text:
Qahhor Mahkamov

Qahhor Mahkamov (Кахар Махкамович Махкамов, Қаҳҳор Маҳкамов; alternative spelling Kahar Mahkamov; 16 April 1932 – 8 June 2016) was a Tajik politician who served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan from 1985 to 1991 and was the first President of Tajikistan from November 1990 until his fall in the August 1991 coup.

Early life and career
Mahkamov was born into a working-class family in the northern city of Khujand on 16 April 1932. He graduated from Dushanbe Industrial Technicom in 1949 and from the Leningrad Mining Institute in 1952 with a degree in engineering. He worked as a professor, head engineer, and director of a mine in Isfara. In 1957 he became a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and quickly worked his way into the high ranks of the Communist Party of Tajikistan, becoming head of the prestigious Committee of the Representatives of the Workers of Leninabad. In 1963 Mahkamov was appointed to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Tajikistan and from 1963 until 1982 he was Head of the Central Planning and the Vice-Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Soviet Tajikistan, one of the most powerful positions in the republic.

First Secretary
In 1985, Rahmon Nabiyev was ousted in a corruption scandal as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan and Mahkamov was chosen to succeed him. Mahkamov's tenure was one of the most turbulent in the republic's history. His accession to power coincided with that of Mikhail Gorbachev and the advent of Perestroika and Glasnost. During Mahkamov's reign in power Tajikistan saw a surge in nationalism, which culminated in the passage of the 1989 ‘’Language Law’’ that designated Tajik the state language of the republic. This law elicited a great deal of fear among the population and an exodus of the non-Central Asian population began, especially amongst ethnic Russians, Jews and Germans.

The greatest threat to Mahkamov's power came during the February 1990 Dushanbe riots that rocked the capital. Tajik youths clashed with non-Tajiks and battles were fought in the streets of Dushanbe between rioters and police and soldiers, resulting in dozens of deaths. Mahkamov oversaw a crackdown on Islamic fundamentalists and a lengthy curfew was put in place.

Presidency
He served as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (head of state) from 12 April to 30 November 1990. As part of the political reforms that Gorbachev was instituting the Supreme Soviet of Tajikistan appointed Mahkamov the first President of Tajikistan on 30 November 1990. Mahkamov's fall from power came in August 1991 when he supported the failed August Coup by hardliners in Moscow. Protestors took to the streets and demanded Mahkamov's ouster from power and on August 31, 1991 he resigned his positions as President and First Secretary.

Post-presidency
Mahkamov then retired from politics and sat on the sidelines during the ensuing political instability and Civil War in Tajikistan. After his resignation, he retired and was given a pension of 1,000 Soviet rubles. According to him, by 1993-1994 he actually lost his pension. At this time, he worked as an assistant and adviser to an entrepreneur.

In 2000, Mahkamov was appointed a member of the National Assembly of Tajikistan by the order of the President Emomali Rahmon. As the oldest member of the assembly, he often opened and managed the first session until a chairman was elected, serving as the de facto "Father of the House".

Death
He died on 8 June 2016 at the age of 84, after suffering a long illness. Rahmon send a telegram of condolences to his family, saying he will "forever remain in the memory of the people of Tajikistan as a modest person, a qualified specialist and a caring leader.” The funeral took place the following day, at the Khoja Yakub Central Cathedral Mosque of Dushanbe. The Janaza was personally conducted by the Supreme Mufti of Tajikistan Saidmukarram Abdulkodirzoda. The funeral was attended by several thousand people, among whom were many current and former officials. He was buried at Sari Osiyo Cemerery.

Personal life
His wife Gavkhar Shakirovna Makhkamova  (1934-2013) was a Tatar from Kyrgyzstan, serving as a mining specialist. They met in Shurab in 1949 and were married for 63 years. They had three children: Amir, Rinat and Rano. Amir is a civil engineer living in the United States, Rinat works in St. Petersburg and while Rano is a graduate from the Moscow Conservatory.

Awards

 * Four Orders of the Red Banner of Labor
 * Honored Engineer of Tajikistan.

title: Qahhor Mahkamov


text:
Talk:Circus World (film)

Untitled
THE ROLE OF LILI ALFREDO INITIALLY WAS GIVEN TO LILI PALMER, BUT HE DID RITA HAYWORTH A PROPOSAL FROM JOHN WAYNE. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:36, 17 March 2011 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Circus World (film)


text:
premente

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) urgent
 * 2) pressing, compressing
 * 3)  distressful
 * 1)  distressful

title: premente


text:
User:Ajjya1234

Name:-Ajay Chaure DOB:-7th July 1999 Place of Birth:-Vitthalvadi City:-Osmanabad State:-Maharashtra Country:-India

title: User:Ajjya1234


text:
Internet Technologies/SSH

SSH is a secure replacement for Telnet and rsh. All communications between the client and server are encrypted. To access an SSH client (usually OpenSSH) in most Unix OSs, type  in a terminal window. If you don't specify the username, the user that entered the command will be used. In Windows, you will need to download a 3rd-party utility such as PuTTY or Cygwin. Find more information in the ssh(1) man page. On other Operating Systems (smart phones for example), you will have to use a webbased client. There are several SSH apps for Android, including ConnectBot, Dropbear, ServerAssistant, and the Telnet / SSH Simple Client.

Uses
SSH is actually so much more than just a way to access a remote shell securely. It can be used for lots of other ways to transfer information securely.

Using SSH
The secure shell client is conveniently called. It is typically used to access a remote host. A typical usage of  is

This means that the client intends to login as  on   machine. On successful authentication, an SSH session is established between the client and the.

Rsync and SFTP are the two recommended ways to transfer files, since there are unfixable flaws with SCP.

Using SFTP
SFTP has nothing to do with FTP. SFTP merely works like FTP, meaning you use it as you would FTP. Using SFTP requires only the SSH server. The FTP server is irrelevant to SFTP. Files are transferred as binary by default.

Using Rsync
"rsync" is not part of the SSH suite but is nearly ubqiquitous. It uses SSH to secure connections when transferring to or from a remote system.

or

One of the best parts of "rsync" is that it only transfers any changes, if an earlier version the file is on the destination. That saves on time and bandwidth. There are a lot of useful options for "rsync" including the -a option which combines recursive copying with preserved times, attributes, owner, and group, among others.

Using SCP
The SSH suite still includes a neat utility "scp", which stands for secure copy, which has a great way to copy files between machines. In recent version it is a wrapper for SFTP but it works almost exactly like the default unix  command. also allows you to copy a file from a remote host to a remote host. An example of :

which means copy files from  directory in user's home directory on the host.com machine (it will copy ALL files from the files/ directory) to the CWD (current working directory).

Another great use is to use it to encrypt the transport of any data from one machine to another. As an extreme example, you can use SSH to remotely move a disk from one machine to another (akin to ghost, but securely). This may not be the best use of SSH, or the fastest way to transfer data from one machine to another over a network, but it shows you how powerful SSH can be.

, aka Secure Copy, works just like. Note : If your filename contains spaces then, use scp like this:- Note : If you want to copy the whole directory then use
 * Copy to a remote host - You must use the colon. REMOTE_PATH is not necessary and all REMOTE_PATHs are relative to the user's home directory.
 * Copy from a remote host ,
 * Copy from a remote host ,
 * file name is /media/sda6/Tutorials/Linux Unix/linux_book.pdf then destination directory is home/narendra/data
 * file name is /home/narendra/linux_book.pdf then destination directory is /media/Tutorials/Linux Unix/
 * file name is /home/narendra/linux_book.pdf then destination directory is /media/Tutorials/Linux Unix/

Creating SSH Keys
Although SSH can be used with passwords, doing so is not recommended, and many servers will not allow password logins. Instead, use a key - this is more secure, and more convenient.

To create an SSH key ,

Most modern Unix systems include the OpenSSH client. To generate a key, run:

$ ssh-keygen

This will store your private key in $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa, and your public key in $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. You can use different filenames, but these are the default filenames, so it's easiest to not change them.

Permissions
Because the security of your private key is so important, SSH will not work if file permissions are insecure. SSH will create files and directories with the appropriate permissions, but sometimes things will go wrong. To fix permission issues:

$ chmod 600 ~/.ssh/KEY ~/.ssh/KEY.pub $ chmod 700 ~/.ssh

Establish Trust
To log into a remote server using SSH keys, you'll need to put the public key on that server's list of authorized keys.

In other words, you need to append a copy of your local  file to the end of the remote   file.

Transfer Method A: ssh-copy-id
The easiest way to do that is using. This requires some alternate form of authentication, usually password (since you haven't got a key on the server you cannot use key authentication yet).

Transfer Method B: Step-by-step
The hard way to do that is to manually do each step that the above  command does automatically for you:

 * First create the remote  folder on the destination server, if it does not already exist:

 * Next upload your PUBLIC key only (not your private key).

 * Then append your PUBLIC key to the server's list of authorized keys:

Advanced *nix users could do all those steps in one line:

SSH Personal Configuration
You don't need to set up a ~/.ssh/config file, but it makes authentication easier. The important part is to specify your user name and your private key - if this is specified in the config file, you needn't provide it on the command line. Using HostName, you can shorten the ssh command to: $ ssh servername

Example
Host Short_Name HostName server1.example.com User domain\username IdentityFile ~/.ssh/KEY
 * 1) Specific configuration applied to one host
 * 2) This configuration applies specifically to a host which uses Windows Domain login

Host *.example.com User domain\username IdentityFile ~/.ssh/%h_KEY
 * 1) Use this login as default for all hosts in the one domain
 * 2) It will look for a key with the hostname in the key's file name

Host localnetwork <IP_ADDRESS>/24 User USERNAME IdentityFile ~/.ssh/key_37_rsa AddKeysToAgent yes ForwardX11 yes # In a pesky lab environment, add the following to your config # CheckHostIP no
 * 1) Generic configuration that applies to my private LAN.
 * 2) Of note, the options to forward X11 lets you run remote graphical
 * 3) programs while viewing and interacting with them locally.

Host * IdentitiesOnly yes ServerAliveCountMax 2 ServerAliveInterval 20 You can now ssh into  with just. The configuration options are chosen on a first-match basis, so put very specific rules torwards the beginning and more general rules towards the end.
 * 1) Catch-all settings which apply these settings to all hosts,
 * 2) if the particular option has not yet already been set.
 * 3) If there are a lot of keys in the SSH agent, then IdentitiesOnly is needed

Using an SSH Agent
Most desktop environments provide SSH agents automatically these days. So if you wish to see the details, look for the environment variables $SSH_AUTH_SOCK and $SSH_AGENT_PID, though only the former is used for connecting to it and must be available in to any program which needs to connect to the agent.

Keys can be added to the agent easily manually,

Or they can be added automatically on first use by setting AddKeysToAgent to "yes" in the appropriate rule set in the client configuration file.

However, keep in mind that once you go over six keys in the agent, special considerations have to be taken to keep the agent from trying the wrong keys in the wrong order and preventing logging in. Specifically, IdentitiesOnly should be set to "yes" for each host, ideally using the client configuration file. See below.

Public-key cryptography
The most significant difference between SSH and Telnet & "rsh" is in the realm of security. SSH uses RSA, EcDSA, or Ed25519 for public-key cryptography.

 * The server or domain to which you are trying to connect generates a pair of keys (public and private) for a client.
 * The public key is given to the client the first time it tries to connect. The corresponding private key is a secret and kept with the server.
 * The client sends the packets of data by encrypting it through the public key and this data is decrypted by using the corresponding private key stored there.

Communication from the server to the client is also possible in the same way — the server encrypts using the client's public key and the client decrypts using it's private key.

Setting up OpenSSH with public key cryptography
The following presumes physical access to the server or some out-of-band equivalent.

With your distro's package manager, install sshd (or openssh-server) on the server, and on the client install ssh (or openssh-client). It is likely that they're already installed since they're usually part of the distro's default installation for servers and workstations respectively. Be sure the following is in /etc/ssh/sshd_config on the server and uncommented there. That is to say, that there's no # in front of them: PubkeyAuthentication yes PasswordAuthentication no Tip: If the username that you are logging in as on the server is the same as the one you're currently using on the client, you don't need to specify the user to log in as on the server.
 * 1) On the server,
 * 2) Open TCP port 22 on the server for incomming connections. This varies depending on your firewall. on-standard port.
 * 3) If the server is behind a router with DHCP:
 * 4) Stop using DHCP and assign a static IP address to your server. See the Gentoo Handbook or Arch Linux Wiki for instructions if you do not know how.
 * 5) Forward external TCP port 22 (or another port) on your router to port 22 on your server.
 * 6) Over on the client, create and test the a client key pair
 * 7) On the client command line, run   ("rsa" is the default, it is not necessary to explicitly specify "rsa").  Consider annotating the key pair with a comment using the   option.
 * 8) Copy the public key to removable media and transfer that media to the server and mount it.  Copy the public key to the server, say to ~/.ssh/server.key there.  Then append the key to the authorized_keys file,
 * 9) Back over on the client, test that the new key works:
 * 10) (Re)start the sshd service.
 * 11) Log in again from the client using the key

SSH as a Proxy
If you can make an SSH connection, you can (most likely) use that connection as a SOCKS5 proxy, without any extra setup on the remote computer. Traffic can then be tunneled securely through the SSH connection. If you are on a wireless connection, you can use this to effectively secure all your traffic from snooping. You can also use this to bypass IP restrictions, because you will appear to be connecting from the remote computer. Note that DNS traffic is not tunneled, unless specific provisions are made to do so.

Pick some big port number (bigger than 1024 so you can use it as non-root). Here I choose 1080, the standard SOCKS port. Use the  option for dynamic port forwarding.

That's it. Now as long as the SSH connection is open, your application can use a SOCKS proxy on port 1080 on your own computer (localhost). For example, in Firefox on Linux:
 * go to Edit -> Preferences -> Advanced -> Network -> Connection -> Settings...
 * check "Manual proxy configuration"
 * make sure "Use this proxy server for all protocols" is cleared
 * clear "HTTP Proxy", "SSL Proxy", "FTP Proxy", and "Gopher Proxy" fields
 * enter "<IP_ADDRESS>" for "SOCKS Host", and "1080" (or whatever port you chose) for Port.

SSH from your webbrowser
You can also use ssh from a webbrowser with javascript support even when you don't have a secure shell client. In order to do this you have to install AnyTerm, AjaxTerm or WebShell on the system where the SSH server is running or use a third party service like WebSSH.

title: Internet Technologies/SSH


text:
USA-135

USA-135, also known as GPS IIA-19, GPS II-28 and GPS SVN-38, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the last of nineteen Block IIA GPS satellites to be launched.

Background
Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clock navigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55.0°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.

GPS Block 2 was the operational system, following the demonstration system composed of Block 1 (Navstar 1 - 11) spacecraft. These spacecraft were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solar arrays supplied 710 watts of power. They used S-band (SGLS) communications for control and telemetry and Ultra high frequency (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. The payload consisted of two L-band navigation signals at 1575.42 MHz (L1) and 1227.60 MHz (L2). Each spacecraft carried 2 rubidium and 2 Cesium clocks and nuclear detonation detection sensors. Built by Rockwell Space Systems for the U.S. Air force, the spacecraft measured 5.3 m across with solar panels deployed and had a design life of 7.5 years.

Launch
USA-135 was launched at 00:30:00 UTC on 6 November 1997, atop a Delta II launch vehicle, flight number D249, flying in the 7925-9.5 configuration. The launch took place from Launch Complex 17A (LC-17A) at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), and placed USA-135 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37XFP apogee motor.

Mission
On 13 December 1997, USA-135 was in an orbit with a perigee of 19923 km, an apogee of 20644 km, a period of 722.00 minutes, and 54.90° of inclination to the equator. It broadcasts the PRN 08 signal, and operates in slot 3 of plane A of the GPS constellation. The satellite has a mass of 840 kg. It had a design life of 7.5 years, but it actually remained in service until 30 October 2014.

title: USA-135


text:
Tōki Susumu

Tōki Susumu (born July 4, 1974 as Jun Tamaki) is a former sumo wrestler from Ichikawa, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. His highest rank was komusubi. Wrestling for Takasago stable, he was a sumo coach at two other stables until his retirement in 2023.

Career
Tōki began his career in January 1991 after joining the Takasago stable. Just like former sekiwake Takamiyama, who was a member of the same stable during the 1970s and 80s, Tōki wore long sideburns as a distinctive feature.

In 1998 Tōki managed to enter the top makuuchi division for the first time and quickly became a regular maegashira, although his results were not sufficient to make him a san'yaku wrestler (although he was a komusubi for one tournament in September 2003, he could not retain this rank). He was not a great challenge to the top wrestlers in his makuuchi days, losing every bout he fought against both Musashimaru and Takanohana. He never managed to defeat a yokozuna or win a special prize.

On December 18, 2000 in Osaka Tōki was behind the wheel of a car which hit a pedestrian and killed her. He should not have been driving at all because the Sumo Association had banned all wrestlers from doing so following a previous incident. Tōki was told by the Sumo Association not to leave his house for two months, and given a 20 percent pay cut. He withdrew from the January 2001 tournament as a result, and fell to the jūryō division. This left the Takasago stable without any top division wrestlers for the first time in its 123-year history. However, Tōki was immediately promoted back to makuuchi following his return to the ring in March 2001.

In 2004, Tōki suffered a shoulder injury which eventually led to him dropping to jūryō once more. He did not succeed in making a sustained comeback to makuuchi, although he managed to return temporarily twice. He suffered increasingly from back problems related to spinal stenosis, which was the reason why he missed six days of the January 2006 tournament. This also reduced the power of his pushes and thrusts to his opponents. After a disastrous make-koshi in March, Tōki was demoted to makushita in May 2006 and announced his retirement on the day the tournament started.

Fighting style
Tōki relied almost exclusively on slapping and pushing techniques, making his style very predictable, yet often surprisingly successful. However, he was very vulnerable when his opponents got hold of his mawashi. He won only eight matches in his career by yori-kiri, or force out, and lost 132. His most common winning kimarite were the slap down, hataki-komi, and the pull down, hiki-otoshi.

Retirement from sumo
Tōki had his official retirement ceremony on January 27, 2007 and worked as a coach at Kokonoe stable. Until January 2010 he used the name Sanoyama Oyakata. However, the elder stock is owned by the stable's former ōzeki Chiyotaikai, and upon Chiyotaikai's retirement Tōki switched to the Asakayama name owned by Kaiō. He changed once again, to Oshiogawa Oyakata, in September 2010. In 2012 he became Sendagawa Oyakata and in the same year left Kokonoe stable to take up a coaching role at Nishikido stable.

The Japan Sumo Association announced Tōki's retirement on 7 September 2023. At the time of his retirement he was working in various departments within the Sumo Association, including as a ringside judge.

title: Tōki Susumu


text:
Puzzles/Easy Sequence 2/Solution

Add 1 2 3 4... OR x(x-1)/2+1 :

1 2 4 7 11 16 22 29 ...

$$a_n = a_{n-2} + a_{n-1} + 1$$:

1 2 4 7 12 20 33 ...

Add the three previous numbers:

1 2 4 7 13 24 44 ...

The numbers with an odd number of ones in their binary representation:

1 2 4 7 8 11 13 ... or 1 10<PHONE_NUMBER> 1011 1101 ...

A formula for the $$n$$th number is: $$a_0 = 1$$, $$a_{2n} = a_n + 2n$$, $$a_{2n+1} = 6n + 3 - a_n $$.

title: Puzzles/Easy Sequence 2/Solution


text:
Electronics/RCL time domain simple

Figure 1: RCL circuit

When the switch is closed, a voltage step is applied to the RCL circuit. Take the time the switch was closed to be 0s such that the voltage before the switch was closed was 0 volts and the voltage after the switch was closed is a voltage V. The voltage across the capacitor consists of a forced response $$v_f$$ and a natural response $$v_n$$ such that: $$ v_c=v_f+v_n $$

The forced response is due to the switch being closed, which is the voltage V for $$t\ge0$$. The natural response depends on the circuit values and is given below:

Define the pole frequency $$\omega_n$$ and the dampening factor $$\alpha$$ as: $$ \alpha=\frac{R}{2L} $$ $$ \omega_n=\frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}} $$

Depending on the values of $$\alpha$$ and $$\omega_n$$ the system can be characterized as:

1. If $$\alpha > \omega_n$$ the system is said to be overdamped. The solution for the system has the form: $$ v_n(t)=A_1e^{\big(-\alpha+\sqrt{\alpha^2-\omega_n^2}\big)t}+A_2e^{\big(-\alpha-\sqrt{\alpha^2-\omega_n^2}\big)t} $$

2. If $$\alpha = \omega_n$$ the system is said to be critically damped The solution for the system has the form: $$ v_n(t)=Be^{-\alpha t} $$

3. If $$\alpha < \omega_n$$ the system is said to be underdamped The solution for the system has the form: $$ v_n(t)=e^{-\alpha t}\big[B_1\cos(\sqrt{\omega_n^2-\alpha^2} t)+B_2\sin(\sqrt{\omega_n^2-\alpha^2} t)\big] $$

How do you calculate these equations?

Example
Given the following values what is the response of the system when the switch is closed?

First calculate the values of $$\alpha$$ and $$\omega_n$$: $$ \alpha=\frac{R}{2L}=1000 $$ $$ \omega_n=\frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}}\approx 4472 $$

From these values note that $$\alpha < \omega_n$$. The system is therefore underdamped. The equation for the voltage across the capacitor is then: $$ v_c(t)=1+e^{-1000t}\big[B_1\cos(4359t)+B_2\sin(4359t)\big] $$

Before the switch was closed assume that the capacitor was fully discharged. This implies that v(t)=0 at the instant the switch was closed (t=0). Substituting t=0 into the previous equation gives: $$ 0=1+B_1 $$ Therefore $$B_1=-1$$. Similarly at the instant the switch is closed, the current in the inductor must be zero as the current can not instantly change. Substituting the equation for $$v_c(t)$$ into the equation for the inductor and solving at the instant the switch was closed (t=0) gives: $$ i(t)=\frac{dv_c(t)}{dt}C $$

$$ 0=100\cdot10^{-9}\big[4359B_2-1000B_1 \big] $$ Therefore $$B_2\approx-0.229$$. Once $$v_c(t)$$ is known, the voltage across the inductor and resistor ($$V_{out}$$) is given by: $$ v_{out}=e^{-1000t}\big[\cos(4359t)+0.229\sin(4359t)\big] $$ You have missed a lot of steps, where are they?

Figure 2: Underdamped Resonse File:Example1 underdamped.png

title: Electronics/RCL time domain simple


text:
User:GUNA SHASHANK REDDY VUYYURU

Vuyyuru Guna Sashank Reddy
Vuyyuru Guna Sashank Reddy (born 31 May 1994) is an Indian Entrepreneur who is the chairman, managing director and largest share holder of Kaanta Systems (www.kaantasystems.com), a software company and Amaravathi based valuable company by quality value. He holds a 51.3% stake in the company. KS deals mainly in software, hardware and financial sectors.

He is the son of the Vuyyuru Rami Reddy and Usha Rani.

title: User:GUNA SHASHANK REDDY VUYYURU


text:
Talk:Curves International/Archives/2017

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 external links on Curves International. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070226113625/http://www.curves.com/about_curves/pdfs/Fact_Sheet.pdf to http://www.curves.com/about_curves/pdfs/Fact_Sheet.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070208112011/http://www.curves.com/about_curves/pdfs/FranchiseTimes2005.pdf to http://curves.com/about_curves/pdfs/FranchiseTimes2005.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070205120139/http://curvers.squarespace.com/resource/Curves_Press_Release_043004.pdf?fileId=9511 to http://curvers.squarespace.com/resource/Curves_Press_Release_043004.pdf?fileId=9511
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20061012204132/http://www.operationsaveamerica.org/articles/articles/curve-balls-thrown-at-curves.htm to http://www.operationsaveamerica.org/articles/articles/curve-balls-thrown-at-curves.htm
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20120731132438/http://www.fitcommerce.com/Blueprint/Module/Desktop/Announcements/ViewAnnouncement.aspx?ItemID=811&mid=112&tabId=87&tabIndex=0&portalId=2&pbrand=0&mbrand=0 to http://www.fitcommerce.com/Blueprint/Module/Desktop/Announcements/ViewAnnouncement.aspx?ItemID=811&mid=112&tabId=87&tabIndex=0&portalId=2&pbrand=0&mbrand=0

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:45, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Curves International/Archives/2017


text:
Andreas Ritzos

Andreas Ritzos (Ανδρέας Ρίτζος 1421—1492) also known as (Andreas Rico, Ricio or Rizo) was a Greek icon painter from Crete. Ritzos is considered one of the founding fathers of the Cretan School. He was affiliated with Angelos Akotantos. Most of his work stylistically follows the traditional maniera greca. His children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren were also painters. He was one of the most influential painters of the Cretan School along with Andreas Pavias and Angelos Akotantos. He influenced the works of Georgios Klontzas, Nikolaos Tzafouris, Theophanes the Cretan, Michael Damaskinos and El Greco. According to the Institute for Neohellenic Research, sixty of his paintings have survived.

Biography
Andreas Ritzos was born in Iraklio. His father Nicholas Ritzo was a seaman and jeweler, and his mother was lady Ergina. Andreas married Maria and had two sons. His son Nicholas was a painter. His other son Thomas was a jeweler and painter. His grandson was painter Maneas Ritzos.

Andreas is listed as a painter for the first time on July 27, 1451 as Andreas Ritzos pinctor. Records indicate that in 1454 his co-worker Maneas Theologitis vouched for him. Documents indicate he was active as a painter between 1460 and 1492. He was also associated with other painters namely George Pelergi and Ioanni Kappadoka. In one document he testifies to the delivery of items from John Akatanos and in another, he received a loan from Andreas Pavias. His wife Maria died around 1482. He split the inheritance with his son Nicholas. His second marriage was with Nicola Gritti of Agnese. He signed his paintings three different ways; five of his icons were signed in Greek χείρ Ανδρέα Ρέτζου, three were signed Andreas Rico de Candia pinxit, and finally one was signed Andreas Ricio de Candia.

A significant amount of Madonna and Child paintings by Andreas Ritzos survived. Many painters chose the subject matter but Duccio, Cimabue, Fra Angelico, and Giotto di Bondone employed a similar mannerism exemplifying the maniera greca. Most artists of the Cretan School began to employ some attributes of the Venetian school. One greek artist of Venice Ioannis Permeniates completely adopted a new style of painting which was in line with the Venetian school.

Ritzos popularity shows that both Italian and Greek patrons continued to value the maniera greca and preferred the traditional style. Many paintings were attributed to the school of Ritzos because they were not signed and resemble the artist's painting style. There were countless Madonna and Child paintings for comparison. Angelos Akotantos influenced Andreas Pavias and Andreas Ritzos. Andreas Pavias and Ritzos influenced each other both employ the traditional rich gold background but Pavias began to employ the Venetian school.

The Virgin and Child with Crucifixion Narrative and the Ascension of Christ in the gallery are precursors to Georgios Klontzas and Theodore Poulakis All Creation rejoices in Thee. Andreas Pavias Crucifixion of Jesus is another popular work that influenced Georgios Klontzas and Theodore Poulakis All Creation rejoices in Thee. Ritzos Ascension of Christ separates the scenes into different compartments while Andreas Pavias Crucifixion of Jesus utilizes countless figures. Georgios Klontzas Transfiguration and Monastic Scenes 1603, is similar to Ritzos Acension of Christ.

title: Andreas Ritzos


text:
Coba Lake

The Coba Lake or Lake Coba (Spanish Lago Cobá) is an almost circular lake close to the ancient Maya city of Coba on the Yucatán peninsula.

The lake is surrounded by a reed zone that hosts crocodiles. There is a zip line installation that crosses part of the lake.

A lake of similar size and shape, Lake Makanxoc, lies close to the east.

title: Coba Lake


text:
Talk:Munger Place Historic District

Map request
A map of the historic district's boundaries is needed. Cacw (talk) 21:06, 18 March 2013 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 8 external links on Munger Place Historic District, Dallas. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070409160022/http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/indexfeeder.htm to http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/indexfeeder.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070205180525/http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/feeder2006/madison.htm to http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/feeder2006/madison.htm
 * Added tag to http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/eszones2006/Lipscomb2006.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110927121618/http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/midzones2006/Long2006.pdf to http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/midzones2006/Long2006.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110927121627/http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/highzones2006/Wilson2005.pdf to http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/highzones2006/Wilson2005.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070409160022/http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/indexfeeder.htm to http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/indexfeeder.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070205180540/http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/feeder2006/ndallas.htm to http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/feeder2006/ndallas.htm
 * Added tag to http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/eszones2006/Zaragoza2006.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070620084332/http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/midzones2006/Spence2006.pdf to http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/midzones2006/Spence2006.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070620082900/http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/highzones2006/NorthDallas2006.pdf to http://www.dallasisd.org/eval/schoolinfo/highzones2006/NorthDallas2006.pdf

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:36, 8 February 2018 (UTC)

Clarifying dates
Can anyone resolve the date the city declared Munger Place to be a city landmark? The city's web page https://dallascityhall.com/departments/sustainabledevelopment/historicpreservation/Pages/munger_place.aspx says the Designation Report was done in 1988, but when you open the report, it says city council approved in 1980. Condensinguponitself (talk) 05:13, 22 November 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Munger Place Historic District


text:
integroida

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬), ultimately from and adapted with the verbal suffix.

Verb

 * 1)  To integrate as opposed to differentiate.

title: integroida


text:
Terrorism in Chile

Terrorism in Chile has occurred since the 1980s and continues until the present. A number of bombings targeted public places, such as subway stations, as well as commercial institutions and interests, such as banks and ATMs.

Santiago bombings
At the end of the military regime in 1986, a bomb exploded in the Tobalaba station in Santiago, Chile, killing one person and injuring seven others.

Over 200 individual bombings occurred from 2005 to 2014, over eighty groups claimed responsibility, however, authorities were not sure if it was multiple groups, related splinter cells or a single group which changed names. The names were changed to obie.

On 8 September 2014, a bombing occurred at the Escuela Militar metro station in Santiago, Chile. Fourteen people were injured, several seriously. No group has claimed responsibility, however, the attacks have been attributed to a Chilean Anarchist group, the Conspiracy of Cells of Fire (Chile).

On May 2, 2018 Members of Carabineros de Chile and the Fiscalía sur investigate an improvised explosive device abandoned in the metropolitan area of Santiago. The explosive did not explode and was destroyed by members of the anti-explosive unit. The group Individualistas Tendiendo a los Salvaje claim responsibility for this and other bombs that didn't detonate.

Araucanía and Mapuche
There has been a debate on whether some attacks linked to the Mapuche conflict in southern Chile constitute terrorism or not. These attacks, typically arson, concentrate in Araucanía Region but have also occurred in neighboring Bío Bío and Los Ríos Region. The conflict arises, among other issues, from land rights and the resulting clash between indigenous people and private development projects.

Pinochet anti-terror laws
During the Pinochet dictatorship in Chile, an anti-terror law was enacted which allows suspects to be held in isolation without charges. The law also permits the use of phone taps and secret witnesses in investigations. This anti-terror law is currently in use by the government in its response to bombing attacks.

Criticism
Human Rights Watch (HRW) has criticized the Chilean government for inappropriately using anti-terrorist legislation against indigenous (Mapuche) groups involved in land conflicts. While recognizing that crimes have certainly been committed, HRW believes that they are not comparable to terrorist acts.

title: Terrorism in Chile


text:
Talk:Sorek desalination plant

This should be a page about the Israeli desalination plant, redirect to a general page about the region is inaccurate, but I can't find an official page on the plant, will link to this for now https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Israel#Reclaimed_water

title: Talk:Sorek desalination plant


text:
Paul Mackness

Paul Robert Mackness  (born 1973) is the Archdeacon of St Davids since March 2018.

Mackness was educated at the University of Wales, Lampeter, and studied for the priesthood at St Michael's College, Llandaff; he was made deacon at Petertide 2001 (23 June) by Huw Jones, Bishop of St Davids, at St Davids Cathedral; and ordained priest the following Petertide (29 June 2002). After a curacy at Llanelli he was Rector of Manordeifi from 2004 to 2010, then Vicar of Haverfordwest until 2014. He was Bishop's Chaplain and Clerical Secretary in the Diocese of St Davids from April 2014 until July 2018. He was collated archdeacon on 22 March 2018.

title: Paul Mackness


text:
File:Scriptmukesh.pdf

Used with the WikiU Film School Lessons

The formatted script from Lesson 1 of the WikiU Film School by Mukesh Tiwari.

title: File:Scriptmukesh.pdf


text:
Spanish/Lesson 8

Grammar - Formal Commands (el imperativo)
Commands are used when you ask someone to do something or give instructions to people. In this lesson we learn the formal commands, which are the ones you say to persons where you use the usted or ustedes form. The following table shows the endings for the regular verbs. Note that the stem changes that occur in the yo form, (e->ie, e->i, o->ue, ar/er/ir->go cer->zco etc., ) apply for formal commands:

The following verbs have irregular formal commands:

Like in English, the command is usually put in the beginning of the sentence:

Examples:

Grammar - Informal Tú-Commands
In this lesson we learn the commands you say to someone you would address in the tú form. Spanish distinguishes two different types of tú-commands, the affirmative (do something) and the negative (don't do something). Like the formal commands, we also apply stem changes here:

The following verbs have irregular informal tú-commands for the affirmative and negative.

This can be memorized with the rhyming mnemonic device "di haz pon ten, sal sé ve ven."

Examples:

title: Spanish/Lesson 8


text:
Talk:Intelligence Intensification

September 26, 2004:

In my opinion, this book does not often venture beyond the obvious; and it seems not to be following the stated objectives. I do not want to sound overly critical of this work, but what should the reader come away from this book knowing? Some concrete strategies for learning and recalling information have been provided; but, in my opinion, the authors of this book have essentially made this assumption that its readers learn and think not so differently from themselves. If this book is to have a wider audience, this should not be the case.

 * Please give an example! --DanielJanzon 00:24, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Not having english as my native language, I find it difficult to decide if the following sentence is well formed: "Getting the Thinking Wagons Out of the Rut". The model of thoughts as wagons on the nerve circuits is nice in this context but should I write "wagons of thought" instead? Or something else? I'm afraid there will be a lot of Swinglish (Swedish-English) in everything I write :)

dataangel: The biggest problem I see with this book is that the introduction claims to not be another one of those read-it-to-feel-better books, that it will be actual science, but studies and footnotes are completely absent in at least the first two chapters of the text (the ones I read). The "flock of birds" analogy seems contrived, pulled right out of one of those books ;)

This might help:

http://www.hsdebate.com/archives/theory/old/Korcok--Speak_Fast.html

 * I don't remember that I claimed it would be science. My intention with this book was not that it should be scientific, since that would result in a very thin book. However, I wanted the book to be concise and not repeating or full of sentences like "this book will change your life" or silly testimonials. Methods that by someones, and hopefully many peoples, experience has resulted in better ability of the organism should be clearly stated in a concise not too enthusiastic way. When I have time left, I'll read the book and remove everything which isn't true to the initial claim. If someone hasn't done that already by then! --DanielJanzon 17:51, 14 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Usually "trains of thought". Trains go faster than wagons :) How about "get your trains of thought back on track"? r3m0t (cont) (talk) 20:11, 7 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * The metaphor is this: Your thoughts are stuck in a certain rut (track). Creativity is now defined as the ability to make sudden changes of track. The difficulty is not getting the train back on track, but get it off track for a while, hoping it will continue somewhere else on another track. See what i mean? I'm really hoping for that picture to be drawn... :)

The top navigation can be included on any page with and is at Template:IITOC. r3m0t (cont) (talk) 20:11, 7 Apr 2004 (UTC)

It's spanning two lines now - maybe you should consider renaming or merging (putting together) some sections? r3m0t (cont) (talk) 20:33, 7 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't understand. What spans to lines and why does it matter?

 * The box at the top. It looks ugly now. r3m0t (cont) (talk) 21:05, 7 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * But it feels strange to merge really different subjects only in order to make a box more aesthetic :/

 * You can link them together in that creative way of yours ;-) it's ok now as three lines. r3m0t (cont) (talk) 22:06, 7 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * The described technique was applied and the result is implemented. What do you think? --DanielJanzon 14:29, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)

At the moment it seems like I'm the main author of the book. Without reflection, I've sometimes written "I", as authors of books often do. Now, this wikibook is not intended to have one single author and maybe it becomes strange to read the book. Should I change all formulations using "I" referring to the author? Or should I keep the "I"'s and think of the wikibook as an entity in itself?

 * That's up to you for now. :) r3m0t (cont) (talk) 21:05, 7 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I think you should just leave it as is and not worry about the particulars at this stage. M.Welch

 * Good idea. The first step to a good book is something valuable to write about. The last step is to present the information in a nice fashion. --DanielJanzon 14:29, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)

The current organization of the book is far from perfect. What is really the difference between information sifting and information evaluation? Why is "The Concept of Change" under the headline Information Utilization instead of Information Grasping? Etc. Still, I believe there is something good about this new organization... New ideas are more than welcome.

Howdy! I'd take out "I," and re-orient to talk more about "you" and the reader's experiences. In general, I like text that talks about "you" and "I", but in a wiki book, I don't think it's a good idea. For myself, at least, it puts a barrier between me and editing the text.

Also: Can you work in http://www.ludism.org/mentat/WikiNode somehow? It's more of a hypertext / community than it is a book. It already links to this wiki.

I don't know how Wikibooks tend to work; Can you have extraneous "pages" that are wiki, but not part of the book? Ideally, there would be a WikiNode on this wiki. See http://wikinodes.wiki.taoriver.net/ to understand what this is all about.

Hmmm, yes, the first reaction directly hits what I think should be in the book: scientific proof. Well, you're right on the fact that many self-help books mostly contain feel-better text rather than the real material. Yet I think we should devote a chapter in explaining and giving the reader more indept information. A lot of things concerning can nowadays be called primitive. We people just know to little about the brain. Yet you should not give up with just that last fact. In fact, if people feel-better, they'll accomplish more. So see it as a placebo effect. It would help, even if science cannot prove it. Anyways, is this book going about improving or just to talk about intelligence intensification. I would like to the the main author's first inspirations and goals. By the way, I was thinking. Should I add some student-skill? I mean like, how to discuss and give advise and how to solve exact issues. But I think that should belong to another wikibook. Anyways, I hope it helps giving this wikibook a more clear goal if it's not added.

Psychonautics, Metaphysics, Psychology, Ethics
Hi there. To be frank, the information and text as currently created is more off in the direction of Intelligence dampening. This all needs a whole lot of work, and by people who actually have expert knowledge on the subject. The Table of contents is even a headache. I think it is a worthy project, and I might be willing to contribute, but I'll need some honesty around here about how much people actually know VS how much they are just winging it.

I am not sure what happened to my previous posts to this area. Apparently, they were deleted, because My contributions and user watchlist show nada.

I am an expert in the fields of Psychology, Sociology, Psychonautics, World Religions, World Religious History, Ethics, and Metaphysics.

I am interested in writing an integrative eclectic text on all of those topics simultaneously. The main point of the whole process is to create the first useful users manual for the human Brain.

To those ends, I have generated some materials. Here are some of those.

PSYCHOLOGY;

A. Table of Contents B. Foreward C. Prologue D. Introduction

1. The Nueron 2. Brain Regions 3. Internal Dialogue(s) 4. Instinct 5. Social Influences 6. Brain Chemistry 7. Brain regions and Mind 8. Ego Psychology 9. Id Psychology 10. Mammalian Psychology 11. Reptilian Psychology 12. Social Psychology 13. Paradigm Psychology 14. Emotional Psychology 15. Child Psychology 16. Adult Psychology 17. Parental Psychology 18. Pack Psychology 19. Personal Space Management 20. Behavior output Psychology 21. Reflexive Psychology 22. Muggle Psychology 23. Mage Psychology 24. Totalitarian/Fascist/Corporate/Republican Psychology 25. Herd Psychology 26. Logic, Reason,...Geek Psychology

27.Index of Brain Areas 28. Topological Index 29. Glossary - A. Table of Contents B. Foreward C. Prologue D. Introduction

1. The Tao of Self 2. The Tao of Malkut/Tiferet 3. Inwer Cosm 4. Grounding and Centering 5. Cleansing and Purifying 6. Representational Schema 7. Ritual 8. Full Stop 9. Beta States 10. Alpha States 11. Delta States 12. Somnambulistic Trance (Hypnogogia) 13 Lucid Visualization 14. Dreams 15. Tarota Labrys 16. Theta States 17. Shamanic Music 18. The Aspects of Self 19. The Psychonauts Key 20. The Tree of Life 21 Behavior and State 22. Creating State Specific Social Contracts 23. Contact Improv 24. Totemism 25. Satyrian Psychonautica 26. Dragon Psychonautica 27. Faery Psychonautica 28. Imp Psychonautica 29. The ALLY and the FORCE 30. Entheogenic Protocols 31. Meditative Breathe 32. Meditative Movement 33. Meditative Thought 34. The Force of Atttention 35. Tribalism 36. Brain region, Function, and State 37. Psychonautic Atlas A. Psychonaut Reports B. Shaman Reports C. Mage Reports D. Schematization of Experiences

Index Glossary -- A. Table of Contents B. Foreward C. Prologue D.Introduction

1. The Chakras 2. The Nadis 3. The Flowpaths 4. The Aural Shells 5. The Attental Body 6. The Animative Body 7. The Circulative Body 8. Prana 9. Qi, Chi 10. Thought 11. Spirit 12. Geomancy 13. Biomagnetics 14. Nueromuscular electricity 15. Causal Forces 16. Ether 17. Consciousness 18. Will 19. Chotdals+ ThraoChotdals (Ether Tubes) 20. Karma 21. Quantum Mechanics 22 "Random Chance" 23. the Tree of Life 24. Levels of Reality 25. The TAO in and of ALL Things

26. Index of Subtle Anatomy Charts 27. Index of Hyperelative Morphogenics 28. Index 29. Glossary

--- SOCIOLOGY;

A. Table of Contents B. Foreward C. Prologue D. Introduction

1. Elementary School Education 2. Middle School Education 3. High School Education 4. 4 Year College 5. 12 year College 6. Student/Teacher Contract 7. Student/Society Contract 8. Employment/ Industry 9. Recreations 10. Home and Family 11. Tribe and Culture 12. Retirement 13. Medical Issues 14. A Citizens Rights 15. A Citizens Responsibilities 16. Governments Rights 17. Governments Responsibilities 18. Criminal Justice 19. Disability+ Dependency 20. Social Equality 21. Poverty (ending) 22. Media 23. Info-Workers 24. Elderly Issues 25. Reasonable Effort 26. Sexual Equality Issues 27. Racial Equality Issues 28. Class, Caste, and Economic Equality Issues 29. Agriculture, Diet, Issues 30. Reasonable Effort

31. Index 32. Glossary

- the wikipedia article, which i am one contributor of;

A Psychonaut (literally, a sailor of the psyche) is a person who uses trance technologies from any of the world's religions, modern psychology, and other assorted paradigms, to explore the psyche, their own consciousness, and potentially improve real performance of certain psychological tasks. The term is often associated with the use of hallucinogens or entheogens as guides, or means, to achieve inward spiritual experiences. This is quite distinct from religious use, or social and leisure use of drugs, although invariably these overlap.

According to Jonathan Ott, the word Psychonaut was originally coined by the German author Ernst Jünger.

Use of the term
Psychonaut is a modern term, used to describe one who uses trance technologies, and sometimes, more specifically, mind-altering substances more with a view to their ability to act as entheogens, than for their inebriating (or social) effect. In effect, they are used as a means to achieve states of mind in which different perceptions unhindered by everyday mental filters and processes can arise. As such, psychonauts beleive that when used with this intent, their effects, can be life altering, and are not considered by their proponents to be mere hallucinations. An alternate description is that while some aspects of the experience may be hallucinatory, the realizations caused by those hallucinations, and the mental, emotional and long term impact of the experience, is real, usually positive, and enduring.

The term is often associated with neoshamanic practices; however, many distinguish between the mental exploration of the psychonaut and authentic, healing-oriented shamanic practice. Some prominent, self-proclaimed psychonauts such as Zoe7 are somewhat controversial figures within the psychedelic scene, often accused of cultural appropriation and a disregard for the methods and purposes of traditional shamanic uses of psychedelics and other trance technologies.

Brain function
Psychonautics can be considered an attempt to generate a users manual for the human brain. Unlike its near cousin, psychology, which is concerned with understanding other people, psychonauts are more concerned with understanding themselves, and the process of self exploration; accordingly, they engage in direct exploration of themselves and their own thought processes.

As such, psychonauts seek to understand mental process and functioning and employ such knowledge in their activities. Key to this is auto-modification of brain wave frequenecies, which can lead to quite distinct perceptual states; a detailed examination and understanding of one's own thought processes, habits, and beliefs is also sought.

This is also ideally practically applied in bettering one's self through the knowledge of one's own thought processes; with this understanding and heightened perception of one's own internal dialogue, it is thought that one is more able to control their own ego, and detach themselves from what is seen as a herd mentality common to modern culture.

Mythical archetypes and concepts
Psychonauts commonly place much emphasis on various mythical archetypes and concepts, believing that these are useful to coming to understand one's own thought patterns and the nature of existence. As in shamanic practice, the Axis mundi is often employed, often overlayed with chakras and other relevant concepts of bodily function. The nature of karma is often explored in trying to understand one's own situation, actions, and relation to the outside world.

Metaphysics
Psychonauts are often interested in metaphysics, the branch of philosophy dealing with the ultimate nature of reality or existance; it is thought that in coming to some understanding of how the universe functions and the nature of existance, one would be better able to govern themselves accordingly and integrate their life experiences.

Hallucinogens/entheogens
The technology and practice most often associated with psychonauts is the use of psychedelic drugs for mental exploration. The method of use varies widely; such usage is often (but not always) entheogenic and informed by traditional shamanic uses of psychedelic drugs and rituals surrounding such usage.

Some hallucinogens commonly used by psychonauts include:
 * DMT
 * LSD
 * Marijuana
 * Psychedelic Mushrooms
 * Mescaline
 * Peyote
 * Salvia Divinorum
 * Ayahuasca

Dreams
As dreams are considered by psychonauts to be a window into thought processes, many keep dream journals in order to better remember dreams and further their understanding of their own symbolic internal dialogue. Many attempt to not only remember their dreams, but engage in lucid dreaming, in which one learns to directly control their dreams and hopefully gain more control over their own thought process and hallucinogenic experiences.

Ritual
Ritual is often employed for purposes of grounding and centering one's self, to set one's focus and intentions, and to instill a conception of the significance and depth of psychonautical practice. Repeated use of ritual may also train the brain to associate certain activities and states of consciousness with specific situations, creating deeper experiences and allowing one to more easily enter altered states of consciousness.

Other
Other technologies and practices employed include:
 * Sleep deprivation
 * Sensory deprivation
 * Dark-room retreats
 * Brain wave entrainment (used to induce different brain wave frequencies and altered modes of perception)
 * Glossolalia (used in an attempt to get beyond verbal/analytic thought]]

Notable psychonauts

 * Alan Watts
 * Albert Hofmann
 * Aldous Huxley
 * Carlos Castaneda
 * Jack Kerouac
 * John Lilly
 * Ken Kesey
 * Peter Carroll
 * Ram Dass
 * Timothy Leary
 * Terence McKenna
 * William White (psychonaut)
 * Zoe7
 * William James

Missing details
There are a variety of details which i think would be fair to include here in some form or another. Heah did an Awesome job of cleaning up this wreck, and I am totally thankful. However, Some of the "stubs" that got deleted in that task are still very worthy, and I think, worth discussing, and probably, could stand a paragraph or so on them. I personally still think that the POV issues are complicated enough, (and that I am operating from enough of a bias) That its wiser to talk about it first and let the group edit later, than to jump in and go editing, creating possibly more stress for the group actually over the long run. Prometheuspan 04:07, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

Use of the term
Psychonaut is a modern term, used to describe one who uses Trance Technologies, and sometimes, more specifically, mind-altering substances more with a view to their ability to act as entheogens, than for their inebriating (or social) effect. In effect, they are used as a means to achieve states of mind in which different perceptions unhindered by everyday mental filters and processes, can arise.

As such, their effects, used with this intent, can be life altering, and are not considered by their proponents to be mere hallucinations. An alternate description is that while some aspects of the experience may be hallucinatory, the realizations caused by those hallucinations, and the mental, emotional and long term impact of the experience, is real, usually positive, and enduring.

Shamanic Perspective of Hallucination
The Shamanic Perspective of Hallucination is that there is no such thing as something which is "not real." Shamans choose to see Visions, Hallucinations, and so forth as real communication from other parts of the psyche, which are normally veiled from the conscious mind by brain hemisphere filters. (Without these filters, the internal dialogue process would overwhelm the conscious mind, as is possibly the case with Autism )

Shamans generate assorted cosmologies which include the Psychic realms, and thus from their perspective, a Hallucination is a real event that happens on a different level of reality.

Brain Anatomy
The most important Paradigm to the Serious PsychoNaut is Brain Anatomy. PsychoNautics is the attempt to generate a Users manual for the human Brain. Unlike its near cousin, psychology which is concerned with understanding other people, PsychoNauts are more concerned with understanding themselves, and the process of self exploration.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&q=Brain+Anatomy&btnG=Search

Hemispheres of Brain
There are Several different areas of the Brain, Which are Known by Science to carry out specific functions. Science knows about this mostly due to ElectroencephalographyAnd experiments where Brain waves are monitored while a subject is given different kinds of problems to solve or subjected to different kinds of stimulus. ( or, under the effect of a psychoactive substance.)

The Main Areas of the Brain are;
 * 1. The Brain Stem
 * 2. The Reptilian Brain Cerebellum

 * 3. The limbic system
 * 4. The Mammalian Brain extrastriate cortex
 * 5. The Neo-Cortex Neopallium Frontal lobe

 * 6. The Occipital Lobes
 * 7. The Left Hemisphere Lobes
 * 8. The Right Hemisphere Lobes
 * 9. The Parietal lobe

Brodmann_area

Process Typing Functions
The Brain deals with different kinds of tasks by devoting small sections of itself to deal with those types of tasks.

There are thus different types of internal dialogue operating in different places in he mind. Verbal Linguistic Information is confined mostly to the Neo-Cortex and a smaller region called Wernickes area. Mathematical and Logical Types of operations seem to be carried out predominantly in the left or right hemisphere, depending on whether the person is left or right "handed". Movement is mostly handled by the Reptilian Brain and the Brain Stem. (etc)

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=wernickes+area&btnG=Google+Search

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Brain+Hemispheres&btnG=Search

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Reptilian+Mammalian+Neo-Cortex&btnG=Search

Brainwaves
By using an Electroencephalograph, Scientists can measure the Electrical outputs of the Brain. There are four main different kinds of waves that they have found, and each corresponds roughly to a different state of consciousness.

 * a Beta wave Brain Waves Brain Waves

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Brain+waves+Beta&spell=1

 * b Alpha wave Alpha Brain waves

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Brain+waves+Alpha&btnG=Search

 * c Delta wave Delta Brain waves

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Brain+waves+Delta&btnG=Search

 * d Theta wave Theta Brain waves

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Brain+waves+Theta&btnG=Search

The Tree of Life
Is A Qaballah or Esoteric Judaism Reality model which describes essentially a bell curve, and potentials for phase alignment. The Tree can be used as a map to place over the entire body, as a map to place over the Torso, or as a map of states of consciousness assuming state definitions for the Neo-Cortex.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Tree+of+Life+Qaballah&btnG=Search

Totemic Mythic ArchitectureT.M.A.
PsychoNauts attempt to understand Hallucinations as communication from the psyche. To do this requires an elevated understanding of subliminal symbolism, particularly the Imagerial/Dreamspeak code of the Mammalian Brain and Occipital Lobes.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Totemism&btnG=Search

Dream Journals
A very important tool for the Psychonaut, A dream Journal acts as the starting point for the PsychoNaut to create a personal encyclopedia of their own symbolic internal dialogue.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Dream+Journal&btnG=Search

Lucid Dreaming
Some might say that Entheogens are EASY, If you want something HARD Try Lucid Dreaming. The Results are the same, but one has a very different cost.

To a Psychonaut, Lucid Dreaming is a prequel to Psycho actives, setting a stage for them to learn self/ trip control. A person who is control of their dreams can similarly learn to control their Hallucinations.

Sleep Deprivation
Another very important tool of the PsychoNaut, Again, Entheogens are EASY, if you want something HARD with the same results, Try staying awake for 1 week. Sleep Deprivation teaches a Psychonaut control over their own State of consciousness. When we sleep, we go through the four brainwave patterns. Delta condition is deep rest, and Theta Condition is Physiological upkeep, and healing. Most people never experience a waking condition other than a Beta state. This is unfortunate, because Alpha, Delta, And Theta States are difficult to be in while still awake, but if you can manage it, you can use the mind in remarkable ways most people can't.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Shamanism+Sleep+Deprivation&btnG=Search

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Psychonaut+Sleep+Deprivation&btnG=Search

Sensory Deprivation
A very important Tool, especially for use with low Power Entheogens. For some people, Total Darkness in a cave is more than enough to Alter their state of consciousness. Alpha condition is to some degree a physiological response to darkness.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Psychonaut+Sensory+Deprivation+Chamber&btnG=Search

Trance Technologies

Come from any Religion, Any Culture, Many different Sciences, and Multiple perspectives. However, in the modern era, most people can't escape the waking Beta condition except by sleep. This tells us that Trance Technologies have not been transmitted to the general population. Herd Mentality Groupthink Propaganda Politics Religion

Instinct, Memory, Symbol
Three areas of the brain have an interesting relationship with each other. The Reptilian Brain stores instinct, which is very similar to Maslows' Hierarchy of Needs The instinct drives us to act, which creates Memories in different regions of the Brain, but mostly in the Mammalian Brain. Symbols then form a Top Bar over that up/down line, forming a figure T. The Neo-Cortex processes most verbal Linguistic information, but the occipital Lobes process images. These aspects of self end up relating within the Psyche, and PsychoNautics primary concern is to increase the efficiency of that internal dialogue.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Psychonaut+sensory++Deprivation&btnG=Search

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Psychonaut+Instinct+Reptilian+brain&btnG=Search

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Psychonaut+Memory+long+term+short+term&btnG=Search

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Psychonaut+Symbol+occipital+lobes&btnG=Search

motion, communication, fore thinker, planner
Motion is primarily handled by the Brain Stem and the Reptilian Brain, Communication is handled by the Neo-Cortex and the Mammalian Brain, thinking ahead is handled in several places, but mostly in the neo-cortical region and in the Temporal Lobes this again creates a set of relationships between areas of the brain.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Psychonaut+motion+motor+control+brain+area&btnG=Search

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Psychonaut+communication+social+brain+linguistics&btnG=Search

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Psychonaut+fore+thinker+planner+NeoCortex&spell=1

Egotism
From the PsychoNauts perspective, the greatest sin of Egotism is that over identification with the Ego mind eclipses other regions of the brain.

Ethnocentrism
is the field function of Egotism; The Egoic principle projected into ones group, culture, or society. Ethnocentrism is the logical fallacy, and rationale, behind Fascism and Totalitarianism PsychoNauts are particularly interested in this because the Schema we have from any one paradigm are too weak standing alone to make PsychoNautics possible. It is only by combining many different points of view, and integrating many different perspectives that one can become a successful PsychoNaut.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Psychonaut+egotism+shadow+psychology&btnG=Search

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Psychonaut+Ethnocentrism+shadow+psychology&btnG=Search

Pack Psychology
Is important to PsychoNautics because Groupthink has a knee-jerk reaction against Eclectic thinking, And PsychoNauts are thus forced in many situations to defend themselves from attack.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Psychonaut+pack+psychology+wolves+apes+sociology&btnG=Search

Cogency
Is important not only for defending what we do as PsychoNauts, but for creating a lucid handling of ones own personal paradigms. Think of it this way; You get what you put into the software you probably didn't realize you wrote for your brain.

Ethics
PsychoNautics is very concerned with a variety of Ethical issues, because the way that the Psyche ends up working, It is difficult or impossible to obtain waking Trance States until the issues of the Shadow are resolved. In this sense, PsychoNauts build the ultimate Ethical system for themselves, and it might even be said that the defining characteristic of a Psychonaut is instead that they are solving the Shadow of the Collective unconscious internally.

Lucid Visualization
AT high levels of Alpha State Performance, The mind is capable of generating better movies than Hollywood ever will, (At a fraction of the cost.) Simulation modeling and assorted Engineering feats become possible as a person learns to use the "Dreaming" Facility while awake, and with the Neo-Cortex in control, instead of the Reptilian Brain or Limbic System.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&q=+visualization+Lucid+psychonaut&btnG=Search

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&q=+simulation+visualization&btnG=Search

Alpha Inductive Meta-process
Hypnosis Self Hypnosis Delta Inductive Meta-process
 * 1. Stilling the Internal Dialogue
 * 2. Grounding and Centering
 * 3. Resolving the Mammalian Shadow
 * 4. Resolving the Reptilian Shadow

Theta Inductive Meta-process
of transmission of dream content from the Alpha mind to the Neo-Cortex. Because in essence, the Science that supports Shamanism understands that there is no "Magic", There are simply other resources of the Human animal that are not normally accessed by the Neo-Cortex.
 * 1. Theta States are sustained by Musical Internal Dialogue
 * 2. Theta States are normally encountered in sleep at them moment
 * 3. Theta level mind is the "Shamanic" Or "Psychonautic" Goal,
 * 4. Including (most usefully) perception of magnetic fields within a Five foot radius.

The Sleep/Waking Control Vector
as a Sleeping or waking State. Normally we don't experience anything other than Waking Beta States and Sleeping other States, but this is Due to three primary factors.
 * Any one of the Four Main States of Consciousness can be experienced
 * 1. Hemispheric filtering to prevent cognitive meltdown
 * 2. Social Conditioning
 * 3. Fallacious Belief Systems

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&q=somnambulism&btnG=Search

Psychology of PsychoNautics
What would make a person decide to explore their own mind?

What is the interest? What would drive a person to go to such lengths?

Shadow Psychology
PsychoNautics is concerned with Shadow Psychology because it is difficult if not impossible to obtain waking Trance States if the standard conflicts between areas of the mind have not been resolved.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_(psychology)

shadow_(psychology)

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&q=Shadow+psychology&btnG=Search

Shadows mirror
Sometimes called a Scrying Mirror. Written and read reports of assorted Shamanic experiences were slightly misinterpreted. In order to induce an Alpha State as an accomplished Psychonaut, one looks backward with the force of attention at the Filter Cloaking mechanism itself.

Karma
From the Shamanic Perspective, One of several forces of Nature, which tends to work to apparently organize what would otherwise have been Chaos.

Neuromuscular Electricity
Neuro Muscular Electricity

and purposes and via an assortment of chemical processes.
 * 1. The Body generates its own Electricity for a variety of reasons
 * 2. Electricity is used as one part of the Electrochemical Communication system of nerves and Neurons.
 * 3. The Body also uses electricity as the driving force behind muscular flexing Muscles

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&q=+NeuroMuscular+Electricity&btnG=Search

Electrolysis Photography
A form of imaging, not technically a real photograph, in which a target is placed on a magnetically active plate, and Magnetic field activity is transformed into an image. This is important to PsychoNauts because it proves the PsychoNauts Hypothesis that there is a "Subtle Energy".

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&as_qdr=all&q=Electrolysis+Photography&spell=1

Bio-magnetics
The Field of Science which studies the magnetic Fields that are created by Organic Creatures.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&as_qdr=all&q=Biomagnetics&spell=1

The Sensory Apparatus of the Reptilian Brain...
The minds force of attention is split into two primary directions by the Brain; Neural net, as it senses and operates by sensing itself.
 * 1. Outward, into the physical senses of sight, sound, taste, and touch,
 * 2. Inward, into the sense perceptions of the much more complicated

Glossolia
A form of Theta Trance Induction, used by Y'shua Ben Yeoseph (AKA Jesus Christ) Involving the use of musical tones and rapidly evolving harmonics and melodies, and in most cases, nonsensical phonetics, to overpower the verbal linguistic mind, and communicate with and thus awaken the Musical Lobe and thus Theta Access.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&q=Glossolia&btnG=Search

Subtle Anatomy
Ayurveda Chinese Medicine Chakras Meridians Strange Flows Aura

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&q=strange+flows+subtle+anatomy&btnG=Search

The Psyches Labyrinth
From the perspective of the PsychoNaut, Civilization is trapped in the Tarot Card of the Tower and lost inside of holding on to its paradigms as if they were substantial.

Psyche Labyrinth

Metaphysics
PsychoNauts are interested in Meta-Physics because it is another Paradigm that adds Schema relative to Obtaining Altered States of Consciousness.

Quantum Mechanics
PsychoNauts are interested in Quantum Mechanics because it is another Paradigm that adds Schema relative to Obtaining Altered States of Consciousness.

Ritual; Its useful functions
(Generating social feedback loops)
 * 1. Grounding and Centering
 * 2. Cleansing and Purifying
 * 3. Setting Focus, Will, and Intention
 * 4. Exclusion of Negative thought forms
 * 5. The creation or Representational MicroCosm/MacroCosm Reflectivity
 * 6. The Creation of External Stage for Psychic Actions
 * 7. Syntax and codification for Induction Meta-process
 * 8. Communicating appropriate behavior to others.

Pack Psychology
In wolves, there are three main observed pack roles. They are;
 * 1. Alpha; The Leader, The Attacker, The direct pursuer.
 * 2. The Follower, The Henchmen, the Side pursuer,
 * 3. The outcast, the Hidden Wolf, Cuts off Escape Route

This behavior manifests in Humans in a more evolved way, and is the primary issue of the Reptilian Shadow.

Pack (canine)

Herd behavior

Herd Psychology
The practice of keeping people from having PsychoNautics knowledge so that they can be easily manipulated, Controlled, and Persuaded or Coerced.

Geek Psychology
In humans, The closest Equivalent to the Omega in a Pack structure. Geek Also, the only sane role to play, if you are going to get anything done intellectually.

==Psychonaut? Enter the Matrix Enter the Matrix

PsychoNautics is a very Point of View charged field because it combines all of the most sensitive aspects of both Religion and Politics, and (in some people’s opinions) has better answers to life’s assorted questions than either or both. PsychoNautics is considered by some to be a Cult in competition with Religion. While this is true in some senses, the reverse is true in that any member of any Paradigm group can be A PsychoNaut; the term is actually inherently non-denominational. PsychoNautics is also considered by some to be Left Leftist Liberal And while this may be true of Some PsychoNauts, it is not True Of PsychoNauts or PsychoNautics, Because PsychoNautics is actually outside of the Left-Right False Dilemma / False Duality.

PsychoNautics actually delivers what most Paradigms only promise; Real self help, evolutionary process, and personal Therapy. For this reason, PsychoNautics is a field which many in the establishment would like to Silence.

Sociology
Sociology is the study of Human Behavior on the larger Social Scale. PsychoNauts are interested in Sociology mostly because in order to make sense of the Psyche, one has to first make sense of ones biases, and assorted social and cultural influences.

Metaphysics, Psuedo-Science, Alternative Sciences
==Ecological Ergonomics Entheogenic Chemistry

Entheogenic Metaphysics
The Shamanic View of Reality

Entheogenic Protocols
The Rituals and practices used by real World Shamans, or, those Rituals and Practices designed as Near Equivalents.

Opponents of the use of these substances tend to ignore their religious and spiritual use, and consider such claims as unsubstantiated fabrication, or mere justification of an inebriated and potentially dangerous state, and/or substance abuse.

PsychoNautica
The frequency of use and type of use is highly individual. Some PsychoNauts are also neoshamans. Eventually, the individual often gains a sense or feeling of control over the entheogen they are taking.

Because their motive is primarily for personal growth by means of wider scope of mental perception, rather than social and leisure use, psychonauts usually resist over-use and respect the substances they take. Many psychoactive substances used as entheogens are not physically addictive (but may be psychologically addictive if over-used), and unlike crack or other drugs, there is not normally any spiral of dependency and/or harm involved. Personal reports on websites suggest psychonauts might typically use such substances between once every few weeks, to once or twice a year.

Prometheuspan 22:45, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

Naming conventions
I notice that this WikiBook has been cited as being possibly in violation of the Wikibooks Naming policy. The standard conventional Term which covers this general batch of topics, and with the same basic stated intention, is PsychoNautics. My advice is that the book be renamed as such. Prometheuspan 23:04, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

Hiatus Maximus
this baby hasn't been touched in 12 (holy cow) years! Is anyone still working on it or paying attention to it?

2601:680:CB80:5E00:99A6:BCDC:CF5A:FBC5 (discuss) 15:50, 13 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Intelligence Intensification


text:
Giovanni Gaibazzi

Giovanni Gaibazzi (1808 – 1888) was an Italian painter, depicting mythologic and sacred subjects, as well as portraits.

He trained in his native Parma, at the city's Academy of Fine Arts under Giovanni Tebaldi. He moved to Rome, and returned to Parma in 1840 where he was named professor of the Academy. He completed portraits of the ruling family and painted altarpieces for the church of Santa Maria del Quartiere, Parma.

title: Giovanni Gaibazzi


text:
Talk:Denis Goldberg

Active editing conflicts
and - Would you just hold off editing for few minutes, please? I've made quite a few copyedit type changes and am trying to save them. Laterthanyouthink (talk) 09:50, 10 March 2019 (UTC)

 * and - okay, all done, thanks. I'll leave it alone now. There's still quite a lot to be done but I'll come back to it another time. Laterthanyouthink (talk) 09:58, 10 March 2019 (UTC)

 * Please note the errors arising in your citations owing to no "=" after the page parameter in the book template. (Also, there are other ways of doing these kinds of refs. I think that the or  may be useful here.) Laterthanyouthink (talk) 10:11, 10 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Denis Goldberg


text:
Talk:List of battles of the Romanian Navy

Summary of WWII actions
Just some brief summary comments out of Russian and modern sources (especially Miroslav Morozov):

Actions of 22 and 23 June 1941 - Romanian victory; Romanian river monitors Basarabia and Mihail Kogălniceanu plus four Romanian armed boats repulse two Soviet naval attacks, damaging two monitors and two patrol boats and sinking another patrol boat[3] Very blurred events: Russian sources actually indicate one monitor damaged only

Raid on Constanța (26 June 1941) - Romanian-German victory Confirmed by Russian sources

Action of 9 July 1941 - Romanian victory Confirmed by Russian sources

Action of 18 September 1941 (part of the Siege of Odessa) - Romanian victory If i recall correctly, Romanian sources claim a successful motor torpedo boat attack on Soviet destroyer. Totally not-existing event.

Battle of Jibrieni (17 December 1941) - Romanian victory Likely not-existing event: Submarine claimed sunk could not have been present during the action.

Action of 13 June 1942 - Romanian victory; Soviet submarine A-5 damaged by Romanian depth charges near Odessa[4] Russian sources claim a German ASW attack: moreover quite insignificant event, submarine kept on operations.

Battle of Cape Burnas (1 October 1942) - Romanian victory Russian sources claim (again) it was more likely a German success.

Action of 14 October 1942 - Romanian victory; Soviet submarine M-32 repulsed and damaged by the Romanian torpedo boat Smeul[5][6] Confirmed but according Russian sources could have been also Regel Ferdinand destroyer.

Action of 26 December 1942 - Romanian victory; Soviet submarine L-6 damaged by depth charges after unsuccessfully attacking a Romanian supply convoy[7] No damage.

Action of 7 July 1943 - Romanian victory; Soviet submarine M-31 depth charged and sunk by the Romanian destroyer Mărășești[8] Submarine departed for last campaign 13 December 1942!! Likely sun on 17 December 1942 by German sub.chaser UJ-116 Xanten and small minesweepers. Action of 18 April 1944 (part of the Crimean Evacuation) - Romanian-German victory 3 versions of the event (loss of submarine L-6). 1) on 16 April, attack by German sub.chaser UJ-115 Rosita, forced to surface, then sunk by German seaplane Bv-138. 2) on 18 April, sunk by Romanian gunboat Gikulescu and German sub.chaser UJ-104. 3) on 21 April, sunk by German sub.chaser UJ-103.

Action of 27 April 1944 (part of the Crimean Evacuation) - Romanian-German victory 3 Attacking soviet TK boats: one attacking boat lost at the price of the larger and more powerful German sub.chaser UJ-104 crippled (never recovered). So result "Indecisive" or even a Soviet victory counting Soviet TK swarm-attack tactics implied to accept losses in terms of hits on larger targets (and the price for UJ-104 was just loss of TK-332)

Lupodimare89 (talk) 22:34, 20 February 2018 (UTC)


text:
Juan de Courten (younger)

Juan de Courten (younger) (1765-1834) was a Spanish general who led an infantry division during the Peninsular War against the First French Empire. In 1810, he was promoted to mariscal de campo, a Spanish rank between brigadier general and lieutenant general, and therefore equivalent to major general. The following year he was captured at the conclusion of the Siege of Tarragona. In 1818, he received an important military decoration.

Career
Courten was appointed mariscal de campo, which is roughly the same as a major general in 1810. On 10 December 1810, the Army of Catalonia consisted of Courten's 4,791-man division, Pedro Sarsfield's 5,462-strong division, Joaquín Ibáñez Cuevas y de Valonga, Baron de Eroles' 2,538-man division, and 13,040 soldiers in various garrisons. The army commander, Luis González Torres de Navarra, Marquess of Campoverde received word from a Spanish official in Barcelona that a French officer was ready to admit a force into one of the forts. Accordingly, Campoverde marched Courten's and Sarsfield's divisions close to the city on 19 March 1811. A force of 800 grenadiers was assembled and sent silently forward to surprise the Monjuich fortress. As the Spanish soldiers entered the ditch, the area was suddenly lit by torches and the French garrison opened fire. Spanish losses numbered 100 killed and wounded, plus four officers and a number of enlisted men captured. The Frenchman had only pretended to betray his country, allowing the trap to be sprung on the hapless Spanish soldiers. The Spanish official was executed immediately afterward.

On 28 April, Marshal Louis Gabriel Suchet advanced from Lérida with the divisions of Jean Isidore Harispe and Bernard-Georges-François Frère. The French reached Reus on 2 May and pushed back the Spanish outpost line around Tarragona the next day. With his 4,500 men and the garrison troops, Courten could muster only 7,000 men for the city's defense. In the face of Suchet's superior force he intelligently immured himself within the city. At this time, his division consisted of three battalions of the Granada Line Infantry Regiment, and two battalions each of the Almanza, Almeria, and America Line Infantry Regiments.

Tarragona was a very strong position, but its walls were too long for soldiers immediately available to defend it. The walls enclosed both the upper and lower towns. The upper town stood on a steep hill while the lower town had access to a good harbor. The lower town was protected by six bastions and the upper town had an outer line of forts in front of the walls. On a dominating height 800 yd to the north was the powerful Fort Olivo, defended by 1,000 troops. The division of Pierre-Joseph Habert soon arrived with the French heavy artillery and the Siege of Tarragona began. Harispe's division faced Fort Olivo and the east side of the city, Habert took position on the west side facing the lower town, while Frère covered the center. An Anglo-Spanish naval squadron under Edward Codrington consisting of two third-rates, two frigates, and gunboats stood offshore to provide logistic and gunfire support. On 10 May Campoverde arrived by ship with 4,000 troops to take over the defense.

On 28 June, French troops led by Habert stormed into the upper city and beat down all opposition. Contreras was wounded and captured. As the disaster unfolded, Courten with 3,000 troops tried to implement the breakout plan and emerged from the eastern gate of the city. As his soldiers made their way along the shore, they were blocked by an Italian brigade and set upon by French cavalry. A number of soldiers jumped into the water and were rescued by ship's boats from the naval squadron. Others were cut down by the horsemen but most surrendered with Courten. Of his original division, only 1,793 men survived the siege to be captured by the French. Suchet recorded the prisoners as follows, 613 from Almanza, 464 from Almeria, 365 from Granada, and 351 from America. In 1818, King Ferdinand VII of Spain awarded Courten the Caballeros Grandes Cruces (Knight's Grand Cross) of the Royal and Military Order of Saint Hermenegild.

title: Juan de Courten (younger)


text:
Chicotte River

The Chicotte River (French: Rivière Chicotte) is a tributary of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, flowing in the municipality of L'Île-d'Anticosti, in the Minganie Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of North Shore, in province of Quebec, in Canada.

A forest road (north–south direction) serves the west side of this valley and another on the east side; these roads connect to the south the coastal road of the island (east–west direction). These roads are mainly used for forestry and recreational tourism activities.

Forestry is the main economic activity in this area, particularly through Anticosti National Park which covers the upper part of the river; recreational tourism activities, second.

Geography
The Chicotte River draws its source from a mountain stream (altitude: 243 m), located in the south-central part of the island. This source is located in a forest area at:
 * 101.9 km east of the town center of the village of Port-Menier;
 * 35.6 km south of the north shore of Anticosti Island;
 * 17.8 km northeast of the south shore of Anticosti Island.

From its source, the Chicotte River descends between the Rivière aux Rats (located on the west side) and the Rivière aux Plats (east side). The Chicotte River generally flows towards the southeast and the south over 26.2 km with a drop of 242 m, according to the following segments:

 * 8.8 m first to the south to a bend in the river corresponding to a stream (coming from the northwest); then towards the south-east in an increasingly deep valley, collecting a stream (coming from the north), until the discharge (coming from the north) of a small river;
 * 8.4 km in a deep valley, first towards the south-east leaving the territory of Anticosti National Park after about 2.1 km of this segment, up to a bend in the river; then south, curving south-east at the end of the segment, until the outlet of a stream (coming from the north-west);
 * 9.0 km first to the southeast in a deep valley until a bend in the river; towards the south curving towards the south-east; passing under the forest road bridge that runs along the southern coast of Anticosti Island; by crossing the Petit canyon Chicotte and passing in front of the locality Chicotte la Mer at the end of the segment, to its mouth.

The Chicotte River empties on the south shore of Anticosti Island, in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, on the west side of Cap des Caps. This confluence is located at 2.1 km east of Pointe des Morts, at 14.1 km east of the mouth of the Galiote River and at 115.2 km east of the village center of Port-Menier.

Toponymy
The toponymic designation "Chicotte River" appears on an 1856 map of Anticosti Island by geologist James Richardson. The spelling "Chicotte" derives from the English pronunciation of the French word "chicot", meaning debris of trees or shrubs.

The toponym “rivière Chicotte” was made official on December 5, 1968.

Recreational tourism activities
Anticosti National Park has an appendix to the southwest, that is, to the south of Lake Jolliet and to the south of the forest road leading southeast to Lake Martin; this park appendix covers approximately 10.9 km of the upper reaches of the Chicotte River. A path allows you to contemplate nature on the south shore, between the limit of the national park and the course of the river.

title: Chicotte River


text:
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Hublolly

Clerk Note: This case can not be moved to as it messes up the SPI system, please leave the current account as the master. -- DQ  (ʞlɐʇ)  23:43, 10 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Flightless (record label)

Flightless is an Australian independent record label, founded in Melbourne in 2012 by former King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard member Eric Moore. Originally founded to release both King Gizzard's music and that of associated acts such as The Murlocs, Flightless has since signed other Melbourne-based bands, including Tropical Fuck Storm, Stonefield and Amyl and the Sniffers.

History
Flightless was started in 2012 in Melbourne by drummer Eric Moore as a label for his band King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard, after he was unsuccessful trying to get the band signed to existing labels. The label's earliest releases were shipped in pizza boxes, and the vinyl runs were small and limited.

In 2015, Flightless hosted the first annual Gizzfest, a music festival featuring bands on the Flightless label as well as others in the psychedelic and garage rock scene. The inaugural festival was held at the Corner Hotel in Melbourne, on 2 and 3 May 2015. The festival returned for the subsequent three years, expanding into a touring festival visiting cities around Australia, including Perth, Brisbane, Sydney, Adelaide and Melbourne. The festival began welcoming international bands such as Mild High Club, Kikagaku Moyo, Altın Gün, and The Mystery Lights to the lineup. The festival took a hiatus in 2019 due to King Gizzard's touring schedule. In 2019 Moore stated that a 2020 iteration of the festival was planned, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the festival did not occur.

In 2018, Flightless formed a distribution partnership with ATO Records. The following year, the label opened Flightless 168, a public record store located on Lygon Street in the Melbourne suburb of Brunswick East.

The Flightless website experienced a major crash on 14 September 2018, following the reissue of King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard's albums Willoughby's Beach, 12 Bar Bruise, Eyes Like The Sky, Float Along – Fill Your Lungs and Oddments, as well as some promotional merchandise. The crash was colloquially dubbed 'The Great Flightless Crash' by fans, and resulted in Flightless printing a series of stickers to commemorate it.

In August 2020, founder Eric Moore left King Gizzard & The Lizard Wizard to focus full time on Flightless. In October 2020, King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard launched their own web store, selling their own independently produced merchandise and vinyl. It is unclear if the band remains officially signed to the label.

March 2021 saw the first annual Flightless Family Folk Festival, a one day festival in Melbourne featuring a mix of Flightless and Non-Flightless folk musicians.

The Flightless 168 store closed its doors in June 2021, preceding the label's move to a new warehouse in Coburg, Australia. The new store, Flightless Factory, opened online in August 2021, with a retail store coming in the future.

Flightless maintains an ethos of environmental friendliness. Since 2019 their vinyl releases have come in cardboard sleeves as an alternative to shrink wrap, with some records produced in an eco-friendly factory through Deepgrooves Vinyl Pressing Plant. Their vinyl shipping mailers feature environmentally friendly messaging, and the label also sells apparel with similar messaging and designs.

Current roster

 * Eggy
 * ORB
 * Stonefield
 * The Slingers
 * Traffik Island

Alumni

 * Amyl and the Sniffers
 * Babe Rainbow
 * Beans (Formerly Baked Beans)
 * Bullant
 * Civic
 * Grace Cummings
 * King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
 * Leah Senior
 * Love Migrate
 * The Murlocs
 * Sleep Decade
 * Sagamore

title: Flightless (record label)


text:
sballare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to unpack
 * 2)  to talk (nonsense), to tell (lies or exaggerations)
 * 3)  to ask for (an excessive price)
 * 4)  to make a mistake, to be wrong
 * 5)  to mess up, to be wrong in (calculations, cost estimates, etc.)
 * 6)  to get high
 * 7)  to exceed the limit, to go bust
 * 8)  to exceed the limit
 * 9)  to exceed (a limit)
 * 10)  to ruin (a car, mechanism, etc.)
 * 11)  to drink to excess, to get wasted
 * 12)  to get high
 * 13)  to freak out
 * 14)  to croak, to kick the bucket
 * 1)  to drink to excess, to get wasted
 * 2)  to get high
 * 3)  to freak out
 * 4)  to croak, to kick the bucket
 * 1)  to croak, to kick the bucket

Usage notes

 * Hoepli claims that the intransitive senses use as the auxiliary, but other dictionaries disagree.

title: sballare


text:
Talk:The Constellations

As it stands, the majority of this page has been copied straight from the artist biography on Amazon. It's not aesthetically pleasing at all. I'm going to edit and create subheadings at some point when I get some time. Jdtink18 (talk) 02:49, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Constellations


text:
William Shakespeare's Works/Romances

The romance category of plays contains four plays: They were all written late in Shakespeare's career.
 * 1) Pericles, Prince of Tyre
 * 2) The Winter's Tale
 * 3) The Tempest
 * 4) Cymbeline

The Two Noble Kinsmen, of which Shakespeare was co-author, is sometimes included in this grouping.

title: William Shakespeare's Works/Romances


text:
User:SaltBarista/TWA/Earth/2

Shape and structure

Tectonic plates

Surface

Atmosphere

Weather, climate, and water cycle

Orbit and rotation

References

title: User:SaltBarista/TWA/Earth/2


text:
Talk:Literary composition

this looks like a really good beginning. I'm wondering if some crw strategies could be worked in as these can be very important, and liberating pre-paper writing strategies. --Smithgrrl 06:01, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

Please provide an example of what kind out composition this textbook that u have written is [persuasive, creative etc?] Plus should'nt we have a better system in wikiversity to post questions and answers [a faq if u will] so that students can read and learn from questions [possibly smarter ones] others asked?

This page is teetering on the edge of Wikipedia or Wikibooks...maybe you could make it a little more interactive so that it is a learning resource rather than a textbook or article. --Trinity507 22:10, 22 February 2009 (UTC)

This is in the wrong place, it's currently in the Music portal in Wikiversity. --MathieuGPL 08:38, 13 February 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Literary composition


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User:BreadyToCrumble

Welcome to my profile, curious person!
Selamat Datang!

My name is BreadyToCrumble. I started this account in September of 2019.

Haven't done much in terms of contributions, so here's some things about me.

I like cats. Dogs too. but cats are better ;)
 * I'm from Indonesia
 * I've lived in Australia and the UK.
 * I like to see new places and try out new things.
 * My favourite subjects are Mathematics and IT.
 * Sunset Orange and Turquoise are my favourite colours.
 * I like having Nasi Goreng, Rendang and the odd Indomie here and there.
 * I can speak fluent English and Indonesian, but I'm trying to learn some Japanese in my spare time.
 * In general, I'm a curious person.

I guess that's all, I've ran out of things to write now.

See you all soon.

title: User:BreadyToCrumble