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Bushong

Bushong is a surname found mostly in the United States, derived from the surname Boschung found mainly in Switzerland, but also in the Palatinate and other regions in Western Europe.

Surname history
The American surname, Bushong and variant Bushon, prior to being anglicized, was the German-Swiss name, Boschung. The spelling was changed after immigration to Colonial America. The immigrants, Hans and Johann Nicholas both arrived as Boschung, Hans in 1731 and Johann Nicholas in 1732. The original ships manifests and transcriptions list them as Boschung, but the spelling was changed in their American lives.

The origin and meaning of the Bushong surname
One favored theory is the surname is based on two syllables, Bosch and ung. Bosch is considered a Germanic topographical name, derived from the Latin word, boscus which translates to wood, as in forest. Subsequently, the patronymic suffix ung was added to the original name and means descendants of (the Bosch). It has been theorized that the reason to differentiate from an original Bosch family, with the addition of the suffix, was that there had been a large well established Bosch family. The patronymic suffix identified them as having separated by proximity from the original family. In other words, the families who moved away were not the Bosch, they were the Boschung. All occurring as surnames were beginning to be the accepted practice.

Origination of the Boschung family
There are several Boschung family lines, originating in Switzerland, one of which started in 1750, when a line Bosson, changed its names spelling to Boschung. Another line began in 1600 in Boltigen, Switzerland, with a name change from Studer, and this is believed to be beginning of the Colonial American Bushong. However, the Boschung name is first noted in the 1520s in Jaun, Fribourg, Switzerland and in the 1530s a few miles away in the Canton of Bern, Switzerland. These families whether related or not represent the majority of the Boschung. All would have been spoken a Swiss German dialect, more specifically its predecessor western High Alemannic dialect (Bernese German).

Colonial period immigration to the United States
For the vast majority, the Bushong Family of America descend from two immigrants, Hans Boschung and Johann Nicholas Boschung. Hans and Johann Nicholas Boschung arrived in port of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1731 and 1732 respectively. They were Protestants of the Reformed Swiss sect, who left Switzerland and spent some years in the Palatinate.

Hans Boschung immigrated with his family on the ship Brittania and qualified for entry to the Colonies September 21, 1731. They were listed, Barbara age 37, and their children, Magdelen age 11, Hans Phillip age 9, Ana Barbara age 6, Christiana age 3.

Johann Nicholas Boschung immigrated with his family on the ill-fated voyage of the pink John and William and qualified for entry to the Colonies October 17, 1732. Listed on the manifest as Paschun, with his wife, Magdalena (over 16) and their children, Hendrich, Eve, Andreas, Maria.

The Bushongs originally settled in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, where they were members of the Salem Hellers Reformed Church. Today descendants who can trace their ancestry back to Hans and Johann Nicholas Bushong number in the thousands.

Post-colonial immigration to the United States
There are a few other family lines with the Bushong surname in America. Some are descended from French Catholics who immigrated from Nova Scotia, Canada to the United States in the 19th and 20th century while others are descended from slaves of the Bushongs prior to the American Civil War. There also appear to be a few different lines of European Bushongs. These families immigrated to the United States in the mid to late 19th century from what was a war torn central Europe and took the Bushong name. But with about 1.2 million other mostly Germans immigrants, there was at least one Greek Bushong. Their surnames all had various original spellings, Bushing, Busching, Buchen, Bushan, and others. During this period the most common immigration destination in the United States was New York, through Ellis Island.

The colonial immigrant Bushongs descend from Beauchamp
In the beginning of the 20th century, it was thought that Colonial Bushongs descended from the French Beauchamps and that the name was originally spelled that way. It is not certain exactly when the myth originated, but in 1900 Oscar Kuhns published The Germans and Swiss settlements of colonial Pennsylvania: a study of the so-called Pennsylvania Dutch. In it he stated the Bushongs were French Huguenots and their name was originally Beauchamp... ""These German names almost all came from the Palatinate and Switzerland. Even today we can trace the Swiss origin of many-for instance, Urner (from Uri), Johns (Tschantz), Neagley (Naegeli), Bossler (Baseler). Some are of French Huguenot origin, which by combined German and English influence have often received a not very elegant or euphonious form: examples are Lemon (Le Mon), Bushong (Beauchamp)"."

Rev. A. Stapleton published this book in 1901- "Memorials of the Huguenots in America, with special reference to their emigration to Pennsylvania"

""Beauchamp, — In 1731 arrived; Beauchamp and wife Barbara, the head of the "Bushong" family, now so numerous in America. He located in East Lampeter, near the Heller Church. He was born in France in 1692. His son Jacob located in Berks county and was the head of the Bushong family of Berks county, while another son, Peter, emigrated to the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia, and founded the Southern branch.""

Multiple lines of colonial Bushongs immigrated
One theory fostered by some, was that there were numerous different lines of Bushongs entering Colonial America, some with different spellings. To date there is no evidence to support this theory and to the contrary, thousands of Bushong descendants are listed as descendants of Hans Boschung and Johann Nicholas Boschung's son, Andreas. With a charting project for the entire Bushong 1930 United States Census completed and most identified, it makes multiple lines that much more improbable.

Bosang descend from Bushong
This myth was first mentioned in the late 1980s or early 1990s by several Bushong researchers, who perceived a similarity between the surnames Bosang and Bushong. It was suggested that David Bosang, whose name was spelled Bosseng before it was Anglicized, had been a Bushong in Europe prior to leaving. Though lacking any European documentation, the myth gained a degree of legitimacy through repeated publishing of Bosang's United States documentation mixed with the Bushong name. It is probable that Bosseng is a variant spelling of the surname Bossong.

Some notable people, places, and businesses

 * Dr. Lee C. Bushong, U.S. Marine, deputy sheriff, and professor.
 * Albert J. "Doc" Bushong D.D.S., Baseball player, Dentist
 * Howard F. Bushong, American baseball coach
 * Robert Grey Bushong, U.S. House of Representatives, Pennsylvania
 * Bushong, Kansas
 * Bushong's Mill Covered Bridge, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania

title: Bushong


text:
Talk:David Reid (boxer)

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title: Talk:David Reid (boxer)


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AK-19

The AK-19 is a 5.56×45mm NATO assault rifle designed by Kalashnikov Concern for the export market.

History
Revealed during the International Military-Technical Forum ARMY-2020 exhibition, the AK-19 is a variant of the updated AK-12, revealed at the same time, chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO, which was put into series production in 2022.

Design details
Like the updated AK-12, the AK-19 features a redesigned polymer L-shaped stock, a redesigned pistol grip and trigger guard, and a new rotary diopter rear sight. Unlike the AK-12, the AK-19 features a birdcage-type flash suppressor that features slots for a quick detachable sound suppressor. The rifle has a weight of 3.5 kg, a barrel length of 415 mm, a full-length of 935mm (36.8 in), and a standard 30 round box magazine.

title: AK-19


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Talk:German vocabulary/Verbs/Modal verbs

Who forms the infinitive of can, may and must as "to can", "to may" and "to must"? They are never used in sentences as an infinitive, and for grammatical classification purposes most dictionaries state that they are their "own infinitive".

Where's Müssen?::edit:: sorry, I mean Wollen.RedAugust 17:57, 14 July 2007 (UTC)


text:
User:Alan Danskin/sandbox

Alan Danskin (talk) 14:15, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

EURIG is the European RDA Interest Group

British Library

title: User:Alan Danskin/sandbox


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User:CelloNinja7

This user gets irrationally angry at typos, and his past edits and creations from a bygone era do not speak to his current character or quest for knowledge. This user also spends too much time browsing the current events tab.

His favourite phoneme is the unvoiced velar fricative.

title: User:CelloNinja7


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Talk:Learning to learn a wiki way

Introduction
I think we should keep the discussion pages for discussions about the content of the pages and what changes need to be made. Discussions about the project and its methods should be subsections of the main article as they are part of the project. So I've moved the answers to Why I want to join this learning project? and  What specific outcomes do I want from this learning project? onto the main page as thay are content rather than comment on the contents of the page.

 * Good move. Wikiversity needs to develop efficient ways to integrate discussions into learning projects. One problem is that discussions quickly become large and the context of what is being said is hard for new-comers to sort-out. We need ways of summarizing discussions and integrating those summaries into central pages...the bulky discussions can ultimately be archived on subpages. --JWSchmidt 16:05, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

Interventions
Under subheading "What is to be Done", it is all about "interventions". What is an "intervention" in this context? Mirwin 08:47, 11 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi Mirwin and welcome to this project. I've added an explanation of this at The second step is to plan a set of interventions on the main project page Mystictim 13:24, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

 * The section "What is to be Done" has now become The second step is to plan a set of interventions and the explanation of interventions has become a practical description of what they are.

I would like to under take some critical reflection on this subject. On the surface of things making an intervention or taking a particular course of action is just a simple mater of course and effect. It can all be explained away by the application of the laws of physics. However using the laws of physics it would be horrendously difficult to establish the exact chain of events leading to a specific intervention and even more difficult to establish the full consequences of that intervention. Further it is quite conceivable that such an analysis is impossible even in principle for a number of reasons including Quantum uncertainty as outlined in The Emperor's New Mind, chaotic dynamics or that the whole system acts as a Universal Turing machine as described in A New Kind of Science... be back later to finish this of.

Assessing interventions and implementations
If I understand PAR correctly, "interventions" are contributions to parts and pieces of Wikiversity content that are aimed at driving the learning processes toward more effective practices in a deliberate and collaborative way. The collective intention, then, for this project is to look at Wikiversity holistically to see where people's interests are and how we, as a group can better serve the needs. Additionally, we can look at the wider context of mainstream academia to model and set standards for our own online university.

I drafted my perspective of what an "Implementation" might be in my edit early this morning, following the lead presented by the person who came up with the structure of the project page via the section titles (Cormac?). I went ahead and filled in some detail about the assessment of these interventions and their implementations placing my "spin" on it.

I added a footnote-sized look at the Wikipedian example, Wikipedia:Version 1.0 as an example because from my experience, that program was quite successful, particularly in that it "caught on" well and solved a number of problems using a sort of "top down" approach. Meta-topical WikiProjects like Wikipedia:WikiProject The Beatles, Wikipedia:WikiProject Military History, Wikipedia:WikiProject Tree of Life and Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemistry led the way in creating a valuable toolset consisting of consensus-driven methods for content quality assessment that became "standard equipment" for WikiProjects.

After years of watching, I witnessed the process morphing from a desperate struggle into a streamlined process. From my POV, it looked like a revolution. The bots, grading scales, wikipedia-wide classification structures, taskforce model and inter-project co-operation were indeed remarkable innovations. I don't see why this project can't inherit the properties and attributes of the w:Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team. We might even take it up a notch by assessing not only the product (Wikiversity content) but also the process that builds it.

I certainly don't wish to see some evil "cabalish" nature rearing its ugly head, but some responsible leadership is a must for what Wikiversity shall become. I'm thankful that leadership skills are illustrated at such a fundemental level even by the thoughtful and wise choice of the indefinate article, "a" in our title, Learning to learn a wiki way.

If this project is to assume a leadership role, I think it would be wise to examine the page histories of, particularly CORE TOPICS and WORK VIA WIKIPROJECTS. We might consider assessing parts and pieces of wikiversity from small learning groups (Topic: departments) to large teaching staffs (School: facultlies). We might assess them with variables:
 * Academic alignment - how well the project groups align with "standard" academic practice, convention and structure
 * Participation level - content growth and talk page activity percentiles
 * Collaboration - a measure and sense in which individuals and groups cooperates with other individuals and groups (things like accomodating diverse learning paths through relevant links to other projects and such)
 * Civility - maintaining ethical standards, dealing well with controversy, allowing diversity, and so forth.

To reiterate, this project should avoid taking on the nature of a "power structure" or "policing agency", but rather an open, participatory "village pump" styled gathering place for all, whether they simply wander in or enter with an agenda.

The wiki way (from my perspective): Anyone can intervene at any level on anything, implement 'till their heart's content and assess the socks off of anything they care to spend the time and energy on. OK. that's my schpeal. Your turn!

Happy Holidays! :)  19:52, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

User categories
I'm doing some fancy UML mapping in my own personal quest to apply Topic:Computational linguistics and sociology to Wiki-Versity. It is an enigmatic journey into the Deep Thought aspects of the MediaWiki Engine, which I am taking alone at this point despite my own faintness of heart. I'm working in what I call hard hat areas involving Computer Science and other technological high-jinks that I'm not qualified for, but hope to be, with a bit of feedback and guidance.

For this guidance, I've found w:Wikipedia:User categories helpful to locate experts in various fields and track their thought processes by following the breadcrumbs through the Wikipedia. I'm thinking that the new UML/MediaWiki page I'm putting together will offer some clarity about the way USER and GROUP "move" through TOPIC, reading and writing CONTENT as they go.

I'm formulating a strategy that uses Paragraphic illustration to map the primatives involved when a user creates a resource and how that resource is contained in a namespace (main, Topic: Portal: etc...) This methodology (pedagogy? epistomology?) expands to define or at least describe how the user herself or himself becomes an actor within a learning group. For example Schools have a stack of users interested in subjects, topics, areas, specialties and on down the line (general-to-specific).

When the user becomes a "doer" that is, an actual practitioner of some skill or craft, they may qualify to be a certain kind, type, sort... of person such as a musician, journalist, linguist etc.

This may become a method (pedagogical, epistemological, ...) for answering the question of who can, will, wants to, or should do that sort of work. Sure, the practice of claiming to "be something" is prevalant throughout Wikimediate communities, but displaying a userbox and adding yourself to a user category is a trivial, but helpful thing in the aggregation of a real societal entity.

Entity relationships are key elements in Object Oriented Software Design using UML. That's where I pretty much dwell these days in formulating my monsterous strategic map via Topic:Perl, Topic:Object-Oriented Programming, and my MediaWiki Project involvement. Applying this majick to things like Jamming Online and a Sonic user interface for MediaWiki are local current manefestations of my obsession. Unfortunately, I'm learning not to expect a reply – I'm just venting and thinking out loud. I'm nothing. Participation is everything. 00:31, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * A major problem we face is that Wikipedia culture has always emphasized the content of the encyclopedia over the expertise of contributors. Wikiversity is in position to shift some emphasis from wiki content to the wiki participants themselves since it is in our mandate to support communities of learners within Wikiversity, not just create static learning resources. The Wikiversity community needs to find ways to identify participants who have expertise and find ways to support participants with expertise as they contribute to the community. As far as I know, the most advanced steps in this direction are the "wikiprojects" that were invented within the Wikipedia project. Some Wikipedia wikiprojects have elected "directors" who can act as stimulants for content development in particular topic areas. Wikiversity has positioned itself well by creating our system of "School:" and "Topic:" content development projects, but it may be wise for Wikiversity to invent a new type of "functionary" who is recognized by the community as having expertise and who is called upon by the community to apply that expertise for the good of the Wikiversity project.--JWSchmidt 01:19, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

Action/intervention
A thought is buzzing round my mind - what do we mean by "action" (or "intervention") in an action research design, particularly in a wiki? Action research is generally about planning a set of actions, and then reflecting on these actions in order to set up the next phase of planning and action etc. But what I want to know is how, specifically, does an action fall within the action research design, and is not simply an action that anyone might take at any time (which is the wiki way). Do we simply act, and then, if we feel it's appropriate, retroactively include the action within our action research design (ie our observations and reflections)? Or do we need to specifically plan and agree on an action/intervention before it is to be considered part of the research? I'm posting this also on Talk:Developing Wikiversity through action research - we might discuss this question in a general sense, and also how it could relate to individual projects. I'd be very curious to hear what people think, and to continue the "Interventions" section above. Cormaggio beep 15:28, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

Peer Mentoring
This article at Wikibooks implies that various forms of peer mentoring might be useful in wikis where peer groups can easily form. Mirwin 03:30, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

Feedback Requested
If the participants of this project could check out the new learning project Self Paced Reading Labs and leave some thoughts on the discussion page or pitch in I would appreciate it. Watching how it evolves when it starts to successfullyt attract more students than content developers might teach us something about how to use wiki effectively. Mirwin 04:36, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

New interventions; a personal approach
--Jolie 15:56, 7 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Generality 4 almost too specific
 * Engaging  3 neutral.  (I fear my objectivity on this criteria)
 * Clarity   3 (I think the plan can be followed but the analysis is vague)
 * Relevancy 2 (I'm not so sure I understand the goal and the previous methodology)
 * Comments: (none)
 * I'm not sure I understand your review scale. The Jade Knight (d'viser) 18:39, 7 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Ah, just read new comments on page. I see.  I'm not sure about the generality scale, however:  the other scales are 1 (worst) to 5 (best).  The generality scale is 1 (worst) to 3 (best) to 5 (worst).  Doesn't fit with the others.  The Jade Knight (d'viser) 18:48, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

 * correct... engaging, clarity and relevancy, the scale goes from 1 to 5

 * I need to know if I hit a 'good balance' between too general and too specific read it as
 * 1 Too general
 * 2 a little too general
 * 3 balanced
 * 4 a little too specific
 * 5 too specific
 * --Jolie 19:19, 7 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Perhaps, for consistency, the scale should be considered "scope", and 1 = inappropriate scope, and 5 = appropriate scope? That would be consistent with the other scales, and the user could comment on whether or not the scope is too general or too specific?  The Jade Knight (d'viser) 19:35, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I love it! thank you.  we'll call it scope.--Jolie 19:49, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Learning to learn a wiki way


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Kohn–Sham equations

The Kohn-Sham equations are a set of mathematical equations used in quantum mechanics to simplify the complex problem of understanding how electrons behave in atoms and molecules. They introduce fictitious non-interacting electrons and use them to find the most stable arrangement of electrons, which helps scientists understand and predict the properties of matter at the atomic and molecular scale.

Description
In physics and quantum chemistry, specifically density functional theory, the Kohn–Sham equation is the non-interacting Schrödinger equation (more clearly, Schrödinger-like equation) of a fictitious system (the "Kohn–Sham system") of non-interacting particles (typically electrons) that generate the same density as any given system of interacting particles.

In the Kohn–Sham theory the introduction of the noninteracting kinetic energy functional Ts into the energy expression leads, upon functional differentiation, to a collection of one-particle equations whose solutions are the Kohn–Sham orbitals.

The Kohn–Sham equation is defined by a local effective (fictitious) external potential in which the non-interacting particles move, typically denoted as vs(r) or veff(r), called the Kohn–Sham potential. If the particles in the Kohn–Sham system are non-interacting fermions (non-fermion Density Functional Theory has been researched ), the Kohn–Sham wavefunction is a single Slater determinant constructed from a set of orbitals that are the lowest-energy solutions to $$\left(-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\nabla^2 + v_\text{eff}(\mathbf r)\right) \varphi_i(\mathbf r) = \varepsilon_i \varphi_i(\mathbf r).$$

This eigenvalue equation is the typical representation of the Kohn–Sham equations. Here εi is the orbital energy of the corresponding Kohn–Sham orbital $$\varphi_i$$, and the density for an N-particle system is $$\rho(\mathbf r) = \sum_i^N |\varphi_i(\mathbf r)|^2.$$

History
The Kohn–Sham equations are named after Walter Kohn and Lu Jeu Sham, who introduced the concept at the University of California, San Diego, in 1965.

Kohn received a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1998 for the Kohn–Sham equations and other work related to density functional theory (DFT).

Kohn–Sham potential
In Kohn–Sham density functional theory, the total energy of a system is expressed as a functional of the charge density as $$E[\rho] = T_s[\rho] + \int d\mathbf r\, v_\text{ext}(\mathbf r) \rho(\mathbf r) + E_\text{H}[\rho] + E_\text{xc}[\rho],$$

where Ts is the Kohn–Sham kinetic energy, which is expressed in terms of the Kohn–Sham orbitals as $$T_s[\rho] = \sum_{i=1}^N \int d\mathbf r\, \varphi_i^*(\mathbf r) \left(-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\nabla^2\right) \varphi_i(\mathbf r),$$

vext is the external potential acting on the interacting system (at minimum, for a molecular system, the electron–nuclei interaction), EH is the Hartree (or Coulomb) energy $$ E_\text{H}[\rho] = \frac{e^2}{2} \int d\mathbf r \int d\mathbf{r}'\, \frac{\rho(\mathbf r) \rho(\mathbf r')}{|\mathbf r - \mathbf r'|},$$

and Exc is the exchange–correlation energy. The Kohn–Sham equations are found by varying the total energy expression with respect to a set of orbitals, subject to constraints on those orbitals, to yield the Kohn–Sham potential as $$v_\text{eff}(\mathbf r) = v_\text{ext}(\mathbf{r}) + e^2 \int \frac{\rho(\mathbf{r}')}{|\mathbf r - \mathbf r'|} \,d\mathbf{r}' + \frac{\delta E_\text{xc}[\rho]}{\delta\rho(\mathbf r)},$$ where the last term $$v_\text{xc}(\mathbf r) \equiv \frac{\delta E_\text{xc}[\rho]}{\delta\rho(\mathbf r)}$$ is the exchange–correlation potential. This term, and the corresponding energy expression, are the only unknowns in the Kohn–Sham approach to density functional theory. An approximation that does not vary the orbitals is Harris functional theory.

The Kohn–Sham orbital energies εi, in general, have little physical meaning (see Koopmans' theorem). The sum of the orbital energies is related to the total energy as $$E = \sum_i^N \varepsilon_i - E_\text{H}[\rho] + E_\text{xc}[\rho] - \int \frac{\delta E_\text{xc}[\rho]}{\delta\rho(\mathbf r)} \rho(\mathbf{r}) \,d\mathbf{r}.$$

Because the orbital energies are non-unique in the more general restricted open-shell case, this equation only holds true for specific choices of orbital energies (see Koopmans' theorem).

title: Kohn–Sham equations


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Dale Patten

Dale Patten is an American politician and former businessman serving as a member of the North Dakota Senate from the 26th district. He previously represented the 39th district.

Background
Patten earned a Bachelor of Science degree in animal science from North Dakota State University. Prior to entering politics, he worked as a banker and served as a member of the McKenzie County Commission from 2000 to 2012. Patten has served on Natural Resources, Taxation, and Transportation committees. He was also selected to serve on the High-Level Radioactive Waste Advisory Council, a joint committee formed by legislators in North Dakota and Montana to discuss the disposal of waste material in the Bakken Formation.

Patten and his wife, Joy, have two children.

title: Dale Patten


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Wikiversity:Wikiversity (overview)

Wikiversity is a proposed project of the Wikimedia Foundation which would serve as a resource specifically focussed on education and learning. There would be a repository of learning resources or "teachers' materials" - activity sheets, slides, posters, etc., and lesson plans for how to incorporate these resources - as supplementary matériel to the text books developed at Wikibooks. Some project members hope it will eventually become a fully-fledged e-learning resource, but the wider community is as yet undecided on how this will be managed or whether it should exist.

History of the project
Wikiversity's concept - one of an augmentation of the text-books to aide learning from them - was initially developed by the writers on Wikibooks, and the project's proponents started small-scale attempts there, resulting in a number of example course materials with a variety of styles currently exist on Wikibooks. Examples of subjects include:

 * Cell Biology
 * Electronics
 * Bioethics
 * Ancient Greek Philosophy
 * Introduction to programming in C
 * Media literacy

See here for a more detailed history of the Wikiversity concept.

Project's identity
In August 2005, the Wikibooks community became dissatisfied with the placing of Wikiversity within Wikibooks, feeling that the creation of accessory learning materials wasn't in-line with the project's goal, and some moved to have it moved elsewhere. A Wikimedia-wide proposal was then put forward for Wikiversity to be created as an fully-fledged project, in which about 300 Wikimedians took part. This gathered a large range of opinions, with over 2/3rds of the participants in favour of going ahead with Wikiversity as a full project. Since then attempts have been made to identify a viable project identity or timeframe for moving Wikiversity forward towards a full project.

What would Wikiversity do?
As previously mentioned, Wikiversity would develop and host learning materials and processes for general educational use. These will be multi-lingual, free to all, and will be developed collaboratively by the community, which is open to anyone, worldwide, with an interest in creating or using these resources.

How would it work?
Wikiversity would work alongside the other Wikimedia projects, including Wikipedia. Wikipedia is already the world's biggest encyclopædia and aims to be the world's best. Large learning communities have formed in the larger projects (like English, French, German, Japanese) and these are all engaged in the production of resources which are free to be used in a variety of ways. Wikiversity would be similar, both in consisting of and being based around a community of people interested in learning, and also in working to complement Wikimedia projects, ie. develop articles for Wikipedia, books for Wikibooks, media files for Wikimedia Commons, and so on. In this sense, participants of Wikiversity would be engaged collectively in a learning process, developed according to their own needs and interests.

Further information
For further insight into the state of Wikiversity, see the Wikiversity discussion page and a workshop/presentation by Board member Florence Nibart-Devouard at the 2005 FLOSS conference in South Africa.

title: Wikiversity:Wikiversity (overview)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Flutchue

The result was delete. - Mailer Diablo 16:47, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Flutchue
This article has been speedied twice as patent nonsense (which it's technically not, patent nonsense being gobblygook-type stuff) and deleted by prod once. It'd go by prod again, but if we get a solid AfD on it, it can be quickly speedied as db-repost. Google hits reveal nothing, and none of this is verified as required. Besides that, it's a dictionary definition, which is, without additional info, prohibited by policy.--Kchase T 08:34, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom - not patent nonsense, but patently silly. BigHaz 08:57, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom and protect it against re-creation. wikipediatrix 11:36, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as silly dicdef. Septentrionalis 13:35, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, my opinion is that it is patent nonsense, but will go with nom. NawlinWiki 14:22, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, fantasy neologism. Nuttah68 15:55, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete Fg2 00:25, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

Flutchue: Any globular object, usually of metal. Flutchues can take the form of spheres, cyclinders, etc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:25, 3 March 2009 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Divernon, Illinois

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title: Talk:Divernon, Illinois


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User:Folkiegirl

About Me
I am a student at Brigham Young University getting a major in the English Language (also known as English Linguistics) with a minor in editing. I'm a huge lover of dance, particularly world dance and ballroom.

title: User:Folkiegirl


text:
USA-92

USA-92, also known as GPS IIA-12, GPS II-21, GPS SVN-39, and NAVSTAR 39, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the twelfth of nineteen Block IIA GPS satellites to be launched.

Background
Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clock navigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55.0°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.

GPS Block 2 was the operational system, following the demonstration system composed of Block 1 (Navstar 1 - 11) spacecraft. These spacecraft were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solar arrays supplied 710 watts of power. They used S-band (SGLS) communications for control and telemetry and Ultra high frequency (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. The payload consisted of two L-band navigation signals at 1575.42 MHz (L1) and 1227.60 MHz (L2). Each spacecraft carried 2 rubidium and 2 Cesium clocks and nuclear detonation detection sensors. Built by Rockwell Space Systems for the U.S. Air force, the spacecraft measured 5.3 m across with solar panels deployed and had a design life of 7.5 years.

Launch
USA-92 was launched at 13:27:00 UTC on 26 June 1993, atop a Delta II launch vehicle, flight number D221, flying in the 7925–9.5 configuration. The launch took place from Launch Complex 17A (LC-17A) at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), and placed USA-92 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37XFP apogee motor.

Mission
On 27 July 1993, USA-92 was in an orbit with a perigee of 20123 km, an apogee of 20246 km, a period of 720.00 minutes, and 54.70° of inclination to the equator. It broadcasts the PRN 09 signal, and operates in slot 1 of plane A of the GPS constellation. The satellite has a mass of 840 kg. It had a design life of 7.5 years; however, it was kept in service for over 20 years before finally decommissioned from service on 19 May 2014.

Following decommissioning, it was subsequently placed in a disposal orbit approximately 1000 km above the operational constellation on 21 September 2015.

title: USA-92


text:
C Source Code/Count the number of vowels in a word

Introduction
Each time you see a vowel, add one. For example:

because.

b (no) e (+1=1) c (no) a (+1=2) u (+1=3) s (no) e (+1=4)

One way of doing this is to scan the string "because" from left to right. We read in a character, and check if it is a vowel. The character is compared to a dictionary of vowels. This "dictionary" is stored in the line static const char vowels[] = "aeiouAEIOU";

so in this code, the lowercase and uppercase letters are all vowels.


text:
User:Librerica

I am a librarian, a "book pilgrim," a published food writer, and a passionate advocate for free access to information. My interest in contributing to Wikipedia is both to assist with reliability and neutrality of information and to develop programs involving Wikipedia to teach information literacy to members of my local community. ~

title: User:Librerica


text:
Topic talk:Entrepreneurial businesses

Grant agency
I'm looking for ideas and resources for forming a grant agency that searches for public and private grants and sponsorships for what I call "quazi-commercial" ventures mostly in Educational Media venues. These ventures have some semblance to commercial ventures, but are formed around NPC guidelines, for example "advertising" is called "underwriting" but can still be expenced as advertizing. Thanks in advance. CQ 05:17, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

active participants?
are all of these supposed participants active?

User: Prof. Vivek Sharma--Prof. Vivek Sharma 07:33, 14 January 2008 (UTC) User:JWSchmidt User:Ray Shan User:CQ User:Reduan User:Ovenheizung

???? Michael Ten (talk) 16:05, 18 December 2012 (UTC)

title: Topic talk:Entrepreneurial businesses


text:
Oscar Lozano (sports shooter)

Óscar Lozano (born 29 September 1928) is a Mexican former sports shooter. He competed in the 50 m rifle event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

title: Oscar Lozano (sports shooter)


text:
CACS/Glossary/Borland

Borland (Company) is a software developer and vendor specializing in development tools, language compilers, and data base platforms. It was founded in 1983, and is located in Scotts Valley, California. Their Web address is Borland.com.

title: CACS/Glossary/Borland


text:
German/Lesson 2

<< Lesson 1 | Lektion 2 | Lektion 3 >>

Fremde und Freunde ~ Strangers and Friends

Grammatik 2-1 ~ Introduction to Verbs
A verb is that part of speech that describes an action. Verbs come in an almost bewildering array of tenses, aspects, and types. For now, we will limit our discussion to verbs used in the present tense — i.e., describing an action occurring in the present. You should start to recognize that the form a verb takes is related to the subject of that verb: the verb form must match the person of the subject. This requirement is sometimes evident in English, but always so in German. Consider the following English and German sentences (the verb is studieren in every case): Several things are illustrated by these sentence pairs. First, all verbs in German follow the rule just stated that a verb form must agree with its subject. Starting in Lektion 6 we will learn the verb forms associated with each person in German. Second, this rule in English applies mostly to the verb 'to be' (e.g., I am, you are, he is, etc.). In some English verbs, the 3rd person singular form is unique, often taking an 's' or 'es' ending: "I give at the office", but "He gives at the office" (and "She studies..." above). Finally, some German verbs are best translated with an English 'to be' verb form added. This is called the progressive form in English ('What are you studying?'), but it does not exist in German. Thus, a verb like nennen can best be translated as "to name" or "to call". The following example may make this clearer. In the present tense, the following statements in English:
 * 'They are calling the corporation, "Trans-Global"'
 * 'They name the corporation, "Trans-Global"'
 * 'They call the corporation, "Trans-Global"'
 * 'They do call the corporation, "Trans-Global"'

are all expressed in German in only one way: Sie nennen die Firma, "Trans-Global". And the question statement: 'Do they call the corporation, "Trans-Global"?' becomes, in German: Nennen sie die Firma, "Trans-Global"?

Grammatik 2-2 ~ Pronouns in the Nominative Case
Most of the personal pronouns introduced in Lektion 1 are used as subjects of their verbs. These represent the nominative case in German (as in English). We will shortly learn three other cases in German: the accusative for direct objects, the dative for indirect objects, and the genitive for expressing possession. For now, remember that the singular personal pronouns in English (nominative case) are "I", "you", and "he/she/it" (1st, 2nd, and 3rd persons) and the nominative case is used as the subject of a verb. In German, these pronouns are rendered as ich, du, and er/sie/es. In these example sentences, the subject of the verb is underlined: There are, of course, plural personal pronouns in the English nominative case: "we", "you", and "they"; and in German, these nominative case pronouns are wir, ihr, and sie. These appear in the following examples (again, subject underlined): In both English and German, the 3rd person singular also has gender. As you will next learn, the 2nd person (person being addressed) in German has both familiar and polite (formal) forms. Further, it is worth repeating here — although introduced in Grammatik 2-1 above and to be covered in detail in future lessons — that the verb form changes when the subject changes. That is, in German the verb form must match the subject of a sentence. Here are some examples; compare with the previous three example sentences above and note how the verb form changed to match the sentence subject (subject and verb underlined): In the last example, the English verb form ('have') also changed based upon the subject of the sentence.

Gespräch 2-1 ~ Die Geschäftsleute

 * Herr Schmidt trifft Frau Baumann. Sie sind Geschäftsleute und sie arbeiten an dem Hauptsitz.
 * Herr Schmidt:  Guten Tag, Frau Baumann!
 * Frau Baumann: Guten Tag, Herr Schmidt!
 * Herr Schmidt:  Wie geht es Ihnen?
 * Frau Baumann: Sehr gut, danke. Und Ihnen?
 * Herr Schmidt:  Auch gut.
 * Frau Baumann: Schön. Haben Sie Herrn Standish schon getroffen?
 * Herr Schmidt:  Aus England? Nein. Ist er zu Besuch?
 * Frau Baumann: Ja. Das ist richtig! Auf Wiedersehen, Herr Schmidt!
 * Herr Schmidt:  Auf Wiedersehen, Frau Baumann!

In this conversation, although the subject matter is basically casual, a more formal form of German is being used intoning respect between coworkers in an office setting. The polite form is expressed by the pronouns as explained below (Grammatik 2-3).

Vokabeln 2-1
die Anleitungen         instructions das Deutsch             German (language)         (more common is die deutsche Sprache) der Fremde              foreigner, stranger die Firma               company, firm, business concern die Frage               question die Geschäftsleute      business people           (die Leute = people) der Hauptsitz           head office               (das Haupt = head or chief) der Tag                 day, daytime

aus England             from England Das ist richtig! That is right! Frau Baumann            Ms. Baumann Herr Schmidt            Mr. Schmidt zu Besuch               visiting arbeiten                work getroffen               (have) met                (past participle of treffen) nennen                  name, call

alle                    all an                      at Ihnen                    (with or to) you          (polite form) heute                   today ihr                     you (plural), you all ja                      yes nein                    no richtig                  correct sie                     they                      (note: also "she") Sie                     you                       (polite form) wir                     we
 * Pronunciation Guide >>

Grammatik 2-3 ~ Familiar and Polite Pronoun Forms
Many pronouns were introduced in Lesson 1. In Grammatik 2-1 and Gespräch 2-1 we have been presented with the following additional pronouns: Ihnen – (to) you   (2nd person singular, dative case) ihr – you     (2nd person, plural, nominative case) sie – they    (3rd person, plural, nominative case) Sie – you     (2nd person, singular, nominative case) wir – we      (1st person, plural, nominative case) In the conversations between friends presented in Gespräche 1-1 and 1-2 (Lektion 1) the familiar form of the personal pronouns (e.g., du, dir) was used. However, German also has a polite or formal form of some of these personal pronouns. The polite form is used in conversations between strangers and more formal situations, as illustrated in the Gespräch 2-1: greetings between business associates.

The polite form is always first-letter capitalized in German, which can be helpful in differentiating Sie (you) from sie (she and they); Ihnen (you) from ihnen (them). However, you will soon learn that the form of the verb (see Grammatik 2-3 below) is most telling, as shown by these example pairs using the verb, haben (have): Because the first letter in a sentence is always capitalized, we cannot determine (without the verb form) whether the second and third examples begin with sie ('she' or 'they') or with Sie (polite 'you'); a problem that would also exist in conversation. The fourth example, where subject and verb are reversed in a question, demonstrates the pronoun 'they'; compare it with the polite 'you' in the first example.

It is relatively easy for an English speaker to appreciate how context, especially in conversation, overcomes confusion considering that English has fewer forms for these pronouns than German. However, this fact does present some difficulty when learning German, since improper use of a pronoun may just create confusion in speaking or writing German.

Gespräch 2-2 ~ Die Geschäftsmänner

 * Herr Schmidt und Herr Standish begegnen sich am Hauptsitz:

Vereinigtes Königreich von Großbritannien und Nordirland Bundesrepublik Deutschland

 * Herr Schmidt: Guten Morgen, Herr Standish! Wie geht es Ihnen?
 * Herr Standish: Danke sehr, es geht mir gut. Und Ihnen?
 * Herr Schmidt: Nicht so gut. Ich bin müde.
 * Herr Standish: Wie bitte? Müde? Warum?
 * Herr Schmidt: Ich habe so viel Arbeit.
 * Herr Standish: Das kann ich verstehen. Zu viel ist zu viel.
 * Herr Schmidt: Das ist richtig. Auf Wiedersehen, Herr Standish!
 * Herr Standish: Auf Wiedersehen, bis morgen.

Vokabeln 2-2
die Bundesrepublik Deutschland Federal Republic of Germany die Geschäftsmänner           businessmen            (die Geschäftsleute is preferred) Großbritannien                Great Britain          (technically Vereinigtes Königreich                                                        von Großbritannien und Nordirland) der Morgen                    morning die Übersetzung               translation

bis morgen                    until tomorrow Guten Morgen! Good morning          (greeting) nicht so gut                  not so well so viel                       so much Wie bitte? How is that? zu viel                       too much

bis                           until kein                          no                     (in the sense on "none") müde                          tired nicht                         not sich                          each other warum ? why ?
 * Pronunciation Guide >>

Grammatik 2-4 ~ Personal pronoun gender
In both English and German the 3rd person personal pronouns have gender (Grammatik 1-3). However, in English, the pronoun "it" is used for most inanimate or non-living things. There are a few exceptions: a ship might be referred to as "she". However, in German, the 3rd person personal pronoun reflects the gender of the noun (antecedent) referred to by the pronoun. For examples: The following table summarizes these gender relationships:

Übersetzung 2-1
You may, at this point, try the flash cards developed for Level I German. This set has a few words and concepts not yet presented in Level II, but for the most part can be very helpful in enhancing your vocabulary. Go to FlashcardExchange.com.

Translate the following sentences into German. Pay attention to whether familiar or polite form of the pronoun is requested:
 * 1) Good day, Ms. Neumann. How are you? [in polite conversational form]
 * 2) I am well, thank you. And you? [in polite form]
 * 3) I am well, thank you. And you? [in familiar form]
 * 4) Katrin is studying math.
 * 5) They meet each other at the head office.
 * 6) I do understand the instructions.
 * 7) Is she visiting from England?
 * 8) How is that? You have too much work? [in polite form]
 * 9) Good bye, Mr. Smith. Until tomorrow morning?

 * Antworten >

title: German/Lesson 2


text:
Talk:Dick Spring

Date of birth
The main article says 'Richard "Dick" Spring (born 29 August 1950)' but the info box says 'Date of birth 23 August 1956 (age 54)'.

Which is it then? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:19, 9 March 2011 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 17:55, 9 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Dick Spring 1995.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 13:23, 10 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Dick Spring 1995.jpg

title: Talk:Dick Spring


text:
kaikista

Pronoun

 * 1) of all emphasizing a superlative
 * 1) of all emphasizing a superlative
 * 1) of all emphasizing a superlative
 * 1) of all emphasizing a superlative

title: kaikista


text:
ulottuvilla

Adverb

 * 1) within reach, handy; normally used with a noun or pronoun in genitive, or a possessive suffix to specify within reach of what something is kept

title: ulottuvilla


text:
User:Lt.Gen.david damp

CH.RAMZAN CHOHAN,EX MPA CANDIDATE,,, former royal cadet instructor,,,,a person who refused to bend down in front of maharaja of kashmir and refused to shot Muslims in 1947 independence war,,,he was offered colonel ship but he refused to get the rank.gen.zia ul haq,gen azam and many notable army personnel were his students.

His family is residing in village barapind in pakistan.

title: User:Lt.Gen.david damp


text:
Eckard II, Margrave of Meissen

Eckard II (Ekkehard; c. 985 – 24 January 1046) was Margrave of Lusatia (as Eckard I) from 1034 and Margrave of Meissen from 1038 until his death. He was the last of his dynasty, with his death the line of Ekkeharding margraves descending from Eckard I of Meissen (d. 1002) became extinct.

Life
He was a younger son of Margrave Eckard I of Meissen and his wife Swanehilde. Eckard was a count in the Gau Chutizi east of Merseburg as well as in the burgward of Teuchern. Upon the assassination of his father in 1002, Eckard II and his elder brother Herman I ruled over the Ekkeharding allodial lands, while the Meissen margravial title first passed to their uncle Gunzelin feuding with his nephews until his deposition in 1009. During the German–Polish War around the Lusatian and Milceni lands, the brothers were able to maintain the rule over the Meissen lands until fighting ended with the 1018 Peace of Bautzen.

About 1026, Eckard married Uta von Ballenstedt, sister of the Saxon count Esico of Ballenstedt, progenitor of the noble House of Ascania. The marriage remained childless. With the consent of Emperor Conrad II, he and his brother Herman had the seat of the Bishopric of Zeitz relocated to Naumburg Cathedral in 1028–29.

In 1034 Eckard II became Margrave of Lusatia (Lower Lusatia) after his followers had slain the Wettin margrave Theoderic II, husband of Eckard's sister Matilda. Four years later he succeeded his brother Herman as Margrave of Meissen.

As guardian of the German eastern frontiers against Poland and Bohemia, he was often serving Emperor Conrad II and his successor King Henry III against these menaces, including the "Bohemian Achilles", Duke Bretislaus I. In 1039 Bretislaus, allied with King Peter of Hungary, who was at the same time raiding the Bavarian Avar March, made great gains in Poland, plundering Kraków and Gniezno, where he took along the relics of Saint Adalbert of Prague. In turn, King Henry III launched a campaign against him, together with his loyalest and most trusted allies, Archbishop Bardo of Mainz and Margrave Eckard. The Saxon forces led by the Meissen margrave took part in both of the king's expedition's, in 1040 and 1041: the first unsuccessful, the latter a victory which forced Duke Bretislaus to submit and conclude a peace treaty.

Margrave Eckard remained one of Henry's closest advisors until his death during a Saxon epidemic of 1046. He bequeathed his exceptional wealth and his margravial titles and lands to King Henry, who bestowed the margraviate on the Thuringian count William IV of Weimar.

He and his wife Uta von Ballenstedt were immortalized by their famous donor portraits by the Naumburg Master in the Naumburg Cathedral.

title: Eckard II, Margrave of Meissen


text:
Talk:David Brcic

85-86
He was the 1985-86 Gold Glove MISL GK of the year. Libro0 (talk) 23:38, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

Copyright problem
This article has been revised as part of a large-scale clean-up project of multiple article copyright infringement. Earlier text must not be restored, unless it can be verified to be free of infringement. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions must be deleted. Contributors may use sources as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously. --Whpq (talk) 14:27, 23 September 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Brcic


text:
fotografija

Etymology
Borrowed from, ultimately a modern coinage based on (combining form ) and.

Noun

 * 1) photography

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) photography

Noun

 * 1) a photograph, picture
 * 2) photography

Noun

 * 1) photograph

title: fotografija


text:
Priest (writer)

Priest (pseudonym) (born 13 June 1988 ) is a Chinese author whose works are published online. She has been actively writing since 2007 and has received several awards for her writing. She is signed by the web-based publisher Jinjiang Literature City. She is considered to be among the top five Chinese writers catering to women's interests. She is known for writing various genres of danmei, as well as novels featuring female protagonists. Her works have been adapted into manhua, donghua, and Chinese dramas. Many of her novels have been translated into Korean, Thai, Vietnamese, Traditional Chinese, and Japanese versions. The dramas Guardian, Legend of Fei, Word of Honor, and Justice in the Dark are based on Priest's novels.

Life
Priest graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University. She then attended Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. She works full-time, writing on the side. She has a cat named Pizai (皮仔).

Writing
Priest's works have deep humanistic themes, reflecting reality and women's growth. The Biennial Network Literature Award stated: “This work [You Fei] gives full play to the author's ability to control the grand historical theme, vertically continues the classic context of the wuxia novel genre, horizontally connects with the female Internet text, and opens up new possibilities in the old type tradition. The novel has a grand structure, steady rhythm, concise language, delicate and touching characters, and delicate emotions. It is a rare masterpiece of contemporary network wuxia novels." Her novel You Fei was also praised by Sixth Tone for being a unique martial arts piece that focuses on a woman in a genre that is usually male-centered.

Tan Tian of Literature and Art Newspaper says that Priest's Mo Du demonstrates an: "…inheritance of traditional literary resources, which is mainly manifested in three aspects: titles, selected sentences, and contents are integrated into the elements of traditional literary resources; realistic style is concerned about social hot issues; the slow introduction of narrative rhythm and complex story structure suggest that network literature extradite the essence of traditional literature."

About Priest's Can Ci Pin, the 30th China Science Fiction Galaxy Awards stated, "Under the surface of all kinds of sci-fi elements such as mechs, cyber, and interstellar wars, there lies a story about the warmth of humanity. The author uses a first-class narrative ability, bringing sci-fi to a much wider audience."

Xia Lie, vice president of the Chinese Writers Association's Institute of Online Literature, described Priest as a talented writer covering a broad range of genres, from romance and martial arts to science fiction and danmei, with her quality and creativity sets Priest apart from other writers.

Japan

 * Guardian (镇魂), online serialization, volume 1, June 2021–August 2022
 * The Defectives (残次品), online serialization, February 2023

Korea

 * 묵독 (默读)
 * 진혼 (镇魂)
 * 유비 (有匪)
 * 살파랑 (杀破狼), online serialization, January 2020
 * 열화요수 (烈火浇愁), online serialization, September 2021
 * 잔차품 (残次品), online serialization, August 2021

Russia

 * Убить волка (杀破狼)

USA/Canada

 * Stars of Chaos (杀破狼), volume 1, July 2023
 * Guardian (镇魂), volume 1, May 2023

Singapore

 * Coins of Destiny (六爻), print only, 2024
 * Drowning Sorrows in Raging Fire (烈火浇愁), print only, 2024
 * The Defectives (残次品), print only, 2024

Taiwan

 * 殺破狼(杀破狼)
 * 獸叢之刀(兽丛之刀)
 * 鎮魂 (镇魂)
 * 最後的守衛 (最后的守卫)
 * 天涯客
 * 脫軌(脱轨)
 * 有匪

Thailand

 * ฆ่าหมาป่า (杀破狼)
 * นักรบพเนจรสุดขอบฟ้า (天涯客)
 * Guardian (镇魂)
 * หลิวเหยา (六爻)

Vietnam

 * Sát Phá Lang (杀破狼)
 * Đại Ca (大哥)
 * Đọc Thầm (默读)
 * Thất Gia (七爷)
 * Trấn Hồn (镇魂)
 * Tàn Thứ Phẩm (残次品)

Short stories

 * "Ci Sha/刺杀/Assassinate" (2015) in Machine Fantasy - A Dream of Steampunk (机械幻想- 蒸汽朋克之梦)
 * "Hei Se Fang Zhou/黑色方舟/Black Ark" (2013) in The Locked Room (上锁的房间)

Online short stories

 * "Gou/狗/Dog" (2014)
 * "Yi Qian Nian Yi Hou/一千年以后/A Thousand Years Later" (2009)
 * "月光灿烂丑小鸭" (2009)
 * "Meng Ji/梦祭/Dream Sacrifice" (2008)

Online essay

 * "21岁/21 Years Old" (2010)

Online Literature Awards / Recognitions

 * One of the five classic writers selected for 20 Years of Chinese Network Literature
 * 4th Orange Melon Network Literature Award
 * 2020 Orange Melon Network Literature: Top Ten Wuxia Authors in the Past 20 Years
 * 2020 Orange Melon Network Literature: Top 100 Great God Authors in 20 Years of Network Literature
 * 2020 Orange Melon Network Literature: Top 100 Industry Representatives of Network Literature in the Past 20 Years

You Fei

 * 2nd Network Literature Biennial Award – Bronze Award
 * 2016 Novel Reading List – Novel of the Year award, Best Ancient Saying of the Year, Best Plot of the Year, Author of the Year
 * 2017 Weibo Reading – Top Ten Asian books
 * 2017 Novel Reading List – Most Anticipated Screen Adaptation, Most Popular Ancient Chinese Work
 * 2016 Douban Annual Reading List – Top 1 Fantasy Genre
 * 2017 Douban Annual Reading List – Top 1 Fantasy Genre
 * 2016-2017 Network Committee of China Literary Critics Association, Guangming Literary Criticism Editorial Office, China Youth Publishing House – Top 10 of Recommended Chinese Online Novels List
 * Online Literature Masterpiece with the Most Copyright Value in 2020 (Historical Genre)

Zhen Hun

 * China's IP Industry Report 2016 – China's Super IP-Top 100 Influence List

Mo Du

 * 2018 Douban Annual Reading List – Top 1 Suspense/Mystery Genre
 * 2018 4th Chinese Original Fiction Awards – Most Popular Work

Can Ci Pin

 * 2019 30th Chinese Science Fiction Galaxy Awards – Best Original Book (published by Jiangsu Phoenix Literature and Art Publishing House)
 * 2019 Top Ten Best Searchlight Chinese Literature Books of 2019

Network Literature Authors List

 * No.5 in the Top 50 Influence Ranking of Chinese Women Writers of Network Literature in 2020
 * No.8 in the Top 50 Influence Ranking of Chinese Women Writers of Network Literature in 2019
 * No.11 in the Top 50 Influence Ranking of Chinese Women Writers of Network Literature in 2018
 * No. 23 in the Top 50 Influence Ranking of Chinese Women Writers of Network Literature in 2017
 * No.5 in the 5th Network Literature Authors List of Influential Dangdang Authors

Jinjiang Literature City Awards/Recognitions

 * 2010 – Qi Ye won outstanding BL (Boys Love) works
 * 2011 – Tian Ya Ke won outstanding BL (Boys Love) works
 * 2012 – Zhen Hun won outstanding BL (Boys Love) works
 * 2013 – Da Ying Xiong Shi Dai won outstanding modern romance
 * 2013 – Da Ge won outstanding BL (Boys Love) works
 * 2014 – Shan He Biao Li won outstanding BL (Boys Love) works
 * 2015 – Sha Po Lang won outstanding BL (Boys Love) works
 * 2016 – Most Valuable Author of IP adaptation
 * 2016 – You Fei won excellent historical romance works
 * 2016 – Mo Du won outstanding BL (Boys Love) works
 * 2017 – Most Valuable Author of IP adaptation
 * 2017 – Most Popular Author
 * 2017 – Can Ci Pin won the Year's Danmei Masterpiece
 * 2018 – Most Influential Author of IP adaptation
 * 2018 – Most Popular Author
 * 2018 – Wu Wu Ran, Wu Gong Hai was a top ten work of modern romance for the year
 * 2019 – Most Influential Author of IP adaptation
 * 2019 – Most Popular Author
 * 2019 – Lie Huo Jiao Chou won the Year's Danmei Masterpiece
 * 2021 - Tai Sui won a Year-end Masterpiece medal

Richest Chinese Authors (based on royalties)

 * 2019 List of Richest Chinese Authors – 17th

title: Priest (writer)


text:
Wikiversity:Templates

Welcome to the Template Taskforce! This is part of the MediaWiki Project.

This is (will be) a guide to creating, perfecting, deploying and documenting templates used at Wikiversity.

Introduction to templates
A template is a page created to be included in other pages. Templates usually contain repetitive material that might need to show up on any number of articles or pages. They are commonly used for boilerplate messages, standard warnings or notices, infoboxes and similar purposes.

The most common method of inclusion is called transclusion, where the wikitext of the target page contains a reference to the template, using the  syntax. Another method is substitution, where the content of the template is copied into the wikitext of the target page, just once, when it is saved.

Wikipedia:Help:A quick guide to templates gives a brief introduction to the subject. There is further help from MediaWiki and Wikimedia at mw:Help:Templates, m:Help:Template and m:Help:Advanced templates.

Prerequisites
Please take the Guided tour if you haven't already.

Recommended:
 * Introduction to Wiki
 * Wiki 101

See also Topic:MediaWiki and join the MediaWiki Project if you wish.

Immediate needs
Templates imported from other projects often need updating to reflect the needs of Wikiversity, and documentation of their intended use, variations, and substitution procedures, etc. See a complete list of templates. Please include templates that need work below along with a brief summary of what attention is needed:

 * Categorising uncategorised templates!
 * Category:Protected templates. Go through these and see which ones are actually protected or not.
 * Welcome. Please help keep an eye on user creation log and add this template quickly to their user discussion page.
 * wikiversity. Make sure wikipedia articles point to the right place at Wikiversity and only appear in the External links section of Wikipedia articles.
 * Reading Group template for Wikipedia -- similar to the above template but pointing towards Portal:Reading groups as well.
 * A basic set of page navigation templates such as those used at the bottom of Music genre and History of Europe. See AI navbar 0 for a simple example.

Community Review
Administering Wikiversity - this is what made what you see to the right Here are a couple of nominees: -
 * Custodians - custodians use the custodian (sysop) template - custodians is under development
 * Catalyst - any user can become a catalyst by volunteering and taking initiative.

VOTE: support - oppose - comment - question mark

Learning groups
Main page learning project - this is the group that maintains our portal to the public

General knowlege for template editors: Important: See Category:Page creation templates for ideas on how to create whole pages from templates called "boilerplates".
 * Topic:MediaWiki
 * Welcome templates
 * Help:Project boxes

Learning projects
We will learn some fundementals by creating some new templates. Please list needed needed templates here:
 * Template:TemplateTaskforce - Place TemplateTaskforce on the  Template_talk  page associated with a template that you feel needs attention.
 * Template:Wiki101 came from and goes along with lesson Wiki 101
 * Template:User oops is a fun template to look at and study. It's used as an example at Wiki 101.
 * Barnstorm (Barnstar Brainstorm) - This is where we discuss award templates for Wikiversity.
 * Avoid /potential conflicts, and name your templates specifically
 * Mentors. Create and use mentor templates so learners can find you.

 * ...edit me to add an interesting template...

Getting Started
Make sure you have read through Wiki 101, paying particular attention to the Templates section. That section deals with small templates that are added to pages as reusable infoboxes, navigational aids and such. Our textbook is the Help:Template section of the MediaWiki Handbook at Meta. Please sign up below and introduce yourself at Wikiversity talk:Templates.

Participants

 * CQ
 * TheJF
 * Countrymike
 * Dark Mage
 * Gaidheal1

de:Wikiversity:Liste der Vorlagen fr:Wikiversité:Modèles

title: Wikiversity:Templates


text:
Molinology

Molinology (from Latin: molīna, mill; and Greek λόγος, study) is the study of mills and other similar devices which use energy for mechanical purposes such as grinding, fulling or sawing.

Mill technology
The term "Molinology" was coined in 1965 by the Portuguese industrial historian João Miguel dos Santos Simões. Mills make use of moving water or wind, or the strength of animal or human muscle to power machines for purposes such as hammering, grinding, pumping, sawing, pressing or fulling. Since the material resources and technology available to harness mill power have varied across societies and across time, different human societies developed different solutions to the problem. Thus molinology is a multidisciplinary area of study which reaches beyond mechanical analysis of the mills.

Cultural and scientific interest in molinology is maintained by The International Molinological Society (TIMS), a non-profit organisation which brings together around five hundred members worldwide. It was founded in 1973 after earlier international symposia in 1965 and 1969. The Society aims to retain the knowledge of those traditional engines which have been rendered obsolete by modern technical and economic trends.

title: Molinology


text:
Graphic Design

Graphic design is the study about the layout of media elements, such as images and text in publication, design wraps, websites, or in display in devices (including large TV etc.). There are a number of elements to graphic design, including design principles, image manipulation, graphic creation, and typographic skills.

Resources

 * /2D Design/
 * /Elements of Design/
 * /Design Process/
 * /Using a Grid/
 * /Logo Design/
 * /Glossary/

Software

 * Poster design
 * Book design
 * Brochure design
 * Illustration
 * Typography
 * Web design

Wikipedia

 * Graphic design
 * Graphic designer
 * Graphic design occupations
 * Motion graphic design
 * Environmental graphic design
 * World graphic design day
 * Sustainable graphic design
 * User interface design

Wikibooks

 * Graphic Design

title: Graphic Design


text:
Using GNOME/File manager changes

Nautilus underwent several changes between versions 2.4 and 2.6; most notable is the change in the default browsing method. In 2.4, the file manager used a "browse" view similar to using a Web browser; all folders opened in the same window, and it could be used to view files as well. GNOME 2.6 uses a spatial interface by default, which, in essence, makes the window the folder. Each folder opens in a separate window, and this window remembers its size, position, and even location in the file listings.

Some users of GNOME dislike the new interface; it is easy to switch back to the old one by using the Browse Folder command, or by using the GConf editor to force these changes in the file manager by default. To do this, open gconf-editor, open /apps/nautilus/preferences, and check "always-use-browser".

A "Computer" icon has also been added to the desktop, which shows disk drives; network computers; and remote FTP, SSH, and WebDAV servers.

The file chooser dialog was completely revamped, replacing the older, harder-to-use version with one resembling the Windows XP file dialog. The newer window shows the path to your location as a series of clickable buttons that will bring you back to that directory. One con of the new "open" dialog is that it no longer allows the user to type in the filename, however.

Back to contents page

title: Using GNOME/File manager changes


text:
User:TheenMoy/PowerHealth Solutions

PowerHealth Solutions (PHS) is an Australian software vendor specialising in business improvement software for hospitals, including patient costing, hospital billing and enterprise reporting.

History

 * 1995 Patrick Power started PJ Power Consulting in Australia.
 * 2000 The company acquired a new partner, Paul Venables, and changed its name to Power Solutions Dtd.
 * 2002 Released first software product 'PowerCost Manager', which won the Asia Pacific ICT Award for Health.
 * 2003 Expanded to New Zealand and the United States.
 * 2006 Changed company name to 'PowerHealth Solutions' to affirm commitment to the health industry.
 * 2009 Expanded to the UK . Acquired Web Alliance for its patient billing software.
 * 2011 Elected a Board of Directors.

title: User:TheenMoy/PowerHealth Solutions


text:
Category talk:Decades by continent

Ancient period
Categories by continent before the 500s were deleted following consensus at Categories_for_discussion/Log/2017_July_29. – Fayenatic  L ondon 14:33, 24 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Decades by continent


text:
Akitu

Akitu or Akitum is a spring festival and New Year's celebration, held on the first day of the Assyrian and Babylonian Nisan in ancient Mesopotamia and in Assyrian communities around the world, to celebrate the sowing of barley. Akitu originates from the Sumerian spring New Year festival of Zagmuk.

Babylonian Akitu
The Babylonian festival traditionally started on 4 Nissan, the first month of the year, as a celebration of the sowing of barley. All the people in the city would celebrate, including the awilu (upper class), muskena (middle class), wardu (lower class), High Priest, and the King.

First to Third Day
The priest of Ésagila (Marduk's house) would recite sad prayers with the other priests and the people would answer with equally sad prayers which expressed humanity's fear of the unknown. This fear of the unknown explains why the high priest would head to the Ésagila every day asking for Marduk's forgiveness, begging him to protect Babylon, his holy city, and asking him to have favor on the city. This prayer was called "The Secret Of Ésagila". It reads: On the second day the high priest would bathe in the Euphrates River before performing special prayers at the temple with the other priests.

On the third day special craftsmen would create two puppets made of wood, gold, and precious stones and dress them in red. These puppets were set aside and would be used on the sixth day. Meanwhile, the priests and the people would pray before sunset. The king took a statue of Nabu son of Marduk into the temple to be worshipped.

Fourth Day
The fourth day involved memorials and celebration. The priests would tell creation stories while the people would sing and dance.

Fifth Day
On this day the public would gather at the river to eat together and celebrate. Meanwhile, the king was brought to the temple, where he would show humility before the gods. The high priest would slap the king as a way to further induce humility; the king's tears were seen as a good omen for the coming year. The priests would then reintroduce the king to the public.

Sixth Day
Before the gods arrived, the day would be filled with commotion. The puppets that were made on the third day would be burned and mock battle would be taking place as well. This commotion signified that without Marduk, the city would be in constant chaos. The priests would also collect all statues of the gods on this day and bring them inside the temple.

Seventh Day
Marduk was said to disappear on this day to go fight the goddess Tiamat. Nabu and other gods were said to go out to go rescue Marduk from a prison in the mountains of the universe.

Eighth Day
It was said that on this day the other gods would give their power to Marduk, making him the supreme god.

Ninth Day
On this day a large procession was held with the king and the gods, adorned with gold and precious stones.

Tenth Day
It is said that on this day Marduk began celebrating his victory alongside the other gods. He returned to the capital to perform a ritual marriage ceremony to ensure the fertility of the land.

Eleventh Day
The gods return accompanied by their Lord Marduk to meet again in the Destinies Hall "Upshu Ukkina", where they met for the first time on the eighth day, this time they will decide the fate of the people of Marduk. In ancient Assyrian philosophy Creation in general was considered as a covenant between heaven and earth as long as a human serves the gods till his death, therefore, gods' happiness isn't complete except if humans are happy as well, thus a human's destiny will be to be given happiness on the condition that he serves the gods. So Marduk and the gods renew their covenant with Babylon, by promising the city another cycle of seasons. After the fate of mankind is decided, Marduk returns to the heavens.

Twelfth Day
On the last day of the festival it was believed that the gods returned to the temple.

Legacy
The festival was also adopted in the Neo-Assyrian Empire following the destruction of Babylon. King Sennacherib in 683 BC built an "Akitu house" outside the walls of Assur. Another Akitu house was built outside Nineveh. The Akitu festival was continued throughout the Seleucid Empire and into the Roman Empire period. At the beginning of the 3rd century, it was still celebrated in Emessa, Syria, in honour of the god Elagabal. The Roman emperor Elagabalus (r. 218-222), who was of Syrian origin, even introduced the festival in Italy (Herodian, Roman History, 5.6).

The new moon of Aviv, the month of barley ripening, marks the beginning of the Jewish ecclesiastical year. Since the Babylonian captivity, this month has mainly been called Nisan

Kha b-Nisan is the name of the spring festival among the Assyrians. The festival is celebrated on April 1, corresponding to the start of the Assyrian calendar.

The Assyrian and Babylonian Akitu festival has played a pivotal role in the development of theories of religion, myth and ritual. While the purpose of the festival remains a point of contention among both historians of religion and Assyriologists, it is certain to have played a pivotal role in the regular setting of an agenda, priorities, and in the overall advancement of Western Civilization as being one of the first regularly occurring forums where proposals for social maintenance or change could consistently be made and crucial issues readily addressed.

Modern observances
The modern observance of Akitu began in the 1960s during the Assyrian intellectual renaissance.  Due to political oppression, however, the celebrations were largely private until the 1990s.  It is interchangeably referred to as Akitu and Assyrian New Year, and unlike the historical festival it is only celebrated for one day, the first of April.

Assyrians continue to observe and celebrate Akitu with parades, picnics, and parties both in Iraq and in the diaspora. Those celebrating will wear traditional Assyrian clothing and poppies and use the greetings Reesh Shato Brikhto, Reesha D’Sheeta Brikhta or ''Akitu Breekha. '' Some people will dress up as ancient Assyrian royalty.   Due to its modern alignment with April Fool's Day, the festival is often more lighthearted than its historical counterpart.

One tradition, Deqna Nissan or "The Beard of April", involves Assyrian women gathering plants and flowers and fashioning them into a garland for a home's front door.  Newer traditions have also arisen in diaspora communities. The Assyrian community in Yonkers, New York has a tradition of raising the Assyrian flag in front of City Hall on April 1.

title: Akitu


text:
User:Avi Penhollow

Avi Penhollow, born Steven Edward Penhollow, is the Presiding Archbishop of the Mar Thoma Orthodox Church in America.

title: User:Avi Penhollow


text:
Talk:George Remus

Was He Disbarred?
Nothing in the article, though he was sent to prison for a felony. That usually does it.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:25, 13 December 2017 (UTC)

Hoax Tag
A previous version of this article referred to the contents as a "Fictional Account". This hoax tag, therefore, should not be removed until the article is referenced with reputable sources.--M @ r ē ino 22:14, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

There was a fictional book written about the life of George Remus, this is probably why it was referred to as a fictional account. Here's a link to a story about it in a Cincinnati magazine Citybeat http://www.citybeat.com/2002-01-03/books.shtml.

Third Opinion
The tag should remain until sources are provided. If it's so important to certain editors to remove the tag, then go find some reliable sources and cite them here properly.

All Wikipedia articles are subject to verification and if proper sources are not provided, the content may be disputed. Kafziel 14:26, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

The account given seems consistent with the story in THE LONG THIRST--PROHIBITION IN AMERICA: 1920-1933 by Thomas M. Coffey, W.W. Norton & Co, New York City 1975. Tex 18:09, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

PS Here I am speaking only of Remus. I don't know about the hotel mentioned, or indeed what possible bearing it has on Remus. Tex 18:16, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

Remus and Fitzgerald
I'm sticking this in here until it can be verified tied back to the article subject, which it currently is not Grobertson 20:29, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

 * The Seelbach Hilton is a hotel that has attracted the rich and famous for almost 100 years. F. Scott Fitzgerald was one of the hotel's most significant visitors, as he references the hotel in his book "The Great Gatsby." The Seelbach Hilton's past is filled with tales of 1920s gangsters and U.S. presidents.

 * In the 1920s, Prohibition contributed to the wealth of underworld kingpins who were drawn to the most glamorous spots for cards and leisure. The Seelbach, as the grandest hotel in Louisville and the center of Kentucky's bourbon and whiskey country, attracted some of the most famous gangsters. Notorious figures included Lucky Luciano and Dutch Schultz -- known as the "Beer Baron of the Bronx."

Pontiac gifts for 1923 party
The reference to guests receiving new Pontiacs at a 1923 party is incorrect, as Pontiacs were only introduced in 1926. Asd36f (talk) 01:19, 18 October 2012 (UTC)

Photo of Imogene Remus
I'm no photo expert - can anyone confirm if this photo at the Library of Congress is of Imogene Remus? Kelly hi! 22:10, 13 April 2013 (UTC)

Compare with this copyrighted photo: Imogene Remus, 1923

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:59, 28 June 2014 (UTC)

Yes, that is Imogene. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Remushistory (talk • contribs) 14:47, 30 January 2020 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on George Remus. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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title: Talk:George Remus


text:
Top-rated United States television programs of 1961–62

This table displays the top-rated primetime television series of the 1961–62 season as measured by Nielsen Media Research.


text:
Grand Army of the Republic Memorial (Siloam Springs, Arkansas)

The Grand Army of the Republic Memorial is a monument in Twin Springs Park of Siloam Springs, Arkansas. Located in the southern part of the park, it consists of a concrete foundation, on which rest two tiers of granite slabs, laid horizontally. These are topped by a vertical granite column that has an onion form at the top. The sides of the horizontal slabs are rusticated, as are three sides of the column. The fourth side is engraved, from the top down, with an inverted five-point star labelled "GAR", then the words "IN GOD WE TRUST", then a Maltese cross engraved "WOMEN'S RELIEF CORPS 1833", then "ERECTED BY/CURTIS POST/1928", and finally a wreath topped by an eagle and crossed cannons, with "US" in the center surrounded by "PRESERVED BY THE GRACE OF GOD". The memorial was placed in 1928, and is the only known memorial statewide to mention the Grand Army's Women's Relief Corps.

The monument was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.


text:
Mildred Blount

Mildred Blount (1907–1974) was an African-American milliner best known for her creations worn by celebrities, members of high society, and featured in films such as Gone with the Wind.

Her artistic philosophy was: "Make the hat fit the individual." To Blount, "hats … express something- modes, people, stories-," and over her career, she strove to put that message into her work.

Career
Blount's interest in millinery grew out of her time working at Madame Clair's Dress and Hat Shop in New York City. She and her sister, who was a dressmaker, opened their own dress and hat shop aimed at serving wealthy New Yorkers.

After Blount's designs were shown at the 1939 New York World's Fair, her career took off. She was asked to design hats for the films Gone with the Wind and Easter Parade as well as for the cover of the August 1942 Ladies' Home Journal. Later in the 1940s, she ran a hat shop in Beverly Hills, California. Her clients included Joan Crawford, Rosalind Russell, Gloria Vanderbilt, Marian Anderson, and others. She was the first African American member of the Motion Pictures Costumers Union, which allowed her to work in film studios.

Blount reportedly died in 1974 in Los Angeles, California.

title: Mildred Blount


text:
nervio

Etymology
From, (13th century, ), from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  nerve
 * 2)  vein, nerve
 * 3)  tendon
 * 4)  strength; steadiness
 * 5)  nerves, agitation
 * 1)  strength; steadiness
 * 2)  nerves, agitation
 * 1)  nerves, agitation

Etymology
,, inherited from.

Noun

 * 1) nerve

title: nervio


text:
Horseshoe Bridge

The Horseshoe Bridge in Perth, Western Australia is a traffic bridge that connects the Perth CBD to Northbridge, carrying William Street. It was constructed in 1904 to pass over the Fremantle railway line, with the horseshoe shape designed to fit the approach ramps into a constricted site.

Description
The Horseshoe Bridge is a classically inspired brick and stucco traffic bridge located in the central business district of Perth, Western Australia. The bridge connects the Perth CBD to Northbridge by allowing traffic to continue along William Street and was originally designed to pass over the surface level railway lines that for many years existed to the west of Perth railway station. The bridge's name is derived from its shape: a horseshoe. This design was an innovative solution to the problem of bridging a railway within tight urban constraints.

The bridge is a handsome structure of its period and a very sophisticated piece of urban design. The main structural elements of the bridge are of steel, and it is supported by a series of semi-circular arches with rendered decorative treatment. Many of the arches on the Wellington Street elevation have been enclosed with glass, which in the past created shop fronts to retail spaces behind. The balustrades are rendered concrete and sculptures of swans decorate the end piers. These were specifically designed for the bridge project.

It is well integrated within its context and its value goes beyond mere transport. The winding form adds vitality to the Perth railway station precinct and the architecture contributes to the streetscape of Wellington Street.

The bridge has four traffic lanes. The western footpath of the bridge has an entry point to Yagan Square. The eastern footpath formerly gave direct access to the train station which was later removed when it became a gated station.

History
The bridge was constructed in 1904 to reduce train-induced traffic congestion in William Street. During the last decade of the 19th century, WA's Engineer-in-Chief,  O'Connor, had overseen the construction of Perth's suburban railway system, which radiated out from a central railway station in Wellington Street in the city. As the line effectively cut the city off from its northern suburbs, a number of bridges and level crossings had to be built to connect the two areas. A bridge over the railway was constructed between Barrack and Beaufort Streets in 1894, as well as two pedestrian crossings, however by the mid 1890s there were seven lines and the William Street crossing was closed for most of the day as railway traffic continued to increase.

In a site with no land for approaches, the shape of the proposed William Street bridge was chosen as the only viable option for achieving the necessary gradients for horsedrawn vehicles. It was initially unpopular in some circles because it replaced the two pedestrian overpasses and the shape of the new bridge meant that pedestrians had to walk a great deal further to pass over the railway lines. Overall however, traffic increased strongly, with a favourable impact on the commercial development of William Street. Traffic could now pass between the northern and southern parts of the city independently of railway traffic and without the delays at the William Street crossing.

The bridge is one of the oldest surviving bridges in central Perth. Structurally it has been modified to accommodate heavier vehicles, but the work has been undertaken in a manner that preserves the authenticity of the original design. The bridge enjoys heritage recognition, including listings on the Heritage Council's State Register of Heritage Places, the Register of the National Estate, City of Perth's Municipal Inventory and the National Trust.

In 1986, the bridge carried approximately 18,000 vehicles per day into the city. The bridge was closed on 30 November 2009 for restoration and conversion to two-way traffic. It was expected to remain closed for four months. The bridge was reopened with two-way traffic on 26 June 2010, just under three months later than originally planned.

In the early 2010s the Perth City Link project sunk the railway lines the bridge was originally designed to pass over, with Yagan Square constructed atop the now freed up land to the immediate west of the bridge. Despite this, the Horseshoe Bridge still remains as a major traffic link into the CBD.

title: Horseshoe Bridge