text:
Botany/Plant reproduction laboratory flower

Chapter 5. Plant Reproduction Laboratory ~ Flowers
Infloresence of the orchid, Spathoglottis plicata ([[media:Orchid_lab.jpg|enlarge to examine]]).

An orchid flower
This first laboratory exercise for Chapter 4 deals with the flowers of a ground orchid from Southeast Asia. The photograph on the right demonstrates the descriptive terminology that can be applied to this species. You may wish to read about orchids to place this plant taxonomically and better understand unusual aspects of the structure of this flower. In reading the description below, be sure you understand how or why each bolded word applies to this specimen. Also, observe that the flowering-through-fruiting sequence is well demonstrated in the photograph because each flower is in a slightly different phase of its life cycle from bud to fruit.

 * Spathoglottis plicata Blume — The flowers of this orchid are carried on an erect raceme growing out of the pseudobulb, each flower subtended by a green to purplish bract that becomes strongly reflexed with age. The purple sepals and petals are similar and spreading, elliptic to elliptic-ovate; the labellum is in three distinct parts: the lateral lobes narrow and erect, the middle lobe horizontal and cleft or 2-lobed. Lying above the latter is the narrowly clavate column. The inferior ovary in Spathoglottis develops into a cylindrical capsule (fruit) as the perianth withers.

4-1. Review the photograph of the inflorescence of the orchid. Which one of these statements is true:

 * a) this inflorescence demonstrates determinate growth
 * b) this inflorescence could as well be called a spike
 * c) the uppermost flower shows anthesis.
 * d) there are five petals, therefore this is a dicot.

Photograph 1: Bidens torta ([[Media:Bidens flwr.jpg|Examine]])

Following are a series of photographs of flowers from various plants. Note that by clicking on the word "Examine" in each title, you can enlarge the particular photograph for closer examination. Read each question and the offered answers carefully. All parts of answer choice must be correct for that choice to be correct.

4-2. The structure at B is:
 * a) leaf
 * b) corolla
 * c) ligule
 * d) sepal
 * e) petiole

''Photograph 2. Hibiscus'' ([[Media:FlowerLab1.jpg|Examine]])

4-3. Although the flowers in these three photographs appear very different, the following parts or floral structures are essentially the same:
 * a) AA and F
 * b) BB and C
 * c) G and H
 * d) F and B
 * e) D and BB

4-4. Which statement of the following applies to the structure indicated at E :
 * a) Pollen grains have landed on this pistil
 * b) Androecium of a monoecious plant
 * c) This is a spathe
 * d) E is an anther releasing pollen
 * e) This flower head is on a dioecious plant

''Photograph 3. Xanthosoma or 'Ape ([[Media:Arum flower.jpg|Examine]])''

<< Return to Chapter 5

Answers to Chapter 4 Laboratory Questions:

 * 4-1 ~ c (this flower alone is capable of pollination)
 * 4-2 ~ b (A flower head with tubular disk corollas)
 * 4-3 ~ d (both F and B indicate petals of their respective flowers)
 * 4-4 ~ d (the androecium is supported on a tubular structure (G) that surrounds the pistil (H)


text:
Irreligion in Ghana

Irreligion in Ghana is difficult to measure in the country, as regular demographic polling is not widespread and available statistics are often many years old. Most Ghanaian nationals claim the Christian (71%) or Muslim (18%) faiths. Many atheists in Ghana are not willing to openly express their beliefs due to the fear of persecution. Most secondary educational institutions also have some form of religious affiliation. This is evident in the names of schools like Presbyterian Boys School, Holy Child School and many others. Atheists form a very small minority in Ghana.

In the Ghana census taken in 2010, Christians make up 71.2% of the population, Islam 17.6%, Irreligion 5.3%, Traditional religion 5.2%. Other faiths include Hinduism, Buddhism and Nichiren Buddhism, Taoism, Sōka Gakkai, Shinto and Judaism.

Contrary to the generally accepted view that all Ghanaians profess one religion or the other, there is a small group of outspoken atheists, freethinkers and skeptics who form the Humanist Association of Ghana. The group organized a Humanist conference in November, 2012 which brought together Humanists from around the world to discuss issues relevant to the advancement of Humanism in Ghana.

A second International Humanist conference was hosted by the same organization in December 2014. It featured discussions on additional topics relevant to Humanism such as feminism, witchcraft accusations in West Africa and Humanist ceremonies. The organization currently has about fifty members and attracts limited media coverage. Work is still in progress to officially register the association and make it more broadly known in civic society.

Humanism is not well known in Ghana and this, coupled with high levels of religious belief in Ghana makes it difficult for nonbelievers to share their opinions freely without fear of stigma. There have been a few debates conducted by humanists in the country regarding what should be considered core humanist principles and what should be shifted to the broad spectrum of secularity.

Openly professing atheism or antireligious beliefs can lead to public outrage, such as when the popular hiplife artist Mzbel stated that Jesus was a fake.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Irreligion in Ghana


text:
74th Tony Awards

The 74th Tony Awards were held on September 26, 2021, to recognize achievement in Broadway productions during the 2019–20 season. After being delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, the ceremony was held at the Winter Garden Theatre and was broadcast in two separate parts on CBS and Paramount+. Audra McDonald and Leslie Odom Jr. served as hosts.

The musical Jagged Little Pill led the nominations with 15, while the play with the most nominations was Slave Play, with 12. At the ceremony, Moulin Rouge! won ten awards, including Best Musical, becoming the production with the most wins of the season. The Old Vic production of A Christmas Carol won five awards, and The Inheritance won four, including Best Play. At 90 years old, Lois Smith became the oldest performer to win a Tony Award for acting, receiving the award for Featured Actress in a Play.

Background
Originally scheduled to be held on June 7, 2020, at Radio City Music Hall in New York City and televised by CBS, the ceremony was postponed indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nominations were originally scheduled to be announced on April 28, 2020. Various receptions were scheduled to be held, including the Meet the Nominees Press reception (April 30) and Tony Nominees luncheon (May 19). At the Tony Honors reception, the Tony Honors for Excellence in the Theatre award was to be presented. On March 25, 2020, it was announced that the ceremony and all associated events had been postponed indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. New York had ordered the closure of all Broadway theatres on March 12 due to restrictions on gatherings. The ceremony's broadcaster CBS aired a sing-along version of the film adaptation of Grease on the Tony Awards' originally-scheduled night.

On August 21, 2020, it was announced that the ceremony would be held virtually later in the year, with further details to be announced at a later date. No subsequent date in the year was ever set. The nominations were announced on October 15, 2020, by James Monroe Iglehart. Voting for the Tony Awards was held from March 1–15, 2021, and the ceremony was announced to be held in conjunction with the reopening of Broadway. Jagged Little Pill led the nominations with fifteen, and Slave Play's twelve nominations broke the record for most nominations for a non-musical play (11) set by Angels in America at the 2018 ceremony.

Ceremony information
On May 26, 2021, it was announced that the ceremony would be held on September 26 of that year in a format that differed from previous years. Paramount+ first streamed a two-hour ceremony at 7:00 p.m. ET with presentations of the awards for individual categories. CBS then aired a two-hour primetime special, The Tony Awards Present: Broadway's Back!, presented as a concert to "celebrate the joy and magic of live theatre". The special included performances of "beloved classics" and the three Best Musical nominees, and the presentation of the awards for Best Musical, Best Revival of a Play, and Best Play. On September 13, Audra McDonald and Leslie Odom Jr. were announced as hosts of the Tony Awards ceremony and Broadway's Back! special respectively.

In explaining the decision to split the ceremony between two platforms, producers Ricky Kirshner and Glenn Weiss said that allowed for a four-hour ceremony in total, as opposed to the typical three-hour limit imposed on a television-exclusive broadcast. Kirshner said that this also gave the chance to air complete acceptance speeches for winners in all categories, saying "In the past, a lot of these awards have been in a pre-show where they got a 10 second blurb on the air. Now they get their full award on the air."

Tony Awards

 * "You Can't Stop the Beat" (from Hairspray) – Marissa Jaret Winokur, Matthew Morrison, Kerry Butler, Chester Gregory & Darlene Love
 * "What I Did for Love" (from A Chorus Line) – Ali Stroker
 * "Anyone Can Whistle" (from the musical of the same name) – Jennifer Nettles
 * "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" (from Dreamgirls) – Jennifer Holliday

Broadway's Back!
Source:
 * "Broadway's Back Tonight!" (opening number) – Leslie Odom Jr.
 * "Burning Down the House" – American Utopia
 * "My Girl" / "Ain't Too Proud to Beg" – John Legend and the cast of Ain't Too Proud
 * "Lady Marmalade" / "Because We Can" – Moulin Rouge!
 * Broadway Advocacy Coalition
 * "Move On" (from Sunday in the Park with George) – Ben Platt & Anika Noni Rose
 * "Ironic" / "All I Really Want" – Jagged Little Pill
 * "Beautiful City" (from Godspell) – Josh Groban & Odom
 * "The Impossible Dream (The Quest)" (from Man of La Mancha) – Brian Stokes Mitchell
 * "Somewhere" (from West Side Story) – Norm Lewis & Kelli O'Hara
 * "We Don't Need Another Hero (Thunderdome)" / "The Best" / "Proud Mary" – Tina
 * "It Takes Two" (from Into the Woods) – Tituss Burgess & Andrew Rannells
 * "You Matter to Me" (from Waitress) – Odom & Nicolette Robinson
 * "For Good" (from Wicked) – Kristin Chenoweth & Idina Menzel
 * "What You Own" (from Rent) – Adam Pascal & Anthony Rapp
 * "Wheels of a Dream" (from Ragtime) – Audra McDonald & Mitchell
 * Freestyle Love Supreme

Eligibility
The official eligibility cut-off date for Broadway productions opening in the 2019–20 season was originally to have been April 23, 2020. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic cutting the 2019–20 theatre season short, on August 21, 2020, it was announced that only the 18 shows that opened before February 19, 2020, would be considered eligible. A revival of West Side Story that opened February 20, 2020 and the new musical Girl from the North Country, which opened March 5, 2020, were thus not considered eligible because too few nominators and voters saw them before Broadway shut down on March 12, 2020. This meant that for the first time since 1993, there was no award for Best Revival of a Musical given out, as there were no eligible productions. Girl From the North Country was nominated the following year.

 * Original Plays
 * A Christmas Carol
 * Grand Horizons
 * The Great Society
 * The Height of the Storm
 * The Inheritance
 * Linda Vista
 * My Name Is Lucy Barton
 * Sea Wall/A Life
 * Slave Play
 * The Sound Inside

 * Original Musicals
 * Jagged Little Pill
 * The Lightning Thief: The Percy Jackson Musical
 * Moulin Rouge!
 * Tina

 * Play Revivals
 * Betrayal
 * Frankie and Johnny in the Clair de Lune
 * The Rose Tattoo
 * A Soldier's Play

Non-competitive awards
Special Tony Awards were given to the following:
 * The Broadway Advocacy Coalition
 * David Byrne's American Utopia
 * Freestyle Love Supreme

The award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre was given to Graciela Daniele. Julie Halston received the Isabelle Stevenson Award.

Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first, and are highlighted in boldface:

‡ The award is presented to the producer(s) of the musical or play.

Critical reviews
Greg Evans of Deadline Hollywood called the show "truly excellent television", and praised the two-part format, writing "The no-nonsense presentation of award announcements and acceptance speeches was followed by a lively special that impressively showcased contemporary Broadway musicals on their home turfs and classic reunions that felt fresh and welcome." However, he criticized the program's emphasis on musicals, commenting, "the non-musical plays got unforgivably short shrift." In Variety, Clayton Davis praised it as "a sensational awards ceremony" and described the show as "a near flawless and detailed blueprint on how [other awards ceremonies] should assemble their future ceremonies to bring forth an inviting place for people of all backgrounds, and an impeccable pace to keep your attention." He also commended the show's tone, concluding, "The Tonys were pure, not shy about the times we were in — and they sent a signal of hope for our futures."

Conversely, however, Tim Teeman of The Daily Beast dismissed the Broadway's Back! portion of the show as "a purely commercial exercise based on telling people who kind of like theater that Broadway was back, and needs their financial support" and accused the ceremony at large of sending "mixed messages" about its industry, contrasting calls for diversity from winners and presenters with Slave Play, a work which addresses racism as a central theme, failing to win a single award. He also criticized the decision to present the vast majority of awards on the Paramount+ livestream, instead of on the CBS telecast, writing "A Tonys-themed song and dance show may suit ratings-counters at the network [...] But if you're going to show an awards show, show an awards show."

Ratings
The Broadway's Back! special received 2.8 million viewers during its CBS telecast, an approximate 50% decline in viewership from the 73rd Tony Awards in 2019. Rick Porter of The Hollywood Reporter said that the loss may have been attributable to certain mitigating factors, such as most awards being handed out during the Paramount+ portion of the program, and the ceremony taking place in September, as opposed to its usual June date, putting it in conflict with the fall television season.

title: 74th Tony Awards


text:
Puzzles/Action sequences/Crossing the River II

Puzzles | Action sequences | Crossing the River II

There are six persons on the shore: Three fathers and each of them has a son. The sons are afraid to be nearby a different father (or fathers) if their own father is not there (both at the boat and the either of shores). There is a boat that can hold a maximum of two persons (you can assume that the sons are able to row the boat).

How can the six people get across the river?

Solution


text:
User:Tompagenet

This is Tom Page's section on the great project that is WikiBooks. A couple of (hopefully) useful links:

 * My wikipedia page
 * My personal web page

title: User:Tompagenet


text:
Luisa Whittaker-Brooks

Luisa Whittaker-Brooks is an American chemist who is an associate professor at the University of Utah. She was named a L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science honouree in 2013 and one of Chemical & Engineering News' Talented 12 in 2017.

Early life and education
Whittaker grew up in Panama. As a child, she became interested in the hydroelectric dams that powered Panama. She started to think about alternative sources of energy. Whittaker earned her bachelor's degree at the University of Panama, where she studied analytical chemistry. She moved to the United States for her graduate studies, where she joined the University at Buffalo as a Fulbright Program fellow. There she completed her master's and doctoral degrees within three and a half years. For her doctoral research Whittaker studied vanadium oxide. Vanadium oxide is opaque when hot and transparent when cold, and Whittaker wondered whether it could be used to coat windows and keep buildings cool. Throughout her doctoral research she worked to lower the transition temperature that this phase change occurs at, and eventually commercialised her technology. Whittaker-Brooks worked as a postdoctoral scholar with Yueh-Lin Loo, where she used low-temperature hydrothermal methods to study zinc oxide nanostructures.

Research and career
Whittaker studies novel photovoltaic and thermoelectric materials for energy generation and storage. She is particularly interested in chalcogenides and perovskites and how their composition and structure impacts their electronic properties. Whittaker has researched how bias stress and sample heterogeneity impact the performance and operational lifetime of organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs). She has also studied the role of excitons in their operational stability and impact of moisture and oxygen. In 2019 she was elected to the advisory board of ChemNanoMat.

Awards and honours

 * 2007 Fulbright Program Fellow
 * 2013 L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards
 * 2015 American Association for the Advancement of Science Milligan Mason Award for Women in the Chemical Sciences
 * 2017 Chemical & Engineering News' Talented 12
 * 2017 National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers Lloyd N. Ferguson Young Scientist Award for Excellence in Research
 * 2017 American Physical Society Ovshinsky Sustainable Energy Fellow
 * 2018 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Emerging Leader
 * 2021 Camille Dreyfus Teacher Scholar Award

title: Luisa Whittaker-Brooks


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/ISTP

Fictional Characters

 * Zabuza Momochi (Naruto Shippūden)
 * Hei (Darker Than Black)
 * Naofumi Iwatani (Tate no Yuusha no Nariagari)
 * Sasuke Uchiha (Naruto Shippūden)
 * Alucard (Hellsing Ultimate)
 * Celestia Ludenberg (Danganronpa)
 * Aslan Jade Callenreese (Banana Fish)
 * Sakunosuke Oda (Bungou Stray Dogs)
 * Chain Sumeragi (Kekkai Sensen)
 * Karna (Fate/Apocrypha)
 * Zero Kiryu (Vampire Knight)
 * Minene Uryuu (Mirai Nikki)
 * Shiki Ryougi (Kara no Kyoukai)
 * Killua Zoldyck (Hunter x Hunter)
 * Shinya Kogami (Psycho-Pass)
 * Android 17 (Dragon Ball)
 * Levi Ackerman (Shingeki no Kyojin)
 * Ging Freecss (Hunter x Hunter)
 * Kohaku (Dr. Stone)
 * Shizuo Heiwajima (Durarara!!)
 * Phoenix Ikki (Saint Seiya)
 * Jotaro Kujo (JoJo no Kimyou na Bouken)
 * Noriaki Kakyoin (JoJo no Kimyou na Bouken)
 * Spike Spiegel (Cowboy Bebop)
 * Steven Alan Starphase (Kekkai Sensen)
 * Saitama (One Punch Man)
 * Goblin Slayer (Goblin Slayer)
 * Toph Beifong (Avatar: The Last Airbender)
 * Kyouhei Kadota (Durarara!!)
 * Motoko Kusanagi (Ghost in the Shell)
 * Meme Oshino (Monogatari)
 * Gintoki Sakata (Gintama)
 * Kazuto Kirigaya (Sword Art Online)
 * Kite (Hunter x Hunter)
 * Roronoa Zoro (One Piece)
 * Guts (Berserk)
 * Kazuma Satou (Konosuba)
 * Shinobu Oshino (Monogatari)

Work-Related Strengths

 * Ability to work well with defined tasks and tangible products
 * Keen powers of observation and an excellent memory for factual information
 * Ability to bring order to confusing data and to recognizable facts
 * Aptitude for working alone or alongside others you respect
 * Ability to stay calm and cool in a crisis or under pressure
 * Ability to recognize what needs doing and what is necessary to complete the job
 * Aptitude for working with your hands and with tools
 * Ability to adapt well to sudden change and shift gears quickly
 * Practicality and good common sense
 * Ability to identify and make good use of available resources
 * Flexibility and willingness to take risks and try

Work-Related Weaknesses

 * Difficulty seeing the long-term consequences actions
 * Lack of interest in verbal communication, especially superficial conversations
 * Dislike advance preparation; trouble organizing time
 * Little patience for abstract and complex theories
 * Tend to be blunt and insensitive to the feelings others
 * Tend to get bored and restless easily
 * Difficulty seeing opportunities and options that don’t exist at the moment
 * Impatience with administrative details and procedures
 * Unwillingness to repeat yourself
 * Difficulty making some decisions
 * Strong independent streak and dislike of excessive rules and structured bureaucracy
 * Resistance to setting long-term goals and difficulty meeting deadlines

How to deal with an ISTP

 * Avoid emotional appeals - use clear logic
 * Respect their privacy and never force intimacy
 * Listen carefully and give them time to think things through

What works with ISTPs children :

 * Be clear, direct, and specific.
 * Give them your full attention or you will miss important, even vital information.
 * Encourage and allow them to do things for themselves, like feeding and dressing.
 * Don't interpret their lack of expression of affection as a lack of caring.
 * Don't try to make them feel guilty for not being more demonstrative.

Web links

 * ISTP on TypeLogic
 * ISTP on PersonalityPage and careers
 * ISTP Profiles and Famous ISTPs on TypeTango
 * ISTP Profile on PersonalityDesk

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/ISTP


text:
Kenneth Davidson (mathematician)

Kenneth Ralph Davidson (born 1951 in Edmonton, Alberta) is Professor of Pure Mathematics at the University of Waterloo. He did his undergraduate work at Waterloo and received his Ph.D. under the supervision of William Arveson at the University of California, Berkeley in 1976. Davidson was Director of the Fields Institute from 2001 to 2004. His areas of research include operator theory and C*-algebras. Since 2007 he has been appointed University Professor at the University of Waterloo.

He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. He was appointed Fellow of the Fields Institute in 2006. In 2018 the Canadian Mathematical Society listed him in their inaugural class of fellows.

Publications

 * Real Analysis and Applications, with Allan Donsig, Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer, 2009.
 * $$C^\ast$$-Algebras by Example, Fields Institute Monograph 6, AMS, 1996.
 * Nest Algebras, Pitman Research Notes in Math. 191, Longman, 1988.

title: Kenneth Davidson (mathematician)


text:
winterberry

Etymology

 * from the berries' persistence throughout the winter.

Noun

 * 1) A species of holly native to the United States and Canada and producing red berries,.
 * 2) The fruit of this plant.

Synonyms

 * : American winterberry, black alder, black alder winterberry, brook alder, coralberry, deciduous holly, deciduous winterberry, false alder, fever bush, inkberry, Michigan holly, possumhaw, striped alder, swamp holly, Virginian winterberry, white alder, winterberry holly

title: winterberry


text:
Talk:David Martin (footballer, born 1986)

Personal life
I have deleted the picture caption that says it relates to an engagement. We can't say this sort of thing until we have a reliable source that confirms it - for example a newspaper. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 12:35, 2 May 2012 (UTC)

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