text:
Introduction to Calculus/Introduction

Before starting this course check the recommendations and resources on the Overview page

Welcome!

 * Many people think calculus is hard. This is a matter of opinion. I think it is not very dificult; then again, I probably wouldn't be writing this if I didn't really like the topic. However, this course should be easy to understand by both people who find it easy and people who find it hard. If you have any questions, just write them at the top of the discussion page, and someone should quickly add the information. Hopefully, with this, the course will not be too difficult to understand.
 * This course consists of many lessons. They include this one, the next one on limits, and the third one on using derivatives.

Why is Calculus necessary?
How fast can you run?

It seems a simple question but let's think:

$$speed = \frac{distance \,\ traveled}{time \,\ taken}$$

So if you have run 100 meters in 10 seconds then your speed was 10 metres per second. Simple.

But that assumes you were running at the same speed all the time. Maybe you started off slowly then speed up and then slowed down slightly at the end. Its likely that your speed wasn't constant so all we are calculating is your average speed over the whole distance. The really interesting question is:

How fast am I going now?

Good question. If we are very good at measuring we might be able to find out that you traveled 11 meters in one second. But that's still only your average speed over 1 second. You might actually be slowing down: so your speed when we started to measure was actually slightly faster than 11 metres per second.

You see the problem. By using the formula above we cannot actually tell you how fast you are going now, we can only give you an average.

That's where calculus comes in. Using calculus, we can tell exactly how fast something is traveling right now.

How steep is this slope?

Again the equation that comes to mind is:

$$gradient = \frac{vertical \,\ height \,\ gained}{horizontal \,\ distance \,\ traveled}$$

This is great if the slope is the same all the way up. If you are climbing a mountain or driving up a hill in the real world then you run into the same problem. We can make an average measurement but the formula can't tell us exactly how steep the slope is right here. Neither can calculus - unless the distance function is differentiable. Calculus only works when motion is described by a differentiable function.

For a function to be differentiable, it must be continuous and its rate of change over time must be continuous. This is to say that when you start running you cannot go from a standstill to your top speed instantly, you must at some instant in time move at every speed between the two.

Finding the speed of a falling rock from the distance
Gravity is a very important feature of our everyday world. It also provides a very good basis for an introduction to the first section of calculus.

Say that, for whatever reason, my friend has dropped a rock over a cliff. The rock takes ten seconds to reach the lake below, at which point it makes a very large plop. Now, I wonder; how fast was the rock traveling when it hit the water?

Well, I know a few things about physics. I know that on the surface of the earth, a rock will fall $$16t^2$$ feet or $$4.9t^2$$ meters in t seconds. I also know that the average speed over an interval of time equals:
 * $$\frac{Total \,\ distance \,\ traveled \,\ in \,\ the \,\ interval}{Length \,\ of \,\ interval \,\ of \,\ time}$$.

From this, you can say that at $$t$$ seconds, the distance the rock will have traveled will be $$16t^2$$ feet, and that at $$t_1$$ seconds, the distance the rock will have traveled will be $$16t_1^2$$. Next, we say that the length of the interval of time between $$t$$ and $$t_1$$ will be $$t_1-t$$, and that the total distance traveled during this interval will be $$16t_1^2-16t^2$$. Make sense? Now, for the grand finale. Let's use our equation for average speed, our distance traveled in an interval, and the length of the interval to create an average speed equation for any point during the rock's fall. The expression for this is:
 * $$\frac{16t_1^2-16t^2}{t_1-t}$$

 * Try-This-Yourself (TTYS) 1
 * TTYS 1 will show up a lot during this part of this lesson. This is so you can follow what we are doing, by doing it yourself. First step;

create the average speed formula of a rocket in which the rocket, t seconds after blast off, will be $$4t^3$$ feet off the ground. Use the interval of time between X and Y (Or $$t$$ and $$t_1$$; it really doesn't matter what variables you use; the people who write calculus textbooks prefer the $$t_1$$ format.)

Finding the distance traveled by a car from the speed
If we assume a car traveling at a known constant speed, can you guess how long it has passed since you started your stopwatch?. Well..let's try this simple formula,
 * $$v = \frac{\Delta d}{\Delta t}\,$$
 * and so,
 * $$v\cdot\Delta t = \Delta d \,$$

For example if your stopwatch reached 120 seconds and the speed of the car was 60 km/h ( = 60 km/(3600 s) = 1/60 km/s) then, the traveled distance is expected to be:
 * 1/60 [km/s] × 120 [s] = 2 km!

Now let's assume the car is traveling at different speeds. In this case we will have to record different times on our stopwatch, and make a note of the new speed at every recorded time. If we use the previous formula for calculating individual intervals, then we can get the distance traveled in every change of speed and time. By collecting or summing all these distances, we can get an approximation of the total distance the car has passed. In other words:

 * $$Total Distance \approx \Delta d_1 + \Delta d_2 + \Delta d_3 + \cdots + \Delta d_n \,$$

Where n represents the number of recorded times. In terms of speed or velocity, we get:

 * $$Total Distance \approx v_1\cdot\Delta t_1 + v_2\cdot\Delta t_2 + v_3\cdot\Delta t_3 + \cdots + v_n\cdot\Delta t_n \,$$

For example let's assume the following table is the recorded times and velocity changes the car has done:

by making a new table in terms of the time differences and corresponding distance in that difference, we get:

So, the total distance is 900 + 750 + 800 + 500 + 1200  = 4150 m or 4.15 km Note that we ignored the last speed record. Indeed this is just one approximation! We will try the other approximation by ignoring the first speed and check the resulted distance.

And, the total distance will be 750 + 600 + 1000 + 600 + 1600 = 4550 m or 4.55 km.

Can you see that much difference in the two solutions? Now let's take a more accurate approximation by taking the average speed between every two points, recall that average v = 1/2 × (v1 + v2)

The total distance is 825 + 675 + 900 + 550 +  1400 = 4350 m or 4.35 km.

We find that the three approximations are almost similar. Can you improve these approximations? The answer is yes but by measuring more time differences for the same previous example! The more the time intervals we reduce the more the recorded points we get the more the approximation in the three ways of solution.

NEXT Limits

title: Introduction to Calculus/Introduction


text:
Marcel Crête

Marcel Crête (May 31, 1915 – March 11, 1988) was a Canadian lawyer and judge. He served as Chief Justice of Quebec from 1980 until his death in office in 1988.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Marcel Crête


text:
Ῥοδανός

Etymology
Of origin, from, , from a  root similar to. Lambert argues that this could have prefixed a second element akin to the root of the river name,. Alternatively, possibly from a hypothetical, from and the previously mentioned root.

Proper noun

 * 1) the river

title: Ῥοδανός


text:
Cookbook:Preserved Lemon

| Moroccan Cuisine

Preserved lemons are a common flavoring agent in Moroccan cuisine, particularly in very slow braises known as tagines. They are also found as an unusual cocktail garnish.

Ingredients

 * Lemons
 * Salt

Procedure

 * 1) Poke holes in the lemons with a sharp knife. Pack them in an airtight jar, separating them from one another with salt.
 * 2) Cover the jar, and store in a dark place for a day. If the lemons have not released enough liquid to cover, add additional salt and reseal the jar.
 * 3) Store in a cool dark place for approximately 2 weeks. Refrigerate afterwards.

title: Cookbook:Preserved Lemon


text:
Template:Userpage

 This is a Wikiversity participant's page.

 may only be personally affiliated with Wikiversity itself. You may not be viewing the most current version of this page, if not viewed from. The text content of this page is released under the CC-BY-SA 3.0 License and GFDL. Images and other media included from this page may be subjected to other terms of use.

de:Vorlage:Benutzerseite fr:Modèle:Page personnelle ja:Template:Userpage

title: Template:Userpage


text:
Twining, New Mexico

Twining is a ghost town in Taos County, New Mexico, United States.

Originally called Amizette, this was a small mining district with copper, gold and silver lodes, established in 1893 but abandoned by 1895. About 1902, Prospector William Frazer discovered further copper and gold in the canyon east of the townsite, and persuaded New Jersey banker Albert C. Twining to invest $300,000 in a smelter. On its first firing, molten ore froze to the sides of the furnace, making it unusable. Bankruptcy followed, and the townsite was abandoned by 1910.

In 1955 the site was acquired by Ernie Blake, who developed it into Taos Ski Valley. Virtually no trace now remains of the original village.

title: Twining, New Mexico


text:
working farm

Noun

 * 1) A farm whose agricultural land and buildings are in active use for crop production and/or the raising of livestock.
 * 2) * 2007, Louis Porter, "Farm deal sours over money," The Barre Montpelier Times Argus (Vermont), 4 Oct.,
 * Even though the land was being farmed and was protected from development, Pelham says it was at risk of being sold to someone who wasn't going to keep it as a working farm.

title: working farm


text:
Talk:Authoring Webpages

I have put my declaration of intent in the Rationale in the book's first pages (after the table of contents). This is a book about authoring, not about designing or programming. Some coding should be discussed (specifically, HTML mark-up and CSS coding), and the consequences of graphical design and typography will also be treated, though in optional chapters (you don't need to be able to see to create a webpage).

My weaknesses are in the didactic and linguistic realms: I am not a teacher, nor am I a native speaker of English.

I request that you will let me finish the main text of this more or less uninterupted, so that the unity of my message remains at least until the first draft of the work is finished. After that, I would be honoured if people took this work apart.Branko 22:20, 26 Mar 2004 (UTC)

''Thank you for starting this book. It looks good so far.'' I posted the "merge" notice, but now that I look closer, I think this might be different enough in emphasis to be worth keeping as 2 books -- perhaps Web Design should be the sequel to Authoring Webpages ? --DavidCary 03:41, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

I agree that this should NOT be merged with Web Design; if anything, I started this as the anti-dote to books that treat web authoring like it is a graphic design or programming discipline.

I stopped working on this a while ago, not because I lost interest, but because I lost my idea of how to proceed. A lot of what I wrote here is in the subconscious of many a web expert, but little of it was ever put in words and collected in one place.

The thing with books, even if they are collaberately produced, is that they still need a single vision. A merge with the book you mentioned would probably blur that vision too much.

I have got a question for you. I wanted to work on this book until it had a modicum of editability, and only then link to it from other wikibooks pages. Do you think that is the right approach, or should I make it public earlier? Thanks for your insights.--Branko 17:57, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

 * If you don't want anyone else editing it, you should keep the text on your own computer. As soon as you post it to Wikipedia, you are giving us permission to edit it. I would like you to make it public as soon as you have an outline. If someone else can fill in part of the outline faster than you can, that's great.
 * I like the "Rationale" section. If everyone knows the scope of the book, then people other than yourself can recognize when well-meaning individuals start blurring the vision of the book. We can chop out bloat and move it to a more appropriate book.
 * I would like a little more detail on the exact scope of the book (what the book assumes the reader already knows Authoring webpages/Requirements, what the book is intended to teach, and what is outside the scope of the book). (Or is this something that only editors are interested in, not readers, and so should go on this talk page?). Naturally, for those people who really want to write up something that is just barely outside the scope of this book, it would be nice to point them towards other books more appropriate for those topics. --DavidCary 06:25, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Cleanup
The work need a cleanup to move the structure and content away from the course format into a book format. --Panic (talk) 03:57, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Authoring Webpages


text:
Importation Act 1667

The Importation Act 1667 (19 & 20 Cha. 2. c. 12) was an act of the Parliament of England which banned Irish cattle from being sold in England. It was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1863.

The bill was first introduced in 1663 and proved extremely contentious. It was the work of George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, who saw it as a means to injure his enemies James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde and Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon. Ormonde, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, believed that it would prevent any proper economic development in Ireland, while Clarendon, though he was not greatly interested in Irish affairs, promised Ormonde, his close friend and ally in government, to use his authority to see it defeated. Its passage would therefore greatly weaken them politically, and correspondingly strengthen Buckingham.

Buckingham said that "whoever was against the bill had either an Irish interest or an Irish understanding", giving great offence to Ormonde and his family as a result, but his difficulty was that England did not have a single "interest". The bill was strongly supported by those whom Samuel Pepys called "the Western gentlemen", the landed gentlemen of the North and West of England, and Wales, who believed that the bill would increase the value of their cattle. It was opposed by the graziers of Norfolk and Suffolk, who made their living partly by fattening Irish cattle, and by Londoners, who were the biggest market for Irish beef. Pepys also reports fears, unfounded in the event, that passing the bill would lead to a repetition of the Irish Rebellion of 1641.

In September 1666, against government opposition, the bill was reintroduced in the House of Commons. Pepys thought that this was "against the general sense of the House" but that the "Western gentlemen" might carry it by a small majority. Clarendon until too late was confident that the two Houses would reject it or that if all else failed the King would veto it; but preoccupied as he was with the Second Anglo-Dutch War, he seriously underestimated his opponents. Sir William Coventry, more realistically, warned Ormonde that in his view it would pass the Commons, that the House of Lords would make no difficulty, and that the king, embroiled with domestic problems and the Dutch war, would not risk offending Parliament by using his veto. Coventry's predictions were correct: although the King gave his assent with great reluctance, he was acting on Parliament's unofficial pledge to pass two crucial financial Bills on condition that the Importation Bill become law, as it duly did in January 1667. The King's "very sharp speech" to the Lords on 18 January, which Pepys mentions in his diary, is an indication of his displeasure at having to assent to the Act.

title: Importation Act 1667


text:
Flashcards for Java keywords

Flashcards for Java Keywords. Initial definitions from the Wikipedia for Java keywords as pointed to in Lesson 2 of the Wikiversity introductory Java course. Please do not change them without a clear understanding that there is an error present. Consider discussing the error with others either here or at Wikipedia prior to changing the definitions here on the master flashcard file. Forking and tailoring is encouraged if you wish to personalize the definitions.

If you prefer to study a glossary style presentation see the definitions at Wikipedia for Java keywords.

Another set of Java Flashcards is available that provides the keyword and challenges you to think of the conceptual definition before checking the answer. More Java keyword flashcards

Read the definitions and then decide the appropriate Java Keyword. Click Expand for the Java keyword for the concept defined to appear.

Get new card

title: Flashcards for Java keywords


text:
Cookbook:Cuisine of Denmark

| European cuisines

Danish traditional food reflects the northern agricultural climate, where recipes are made of grains, beef, pork, chicken and milk products.

 * Rye Bread (Rugbrød)
 * Øllebrød (Beer and Rye Bread Porridge)
 * Rødkål: Danish Braised Red Cabbage
 * Frikadeller: Small veal and pork meat patties traditionally served with boiled potatoes, gravy and rødkål
 * Æbleskiver: Small, rounded pancakes

South Jutland
South Jutland is the southern part of the Danish mainland which is connected to Germany. There is some special cuisine which is inspired by German cuisine, and is thus not common in the rest of Denmark.

title: Cookbook:Cuisine of Denmark


text:
Portal talk:Current events/2020 August 16

I've got a problem
One source, The Sun-Sentinel had an article improperly cited here on Wikipedia. All I see is black text italicized. How do you resolve the issue? Call me when you get the chance 20:32, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I found out the problem: The link doesn't work. So I found another source instead, namely the Miami Herald. Call me when you get the chance 20:39, 16 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
sfilare

Etymology 1
From with replacement of the prefix by, or from.

Verb

 * 1) to remove, to take off (clothing)
 * 2) to remove, to take away (an item from among others)
 * 3) to pull the threads from, to unravel (a fabric)
 * 4) to unstring (pearls)
 * 5) to unthread (a needle)

Etymology 2
From.

Verb

 * 1) to parade, to march past

title: sfilare


text:
subjonctif

Etymology
, with /un/ replaced by /on/ (> /ɔ̃/) per the traditional French pronunciation of Latin.

Noun

 * 1) the subjunctive mood

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  subjunctive mood

title: subjonctif


text:
Operating system/Kernel models

Introduction
The kernel is the name given to the program that does most of the housekeeping tasks for the operating system. The boot loader hands control over to the kernel, which initializes the various devices to a known state and makes the computer ready for general operation.

After preparing the hardware for use, the kernel provides an abstraction layer between the hardware and software running on the system. Through an application programming interface (API), software can request the kernel to perform hardware tasks, as well as access many common functions. Most current kernels also multi-task the hardware, sharing it between the various processes running on the system.

Design

Monolithic Kernels function with all of the kernel and device drivers inside one address space running in kernel mode. The principle advantage to this approach is efficiency (especially on x86 architectures or 32-bit computer systems where a task switch is a particularly expensive operation). Unfortunately, monolithic kernels suffer the risk of the entire system crashing due to a bug in a device driver, the reason being it is running in the same area with the kernel and other drivers, so, if something fails every other driver and program will be affected.

Pros

 * Speed
 * Simplicity of design

Cons

 * Potential stability issues
 * Can become huge - Linux 4.15 has 20 million lines of code and Windows 10 contains over 40 million lines!
 * Potentially difficult to maintain

Examples

 * Traditional Unix kernels (includes BSDs and Solaris)
 * Linux
 * MS-DOS, Windows 9x
 * Mac OS versions below 8.6

Design

A Microkernel tries to run most of its services and device drivers in userspace. This can result in an increase in stability and possibly security on machines with a Memory Management Unit. Unlike monolithic kernels, most of the components run in some kind of container, so if something fails, the module or driver will be restarted.

Pros

 * Stability
 * Security
 * Potentially more responsive (though often not in practice)
 * Benefits for SMP machines

Cons

 * Additional context switches are usually required
 * Slow Inter Process Communication can result in poor performance
 * Not helpful for threads

Examples

 * AmigaOS
 * Amoeba
 * Mach
 * Minix
 * MorphOS
 * L4
 * QNX

Design

A hybrid kernel combines the concepts of both monolithic kernels and microkernels. It is generally implemented by having a monolithic kernel with a more microkernel like design. When properly implemented it is hoped that this will result in the performance benefits of a monolithic kernel, with the stability of a Microkernel

Examples

 * NT kernel (used in Windows NT, 2000, XP, Vista, 7, 8, and 10)
 * XNU (Mac OS X and ios' kernel)
 * DragonFly BSD
 * BeOS
 * Plan 9

title: Operating system/Kernel models


text:
Talk:Debbie Davies

Disambiguation
I think a disambiguation should be done with Debbie Davies (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debbie_Davis), American born in 1952 and who worked with Sylvie Vartan and François Valéry. She was the French voice for the Lion King's song "Cirle of Life" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_of_Life, see https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_of_Life). 2A01:CB04:A20:700:F10E:3D4D:701F:A461 (talk) 03:35, 26 October 2022 (UTC)

 * mistake of mine : 1959, not 1952.
 * 2A01:CB04:A20:700:F10E:3D4D:701F:A461 (talk) 03:39, 26 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Debbie Davies


text:
Talk:Trump travel ban

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 3 September 2019 and 12 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Sahil28699.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 04:28, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

New ban
Trump just signed a new ban. Someone should make a new page about that and add it here. (I would do it, but I don't really know enough about it.) PiratePablo (talk) 02:16, 25 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done. Sometimes the sky is blue (talk) 03:31, 3 October 2017 (UTC)

Delete
This page should be deleted. It lacks citations supporting the idea that these are called the "Trump travel ban" and "Trump Muslim ban", and why isn't there an article called "Obama travel ban" for when the Obama administration, in February 2016 banned people from the exact same 7 countries? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dr. Universe (talk • contribs) 16:15, September 26, 2017 (UTC)
 * That's not exactly true. See: Did the Obama Administration Select the Countries Affected by President Trump’s Immigration Order? -- BullRangifer (talk) 14:57, 28 October 2019 (UTC)
 * At the time the comment was made, there were no citations because it was a disambiguation page. Wikipedia prohibits citations in disambiguation pages. Now that the page has been expanded to a full article, the article properly uses citations. BarbadosKen (talk) 16:30, 18 February 2018 (UTC)

I believe there should be a section added which compares how the current travel ban affected the "banned" countries in comparison to the travel bans put in place by other administrations such as the Obama administration. Sahil28699 (talk) 22:20, 10 November 2019 (UTC) November 10, 2019

Expiration of the ban?
The page says "Presidential Proclamation 9645 (September 24, 2017) – A third travel ban to replace the second one, which expired after 90 days.". Is there any source for the expiration part?

According to this analysis, "On June 26, 2018, the Supreme Court of the United States issued an opinion in the case of Trump v. Hawaii. (Travel Ban 3.0). Writing for the five-justice majority, Chief Justice Roberts held [that President Trump’s travel ban does not violate the constitution or the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA)]. The Proclamation remains in full force indefinitely." — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:08, 30 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Exactly. The third travel ban (Travel Ban 3.0) has no expiration. The second travel ban was only valid for 90 days. Banana Republic (talk) 18:28, 12 January 2020 (UTC)

Why is it a "Muslim" travel ban?
Looking at some numbers.

Why is it a "Muslim" travel ban when it only affects 6 majority Muslim countries? There are 50 majority Muslim countries according to Pew research. That's only 12%.

How is it a Muslim ban when it only affects 135m people? There are 1800m Muslims. That's only 7.5%, and many of the 135m aren't Muslim so it's really less.

Is calling it a Muslim ban politically motivated? That's the only reason I can think of. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:14C:8200:1680:7942:87F6:8A04:E55 (talk) 03:57, 12 February 2020 (UTC)

 * Calling it a Muslim ban was political both from proponents, starting with DJT himself (making a link between Islam and security) and opponents (labelling it as religion-based discrimination) at the time. This is therefore yugely relevant to understanding the politics of it all. This decision had everything to do with politics and erasing a mention of that would amount to whitewashing. JBLMartin (talk) 12:52, 7 December 2022 (UTC)

If you want to be super technical, then no, it was not a Muslim ban, nor did the ban explicitly target muslims. However, as evidenced by Mr. Trump's campaign rhetoric and his website prior to May 2017, the motivation behind the ban was to reduce muslim immigration to the United States, which it successfully did when it was in effect. I would say that it is appropriate to mention that this ban is sometimes called the "Muslim ban" since this noun phrase is mentioned in the secondary sources, and also since reducing muslim immigration was the primary goal of the EO. Voluntari Tau (talk) 16:38, 28 February 2021 (UTC)

Somehow North Korea suddenly became a muslim nation under this description — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:24, 12 October 2021 (UTC)

 * NK was just added to deflect criticisim & legal challenges that this was discrimination based on religion [Citation needed]. It was advertised politically by its proponents and its critics as based on religion, whether it was efficient or inefficient discrimination.
 * This therefore reasonably justifies keeping mentionning its (second) name as a Muslim Ban or Muslim Travel Ban (which is obvioulsy contentious and therefore relegated to a second position), but that is the name it will have in the history books, how it was called by its proponents and opponents, world press and people involved at the time. Removing reference to this name would be politically motivated partisan hijacking JBLMartin (talk) 12:33, 7 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trump travel ban


text:
Talk:Artur Rother

External links modified
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I have just modified 1 one external link on Artur Rother. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101025170325/http://audaud.com/article.php?ArticleID=7985 to http://www.audaud.com/article.php?ArticleID=7985
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title: Talk:Artur Rother


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/2001: A Space Odyssey (film)/archive2

2001: A Space Odyssey (film)

 * Nominator(s): CodexJustin (talk) 19:20, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

This article is about the film of Kubrick's titled 2001: A Space Odyssey. The film article has been updated and brought up to date with a new 2018 book about the film and appears to be ready for consideration as a candidate for promotion. The article has been at GA for some time now, and was unsuccessfully twice nominated for FAC previously over 5 years ago (in 2005 and 2013). has indicated an interest in participating in order to start this assessment and the top active editors have been pinged if they might like to participate. CodexJustin (talk) 19:20, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

Comments by Darkwarriorblake
There are a few issues that stand out to me with a cursory glance through.
 * There are too many cited statements in the lead. These should all be sourced in the body so they don't need to be sourced in the lead unless controversial.
 * Cites moved to main body. Lede is clean . CodexJustin (talk) 16:22, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * I don't think the mentions of its ranking by the likes of Sight and Sound, etc is particularly notable in hte lead. I'd maybe look at replacing some of that puffery with mention of the film's cultural impact/legacy
 * Moved to legacy section. CodexJustin (talk) 16:22, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Similar to point 1, the budget/gross in the infobox don't need sourcing, these should be sourced in the article.
 * Cite moved to main body of article. CodexJustin (talk) 16:22, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * I don't know if there is a particular style-guide against it, but I think the numerous sub-sub headers in the development section are unnecessary. "Meeting of Kubrick and Clarke" for example is a paragraph. I don't need that breaking apart from the next two paragraphs, it's an easily digestible chunk of text as a whole.
 * Merged subsections and re-factored Production section to new format. CodexJustin (talk) 16:22, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * The sub-subsection about Hal's breakdown for example does not seem to relate to the writing of the film at all, it seems more fitted to the "Interpretation" section
 * Moved to Interpretation. CodexJustin (talk) 16:22, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * The two fairly large quotes in this section could possibly be a WP:COPYVIO. Where possible it might be worth trimming them down to the key points.
 * Excess quotes have been cut by half. CodexJustin (talk) 16:22, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what is notable about a list of home video releases by year. Are any of these released particularly notable? There's 3 mentions of its release on VHS for instance with the only mentioned difference being the distributors. Information like sales figures, unique presentations, restorations, etc would be of benefit, but generic releases are kind of pointless to mention. IMO.
 * The list was excessive. I have kept the original release, the Criterior Collection release, and the 4K release. CodexJustin (talk) 16:22, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * I also prefer to move soundtrack releases into a home media section as it seems chronologically incorrect to talk about them in a Music section well before we even discuss the film's release. But that's a personal style thing not a deal breaker.
 * I'll look closely at this. The music was a big deal to Kubrick according to the new 2018 book about the film. CodexJustin (talk) 16:22, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Rotten Tomatoes and Metacritic are used in the first section of the Critical Reception section, but these did not exist until decades after this film was released. It's typically frowned upon to do this as it is both over emphasising the importance of these two sites and not providing an accurate contemporary take on how the film was received at the time. The Thing (1982 film) for example was hated on release but it is much more well received today. There seems to be a section later on in the reception area relating to modern reception. I would personally break the RT/MC lines and this off and make it part of the Legacy section, because this is relating to modern receptions and the reception section relates to the film at release.
 * This post-mortem material has been moved to the legacy section. It does have some value, however, even though its after the fact analysis and review. CodexJustin (talk) 16:22, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * A lot of the references seem to be lacking archives which jeopardizes the longevity of the article being verifiable. There are tools on the left hand side of the website when viewing the article that can do this for you.
 * Are you talking about the deadURL tool or something more extensive? Really good comments from DWB, ready to continue if there are more easy spots or even difficult spots that you can find and identify. It would be nice to improve the article further. CodexJustin (talk) 16:22, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

Oppose at this point pending citation cleanup - lots of missing page numbers, incomplete and inconsistently formatted citations, areas missing citations, etc. Also noting that there seems to be a lot of quoting going on, which at times interferes with the flow of the prose. Nikkimaria (talk) 02:38, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * That's it for now, these were some easy spots I found. Darkwarriorblake / SEXY ACTION TALK PAGE! 20:12, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

Oppose − the prose is below FA standard. Here are some examples: There are more problems, these are just examples. Graham Beards (talk) 05:03, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Why is "Monolith" written with an upper case em?
 * There are several fused participles, for example "with critics reacting negatively to the aesthetics". I suggest "and critics reacted negatively".
 * Here "Kubrick received one for his direction of visual effects" should be the visual effects.
 * "A number of" means "several".
 * Here "and drive their rivals away from the water hole", there is no need to repeat "from the water hole".
 * "a loud high-pitched radio signal is heard" - humans can't hear radio waves.
 * " led him to seek more realistic and scientifically accurate depiction of space travel" should be "a more accurate" or "depictions".
 * "Two educational films that came out previously" - ??
 * I have no idea what this means, "They spent two years transforming the 6 short stories that would become a novel, along with several newly developed plot lines by Clarke for new short stories required by Kubrick for the film development, and then integrate them all into a single script for 2001."
 * The literature about the film capitalizes "Star Gate", "Star Child", and "Monolith" and presents them as proper nouns. The article is consistent with this usage. The main editors of this article are listed here and have been maintaining the prose quality at the GA-level of the article for some time now. I have added your prose improvements listed above to the article and would be happy to add any more suggestions for further prose improvement. CodexJustin (talk) 18:31, 24 September 2019 (UTC)

Support, in my opinion the article is good enough to qualify. I also did some citation work, with the help of IABot Management Interface. -- Mazewaxie ( talk  •  contribs ) 18:58, 24 September 2019 (UTC)

Coordinator comment - This appears not to have been sufficiently prepared for nomination, with early opposition on prose and sources. Therefore, I will be archiving it shortly and it may be re-nominated after the customary two-week waiting period. In the mean time, please action feedback as appropriate. I recommend engaging a peer review process to ensure the writing and sourcing meets WP:WIAFA. -- Laser brain  (talk)  15:37, 26 September 2019 (UTC) -- Laser brain  (talk)  15:37, 26 September 2019 (UTC)


text:
Lesnoye, Burlinsky District, Altai Krai

Lesnoye (Лесное) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Rozhkovsky Selsoviet, Burlinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 594 as of 2013. It was founded in 1939. There are 6 streets.

Geography
Lesnoye is located 50 km northeast of Burla (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ustyanka is the nearest rural locality.

title: Lesnoye, Burlinsky District, Altai Krai


text:
User:Ayong8/be bold

Hello guys,

my name is Yongsu Ahn, a phd student starting the program in the School of Computing and Information at Pitt this fall.

title: User:Ayong8/be bold


text:
User:Graham87

Hello. My name is Graham Pearce. I am twenty-three years old and I live in Western Australia. I have been editing Wikipedia since February 2005, and have been an administrator there since August 2007. I've mostly done copyediting and "wiki-archaeology" on Wikipedia (i.e. piecing together the early history of the site). More details of my work there can be found on my Wikipedia user page. I have also uploaded many sound files of classical music to Wikimedia Commons, so they can be used in articles about composers, styles, or specific works.

I am totally blind, and have been so since birth, due to retinopathy of prematurity. I use the screen reader JAWS with a speech synthesiser to access the Internet.

title: User:Graham87


text:
School talk:Linguistics

Note: please coordinate this page with Portal:Linguistics. --JWSchmidt 01:36, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The School of Language and Literature is part of the Humanities. The School of Foreign Language Learning is part of the Practical Arts and Sciences. The School of Linguistics is part of the Social Sciences. These three schools should cooperate and avoid duplication of effort. --JWSchmidt 16:22, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

I have some formal training in Linguistics, though it's not my primary area of study. I may be able to help if called upon. In particular, my knowledge lies in Historical Linguistics (and particularly that relating to English and French) and Artificial Languages. Jade Knight 20:29, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

English Language
I've created an English Language Division, to deal with the Linguistics that relates specifically to the English language. Anything dealing with Old or Middle English, English morphology, phonetics, or syntax, etc., might belong there. The Jade Knight 00:00, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

 * So what of other language departments – Topic:German Language, Topic:Spanish Language, Topic:French Language, Topic:Chinese Language etc? Many resources at Wikibooks could be imported to build such divisions.

 * I've started putting in place some local (en.wikiversity.org) pages to encourage and facilitate Foreign Language Learning. I'd like to collaborate on develping a generalized Multilingualism (like Multilingualism) learning resource and a Wikiversity-specific Multilingualism (like Multilingualism) learning resource.

 * All of this is coordinated via Topic:Multilingual Studies, its Topic:Translation Department and a social component – the Interlingual Beta Club. I would like to extend these to other versions and betas. Thoughts? Suggestions? Encouragement? Scathing critisims? CQ 22:34, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

Proposal
See : Colloquium. Amqui (discuss • contribs) 17:02, 8 February 2017 (UTC)

title: School talk:Linguistics


text:
Fortune Green

Fortune Green is a small area in West Hampstead, London Borough of Camden.

Lying on the south-west side of the Finchley Road, Hampstead town council decided to build its overflow cemetery there in the 1840s. A guide to Hampstead Cemetery, with short biographies of selected grave occupants and maps of their location and illustrations of the more prominent monuments, was published in 2000.

It now lies in the London Borough of Camden as a ward. The ward has existed since the May 1978 local elections and was redrawn in May 2002. The population of this ward at the 2011 Census was 11,740 and is associated closely with West Hampstead, evidenced in the joint Fortune Green & West Hampstead Neighbourhood Plan adopted by Camden Council in September 2015.

Nearby places

 * Childs Hill (to the north)
 * Frognal / Hampstead (to the east)
 * West Hampstead (to the south)
 * Kilburn (to the south-west)
 * Mapesbury (to the west)
 * Cricklewood (to the north-west)

title: Fortune Green


text:
Chilly-Mazarin

Chilly-Mazarin is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 16.9 km from the center of Paris.

A small part of Orly International Airport lies on the territory of the commune of Chilly-Mazarin.

Inhabitants of Chilly-Mazarin are known as Chiroquois.

History
Chilly-Mazarin developed around a Roman villa named Cailliacum which evolved into Chailly then Chilly. The suffix -Mazarin was added in 1822 to distinguish it from other French villages named Chilly and refers to the Mazarinettes, the famed nieces of Cardinal Mazarin who, for several years, lived at a mansion in Chilly. The fourth niece, Hortense Mancini, pass down to her son the titles of Marquess of Chilly and Duke of Mazarin which were ultimately passed to the House of Grimaldi, reigning house of Monaco.

Transport
Chilly-Mazarin is served by Chilly-Mazarin station on Paris RER line C.

Education
There are:
 * Seven preschools (écoles maternelles): du Centre, du Château, Les Roseaux, Les Saules, Pasteur, and Pauline Kergomard
 * Four elementary schools: du Château, Jean-de-la-Fontaine, Pasteur, and Pierre et Marie Curie

There is a junior high school, Collège les Dînes Chiens, which opened in 1968.

High schools in the area include:
 * Lycée Marguerite-Yourcenar - Morangis
 * Lycée Jacques-Prévert - Longjumeau
 * Lycée des Métiers Jean-Perrin – Longjumeau

title: Chilly-Mazarin


text:
Graham Holland

Graham D Holland (born 1961) is an English and Irish greyhound trainer. He is a three times Irish Greyhound Derby and one time English Greyhound Derby winning trainer.

Profile
Holland left school aged 16, to work at the Hook Estate and Kennels for Greyhound Racing Association trainer Randy Singleton, who was based at White City. He then moved to work for Jill and Gordon Holt. After a break he returned to greyhound racing on the independent circuit. In September 1992, based at the Avon Park Kennels on Ringwood Road, in St Ives, Dorset he applied for and was granted a National Greyhound Racing Club licence and gained an attachment at Portsmouth Stadium where he met his wife Nicky.

His first major training feat was steering One For Tarbert through to the Wendy Fair St Leger at Wembley on 15 November 1996. He reached the 1997 Scurry Gold Cup final with Official Figure before Holland moved to Poole Stadium and became the track's champion trainer but he soon required a track that could provide regular races for his higher class of greyhound. He subsequently joined Oxford Stadium in 2000 and continued to build a strong reputation. In 2001 he then became attached to Brighton & Hove Greyhound Stadium and reached the final of the RD Racing Cesarewitch.

In 2002 Graham and Nicky made the decision to move to Golden, County Tipperary in Ireland, they set up the Riverside Kennel on a seven-acre plot. The move inevitably resulted in a period of transition for the kennel and it was not until 2005 that they tasted success winning the 2005 Tipperary Cup with Broadacres Tommy. The competition wins began to regularly arrive from 2008 including the Cox Cup and Tipperary Cup (2008) and the Laurels and Select Stakes (2009).

The following decade would see the kennel become the most significant in Ireland and arguably the United Kingdom, in 2012 Knockglass Billy won the Laurels and the following year Cabra Buck reached the 2013 Irish Greyhound Derby final It was during 2015 that Holland was propelled into the leading trainer in Ireland, he won the Easter Cup with Sidarian Blaze, the Oaks with Ballydoyle Honey and the Champion Stakes with Sidarian Vega.

In 2016 he won Ireland's leading prize, the Boylesports Irish Greyhound Derby with Rural Hawaii. In addition Clares Rocket won the National Produce and Champion Stakes and Skywalker Manner won the Laurels. The following year (2017) resulted in a Clonbrien Hero winning three competitions; the St Leger, Produce and Laurels. Following a quiet 2018 he bounced back with a second Derby triumph when Lenson Bocko won the 2019 Irish Greyhound Derby. The year also contained major wins in the Easter Cup, Shelbourne 600, Select Stakes and the Race of Champions.

Holland began 2020 with a third Easter Cup title, this time with Wolfe and after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown he won a third National Produce in five years, with Newinn Taylor who won his 12th successive race. The success continued when Newinn Taylor then won the 2020 Irish Greyhound Derby winning his 16th race from 18 starts, propelling Holland on to a short list of three time Irish Derby winners behind four-time winners Tom Lynch and Gay McKenna. Newinn Taylor was later voted Irish Greyhound of the Year.

In 2022, he won the Kirby Memorial Stakes with Swords Rex before Romeo Magico, a black and white dog won the 2022 English Greyhound Derby and the first prize of £175,000. The greyhound owned and bred by David Firmager provided Holland with the completion of his ambition of winning the English Derby.

title: Graham Holland


text:
Khvosh-e Bala

Khvosh-e Bala (, also Romanized as Khvosh-e Bālā and Khowsh-e Bālā) is a village in Fazl Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 419, in 110 families.

title: Khvosh-e Bala


text:
editorialista

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) leader writer

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) editorialist

Noun

 * 1) editorialist

title: editorialista


text:
User:Jivashini/TWA/Earth

The Earth is home to millions of species of plants and aniimals, including humans.

=Earth= The Earth is the thurd planet from the Sun. It is one of the fore terrestrial planets in our Solar System. This means most of its mass is solid. The other tree are Mercury, Mars, and Venus. The Earth is also called the Blue Planet, Planet Earth, and Terra.

The Earth is home to millions of species of plants and aminals, including hughmans.

Earth is the best and coolest planet in the whole galaxy. Earth is a place that's perfect for humans to live.

title: User:Jivashini/TWA/Earth


text:
中間

Noun

 * 1) middle; midway (of a distance); center (of an area)
 * 2) midst; within; among
 * 1) midst; within; among
 * 1) midst; within; among
 * 1) midst; within; among

Noun

 * 1) middle, midway

title: 中間


text:
User:Juanmaiz

Hi, i'm new to Wikiversity. I wanna study Philosophy and i´m willing to create a local comunity of studies (a wikicentric one) and book share.

I´m also a wikipedia contributor:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Juanmaiz - My page in Wikipedia EN

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usuário:Juanmaiz - Minha página no wikipedia PT

title: User:Juanmaiz


text:
Kapustinka

Kapustinka (Капустинка) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Proslaukhinsky Selsoviet, Bayevsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 40 as of 2013. There are 3 streets.

Geography
Kapustinka is located near the Kulunda River 19 km northeast of Bayevo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Proslaukha is the nearest rural locality.

title: Kapustinka


text:
Talk:Tottenham Railers

New Logo
Hello I am new to this so I am unsure how to add the teams new logo after the rebrand. The title also needs to change from Thunder to Railers and I am unsure how to change that. GMHL Insider (talk) 22:03, 31 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tottenham Railers


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/arabuser.com

Links

 * arabuser.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 14 additions.


text:
chisme

Etymology 1
. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) gossip
 * 2) a worthless object, thingy

Etymology 1
, perhaps equivalent to etymology 2. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) gossip idle talk

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) bedbug

Etymology 1
. A connection to has been proposed on the grounds that rumours can cause strife. Coromines considers it more likely to be a further evolution of etymology 2 below.

Noun

 * 1) gossip
 * 2) trinket, gadget
 * 3)  thingy something whose name one cannot recall
 * 1) trinket, gadget
 * 2)  thingy something whose name one cannot recall
 * 1) trinket, gadget
 * 2)  thingy something whose name one cannot recall

Synonyms

 * cacharro

Etymology 2
From, from. Initial consonant altered presumably by association with the synonymous doublet.

Noun

 * 1) bedbug

title: chisme


text:
J. Donald Monan

J. Donald Monan, SJ (December 31, 1924 – March 18, 2017) was the chancellor of Boston College from 1996 to 2017 and its 24th president from 1972 to 1996—the longest such tenure in the university's history until it was surpassed by his successor. A native of Blasdell, New York, he joined the Society of Jesus in 1942. Monan earned a bachelor's degree, a licentiate of philosophy, and a Licentiate of Sacred Theology at Woodstock College. He then studied at the University of Louvain (UCLouvain) in Belgium, where he earned a Ph.D. in philosophy. He was ordained a priest in 1955.

Prior to becoming president of Boston College, Monan served as acting president, vice president, academic dean, chairman of the philosophy department, professor and instructor at Le Moyne College.

Boston College
When Monan took over as president, BC was approximately $30 million in debt and its endowment totaled just under $6 million. By the time he retired, the university's endowment had risen to over $500 million and the campus had greatly expanded to include such new buildings as O’Neill Library, Merkert Chemistry Center and Conte Forum.

Monan served as chancellor of the university after retiring as president. His memberships included the National Leadership Roundtable on Church Management, the Jesuit Philosophical Association, New England Province of Jesuits. the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy, and the Massachusetts Historical Society.

title: J. Donald Monan


text:
35th National Hockey League All-Star Game

The 35th National Hockey League All-Star Game was held on February 8, 1983, at the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale, New York, home to the New York Islanders. In the game, Edmonton Oilers' centre Wayne Gretzky set an All-Star Game record by scoring all of his four goals in the third period. Gretzky's four goal performance was instrumental in winning his first All-Star M.V.P. honor. Wayne Gretzky's Edmonton Oilers' linemate Mark Messier assisted on three of the four goals in the third period to set an All-Star Game record for most assists in a period.

Uniforms
Following the overload of stars on the 1982 All-Star uniforms, the NHL opted to simplify the designs for 1983. The number of stars on the jersey were reduced to six on the front and back of the waistline, above a contrasting stripe, and three on each sleeve, below the numbers. The sleeves also featured a contrasting stripe panel running from the collar down to the cuff, similar to the stripe used by the Toronto Maple Leafs at the time. The NHL shield continued to be worn on the right shoulder, while the All-Star shield (introduced in 1981) made its uniform debut here on the left shoulder. The NHL also placed the conference names on the uniform for the first time, with the home Wales Conference team wearing white jerseys with orange trim, and the visiting Campbell team wearing orange jerseys with black trim. The player names and numerals were rendered in a block-shadow font similar to the style used by the New York Rangers.

Game summary

 * Referee: Bob Myers
 * Linesmen: Ryan Bozak, Leon Stickle
 * TV: CBC, SRC, USA Network


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Grissom Parkway

Grissom Parkway
There isn't really a category for roads which are nn. This is roadcruft.Blnguyen | Have your say!!! 03:49, 20 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
David Kretzmer

David Kretzmer (דוד קרצמר; born 4 November 1943) is an Israeli expert in international and constitutional law. He is professor emeritus of international law of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and professor of law at the Transitional Justice Institute at the University of Ulster in Northern Ireland. He has been a member of international and Israeli Human Rights organizations, including the UN Human Rights Committee under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, serving as its vice-chairperson in 2001 and 2002. He established the Centre for Human Rights at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and was a founding member of the Association for Civil Rights in Israel, the Minerva Centre for Human Rights, a joint centre of the Hebrew University and Tel Aviv University. He is also a founding member of B'Tselem. Kretzmer is a member of the Israeli Law Professors' Forum for Democracy, established in 2023 to respond to the Israeli coalition's plans for changes in the legal system.

Life and career
Kretzmer was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, and emigrated to Israel in 1963. He received his Bachelor of Laws from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1967, and his Master of Laws in 1972. He worked as a law clerk to Justice Zvi Berinson at the Supreme Court of Israel from 1966 to 1967, and with the firm of Yigal Arnon in Jerusalem until 1968, when he was admitted to the Israeli Bar. He was teaching assistant to Aharon Barak and became part-time teacher at the Faculty of Law of the Hebrew University in 1969 and worked as an advocate with D.M. Schlosberg, Advocates in Tel-Aviv until 1972, when he entered Osgoode Hall Law School at York University in Toronto, Canada, where he obtained a Doctor of Laws in 1975 with a dissertation about Aims and functions of the tort system of loss allocation. He became lecturer in law at the Hebrew University in 1975, being appointed to the Louis Marshall Chair of Environmental Law in 1976 and to senior lecturer in 1978. From 1981 till 1984 he was vice-dean for students’ affairs at the Faculty of Law of the Hebrew University and became associate professor in 1984 and full professor in 1991, when he was appointed both professor of the Faculty of Social Sciencies' School of Public Policy and the Faculty of Law, where he held the Bruce W. Wayne Chair of International Law until 2006.

He was Visiting Professor of Law at the University of Southern California, Tulane University, Bar-Ilan University, Columbia University, and Visiting Fellow at the MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the Institute for Advanced Legal Studies of the University of London, and the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and Foreign Law in Heidelberg. In 2006 he joined the Transitional Justice Institute (TJI) at the University of Ulster.

His fields of interest are constitutional law, judicial decision-making, human rights and international humanitarian law. He has taught torts, contract, constitutional law, administrative law, international human rights and international humanitarian law.

Kretzmer was a founding member of the Association for Civil Rights in Israel in 1972 and served as chairperson on its executive board. In 1993 he established the Centre for Human Rights at the Hebrew University, and from 1997 till 2000 he served as first academic director of the Minerva Centre for Human Rights, a joint centre of the Hebrew University and Tel Aviv University. He was a member of the UN Human Rights Committee under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights from 1995 to 2002, and vice-chairperson in 2001 and 2002. He was on the founding council of the Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories B'Tselem, and is a member of its executive board, and served on the first executive committee of HaMoked, the Center for Defence of the Individual in Israel. He was elected a commissioner of the International Commission of Jurists in 2003 and re-elected in 2008.

In 2010, the Minerva Center for Human Rights established a research fellowship for research in Human Rights Law in honor of Kretzmer and his late wife Marcia.

Publications

 * Books and Book chapters

 * Recent articles

title: David Kretzmer


text:
Rindfleisch

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Rindfleisch is the 33894th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 671 individuals. Rindfleisch is most common among White (94.63%) individuals.

Noun

 * 1) beef

Noun

 * 1) beef

title: Rindfleisch


text:
päristä

Etymology 1
From, from an root.

Verb

 * 1)  to buzz, rattle to emit a sound consisting of quick explosive or banging sounds, such as the sound of a moped, ratchet or quickly beaten drums

title: päristä


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Order of the Collar of Saint Agatha

The result of the debate was keep. Mailer Diablo 03:55, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Order of the Collar of Saint Agatha
Delete. The Leadership of the Order of the Collar organization did not authorize the writing of the article and wish it to be removed.In addition, the content was taken from their own published history without permission. Inpectore 18:39, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep for now. AfD is not the proper venue here, as this is an encyclopedic subject. The wishes of the article's subject are not relevant unless the article is in violation of applicable law or Wikipedia policies. Google searches for random blocks of text indicate no copyright violation of online sources. If you think this is in violation of copyright on printed text, please proceed as per WP:CP. Sandstein 19:27, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep Sandstein is exactly right. Gwernol 20:01, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep per Sandstein Bucketsofg 20:08, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete I am the author of the article and I also wish it to be deleted. I'm not claiming it is a violation of copyright. Rather, I am saying I was unauthorized to write this article in the first place. Am I to understand that after voluntarily writing this article it now MUST remain on Wikipedia against my wishes? Inpectore 21:51, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Cf. WP:OWN. What do you mean, "authorized"?  Bobby P. Smith Sr. Jr. 21:55, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * To be perfectly clear, yes, by submitting an article to Wikipedia you have liscensed it under the GFDL, which means that you, among other things, have lost the right to insist that it be removed from Wikipedia or any other publication which complies with the conditions of the GFDL., so this article MAY remain here against your wishes. (It can also be removed if the consensus of the community is that it does not fit the needs of the encyclopedia.) No vote. Dsmdgold 02:12, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Comment Clearly someone not wanting this page is not grounds for deletion. I confess I'm struggling with the lack of sources.  I'm not suspicious - I just like good sources.  The ones here are fairly circular, as the first links back to wikipedia (strange for a page they want deleted).   I think that any statement without sources should be removed.  Anyone know how to access charity commision lists? Nevermind - I'll take it to the talk page.Obina 23:48, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Here is the best link I found Obina 23:52, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Weak keep because the 'leadership' asking it to be removed is not a reason to remove it. Rewrite anything that's a copyvio. I'm rather sceptical about the whole thing though. Robin Johnson 11:42, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep rewrite anything that is a copyright violation. I'm sorry that you have written something that you were not "authorized" to write but this is not the forum to debate that Nigelthefish 16:01, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep The sources requested can all be found on the Archive page of the Scandinavian site, at http://www.mocterranordica.org/Arkiv.html.

 * Nice - is this link on the page? Can any bilingual type tell if this all supports what the page says? Oops sorry i know take it to talk.  I agree Keep.Obina 23:44, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Not sure if to keep. Agree with above that an article is not owned by any one person and that mere wish to delete by one author of article or the subject of the article is not enough. But we have in the past acquiesced to requests by sole authors to remove content even if it had been GFDL (I remember a case about an image of someone's wife and the Koran, I believe) as a matter of human courtesy. What would be helpful is to know to what extent Inspectore is the only "real" author of the article - there are others in the contribution history, but a lot of the changes seem minor or removals of paragraphs. Isn't there some visual tool to see the authorship split of an article? If Inspectore is the near-only author and he wants it to go, I'm inclined to delete. If there has been active collaboration, then not. Martinp 01:58, 24 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
Morris Oxford Six

The Morris Oxford Six is a motor car produced by Morris of the United Kingdom from 1921 until 1926, and again from 1929 until 1935. Initially produced as a straight-six engined version of the Morris Oxford bullnose, the original Oxford Six was the first car produced by Morris with a six-cylinder engine, but proved to be unreliable. The versions produced from 1929 onwards were introduced as a replacement for the Morris Oxford 16/40.

Oxford Six F-type bullnose
A short-lived 17 hp six-cylinder variant, the F-Type Oxford Six, was displayed for the first time as a four seated cabriolet at the November 1922 Olympia Motor Show.

The first open four-seater tourer was sold to Lord Redesdale. Only 50 were made and, after the initial run, they were assembled to special order. It remained available until 1926.

The 2320 cc engine, it had six pistons from the 11.9, 1548 cc engine, proved unreliable, two intense vibration periods weakened and broke crankshafts and few were sold.

Although the car was longer than the four cylinder Oxford by 9 inches (230 mm) all the extra space was given over to the engine.

Oxford Six 1929-1934
For other contemporaneous cars loosely named Morris Six see Morris Ten, Morris Major (1931 to 1933), Morris Fourteen Six, Morris Cowley, Morris Fifteen Six Morris Six (1928), Morris Six MS, Morris Isis, Morris Twenty-one Six, Morris Twenty Five Six

A 1938 cc six-cylinder version, the LA series Oxford Six, was made between 1929 and 1933. It was much more successful than the 1921 version. Alongside the tourer and the new all-steel saloon, a fabric-bodied car was offered until 1932, when it and the tourer were dropped and a coupé introduced.

The all-steel body was made over the road at Cowley by W R Morris's joint venture with American Edward G Budd, Pressed Steel Company. It had striking similarities to a recent Dodge body. By 1930 supply problems were such that it was replaced by a similar but coachbuilt (wood framed) body.

Road Test
The Times tested the fabric bodied version of the new car. The driver has been given an electrical petrol gauge. Standard fitments include: bumpers, a stoplight and dipping headlights pneumatically controlled from the steering wheel. The four-wheel brakes are Lockheed hydraulic. The rear brakes by hand were found to be "useful" and the pedal brakes "admirable". Tools are supplied in a locker under the near side running board. The battery can be got at through a trap under the driver's seat. At the rear there is a fair-sized lockable luggage compartment. "The minimum brake horsepower is stated to be 45 at 3,200 rpm." Frame members are straight and at bumper height so that any shock is better withstood.

The Times went on to describe the new car as well-proportioned with seating front and back "thoroughly comfortable". The highest speed was about 60 miles an hour in top gear. Clutch action was satisfactory.

Chassis alone £215, this fabric saloon £285, tourer £275, coupé £295, coach built saloon £299.

In August 1930 a shorter chassis more expensive version was announced and named Morris Major Six, "A new light six-cylinder 15 hp model with a sparkling road performance". The Isis Six matched the Oxford SIx but was given "luxurious bodywork" and a larger 2½-litre engine.

Upgrade
In September 1932, the gearbox gained a fourth speed and the engine grew to 2062 cc with the Q-series unit. All Morris cars were given anti-splash side-shields to their front wings.

Direction indicators, a set of three coloured lights on each side of the car visible from front and rear were fitted. Controlled from a switch on the dashboard they permitted accurate indications of planned movements while the car's windows remain shut.

In its road test The Times commented favourably on the direction indicators though it noted the lack of ashtrays. Further comments of interest: starter access, should the starter lock, was considered difficult. The car moved with a mechanical smoothness and quietness "not always found with a car of this price". The saloon cornered unusually well. The pedal brakes were excellent but for a slight pull to the offside.

Automatism
All Morris cars for 1934, this was announced in August 1933, were to have 4-speed synchromesh gearboxes, dipping headlights, hydraulic shock absorbers, hydraulic brakes, rear petrol tank, direction indicators, safety glass and automatic ignition.

The Oxford, Isis and Twenty-five were singled out and given "automatic clutch control" described by The Times as automatism. The Oxford also received a governable free-wheel, bigger seats, a spare wheel cover and concealed ashtrays for back seat passengers.

The chassis frame was quite new and now also contained a cruciform shape. It was longer as well as stronger with flexible mounting for the (continued) 2062 cc engine. New shaped coachwork incorporated improved running boards, a new pattern of brake lever, draught excluders over the slots for the pedals and gear lever and interior sun visors, twin rear and reversing lights, fog light, occasional table folded behind the front seats, new pattern armrests are place front and rear and a folding footrest provided for rear seat passengers.

Reporting again in March 1934 The Times drew attention to the gearbox's free-wheel, quiet-third and synchromesh on the three top speeds. "Automatic clutch control" eliminated use of the clutch even for starting or stopping. Automatic engine restarting was fitted. The steering wheel was too large though distracting rather than obstructive. The handbrake lever was awkwardly shaped and positioned. The car remained smooth and quiet.

Tax relief
This Oxford Six was renamed Oxford Sixteen in September 1934 and placed within the new 16 to 25 horsepower range of Morris Big Sixes expanded in view of the 25 per cent reduction in Horse Power tax expected in 1935.

Oxford Sixteen and Oxford Twenty 1934–35
The Six name was changed to Sixteen, from the car's 16 hp tax horsepower category, in September 1934 when its 2062 cc engine was joined by the 2561 cc Twenty sold for the same price, the size of engine being the only difference. There was an intermediate eighteen horsepower Isis. Outwards appearance was further improved, the free-wheel and automatic clutch by Bendix remained in the specification. The hydraulic shock absorbers were now made by Luvax and double-acting. Wheels continued to be by Magna.

The engine's cooling system now had thermostatic control, mixture control was now thermostatic, direction indicators self-cancelling, the electric windscreen wiper was fitted with a blade for each side of the screen, Triplex safety glass fitted throughout.

Two styles of coachwork were available, the saloon and a Special coupé both fitted with a Pytchley sliding head (sunroof) and the sliding head is wired for radio. The interior woodwork is burr walnut, matt-finished in the saloon.

Barely nine months later these cars were superseded by members of the Morris Big Six series II range: Sixteen (later Eighteen) and Twenty-one (later Twenty-Five), announced 2 July 1935.

The Oxford name disappeared from new Morris cars until 1948.

title: Morris Oxford Six


text:
Jane Channell

Jane Channell (born August 23, 1988) is a Canadian skeleton racer who has competed since 2011 and was selected to the national team in 2013, joining the Skeleton World Cup squad in 2015. Channell was inspired to try skeleton by Jon Montgomery's gold medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. Before skeleton, Channell played softball and competed in track and field, winning the Great Northwest Athletic Conference indoor track titles in 60 metres and 200 metres. Channell was named one of the three women to represent Canada in skeleton at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang after finishing fifth in both the overall and World Cup standings for the 2017–18 season.

In January 2022, Channell was named to Canada's 2022 Olympic team.

Notable results
In the 2015–16 season, Channell had seven top-ten finishes out of the eight races and finished third in the overall ranking, but dropped to 11th overall in the 2016–17 season. Her best individual finish on the World Cup was a silver medal at the 2015–16 race in Park City, a result which she equalled in 2017 at Whistler. Her best result in the IBSF World Championships was in 2015 at Winterberg.

title: Jane Channell


text:
Augusto Larrabure

Augusto Larrabure (17 February 1912 – 15 October 1995) was a Peruvian sports shooter. He competed in the 50 m rifle event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

title: Augusto Larrabure


text:
Novomonoshkino

Novomonoshkino (Новомоношкино) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Novomonoshkinsky Selsoviet, Zarinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 1,045 as of 2013. There are 17 streets.

Geography
Novomonoshkino is located 53 km northeast of Zarinsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Khmelyovka is the nearest rural locality.

title: Novomonoshkino


text:
Henrietta Amelia Leeson

Henrietta Amelia Leeson (1751 – 6 December 1826) was an English actress of the 18th-century. Known as Mrs Lewis after her marriage to the actor William Thomas Lewis In 1780, she appeared regularly with him at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. She made over 100 appearances on the London stage between 1775 and 1791.

Born in London, Leeson developed an early interest in the theatre through the encouragement and support of her friends exacerbated by the frequent absence of her father from the family home owing to the long hours he worked in his printer's business. The Irish actor Charles Macklin took her on as an apprentice and in 1771 she accompanied him to Ireland where she made her début at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin. Leeson played a number of roles on her tour of Ireland with Macklin's company including Portia in The Merchant of Venice and Desdemona in Othello. On their return to Dublin Leeson continued to act in Macklin's company but he had become "deeply but fruitlessly infatuated with her" and he released her from her apprenticeship, following which she joined the Dawson Company at the Capel Street Theatre. She began to live with the actor William Thomas Lewis and went with him to England in 1775 where they married in about 1780. She appeared with Lewis at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, at first as Mrs Leeson and later as Mrs Lewis. She joined her husband on his tours of the provinces.

The quality of her acting was debated: Joseph Haslewood claimed her occasional appearances on the London stage (103 appearances between 1775 and 1791) were largely owing to her wanting to provide for her large family rather than through a desire to display her talent. However, another critic said of her first appearance at Covent Garden that 'there was an ease and nature in her deportment and dialogue that entitles her to encouragement', while Tate Wilkinson described her as 'an amiable handsome woman, and a pleasing actress'.

With her husband she had five sons and three daughters: Harry Lewis (1780-); Thomas Lewis (1782-); Edward George Lewis (1783–); Henry Lewis (1784-); Rosa Frances Lewis (1784–1862); Thomas Denison Lewis (1787–1849); Henrietta Lenthal Lewis (1788–1842), and Frances Lewis (1789–1809). Her son Henry appeared at Covent Garden and played a few parts, with little success. He was then on the Dublin stage.

In her later years Leeson lived in Liverpool and here she died on 6 December 1826 aged 75.

title: Henrietta Amelia Leeson


text:
No-broadcasting theorem

In physics, the no-broadcasting theorem is a result of quantum information theory. In the case of pure quantum states, it is a corollary of the no-cloning theorem. The no-cloning theorem for pure states says that it is impossible to create two copies of an unknown state given a single copy of the state. Since quantum states cannot be copied in general, they cannot be broadcast. Here, the word "broadcast" is used in the sense of conveying the state to two or more recipients. For multiple recipients to each receive the state, there must be, in some sense, a way of duplicating the state. The no-broadcast theorem generalizes the no-cloning theorem for mixed states.

The theorem also includes a converse: if two quantum states do commute, there is a method for broadcasting them: they must have a common basis of eigenstates diagonalizing them simultaneously, and the map that clones every state of this basis is a legitimate quantum operation, requiring only physical resources independent of the input state to implement—a completely positive map. A corollary is that there is a physical process capable of broadcasting every state in some set of quantum states if, and only if, every pair of states in the set commutes. This broadcasting map, which works in the commuting case, produces an overall state in which the two copies are perfectly correlated in their eigenbasis.

Remarkably, the theorem does not hold if more than one copy of the initial state is provided: for example, broadcasting six copies starting from four copies of the original state is allowed, even if the states are drawn from a non-commuting set. The purity of the state can even be increased in the process, a phenomenon known as superbroadcasting.

Generalized No-Broadcast Theorem
The generalized quantum no-broadcasting theorem, originally proven by Barnum, Caves, Fuchs, Jozsa and Schumacher for mixed states of finite-dimensional quantum systems, says that given a pair of quantum states which do not commute, there is no method capable of taking a single copy of either state and succeeding, no matter which state was supplied and without incorporating knowledge of which state has been supplied, in producing a state such that one part of it is the same as the original state and the other part is also the same as the original state. That is, given an initial unknown state $$\rho_i,$$ drawn from the set $$ \{\rho_i\}_{i \in \{1,2\}}$$ such that $$[\rho_1,\rho_2] \ne 0$$, there is no process (using physical means independent of those used to select the state) guaranteed to create a state $$\rho_{AB}$$ in a Hilbert space $$H_A \otimes H_B$$ whose partial traces are $$\operatorname{Tr}_A\rho_{AB} = \rho_i$$ and $$\operatorname{Tr}_B\rho_{AB} = \rho_i$$. Such a process was termed broadcasting in that paper.

No-Local-Broadcasting Theorem
The second theorem states that local broadcasting is only possible when the state is a classical probability distribution. This means that a state can only be broadcast locally if it does not have any quantum correlations. Luo reconciled this theorem with the generalized no-broadcast theorem by making the conjecture that when a state is a classical-quantum state, correlations (rather than the state itself) in a bipartite state can be locally broadcast. By mathematically proving that his conjecture and the two theorems all relate to and imply one another, Luo proved that all three statements are logically equivalent.

title: No-broadcasting theorem


text:
Wikiversity talk:Reliable sources

Votes

 * Rayc 05:37, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
 * digital_metalk 13:33, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Awolf002 15:49, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
 * -- sebmol ? 12:15, 20 August 2006 (UTC)
 * --Dario vet 12:24, 20 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Mirwin 13:39, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

Comments

 * Looks good with the "whenever possible" modifier. Though get rid of all the mentions of "articles".   --Rayc 05:37, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and clarified why "articles" showed up in the text. Hope this helps. Awolf002 15:49, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

 * We need to develop our content first, create our own precedents and derive best practices from that. This policy is highly premature. -- sebmol ? 12:15, 20 August 2006 (UTC)
 * It needs a bit of local evolution. Specifically the bit about verifiability is a bit overdone and puts people adding useful material on the defensive. Always appropriate to improve material by adding to it or modifying it along with a citation and explanation why.  Arbitrarily deleting or moving to the talk page merely because there is no citation does not seem useful or desirable to me at this time considering our dire lack of materials.  Mirwin 23:05, 11 December 2006 (UTC)
 * We don't have a dire lack of materials any more, but i think we might have to find another method of confronting erronous statements on a page. A course on evolution could be very disrubted if someone were to remove a large chunk of the text because "it was unreferenced"--Rayc 00:17, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

Limits?
I feel that this policy, like the verifiability one, needs to have mention of limits: contexts in which reliable sources may be less important than the discussion at hand. If I come up with specific examples, I'll mention them eventually. The Jade Knight 04:16, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

This policy is not actual practice
This policy has never, to my knowledge, been enforced, except erratically and idiosyncratically, long ago. No mature university would require their professors to cite reliable source for everything they say. Student papers submitted in university courses need not be peer-reviewed before being presented to a class. Rather, the policy was created here because Wikiversity users were Wikipedians, thinking like those involved in building an "encyclopedia that anyone could edit." Normally, encyclopedias retained experts. So how to build a reasonably reliable encyclopedia without relying on experts? The answer was to rely on material in "reliable sources." Yet I can say things in a paper approved by a peer-reviewed journal, I just did, that would not be accepted on Wikipedia.

The Wikipedia standards developed with a flat, single page per topic, project model that set up conflict, that attempted to exclude material created with a "point of view." The problem: experts have points of view, and amateurs who know a subject often have points of view as well, and generally know the topic better than "neutral editors," who may not understand the topic and who misread sources.

An encyclopedia also has a notability issue: material, for inclusion in an encyclopedia, should be notable. Not just any knowledge.

To learn about a topic at a university, it is not required that the topic be notable. A seminar can be set up if there are interested students. Here, that can be just one student. In controversial areas, speakers may be invited to present highly opinionated material.

Wikiversity has a neutrality policy, that is fundamental to WMF wikis; however, Wikiversity handles neutrality through inclusion, organization, and structure, not through exclusion of opinion and bias. We have many non-disruptive ways of handling this. It turns out that people are not upset if their opinions are attributed to them, as they are upset if the opinions (which they may think are fact) are excluded or deleted. Content conflict on Wikiversity is rare. To enforce the policy as written, conflict would become routine, it would be quite like Wikipedia.

Top level pages in Wikiversity may approach rigorous neutrality, and the only reliable measure of neutrality is true consensus. If it doesn't have consensus, there is a high risk that it is not actually neutral. So we push the material down, and negotiate for what is at the higher level to find consensus. We don't have to have consensus, here, to express our opinion or the results of our research. We have users who will support each other in this expression, so that it is not disruptive.

The policy needs revision, or to be deprecated. Thoughts? --Abd (discuss • contribs) 23:42, 15 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity talk:Reliable sources


text:
Mark Lindstrom

Mark Da Silva Lindström (born 22 January 1996) is a Swedish footballer who plays as a defender for Pittsburgh Riverhounds in the USL Championship.

Youth, college and amateur
Lindström played at various levels with the youth teams at Gefle IF, before opting to play college soccer at the University of North Carolina Wilmington in the United States in 2016. During his time with the Seahawks, Lindström made 68 appearances and scored 2 goals, as well as being named CAA All-Rookie Team in his freshman year.

Whilst at college, Lindström also played in the USL League Two for OKC Energy U23, Cincinnati Dutch Lions and Brazos Valley Cavalry.

Professional
On 16 January 2020, Lindström signed with USL Championship side Pittsburgh Riverhounds. He made his professional debut on 15 August 2020, appearing as a 73rd-minute substitute during a 1–0 loss to Indy Eleven.

title: Mark Lindstrom


text:
Buzhan, Nishapur

Buzhan (, also Romanized as Būzhān; also known as Būzān and Mūzer) is a village in Fazl Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 756, in 246 families.

Incidents
On July 24, 1987, a flood in Buzhan village killed over 1,000 people and destroyed some villages.

title: Buzhan, Nishapur


text:
Lancaster House (Stevensville, Montana)

The Lancaster House located at 407 Third St. in Stevensville, Montana is a vernacular "pyramidal cottage" built in 1909. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

It was deemed notable "as a fine example of early 20th century cast concrete block construction in Stevensville. Constructed by David L. Cannon, it illustrates the techniques and craftsmanship employed by one of the most productive local contractors of the 1900s-1910s, as the local economy boomed, and the town grew rapidly." It has a truncated hipped roof.

title: Lancaster House (Stevensville, Montana)


text:
Dublin Docklands Development Authority

The Dublin Docklands Development Authority (Údarás Forbartha Dugthailte Bhaile Átha Cliath) (DDDA) was created by the Dublin Docklands Development Authority Act 1997 to lead a major project of physical, social and economic regeneration in the East side of Dublin, Ireland, along both banks of the River Liffey. On 31 May 2012 the Irish government announced its intention to wind up the Authority. The full dissolution was due to take place in May 2014 with a plan to phase the organisation into the Docklands Consultative Forum. At the time, this plan was postponed due to disengagement of the DDDA leading up to the dissolution date. The Authority was officially dissolved on 1 March 2016.

History
The stated mission of the DDDA was to 'develop the Dublin Docklands into a world-class city quarter paragon of sustainable inner city regeneration – one in which the whole community enjoys the highest standards of access to education, employment, housing and social amenity and which delivers a major contribution to the social and economic prosperity of Dublin and the whole of Ireland'.

The Authority was due to work until 2012 on the development of the area and manage the investment of €7bn from both public and private sources.

The broad remit of The Authority included social regeneration which in practical terms resulted in the building of over 11,000 new homes. They also managed several events each year including the Docklands Fun Run which started from Grand Canal Dock.

Among the more famous projects it was responsible for overseeing were the Spencer Dock development, the Point Village (which ran into financial difficulties and was taken over by NAMA), and the proposed U2 Tower (which was abandoned).

Glass Bottle Plant losses
In November 2006, a consortium headed by property developer Bernard McNamara, and including financier Derek Quinlan and the Dublin Docklands Development Authority paid €412m for the 25 acres former Irish Glass Bottle site in Ringsend in Dublin. However the development never went ahead and the land – which ultimately cost €431 million when the price of acquisition, stamp duty and other costs is included – was valued in 2011 at €45 million. A special report on the DDDA by the Comptroller and Auditor General found that the authority failed to get an independent valuation of the site before committing to the deal, a move which ultimately cost the authority €52 million.

Winding up
On 31 May 2012 the Irish government announced its intention to wind up the Dublin Docklands Development Authority. The decision followed the publication of a special report on the DDDA by the Comptroller and Auditor General, which contained "damning findings about the authority's conduct". The Minister for Environment Phil Hogan, who was responsible for the DDDA, said the Government remained fully committed to the continued regeneration of the Dublin Docklands. However he said that taking account of several reports published about the DDDA, keeping the authority on a standalone basis was no longer viable, financially or otherwise. The authority was to remain in place for a transitional period of up to 18 months under a new board chaired by the then Dublin city manager John Tierney, later chief executive of Irish Water. In November 2013 Phil Hogan announced that he had asked the board to remain in place for an indefinite period. The authority's planning functions had already been transferred to the city council.

In December 2013 the Dáil Committee of Public Accounts (PAC) called Paul Maloney (CEO of the DDDA from 2005 to 2009) before it to discuss the developments at the DDDA. The PAC chairman, John McGuinness, stated that the committee wished to discuss Maloney's role in the risk assessment/risks which were identified and advised to the Board by the Executive; his involvement in the selection of Bernard McNamara as a joint venture partner; his involvement in deciding on the tender bid amount and his involvement in allowing Bernard McNamara latitude to increase the bid based on this expertise, and why Mr Maloney submitted a letter to the Department of the Environment citing a valuation of €220 million when, in reality, the Board was considering a bid of almost double that amount.

On 10 June 2014 the Dublin Business Forum decided that the dissolution plan would be postponed due to disengagement of the DDDA leading up to the planned dissolution date of May 2014. There were three main issues:

1) Failure to acknowledge enterprise as the key driver of Docklands success

2) Unclear terms of reference for the membership of the Docklands Consultative Forum

3) Lack of transparency in the transfer the remaining cash and related assets

The Authority was fully dissolved on 1 March 2016.

title: Dublin Docklands Development Authority


text:
User:Pradip pathak

Pradip pathak a Nepali movie serial director, comedy actor, producer. Pradip pathak was born on 24th october at kavrepalanchok,temal gaupalika. Pradip pathak mimicry more than hundred plus people. Pradip pathak was famous in tv serial and program in the role of nakkali prachanda. He was started his acting field at 2005, Over 2,500 performances have been seen at the stage show. Former prime ministers Girija Prasad, Prachanda, Sushil, Jhalanath and dozens of famous leaders received respect.Pradip Pathak started acting from a child artist.

title: User:Pradip pathak


text:
User:Dead Chook

Music
Bands and/or releases by the band Kind of Pluto, The Living End, Sounds Like Chicken, Enzso, System of a Down, Grinspoon, Sarah Blasko, The Hot Lies, The Red Paintings, The Sharp, Stutterfly, The Pink Spiders, Pete Murray, Streetlight Manifesto, Bodyjar, Goodshirt, Area-7, Runaway Boys, End of Fashion, Sparta, The Screaming Jets, Kevin Mitchell/Bob Evans, Ben Lee, Screaming Trees, Pigmy Love Circus, Little Birdy, The Butterfly Effect

Musicians Noel Crombie, Eddie Rayner, Nigel Griggs, Travis Dempsey, Charles Manson

Record Labels: Shock Records Instruments: Washtub bass

Entertainment
Film & Television The Mighty Boosh, The Wannabes, The Wog Boy Comedians: Noel Fielding Actors: Keisha Castle-Hughes

Other
Shopping Centre: Logan Hyperdome

My Contributions

title: User:Dead Chook


text:
Brett Hansen-Dent

Brett Hansen-Dent (born July 2, 1972) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

Personal life
Hansen-Dent is the son of American tennis player Betty Ann Grubb Stuart, half-brother of former tennis professional Taylor Dent and a step-son of Australian Davis Cup player Phil Dent. When he was 10, the family moved to Australia, where they lived for four years, before returning to California. He went to school at Newport Harbor High.

Career
Hansen-Dent was a mixed doubles gold medalist at the 1991 Summer Universiade in Sheffield, partnering Susan Gilchrist. He was also a member of the American squad which competed at the Pan American Games that year, in Havana, Cuba.

In 1991 and 1992, Hansen-Dent played collegiate tennis for the University of California, Irvine, then spent a year away touring.

While at the University of Southern California in 1994, Hansen-Dent was a doubles All-American and member of the NCAA championship winning team. In 1995 he was the Division I singles runner-up (to Sargis Sargsian) and earned All-American honours again, for both singles and doubles.

Hansen-Dent was given a wildcard at the 1995 US Open and played Russian Alexander Volkov in a first round match, which he lost in straight sets. He did however make the second round in the men's doubles, with Jonathan Leach. They defeated the Dutch pairing of Richard Krajicek and Jan Siemerink. His two other Grand Slam appearances were both in the men's doubles, at the 1996 US Open (with T.J. Middleton) and 1997 Australian Open (with Brian MacPhie. He was unable to get past the opening round in either tournament.

During his professional career, he played mainly as a doubles specialist and had his best year on the doubles tour in 1996. He won three Challenger titles that year, made the quarter-finals at the Austrian Open, semi-finals of the Grolsch Open and with Ivan Baron was a runner-up at the America's Red Clay Court Championships in Coral Springs.

Hansen-Dent was unable to repeat these efforts in 1997 due to a knee injury, which required surgery.

title: Brett Hansen-Dent


text:
Talk:Vitrectomy

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 28 October 2019 and 23 November 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): ALKNOPTR. Peer reviewers: Amucsfwiki.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 12:30, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Image
That's pretty brutal. Perhaps something a little less, er, horiffic? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 06:35, 11 August 2006 (UTC).

OMG, I looked here because I am in need of this surgery and that photo is making me seriously consider just staying blind...terrifying. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 15:31, 23 October 2006 (UTC).

I have to agree - that picture is a bit of a shocker - almost like its been put there by a troll? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 13:32, 26 October 2006 (UTC).

I'm taking a brief hiatus from editing wikipedia after seeing this. I followed a link from the Floater article, being positively amazed at the idea that it might be possible to treat that problem. Not very easy to make an objective assessment of whether it's desireable after seeing that image; so, effective obstruction of NPOV if you'll pardon the pun. At the very least, the top and bottom image should be swapped. Unfortunately, this is entirely in line with the wikipedia consensus of actively putting offensive images everywhere under the flag of "is not censored". I'd vastly prefer to be able to click on this stuff when I want to see it. Zuiram 23:16, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

I don't agree with the previous comments. Firstly, I assume the colouring of the image has made people concerned about it (Looks like a horror movie); possibly the submitter could restore the photograph to its original; not black and white state, if it has been editied. However, the photograph is of a medical nature; this is simply a photograph of the human body. It is if someone took a photograph of surgary to remove one's appendix; I think it provides a clear illustration of the technique. <IP_ADDRESS> 04:46, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

My friend and I thought it would be a laugh, to perform a vitrectomy on me - now I can't see very well. But the vitreous has been removed successfully !! (It's in my left hand as we speak) —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:12, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

I don't believe the picture on top shows a vitrectomy. For sure it doesn't show a pars plana vitrectomy as it is performed today. Most probably it shows a lens removal via pars plana which is performed in childhood's cataract. --H. de Groot (talk) 13:25, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

Folks, if you're going to randomly delete images, don't trash entire paragraphs and markup along with them. Use the goddamn preview button, that's what it's there for. "Edits" like that are indistinguishable from vandalism. I've restored the text. (And yes, that's exactly what a vitrectomy looks like; the photo is magnified and the procedure is painless.) <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:25, 30 December 2012 (UTC)

It's fine to have the images in the article if they are medically accurate, but how about just putting the startling images toward the bottom of the article in a section titled "Images"? That type of thing is done in many other articles. It is natural for it to be shocking to have a widened eye staring at you, and it makes the summary text pointlessly difficult to read. People who want graphic details will easily find it farther down after they've gained some understanding of the topic. DKEdwards (talk) 05:50, 13 July 2022 (UTC)

Work plan ALKNOPTR
I will be updating the vitrectomy wikipedia page for the following things: --list complications of vitrectomy one at a time and describe in detail what it means --use easier language (ie proliferative retinopathy) Timeline 11/1:  WP 1 11/6:  WP 2 11/13: WP 3 11/19: WP 4 11/21: finalize 11/22: warp/up — Preceding unsigned comment added by ALKNOPTR (talk • contribs) 18:26, 1 November 2019 (UTC)

UCSF Wiki Nov 2019 - Peer Review
Thanks for updating this page! Overall, I think your page is well-written and uses language that is easy to understand. I liked how you explained medical terms. Information is accurate. Can consider consolidating or re-organizing some of the headers/sections. Don't forget references if you have any.

Intro summary: I like how you not only defined what a vitrectomy is, but also gave quick overviews on the different types of vitrectomies. Could consider creating a section for "History" for that last paragraph.

Anesthesia for vitrectomy: I think it's a nice touch to add the anesthesia part because it's obviously a vital part of the procedure. I like how you don't go too much in detail considering that's not the point of this page, but the options can link out to their respective wiki page. Can consider moving it further down the page given it's additional information.

Pars plana vitrectomy: Nice that you went into further detail on the pars plana vitrectomy, giving a little history as well which is always interesting. Can consider maybe doing a similar section for anterior vitrectomy if there is relevant information that wasn't addressed in the intro summary.

Additional surgical steps: Again, nice that you went into further detail explaining other steps involved in the procedure. I particularly like how the information is organized, and allows you to link out to their respective wikipedia page for further information if the readers chooses to do explore some more.

Indications: Valuable indications section. Consider moving it towards the top of the article given it's important to know why to do the procedure before going into the procedure itself. Again, love the organization with quick informative paragraphs but links out to respective wikipedia page if reader wants more information.

Complications: Important section to add, especially considering it's a surgical procedure so thank you for doing so. I re-organized the order of how you presented the complications just for the sake of coherence. I like how you introduced the complications by their technical names, but gave quick explanations on what they are.

Recovery/Vision after vitrectomy: Both thoughtful sections considering recovery and return of vision are important considerations of this procedure.

Technology/Cultural references: Cool sections but I don't feel entirely necessary. Feels more like fun facts, which is always nice to have for reader engagement/interest.

title: Talk:Vitrectomy


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/Local/archive.channelmag.co.nz

Links

 * archive.channelmag.co.nz resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Selected additions

 * Displayed 2 additions out of 2 total.	 For more info see WikiProject_Spam/LinkReports/archive.channelmag.co.nz

Entry
Log entry for the MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist:

\barchive\.channelmag\.co\.nz\b# ADMINNAME # see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spam/Local/archive.channelmag.co.nz ]]

Discussion
See COIBot report for more details.

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 23:50, 7 February 2015 (UTC) Autostale: very old local report (>7 days). . --COIBot (talk) 00:42, 16 February 2015 (UTC)