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Eberhard Zangger

Eberhard Zangger (born 1958 in Kamen, West Germany) is a Swiss geoarchaeologist, corporate communications consultant and publicist. Since 1994 he has been advocating the view that a Luwian civilization existed in Western Asia Minor during the 2nd millennium BC. In 2014 he established the international non-profit foundation Luwian Studies, whose president he is.

Life and work
Eberhard Zangger studied geology and paleontology at the University of Kiel and obtained a PhD from Stanford University in 1988. After this he was a senior research associate in the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Cambridge (1988–91). In June 1991 he founded the consultancy office Geoarcheology International in Zurich, Switzerland, from where he participated in archaeological projects in the eastern Mediterranean each year until 1999. Zangger began concentrating on geoarchaeology in 1982. His early research work and discoveries included the coastal situation of Dimini in Neolithic Central Greece, the extent of Lake Lerna in the Argive Plain, the age and function of the Mycenaean river diversion and extent of the lower town of Tiryns, the insular character of Asine, the artificial harbor of Nestor at Pylos, including its clean water flushing mechanism, and a human-made dam in Minoan Monastiraki in central Crete. In 1992, Zangger suggested that Plato used an Egyptian version of a story about Troy for his legendary account of Atlantis. Zangger based his argument on comparisons between Mycenaean culture and Plato's account of the Greek civilization facing Atlantis, as well as parallels between the recollections of the Trojan War and the war between Greece and Atlantis. He recognized similarities between the Sea People invasions and the aggressors described by Plato and he also saw parallels between the Sea People invasions and the Trojan War. In 1992 Zangger arrived at the conclusion that Troy must have been much bigger than the archeological scholarship had presumed, and that the city must have had artificial harbors inside the modern floodplain. In a 1993 article, Zangger listed many commonalities between Plato's description of Atlantis and different accounts of Troy as it looked in the late Bronze Age.

In 1994, Zangger presented a chronology of political and economic developments in the eastern Mediterranean during the 13th century BC. This time, Zangger interpreted the legend of the Trojan War to be the memory of a momentous war which led to the collapse of many countries around the eastern Mediterranean around 1200 BC. Zangger's overall research goal was to find an explanation for the end of the Bronze Age in the eastern Mediterranean around 1200 BC. In contrast to the archaeological scholarship of the time, Zangger attributed greater importance to the states in Western Anatolia that are known from Hittite documents, including the Luwian kingdoms Arzawa, Mira, Wilusa, Lukka and Seha River Land. In Zangger's view, if these petty kingdoms had stood united, they would have matched the economic and military importance of Mycenaean Greece or Minoan Crete.

In a review of the books The Flood from Heaven and Ein neuer Kampf um Troia in the Journal of Field Archeology, the US prehistorian Daniel Pullen of Florida State University emphasized Zangger's approach. Zangger, Pullen says, “applies the rigors of scientific methodology to explaining the end of the Bronze Age in the eastern Mediterranean.”

In his third book, Zangger turned to developments in the 12th century BC after the Trojan War. According to Zangger, scattered groups of survivors of the Sea People invasions and the Trojan War founded new settlements in Italy and Syria/Palestine from which the Etruscan and Phoenician cultures emerged. Zangger also argued against the overrating of natural disasters as a trigger for cultural change. In his opinion, natural scientists and specialists in urban development and hydraulic engineering should become more often involved in archaeology.

In collaboration with the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources in Hannover, Zangger proposed a geophysical exploration of the plain of Troy to locate settlement layers and artificial port basins. The Turkish Ministry of Culture did not grant permission to conduct this project. In 2001 Zangger said that because of a vigorous scholarly dispute with the Troy excavator Manfred Korfmann, Zangger was ceasing his research.

In the fall of 1999, Zangger became a business consultant specializing in corporate communications and public relations. In 2002 he founded science communication GmbH, a consultancy firm for corporate communications.

Luwian Studies Foundation
Since April 2014, Zangger has been president of the board of trustees of the international non-profit foundation Luwian Studies. The commercial register of Canton Zurich (Switzerland) states as the foundation's purpose “the exploration of the second millennium BC in western Asia Minor and the dissemination of knowledge about it”. The Board of Trustees includes Ivo Hajnal, Jorrit Kelder, Matthias Oertle and Jeffrey Spier.

In May 2016, Luwian Studies went public with a website in German, English and Turkish. At the same time Zangger's book appeared: The Luwian Civilization – The missing link in the Aegean Bronze Age. As part of its research, the foundation has systematically catalogued over 340 extensive settlement sites of the Middle and Late Bronze Age in Western Asia Minor. These sites are presented in a public database on the website.

James Mellaart’s Estate
In June 2017, Zangger received unpublished documents from the estate of the British prehistorian James Mellaart, which the latter had marked to be of particular importance. The material in Mellaart's estate referred to two groups of documents, both of which were allegedly found in 1878 in a village called Beyköy, 34 kilometers north of Afyonkarahisar in western Turkey. On the one hand there was a Luwian hieroglyphic inscription (“HL Beyköy 2”) on limestone which must have been composed around 1180 BC. Mellaart, however, only possessed a drawing of this inscription. According to Mellaart's notes, in addition to this, bronze tablets bearing Hittite texts in Akkadian cuneiform were also found at Beyköy (“Beyköy text”). These described the political events during almost the entire Bronze Age from the perspective of rulers in western Asia Minor. Mellaart only possessed English translations of these documents.

In December 2017, Zangger and the Dutch linguist Fred Woudhuizen published in the Dutch archeology journal Talanta the Luwian hieroglyphic drawings (including texts from Edremit, Yazılıtaş, Dağardı and Şahankaya) that were retrieved from Mellaart's estate. However, early in 2018 Zangger distanced himself from Mellaart and accused him of having falsified documents. Further research in Mellaart's former study in London in February 2018 had revealed that Mellaart had completely invented the (allegedly cuneiform) “Beyköy text”. On the other hand, Woudhuizen, who published together with Zangger, continues to believe that the Luwian hieroglyphic inscription HL Beyköy 2 is certainly not forged by Mellaart and probably genuine.

Yazılıkaya
In June 2019 Zangger together with the archeologist and astronomer Rita Gautschy of the University of Basel, published a new interpretation of the Hittite rock sanctuary Yazılıkaya at Ḫattuša, according to which the sequence of rock reliefs in chamber A could have been used as a lunisolar calendar.

Selected publications

 * The Landscape Evolution of the Argive Plain (Greece). Paleo-Ecology, Holocene Depositional History and Coastline Changes. PhD dissertation at Stanford University, University Microfilm International, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1988
 * Prehistoric Coastal Environments in Greece: The Vanished Landscapes of Dimini Bay and Lake Lerna. Journal of Field Archaeology 18 (1): 1-15. 1991
 * Geoarchaeology of the Argolid. Argolid, volume 2. Edited by the German Archaeological Institute. Gebrüder Mann Verlag, 149 pages, 1993 ISBN 3-7861-1700-4
 * The Island of Asine: A paleogeographic reconstruction. Opuscula Atheniensa XX.15: 221-239. 1994
 * Zangger, Eberhard; Michael Timpson, Sergei Yazvenko, Falko Kuhnke & Jost Knauss: The Pylos Regional Archaeological Project; Landscape Evolution and Site Preservation, Hesperia 66 (4): 549-641. 1997
 * Athanassas, Constantin et al.: Exploring Paelogreographic Conditions at Two Paleolithic Sites in Navarino, Southwest Greece, Dated by Optically Stimulated Luminescence. Geoarchaeology 27: 237-258. 2012
 * Plato’s Atlantis Account: A distorted recollection of the Trojan War. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 18 (1): 77-87. 1993
 * The Flood from Heaven – Deciphering the Atlantis Legend. Sidgwick & Jackson, London; 256 pages 1992 ISBN 0-283-06084 0
 * Ein neuer Kampf um Troia – Archäologie in der Krise. Droemer Verlag. Munich, 352 pages 1994 ISBN 3-426-26682-2
 * The Future of the Past: Archaeology in the 21st Century. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2001 ISBN 0-297-64389-4
 * Zangger, Eberhard, Michael Timpson, Sergei Yazvenko and Horst Leiermann: Searching for the Ports of Troy. In: Environmental Reconstruction in Mediterranean Landscape, ISBN 978-1-900188-63-0
 * Some Open Questions About the Plain of Troia. In: Troia and the Troad – Scientific Approaches. Springer, Berlin, 317-324. 2003 ISBN 3-540-43711-8

title: Eberhard Zangger


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Cookbook:Cuisine of France

| European cuisines

French cuisine is characterised by its extreme diversity. Despite France's history of political and cultural centralization around its capital Paris, each region has its own distinctive specialities: cuisine from North-West France uses butter and cream; Provençal cuisine (from the southeast) favours olive oil and herbs; and eastern French recipes are reminiscent of German cuisine, including sausages, beer and sauerkraut. Wine and cheese are an integral part of French cuisine, both as ingredients and accompaniments.

Related Categories
The following related category may be of interest.

L

Louisiana_Creole_cuisine

French cuisine today
French cuisine can broadly be divided into three categories:

 * Cuisine bourgeoise, which includes all the classic French dishes which are not (or no longer) specifically regional, and which have been adapted over the years to suit the taste of the affluent classes. At the 'top end' of this category is what is known as haute cuisine, a highly complex and refined approach to food preparation and kitchen management which developed from court cuisine.

 * Cuisine du terroir, which covers regional specialties with a strong focus on quality local produce and peasant tradition.

 * Cuisine nouvelle or "nouvelle cuisine", which developed in the 1970s as a reaction to traditional cuisine, under the influence of chefs such as Michel Guérard. This type of cooking is characterized by shorter cooking times, much lighter sauces and dressings, and smaller portions presented in a refined, decorative manner. Its modern, inventive approach sometimes includes techniques and combinations from abroad (especially Asia) and has had a profound influence on cooking styles all over the world.

As of 2004, there is a distinct focus on cuisine du terroir in France, with a return to traditional rustic cooking and the flavours of local farm produce. The fusion cuisine popular in the English-speaking world is not widespread in France, though some restaurants in the capital have a fusion theme, and many modern French chefs are influenced by a variety of international cooking styles.

Vegetarianism (végétarisme) is not widespread in France, and few restaurants cater for vegetarians. Veganism (végétalisme) is hardly known or represented at all.

For French people, cooking is an immensely important part of their culture and a way of life.

Famous French dishes

 * Frogs' Legs à la Parisienne (Cuisses de grenouilles)
 * Escargots à la Bourguignonne (Snails with Garlic Butter)
 * Coq au Vin
 * Baguettes
 * Cheeses
 * Foie Gras
 * Ratatouille
 * Pot-au-feu

Desserts

 * Crème Brûlée (often mistaken to be French, this dish actually originated in England or Spain)
 * Crêpes (a speciality of Brittany)
 * Chocolate Mousse (Mousse au chocolat)
 * Pastries
 * Mille-feuille

Alsace

 * Map (1.)

 * Choucroute (sauerkraut with sausages, salt pork and potatoes)
 * Flammekueche (or Tarte flambée, like pizza, but topped with crème fraîche, onions, and bacon)
 * Fleischnacka
 * Fricassée de poulet à l’Alsacienne
 * Matelote de poissons d'Alsace
 * Nouilles fraîches à l'Alsacienne

Alps

 * Map (22.)

 * Raclette (melted cheese served with potatoes, ham and often dried beef)
 * Fondue Savoyarde (fondue made with cheese and white wine into which cubes of bread are dipped)
 * Tartiflette (a Savoyard gratin with potatoes, Reblochon cheese, cream and pork)

Aquitaine

 * Map (2.)

Crème Brûlée

Auvergne

 * Map (3.)

 * Tripoux (tripe 'parcels' in a savoury sauce)
 * Truffade (potatoes sautéed with garlic and young "tomme" cheese)
 * Aligot (mashed potatoes blended with young "tomme" cheese)

Basque country

 * Map

 * See Basque cuisine

Brittany

 * Map (6.)

 * Crêpes
 * Kik ar Fars (boiled pork dinner with a kind of dumpling)
 * Kouign Amann (a form of shortbread made with a very large proportion of butter)

Burgundy

 * Map (5.)

 * Beurre à la bourguignonne  –   garlic and parsley butter for snails, broiled meats, fish, mussels, clams or oysters
 * Escargots à la bourguignonne    –    snails baked in their shells with parsley butter

Lorraine

 * Map (15.)

 * Quiche Lorraine
 * Bouchée à la reine    –     vol-au-vent pastry shells filled with a chicken, mushroom and cream sauce salpicon
 * Tourte à la Lorraine   –   an elaborate meat pie with a pâte brisée (pie dough) base and a puff pastry top which is baked. Ten minutes before the end of the baking period, a savoury egg-and-cream custard is poured through a hole in the pie crust and returned to the oven to set.

Provence

 * Map (21.)

PAPETON D’AUBERGINES - (Eggplant Mousse) - Why “papeton”, which means “pope” in the Provençal dialect? Here is the historical explanation: this recipe was, in fact, created in the fourteenth century by the French papal chef in Avignon. It was his response to the Italian pope’s criticism of the French cuisine. One of the surprising consequences of the holy “war” between the two popes is this spectacular vegetable dish: a delicate and unique way to serve eggplant - light and delicious. ("A Culinary Adventure in Provence" The Spirit and the Heart of the Cuisine of the Sun by Chef Philippe Gion. Amazon paperback edition 2016, Kindle Edition 2015)
 * Bouillabaisse (a stew of mixed Mediterranean fish)
 * Ratatouille
 * Pieds et Paquets (Lambs' feet and tripe 'parcels' in a savoury sauce)

Nîmes

 * Map (13.)

 * Brandade de morue de Nîmes - A dish of puréed salt cod, olive oil, milk or cream and garlic, served on toast as an appetizer or with potatoes as a main dish.

Normandy

 * Map: Lower Normandy (4.)
 * Upper Normandy (11.)

 * Tripes à la mode de Caen (tripe cooked in a highly seasoned sauce)
 * Teurgoule (cinnamon flavored rice pudding)

Southwest

 * Map (2, 13, 16.)

 * Cassoulet (a dish made with beans, sausages and preserved duck or goose)
 * Foie Gras (the liver of an overfed duck or goose)

See also:
 * Cuisine
 * Recipe Index

Additional French recipes

 * Potatoes Anna
 * Le Tourin
 * Roux
 * Béchamel sauce
 * Potage Parmentier

Livre de cuisine/Recettes de cuisine française Kookboek/Franse keuken

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cookbook:Cuisine of France


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sốt

Etymology
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as (modern SV:  ) and, phonetic  (modern SV: ).

Adjective

 * 1) steaming hot

Adverb

 * 1)  at all

Verb

 * 1) to have a fever; to have a temperature

title: sốt


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C Source Code/Basics

 * ../Find the area and circumference of a circle/
 * ../Area of a triangle/
 * ../Find the greatest number from three integers/
 * ../Find the median and mean/
 * ../Find minimum of three numbers using ternary (conditional) operator/
 * ../Roots of an equation/
 * ../Sum and reverse of two entered numbers/

title: C Source Code/Basics


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Talk:Good Old Days (Macklemore song)

Requested move 21 September 2017

The result of the move request was: moved to "Good Old Days (Macklemore song)" per consensus. — usernamekiran (talk)  17:56, 28 September 2017 (UTC)

Good Old Days → Good Old Days (song) – proper dab, Good old days already exists. Hayman30 (talk) 12:34, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * This is a contested technical request (permalink). Anthony Appleyard (talk) 05:47, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

 * What exactly are you suggesting? You have provided links to three different articles. "Good Old Days (song)" is currently a redirect to another article and isn't related to the article at "Good Old Days ". "Good old days" is another article which has a hatnote to the disambiguation page "The Good Old Days (disambiguation)." Emir of Wikipedia (talk) 12:58, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * "Good Old Days" currently holds the sole song article that bears the title "Good Old Days" and should go to "Good Old Days (song)", where I should've created the article. "Good old days" is an article that conflicts with "Good Old Days". There should probably be a hatnote on "Good Old Days (song)" after the move that links to "The Good Old Days (disambiguation)" for other songs that doesn't have an article. Hayman30 (talk) 13:07, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Good Old Days used to redirect to the Little Rascals theme song till this new promotional single was inserted into the redirect yesterday. This promotional single, if it passes WP:NSONG belongs at Good Old Days (Macklemore song) In ictu oculi (talk) 15:44, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Queried move request. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 05:47, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Move to Good Old Days (Macklemore song) the promotional single was only released 2 days ago, and hasn't usurped Good Old Days (Leroy Shield song) of 1930 as the more notable meaning. The baseline slot used to redirect to the article including 1930 song, it probably now needs to point at the dab page. Or just move The Good Old Days (disambiguation) on top of the Good Old Days baseline. In ictu oculi (talk) 11:15, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Release dates have nothing to do with notability as far as I'm aware. This Macklemore song is apparently far more notable than the Leroy Shield one, which you created for the sake of getting this page moved to your desired namespace. This has been the subject of multiple reliable sources, hence is notable per WP:NSONG. Please elaborate on how this song might be unnotable. Hayman30 (talk) 12:20, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Please see WP:RECENT. When a newly released promotional single is inserted into where a longstanding redirect has been going then for sure it will show a peak in page views. But WP:RECENT is designed to prevent those kind of situations. When creating a song or album article it is always better to start with the complete name and then go via RM to request it moves in front of longer-standing articles and redirects. This song has yet to chart. In ictu oculi (talk) 15:36, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Move to Good Old Days (Macklemore song). Good Old Days (song) should redirect to Good Old Days, which should become the disambiguation page instead of The Good Old Days (disambiguation), which should turn into a redirect. — Za  wl  15:19, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * What might be the reason? This is not a vote. Hayman30 (talk) 09:47, 22 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I don't see why (Macklemore song) should become (song) when there are other songs with the same title such as (Leroy Shield song). (song) should be redirected to The Good Old Days (disambiguation) because the latter is the only disambiguation page for the title with various similar spelling forms. — Za  wl  10:02, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

 * @Zawl: Support per your argument. JE98 (talk) 16:34, 22 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Move to Good Old Days (Macklemore song), and tidy up DABs and redirects as proposed by IIO above. Andrewa (talk) 21:39, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Good Old Days (Macklemore song)


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вѣровати

Verb

 * 1) believe
 * 2) * from Liturgical Service of Saint Naum, 3rd Verse in the 4th Tone:
 * "cu"

- и паче панонъ нераꙁꙋмѣишаѧ, каменїамъ и древїамъ вѣрꙋюще

Descendants

 * Roman: ,
 * Roman: ,
 * Roman: ,
 * Roman: ,

title: вѣровати