text:
User:Colinjegan/sandbox

= Writing Wikipedia Articles on Warfare = This is a set of instructions for writing Wikipedia articles on Warfare. To come up with these guidelines, two featured articles on warfare were studied, Divisional Cavalry Regiment and the Iranian Embassy Siege. One good article was also studied, Operation PBFORTUNE. Commonalities between all of these high quality articles were used to create the guidelines below. They span several facets of writing including the use of sources, article structure, neutrality, and context. They are a good framework for writers to ensure that their work is of high quality.

Organization
Articles on Warfare should generally be organized in the following manner

Lead:
The lead should give a broad and general summary of the military engagement, its cause, and general effects. A main priority here is to make it interesting so that readers are compelled to read the rest of the article. Simultaneously the author should strive to be informative, and facilitate the highest degree of understanding possible for the majority of readers who will only read the lead before leaving the page. It should also include a relevant and interesting picture, and an infobox. These will make the article much more likely to be read and also make it more informative and interesting, which are core goals of Wikipedia articles. The Divisional Cavalry regiment article is demonstrative of a very effective lead that includes an informative picture and an infobox. This page of guidelines on leads that Wikipedia published is quite helpful in forming a high quality lead section.

Cause and Context
The body should begin with a section that discusses the causes for the engagement or for the formation of the unit. It should also, however not in excessive detail, display a broader, larger context for the event and its causes. For example, Operation PBFORTUNE explains in detail its causes and context, which is extremely important in understanding the effects and significants, and the military conflict itself. The Divisional Cavalry Regiment article displays this style of creating context as well, but the Iranian Embassy Siege article is different. It creates context by introducing the relevant groups, the Special Air Service and the terrorists. It then begins the narrative without much other talk of context.

Military Engagements
The bulk of the article should be centered around the actual conflict, because it is an article on warfare. Focus must be collapsed here to exclusively the actual event of the subject. From here, it must be dissected and covered in thorough detail. The goal is for the reader to gain thorough knowledge and understanding of the actual event of warfare. The Iranian embassy siege demonstrates this deep level of detail well, covering the hostage situation by individual day. The other two are similar, but do not cover their events to quite the same degree of painstaking detail.

Effects and Significance
A section at the end should discuss the effects that the military engagement had, especially in relation to its broader context. This is important as to demonstrate significance, which is important in creating notability. The article on the Iranian Embassy siege demonstrates a very effective conclusion that efficiently covers the effects and significance of the battle. In a few brief paragraphs, the conclusion describes and explains a variety of effects from the siege. These include strained relations between Great Britain and Iran, and increased notoriety for the Special Air Service. This is the military unit that carried out the raid. The article on Operation PBFORTUNE is quite similar in this aspect.

Sources:
Sources should be ideally, serious academic books published by reputable publishers. These generally come from universities or publishing companies specializing in historic books, specifically on warfare or war history. Other great sources include official government documents or publications, or information from a news agency. Use those that are highly reputable, such as BBC, a news source used in the article on the Iranian Embassy seige. All 3 examined articles draw most if not all of their information from these high quality sources. This rules all apply to pictures as well, which should be from this same pool of reputable and accurate sources. As always, general Wikipedia guidelines apply so when selecting sources the writer must be careful to conform to the criteria in Identifying Reliable Sources

Neutrality:
it is important that the writing does not include any opinion, which in this case means the arguing of a certain meaning, cause, or implication of the event which is not substantiated by fact. This is especially important in articles on warfare because war itself tends to have highly controversial aspects, such as justifications for conflict, winners and losers, ideological backings/causes, and meaning. This careful balancing act of achieving neutrality is exemplified well in the article on Operation PBFORTUNE, an article about a plan by the United States to overthrow the government of Guatemala. This article carefully navigates highly controversial subject matter to present the content manner in a neutral matter. The article presents facts not arguments, which was highly difficult when conveying the reasons/rationale for the plan.

Word Count
Generally the word count for articles on Warfare should be around 5,000-6,000 words; this is well exemplified by the Iranian Embassy seige and the Divisional Cavalry regiment. If the topic is something which did not happen, or was simpler or less significant, the word count can be lower. The word count can also be lower if the military action was never carried out, but just a plan. In this case an appropriate word count would be around 2,000-3,000 words, like Operation PBFORTUNE.

Creating Context
The article must explain the causes and preceding events to the military action, as exclusively focusing on the conflict itself is quite narrow and severely reduces the notability of the article. If the article is about a military unit, then this section of context creation should be about the formation of the unit and the need it fulfilled/the purpose for its creation. The article on Operation PBFORTUNE demonstrates how to create context, as it explains why this plan was created by the United States to overthrow the Guatemalan government. This article establishes context in a way which is simultaneously brief, effective, and clearly understood.

Focus and Broadness
Covering the context and causality in a broad manner increases the notability of the article by illustrating its significance and also makes the article more interesting, because it displays to the reader the importance of the topic. However, to facilitate a deep understanding of the topic, it must be covered in a very focused and detailed manner. This combination of focus and broadness keeps the article interesting yet informative. The Iranian Embassy siege article best demonstrates this. It broadly and briefly explains why the terrorists created the hostage situation (In the Motives section), which was: "The suppression of the Arab Sovereignty Movement". Following this, it goes into deep detail of the hostage situation, covering it day by day, until covering the raid.

Clarity
Ideal articles are written in a very clear and understandable way, and are written in align with the Wikipedia manual of style, which generally means that the style of writing conveys the information in a clear and neutral way. The article on the Divisional Cavalry Regiment demonstrates exceptional clarity and ease of understanding in its introduction, where a broad description and history of the unit is given in a manner which is very informative and easy to understand.

Infobox
An infobox should be included by the lead to facilitate the reader's broad and rough understanding of the event. This has a twofold purpose. Firstly, those readers who are just glancing at the article, only reading the lead, they will be able to have a general understanding of the event, which makes the lead quite effective in imparting information. Secondly, for those readers who are taking time to read the entire article, first acquiring knowledge of the broad strokes of the event will help them create a mental framework for it. This will allow them be able to easy assimilate all the finer details of the article into this rough understanding. So the effect of the infobox is that it helps them to very effectively understand and conceptualize the topic of the article. Again, the article on the Iranian Embassy siege has an example of an effective yet brief infobox giving some broad and general facts that help one to create a mental framework for the event, so that they can process and assimilate all the finer facts and details. Further information on inboxes can be found on this page.

Pictures
Pictures should be included with the main sections and especially with the lead. Including a picture with the lead is very important because it makes the article much more appealing and therefore more likely to be read. Pictures are very important throughout the body of the article as they are a great oppritunity to facilitate a deeper understanding of the covered events. This is especially important in articles on warfare, due to how the subject matter is quite concrete, meaning not at all abstract. Due to this, pictures are quite helpful in creating understanding. The article of the Divisional Cavalry Regiment makes great use of pictures. Several pictures of the unit and its equipment in action are includes, along with several maps that illustrate their military adventures. These pictures accompany the text throughout the body of the article and increase understanding while making the article more entertaining and fascinating to read. There should generally be at least one picture with each heading under the table of contents, and the lead. The Divisional Cavalry Regiment article demonstrates this as well, including pictures with the lead and all headings of the body, except 2 that were shorter and relatively insignificant. As long as the pictures are interesting and informative, they usually have a positive impact on the article.

Revised version:

- added links to relevant articles published by wikipedia on how to write

- compared and contrasted the articles using the concepts covered in this article

- Improved the lead

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Colin’s sources

Duthie, A.G., et al. “The Distribution and Status of the Riverine Rabbit, Bunolagus Monticularis, South Africa.” Biological Conservation, Elsevier, 24 June 2003, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0006320789900645. “Riverine Rabbit - Bunolagus Monticularis - Overview.” Encyclopedia of Life, Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, www.eol.org/pages/311977/overview. “Riverine Rabbit, Bushman Rabbit, Bushman Hare.” Bunolagus Monticularis : WAZA : World         Association of Zoos and Aquariums, WAZA, www.waza.org/en/zoo/visit-the-zoo/rodents-and-hares/bunolagus-monticularis. Collins, Kai, and Johan T. Toit. “Population Status and Distribution Modelling of the Critically Endangered Riverine Rabbit (Bunolagus Monticularis).” African Journal of Ecology, Wiley Online Library, 11 Mar. 2016, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aje.12285/full. “Animal Info - Riverine Rabbit.” Animal Info/ Endangered Animals, www.animalinfo.org/species/bunomont.htm. Valerie’s sources
 * Around 66% of its habitat has been destroyed because of industrial exploitation of the land there
 * “It is estimated that the remaining habitat could probably support 1435 rabbits”
 * This academic article explains the current condition of the habitats of the riverine rabbit. It will be useful in describing the animal’s habitat, and also explaining its status as an extremely endangered animal.
 * Doesn’t birth rapidly like other rabbits. Only produces 1 rabbit every year
 * Males ensure that every female is mated with
 * Spends nights feeding on vegetation, and during the day it hides from dangerous carnivorous animals
 * “ It has very long ears, a soft and silky coat and a uniformly brown, woolly tail. A distinctive black stripe runs from the corner of the mouth over the cheeks (2), and it has white rings around the eyes (3). The belly and throat are cream in colour and the short limbs have particularly thick fur (2).”
 * This source gives à general overview of the rabbit: its appearance, behavior, reproduction, etc. It will be useful for many sections, specifically those on classification, ecology, and behavior.
 * Requires à highly specialized environment to survive
 * 90% of diet is karoo shrub and the rest is grass
 * It is à solitary nocturnal animal
 * This source also describes general info on classification, appearance, and behavior. So it will be able to contribute to all of those sections as well.
 * “Extent of occurrence for the species is 54,227 km2, and area of occupancy is 2943 km2. Estimates of 157–207 mature individuals confirm an alarmingly small species population size, and it appears that no subpopulation has >50 mature individuals. “
 * This source also delves deeper into the status of the rabbit’s habitation, the settings that could actually support its life. For this reason, it will be highly useful in contributing to the sections on endangerment and ecology.
 * Weighs around 4 pounds
 * One of the worlds rarest animals
 * “Distinguishing marks include a distinctive white ring around each eye and a black stripe running from the corner of its mouth over its cheek”
 * Industrial activity is destorying the specialized habitat that it is highly reliant on
 * This is another general source that will contribute to several sections, including ecology, classification, and behavior. In addition, it contains à valuable works cited that could be used for further research

“EDGE :: Mammal Species Information.” EDGE of Existence, www.edgeofexistence.org/mammals/species_info.php?id=3.

http://www.edgeofexistence.org/mammals/species_info.php?id=3 “Riverine Rabbit.” Accommodation South Africa - SA-Venues.com, www.sa-venues.com/wildlife/wildlife_riverine_rabbit.htm.
 * the rabbit lives in one of the few areas of the Karoo Desert suitable for conversion to    agriculture
 * Less than 250 individuals survive
 * This article explains the habitats and ecology of the riverine rabbit.

https://www.sa-venues.com/wildlife/wildlife_riverine_rabbit.htm Wyk, Cronje van, et al. “Riverine Rabbit - Characteristics, Habitat & Breeding - Critically Endangered Species.” Its Nature Offers You Interesting Information and Facts on the Natural World, www.itsnature.org/endangered/riverine-rabbit/.
 * The riverine rabbit feed on the leaves and flowers of the wild vegetation in its habits
 * It has a gestation period of around 35 days
 * Unlike other rabbits, the beautiful riverine rabbits has a particular slow breeding rate, with only one or two babies being born to a female throughout the course of the entire year
 * It has a lifespan in the wild for only three, occasionally four year
 * Build stable burrows to breed and live
 * The female weighs slightly more than male
 * This articles gives the overview of the rabbit like its weights, diet, socialisation, distribution and so on.

https://www.itsnature.org/endangered/riverine-rabbit/ Awaad, Rania. “Bunolagus Monticularis (Riverine Rabbit).” Animal Diversity Web, animaldiversity.org/accounts/Bunolagus_monticularis/.
 * It depends on burrows for protection from predators the soil of their habits has to be perfect (the foliage found in Karoo Desert is excellent for them)
 * This article also gives the general overview of the rabbit like appearance, reproduction.

http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Bunolagus_monticularis/ “Riverine Rabbit, Bushman Rabbit, Bushman Hare.” Bunolagus Monticularis : WAZA : World         Association of Zoos and Aquariums, WAZA,
 * It provide many benefits for farmers
 * Squeals loudly when captured
 * This article talks about the rabbit’s economic importance for humans and conservation status.

http://www.waza.org/en/zoo/visit-the-zoo/rodents-and-hares/bunolagus-monticularis Bunolagus Monticularis  (Riverine Rabbit), www.biodiversityexplorer.org/mammals/lagomorpha/bunolagus_monticularis.htm.
 * It is a solitary, nocturnal animals that rests during the heat of the day in shallow depression scraped out under shrubs
 * This sources gives us the general informations about the rabbit like its appearance, diet, etc.

http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/mammals/lagomorpha/bunolagus_monticularis.htm Delaney’s Sources
 * Has more specific reasons why riverine rabbit is most endangered mammals
 * This article talks about it’s behavior, history, and multiple threatening reasons.

Robinson, T. J. “Karyology of the Riverine Rabbit, Bunolagus Monticularis and Its Taxonomic Implications .” American Society of Mammalogists , JSTOR, Nov. 1983, www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1380524.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Aaed98e0ee39a739cf42cf2b353a9b56c.

This is a PDF of the book “Karyology of the Riverine Rabbit.” It discusses the controversy over the taxonomic status of the bunolagus monticularis. Though this rabbit was originally known as lepus monticularis, its thick legs and uniformly colored tails created a variance of this rabbit. This then caused many to create a new name for this variance (bunolagus monticularis). This source also discusses the karyotypic analysis which was performed on eleven different species of lepus, which revealed that all of them have similar chromosomes. The overall goal of these analysis and the goal of this source is to discover if the “karyotypic affinities of bunolagus monticularis lay with representatives of lepus monticularis” and to identify the taxonomic status of the riverine rabbit. This source contributes to the riverine rabbit’s taxonomy and identification.

South African Mammal CAMP Workshop. 2013.  Bunolagus monticularis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T3326A43710964. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T3326A43710964.en. Downloaded on 25 October 2017.

This source does a good job at giving an overview of the riverine rabbit and hits on important topics and characteristics revolving around this mammal. It discusses the taxonomy such as the kingdom, class, order, family, and scientific name. It goes in detail of the rabbit’s habits and ecology and threats. It hits upon the riverine rabbits population which is currently decreasing. Finally, it goes into detail on the conservation plan for the bunolagus monticularis. Unfortunately it is listed as an endangered species in the 1986 South African National Red Data Book. This source helps to go deeper into the taxonomy of this rabbit and also hits upon the endangerment of this species.

Starzak Kelly continent-hopped her way to Africa from Poland thanks to parents who were searching for bigger skies. Now that she's all grown up, she tries to keep her head above rising sea levels as Eart, Kelly. “In South Africa, Rare Riverine Rabbits Are Ready for Their Closeup.” Earth Touch News Network, Earth Touch, 23 Feb. 2015, www.earthtouchnews.com/conservation/endangered/in-south-africa-rare-riverine-rabbits-are-ready-for-their-closeup/.

This source is an article in 2014 that discusses the riverine rabbit and describes how it has become one of the rarest animals in South Africa. Due to it being endangered they have created a conservation plan to keep them safe. This article also has images to give the reader a better perspective on what went down in South Africa. Though they are trying their best the conservation groups are having trouble financially. They need technology to help them with these nocturnal creatures. Overall the source just helps give a better understanding that riverine rabbits are endanger everywhere. This source helps to go into the conservation of this species and the struggles that have come along with it.

Platt, John R. “New Population of Critically Endangered Rabbits Found in (of All Places) a Nature Reserve.” Scientific American Blog Network, Scientific American, A Division of Nature America, 7 Jan. 2014, blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/new-population-of-critically-endangered-rabbits-found-in-of-all-places-a-nature-reserve/.

This source is a blog written in 2014 about the riverine rabbit in south Africa. They discuss how they caught one of the rabbits and tested the DNA discovering that it is a different species. The rabbit they caught was a small one which indicated that the species was breeding in the area. This source helps with identifying the habitat and also can contribute to its relationships with humans.

Table of Contents
Classification

- Identification

- Taxonomy

Ecology

- Habitat

- Predators and Competitors

- Diet

Behavior

- Reproduction

- Social Behaviors

Relationship with Humans

Population Problems

- Endangerment

- Conservation

In Film

References/External Links

Assignment Questions
448 words 5 currently
 * 1) How long is the article, currently? (word count, not including citations)
 * 1) What's included in the current table of contents?
 * Identification
 * Habit
 * Behaviour
 * Reproduction
 * In film
 * Reference
 * External Link
 * 1) How many sources are there now?

Individual Writing Tasks
Colin: Population Problems, Habitat

Valerie: Relationship with Humans, Behavior, ecology

Delaney: Classification, Ecoology

Draft
Draft

Lead Section

The riverine rabbit is the only rabbit in the classification Bunolagus for its specific traits that separate it from the other rabbits in the Lepus species. There is still controversy and a lot of debate between taxonomists over its classification. Many tests and karyotypic analysis has been performed on many rabbits from the Lepus species to compare the riverine rabbit to other rabbits that are classified as true hares. It is the most endangered mammal due to its habitat degradation and fragmentation. They live in dense vegetation near streams and rivers and rely on this land for not just shelter but also food. Their diet consists of mostly plants and a lot of the natural vegetation is being diminished causing a loss in food and trouble forming breeding burrows. The riverine rabbit also has an odd reproduction issue where the mother can only produce one offspring a year. This coincides with the endangerment issue, since they cannot reproduce as many offspring as other rabbits from the Lepus species. Along with their reproduction circumstances they also have odd behaviors. They are nocturnal creatures who venture out during the night and sleep during the day and they also have two different droppings depending on the time of the day. Overall, the riverine rabbit has many differences for other Leous species causing it to have its own classification and even though it is one of the most endangered mammals there are conservation plans being enacted to help with its population and habitats.

Classification

- Identification

The Riverine rabbit is a native to the Karoo desert in South Africa and is classes as critically endangered due to loss of habitat from farming and agriculture (6). The riverine rabbit has the general appearance of most rabbits, but the ears and body are longer. It typically has a black strip running from the corner of the mouth over the cheek, and a white ring around each eye (7). It has a brown wooly tail, cream or grayish-colored fur on its belly and throat., and a broad, club-like hind foot. Its tail is pale brown with a tinge of black toward the tip. Its coat is soft and silky and its limb are short and heavily furred. Male riverine rabbit weigh approximately 1.5 kilogram while females weigh about 1.8 kilograms(9).

- Taxonomy

The taxonomic status of the Riverine Rabbit has been a very controversial topic in the scientific world. This rabbit has specific qualities that are different from other Lepus species, this resulted in the taxon generic separation. Though, this rabbit still has some external characteristics and cranial conformation has caused the controversy between taxonomists. Eleven different Lepus species had a karyotypic analysis performed on them and from this tests it was learned that all hares have basically a similar G-banded karyotype. This study was done to establish whether the “karyotypic affinities of B. Monticularis lay with representatives of the genus Lepus “or if the evidence found gives reason for this species to be in a genus distinct from that of true hares (12).

The riverine rabbit scientific name is Bunolagus monticularis and it is in the Animalia kingdom and its taxonomic rank is species (16). The phylum it is in is Chordata, its class is Mammalia, its order is Lagomorpha, and its family is Leporidae. Besides the rabbits scientific classification its common names are the bushman hare and the bushman rabbit (13). The riverine rabbit also has less common names such as boshaas and vleihaas and these names arose from the habitats they lived in which were moist and dense. Their broad hind paws which are furred underfoot were referred to as doekvoetjie (11).

Ecology

- Habitat

The riverine rabbit lives in very dense growth along the seasonal rivers in the central semi-arid Karoo region of South Africa. Its habitat regions are tropical and terrestrial while its terrestrial biomes are desert or dune and scrub forest (9). Two of the most common plants in its habitat are Salsola glabrescens (11·8%) and Lycium spp. (8·5%) (13).

They appear and live specifically in riverine vegetation on alluvial soils adjacent to seasonal rivers. Though studies have found this habitat to be sixty-seven percent fragmented in certain areas. Currently the habitat is decreasing in size due to this species being classified as endangered. The primary reason for the decline in habitats is due to cultivation and livestock farming. Major threats to this species comes from loss and degradation of habitat. Over the last hundred years, over two-thirds of their habitat has been lost. Today only two hundred and fifty mature riverine rabbits are estimated to be living in the wild. Removal of the natural vegetation along the rivers and streams prevent the rabbits from being able to construct a stable breeding burrows. This is caused by the loss of the soft alluvial top soils and from feeding and escaping predation. Another cause of damage and loss to their habitats comes from overgrazing of domestic herbivores and also causes degradation and fragmentation to the land. If they have nowhere to live they have a lower rate of survival (13).

“It is estimated that the remaining habitat could probably support 1435 rabbits” (1). This is not a lot and displays how the decreasing habitats has made it so not as many rabbits can survive in one area, which has then caused a decrease in population.

- Predators and Competitors

Riverine rabbit is prey by Falconiformes and black eagles. Riverine rabbit is capable of jumping over one meter high bushes when being pursued by a predator. To escape predation, it remains nocturnal, spending the day resting in a form, a shallow scrape made in the soil, under a Karoo bush (11).

- Diet

The riverine rabbit is predominantly known for being a “browser”. They eat riparian vegetation found along seasonal rivers in the Karoo Desert. This includes salt-loving plants such as the salsola and lycium. They sometimes eat grass depending on if it is the wet season or not. Besides all the normal foods they eat they will also intake their day-time droppings which are soft and come directly from the anus. They do this because their feces contains vitamin produced by the bacteria in the hindgut and also contains minerals such as calcium and phosphorous (9).

Behavior

Riverine rabbits are solitary and nocturnal, feeding at night and resting during the day in shallow depressions (forms) that are scraped out under Karoo shrubs. Two types of droppings are produced. While active during the night, the rabbit will produce hard droppings, and during the day droppings are soft, taken directly from the tail, and swallowed. In the way, the riverine rabbit obtains vitamin B, produced by bacteria in the hindgut, and minerals such as calcium and phosphorus are recycled (6).

They are polygamous, while they live and browse for food as solo creatures. They have intrasexually exclusive home ranges; the males’ home ranges overlap a little with those of the various females. Between August and May, females will make a nest in a burrow lined with grass and fur, and blocked with soil and twigs. This nest is 10-15 cm in diameter, 25 cm long (8).

- Reproduction

Riverine rabbit is one of the rarest mammals in the world and very little is known about its reproductive behavior other than it has a polygamous mating system, where males mate with more than one female. Like other rabbits, it bears its young underground for protection. This because the single offspring that the rabbit produces is born altricial, or bald, blind, and helpless, and weigh only from 40 to 50 grams (10). However, the Riverine rabbit is the only African rabbit that bears its young underground. The helpless offspring with stay with the mother until it is capable of living on its own and fend for itself. The low breeding rate of only one offspring per year is not like most other rabbits and coincides with the issues of repopulating this endangered species (11). Unlike other rabbits, the beautiful Riverine rabbit has a particularly slow breeding rate, with only one or two babies being born to a female throughout the course of an entire year. These rabbits will mate with a number of individuals, and are the only known rabbit species to make nests for the baby. Very rarely, two kits maybe born at once (7).

- Social Behaviors

Relationship with Humans

The first time that the species encountered humans was in 1901, by à soldier in the British Army. Oldenfield Thomas, à senior employee at the British Museum of Natural History identified à rabbit carcass as being à new species. In 1978, during an observational study of the area, rabbits were identified near the region called “Victoria West” in South Africa. Genetically, its closest relations are to the Japanese Amami Rabbit, the Indian Hispid Hare, and Oryctolagus Cuniculus, à common rabbit in Europe (11).

The riverine rabbit provides many benefits for farmers. The riverine vegetation that the rabbit feeds on, causing this vegetation to generate, binds the soil and prevents it from being washed away in floods. Also, this vegetation promotes filtration of rainwater to groundwater, which is a benefit for the farmer who uses windmills to draw up water for his livestock. Indirectly, the habitat of riverine rabbit helps humans in farming and can only be sustained if this rabbit continues to feed on this vegetation (9).

Population Problems

- Endangerment

Extent

The Riverine Rabbit is à species that is in extreme danger of extinction. In 1981 it was first labeled as an endangered species (11). It is classified under the most severe category of endangerment (aside from extinction), which is critically endangered, according to the IUCN redlist. This label was given to it in 2002 (11). It has à population of only about 500 mature rabbits (13) and 1500 overall (11) which both continue to decline.In addition, the IUCN red list predicts increased population reduction, in the immediate future. Their exact prediction is for one tenth of the population to be lost between 2002 and 2022. Another problem that this species faces in terms of population is how their already immensely small population is divided into several isolated groups, about 10 in total, all with less than 50 rabbits in total. (13)

Causes

The decline in the population is largely due to the destruction of its habitat, as over half of it has been rendered unable to support the rabbit since 1970. The reason for this is largely due to the use of land for agriculture, causing the unique needed environment of the riverine rabbit to be destroyed. The range of habitable area continues to decline, and it is predicted that over the next 100 years that another fifth of habitable area will be lost. The reason for this ongoing destruction of the rabbit’s habitat is the practice of raising animals for commercial reasons in the area, causing the environment to be transformed to serve this end. Another ongoing threat to the rabbit is how the isolated groups are divided up because fields in the area often have fencing which is impermeable to this species, designed to keep out jackals. (13). An additional threat to the species is found in how the remaining land left that supports it is being damaged by climate change. Other sources for population reduction are found in how the rabbit is hunted for entertainment, food, and collection, and also in how the rabbit has often fallen into traps set on farms, for the purpose of capturing other bothersome animals (14). Soil erosion in the area of habitation is ànother factor in destroying the animal. Animals feeding on local vegetation intensely decimates the already narrow scope of food for the rabbit. The practice of extracting materials from trees and destroying local vegetation destroys areas that the rabbits conventionally use to escape the heat, and also hide from animals which seek to eat or harm them. Finally, structures on rivers like dams isolate subpopulations from each other, discouraging faster population regeneration (11).

- Conservation

Relatively speaking to other similar species, there is little information known about key aspects of the riverine rabbit, such as behavior and diet, so one of the most meaningful conservation efforts underway is researching this species, seeking to find this critical information that will lead to more effective conservation measures  (11).The current plan to protect the remaining members of the population has been criticized, with experts claiming that à large part of the remaining land that can support the rabbit is outside the current area being preserved for it (1). Other efforts include engaging and educating local farmers so that they act in à way that reduces harm to the species (11). Also, efforts have been carried out to get landowners of the area of the habitat to agree to certain measures that help the rabbit population (11). One of the most prominent conservation efforts has been to engage in intensely thorough monitoring of rabbit populations, à task made more difficult by the emergence of à new population in 2014 (14). One of the most important and meaningful conservation efforts has been made by The Endangered Wildlife Trust, which is the organization that has carried out this monitoring of the riverine rabbit species (14).

Recommended Conservation Actions

The IUCN recommends several further conservation measures, demonstrating that current actions are not adequate.They recommend capturing the animal as to safely allow it to reproduce without danger of predators or of not being able to find food. They also recommend different methods of managing the habitat and the population in the wild. Finally they recommend further efforts of informing the local populace as to how to protect the rabbit. The red list also notes that further research is needed into its ecology and into the conservation actions that would be most effective. (13)

In Film

References/External Links Category:Sources

title: User:Colinjegan/sandbox


text:
pentimal

Etymology
From, by analogy with.

Adjective

 * 1)  Using a base of 5; quinary.

Noun

 * 1)  The abstract numeral system underlying any pentimal numeral system; quinary.
 * 2)  A numeral as written in such a system; a quinary.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: pentimal


text:
Listed buildings in Pattingham and Patshull

Pattingham and Patshull is a civil parish in the district of South Staffordshire, Staffordshire, England. It contains 48 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, two are listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, six are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the villages of Pattingham and Burnhill Green and the surrounding area. A large part of the parish is occupied by Patshull Park, the estate of Patshull Hall. The hall is listed, together with associated structures and items in the park. The other listed buildings include houses and cottages, farmhouses and farm buildings, churches and associated structures, including memorials in the churchyard, a public house, a former eel trap, a windmill converted into a house, and a memorial hall.


text:
Ben Williams (triple jumper)

Benjamin Williams (born 25 January 1992) is a British male triple jumper, who won an individual gold medal at the 2009 World Youth Championships.

Career
At the end of 2012 Ben won a scholarship to the University of Louisville in January 2013.

As a result of a knee injury, he has missed out on the London 2012 Olympic Games, the Rio 2016 Olympics, and the 2018 Commonwealth Games.

His personal best jump is 17.14m. He achieved this at the European Athletics Team Championships in Bydgoszcz, Poland on 11 August 2019, securing qualification for the World Championships in Doha, in September 2019, and for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. His previous best was 16.74 metres, achieved in June 2015 in Eugene. He almost managed to equal that when jumping 16.73 metres at the 2017 European Team Championships Super League, finishing second.

title: Ben Williams (triple jumper)


text:
нъ

Etymology
From, from , from.

Conjunction

 * 1) but

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬.

Conjunction

 * 1) but

title: нъ


text:
File:Algorithms-Asymptotic-ExamplePlot1.png

Example plot 1 for asymptotic notation part of algorithms book. Made with Matematica by me, User:Gkhan (that should be no copyright problems right?)


text:
razumeti

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  to understand
 * 2)  to grasp
 * 3)  to go without saying

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1) to understand

title: razumeti


text:
Sindre

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Eitri or Sindri; the dwarf who, together with his brother Brokkr, made Gullinbursti, Draupnir and Mjolnir
 * 1)  Eitri or Sindri; the dwarf who, together with his brother Brokkr, made Gullinbursti, Draupnir and Mjolnir

Etymology
From, the name of a dwarf. Given name also from an Old Norse byname.

Proper noun

 * 1)   Eitri or Sindri; the dwarf who, together with his brother Brokkr, made Gullinbursti, Draupnir and Mjollnir

title: Sindre


text:
Xynenon bondi

Xynenon bondi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Xynenon. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1859 and named after the entomologist Frederick Bond.

title: Xynenon bondi


text:
User:Trackonrepeat

Primarily here to update the McPike Mansion page. Don't understand formatting very well so I'm afraid this will have to do.

title: User:Trackonrepeat


text:
Talk:The Call of the Wood

Fair use rationale for Image:25005-0-300-0-300-1-.jpg
Image:25005-0-300-0-300-1-.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot 14:42, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Call of the Wood


text:
Kadnikovo

Kadnikovo (Кадниково) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kadnikovsky Selsoviet, Mamontovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 801 as of 2013. There are 9 streets.

Geography
Kadnikovo is located 30 km northeast of Mamontovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bukanskoye is the nearest rural locality.

title: Kadnikovo


text:
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Future University

 __NOINDEX__

The result of the discussion was speedy keep - dab page points to three articles not one. Nominator accidentally added MFD tag to one of the articles instead. BencherliteTalk 15:28, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

Future University

Un-needed DAB page. Points to one entry and deleted articles. COI edited. Alexf(talk) 14:55, 9 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Template:Tnavbar-mini

[ v ]·[ d ]·[ e ]

Usage
Simply place   inside  a given template to add v · d · e navigational functionality to it.

Note to editors
This template is likely represented across hundreds of pages (if not thousands) ; please tread lightly when editing here.

title: Template:Tnavbar-mini


text:
Interior of the Nieuwe Kerk, Amsterdam

Interior of the Nieuwe Kerk, Amsterdam is a 1657 oil painting on canvas by Emanuel de Witte.

title: Interior of the Nieuwe Kerk, Amsterdam


text:
Josh Cumbee

Joshua Kissiah Cumbee is an American musician, multi-instrumentalist, singer, songwriter and record producer. He is best known for his artist collaborations with Armin van Buuren and as a songwriter for other artists. In 2015, he was nominated for an Album of the Year at the Latin Grammy Awards for the album "Creo En Mí", which he co-wrote for Natalia Jiménez.

Early life
After high school, in 2008, he enrolled in the music business program at University of Southern California in Los Angeles by personal invitation. He graduated in 2011.

Early career
Already being a student, Cumbee released songs on iTunes as an independent artist ("Find The Light", "I Do My Own Stunts", "The End", "How To Say This"). He was working on television as a composer, writing music for commercials, television shows ("The Bachelor", "Ready for Love", "America's Next Top Model", "Polyamory", "Southern Nights") and short movies.

Cumbee's first official appearance in credits for the song happened in 2012. He did strings programming on Kerli's song "Immortal" which was part of the soundtrack album "Frankenweenie Unleashed!".

Later, Cumbee was hired for the studio of Grammy winning songwriter Toby Gad where he was writing, producing, playing instruments, programming and engineering music for other artists. He worked for Janet Jackson, Take That, Madonna, Chris Brown, Adam Lambert, Heffron Drive, Kygo, Sean Paul, Galantis, Sabrina Carpenter, Lindsey Stirling, Anastacia, Sia and many others.

In 2015, Cumbee co-wrote 3 songs for Natalia Jiménez album "Creo En Mí" ("Creo En Mí", "Algo Brill En Mi " and "Tú No Me Quieres Más"). The album was nominated for Album of the Year at the 2015 Latin Grammy Awards but lost out to Juan Luis Guerra 4.40. Also in 2015, Sean Paul's album "Full Frequency" received a Grammy nomination as Reggae album of the year,  Josh was engineer on the track "Pornstar" from the album.

Work with Armin van Buuren
The single "Sunny Days" by Armin van Buuren featuring Cumbee was released on June 16, 2017 on Armada Music. It was written by Armin van Buuren, Benno de Goeij, Afshin Salmani, Josh Cumbee, Toby Gad and Gordon Groothedde. The music video was shot in Bevagna and Assisi, Italy. The single received double platinum status in the Netherlands. A special Christmas version of the song called "Christmas Days" was released on December 9, 2017.

On March 29, 2019 another collaboration with van Buuren "Don't Give Up On Me" was released. The song was made with Lucas & Steve.

Cumbee and van Buuren performed live in Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Vancouver and at Untold Festival in Romania.

2019 - 2020
In April 2019, Cumbee signed a contract with AVEX Group as recording artist.

The single "Lifetime" by Zonderling featuring Cumbee and Damon Sharpe was released on August 23, 2019 on Armada.

Collaboration with Fedde Le Grand "Dancing Shoes" was out on January 24, 2020, on Interstellar Label.

On February 14, 2020, Cumbee released his first solo single "Sound Of Your Name", with the music video filmed at Mount Myoko in Niigata, Japan by director Yudai Maruyama. The second single "Brave Enough" was released on March 13, 2020. The third single "Worth Missing" released on July 3, 2020. Its music video was filmed in Tokyo.

As solo artist

 * Sound Of Your Name (2020)
 * Brave Enough (2020)
 * Worth Missing (2020)

As featured artist

 * Armin van Buuren feat. Josh Cumbee - Sunny Days (2017)
 * Armin van Buuren feat. Josh Cumbee - Sunny Days (Club Mix) (2017)
 * Armin van Buuren feat. Josh Cumbee - Christmas Days (2017)
 * Armin van Buuren x Lucas & Steve feat. Josh Cumbee - Don't Give Up On Me (2019)
 * Armin van Buuren x Lucas & Steve feat. Josh Cumbee - Don't Give Up On Me (Club Mix/Trance Mix) (2019)
 * Zonderling feat. Josh Cumbee - Lifetime (2019)
 * Zonderling feat. Josh Cumbee - Lifetime (VIP & Acoustic) (2019)
 * Fedde Le Grand & Josh Cumbee - Dancing Shoes (2020)

As vocalist

 * AFSHeeN - Let Me Down Slow (2016)
 * AFSHeeN - Tunnel (2016)
 * Florian Picasso - Final Call (2016)
 * Lazy Rich - Knock Me Out (2016)
 * Florian Picasso - Guns Down (2017)
 * Florian Picasso & GRX - Restart Your Heart (2020)
 * Timmy Trumpet & Florian Picasso - Armageddon (2020)

Songwriting credits
2012

 * Kerli - "Immortal"

2013

 * Sean Paul feat. Nyla - "Pornstar"
 * Prince Royce & Selena Gomez - "Already Missing You"
 * Christina Grimmie - "Absolutely Final Goodbye"
 * Christina Grimmie - "The One I Crave"

2014

 * Hilary Duff - "Chasing The Sun"
 * Anastacia - Broken Wings
 * Sofia Reyes feat. Wisin - "Muevelo"
 * Kendall Schmidt - "Blame It On The Middletoe"
 * Heffron Drive - "Division of the Heart"
 * Heffron Drive - "Passing Time"
 * Heffron Drive - "Everything Has Changed"
 * Alex & Sierra - "Little Do You Know"
 * Nick Howard - "Dancing As One"
 * Nick Howard - "Can't Break a Broken Heart"
 * Nick Howard - "Million Dollars"

2015

 * Lena - "Lifeline"
 * Project 46 feat. Olivia - "Forgettable"
 * Chris Brown - "No Filter"
 * Take That - "Will You Be There For Me"
 * Madonna - "Joan of Arc"
 * Madonna - "Graffiti Heart"
 * Madonna feat. Chance The Rapper & Mike Tyson - "Iconic"
 * TVXQ! - "Rise As One"
 * Sia - "Alive" (AFSHeeN Remix)
 * Fergie - "L.A.LOVE (la la)" (AFSHeeN Remix)
 * Janet Jackson feat. J.Cole - "No Sleep" (AFSHeeN Remix)
 * Natalia Jiménez - "Creo En Mí"
 * Natalia Jiménez - "Tú No Me Quieres Más"
 * Natalia Jiménez - "Algo Brilla En Mí"
 * Lazy Rich feat. Trinidad Jame - "Hit That"

2016

 * Lindsey Stirling - "The Phoenix"
 * AFSHeeN - "Let Me Down Slow"
 * AFSHeeN - "Tunnel"
 * AFSHeeN - "Secrets"
 * Florian Picasso - "Final Call"
 * Florian Picasso feat. VASSY - "Cracked Wall"
 * Sabrina Carpenter - "All We Have Is Love"
 * Brooke Candy - "Paper Or Plastic"
 * Blasterjaxx & DBSTF feat. GO COMET! - "Hit Me"
 * Lazy Rich & Hot Mouth feat. GO COMET! - "Won't Stop"
 * Lazy Rich - "Give Me Crazy"
 * Lazy Rich - "Knock Me Out"

2017

 * Florian Picasso - "This Is Our Time"
 * AFSHeeN - "Amélie"
 * AFSHeeN feat. NISHA - "Pull Me From The Waves"
 * Armin van Buuren feat. Josh Cumbee - "Sunny Days"
 * Florian Picasso - "Guns Down"
 * Lindsey Stirling - "Dance Of The Sugar Plum Fairy"
 * Galantis feat. ROZES - "Girls On Boys"
 * Mat Kearney & AFSHeeN - "Better Than I Used To Be"
 * AFSHeeN feat. Rebecca Ferguson - "Uncrazy"
 * JP Cooper - "Masterpiece"
 * NCT 127 - "Sun & Moon"
 * Roy Wang - "Sleep"
 * Quinn XCII - "One Day At A Time"
 * Chris Lee (Yu Chun Li) - "Happy Ever After"
 * Armin van Buuren feat. Josh Cumbee - "Christmas Days"

2018

 * AFSHeeN feat. Rebecca Ferguson - "Creatures Of The Night"
 * Mat Kearney - "I Can't Wait for You to Get There"
 * Mat Kearney - "Keep On Loving You"
 * Joel Taylor - "Give Myself Away"
 * Ebi - "Nafas Nafas"
 * Benedict Cork - "Wildfire"
 * BoA - "Nega Dola"
 * NCT 2018 - "Black On Black"
 * YURI x Raiden - "Always Find You"
 * RYEOWOOK - "One and Only"
 * KUN - "Wait Wait Wait"

2019

 * Armin van Buuren x Lucas & Steve feat. Josh Cumbee - "Don't Give Up On Me"
 * Florian Picasso feat. Echosmith - "But Us"
 * Kerli - "Legends"
 * Flawes - "Don't Count Me Out"
 * Adam Lambert - "Feel Something"
 * KUN - "Bigger"
 * KUN - "没有意外" (No Exception)
 * TAEYEON - "Four Seasons"
 * Brennan Heart - "Outcasts"
 * Kygo and Rita Ora - "Carry On"
 * Kinsey - "Hot Mess"
 * Kinsey - "Don't Be a Dick, Ted"
 * Merk & Kremont - "KIDS"
 * Zonderling feat. Josh Cumbee - "Lifetime"
 * Quintino x AFSHeeN feat. Cher Lloyd - "Don't Lose Love"
 * Marina Kaye - "Twisted"
 * Karry Wang - "Ain't Got No Love"
 * Audrey - "30 Years"
 * Audrey - "Crazy"
 * Klingande - "Only Breath"
 * Olivia Rodrigo & Julia Lester - "Wondering" - From High School Musical: The Musical: The Series
 * Olivia Rodrigo - "Out of the Old" - From High School Musical: The Musical: The Series

2020
 * Josh Cumbee, Jordan Powers - "Wondering" - Instrumental
 * Josh Cumbee, Jordan Powers - "Out of the Old" - Instrumental
 * Fedde Le Grand & Josh Cumbee - "Dancing Shoes"
 * Flawes - "Take This Slow"
 * Milo Manheim & Meg Donnelly - "Gotta Find Where I Belong"
 * Josh Cumbee - "Sound Of Your Name"
 * Ghali - "Good Times"
 * Josh Cumbee - "Brave Enough"
 * ENDURE & Souzda Ammo - "Esa Min"
 * Florian Picasso ft. Gashi & Ally Brooke - "Like You Do"
 * Florian Picasso & GRX - "Restart Your Heart"
 * DIAMANTE - "Serves You Right"
 * NCT DREAM - "Puzzle Piece"
 * NU'EST - "Moon Dance"
 * Timmy Trumpet & Florian Picasso - "Armageddon"
 * Caroline Kole - "Still Frames"
 * Josh Cumbee - "Worth Missing"
 * Roy Wang - "Stop the Clocks"

2022
 * Girls' Generation - "Villain"

2023
 * Monsta X - "Beautiful Liar"
 * Got the Beat - "Alter Ego"

Music for films

 * Check Engine (2010)
 * Chance (2010)
 * Launch (2011)
 * Big Feet (2011)
 * Two Tickets to Paradise (2011)
 * Operation Terror (2012)
 * Spark (2014)

title: Josh Cumbee


text:
Talk:Dobroyd Point, New South Wales

Untitled
What the anon meant burnt down was the "Dobroyd Aquatic Club" building. However, it is technically in the suburb of Rodd Point, New South Wales, I think. I'll move their note there, and clarify it a bit. -- All the best, Nickj (t) 01:38, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Dobroyd Point, New South Wales. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121226084727/http://www.suburbguide.com.au/category/home/location/sydney-inner-west to http://www.suburbguide.com.au/category/home/location/sydney-inner-west

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:15, 14 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dobroyd Point, New South Wales


text:
USA-156

USA-156, also known as GPS IIR-7 and GPS SVN-54, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the seventh Block IIR GPS satellite to be launched, out of thirteen in the original configuration, and twenty one overall. It was built by Lockheed Martin, using the AS-4000 satellite bus.

USA-156 was launched at 07:55:01 UTC on 30 January 2001, atop a Delta II carrier rocket, flight number D283, flying in the 7925–9.5 configuration. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 17A at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and placed USA-156 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37FM apogee motor.

By 2 February 2001, USA-156 was in an orbit with a perigee of 20104 km, an apogee of 20266 km, a period of 718.08 minutes, and 55 degrees of inclination to the equator. It is used to broadcast the PRN 18 signal, and operates in slot 4 of plane E of the GPS constellation. The satellite has a mass of 2032 kg, and a design life of 10 years. The satellite was retired in 2018.

title: USA-156


text:
Smirnenkoye

Smirnenkoye (Смирненькое) is a rural locality (a selo) in Semyonovsky Selsoviet, Kulundinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 316 as of 2013. There are 3 streets.

Geography
Smirnenkoye is located 24 km east of Kulunda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Semyonovka is the nearest rural locality.

title: Smirnenkoye


text:
Pro Engineer/Surface FAQ

What is the difference between a surface model and a solid model?

 A surface can be open e.g. it does not completely enclose a volume A surface has no thickness A solid is a special type of surface model. The CAD system knows where the inside is. Therefore, the CAD system will know whether a given point in space is inside or outside of the solid.  Solids can be created from closed surfaces Thin solid can be produced from most surfaces

Is there a need for surfaces?

There are lots of geometry shapes that cannot be produced any other way. Surfaces are a cleaner way to produce certain types of feature.

Are surfaces difficult to master?

Not really. Once you understand the terminology the are no more difficult that than solid features, in fact extrude, revolve, blend and sweep are created in exactly the same way as their solid counterparts.

What are the Magenta and Yellow lines in Pro/ENGINEER 2001 and earlier?

In wireframe and hidden line views, surfaces are displayed with tangential edges as magenta (double-sided surfaces). Surface edges, cuts, are displayed as yellow (single-sided surfaces).

How do I stop surfaces cluttering the screen?

If you use automatic layers then blank the surface layer. If you use manual layers create a layer, add the surfaces to the layers using the Feature, All of Type option, then blank that layer.

title: Pro Engineer/Surface FAQ


text:
User:Dleviticus

{{About|the American rapper {{Infobox musical artist
 * name               = KiDD KaBi
 * image              =
 * caption            =
 * image_size         =
 * background         = solo_singer
 * birth_name         = Mark Bernard Eason Jr.
 * alias              = KaBi, KiDD KaBi, Ace B, Ace Boogie
 * birth_date               = {{birth date and age|1995|10|08}}
 * birth_place         =
 * origin             = Philadelphia, Pennsylvainia, U.S.
 * family             = Single.
 * instrument         = vocals, sampler, Guitar, Trumpet
 * genre              = Alternative Hip hop
 * occupation         = Rapper, producer
 * years_active       = 2009–present
 * label              = Not Signed
 * associated_acts    = N/a
 * website            =

Mark Bernard Eason Jr (born October 08, 1995), better known by his stage name KaBi, is an American rapper. In 2009, he started seriously rapping with his friends. He Performed at Several shows in the year 2012. He Performed with other KnS Records Member Savoy LaShai.

Early life and career beginnings
KaBi was born in Phila, PA, on October 08, 1995. At the age of 12 years old, he enrolled in Cockrell Christian School, Philadelphia where he graduated third in his class. His ninth grade year he attended them Creative And Performing Arts for visual arts, aunt and his cousin. His childhood revolved around his passion for rap music.

KaBi started rapping at the age of 9, soon after his younger sister was born when his older cousin showed him the basics of rhyming and word play. Inspired mostly by rappers Tupac Shakur, KaBi developed a love for telling stories in his lyrics.

title: User:Dleviticus


text:
Talk:Urantia United

What is the real point of this article and why is it here? This is apparently a self-serving presentation by a single individual of his massive abridgement of The Urantia Book. Obviously anyone is entitled to play with their copy of the text of the book in any way they like; however, the presentation of this material in this location (complete with references back to the wikipedia Urantia entry) seems to convey an authority that is altogether absent. Since a naive reader of the UB could become terribly confused and misled by this approach, which is not at all representative of the book itself, I believe the article should be qualified to indicate that it in no way represents the conceptual content of the real book, nor does it reflect any generally accepted approach to abridgement. If this is the product of a seriously minded group of readers, rather than a single overly committed individual, that group should make itself known and open its work to discussion. Absent this, the article should be rewritten to emphasize that this abridged text is NOT The Urantia Book, is NOT representative of the contents of The Urantia Book, and is NOT supported by a community of knowledgeable readers of The Urantia Book.

This is not to say that a naive reader may not gain spiritual insight from reading this Reader's Digest version. The selected material is excellent and communicative. But there are very good reasons for not presenting this material in this manner, especially to inexperienced readers. Although it is taken from the Book, this is not very representative of the real Urantia Book. Any why is it in "Wikiversity" anyway? If I receive no replies to this note, I will proceed to edit the entry as I see fit. <IP_ADDRESS> 21:09, 7 January 2007<EMAIL_ADDRESS>

 * Please register a Wikiversity user name and edit the page. By definition, the content of the page is open to discussion. This topic is under the wing of the Wikiversity School of Theology and this applies: "Participants in the Wikiversity School of Theology use rational analysis and argument to discuss, interpret, and teach on any of a myriad a religious topics." --JWSchmidt 21:27, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you for the comment. I will follow your advice about registering to edit when ready. I have brought the matter to the attention of The Urantia Book Fellowship and prefer to hear from other interested parties before just digging into what's here. There's no guarantee that what I changed would be an improvement since it's just one person's opinion. It is entirely possible the Fellowship will assign one or more people from their Education Committee to explore this in greater depth. Perhaps they would even take a constructive interest in fostering a group that might emerge around this broad topic. (Should one abridge the Book? Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? etc.) <IP_ADDRESS> 23:00, 7 January 2007<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Urantia Book
We also have a new learning resource, Urantia Book intended to cover the UB in its original unabridged form as a study group and part of School:Theology. CQ 00:38, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

categories
Would it be good to add the categories Theology and/or spirituality to this page? Michael Ten (talk) 17:25, 19 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't think it would hurt. I'll add them now, if they're not already there. Xaxafrad (talk) 01:56, 17 January 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Urantia United


text:
Talk:Mark Turner (musician)

Untitled
There we go - "well-known"! Of course he is well-known among afficianados, but why does Wikipedia have to be so full of that term (as well as "famous!)? Peter Shearan 10:34, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Any chance we could add some material, and maybe some updates on his accident with his fingers at the end of last year?--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:38, 14 February 2009 (UTC)

There exists a minor problem at the end of the English version of the page, where a reference is made to "Miki Yamakana" in the 'With others' section, whereas the previous section refers to the correctly spelled "with Miki Yamanaka" Stairway to the Stars album. No experience with tweaking Wikipedia pages, sorry... Jean-Louis Dornstetter.

Unreferenced claims
Yesterday I made a number of changes to this article—including the placement of "citation needed" templates. Today, two edits were made purporting to address problems I indicated (e.g. changing "effortlessly up" to "seamlessly", and "frequently collaborates" to "has regularly collaborated"). Please note that those changes do nothing to address the problems. This is a biography of a living person (BLP) and accordingly WP has to be extra careful about providing reliable sources for any claims made. Using adverbs (such as any example in the previous sentence) is subjective and an encyclopaedia must be able to support such claims. I won't be deleting the subjective claims but I'm sure that someone eventually will, so it would be an idea to find reliable sources to keep such material in the article. GFHandel ♬ 05:20, 27 August 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Mark Turner (musician). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20041124132031/http://www.freshsoundrecords.com:80/record_popup.php?record_id=62 to http://www.freshsoundrecords.com/record_popup.php?record_id=62

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 13:42, 12 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Mark Turner (musician). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20061126014744/http://www.allaboutjazz.com/reviews/r0300_003.htm to http://www.allaboutjazz.com/reviews/r0300_003.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090106012046/http://grovemusic.com/ to http://grovemusic.com/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:18, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mark Turner (musician)


text:
Philadelphia Fever (WPSL)

Philadelphia Fever was an American women's soccer club that last played in the Women's Arena Soccer League (WASL). The club was founded in 2012 and joined the semi-professional Women's Premier Soccer League Elite (WPSL Elite) for its only season before returning to the amateur WPSL for the 2013 WPSL season.

After disbanding for 2014 and 2015, the Fever returned in the summer of 2016 as a developmental team playing exhibition matches, then joined the WASL in 2017. The Fever and WASL shared ownership with men's side Philadelphia Fury, which competed in the corresponding American Soccer League (ASL). Both leagues ceased play after the 2017 season.

The Philadelphia Fever, along with AC Crusaders and Philadelphia Fury soccer clubs, were part of the Atlantic Soccer Factory organization.

title: Philadelphia Fever (WPSL)


text:
Mirny, Loktevsky District, Altai Krai

Mirny (Мирный) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Kirovsky Selsoviet, Loktevsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2013. There is 1 street.

Geography
Mirny is located 14 km northeast of Gornyak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kirovsky is the nearest rural locality.

title: Mirny, Loktevsky District, Altai Krai


text:
Talk:Superconductivity/Archive 2

Request for Comment (2019-05-01)
Should my edit be allowed (see discussion in previous section, ). Eric Kvaalen (talk) 13:12, 1 May 2019 (UTC)

 * Ugh. Why start an RFC out of the blue for something that happened a year ago?  Anyway, the part of the caption detailing which shapes refer to which types is fine to add.  The part mentioning a missing point on the graph should  be added.  Either update the graph or just live with it.  As for the temperature thing, I don't think I know enough to really weigh in, but based on the discussion, since there's apparently a good bit of variation, does it really matter if it's off by one degree?  Why not just update the text to reflect that there's uncertainty in the actual value (sticking to sources, of course)?  –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos) 14:25, 1 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Seems to me that with the variation in temperature, and possible round up in generating the 93, there is no reason to change to 93. Note that the text up to 93, in the case that it was actually 92.6 rounded up to 93 (just a guess), is wrong. I suppose if it says up to about then I wouldn't argue either way, but even in that case I vote for 92. (By the way, I was at the famous APS meeting in 1987, but went to the talk about Chernobyl instead.) Gah4 (talk) 00:16, 2 May 2019 (UTC)
 * If it was 92.6 then we are justified in saying 93, just as the authors do. It seems to me that either we have to say 93 or we have to give the range. There's no justification for 92 from the reference. And since what interests researchers is how high we can get the temperature, then it seems to me better to just give the 93 K that is given in the title of the reference rather than to complicate things by giving the range.
 * As for why I started a Request for Comment after a year, it's because no one commented during that year, and I think it was very unfair of Tarl to block my edit. He seemed to be mad at me because of another discussion.
 * Eric Kvaalen (talk) 16:51, 3 May 2019 (UTC)
 * No. My objection was complicating the captions unnecessarily. The purpose of the timeline in this article was to show when various temperatures were achieved. Further detail about the graph belongs either in the text of the article, or in the additional information for the image itself (scroll down from ). The original caption from the thesis (figure 2.4) was: The history of some of the discovered superconducting compounds. Note in particular the BCS superconductors (green circles), the cuprates (blue diamonds), and the iron-based superconductors (yellow squares). Note also the change in the axes at around year 1980 and Tc ~ 50 K. I would consider the last sentence to be useful for the caption in this article, the earlier stuff being placed elsewhere. Tarl N. ( discuss ) 01:32, 2 May 2019 (UTC)
 * If a graph uses different colors, then it should be explained. I did the work of looking up the reference and finding the graph. Why shouldn't I be able to share the results of my work with other Wikipedia readers? Why should they have to do all that just to find out what the colors mean? We're just talking about 18 words added to the caption! Eric Kvaalen (talk) 16:51, 3 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Explaining the colors is just fine - but it doesn't have to be in the caption. The long caption I quoted above was for a full-page image, not the relatively tiny thumbnails we use in Wikipedia - I've seen cases of captions being larger than the images. Adding that information to the image page itself, or in the text of the article is fine. But this is going beyond your original question, which was trying to forum-shop an answer to "can my edit go in now?" Tarl N. ( discuss ) 19:25, 3 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I don't know what "forum-shop" means. Shopping in the Forum Romanum? All right, so we agree that the explanation of the colors should be given. Now I would like to know what others think about whether it should be in the caption or in the text. Eric Kvaalen (talk) 06:14, 4 May 2019 (UTC)
 * See WP:FORUMSHOP. DMacks (talk) 13:53, 4 May 2019 (UTC)
 * The strangeness of the delay aside, starting an RFC to gain wider community input is forum shopping.  –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos) 15:21, 5 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Regardless of whether the shapes/colors are explained in the image-caption or article-text here in the article, they should be part of the image-file's own description at File:Timeline of Superconductivity from 1900 to 2015.svg. Otherwise, someone who uses in any other context will have no idea what it all means. The image description page is a great place for extended detail about the image that goes beyond what might be appropriate in detail or scope in a certain article. DMacks (talk) 14:00, 4 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Storm in teacup. I agree with the likes of DMacks and Deacon Vorbis in general. For my part "above 90K" would be fine; who among our readers would fail to understand that constructively in context? JonRichfield (talk) 08:49, 5 May 2019 (UTC)

All right, I'm putting in "above 90" and putting the explanation of the colors in the file along with a note in the caption to say so. Eric Kvaalen (talk) 16:47, 8 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Close this RFC. This RFC is asking about an edit that was made and reverted a year ago, and is therefore a disruptive RFC.  Robert McClenon (talk) 10:37, 10 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Close this RFC. (via FRS) I wholeheartedly agree. This is clearly unproductive. StudiesWorld (talk) 10:07, 12 May 2019 (UTC)

 * Well, no, it was productive. Eric Kvaalen (talk) 16:06, 12 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Well... While there's definitely a good argument against this RFC being productive It does look like it could go somewhere (If it hasn't already gotten there tbh) As for my opinion I have to agree with Eric Kvaalen's ideas entirely. --NikkeKatski [Elite] (talk) 17:18, 18 May 2019 (UTC)

 * I am removing this RfC because the discussion has stopped as of the 18th of May, 2019. In addition, the discussed edit has been unchanged for over two weeks. - AquilaFasciata (talk | contrib) 17:03, 23 May 2019 (UTC)

IISc paper
Has anyone read the paper for which we keep reverting the inappropriate additions? I don't know where to find it, and the comments being made in support of it: Their material will have superconductivity suggest to me this is not only not peer reviewed, but speculative. Tarl N. ( discuss ) 19:27, 9 June 2019 (UTC)

 * A new IP editor, 2405:205:2294:E57E:44A9:1D12:8A38:60A0, has inserted the same content, in the same format, as Lokeshguta149 is pushing. It is his only edit.  2405:205:2294:E57E:44A9:1D12:8A38:60A0: are you the same person as Lokeshguta149?  A single editor using multiple accounts pretending to be different people to deceive and push content is called WP:SOCKPUPPETRY, and can get you banned.  Any more of this and I will report you to an administrator. --ChetvornoTALK 19:57, 9 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Well, the edit summary is identical too, and the IP is located in New Dehli, so by WP:SPI standards, we can say it quacks like a duck. However, under WP:AGF, I'd assume the editor simply forgot to log in. Tarl N. ( discuss ) 03:44, 10 June 2019 (UTC)
 * For what it's worth, looking up the author names specified at IISc preprints I see this paper: Recent advances in the preparation of nanocrystal solids, the only paper jointly authored by the indicated researchers. It's from 2015, and from the description, has nothing relating to the spam/promo we're seeing here. It's behind a paywall, and I don't have the energy to fetch it through my university, since it is unlikely to have any bearing on what has been posted. Tarl N. ( discuss ) 04:01, 10 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I've requested page protection, since this spammer is now using changing IPs on a wireless network. Tarl N. ( discuss ) 16:12, 10 June 2019 (UTC)

The article in question is at arXiv:1807.08572. See also arXiv:1906.00708 and arXiv:1808.02929. Brienanni (talk) 07:07, 10 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks, in particular for that last paper referenced. Let's wait until peer review gets through these. Tarl N. ( discuss ) 16:14, 10 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Could editors here keep an eye on Room-temperature superconductor. The Indian Institute of Science stuff is still there, maybe it's appropriate for that article but I don't think this patent stuff was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Room-temperature_superconductor&type=revision&diff=897224511&oldid=894858280] and it lasted quite a while. And yes I appreciate this is technically OT here since it isn't about improving this article but while I raised concerns at WP:FTN a couple of months back (hence the edits), I wonder if this is the better place to get the attention of editors experienced in the field. Nil Einne (talk) 08:22, 30 July 2019 (UTC)

Should we mention Migdal-Eliashberg theory or Eliashberg theory
Should we mention Migdal-Eliashberg theory : Accuracy of Migdal-Eliashberg theory and Coulomb pseudopotential 2011? Starts: ""The Migdal-Eliashberg (ME) theory provides a very successful method for describing conventional superconductors, where the pairing is driven by a phonon-induced attraction. This theory is based on Migdal’s theorem, stating that vertex corrections can be neglected if the phonon energy scale (𝜔0) is much smaller than the electronic energy scale (𝐷). This should be true even if the dimensionless effective electron-phonon coupling 𝜆 is much larger than unity, as long as (𝜔0/𝐷)𝜆 ≪ 1. Thus vertex corrections are neglected in ME theory, which is a huge simplification.""

Breakdown of the Migdal approximation at Lifshitz transitions with giant zero-point motion in the H3S superconductor talks of the Migdal approximation to standard Eliashberg theory. - not sure how to summarise it ? Is it just a way to simplify the calculations within BCS ? or does it apply in any way to any of the unconventional superconductors ? If it doesn't belong in this article, where should it go ? - Rod57 (talk) 18:00, 4 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Eliashberg Theory 2013 looks like a review of Eliashberg theory (1961) and mentions various approximations (including Migdal 1958). Perhaps Eliashberg theory is a theory for SC where electron-phonon interaction can be strong (whereas BCS is better only when electron-phonon interaction is weak) ? - Rod57 (talk) 18:29, 4 January 2020 (UTC)

Rutger's Formula
Hello,

My draft for a stub on Rutger's Formula was declined. According to a frequent editor, this was mostly due to "lack of context". I think it might work instead as a section of this article.

Is this a possibility?

Miguelmurca (talk) 10:21, 14 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Google seems to find more refs (which seems to be the main reason the draft was declined) - but the content seems to be mostly about the derivation of the formula - which seems too detailed for this article. Can I suggest adding more refs to the draft, extending its introduction, and putting a very brief mention to Rutger's formula where/if this article talks about a step change in specific heat. - Rod57 (talk) 18:39, 4 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I would suggest that the article needs some english language verbiage; notably, what does it mean? "discontinuity in the specific heat". I've had undergrad physics, I think I understand it, but this is wikipedia, not a textbook. Explain in words what happens to specific heat at Tc (a graph would be useful), and why we care about it across that boundary. Also, some history. Who was Rutger, and why is the formula named for him? All of this, obviously, with citations. I will also mention that you are likely to run into some paranoia about naming, so make sure it's clear with secondary sources that the name is widely accepted. Regards, Tarl N. ( discuss ) 21:42, 4 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Addendum, it seems likely that the draft is misnamed - "Rutgers Formula" looks to not have an apostrophe. Which suggests it's named after the university, rather than a person. Tarl N. ( discuss ) 21:48, 4 January 2020 (UTC)

Proposed series for superconductivity (Sidebar or Footer open for discussion)
Hi all, I created Template:Superconductivity which mostly contains all the links in the see also section of this article arranged in categories. I am no longer fully convinced it is needed, but thought it was a great idea when I started. (There are a lot of a articles here that relate to superconductivity and you have to follow a lot of links sometimes to find specific information) I would like to know what others think. If you like the idea, feel free to edit Template:Superconductivity to help make it more useful. Thanks! Footlessmouse (talk) 05:51, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Hi Footlessmouse. My question is: where would you use it, where would you put it (in those articles), and how different is this from "See also". Sometimes, these templates become too big (you're already there), lose focus, and don't look very nice in articles (especially when people put them in the lead), so I have mixed feelings. But that's just me... Ponor (talk) 23:19, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Hi Ponor, thanks for the reply. I agree that it already has too much in it. It would be better as a footer, I believe. The primary advantages of using the template, in my opinion, is 1) to reduce the size of the see also sections across the articles to only mention those articles that are most relevant to the current article (links to articles which a significant portion of new users are likely to follow after reading the current article). 2) To allow the template to be standardized across all the articles, so that it is easier for new users to surf around the topic. 3) To categorize the articles that would otherwise be in the see also sections, so that it is easier to find a specific topic of interest. The main disadvantages are maintenance and brevity. Like I said, I'm not convinced either way, but wanted to see what others think. Footlessmouse (talk) 00:02, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

I checked few articles with similar templates. Quantum Mechanics article has an enormous one, with collapsible sections. I have to admit I don't think I ever used any of these. I wonder if "See also" sections are that important. It's the wikilinks that we like to follow, because they (should) put things in context, not just list them. Templates may be good for our bookkeeping, but articles are best linked by wikilinks... imho. Ponor (talk) 00:56, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

 * If by wikilinks you mean links in the text that link to a subject when it is mentioned, then agreed. I believe that is, by far, the most useful means of navigation. I still use templates, though, but not too often. It's usally for the 3rd reason above, when I am surfing through random phenomena, experiments, or people tangentially related to a given topic. It also doesn't seem like this is too big of a deal and not too many are interested in it. If anyone else likes the idea, please let me know, otherwise we'll just leave everything as is for now. Thanks! Footlessmouse (talk) 01:23, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

FYI: Found this recent discussion, some interesting arguments against using the sidebars (e.g. They're missing from mobile pages, yet no complaints)

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Sidebars_(navboxes)_should_NOT_be_used Ponor (talk) 11:57, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * This is interesting and it does make several good points. I can agree that the sidebars should be kept out of the lede and a picture, if available, should be the first thing in the upper-right-corner of the page. I will keep this in mind in the future. Footlessmouse (talk) 21:39, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Superconductivity/Archive 2