text:
Outdoor Survival

Before you go

 * Be ready. Tell people where you are going and how long you will be there before you leave.
 * Bring a survival kit.

In an outdoor survival emergency

 * Do not panic — This can lead to making very bad choices. Sit down and relax or hug a tree. All is not lost — human beings are very resourceful, and many people have survived despite impossible odds. Think of home, family, and loved ones. Calmly take stock of your resources. (Even things like the stuffing in your car seat can save your life by helping to insulate your clothes.
 * Deal with immediate first aid issues.
 * Find a phone — Your next priority is to use a phone if you know for sure where one is.
 * Keep warm — The most important priority in surviving outdoors is keeping warm. Thirst and hunger may kill you over the course of several days, but hypothermia can kill you in minutes. Furthermore, a low body temperature can severely impair your judgment, one of the worst things that can happen in a survival situation.
 * If you are lost and have no idea where to go, stay where you are! The farther you move without knowing where you're going, the harder it will be for searchers to find you. If you must leave the area, leave a note about your plans or at least leave a sign indicating the direction you are traveling. If you don't know which way to go, walk downhill until you find water and then follow the water.
 * Your next order of priorities is shelter, water, signals, and food. (note: fire when possible may be part of keeping warm, purifying water, and signaling)

Contents

 * /Survival Kit/
 * /Shelter/
 * /Water/
 * /Fire/
 * /Signals/
 * /Food/
 * /Preparedness/
 * /Emergency Situations/
 * /First Aid/

Related Wikibooks

 * First Aid

title: Outdoor Survival


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/info.perforce.com

Links

 * info.perforce.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * info.perforce.com is hosted on perforce.com
 * perforce.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Users

 * Widefox
 * User is whitelisted: User is in trusted groups rollbacker, reviewer on some wikis
 * Widefox
 * User is whitelisted: User is in trusted groups rollbacker, reviewer on some wikis
 * User is whitelisted: User is in trusted groups rollbacker, reviewer on some wikis

Additions

 * Displayed all 4 additions.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
enfer

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) Hell
 * 2)  hell (a very uncomfortable situation)
 * 1)  hell (a very uncomfortable situation)

Related terms

 * infernal

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Hell

title: enfer


text:
1918 Camp Perry football team

The 1918 Camp Perry football team represented the sailors of the United States Navy's Puget Sound Naval Shipyard located in Bremerton, Washington, during the 1918 college football season. The team compiled a 2–4 record. The Puget Sound Naval Shipyard was the headquarters of the Thirteenth Naval District.

title: 1918 Camp Perry football team


text:
Telmansky

Telmansky (Тельманский) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Yagotinsky Selsoviet, Blagoveshchensky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 330 as of 2013. There are 3 streets.

Geography
Telmansky is located 31 km west of Blagoveshchenka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Yagotino is the nearest rural locality.

title: Telmansky


text:
processivity

Noun

 * 1)  A measure of the average number of nucleotides added by a DNA polymerase enzyme per association/disassociation with the template.

title: processivity


text:
Talk:Insurance and annuities

This appears to be notes taken on a text on Insurance. What is the intent of this page? I think it's an orphan page. The Jade Knight 04:23, 10 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Appears to be a subsiduary of finance department of the business school. Needs a cleanup though, as it isn't too useful in its current form. Michael Billington (talk • contribs) 01:05, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

Attempted to format notes. Only had time for Chapter 1. May come back later. May not be that good, I'm not experienced in that field. --Comeau 22:42, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

Compare and select different Home owner's insurance
Home is where the heart is! And you would want your home to be the safest haven where you can relax, have fun and enjoy all your free time. Since your home is usually one of the most expensive and worthy assets that you have, you will want to safeguard it with a Home owner's insurance. Here is why Home owner's insurance is so important for every home owner:

1. Your Home insurance will cover all the essentials such as damage, temporary and permanent of your house.

2. Property inside your house is also covered in the home insurance. Thus, your house is covered against theft and burglary too.

3. If required you can get an additional coverage for valuable items in the house such as jewelry, ornaments, etc.

You cans easily get a free home insurance quote on the web or even call a few insurance agents and ask them for quotes. There are several types of policies such as HO -1, HO -2, HO -3, HO -4, HO -5, HO -6, and HO -8. With a little bit of research on the every type of Westchester Home Insurance you can figure out which one most suitable for your house. You may or may not want certain features in the home insurance policy, depending on your requirements you can pick the one you need. Your home insurance agent will help you out with the type of policy you need, and give you quotes accordingly. Many times if you are mortgaging your house, you will need to purchase a home insurance. This has become a mandatory requirement in many countries before taking a mortgage. This ensures that both the owner and lender are safe. The Suffolk Home Owner's Insurance differs from one country to another, so it is good to read about the policies and laws related to home insurance and other policies before you start your hunt. You can ask your insurance agent about the procedure of filing a claim in case you need to, and it is essential to do a background check on the company you purchase the insurance papers from. You want to be sure the company you take a home insurance from, is genuine and trustworthy.

title: Talk:Insurance and annuities


text:
Wikiversity talk:Be bold

Is there a bit of a dissagreement between the "be bold" statement and the "but don't modify this page unless you know you're right" statement attached?

I'm actually thinking it's kind of good that way -- but I'm wondering what people think on this, if people have 'thinked' on this :) Unnr
 * It really comes down to doing whatever you can to improve the page you're editing. And don't be afraid to make big improvements. The nice thing about wikis is that if someone doesn't think you're improvement was an improvement, it can always be modified again. --SB_Johnny | talk 00:23, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I think the biggest problem can be when people start getting bold in areas that consensus needs to be developed before being bold. For example, if someone created an entirely new policy and stated it as official policy.  This could be Wikiversity-wide, or limited to individual Schools or Departments, but otherwise I think we should encourage people to be less bold when it comes to anything not in the name Mainspace.  That means, be somewhat less bold when editing Topic:, Portal:, User:, and Wikiversity: pages.  In these cases, it might be better to talk before being bold.  The Jade Knight 06:49, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

I'm not sure that the phrase "add a new perspective" helps the goal to keep edits unbiased and impersonal. Thoughts? -Linelor
 * I'm not sure we need to construct a division between1) staying open to editors who "add a new perspective" to wiki pages and2) trying to be unbiased.It just takes a bit of effort to stay open to multiple perspectives and judge them on their merits. Also, in some learning activities it is constructive to adopt a single or a biased perspective. Some teachers have at times told students to adopt a bias and then as an exercise the class explores the implications of doing so. At the end of the exercise, the teacher reveals what was going on and the class is in position to recognize the dangers of uncritically adopting a single point of view. In other cases, learners might explore a "personal" point of view that is unpopular and condemned by authorities....and eventually that "personal" point of view might become widely recognized as being better than previous conventional points of view.--JWSchmidt 16:22, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

 * "don't modify this page unless you know you're right" - This is unreasonable; in science, we can never know for sure that we are right. "Just make sure that you know what you are doing" is more sensible.
 * Some "major changes" are harder to revert than others: one big change to a page is easy to revert;  small changes to dozens or even hundreds of pages takes time (or machine) to revert.
 * The flip side of "be bold" is: don't be surprised or upset if you make a structural change or one that affects others and it is reverted. Hillgentleman|Talk 01:48, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

The Bold SHARUL
In a bold move, SHARUL added the following passage to the Official Policy on Being Bold...

el:Βικιεπιστήμιο:Έχετε θάρρος SHARUL 14:15, 23 August 2008 (UTC)my name is SHARUL.it would better if learners are allowed to become active members of this prestigious instituition through membership.i therefore entreat all and sundry to come on board and make this a great success to project us forward.

Here is the English translation of the Greek page, el:Βικιεπιστήμιο:Έχετε θάρρος ...

Vikiepistimio: Have courage From Vikiepistimio

Be bold!

The community Vikiepistimiou considers it necessary by users not to hesitate in processing pages. The wiki expand faster when many correct problems, correct grammatical errors, add elements, ensure the accuracy of grafomenon etc. Everyone must be bold and this is what we all expect. How many times you read something and skeftikate "because it is not corrected these pages?" Vikiepistimio not merely allows but asks you to add, to correct and edit the page himself. We need some courtesy, but it works. We will see.

If someone wrote a poor-quality text, a text of a sentence, or simply something meaningless, do not worry about feelings. Correct, you add to it, and if it is a waste of time, replace it with a good text. This is the essence of a wiki.

And of course, other users with courage and ruthlessly will draw what you wrote. Do not take it personally. And they, like all of us, simply want to do Vikiepistimio as best as possible.

Moulton 14:45, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

A different way of looking at being bold
I think there could be the comparison that being bold is like vandalizing WV except you don't get blocked. I think getting blocked is what happens to vandals. But, in the sense that vandalism can be fixed. So if vandalism can be fixed then there is really no way you can break WV by editing it normally. I think if this was pointed out then be bold could be a little more effective. I think a reason people are not bold is just the simple fear that their change will be criticized or they will make a "mistake" and look like a fool. --Devourer09 00:55, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

being bold works even better with...

 * ... a good edit summary, Erkan Yilmaz uses the Chat (try) 00:50, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
 * ... a little discussion - if your change would affect the way other people uses wikiversity. Hillgentleman|Talk 01:51, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

Wikipedia vs Wikiversity
In my researches [Jarrokam] I have come across some very imaginative articles that depart from the mainstream of accepted scientific consensus. I do not object to these per se I just wish they might be moved from the Wikipedia to the Wikiversity, as I think that is the more appropriate forum. I believe that these articles have been developed by participants who were unaware of the University format. A generation from now it might be an important distinction as the internet becomes overwhelmingly the most significant portion of the cultural gestalt passed from one generation to the next.

At present, everyone knows that wikipedia information is just a quick inventory of what's immediate and must be verified from 'reliable' sources but - this is quickly changing! Thoughts? Anyone? Jarrokam 19-02-2016

 * Wikiversity appears to be a place where we can think through topics together. There doesn't have to be an end product that is published/finished. It can be a permanent work-in-progress. KNik 9/27/19

Being Bold
Being bold may be hard, if you are not used to editing others! --Kendrauhe (discuss • contribs) 13:37, 12 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity talk:Be bold


text:
Patrick Müller (shot putter)

Patrick Müller (born 4 February 1996) is a German male shot putter who won two individual gold medal at the Youth World Championships.

title: Patrick Müller (shot putter)


text:
Belltown, Polk County, Tennessee

Belltown is an unincorporated community in Polk County, in the U.S. state of Tennessee.

A large share of Belltown's original inhabitants had the surname Bell, hence the name.

title: Belltown, Polk County, Tennessee


text:
Plodosovkhoz

Plodosovkhoz (Плодосовхоз) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Volchikhinsky Selsoviet, Volchikhinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 148 as of 2013. There are 3 streets.

Geography
Plodosovkhoz is located 6 km southwest of Volchikha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Volchikha is the nearest rural locality.

title: Plodosovkhoz


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Honey blunt

The result was Merge pschemp | talk 05:21, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Honey blunt
This article reads more like a "how to" than an encyclopedia article. My first thought was to merge the content with Blunt (cigar) but I'd rather the article go through AfD instead, and get a consensus on deletion, merge, or keep.-- K O  S |  talk  03:08, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge if the subject is a real thing; this just seems so odd. --  tariq abjotu  (joturner) 03:53, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge, if possible. The article is small, and half of it is a how-to guide. I don't see it expanding anytime soon, so I think merging is the best option.-- §hanel  04:19, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge per above and redirect. -JCarriker 05:40, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge —  per above Chris Griswold 07:25, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge would be the best option seeing as it is a type of 'blunt' cigar. --Ali K 07:48, 11 August 2006 (UTC)


text:
Knoop

Knoop is a Dutch and Low German surname. Meaning "knot" and "button", it may have a metonymic origin referring to button maker. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Abe Knoop (born 1963), Dutch football goalkeeper and goalkeeping coach
 * Anneliese Knoop-Graf (1921–2009), German non-fiction writer
 * Bobby Knoop (born 1938), American baseball player
 * (born 1936), German contemporary painter and sculptor
 * (born 1934), Belgian politician and Government Minister
 * Franz Knoop (1875–1946), German biochemist
 * Frederick Knoop (1878–1943), American metallurgist
 * Knoop hardness test, a microhardness test for very brittle materials developed by him
 * Gerhard Knoop (1920–2009), Norwegian actor, stage producer and theatre director
 * (1861–1913), German novelist
 * (born 1943), Dutch journalist
 * Johann Knoop (1846–1882), Russian collector of musical instruments ("Baron Knoop"), son of Ludwig
 * (1706–1769), German-born Dutch gardener and pomologist
 * Johannes Knoops (born c.1970), American architect
 * Ludwig Knoop (1821–1894), German cotton merchant and businessman
 * (1853–1931), German folklorist and collector of fairy tales
 * (born 1953), American race car driver
 * Savannah Knoop (born c.1980), half-sister of the partner of American writer Laura Albert (JT LeRoy)
 * Willem Jan Knoop (1811–1894), Dutch lieutenant-general, military historian, and politician

title: Knoop


text:
Talk:David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley

pronunciation
An IPA rendering would be helpful.

FYO, it's "chumley", with the emphasis on the first syllable and the u pronounced as in "plum". Why can't they write that? To answer that, I guess you have to go back into the word's history and origins; I think they're Norman. Viewfinder 18:56, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140621183548/http://www.imdb.com/ to http://www.imdb.com/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:08, 7 December 2016 (UTC)

"Sexism"
A recent anonymous contributor made two minor alterations to the article on the grounds of "sexism": firstly, the father's name given first is standard in reference works, he usually being the source of the individual's surname- forms such as "X and his wife Y (née Z/ daughter of Z) are commonly encountered; secondly, formulations such as "X is son of Y and his wife Z" are intended merely to indicate that the parents are married; admittedly in this case, the fact that his mother is "Marchioness of Cholmondeley" clearly indicates her to be the wife of the Marquess, but the use of such a formulation need not be taken as some form of sinister patriarchal attack on the value of women.
 * Ridiculous. Hey, dear Brittons: is that Your only problem nowadays ? Really ? :-) Best regards from Europe !

Titles and styles
As per Debrett's (regardless of edition), the eldest son of a Marquess receives his father's highest subsidiary title which does not by itself include the same territorial designation. The 7th Marquess' father, Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess, thus received the courtesy title of "Earl of Rocksavage" when his father, the George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess, assumed the Marquessate. As such, the 7th Marquess recieved the courtesy title of Viscount Malpas, as the eldest son of the eldest son of a Marquess receives his grandfather's 2nd highest subsidiary title which does not include the same territorial designation or surname as his father's courtesy title. This is all governed by family tradition.

The London Gazette lists David Cholmondeley, after the 6th Marquess assumed the Marquessate, as "David George Philip, Earl of Rocksavage", which is known to mean that the person named is not indeed the Earl of Rocksave but rather the holder of it by courtesy, as it would otherwise say "David George Philip, The Earl of Rocksavage", or "David George Philip, Xth Earl of Rocksavage", or simply "(The Rt Hon) The Earl of Rocksave", which it does not.

Furthermore, the Gazette lists David Choldmondeley, now the 7th Marquess, as The Most Honourable David George Philip, Marquess of Cholmondeley, which translates to The Most Honourable The Marquess of Cholmondeley as per form of address rules.

Thus, his titles, were, in order, Viscount Malpas (since birth), Earl of Rocksavage (from the moment his father assumed the Marquessate of Cholmondeley), and later The Marquess of Cholmondeley (in his own right). MaximusWikipedian (talk) 15:06, 25 September 2021 (UTC)

Pegging
Is no-one going to mention that the friendship between the Marchioness and Prince William goes deeper than expected? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:50, 30 July 2022 (UTC)

Outdated photo
Would be good to have a more recent photo for the top of the article Lena Key (talk) 16:22, 13 April 2023 (UTC)


text:
2019 Roscommon Senior Football Championship

The 2019 Roscommon Senior Football Championship is the 119th edition of the Roscommon GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior clubs in County Roscommon, Ireland. 12 teams compete, with the winner representing Roscommon in the Connacht Senior Club Football Championship. The championship starts with a group stage and then progresses to a knock out stage.

Clann na nGael were the defending champions after they defeated St. Brigid's in the 2018 final to claim their 21st S.F.C. crown.

This was Fuerty's debut in the top flight of Roscommon football after claiming the 2018 I.F.C. title.

St. Faithleach's were defeated by St. Croan's in their Relegation Final and so were relegated back to the I.F.C. for 2020 after spending 17 seasons in Roscommon football's top-flight (since their last I.F.C. title in 2002).

On 20 October 2019 Padraig Pearses won their first ever championship title on when defeating Roscommon Gaels 2-10 to 1-10 in the final at Dr. Hyde Park.

Championship Structure Change Proposals
In 2019:

 * Teams shall drawn randomly into three groups of four teams.

Team Changes
The following teams have changed division since the 2018 championship season.

To S.F.C.
Promoted from I.F.C.
 * Fuerty -  (Intermediate Champions)

From S.F.C.
Relegated to I.F.C.
 * Castlerea St. Kevin's

Group stage
There are three groups of four teams called Group A, B and C. The 1st and 2nd placed teams in Groups A, B and C automatically qualify for the quarter-finals. One third placed team from one of the three groups will receive a bye into the quarter-finals in an open draw. The remaining two 3rd placed teams will meet in a Quarter-Final Play-Off to determine the team that completes the quarter-finals lineup. The 4th placed teams will proceed to the Relegation Play-Off to determine which team will suffer relegation.

Each team has home advantage in one round, plays away in another before a neutral venue is for another round.

Group A
Round 1
 * Elphin 1-14, 0-14 St. Brigid's, 17/8/2019,
 * Fuerty 1-13, 0-8 St. Croan's, 17/8/2019,

Round 2
 * St. Brigid's 0-10, 0-10 Fuerty, 23/8/2019,
 * St. Croan's 3-9, 1-12 Elphin, 25/8/2019,

Round 3
 * St. Brigid's 3-24, 4-7 St. Croan's, Dr. Hyde Park, 7/9/2019,
 * Fuerty 1-15, 1-15 Elphin, Strokestown, 7/9/2019,

Group B
Round 1
 * Roscommon Gaels 2-10, 0-8 Strokestown, Elphin, 17/8/2019,
 * Michael Glavey's 3-5, 1-10 St. Faithleach's, Fuerty, 17/8/2019,

Round 2
 * St. Faithleach's 2-7, 0-17 Roscommon Gaels, 24/8/2019,
 * Michael Glavey's 0-12, 1-9 Strokestown, 25/8/2019,

Round 3
 * Strokestown 2-12, 0-13 St. Faithleach's, 8/9/2019,
 * Roscommon Gaels 2-13, 1-8 Michael Glavey's, 8/9/2019,

Group C
Round 1
 * Clann na nGael 0-13, 1-14 Western Gaels, 17/8/2019,
 * Boyle 0-11, 2-10 Pádraig Pearses, 17/8/2019,

Round 2
 * Boyle 2-26, 1-8 Clann na nGael, Ballyleague, 24/8/2019,
 * Pádraig Pearses 1-10, 0-10 Western Gaels, Athleague, 24/8/2019,

Round 3
 * Western Gaels 3-16, 3-16 Boyle, 8/9/2019,
 * Pádraig Pearse's 1-12, 1-13 Clann na nGael, 8/9/2019,

Preliminary Quarter-Final
One third placed team from one of the three groups will receive a bye into the quarter-finals in an open draw. The remaining two 3rd placed teams will meet in a Quarter-Final Play-Off to determine the team that completes the quarter-finals lineup.

Quarter-finals
The 1st placed teams in Groups A, B and C along with the 2nd placed team with the best record are seeded for the quarter-final draw and cannot meet each other in the quarter-finals. The remaining 2nd and 3rd placed tams in the quarter-finals are unseeded. No pairing which is a repeat of a group stage fixture can occur in the quarter-finals.

Relegation play-off
The Relegation Play-Off will consist of the 4th placed finishers in Groups A, B and C. The two teams with the best group record play in the Relegation Semi-Final. The loser of this semi-final must play-off with the remaining team in the Relegation Final. The winner of the semi-final and final retains their senior status for 2020, while the loser of the Relegation Final must ply their trade in the I.F.C. for 2020.

Miscellaneous

 * Padraig Pearses won their first ever football championship title.


text:
Talk:Évrard d'Espinques

Sources for article expansion
French wiki article is good place to start. — Llywelyn II   09:49, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Évrard d'Espinques


text:
Top-rated United States television programs of 1985–86

This table displays the top-rated primetime television series of the 1985–86 season as measured by Nielsen Media Research.


text:
User:Otisjfk

Welcome.

I voluntarily edit articles here on Wikipedia, to ensure it continues to be the great source of information that it is.

title: User:Otisjfk


text:
Amirabad, Miyan Jolgeh

Amirabad (, also Romanized as Amīrābād) is a village in Eshqabad Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 184, in 45 families.

title: Amirabad, Miyan Jolgeh


text:
Srosty

Srosty (Сросты) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Srostinsky Selsoviet, Yegoryevsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 1,948 as of 2013. There are 13 streets.

Geography
Srosty is located 19 km north of Novoyegoryevskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zhernovtsy is the nearest rural locality. Lake Gorkoye-Peresheyechnoye lies 3 km to the west.

title: Srosty


text:
Talk:Omar Epps

Religion
Is Epps Muslim? His name sort of implies Islamic affiliation, but I wanted to be sure. Thanks for any help. --<IP_ADDRESS> 09:05, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

Image
Can someone with an account put the picture of him in his "House" role on this page (Now there is no picture. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)
 * I wondered this, but the answer is apparently no. From the Omar Epps page source:
 * " NOTE TO EDITORS: Do not replace the header image unless it is with a photo under a public domain or free license (NOT the same as fair use). Any fair use photos (i.e. promotional photos, album covers) are copyright violations and will be deleted. Also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content_use_criteria This means a promotional image of the character Eric Foreman is NOT acceptable."
 * AlmostReadytoFly 13:04, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Y do u all keep deleting Omar's 1st wife and elder daughter?
I added his 1st wife /marriage and elder daughter. The info is sourced. Omar mentions his exwife & older daughter in interviews. He brings Aiyanna to press events along with his 2nd/current wife & kids. The info is sourced with a celebritybabies.org source, and cb is valid site that is owned by People Magazine. If the other editors would google they themselves would see that ther are many references to Omar's ex wife & daughter. Another ex is this May 2007 Jet Magzine interview. But instead of researching other editors (User_talk:Garion96,User_talk:Tool2Die4) just revert. As of 18:08p User:Garion96 reverted and locked the article, real mature. Some 1 pls weight in. Thank You. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:50, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

Uh, celebrity-babies.com doesn't even remotely qualify as a reliable source. Furthermore, you even added a citation needed tag to other text you added. Either get reliable sources for each blurb you are wanting to add, or stop bothering with it. You've already been brought to the attention of the admins over at AIV. Tool2Die4 (talk) 19:09, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

Yes, We All Know He Looks Like Mike Tomlin, But...
Someone recently decided to come onto this page and change all of Omar's names to "Mike Tomlin" or "Tomlin" throughout the article. I really wish you wouldn't do that. Yes, he resembles currently (2009) Pittsburgh Steelers' coach Mike Tomlin, but believe it or not, they are NOT the same person. I've changed all of these back, including all the links in the article (most of which were dead because the "Mike Tomlin" name appeared in them as well). Everything should link correctly now.Kp.murphy (talk) 20:15, 4 December 2009 (UTC)

Why not add a section to Personal Life to at least acknowledge the strong resemblance and add a link from popular culture (House episode???) Johnhwynne (talk) 06:35, 31 May 2020 (UTC)

Birthday
Was Omar born on July 20/1973 or July 23/1973? Hotwine8 03:22, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

July 23 is stated on the most pages on Google. However if someone who has an account on www.veromi.net or lives in the US and can register the information can be checked out here. http://www.veromi.net/Summary.asp?fn=Omar&mn=H&ln=Epps&dobmm=&dobdd=&doby=&city=&state=&age=&vw=&Search=&Input=&x=0&y=0 Karbuncle (talk) 02:53, 21 January 2010 (UTC)

This is my brother.. dreams do come true. Ask him for it. How I suppose to  know.
How I suppose to  know. No I didn't. Love yall  Omar  all I can  tell  you  is to hold it  down. Love la lance Allman. 2600:6C5E:12F0:7040:6088:5B01:364E:1816 (talk) 02:05, 19 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Omar Epps


text:
User:TwinsMetsFan/Userboxes

Welcome to my userbox index page! These userboxes, located in my user space to comply with the userbox migration movement, can be used by anyone who desires to do so.

title: User:TwinsMetsFan/Userboxes


text:
Talk:David Crane (programmer)

Fair use rationale for Image:David Crane 1982.jpg
Image:David Crane 1982.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 21:06, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Amiga
Why is there no information on David Crane's work with Commodore that he did on the Amiga. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:11, 17 December 2022 (UTC)

 * This has been expanded upon. Andrzejbanas (talk) 05:38, 22 February 2024 (UTC)

What is going on with this game COD 2.0
I paid for this game payed for my weapon bundle packs can't use the can't use any of my modified weapons is there a fix or should I just ask for refund for everything 2603:6011:D700:D7:212E:EFBE:FC8E:FB53 (talk) 20:39, 4 March 2023 (UTC)

Re-Write
I've basically re-written this article. I feel like parts of bio probably could be expanded a bit, but we'll take it from there. I think Legacy could be expanded, but we'll tackle that later. Ditto for citing his gameography. Andrzejbanas (talk) 05:38, 22 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Crane (programmer)


text:
Rolando Romero

Rolando Florencio Romero Moreno, (born 1995) known as Rolly Romero, is an American professional boxer. He held the World Boxing Association (WBA) super lightweight title from 2023 to March 2024, and the WBA interim lightweight title from 2020 to 2021.

Lightweight
Romero made his professional debut on December 2, 2016, scoring a first-round technical knockout (TKO) victory against David Courtney at the Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall in Sunrise Manor, Nevada. Romero amassed an 8–0 record during the next three years, winning all but one of those fights by stoppage. Romero was next scheduled to face Andres Figueroa on April 20, 2019, on the undercard of the Danny Garcia and Adrián Granados welterweight bout. He won the fight by a fourth-round knockout. Romero had his first step-up in competition on November 1, 2019, when he faced Juan Carlos Cordones. He won the fight by a first-round knockout, stopping Cordones in the final minute of the opening round. Romero faced the undefeated Arturs Ahmetovs on February 22, 2020, on the undercard of Deontay Wilder and Tyson Fury II. He won the fight by a second-round technical knockout.

Romero vs. Maríñez, Sparrow
After compiling a record of 11–0 (10 KOs) Romero faced undefeated Dominican Jackson Maríñez for the vacant WBA interim lightweight title on August 15, 2020, at the Mohegan Sun Arena in Uncasville, Connecticut. Romero captured the vacant WBA interim title via twelve-round unanimous decision (UD) with the judges' scorecards reading 118–110, 116–112, and 115–113. This decision was considered very controversial, with the majority feeling Maríñez earned the win.

Romero was scheduled to take on Justin Pauldo, but Pauldo came in 5Ibs over the contracted weight. Romero's team would then change the weight to 140 Ibs, but Pauldo failed a pre-fight physical with the commission having to cancel it. Romero fought Avery Sparrow as a last minute opponent, the latter having had five weeks of training prior to this fight. Romero defeated his opponent by seventh-round technical knockout, and aired his frustrations with Sparrow's fighting style after the fight: "He fought like a coward, he just wanted a street fight because he knew he wasn't gonna do anything to me."

Romero vs. Yigit
Romero was slated to defend his interim title against Austin Dulay on the undercard of Jermell Charlo vs. Brian Castaño on July 17, 2021. Dulay pulled out of the fight a few days before the scheduled date which prompted Romero to claim that Dulay had pulled out of the fight due to a “panic attack.” Dulay responded by revealing that he suffered a knee injury and offered to give Romero $10,000 of his fight purse to reschedule the fight. Anthony Yigit was subsequently moved from his untelevised preliminary slot to step in as Romero's opponent. Romero's title was no longer on the line when Yigit weighed in 5.2 lbs over the 135 lb limit, but the fight nonetheless went ahead. On the night, Romero dropped Yigit multiple times en route to a seventh-round technical knockout victory. The San Antonio crowd booed Romero as he was announced as the winner, voicing their displeasure with his roughhouse tactics of throwing elbows, shoving and grappling his opponent. He was unfazed when questioned about it in his post-fight interview, saying, "I fought a 140 pounder and I fucking stopped him, simple as that."

Romero vs. Davis
On October 6, 2021, it was announced that Romero would be facing undefeated WBA (Regular) lightweight champion Gervonta Davis on December 5 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles on Showtime PPV. However, Romero was pulled from the bout due to sexual assault allegations made against him, and was subsequently replaced with Isaac Cruz. On January 11, 2022, Romero revealed on his Instagram page that no charges against him were filed, as the claims of sexual abuse could not be substantiated. On January 24, the WBA once again ordered Davis to make a mandatory lightweight title defense against Romero, and gave the pair until February 24 to come to terms. The pair agreed to face each other on May 28, in the main event of a Showtime PPV, at the Barclays Center in New York. Romero was knocked out in the 6th round.

Romero vs. Barroso
On February 8, 2023, it was reported that Romero would move up to light welterweight to challenge the WBA champion Alberto Puello. The championship bout was expected to take place on May 13, 2023, in the main event of a Showtime broadcast card. Puello was pulled from the fight on April 19, after testing positive for a performance-enhancing substance, and was replaced by Ismael Barroso who faced Romero for the vacant championship. Romero won the fight by a controversial ninth-round technical knockout. Barroso was ahead on the all three of the judges' scorecards at the time of the stoppage and had out-landed Romero in both total and power punches.

Romero vs. Davies
Although Romero was ordered by the WBA to make a mandatory title defense against the twice-defeated Ohara Davies, the pair failed to come to terms within the allotted 30-day negotiation period, which forced the sanctioning body to call for a purse bid to be held. Romero submitted a request for a medical exemption on July 21, which led to the WBA indefinitely postponing the purse bid. A further proof of injury was demanded of Romero on August 4 and again on August 19.

Romero vs. Cruz
On March 30, 2024 at T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas, Romero was scheduled to make the first defense of his WBA light welterweight title against Isaac Cruz. Badly battered by the later rounds and failing to mount an effective defense, Romero lost the fight and the title by TKO after the referee jumped in to stop the fight at the 0:56 mark of Round 8.

title: Rolando Romero


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/gupzsehramusic.com

Links

 * gupzsehramusic.com resolves to [//X X]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 4 additions.


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Muladi (politician)

Indonesian political 6 May 1943 – 31 December 2020) was an Indonesian academician, judge, and politician who served as the Rector of the Diponegoro University and Minister of Justice in the Seventh Development Cabinet and Development Reform Cabinet.

Early life and education
Muladi was born in Surakarta on 26 May 1943 as the youngest son of Dasijo Darmo Soewito and Sartini. His father, who came from East Java, was a police officer. Muladi moved to Semarang following his father's transfer to the city. Muladi was considered naughty during his childhood and consequently experienced grade retention in elementary and junior high school.

Despite failing to graduate from junior high school, Muladi went on to attend a private high school, the Indonesian Institute High School. After completing high school, he studied law and societal studies at Diponegoro University.

At university, Muladi was an active member of the Indonesian National Student Movement. He also joined the Students' Regiment, a student paramilitary organization. He worked for OPS Oil and Gas Company from 1966 until 1969.

Academic career
After he graduated from the university, Muladi taught as a docent at Diponegoro University since 1986. Muladi taught as a docent for eight years until he was appointed the Rector of the Diponegoro University on 13 April 1994. He still held the rectorate during his tenure as a member of the People's Consultative Assembly and Minister of Justice. He was relieved of the rectorate on 19 May 1998 when he was replaced by Professor Eko Budihardjo.

Political career
Muladi began his political career when he was appointed the Regional Delegate to the People's Consultative Assembly on 1 October 1997. A year later, Muladi was appointed the Minister of Justice in Suharto's seventh and last cabinet on 14 March 1998. The cabinet lasted for only two months, as Suharto later resigned on 21 May 1998.

Habibie, Suharto's vice president, replaced him as a president. Habibie then formed a new cabinet, in which Muladi served again as Minister of Justice. Habibie's cabinet was formed on 23 May 1998 and was dissolved on 20 October 1999 following his impeachment and resignation as president.

From 10 May until 20 October 1999, Muladi served as an ad-interim Minister of State Secretary. The previous officeholder, Akbar Tandjung, resigned from his office to campaign for Golkar in the 1999 Indonesian legislative election.

Personal life
On 22 March 1964, Muladi married his younger classmate, Nany Ratna Asmara. The marriage resulted in four children, namely Rina Irawanti, Diah Sulistyani, Aida Fitriani, dan Erlina Kumala Esti.

Death
Muladi tested positive for COVID-19 on 17 December 2020 and was treated at Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital. He died at the hospital at 6.45a.m. on 31 December 2020.

Awards
Muladi received the following awards:
 * Dwija Sista from the Department of Defence and Security (1991)
 * Man of the Year from Suara Merdeka Daily (1995)
 * Civil Service Long Service Medal, 2nd class (1995)
 * Star of Mahaputera, 1st class (1999)
 * The Best Alumni of Diponegoro University (2003)
 * National Police Meritorious Service Star, 1st class (2006)

title: Muladi (politician)


text:
Talk:Nocona, Texas

Untitled
I changed the word Anglo to white as not all white people are of English decent. The term Anglo should not be used to describe white people. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:57, 4 April 2010 (UTC)

The spelling of the name of the "Athletic Company" should be changed to Nokona, with a K. For some vague reason, they were not allowed to use the name of an incorporated city, Nocona, so they apparently changed the C to a K.  Nokona makes exceptional baseball and softball gloves. All of their gloves are made in the USA, and they may be the last baseball/softball glove manufacturer to make that claim. Someone with more knowledge on this subject than I, could verify whether this is any corporate connection between Nokona, the athletic company, and Nocona, the boot company.≈≈≈ — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:58, 23 January 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nocona, Texas


text:
User:Shomeroy

I am Shome. I am a college student, with interest in singing, biking, computing, printed n electronic media. I am here to provide information and share different views as Wikipedia is the Top online Database Information Provider. Nice to be here.

title: User:Shomeroy


text:
Talk:List of astronomy websites

"The Planetary Society"
Why is The Planetary Society listed here? It's not a website, it's an NGO. Are you going to add NASA because it has a website? Or the Keck Observatory, because it has a website? -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:49, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * This has subsequently been removed. Thanks for your attention. -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:11, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

Generalise further
I think this page, a merge of several not-quite-wikipedia-notable astronomy websites, is a good idea. I think it should be generalised further, to contain all well-known, well-used, reliable popular astronomy resources, not just those with stand-alone article. Limiting the list to standalone articles kind of defeats its purpose.

I'd like to see the few material removals in the history reversed.

I guess, but do not know, that sources discussing these resources exist, probably in subscription magazines and popular books. If so, this could merit a standalone article. If not, the list could be merged to Amateur astronomy. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 06:53, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Feel free to restructure and retitle the list as long as the changes do not violate WP:NOTDIR and WP:INDISCRIMINATE, which were concerns at Articles for deletion/List of astronomy websites. Thank you, Cunard (talk) 00:39, 20 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Yes, WP:NOTDIR is an issue. I expect that some research may reveal a compilation of amature astronomy resources, probably in a subscription magazine.
 * It would not be satisfying to see Universe Today merged and redirected to here, and then to see its section cut on the basis that it doesn't have itw own article. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 01:24, 20 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I think a list of astronomy resources could be useful, but it should be a separate page from this one. We already have a list of astronomy journals, and WPBiology set up a list of biology authorities (though I don't remember what article name they used). -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:23, 23 July 2012 (UTC)
 * List of astronomy journals is a poor example, because it doesn't have explicit inclusion criteria. Stuartyeates (talk) 04:28, 23 July 2012 (UTC)
 * If a reliable and occasionally updated index of notable astronomy websites cannot be found, one option would be to generate inclusion criteria based on Alexa rank or similar traffic information. Alexa rank is not a suitable criterion for determining notability of a stand alone article, but nothing keeps us from using it to determine if a web site should be included on a list. VQuakr (talk) 06:21, 23 July 2012 (UTC)
 * If it has an article on Wikipedia, we can assume it is notable (or else it would be deleted) -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:02, 27 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Just wandered in here an have to say this is a very odd list. This should be a bullet list with very short descriptions, or non at all (WP:LIST). There is no need for redundant long description or references. Lists (such as this) list Wikipedia articles, they are a similar function to Category, and articles by definition are notable. Going beyond Wikipedia articles (making a list of just websites) falls into WP:NOTDIR. This should be bulleted, the long descriptions should be knocked down to a sentence, and references should be removed, they already exist at the subjects article. Fountains of Bryn Mawr (talk) 19:35, 31 July 2012 (UTC)

or merge
I think that too few editors really interested in this, and that an RfC would just increase the existing RfC exhaustion. There are already enough comments at DRV and the multiple AfDs. I think that List of astronomy websites is a dubious list article. It purports to be a listing of websites with their own articles, but each of the articles is very weak, and I think should be converted to a redirect. This then invalidates the standing of the website on the list. I’m thinking it needs to be merged to Amateur astronomy, in a section titled “Resources”. These websites, and some other resources, are all part of the topic "amature astronomy". I feel there is a clear distinction with professional or academic astronomy. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 01:30, 31 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I endorse 's suggestion. If no one disagrees with this suggestion after one week has passed, then I suggest that SmokeyJoe boldly implement his suggestion. Cunard (talk) 00:26, 1 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Endorse - go for it. Stuartyeates (talk) 02:13, 1 August 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:List of astronomy websites


text:
General Relativity/Tidal forces

Radially from an object of mass m, the tidal acceleration is $${-2Gm \over r^3}*\Delta X$$ and perpendicular to the radial line, the acceleration is $${Gm \over r^3}*\Delta X$$ (Where G is the gravitational constant and deltaX is the seperation distance of two test particles.

To calculate those, you must remember that the acceleration due to gravity is $${Gm \over r^2}$$. When you consider two test particles separated by a distance of $$\Delta X$$, the results vary depending on if they are along a common radius from the center of the earth or perpendicular to it. (Any other cases can be decomposed into a combination of those two cases). Where the two test particles are radial, the two effective radii are r and (r+\Delta X). If you look at the relative acceleration between the two particles, you get $${Gm \over (r+\Delta X)^2} - {Gm \over r^2} = { {Gmr^2-Gm(r+\Delta X)^2} \over r^2(r+\Delta X)^2} = {-2Gmr \Delta X + Gm \Delta X^2 \over r^2(r+\Delta X)^2} \sim {-2Gmr \Delta X \over r^4} = {-2Gm \over r^3}\Delta X $$

More to follow...

title: General Relativity/Tidal forces


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Australian Paralympic wheelchair tennis team

Wheelchair tennis first entered the Summer Paralympic Games in 1988 as a demonstration sport and as a full medal sport at the 1992 Barcelona Games. Australia has competed at every Paralympic wheelchair tennis competition. There are two categories of medals - open division and quad division.

Notable Australian performances:
 * Dylan Alcott won three gold and one silver medal at the 2016 Rio Paralympics and 2020 Tokyo Paralympics.
 * David Hall has won six medals (1 gold medal, 3 silver medals and 2 bronze medals at three Games - 1996 to 2004.
 * Daniela Di Toro at the London Games competed at her fifth Games (1996–2012). She won a silver medal in the women's doubles at the Sydney Games

1988 Seoul
Australia represented by: Men – Michael Connell

Wheelchair tennis was a demonstration sport. Michael Connell won a silver medal in the men's singles.

1992 Barcelona
Australia represented by: Men - Michael Connell, David Hall Women – Randa Hinson, Sue Twelftree

Australia didn't receive any medals.

1996 Atlanta
Australia represented by: Men – Mick Connell, David Hall Women - Daniela Di Toro, Randa Hinson Coach - Greg Crump

Australia won 1 silver medal and 1 bronze medal.

2000 Sydney
Australia represented in wheelchair tennis by: Men - David Hall, David Johnson Women – Daniela Di Toro, Branka Pupovac Coach - Greg Crump (Head)

Australia had competitive results making three finals out of four and winning 1 gold and 2 silver medals. David Hall took one gold and one silver medal.

2004 Athens
Australia represented in wheelchair tennis: Men – Anthony Bonaccurso, David Hall, Ben Weekes Women – Daniela Di Toro Head coach- Greg Crump '''  Officials''' - Manager – Sallee Trewin Australia won 2 silver and 2 bronze medals.

Detailed Australian Results

2008 Beijing
Representing Australia in wheelchair tennis: Men - Michael Dobbie, Ben Weekes Women - Daniela Di Toro Coach - Head Coach - Greg Crump Officilas - Section Manager – Geoff Quinlan Daniela Di Toro competed at her fourth Games. Australia did not win a medal as only Michael Dobbie progressed past the first round. Detailed Australian Results

2012 London
Men  - Ben Weekes, Adam Kellerman Women - Daniela Di Toro, Janel Manns Coaches – Greg Crump (Head), Craig Purcell Officials - Section Manager – Brenda Tierney;

Daniela Di Toro competed at her fifth Games. Australia did not win any medals.

Detailed Australian Results

2016 Rio
Men  - Dylan Alcott, Heath Davidson (d), Ben Weekes, Adam Kellerman

Women - Sarah Calati (d)

Coaches - Vernon Cheung (Men's), Franscois Vogelsberger (Quad) Officials Team Leader - Brenda Tierney Australia achieved impressive results winning two gold medals, Dylan Alcott taking the men's singles and men's quad doubles with Heath Davidson.

Detailed Australian Results

2020 Tokyo
Men  - Dylan Alcott, Heath Davidson, Martyn Dunn (d) Ben Weekes

Coaches- Jessica Moore  (Men's), Franscois Vogelsberger (Quad) Officials - Team Leader - Brenda Tierney Australia achieved impressive results winning one gold and one silver medals, Dylan Alcott taking gold the men's quad singles and teaming with Heath Davidson to win silver medal in the men's quad doubles.

Detailed Australian Results

"(d) Paralympic Games debut"


text:
Talk:David Thompson (footballer, born 1977)

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Talk:David C. Jewitt

NAS
He is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences according to his CV

American?
Why does this article state that he is American when, if you read the facts of his biography, he was definitely British from birth until adulthood.... at what point did he stop being British? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:02, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

 * He was certainly British to start with. But some while ago, watching one of his lectures on Youtube - after checking this morning, I think that this video has since been taken down - I heard the chap who spoke before him introduce him as British, whereupon he immediately replied "Oh no, I haven't been British for a long time - that's just something that it still says on the internet." As he has been resident in the US for some four decades, I think that it would be astonishing if his new nationality were anything other than American, though I haven't been able to find any proof that this is the case. I'd drop him a line to ask him, if taking up the time of such an important scientist on something so trivial didn't seem a bit impertinent!Niggle1892 (talk) 23:23, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:David C. Jewitt


text:
Puzzles/Geometric Puzzles/Matchsticks/Solution

Arrange the six matchsticks along the edges of a tetrahedron, or triangular pyramid. The matchsticks will form 4 triangular faces.


text:
Whistle Inn Halt railway station

Whistle Inn is a halt on the Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway heritage railway in Torfaen, Wales. It is situated adjacent to the Whistle Inn, near the village of Garn-yr-erw. The station is the northern terminus of the line and its highest point at 1307 ft above sea level. To the north of the halt, on the other side of the road bridge over the line, was Garn-Yr-Erw Halt on the Brynmawr and Blaenavon Railway.

History
The station is situated on the trackbed of the London and North Western Railway's Brynmawr and Blaenavon Railway which closed to passengers on 5 May 1941 and to goods on 23 June 1954. In September 1971, a section of the line between Waenavon and Blaenavon Furnace Sidings was relaid by the National Coal Board for opencast mine workings. The relaid section came into use in March 1972 and carried approximately 1000 tons of coal per day until June 1975 when the mine workings ceased and the line was clipped out of use on 18 August. The Private Siding Agreement concluded by the Coal Board for the reinstatement of the section was not terminated until 30 April 1980, after which the track was removed. A section from Cwmbran to Big Pit, Blaenavon was subsequently sold to the Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway.

Steam workings on the Pontypool and Blaenavon commenced on 11 August 1984 and a station was opened at Whistle Inn on 30 April 1988. Just beyond the station to the north was Garn-yr-erw Halt. Whistle Inn, which takes its name from the adjacent public house, is the line's northern terminus and its highest point at 1307 ft above sea level.

title: Whistle Inn Halt railway station


text:
Bit ring

The bit ring is the ring on the side of a horse's bit, particularly on a snaffle bit. It is used as a point of attachment for the cheekpieces of the bridle and for the reins. It also has an effect on the action of the bit. Therefore, the design of the ring is something to consider when choosing a bit for a horse, even though the bit mouthpiece generally has a greater effect than the ring.

Choices in bit rings can be found in direct pressure bits such as snaffle bits or bradoons. Leverage bits such as the pelham, and curb bit have a bit shank rather than a bit ring. (see bit shank). The Kimblewick has a unique design in that the side of the bit resembles a bit ring, but actually is a very short bit shank, as it applies leverage pressure to the mouthpiece.

Bit ring designs also are subject to fads. The loose ring is currently one of the most popular overall designs, but several years ago the eggbutt and dee-ring were quite common. There are also differences in the popularity of a given design from one discipline to another and from geographic region to the next.

Loose ring
Types of Bits: Found on snaffles, gag bits, and bradoons.

Action: The loose ring is a circular ring which may rotate around on the mouthpiece. The sliding makes it more difficult for the horse to tighten against it, promoting relaxation and chewing from the horse. The loose ring therefore keeps the bit more mobile than any other ring type. The ring will also rotate slightly before the bit mouthpiece adds pressure to the mouth, thus allowing it to give more signal than a more fixed bit.

Disadvantages: the loose ring may pinch the corners of the lips as it rotates, causing pain to the horse. This is especially a problem if the bit mouthpiece is too small. If this occurs, a bit guard may be used. The bit mouthpiece should be slightly wider (to accommodate the bit guard) should one be used; it is best if it is at least 1/2 inch wider than required by the horse's mouth. There are some horses that dislike the rattling noise of the loose ring. Additionally, the loose-ring is more easily pulled through the mouth than a bit with cheeks.

Size and Thickness of the Rings: Rings are generally 2–5 inches in diameter, most commonly ranging in the 2.5–3 inch range that is legal for horse show competition. Rings for bradoons are smaller than those used on a plain snaffle. Rings may be larger on gag bits, especially if the rider wishes to increase the severity. Thickness ranges from 10 to 23 mm, with most found at 15 mm.

Mouthpiece: comes in many mouthpiece sizes, with 5" being the most standard size for the average horse, with a range from 3" for miniature horses to over 6 inches for a large warmblood or a draft horse. Various metals are used, and mouthpieces may be made in almost any type (see bit mouthpiece).

Uses: One of the three most popular designs, loose rings are often used for training young horses, as the action is mild and the loose movement of the ring provides warning prior to rein pressure. The loose ring is the most common bit seen at the lower levels of dressage and on junior horses in western riding disciplines. It is also seen through all the levels of eventing (especially in the dressage phase), and is a common bit for race horses and some show jumpers.

Eggbutt/Barrel head

Types of Bits: Found on snaffles, gag bits, and bradoons. Pelham bits also usually have an eggbutt design for the snaffle ring on the shank.

Action: the eggbutt has a slightly oval (egglike) shape, and consists of a round outer ring attached to a more upright, straighter cheek which is fixed to the mouthpiece. The ring can move back and forth where it attached to the cheek, but does not rotate like the loose-ring, and so is more stable in the horse's mouth, and not as fixed as the other types of rings.

Advantages: This is a mild bit and will not pinch like the loose ring.

Disadvantages: It is more easily pulled through the mouth than a bit with cheeks.

Size and Thickness of Rings: The rings range from rounder and thinner to wider and flatter in shape. Their thickness varies from 10-23mm, and most are about 3" across.

Mouthpiece: This is also a popular bit that comes in many sizes, ranging from 3–6.5 inches. The mouthpiece is usually solid, but may be hollow mouthed.

Uses: Eggbutts are overall one of the most popular ring designs, less common in the dressage arena than loose-rings, more often seen in show hunter disciplines. They are popular for riding schools, and sometimes in horse racing. Eggbutts are sometimes seen in eventing, show jumping, and equitation riding. They are occasionally seen in western riding. Eggbutts are also useful as a gentle design with which to start young horses.

Dee-ring/Racing snaffle

Types of Bits: snaffle. The Kimblewick shank has a modified Dee-ring design.

Action: the Dee-ring, as its name suggest, has a ring shape like a "D" with the cheek side of the "D" attached to the mouthpiece of the bit. The straight bars of the Dee-ring provide a slight lateral guiding effect. This is because the bit ring is pulled against the side of the mouth opposite the rein that is activated, pushing the sides of the Dee against the horse's mouth, encouraging a turn. The Dee-ring is fixed in the horse's mouth, because its shape does not allow the bit to rotate. The Dee-ring is most similar to the full cheek.

Advantages: does not pinch like the loose ring, and is not as likely to be pulled through the mouth as a loose ring or eggbutt. Otherwise is fairly mild, but acts quickly on the mouth of the horse.

Disadvantages: Has little loose movement and thus provides less warning to the horse.

Size and Thickness of the Rings: The ring is usually about 3" in width, although they may reach 5" (a popular size for race horses, but illegal for horse shows). The larger the ring size, the more lateral guiding effect it has.

Mouthpiece: varies in thickness, and may be hollow or solid. Generally comes in a variety of sizes and a wide variety of mouthpieces.

Uses: Another very popular design, the Dee-ring was the traditional bit used in hunt seat riding, and is still seen in that discipline. It is also one of the most popular designs in horse racing. The D-ring is not seen as often in dressage, eventing or show jumping. A modified Dee-ring design with the straight side and a rounder ring is sometimes seen in western riding.

Full cheek
Types of Bits: snaffle

Action: The cheeks of these bits extend both upward and downward, tapering as they get farther away from the mouthpiece, with a half-moon ring similar in shape to the Dee-ring or eggbutt (depending on the design). The long sides provide a great deal of lateral guiding effect. The full cheek without bit keepers is more fixed in the mouth than a loose ring, and thus has a similar action to the eggbutt or Dee-ring. Use of bit keepers, however, makes the full cheek even more fixed than the Dee-ring, concentrating bit pressure on the bars and tongue.

Advantages: The full-cheek is not as likely to be pulled through the mouth as a loose-ring or eggbutt and gives considerable lateral commands.

Disadvantages: The full-cheek can easily jab or be caught on something if bit keepers are not used. In some cases, a young horse may be scared by the strong lateral pressure of the full cheek. Bit guards can help this problem.

Adjustment: The full cheek should be adjusted like any normal snaffle, although it may be placed slightly lower in the mouth when bit keepers are used. When choosing this bit, it may be best to test ride with and without bit keepers, depending on the needs of the horse.

Mouthpieces: Range in all sizes and thickness (10–21 mm). Usually in solid mouths, although hollow mouths are available.

Uses: The full cheek is becoming more popular and is now seen in many disciplines, including dressage, eventing, show jumping, western riding and hunt seat. Additionally, the guiding effect makes it popular for use on young horses.

Half-cheek/Half-spoon
Type of bit: snaffle

Action: As the name suggests, the half-cheek has only a lower cheek, though occasionally the bit is put on upside down, with the half cheek pointing up. The cheek is generally flat and spoon-like, as opposed to the long, cylindrical shape of the full cheek. The bit provides some lateral guiding effect, and is more fixed in the mouth than the loose ring.

Advantages: This bit is not as likely to be pulled through the mouth as a loose-ring or eggbutt. Additionally, it is not as likely to be caught on something, which may happen with a full-cheek used without keepers.

Mouthpieces: Size varies, Mouthpieces come in all types, except waterfords are rare.

Uses: The half-cheek is most commonly seen in driving classes, because it is less likely to be caught on the harness. It is also frequently used on young horses in Saddle seat disciplines. It is sometimes seen in horse racing.

Fulmer/Australian loose-ring
Type of Bit: snaffle

Action: The fulmer is similar to the full cheek in that it has an upper and lower cheek, which taper off as they move from the mouthpiece. However, the ring to which the bit is attached is not an eggbutt or Dee-ring design, but a loose ring. This bit therefore gives the lateral guiding effect of the full-cheek, without the rigidity of many other bit rings.

Advantages: Provides the rotation of the loose ring without as great a chance that the ring will pinch. Also prevents the bit from being pulled through the mouth like an eggbutt or loose ring.

Mouthpieces: Usually seen in smooth single- or double-jointed mouthpieces

Uses: not as common in the United States as other bit rings, but seen in a variety of disciplines

Baucher/Fillis/Hanging cheek/Drop cheek
Type of Bit: snaffle, named after François Baucher, a 19th century French riding master whose theories are still widely followed.

Action: The Baucher has an eggbutt-like ring at the mouthpiece for the rein, with an upper cheek that has a ring at its end, to which the cheekpieces of the bridle are attached. The mouthpiece of a true Baucher does not slide on its ring, though there are Baucher-like designs that do. This bit lies flat against the horse's face, is fixed in the mouth and concentrates pressure on the bars. Contrary to common belief, the bit does not exert poll pressure unless it is put onto the bridle upside-down. "This bit is usually falsely described as creating poll pressure. Most baucher bits don't. In order for it to put pressure on the poll, the ring which the rein attaches to, needs to have a drawn-out oblong shape so that the rein stays at a certain position on the ring. If the ring is oblong, the rein will want to stay at one end, and thus pulls this end up towards the hand/rein. If the ring is round, so that the distance from the mouth bars to the rein is constant at all angles, the rein will slide."

Advantages: will not be pulled through the mouth.

Mouthpieces: All types. The Baucher however is traditionally just a single jointed bit, so you could not technically have a "waterford baucher".

Uses: Not a common design, most often seen in eventing, during the dressage or show jumping phase. Also sometimes used by dressage riders. May be used in preparation for the curb bit. Is never seen in western riding, where it is illegal for show.

 * NOTE: the Baucher can be misused in an upside-down position, with the cheek containing the smaller ring hanging below the bit, as if the reins were supposed to attach at that point. Such positioning makes the cheek into a short bit shank, but without a curb chain, there is no poll pressure, merely a rotation of the mouthpiece onto the bars. This fitting is illegal in competition.

Other

 * Full-spoon: similar to the full-cheek, except the cheeks are flat and spoon-like instead of round and cylindrical. The cheeks are generally shorter than those found on a full-cheek.
 * Flat-ring: Similar to the loose-ring, but the circular ring has been flattened so it has edges. Generally more common in western riding. Has similar action as the loose-ring, though is a little more stable in the horse's mouth and the rings may be less likely to pinch.
 * Tubular Butt: Similar to the eggbutt but with a sliding loose-ring and is suitable for use with reins that are connected with various knots.
 * Wing Cheek: A relatively recent innovation in snaffle cheeks, the wing bit offers extensive protection at the corners of the horse's mouth by having winged plates on the ends of the mouthpiece that curve around the side of the mouth. Essentially acting like a bit guard, these metal plates ensure that the rings of the bit do not rub or pinch against the sides of the horse's mouth.

References and external links

 * The Bit Gallery

title: Bit ring


text:
File talk:Büyükşehir Belediye Erzurumspor logo.png

Football
Its bullshit <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:01, 7 May 2022 (UTC)


text:
User:Yeoncong323/sandbox

Dadeumi(다듬이) or Dadeumijil(다듬이질) is Korean traditional ironing method where two women knelt on the floor, facing each other across a smoothing stone or Dadeumitdol(다듬잇돌), beating out a rhythm on the cloth to press out the wrinkles of the laundered cloth and soften it. Dadeumi is a unique to Korea. Dadeumi requires Dadeumitbangmang-i(다듬잇방망이) and Dadeumitdol. Dadeumitbangmang-i is a bat that pounds on the cloth. The stone under the cloth is called a Dadeumitdol. Also, the cloth is wrapped in the thick round bat, 'Hongdooggae(홍두깨)(wooden roller used in smoothing cloth)', and Dadeumi is performed. It is used to trim a thin cloth such as ramie fabric(모시) or silk.

History
The 18th-century book, Gyuhap chongseo(규합총서), details how to do Dadeumi and care for fabrics. It is estimated that it would have been used from the 17th to the 18th century. Since ancient times, in Korea, people thought it was a good three sounds to hear the crying of baby, reading a book, and the Dadeumi sound. These three sounds are called Samhuiseong(Hanja: ; Hangul: 삼희성). It is because the cheerful sound when doing Dadeumi remind people of healthy vitality, the diligence and stability of everyday life.

Form and characteristics
Dadeumitdol is made of granite, agalmatolite, marble, etc., and it is also made of solid wood such as birch wood or zelkova. It was made from birch wood in Chungcheongdo or Hamgyeongdo, and in this case it was called the Dadeumitdae(다듬잇대). The shape is a thick rectangle. The upper surface touching the fabric is made to be slightly wider and smoother than the underside so that the fabric does not hurt. There are four short legs on the four corners of the underside, and both of side have grooves for carrying. It is also called Chimseok(Hanja:, Hangul: 침석).

Dadeumitbangmang-i is a pair of two, made of wood.

Method
First, dry the starched clothes. Then, make the clothes to wet with water by spraying it with mouth or hand. Fold the laundry soaked in water into the wrapping cloth, wait until the water spreads evenly, then fold it back. After that, place the laundry wrapped in a cloth on top of the Dadeumitdol and beat it with a Dadeumitbangmang-i. When there is one person, grab a bat in both hands and beat. When there are two people, sit face to face with the Dadeumitdol in the middle. After a certain amount of beat, repeat unfolding and folding, wrinkles of clothes spread and shine. Fabric such as fine silk is arranged on the Dadeumitdol in the primary, then wrap it in Hongdooggae and beat it.

Social and cultural significance
Korean did dadeumi in late autumn and winter. Until late at night, the sound of two people tapping the cloth to the tone with four bats was one aspect of Korean customs. Dadeumi also meant correcting the mind to the white-clad folk. In other words, it is sometimes referred to as an Ingochim(Hanja:, Hangul: 인고침), which means that the pain of the heart that is too much to bear is tolerated with the Dadeumi. Each Dadeumitdol has a different tone. Because there is a favorite sound in each area, it is carved to make a unique sound like a percussion instrument. There are also colorful paintings and colored Dadeumitdol, and there are also Dadeumitdol with details of the dead. It was a reflection of the preference and culture of the time. Dadeumi was also useful for making cloth for windbreak. When making the hanbok, starched clothes and did dadeumi, the fibers spread and the starched clothes well so that the wind could be blocked well. Furthermore, the surface became less dirty because it became smooth and it was easy to wash because the dirt was falling well. In modern times, the range used in everyday life is reduced, but Dadeumi performances are performed at festivals.

Dadeumi in culture
There are Korean cultures related to Dadeumi. Sound of Dadeumi(다듬잇소리) is a poem by Muae Yangjudong(양주동 (1903년)) that depicts the lives and feelings of women who do Dadeumi. Yangpyeong folk song(양평민요) expresses a woman who does Dadeumi in simple language. There is also Dadeumi Nori(다듬이놀이) who competes to do better Dadeumi.

Sound of Dadeumi(다듬잇소리) - Muae Yangjudong(양주동 (1903년))
A Dademi sound of a neighbor.

The deeper the night, the more it gets.

It is pretty sleepy,

but it does not stop even if the cock crows.

If the good women talk about housework

and make their husbands' winter clothes carefully,

the body will be busy but the heart will be happy.

But in a difficult life,

aren't they beating on other people's silk clothes overnight,

whether their clothes are worn out or bare.

Yangpyeong folk song(양평민요)
Dadimi* Dadimi,

Yeon-Dadimi.

Playing over the shoulder.

Bakdal-bakmaeng* have an fortunate destiny,

so goes around on big baby's wrist.

(* Dadimi = dialect of Dadeumi)

(* Bakdal-bakmaeng= A bat made of birch wood)

=== Dadeumi Nori(다듬이놀이) === Dadeumi Nori is a play performed in Namwon city, Jeollabuk-do. The women sat face to face with the dadeumitdol in the middle and contested who was better at Dadeumi. The two people who sit facing each other change the method of fulling according to the pitch of the sound. It removes the boredom of Dadeumi. With the way of washing and the material of the cloth changed in the modern day, it is now rarely played.

title: User:Yeoncong323/sandbox


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Squirm/archive1

Squirm

I've listed this article for peer review because of it failing its FAC and wanting to seek input on how to improve it.

Thanks, GamerPro64  02:43, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

Comments from Gerald WL

 * , Comments I can provide (changes in italics):
 * 1. In "Plot," after the words "In the rural town of Fly Creek, Georgia," a footnote was provided, reading, "Fly Creek, Georgia is a fictional town invented for the movie." This would most likely not be needed, as readers can just directly know that a fictional town is created for the film. You cannot tell me "The world of Harry Potter is made for the book, then for the movie" as if I don't know that. I suggest remove that note.
 * I agree with this. Was not a fan when this was suggested at FAC. removed. GamerPro64  01:59, 28 August 2020 (UTC)
 * 2. In "Legacy," De Palma is quoted to answer "Only use the best!" Should it be pre-explained "De Palma reportedly answered simply with "Only use the best!""?
 * That seems excessive. GamerPro64  01:59, 28 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I guess, yeah. Ignore no. 2, my bad haha.  Gerald WL  06:14, 28 August 2020 (UTC)
 * 3. In "Legacy," second paragraph-second sentence: "The episode was broadcast on the Sci-Fi Channel on August 1, 1999, and was the penultimate episode to the series." That's not really of a necessary description there. I suggest merging the sentence; thus second paragraph's first sentence will be "Squirm was featured on a tenth-season episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K), a comedy television series broadcasted on the Sci-Fi Channel on August 1, 1999 in which the character Mike Nelson and his two robot friends Crow T. Robot and Tom Servo are forced to watch bad films as part of an ongoing scientific experiment."
 * That's what I can comment by a quick read of the article. I cannot really go into citations for now; I'll probably try do that when I'm free. Other than that, I view the article as comprehensive, detailed, and does not deviate to off-topic things. Good stuff there.  Gerald WL  15:36, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

SG
Sorry for the delay, GamerPro64; it seems to be one thing after another. This is left over from the FAC, but still concerns me: You mentioned that the Film WikiProject considered Dread Central a reliable source, but I can find no indication of why they consider it reliable, nor can the views of one WikiProject prevail at FAC. And, the source says that the director made this claim on the Blu-Ray DVD, so the claim needs to be attributed ("According to ..."). And, since they are the only outlet to mention this minor factoid, I am unconvinced it belongs in the article at all. I think if we can work out that one sourcing issue, and if we can get to look in again at the prose, it should be possible to get this article over the hump. I am watchlisting now and will chip away at prose issues. Best regards, Sandy Georgia (Talk)  01:22, 1 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Sylvester Stallone also auditioned for a part in the film.[7]
 * Thanks for the ping, Sandy. I’ve been meaning to get back here but have been distracted by a couple of other obligations, both on- and off-wiki.  One of my concerns with the article was the reception section.  Are you familiar with WP:RECEPTION?  If you look at the prose before I get to it I’d like to know if you agree with the essay and if it applies here. Mike Christie (talk - contribs -  library) 01:29, 1 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I removed the Stallone mention. GamerPro64  01:59, 1 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks Mike and Gamer; I will look at that essay tomorrow and focus on that aspect. Best, Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  02:36, 1 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I was not familiar with that excellent essay, Mike, so thanks. Yes, I see that it can be helpful here.  And I can see themes around which to organize the content in the article.  Do you want to attempt that, Gamer, or do you want to wait until I have time to give it a try (which may not be for several days)?? Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  14:19, 1 September 2020 (UTC)
 * You can give it a try. I thought I was going somewhere with it during it's nomination but guess not. GamerPro64  21:16, 1 September 2020 (UTC)
 * You can give it a try. I thought I was going somewhere with it during it's nomination but guess not. GamerPro64  21:16, 1 September 2020 (UTC)

Gamer and, I gave it a try, but as we know, my prose isn't stellar. Per the RECEPTION essay, I identified a narrative as:
 * 1) Gruesome, creepy horror was recognized as conveyed by special effects
 * 2) But the production, direction and performances received mixed reviews
 * 3) Yet, the film achieved cult-like status, as retrospective reviews recognized themes and appreciated humor

For now, it's at User:SandyGeorgia/sandbox5. Do you want to work on it there, or should I copy it in to here, or should I move it in to the article? Or is it no good at all :) :) Gamer, it's important to make sure I got all the pieces, didn't drop anything, and got everything attached to the right citation, as I was basically moving things around. Sandy Georgia (Talk)  21:43, 2 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I want to hear Mikes take on this but I personally think that the reception should be kept together chronologically. Like set up that it got mixed reception when it was released but was more well received later on in life. GamerPro64  23:29, 2 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I noticed that was your narrative (early lukewarm, later positive reviews) but my sense was that Mike didn't like the flow, so I went for something else. I did weave the early vs. retrospective reviews in to the new narrative, though.  Best, Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  23:32, 2 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Sandy, I think this is a real improvement; much more natural flow. GamerPro64, I get that the narrative sequence has value because of the change in viewer opinion, but I think Sandy's managed to preserve that here, though I do have a comment about that below..  I've tweaked the text a bit.  Some comments on this version:
 * The Variety magazine review regarded the special effects as genuinely creepy is cited to Maltin, so is this quoted by Maltin? If so could we combine it with the early sentence, e.g. "...shock sequences', and quoted a Variety review that regarded..."?
 * The third paragraph doesn't seem to be quite sequenced correctly -- we have "commendable" and ""excellent" before we get to "Impressions had changed", which should be the lead in to the positive reviews, shouldn't it?
 * Glad you like the essay, Sandy; I wrote most of it and have opposed several times at FAC based on my belief that these sections can be made more readable. I don't think it's easy though and I try to put my money where my mouth is if I have time. Mike Christie (talk - contribs -  library) 00:39, 3 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Tired, long day, I could have attached a wrong citation as I was moving things around, will look tomorrow, Sandy Georgia (Talk)  00:54, 3 September 2020 (UTC)
 * So I guess we can throw the revised version into the Reception section and then Mike can do a copy edit when he is available. GamerPro64  15:24, 3 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I will look for the problem Mike raises above later today, and then copy it over ... still getting caffeinated here :) Sandy Georgia (Talk)  15:30, 3 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Inserted rewrite into article., I am not seeing the Maltin/Variety problem you mentioned above, so perhaps you already corrected that?  Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  16:29, 3 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Will take a look tonight -- if I don't get to it then it'll be some time over the weekend. I'll try to do a copyedit pass over the whole article too.  Mike Christie (talk - contribs -  library) 16:31, 3 September 2020 (UTC)

SG continued
Thanks, Mike, for great contribs!

Most of the financing came from Broadway producers Edgar Lansbury and Joseph Beruh. The film was shot in Port Wentworth, Georgia, over five weeks. Millions of worms, from Georgia and Maine, were used. Makeup artist Rick Baker provided special effects for the film using prosthetics for the first time in his career. Squirm was picked up for distribution by American International Pictures and was edited in an attempt to change it from an "R" rating to a "PG" rating. ... a powerful storm blows down an overhead power line, The power line lands in wet mud and starts to electrify the worms underneath. ... Roger's shipment of 100,000 bloodworms and sandworms escape from the back of the truck. With these I think you're good to go back to FAC; like Mike, I will hold off initially, as now "involved". Good luck! Sandy Georgia (Talk)  15:37, 15 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Varying the length of sentences improves the prose. I suggest combining sentences two and three into one longer sentence, to avoid having choppiness from four short thoughts at once.
 * Maybe ... Millions of worms were used over the five-week filming in Port Wentworth, Georgia; worms were brought in from Maine to augment local supplies. Sandy Georgia (Talk)  15:16, 15 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Maybe ... After Squirm was picked up for distribution by American International Pictures, it was edited in an unsuccessful attempt to change it from an "R" rating to a "PG" rating by removing some of the more repugnant scenes.
 * (Better word than scary needed, not sure "repugnant" is best choice, maybe scan the sources for a better word, but at any rate, make it clear what the nature of the attempt was and that it was not successful). Sandy Georgia (Talk)  15:16, 15 September 2020 (UTC)
 * powerful ... power ... need to vary the wording ... maybe a "violent" storm? Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  15:18, 15 September 2020 (UTC)
 * We're missing a step. We aren't told how the earthworms under the power line that were electrified relate to the earthworm shipment ... did they get electrified, too ? I think this hinges on the word starts to electrify the worms underneath ... did that continue for a time afterwards and include the missing shipment ?  We only discover paragraphs later, " Mick realizes electricity is still being released from the power lines and that the wet soil is acting as a conductor; he remembers the worms only come out at night.", so in the first para we need to somehow explain "starts" in relation to ... continuing for some time after ... Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  15:24, 15 September 2020 (UTC)

Comments from Mike Christie
Starting to go through now. I think that looks better. GamerPro64 21:10, 8 September 2020 (UTC)
 * GamerPro64, can you explain this sentence to me? Cinefantastique contributor Kyle B. Counts took exception to a shot of the worms burrowing into Roger's face, mentioning the gruesomeness of the worms "wiggling convulsively".  I don't have access to the source.  What's puzzling is that "take exception" to means "disapproves of" but the context is whether the special effects worked well, so is Counts saying they worked so well he was revulsed?  Or that he didn't like them because they didn't work well?
 * Found an Archive.org link to the review and added it. So the mention of that part is "Liebermans handling of the creepy goings-on is oppressively clumsy, save for one expertly gruesome shot that shows a team of worms burrowing into a mans face, their electrified tails still wiggling convulsively. Elsewhere he repeatedly short-changes his audience by cutting away from anticipated violence and inserting the kind of comic relief [...] that only undermines the films already threadbare tension." GamerPro64  01:03, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
 * OK, thanks. Now I'm wondering if the start of that paragraph is strictly correct; currently we have "Opinions on the film's special effects were mixed upon the film's release, but retrospective reviewers were more positive", but in fact the mixed opinions seem to be about the film overall, not really the special effects.  I don't see any criticism of the special efects in any of the sources except the "spaghetti" comment.  Can you see any other negative comments about the effects?  If not, I'll rewrite the first paragraph to change the focus. Mike Christie (talk - contribs -  library) 10:57, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Spent a bit more time thinking about this and came up with this candidate first paragraph (with formatting and footnotes removed for readability for now). How about this? Mike Christie (talk - contribs -  library) 11:22, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Opinions on the film's horror elements and special effects were mostly positive, with several reviewers crediting the special effects for conveying a sense of gruesome creepiness. A TV Guide contributor described the worm scenes "genuinely terrifying", and Cinefantastique contributor Kyle B. Counts found a shot of the worms burrowing into Roger's face "expertly gruesome".  Vincent Canby, writing in The New York Times, felt the worm scenes were “effectively revolting”, though he disliked the shot of Roger sinking into a pile of worms, comparing it to spaghetti with meat sauce. In his 2019 book American International Pictures: A Comprehensive Filmography, Rob Craig agreed that the movie's horror was made effective by Baker's gory make-up.  Craig was also impressed that the film managed to convey a "sense of dread" with the use of a traditionally non-threatening creature like the earthworm, by "amassing [them] into a gigantic horde which becomes a mass-minded killing force".  Another retrospective reviewer, in the 2013 edition of Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide, assessed the film an "above-average horror outing [that] builds to good shock sequences".
 * Looks good, Sandy Georgia (Talk)  21:32, 8 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I made the change. I've never worked with sfn so please check I didn't screw anything up.  I'll take a look at the first paragraph of the "Analysis" section next, probably tonight or tomorrow morning. Mike Christie (talk - contribs -  library) 11:01, 10 September 2020 (UTC)

-- More to come. Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 11:31, 5 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Muir calls Squirm one of the "eco-horrors" of the 1970s, part of what he considers to be "man's continued pillaging and pollution of the Earth". Surely Muir doesn't consider Squirm to have pillaged and polluted the earth? Shouldn't this say he considers it to depict the consequences of man's behaviour?
 * From the book: "Beneath the hokey special effects, these films reflected genuine audience trepidation that Mother Nature would not stand for Mans continued pillaging and pollution of the Earth. These "eco-horrors" envisioned environmental apocalypse caused by humankinds own shortsightedness." GamerPro64  01:03, 6 September 2020 (UTC)

Update: I've copyedited two of the paragraphs in the reception section, but would like to get answers to the two points above before I take another look at the first paragraph. I think Sandy's choice of themes for the three paragraphs works well, but the first paragraph needs the timing disentangling a bit. I also have reservations about the analysis section and will take a look at that next. Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 12:10, 5 September 2020 (UTC)

Final pass
GamerPro64, thanks for the quote from Muir. With that in hand, and the link to Hunter's comments, I think the first paragraph of the Analysis section should be compressed quite a bit. It mentions ten or so films, in order to illustrate the stages of development of "revenge of nature" films, but I don't think we need all those historical details here. The key points seem to be:

 * Squirm can be seen as a "revenge of nature film", a genre that began in the early 70s-- examples are X, Y, the most important one is Jaws.
 * Squirm can also be seen as a Jawsploitation movie
 * Hunter disputes this, saying it's just another nature goes ape-shit movie
 * Muir describes it as an eco-horror movie.

I think you have the sequence right within the paragraph, but we don't need ten films named; we're only talking about Squirm's relationship to these comments. How about:
 * Squirm can be seen as a "revenge of nature" film, a genre which began in early 1970s with films like Frogs and Night of the Lepus. Jaws, the most important film in the genre, spawned "Jawsploitation" movies which attempted to take advantage of its success, but film studies scholar I.Q. Hunter argues that Jaws "merely served to perpetuate the early-1970s genre Quentin Tarantino called the 'Mother Nature goes ape-shit kind of movie'". Muir describes the genre as "eco-horror", commenting that "these films reflected genuine audience trepidation that Mother Nature would not stand for Mans continued pillaging and pollution of the Earth".

I think this is more concise, and also connects Muir's comments to the rest of the paragraph -- it's clear that Muir is talking about the same genre as Hunter and we should reflect that. Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 14:10, 12 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Yeah that looks better too. Guess it gets more to the point. GamerPro64  03:55, 13 September 2020 (UTC)

Also, re the rating: my reading of the source (p. 27) is that it was rated PG for TV and R for the theatrical version, which is not what you have in the article. The Fangoria source does make it clear that the TV and theatrical releases were not the same, but I can't be certain it got a PG rating on TV. Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 18:24, 12 September 2020 (UTC)
 * TV ratings did not exist until the 1990s. GamerPro64  03:55, 13 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Interesting; I didn't know that. I've done a rewrite of that paragraph for flow; see what you think.  Also, I changed the statement in the article that "The re-edited film was also used for the television version" to the reverse; the quote from Lieberman I added directly contradicts that, so let me know if I missed something. Mike Christie (talk - contribs -  library) 14:17, 13 September 2020 (UTC)

And finally (I think), could you post the quote from Robin Wood that supports footnote 31 -- the sentence in the second paragraph of the Analysis section? I'd like to have a crack at rephrasing that paragraph but I don't have that source. Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 20:03, 12 September 2020 (UTC)
 * That is a combination of two things Wood said.
 * "These apparent heterogeneous motifs are drawn deeper together by a single unifying master figure: the family. The connection is most tenuous and intermittent in what has proved, on the whole, the least interesting and productive of these concurrent cycles, the "revenge of nature" films; but even there, in the more distinguished examples (outstandingly, of course, The Birds, but also in Squirm), the attacks are linked to, or seem triggerd by, familial or sexual tensions."
 * "Another striking general development: the pretense of that the released forces can be effectively overpowered or destroyed, and the traditional order restored, has been largely dropped. One registers this with one's disappointment at the end of Squirm, where the survival of the young couple and the heroine's sister is felt to run counter to the film's logic: the world totally overwhelmed by eruptions of devouring worms that develop, initially, out of familial constraints and sexual possessiveness."

GamerPro64 03:55, 13 September 2020 (UTC)
 * OK, that explains what "familiar" is doing in the article; it's a typo for "familial" -- that really confused me. Sorry to bug you again for this, but can you send me or post enough of the Wood to explain "these apparent heterogeneous motifs"?  It sounds like he's saying that nature films are not really a great example for whatever argument he's making, but I'd like to understand it better before I try to rephrase it. Mike Christie (talk - contribs -  library) 14:17, 13 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Here is the reference from Google Books. GamerPro64  00:52, 14 September 2020 (UTC)

I'm done with the rewrite of those paragraphs. I think that's it for me; if you take this back to FAC I won't oppose, but I don't think I can really support -- I've gone past reviewing and done a fair amount of rewriting here, so I will just stay on the sidelines for another nomination. , do you feel it's ready to renominate? Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 00:40, 15 September 2020 (UTC)
 * On my list to revisit, soon; thanks for the extra effort, Mike! Sandy Georgia (Talk)  00:46, 15 September 2020 (UTC)

 * Thanks everyone. I will now be taking this to FAC once more. GamerPro64  00:17, 16 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Peer review/Squirm/archive1


text:
laugh off

Verb

 * 1)  To respond to (a negative situation) lightheartedly, as though it were a joke.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian:
 * Korean:
 * Polish: obracać w żart, obrócić w żart
 * Russian: ,

title: laugh off


text:
Roberto Valera

Roberto Valera Chamizo (b. Havana, 1938) is a Cuban composer and pedagogue that has a made a substantial contribution to the development of music in Cuba.

Academic formation
Roberto Valera initiates its music studies in 1948 with professors Waldina Cortina, Ñola Sahig, José Ardévol, Edgardo Martín and Leo Brouwer in the Municipal Conservatory of Havana, where he also received singing lessons from soprano Zoila Gálvez in 1956. By 1965 Valera studied in Poland with renowned composers Witold Rudzinski and Andrzej Dobrowolski. He also received a degree in education from the Escuela Normal para Maestros in Havana, and a PhD in pedagogy from the University of Havana.

Professional activity
At the request of composer Leo Brouwer, Roberto Valera worked from 1961 to 1965 as a musical advisor at the Instituto Cubano del Arte y la Industria Cinematográficos (ICAIC), starting also a career as a film composer.

After returning from Poland, Valera was appointed as director of The Alejandro García Caturla Conservatory in Marianao, Havana, and in 1968 he became Head of Harmony and Contemporary Techniques at the National School of Arts Music School.

In 1976, Roberto Valera began a long term association with the Instituto Superior de Arte (ISA), serving as Dean and professor of composition, orchestration and contemporary techniques. He also founded the school’s Electroacoustic Music Studio.

Valera has also held different positions on the executive board of Unión Nacional de Escritores y Artistas de Cuba (UNEAC), including a term as President of its Music Section from 1990 to 1992.

Work
Roberto Valera has composed an extensive catalog that includes music for soloists, chamber ensembles orchestra, and choir, as well as for numerous ballets, cartoons and films. Following a select list of Valeras works: The living composers project.

 * Orchestral: Devenir, 1969; Concierto por la Paz, saxophone, orchestra, 1985; Extraplan, 1990; Yugo y estrella, 1995; Concierto de Cojimar, guitar, orchestra, 1998; Non divisi, string orchestra, 1999
 * Chamber music: String Quartet, 1967; Tres Impertinencias, ensemble, 1971; Tierra de sol, cielo y tierra, ensemble, 1993; Glosas del tiempo recobrado, violin, cello, piano, percussion, 1994
 * Choral: Ire a Santiago, mixed chorus, 1969; Cuatro Poemas de Nicolás Guillén, soprano, mixed chorus, orchestra, 2001
 * Vocal: Conjuro, soprano, orchestra, 1968
 * Piano: Doce Estudios Caribeños, 2002; Van Gogh's Blues Ear, 2002; Cuento Sonoro, 2004
 * Electroacoustic: Ajiaco, tape, 1990; Palmas, tape, 1992; Periodo espacial, tape, 1993; Loa del camino, tape, 1999; Las Sombras no Abandonan, tape, 2000

Awards
Among many recognitions, Roberto Valera has received the following:

 * First Prize, Competition of the Cuban Ministry of Culture, 1985 (for Concierto por la Paz)
 * National Award, UNEAC, 1989 (for his entire oeuvre)
 * The Alejo Carpentier Medal
 * The Félix Varela Medal
 * The National Culture Award of the Cuban Council of the State
 * The Ministry of Higher Education has also awarded him for his contribution to Cuban education

Other honors include

 * The Basse Terre Medal in Guadeloupe
 * The José Maria Heredia Medal of the province of Santiago (Cuba)
 * The Karol Szymanowski Medal of the Polish Ministry of Art and Culture

title: Roberto Valera


text:
Talk:Oak Ridge North, Texas

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title: Talk:Oak Ridge North, Texas