text:
Talk:16th Street Mall

Dead link

 * http://www.transteq.com/
 * In 16th Street Mall on 2011-05-25 01:55:00, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'
 * In 16th Street Mall on 2011-06-01 19:28:41, Socket Error: 'getaddrinfo failed'

--JeffGBot (talk) 19:29, 1 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 2

 * http://www.downtowndenver.com/Economic/16THStreetPlan.htm
 * In 16th Street Mall on 2011-05-25 01:55:00, 404 Not Found
 * In 16th Street Mall on 2011-06-01 19:29:10, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 19:29, 1 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 3

 * http://<IP_ADDRESS>/~teq/pdfs/EcoMark_Overview.pdf
 * In 16th Street Mall on 2011-05-25 01:55:00, 404 Not Found
 * In 16th Street Mall on 2011-06-01 19:29:14, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 19:29, 1 June 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 1 one external link on 16th Street Mall. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131130232142/http://whiteliger.net/2013/11/11/16th-street-mall/ to http://whiteliger.net/2013/11/11/16th-street-mall/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:55, 1 December 2016 (UTC)

2022-2024 reconstruction
various angles related to the major mall reconstruction could include: leftover financial hardship from earlier COVID shutdown, homeless issues, downtown crime / public safety concerns, business permanently leaving, business compensation during multi-year construction vs. new-business support, narrow walkways compared to once-open areas, sense of security and safety in less-traveled spaces, transition from Mayor Hancock to Mike Johnston administration… Doug Grinbergs (talk) 02:57, 7 August 2023 (UTC)

Question about Impact as an Urban Space
Is there more information on how this space has impacted artists and businesses? Or on how this space is used for tourism? Also, I was a little confused by the section title. Is there another way we could phrase this? Shainaw (talk) 16:13, 4 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:16th Street Mall


text:
Category:Portals under construction

__HIDDENCAT__ Portals under construction are grouped in this category. You can categorize here also pages related to developing portals. To make a new portal, see Make a portal.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Portals under construction


text:
Lamb (surname)

Lamb is a surname, and may refer to
 * Alan Lamb (musician), Australian musician and sculptor
 * Alexander Crawford Lamb, Scottish hotelier and collector
 * Allan Lamb, South African and MCC cricketer
 * Amanda Lamb, British television presenter
 * Andrew Lamb (disambiguation), several people, including
 * Andrew Lamb (bishop) (c. 1565–1634), Scottish bishop
 * Lamb's House, historic house in Leith, Scotland, built by Andrew Lamb
 * Andrew Lamb (cricketer) (born 1978), New Zealand cricketer
 * Andrew Lamb (musician) (born 1958), jazz musician
 * Andrew Lamb (writer) (born 1942), British writer on musical theatre and light music

 * Andy Lamb (Wisconsin politician), American politician
 * Annabel Lamb, British singer-songwriter
 * Anne Richelieu Lamb (1807-1878), Scottish feminist writer
 * Anthony Lamb, botanist
 * Anthony Lamb (basketball) (born 1998), American basketball player
 * Sir Archie Lamb (1921–2021), British ambassador, writer
 * Barry Douglas Lamb, British musician
 * Beatrice Pitney Lamb (1904–1997), American writer and photographer
 * Ben Lamb (actor) (born 1989), English actor
 * Ben Lamb (poker player) (born 1985), American professional poker player
 * Benjamin Lamb, English organist
 * Bobby Lamb (American football) (born 1962), college football coach
 * Bobby Lamb (trombonist) (born 1931), Irish jazz musician
 * Brian Lamb, American television personality, co-founder of C-SPAN
 * Cainon Lamb, American music producer
 * Lady Caroline Lamb (1785–1828), wife of William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne and lover of Lord Byron
 * Caroline Lamb, British accountant and health administrator
 * CeeDee Lamb (born 1999), American football player
 * Charles Lamb (disambiguation), several people
 * Sir Charles Lamb, 2nd Baronet of the Lamb Baronets
 * Charles Lamb (actor) (1900–1989), British actor
 * Charles Lamb (cricketer) (born 1972), English cricketer
 * Charles Lamb (politician) (1891–1965), Canadian politician
 * Charles Lamb (Royal Navy officer) (1914–1981)
 * Charles Lamb (writer) (1775–1834), British essayist
 * Charles Rollinson Lamb (1860–1942), American architect and artist

 * Christina Lamb, British journalist and author
 * Christopher Lamb (journalist), British journalist
 * Chuck Lamb, American television personality
 * Danny Lamb (born 1995), English cricketer
 * Dave Lamb, English actor, presenter, comedian and voice actor
 * Dominick Lamb, birth name of hip-hop producer Nottz
 * Donald Lamb, Canadian airline executive
 * Doron Lamb (born 1992), American basketball player
 * Dorothy Lamb (1887−1967), British archaeologist
 * Dwayne Lamb, Australian rules footballer
 * Edmund Lamb, British Liberal Party politician
 * Edward Lamb, American labor lawyer
 * Elizabeth Lamb, Viscountess Melbourne, wife of Peniston Lamb, 1st Viscount Melbourne
 * Elspeth Lamb (born 1951), Scottish artist
 * Emily Lamb, Countess Cowper, sister to Prime Minister Lord Melbourne
 * Emma Lamb (born 1997), English cricketer
 * Eugene M. Lamb, American politician
 * Euphemia Lamb, artists' model, married to Henry Lamb
 * Floyd Lamb, American politician
 * Francis Lamb, American politician
 * George Lamb, British disc jockey and television presenter
 * Greg Lamb, Zimbabwean cricketer
 * Harold Lamb, American novelist and historical writer
 * Henry Lamb, Australian-born English painter of the Camden Town Group and London Group
 * Horace Lamb, British hydrodynamicist and mathematician
 * Hubert Lamb, British climatologist
 * Jan Lamb, Hong Kong DJ and singer
 * Jake Lamb (born 1990),American baseball player
 * Jeremy Lamb (born 1992), American basketball player
 * Jerry Lamb, Hong Kong actor
 * Joe Lamb (1906–1982), ice hockey forward
 * Joseph Lamb (disambiguation), several people, including
 * Joseph Lamb (composer) (1887–1960), American composer of ragtime music
 * Joseph Lamb (footballer), English football manager
 * Joseph Lamb (politician) (1873–1949), British politician
 * Joseph Fairweather Lamb (1928–2015), Scottish physician

 * Katie Lamb (born 1997), American rock climber
 * Kirsty Lamb (born 1994), Australian rules footballer
 * Larry Lamb (actor), British actor
 * Larry Lamb (newspaper editor), British journalist
 * Lily Lamb, Disney fictional character
 * Marcus Lamb, American television evangelist
 * Mary Lamb, British writer, sister of Charles Lamb
 * Mathew Charles Lamb, Canadian spree killer
 * Michael Lamb (psychologist), Professor of Psychology, Cambridge University
 * Mike Lamb, American baseball player
 * Muriel Lamb (1911 - 2010), New Zealand architect
 * Norman Lamb (born 1957), British politician
 * Norman Lamb (American politician) (1935–2018), American lawyer and politician
 * Lady Pansy Lamb, Anglo-Irish writer and translator
 * Paul Lamb (musician) (born 1955), British blues harmonica player and bandleader
 * Peniston Lamb, 1st Viscount Melbourne
 * Ryan Lamb, English rugby player
 * Robert Lamb (disambiguation), several people, including
 * Robert Lamb (bishop) (1703–1769), English churchman, bishop of Peterborough
 * Robert Lamb (footballer) (born 1955), Australian rules footballer
 * Robert Lamb (martyr), one of the Perth Martyrs
 * Robert A. Lamb (1950–2023), British American virologist
 * Robert E. Lamb (born 1936), U.S. diplomat

 * Sarah Lamb, American ballet dancer
 * Sydney Lamb, American linguist
 * Terry Lamb, Australian rugby league player
 * Thomas Lamb (disambiguation), several people, including
 * Thomas Lamb (industrial designer) (1896–1988), American textile and industrial designer, children's book illustrator
 * Thomas F. Lamb (1922–2015), American politician (Pennsylvania State Senator and State House of Representatives)
 * Thomas W. Lamb (1871–1942), Scottish-born American theater and cinema architect

 * Tim Lamb, British cricket administrator
 * Todd Lamb, Canadian airline executive of Lambair
 * Tom Lamb (artist) (1928–2016), British coal miner and artist
 * Tom Lamb (businessman), Manitoba businessman, founder of Lamb Air
 * Tom Lamb (footballer) (born 1996), Australian rules footballer
 * Tony Lamb (b. 1939), Australian politician
 * Tyler Lamb, Thai-American basketball player
 * Wally Lamb, American author
 * Walt Lamb (1920–1991), American football player
 * Walter Lamb (1882−1961), British classicist
 * William Lamb (disambiguation), several people, including
 * William Lamb, pseudonym of Storm Jameson (1891–1986), English journalist and author
 * William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne (1779–1848), British Prime Minister
 * William Lamb (Confederate States Army officer) (1835–1909)
 * William Lamb (sculptor) (1893–1951), Scottish artist
 * William Lamb alias Paniter (died 1550), Scottish author
 * William F. Lamb (1883–1952), designer of the Empire State Building
 * William Kaye Lamb (1904–1999), Canadian historian

 * Willis Lamb, American physicist (Lamb shift)
 * Winifred Lamb (1894–1963), English archeologist

First name

 * Lamb Lennon Gaede (1992–), American singer (member of White Nationalist band Prussian Blue)

title: Lamb (surname)


text:
Operating computing packages

if you're stuck for a photo, search on flickrCC

ICAU2006A

From the official document:
 * "This unit defines the competency required to identify, select and correctly operate three desktop applications for a range of purposes."

Basically, that means ... (translate above into plain english)

You can read more about this unit on the National Training Information Systems Official document for ICAU2006A.

This unit is a pre-requisite for the following qualifications:
 * Cert IV Websites Qualification in Australia

How this unit will help you
After learning and applying the skills required by this unit you'll be able to demonstrate your skills in:

 * translate the above elements and performance criteria into plain english and summarise here...

Ideas for learning the required skills
...

Ideas for demonstrating this unit
The best way to demonstrate these skills is ...

Grading
If you are demonstrating this unit as part of a formal course, you might find that the unit is graded (meaning you can not only demonstrate your competence, but can also gain a credit or distinction). Your facilitator may already have set criteria that your college uses. If not, here are some ideas for possible credit/distinction activities that you can discuss with your facilitator:

title: Operating computing packages


text:
GENtle/Enter sequence

This dialog to enter a sequence manually can be invoked via File/Enter sequence or Ctrl-N.

Beside the sequence, to be typed or pasted into the large text box, one can enter a title (name) for that sequence, and choose a type.

Types available are: When chosing DNA, amino acids, or primer, all non-sequence characters, like blanks and numbers, are automatically removed.
 * DNA
 * Amino acid sequence
 * GenBank
 * (GenBank) XML
 * Primer
 * Note : A primer has to be given the type "Primer", otherwise it will be added as DNA.

title: GENtle/Enter sequence


text:
Talk:Partial sorting

Using binary heap and breadth-first search
Hi Qwertyus. Nice article but it seems that the algorithm described in section "Data structure-based solutions" which uses binary heap and breadth-first search will not work. As an example I did not manage to find the third minimal element in the following min-heap using this algorithm (it must be 3 but I get 100): Is something wrong in my understanding the algorithm? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mpoleg (talk • contribs) 09:36, 26 October 2012 (UTC)
 * 1
 * 2               100
 * 3     4         200      300
 * 3     4         200      300

 * I didn't write any of this. I just moved the content from Selection algorithm, which was getting too long. Qwertyus (talk) 10:20, 26 October 2012 (UTC)

In the section: Direct application of the linear-time selection algorithm
"The linear-time selection algorithm described above can be used to find the k smallest or the k largest elements in worst-case linear time O(n)." appears to refer to something from another article, but no reference is given. — Preceding unsigned comment added by JamesHirschorn (talk • contribs) 17:50, 4 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Partial sorting


text:
User:MOHAMMED09 AHMED

MOHAMMED AHMED MOHAMMED IS KIND OF A LITTLE BOY WHO IS STARTING HIS WEBPAGE ON YOUTUBE AND WISHES TO BE LIKE OTHER KNOWEN YOUTUBERS (SHANE DAWSON ; SMOSH ; RAY WILLIAM JOHNSON ; NIGAHIGA ETC...)  HE USED TO HAVE A HARD TIME KNOWING WHAT TO BE WHEN HE WAS SMALLER HE HAD REALLY FUNNY SENSE OF HUMOR WHEN HE WAS A SMALLER  ANYWAY HE IS TRYING TO DO HIS BEST THE CHANNEL IS SPLET TO 2 PEOPLE THE SECOND IS (YOUSSIF HE IS MOHAMMED"S LITTLE BRO.HE HELPS MOHAMMED IN HIS VIDS KIND OF A SIDEKICK.HE  IS A MATHMATICL GENIUS BUT NOT A NERD)BUT ANYHOW HE IS SUPPOSED TO BE A REALLY GOOD YOUTUBER IN THE FUTURE (ARTICAL MADE IN 2012)WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/MOHAMMED AHMED

title: User:MOHAMMED09 AHMED


text:
Marshalite

The Marshalite was a form of rotary traffic signal that was designed in 1936 by an Australian Charles Marshall (1864 - Dunedin, New Zealand - 3 April 1953, Mornington, Victoria, Australia), founder of the Fitzroy firm of Charles Marshall Pty. Ltd.

The Marshalite signal consisted of dials facing each street at an intersection, with a rotating hand pointing to coloured sections that denoted whether traffic in either direction should proceed, prepare to stop, or stop, and how much longer that phase had to go. Variations existed for pedestrian crossings, with additional text instructing people to "Walk" or "Don't Walk".

The first experimental model was erected in 1937 at the corner of Gertrude and Brunswick streets, Fitzroy, but was removed when its legality came into question. After 1945, Mashalite signals were installed at a number of locations in metropolitan Melbourne, starting with the intersection of Brunswick and Johnston streets, Fitzroy At the intersection of Whitehorse and Union roads, Surrey Hills, the clock was used in conjunction with conventional traffic lights, so that the point of change was absolute and unambiguous. The last Marshalite to operate was situated on the Nepean Highway.

A similar system was used in The Netherlands, Vienna and West Germany. In Germany it was called "Heuer-Ampel", after the engineer Josef Heuer, and was used in a number of places until 1972, when a change in traffic laws outlawed them. For historic reasons, an unused one is still in place in Bochum.

title: Marshalite


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Pre-school education/Essential toys

Eco-Engineering Education Toys -- pre-pre-school
The following products are meant to serve the often overlooked educational needs of the infant and toddler from hour of birth onward, using natural or discarded materials (Creative Reuse) which are in themselves instructive (such as the grain of wood, made more visible by processes such as sanding and varnishing, or the shape of selected wood pieces).

Everything described here can be made of consumer "waste", left-over hardware, scrap lumber discards and trunk-and-branch deadwood ("landscape waste"), found free right in your neighborhood-- along with providing opportunity to instruct children how no tree has to be killed to get any of the material for their toys.

This seems to me to carry forward the wish of Dr. Shinichi Suzuki, 1898-1998, whose concern was not just to super-train a few elite violin virtuosos but to develop the character, and conscience, of any and every child. Please add further product ideas, and help position this information in the context of a university which serves everyone from age zero up.

'Warning: be sure to exclude lumber that may contain hazards, such as lead paint and lumber for outdoor use that may contain chromated copper arsenate or other wood preservatives. Alternatively, where possible, trim or sand away outer wood and apply a protective glaze of one or more layers of paint, shellac and/or varnish. Add dust from such operation not to compost used for food production (Greenpost) but to compost destined to be transported away for remote area reforestation (Brownpost).'

The Bogie (short for Kraadtzenbogen)
This consists of a short hardwood stick, preferably bowed or warped (save straight sticks to make into a mallet-handle-- or Bogenbong-handle, see below, or other precision product). (Any bogie made for an infant under a year of age should be short enough, maybe 6 inches, to avoid danger of jabbing a eye or other accident.)

 * A. "Classic Bogie" -- up to 10"/25 cm. segment of tree branch, with original bark if intact and durable, except the concave side may be skinned and sanded flat two-thirds of the way up from the narrower end of the stick, and V-shaped notches cut and filed across the flat area every half inch or centimeter.  It will look a little bit like a human finger, except with more notches on the underside.

 * B. "Milled lumber two-track Bogie" (see "Zooky" illustration, below) -- flat bar of hardwood lumber, preferably warped, with angled notches along two of its long edges, one having a notch every inch (slow kratztrack) and the other a notch every centimeter (fast kratztrack). Take care to sand away every possible splinter (see Sanding Systems, below).  Sand "with the grain" on the notched side and "across the grain" on the unnotched side (so that the crossgrain sanding produces microscopic grooves which make surprising tones when this side of the Bogie is kratzed lengthwise across a sharp edge such as the lip of a cat-food can, bottle-bottom or tape-reinforced cardboard box).

 * C. "Wire-braid Bogie" -- with a flat stick shaped right for a Bogie, but with wood that is too soft to make a good loud noise, or hold up under hard kratzing-- drill a series of holes along the stick (except handle-end), through which wires can pass to anchor a wirebraid running down along most of the Bogie on one side.  Kratzing with this wirebraid against various soundscrapes will yield a different kind of noise than a notched-hardwood bogie.  Keep this type of Bogie short enough that there is no chance of the wood breaking.

Place an infant's hand around the Bogie handle, your hand around the infant's hand, and execute some bogenkratzes together-- infant will experience simultaneity of vibration felt in the hand and sound heard by the ears (psychocoordination).

Infant can learn to hold a Bogie firmly by the fat end and "saw" (kratz) it across a Zooky (see below), or crib rails, edges of furniture, chair rungs, cookie tin rims, etc. to produce a loud dramatic noise which varies with pressure and speed of movement. Infant can crawl around the house and try kratzing on hundreds of available soundscrapes, learning the courage of self-expression and also keeping groan-ups informed what he/she is up to. Bogie If the Bogie moves slowly enoughcan will sound like a purring pus, or the infant can master intricate fast rhythms too. lip.

Work relevance: by age three the child will be saw-, rasp- and file-literate and ready for the thrill of serious adult carpentry.

Bogenbong
Named after the retired maestro of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, this is made from a round hardwood stick up to a foot long (such as a discarded drumstick from which the last few inches were broken off), with a hardwood bead on the narrower end to beat against objects such as a wood-slat- or bamboo-strung marimbadera (see below). The Bogenbong handle may be notched like a Bogie to kratz against the metal frame of the marimbadera or other sharp edges.

Plwcky-cwp, Pluck'n'scuff etc.
This could be the first-ever music instrument in a child's life, usable from minutes after birth (with guidance from an adult hand around the infant's hand). Cut the bottom two inches or the top two or three inches from a green plastic beverage bottle forming a little cup or funnel which turns out to have a rim which can be plucked producing a note-worthy sound (no two bottles exactly alike, depending on the diameter and thickness and other factors). This plucking provides training a toddler can get without risking a hundred dollar guitar. An infant can readily learn to kratz the cup rim against a rough surface such as a screen or a concrete floor producing a SCUFFING noise loud enough that parents can know what the kid is doing anywhere in the house-- but a noise less emotionally disturbing than crying.

A handle can be created from a wood piece one end of which is rounded to snugly fit in the mouth of the bottle-funnel, or by scrolling up and taping a rectangular piece of bottle plastic, either a half or whole middle section from a bottle from which the ends were cut to make plwckies (see Type Two, below).

Clwnky and Čźôgў (pronounced "chogy")

'Clwnky: (Type 1) cut the bottom 2 inches from a green plastic beverage bottle (or any bottle, but green is most educational) and screw it to the flat end of a fat wood block or 2"-diameter tree branch segment, 3 or more inches long. This requires drilling a small hole through the exact center of the bottle bottom and another hole into the flat end of the handle against which the cwp will sit.  The cutting can be carefully done with a razor knife and then edited for greater straightness with a scissors.

Type 2 ("Cowbell Clwnky") is made as the plwcky described above with a scrolled flat bottleplastic piece, or by tapering an inch-thick stick down so its narrower end fits tight in the neck of a 3-inch bottle-neck segment from a green plastic beverage bottle. Alternatively, scroll the rectangle formed by the middle part of a bottle (after bottom and top were removed) tightly so it can be stuffed into a bottle-neck, and then some decoratively colored tape used to wrap around the juncture securing the handle and cup together.

The Clwnky can do anything a Plwcky Cwp can do, but additionally, a Čźôgў can be added-- typically a battered old golf ball, with two narrow holes drilled through, to admit loop of 1-mm solid-core color-shielded telephone wire, which runs two-stranded about a foot in length from the Čźôgў to the neck of the Clwnky. For the golf ball you can substitute a reasonably rotund chwnk of hardwood, hardwired or screwstudded for louder music results, a big nut or bolt or a securely wired-together or glued-together assemblage of hardware parts adding up to over an inch in diameter. The wire tether should not be over a foot long, and this toy should be reserved for children over 2, to avoid any chance of a strangulation accident.

It's the classic "swing the ball into the cup" toy, very easy to do but, after all, this is for young learners. A loud "clwnk" is heard when the Čźôgў lands in the cup, after which you can hold it upright and shake it like a Statue of Liberty rattle. Or, if you miss, the Čźôgў makes a hell of a noise hitting the rim of the bottlebottomcwp. You can plwck the cwp, kratz a Bogie across the rim of the cwp and make even a heller of a noise. Or you can rub the mouth of the cwp against a concrete floor for the hellest noise of all.

Music and dance Čźôgў: attach two wire-tethered flyloads to the Clwnky, keep the heavy hardware one in the cwp and let the lighter one (maybe a ball of crwmpled paper with tape wrapped around it) hang down. Shake the Clwnky so that the Musikčźôgў makes a rattly noise in the Cwp while the Dancečźôgў dances around in the air over an outstretcherd "dancefloor" hand which may have wiggling fingertips too.

Zooky

Stradizuki (if it is violin-size) or Stratozuki (if guitar-size) is made to be either fingerplwcked or stroked with a Bogie. Trim and sand a flat hardwood bar, 15-30 inches long, 2 inches wide, 1/2 inch thick. The harder the wood, the louder the tone! Various noisemakers can be attached to this Zookybar-- on one side screw a 2"-deep green plastic beverage bottle-bottom (rim outward for plwcking), maybe a bottom-outward bottle bottom part for kratzing, and a cat food can. On the other side attach a cooky tin or cooky tin lid (use 2 screws) for maximum loudness, or a (somewhat less loud) shallow cardboard box protected against wear by tape reinforcement over the exposed edges which will be vigorously kratzed.

Run braided conduit wire from two holes in the side of the cat food can, slanting to two holes in the wood a few inches down the zookybar, run the two leads through the holes, then braid again up to two holes in the cooky tin. (Kratzing the wirebraid on the cat-food-can side will sound different from the wirebraid on the cooky-tin side.) Or run a straight hard coathanger wire along the bar, secured at one end by passing through holes in the bar and tucked under attached structures at the other. File notches along one or more edges of the zookybar-- a continual rotary stroke with notched Bogie against notched Zookybar edge, or against the slanting braided wire, results in an "endless rattle noise". Add other features ad lib to the extent of your imagination. For guitar-like versions use more different types of flexible plastic containers with outward-pointing rim that can be plwcked on.

Zooky history
This idea appears to have originated in the Madison, Wisc. Suzuki Talent Education program, as shown in a photo in They're Rarely Too Young... and Never Too Old "To Twinkle" by Kay Collier Slone, an instructor who worked there in the 1980's. Say you have a 5-year-old in the Suzuki program, and also a 2-year-old sibling with "violin tendencies" that wants to get her hands on the $100 instrument-- what do you do? Make a cheap sturdy surrogate "violin" as described above, just as personal, but easy to fix if it breaks, and a toddler soon learns to make dozens of different kinds of noise/music on it (think of it as a rhythm instrument, kid can participate in family-together music-making even before age 3 when they are beginning to understand pitch).

Zukiola
Longer zookybar and a bigger soundbox-- maybe the bottom 3 inches of a 5-gallon HDPE recyclable bucket, a cardboard box with all edges sealed by hard (=loud) paper tape, or a bigger cooky tin.

Zookicello
This looks like a painter's easel, except it has a securely mounted long hardwood bar slanting down 4 feet or more to the floor, with tins, cans, boxes, bottle segments etc. attached along the way. Several toddlers can stand side by side kratzing, bonging and plwcking on it all together.

Marimbadera
Weld together a framework of metal bars, with hardwood slats and/or bamboo segments (various lengths and pitches) wire-suspended in the air-space between the top bars. Several Bogenbong maestroes can stand around bonging and kratzing, like a Balinese gamelin.

Ů-flute
Named after the Ůniversity of you-know-what. Buy a recorder-mouthpiece or other cheap breath-activated tone-producer with a male outlet that plugs into the female opening of a foot-length of drilled-out 1-1/4" diameter street-tree branchwood (with good intact bark or bark free, and maybe varnished), with holes drilled along the side not for exact pitch relationships but for visual beauty or based on where the wood is strong enough. (Don't worry about exact pitch differences till age 3.)

Kids' block toys-- best construction and engineering education
There is no limit to sizes or shapes of blocks worth making nor is exact geometry of importance prior to age 3. ("Irregular Blocks Teach Adaptive Engineering.") Cut, shape, manicure, use what you find in field and dumpster--  the main priority is to trim or sand away dirt, pollution and splinters and to round sharp edges and corners.

 * A recent Beckley-Cardy toy catalog offered a set of 500 blocks for $700($1.40 per block), guaranteeing that they are made only of the very best special New England maple and that every block is an exact precise multiple of the length or width of every other.  Forget spending all that money; buy a second-hand table-saw and a 7-1/4" carbide-tipped sawblade (which will last through hundreds of hidden-nail hits) and you can transform editable old scrapwood cutoffs from crates, pallets, construction and demolition leftovers, etc., into clean gorgeous blocks in surprisingly little time.

 * Next to maybe writing symphonies for large orchestra, saw-trimming scrapwood into blockshapes for children is the most intellectually challenging and creative work on the planet.
 * 19th Century educator and writer John Ruskin ("The Stones of Venice") said his childhood collection of blocks were his "constant companions" which taught him proportion and architecture.

 * (Diagrams and pictures of representative products are in preparation to be added to this article. If you have a product idea with picture don't hesitate to add it.)

Sanding system
Many sides and edges will have to be sanded to eliminate all chance of splinters and round all sharp edges and corners. Attach a regular 1725-rpm motor to a table with the shaft pointing out over the table's edge. Onto the shaft, with an arbor/converter which can be obtained for less than $10, attach a 7-inch flapsander disc (the #24-Grit "Tiger-Disc" for $18 from Weiler Abrasives is recommended, and other discs, from Grit #36 up, are often cheaper). This disc will survive tens of thousands of wood sandings.

As you face the sander with the block firmly held in both hands, the disc will be revolving counter-clockwise so that the direction is down on the left side, up on the right. Do all your sanding on the left side of the disc so that the dust flies downward into a sack, box or vacuum contrivance. Protective eyeware and woodman's muzzle (Muzzlewoodmanism) advised.

Instead of just holding the block still while pushing it against the disc, keep the block moving so as to reduce heat-buildup (and clogging)! Movement left and right distributes abrasion heat among different areas of the sandpaper and of the wood. Movement up and down varies the direction of cut. Develop a sequence of movements for sanding all sides and turning edges and corners. Mentally count numbers as needed to keep track of where you are in your system. First sanding of a typical block from totally rough may take two minutes. You can save sanding time by first skinning the sides with a table saw or chop saw, leaving only sharp corners and edges to be sanded.

When rounding an end-edge, sand away from the sidegrain into the endgrain so you won't rip anything off (such as the bark on rustic stick pieces).

* ''Sanding blocks is analogous to conducting that symphony which someone else (maybe you earlier) wrote! It brings out the glorious artistry of the Artist (tree), and will help you develop a systematic mind and sense of rhythm so that you are more effective demonstrating a Zooky (to children or adults who haven't seen one before).''

* (Further learning bonus: the sander is a relatively safe machine for relatively young children to use, making blocks for relatively younger children. Consult experts on how to set up a workspace in which some children can participate safely.)

Two layers of varnish might be advisable for some softwoods which soil or stain easily-- and can also make some pines, etc., more dramatic by bringing out the color contrast between rings. The boringest softwood pieces can be painted: first a coat of paint, then let dry; resand; second coat may be varnish).

An option with hardwood blocks is to resand with a higher grit (and slower wheel speed, which may require belt and pulley): Grit #36, #50, #60, #80, #100 etc.

* The crossgrain thus revealed, detailed view of many years of treegrowth, is the #1 most educational view seen anywhere on the planet; might not need to be varnished.

For more tips on sanding, please seeWikibooks:Carpentry?Power Tools/Sanders.

Block toy specialties
Cut any size and shape of block (unless there is enough stick or lumber length for a Bogie, mallethandle or walkstick), but here are some especially important types you can aim for:

Towerbauerfingerblocken
From board cut-offs and other left-over milled lumber, cut slender blocks any length, but if in doubt cut 5"-- this size can serve as track ties for the Abstrak 2 Cardboard Railway and for tall surprisingly stable World Babble Bubble Towers. It does not matter if the blocks are a little thicker or wider at one end than the other!  Children building towers learn to compensate so that if the tower is too high on one side, thicker blocks are added next further up on the other side.  ("Irregular Blocks Teach Adaptive Engineering.")

The tower is built up Jew-Star fashion, i.e. hexagonal with three blocks on each level interlocking with the three blocks of the previous level. Looking down on an tower in progress you see something like a multiple star of David. Lay out bigger blocks at the bottom and reduce size (down to about five inch blocks) on the way up making it look from the side a bit like the Eiffel Tower. Unlike a square system, easily pushed in any of four directions, this is surprisingly stable and will not fall down easily no matter how high you build it if the logs are laid astutely. (This idea was allegedly invented in 1999 in Jewtown, the former Chicago Maxwell Street neighborhood.) At a height of 4 feet or so-- or as high as a 2-year-old standing on a Stookle can still safely add blocks to it-- an 8" World Babble Bubble Ball (see below) is placed atop the tower and breathtaking photos made.

Linkin' Loglets
(No affiliation with manufacturer of a killedtree commercial product of similar name, let 'em sue me.) Cut tree-branch sticks various lengths 10" or shorter, with the bark still on if it is in good condition, flatten and sand smooth the ends, round edges splinterfree, and produce cut-a-way flat notches near each end like in the pictures of log cabins in history books.  Can also be used to build rustic World Babble Bubble Towers (see below), for which 5 inches is a good typical length for most of the sticks, producing an upper tower diameter of about 8 inches.  Children familiar with this genre of blocks will understand later how to build useful things such as a modern Compost Bin on a Pallet.

Eggspflat
Cut out any 2" x 3", 3" x 4-1/2", 4" x 6" etc. area of 1/2" or 3/4" board which has a large central "defect" (i.e. messy knot/ornament) into an egg-shape, and sand very smooth and regular (may take up to 5 minutes). Something durable and permanent to hide in the garden each Eastertide instead of hens' eggs.

Diamond
Trim any "ornamented" piece of flat board that is just slightly too small to make an Eggspflat (i.e. smaller than 2" x 3"/5-cm x 8-cm) into a rhomboid shape; bevel and sand all edges agressively but, in this one case, leave resulting edges and corners unrounded! Aim for perfect shape lines against which the "blemish" in the flatwood will present a poignant irony.

Plywood ravioli
Use any small cutoff pieces of 1/2"-3/4" plywood, even filthy old ones. Cut squares up to about 2 inches (5 cm) wide, saw-beveling all edges (up to a 3/8"/1 cm.-wide slanted area) and sanding the two flat sides to produce a relatively clean beauty block. (With old, possibly weak plywood, cut square only, but if you can slant-cut to a rhomboid shape without the thing breaking apart, go for the rhomboid Diamond shape which is even more special.)

Varnish is advisable, especially with old weak wood or if suspected of being treated with who knows what chemicals.

By drilling two wire-holes near the center of each piece you can wire three or four relatively small Raviolies (less than 1-1/2"/4 cm wide) together to make a golfballsize Japanese Lantern Čźôgў (see above). Countersink (45-degree bladed drill bit) the openings of the holes to eliminate splintering.

Picasso (named after Chicago statue)
When in the course of boardcutoffing you find a well-formed, round, eye-like knot or knothole, cut a wedge-shaped piece 3-8" long with the knot well centered in the wide end (Ono Picasso). A woodpiece with the eye at the edge of the wider end is also worth saving, and making into an Uh Oh Picasso.  Sometimes there are two knots close together; center them well and make a Guernica Picasso.  (Each single-eye piece is a Sinatra Picasso.)  You can drill two holes (like nostrils) in the nose or narrow end of the Picasso and wirebraid a key, small pencil or other important doodad onto the piece after whatever sanding or varnish has been done.

If the available woodpiece is too short to make a Picasso, settle for a Diamond.

Miró Picasso (named partly after the "other" Chicago statue)
If there are two or more small irregular knots in the wood, cut a wide wedge-shape with the ornamentation mostly in the wide end. The Miró can be used like a Picasso, as a Bettybird-deck, or as part of a Watergropius.

Hens'-Eggs-Size-Blox
From boring undistinguished softwood 2x2's cut 1-1/2" x 1-1/2" x 2" blocks, paint with primer, then let children put on a colorful coat or drawing, followed by varnish. Use at Eastertide instead of real hen's eggs (along with Eggspflat, above).

Easter game
Hide Hens'-Eggs-Size-Blox (children get one point for each), Eggspflats (2 points), Diamonds (3 points) and Picassoes (4 points) around the White House (or your house) lawn.

Also erect a signboard listing prices: Hens'-Eggs-Size-Blox 38¢, Eggspflats $38.00, Diamonds $38,000.00, and Picassoes $38,000,000.00. This will help teach the children mathematics and voodoo economics.

World Babble Bubble Ball
This is up to the size of a regulation (expensive) soccer ball (5-8"), only instead of being purchased for big bucks from a sporting goods store, it is made out of you don't want to know what. (Well, actually it exemplifies Adaptive Reuse instead of Recycling.)

Instead of recycling old crinkly plastic water bottles (for lousy prices), cut up to four of them down to 6 inches long (save topfunnel to make a Plwcky Cwp), crumple, tape or tie them together into a sort of nucleus. Cut long strips of cardboard and wrap those around the ball, mainly in concave areas making the ball rounder, taping the ends of the strips down. Wrap around and tape down long rolls of scrolled-up newspaper with lots of soft puffy stuff rolled inside, then wrap with lots of lousy old tape you want to use up, pushing and beating with the butt of your hand on any part that sticks out, until it is roughly spherical (don't worry about perfectly, the Perfect is the Enemy of the Good). Glue on beautiful sections of old maps or other illustrated paper, or apply colored tape in interesting geometric patterns. Then 100% weatherproof it with many rounds of relatively good 2" or 3" clear packaging tape (art decoration will show through pretty well), so if the kid leaves it out in the rain it won't weigh a ton.

If it turns out rather too heavy for a kickball, place it on top of a World Babble Bubble Blocktower. If light enough it can be used for volleyball or strung to a pole to use as a tetherball.

4-inch Unofficial Batball
This can be made by scrolling up a strip, 4-6 feet long depending on thickness, of that waxed brown cardboard some fruit cartons are made of (not accepted for recycling because of the wax). Cut the strip 4 inches wide at one end and soon begin to narrow down, then start wrapping tight from the wide end until you have something close to a spheroid. Wrap tired old tape around until reasonably firm and solid, then color tape or glued-on paper with color or patterns, then enough layers of 2-inch clear plastic tape until weatherproofed.

Intended for anything a regular softball can do including hit with a bat. An infant or toddler might have several balls of different colors, shapes, sizes (perfectly spheroid not essential) on down to tennis ball size.

Slæbacus
Study pictures of old abacuses, then cut five slabs of wood, maybe 3/4" x 2", drill and countersink a matched series of holes up to 2" apart along each of the vertical (?) slabs, and sand away all splinterdom before carefully securing them together with nails, screws or whatever.  The holes should be just the right size to tightly grip grey telephone cable, the kind with 4-8 little wires inside.  Thread the cable through all holes with 4 and 1 or 5 and 2 beads suspended inside the space of the frame-- this may take 10 to 15 feet of cable.  The holes of the beads should also be tight enough that they slide along the cable only when pushed, so that the user will have the option to hold the thing with the cable segments lined up vertically like with real Arabic number columns in modern math, without the beads sliding down unexpectedly.

The beads can be about an inch thick, round or square to taste, or painted various colors.

Æbstræk Cardboard Glideways, or Æbstræk 2
Railway toys are important for the development of a young mind, as concerns comprehending the ABC LAW-- Actions Beget Consequences. If you push a lead car or Locomotive along, one or more other cars tied or wired to it will follow.

Cut 5-inch wide slabs of cardboard of any length and score and fold so that there is a 2"-wide space in the middle with a 1/2" high curb on either side. Punch holes in the cardboard and use little 1-mm. colored telephone wires to tie these curbs in position and also tie the structure in turn to 5" small sticks (for each piece of track, two crossties and four wires). Cut short wedge-shaped pieces for turns.  Create hills, valleys, bridges etc. by wiring cardboard on and over the top of various blocks, boxes etc.  Tape down edges or corners that a moving blocktrain could snag on.  This is a DIY simple primitive version of the popular but expensive and fragile HO and O gauge train layouts made from parts sold in stores.

Make trains out of blocks 1-1/2" - 1-3/4" wide and up to 5 inches long, with little boxes and/or other stuff wired on top of them. Drill wide holes on top to insert Painted Little People (dowel dolls)from a commercial toy set if you have those. Drill little holes at the ends of the bottom blocks to wire-link cars together so that when the locomotive car is manually pushed along the track, other, usually lighter cars follow (ABC). Round or bevel the front end of each block so that in movement forward they don't snag on some joint in the cardboard track.

Æbstræk 4
Line up kids' other toys-- blocks, block towers, block houses, log cabins etc. 4 inches apart to form streets on the carpet. Make trains 3" wide to push manually along the streets.

A nifty locomotive can be made by cutting off the top 3-4 inches of a cleaned-out gallon anti-freeze jug (some are bright yellow, green, etc.). Wash thoroughly to remove alleged toxins and avoid $3,000,000.00 lawsuit. Cut an oval-shaped piece of board to fit snug inside the open (bottom) end of the jugtop and secure safely with screws, nails, staples or whatever. You can stuff something inside the open mouth of the jug on top to make it look even more like a real traditional old locomotive. Use wires to attach other reasonably heavy cars behind with baroque loads on top.

 * Aside from maybe the bicycle, the railroad train is the most magnificent technocratic art triumph and education toy of the last two centuries.

 * Since the early 1800's musicians have eagerly soaked up the railroad sound and sense of movement into their art, including the great composers who were already creating a "tracked" variety of music, i.e. the audio-visual system of manuscript score + live or recorded performance. Consider introducing your toddler to a great modern railroad symphony such as Dvořák's No. 9 op. 95 (1892, possibly named after a long forgotten locomotive with the nickname "New World" painted on it), or Nielsen's No. 5 op. 50 (especially the finale) (1921-22), and borrow a score from the library so your toddler can learn to "follow the tracks" and read along with the music (at first you guide the child's finger left to right along the page).  This practice makes it amazingly easy later on, say by age 3, to learn to read words and sentences.  For more discussion of score-reading and how it educates the inventive ability, see Preschool Project.

Claxwell
From almost a foot-length of well-sanded 2 x 4, by adding notched wheels on either side make a car less than 3-1/2" wide that can be pushed along on the carpet (or in the channels created for Abstrak 4). Mounted along each side is a tongue-depressor stick (or any flat length of wood or plastic) that stretches from the front to rear wheel on that side, and by sticking into the notches on each wheel makes a complex clacking noise when the car is pushed and the wheels turn.  On top of the 2x4 drill wide holes with a speedbor into which Painted Little People (dowel dolls) can be inserted.(An illustration is in preparation and will be added when this writer gets scanner-literate.)

The Claxwell is named after that old car owned by Jack Benny and Rochester-- right, the Maxwell-- and it was invented on Maxwell Street during the 90's before the University of You-Know-What gobbled up ("gentrified") the neighborhood.

Crooked Croquet a.k.a. Cardboard Croquet
l. The croquet mallet handles can be made from strong straight sticks of any length from 10 to 40 inches. For the sake of appropriate mirth the tallest family member will use the shortest mallet and the shortest family member the longest. The mallet heads can be segments of tree branch, 2 - 2-1/2" wide and 4 - 5" long. If the head has interesting bark on it, so much the better. To the mallets as to all other equipment the golden rule of childhood learning applies: no two alike.

2. The croquet balls can be made by winding strips of nonrecyclable waxed cardboard (used to ship fruit), starting 4" wide and getting narrower, into a tight spheroid, then wrapping with ugly old tape, beating and banging down places that stick out.  When fairly round (the Perfect is the enemy of the Good), apply colored tape, or glue on interesting paper, then wrap with lots of good clear 2" packaging tape for weatherproofing.

3. This game can be played with variant rules, whereby the object is to hit your ball into an 11" x 5-1/2" x 1-1/2" G. O. D. (giant outdoor domino), plywood playing card, 4 x 4 x 4 dice cube (can be made from a block pallet block), same size scrabble cube, giant scrabble block, or giant outdoor chesspiece (all made from landscape waste or pieces of scrap lumber).  If you hit your ball into a domino, you can place the domino in a formation with other domines and claim corresponding points.  If you hit a dice cube, claim the points on top and throw the die somewhere else across the lawn.  If you hit a scrabble, lay it with other scrabbles to form a word.  If you hit a chess piece, carry it over to an eight-foot chessboard (painted on the driveway, or made from two handy 4' x 8' foot rolls of dyed carpet laid out side by side on the lawn).

4. From playing these games a child might logically graduate into the carpentry class and learn to make outdoor education toys for younger children.

G.O.D.-- Giant Outdoor Dominoes
From a set of 11" x 5-1/2" x 1-1/2" giant outdoor dominoes a Standing Stonehenge of Stone-Age Dominoes (apologies to Paul, they're made of wood) can be constructed. Stand the dominoes upright in a wide circle.  While cameras roll, an exquisitely dressed 2-year-old armed with a bogie steps toward the circle and knocks one of the dominoes over.  All the grownups go ooh and aah and clap and cheer and shout the number of the first-knocked-over domino which will be visible for a few seconds until the rest of the dominoes have fallen.  This will teach the selected blessed damozel 2-year-old a bit of math and physics and promote high self-esteem.

Čescago-- Megačes-- Česex
Make large-size outdoor chesspieces out of segments of tree-trunk (up to 9"-diameter checkers which serve as the pedestal), with the bark still on it to serve as the black pieces; or blocks of milled, sanded dimension-lumber and plywood (white pieces). The ČESCAGO system shown in the adjoining diagram uses size, shape and arms which stick out at various places to distinguish the different pieces.

Paint a big chessboard on an 8' or wider driveway, or checkerdye two 4' x 8' slabs of carpet which can be laid side-by-side on the lawn. The pieces in the adjoining diagram range from 7" high pawns to 13" high kings; sets of plastic Staunton Design pieces in that size range set for hundreds of dollars in internet, you can save big bucks making your own using the formula shown here.

 * Lawn Chess Ceremony: committees of 6-year-olds function as Chessgenerals, huddling and deciding on the moves, issuing an instruction such as, "Vanna, would you please move our pawn to QB4 (c4)?" Then an exquisitely dressed 2-year-old Chesshostess-- Vanna McWhiteknight or Betty McBlackbishop-- steps forward, picks up the indicated piece, and places it on the correct square.  All elderpersons present applaud like on a real tv show, and the preschooler is rewarded with high self-esteem and encouragement toward a career in math or engineering.  Some bureaucrat writes up the score (list of completed moves in two columns) on a signboard and all participants develop chess literacy, a step toward learning other more complex languages later.Treedesigner

Active participants
Active participants in this Learning Group

title: Pre-school education/Essential toys


text:
manico

Etymology
, derived from.

Noun

 * 1) handle
 * 2) shaft
 * 3) neck (of a violin etc.)

Etymology
Probably ultimately from.

Verb

 * 1)  to come in the morning; rise and set out in the morning

Descendants

 * Balkan Romance:

title: manico


text:
Nath Í of Achonry

Nath Í, or Crumnathy, (fl. 6th century) was an early Irish saint who was remembered as the founder of Achonry.

He is said to have been born in the barony of Leyney, in present-day County Sligo. In the 17th century, John Colgan compiled a Latin Life of Cormac, published in the Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae series, which relates that Cormac left his native Munster for Connacht and arrived in the area of Leyney. When Niall, the brother of the local chieftain Diarmait, begged him for a blessing, Cormac revealed that he was to have a son by the name of Conamel, whose descendants would include a number of illustrious saints, such as Náth Í "the priest". In the Martyrology of Donegal (9 August), he is described as the priest (cruimthir) Nath Í of Achad Cain Conairi.

He is said to have studied under Finnián of Clonard. On the instructions of his mentor, he founded a monastery in Achad Cain or Achad Conaire (Achonry) in the district of the Luigne, the land having been granted to him by Cennfáelad, king of Luigne. The foundation gave its name to what in the 12th century would become the diocese of Achonry. Féchín of Fore is said to have studied under him.

The Book of Lismore (fo. 43v) contains a short Irish anecdote relating what happened when Nath Í, called Dathi the Priest, was once visited by Columba, Comgall and Cainnech after the monastic community had finished their meals.

He was buried in Achad Cain and his festival is 9 August. He is the patron saint of the Irish diocese of Achonry whose cathedral is The Cathedral Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Nathy.

title: Nath Í of Achonry


text:
blaffen

Etymology 1
.

Verb

 * 1)  to bark, like a canine and certain others species
 * 2)  to shout rudely etc.
 * 3)  to grumble, notably said of a hungry stomach
 * 4)  to utter pointless sounds, e.g. protest or argue in vain

Etymology
Ultimately. Attested 15th century in the sense “to wail with pain”, compare also 🇨🇬. The sense “to bark” is more northern, possibly borrowed from (1350), whence also obsolete 🇨🇬. Compare,.

Verb

 * 1) to bark briefly
 * 2) to speak or shout in an aggressive, rude manner

title: blaffen


text:
Talk:Alchemy

dict.org entries for 'alchemy'
2 definitions found for alchemy

 * You are an amusing fellow. I hope you will add your definitions to the 'Alchemy'page and

hope you do not require dictionary defintions to smile :-) Lobster 05:56, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

I sincerely hope you will add some of your defining ideas to the alchemy page

It would be a delight to correct them

Many thanks for your suggestions and comments Lobster 05:56, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) :

Alchemy \Al"che*my\, n. [OF. alkemie, arquemie, F. alchimie, Ar.    al-k[=i]m[=i]a, fr. late Gr. ?, for ?, a mingling, infusion,     ? juice, liquid, especially as extracted from plants, fr. ?     to pour; for chemistry was originally the art of extracting     the juices from plants for medicinal purposes. Cf. Sp.     alquimia, It. alchimia. Gr. ? is prob. akin to L. fundere to     pour, Goth. guitan, AS. ge['o]tan, to pour, and so to E.     fuse. See Fuse, and cf. Chemistry.]     1. An imaginary art which aimed to transmute the baser metals        into gold, to find the panacea, or universal remedy for        diseases, etc. It led the way to modern chemistry.     2. A mixed metal composed mainly of brass, formerly used for        various utensils; hence, a trumpet. [Obs.]              Put to their mouths the sounding alchemy. --Milton.     3. Miraculous power of transmuting something common into something precious. Kissing with golden face the meadows green, Gilding pale streams with heavenly alchemy. --Shak.

From WordNet (r) 2.0 :

alchemy n 1: a pseudoscientific forerunner of chemistry in medieval times 2: the way two individuals relate to each other; "their         chemistry was wrong from the beginning -- they hated each          other"; "a mysterious alchemy brought them together" [syn: chemistry, interpersonal chemistry]

You will note that all but two definitions (Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) - definition 3; WordNet (r) 2.0, definition 2) relate solely to metallurgy. The other two use the term as a literary device in a metaphorical sense.

Please fully cite your sources that contradict these definitions.

Perhaps you would be good enough to find these and add them to the page?

If you are unable to then I must conclude that Alchemy is little more than you suggest

Perhaps anywhere other than reference material might be a start Lobster 05:56, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

--Eibwen 05:09, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Structure and goals
''1. An imaginary art which ... led the way to modern chemistry.''

*snerk* Interesting how something they claim is imaginary could lead the way to anything.

I was delighted to see there was a book on alchemy, but I do think the structure and organization as suggested in the TOC needs some serious work. I'll see if I have time to think about it this weekend. (That's beyond the header levels, which are messed up right now -- everything under "Relationship to Chemistry and Physics", for instance. Unfortunately, it's five to midnight and I'll be lucky if I finish this comment coherently, much less trying to fix the headers.)

However, before the structure can be finalized, I think some of the book's basic goals need to be clarified. What is the purpose of this text--what is it intended to teach, and why? Who are the audience, what do they already know about the topic, and what do they want to learn? What should they have gained after reading it that they didn't have when they started, and how are they going to use that information?-Bedawyn

 * It is intended to teach what it becomes - I hope that makes some sense. What people gain whether in construction or in reading is dependent on intent. I suppose the question will be answered during the construction. Lobster 17:41, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

It seems from your mention of "operative alchemy" that you're aiming for a practical text, but the actual organization of the TOC seems only partly practical, partly theoretical, historical, and cultural. I actually think the latter would work better, if only because there's a much larger audience for an introduction to the ideas of alchemy than for an introduction to the practice of alchemy. Maybe a book focusing more on the practice would be suitable for a followup, if there's enough public domain sources to work with. (I suspect there are... I know I've seen at least a few of the old occult texts at Internet repositories, and it might be interesting to seek out and maybe interview some of the modern practitioners.) -Bedawyn

 * most occultist practice befuddlement - first of themself and then others ;-) However you are more than welcome to structure and arrange in way you like Lobster 17:41, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Accuracy dispute
Eibwen, can you specify exactly what part of the module you are disputing? The few specific paragraphs need some work for citations and NPOV, but overall, there's not a lot there yet to dispute. If you'll point out what you think is inaccurate, I'll know what to start working with first.

If I've read the previous discussion correctly (which I may very well not have -- the formatting makes it difficult to know who's saying what), it sounds like you're disputing the idea that alchemy includes anything other than turning lead into gold. I don't really think that idea needs any citation, since it's pretty basic to the field. Citations for specific elaborations of the idea will be added as the content is written, but for now there's not much here but an outline.--Bedawyn 17:21, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I commiserate that this page is particularly difficult to follow, particularly since Lobster interjected commentary into what I wrote, often without organization or appending a signature. Your assesment however is largely correct.  I concur with the Wikipedia Entry, however I would prefer to see citations for such claims as "Alchemical relaxation".  Additionally, the denotations were taken largely out of context.  I grant that this is a work in progress, but in its current form, even its scope itself is a contradiction:

This is an exercise in operative alchemy. ... Speculative alchemy is what you are reading.

 * It is presumed that both are exclusive, yet neither is defined. Hopefully with further revisions, the page will improve dramatically.

 * --Eibwen 19:19, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

TOC Reorganization
Okay, here's a possible second draft for the structure. I've fixed the header heirarchy, added a few sections, and rearranged a few others. I haven't deleted any, although I think a few of them should be deleted. Proponents and Achievements, for instance, are obviously very important types of information, but I do think they're types of information rather than topics on their own. I'd suggest deleting them as sections and instead incorporating the material into the relevant history or science sections. Newton, for instance, would go under the Western section. I didn't know what you were thinking of doing with Media and Language, so I didn't try putting them anywhere. The "As Above, So Below" concept needs to be included, but I wasn't sure whether to give it a section of its own or to thread it in throughout the History/Significance and Theory sections. Maybe a subsection within Theory? Except my own feeling is that it's important enough it needs to be introduced sooner. Maybe mentioned in passing in the introduction and/or the relevant history portions, and described fully as a subsection under Theory?--Bedawyn 23:41, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * All your ideas are fine with me - I like the idea of the planets and suggest adding the twelve types of Man Lobster 17:43, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I'll have to leave that to you, as I'm not sure what they are. Unless you mean the Zodiac? I've actually never studied alchemy per se, just picked up bits of it as it overlaps other areas I was studying (although there is quite a bit of overlap). This book will be a good excuse for me to finally start studying it!--Bedawyn 19:15, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

First of all my apologies for not using my signature properly - still learning. The 12 types of Man (the use of the word Man is similar to the use of Sir to denote seniority when applied to women - and is a referral to a time of greater ignorance regarding the potential of women) So it might be more politically correct to use some other term. Alchemy is not a time or fashion centered study however. If you are interested in developing this part of the book then I suggest splitting the 12 types into the 4 elements. Then think of it is a system of balancing. If you do it in this way a horoscope becomes a quite profound form of psychological profiling (forget the stars for now). <IP_ADDRESS> 01:06, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Excelent re organisation - the work needs to be fleshed out to make 'Adam Kadmon' the primal man come to life Lobster 08:46, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Appropriate Bookshelf
What on earth is this doing in the science section? There's no possible explanation for that. I personally don't see the utility of this "textbook" at all, but if people want to write it on Wikibooks that's fine as long as it's not in the science section. And for those who suggest that alchemy being a precedent to chemistry makes it a science, religion and witchcraft and magic etc. played a similar role, but I think you'll agree there should not be a science textbook on religion, witchcraft or magic (if you disagree, you're even more strangely deluded than I thought). --<IP_ADDRESS> 22:03, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * So, the ptoblem with this matter is the classification in the Science section. It is not, in the frame of modern definition of scientific methodology. But it is an old and comprehensive body of knowledge, a very interesting expression of human colective psyche, as it used to express when mankind was not so tied to matter and to causal thought to had become unable to feel the flow of energy among living beings and other things.
 * Alchemy is a major basis of C.G.Jung's work. See his Psychology and alchemy, Mysterium conjuncionis, etc. Deleting this book is medieval censorship. --Ligia 02:32, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Alchemical principles are used in wiki creation, scientific method, medicine preparation, architecture, art and gastronomy. It has long engaged at the highest level of human endeavour whilst the unintiated say Gu? - just like when we first showed them metal as superior to flint Lobster 17:07, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

For some reason this is under "Chemistry" in the Natural Sciences section of Wikibooks. Surely, we can think of a better category?

 * The Alchemy book has been removed from the chemistry bookshelf and placed on the miscellaneous bookshelf. Perhaps if texts on astrology, witchcraft, karma, and the like are written, it can get a more conspicuous position on a such a new-age/mysticism bookshelf. Zolot

Neo Alchemy
Alchemy is not a static science and it is borne in fire and flaming - in the furnace. I wish everyone success in cooking up the magic of a book. It may end in flames. It may result in a great future. Lobster 08:49, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I'm sorry, but this is a pretty general book. There's a fine line between sciences and new age hippies' books.

title: Talk:Alchemy


text:
User:Jwatson22/sandbox

I will be creating the page for the topic of Trauma- Related Physical Symptoms and Illnesses. I plan to review any meta-analyses conducted that examine the health outcomes of individuals who have experienced trauma. I believe it would be useful to comment on which physical symptoms or illnesses are more likely to manifest in someone who has experienced trauma. Further, I am interested in the role of resilience in this context, and how it may influence health outcomes.

title: User:Jwatson22/sandbox


text:
Wiktionary:Votes/2007-11/Lemma entries 2

Lemma entries
Wiktionary:Entry layout explained does not yet distinguish between the full format typically used for main entries and an abbreviated format typically used for secondary entries. This vote seeks to describe which entries should ordinarily be considered secondary entries and what details they should ordinarily exclude. If approved, the following text will be added to in WT:ELE:
 * Voting on: Noting main and secondary entry differences in WT:ELE.
 * ===Main entries===
 * For English entries, the main entry is usually that of the lemma form: the singular form for most nouns, the bare infinitive form for most verbs, and the positive form for most adjectives:
 * Main entries: word:, talk:, easy:
 * Secondary entries: words:, talks:, talking:, talked:, easier:, easiest:
 * Some kinds of words may have an alternate main form or may need to be handled differently (perhaps having more than one “main form”, for example). This includes forms with unique senses, pronouns, defective verbs, and in some cases, words in other inflected languages.  Other kinds of words may have only one form, including prepositions and words from non-inflected languages.
 * Main entries: glasses:, they:, may:, μιλώ:, to:, 詞:
 * When the situation is unclear, editors are advised to use their best judgment on a case-by-case basis.

The first paragraph of the "Inflections" section will be changed to this:
 * The term of the entry is given in boldface type in the line following the "Part of speech" header. Key grammatical properties follow on the same line (e.g. gender, case, and number).  For main entries with other forms, a few key forms are given in parentheses.  For secondary entries, the only inflections shown in the inflection line are the headword itself and the lemma.  See.

The following will be appended to the paragraph in the "Definitions" section:
 * For secondary entries, only a brief gloss definition for the primary sense should ordinarily be given, along with a prominent link to the main entry. E.g. on words::
 * Units of language.
 * This example sentence has six words.
 * Common English translation of a quote from Pindar,
 * Words have a longer life than deeds.
 * Words have a longer life than deeds.

The following sentence will be added to the first paragraph of the sections "Synonyms", "Further semantic relations", and "Translations":
 * This section is usually only given in full for main entries. For secondary entries, a link to the main entry is usually preferable.

 * Vote ends: 2008 January 9 23:59 UTC
 * Vote started: 2007 December 9 23:59 UTC

 * Vote created: Rod (A. Smith) 01:34, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Discussion:
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Wiktionary talk:Translations/Noting lemma forms in WT:ELE
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Wiktionary talk:Translations/Translation into lemma only
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Wiktionary talk:Votes/2007-10/Translation into lemma only
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Votes/2007-10/Lemma entries

Decision

 * This vote can be considered withdrawn. --Dan Polansky 05:50, 21 October 2010 (UTC)


text:
Seventh Key

Seventh Key is an American rock band formed by Mike Slamer of City Boy and Streets and Billy Greer of Streets and Kansas. They record and perform live during Greer's downtime from Kansas.

The current lineup consists of Greer on bass and lead vocals, Slamer on guitar, bass, keyboards and drums (under the pseudonym "Chet Wynd"), Pat McDonald on drums, David Manion on keyboard, and Terry Brock on guitar and backing vocals. Jamie Thompson (2004) previously played drums, as well as guest appearances by Robby Steinhardt of Kansas on the violin (2005) and Johnny Greer on the mandolin (2005).

Studio albums

 * 2001 - Seventh Key
 * 2004 - The Raging Fire
 * 2013 - I Will Survive

Live albums

 * 2005 - Live in Atlanta

title: Seventh Key


text:
Clare Christian

Clare Margaret Christian OBE CP (born 11 September 1945 ) is a Manx politician, who was President of Tynwald until 2016. She is a former member of the Legislative Council and former Health Minister in the Isle of Man Government.

Christian is the daughter of Sir Charles Kerruish, President of Tynwald and Chairman of the Executive Council. Her sister is Anne Craine, the former Treasury Minister. She is a graduate of the University of London with a degree in Physics and Chemistry, and previously worked as a research chemist for Cadbury Schweppes. She was also the Island Guide Commissioner from 1991 to 1996.

Christian became an MHK at her first attempt for the Ayre constituency in March 1980, but failed to be re-elected in 1986. She was, however, appointed an MLC in 1993 and was appointed Health Minister in 1996, overseeing the construction of the new Noble's Hospital. In 2011, she was elected to the position of President of Tynwald.

Christian was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to the Isle of Man.

She was appointed Captain of the Parish of Maughold in early 2018.

Governmental positions

 * Chairman of the Civil Service Commission, 1981–82
 * Minister of Health and Social Security, 1996–2004
 * Vice Chairman of Isle of Man Water and Sewerage Authority, 2009–11
 * President of Tynwald, 2011–16

title: Clare Christian


text:
Talk:Kenneth Gärdestad/GA1

GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''

Reviewer: The Rambling Man (talk · contribs) 16:33, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

Comments That's about it on a first run through. It's on hold for the moment. The Rambling Man (Staying alive since 2005!) 17:34, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Lead is a touch brief, could add some more about Eurovision, book writing, activism etc.
 * Our article on Oh, vilken härlig dag has a g, rather than a ', can we be consistent?
 * "in Eurovision 1979 finishing" comma after 1979.
 * "Lyricist Gärdestad..." weird, probably switch "Lyricist" for "Kenneth"... and perhaps "writing lyrics performed by Lotta..."
 * "He took part again in Melodifestivalen 2010 with" well no, he took part in Melodifestivalen again, not the 2010 version again.
 * "Musikförläggarnas pris" is there an article for this on Swedish Wikipedia?
 * and for his work in it, and many wonderful lyrics."[7] - missing an opening quote mark somewhere.
 * Most articles like this usually have a section listing the awards in one place.
 * "wrote the book Jag vill ha en egen måne (2005), a biography..." probably don't need "the book" as you go on to refer to it as a biography so it's pretty clear it's a book.
 * Ted – För kärlekens skull - our article uses a colon rather than a spaced en-dash. Consistency once again?
 * Again, do we have a .sv article for Peter Viitanen?
 * "(last episode season 7)" probably not required as you mention that in the prose in the following sentence.
 * "was head architect" can we put a timeframe on that?
 * "There are more than 80 Kunskapsskolan schools..." not sure how directly relevant it is to this bio.
 * "Gärdestad revealed..." Kenneth. Perhaps in fact make that a first sentence of a new paragraph and then merge the death sentence.
 * "Ted Gärdestadstipendiet" in the caption, "Ted Gärdestad Stipend" in the article, perhaps be consistent.
 * Avoid SHOUTING in the refs.
 * Since those ref publishers/works aren't necessarily well known to English speakers, perhaps you could link them where you can.

 * Thank you so much for good pointers. I have tried to fix the issues you pointed out. Please let me know if I missed something. I am looking forward to any possible further notes. Thanks again.BabbaQ (talk) 18:22, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * no problem, I've tweaked it a few times, feel free to work it over again, but I'm now satisfied we have a GA here. Well done. The Rambling Man (Staying alive since 2005!) 16:21, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Thank you. It feels great that the article now is GA. And thank you for all your help and good notes. BabbaQ (talk) 17:37, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kenneth Gärdestad/GA1


text:
Wi-Fi/Cantenna

About Cantennas
A cantenna is a directional waveguide antenna for long-range WiFi (cf. Hi-fi) which can be used to increase the range (or snoop) on a wireless network. Originally employing a Pringle's® Potato Chip can, a cantenna can be constructed quickly, easily, and inexpensively out of readily obtained materials. It requires four nuts, a short length of medium gauge wire, a tin can roughly 9 cm (3.66 inches) in diameter, the longer the better, and an N-Female chassis mount collector, which can be purchased at any electronic supply store. The original design employed a Pringle's can, but an optimal design will use a longer tin can. Instructions for constructing and connecting a cantenna can be found at Turnpoint.net.

While cantennas are useful for extending a local-area network (LAN), the tiny design makes them ideal for mobile applications, such as wardriving. Its design is so simple and ubiquitous that it is often the first antenna that WiFi experimenters learn to build. Even the Secret Service has taken an interest in the can antenna.

How to make a Cantenna
You'll need
 * An N-male chassis mount connector
 * One side is N-female for connecting the cable from your wireless equipment, and the other side has a small brass stub for soldering on wire. These can be found at electronics stores internet suppliers (see the list below under "Connect your antenna..." If you shop around, you should be able to find these for $3-$5.

 * Four small nuts and bolts

 * A bit of thick wire
 * A can
 * The diameter of the can should be around 8.3 cm. The cappuccino cans available at Lidl supermarkets are very close to the ideal diameter..
 * Reading this guide the better size of the can it's about 92.796mm

title: Wi-Fi/Cantenna


text:
put-up job

Noun

 * 1)  An attempt to trick, deceive, or con someone.
 * It seemed to be a really good opportunity, but it turned out to be nothing but a put-up job.
 * It seemed to be a really good opportunity, but it turned out to be nothing but a put-up job.

title: put-up job


text:
2020 KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships

The 2020 KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships in speed skating were held in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink from 25 January to 26 January 2020. The tournament was part of the 2019–2020 speed skating season. Kjeld Nuis and Letitia de Jong won the sprint titles. The sprint championships were held at the same time as the 2020 KNSB Dutch Allround Championships.

Women's sprint
Source:

title: 2020 KNSB Dutch Sprint Championships


text:
Joseph Winlock

Joseph Winlock (February 6, 1826 – June 11, 1875) was an American astronomer and mathematician.

Biography
He was born in Shelby County, Kentucky, the grandson of General Joseph Winlock (1758–1831). After graduating from Shelby College in Kentucky in 1845, he was appointed professor of mathematics and astronomy at that institution.

From 1852 until 1857 he worked as a computer for the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, and relocated to Cambridge, Massachusetts. He briefly served as head of the department of mathematics at the United States Naval Academy, but returned as superintendent of the Almanac office. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1853.

He married Isabella Washington in Shelbyville, Kentucky on December 10, 1856, and they had six children.

In 1863 he was one of the fifty charter members of the National Academy of Sciences. Three year later in 1866 he became director of the Harvard College Observatory, succeeding George Bond, and making many improvements in the facility. He was also appointed professor of astronomy at Harvard. He remained at the university, eventually becoming professor of geodesy until his sudden death in Cambridge on June 11, 1875.

Much of his astronomical work included measurements with the meridian circle, a catalogue of double stars and stellar photometry investigations. He also led solar eclipse expeditions to Kentucky in 1860 and Spain in 1870.

The crater Winlock on the Moon is named after him.

title: Joseph Winlock


text:
Ruthild Engert-Ely

Ruthild Engert-Ely (9 October 1940 – 5 May 2013 ) was a German operatic mezzo-soprano and alto.

Life
Born in Frankfurt, Engert-Ely first trained as a kindergarten teacher in her native town. Afterwards she worked as a nanny in London and later worked there as an art dealer. She studied singing at the Hoch Conservatory. Later, further studies followed with Josef Metternich in Cologne.

She made her stage debut at the Theater Osnabrück as Cherubino in The Marriage of Figaro. She had her first regular engagements at the Theater Koblenz (1969–1972) and at the Theater Freiburg (1972–1977) where she was the countess in Lortzing's Der Wildschütz. The then Freiburg director Peter Brenner (director) and the musical director Marek Janowski supported Engert-Ely in her early years. In Freiburg she was able to acquire her first major roles: Rosina in The Barber of Seville, Octavia in Der Rosenkavalier and Ottavia in L'incoronazione di Poppea. After five years in Freiburg, she moved to the Staatstheater Hannover (1977–1979). There she sang Dorabella in Così fan tutte for the first time; the composer in Ariadne auf Naxos was also one of her role debuts.

Since 1979, she was a permanent member of the Deutsche Oper Berlin (DOB), to which she had been contracted by Siegfried Palm. She debuted there in 1979 as Cherubino in Le nozze di Figaro. Other (premiere) roles there included Hansel in Hänsel und Gretel (season 1979/80), Nicklausse/Muse in The Tales of Hoffmann (revival: September 1980), Alisa in Lucia di Lammermoor (premiere: December 1980), Cherubino (August 1981, in the opening performance of the 1981/82 season as a stand-in for Hanna Schwarz; also in the rehearsal in January 1985), Gymnasiast/Groom in Lulu (premiere: February 1982), the composer in Ariadne auf Naxos (house debut; March 1982), Meg Page in Falstaff (revival: April/May 1982; later also in the 1988/89 season), Fenena in Nabucco (among others in March 1981, further in the revival in May 1982), Preziosilla in La forza del destino (house debut in October 1982, further in the revival in January 1987), Fjodor in Boris Godunov (revival/re-recording: February 1983), Lucienne in Die tote Stadt (premiere: February 1983), Flora Bervoix in La traviata (rehearsal: April 1984, with Júlia Várady in the title role), Floßhilde in Das Rheingold (premiere: September 1984) and Götterdämmerung (premiere: September 1985), Fatime in Oberon (premiere: January 1986) and Warwara in Káťa Kabanová (premiere: March 1986; follow-up performances in March 1987). In October 1988, she sang Warwara in Götterdämmerung in the complete Ring cycle at the Deutsche Oper Berlin. In October 1990, she made her role and house debut there as Ortrud in Wagner's Lohengrin. In November 1992, she sang Preziosilla again in a new musical rehearsal of Verdi's opera La forza del destino. In November/December 1992, she took over the role of the crunchy witch in Hänsel and Gretel. In March 1993, she took over the role of Varvara again, this time "with lush vibrato" in mezzo-soprano, in the revival of the opera Káťa Kabanová.

She was officially a member of the Deutsche Oper ensemble until the 1995/96 season. In the course of her career, she sang roles ranging from the lyrical mezzo-soprano to the dramatic mezzo-soprano. At the Deutsche Oper, she also made the change from the lyrical to the dramatic mezzo-soprano part. Occasionally she also took on purely alto roles.

In the 1979/80 season she sang Fenena in a new production of Nabucco at the Deutsche Oper am Rhein (premiere: June 1980, director: Gert Westphal), as well as the Maddalena in Rigoletto (revival: April 1980). In the 1980/81 season she gave a guest performance at the Staatsoper Hamburg. There she sang in the new production of The Tales of Hoffmann (premiere: May 1981; director: Jürgen Flimm) "vocally beautiful and expressive" the voice of her mother and the second voice in the Barcarole. In the season 1980/81, without previous rehearsals, she took over as Cherubino in December 1980 at the Staatstheater Braunschweig in a new production of the opera Le Nozze di Figaro; "the two Cherubin arias became musical highlights of the evening in their intensely sensitive arrangement" In January 1984 she sang Prince Orlofsky in the Strauss operetta Die Fledermaus at the Staatsoper Hannover. She also gave a guest performance at the Staatstheater Oldenburg in 1985 as Kundry in Wagner's Bühnenweihfestspiel Parsifal (director: Michael Rothacker; with Mario Brell as Parsifal and Ks. Heinz-Klaus Ecker as Gurnemanz) and thus became known nationwide; this role was considered her special highlight. In the 1986/87 season she took on the role of Princess Eboli in Verdi's Don Carlos at the Theater Aachen; in the 1987/88 season, Lady Macbeth in Macbeth followed there. In May 1989, with the ensemble of the Deutsche Oper, she gave a guest performance at the International May Festival at Staatstheater Wiesbaden as Warwara in Katja Kabanowa; she "powerfully enhanced the role through intensive acting and magnificent mezzo tones." In November 1991 she appeared as Kundry at the Vienna State Opera. In the opening performance of the Theater Chemnitz she also appeared as Kundry in December 1992 (after several years of general renovation of the house). In 1999 she gave a guest performance at the Musiktheater im Revier in Gelsenkirchen as Herodias in Salome.

In 1982, Engert-Ely sang for the first time at the Bayreuth Festival. From 1982 to 1989, she was a member of the permanent ensemble of the Bayreuth Festival. There, she took on the following roles: 1. Knappe in Parsifal (1982–1985), the alto solo in Parsifal (1984/1985), Grimgerde in Die Walküre (1983), Schwertleite in Die Walküre (1985/1986) and in 1989 Venus in Tannhäuser (director: Wolfgang Wagner; musical direction: Giuseppe Sinopoli).

Engert-Ely frequently gave guest performances in other European countries and overseas. In 1988 she sang the role of Kundry in Parsifal at the Festival dei Due Mondi in Spoleto. She also appeared in Italy at the Teatro Regio di Torino (1987; as Clytemnestra in Elektra), at the Teatro Lirico Giuseppe Verdi in Trieste (February 1988; "impressive" as composer), at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice (1988, as composer), in Genoa (June 1988 as Fricka in Die Walküre; 1997 as Türkenbaba in The Rake's Progress), at La Scala (1990; as Magdalene in Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg) and several times at the Teatro Massimo Bellini in Catania (April/May 1992 as Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier, with Renata Scotto as Marschallin in her role debut; 1994 as Venus; 1998 as Klytämnestra).

She also gave guest performances at the Teatro Real in Madrid, at the Teatro Nacional de São Carlos in Lisbon, in Paris (February 1989; as Magdalene at the Palais Garnier), in Montpellier (February 1993 as Ortrud, 1995), in Nice (1993 as Clairon in Capriccio; 1995 as Klytämnestra) and in Amsterdam (September 1993 as Kundry; June 1995 as Magdalene). She appeared several times at the Flemish Opera (De Vlaamse Opera) in Antwerp and Ghent: 1990 as Kundry in Parsifal (Ghent), 1991 also as Kundry in Parsifal (Antwerp), 1994 as Ortrud (Ghent), 1996 as Kundry (Ghent/Antwerp), 1996 as Principessa in Suor Angelica and Zita in Gianni Schicchi (both in Antwerp).

In the United States, she gave a guest performance in Charleston (June/July 1987 and 1990; as Kundry in Parsifal), at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City (April 1990; as Fricka in Die Walküre), at the Washington Opera (1997; as Klytämnestra) and several times at the Hawaii Opera in Honolulu (1999 also as Klytämnestra; 2002 as Herodias in Salome). In May 1994 she sang Venus in Tannhäuser at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires.

Engert-Ely also appeared as a concert and song singer. In June 1986 she appeared in a concert of the Berlin Philharmonic under the musical direction of Heinrich Hollreiser; Engert-Ely took over the alto parts in Mozart's Coronation Mass and in Beethoven's Mass in C major op. 86. In October 1988, she sang "with expressive, warm mezzo-soprano, which only lacked the otherwise pleasantly round sound at the very bottom", the alto part in Handel's Messiah in a scenic performance in the DOB. In November 1988, she took over the mezzo-soprano part in Verdi's Requiem with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. In November 1991, she sang in the Verdi Requiem in a performance of the Bochumer Symphoniker conducted by Eberhard Kloke in the auditorium of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, in which "her full well-fitting mezzo-soprano with ability for dramatic attack was impressively employed". In recitals she interpreted songs by Robert Schumann, Gustav Mahler, Richard Strauss, Franz Schreker and Alexander Zemlinsky among others. She also gave singing lessons.

Engert-Ely was married to the musicologist Norbert Ely. After her marriage, she also performed under the name Ruthild Engert-Ely. Engert died in Berlin at the age of 72 after a serious illness.

Repertoire
Engert-Ely sang a broad repertoire on stage, which included baroque music, operas from Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to Giuseppe Verdi, but especially works from the turn of the century, the 20th century and classical modernism.

Her other stage roles included Dorabella in Così fan tutte, Brangäne in Tristan und Isolde, Waltraute in Götterdämmerung, Hansel, later also Gertrud/Hexe in Hänsel und Gretel and Charlotte in the opera Die Soldaten (1983, Deutsche Oper Berlin; season 1987/1988 in Paris).

Recordings
Several sound documents with the voice of Ruthild Engert-Ely exist; however, her main roles are not sufficiently documented on sound recordings.

In April 1987 she performed the role of Schwertleite in a recording of the opera Die Walküre under the musical direction of James Levine at the Manhattan Center in New York City. The recording was released by Deutsche Grammophon. In June 1987 she appeared as the nurse Filipjewna in a recording of the opera Eugene Onegin, which was recorded at the Lukaskirche in Dresden; her partners were Mirella Freni (Tatjana) and James Levine (conductor). The recording was first released in 1988 (still on vinyl), also by Deutsche Grammophon. In a complete recording of Prokovief's opera The Fiery Angel she took on the roles of the fortune teller and the abbess; the recording was also released on CD by Deutsche Grammophon in 1990.

Also live and radio recordings of her performance at the Bayreuth Festival exist. Some of these were published on CD. Philips has released a CD with a recording of Parsifal from the Bayreuth Festspielhaus in 1985, in which Engert-Ely can be heard in her Bayreuth roles (1st miner and alto solo).

A recording of the Bayreuth Tannhäuser 1989 performance with Engert-Ely as Venus was issued on DVD.

title: Ruthild Engert-Ely


text:
Muriaux

Muriaux is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009, the formerly independent municipality of Le Peuchapatte merged into the municipality of Muriaux.

History
Muriaux is first mentioned in 1301 as Murival. The municipality was formerly known by its German name Spiegelberg, however, that name is no longer used.

Geography
Muriaux has an area of. Of this area, 10.22 km2 or 60.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 6.1 km2 or 36.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.54 km2 or 3.2% is settled (buildings or roads) and 0.03 km2 or 0.2% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.6%. Out of the forested land, 31.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 5.7% is used for growing crops and 33.9% is pastures and 20.8% is used for alpine pastures.

The widely scattered settlements of municipality are located in the Franches-Montagnes district. It consists of the village of Muriaux west of the Saignelégier-Le Noirmont road, the hamlets of Les Emibois, Les Chenevières, Le Roselet, the exclave of Le Cerneux-Veusil between the municipalities of Saint-Imier and Les Breuleux and the former municipality of Le Peuchapatte.

The municipalities of Le Bémont, Les Bois, Les Breuleux, La Chaux-des-Breuleux, Les Enfers, Les Genevez, Lajoux, Montfaucon, Muriaux, Le Noirmont, Saignelégier, Saint-Brais and Soubey are considering a merger on at a date in the future into the new municipality of Franches-Montagnes.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or, a Roundel Argent bordered Gules, in base triple steep Mountain Peaks Vert.

Demographics
Muriaux has a population of. , 4.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 1.2%. Migration accounted for 0.4%, while births and deaths accounted for 2%.

Most of the population speaks French (392 or 91.2%) as their first language, German is the second most common (32 or 7.4%) and Italian is the third (2 or 0.5%). There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.

, the population was 51.3% male and 48.7% female. The population was made up of 244 Swiss men (49.3% of the population) and 10 (2.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 228 Swiss women (46.1%) and 13 (2.6%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 156 or about 36.3% were born in Muriaux and lived there in 2000. There were 123 or 28.6% who were born in the same canton, while 92 or 21.4% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 44 or 10.2% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 26.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.5% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 13.5%.

, there were 185 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 209 married individuals, 18 widows or widowers and 18 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 179 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.6 persons per household. There were 39 households that consist of only one person and 18 households with five or more people. , a total of 151 apartments (77.4% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 37 apartments (19.0%) were seasonally occupied and 7 apartments (3.6%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.9%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Sights
The entire village of Muriaux is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Motor Museum
The small motor museum closed in 2008 although the collection on which it was based remains in place.

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the FDP which received 26.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SPS (20.23%), the CSP (19.66%) and the SVP (18.23%). In the federal election, a total of 182 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 48.7%.

Economy
The economy is based on dairy farming and cattle breeding. There are few other sources of employment in the village.

, Muriaux had an unemployment rate of 2.1%. , there were 96 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 36 businesses involved in this sector. 5 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 4 businesses in this sector. 49 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 12 businesses in this sector. There were 241 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.9% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 104. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 59, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 5, all of which were in manufacturing. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 40. In the tertiary sector; 27 or 67.5% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 2 or 5.0% were in the movement and storage of goods, 7 or 17.5% were in a hotel or restaurant, and 1 was a technical professional or scientist.

, there were 67 workers who commuted into the municipality and 130 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.9 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 16.4% of the workforce coming into Muriaux are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 3.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 57.8% used a private car.

Transport
The municipality has two railway stations, Muriaux and Les Emibois, on the La Chaux-de-Fonds–Glovelier line.

Religion
From the, 278 or 64.7% were Roman Catholic, while 82 or 19.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 24 individuals (or about 5.58% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 1 individual who belonged to another church. 36 (or about 8.37% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 21 individuals (or about 4.88% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Muriaux about 138 or (32.1%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 47 or (10.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 47 who completed tertiary schooling, 61.7% were Swiss men, 21.3% were Swiss women, 10.6% were non-Swiss men.

The Canton of Jura school system provides two year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school followed by some form of Tertiary school or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2009–10 school year, there were no students attending school in Muriaux.

, there were 9 students in Muriaux who came from another municipality, while 54 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Muriaux