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Altnau

Altnau is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

History
Near the hamlet of Ruderbaum, the remains of a Horgen culture settlement have been discovered. Below the Horgen site, there also may be a Pfyn culture site, but that is less certain.

The modern village of Altnau may be first mentioned in 787 as Althinouva. In the 8th Century the Abbey of St. Gall owned most of the land in Altnau. In 1155, Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa confirmed that the Cathedral of Constance owned the church and church yard in the village. The vogt right over the church's farms belonged to the Freiherr of Altenklingen after 1300. During the Late Middle Ages, this right was given to several noble families from Constance; 1378 Schwarz, 1430 Tettikofen, 1468 Mangolte, and from 1471 until 1798 the city of Constance directly controlled the farms. In 1454 the villagers were represented in the Appenzell Landrecht, but following complaints from Constance they were forced to give up their membership. The rights of the village are first listed in the Gerichtsoffnung of 1468.

The right to administer the parish of Altnau went from the cathedral's provost to the cathedral's dean in 1347. After the Protestant Reformation in 1528, the few remaining Catholics were looked after by Constance and the village church became a shared church. This situation remained until 1810 when two churches were completed.

Until the 19th Century, most of the local economy revolved around three-field agriculture. About 1880 a dairy company was founded in the village, and livestock and cheese production became common. Viticulture was common from the Middle Ages until 1912. In 1840 the Seestrasse (Lake Road) was built, and in 1870, the Seetalbahn (railroad line) was added. However, neither the road or the railroad led to a boost in the local economy, as the station was too far away.

Geography
Altnau has an area,, of 6.68 km2. Of this area, 4.72 km2 or 70.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 1.03 km2 or 15.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.93 km2 or 13.9% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.02 km2 or 0.3% is either rivers or lakes.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 7.0% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 0.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.7%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.6% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 3.9%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 47.2% is used for growing crops, while 23.5% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located in the Kreuzlingen district along the Romanshorn-Kreuzlingen road about 2 km from Lake Constance.

Demographics
Altnau has a population of. , 15.5% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 11.8%. Most of the population speaks German (94.5%), with Albanian being second most common ( 1.1%) and Italian being third ( 0.9%).

, the gender distribution of the population was 51.2% male and 48.8% female. The population was made up of 829 Swiss men (42.5% of the population), and 170 (8.7%) non-Swiss men. There were 819 Swiss women (42.0%), and 133 (6.8%) non-Swiss women.

In there were 17 live births to Swiss citizens and 4 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 8 deaths of Swiss citizens. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 9 while the foreign population increased by 4. There was 1 Swiss man, 1 Swiss woman who emigrated from Switzerland to another country, 10 non-Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland to another country and 12 non-Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources) was an increase of 57 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 13 people. This represents a population growth rate of 3.7%.

The age distribution,, in Altnau is; 199 children or 10.0% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 295 teenagers or 14.9% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 193 people or 9.7% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 247 people or 12.5% are between 30 and 39, 395 people or 19.9% are between 40 and 49, and 277 people or 14.0% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 222 people or 11.2% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 104 people or 5.2% are between 70 and 79, there are 45 people or 2.3% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 4 people or 0.2% who are 90 and older.

, there were 679 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.6 persons per household. there were 351 single family homes (or 84.0% of the total) out of a total of 418 inhabited buildings. There were 32 two family buildings (7.7%), 11 three family buildings (2.6%) and 24 multi-family buildings (or 5.7%). There were 384 (or 21.3%) persons who were part of a couple without children, and 1,101 (or 61.0%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 108 (or 6.0%) people who lived in single parent home, while there are 6 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 6 persons who lived in a household made up of relatives, 26 who lived in a household made up of unrelated persons, and 9 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing.

The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.73%. , the construction rate of new housing units was 3.7 new units per 1000 residents. there were 751 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 5 room apartment of which there were 202. There were 16 single room apartments and 183 apartments with six or more rooms. the average price to rent an average apartment in Altnau was 1109.58 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$890, £500, €710 approx. exchange rate from 2000). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 466.43 CHF (US$370, £210, €300), a two-room apartment was about 728.08 CHF (US$580, £330, €470), a three-room apartment was about 787.67 CHF (US$630, £350, €500) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1543.68 CHF (US$1230, £690, €990). The average apartment price in Altnau was 99.4% of the national average of 1116 CHF.

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 38.69% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Green Party (17.58%), the FDP (14.91%) and the CVP (11.74%). In the federal election, a total of 560 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 45.6%.

The historical population is given in the following table:

Sights
The entire village of Altnau is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Economy
, Altnau had an unemployment rate of 1.46%. , there were 100 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 32 businesses involved in this sector. 187 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 35 businesses in this sector. 317 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 66 businesses in this sector.

there were 1,311 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 632 or about 48.2% of the residents worked outside Altnau while 192 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 871 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 9.9% used public transportation to get to work, and 49.1% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 570 or 31.6% were Roman Catholic, while 881 or 48.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there are 5 individuals (or about 0.28% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 74 individuals (or about 4.10% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There were 43 (or about 2.38% of the population) who are Islamic. There are 4 individuals (or about 0.22% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 169 (or about 9.37% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 58 individuals (or about 3.22% of the population) did not answer the question.

Transport
Altnau sits on the Lake Line between Schaffhausen and Rorschach and is served by the St. Gallen S-Bahn at Altnau railway station.

Education
In Altnau about 79.2% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).

Altnau is home to the Altnau primary school district. It is also home to the Altnau secondary school district. In the 2008/2009 school year there were 176 students in the primary school district. There were 44 children in the kindergarten, and the average class size was 22 kindergartners. Of the children in kindergarten, 18 or 40.9% were female, 7 or 15.9% were not Swiss citizens and 2 or 4.5% did not speak German natively. The lower and upper primary levels begin at about age 5-6 and last for 6 years. There were 59 children in who were at the lower primary level and 73 children in the upper primary level. The average class size in the primary school was 22 students. At the lower primary level, there were 26 children or 44.1% of the total population who were female, 5 or 8.5% were not Swiss citizens and 1 or 1.7% did not speak German natively. In the upper primary level, there were 35 or 47.9% who were female, 6 or 8.2% were not Swiss citizens and 3 or 4.1% did not speak German natively.

There are 273 students in the secondary school district. At the secondary level, students are divided according to performance. The secondary level begins at about age 12 and usually lasts 3 years. There were 178 teenagers who were in the advanced school, of which 97 or 54.5% were female, 15 or 8.4% were not Swiss citizens and 7 or 3.9% did not speak German natively. There were 95 teenagers who were in the standard school, of which 47 or 49.5% were female, 23 or 24.2% were not Swiss citizens and 18 or 18.9% did not speak German natively. The average class size for all classes at the secondary level was 18.2 students.

title: Altnau


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Reaktor/Modules/Receive

Receive terminal for wireless connections with Send terminals.

The input signal of the selected Send terminal feeds the output of this Receive terminal. The labels of all Send terminals which are inside of the same instrument are shown in the list in the Properties. The Use column allows to set a selection that is displayed in the panel control. The entry in the State column shows if the signal type of the Send terminal is connectable with the signal type of this Receive terminal (Audio to Event is impossible).

The maximum number of Send modules in one macro is 128.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Reaktor/Modules/Receive


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Koine Greek/10

10. The Definite Article is employed in combination with nouns, and is declined in gender, number, and case, to correspond with them.

The Following forms, which should be carefully committed to memory, afford a general type of the inflections of nouns, adjective, and pronouns, and will therefore be useful in their acquisition.

11. The Definite Article, the. It has first and second declension endings. Note that the nominative masculine and feminine forms of the definite article start with a vowel and not τ, and also note that there are no accents on the vowel. By contrast, the relative pronoun who (ὅς, ἥ, ὅ) has accents on the vowels, but is otherwise spelled the same.

12. Indefinite Pronoun: any, a certain, a

13. In the two forms now given there are three particular patterns applicable to all nouns, adjectives and pronouns.

1) Neuters are alike in the nominative and accusative of number. Neuters plural, nominative and accusative all end in α. 2) The dative singular always ends in i; although to the vowel the iota is subscript (please note, this needs to be added) 3) The genitive plural always ends in ων.

Useful External Links
WikiChristian - Koine Greek: Definite Article

title: Koine Greek/10


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Talk:Organic Chemistry

Hello all! I'm a newbie to this WikiBooks thing. However, I've been thinking about contributing to this book for a long time, as I feel I could at the very least help organize it. I believe that, although there is a decent amount of information shoved in, this book still has a long way to go... I would actually qualify it as more at the 25% status than its current 50% status, relative to other books. But, more importantly, is anyone still here? It seems that all edits/revisions are at least 3 years old. TheFleegsLeegs (discuss • contribs) 18:03, 10 February 2019 (UTC)

Hi! I just reviewed your book, updating your development stages. Wow! This took some time, cause it is really a BIG book with many many sub-chapters! I was impressed by the quality and clear style of writing. Keep up the work, and concentrate on the 75% chapters: I think many of them can be 100% by just finishing up the pages or including those examples that have been announced, but obviously forgotten... (See Help:Development stages for how to use this template, and if you read this, help by reviewing another book and spreading the word! Thanks!) --Andreas Ipp 23:30, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I'll work on this again in the fall when I'm in the mood for organic again --Ghostal 23:00 EST, Apr 11, 2005

In module Ketones and aldehydes
I suggest that the topic "Preparing Aldehydes and Ketones" should have subtopics of "Preparing Aldehydes" and "Preparing Ketones". Not all of the preparation methods can be used in both instances. It would help with clarity. Glich (talk)

New icons
I have uploaded to the Commons two pictographs that I made: , . They are both public domain. Ramir 13:19, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Official Headers / Footers
Hello all! This is an amazing book so far, and I look forward to editing it. I'm curious which pages include the 'official' Header and Footer (including the little ethane icon). I'd be happy to standardize as many as I can, but I need to know which you prefer for the standard.

Cheers! Buxtor 22:44, 2 June 2005 (UTC)

Standard Structure Format?
Hey All! There's really quite an impressive array of work here. I'm concerned, though, that there's no nice standard way to display chemical structures. While we don't have the same engine as the math guys do for displaying sturucture like they do equations, we can still try and settle on one program and settings for making structures, no? I'd recommend Chemdraw, ACS template with the bold width 2.5 and line width 1.5. --Lineweaver 08:46, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

Naming policy
Great work you are doing here. However I must suggest you have a look at the Naming policy.

--Krischik T 07:55, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Indeed, I shall berenaming all pages in this book so that they start with "Organic Chemistry/". This will make this book consistent with most other wikibooks, plus allow for easier navigation. I trust this change will be non-controversial (especially as it is being done in a way that preserves all links), Jguk 12:41, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Print Version of this Wikibook
If you look at Organic Chemistry/Print Version, I've put together a compilation of most of the pages for this Wikibook. I have excluded pages that have not been created yet (so if you add new pages, it might be good to put them here), and I'm still working on the appendix sections.

Feel free to edit and work on this print version, but it is looking pretty nice at the moment. Don't worry about keeping the content up to date, as if you work on adding just content to the existing parts of this Wikibook it will also be updated in the print version automatically. This is done through the transclusion process. Some minor reorganization may have to be done with the various sections, and there is some duplication of a few items that still needs to be dealt with.

Anyway, have fun with this content. BTW, I'm preparing to make a PDF version of the print version, but it would also be nice to clean up the content before we make this "official". There are far too many red linked images, and I'm not sure exactly what happened here to make them red links. I can't find any history of those images from the deletion log. --Rob Horning 17:49, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

A page move
I've started doing work on the Substitution Reactions page, but I'd like to rename the page, Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions because it's a little more accurate as well as being more descriptive. I assume this is done simply by "moving" the page. Being new at this, however, I'm reluctant to make such a change without someone saying "go ahead and do it." I read the noob stuff and it said, "be bold", but I'm drawing the line at moving a page, for the moment. --Pete 15:25, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

Duplication
The Haloalkanes page has a short section on reaction mechanisms that duplicates a lot of what is discussed (and in some cases, contradicts) in Substitution Reactions. I haven't yet gotten to the Elimination reactions page, so I don't know if there are contradictions there, but there is surely some duplication.

It's probably best to link to the Substitution Reactions and Elimination pages from Haloalkanes and move whatever is needed from the Haloalkanes page.

As for contradictions, the first thing that caught my eye (since I was updating this in the SN2 reaction mechanism, is that in the Haloalkanes page, it says non-polar solvents are preferred. This is, as far as I know, incorrect. Aprotic polar solvents are preferred in SN2 reactions based on nearly every book and online source I have checked. Pete 19:56, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

Some reorganizations
Okay, I've moved some stuff around a bit. I've tried to be really careful to fix all links so that they're not going to redirects or blank pages, but I have no doubt I missed something somewhere. This turned out to be a MUCH bigger project than I expected it to be.

Basically, I renamed (via a move) Alkanes and Cycloalkanes to simply Alkanes. It still has a short section on Cycloalkanes and some of this will be left there and maybe some minor changes made because it's a very short introduction to cycloalkanes.

I will add in a new section entirely on cycloalkanes, after the stereochemistry stuff which will go into much greater depth about cycloalkanes.

And the small move was Substitution Reactions was moved to Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions since that is what it was and shouldn't be confused with other types of substitution reactions.

Standard chapter structure?
Should we have a standard format for each chapter? I usually go for:

1: Methods of making this class of compound (often referring to section (3) of other chapters)

2: Properties of this class of compound (including nomenclature, uses, etc)

3: Reactions of this class of compound (often leading to section (1) of other chapters)

Ewen 10:48, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Ewen, yeah, I think that makes a lot of sense. I assume you mean the chapters for each functional group.

 * Yup! Ewen 14:40, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I haven't decided how I want to do it, but I want to bring the Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination reactions stuff into an earlier place in the book, possibly in their own section. I'm also not happy with all those reactions being in the back of the book. Reactions should generally be with the class of compound they're with. If a reaction has been covered previously for another functional group, you just don't need to go into any depth about mechanism, as that will be covered the first time it comes up. -- Pete 14:20, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree. I'd prefer that when a reaction type first occurs that it has its own section, so that it can be found more easily later. I'd prefer that to the reaction type being a sub-heading of some or other functional group chapter. Ewen 14:40, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Precisely and I think this is how most books handle it. I mean, you go read a chapter on carboxylic acids, and in every books I think I've seen, there's a section (or actually, usually multiple sections) dealing with all the reactions related to creating carboxylic acids and reactions that carboxylic acids can take part in. Frequently, the first time that particular type of reaction is shown and it's important, the mechanism is usually laid out with electron pushing, transition states and/or intermediates... I think we need to do all that stuff. I'm all for trying new stuff, but I think the reason it's laid out in most books this way is because it makes sense to lay it out this way. -- Pete 16:30, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

 * As an additional note, I think we ought to move Alkenes and Alkynes an place them between Haloalkanes and alcohols. I think they should be discussed before alcoholis and I think Alkenes is probably the place to begin discussing reactions and reaction mechanisms, not haloalkanes. My reasoning on this is that haloalkanes are often used for creating different functional groups. For example, dehydrohalogenation to create an alkene. I mean, we might want to discuss halogenation of alkanes in the haloalkanes section, but I think that's probably the only thing. It's not a particularly useful reaction since it produces so many products, but that's really the only one I think would be useful there since most of the other reactions involving haloalkanes result in the creation of different functional groups that are discussed later. Anyway, just a thought. -- Pete 16:36, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Ewen, on a related note, in regards to structure, if you look at, for example, the Alkene chapter, notice how you go to the alkene page and it simply has links to other pages. I think this is a bad way to do it. Then if you go to Haloalkanes, it's all one one page. I think having it all on one page is the better way to do it. I think for Alkenes and Alkynes and other chapters that might be laid out that way, we ought to take the information from the sub-pages and merge it into the main page.

 * There are alsos some things there that need reorganization. Alkenes, for example, has a section on pi bonds. Pi bonds ought to be covered in the Foundations section along with other bonding stuff. I mean, Pi bonds are certainly worth mentioning elsewhere since they play a huge role, but I think they should be introduced before Alkenes. What are your thoughts? -- Pete 20:36, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Yup! Haloalkanes seems the way to go for structure. What sort of page length are we looking at before splitting them? Pi (and other) bonding is surely fundamental rather than a passing topic of relevance mainly to alkenes. I'll have a bash at some of these issues. I work in a different time zone to you don't I? We'll not have edit conflicts unless I stay up late or you get up very early 8-) Ewen 20:52, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

Wow, you've been busy today Ewen. I love what you've done with the Alkanes section... We might step on each other from time to time. I work from home and I sometimes get a little work in on the book during my lunch hour or something. I don't think there's too much danger, though. I'll be doing most of my work in the evenings and weekends, so the 6 hour (maybe 7) time difference should keep us from stepping on each other too often.

I've deicded I'm going to keep away from doing any big moves for a short while. I did that pretty big move of the Alkanes section over the weekend and it turned into a much bigger job than I expected (because of all the links that needed updating) and I just kinda bit off more than I think I was ready for, so I'm going to slow down a bit. I've also almost made some structural changes that I would have regretted because I didn't see some other stuff that was going on.

So, with that in mind, for a week or two, I'm just going to do additions here and there around the book, maybe a little cleanup, and just make sure I have a better feel for where everything is and how it's laid out, what's missing, what's duplicated, etc, and adding it to my To-Do List. I'm also going to try to wrap up some of the stuff I've started, like the Cycloalkanes stuff and I need to do some more work on Elimination and Nucleophilic Substitution, and then bring them together in Haloalkanes, I think. It definitely makes sense to discuss Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination together, if for no other reason, than because they have a tendency to compete with each other and it's easier to address that with them together than it is to address it in each one separately. Anyway, just trying to give you a heads up on where I'm going, but I don't see us bumping heads too much in the near future... -- Pete 22:46, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

Chapter structure
Ewen, you originally proposed chapter layout made sense at the time, but in working on the Alkene section, I ran into problems with it. I think what we ought to do is put together a layout model somewhere off of the Outline page and then we'll use that as a basic layout model for all the chapters that are based on functional groups. Here's the problem I ran into. I was writing about the synthesis of alkenes and for dehydrohalogenation, it goes by the E2 mechanism and thus is regioselective and, depending on the alkane, can produce reliably consistent products or possibly a mix of E and Z product. The problem is, the E and Z naming isn't discussed until later in the section, which made me stop in my tracks and come here. I think we ought to consider an order like this: Properties is sort of a catch-all for everything not falling into the other two categories. Under reactions, we'd begin with synthesis reactions, followed by the rest of the reactions. But at least, at the point that you're discussing synthesis, you can name the products without there being confusion as to what the names mean. I'm also trying to cover reaction mechanisms with the reactions, as much as possible. But like I said, I think we ought to come up with a model chapter. Look around at other chapters and see if maybe there are specific things that we're not considering for these 3 categories. Maybe there should be other categories that aren't coming to mind right now. But we can then use that model as the basis for all the functional group chapters. -- Pete 03:43, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) Naming
 * 2) Properties
 * 3) Reactions

 * Yes, I was thinking that too. The structure doesn't fit well with some chapters. I should have been more flexible and not imposed a structure that didn't really fit. Live and learn! Perhaps the default structure should look like this anyhow:

 * Introductory paragraph (no heading - puts it above the contents)
 * Naming
 * Possible structures
 * Properties
 * Physical properties (e.g. boiling point)
 * Chemical properties (e.g. acidity, toxicity)
 * Reactions
 * Synthesis
 * (other reactions)

 * I'm keen to list the details of synthesis reactions under their respective reactants. Haloalkanes, for example, might have a short reference to substitution of alcohols, but the main discussion is under reactions of alcohols and the haloalkanes chapter might merely reference the alcohol reaction section.

 * One advantage of this moving stuff around: It helps to tidy things up! There are so many sections where work is duplicated and written to very different standards. Finding one home for each section has brought them together and made the best of them all, or highlighted the need for someone to fill a gap. Ewen 06:40, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Ewen, I think this new order makes more sense. As for reactions, I think it's okay to mention them more than once. For example, the Wittig synthesis of Alkenes, I'm going to show the reaction and write a short paragraph about it in Alkenes, but it's a reaction between an aldehyde or ketone and a triphenylphosphonium ylide. So I'm thinking, the earliest it should be discussed in detail (i.e. mechanism details) is maybe aldehydes and ketones. So, to that degree, I don't mind duplication, as long as say, the Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination reaction mechanisms aren't covered completely in both Alkenes and Alcohols, for example. Some reactions apply to multiple functional groups and deserve at least some mention with each of those functional groups, but the degree of duplication that's been in some places is way too much.
 * Today is the Thanksgiving holiday here in the States, so I won't be doing much here. I'm heading off to visit my family for the traditional turkey feast and offer thanks to the native Americans for letting us steal their land and virtually wipe them out. -- Pete 13:47, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Ewen, another thing we've forgotten is problems. Currently, there are very few problem exercises for the reader to work on. For me, this is really a low priority, but we ought to consider how they should be placed in the book. I was thinking the best way would probably be to have them as links at the end of each chapter. There would be two links: A link to the problems and a link to the answers, hopefully with explanations where appropriate. My thinking is there ought to be about 50 problems per chapter. That's a lot of work in itself, but like I said, it's low on my priorities. There are so many other things that still need work. But I didn't want it to slip through the cracks. I've added it to the to-do list. -- Pete 03:26, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Ethers
I noticed that ethers are discussed in the module about alcohols. Might it be better to move them into a module of their own? That way, readers might be able to find them more easily. I personally would not think to look for ethers under the topic of alcohols. -- WilliamJenkins09 04:25, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Good idea! Alternatively, we could rename 'Alcohols' as 'Alcohols and ethers'. Certainly ethers deserve a mention in the contents. Ewen 08:40, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Index
Anybody know how we could add an index to the book? Ewen 08:40, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

An outdated and copycat organisation
Why on Earth has this book been organised by functional groups? It should be organised by reaction types and mechanisms, the true basis of organisation in organic chemistry. A functional group organisation belongs to the barbaric ages when terms such as electron density and carbocation stability were unknown. Such an organisation is a very poor effort in the twenty-first century.

Also, the book is seriously lacking in comprehensiveness. Only classically important topics are included, at the expense of overwhelmingly important modern topics such as orbital symmetry rules (pericyclic reactions), borderline mechanism in solvolysis, retrosynthetic analysis, chiral synthesis, basic organometallic chemistry etc. Physical chemistry is oversimplified. For example, entropy-controlled catalysts so important in biological systems are never discussed. In fact the whole process of kinetics is misrepresented, as is the difference and relation between rate and equilibrium (that is, equilibrium thermodynamics and kinetics).

Many experimental observations are left unexplained, such as why certain reactions proceed only at certain temperatures at the presence of a certain concentration of a certain catalyst. Catalytic mechanisms are rarely given. Overall, the book in its current form continues the long-observed tradition in chemistry textbooks of emphasising rote memorisation over logical analysis and understanding. The book is in need of major overhaul and a complete change in the organisation and outlook to make it into a truly modern organic chemistry text that actually enriches wikibooks instead of simply rehashing material from commonly available high-school texts. <IP_ADDRESS> 08:53, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * To take your last point first: 'High-school texts' are not 'commonly available' if you can't afford them, and the scope of this book is beyond high school anyway.

 * We've discussed the organisation and the consensus seems to be that organising according to functional groups (the 'nouns' of organic chemistry, as it were) is preferable to organisation by reaction types (the 'verbs'). Why? It's the status quo.

 * Perhaps the reaction types and mechanisms organisation can be included by cross-referencing the relevant sections in the various chapters. Please go ahead and add such cross-referencing.

 * Your second paragraph asks about the comprehensiveness of the content: Feel free to add what you think is missing!

 * Ewen 10:47, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Regular access to an internet connection and a computer is not more affordable than a low price edition or second hand version of a standard text. Also, in its current form the book is written exactly at the level of Indian high-school OChem curricula (though US curricula is probably more elementary).

 * Cross-referencing can not be a substitute for organisation. Where did this discussion about organisation take place? It should be reopened. It does not make sense to use functional groups rather than mechanisms, as it is mechanisms that unite OChem into a cohesive whole. Use of functional groups creates the impression that OChem is simply about memorising seemingly unconnected mechanisms of reactions of many different functional groups. I quote a professor below:

 * "...overall the books are criminally incoherent, much due to that substance classes rather than reaction classes form the "basis" of the chapter division [note: NOT "...the basis of the 'organization'...", since organization can only exist when the reaction classes are the basis for the discussions, the one thing that brings order to organic chemistry!]; never does anyone take a more "holistic" or just "passioned" view, to actually demonstrate the monumental versatility of the concepts discussed - and exactly the same highly vital information is left out, about how to interpret or control all the hundreds of written consecutive equillibria, or what difference it makes to use the methoxide rather than the ethoxide, or why 70% phosphoric acid is used (or, indeed, what is meant by 70%), or why precisely 780K and not 775Kis needed, or how you actually carry out a single reaction and what apparatus should be used, or how you handle and isolate the substances; or how you name those compounds that show up later than the first few chapters (when all the authors suddenly forget the previous efforts of showing completeness in presentation)."
 * <IP_ADDRESS> 18:26, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I do appreciate your criticisms are well-intentioned and constructive.

 * If you have a problem with the content - why not write some? No amount of requests will give me, or anyone else, more time to write material. Why not use your time to add to this book instead of criticising it? You obviously have spent some time reading the book and considering its failings.

 * If you missed the foreword then you may have missed some of the rationale - the intention is to supersede expensive college-level texts. You're right about the cost of computing or internet access, but this book also has a printable version - it would cost no more than the printing costs to make a copy.

 * Your suggestion for organisation is novel and interesting (thanks for proposing and explaining it), but I'm not persuaded that it's substantially better than the system we use now. I didn't use the analogy of verbs and nouns lightly: You need both to learn a language, but vocabulary is more important than grammar (to change the analogy slightly). How can we discuss the chemical reactions before we can name the chemicals and know their physical properties?

 * You're right, though - I can't find any formal discussion of the organisation. Pete and I discussed whether the structure should be flatter or deeper but nobody, to my knowledge, has suggested reorganising along the lines you suggest.

 * Would you like to register and choose a username? I find it a bit odd writing to an IP address! You'd also be able to add pages like this to your 'watch' list which helps discussions.

 * Regards, Ewen 19:39, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

 * It takes significantly more money to print all these pages instead of buying the book. But irrespective of whether this book replaces or supplements standard texts,I think nobody will like it to become a copy of content that is already available.

 * As for the organisation, if the goal was to discuss nomenclature and physical properties then the best organisation would undoubtably have been functional groups. But I think you will agree that the principal objective of a general introductory OChem text is to discuss reactions, and it is here that the advantage of a mechanistic discussion arises.

 * Arranged by functional groups, the conversion of a halide and an alcohol into nitriles become different things, when in reality they are the same reaction, nucleophilic substitution. This separation gives a student the idea that the only way to get through OChem is to memorise the countless reaction mechanisms separately for each different class of compounds, when he would have a far easier time if only he understood that there are only a handful of basic reactions in introductory OChem and that which one occurs can be predicted (not memorised) from a knowledge of general principles and reaction conditions. Elimination of water and elimination of hydrohalide is the same reaction, but since one involves alcohol and the other halogen a student is forced to learn them separately, adding to his burden.

 * As for functional groups being status quo, fashion can not be the foundation of science. Writing a textbook is not less important an exercise than writing a paper, and the same principles apply. Also, this status quo is increasingly being broken and most important second level OChem texts like March, Carey and Sykes have for a very long time used reaction types as their basis of organisation. It seems meaningless to deprive beginning students from what is already considered best for their seniors. Writing a good and original textbook that not simply a conventionally-organised collage from existing textbooks with sudden and inexplicable emphasis on the author's personal interests is a difficult and time-consuming task for which I don't have the time. However this labour can be significantly lessened by the collaboration offered by a wiki system, but that first requires consensus. <IP_ADDRESS> 07:13, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I hope you don't me breaking your issues into some sections and deal with each in turn? Ewen 08:54, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Organisation
Re: <IP_ADDRESS>'s comments on organisation:

Bluntly; I don't think this book will be reorganised along reaction lines unless somebody has a huge amount of time to do it. I'm not sure that the majority of readers and writers would want this to happen anyway. It's my impression, but the 'consensus' seems to be to organise the book on functional group lines. Of course you're right; progress can be stymied by consensus and the status quo, but some projects develop by evolution, not revolution. Help in evolving the project is appreciated.

I think you exaggerate the problem. We have a section on reaction types - I gues sit needs expanding and re-emphasising. We also organise reactions from the viewpoint of the products, not the reactants. You say that "Elimination of water and elimination of hydrohalide is the same reaction, but since one involves alcohol and the other halogen a student is forced to learn them separately, adding to his burden." but in fact both reactions form alkenes, and so the reactions are also dealt with in the alkene chapter. Similary, it is not exaclty the case that "the conversion of a halide and an alcohol into nitriles become different things" because both reactions come under nitriles too.

Thankyou for highlighting the problem: By organising along the lines of functional groups we have fragmented discussion of reaction types. I think all editors of this book should be conscious of this issue and ensure that common reaction types are cross-referenced as much as possible; and that the appendix on reaction types should be used to draw these common threads together as much as possible.

Ewen 08:54, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Please see comments in new section below, I would like to contribute. Le Prof  Leprof 7272 (discuss • contribs) 15:20, 15 May 2014 (UTC)

Content
Re: <IP_ADDRESS>'s comments on content:

"Writing a good and original textbook that not simply a conventionally-organised collage from existing textbooks with sudden and inexplicable emphasis on the author's personal interests is a difficult and time-consuming task"

Agreed, and the wiki system is a way to share this task. However, this is an ambitious project and it is a work-in-progress. If some sections are currently further developed than others, and these sections are the result of one or other author's personal enthusiasms and interests, then is that so surprising? Eventually, the gaps will be filled (we hope).

You have identified many areas you consider under-developed. Do please dive in and develop them!

Ewen 08:54, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Cost
Re: <IP_ADDRESS>'s comments on cost:

The aim of the book is to make it as comprehensive and up-to-date as can be, with constant revisions. The competition would be the books listed on the Main Page, which are more expensive than the wikibook. Of course, you could buy an inferior book or on old copy of a good one; but the quality of this wikibook should justify its limited cost. We're not there yet; but already for the many students who have free internet access through their colleges the cost of this book cannot be beaten.

Ewen 08:54, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Would like to contribute

 * I would like to contribute at this site. I am a scholarly chemical professional. However, to do so I would have three prerequisites.

I also believe that one person should emerge as a senior editor on the project, to mediate issues that might arise, and, more importantly, to review text to create a scientifically stylistically consistent final product. More on this hope/expectation, later. Le Prof Leprof 7272 (discuss • contribs) 15:37, 15 May 2014 (UTC)
 * First, there would have to be an agreed upon outline of the material that will appear, understanding that this will maintain some flexibility as the writing proceeds. The outline should seek to be consistent across Wikipedia-related venues. People who collaborate, seriously, in scientific textbook writing do so after early agreeing upon an outline to follow. For instance, I am now working on an outline for the Wikipedia ochem article, to guide a major reedit, amalgamating the Clayden text's approach, with the William Reusch msu.edu Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry, and 1-2 of the key American textbooks. Where is the comparable discussion here, about the goal of this textbook writing effort?
 * Second, since there does not appear to be the requirement or conviction to source the information appearing here, and since Wikipedia demands no credentials of participants, there would have to be an agreed upon set of sources, and discussion about how these would be prioritised when there are discrepancies. (Anyone teaching ochem knows that there are mistakes in published texts, some gross and some subtle, and there are many differences in emphasis as well, that together will require discussion.) Is there currently a list of sources that are agreed upon as having reliable material, and suitable level of presentation? Otherwise, where are we getting our material from?
 * Third and finally, attention would need to be paid to the contributor list, keeping it up to date, and using this Talk as a convenient way to speak to all caring about the text or otherwise involved in the project, so all could be pre-notified about any major change, and collegially discuss any issues that might arise.

title: Talk:Organic Chemistry


text:
The Steadfast Heart

The Steadfast Heart is a 1923 American silent drama film directed by Sheridan Hall and produced by George Arliss (Distinctive Pictures). Based upon the novel of the same name by Clarence Budington Kelland, the film was released by Goldwyn Pictures.

Plot
As described in a film magazine review, while a boy, Angus Burke shoots and kills a sheriff that is about to arrest his father. His mother dies, and he is tried for murder but is acquitted. He works for the local newspaper, but prejudice forces him to leave the town. Twelve years later, he returns and takes possession of the newspaper. He exposes a plot that intended to rob the citizens and then weds his childhood sweetheart Lydia.

Preservation
A print of The Steadfast Heart survives in France at the Centre national du cinéma archive in Fort de Bois-d'Arcy.

title: The Steadfast Heart


text:
File:Buildwall1.jpg

Summary
Illustration for building the wall of the movie set for the WikiU Film School created using FrameForge 3D Studio 2 Demo Version.

title: File:Buildwall1.jpg


text:
1934 Iowa State Cyclones football team

The 1934 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (later renamed Iowa State University) in the Big Six Conference during the 1934 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach George F. Veenker, the Cyclones compiled a 5–3–1 record (1–3–1 against conference opponents), finished in fifth place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 132 to 66. They played their home games at State Field in Ames, Iowa.

Don Theophilus was the team captain. Four Iowa State players were selected as first-team all-conference players: guard Ike Hayes, ends Frank Hood and Fred Poole, and back Harold Miller.

title: 1934 Iowa State Cyclones football team


text:
Template talk:Repetition section

Template doesn't actually match or reference main "Repetition" template
Unlike, for instance, the and  templates, this template doesn't actually seem to be a wrapper of the main  template. As a result, the wording of this template is totally different from the current wording of the main template. This template should be edited to be a wrapper of that template, thereby avoiding the need for unnecessary repetition of the same work in 2 places in the future. (I'd do it myself, but I don't want to break anything.) V2Blast (talk) 02:22, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Repetition section


text:
HBS1 like translational GTPase

HBS1 like translational GTPase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HBS1L gene.

Function
This gene encodes a member of the GTP-binding elongation factor family. It is expressed in multiple tissues with the highest expression in heart and skeletal muscle. The intergenic region of this gene and the MYB gene has been identified to be a quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling fetal hemoglobin level, and this region influences erythrocyte, platelet, and monocyte counts as well as erythrocyte volume and hemoglobin content. DNA polymorphisms at this region associate with fetal hemoglobin levels and pain crises in sickle cell disease. A single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 1 of this gene is significantly associated with severity in beta-thalassemia/Hemoglobin E. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been found for this gene.

title: HBS1 like translational GTPase


text:
John Ross (chemist)

John Ross (October 2, 1926 – February 18, 2017) was a scientist in physical chemistry and the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Professor of Chemistry at Stanford University.

Unraveling the mechanisms of complex chemical reactions, Ross opened new avenues in physical chemistry through the development of groundbreaking methods to study complex reactions within intact systems. His theoretical and experimental studies in statistical mechanics and chemical kinetics proved new means to reveal details of biochemical reactions taking place far from equilibrium and involving many chemical species.

Education and career
Born in Vienna in 1926, Ross left Austria with his parents only days before the outbreak of World War II. They settled in New York, where he studied chemistry at Queens College (B.S. 1948), with a two-year interruption to serve in the Army from 1944 to 1946. After completing his degree, he went on to perform doctoral research in physical chemistry, studying gas transport properties under the guidance of Isador Amdur at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Ph.D. 1951). This led to postdoctoral work in gas thermometry and the statistical mechanical theory of irreversible processes with physical chemist John Kirkwood at Yale. Ross began his faculty career as assistant professor in chemistry at Brown University in 1953. There, he launched a program to test the viscosity of liquids as a function of temperature and pressure with unprecedented precision. Two years later, he and physical chemist Edward Forbes Greene began nearly two decades of groundbreaking work developing the use of molecular beams to examine the molecular dynamics – revealing details of molecular collisions, dispersion, and more during chemical reactions. In 1966 Ross joined the chemistry department faculty at MIT, where he served as chair from 1966 to 1971. He came to Stanford in 1979 as professor of chemistry and was department chair from 1983 to 1989. Among many honors recognizing his broad contributions in physical chemistry, Professor Ross was named to the National Academy of Sciences and American Academy of Arts and Sciences and received the U.S. National Medal of Science in 2000 from President Clinton.

In his research at Stanford, Ross examined experimental and theoretical investigations in new approaches to the determination of complex reaction mechanisms, the formation of the thermodynamics and statistical mechanics of systems far from equilibrium, the chemical implementation of digital and parallel computers, and application of these studies to biological reaction mechanisms. His contributions in reaction kinetics and dynamics changed chemists’ understanding of reactivity and why many chemical phenomena occur, opening new fields in chemical science.

Honors and awards

 * Member of the National Academy of Sciences, 1976;
 * Irving Langmuir Award in Chemical Physics, American Chemical Society, 1992;
 * Dean's Award for Distinguished Teaching, Stanford University, 1992–93;
 * National Medal of Science, 1999;
 * Peter Debye Award in Physical Chemistry, American Chemical Society, 2001;
 * Austrian Cross of Honor for Science and Art, 1st class, 2002;
 * ACS Theodore William Richards Medal, 2004

title: John Ross (chemist)


text:
Cookbook:Kroppkakor (Swedish Potato and Pork Dumplings)

| Swedish Cuisine

Kroppkakor is a traditional Swedish dish of potato dumplings with a pork or bacon filling. They are cooked and served with butter and lingonberry jam. There are some regional variations to the recipe.

Ingredients

 * 1 kg cooked potatoes, mashed
 * 2 egg yolks
 * 1 ¼ cup all-purpose flour
 * Salt
 * 1 onion, finely chopped
 * 100 g smoked ham, diced
 * 100 g bacon, diced
 * White pepper
 * Allspice (optional)

Procedure

 * 1) Mound the mashed potatoes on a work surface and make an indentation in the middle.
 * 2) Put yolks, flour, and salt in the indentation, and quickly work into a dough. Too much kneading will make the dough tough. Let it rest for a few minutes.
 * 3) Fry the onions until translucent. Add the bacon and ham, and cook until it gets colored. Season with pepper.
 * 4) Shape the dough into a thick log. Cut the log into thick slices, and make an indentation in each slice.
 * 5) Place some of the onion and meat filling in the indentation, and top with another dough slice. Press the edges together to seal, and roll into a ball.
 * 6) Lower the balls into boiling salted water, and boil them for about 10–12 minutes or until they float to the surface. Don’t boil too many at a time, as they will then have some difficulty floating to the surface.
 * 7) Remove them with a perforated spoon, and transfer them to a hot serving plate.
 * 8) Serve hot with melted butter and red whortleberry (lingonberry) or cranberry jam.


text:
Talk:Anthony Cordesman

Untitled
Hu, he does write a lot, I have to agree. The article however lucks vital details like birth place, family background, year of birth. This would make the article more of a bio than a list of books

Please note that the criticism section does not reflect a neutral point of view, or, at least, magnifies "criticisms" of Cordesman. The cited criticism is not of Cordesman's "work" (as corpus), it is of only one book by him. The citation method also pretends to be linking to multiple critics when it is in fact linking to the same critic. It is also not clear that the website in question conforms to Wikipedia's standards (can someone verify this?) simply because it contains a review of Cordesman's publication. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:28, 31 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Finkelstein is an RS. His comments about Cordesman's analysis seem valid. However, this bit is questionable "However, interviews and reports by Arab leaders and independent organizations were used in collaboration with Israeli briefings to support his findings." seems to be the last editor's POV Wodge (talk) 22:28, 21 March 2009 (UTC)
 * No, not POV. It is straight from the source, which you dubiously removed. Wikifan12345 (talk) 22:11, 22 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Update, no Norman Fickelstein is not a reliable source and neither is counterpunch. However he is notable and thus we quote him, but he isn't an RS. Like, his editorial alone would not be considered reliable in a encyclopedia context. He's not BBC, CNN, ABC, etc...Wikifan12345 (talk) 22:28, 22 March 2009 (UTC)

Necessary reversions
The new rewrite includes massive removal of cited material and is almost identical to its POV-state a month ago. The new version removed Cordesman's analysis on the war and relies solely on scattered criticism, most of which is paraphrased incorrectly and could be considered plagiarism. The removal of the reward line was a good move, I missed that one. Wikifan12345 (talk) 22:13, 22 March 2009 (UTC)

Picture?
Checked commons and nothing was there. He has pics on a his blog but I don't think we can use them without permission - 1.

Gaza War analysis
The following extracts are from the executive summary of Cordesman's magnum opus: It analyzes the fighting on the basis of briefings in Israel during and immediately after the fighting made possible by a visit sponsored by Project Interchange, and using day-to-day reporting issued by the Israeli Defense Spokesman.

Hamas has only provided a few details on its view of the fighting, other than ideological and propaganda statements. Any military report has to be written largely from an Israeli perspective; although it is already clear that the IDF did not succeed in deterring Hamas from new rocket strike on Israel or made definitive changes in the political and military situation in Gaza. In fact, the post conflict situation looks strikingly like the situation before the fighting began.

Which suggests that he relied almost exclusively on official Israeli sources. Now, just out of interest, where exactly does it say that he bothered to look at any other information, ie, information that was readily available from the UN, NGOs and News reports? Or that if he did look at it that he treated it as credible?

Wodge (talk) 19:39, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Hm, perhaps if you read the analysis instead of 1 page smears:

"There is another key caveat that must be applied to this analysis. It does not attempt to make moral judgments or to take sides in the conflict. It does examine the issue of proportionality, but its does so in the context of fighting and winning asymmetric wars and not as legal or moral issues. To the extent it looks beyond the conflict, it focuses on how fighting affected the perceptions of the combatants and outside states, and the strategic and grand strategic outcome of the fighting, not its legality or humanitarian costs."

The UN and Btselem have yet to release a report covering the mentioned qualities. Cordesman isn't trying to make a moral judgment, but rather prove or disprove the logic of Israeli objectives through available and appropriate documents. It is Fickelstein's nature to criticize Israel so I feel the article would be more balanced if we were to also use a less-partisan pundit.

I'd be concerned about using Palestinian sources within the Gaza Strip too, considering their lack of verifiability and constant-pressure by Hamas (as he emphasizes early in the analysis.) Hopefully a comparable analysis is released to either affirm or dispute Cordesman's. Wikifan12345 (talk) 03:57, 25 March 2009 (UTC)

-- I have read Cordesman's report. It appears though that you haven't.

What Finkelstein is specifically criticising and debunking is Cordesman's claim that "Israel did not violate the laws of war". A certain user seems to have left out this rather important fact.

Now, given that, it's was known by the UN, NGOs, News Reporters and even Finkelstein that at the time Cordesman wrote his report that Israel, at the very least, had:

1. Used White Phosphorus in densely crowd cilivian areas (Illegal under the international laws of war) 2. Used Flechette Munitions in densely crowd cilivian areas (Illegal under the international laws of war) 3. Killed Medical Personnel and blown up ambulances (Illegal under the international laws of war) 3. Blown up Hospitals (Illegal under the international laws of war)

That Finkelstein is actually correct and that Cordesman is talking what's techinically called complete bollocks.

Wodge (talk) 04:10, 25 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Please go away. Wikifan12345 (talk) 04:36, 25 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Shan't :-P. Wodge (talk) 14:52, 25 March 2009 (UTC)

I deleted the gaza discussion and re-wrote the whole page. This is a Bio, not a discussion page. It now has what a bio should have, i.e. the subject's history. Having some familiarity with Dr. Cordesman's work, I can assure you that his Gaza War analysis is far from his most controversial, widely read, or important piece. And his bio should not have discussions of the criticism of any of his pieces, unless said criticism comes from or is covered by a reputable source (newspaper, peer-reviewed journal, etc.). I'm working now on inserting links and tracking down copyright permissions for his photo. Endstupidity (talk) 16:50, 15 April 2009 (UTC) endstupidity

 * You deleted practically the entire article and posted non-notable material, such as every book he has written. Following your revisions, the article was supported by a single reference. For similar bios, look at Richard A. Falk and Alan Dershowitz. Notice the content in most sections. Commentary is not excluded, in fact it is the primary focus of those article. Understand, If a notable source says something, we include it if it relates to the character in question. Cordesman is a military strategist, having been involved with NATO, diplomatic initiatives, and domestic media organizations. Therefore the article should revolve around those subjects, and opinions/agenda should naturally accompany that. I suggest you study BLP for more info. Don't feel bad, I also had difficulty fully grasping the rigid rules but also realized articles must ultimately be evaluated based on content, not rulebooks. Removing 10 references which have been properly cited is dubious at best and vandalism at worst. Wikifan12345 (talk) 10:48, 18 April 2009 (UTC)

Another war Criminal
... in a long line of many. ---Dagme (talk) 17:23, 30 October 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Anthony Cordesman. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080720075343/http://www.saudi-american-forum.org/articles/2004/040201-us-saudi.html to http://www.saudi-american-forum.org/articles/2004/040201-us-saudi.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090330115352/http://www.saudi-us-relations.org:80/experts/cordesman.html to http://www.saudi-us-relations.org/experts/cordesman.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:47, 15 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anthony Cordesman


text:
Daria Zabawska

Daria Zabawska (born 16 April 1995 in Białystok) is a Polish athlete specialising in the discus throw. She won a silver medal at the 2017 European U23 Championships.

Her personal best in the event is 60.23 metres set in Tallinn in 2015.

Her parents are former shot putters, Krystyna Danilczyk-Zabawska and Przemysław Zabawski, the latter being also her coach.

title: Daria Zabawska


text:
User:Cstauch1/citations

Being bold is important on Wikipedia. [Wikipedia:Be bold|Be bold guideline]]. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Accessed 2015-02-03.

title: User:Cstauch1/citations


text:
Leon Labuschagne

Leon Labuschagne is a paralympic athlete from South Africa competing mainly in category F53 shot and discus events.

Leon competed in two paralympics, firstly in Barcelona in 1992 where he competed in the shot put and won the THW4 discus. Four years later he again won the discus, this time in the F53 class and finished fourth in the shot put.

title: Leon Labuschagne


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/donateurblood.net

Links

 * donateurblood.net resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 1 additions.


text:
Talk:Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards 2017

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. Community Tech bot (talk) 11:51, 5 July 2018 (UTC)
 * ASFAs 2017.png

Commons files used on this page have been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page have been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. Community Tech bot (talk) 18:06, 8 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Abduz Spot.png
 * Bebe Cool.png
 * Bettinah Tianah.png
 * David Thale.png
 * Idris Sultan.png
 * Mafikizolo.png
 * Mai Atafo.png
 * Oscar Ntege.png
 * Rezebonna.png
 * Silvia Njoki.png
 * Swanky Jerry.png


text:
C7H8

The molecular formula C7H8 (molar mass: 92.14 g/mol) may refer to:

 * Cycloheptatriene
 * Isotoluenes
 * Norbornadiene
 * Quadricyclane
 * Toluene, or toluol

title: C7H8


text:
Talk:Donna Air

Air
"Air displayed her personal interest in gadgets". This mad me laugh a lot. I don't really know why. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:19, 16 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I can guess why—but then my mind is probably dirtier than your's! Skinsmoke (talk) 21:22, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

Crush
Surely there should be some mention of her shortlived singing career as part of Crush. Skinsmoke (talk) 21:22, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

Front row?
When has Donna Air recently / frequently been seen on the front row of fashion shows? If this was ever correct, it's now inaccurate Shiniqa (talk) 23:12, 24 April 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Donna Air. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20150102051153/http://www.demotix.com/news/2780697/macmillan-delonghi-art-auction-2013-raised-money-cancer-support to http://www.demotix.com/news/2780697/macmillan-delonghi-art-auction-2013-raised-money-cancer-support

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 16:39, 11 January 2016 (UTC)

Website does not work
Website is not correct <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:30, 21 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Donna Air


text:
Al-Ittihad (Emirati newspaper)

Al-Ittihad (الإتحاد) is an Arabic language newspaper published daily in the United Arab Emirates. It is part of the Abu Dhabi Media group, a state-owned organization. The paper is the first regular publication of the country.

History and profile
Al-Ittihad was launched as a 12-page weekly publication with a distribution of 5,500 copies. It started as a weekly publication as there was no local printing press and the papers were produced in Beirut and shipped. It was distributed free local newspaper to stand in the face of competition from newspapers, mainly from other Arab countries. The first issue of Al Ittihad appeared on 20 October 1969. The publisher is Al Ittihad Press and Publishing Corporation which also publishes English daily the National.

The estimated circulation of the daily in 2003 was 58,000 copies, making it the second after Al Khaleej in the country. Its 2006 circulation was 94,275 copies, while it was 76,000 in 2008. The Ipsos data in 2009 showed that the paper had a readership of 59.3%. The paper's online version was the 24th most visited website for 2010 in the MENA region. The circulation of the daily during the first half of 2013 was 109,640 copies.

title: Al-Ittihad (Emirati newspaper)


text:
Category:VEI-5 volcanoes

Volcanoes that have produced explosive VEI-5 eruptions. Such eruptions release a tephra volume of at least 1 km3 with immediate exceptional effects on the surrounding area.

For smaller volcanoes that have erupted at least 0.1 km3 of tephra at a time, see Category:VEI-4 volcanoes.

For larger volcanoes that have erupted at least 10 km3 of tephra at a time, see Category:VEI-6 volcanoes.

title: Category:VEI-5 volcanoes


text:
Wildings

Wildings was a retail company with its main department store based in Newport, Wales, which closed in 2019 after 144 years of trading.

Background
The first Wildings shop was opened in 1874 by Alfred Wilding, a 21-year-old hatter from Newport, Shropshire.

By the mid 1970s there were 14 branches of Wildings across South Wales.

By the 1990s only the Newport store remained, though in 1997 Wildings acquired an existing department store business in Commerce House, Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Wildings substantially reduced the size of its Thornbury shop in 2017.

The flagship Newport store had been trading from its site on Commercial Street, Newport since 1931. It underwent a major £140,000 refurbishment in 2014.

Wildings Group also ran the Rossiters shops in Bath and Cardiff. Wildings Ltd is now a small property company with interests in Bath, Newport and Thornbury.

Closure
In October 2016 the Newport store closed two floors of its shop, discontinuing its menswear clothing and women's lingerie sections. 14 staff lost their jobs.

In August 2018 the store announced it would close completely, laying off the 23 staff. A closing-down sale began in October 2018.

The Newport store finally closed its doors for good on 19 January 2019.

title: Wildings