text:
Waves/Light

Light
Light moves in a vacuum at a speed of $$c_{vac} = 3 \times 10^8 \mbox{ m} \mbox{ s}^{-1}$$. In transparent materials it moves at a speed less than $$c_{vac}$$ by a factor $$n$$ which is called the refractive index of the material:
 * $$c = c_{vac} / n . $$

Often the refractive index takes the form
 * $$n^2 \approx 1 + \frac{A}{1 - (k/k_R )^2} ,$$

where $$k$$ is the wavenumber and $$k_R$$ and $$A$$ are constants characteristic of the material. The angular frequency of light in a transparent medium is thus
 * $$\omega = kc = \frac{k c_{vac}}{n} \approx

\frac{k c_{vac}}{\sqrt{1+A}}(1+ \frac{1}{2}\frac{A}{1+A}\frac{k^2}{k^2_R})$$

so the frequency increases slightly with increasing k. Typically, when k is near kR, the material becomes opaque.

Ultimately, this is due to resonance between the light and the atoms of the materials.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Waves/Light


text:
Mathematical Olympiads for Elementary and Middle Schools

Mathematical Olympiads for Elementary and Middle Schools (MOEMS) is a worldwide math competition, organized by a not for profit foundation with the same name. It is held yearly from November through March with one test administered each month. Tests are given at individual schools and results are sent to MOEMS for scoring. Schools, home schools and institutions may participate in the contest. Two dozen other nations also participate in the competition. There are two divisions, Elementary and Middle School. Elementary level problems are for grades 4-6 and Middle School level problems are for grades 7-8, though 4-6 graders may participate in Middle School problems. Hundreds of thousands of students participate annually in MOEMS events.

MOEMS plans soon to develop an online teacher training program.

History
First set up in 1977 by founder George Lenchner (1917–2006), MOEMS became a public competition in 1979. Lenchner, who died after decades in service to the math education community, wrote several books on elementary problem solving used by many MOEMS teachers and students. His obituary was featured in the Sunday New York Times on May 14, 2006.

The current MOEMS Director is Richard Kalman who also worked with the American Regions Mathematics League for many years.


text:
Software Freedom

Introduction
GNU/Linux, Mozilla, Open Office, and other pieces of Free and Open Source software (FOSS) are quickly, and often silently, making their way into the world's schools and its students' lives. The governments, citizens, and students of Norway, Denmark, Germany and funding and working with the Skolelinux project bringing GNU/Linux based computer operating systems into middle and high schools. The edUbuntu project is pursuing similar goals in South Africa and elsewhere. Local governments and ministries of education in Spain have produced a long list of FOSS platforms that includes LinEx, Guadalinex, Catix, LliureX, and others. Meanwhile, the One Laptop Per Child initiative has gained international attention and recognition for its insistence on a free and open source software platform in its drive to bring cheap computers to children of the world.

For reasons of cost, flexibility, adaptability, performance, coordinated deployment and decentralized support, Free Software in schools makes economic sense. However, for many of those in the forefront of the movement to increase the involvement and impact of FOSS in education, the primary motivations are not pragmatic or economic but philosophical.

At its core, Free Software is not primarily about price but about freedom. In particular, it is about the freedoms to use software for any purpose, modify software to fix problems and to share software in both modified and unmodified forms. In this way, free software embraces a model of openness, collaboration and coordinated learning that resembles the product and processes of education when it is most successful.

The developers and advocates of the each of the FOSS in education projects mentioned above do not believe that a web browser is just a web browser. Instead, they believe that it is a product of and a representative of a particular process defined in terms of a number of legal and philosophical constraints. They believe that part of free software's potential for education lies in the fact that free software introduces students to a set of freedoms that hold the potential to improve the learning process in profound ways.

The success of FOSS in education, in these terms, is only possible if students are able to connect the products—the software on their computers—to the process and ideas that created them. What follows is a curriculum that attempts to make this connection and to introduce students to the concepts and the practice of Free and Open Source software.

Applicability

Free Software/Open Source
The Free and Open Source Software movements are parallel movements with a complex relationship and history whose explanation is outside the scope of this curriculum. When discussing software, licenses, and development communities, the terms are usually synonymous. When discussing the motivation, philosophy, and politics behind the production of this software, the terms vary wildly.

As to the nature of the distinction, an inadequate but useful distinction can be drawn: Free Software is a social movement; Open Source is a development methodology. From my own position, "Free Software" seems like the better match. As a result, I err on the side of overusing the term Free Software.

This curriculum is an experiment prompted by the OLPC project (i.e., the "One Hundred Dollar Laptop Project" spearheaded by Nicholas Negroponte of the MIT Media Lab). The principles of free and open source software are of utmost importance to the OLPC project. This curriculum offers a proposal for one way that these principles of software freedom and more general commitment to openness can be communicated to the users of the laptop.

While this curriculum has been designed to be used with the OLPC laptop, it could easily be applied outside of that project and without access to the laptop. While the curriculum becomes most meaningful in contexts where students are using free and open source software daily, it can also be deployed, with few modifications, in a diversity of settings.

The curriculum assumes and requires access to a computer but does not assume prior experience in programming or computer sciences. It is designed primary for students in 8th-10th grade.

This curriculum is most well suited to the environments where students are already familiar with free/open source software products—even if they are not familiar with the fact their software products are free software. It aims to connect the philosophy and productive practice behind free software to the larger questions raised around the ownership of ideas and expression—and by extension, intellectual property more generally. It seeks to become meaningful by grounding these concepts in the software that students already use on a daily basis.

Overview
This is a challenging, interdisciplinary, activist curriculum. It introduces difficult concepts of computation, information, ownership, communication, the impact of technological decisions, and freedom movements. Its fundamental goal is to connect the processes and philosophies that have helped create students' software to the software itself and to do it in such a way that students understand the role and impact that they can play in defining their own information environment.

Sections
This curriculum introduces a number of complex issues. Each one could, potentially, be given it's own curriculum. The aim of this curriculum is not to impart mastery of any one area but to give students an a set of tools—both technological and analogical—which they can use in their own explorations. Issues in this curriculum are tackled in the following sections which attempt to alternate between more technical and more theoretical topics:

 * Software Freedom/Information: A section that explores the nature of information goods and the idea of ownership of these goods;
 * Software Freedom/Computation: An introduction to computation and computer programming;
 * Software Freedom/Collaboration: An exploration of collaboration and its impact and costs;
 * Software Freedom/Context: A more targeted exploration of computation and programming that focuses on the computer in relation to the student and, in specific, the software on the students desktop;
 * Software Freedom/Communication: A look at technologies of communication and the way that technological rules define the terms on which we communicate with each other;
 * Software Freedom/FOSS: A free and open source software and attempts to tie the concepts introduced before together into a synthetic whole.

Activities

 * Software Freedom/Information Goods Activity: An activity that asks students to explore and compare material and information goods and touches on many of the core issues of information ownership that form the backbone for this curriculum.
 * Software Freedom/Controlling Communication Activity: An activity in which students design, implement, share, and discuss a communications technology that defines the terms on which others can communicate.

title: Software Freedom


text:
Mamuri, Mazul

Mamuri (, also Romanized as Ma‘mūrī; also known as Kohneh Ma‘mūrī) is a village in Mazul Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38, in 10 families.

title: Mamuri, Mazul


text:
Talk:List of closed railway stations in Britain

Listing by town or station name?
The title says it all really.

We currently have different styles, for example: Kemptown (Brighton) Aberdeen Ferryhill

The latter is easier to find, but the former is the station's actual name.

Personally I'd suggest the latter, always giving town name, is much more functional.

[Topic started by Kierant 16:11, 20 March 2006 (UTC)]

I think that the latter is formed from that being the actual part of the station name, also with the former issues with it being located in a very rural area could be problematic. Maybe something along the lines of this: Station name (County) Year of Closure would be a more appropriate format? Stuey 182 23:00, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

An introduction to the page
Do people want to just have a list here, or would it be worth linking to pages about the various Railway Acts such as the so-called "Grouping" and "Beeching" Acts, to explain to readers why Britain is littered with closed stations? Kierant 16:11, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Birmingham Snow Hill / re-opening dispute
There appears to be a mild dispute regarding the inclusion of Birmingham Snow Hill station. The original station of this name did close, but there is now a station of the same name on roughly the same site. It would help if this page were better defined; a paragraph with links to Beeching et al, for example (see point above). Meanwhile, perhaps the page should be re-named, to something like List of railway station closures in Britain? Kierant 16:05, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 * There are more than one station that were closed but have reopened, in the same location or very nearby. This list concerns stations that have closed which is what Snow Hill did, regardless of it being open now. There is afterall an article for Snow Hill with the relevant station. Other stations that have closed but reopened that I know of:

No one would contest keeping the above stations in the list as they are closed, and now reopened. There is in brackets the mention of the current status of Snow Hill. Captain scarlet 16:11, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Meadowhall and Wincobank (1947) now Meadowhall Interchange (1994)
 * Rotherham Central (195something) now Rotherham Central (1988ish)
 * My main point is that's it's mildly ambiguous exactly what this list IS for; hence the (unanswered) point above which I made a while ago. As to the inclusion of re-opened stations, It looks like somebody (the user Mucky Duck, and possibly also somebody at <IP_ADDRESS>, see the page history) does in fact contest keeping such stations in the list - that's what started this discussion. Kierant 16:19, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't contest anything of the sort! I've never (knowingly, anyway) removed anything from this list - All I've done is add a couple to it. Mucky Duck 16:24, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Blimey, apologies MuckyDuck, I'm going to have no more to do with this today as I seem to be getting garbled results from Wikipedia. Hopefully whoever it was at <IP_ADDRESS> (if that's correct) will have something to say. Kierant 16:27, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * You're forgiven. ;-) Mucky Duck 16:37, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Since the list is "List of closed stations" and not "List of station closures", it makes sense that this should be for stations that were closed and are not now open (we have Category:Railway stations in the United Kingdom and its constituent lists for that), and not for every station that happened to be closed and since reopened (I imagine this list would be considerably longer, and rather less meaningful), unless the list is arranged differently e.g. grouped by closure rather than alphabetically. As examples go, I can think of more that have closed and since reopened, and still currently open, than can be counted in decimal on two hands, and my knowledge of the subject is somewhat limited, so I imagine there are a good many more. <IP_ADDRESS> 18:07, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 * PS. On closer examination, it seems the new Rotherham Central is not the same Rotherham Central as was closed in 1966. 18:17, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

If you don't mind, I'll remove every single station that has reopened then... Ridiculous, especially from un unregistered editor. Captain scarlet 17:57, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * ... and therein you demonstrate the highest ignorance. This "unregistered editor" happens to have more history than you know.  In the meantime, WP:NPA, please. <IP_ADDRESS> 18:07, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 * and that clearly means you know more on the subject that anyone else... two letter edits only up your edit count, not your stature Captain scarlet 18:36, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Would it not seem just as useful to put a section on the page of the new station giving the history of the station under the previous name, like I've personally done with Heswall railway station by using the # tag? {Stuey 182 22:00, 25 April 2006 (UTC))
 * Perhaps the best way to go would be a List of reopened stations in Britain, etither as a separate article or as a section on this one? Thryduulf 22:33, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

Good idea, and done. Captain scarlet 22:34, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 * PS: (edited whilst I was reading) The closed article is sufficient, and dosn't warrant yet another article, it this article needs is good editing... Captain scarlet 22:36, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 * See WP:LEGS. The words "book" and "cover" come to mind.  I will ask once more that you don't judge other editors by what you mistakenly believe to be their entire contribution history.  Further sniping based on what you perceive to be my history does not magically make it true.  Since you evidently missed it the first time, I'll use a larger font this time:  WP:NPA  .  None of us are perfect, yourself included.  <IP_ADDRESS> 10:42, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
 * You might want to make your comments are added to conversation they belong to, this seems slightly off topic. I can't say I've missed anything from unidentified editors in this discussion page or the attached article other than inflammatory comments, inappropriate comments and unfounded edits. This article now clearly states what the station is and what happened. The Snow Hill article itself clearly shows the station's history, which is enough to understand the situation. Try and not include a 5-minute search of Wikipedia policies whilst actually breaching them. Whether you like or not, since you are not identified for a reason or another, your history are solely the edits that show in your history, any other IP is irrelevant since unless you own a static IP, anyone having the same ISP will one day or another have your IP. Try and think a few seconds before lessoning others and see how insignificant the edit your edit was and how ridiculous it is to actually bash each other for something so small. Bless the Internet and inflated egos. Regards, Captain scarlet 12:22, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Who's got the inflated ego here? I'm not in any way trying to say that I know more about anything than you do, merely that you shouldn't be so quick to assume the opposite.  Jeez, keep it WP:COOL please?  Oh, and I'm undoing your move of this comment, so now it really is in the strand it belongs in :-)  Can we at least try and talk this out?  I'm not convinced by your argument, but thhen that's probably because your entire argument thus far has been to attack me rather than tackling my actual point, namely that stations that are open should not be on a list of stations that are closed, otherwise we'd end up including around a third of the still-open stations on the network.  All this means is that stations like Snow Hill and Crewe are out, and the original Rotherham Central (not to be confused with the new one, which is on a different site using different trackbed). 20:59, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
 * ahem* Last section should read "original Rotherham Central ... is in." 21:10, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't know of which station you're talking about, but the current Rotherham Station is on the same trackbed, and in the same location as the previous station, using different access points (Bridge St instead of Main St). The best thing to do is stick to editing article of things you know about. You don't see me editing the Penzance article... Since the article is verfied, I'd suggest thinking of what you've just said for a while. Using your logic, I ought to add St Pancras station which was closed on 9 april 2004 and relocated to the International site, but it's the same station in the same place with the same trains. Regards Captain scarlet 22:17, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
 * (Moved comments back to their place after the ones they're actually in reply to, again) I'm not following your interpretation of my logic here. The new bit of St. Pancras is an extension to the current station, in use while the main section is renovated and rebuilt, on precisely the same site, so it's not closed. In much the same way as Snow Hill is no longer closed, and whatever other station I was thinking of when I mistakenly added Crewe (still not sure why that's there, though). If Rotherham is on the same site, then the article probably needs to make this slightly clearer (and not confusing the fact with mentions of "new" constructions all around), and it can probably come off the list, since evidently it too is no longer closed, this being a list of closed stations, not open ones. I'm now somewhat uneasy having found that the original list was pretty much lifted strraight from Disused Stations (though in fairness it seems that the resulting articles are original). Before you move this again, remember that discussions on Wikipedia are threaded, and replies follow the comment they're replying to, not some crazy chronological order that not only breaks the flow of the discussion, but also distorts the conversation somewhat. 23:01, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Breaking your logic I've once again repasted this discussion in chronological order so that the last comment is at the bottom of the page. I'm going to actually look for your erronous comments as well as trying to convince you of your error. regards, Captain scarlet 23:21, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Good for you. As long as you at least stop breaking the talk page.  The last comment does not go at the bottom, it goes underneath the comment it was in reply to.  See WP:LEGS... was in reply to and that clearly means, so it, and the ensuing  discussion does underneath it.  Not, surprisingly enough, under Perhaps the best way... or (edited whilst I was reading)..., with which it is entirely unrelated.  I am struggling to sustain my assumptions of good faith, since if I didn't know better, I'd say you were almost deliberately trying to misrepresent me and discredit my opinions.  Of course, you're not doing that, are you?  <IP_ADDRESS> 23:43, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
 * You are clearly playing the bullied card. I am here, talking to you and you are systematically vandalising a collection or articles with unfounded comments. You are on these articles clearly lowering the tone, and this is not your Wikipedia: If you don't want your writings to be edited mercilessly or redistributed by others, do not submit it. I for myself have nothing to feel guilty about other than wasting my time with you. I have assumed good faith by spending time on this chat. I have long left the good faith motto behind since you have shown nothing more than immature behaviour of what would seem to be of a 10 year old discovering the joys of the Internet. There are others in this community who happen to not agree with you and who take time to verify the information they put into Wikipedia. One should not assume he or she is being prosecuted by the mere disagreement of others but listen and maybe realise the error of his or her previous opinion or judgement. Now this is the last comment on this page and is staying at the bottom. None of your edits make any sense whatsoever and you are not productively contributing to Wikipedia. God knows where this discussion other than feel free to edit while I actually take some sleep in view of tomorrow and be reverted the morning come. This is not your Wikipedia, edit with caution and consideration. Regards Captain scarlet 23:57, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Here you go again with the "newbie-biting" (though I am most definitely not a newbie). I am not vandalising the articles.  I have no problem with the whole editing process.  I've just noticed that in all of this, I have put forward a suggestion for this list, fixed up some station stubs, and trimmed some redundant info from a couple of articles, whereas all you have done is reject the suggestions out of hand, put redundant info back in, and continually launch personal attacks in your edit summaries and talk page responses.  Remember, attack the argument, not the person.  <IP_ADDRESS> 00:27, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

You don't understand. I consider your idea as rubbish, not you. I disagree with what you are saying and am not going to agree with you to make you feel better. You are misguided in the fact that you consider this being personnal attacks when I am telling I think you are wrong. Please do not delete my coments on this discussion cards, you are blocking any outside comments and bullying me into accepting your changes. I will not. Regards, Captain scarlet 06:06, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Yet here you state:
 * Ridiculous, especially from un unregistered editor. Why is that relevant to whether or not a station is closed? It's an attack on another editor.
 * two letter edits only up your edit count, not your stature Again, not relevant to this list, but yet another attack.
 * I can't say I've missed anything ... other than inflammatory comments, inappropriate comments and unfounded edits. Also irrelevant, and purely to attack another editor.
 * Using your logic, I ought to add St Pancras station This is called misrepresentation - presenting my argument as something it is not.
 * I am here, talking to you and you are systematically vandalising a collection or articles with unfounded comments. Accusing me of vandalism, when I am clearly not guilty. See what vandalism is not), where you'll find it says bold edits and mistakes.
 * On the other hand, you are guilty of vandalism - changing people's comments: by rearranging the page to your preferred order, not only do you change the context and therefore the meaning of my comments, it even ends up directed at the wrong person! - abuse of tags: you placed a test warning on my talk page, when it is clearly evident (though maybe only to everyone else and not you) that nothing of what I have done was remotely a newbie test.
 *  you are blocking any outside comments and bullying me into accepting your changes.
 * Please explain how I am bullying you, when you are reverting all my good edits, labelling them as vandalism? Now, that, my friend, is bullying. More importantly, how am I blocking outside comments? You are the one who keeps moving this discussion out of threading order (talk pages should be in thread order, not chronological by individual comment), effectively blocking anyone from continuing the discussion below this. Before you start accusing people of bullying, perhaps you need a mirror to realise that you are trying to bully me into submission, in much the same way you've bullied people over the naming of other articles for which there is already clear consensus. Taking this to WP:AN/I. <IP_ADDRESS> 00:59, 28 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I am exasperated by your behaviour and will only engage dialogue on WP:AN/I. I cannot reply to you if you systematically kill the edit order on this page, confusing at best. I will revert any vandalism you edit until your edits are proven to be valuable such the correction of my gramatical error on the P&O page which I thank you. Regards, Captain scarlet 06:12, 28 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Please maintain the editing timeline to preserve consistency DdW

Size of List
The more you look into this the more you realise that the number of closed stations is vast. If we had them all in here the list would be colossal. How about building some structure into it; by county, perhaps? Or line, railway company or region? Mucky Duck 11:16, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I like that idea; not only to make the list more readable, but to address the problem mentioned earlier of finding stations whose names do not begin with the name of their town or city. (e.g. "Lewes Road, Brighton"). Doing it by region or line might introduce problems with stations under joint ownership/management, so I'd prefer going by county. Unless of course there were stations straddling county boundaries ;-) –  Kieran T  ( talk  11:29, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

Tube stations
I've just added Shoreditch to the list, as I found there is an article about it - this is Shoreditch railway station on the Broad Street line. However the Tube station of the same name has also just closed. Should this list reflect tube stations (e.g. Aldwich, Ongar etc), or just ex-BR (or earlier) stations? – (Comment was added by Tivedshambo, 09:27, 10 June 2006)

 * Please, no! ;) There is already a suitable article: Closed London Underground stations –  Kieran T  ( talk  19:45, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

 * But Ongar was part of the GER and LNER, only becoming part of LT after the Central Line extension in 1949.Romfordian 12:46, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

The list could be longer...
You want the bad news? The stations I've added so far are just off the top of my head. I've just flicked through my copy of the book I added to the bottom of the article and think I could increase this list substantially. Oh Boy.Britmax 19:33, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Time to revisit the topic of organising the list then. The Closed London Underground stations article I've just mentioned, above, may be a useful example of something we might do here. Anybody got any other suggestions? – Kieran T  ( talk  19:49, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Does anyone else think the time has come to properly re-organise the list? Maybe into sub-categories for lines and/or regions.  I'm leaning towards the latter and any disputes/boundary problems arise I'm sure we're all civilised enough to work through them! (Stuey 182 15:19, 6 July 2006 (UTC))

 * Definitely time. The method is gonna be a minor headache. Lines seems nice, but at what point in time - construction or closure? Layouts and ownership changed in some cases, and probably some stations in the list catered for more than one line. Anyways, when we come up with a solution I'd be happy to help if there's any checking / researching needed. – Kieran T  ( talk  16:37, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Well with stations serving two or more lines I suppose they'd go into both, ordering them could be a headache too in that while there were many mainline stations closed there's many more branch lines to figure, maybe separating it into two lists, one with regions (North-West, North-East, Midlands, South-West, East, London, Wales, Scotland) and one with lines. I believe it's feasible anyway. (Stuey 182 17:02, 6 July 2006 (UTC))

 * Do you think, perhaps, we should make a start? The actual job is going to be huge, but if we set up headings for the regions now (while leaving the exisiting alphabetic listing there too for now) we could start moving entries into them gradually and it may not look so daunting. Mucky Duck 09:25, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

 * There is a book (out of print I think) called "Clinker's Register" which lists closed stations in Britain (including date of closure). There are probably upwards of 7,000 of them - ie nearly 3 times as many as those that are open. However anyone who tries this for the USA is in for a long task - there are probably 80,000 closed stations and depots there!

Exile 20:34, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

Private stations
The stations on the closed GNR line between St Albans Abbey railway station and Hatfield are missing.

However, while looking into this, I read here - Subterranea Britannica: Lemsford Road Halt - that "Lemsford Road Halt was a late addition to the line being opened for workmen in August 1942. It was a private Halt and did not appear in public timetables and was not shown on maps."

So should it (and other private stations) be included or not? --David Edgar 11:20, 15 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd say yes; for one thing, they remain an interesting part of railway history. Additionally, I don't imagine there are vast numbers of them (so long as we don't start naming goods sheds as stations! ;) so it shouldn't pose much trouble here. – Kieran T  ( talk  12:21, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

Maiden Lane railway station
Could i have help with this article? As indicated in it, there were not one, but two stations with the same name and in roughly the same location. However, one station was built sometime in early history when the ECML was being extended to London. It was only temporary. The second station was built on what is now the North London Line and closed many years later. Probably some clarification on dates and just general expansion of the article. Or should i split this article? Simply south 13:07, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Maiden Lane, GNR. Temporary terminus from 8 Aug 1850 to 14 Oct 1852, when King's Cross opened.
 * Maiden Lane, North London. (Originally East and West India Docks and Birmingham Junction). Opened 7 Dec 1850. Closed 1917 (exact dated not stated).

Source: Jowett's Railway Centres volume 1, Alan Jowett. Published PSL, 1993. Invaluable if you can get hold of a copy. Hope this helps.--Tivedshambo 19:07, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

In that case were they two seperate stations on 2 different sites? Simply south 20:00, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

That's how the map shows it - the EWIDBJ station was north-west of the GNR terminus, though the maps are hand-drawn without scale, so it's impossible to jusge how far apart they were.--Tivedshambo 20:34, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

In that case, should i split this article, or should i make two seperate sections on it in the same article?

I think i will probably rename to Maiden Lane railway stations. It has an s on the end to show there is more than one station. What do you think? Simply south 21:31, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

You could always have it as a direction page to one giving the link to a separate page for each, maybe giving each a bracketed section such as "Maiden Lane (GNR) railway station" and "Maiden Lane (North London) railway station", I'm not entirely sure as to how that's exactly done but I'm sure some of the other users on here would help with that. If that idea doesn't float your boat you could include them both on the same page with separate sections for each station. I'd imagine neither of them would be incredibly long so maybe this method would be more suitable? (Stuey 182 03:31, 20 June 2006 (UTC))

 * I'm more inclined to go with Simply South's idea of renaming the article to the plural. The stations are in similar locations, opened around the same time.--Tivedshambo (talk) 05:22, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

 * It wouldn't really work calling it North London, as both stations are in North London. Simply south 10:55, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm going to go ahead with the page move, although keep make suggestions Simply south 11:33, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

Station reopening
What do we do when a station closes for some years and then reopens. The example I can think of is Ardrossan Town. When it first operated it was a large red sandstone building with four platforms. A double line main line and a single branch to a terminating branch, as well as sidings. When it was closed, it lay derelict for about 15 years and then reopened, albeit in a much reduced capacity, basically as a single line, with platform and glorified bus shelter. It still operates as such. Douglasnicol 22:02, 10 October 2006 (UTC)
 * List it in the closed stations list as it was closed, and should be listed as such. So long as the list points to the station's article name and that the article does hold information on its closure and reopening then all's fine and dandy. Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons 12:03, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

For clarity, this list should also say that it was re-opened. Someone could easily be reading this article without access to the linked article. For example: and several more. --Hroðulf (or Hrothulf) (Talk) 12:56, 11 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Baillieston CR (Closed to passengers 1964. Reopened 1993)
 * Bargeddie Wifflet Line closed 1964. Reopened 1993
 * Birmingham Snow Hill (1972) (reopened 1987)
 * Bitton MR (1966) (re-opened Avon Valley Railway)
 * Farlington (Proposed re-opening: 2007)

Non-passenger locations.
What is the best way of representing closed non-passenger locations?
 * I note that Wenford Bridge is included as a closed station (although passenger trains never ran between Boscarne Junction and Wenford Bridge), but nearby Ruthernbridge is not listed (both had their origins in the Bodmin & Wadebridge Railway). Should locations which were at the end of freight-only lines, such as those above, be handled differently to intermediate locations which were only used for freight such as Dunmere Wharf or the old clay dries on the Down side of the Liskeard - Bodmin Road line (whose name I have forgotten). —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Romfordian (talk • contribs) 12:58, 15 May 2007 (UTC).

Which railway company?
Is there a convention for which railway company is shown (if any) after a station's name, bearing in mind that there may have been several operators over a station's lifetime? --Dr Greg 11:41, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

 * The one that built the station!!! Things are sometimes simpler than you think!! Canterberry 22:27, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

 * If that's the agreed convention, it's worth stating it at the top of each page. I've seen some entries which don't follow it — can't remember which, now, but I'll correct any I notice in the future. --Dr Greg 11:29, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

Closure Date
could some kind person please explain the year of closure? Does it mean closure to passengers or complete closure of the station? An example of a station where these two dates are considerable years apart is Whitegate railway station, which closed to passengers in 1931 but remained open for general goods until 1963. Best Witchwooder (talk) 13:52, 1 September 2010 (UTC)


text:
Wikiversity talk:Education

Is Training education?
 * I would say that it generally is.-- digital  _  me   02:54, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity talk:Education


text:
Cookbook:Pacific Cuisines

 * Cuisine of Australia
 * Cuisine of Chuuk
 * Cuisine of Cook Islands
 * Cuisine of Fiji
 * Cuisine of French Polynesia
 * Cuisine of Guam
 * Cuisine of Hawaii
 * Cuisine of Kiribati
 * Cuisine of Marshall Islands
 * Cuisine of Nauru
 * Cuisine of New Caledonia
 * Cuisine of New Zealand (Aotearoa)
 * Cuisine of Niue
 * Cuisine of Northern Mariana Islands
 * Cuisine of Norfolk Island
 * Cuisine of Palau
 * Cuisine of Papua New Guinea
 * Cuisine of Pitcairn
 * Cuisine of Solomon Islands
 * Cuisine of Tonga
 * Cuisine of Tuvalu
 * Cuisine of Tokelau
 * Cuisine of Samoa
 * Cuisine of Vanuatu
 * Cuisine of Wallis and Futuna Islands

title: Cookbook:Pacific Cuisines


text:
abonman

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) subscription, prepayment

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) subscription

title: abonman


text:
User:Inisheer/Books/Peacekeeping

Peacekeeping

 * List of United Nations peacekeeping missions
 * Bangladesh UN Peacekeeping Force
 * Force Mobile Reserve
 * Latin American involvement in international peacekeeping
 * Standby High-Readiness Brigade
 * Timeline of United Nations peacekeeping missions
 * United Nations peacekeeping missions involving Pakistan
 * United Nations Safe Areas
 * Peacekeeping
 * United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad
 * United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur
 * Second United Nations Emergency Force
 * United Nations Emergency Force
 * United Nations General Assembly Resolution 377
 * United Nations Observer Mission to Verify the Referendum in Eritrea
 * United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea
 * United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau
 * United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in Guinea-Bissau
 * United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire
 * United Nations Mission in Liberia
 * United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia
 * MINUSCA
 * MISCA
 * United Nations Operation in Mozambique
 * United Nations Transition Assistance Group
 * Operation Sangaris
 * United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone
 * United Nations Observer Mission Uganda–Rwanda
 * United Nations Flight 544 shootdown
 * United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire
 * United Nations Mission in South Sudan
 * United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali
 * United Nations Support Mission in Libya
 * United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara
 * United Nations Operation in the Congo
 * United Nations Angola Verification Mission I
 * United Nations Angola Verification Mission II
 * United Nations Operation in Somalia I
 * United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda
 * United Nations Operation in Somalia II
 * United Nations Angola Verification Mission III
 * MONUA
 * United Nations Operation in Burundi
 * MONUSCO
 * United Nations Mission in Sudan
 * ONUCA and ONUSAL
 * United Nations Mission in Haiti
 * MINUGUA
 * United Nations Temporary Executive Authority
 * United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan
 * FCU UNTAC
 * United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia
 * United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan
 * United Nations Mission in East Timor
 * United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor
 * United Nations Mission of Support to East Timor
 * United Nations Integrated Mission in East Timor
 * United Nations Protection Force
 * United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
 * United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia
 * United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * United Nations Preventive Deployment Force
 * United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium
 * United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka
 * United Nations Yemen Observation Mission
 * United Nations Iran–Iraq Military Observer Group
 * United Nations Iraq–Kuwait Observation Mission
 * United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria
 * United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei
 * United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti
 * United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan
 * United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan
 * United Nations Truce Supervision Organization
 * United Nations Disengagement Observer Force
 * United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
 * United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus
 * United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo
 * United Nations peacekeeping

title: User:Inisheer/Books/Peacekeeping


text:
User:Zumas-45

Thanks for this informative site, it helps to find good ways to make articles.

-harald

www.kitchenshopdeals.com

title: User:Zumas-45


text:
User:Whroberts1411/Books/Immunology

An Introduction

 * Cells of the Immune System
 * White blood cell
 * Lymphocyte
 * B cell
 * T cell
 * T helper cell
 * Cytotoxic T cell
 * Natural killer cell
 * Immune system
 * Fc receptor
 * Epitope

 * Immunoglobulins
 * Immunoglobulin superfamily
 * Immunoglobulin light chain
 * Immunoglobulin heavy chain
 * Immunoglobulin A
 * Immunoglobulin D
 * Immunoglobulin E
 * Immunoglobulin G
 * Immunoglobulin M
 * Immunoglobulin class switching

 * Complement System and MHC
 * Complement system
 * Major histocompatibility complex
 * MHC class I
 * MHC class II

title: User:Whroberts1411/Books/Immunology


text:
Person to Person (Mildred Anderson album)

Person to Person is the debut album by jazz vocalist Mildred Anderson featuring saxophonist Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis' working group with organist Shirley Scott recorded in 1960 and released on the Bluesville label.

Reception
AllMusic reviewer Scott Yanow stated: "this set is worth checking out if quite obscure". Chris Smith wrote in The Penguin Guide to Blues Recordings: "her pitch is sometimes uncertain and her interpretations are anonymous, neither sweet enough for ballads nor salty enough for blues."

Track listing

 * 1) "I'm Gettin' 'Long Alright" (Bobby Sharp, Charles Singleton) – 2:44
 * 2) "I'm Free" (Singleton) – 4:57
 * 3) "Don't Deceive Me (Please Don't Go)" (Chuck Willis) – 4:33
 * 4) "Hello Little Boy" (Mildred Anderson) – 3:47
 * 5) "Person to Person" (Wally Gold) – 3:07
 * 6) "Cool Kind of Poppa" (Anderson) – 2:57
 * 7) "Kidney Stew Blues" (Leona Blackman, Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson) – 3:50
 * 8) "I Didn't Have a Chance" (Curry) – 4:45

Personnel

 * Mildred Anderson – vocals
 * Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis – tenor saxophone
 * Shirley Scott – organ
 * George Duvivier – bass
 * Arthur Edgehill – drums


text:
Portal:Mathematics

One could learn the following topics in the following order, although it is also possible to skip certain courses according to one's interests. These courses are also the most commonly found courses in a mathematics undergraduate concentration in English-speaking universities. However, universities will differ in their course titles and content, so that there is no universal list of undergraduate courses.

 * 1) Arithmetic (no prerequisites)
 * 2) Algebra and Geometry (requires arithmetic)
 * 3) Discrete Mathematics (requires algebra)
 * 4) Introductory Statistics (requires algebra)
 * 5) Calculus 1 (requires algebra and geometry)
 * 6) Linear Algebra (requires algebra and geometry)
 * 7) Calculus 2 (requires calculus 1)
 * 8) Differential Equations (requires calculus 2 and linear algebra)
 * 9) Calculus 3 (requires calculus 2 and linear algebra)
 * 10) Mathematical Statistics (requires calculus 3)
 * 11) Mathematical Logic (requires discrete math)
 * 12) Modern Analysis (requires calculus 1 and linear algebra)
 * 13) Modern Algebra (requires discrete mathematics)
 * 14) Set Theory (requires discrete mathematics)
 * 15) Number Theory (requires discrete mathematics)
 * 16) Complex Analysis (requires modern analysis)
 * 17) General Topology (requires modern analysis)
 * 18) Combinatorics (requires discrete mathematics)
 * 19) Differential Geometry
 * 20) Partial Differential Equations
 * 21) Measure and Integration Theory (requires modern analysis)
 * 22) Functional Analysis (requires measure and integration theory)
 * 23) Probability Theory (requires modern analysis and mathematical statistics)
 * 24) Algebraic Topology

title: Portal:Mathematics


text:
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Calebb12055/Archive

Suspected sockpuppets

Evidence of edits made on Cool_Water_(perfume) suggest a strong sockpuppet or meatpuppet involvement in vandalism; all accounts/ips in question ceased vandalism on reaching a few warnings.

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cool_Water_(perfume)&oldid=972632686 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cool_Water_(perfume)&oldid=972632643 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cool_Water_(perfume)&oldid=972632527 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cool_Water_(perfume)&oldid=972632255 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cool_Water_(perfume)&oldid=972632087 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cool_Water_(perfume)&oldid=972631998 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cool_Water_(perfume)&oldid=972631656 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cool_Water_(perfume)&oldid=972631195 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cool_Water_(perfume)&oldid=972631107 ♥ Melody ♥ 04:57, 13 August 2020 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * The accounts are ❌, but have been blocked for other reasons. ST47 (talk) 07:35, 17 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Yanovo, Altai Krai

Yanovo (Яново) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Yanovsky Selsoviet, Zarinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 452 as of 2013. There are 9 streets.

Geography
Yanovo is located 41 km northeast of Zarinsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kamenushka is the nearest rural locality.

title: Yanovo, Altai Krai


text:
Template talk:InterlingualMainNavEn

This template has four versions as of 2 December 2006. Each corresponds to Wikiversity versions that have established subdomains. Other languages are still in Beta but will be added.

Versions:
 * InterlingualMainNavEn
 * InterlingualMainNavDe
 * InterlingualMainNavEs
 * InterlingualMainNavFr
 * ...betas

 * I thought the German equivalent of Colloquium is de:wikiversity:cafeteria.--Hillgentleman|User talk 05:37, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi, I corrected the link to Cafeteria in the above 4 templates and also in the German template here. --Erkan Yilmaz 11:23, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

title: Template talk:InterlingualMainNavEn


text:
Physics Study Guide/Sound

Sound is defined as mechanical sinosodial vibratory longitudinal impulse waves which oscillate the pressure of a transmitting medium by means of adiabatic compression and decompression consequently resulting in the increase in the angular momentum and hence rotational kinetic energy of the particles present within the transmitting medium producing frequencies audible within hearing range, that is between the threshold of audibility and the threshold of pain on a Fletchford Munson equal loudness contour diagram.

Intro
When two glasses collide, we hear a sound. When we pluck a guitar string, we hear a sound.

Different sounds are generated from different sources. Generally speaking, the collision of two objects results in a sound.

Sound does not exist in a vacuum; it travels through the materials of a medium. Sound is a longitudinal wave in which the mechanical vibration constituting the wave occurs along the direction of the wave's propagation.

The velocity of sound waves depends on the temperature and the pressure of the medium. For example, sound travels at different speeds in air and water. We can therefore define sound as a mechanical disturbance produced by the collision of two or more physical quantities from a state of equilibrium that propagates through an elastic material medium.

=Sound=

The amplitude is the magnitude of sound pressure change within a sound wave. Sound amplitude can be measured in pascals (Pa), though its more common to refer to the sound (pressure) level as Sound intensity(dB,dBSPL,dB(SPL)), and the perceived sound level as Loudness(dBA, dB(A)). Sound intensity is flow of sound energy per unit time through a fixed area. It has units of watts per square meter. The reference Intensity is defined as the minimum Intensity that is audible to the human ear, it is equal to 10-12 W/m2, or one picowatt per square meter. When the intensity is quoted in decibels this reference value is used. Loudness is sound intensity altered according to the frequency response of the human ear and is measured in a unit called the A-weighted decibel (dB(A), also used to be called phon).

The Decibel
The decibel is not, as is commonly believed, the unit of sound. Sound is measured in terms of pressure. However, the decibel is used to express the pressure as very large variations of pressure are commonly encountered. The decibel is a dimensionless quantity and is used to express the ratio of one power quantity to another. The definition of the decibel is $$10\cdot \log_{10}\left(\frac{x}{x_0}\right)$$, where x is a squared quantity, ie pressure squared, volts squared etc. The decibel is useful to define relative changes. For instance, the required sound decrease for new cars might be 3 dB, this means, compared to the old car the new car must be 3 dB quieter. The absolute level of the car, in this case, does not matter.

Definition of terms
Sample equation: Change in sound intensity Δβ	= β2 - β1 = 10 log(I2/I0) - 10 log(I1/I0) = 10 [log(I2/I0) - log(I1/I0)] = 10 log[(I2/I0)/(I1/I0)] = 10 log(I2/I1) where log is the base-10 logarithm.

Doppler effect
f' is the observed frequency, f is the actual frequency, v is the speed of sound ($$ v=336+0.6T $$), T is temperature in degrees Celsius $$v_0$$ is the speed of the observer, and $$v_s$$ is the speed of the source. If the observer is approaching the source, use the top operator (the +) in the numerator, and if the source is approaching the observer, use the top operator (the -) in the denominator. If the observer is moving away from the source, use the bottom operator (the -) in the numerator, and if the source is moving away from the observer, use the bottom operator (the +) in the denominator.

Example problems
A. An ambulance, which is emitting a 400 Hz siren, is moving at a speed of 30 m/s towards a stationary observer. The speed of sound in this case is 339 m/s.

$$f' = 400\,\mathrm{Hz} \left( \frac{339 + 0}{339 - 30} \right)$$

B. An M551 Sheridan, moving at 10 m/s is following a Renault FT-17 which is moving in the same direction at 5 m/s and emitting a 30 Hz tone. The speed of sound in this case is 342 m/s.

$$f' = 30\,\mathrm{Hz} \left( \frac{342 + 10}{342 + 5} \right)$$

title: Physics Study Guide/Sound


text:
1977 NCAA Division I baseball rankings

The following poll makes up the 1977 NCAA Division I baseball rankings. Collegiate Baseball Newspaper published its first human poll of the top 20 teams in college baseball in 1957, and expanded to rank the top 30 teams in 1961.

Collegiate Baseball
''Currently, only the final poll from the 1977 season is available. ''

title: 1977 NCAA Division I baseball rankings


text:
Indonesian/Important Phrases

These are some of the most commonly used words and phrases.

Common phrases
⁂ Click here for more information on Standard Indonesian phonology, how it differs from Standard Malay phonology. Vowel reduction is evident in modern Indonesian phonology due to the influence of Javanese.

Helpful vocabulary for asking about words
When you're trying to find the right word, these can help you ask for suggestions:
 * same → sama
 * almost the same → hampir sama / mirip
 * antonym → lawan kata

If you forget these, you can fall back on: Sinonim and antonim are not common words, but they are easy to remember, many Indonesian speakers understand them, and they can be helpful in your early stages of trying to communicate.
 * sinonim → synonym
 * antonim → antonym

Kata-kata Penting (Important Phrases)
Lost traveller's guide for important phrases.

 * Thank you → Terima kasih
 * Yes → Ya
 * No, not → Tidak (used to negate anything but nouns)
 * No, Not a X → Bukan X (where X is a noun)
 * Sorry → Maaf
 * Excuse me → Permisi
 * Never mind / It's okay → Tidak apa-apa
 * Okay → Baik
 * Please (to let other people pass) → Silahkan
 * Please (to order something) → Tolong
 * Please give me X → Tolong berikan saya X

 * My name is X → Nama saya X
 * I am from Y → Saya dari Y
 * Where is Z? → Di mana Z?
 * Where is X embassy? → Di mana kedutaan X?
 * I lost my passport → Paspor saya hilang (Literally, my passport is lost)
 * Taxi → Taksi (almost the same pronunciation)
 * Where are you going? → Ke mana? (Literally = to where?)
 * To X? → Ke X
 * Turn left → Belok kiri
 * Turn right → Belok kanan
 * Go straight ahead → Lurus (Terus)
 * There / Over there → Di situ

 * What's this/that? → Apa ini/itu? (pointing to something)
 * I want to see it. → Saya mau lihat itu
 * How much? → Berapa?
 * How much is this/that? → Berapa ini/itu?
 * Too expensive → Kemahalan
 * Give me a lower price → Kurang sedikit harganya
 * Cannot → Tidak bisa

Time
These are the words used to deal with almost any situation involving past or future. If neither word is used, it likely means that the action is happening around now.
 * sudah (already)
 * belum (not yet)

title: Indonesian/Important Phrases


text:
Việt Nam Quốc Tự

The Việt Nam Quốc Tự (lit. 'National pagoda of Vietnam') is located on Blvd., District 10 of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The pagoda, seven stories tall, is full of colorful, oversized statues of religious figures. On the first and fifteenth of the month, the pagoda opens up its third and seventh floors to the public. On other days, the second floor is accessible; it features a shrine made up of miniature Buddhas floating against a cloudy sky mural.

The pagoda was built in 1963.

title: Việt Nam Quốc Tự


text:
Dragutin Čermak

Dragutin "Miško" Čermak (Драгутин Мишко Чермак; 12 October 1944 – 12 October 2021) was a Serbian basketball player and coach.

National team career
Čermak represented SFR Yugoslavia at the 1968 Summer Olympics and 1972 Summer Olympics.

Coaching career
After finishing his playing career in 1980, Čermak had coaching stints in Algeria, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, and Jordan among other places.

Personal life
He is a son of Nedeljko Čermak, a well known businessman and president of Partizan Belgrade (1970–1972). Čermak married actress Vesna Malohodžić.

He died on 12 October 2021, his 77th birthday.

title: Dragutin Čermak


text:
Hawaiian cuisine (disambiguation)

Hawaiian cuisine may refer to:

 * Cuisine of Hawaii, the broader food culture of the islands including the fusion of native, immigrant, ethnic, local, and restaurant cuisines within the diverse state of Hawaii.
 * Native Hawaiian cuisine, pre-contact Polynesian cuisine and food eaten by ethnic Hawaiians
 * Hawaii regional cuisine, a distinct fusion style popularized by professional chefs in Hawaii

title: Hawaiian cuisine (disambiguation)


text:
User:Digitalme/Tool2

Instructions on using Interiot's back-up edit counter
This tool does not work with Internet Explorer.

 * 1) Open your user javascript file (most often monobook.js).
 * 2) Edit the page and copy-and-paste the code below.
 * 3) Go to User:Digitalme/Tool2/code.js.
 * 4) Press the "control" and "F5" buttons on your keyboard at the same time (the page will now refresh).
 * 5) Enter your username into the box and choose "submit".
 * 6) Your edit count should appear!

The code
//Interiot's javascript edit counter

document.write(' ');

Troubleshooting

 * The back-up edit counter doesn't seem to currently work with Internet Explorer, although it should be fixed soon. In the meantime, you can get Firefox or ask someone else to check for you.
 * If all you see is a bunch of code, make sure you followed the directions carefully.
 * If you try to count the edits of a user with a lot of edits (4000 or more), your browser might freeze and/or display warnings about the script taking too long. This is because the script, instead of relying on the Toolserver, harvests the data directly from your contribs, which can take a really long time.
 * If you're still experiencing problems, please let w:User:Interiot know.

title: User:Digitalme/Tool2


text:
Talk:Dean White (businessman)

Shelby, Indiana
I'd thought that White was from the little town of Shelby, Indiana, not Crown Point, as it says in this article. See:. Xenophon777 16:04, 2 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Looks like he was born in Norfolk, Nebraska. Edwardx (talk) 09:55, 7 September 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Dean White (businessman). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131203005503/http://posttrib.suntimes.com/news/lake/10492741-418/whiteco-gives-1-million-to-romney-super-pac.html to http://posttrib.suntimes.com/news/lake/10492741-418/whiteco-gives-1-million-to-romney-super-pac.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:21, 26 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dean White (businessman)


text:
perbacco

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬

Interjection

 * 1) by Jove!, good heavens!
 * 2) gee, blast, blimey, crikey

title: perbacco


text:
Talk:David Rees Snell

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on David Rees Snell. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150406061326/http://jenkleinbooks.com/2011/08/25/snellinterview/ to http://jenkleinbooks.com/2011/08/25/snellinterview/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:52, 6 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Rees Snell


text:
User:Ltblood/Books/intelll

 * 1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system
 * 1st Air Base Group
 * ACEVAL/AIMVAL
 * Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement
 * Administration for Security and Counterintelligence
 * Administrative Department of Security
 * Administrative Review Board
 * Agencia Nacional de Inteligencia
 * Air Force Intelligence Directorate
 * Air Forces of the United States
 * Air Intelligence (Pakistan)
 * Ameripol
 * Area of responsibility
 * Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Technology Application
 * Atma Jayaram
 * Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment
 * Base Realignment and Closure
 * Berry Amendment
 * Black project
 * Bureau of Investigation and Statistics
 * Bureau of National Investigations
 * Caspian Guard Initiative
 * Central Intelligence Office
 * Central Intelligence Organisation
 * Centro de Investigación y Seguridad Nacional (México)
 * Charge of Quarters
 * Chief Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine
 * CIA's relationship with the United States Military
 * Code of the United States Fighting Force
 * Combat support agency
 * Conscription in the United States
 * Constitution Protection Office (Hungary)
 * COPASIR
 * Cyber Security and Information Systems Information Analysis Center
 * Cyberwarfare in the United States
 * DD Form 214
 * DEFCON
 * Defence Intelligence Fusion Centre
 * Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act
 * Defense Intelligence Agency
 * Defense Intelligence Community Whistleblower Protection
 * Defense Language Aptitude Battery
 * Defense Production Act
 * Department of Defense container system
 * Department of Defense Discovery Metadata Specification
 * Department of Defense Serum Repository
 * Department of Defense Whistleblower Program
 * Deployable Joint Command and Control
 * Deuxième Bureau (Morocco)
 * DIIA
 * Direction générale de la surveillance du territoire
 * Direction générale des études et de la documentation
 * Directive 5120.36
 * Directorate of Intelligence (Ireland)
 * DoD New Media
 * DoDAAC
 * DODGE (satellite)
 * DOTMLPF
 * Dulles–Jackson–Correa Report
 * Département du Renseignement et de la Sécurité
 * EMERGCON
 * Energy usage of the United States military
 * Estonian Internal Security Service
 * EU Intelligence Analysis Centre (EU INTCEN)
 * European Infrastructure Consolidation
 * Federal Stock Number
 * Force Protection Condition
 * Foreign Language Proficiency Pay
 * Future Immersive Training Environment
 * General Directorate of General Security
 * General Intelligence Directorate (Egypt)
 * General Intelligence Directorate (Jordan)
 * General Security Directorate (Syria)
 * Geopolitical Monitor
 * Georgian Intelligence Service
 * Government Accountability Office investigations of the Department of Defense
 * Guantanamo Bay files leak
 * High Year Tenure
 * History of civil affairs in the United States Armed Forces
 * Homeland Security (Egypt)
 * Host Based Security System
 * Huffman v. Office of Personnel Management
 * HURCON
 * Information and Security Service of the Republic of Moldova
 * Információs Hivatal
 * Insignia of Chaplain Schools in the US Military
 * Intelligence agency
 * Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
 * Intelligence-Security Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * Internal Security Service
 * Israel–United States military relations
 * JASON (advisory group)
 * Joint Capabilities Integration Development System
 * Joint capability areas
 * Joint Chiefs of Staff
 * Joint Fires Integration and Interoperability Team (JFIIT)
 * Joint force air component commander
 * Joint Force Land Component Commander
 * Joint Force Maritime Component Commander
 * Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization
 * Joint Integrated Air and Missile Defense Organization
 * Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System
 * Kazakh National Security
 * Key Performance Parameters
 * KHAD
 * Law Enforcement Intelligence Unit
 * Lebanese State Security
 * Lebanese–Syrian Security Apparatus
 * LERTCON
 * Level of Repair Analysis
 * List of defunct intelligence agencies
 * List of intelligence agencies
 * List of NATO Supply Classification Groups
 * List of U.S. Department of Defense code names
 * List of United States defense contractors
 * List of United States military bases
 * Metropolitan Educational Enterprises
 * Military accessions vital to national interest
 * Military advisor
 * Military Auxiliary Radio System
 * Military budget of the United States
 * Military intelligence and reconnaissance (Egypt)
 * Military Interdepartmental Purchase Request
 * Military OneSource
 * Military Operations Research Society
 * Military Order of the Carabao
 * Military Security Agency
 * MilSuite
 * Minerva Initiative
 * Ministry for National Security (Turkmenistan)
 * Ministry of National Security of Azerbaijan
 * Missile defense
 * Mission Need Statement
 * Mitre Corporation
 * Moral waiver
 * Mossad
 * Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya
 * Nation Magazine v. United States Department of Defense
 * National Codification Bureau
 * National Cyber Range
 * National Defense Cadet Corps
 * National Directorate of Security
 * National Information Assurance Certification and Accreditation Process
 * National Intelligence and Security Service
 * National Intelligence Organization (Papua New Guinea)
 * National Intelligence Secretariat (Ecuador)
 * National Intelligence Service (Greece)
 * National Intelligence Service (Peru)
 * National Network for Manufacturing Innovation
 * National Personnel Records Center
 * National Security Agency (Bahrain)
 * National Security Agency (Montenegro)
 * National Security Bureau (Slovakia)
 * National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 * National Security Service (Armenia)
 * National Security Service (Uzbekistan)
 * Naval Air Station Patuxent River
 * Naval Intelligence (Pakistan)
 * NCOW
 * Near-infrared signature management technology
 * Net-Centric Enterprise Services
 * Office of Foreign Relations and Information
 * Office of Special Affairs
 * Organizational structure of the United States Department of Defense
 * Output budgeting
 * Pentagon military analyst program
 * Pentagon rapid response operation
 * Permanent Joint Board on Defense
 * Personnel of the United States Navy
 * Political Security Directorate
 * Presidential Policy Directive 19
 * Private intelligence agency
 * Project 100,000
 * Project Camelot
 * Project Hindsight
 * Project SHAD
 * Proxy board
 * Public affairs (military)
 * Qatar State Security
 * RAND Corporation
 * Real-Time Automated Personnel Identification System
 * REDCON
 * Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces
 * Schlesinger Report
 * Science, Mathematics, And Research For Transformation (SMART) Defense Scholarship Program
 * Secretary of Defense Employer Support Freedom Award
 * Secure Electronic Registration and Voting Experiment
 * Security agency
 * Security and Intelligence Division
 * Security Control of Air Traffic and Air Navigation Aids
 * Security Information Agency
 * Security Information Service
 * Security Service of Ukraine
 * Service number (United States Armed Forces)
 * Servicemembers Civil Relief Act
 * Shamsur Rahman Kallu
 * Shelf Life Extension Program
 * Slovenská informačná služba
 * Služba za istraživanje i dokumentaciju
 * Space-A travel
 * Special access program
 * Special Detective Unit
 * State defense force
 * State Guard Association of the United States
 * State Intelligence Service
 * State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus
 * Structure of the United States Armed Forces
 * Survivable Low Frequency Communications System
 * Systems Engineering and Technical Assistance
 * TACAMO
 * TACSOP
 * TACTIC (military program)
 * Tactical Ground Intercept Facility
 * Task Force for Business and Stability Operations
 * The Intelligence Summit
 * TranSecur
 * Transition to and from Hostilities
 * U.S. military response during the September 11 attacks
 * U.S. Military UAV tier system
 * Uniformed services of the United States
 * Unit 8200
 * Unit Identification Code
 * United States Air Force
 * United States Armed Forces
 * United States Armed Forces oath of enlistment
 * United States Department of Defense
 * United States Department of the Air Force
 * United States Department of the Army
 * United States Department of the Navy
 * United States House Committee on Armed Services
 * United States military deployments
 * United States military nuclear incident terminology
 * United States Senate Committee on Armed Services
 * United States Strategic Communication
 * United States Uniformed Services Oath of Office
 * United States Uniformed Services Privilege and Identification Card
 * United States Volunteers
 * Uprava za obaveštajno izvidjačke poslove
 * Vismod
 * Weapons Systems Evaluation Group
 * White Sands Test Center
 * Whiz Kids (Department of Defense)
 * WINDSAT
 * Worldwide Military Command and Control System
 * Z-Division

title: User:Ltblood/Books/intelll


text:
User:Gluzinski

My first article for Wikipedia is about my great uncle,, whom I never met. I am a journalist and will be putting this together in the neutral style with the help of classical music professionals and scholars. Even though I am the primary author and editor at this moment, I can ensure that this article will be written factually and without promotional bias.

title: User:Gluzinski


text:
Duncan Goldfinch

Duncan Alexander Macarthur Goldfinch (20 September 1888 – 1960) was a South Australian painter, noted for his watercolours of Central Australia.

History
Duncan was born in the Sydney suburb of St Marys the eldest son of Elizabeth M. Goldfinch, née King (1867–1933) and her husband Henry Edward Goldfinch (ca.1854 – 7 June 1939), a retired Royal Navy officer. Elizabeth was born at Elizabeth Farm a granddaughter of both Governor King and Hannibal H. Macarthur.

He joined Dalgety & Co at age 16 as a junior clerk, and became a salesman for their Ford division. He married in 1911; they lived at Rose Bay and first moved to Adelaide in 1933, but for some years alternated between Rose Bay and Medindie or (later) North Adelaide.

He was a keen amateur painter in watercolours. He joined the Royal South Australian Society of Arts and had his first showing, of four watercolours, at a Society exhibition in 1941, and his first one-man show in 1948.

He made a painting expedition to Hermannsburg with John Goodchild in 1950, and followed this with an expedition to Uluru (then named Ayers Rock) in 1951; he was the first European artist to paint "The Rock" and the Kata Tjuta (then named Mount Olga). He was accompanied by Con Doecke of Strathalbyn, Dick Woods of Mount Crawford, Noel Bantick of Adelaide, Keith Heggarty of Melbourne, and Dr. Ian Darian Smith. The fruits of his expedition when made public the following year, were well received.

He succeeded George Whinnen as president of the Royal South Australian Society of Arts 1950–1953.

His Spirit of Sydney was a finalist for the Wynne Prize in 1957.

Other activities
He was a keen golfer, with the unusual technique (for a right-hander) of putting left-handed.

Family
Duncan married Mary Medora Cowper on 7 March 1911; they had one son, Malcolm (born 6 June 1916)

title: Duncan Goldfinch


text:
Sasabe Port of Entry

The Sasabe, Arizona Port of Entry has been in existence since 1916, and was substantially renovated during the early 1990s. During the renovation, the historic 1930s-era border station, which was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2014, was preserved as office space. Sasabe is the least-trafficked crossing in Arizona.

title: Sasabe Port of Entry


text:
Semrow

Semrow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Harry H. Semrow (1915–1987), American politician and baseball team owner
 * Vanessa Semrow (born 1984), American beauty queen

title: Semrow


text:
14th Bangladesh National Film Awards

The 14th Bangladesh National Film Awards were presented by the Ministry of Information, Bangladesh to felicitate the best of Bangladeshi cinema released in the year 1989. The ceremony took place in Dhaka and awards were given by then president of Bangladesh. The National Film Awards are the only film awards given by the government itself. Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in Dhaka. 1989 was the 14th National Film Awards.

List of winners
This year awards were given in 16 categories. Awards for Best Film was not given in 1989.

title: 14th Bangladesh National Film Awards


text:
Mirny, Zonalny District, Altai Krai

Mirny (Мирный) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Chemrovsky Selsoviet, Zonalny District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 1,487 as of 2013. There are 25 streets.

Geography
Mirny is located 15 km southeast of Zonalnoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novaya Chemrovka is the nearest rural locality.

title: Mirny, Zonalny District, Altai Krai


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Letting Go (Body of Proof)

Letting Go (Body of Proof)
Created/expanded by M.Mario (talk). Self nom at 16:30, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * ... that Body of Proof episode "Letting Go" aired on Sunday, 3 April 2011, instead of the normal timeslot of a Tuesday, however this resulted in significant lower ratings?

 * Symbol question.svg Article has been created within the last five days. However, I do not see a citation for the hook - the source only confirms the Sunday date, not the lower rating due to it. I'll suggest this alternate hook:

 * ALT1 ... that the Body of Proof episode "Letting Go" aired on Sunday, April 3, 2011, outside the series' usual Tuesday timeslot?

Its keeps the interesting hook while omitting the unsourced information.  Toa   Nidhiki05  17:37, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Agreed, looks good, Thanks — M.Mario  (T/C) 17:49, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Symbol confirmed.svg Alright, passed!  Toa   Nidhiki05  18:10, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Symbol possible vote.svg Pulled back from prep areas per discussion at WT:DYK, in which the consensus is that the hook is not interesting and thus inappropriate for DYK. A new, truly interesting hook needs to be found. BlueMoonset (talk) 02:10, 21 July 2012 (UTC)

 * ALT2 Symbol question.svg  ... that the Body of Proof episode "Letting Go" concerned the murder of an interracial couple in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia? Yngvadottir (talk) 04:33, 21 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I do like the above, and have suggested another at WT:DYK. — M.Mario  (T/C) 12:42, 23 July 2012 (UTC)
 * OK, I think that might pass :-) But you need to have a reference on both bits of the hook - interracial and Fairmount Park - in the text of the article. Either on one sentence saying both things or on two separate sentences. Then use the symbol to call for a re-review here. --Yngvadottir (talk) 12:57, 23 July 2012 (UTC)
 * The reference for the plot supports this quote above, but this suports this. —  M.Mario  (T/C) 13:12, 23 July 2012 (UTC)

- Needs re-reviewing. ALT2 is the proposed hook. — M.Mario  (T/C) 15:51, 23 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting keep.svg The ALT2 hook checks out, except I think it needs to be revised to make it clear that this is not a true story (to avoid defaming Fairmount Park). Something like this:
 * ALT3 ... that the Body of Proof episode "Letting Go" was about the fictional murder of an interracial couple in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia? --Orlady (talk) 17:52, 23 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, that sounds great. — M.Mario  (T/C) 20:06, 23 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I was about to have to be a reluctant ogre here, because the article didn't have the inline source for Fairmount Park that Yngvadottir requested. However, I did find one, and have added it to the article, so I don't have to put the nomination on hold as I was about to do before Google did its thing. BlueMoonset (talk) 01:47, 24 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Portal:Music/Theory

 * Chord Functions
 * Voice Leading
 * Cadences
 * Inversions
 * Non-chord Tones and Arpeggiation
 * Ornaments
 * Form and Structure

title: Portal:Music/Theory


text:
Guitar/Arpeggios and Sweep Picking

Introduction
The word arpeggio (ar-peh-jee-oh) is Italian for "like a harp". It is a common technique for playing chords on the harp. To play an arpeggiated chord on the guitar, pick each note of the chord slowly, one string at a time. You can play arpeggios with a plectrum or fingerstyle.

Exercise 1
Below is a simple arpeggio study using these chords:

Sweep picking
Sweep picking is a more specialized technique, occurring most often in metal. It involves playing a fast arpeggio with a special technique: when switching from one string to the next, mute the note currently ringing by lifting the fretting finger. A sweep can become a rake if notes are muted incorrectly. Rakes can sound nice, but they are not sweeps. Remember only one note can ring out at a time or it won't sound good. It takes practice and it helps to start slow and build up speed.

Below is example tablature of sweep picking:

This is not the only way to notate sweeps. Small sweeps can be indicated with grace notes or even the arpeggio notation with the word "sweep" (or, less correctly, "rake") written above.

In a more classical approach, arpeggios must follow a distinct pattern of notes depending on the chord/scale we're playing. This is similar to playing chords note-by-note on a piano (not on a guitar).

The basic chords (the major and minor triads) are composed of three tones: the first, the third and the fifth note of the scale (major or minor, depending on the chord type).

For instance, the C major scale is: C D E F G A B. So, according to the 1-3-5 principle, the C major triad consists of C, E and G. Note that the C major chord on a guitar also consists only of these three notes but they are not always in the 1-3-5 order. Now, while playing "classical arpeggios", you would not just pick around the chord randomly but you would play C, E, G, then C, E, G an octave higher, etc. This is what is called an arpeggio scale. You can play around it, up and down with complete freedom or just use the 1-3-5 pattern as a bass line. This method can also be used with more complex chords (sus4, maj7, etc.) but then it follows a pattern different from 1-3-5 structure, depending on the chord type. In all, this is a very simple but effective method for composing.

While playing guitar, this might not appear as interesting as picking "full" six-string chords but it can be used to give your music a classical edge. It also has a more lead quality to it than using full chords and requires more skill. Playing fast arpeggios like these is sometimes used in metal music with very satisfactory results. The "classical arpeggios" are in no way better than the "harp like chords" and it is ultimately up to the player/composer to choose what is best for the song in question.

title: Guitar/Arpeggios and Sweep Picking


text:
Taylor Dearden

Taylor Dearden Cranston (born February 12, 1993) is an American actress. She played Ophelia in the MTV show Sweet/Vicious. She also played Chloe Lyman in the second season of the Netflix mockumentary American Vandal.

Early life
Taylor Dearden Cranston was born in Los Angeles, California, on February 12, 1993, the daughter of actor Bryan Cranston and actress Robin Gale Dearden. In 2015, she graduated from the University of Southern California with a BA in theater.

Career
In 2010, Dearden appeared in an episode of Breaking Bad called "No Más". From 2011 to 2016, she appeared in various short films.

From 2013 to 2014, Dearden portrayed the character McKenzie in two seasons of the web series 101 Ways to Get Rejected. The show was created and written by fellow USC student Susie Yankou and was directed by Mike Effenberger.

In 2016, Dearden was cast in the MTV TV show Sweet/Vicious, where she played the character Ophelia Mayer. Written and created by Jennifer Kaytin Robinson, the show was critically acclaimed for its portrayal of campus sexual assault. Despite being beloved by critics, with Dearden's work positively reviewed, it was canceled after one season.

In 2017, Dearden appeared in the film The Last Champion, which stars Cole Hauser as former Olympic wrestler John Wright.

In 2018, Dearden appeared in season two of the Netflix mockumentary American Vandal, where she played the character Chloe Lyman, acting alongside co-stars Tyler Alvarez, Griffin Gluck, and Travis Tope.

title: Taylor Dearden


text:
User:AlecMichaels/sandbox

How to Write a Sports Article
This assignment included writing a set of instructions on how to write a Wikipedia article of a certain genre. In this assignment, we reviewed a featured and good article of the same genre, and had to compare and contrast these. We also looked at other things such as the Featured article criteria, Wikipedia articles, and other sources to help guide us write these set of instructions.

According to Good Article Criteria, Wikipedia articles in general should be well written, and easy to understand. The article must be verifiable with multiple credible sources, including no original research or opinion. The article must be written from a neutral point of view, including no bias. The article should be relatively stable, with not many major unnecessary revisions. The article should be set up in chronological order as the sections follow in the rest of this article.

Lead Section
The lead section of an article introduces main ideas of the article, and helps readers get a broad understanding. This can be completed by strictly focusing on main points in the lead section, and not getting too in-depth about things that are not important. Often, readers use Wikipedia to gain basic information on a topic. The lead section may be all the reader reads; therefore, the lead section must be broad and accurate. As we see in Baseball and American football, the lead section is the first piece of text in the article, located directly above the table of contents box. The average lead section word length for the two articles I examined was 380 words, indicating a good target for the length of lead sections. Another good measure for length of lead sections can be found below. This breaks down how long the lead section should be, according to number of characters the article has. ( lead section )

Table of Contents
This area should be a box under the lead section, which indicates the order of the article's sections and are hyperlinked to each section. According to the Baseball and American football articles, sport articles should have contents of about 12 Section headings, as well as sub-headings. Each section heading needs to be hyperlinked to the section indicated, so the user can click a section in the table of contents and it will take you directly there. This is the case for all Wikipedia articles, making it fairly simple to navigate the article. The table of contents will appear automatically as section headings are added, and involves no manual action. Table of contents boxes are similar throughout almost all Wikipedia articles, as content and number of section headings are usually the only main differences.

Body Sections
Body sections are obviously a big chunk of the article, and they contain every topic that is being discussed throughout the article. The body sections should be well written, stay on task with main ideas, and be full of information. The body sections of such sports articles should contain information really describing background, game-play, and other things that are important to the sport. The Baseball article that I examined had the following headings along with subheadings added in:
 * History
 * Rules and Gameplay
 * Personnel
 * Strategy and Tactics
 * Distinctive Elements
 * Statistics
 * Cultural Impact and Popularity
 * See also section (other Wikipedia articles on the topic)
 * References (in-text number citations)
 * Sources ( Reliable sources used in writing article)
 * Further reading (Related articles or books related to topic)
 * External Links (Other useful resources about topic)

Section Headings
Section headings indicate the subject of each section in the article. When examining my two articles, I counted that each contained 12 headings, which I think is a reasonable amount, all depending on the length and content in the article (Baseball, American Footbal l). These headings will appear in the table of contents in chronological order, as well as throughout the article above each section. Each section header throughout the article will stick out as they are bolded and underlined, and are a bigger font than all other text. The order of body sections can be referenced in the section above on section headings.

Include lots of Media
Sports articles in specific, but all articles should include things like images, videos, info boxes, and other options to enhance viewer experience, and visualize the subject. Images chosen should relate to the article, enhancing viewer comprehension of the subject. Pictures usually have captions below them describing the picture or how it relates to the topic. The two articles that I examined had an average of 16 images throughout that were helping the reader better illustrate what was being said in the text. Another media option that is available is called an info box. Info boxes give a quick snapshot about each sport giving important dates, background information, and more. There is usually only one info box per article, and it is commonly located near the top right of the article, next to the lead section or table of contents. The last major media option that you have is videos. Videos imported can help readers comprehend flow of a game, show a highlight, or special moment in history. The Baseball featured article that I examined included a video in the middle of that demonstrated how to properly swing and bunt; two concepts of baseball. This can really help show how baseball works to someone that is unfamiliar to the sport, or someone that does not know how to play properly.

Reference Section
The Reference section commonly follows the see also section in a Wikipedia article, and contains numeric footnotes relating and giving more information on unfamiliar things used for reference. Each reference should be formatted in the same way, and should move chronologically from beginning to the end of the article. References may repeat through an article, but need a new number each time that they are referenced. This section makes it easy for readers to make sense of and know everything being referenced through the article, resulting in better comprehension.

Citations/Sources
The citations or sources section of the article should be following the reference section, and should include formal citations of all sources used throughout the article. These sources could be pictures, sources used for references, or any other outside source used for information. Every citation in this section should be formally written, as well as correctly and consistently formatted. All sources that are cited should be credible, un-biased sources that are used throughout the article. The two articles I examined had an average of 46 sources, and there should roughly be about one source for every 250 words in an article. (Hence a 10,000 word article would have around 40 sources (10,000/250=40). Credible sources for sports articles can be found on websites like ESPN and YAHOO sports, as well as in publications such as books or rule-books. Credible sources for sports articles are different for most other types of articles, as a credible source can be giving statistics, records, or even a small book containing rules of the game.

Article Length
The article's length all depends on the complexity of the topic, but the article should stay focused on the main topic almost all the way through the article. Going off about things that are not the main topics cause many issues of biased, and opinionated statements. The average word count for the two articles that I examined was about 10,000 words, giving a good target for articles of this type. Article length can depend on the deepness of the topic, what information the article wants to portray, and who the audience is. Overall, article length is subjective; but the article should be a reasonable length so that it covers the broad topics well enough, and does not go too in depth on unnecessary topics.

Lead Section Fix
Original:

'''Business service management or business studies and management (BSM) is an approach used to manage business IT services. BSM promotes a customer-centric and business-focused approach to Service Management, aligning business objectives with IT or ICT from strategy through to operations.'''

'''A BSM approach is most commonly applied in an Information and communications technology (ICT) environment, positioned above IT Service Management (ITSM) (which is often exercised according to guidance such as ITIL). BSM is distinctive in ensuring that business and customer objectives provide an input which is considered when defining the IT Service Management approach and the business services to be offered by the IT Service Provider (whether an internal IT department or an external service provider).'''

According to the 2011 edition of ITIL, business service management is "the management of business services delivered to business customers. Business service management is performed by business units."

'''ITIL, according to the ITIL books themselves, is "a set of best-practice publications for IT service management". ITIL does not, therefore, give guidance on Business Service Management or Service Management outside of the IT domain.'''

'''A BSM approach can be used to understand the impact of business needs on IT Services and infrastructure, helping in the process of planning to ensure the portfolio of Business Services and IT Services aim to support these changing needs and objectives. This approach also helps to understand how technology, including incidents, changes and new developments, impact the business and customers. BSM can provide a dynamic method for linking key service components and capabilities to the goals of the business. It can help prioritize the activity and response of IT staff and service providers based on business priorities, and identify the impact and cost of service outages.'''

'''Advocates of BSM often use it to support a cultural change from one which is very technology-focused to a position which understands and focuses on business objectives and benefits. Rather than supporting an internalized technology view, there is a shift to recognize and support customer needs and the delivery of value to business stakeholders including shareholders. A BSM initiative often underpins a shift in maturity for an IT department or service provider towards a more proactive and predictive operating model rather than the reactive and fire-fighting behavior which has been common in many IT operations. IT departments and Service Providers who reach this level of maturity often report improved relationships with their customers and business colleagues, being recognized as 'Trusted Business Partners' and 'Competent Suppliers' who deliver added business value rather than being considered a commodity or 'Necessary Evil'.'''

The benefits of adopting a BSM approach will vary for different organisations, but typically include: improved relationships with customers, suppliers and colleagues; service quality improvements; cost reductions through improved efficiency; and a reduction in service outages and the impact of outage.

Based on industry best/good practice, standards, guidance and methodologies such as ITIL and ISO/IEC 20000, a BSM approach can [speculation?] ensure ICT departments and Service Providers operate in a more efficient and effective manner to underpin business objectives.

New Lead section:

Business service management or business studies and management (BSM) is an approach used to manage business IT services. BSM promotes a customer-centric and business-focused approach to Service Management, aligning business objectives with IT or ICT from strategy through to operations.

A BSM approach is most commonly applied in an Information and communications technology (ICT) environment, positioned above IT Service Management (ITSM). BSM is distinctive in ensuring that business and customer objectives provide an input which is considered when defining the IT Service Management approach and the business services to be offered by the IT Service Provider (whether an internal IT department or an external service provider). It can also be used to understand the impact of business needs on IT Services and infrastructure, helping in the process of planning to ensure the portfolio of Business Services and IT Services aim to support these changing needs and objectives.

This approach helps to understand how technology, including incidents, changes and new developments, impact the business and customers. BSM can provide a dynamic method for linking key service components and capabilities to the goals of the business. It can help prioritize the activity and response of IT staff and service providers based on business priorities, and identify the impact and cost of service outages.

Many software vendors offer products which aim to support ITSM and/or BSM. These tools are often described as BSM tools, but they should not be seen as BSM in themselves. The tools may underpin and support a service management capability which includes people who execute service management, their portfolio of services and the process framework. BSM, ITSM, and Service Management in general, are not a set of software tools or products

The benefits of adopting a BSM approach will vary for different organisations, but typically include: improved relationships with customers, suppliers and colleagues; service quality improvements; cost reductions through improved efficiency; and a reduction in service outages and the impact of outage.

title: User:AlecMichaels/sandbox


text:
saphenous

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1)  Relating to, or situated near, the saphenous vein.

Translations

 * Catalan: safè
 * French:
 * Italian: safeno

title: saphenous


text:
Talk:Derek Shulman

Shulberry
I don't think, it could be said, the Shulberry was a Ukulele. Not only that a Ukulele usualy has four strings, the Shulberry has no frets at all. Which is because it was used only to play one single open chord in which it was tuned (take a look). Thus it could perform a percussion effect when strumming the strings hard with one hand and immediately stopping them with the other. At least as long as the key did fit the open tuning. I don't think, a Ukulele without frets would be very useful, because of the short scale it would be nearly impossible to grab a propper chord. You only could play single note melodies which wouldn't be very satisfying because of the short sustain of the Ukulele's single notes on the one hand and the low tension of the strings, which makes it hard to compensate the short sustain with a right hand's tremolo like the one used on a mandolin. Therefore the Shulberry, I think, is a percussioninstrument in the shape of a Ukulele. As a Ukulele it would be like a bike beeing constructed without wheels. [I'm no native english speaker - thank You for Your patience!.] --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:27, 2 May 2016 (UTC)

Infobox pic
Can anybody confirm that the infobox pic of the Yale concert does indeed date from 2006? He would have been almost 60 then, and he doesn't look it, though it's possible. --Ef80 (talk) 16:28, 26 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Derek Shulman


text:
2019 World Athletics Championships – Men's 400 metres hurdles

The men's 400 metres hurdles at the 2019 World Athletics Championships was held at the Khalifa International Stadium in Doha from 27 to 30 September 2019.

Summary
Coming into these Championships, only four men had ever run under 47 seconds. While world record holder Kevin Young never officially retired, now at 53 he's largely been a spectator for a couple of decades. The other three have accomplished the feat in less than a year, two this season in the same race. And all three were in Doha setting up a highly anticipated confrontation.

It took 48.93 to make the final. Abdelmalik Lahoulou set the Algerian national record and Alison dos Santos a personal best to get there.

In the final, Rai Benjamin in lane 7 appeared to get a better start, making up the stagger on Lahoulou to his outside, but that may have been deceptive. Down the backstretch, defending champion Karsten Warholm started to take charge. All alone in lane 9, the third of the big 3 Abderrahman Samba, was getting passed by. Through the turn, Warholm held his advantage over Benjamin which revealed to be a full stride coming off the turn. Kyron McMaster looked to be in third place. Benjamin made a run at Warholm down the stretch but stretched for the final hurdle, landing awkwardly and losing momentum and his last opportunity to try to catch Warholm. In front of a home crowd, Samba was able to get past McMaster to take the bronze.

Records
Before the competition records were as follows:

Qualification standard
The standard to qualify automatically for entry was 49.30.

Schedule
The event schedule, in local time (UTC+3), was as follows:

Heats
Qualification: First 4 in each heat (Q) and the next 4 fastest (q) advanced to the semi-finals.

Semi-finals
Qualification: First 2 in each heat (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) advanced to the Final.

Final
The final was started on 30 September at 22:41.


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/eurogold.com.vn

Links

 * eurogold.com.vn resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Users

 * Billinghurst
 * User is whitelisted: User is in trusted groups sysop, checkuser, reviewer on some wikis

Additions

 * Displayed all 4 additions.