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Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Language/2019 September 13

= September 13 =

Mispronunciation by a British
Hi,

I've met a guy from Derby who mispronounced many words and I was wondering if it was because of his accent or if it was just him. He would say "boot" for "but" or "oop" for "up" but I've heard this is common in some parts of England. The words he couldn't pronounce were "Jakarta" (he would say Jikarta), Japan (Jipan) and Manila (Minila). Is that a common mistake? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:46, 13 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Define "mistake". We all have an accent, and it leads to massive differences in the way many words are pronounced around the world, even by native English speakers. It is impossible most of the time to say that one pronunciation is right and another is wrong. As an Australian, I pronounce the verb sound in the second syllable of my username here in a way that most Americans don't understand. Spelling it doesn't help. It's that sound of the "o". Am I right, and all Americans wrong? Or, maybe I'm wrong, and all Americans are right. No, it's a pointless exercise saying who is right or wrong. HiLo48 (talk) 05:22, 13 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I weep for the poor old Australian "o". What people have done with it is just tragic.  There are now so many frankly weird and embarrassing ways this sound is pronounced, I've lost count. Many of them involve widening the mouth as if to say "ee" - absurd!. --   Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  21:13, 14 September 2019 (UTC)

 * The standard pronunciation for the first vowel in those place names is a schwa ([ə] not [a]). It's easy to convert this [ə] to [ɪ].  I'm not sure whether this is common in Derby dialect.  When you write "boot" do you mean [buːt] or [bʊt]?  The latter is common for "but" in any Northern English or Scottish dialect, and might be stretched to a long vowel by someone speaking slowly or for emphasis. As HiLo48 writes above, there is wide variation worldwide in what is considered "correct".  Dbfirs  06:23, 13 September 2019 (UTC)
 * The type of schwa sound you note at the beginning of your explanation is sometimes called a schwi sound. -- Jayron 32 12:10, 13 September 2019 (UTC)
 * This isn't schwi. Schwi is a sound that is pronounced in Received Pronunciation (or at least conservative Received Pronunciation) that has merged with  in accents with the weak vowel merger, such as Australian English. In those accents, the allophonic range of  is wider than in RP and so it's no surprise that "Japan" could be pronounced  or something close to it (the palatal nature of the first consonant is a possible influence here). Kbb2 (ex. Mr KEBAB) (talk) 14:09, 14 September 2019 (UTC)
 * You say, in the consecutive sentences, that the sound noted by Dbfirs as is not, and then say that it is  as in .  How am I wrong then you agree with everything I said?  I noted that Dbfirs explanation was called the schwi, the article I cited when doing so notes that this is the [ə] to [ɪ] conversion, you then say that it is said as [ɪ] and yet somehow I am wrong when I said the same thing?  Can you explain?  -- Jayron 32 01:20, 15 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm talking about what's phonemically in received pronunciation. The first vowels in "Jakarta", "Japan" and "Manilla" don't belong to the  phoneme. So I don't agree. Kbb2 (ex. Mr KEBAB) (talk) 06:53, 15 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Oh, you're American. Basically, schwi is a vowel which is pronounced as the vowel in "kit" in Received Pronunciation (which is currently undergoing weak vowel merger just like AmE and AusE, but it's not yet as advanced in RP) and as the second vowel in "balance" in General American and General Australian. The second vowel of "rabbit" is an example of schwi. Kbb2 (ex. Mr KEBAB) (talk) 20:33, 15 September 2019 (UTC)
 * The article we currently have that most closely covers the accents of Derbyshire seems to be East Midlands English. As ObPersonal, I've lived in various parts of England (and Scotland) including Greater Manchester, West Yorkshire and Leicestershire all bordering Derbyshire (though not Derbyshire itself) and of course have met people from Derbyshire, and the particular pronunciations the OP reports seem to me to be entirely consistent with what I know of Derbyshire accents (bearing in mind that there are several). {The poster formerly known as <IP_ADDRESS>} <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:25, 13 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Those aren't mispronunciations, it's just his accent, which doesn't have the foot-strut split (like practically every English accent from the Midlands and the north) and also exhibits a weak vowel merger. – filelakeshoe (t / c) 🐱 12:17, 13 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I know relatively little about regional variations of British accents. My perch has been in California for the past 47 years, on the Pacific Ocean where we regularly interact with people from those places. In my experience, pronunciations like "Jipan", "Jikarta" and "Minila" might be considered a bit clipped and casual, but nothing that would be considered an actual mispronunciation. Nobody would chastise someone saying "You should say JAHpan!" And there are about 40 million English language speakers here. Cullen328  Let's discuss it  01:33, 15 September 2019 (UTC)
 * "JAHpan" sounds very strange. Jap rhymes with nap, cap, lap, tap, map, not with Ma, Pa, Jah. DuncanHill (talk) 08:47, 15 September 2019 (UTC)
 * "JAHpan" sounds perfectly normal to me. That's how it is said in my dialect. Even though the short form "Jap" does rhyme with nap, etc. The full word is not pronounced "JAP - ANN" in my version of English. --Khajidha (talk) 13:53, 15 September 2019 (UTC)
 * PS - In fact, anyone saying "JAP - ANN" around here would probably be perceived as making a racial slur.--Khajidha (talk) 13:54, 15 September 2019 (UTC)
 * What dialect or region is that that pronounces Japan as JAHpan? Iapetus (talk) 13:46, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
 * It's more J'pan in Britain, I was making th point that Jah is nothing at all like the first vowel in Japan. DuncanHill (talk) 13:59, 15 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Derby eh? In 1989 my party stopped at a pub in Derbyshire and I asked for cider.  The young bartender did not understand, but the older bartender interpreted for him: "Soidah!" —Tamfang (talk) 23:47, 19 September 2019 (UTC)


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Πλευρών

Proper noun

 * 1)  Pleuron, a son of Aetolus
 * 2) Pleuron, a city in Aetolia

Declension
The personal name does not take a definite article and is masculine.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Πλευρών


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Category:All content moved from mainspace to draftspace

This is a category to help keep count of the total number of drafts with the drafts moved from mainspace template. They should all be in one of the dated categories. See also Category:Content moved from mainspace to draftspace.


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User:Im Lohith

Ten of the worlds rarest,costliest,most precious hot wheels cars,helicopters,planes are owned by a student indian called Lohith

title: User:Im Lohith


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Basque pelota at the 2019 Pan American Games – Women's doubles fronton rubber ball

The women's doubles fronton rubber ball basque pelota event at the 2019 Pan American Games was held from 4–10 August at the Basque pelota courts in the Villa María del Triunfo Sports Center in Lima, Peru. The Mexican team won the gold medal, after defeating Cuba in the final.

Preliminary round
The preliminary stage consisted of a single round robin group where every doubles team played each other once. At the end of this stage, the first two teams then played a final match for the gold medal, while the third and fourth played for bronze.

All times are local (UTC−5)


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User:Chowderino

I'm excited to join the team of Wiki Editors via the UK Women's Engineering Society (WES) Electrifying Women event as part of Heritage Open Days. I'm a sub-editor by profession, hoping to put proofreading and copy-editing skills to good use.

title: User:Chowderino


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Den Haan Rotterdam B.V.

Den Haan Rotterdam B.V. is a metalwork manufacturing company specialising in navigation lights, searchlights, floodlights and ship's horns for the shipping industry. The company, originally established as a tinsmith workshop by Marinus den Haan on August 7, 1922, is located in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The company also manufactures decorative brass nautical oil and electric lamps.

Working within maritime standards, the company imports semi-finished products from around the world, and exports its completed products under the logo "DHR" internationally. The company is a member of the Koninklijke Metaalunie and Scheepsbouw Nederland (the Royal Metal Union and Shipbuilding for the Netherlands).

, the forth generation of family members commenced work with the company.

History
Following the end of the First World War, Marinus den Haan took on two servants for his business venture despite the economic fallout from the world crisit. In 1936, the small team was joined by his son Marinus Jr, augmenting the workforce numbers to 16. Following the bombing on May 14, 1940, the company relocated to a modest residence on the Westzeedijk, enduring the wartime hardships. Subsequently, where the Second World War years were spent. During this period most employees were deported to Germany by the occupying forces, leaving only two senior staff members to sustain operations. Production was subsequently focussed on small oil lamps, bread tins, and baking ovens.

Marinus, the founder, passed away in 1947, with his son Marinus Jr. assuming leadership alongside his brother Cees. Marinus Jr., also known as Rienus, passed away on April 14, 2015.

During the early 1950s, mechanisation of production processes took place alongside the inception of producing ship lighting for ornamental applications. The demand for marine lighting steadily surged, unveiling opportunities within the export market. Initial orders primarily originated from Europe, gradually extending to include interest from the United States and Canada. The surge in demand for "nautical decorative lighting" resulted in a balanced turnover ratio between navigational and decorative lighting, reaching a 50-50 split. However, the sector of decorative lighting suffered significantly during the recession of 2009.

In 1970, updated regulations and standards were established for various aspects of maritime navigation lights. These regulations included an extension of visibility limits and precise specifications regarding the construction of light bulbs. A global consensus was reached stipulating that all seafaring vessels worldwide, commencing from 1976, and inland navigation vessels from 1984 onwards, were mandated to adhere to the newly established navigation light standards. In response to these developments, the manufacturing facility made a strategic shift from metal to plastic materials. Three distinct types of lanterns were introduced to the market, tailored for maritime shipping, inland navigation, and water sports respectively. Despite employing a workforce exceeding 60 individuals, the demand for these new lighting solutions posed a considerable challenge to meet. Moreover, a novel market opportunity emerged in the Middle and Far East regions, encompassing locales such as Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and South Korea, further expanding the company's reach and market presence.

Following extensive government trials, the lanterns manufactured by the factory gained official approval and were mandated for use on all government vessels. Subsequently, the company successfully introduced its proprietary design to equip submarines with navigation lights, after a period of development and refinement. This solution garnered interest from foreign governments, leading to the adoption of the company's lighting systems for their respective submarine fleets.

In 1987, Mario and Clifford, the third-generation sons of Marinus and Cees, assumed directorial positions within the company.

In early 1993, Mario den Haan acquired full ownership of the holding and management company, purchasing all shares from his father, Marinus, and his uncle, Cees, thereby consolidating his position as the sole proprietor of the family enterprise.

Subsequently, in 1995 and 1996, the company attained its first EN ISO 9002 certification, a testament to its commitment to quality management practices. This milestone was achieved through the implementation of a robust quality management system, culminating in the official certification awarded on June 12, 1996.

Research and development
The part of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute that approved and certified the nautical lights, compasses and instruments in Rotterdam closed in 1988. This meant that all the lanterns had to be tested in-house and certificates provided. At the direcition of government mandates, a room furnished with the necessary equipment was purchased. Regular inspections of the facility were promised by the Inspectie Leefomgeving en Transport.

After the inspection room commenced use, the testing of new products began. In 1992, this facility was renamed alongside its expansion for its use in research and development. This resulted in the creation of a new searchlight for the inland navigation. Due to the extensive drawings and reports from recognised institutes such as KEMA and TNO, approval for these products were quickly obtained from foreign inspection authorities.

After 1.5 years of research, the "Burtone" horn was brought to market. A TNO test report confirmed that the horns even meet German standards. The entire range ZEEKRO-search lights was tested and the entire structure was renovated to meet CE regulations.

In 2009, the noise test area was restructured due to increased air horns complaints from the immediate vicinity. In 2010, new products included a signal lamp with LED, and a new motor housing for searchlights. In 2012 development began for an inland navigation lantern with LED technology.

Acquisitions

 * 1979—the last Dutch competitor P.J. van den Bosch
 * 1992—part of German company Brökelmann (BJB)
 * 1993—the production of the “BURTONE”-ship's horns
 * 1999—ZEEKRO, manufacturer of marine searchlights for inland vessels for more than 50 years

Locations

 * Started at Zalmhaven in Rotterdam, with a workshop of 65 m²
 * On 14 May 1940 house and the company was hit by the bombing of Rotterdam. Both buildings were destroyed. The company moved to Westzeedijk in Rotterdam for the war's duration.
 * In the early 1950s it moved to the Hoornbrekerstraat, a building of 450 m² and expanded there.
 * In 1962, a new factory building was built on the Wijnhaven with a total floor area of 3,150 m²
 * In 1983, an adjoining plot of 1,000 m² became the site of the press, tooling shop and the shipping department.
 * The current business had to be diverted to Capelle aan den IJssel and from January 2008 could be moved into a new facility of 5,000 m² of production, warehouse and office facilities.

title: Den Haan Rotterdam B.V.


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Vilhelmina BK

Vilhelmina BK  was a sports club in Vilhelmina, Sweden. The women's soccer team played in the Swedish top division in 1981.

title: Vilhelmina BK


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Seconda pratica

Seconda pratica, Italian for "second practice", is the counterpart to prima pratica (or stile antico) and is sometimes referred to as stile moderno. The term seconda pratica first appeared in 1603 in Giovanni Artusi's book Seconda Parte dell'Artusi, overo Delle imperfettioni della moderna musica (The Second Part of The Artusi, or, Imperfections of Modern Music), where it is attributed to a certain L'Ottuso Accademico. In the first part of The Artusi (1600), Artusi had severely criticized several unpublished madrigals of Claudio Monteverdi. In the second part of this work, L'Ottuso Accademico, whose identity is unknown, defends Monteverdi and others "who have embraced this new second practice". Monteverdi adopted the term to distance some of his music from that of e.g. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina and Gioseffo Zarlino and to describe early music of the Baroque period which encouraged more freedom from the rigorous limitations of dissonances and counterpoint characteristic of the prima pratica.

Stile moderno was coined as an expression by Giulio Caccini in his 1602 work Le nuove musiche which contained numerous monodies. New for Caccini's songs were that the accompaniment was completely submissive in contrast to the lyric; hence, more precisely, Caccini's stile moderno-monodies have ornamentations spelled out in the score, which earlier had been up to the performer to supply. Also this marks the starting point of basso continuo which also was a feature in Caccini's work.

In the preface of his fifth Book of Madrigals (1605) Monteverdi announced a book of his own: Seconda pratica, overo perfettione della moderna musica (Second Practice, or, Perfection of Modern Music). Such a book is not extant. But the preface of his eighth Book of Madrigals (1638) seems to be virtually a fragment of it. Therein Monteverdi claims to have invented a new “agitated” style (genere concitato, later called stile concitato) to make the music "complete/perfect" ("perfetto").

title: Seconda pratica


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Talk:Angy Palumbo

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title: Talk:Angy Palumbo


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Aerospace engineering

Aerospace engineering is a field of engineering that specializes in vehicles that move in fluids or in a vacuum. This usually means working with airplanes, satellites, rockets or spacecraft.

Suggested Readings

 * Astronautics
 * Spacecraft design

Textbooks

 * Research opportunities in advanced aerospace concepts
 * Astrodynamics
 * Jet Propulsion

Videos

 * MIT 16.01 Unified Engineering - Video Lecture
 * MIT 16.885J Aircraft Systems Engineering - Video Lecture
 * Career Video: Aeronautics Engineer
 * Video Aerospace Engineering Career

Pictures

 * Pictures of the HyCAUSE Mach 10 test flight - Collaboration between Australia and DARPA, 6/20/07

Related news

 * September 2008 Micro honeycomb materials enable new physics in aicraft sound reduction
 * August 2008 Sikorsky X2 Helicopter: At 288mph Is World's Fastest
 * April 2008 Avoiding wind tunnels, computer simulations pave way for hypersonic flight
 * April 2007 Paper on hyperdrive system wins award at conference and is examined by US Government researchers...
 * March 2007 NASA seeks research proposals.
 * March 2007 Private company to launch rocket.

title: Aerospace engineering


text:
Windshield washer fluid

Windshield washer fluid (also called windshield wiper fluid, wiper fluid, screen wash (in the UK), or washer fluid) is a fluid for motor vehicles that is used in cleaning the windshield with the windshield wiper while the vehicle is being driven.

Delivery system
A control within the car can be operated to spray washer fluid onto the windshield, typically using an electrical pump via jets mounted either beneath the windshield or beneath the wiper blade(s). The windshield wipers are automatically turned on, cleaning dirt and debris off the windshield. Some vehicles use the same method to clean the rear window or the headlights. The first windshield cleaner unit offered for automobiles was in 1936, as an aftermarket option to be installed on cars after they were bought. In 1946 General Motors installed windshield washers on all their vehicles as an extra cost option, while Chrysler offered the feature optionally in 1950 and Ford offered them for 1952.

Washer fluid may sometimes be preheated before being delivered onto the windshield. This is especially desirable in colder climates when a thin layer of ice or frost accumulates on the windshield's surface, as it eliminates the need to manually scrape the windshield or pour warm water on the glass. Although there are a few aftermarket preheat devices available, many automobile makers offer this feature factory installed on at least some of their vehicles. For example, General Motors had begun equipping vehicles with heated washer fluid systems from the factory beginning in 2006 with the Buick Lucerne sedan. The system emits a fine mist of heated water that clears frost without damaging the windshield itself. GM also claims heated washer fluid helps in removing bug splatters and other road accumulation. The company halted the production of these mechanisms after they found that it was prone to start engine fires. Mercedes Benz has used a thermostatically controlled heating element, with the engine coolant as the heat source, since the mid 1980s on certain models. Many other manufacturers have employed electrically heated washer nozzles primarily to prevent them from freezing closed, not in an attempt to heat the fluid itself.

Varieties
Windshield washer fluid is sold in many formulations, some are pre-mixed and others require dilution before use. Common washer fluid solutions are given labels such as "All-Season", "Bug Remover", or "De-icer".

Typical formulations include a surfactant, water softener, and an antifreeze. Alkyl sulfates and fatty alcohol ethers are typical surfactants.

Dilution factors will vary depending on season, for example in winter, the dilution factor may be 1:1, whereas during summer the dilution factor may be 1:10. It is sometimes sold as sachet of crystals, which is also diluted with water. Distilled or deionised water is the preferred diluent, since it will not leave trace mineral deposits on the glass.

Anti-freeze may be added to a mixture to give the product a lower freezing temperature. Antifreezes are typically ethanol and ethylene glycol.

Many cars display a warning when the fluid level is low, and some car makers have replaced the float sensor generating this signal with a simple two-pin probe in the tank. This requires a (slightly) conductive fluid, but most common windshield washer fluid mixtures will work. Mercedes-Benz sells a special fluid for their cars.

Concerns
Consumer advocacy groups and auto enthusiasts believe that the solvents present in some windshield washer fluid can damage the vehicle. Critics point to the corrosive effects of ethanol, methanol, and other components on paint, rubber, car wax, and plastics, and groups propose various alternatives and homemade recipes to protect the finish and mechanics of the motor vehicle.

title: Windshield washer fluid


text:
Talk:David Pryce-Jones

Extraordinary and hostile bias of this article
Quite typically for Wikipedia, this article betrays very strong bias and NPOV, and it is evident that, because it is not tended properly and is not a mainstream subject of wide popular interest, this has been perpetuated for a long time, years in fact. The snide and actually implicitly antisemitic references to Pryce-Jones's Jewish connections, the amazingly distorted and even false account of his important book about Arab culture, The Closed Circle (only citing one hostile book review, and none of the many that were positive), the partisan and rumor-mongering account of other aspects of his life, all of this amounts to character assassination, and the reason is obvious: he criticised Arab and Muslim culture. The entire article should be wiped, and a new one written by someone actually familiar with the subject and not biased against it by extraneous fanaticisms. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:51, 22 September 2010 (UTC)  — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)

The above poster is a moron
It's quite clear that the only reason this guy likes Pryce-Jones is because Pryce-Jones is your archetypical European Conservative of the variety that has some sort of consummate fetish for Zionism and Israel.

The article should be wiped, but primarily for the reason that Pryce-Jones is worthless as an academic and serves essentially as a refuse rag for those who see the Arab peoples as fundamentally monolithic, unintelligent, and backwards-- an unrealistic and biased view, and unrealistic as well, to say the least. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:11, 29 September 2013 (UTC)

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Wikibooks:Designated agent

Note: Additionally, this page must remain protected for legal reasons.

The designated agent to receive notification of claimed infringement of copyright for Wikibooks may be found at Designated agent

See Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act, designated agent, designated agent

External link

 * Interim Designation (pdf format)

title: Wikibooks:Designated agent


text:
Alexandrovka, Blagoveshchensky District, Altai Krai

Alexandrovka (Александровка) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Alexeyevsky Selsoviet, Blagoveshchensky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 40 as of 2013. There is 1 street.

Geography
Alexandrovka is located 61 km east of Blagoveshchenka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Alexeyevka is the nearest rural locality.


text:
Talk:Geological Society of Sri Lanka

Added Notability citations
I've added references to the society from both the Island and the Sunday Times Sri Lanka. It's clear this is a notable organisation; they've been around for 30+ years, publish a journal and their annual conference is a high profile affair with the president of the country sending a message of greeting. This is not to mention their community work and partnerships with schools.Egaoblai (talk) 14:11, 1 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Geological Society of Sri Lanka


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User:Mccajor/sandbox

Our Lady of Fatima School is a private, Catholic school in Los Banos, California, offering educational instruction from pre-kindergarten through eighth grade. It is affiliated with St Joseph's parish in Los Banos, and is one of twenty elementary schools affiliated with the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fresno. The school was previously affiliated with a small convent on site, initially run by Sisters of St. Joseph from 1950 till 1970, and then by Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception from 1970 through 1990. Since that time, the school has mostly lay administration and teachers. While the school was founded by clergy and parishioners of St Joseph's parish and the school remains closely connected with the church (the new St Joseph's Church was built adjacent to the school in 1993), admission is open to students of all faith backgrounds.

Mccajor (talk) 06:02, 21 September 2019 (UTC)==Timeline of Psychoanalytic Groups in the Los Angeles area==

Mccajor (talk) 06:02, 21 September 2019 (UTC)==Timeline of Psychoanalytic Groups in the Los Angeles area==

title: User:Mccajor/sandbox


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Veterans Rebuilding Life

The result was delete.  MBisanz  talk 02:23, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

Veterans Rebuilding Life

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Promotional article for Local organization,no general notability  DGG ( talk ) 02:31, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of New York-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 04:38, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Organizations-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 04:38, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Military-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 08:08, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Delete Doesn't seem to pass GNG. Sources in article aren't great. Sourcing in BEFORE isn't much. For whatever reason the sole google-news hits for this (2) are in Chinese - .Icewhiz (talk) 09:17, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete Appears to be a worthy charity from what's in the article, but the article also doesn't contain sufficient sourcing to demonstrate that this organisation meets WP:ORG and I note the results of Icewhiz's search above. Nick-D (talk) 10:23, 22 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete, per Icewhiz; not notable for stand alone article. Kierzek (talk) 13:01, 22 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep I think there are more sources out there. Google-news can doesn't always pick up smaller media outlets. There also seems to be international scope with their medical care for victims of combat. Thenigmachine (talk) 00:02, 26 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep Sure, it could use more sourcing, but they seem to be partnered with a number of recognized non-profits. While they do not have the biggest name recognition, their mission is large. M1c4a3l (talk) 01:28, 27 September 2017 (UTC)


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User:YEETAIDEND

Area 51 Raid

The most historical event of the early 21st century started off as a simple joke on the popular social media page "Facebook" grew into a massive organized event. Influential speakers such as Pewdiepie were among the many to spread the word. Various internet sensations known as memes spawned, and the world was waiting for Armegeddon to begin. On September 20th, only about 150 people showed up. It seemed like the talks of invading the base were wrong. But 6 months later, the other million people showed up and Natuto ran towards the base. The American military base was overrun and the internet warriors won. Countless secret world projects were there, including captive aliens from the Andromeda galaxy. This sparked a global debate as to what humanity should do about the aliens. The United Nations voted to dispose of all traces of alien life. The aliens were peaceful, even though they were captured on warcrafts. The several million people behind the raid were granted entry into the spacecrafts soon after the world led a strike against them. There was no bloodshed, and the millions of people went into space through a wormhole. Graciously, those noble heroes came back to gift Earth with advanced knowledge and technology.

title: User:YEETAIDEND


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Sperm precedence

Sperm precedence, also known as sperm predominance, is tendency of a female who has been bred by multiple males to give birth to their offspring in unequal proportions. Sperm precedence is an important factor in the sperm competition.

Sperm precedence can be temporal, favoring either the first or last male to breed the female (the former is known as first sperm precedence and the latter is known as last sperm precedence), or it can favor the male whose sperm are the most motile, or the male whose sperm were delivered closest to the female's ova. First male sperm precedence is seen in a variety of species, including the common crab spider, Misumena vatia.

title: Sperm precedence


text:
Haris Hajdarević

Haris Hajdarević (born 7 October 1998) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Serbian SuperLiga club Radnik Surdulica.

Club career
Born in Sarajevo, Hajdarević started playing football at his hometown club Željezničar, who loaned him to Sloboda Tuzla in 2020. In January 2021, he left Željezničar and joined Turkish club Boluspor for an undisclosed transfer fee.

In August 2021, Hajdarević returned to Željezničar. He made his second debut for the club in a Sarajevo derby game against FK Sarajevo on 22 September 2021.

In July 2023, Hajdarević left Željezničar to join Serbian SuperLiga side Radnik Surdulica.

International career
Hajdarević was a member of the Bosnia and Herzegovina national under-21 team.

Honours
Željezničar
 * Bosnian Cup: 2017–18

title: Haris Hajdarević


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Category:Gymnasts at the 2012 Summer Olympics

This category included gymnasts who participated in the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom.


text:
Ravage (Marvel Comics)

Ravage (Geoffrey Crawford) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is also one of the Hulk's enemies.

Fictional character biography
Dr. Geoffrey Crawford was a professor at Desert State University who took undergraduate Bruce Banner under his wing to mentor him. Years later, Banner went to see his teacher and aid him in finding a cure for the Hulk. At this time, Crawford is paraplegic, but nevertheless able to create a machine that could filter out the gamma radiation from Bruce's body. He saw this as a way to regain his walking ability. By obtaining some samples of the Hulk's DNA, he knew it would allow him to use these recuperative powers on himself. First, Crawford reconfigured his own DNA so that it can match with Banner's. This turned him into a stronger beast similar to the Hulk: the monster called Ravage.

Ravage is more powerful than the Hulk and slightly larger. The key element which makes Ravage such a dangerous enemy is that he still has Dr. Crawford's mind and lust for power. Just after his first transformation, Ravage attacks Hulk, but he soon reverts to Crawford at sunrise, much like Banner initially transformed into the Hulk during nightfall and reverted to Banner at sunrise. Crawford turns Banner over to General Ross for fear of being stopped from becoming Ravage again.

Crawford adjusted his machine so that it will change him into Ravage permanently. He then attacks the university as Ravage and terrorizes those who had pitied him as Crawford. Ravage is only stopped when the Hulk formed an unlikely alliance with General Ross that allows his army to trap the villain in a state of suspended animation.

Powers and abilities
Ravage possesses immense strength, durability, and leaping while maintaining his own intellect. In this form, he was bigger and slightly stronger than the Hulk himself. He have acquired these amazing regenerative capabilities, as well as immunity to all known diseases from Banner. Crawford is highly skilled in the field of physics, even when power hungry.

Other versions
In the Ultimate Marvel universe, although Ravage/Dr. Geoffrey Crawford has never appeared, there are some links of him in other Hulk related characters. The character of Tyrone Cash, a vicious mobster with Hulk abilities is portrayed as a former mentor of Bruce Banner, and once was a frail scientist, Dr. Leonard Williams with MS, (much like Crawford) and the Ultimate Marvel version of Dr. Samuel Sterns is a bitter, old, wheelchair-using man who became a Hulk/Leader-like monster.

In other media

 * Dr. Geoffrey Crawford / Ravage appears as a boss in Hulk, voiced by Paul Dobson. In the hopes of regaining his mobility and helping the Leader create an army of gamma warriors, Crawford tricks Banner into allowing him to use a "gamma orb" to absorb his gamma energy, claiming he wants to help cure Banner of the Hulk. Transforming into Ravage, Crawford summons two gamma creatures to assist him in fighting Banner as the Hulk until he is defeated and reverted to normal. Realizing the Leader had manipulated him, Crawford apologizes to Banner, though he later mounts a failed attempt at rebuilding the gamma orb so he can turn himself back into Ravage.
 * Ravage appears as an unlockable playable character in Lego Marvel's Avengers.

title: Ravage (Marvel Comics)


text:
558th Volksgrenadier Division

The 558th Volksgrenadier Division (German: 558. Volksgrenadier-Division) was a volksgrenadier infantry division of the German Army during World War II, active from 1944 to 1945.

The division was established on 11 July 1944 at the Grafenwöhr military training area in Wehrkreis XIII  in Nürnberg under the designation Sperr-Division 558. On 17 July 1944, the division was renamed as the '''558. Grenadier Division'''.

In August and September 1944 the unit fought against the Red Army in Lithuania and in the Suwałki area in Poland. On October 9, 1944, the division was renamed the 558th Volksgrenadier Division. This unit fought in East Prussia and in the Heiligenbeil Pocket. The remnants of the unit went into Soviet captivity near Pillau.

Its commanders were :
 * Generalleutnant Arthur Kullmer (15 July 1944 - 5 april 1945)
 * Generalleutnant Werner von Bercken (5 april 1945 - 28 Apr 1945)

title: 558th Volksgrenadier Division


text:
Talk:List of awards and nominations received by Ali Zafar

What needs editing here?
I was wondering if anyone could tell me some grammar mistakes that need fixing here? Thanks! --Filmlover12 (talk) 10:10, 7 February 2021 (UTC)

 * , Nothing in particular. It just needs some ce for some sentences and paragraphs. If you'd look at the article closely you may find where it needs fixing. Thank you. Empire AS    Talk ! 18:46, 12 February 2021 (UTC)


text:
David H. Wheeler

David Hilton Wheeler (November 18, 1829 – June 18, 1902) was a 19th-century American academic, newspaperman and college president, and also served as the US ambassador to Italy under the Lincoln administration. Active in politics, he was a fierce advocate of public education, which was then a core part of the Republican party platform. In the 1850s, he taught at Cornell College in Iowa and Shimer College in Illinois. He later taught at Northwestern University, where he served as interim president from 1867 to 1869. He subsequently became president of Allegheny College, serving from 1883 to 1888 and again from 1890 to 1893. In addition to his educational and political work, he was known for his writings on Italian history, including Brigandage in South Italy .

Early life and education
Wheeler was born in Ithaca, New York in 1829; his parents moved the family to Illinois in 1846. He entered the Rock River Seminary in 1848, completing his studies in 1851.

Career
Wheeler first joined the staff of Cornell College in 1853, as an instructor in Greek.

Because of his wife's connections to Mount Carroll, Illinois, Wheeler early joined the faculty of the Mount Carroll Seminary (which later became Shimer College). He is listed in the school's first and second catalogs, issued in 1855 and 1856, as a professor of elocution. He also served for a time as editor of the town newspaper, the Carroll County Republican, and was active in working for educational reform and the formation of a union school in the community.

Wheeler returned to Cornell in 1857, and continued to teach there until receiving the ambassadorship to Italy in 1861. He received an honorary M.A. from Cornell in 1858, which was later followed by an honorary doctor of divinity in 1867.

Wheeler obtained the Italian ambassadorship due to his effective service to the 1860 presidential campaign of Abraham Lincoln. In Italy, he published a two-volume study of Italian brigandage and a translation of The Conspiracy of Gianluigi Fieschi. For a time after leaving the ambassadorship, he served as a foreign correspondent for the Chicago Tribune and New York Tribune. In 1867, he returned to the United States, not wishing to raise his children overseas, and took a position as a professor of English literature at Northwestern University.

Wheeler obtained his first taste of administrative grandeur when he assumed the presidency of Northwestern University on an interim basis in 1868. He stepped down from the post in 1869, but continued at Northwestern as a professor until 1875. From 1875 to 1883 he worked as editor of The Methodist magazine.

From 1883 to 1888, and again from 1890 to 1893, Wheeler served as president of Allegheny College in Pennsylvania. There he saw the college through a difficult period of internal dissension, and oversaw administrative and curricular changes that included the start of postgraduate education at Allegheny. Exhaustion compelled him to retire in 1893.

Wheeler died of apoplexy at his home in Meadville, Pennsylvania in 1902.

Writings

 * Brigandage in South Italy (1864)
 * The conspiracy of Gianluigi Fieschi, or, Genoa in the sixteenth century (1866)
 * "Political Economy of the Fire" (1872)
 * By-ways of Literature (1883)
 * Our Industrial Utopia and its Unhappy Citizens (1895)

title: David H. Wheeler


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User:Izzibrombrom

Izzi Bromley
Izzi Bromley is a Fabulous person she is ongoing and just anyway possible AMAZING!

title: User:Izzibrombrom


text:
rightism

Noun

 * 1)  Belief in, or support of, the principles of the political right.
 * 2)  An act or statement supporting the political right.

Translations

 * Azerbaijani: sağçılıq
 * Spanish: derechismo

title: rightism


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Frances Moloney

Lady Frances Isabella Sophia Mary Moloney (née Lewis; 18 April 1873 – 15 August 1959) was an Irish socialite who in widowhood co-founded the Missionary Sisters of St. Columban and became a nun, taking the religious name Sister Mary Patrick. She was the daughter of Henry Owen Lewis, a Catholic landowner and MP. She married Cornelius Alfred Moloney, a colonial governor. When he retired she worked on the society page of London magazines. After his 1913 death she contemplated religious life and in 1918 John Blowick persuaded her to help the priests of the Maynooth Mission to China (later the Missionary Society of St. Columban). In 1924 with Blowick and Mary Martin she co-founded the Missionary Sisters of St. Columban, a female auxiliary to the priests. She served in China from 1926 to 1936, and thereafter headed promotional work in Ireland as superior general until 1946 and vicar general until 1952.

title: Frances Moloney


text:
Cookbook talk:Coq au Vin I

Edit History from Coq au Vin

* (cur) (last). . 23:05, 22 Feb 2004. . Karen Johnson (transwikiing recipe, leaving text) * (cur) (last). . M 10:57, 27 Dec 2003. . Bogdangiusca * (cur) (last). . 15:08, 5 Oct 2003. . Someone else * (cur) (last). . 14:55, 5 Oct 2003. . <IP_ADDRESS>   * (cur) (last). . 14:55, 5 Oct 2003. . <IP_ADDRESS>   * (cur) (last). . 14:54, 5 Oct 2003. . <IP_ADDRESS>   * (cur) (last). . M 05:58, 1 Jul 2003. . Babyluck (comma to semicolon) * (cur) (last). . 00:43, 12 Jun 2003. . Fraise (Coq au Vin)

Metric version has:

20% more salt 20% less pepper 10% more chicken 12% less wine

Coq is not chicken, but rooster. And a traditional coq au vin should cook for longer than 1 1/2 hours.

title: Cookbook talk:Coq au Vin I


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French/Lessons/Shopping

Direct objects
While the subject of a sentence initiates an action (the verb), the direct object is the one that is affected by the action. A direct object pronoun is used to refer to the direct object of a previous sentence:

The following table shows the various types of direct object pronouns:

Notes:
 * 1 me, te, nous, and vous are also used as indirect objects to mean to me, to you, to us, and to you respectively.
 * The pronoun form with an apostrophe is used before a vowel.
 * The direct object pronoun for nous and vous is the same as the subject.
 * When the direct object comes before a verb in a perfect tense, a tense that uses a past participle, the direct object must agree in gender and number with the past participle. For example, in the phrase Je les ai eus, or I had them, the past participle would be spelled eus if the direct object, les, was referring to a masculine object, and eues if les is referring to a feminine object.

Indirect objects
An indirect object is an object that would be asked for with To whom...? or From whom...?. It is called indirect because it occurs usually together with a direct object which is affected directly by the action:

The following table shows the various types of indirect object pronouns:

Notes:
 * 1 me, te, nous, and vous are also used as direct objects to mean me, you, us, and you respectively.
 * The pronoun form with an apostrophe is used before a vowel.
 * The indirect object pronoun for nous and vous is the same as the subject.
 * The indirect object pronouns do not agree with the past participle like the direct object pronouns do. When me, te, nous, and vous are used in a perfect tense, the writer must decide whether they are used as direct or indirect object pronouns. This is done by looking at the verb and seeing what type of action is being performed.

The bread is given by the man (direct). Pierre gets the given bread (indirect).

Example :
 * Vendeur : Bonjour madame. Est-ce que je peux vous aider ?
 * Cliente : Oui, je voudrais un sac.
 * Vendeur : De quelle couleur svp ?
 * Cliente : Je voudrais le sac bleu.
 * Vendeur : Bien. Regardez celui-ci, il est beau.
 * Cliente : Oui j'adore merci.

-e…er are regular -er verbs, but also are stem changing. The stem change applies to all forms except nous and vous. The stem change involves adding a grave accent ( ` ) over the e in the stem.

 * 1) French butchers do not sell pork, pork products, nor horsemeat. For these products, go to a charcuterie. However, a lot of boucheries are also charcuteries, and are called boucherie-charcuterie
 * 2) In France, bakeries only sell fresh bread; e.g. the bread is baked on site. Places where they sell bread that is not fresh are called dépôt de pain.
 * 3) 'Charcuteries' sell things besides pork products, including pâté, salami, cold meats, salads, quiches and pizzas.
 * 4) An alternative to an 'épicerie' is an alimentation générale (a general foodstore).

-yer verbs are irregular -er verbs. When y is part of the last syllable, it changes to i in order to keep the ay sound. In the present indicative of -yer verbs, this affects all forms except nous and vous. Some -yer verbs, such as payer, may optionally retain the y.

Formation
In the present indicative, is conjugated as follows:

Many of the verbs you have learned so far have irregular past participles.
 * avoir:
 * croire:
 * être:
 * faire:
 * prendre:
 * voir:

title: French/Lessons/Shopping


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User:Doctorxgc/sandbox/Naylorbio

Carlos Alberto Pablo Hernandez (born January 14, 1971) is an American writer of science-fiction and fantasy. He is best known for the young adult novels Sal and Gabi Break the Universe, which won the 2020 Pura Belpré Award, and its sequel, Sal and Gabi Fix the Universe.

Career
Hernandez earned his Ph. D. in English, with an emphasis in Creative Writing, from Binghamton University in 2000. He is an English professor at the City University of New York in the Borough of Manhattan Community College campus. He also teaches in the Interactive Technology and Pedagogy Program in CUNY’s Graduate Center.

Hernandez’s interest in game-based learning led him to co-found the CUNY Games Network and the Board Game Designers Group of New York. He has served as lead writer and a game designer on Meriwether, a computer role-playing game charting the voyage of the Lewis and Clark expedition released in 2017 and as literary curator on the 2020 Apple Arcade game Dear Reader, a word- and literature-identification game. He is currently finalizing Negocios Infernales, a tabletop roleplaying game he co-created with C. S. E. Cooney, for Outland Entertainment.

Personal life
Hernandez lives in Queens, New York, with his wife, World Fantasy Award author C. S. E. Cooney.

Sal and Gabi series
Main article: Sal and Gabi Break the Universe

Main article: Sal and Gabi Fix the Universe

The Sal and Gabi novels are works of young adult fiction that mix Cuban traditions and beliefs with science fiction. The books follow the adventures of Sal Vidón and his best friend Gabi Reál as they handle the consequences of Sal’s ability to open portals to alternate universes, all the while attending Miami’s premier magnet school, Culeco Academy of the Arts.

The first Sal and Gabi novel was described by Kirkus Reviews as “a breath of fresh air” while Publishers Weekly gave both novels starred reviews, applauding Break the Universe’s “nonstop sense of wonder [that] accompanies a genuinely heartwarming and humorous tone” and concluding that “Sal and Gabi are clearly a fictional team destined for greatness.”

The Assimilated Cuban’s Guide to Quantum Santeria
A collection of twelve speculative short stories that, in the words of reviewer for the LA Review of Books, “defies categorization by bringing together elements of Latina/o and speculative writing in a masterful mashup of science, magic, and cultural belief.”

Stories included: “Aphotic Ghost,” “Homeostasis,” “Entanglements,” “International Studbook of the Giant Panda,” “Macrobe Conservation Project,” “Los Simpáticos,” “More Than Pigs and Rosaries Can Give,” “Bone of My Bone,” “Magical Properties of Unicorn Ivory,” “American Moat,” “Fantaisie Impromptu no.4 in C#min, op.66,” and “Assimilated Cuban's Guide to Quantum Santeria.”

Works
The Sal and Gabi Series

 * Sal and Gabi Break the Universe. Disney Hyperion, 2019.
 * Sal and Gabi Fix the Universe. Disney Hyperion, 2020. Winner of the 2020 Pura Belpré Award.

Short story collection

The Assimilated Cuban’s Guide to Quantum Santeria. Rosarium Publishing, 2016.

Novel

Abecedarium: A novel in ten stories. Co-authored with Davis Schneiderman. Chiasmus Media, 2007.

title: User:Doctorxgc/sandbox/Naylorbio


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User:RoxyTheBand/sandbox

Eesha And Aveneet Eesha And Aveneet are the 2 people who preform a band together. They use ideas of sentences they make up and turn those sentences into real words as in a song. They are in a band Called Roxy. Roxy Is Becoming Famous It Could get up to a million hits. Their dream is to preform on xfactor against someone who is good as them. Eesha real name is Eesha Parmar Aveneets Is Aveneet Kaur Rehensy. Roxy the band is really talened i like them A lot but they are the best singers i have ever met they could be as popular as miley cyrus or selena gomez. They are trying to fufil/achieve their goal to preform in front of everyone. Eesha and aveneet got 20 Songs Their willing to preform. They Are Really Pretty And PoPULAR TOO. I like them same amount and i hope they get even more famous.

title: User:RoxyTheBand/sandbox


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Former Nine Years' War

The Zenkunen War (前九年の役), also known in English as the Former Nine Years' War or the Early Nine Years' War, was fought between the Imperial Court and the Abe clan in Mutsu Province, in Northeast Japan, from 1051 to 1062. It resulted in Imperial Court victory and the surrender of Abe no Sadato. Like the other major conflicts of the Heian period, such as the Gosannen War and the Genpei War, the Zenkunen war was a struggle for power within the samurai clans.

Background
While most provinces were overseen by just a Governor, Mutsu, in what is now the Tohoku region, had a military general in charge of controlling the Emishi natives, who had been subjugated when the Japanese took over the area in the ninth century. Historically, this post was always held by a member of the Abe clan, and there were many conflicts between the Abe general and the Governor over administrative control of the province.

In 1050, the general overseeing the Emishi was Abe no Yoritoki, who levied taxes and confiscated property on his own, rarely paying any heed to the wishes of the province's Governor. The Governor sent word to the capital in Kyoto asking for help, and as a result Minamoto no Yoriyoshi was appointed both Governor and commander-in-chief over controlling the natives. He was sent with his son Yoshiie, then age fifteen, to stop Abe.

War
The fighting lasted for twelve years, or nine if one subtracts short periods of ceasefire and peace. Skirmishes were fierce and many, but few major battles were fought until the Battle of Kawasaki in 1057. Abe no Yoritoki had been killed shortly before, and the Minamoto were now fighting his son, Abe no Sadato, who defeated them at Kawasaki and pursued them through a blizzard.

The government forces, led by the Minamoto, had much trouble for quite some time, due to the harsh terrain and weather, but were eventually reinforced with new troops, including many offered by the Governor, a member of the Kiyohara clan, of the nearby Dewa Province. In 1062, Minamoto no Yoriyoshi, along with his son, led an assault on an Abe fortress at Siege of Kuriyagawa. They diverted the water supply, stormed the earthworks and stockade, and set the fortress aflame. After two days of fighting, Sadato surrendered.

Legacy
Minamoto no Yoshiie is thus considered the founder of the Minamoto clan's great martial legacy, and is worshiped as a particularly special and powerful ancestor kami of the clan. As a kami and a legend, he is often called Hachimantarō, "Son of Hachiman".

A famous renga from the Kokon Chomonjū was exchanged between Sadato and Yoshiie when Sadato was forced to flee his castle on the Koromo River. Yoshiie said, Koromo no tate wa hokorobinikeri, Koromo Castle has been destroyed ("The warps of your robe have come undone"), to which Sadato replied, toshi o heshi ito no midare no kurushisa ni, "over the years its threads became tangled, and this pains me."

title: Former Nine Years' War


text:
User:Deepak Kumar Sahu(BSES Delhi)

Gentleman Deepak Kumar Sahu (born April 15, 1989 in Nauhai Rath, Hamirpur,Uttar Pradesh) is an Indian Job Person.

He won the Silver Medal in 12nth Results at the 2005at sarashvati bal mandir,rath hamirpur UP in [[UP Board.He is the first person (Sahu Family) to pass a B.Tech(Electrical Engineering) Exam from HBTI Kanpur, Afer He got Job at BSES delhi as Assistant manager..

Career
He was very poor in education in intial stage but after some hard working he got a good job at BSES Rajdhani Power Ltd. Nehru Place New Delhi-110019.

title: User:Deepak Kumar Sahu(BSES Delhi)


text:
User:Wizben mateli

Benjamin Mateli Kyalo is a Kenyan filmmaker, visual effects artist, graphics artist and film editor. He is best known for his YouTube channel; wizben mateli[ ]

title: User:Wizben mateli


text:
嘉德門

Etymology
Literally: Gate (at the entrance of the hall of) Resplendent Virtue

Proper noun

 * 1)  one of the gates of Changle Palace (長樂宮), in Luoyang

title: 嘉德門


text:
User:Mrclarke1973

Joseph William Clarke Jr

Also known as Capital LS started his rap career signed to RCA records in 1993. Joseph was born in Rockville Center, Long Island New York. Mother Ruth Ann Stewart and Father Joseph Clarke Sr.

title: User:Mrclarke1973


text:
Apollo Theater Chicago

The Apollo Theater Chicago was built in Chicago's Lincoln Park neighborhood in 1978, by theatre producers Jason Brett and Stuart Oken. Located at 2540 N. Lincoln Ave., the Apollo has 430 seats and a lobby featuring art exhibits and a full bar. The theatre is also the home of the Emerald City Theatre Company. The Apollo Theater Chicago has no relation to the Apollo Theater in New York City.

History

The Apollo Theater Chicago is not the first Chicago theater to bear the name Apollo. In 1921, theatrical producer A. H. Woods opened the Apollo Theatre in the Chicago Loop District, at the corner of Randolph and Dearborn Streets. Originally operated as a playhouse, the old Apollo Theatre was sold in 1927 to United Artists Corporation and was renamed the United Artists Theatre. It was demolished in 1989.

In 1991 Michael Leavitt and Fox Theatricals took ownership of the Lincoln Park venue, then in 1996 Rob Kolsen took over.

In 2005, a smaller 50 seat second stage was built, in what was formerly the Act One Bookstore. The smaller venue is popular for comedy, sketch shows, and improv theater.

Productions
Notable productions at the new Apollo included David Mamet's Sexual Perversity in Chicago starring James Belushi, Balm in Gilead with John Malkovich and Gary Sinise, the long running play The Vagina Monologues, and A Nutcracker Christmas written by children's recording artist Ralph Covert and G. Riley Mills. From October 1, 2008 to January 17, 2016, the Musical Million Dollar Quartet played at the venue, making it the longest running Broadway musical in Chicago.

title: Apollo Theater Chicago


text:
Hideyoshi Kagawa

Hideyoshi Kagawa (born 14 August 1987) is a Japanese karateka. He won the silver medal in the men's kumite +84 kg event at the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon, South Korea. In the final, he lost against Rashed Al-Mutairi of Kuwait.

In 2017, he won the gold medal in the men's kumite +84 kg event at the World Games held in Wrocław, Poland. In the final, he defeated Sajjad Ganjzadeh of Iran.

At the 2019 Asian Karate Championships held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, he won the silver medal in the men's kumite +84 kg event. In the final, he lost against Tareg Hamedi of Saudi Arabia.

title: Hideyoshi Kagawa


text:
Eudendrium ritchiei

Eudendrium ritchiei is a marine species of cnidaria, a hydroid (Hydrozoa) in the family Eudendriidae.

title: Eudendrium ritchiei


text:
Talk:Arun Sarin

Proposed change
Hi there,

I'd like to propose a couple of changes to this article for the sake of accuracy. To be transparent, I'm a Vodafone employee.

The first change I propose relates to the sentence "He writes an infrequent note to all Vodafone staff". Arun sends this out every month, so I guess this should be reflected in the text.

The second proposed change is an update of Vodafone Essar's market position from 4 to 3. As of August 2007, Vodafone was the third largest operator in India by customer numbers, according to the latest figures from the COAI (Cellular Operators Association of India) which represents GSM operators and the AUSPI (Association of Unified Telecom Service providers of India) which represents CDMA operators. These industry figures put Bharti on 46.8m customers, Reliance on 34.5m (GSM and CDMA customers), VOD Essar on 34.1m, and BSNL on 29.7m. September CDMA customer subscription numbers are not yet available.

Hope to put these changes in over the weekend in the spirit of improving the article.

Cheers Sierputowska 09:53, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 08:22, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arun Sarin


text:
Roy I. Sano

Roy Isao Sano (born 1931) is a retired Japanese-American bishop of the United Methodist Church, elected in 1984.

Sano was born on 18 June 1931 in Brawley, California, of Japanese immigrants to the United States. Upon the death of their third child, Roy's parents were converted to Christianity. When Roy was eleven, his family was sent to the Poston War Relocation Center, and then to Pennsylvania under the sponsorship of a Quaker family, where they worked as farm workers. It was during this time that Roy felt a call to the ministry. After World War II the Sanos returned to California, uniting members of their family who had served in the U.S. Armed Forces and those who had served in the Imperial Japanese Army. He is married to Kathleen Thomas-Sano and is the father of three children.

Sano completed his undergraduate studies at the University of California at Los Angeles, majoring in American history. During college he served student pastorates at Oxnard, California (1950–54), and as associate pastor at Christ Church in Santa Maria, California. He was ordained deacon in 1954 by Bishop Donald H. Tippett. He earned his M. Div. at Union Theological Seminary, New York City, in 1957. While in seminary he served as minister of education for the Japanese-American congregation of the United Church of Christ in New York City. Upon seminary graduation he became a member in full connection of the California-Nevada Annual Conference of the U.M. Church and was ordained elder (again by Bishop Tippett). He was then appointed as pastor of the Loomis, California church where we served seven years. Sano did further graduate work at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, earning the M.Th. degree in 1968. He completed his doctoral studies in philosophy at Claremont Graduate School (Ph.D., 1972). During these years he was associate pastor at Wesley Church in San Jose, and then at the Centenary Church in Los Angeles. In 1969 Sano became the chaplain and an assistant professor of religion at Mills College, positions he held until 1976.

During 1972–78 Sano was the director of the Pacific and Asian American Center for Theology and Strategies in Berkeley. He was visiting associate (1975–78), associate (1978–83), and then professor of theology and Pacific and Asian American Ministries at the Pacific School of Religion, serving in this position when elected to the episcopacy in 1984 by the Western Jurisdictional Conference of the U.M. Church. Upon his election as bishop, Sano was assigned to the Denver Episcopal Area. He also served for eight years on the U.M. General Board of Global Ministries. In 1992 he was assigned to the Los Angeles Area (1992–2000). During this time he served also on the U.M. General Board of Church and Society and the General Commission on Christian Unity and Interreligious Concerns.

Sano retired in 2000. He served as executive secretary of the Council of Bishops of The United Methodist Church in Washington, D.C. from 2004 to 2008. He now makes his home in Oakland, California.

title: Roy I. Sano


text:
Engineering Thermodynamics/Second Law

Introduction
The first law is a statement of energy conservation. The rise in temperature of a substance when work is done is well known. Thus work can be completely converted to heat. However, we observe that in nature, we don't see the conversion in the other direction spontaneously.

The statement of the second law is facilitated by using the concept of heat engines. Heat engines work in a cycle and convert heat into work. A thermal reservoir is defined as a system which is in equilibrium and large enough so that heat transferred to and from it does not change its temperature appreciably.

Heat Engine
Heat engines work between two thermal reservoirs, the low temperature reservoir and the high temperature reservoir. The performance of a heat engine is measured by its thermal efficiency, which is defined as the ratio of work output to heat input, i.e., η = W/Q1, where W is the net work done, and Q1 is heat transferred from the high temperature reservoir.

Heat Pumps
Heat pumps transfer heat from a low temperature reservoir to a high temperature reservoir using external work, and can be considered as reversed heat engines.

Kelvin-Planck Statement
"It is impossible to construct a heat engine which will operate continuously and convert all the heat it draws from a reservoir into work."

In other words, "It is impossible to have a heat engine which works in cycle and does work by exchanging heat with only one reservoir."

Clausius Statement
"It is impossible to construct a heat pump which will transfer heat from a low temperature reservoir to a high temperature reservoir without using external work."

In other words, "It is impossible for heat to flow from a low temperature (sink) to a high temperature (source) without external work."

PMM2
A perpetual motion machine of the second kind, or PMM2 is one which converts 100% of the heat input into work while working in a cycle. A machine like this would violate the second law of thermodynamics, and would therefore be impossible to build. A PMM2 has an ηth of 1.

Equivalence of Clausius and Kelvin-Planck Statements

Suppose we can construct a heat pump which transfers heat from a low temperature reservoir to a high temperature one without using external work. Then, we can couple it with a heat engine in such a way that the heat removed by the heat pump from the low temperature reservoir is the same as the heat rejected by the heat engine, so that the combined system is now a heat engine which converts heat to work without any external effect. This is thus in violation of the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law.

Now suppose we have a heat engine which can convert heat into work without rejecting heat anywhere else. We can combine it with a heat pump so that the work produced by the engine is used by the pump. Now the combined system is a heat pump which uses no external work, violating the Clausius statement of the second law.

Thus, we see that the Clausius and Kelvin-Planck statements are equivalent, and one necessarily implies the other.

Carnot Cycle
Nicholas Sadi Carnot devised a reversible cycle in 1824 called the Carnot cycle for an engine working between two reservoirs at different temperatures. It consists of two reversible isothermal and two reversible adiabatic processes. For a cycle 1-2-3-4, the working material
 * 1) Undergoes isothermal expansion in 1-2 while absorbing heat from high temperature reservoir
 * 2) Undergoes adiabatic expansion in 2-3
 * 3) Undergoes isothermal compression in 3-4, and
 * 4) Undergoes adiabatic compression in 4-1.

Heat is transferred to the working material during 1-2 (Q1) and heat is rejected during 3-4 (Q2). The thermal efficiency is thus ηth = W/Q1. Applying first law, we have, W = Q1 − Q2, so that ηth = 1 − Q2/Q1.

Carnot's principle states that
 * 1) No heat engine working between two thermal reservoirs is more efficient than the Carnot engine, and
 * 2) All Carnot engines working between reservoirs of the same temperature have the same efficiency.

The proof by contradiction of the above statements come from the second law, by considering cases where they are violated. For instance, if you had a Carnot engine which was more efficient than another one, we could use that as a heat pump (since processes in a Carnot cycle are reversible) and combine with the other engine to produce work without heat rejection, to violate the second law. A corollary of the Carnot principle is that Q2/Q1 is purely a function of t2 and t1, the reservoir temperatures. Or,

$$ \frac{Q_1}{Q_2} = \phi \left(   t_1, t_2  \right)$$

Thermodynamic Temperature Scale
Lord Kelvin used Carnot's principle to establish the thermodynamic temperature scale which is independent of the working material. He considered three temperatures, t1, t2, and t3, such that t1 > t3 > t2.

As shown in the previous section, the ratio of heat transferred only depends on the temperatures. Considering reservoirs 1 and 2:

$$ \frac{Q_1}{Q_2} = \phi \left(   t_1, t_2  \right)$$

Considering reservoirs 2 and 3:

$$ \frac{Q_2}{Q_3} = \phi \left(   t_2, t_3  \right)$$

Considering reservoirs 1 and 3:

$$ \frac{Q_1}{Q_3} = \phi \left(   t_1, t_3  \right)$$

Eliminating the heat transferred, we have the following condition for the function φ.

$$ \phi \left(   t_1, t_2   \right) = \frac{\phi \left(   t_1, t_3    \right)}{\phi \left(   t_2, t_3    \right)}$$

Now, it is possible to choose an arbitrary temperature for 3, so it is easy to show using elementary multivariate calculus that φ can be represented in terms of an increasing function of temperature ζ as follows:

$$ \phi \left(   t_1, t_2   \right) = \frac{\zeta \left(   t_1    \right)}{\zeta \left(   t_2    \right)} $$

Now, we can have a one to one association of the function ζ with a new temperature scale called the thermodynamic temperature scale, T, so that

$$\frac{Q_1}{Q_2} = \frac{T_1}{T_2}$$

Thus we have the thermal efficiency of a Carnot engine as

$$\eta_{th} = 1 - \frac{T_2}{T_1}$$

The thermodynamic temperature scale is also known as the Kelvin scale, and it needs only one fixed point, as the other one is absolute zero. The concept of absolute zero will be further refined during the statement of the third law of thermodynamics.

 * 1st Law:  Energy can neither be created or destroyed
 * 2nd Law: All spontaneous events act to increase total entropy
 * 3rd Law: Absolute zero is removal of all thermal molecular motion

Reservoir
Reservoirs are systems of large quantity of matter which no temperature difference will occur when finite amount of heat is transferred or removed. Examples of reservoirs are atmosphere, oceans, seas etc.

Clausius Theorem
Clausius theorem states that any reversible process can be replaced by a combination of reversible isothermal and adiabatic processes.

Consider a reversible process a-b. A series of isothermal and adiabatic processes can replace this process if the heat and work interaction in those processes is the same as that in the process a-b. Let this process be replaced by the process a-c-d-b, where a-c and d-b are reversible adiabatic processes, while c-d is a reversible isothermal process. The isothermal line is chosen such that the area a-e-c is the same as the area b-e-d. Now, since the area under the p-V diagram is the work done for a reversible process, we have, the total work done in the cycle a-c-d-b-a is zero. Applying the first law, we have, the total heat transferred is also zero as the process is a cycle. Since a-c and d-b are adiabatic processes, the heat transferred in process c-d is the same as that in the process a-b. Now applying first law between the states a and b along a-b and a-c-d-b, we have, the work done is the same. Thus the heat and work in the process a-b and a-c-d-b are the same and any reversible process a-b can be replaced with a combination of isothermal and adiabatic processes, which is the Clausius theorem.

A corollary of this theorem is that any reversible cycle can be replaced by a series of Carnot cycles.

Suppose each of these Carnot cycles absorbs heat dQ1i at temperature T1i and rejects heat dQ2i at T2i. Then, for each of these engines, we have dQ1i/dQ2i = −T1i/T2i. The negative sign is included as the heat lost from the body has a negative value. Summing over a large number of these cycles, we have, in the limit,

$$\oint_R \frac{dQ}{T} = 0$$

This means that the quantity dQ/T is a property. It is given the name entropy.

Further, using Carnot's principle, for an irreversible cycle, the efficiency is less than that for the Carnot cycle, so that

$$\eta_{irr} = 1 - \frac{dQ_2}{dQ_1} < \eta_{Carnot}$$

$$\frac{dQ_1}{T_1} - \frac{dQ_2}{T_2} < 0$$

As the heat is transferred out of the system in the second process, we have, assuming the normal conventions for heat transfer,

$$\frac{dQ_1}{T_1} + \frac{dQ_2}{T_2} < 0$$

So that, in the limit we have,

$$\oint_{I} \frac{dQ}{T} < 0$$

$$\oint \frac{dQ}{T_{reservoir}} \leq 0$$

The above inequality is called the inequality of Clausius. Here the equality holds in the reversible case.

Entropy
Entropy is the quantitative statement of the second law of thermodynamics. It is represented by the symbol S, and is defined by

$$dS \equiv \left( \frac{dQ}{T} \right)_{rev} $$

Note that as we have used the Carnot cycle, the temperature is the reservoir temperature. However, for a reversible process, the system temperature is the same as the reversible temperature.

Consider a system undergoing a cycle 1-2-1, where it returns to the original state along a different path. Since entropy of the system is a property, the change in entropy of the system in 1-2 and 2-1 are numerically equal. Suppose reversible heat transfer takes place in process 1-2 and irreversible heat transfer takes place in process 2-1. Applying Clausius's inequality, it is easy to see that the heat transfer in process 2-1 dQirr is less than T dS. That is, in an irreversible process the same change in entropy takes place with a lower heat transfer. As a corollary, the change in entropy in any process, dS, is related to the heat transfer dQ as

dS ≥ dQ/T

For an isolated system, dQ = 0, so that we have

dSisolated ≥ 0

This is called the principle of increase of entropy and is an alternative statement of the second law.

Further, for the whole universe, we have

ΔS = ΔSsys + ΔSsurr > 0

For a reversible process,

ΔSsys = (Q/T)rev = −ΔSsurr

So that

ΔSuniverse = 0

for a reversible process.

Since T and S are properties, you can use a T-S graph instead of a p-V graph to describe the change in the system undergoing a reversible cycle. We have, from the first law, dQ + dW = 0. Thus the area under the T-S graph is the work done by the system. Further, the reversible adiabatic processes appear as vertical lines in the graph, while the reversible isothermal processes appear as horizontal lines.

Entropy for an Ideal Gas
An ideal gas obeys the equation pv = RT. According to the first law,

dQ + dW = dU

For a reversible process, according to the definition of entropy, we have

dQ = T dS

Also, the work done is the pressure volume work, so that

dW = -p dV

The change in internal energy:

dU = m cv dT

T dS = p dV + m cv dT

Taking per unit quantities and applying ideal gas equation,

ds = R dV/v + cv dT/T

$$\Delta s = R \ln \frac{v_2}{v_1} + c_v \ln \frac{T_2}{T_1}$$

As a general rule, all things being equal, entropy increases as, temperature increases and as pressure and concentration decreases and energy stored as internal energy has higher entropy than energy which is stored as kinetic energy.

Availability
From the second law of thermodynamics, we see that we cannot convert all the heat energy to work. If we consider the aim of extracting useful work from heat, then only some of the heat energy is available to us. It was previously said that an engine working with a reversible cycle was more efficient than an irreversible engine. Now, we consider a system which interacts with a reservoir and generates work, i.e., we look for the maximum work that can be extracted from a system given that the surroundings are at a particular temperature.

Consider a system interacting with a reservoir and doing work in the process. Suppose the system changes state from 1 to 2 while it does work. We have, according to the first law,

dQ - dW = dE,

where dE is the change in the internal energy of the system. Since it is a property, it is the same for both the reversible and irreversible process. For an irreversible process, it was shown in a previous section that the heat transferred is less than the product of temperature and entropy change. Thus the work done in an irreversible process is lower, from first law.

Availability Function
The availability function is given by Φ, where

Φ ≡ E − T0S

where T0 is the temperature of the reservoir with which the system interacts. The availability function gives the effectiveness of a process in producing useful work. The above definition is useful for a non-flow process. For a flow process, it is given by

Ψ ≡ H − T0S

Irreversibility
Maximum work can be obtained from a system by a reversible process. The work done in an actual process will be smaller due to the irreversibilities present. The difference is called the irreversibility and is defined as

I ≡ Wrev − W

From the first law, we have

W = ΔE − Q

I = ΔE - Q - (Φ2 − Φ1)

As the system interacts with surroundings of temperature T0, we have

ΔSsurr = Q/T0

Also, since

E − Φ = T0 ΔSsys

we have

I = T0 (ΔSsys + ΔSsurr)

Thus,

I ≥ 0

I represents increase in unavailable energy.

Helmholtz and Gibbs Free Energies
Helmholtz Free Energy is defined as

F ≡ U − TS

The Helmholtz free energy is relevant for a non-flow process. For a flow process, we define the Gibbs Free Energy

G ≡ H − TS

The Helmholtz and Gibbs free energies have applications in finding the conditions for equilibrium.

title: Engineering Thermodynamics/Second Law


text:
Battle for Piva Trail

The Battle for Piva Trail was a battle between United States Marine Corps and Imperial Japanese Army forces on Bougainville Island. The battle took place on 8–9 November 1943 during the Bougainville campaign of the Pacific War in the days following the US landings at Cape Torokina earlier in the month.

The fighting took place inland from the US beachhead, as the Japanese began moving troops from the 23rd Infantry Regiment north from southern Bougainville. These troops subsequently clashed with a blocking force of US Marines that had been positioned along the Piva Trail to protect one of the key avenues of approach towards Cape Torokina. It had been intended that the 23rd Infantry Regiment would coordinate their assault with a counter landing at Koromokina Lagoon, but ultimately this did not occur as the main assault was delayed until after the counter landing was defeated. The fighting for the Piva Trail resulted in heavy casualties for the Japanese and was followed by a series of actions throughout November and December 1943 as US forces sought to expand their perimeter around Cape Torokina.

Background
In early November 1943, US forces had landed around Cape Torokina and established a beachhead, as part of Allied efforts to advance towards the main Japanese base around Rabaul, the isolation and reduction of which was a key objective of Operation Cartwheel. Facing the American beachhead at Cape Torokina were troops of the Japanese 17th Army, commanded by General Harukichi Hyakutake, the main elements of which were drawn from Lieutenant General Masatane Kanda's 6th Division. In response, the Japanese attempted a counter landing at Koromokina Lagoon and began moving reinforcements north from southern Bougainville.

To protect the narrow beachhead while further reinforcements and supplies arrived, the U.S. 2nd Marine Raider Battalion advanced inland and set up a roadblock on the Piva Trail, around the junction with the Numa–Numa Trail, one of the key avenues of approach towards Cape Torokina. In an effort to reinforce the troops landing around Koromokina Lagoon, the Japanese 23rd Infantry Regiment, advancing from southern Bougainville, was tasked with dislodging the US troops holding the Piva Trail. The Japanese intent had been to coordinate actions on both sides of the US perimeter, but ultimately the landing around Koromokina Lagoon was defeated before the 23rd Infantry Regiment could mount a full-scale attack against the Marine defenses along the Piva Trail.

Battle
On the night of 5–6 November, the Marines drove off two preliminary attacks from the Japanese 23rd Infantry Regiment. Colonel Edward A. Craig, commander of the 9th Marines to which 2nd Raider Battalion was attached, surmised that this was just a preparatory action and brought up more Raiders to reinforce the roadblock. When the Japanese attacked the following afternoon (7 November), the Marines were ready and drove the Japanese back to Piva village. Early on the morning of 8 November, Major General Shun Iwasa, commander of the Japanese 6th Division's infantry group (the Iwasa Detachment), renewed the attack with two full battalions. The Americans brought up men of the 3rd Raider Battalion to protect the flanks of the Marines already engaged, as well as some light tanks. Frontal attacks by the Japanese were repulsed.

Major General Allen H. Turnage, in command of the 3rd Marine Division, determined that the Japanese lodged on the trail represented a threat to the airstrips and had to be removed, with the assault beginning on the morning of 9 November. The Japanese had several well-placed machine guns and were attempting an attack of their own; a bloody stalemate developed. Private First Class Henry Gurke of the 3rd Marine Raider Battalion was awarded the second Medal of Honor of the Bougainville campaign during this fight by throwing himself on a grenade and saving his foxhole-mate. Marine firepower eventually proved too much for the Japanese, who retreated to and through Piva Village in the early and mid-afternoon. The Marines took possession of the vital intersection of the Piva and Numa Numa Trails.

On 10 November, an air strike consisting of 12 Avenger torpedo bombers attacked Japanese positions in front of the Marines along the Numa-Numa Trail. Around 10:00, the Marines began to advance towards the village, supported by artillery. The movement was unopposed, and large amounts of equipment and dead bodies were found around the abandoned Japanese positions. Two battalions of the 9th Marine Regiment subsequently followed them up and occupied Piva village just after 13:00. As the beachhead around Cape Torokina was expanded, the 9th Marines managed to link up with the 3rd Marines on their left. Meanwhile, the 2nd Raider Battalion was relieved and moved back into a reserve position.

Aftermath
Casualties during the fighting for Piva Trail were heavy. It is estimated that the Japanese may have lost up to 550 killed, with 125 being killed on the first day and over 140 killed on the second day. The Marines lost 20 killed and 57 wounded over the course of both days. In the aftermath, US forces began expanding the perimeter around the beachhead, systematically advancing to several inland defense lines. A reconnaissance patrol subsequently advanced up the Numa–Numa Trail and identified several sites for airfields beyond the beachhead. The 21st Marines were dispatched to advance up the Numa–Numa Trail to clear the area for construction to begin. They were subsequently ambushed, resulting in the Battle of the Coconut Grove on 13–14 November. A further action would be fought around Piva Forks in late November.

Meanwhile, further reinforcements and supplies were landed at Cape Torokina, and US Army forces began arriving to reinforce the Marines. In late December work on the airfields was complete and aerial bombing raids began against the Japanese base around Rabaul, while minelaying aircraft interdicted Japanese sea lanes of communication through the Buka Passage. Having initially held back forces to reinforce northern Bougainville, as the Japanese high command realized that the Cape Torokina lodgment was not a ruse, and would not be followed by a further assault on Buka, they slowly began moving troops from southern Bougainville, landing in small numbers around Empress Augusta Bay throughout late December. Meanwhile, several air attacks were launched on the US perimeter, while artillery was moved up and began shelling the perimeter from Hellzapoppin Ridge and Hill 600A. In late December, these features became the scene of further fighting as the 21st Marine Regiment was ordered to capture the Japanese positions. After this, there was a lull in the fighting on Bougainville as the Japanese decided to delay plans to launch a concerted counterattack, postponing the assault on Torokina until March 1944.

title: Battle for Piva Trail


text:
User:Iapetus/vandalism1

Welcome to Wikipedia. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our encyclopedia. However, unconstructive or obscene edits are considered vandalism. Some of your recent edits have fallen under this category, and have been reverted. Continuing in this manner could eventually lead to you being blocked from editing. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the hard work of others. Thank you, and enjoy positively contributing to our community.

title: User:Iapetus/vandalism1


text:
Greenlands, Queensland

Greenlands is a rural locality in the Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. In the, Greenlands had a population of 244 people.

Geography
Stanthorpe – Texas Road passes from east to west through the locality.

History
The locality is named after Bertram (Jack) Greenland, a building contractor in Stanthorpe.

Thorndale State School opened in 1915. It was relocated to a new location near Spring Creek in 1924 and opened on 12 November 1924 as Greenlands State School. (Note another Thorndale State School opened in neighbouring Thorndale in 1945).

Demographics
In the Greenlands had a population of 250 people.

In the, Greenlands had a population of 244 people.

Education
Greenlands State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 1209 Texas Road (-28.6608°N, 151.8274°W). In 2016, the school had enrolment of 106 students with 8 teachers (6 full-time equivalent) with 9 non-teaching staff (4 full-time equivalent). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 108 students with 8 teachers (6 full-time equivalent) and 8 non-teaching staff (4 full-time equivalent).

title: Greenlands, Queensland


text:
Bomb the Suburbs

Bomb The Suburbs is a collection of essays by William Upski Wimsatt, a former graffiti tagger. It is a mix of storytelling, journalism, photojournalism and original research, on a broad range of topics, such as suburban sprawl, hip hop culture, youth activism, graffiti, and Chicago. In the book Wimsatt presents hip hop as a force for social justice and political change.

Reception
The editor of Newcity has identified Bomb the Suburbs as "perhaps the definitive work of hip-hop literature".

Bomb The Suburbs led to subsequent books and political activism. In an essay in his No More Prisons compilation, entitled "In Defense of Rich Kids", Wimsatt responded to class based critique of his social privilege: "'You can hate me if you want to. I am the beneficiary of a very unfair system. The system gives me tons of free money for doing nothing, yet it forces you to work two and three jobs just to get out of debt.'"

title: Bomb the Suburbs


text:
Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2017 September 19

Template:PD-NWS

The result of the discussion was soft delete. WP:REFUND applies. Primefac (talk) 01:05, 28 September 2017 (UTC) unused, replaceable by   F ASTILY   23:33, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * PD-NWS

Template:Citation Avoiding stairs Tube guide

The result of the discussion was withdrawn by nominator. I discovered Category:Specific-source templates. (non-admin closure) Triptothecottage (talk) 01:50, 20 September 2017 (UTC) Five transclusions. I can't find any policy to support maintaining a template for the sole purpose of citing one source across a small number of articles, and quite frankly I'm not sure what the point of it is. Triptothecottage (talk) 23:28, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Citation Avoiding stairs Tube guide

Borg- and Ferengi-story templates

The result of the discussion was soft delete per precedent, but willing to re-open/relist if requested. Primefac (talk) 01:17, 28 September 2017 (UTC) As noted in a previous discussion about Klingons and Vulcans, these categories are not well-defined. How Borg does an episode need to be in order that it be considered a Borg story? Does the appearance of Seven of Nine sufice? A similar question can be considered for the Ferengi template - should Caretaker appear due to the scene in Quark's bar? עוד מישהו Od Mishehu 09:48, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Star Trek Borg stories
 * Star Trek Ferengi stories


text:
2015 BMC Racing Team season

The 2015 season for the BMC Racing Team began in January with the Tour Down Under. As a UCI WorldTeam, they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.

Team roster

 * Riders who joined the team for the 2015 season

 * Riders who left the team during or after the 2014 season

title: 2015 BMC Racing Team season


text:
才子

Noun

 * 1) scholar; gifted scholar; man of talent

Adverb

 * 1) just; only; merely
 * 2) only just; only if
 * 3) just now
 * 1) just now

title: 才子


text:
Talk:Warm-glow giving/GA1

GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''

Reviewer: David Fuchs (talk · contribs) 21:08, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

In progress. Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs talk 21:08, 20 September 2019 (UTC) Overall while this is a solid start, the article still needs work before it can become GA. An overview of issues:
 * General :
 * I'd say a systemic problem with the article is it reads less like an actual encyclopedia article and more like a presentation (given the apparent origins as a student pieces this is probably unavoidable.) There's a lot of assumed knowledge rather than an overview given to inform readers, and the excessive use of subheadings makes the article read like a powerpoint slide rather than something more cohesive.
 * The article also basically uncritically uses the originating author's framework without contextualizing it or giving indications that it's widely accepted; given the scant "criticism" section at the end of the article, it suggests there are WP:NPOV issues.

 * Prose :
 * The article needs a substantial copyedit, especially to bring it into Manual of style compliance. Some specific details:
 * WP:DASHes (the article uses dashes and hyphens throughout and inconsistently)
 * Inconsistent spacing/missing spacing
 * Date formats
 * Media :
 * Images are appropriately licensed and sourced, but I'm left wondering what the relevance of many of them are. Images like File:Empathy - Design Thinking.png and File:I voted 15016301.png seem barely relevant; I removed the lead section's picture of a candle because it felt much the same.

Given that the GA nominator has not edited in several months and the problems detailed are rather substantial, I am failing the nomination. Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs talk 13:13, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * References :
 * There are several areas in the article that have clearly unsourced lines.
 * Given the possible NPOV issues mentioned above, I'm particularly concerned about the lack of secondary sourcing versus WP:PRIMARY sources. There's not a real context about warm glow giving at all because it's only hashing out scientific studies—I'm left wondering what the notability of the term is and if it's had any actual impact or if it's merely theory. There's some information about this (the other applications section touches on this but it's comparatively light versus the sections with long chunks of mathematical models.)

title: Talk:Warm-glow giving/GA1


text:
Dranivesi Baleiwai

Dranivesi Baleiwai (born 17 April 1964) is a Fijian former rugby union footballer, he played as hooker.

Career
He played for the Nadi provincial team. His official debut for Fiji was during a test match against Japan, in Tokyo, on 4 March 1989, which ended in a 32-6 victory for the Fijians, where Baleiwai started as a substitute, replacing Alipate Rabitu at the 76th minute. On 5 December 1990, he played as a starting member during an away match against Hong Kong, in Hong Kong. Before that, he was also capped during the match against New South Wales on 9 April 1989. Baleiwai also played during the test match against England, in Lautoka, on 16 July 1991, where Fiji defeated England 27-13. He was also part of the 1991 Rugby World Cup roster, where he played all of the three pool stage matches, with the match against Romania, at Brive-la-Gaillarde being his last international cap.

On 19 June 1993, he switched to rugby league and as part of the national team, he played the test match against Papua New Guinea, lost 24-35.

In 2017, Baleiwai was appointed as vice-chairman of the Nausori Cowboys, a rugby league club previously known as Nausori Bulldogs which ceased to exist and was revived in 2013.

title: Dranivesi Baleiwai


text:
Talk:Arnold Krupat

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title: Talk:Arnold Krupat