive to repeatedly nominate a page in the hope of getting a different outcome." Andrew D. (talk) 19:12, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep per Andrew D. I see no new argument, and consensus at the last AFD that the article meets the criteria at both WP:SIGCOV and WP:GNG is still accurate.4meter4 (talk) 17:40, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Redirect unless there are more sources. The ones in the article are certainly good building blocks, but they're not enough to hold an entire article. It feels like too much weight is being put on them currently. TTN (talk) 18:09, 29 September 2019 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, North America1000 13:47, 30 September 2019 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
 * Updated to keep below Move to Draft since this is clearly still being worked on.  Then use the aforementioned redirect in its place with the proper Rcat with possibilities pointing to the draft. Deletion is not always the answer.  I'm a little surprised there's a second AfD in just a month...  Improving Wikipedia articles should not be expected to happen quickly...  This is not a job.  -2pou (talk) 19:06, 2 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep No new argument, and clear consensus at the last AFD that the article meets WP:GNG. Wm335td (talk) 19:43, 2 October 2019 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, North America1000 10:00, 7 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep - References already cited in the article show that it meets WP:GNG. No plausible merge/redirect apparent or suggested. Actually, no legitimate WP:DELREASON cited above either - the nearest is the suggestion that this is duplication, but explanation of why it is better covered there rather than in this article. FOARP (talk) 19:32, 7 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep I don't see Notability as an issue here. Three reference articles already listed (Vanity Fair, The Hollywood Reporter, Men's Health) are all specifically about the character himself more than about the show.  He's also discussed in an essay in the book Uncovering Stranger Things: Essays on Eighties Nostalgia, Cynicism and Innocence in the Series, and he also has a whole page of discussion in Netflix Nostalgia: Streaming the Past on Demand which also references Vulture and Buzzfeed articles about him (Buzzfeed is a little weak). Trying to find those, Vulture also has a number of other articles on him:, , even about his hair.  Talking about a fictional character's hair is something I haven't seen since "The Rachel", and it's not just Vulture, People The Wrap and potentially more.   Do I think an article is necessary?  I'm not sure, but the argument for deletion was notability, and that does not hold up. -2pou (talk) 17:46, 9 October 2019 (UTC)


text:
Drawing

Lesson 0: About Drawing
Drawing is arguably one of the most ancient creative acts. Drawings on cave walls date back 32,000 years. Though unprovable, these drawings probably arose from a human will to depict if not record the world and its various forms. These cave drawings are decidedly representational in nature. However, representational drawing is only one of many ways to draw from the world. The artist places these bits of experience on paper, a cave wall or any other substrate. The complexity to which someone can interpret and then produce from experiences of the world are limitless. There is no right way to draw. There is only what the world is and then what one wants to say about it. Drawing is a way of making sense of what we see. It is also a way of communicating. Drawing can be private, to be seen only by one's self. It can also be a method of illustrating a feeling or an idea or an experience to someone else or to an audience.

The act of drawing is often very immediate. It can be a way of taking notes to be revisited or refined into a painting, an architectural blueprint or a sequence to be used in a short film. It is for many the first step to any project.

Drawing is an extreme art that can convey to the viewer a clear idea about the scene and subject (scene is the situation in the drawing and subject is the main part or action of drawing). Drawing requires more flexibility of finger joints and also the palm. An artist with tremendous ideas can have good creative drawings in his account.

In the simplest form, drawing is seeing and replicating this as accurately as possible on some medium. This works because the eye works as a pin-hole camera, capturing the view in the retina plane at the back of the eye. The task of the brain is to put together an understanding of the three-dimensional world and all objects within from the two-dimensional retinal image. If you want to draw the view, you just have to draw what you see, while ignoring what the brain tells and knows about the three-dimensional world, because that knowledge will not work in the two-dimensional drawing.

First, one has to learn to see. This requires some practice, because the brain interprets a lot of things and this makes it harder to see what there actually is. For instance, when you see a face, you categorize it and parts of it a face with eyes, a nose and a mouth. In your mind, you have some simple idea of the basic, symbolic shape of the eye. You can try this by drawing an eye. You probably draw it as a line drawing, with a circle inside an oval, not as a photo-realistic drawing. You possibly draw it like it would be in a face directly looking at you. You might also know how to draw a symbolic eye directly from the side. The problem is that every eye is different and you should be able to draw what you see without your brain telling you what things should look like. You should see and draw what things look like.

There are some exercises that you can try to make your brain ignore what things should look like. It is possible if you draw something that your brain does not know how to categorize, name or symbolize.
 * Draw the wrinkles on some part of your your hand. Do not look at your drawing. Just very slowly follow the lines in your hand and draw the same lines. This is an exercise to make you see the little details, the drawing itself probably is just a bunch of lines and does not need to be accurate.
 * Find a line drawing of some subject that does not have too much detail. Turn it upside down and draw it. Occlude parts of the original drawing so that you do not see the whole picture at any time. While you draw, compare the angles of the lines and the different shapes they make. When you are finished, turn them over and compare. You may be surprised how accurate your copy is.

Lesson 1: Materials Required
Drawing requires few supplies. Pencil(charcoal or ink can be used for shading), clean paper, cloth, eraser.

Pencil :- Pencil is used to make an outline sketch of the subject. Pencil of variant grades are used for different purposes. 2B can be used for sketching, 3B is used for light shading, 4B or 5B are used for dark shading and HB or 1B can be used to create sharp and fine lines.

The H - 6H pencils are harder and leave a lighter line. These will also work well for lightly sketching in your composition. A 2H pencil with a light hand leaves a barely visible mark. This allows you to map everything out without having to go back and erase and construction lines. Working from light to dark will help you avoid erasing and leave you with a more cohesive drawing.

(charcoal and ink can be used for shading) :- It gives much darker impression than a pencil shading.

Clean paper :- Remember to look for the right kind of paper for the medium you are using.

If you are planning to use graphite, then a harder, smooth paper works best (Bristol is a good sturdy paper). Inks require different paper depending on the tool that you use. If you are using a nib tipped pen or a ball point you will need a smooth hard paper (again Bristol is a good choice). If you plan on using just a brush a sized paper will work best. Water color paper is good choice. If you want to use both nib and brush a Hot Press Water Color paper will work well for both tools. Charcoal requires some tooth. Unlike pencils, charcoal has little (in the case of compressed charcoal) to no (vine charcoal) binder so it will not stick as well to a smooth surface. There is a huge array of charcoal/pastel papers to choose from. Finding the kind that you like will take some searching. To begin practicing, a pad of Rough Newsprint will work until you are ready to move on to the nicer (and more expensive) fine art paper.

Cloth :- A cloth wrapped on a finger can be used for broader shading and to smudge lines and curves.

Eraser :- An eraser can be used for lightening any point on a drawing, so as to make it brighter than surrounding part. There are a few different kinds of eraser and it is important to get the proper eraser for the medium. The Pink eraser is the same kind that is found on a standard yellow pencil. They work well for erasing light marks, but be aware that as they age they will harden and leave pink smudges on the paper. The Plastic or White eraser is a good all purpose eraser. It can easily and cleanly remove light and dark marks. It removes both graphite and charcoal. It is flexible and with an a sharp knife or razor blade you can carve the eraser into a delicate point. The Kneaded eraser will work on graphite but works best with charcoal. This self-cleaning eraser will allow you to delicately lighten areas of your drawing. By kneading the putty to a soft consistency you can then press it gently against the surface of your drawing and remove small amounts of material. Erasers easily become a crutch for the novice. It is important to think of the eraser as another drawing tool and not a correction device.

Lesson 2 : Warmup & Sketching
Many people consider sketching to be even more rough and fundamental than drawing. They are essentially the same thing, but perhaps a finished drawing has more validity to be displayed than a sketch. This is arguable.

Sketching a form in nature should begin loosely. Artists often warm up the same way an athlete, a writer or pianist does. They get loose. Get yourself in character. Mood is half of what will sustain a healthy drawing habit. The second thing is an order of operations, like in math. To draw well you need both the emotion but also the skill. Artists have a set of rituals that they perform before beginning any serious study. Drawing is a process like any other and the tradition of drawing has refined certain methods that can be learned and practiced. Over time these methods become second nature. It is surprising how quickly this happens and should not be feared.

Use 2B (or 1B) for sketching.

When sketching, try to sketch whole figures without losing their proportion. That is, if you are drawing a man, try keep the same ratio and position of his body parts. This gets easier in time.

Draw and shade a sphere, cone, cylinder, and cube. These are the main forms which make up the basics of most other 3-dimensional objects. Then try drawing some natural 3-dimensional objects:

(Try to make drawings of some photographs, so that you can improve sketching skill.)

A sketch is the skeleton of a drawing, so try to have a good sketch by practicing more.

Seeing and Practical Tips
It is less important that you make a good drawing than learn to experience and practice a love of using one's eyes. A common way of teaching drawing is to avoid looking at one's paper at all in the beginning. The reward of drawing is not the drawing itself, it is the memory of the experience of seeing the real thing. A true master of drawing is one that practices this integration. Copying is a great way to develop technique. It is also a way of avoiding the more difficult job of being original. Be careful when finding this balance. When in doubt err on the side of observation.

To have your hands flexible, to draw any shape with out using a scale or any other things, do the following exercises:

Draw a long straight line, then try to draw parallel lines of same length. -By doing this repeatedly (both horizontally and vertically) you can draw straight lines easily.

Draw a small circle without releasing pencil from paper, then try to draw concentric circles around it as you did before. -By doing this repeatedly you can draw complicated curves easily.

Try to draw more free hand designs, to improve your sketching skill.

The above exercises can be done on a rough paper with a smooth pencil.

These exercises can be done any time to maintain your finger flexibility.

Proportion
To practice proportion, get a picture you are interested in drawing and draw a grid on it.

Once you have done that, draw the same grid on a blank piece of paper. Cover everything up except for one grid space.

Look at where the eye ends in relationship to where the halfway mark is on the piece from the grid. The right corner of her eye ends at right about the half way mark, the bottom of her eye ends a bit above the mark. Draw that on the grid. Do this for each square until you are finished. The grid will only help with features like the eyes, nose, mouth, eyebrows, hair, and shape of head. The grid does not actually help with anything that does not have an outline. Shading is needed for space without shapes.

Portraiture
-Study how Picasso divided the face into halves. Find a center line for a face in 3/4 view as well as tilted back and down. Avoid drawing heads facing front and looking into the camera. -Try to think of the head as a 3D form and not as a recognizable face. The further you get from being able to recognize them in a crowd the closer you will be to capturing their individual personality.

Shading
-Try covering your paper with a middle tone. Use an eraser to remove the light areas and charcoal to fill in the dark. This play of light and dark is called Chiaroscuro. Your first try may seem to be messy, but just go along the lines, and shade in one direction. Keep practicing!

Exercises

 * Challenge. Create some "cover art" or "poster art" for Wikiversity the Movie.

Resources

 * anatomy for artists
 * material comparisons
 * Andrew Loomis books are freely available on the internet.

Student Gallery
This is a simple exercise for you who want to learn to draw. Draw the tube first, then the body, and at last the clothes.

--Esbjorn 07:51, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Drawing