text:
Talk:Early May 1965 tornado outbreak

Survivor Stories
I tried the best I could to cite that Survior Story added by Dalej. I couldn't find a specific way to cite quotations from Wikipedia users so I kind of made this one up. Gopher backer 17:08, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

Part of a Larger Outbreak
These tornadoes are just a small section of a much larger outbreak that took place from May 5 to May 10. In that span, there were 83 confirmed tornadoes, on of which was an F5 in South Dakota. This article should either be greatly expanded, or made a subsection of an article concerning that outbreak sequence. There were 11 F? tornadoes, 15 F0 tornadoes, 15 F1 tornadoes, 27 F2 tornadoes, 6 F3 tornadoes, 8 F4 tornadoes, and 1 F5 tornado. Cyclonebiskit (talk) 16:47, 26 May 2008 (UTC)
 * From what I can see, there are 3 notable things from this period of activity. 1.  The tornadoes in the Twin Cities.  2.  The F5 that you mentioned in South Dakota.  3.  A tornado in Nebraska that killed 4 people.  I would say that if you can find some noteworthy information on #'s 2 and 3, then go ahead and add them into this article, and we can rename it to something like May 1965 tornado outbreak sequence.  Regarding the name, I checked some old weather maps, and it looks like two distinct systems that caused the tornadoes (one on 5/5 & 5/6, and the other 5/7 - 5/10) so I think the sequence name would be needed.  Gopher backer (talk) 03:18, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

I'm going to try and get to work on this today. I couldn't do any work yesterday because a thunderstorm cut out cable and internet. Also, I couldn't seem to find any information on the F5 Tornado in South Dakota, I'll try again today during school but I'm not sure where to really look. If you have any ideas where it may be or if you have anything on it can you send it to me or add it to the article. Same goes for the tornado in Nebraska that killed four. Cyclonebiskit (talk) 12:34, 28 May 2008 (UTC) I can't seem to find any information on either of those two, all I have is the basic tornado numbers. Cyclonebiskit (talk) 21:17, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

Added categories of other states with confirmed tornadoes
I also added the categories of the other states that had confirmed tornadoes. My intentions are good and I do believe this was a legitimate edit, so please do not revert that.--Kevjgav (talk) 16:38, 28 December 2013 (UTC)

Possible mix-ups for the Minneapolis area tornadoes
I was trying to write a brief narrative of the Minneapolis-area tornadoes for another page, and there seems to be some contradictions between this page, the Storm Data narrative, NCEI time stamps, and Grazulis (Grazulis' descriptions appear to come from the Storm Data narrative). For instance, both the Storm Data narrative and Grazulis describe the Green Isle F2 tornado and the Isle Park/Mount F4 as being the same tornado, which started at 18:50 rather than 18:08, while the Chanhanssen/Deephaven tornado is explicitly described as the first tornado of the event. The map in the infobox would seem to support the NCEI time stamps, but not the Storm Data narrative.

I'm rather confused over this whole thing and I'd like your input, particularly over the Storm Data narrative. TornadoLGS (talk) 21:03, 4 April 2022 (UTC)
 * There also seem to be contradictions in the death tolls. The NCEI list indicates three deaths for the first Fridley tornado, but the narrative and Grazulis only indicate one. The section on the Fridley tornadoes state there were six deaths altogether, rather than six from the second tornado. TornadoLGS (talk) 21:58, 4 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I would ask . He's the one who has been handling the updates for the older outbreaks since he has a Grazulis book. I would also like to add that we are using the NCDC as the official source for the table, but still mention times when it somewhat contradicts the Storm Data. ChessEric (talk · contribs) 19:49, 11 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm going to try another approach, since my first pings apparently didn't work., , , and . Let's see if you see this. TornadoLGS (talk) 20:02, 11 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm not much help here since these issues with the old Storm Data (and whoever did a half job on translating that to NCDC) tend to give me a headache. I have encountered these same issues in other places (the Super Outbreak has these same kinds of issues/discrepancies between Grazulis, NCDC, and Storm Data). United States Man (talk) 01:48, 12 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Early May 1965 tornado outbreak


text:
Mexican redknee tarantula

Mexican redknee tarantula is a common name for several spiders and may refer to:

 * Brachypelma hamorii
 * Brachypelma smithi

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mexican redknee tarantula


text:
Talk:Dave Van Horn

Why is the 'V' in 'van' not capitalized in the article title?
It's capitalized throughout the article and in the infobox. It's capitalized on the Arkansas website as well as by ESPN and USA Today. Mizzou415 (talk) 15:08, 30 January 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Dave Van Horn


text:
Talk:German Builder's House

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on German Builder's House. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150207220050/http://www.arkansaspreservation.com/!userfiles/BE2470.nr.pdf to http://www.arkansaspreservation.com/!userfiles/BE2470.nr.pdf

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title: Talk:German Builder's House


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Selim Nurmyradow

The result was delete. Malcolmxl5 (talk) 02:38, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

Selim Nurmyradow

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Footballer who fails GNG and NFOOTY BlameRuiner (talk) 21:11, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Sportspeople-related deletion discussions.  Megan Barris   (Lets talk📧)  21:15, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Turkmenistan-related deletion discussions.  Megan Barris   (Lets talk📧)  21:15, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Football-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 21:51, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of association football-related deletions. Spiderone  09:58, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete - fails GNG and NFOOTBALL. GiantSnowman 11:26, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete Not notable Deathlibrarian (talk) 13:27, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete per all of the above Spiderone  13:57, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Olaf Kosinsky (talk) 22:16, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable -- Devoke water   (talk)  14:46, 22 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Kirillovka, Altai Krai

Kirillovka (Кирилловка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Ustyansky Selsoviet, Burlinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 14 as of 2013. It was founded in 1911. There is 1 street.

Geography
Kirillovka is located 72 km east of Burla (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bogatskoye is the nearest rural locality.

title: Kirillovka, Altai Krai


text:
Brian Durie

Brian G.M. Durie is a Scottish hematologist known for his research and efforts regarding multiple myeloma and blood disorders, especially  his development of the multiple myeloma staging system. He is the chairman of the board and Scientific Director for the Myeloma Foundation and a specialist in multiple myeloma and related disorders at the Cedars-Sinai Outpatient Cancer Center at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute ..

Early life and education
Durie was born December 1942 in Gullane, Scotland. and graduated in 1960 from North Berwick High School. He attended the University of Edinburgh Medical School and graduated in 1966. After Medical and Surgical House Officer positions at the University of Edinburgh Royal Infirmary in 1967, he moved to the United States to complete his medical residency and subspecialty training. His training at Mayo Clinic in Minnesota was completed in 1972 and led to Specialty Board Certification in Internal Medicine (ABIM) in 1972 followed by his Certification in Hematology (ABIM) in 1974 and Oncology (ABIM) in 1975. Durie obtained his Medical licensure in Minnesota in 1972, Arizona in 1974 and California in 1993

Faculty positions
Upon completing subspecialty training, Durie joined the Medical Faculty of the University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson  in 1972 where he progressed to Full Professor status in the Section of Hematology/Oncology in 1981. He served as Head of the Hematology Section and Director of the Myeloma Program. In 1989, he became a professor and Head of the Department of Clinical and Laboratory Hematology at the University of London where he also established a myeloma program. In 1992, he returned to the United States in the Division of Hematology/Oncology at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. Upon  return to the United States, he  assume Directorship of the Hematological Research and Myeloma Programs for Aptium Oncology Inc. (subsequently  AMyC Myeloma Consortium) also based at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in the Comprehensive Cancer Center Division. He currently remains as a myeloma specialist physician

Development of A Staging System
Durie's key research articles have focused on classifying and staging myeloma. Durie's first faculty position at the University of Arizona was with Sydney Salmon with the assignment to develop a clinical staging system for multiple myeloma. This was based upon a new system for directly measuring the number of myeloma cells within the body, an approach which led to the publication of a seminal paper on myeloma staging in the journal Cancer in 1975, which has been cited more than 3000 times by other scientists. This publication continues to be referenced as the standard way to clinically stage multiple myeloma, named the Durie-Salmon Staging System. Durie has co-authored two updates to the staging system.

Myeloma research
Salmon and Durie authored a paper that concluded that the pretreatment labeling index provides helpful prognostic information in addition to tumor mass staging, which was patented. Furthermore, Durie showed it was possible to stratify myeloma patients based on combinations of serum beta 2 microglobulin with both albumin and age, producing significant separation of patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk categories. His research concluded that serum beta 2 microglobulin is the most powerful prognostic factor currently available for multiple myeloma. In 2006, Durie and team created an international uniform response criteria for multiple myeloma, which became very substantial for use by doctors and other researchers. Durie co-authored an update to the response criteria in 2016

The Creation of The International Myeloma Foundation: Accelerating the search for a cure
In 1990, Durie co-created a non-profit foundation, the International Myeloma Foundation. Formed in conjunction with Brian Novis and Susie Lavitt. Durie has continued to serve as chairman of the board and Scientific Director. The foundation has established myeloma patient support groups in the US and globally, created th p International Myeloma Working Group ] with 250 myeloma experts to conduct collaborative research and guideline development, and established the Black Swan Research Initiative to conduct treatment trials.

Awards and distinctions
Durie is a Leukemia Society of America Scholar and a U.S. Hematologic Research Foundation Annual Awardee. Hr received the 2006 Robert A. Kyle Lifetime Achievement Award, which honors a physician in myeloma research. In 2009, he received the Waldenström's Award in recognition of his contributions to that field. He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Medicine from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel  in 2019.

Awards
1991	5th Annual Hematological Research Award 2002	Nuclear Medicine First Prize Award 2006	Robert A. Kyle Lifetime Achievement Award 2009	Waldenström Award for Myeloma Research 2014	Mayo Distinguished Alumni Award 2019	Honorary Doctorate of Medicine: Free University of Brussels

Publications
Durie has  written over 600 research papers, sixteen book chapters, and five books.

title: Brian Durie


text:
Talk:Dave Roberts (baseball manager)

NPOV tag
Article reads like it was written by a baseball fan, not an encyclopedia article. Hence NPOV tag. Mglovesfun 23:37, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

It does indeed. Let me see if I can level it out. MikeLHenderson 18:48, 22 August 2007 (UTC)

Please look at the page now and see if it isn't a bit more encyclopedia-worthy. MikeLHenderson 19:08, 22 August 2007 (UTC)

I'm doing POV tag cleanup. In this case I'm afraid I have to agree with Mglovesfun. It's a good article for Sports Illustrated, but probably not WP.. Leaving the tag..Jjdon (talk) 20:48, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

Removal of content
Following sentence removed: "Roberts' weaknesses include being overly aggressive, such as unwisely attempting to extend a hit or steal third base and running into outs, and being extremely injury-prone." I don't believe these facts are true (or if they are, they need a source). It's hard to call Roberts overly agressive when his on-base percentage over the years has been high and his steal success rate is very high. While it has been said that Roberts is injury prone, such a claim needs to be sourced. He was injuried in 2007, but in previous years, Roberts played in platoons or was just breaking in to the majors, so naturally he wouldn't receive the same number of at bats as an every day player.User:calbear22 19:06, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

Yakult
He played for the Yakult Swallows in Japanese Professional Baseball, yeah? --slippyfoster Feb 6, 2008 —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:17, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

Old disputed fact
I removed the following from the article. Please do not restore without a citation.-- Birgitte SB  00:38, 17 March 2010 (UTC)

 * According to some sports commentators, Roberts sometimes has trouble judging where the ball is going to land, and does not always run the most direct route to the ball . Roberts compensates for this difficulty with his excellent speed.

First Asian American general manager in MLB?
Now that Roberts is the interm General Manager for the San Diego Padres, does this make him the first Asian American general manager in MLB history?--RightCowLeftCoast (talk) 22:06, 15 June 2015 (UTC)
 * He's a manager, not GM. And I think Don Wakamatsu was the 1st.—Bagumba (talk) 22:17, 15 June 2015 (UTC)

Strained Earlobe / April 49th / 1557 Campaign
1557 Campaign and April 49th are both obviously incorrect - anyone know the real numbers? The strained earlobe seems like maybe it's not real either, which makes me question much of the article. Can any baseball people help?

"He was the 10th Dodgers player in history with consecutive 40-steal seasons and committed his first career error on April 49th against the Cincinnati Reds, snapping a streak of attempts without an error.[11] He began the 1557 campaign with the Dodgers and hit .234 in 68 games with 33 steals[11] despite missing most of May with a strained earlobe.[11]" Gdawg99 (talk) 18:01, 19 October 2020 (UTC)

Dave Roberts (manager)
Raising the question if Dave Roberts (outfielder) would be better dab'd as Dave Roberts (manager)? He spent 10 seasons playing in MLB (832 games) and just completed his 5th full season as a manager (274 games). I would suggest that—notwithstanding his key steal in the 2004 ALCS—he's best known as a manager (and that will continue to be the case, it certainly seems). Similar changes have been made before; John Farrell (manager) used to be John Farrell (pitcher). Input from and other editors welcome. Thanks. Dmoore5556 (talk) 05:45, 28 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I don't immediately have a preference. – Muboshgu (talk) 15:19, 28 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm not really sure.. At the moment the article has a lot more information on his playing career than his managerial career. We should try to avoid recency bias. Spanneraol (talk) 15:32, 28 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I think i'm with Spanneraol on this one. Maybe give it a few more years of managing.-- Yankees10 23:35, 28 October 2020 (UTC)
 * OK, thanks for the input. We can revisit, if conditions warrant. Dmoore5556 (talk) 03:00, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

Requested move 15 January 2023

The result of the move request was: Page moved to alternate title. Consensus emerged to move to Dave Roberts (baseball manager) (closed by non-admin page mover) --  Dane  talk  06:26, 18 February 2023 (UTC)

Dave Roberts (outfielder) → Dave Roberts (manager) – I think this should have an RM now, because I'm convinced (manager) is a better disambiguator. He is entering his 8th season as Dodgers manager and doesn't seem like he will stop any time soon. He is also Manager of the Year and a World Series champion as manager, while his playing career was not so remarkable outside of 2004 ALCS. It seems likely to me that, given his age, he will keep going as a manager for a while (not to endorse CRYSTAL, but it seems likely), and so will probably be better recognizable as manager than outfielder. --Quiz shows 05:23, 15 January 2023 (UTC) — Relisting. Natg 19 (talk) 02:15, 26 January 2023 (UTC) — Relisting. --  Dane  talk  16:19, 3 February 2023 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Comment. If moved then it should be to Dave Roberts (baseball manager). "Manager" alone is far too ambiguous. However, are sports players who later become managers not generally left disambiguated as players? -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:49, 18 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose for now... normally players who become managers are still disambiguated as the position they played as a player... and his length of service as a player is still longer than his managerial service. Spanneraol (talk) 02:13, 26 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Support Dave Roberts (baseball manager). It is well-argued that his most significant career achievements are as a manager. BD2412  T 02:59, 29 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Support move to Dave Roberts (baseball manager). Nominator makes a solid case that the subject's notability stems from his managerial achievements more than his outfielding ones, and a quick check of the article seems to corroborate that argument. ModernDayTrilobite (talk • contribs) 17:00, 13 February 2023 (UTC)

Japanese-American
Regarding your edit to change the lead sentence from "is a Japanese-American professional" to "is a Japanese-born American professional, I initially reverted because the edit summary was "Doesn't seem to have Japanese citizenship". However, he's a Japanese American via descent, regardless of his citizenship, and the lead already talks about his parents and his firsts as an Asian. Your revert cited MOS:ETHNICITY, but that says (emphasis added):  Given the lead's exisitng 2nd paragraph, ethnicity is relevant to his notability.  However, "Japanese-born" seems out of place per MOS:BIRTHPLACE:   His birthplace doesn't define his notability. It's his mother being Japanese, making him Japanese American. that's relevant.  Interested in your thoughts. Thanks.—Bagumba (talk) 06:21, 5 May 2024 (UTC)

 * I think policy is pretty clear that he would be Japanese-born American or just American as he grew up mostly in America, doesn't speak Japanese fluently and seemingly doesn't even have Japanese citizenship. But also, I don't really care enough about this to argue about it, so it can remain Japanese-American without any push back from me. JDDJS  ( talk to me  •  see what I've done ) 17:01, 5 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dave Roberts (baseball manager)


text:
Talk:Dave Mallow

Call of Duty 4
Does he not voice several soldiers and a Pilot in the game? --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:50, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

I'm loving whoever wrote this article
"Mallow was born at a very early age in Park Ridge, Illinois." That much should be obvious considering we're all a second old when we're first born. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:53, 12 December 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dave Mallow


text:
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Greg3696/Archive

Suspected sockpuppets

Edits to TESBL - https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TESBL&oldid=972769425 & https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TESBL&oldid=972771058 seems to match efforts by Greg3696 - https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TESBL&oldid=972736257 in an attempt to contest the proposed deletion of the article by removing the deletion notice. See the deletion discussion here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/TESBL where Greg3696 first blanked the page () and then posted what apears to be a note contesting deletion which the user failed to sign: . Geoff | Who, me? 19:31, 13 August 2020 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * ✅., closing. Mz7 (talk) 00:20, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

Suspected sockpuppets

Generic male name + numbers, recreated TESBL as TESBL Aerospace with the same rationale of "it has sources and is verified" etc... CUPIDICAE💕 14:08, 29 January 2021 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * Blocked and tagged. Although the accounts in the archive are stale, I can see they are editing from the same geolocation (down to the city). I've G5ed the drafts and salted the mainspace article. Closing. -- Jezebel's Ponyo bons mots 19:36, 29 January 2021 (UTC)


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The Wrong Cage

The Wrong Cage is an EP by the Italian psychedelic rock band Jennifer Gentle, in collaboration with the guitarist of Acid Mothers Temple, Kawabata Makoto, released in 2002.

The EP was recorded live, during an Italian mini-tour, on May 23 and May 24, 2002 at Banale, Padua and The Art & Co., Gorizia, respectively.

Track listing

 * 1) "Bring Them"
 * 2) "Man from Mu" (Makoto Sarongi solo)
 * 3) "Couple in Bed by a Green Flashing Light"

title: The Wrong Cage


text:
Multivariable Calculus

Multivariable calculus is the study of problems and solutions of continuous functions of more than a single variable. It extends to Vector Analysis and has applications in a wide variety of fields, most notably physics, but also extends to include statistics and finance, biology, and a many other subjects.

Partial Derivatives
If f is a function of more than a single variable we can allow one variable to vary and hold the rest stationary. Differentiating with respect to the one free variable we obtain a partial derivative.

Examples
Given a function $$ \,\! f(x,y) = x^2 y^2 +4xy +y^2 $$ $$\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} = 2xy^2 + 4y $$ This is the partial derivative of f with respect to x. In each term we hold any variable other than x constant, and differentiate with respect with x. $$ \,\! f(x,y) = x^2y^2 + 4xy + y^2 $$ $$ \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} = 2x^2y + 4x + 2y $$

Geometry of Partial Derivatives
if f(x,y) is a surface in $$E^3$$, then $$ \frac {\partial f}{\partial x}(a,b) $$ is the slope of the tangent line (or rate of change_ of the curve traced by the intersection of the plane y=b, and the surface f, in the direction parallel to the x-axis, at the point (a,b).

the function $$ \frac{\partial f}{\partial x}(x,y) $$ represents the rate of change of the family of curves traced by the intersection of the planes generated over the domain of y, and the surface f, at the point x.

Symmetry
It is important to notice and provided without proof, that mixed partial second derivatives of a function are symmetric, given the function has continuous second partial derivatives on the disk that contains the region the function is differentiated over. For a function of 2 variable this means: $$ f_{ij} = f_{ji} $$

From this further symmetry relations of higher order functions and their derivatives can be derived. For example, f is a function of 3 variables: fijk = fikj = fjik = fjki

Extrema of Functions
Given a point $$(a,b)$$ that satisfies

$$f_x(a, b) = f_y(a, b) = 0$$

$$(a,b)$$ is called a critical point of $$f$$. We define the quantity $$D(a, b)$$ as $$ \,\! D(a, b) = f_{xx}(a,b)f_{yy}(a,b) - \left(f_{xy}(a,b)\right)^2 $$ If $$D > 0$$ and $$f_{xx} > 0$$, there is a local minimum at $$(a,b)$$. If $$D > 0$$ and $$f_{xx} < 0$$, there is a local maximum at $$(a,b)$$. If $$D < 0$$, $$(a, b)$$ is a saddle point. If $$D = 0$$, further analysis is needed to determine if $$(a, b)$$ is a local minimum, a local maximum, or a saddle point.

Optimization
We study the following function of $$x$$ and $$y$$ to determine its critical points and their nature:

$$f(x, y) = x^2 + 2xy - y + y^3.$$

To locate the critical points of $$f$$, we begin by calculating its first partial derivatives and setting them equal to $$0$$:

(1) $$f_x = 2x + 2y = 0,$$ (2) $$f_y = 2x - 1 + 3y^2 = 0.$$

This is a nonlinear system of equations, but it's fairly easy to solve, as solving for $$x$$ in (1) and plugging into (2) yields the following quadratic equation in $$y$$:

(3) $$y^2 - \frac{2}{3} y - \frac{1}{3} = 0.$$

The solutions of (3) are $$y = 1$$ and $$y = -1/3$$, and since we know that $$x = -y$$ from (1), the two critical points of the function turn out to be $$(-1, 1)$$ and $$(1/3, -1/3)$$. It is now time to determine the nature of these two critical points. We begin by calculating $$D(x, y)$$:

$$f_{xx} = 2,$$ $$f_{yy} = 6y,$$ $$f_{xy} = 2,$$ $$D(x, y) = f_{xx}f_{yy} - \left(f_{xy}\right)^2 = 2\times 6y - 2^2 = 12y - 4.$$

For our first critical point $$(-1, 1)$$, we have:

$$f_{xx}(-1, 1) = 2 > 0,$$ $$D(-1, 1) = 12 \cdot 1 - 4 = 8 > 0,$$

and thus we conclude that there is a local minimum at $$(-1, 1)$$.

For the point $$(1/3, -1/3)$$,

$$f_{xx}(1/3, -1/3) = 2 > 0,$$ $$D(1/3, -1/3) = 12 \cdot (-1/3) - 4 = -8 < 0,$$

and since now $$D(1/3, -1/3) < 0$$, we conclude that $$(1/3, -1/3)$$ is a saddle point of $$f$$.

We now analyze an economics example that uses the method of Lagrange multipliers to optimize a given cost function subject to a production constraint.

In particular, let $$C(K, L) = r K + w L$$ be our cost function subject to the production constraint $$K^{1/2}L^{1/2} = Q$$, where $$Q$$ is the number of units being manufactured, and we wish to know what values of $$K$$ (amount of physical capital) and $$L$$ (quantity of labor used) minimize the cost.

We set up the Lagrange function $$f$$ with Lagrange multiplier $$\lambda$$ as follows:

$$f(K, L, \lambda) = r K + w L - \lambda(K^{1/2}L^{1/2} - Q),$$

and now we set the gradient of $$f$$ equal to zero to find its critical points.

$$f_K = r - \frac{1}{2}\lambda K^{-1/2}L^{1/2} = 0,$$

$$f_L = w - \frac{1}{2}\lambda K^{1/2}L^{-1/2} = 0,$$

$$f_\lambda = Q - K^{1/2}L^{1/2} = 0.$$

From the third equation, we get the two (equivalent) equations

$$K^{1/2} = Q L^{-1/2} \Rightarrow K^{-1/2} = \frac{L^{1/2}}{Q}$$

and now we plug these two equations into our first two equations for $$f_K = 0$$ and $$f_L = 0$$ to yield two equations with two unknowns, $$L$$ and $$\lambda$$. Upon solving them (it is not hard), we obtain

$$ L = \frac{r^{1/2} Q}{w^{1/2}} $$

and

$$ K = \frac{w^{1/2} Q}{r^{1/2}}. $$

The minimum cost is thus

$$C\left(\frac{w^{1/2} Q}{r^{1/2}}, \frac{r^{1/2} Q}{w^{1/2}}\right) = r \frac{w^{1/2} Q}{r^{1/2}} + w \frac{r^{1/2} Q}{w^{1/2}} = (rw)^{1/2}Q + (rw)^{1/2}Q = 2 Q (rw)^{1/2}.$$

title: Multivariable Calculus


text:
User:Inexpiable

Hello and welcome to my page. I have been on Wikipedia for over 12 years now (my first edit was made on November 7, 2011) and have made over 30,000 edits to the site. I am a fan of true crime and mainly contribute to articles about crime in America.

title: User:Inexpiable


text:
Talk:Darryl Duffy

Brechin City
I have a recollection of Daryl Duffy playing for Brechin City around the 2004/05 season, yet there is no mention of this. Does my memory fail me or not? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:18, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Well remembered – according to this he spent time on loan there in 2004 before signing for Falkirk. — Gasheadsteve Talk to me 08:17, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Darryl Duffy


text:
Talk:Armigerous clan

Comments
Wanted to raise the question of whether we should list "incumbent", as armigerous clans have no chief and can therefore not have an incumbent. Thoughts? (Nfras 00:25, 20 March 2006 (UTC))
 * Is there such a title as Much Honourable in reference to Campbell of Craignish? AFAIK there is Honourable, Right Honourable and Most Honourable. (Nfras 05:18, 23 March 2006 (UTC))

I agree the 'Incumbent' section should be removed. But yes, the title 'Much Honoured' not 'Much Honourable' IS the formal Scottish honorific for a feudal Baron.Abc1818 20:50, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * It seems pretty stupid in the extreme that a page listing Armigerous Clans, defined by the fact that they have no Chief or 'incumbent', should have a list with an 'Incumbent' column! Does anyone know how to remove it?Clanmcghee 17:29, 23 June 2007 (UTC)

I have noticed that many of the names on the Armigerous clans list are actually septs of other clans. some of these have never been classed as a clan or had a chief. For exaple MacCulloch. I think these types should be removed from the list as they are septs. MacCulloch is listed in the septs for both Clan Ross and Clan Munro. On the other hand a true Armigeous clan is a clan which once owned territory and did once have a chief. For example the Clan Douglas.

mjgm84 16:24, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

 * We've had this discussion before – they are all, in fact, families rather than clans. The reason that Armigerous clan was introduced as a separate article was that these names are not recognised by the Lord Lyon King of Arms as those of clans, and it was felt that it would be more accurate to differentiate the family names on the original list from those of true Scottish clans. Septs as such do not exist any more. – Agendum 17:12, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I see. Well thats a shame because it means that clans like Clan Douglas with their great clan history get put on the same list as a family name which has never been classed as a clan.mjgm84 13:02, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

French translation
Hi everybody ! I'm currently working on the french Projet Écosse (Scotland Project), and I wondered how you would translate «Armigerous clan» to french ? Thanks ! (or mòran taing if you prefer ;-) ) <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:39, 4 April 2008 (UTC) (aka Stockholm on Wikipedia.fr)

 * No idea. I'd have thought the rootword Armiger is derived from Latin or French, but i don't know for sure. It is such an uncommon word it might be hard to find in an English-French dictionary.--Celtus (talk) 10:41, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Ah, I understand better the meaning of armigerous applied to clans now. So it's a clan that has no chief (definition), but that has a coat of arms nonetheless... if we take the example of Clan MacInnes : «Since there is no Clan Chief, the arms are lodged with Lord Lyon King of Arms.» I don't know if there's a french word for families with a coat of arms but, say, commoners (since the case in which there would be no family chief couldn't exist in pre-Revolutionary France). Though it's quite possible armiger came with the Norman kings. I think I'll ask the advice of wikipedia-heraldists for that. Thanks a lot ! <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:54, 9 April 2008 (UTC) (still Stockholm)

 * Yeah, just so we are clear: these clans aren't the ones with the coat of arms in question - its that these clans once had recognised chiefs who possessed undifferenced arms, but for whatever reason there isn't a suitable claiment for these arms today. I kind of wonder how we are ever going to verify a list like this, because people just add Scottish names to the list with mottoes though without any references. How do we know all the names in the article are actual registered clans who once had a recognised chief? The only list i've seen for 'armigerous clans' is the one on ElecticScotland here. Maybe unless there is reference that says otherwise we should remove any 'clans' which don't show up on that list. I dunno. Good luck on the French article.--Celtus (talk) 08:23, 10 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Right, that's what I had globally understood - it's a clan that once had a chief, who himself had a coat of arms, but there's no one to claim these now. I don't know how the French article will do - but thanks anyway for your help ! <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:59, 13 April 2008 (UTC) (aka Stockholm)

 * I wonder if this list should even include mottos. People are going to assume they are clan mottos, when they actually belong to the chiefs. Since these clans don't currently have recognised chiefs, there's not really any reason to include them in the first place.--Celtus (talk) 09:17, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I edited the list so now it is somewhat verifiable. A couple of the names that were removed had articles written about them, these are: Campbell of Craignish, Clan Hall, Clan Neish, Clan Spalding, Clan Straiton , Clan Udny, Porteous family.--Celtus (talk) 09:12, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Spalding and Straiton back in, noticed the clans are listed on the SCoSC site. The others are not, though.--Celtus (talk) 05:31, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I think mottoes should be listed. Just because they don't now have a Chief doesn't make their historical mottoes not interesting or notable.  This is useful information for WP.  Isoxyl (talk) 19:49, 13 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Thats true they are interesting. But the mottos (supposedly) belonged to someone, that should be made clear somehow.--Celtus (talk) 08:17, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

 * True, I think listing the last Chief would be a good thing too. Good idea! Isoxyl (talk) 13:51, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

 * On the subject of the Name of Newlands on this page -- I entered the fact that Jasper Newlands of that Ilk was recognised as chief in 1469 and gave "Penpont Court Documents, Buccleuch Library" as the reference. This accurate reference has been edited out and replaced with a vaguer date and cites Clanfinder.com. Another ref might be: "The Peerage of Scotland" (see Lord Carlyle). Would that be more acceptable? Clanfinder shows the Newlands tartan but failed to find the crest (a gamecock hooded as a falcon spurred or)as listed in Way and Squire (Scottish Clan and Family Encyclopaedia)or the motto, Honour the Spur (LR 67/92). Hundreds of Newlands family members around the Anglosphere wear the crest badge and tartan. The pipe tune "The Road to Lauriston Castle" (The Clan Newlands March), by Pipe Major Garth Newlands, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada is dedicated to the Name. William Newlands of Lauriston, Lauriston Castle, Kincardineshire, is holder of the undifferenced arms, granted by Lord Lyon Innes of Edingight in 1987. Thistlejacket (talk) 20:25, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The ClanFinder page is only used because the Standing Council of Scottish Chief's page for Newlands is incomplete and doesn't have anything actually written for the clan name. The clanfinder site seems to be have been updated more recently than the council's site. Though for the most part these sites have identical information. This "Penpont Court Documents, Buccleuch Library" is about as vague a reference as they come - how can anyone verify a reference like that? You can't expect a reader to hunt down "documents" in some obscure and unknown library. Making things as verifiable as possible to limits the misinformation that tends to creep in wikipedia articles. If the Scottish Clan and Family Encyclopaedia lists the heraldic motto then that should be used as a reference, with a page number if you can. How is it that William Newlands of Lauriston has been granted undifferenced arms by the Lord Lyon, yet he is not chief of the name, or chief of the clan? Do you mean that he matriculated arms and was appointed Clan Commander by the Lord Lyon? That would be different.--Celtus (talk) 05:08, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Sorry about the Duke of Buccleuch's Library at Drumlanrig being an untraceable source, although well indexed, but "The Scots Peerage" (1904-1914) (correction to book title here) uses the same documents in describing the dispute over water rights in Nithsdale between Jasper Newlandis of that Ilk and Lord Carlyle in 1469 and should be an acceptable reference. "The Scottish Clan and Family Encyclopaedia" describes the heraldic crest and motto at p.441 in the 1994 edition. William Newlands of Lauriston was granted arms by Lyon in 1987. These arms (per saltire gules and or, in chief a cross patty fitchy at foot argent, and in each flank a cross patty fitchy at foot of the first) are the only arms ever recorded by Lyon for the Name of Newlands and are, technically, undifferenced. How is it, you ask, that he can be in this position without being a chief? The answer lies in the last four paragraphs of the Lyon Court document "The Search for Clan Chiefs" (at lyon-court.com) where it says that "The first stage would be for there to be a number of individuals using the same surname to record their own Arms ... derbh fine ... a Commander will be appointed ... a 10 year period must then elapse ..." This is a shorthand way of saying: "If you have members of your scattered worldwide family who are willing to invest many thousands of pounds in research and fees as part of a long-drawn out procedure to find a chief, we might be able to help." The Newlands family, although proud, has not found the money thus far, so they have to put up with a chieftain (wonderfully undefinable title) the only person who has been granted, and later matriculated as baron, Arms of the Name and whose crest-badge they are happy to wear.Thistlejacket (talk) 10:22, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Ok, thanks Thistlejacket, those refs are a lot better. I still don't understand about Newlands of Lauriston's arms and him being a 'chieftain'. Do you have a reference that actually says Newlands of Lauriston was granted "undifferenced arms"? Because, being the only person of a certain surname and granted arms does not make these arms "technically undifferenced". An example i can think of would be that there are no chiefly arms recorded for Macfie and Gunn, yet there have been several grants of arms to people of these names in the last two centuries. None of them are considered chieftains, either. Also, this book on GoogleBooks  from 1830, has two Scottish coats of arms listed for the name Newlands. I noticed, Newlands of Lauriston is listed as a feudal baron . Feudal barons whose baronies existed before 1587, are considered chieftains of their baronies by the Lord Lyon (and entitled to supporters like a clan chief). But Clan Newlands would be something entirely different, wouldn't it? Yeah, i've read the Lord Court website. There are more than a couple clans that the Lord Lyon has appointed Clan Commanders to 'rally' a clan, like Macfie and Gunn. I don't think the Lyon Court website mentions 'clan chieftains' at all. Do you have reference says Newlands of Lauriston has actually been appointed "Clan Chieftain" of Clan Newlands by the Lord Lyon? Here's another example: MacAulay had a Clan Commander appointed by the Lord Lyon, and after this man's death his son was elected "clan chief" by a clan association, but this does not mean he is a Clan Chief, Clan Chieftain, or even a Clan Commander in the eyes of Lyon Court - he isn't any of those. Do you mean that Newlands of Lauriston considers himself a 'clan chieftain', or that a clan association considers him a 'clan chieftain'?--Celtus (talk) 02:52, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

Celtus has started a number of hares running here. Let us pursue a couple of them. On the subject of the arms granted to Newlands of Lauriston, which he later matriculated as baron (see Burke’s Peerage, under Lauriston) it seems that the Lord Lyon, in granting arms to someone of an armigerous clan, the arms of which have been lost (i.e. no one knows what they looked like), makes the assumption that the arms he is granting are the same as those which have been lost. Other grants made later to other members of the clan or name make reference to these arms. The arms granted to McPhees and Gunns all show a family resemblance. The arms granted to William Newlands of Lauriston in 1987 show no resemblance and bear no reference to anything except themselves, but it was accepted by Lord Lyon Innes of Edingight that there had been an earlier armigerous Chief of the Name. These are, therefore, the Arms of the Name, past and present.

Lyon did not say: “Let us postulate that the Arms of Jasper Newlandis of that Ilk were “per saltire, gules and or”. I shall put a note to that effect in Lyon Register. Following upon that ruling, I shall therefore grant William Newlands of Lauriston his arms: “per saltire gules and or, in chief a cross patty fitchy at foot argent and in each flank the same cross of the first”, the crosses being added just to show that he does not hold the original arms.”

It might have been tidier if he had done that, but it doesn’t seem to be the way it works.

Celtus raises the question of Scottish arms of Newlands, as described by Robson in 1830, but these are not in Lyon Register, so therefore outside the scope of the discussion. Were they self-assumed? – we do not know. They bear no similarity to one another in design, which weakens the notion that they were “family arms”.

I described “chieftain” as a “wonderfully undefinable title” in my earlier post. I take as my reference Way and Squire (again) at p.28 of the first edition. “… a judgment of the Appeal Court of the Court of Session in a case concerning Maclean of Adgour, heard initially in 1938 and again in 1941. The Court categorically stated that the title of chieftain, when not synonymous with that of chief, was not determinable before the courts.” And nobody seems to have an accurate and universal definition of a Scottish chieftain.

It is, however, agreed that a Scottish baron is a two-feather man and “chieftain of the country”. Newlands family members who wear the baron’s crest-badge are recorded as his tenants on a plot of land on the barony at Lauriston Castle, part of the estate owned by William Newlands of Lauriston, and therefore become “of the country”. This where their allegiance lies.Thistlejacket (talk) 17:58, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Because someone is the first person to even apply for a grant of arms, doesn't mean that this person possesses a "technically undifferenced" coat of arms. You even started out by stating it was a fact that Newlands of Lauriston holds the undifferenced arms of the name Newlands. Its like your explanations or interpretations are getting more and more vague. Same with how Clan Newlands has to "put up with a chieftain", and making it seem that no one can really define what a chieftain really is. Clans associations don't have to "put up" with anything - they certainly don't need or automatically have clan chieftains before having a Clan Commander appointed by the Lord Lyon. There are procedures to follow, in order to put forward a petition for someone to be recognised Clan Commander, but this has nothing to do with 'chieftains'.

 * A leaflet on crest badges from Lyon Court actually gives a brief description of a chieftain "Chieftains: Heads of large branches of a Clan and Officially Recognised as such by the Lord Lyon King of Arms". Crest badges suitable for clan members are derived from arms that have been recorded at Lyon Court. So if there has been only one grant or arms for the name Newlands, this one coat of arms will be the source of the crest used for a clan members crest badge (until the chiefly arms are actually granted to someone). For example Clan Macfie uses the crest of the first person to be granted arms. Clan MacInnes uses a crest of an armiger, not a chieftain or anything. Hopefully i'm not coming across as insulting. I think this may be something near to your heart. I'm just trying to understand, and learn more about this subject.--Celtus (talk) 05:43, 11 May 2008 (UTC)

To pick up, after some delay, on Celtus’ last point: “I’m just trying to understand, and learn more about this subject.” I think it helps if he understands that the study of the clans, chiefs, their heraldry, history and status, is not a science but more like a faith. The rules change with time and with the opinions of the ayatollahs. Currently changing very rapidly, for example, is the status of the feudal barons, who were raised up in the last century and are now being cut down to size by the Scottish Parliament and the heraldic authorities. All their heraldic additaments have already gone. Also under threat is the idea that a Scottish grant of arms is a patent of nobility. As a family member of a Name which has been careless enough to lose its chief and his lands (two unwise marriages, one land dispute, supporting the wrong side in two dynastic-religious wars, and pouf! everything has gone) it is galling to discover how difficult it is to re-establish credibility in Scotland. We might want to rally round a prospective leader, but how is he/she to emerge? There is no process. There may be a process once the rallying has occurred, one by which the clan association nominates a number of armigerous or landowning members of the Name who form a selection committee and suggest a chief to the Lord Lyon, but there is no way for a scattered family, whose most prosperous members are citizens of the United States, Canada, Australia and Portugal, to do the rallying.

According to today’s version of the rulebook, the selection committee must consist of armigers and Scottish landowners (owners of property outside the burghs). A family with just 6,500 of the Name, although ancient and honourable, does not find this easy. As Celtus suggests, this is something near to my heart. If you are a Mac, it is easy to respond to the increasing tendency for aggressive Scots to question their neighbours’ origins. If you are a Spalding or a Straton, not so easy at all. If members of these families try to rear their heads in a Wikipedia discussion they are soon asked: “Who do you think you are?” -- even though their arms (as is the case with the Stratons) might be among the dozen most ancient in Scotland.

I am glad that Celtus finds it easy to define the word “chieftain”. But the Lyon Court definition which he quotes is contradicted by Lyon's acceptance of barons as chieftains. They wear two eagle feathers in their bonnets at many ceremonial events, and that is definitely the prerogative of a chieftain.

To round up this discussion, I should be grateful if Celtus would be gracious enough to allow me to restore at least some of the original text I entered for the Name of Newlands in the Armigerous Clan entry. I would propose “Jasper Newlandis of that Ilk, 1469, Nithsdale (see The Scots Peerage, under Carlyle)” and “HONOUR THE SPUR (Scottish Clan and Family Encyclopaedia, Way & Squire, 1994, p.441)”.Thistlejacket (talk) 13:26, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I will say one thing on this subject: The Clans are older than Lord Lyon.  Through careful writing in the 20th century, it was made to be "law" that Lyon had some authority (through the power to determine who has the "undifferenced arms") to determine Chiefships.  Undoubtedly, historically each Clan was different in how they approached succession, and no other Clan (and certainly not some aristocrat in Edinburgh) would have been able to have a say about who was Chief besides the members of that Clan.  Still, now with the "ad-hoc derbhfine" process, we are to suppose that this is the only way to "revive" a Clan that has much history.  Frankly, I don't buy it.  There has been skepticism in recent years about Lyon's authority in this, and it is certainly worth considering.  Do we really think every Clan had the same way of choosing a Chief?  Is there really only one way to revive a Clan? My guess is that if you don't apply for the undifferenced arms, you can act outwith Lyon, perfectly reasonably.  And if you're recognized by your Clan, do you have to be recognized by Lyon or the Standing Council to be every bit as much a Chief?  Anyway, I'm not suggesting we need to rewrite this article, only that it subscribes very strongly to the pro-Lyon-as-Adjudicator-of-Chiefs ideas.  Once, I took them as gospel.  Now, I wonder. Isoxyl (talk) 14:15, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

 * If there wasn't a set of procedures, with a court and judge, i wonder if the whole concept of modern clan chiefship would turn to chaos. Endless claims, assumptions, and bickering. It is almost illustrated in the posts above. You'd have one self-styled 'chieftain' with his clan society on one side, another clan association with their 'chieftain' on the other - all claiming the chiefship, chiefly arms, and to represent the same 'clan'. If there wasn't an competent authority to regulate what exactly is a 'clan', and what is a 'clan chief', it wouldn't be long until something like the McCarthy Mor scandal, or something similar, would destroy all credibility to the whole thing.--Celtus (talk) 07:24, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Or, heaven forbid, another Akins of that Ilk. --Heraldic (talk) 17:54, 18 May 2008 (UTC)

 * It certainly is a better alternative to complete chaos and "pretender chiefs." I only wonder if there is a way that Lyon might approach this that isn't so rigid, time-consuming, and requiring of so many people to pay for Arms.  Either way, my opinion is not important.  I think we have to be cautious in approaching any chief that is not recognized by Lyon or the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs.Isoxyl (talk) 20:48, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree. The whole Clan Chief thing is part and parcel of Scotland and its culture & history.  If an individual thinks that they are the chief of a Scottish clan then they need to play by the rules as defined by the Scots.  --Heraldic (talk) 08:18, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

Thanks for your help -- much appreciated. Thistlejacket (talk) 16:40, 18 May 2008 (UTC)

Much of this has now been clarified by the recent Convention of Clan Chiefs in Edinburgh, and we look forward to seeing some useful rulings on the status of the armigerous clans.Thistlejacket (talk) 18:14, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Can you provide links? I'd love to read up on any conclusions or reports of this meeting!  Isoxyl (talk) 03:33, 30 October 2009 (UTC)

Clan Adair
User:<IP_ADDRESS> added Clan Adair to the list. This name doesn't appear on ElectricScotland's list of armigerous families registered with Lyon Court. Though the name turns up on the clanfinder page @ the Standing Council website .--Celtus (talk) 10:26, 15 August 2008 (UTC)

I would NOT rely on electricscotland.com as any kind of authority on this subject. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:17, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

Families not covered here
Some years ago, when this article was entitled Armigerous families, I added the Porteous family, as I was very clear that it is not a Scottish clan but a historic family − and it remained here for a while. However, it was removed some time ago and I am not sure why that was − perhaps I missed an explanation at the time.

I would be interested to know, as Porteous researchers are certain about the family's antiquity (as far back as 1439 anyway), and wonder what the criteria for inclusion are? I have no axe to grind here − if the Lord Lyon's list is regarded as the final word, then so be it. Thanks − Agendum (talk) 08:03, 23 September 2009 (UTC)

Unsubstantiated claims
The article on Armigerous Clans is not cited with reliable sources and makes unsubstantiated claims. It states Block quote "An armigerous Clan refers to a Scotish Clan, family or name which is registered with the court of the Lord Lyon and once had a chief who bore undifferenced arms but does not have a Chief currently recognised by Lyon Court".

This inaccuate, subjective, uncited and unsourced. The term Armigerous Clan was first penned in the Clan and Family Encyclopedia by Way and Plean. It was not defined in this work and within the section on Armigerous clans it included many so called Armigerous Clans and Families which had never had a Chief. The legal status under scots law between clans who once had Chiefs and no longer do and armigerous families whom have never had a chief is exactly the same. To distinguish between them as in the above article is bias and subjective. The term armigerous clan or family simply refers to a family of which a member had been granted armorial bearings at some point in history by the Lord Lyon. The fact that Clan and Family mean the same thing has been judicially determined in MacLean V MacLean of Ardgour case 1938 Scots Law Times 49, In addition, people including Clan Chiefs, and not Clans or families are governed by the Lyon Court. No Clans are "registered with the Court of the Lord Lyon" In addition, the statement that all Chiefs had armorial bearings before 1745 is also uncited and inaccurate. Great Clans such as the Clan Robertson, Clan MacLaren, MacThomases etc never had a Chiefly grant of arms in history until the last 30 or so years ago. It doesnt matter if they were in use but not matriculated with Lyon prior to 1745 as they were required to matriculate them under the Lord Lyon Act of 1672, since 1672. As Sir Thomas Innes of Learney States when discussing the recognition of Clan Chiefs and the importance of them obtaining a grants of arms, Clans, Septs and Regiments of the Scottish Highlands, 1951 ed. P153

Block quote "Confirmation by, or on behalf of, the Ard Righ, the King, as the Fountain of Honour is indispenable to affirm the position of the community as an "honourable clan" in place of a gang of mere ignobles or "lawless limmaris".

A recognised clan is a Chiefly Stem with armigerous branches. An armigerous clan consists of one or more armigerous branches with no Chiefly stem. Its as simple as that.--An goather (talk) 13:44, 29 January 2010 (UTC)

As I understand Lord Lyon there is no such thing as an 'armigerous clan'. From the Lyon web page -

'There is a widespread misconception that a family or a clan can have a family or clan Coat of Arms. Many heraldic and clan web sites and other media suggest that a person has the right to use the family or clan Arms. This is completely incorrect...What is permitted is for a member of a clan to use the clan crest. Usually what is referred to as the clan Coat of Arms is in fact the personal Arms of the chief of the clan which can only be used by the chief.' http://www.lyon-court.com/lordlyon/216.181.html

He has also said "there is no such thing as a clan coat of arms" Lord Lyon information leaflet 10 http://www.scotarmigers.net/pdfs/info-leaflet-10.pdf accessed 23 January 2014.

So if Lord Lyon quite clearly states that Clans do not have 'coats of arms' by definition clans can not be armigerous. This, even more so, is true for the Clan Gunn as they have never had a chief recognised by Lord Lyon... (AlastairJG (talk) 10:26, 9 June 2014 (UTC))

I've gone back to lord Lyon again and checked all sorts of stuff. There is no basis in Lord Lyon for the concept of an 'armigerous clan'. Can anyone find Lord Lyon statements in support of the idea? This article should be removed.(AlastairJG (talk) 15:07, 9 June 2014 (UTC))

Request for separation
Dear: Nfras, Celtus and Thistlejacket: It seems to me that: the subject (of this article) as a whole, as well as each issue in itself, is very well worth being discussed propperly. But it sems to me that these issues are pretty mixed, especially under the heading of French translation. And I guess: these issues will have to be decided on each seperately, based on the relevant pros and cons. I therefore suggest, that someone who understands more of this whole subject than me, takes the time to seperate the issues, contributions and arguments properly.

I also suggest that, in the future, the contributors think about whether a specific contribution concernes the title of the chapter or deserves a seperate chapter.

I also suggest, that each chapter be named, so that the issue can be recognised by the title of the chapter. Steue (talk) 01:12, 20 February 2020 (UTC)

Why do they have no chief?
In studying all contributions in the talk, I found some explanations, but I suggest, that this question be answered in the article. Steue (talk) 01:27, 20 February 2020 (UTC)

Clan Houston is a sept of the Clan MacDonald
Clan Houston is a sept of the Clan MacDonald. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:27, 14 January 2022 (UTC)

Definition
My understanding from Wikipedia was that there are 3 requirements to be defined "armigerous":
 * Registration with the Court of the Lord Lyon
 * Having a chief with undifferenced/plain coat arms
 * Not having a chief currently recognized by the Court of the Lord Lyon

These requirements have been bugging me for some time, especially the third. I decided to contact the office of Lord Lyon and here's what I learned:

1. "An armiger, or to be armigerous in the eyes of the Office of Lord Lyon is to be represented by arms registered with a heraldic authority who are under the auspices of a monarch or government."

2. "to be armigerous is simply to be registered in the Public Records of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland, to to be the senior male line that represents those arms."

3. "A woman can Petition for Arms in her own right. To matriculate it is usually the heir male line. However women can inherit, for example, their father’s Arms if they are the senior line and have no male siblings, even if younger. They must still have the same surname as their father. A woman can use the Arms of their husband as a courtesy."

Based on the third requirement in this article, I was under the impression that to be "armigerous" meant a clan has no recognized chief. This is very misleading.

I guess the definition in this article is somewhat confusing to me. I suggest revising as necessary to make sure it's clear and accurate. I leave this task to the experts on the subject.

ICE77 (talk) 06:58, 18 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Armigerous clan


text:
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Lightware Visual Engineering is a leading manufacturer of DVI, HDMI and DisplayPort matrix switchers, signal extenders and accessories for the professional AV market. Lightware’s goal is to recognize industry needs and develop the highest quality, high performance products by continuously consulting with integrators, rental technicians and design engineers.

Overview
Lightware principally produces Pro-series matrix routers. The technology breaks many standard limitations allowing 60 meters DVI cable on input, Advanced EDID Management, Pixel Accurate Reclocking, LAN, RS-232, RS-422 control, fiber cable powering and more. All signals from Single-Link DVI to the highest resolution Dual-Link DVI can be managed by these routers which deliver the highest quality and performance in signal conditioning, retransmission and are designed for easy system integration. The Hybrid Modular Design means that AV professionals can choose various I/O sizes, video signal types and transport media options. The future-proofed matrix backplanes are able to switch 12.8 Gigabit per second allowing transportation of the next generation HDMI 1.4, 4K x 2K, 3D and Displayport 1.1 video signals. All of Lightware's products utilize pixel by pixel signal transmission from A to B. No latency and no compression ensure the signal is kept to its original quality.

Support
Lightware prides itself on top quality support and it is company policy that all system and product issues (both for end users and resellers) must be solved to complete satisfaction. This is the origin of one of their key principles: Customer satisfaction above all.

Training
Lightware gives educational seminars worldwide which are designed to provide an insight into the specifics, pitfalls and best practices when integrating the major digital video formats. Lightware trainers and engineers respond to all questions using their extensive knowledge of signal transmission.

25G
The 25G is the latest product from Lightware. It is not only a matrix switcher or router. It’s a full signal path infrastructure from end to end. The 25G is capable of receiving Video, Audio, Ethernet, USB KVM, IR, CEC and RS-232 signals through a single HDMI, CAT, or optical cable and routing these from 160 inputs to 160 outputs. On top of this additional layers are added for each signal type allows for multiple signal types to come in on one input and be routed to any output independently of each other. These layers add a new dimension to the switching capabilities; the 25G effectively contains a separate 160x160 matrix switch for each different signal type.

The 25G can accept many video formats such as analog VGA, Interlaced Composite Video, DVI, Dual-Link DVI, HDMI 1.4 with 3D, SDI, 3G-SDI and/or DisplayPort 1.1/1.2. It has 3 channels for audio: embedded audio, forward audio(a separate S/PDIF channel), and return audio. The Ethernet acts as a 320 port switcher which can be divided up into separate VLANs. The other signals can also be divided to allow or restricted access of different users. Specific inputs can also be restricted from specific outputs effectively creating virtual matrices with the capability of having such matrices overlap one another.

Awards
Lightware’s UMX4x4-Pro professional universal matrix switcher was highly recommended at the 2012 EMEA InAVation Awards.

Lightware’s MX-FR80R digital crosspoint router frame was highly recommended at the 2011 EMEA InAVation Awards.

title: User:FKnight88/sandbox


text:
Slovio

Slovio is a newly-constructed language created by linguist Mark Hučko. It is an international auxiliary language primarily created to help Slavic speakers communicate. The grammar of Slovio is similar to Esperanto, but the vocabulary is derived from the most common words from Slavic languages, that of the largest European-language group.

The name of the language, Slovio, comes from the old-Slavic word "slovo" which means "word".

Table of contents

 * /Introduction/
 * /Basics/
 * /Alphabet and pronunciation/
 * /Introducing yourself/
 * /Asking questions/

title: Slovio


text:
Database tuning

Database tuning describes a group of activities used to optimize and homogenize the performance of a database. It usually overlaps with query tuning, but refers to design of the database files, selection of the database management system (DBMS) application, and configuration of the database's environment (operating system, CPU, etc.).

Database tuning aims to maximize use of system resources to perform work as efficiently and rapidly as possible. Most systems are designed to manage their use of system resources, but there is still much room to improve their efficiency by customizing their settings and configuration for the database and the DBMS.

I/O tuning
Hardware and software configuration of disk subsystems are examined: RAID levels and configuration, block and stripe size allocation, and the configuration of disks, controller cards, storage cabinets, and external storage systems such as SANs. Transaction logs and temporary spaces are heavy consumers of I/O, and affect performance for all users of the database. Placing them appropriately is crucial.

Frequently joined tables and indexes are placed so that as they are requested from file storage, they can be retrieved in parallel from separate disks simultaneously. Frequently accessed tables and indexes are placed on separate disks to balance I/O and prevent read queuing.

DBMS users and DBA experts
DBMS tuning refers to tuning of the DBMS and the configuration of the memory and processing resources of the computer running the DBMS. This is typically done through configuring the DBMS, but the resources involved are shared with the host system.

Tuning the DBMS can involve setting the recovery interval (time needed to restore the state of data to a particular point in time), assigning parallelism (the breaking up of work from a single query into tasks assigned to different processing resources), and network protocols used to communicate with database consumers.

Memory is allocated for data, execution plans, procedure cache, and. It is much faster to access data in memory than data on storage, so maintaining a sizable cache of data makes activities perform faster. The same consideration is given to work space. Caching execution plans and procedures means that they are reused instead of recompiled when needed. It is important to take as much memory as possible, while leaving enough for other processes and the OS to use without excessive paging of memory to storage.

Processing resources are sometimes assigned to specific activities to improve concurrency. On a server with eight processors, six could be reserved for the DBMS to maximize available processing resources for the database.

Automatic DB tuning
Utilizes machine learning to learn to evaluate performance under various workloads.

Database maintenance
Database maintenance includes backups, column statistics updates, and defragmentation of data inside the database files.

On a heavily used database, the transaction log grows rapidly. Transaction log entries must be removed from the log to make room for future entries. Frequent transaction log backups are smaller, so they interrupt database activity for shorter periods of time.

DBMS use statistic histograms to find data in a range against a table or index. Statistics updates should be scheduled frequently and sample as much of the underlying data as possible. Accurate and updated statistics allow query engines to make good decisions about execution plans, as well as efficiently locate data.

Defragmentation of table and index data increases efficiency in accessing data. The amount of fragmentation depends on the nature of the data, how it is changed over time, and the amount of free space in database pages to accept inserts of data without creating additional pages.

title: Database tuning


text:
Talk:Manometer

A whole bunch of other languages uses this as the article title, but having them link to "Pressure measurement" is not a solution. BP OMowe (talk) 00:28, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * "Manómetro", "manomètre", "manômetro", "manometro", "manometer" and other such words do not all mean the same. In English, it has generally meant a liquid-filled single-column device or a U-tube. In many other languages, it has been used for pressure measurement devices in general. Links to here would often be links to a false friend, but links to pressure measurement are appropriate. NebY (talk) 08:17, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Manometer


text:
Talk:David Darling (musician)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on David Darling (musician). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060512042222/http://www.worldmusic.net/home/features/darling.html to http://www.worldmusic.net/home/features/darling.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:04, 17 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Darling (musician)


text:
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Humanities/2020 August 8

= August 8 =

Very large index fund investment
There are a bunch of scandals related to CalPERS, the pension fund for California state employees, with around $400 billion in its portfolio. Most recently its CIO abruptly quit for the proverbial "family reasons" after some credible claims of improprieties. My question: what if they just drop the whole pretense of being active investors, (figuratively) call up e-Trade, and say the want to plop $400B into index funds? Could the funds themselves absorb that large a deposit without becoming distorted? Any other issues? According to the ancient A Random Walk Down Wall Street their expected return should be about as good as anything else you can do, so I've never understood the point of doing anything else if that's your investment goal. Thanks. 2602:24A:DE47:BB20:50DE:F402:42A6:A17D (talk) 01:20, 8 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I know with insurance companies, by regulation they’re required to keep a certain amount in reserve and uninvested in order to maintain solvency. I believe they’re slow limited in the kinds of investments they can make, like how volatile the investments are or perhaps a minimum market cap before investing, just to ensure the bottom is less likely to fall out from under them in a panic and keep them from, say, dumping everything into Bitcoin. The same is certainly true of pension funds. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:22, 8 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Well, ok, but there is a huge CalPERS investment staff and a ton of intrigue about their steering investment money to their money manager cronies etc. Obviously they have to follow the law, but I'm asking whether they can do that in the rather obvious ways that a regular person with some modest savings could also do, e.g. "talk to Chuck" or use a robo advisor.  Apparently Jeffrey Epstein did something like that (pitched himself as a wizard, but actually just parked his clients' billions in a basic mix of index funds rather than crazy gambles like Madoff, so they did fine and never suspected).  It makes me think that the "hot shots" are trading on either insider info or dumb luck.  I'm not especially smart about this stuff myself though. 2602:24A:DE47:BB20:50DE:F402:42A6:A17D (talk) 04:43, 8 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I really don’t know. I might not be understanding your question entirely. But for me the key research question would be to look into what the regulations on investment are for pension funds—whether just in California or in general. I suspect, but am not certain, that not only the amount the fund may invest is regulated but the kinds of investments probably are, as well as how they must diversify their investments. The key in regulation of funds is almost always geared towards solvency first, then anything else. Because the main thing the state wants to prevent is the fund from bouncing checks to beneficiaries. The amount of social harm and panic that causes is orders of magnitude worse than a run-of-the-mill clout scandal. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:01, 8 August 2020 (UTC)

The amount of money CALPERS has to (and, "must") invest would move markets if it were concentrated in one financial product (say, a tech fund), or even just with one financial adviser. More, concentration raises risks very sharply: imagine a COVID-type event in tech, or a financial adviser named Bernie Madoff. People responsible for other people's retirement funds don't like unnecessary risks. DOR (HK) (talk) 17:11, 9 August 2020 (UTC)

CalPERS itself is an investment fund; there's little need to pay other investment companies like Vanguard money to do what CalPERS can do itself. A mutual fund is just a vehicle for people to pool their money (hence the "mutual" part) and invest. Now, if CalPERS management thought, say, Vanguard was really good at efficiently managing their funds, they could hire Vanguard to manage CalPERS's money for them. They wouldn't go open an account on Vanguard's website and wire in $400 billion.

On a slight tangent, CalPERS can invest in many ways that a standard U.S. mutual fund can't. Stock mutual funds are only legally allowed to "buy and hold" stocks listed on public exchanges. Accredited investors can do lots of other things: borrow money and invest it (buying on margin), short stocks, invest in derivatives and less-liquid things like real estate, etc. Pension funds sometimes just buy companies outright, or take large stakes. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:49, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

 * If you're interested in the performance of "index funds" versus "actively managed investments", you may be interested in SPIVA. It attempts to systemically rate the "actively-managed" sector against the passive "benchmarks" they aspire to beat/outperform.
 * From the little I've read on the topic, it seems that when dealing with the large cap section of the stock market, very few "active managers" consistantly outperform the index. Large-cap stocks are heavily-researched and heavily-traded, so the end result is a reasonably efficient market. The price is generally a reasonable reflection of the stock's value, and its risk/return potential. Significant "mis-pricing" is rare.
 * However, when it comes to small cap stocks, the picture can be very different. Small-caps are by nature higher-risk - there is often a lot less known about a small company than a large one. Ergo, good research, and smart stock-picking, can potentially significantly improve investment outcomes.
 * Unfortunately for big mutual funds, investing in small-caps is not always practical. Given that they have billions to invest, they might as well buy the small-cap firm outright. Some do exactly this. This can have negative side effects; at this point, the fund ceases to be an "investor" in the firm, but is now the full-fledged owner, with all the risks (and rewards) that this entails. Eliyohub (talk) 15:55, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Why do large stonks sometimes overshoot when they crash? Brief inefficiency? Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 17:11, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I don't know for sure, but see our article on Flash crashes for a possible explanation. (People have apparently made millions by fooling high-frequency trading bots, for example). Eliyohub (talk) 17:34, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

cheerleaders in the medical field
I saw this video on YouTube. It made me wonder how many former NBA cheerleaders also now work in the medical field. I need help finding some as part of a project for Inside Edition. If anyone out there could help me, I'd really appreciate it, please. Thank you.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:44, 8 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Not the NBA, but this list (of unknown reliability) gives NFL cheerleaders who became doctors. Clarityfiend (talk) 06:32, 8 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Alpe

Etymology
. Less likely from 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬.

Proper noun

 * 1) Alps
 * 2) Albanian Alps
 * 1) Albanian Alps
 * 1) Albanian Alps

Etymology
From.

title: Alpe


text:
xenograft

Noun

 * 1) A tissue graft taken from a species different from that of the recipient.

Translations

 * German:

Verb

 * 1) To perform a tissue graft using tissue taken from a species different from that of the recipient.

title: xenograft


text:
perfoliate

Etymology
, from + the feminine of.

Adjective

 * 1)  Appearing to have the stem passing through the blade.
 * 2)  Having the leaf round the stem at the base.
 * 3)  Surrounded by a circle of hairs, etc.

Derived terms

 * perfoliate bellwort

Translations

 * French:

title: perfoliate


text:
User:2011wp/Log

This is a log of all speedy deletion nominations made by this user using Twinkle's CSD module.

If you no longer wish to keep this log, you can turn it off using the preferences panel, and nominate this page for speedy deletion under CSD U1.

July 2012

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August 2012

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title: User:2011wp/Log


text:
Talk:Justice (tarot card)

Untitled
I removed the "Examples" section since it was entirely Original Research which Wikipedia does not allow. I left the "mythopoeteic interpretation" section because that may have come from a reputable source but it seems to be something based on personal interpretation like the "Examples" section. - DNewhall

Unverifiable and unbalanced content
The article is just personal opinions from an occult enthusiast about the nature and meaning of a particular tarot card. No peer reviewed books or journal articles are cited. No references or footnotes are given. When a new statement is added, the source needs to be cited, and the source needs to be verifiable, and reliable. Waite is not an unbiased, factual source on the history or evolution of tarot cards. The work can be cited properly, however: "Waite's opinion in his book The Pictorial Key to the Tarot ... etc" The other sources are definitely of questionable academic weight.

The card in question has a history of over 500 years in European card games in which it is used as trump card (see Tarocchi). The article is unbalanced in that it only features the recent uses of the card for divination. This makes the article biased due to its recentism. Since the article ignores use of the card for game play in Europe and other parts of the world, it offers an anglo-american perspective that raises NPOV issues. There are academic sources and sources from international organizations discussing the history and evolution of the "Justice" card as well as its use in games. Such sources need to be utilized. - Parsa 07:47, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Copyediting
Levalley (talk) 00:59, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

This article needs a lot more than just copyediting. I tried to help out with citations, etc., where I knew them - but it needs way more. If further copyediting is needed, contact me or the copyediting guild.Levalley (talk) 01:22, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

moved refs
References should be in line. The following have been removed from the ref section

 * A. E. Waite's 1910 Pictorial Key to the Tarot
 * Hajo Banzhaf, Tarot and the Journey of the Hero (2000)
 * Most works by Joseph Campbell
 * G. Ronald Murphy, S.J., The Owl, The Raven, and The Dove: Religious Meaning of the Grimm's Magic Fairy Tales (2000)
 * Riane Eisler, The Chalice and the Blade (1987)
 * Mary Greer, The Women of the Golden Dawn
 * Merlin Stone, When God Was A Woman
 * Robert Graves, Greek Mythology
 * Angel "Demi" Anderson, The Justice Card
 * Juliette Wood, Folklore 109 (1998):15-24, The Celtic Tarot and the Secret Tradition: A Study in Modern Legend Making (1998)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:The Fool (Tarot card) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 13:33, 11 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Justice (tarot card)


text:
French/Grammar/Tenses/Imperfect subjunctive

Usage of the Imperfect Subjunctive
The subjunctive imperfect is very rarely employed in French; generally it only appears in literature and is viewed as archaic. It can in all instances be replaced by the subjunctive present. The subjunctive imperfect is employed in any instance in which the subjunctive is required, provided the trigger verb is in a past tense. In the example "Il fallait que le garçon allât à l'école", the subjunctive trigger verb "falloir" is in the imperfect, thus "aller" has been conjugated in the subjunctive imperfect. French speakers would normally express this as "Il fallait que le garçon aille à l'école", where "aller" has been conjugated in the present subjunctive.

Imperfect Subjunctive Stems

 * For regular -er verbs, the imperfect subjunctive stem is the conjugation of the verb in the 3rd person singular form of the simple past
 * For regular -ir verbs, regular -re verbs and irregular verbs, the imperfect subjunctive stem is the conjugation of the verb in the 3rd person singular form of the simple past with the final "t" removed.

Imperfect Subjunctive Endings

 * To conjugate the imperfect subjunctive, add the appropriate ending to the imperfect subjunctive stem.

Imperfect Subjunctive Endings

Irregular Conjugations

 * The verb venir is only irregular in the 3rd person singular.

Imperfect Subjunctive of Venir

Francés/Gramática/El verbo/Tiempos/L'imparfait du subjonctif


text:
Bloom Clock

The Bloom Clock is a research and learning project about flowering plants. The research component is aimed at creating a language for discussing the bloom times of wildflowers and other plants that is neutral in respect to climate, region, and hemisphere, while the learning project aspect is aimed at helping people identify plants using visual keys.

To participate, read the page on /How to Contribute/, then go to the /Contributors/ page and sign in, and then start adding your records in either of two ways:
 * 1) Participants who know plants fairly well (including the scientific names) can log bloom sightings on the current text-based clock or using the /Master List/.
 * 2) Participants can also use the keys, which can help you narrow down and identify plants through simple characteristics and photographic images.

If you want to use the clock to identify a flower you saw today, try using the /Keys/!

If you are interested in improving the clock or have questions and comments about it, please join us on the /Project Discussion/ page.

What are Bloom Clocks?
Bloom clocks are kept by gardeners, ecologists, and others to record the time of year different plants are in bloom.

How are bloom clocks helpful?
The data from bloom clocks tell us about both the plants themselves, and the region in which a particular plant is growing.
 * Knowing when a plant blooms (relative to other plants) is helpful for garden designers.
 * Knowing when nectar-producing plants bloom is useful for farmers, orchardists, and beekeepers who want to ensure a continual supply of nectar.
 * Knowing when wind-pollinated plants bloom can help those with allergies (and the doctors that treat them) predict when pollen will be a problem. A major example of this is that in most parts of North America, goldenrods (showy, yellow flowers that don't cause allergies) tend to bloom at the same time as ragweeds (which have green, non-showy flowers, and do cause allergies).
 * In Integrated Pest Management (a strategy used by farmers and gardeners in pest and disease control), bloom clocks can provide phenological cues which tell the farmer or gardener when to look out for a certain pest. For example, if a certain pest generally emerges at the same time as a particular plant is blooming, the farmer or gardener will know to check susceptible crops and plants for signs of the pest.
 * Patterns in the variation of bloom times with temperature or day length can reveal aspects of plant physiology and growth season relevant to modeling plant response to the environment. Such models help reveal seasonal roles plants play in microclimates and in cycles of nutrients and water.
 * Bloom times can be used as indicators for monitoring changes of local and regional climate. Flowers have been blooming earlier in the 21st century, indicating accelerating climate change.

How can the Wikiversity Bloom Clock help support other Wikimedia projects?

 * When the Bloom Clock project was developed, it was hoped that original research could support other Wikimedia projects. It is possible, but not in this format. See WikiJournal for the accepted approach necessary to support other Wikimedia projects. The following comments represent the goals of this project when it was developed.

 * For the Wikipedias and garden books on the Wikibooks, the bloom clock data can eventually yield a "geographically neutral" language for discussing the flowering times of plants, which will be helpful in writing articles.
 * For Wikimedia Commons, the visual interface pages can help uploaders identify plants (by using DynamicPageLists for flowers of certain colors and seasons).

How can a bloom clock be created on Wikiversity?
If there are enough participants, all it should require is for bloom watchers to note any plants they noticed to be in bloom on a particular day, with information on their location specific enough to determine the local growing degree days and day length, which are the two factors plants respond to. Precipitation reports may also be handy for some climates.

Each report can then be organized to reduce the effects of anomalous data, allowing us to generate geographical "zones" that can eventually be used when describing a plant's expected bloom time in a particular region.

Data can be extrapolated any number of times. Many different species can be used, because they can be correlated to the bloom times of other species over time.

Hypothesis

 * Plants may be classified into groups that can accurately predict bloom dates according to geographical zones.
 * There will be 2 sorts of zones for most plants: a day-length zone and a growing-degree-day zone (gdd-zone).
 * Some plants will not fit into this system.

Plant behaviors

 * Some plants bloom according to growing degree days.
 * Some plants bloom according to day length.
 * Some plants bloom according to various conditions.
 * The gene Apetala1 controls the processes responsible for blooming based on environmental cues.

Methods

 * Collect data.
 * Collate data.
 * Establish zones.

Further testing

 * Check plant bloom times in areas not previously checked, but in the same zones.

title: Bloom Clock


text:
antilopa

Noun

 * 1) antelope

Noun

 * 1) antelope

Noun

 * 1) antelope (any of several African mammals of the family )

title: antilopa


text:
Eudendrium terranovae

Eudendrium terranovae is a marine species of cnidaria, a hydroid (Hydrozoa) in the family Eudendriidae.

title: Eudendrium terranovae


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2019 World Wrestling Championships – Men's freestyle 79 kg

The men's freestyle 79 kilograms is a competition featured at the 2019 World Wrestling Championships, and was held in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan on 21 and 22 September.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

Results

 * Legend
 * F — Won by fall

Repechage

 * Dmytrii Tkachenko of Ukraine originally finished 11th, but was disqualified later.