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Rajendra II

Rajendra Chola II (997 CE – 1064 CE) often referred to as Rajendradeva Chola was a Chola emperor who reigned from 1052 CE to 1064 CE. Rajendra II succeeded his brother Rajadhiraja I after his death at the Battle of Koppam. Rajendra had served as a Co-regent under his brother from 1044 CE to 1052 CE. When he acceded the throne, the Chola Empire was at its peak stretching from Southern India to Vengai(Bengal) to parts of Southeast Asia. Rajendra has maintained the territories of his predecessor. During his reign, the Chola Empire was prosperous and had a large influence in trade throughout the Indian Ocean.

As a prince Rajendra helped put down revolts in Pandya Nadu and Srivijaya. During his early reign put down several rebellions in Sri Lanka, Rajendra also straightened chola influence and control in Ruhuna in southern Sri Lanka. He established several garrisons and governors to maintain stronger rule and prevent future revolts.

In early 1052, the Cholas were suffering from losses against the Western Chalukyas in the Battle of Koppam after the death of Rajadhiraja I. Rajendra's strong leadership led the Cholas to a strategic victory although the western chalukyas achieved a Tactical victory. The Cholas didn't lose territory during this battle. Conflicts with the Western chalukyas continued throughout his reign. Rajendra's forces were victorious in the Battle of Kudal-Sangamam leading to greater Chola influence in the Krishna river.

Early life and Accession
Rajendra II was born around 997 CE although his exact birthdate is unknown. He was born to Rajendra I and his wife Mukkokilan Adigal. He was the 5th oldest out of 9 children. As a prince, Rajendra helped put down several rebellions Pandya Nadu and Srivijaya. he also helped his father conquer the kingdoms of Polonnaruwa and Ruhuna bringing all of Sri Lanka under Chola rule. After his father's death in 1044, Rajendra served as a Co-regent under his brother Rajadhiraja I who ascended the throne. Rajadhiraja was later killed in the Battle of Koppam in 1052. Rajendra was made king as Rajadhiraja's children were too young and inexperienced. Since he ascended the throne during a time of war, Jayamkondar's Kalingattuparani describes him as ''"The one who wore the crown on the big battlefield." ''

Several Prashasti

It is to be noted however the above version of the Koppam battle is found only in the Chola inscriptions. A Chalukyan account of the battle is only found in a later inscription dated c. 1071, which recounts this incident after a gap of almost 15 years and which only mentions the death of Rajadhiraja.

Revolts in Sri Lanka
Under the reign or Rajendra's father Rajendra I, The kingdom of Ruhuna were annexed bringin all of Sri Lanka under Chola occupation. During this time, the Tamil trading guilds Thisaiayiratthu Annuruvar tarded in Anuradhapura further increased their activities in the Island. Under Rajendra II, several garrisons and governors were established to maintain stronger rule. Rajendra also pushed for tighter control over Ruhuna where several revolts took place.

However this period was also met with revolts by the local Sinhalese People. Rajendra put down several early rebellions and further straightened Chola rule in the island. In 1055 Sinhalese prince Vijayabahu I, who later became the king of Polonnaruwa attempted to expel Chola forces. Gradually the wider conflict developed into a prolonged, back and forth struggle of raids and counter-raids, with the forces of Vijayabahu advancing upon Polonnaruwa and then falling back to fortresses in Dakkhinadesa and Rohana to withstand retaliatory Chola attacks and sieges. By 1058, Rohana became independent of chola occupation. Vijayabahu established himself in Wakirigala and organized his army for a fresh attempt to capture Polonnaruwa, however this failed and his troops were defeater by Rajendra's son Uttama. During this time, he also had to face rebellions from other Sinhala leaders fighting for the throne.

Rajendra eventually sent forces to Sri Lanka to counter the revolt. Rajendra's son Uttama, the Chola governor of Polonnaruwa expelled Vijayabahu's forces. Chola troops also arrived at Ruhuna which was the center of Vijayabahu's rebels. Several clashes continued between the Sinhalese and Chola forces. Rajendra and Uttama eventually put down the revolt.

Battle of Koppam
The Chola forces were in battle with the Chalukyan army at Koppam (Koppal) located on the Tungabhadra River in 1053–54 AD. Rajadhiraja I was personally leading the Chola army from atop a war elephant to help rally the retreating Cholas. Prince Rajendra, the younger brother of Rajadhiraja, was holding himself in reserve. The Chalukyan army then concentrated on the elephant on which the Chola king was riding and wounded him mortally. Seeing the emperor falling dead, the Chola army retreated in disarray. At that stage Rajendra entered the fray. Once again the Chalukya army concentrated on the leader. Rajendra-II was as valorous as his brave father and was a born leader of men. He immediately sensed that with the death of their King Rajadhiraja-I, the Chola army was in a disarray, he announced his taking over as the next Chola monarch and ordered the capable Chola army to continue fighting without letting up. His unparalleled response and restoration of order by deciding to lead from the front on the battlefield simply re-galvanized his army which had among its ranks, several generals serving the Chola army from the times of Raja Raja I and Rajendra Chola I. He had many nephews and. Needless to add, the Chalukya army was simply unprepared for this kind of a reaction from any army which had lost its original leader and were simply no match. From inscriptions of Rajendra-II, we know that his elder brother Rajadhiraja-I was killed in the battle at Koppam in which Rajendra-II had participated along with his other brothers. Even Rajendra-II had been injured initially and had withdrawn from the battle, but he came back and turned the tables on the Ahavamalla (Someshvara-I) who called himself 'Trailokyamalla' – lord of three worlds). From an inscriptions of his from Manimangalam we understand that at the end of the battle, the Chalukyas were defeated and a number of officers of their army lay dead on the field. In this battle multiple opponents viz. Jaysinghan, the younger brother of the Salukki, Pulikesi, Dasapanman etc., were killed by Rajendra.

An inscription from 1058 CE on the south wall of the Brihadisvara Temple in Thanjavur mentions the Battle of Koppam:

{{blockquote|Hail! Prosperity ! "While the army of his elder brother was at {his) back, the king(who wielded) the sceptre {and) tfas embraced by {the golldess of) Prosperity, conquered the    #seven and a half lakshas of Irattap&di. (He) did not meet with opposition in battle; and(his) drufti was sounding through the eight directions.  Having heard (this) report, (Ahava-malla)proceeded to Koppam on the bank of tile great fiver and fought against (him).   (Buthe) converted into reeking corpses' (that) covered the earth$,  hp whole warlike artny ofAdiavamalla.  Having perceived this,'A havamalla became afraid, incurred disgrace, andran away. (The Icing) seized his elephants and horses, troops of camels, women and treasures,•   and anointed himself (in commemoration) of the victory.  |source=}}

Ottakoothar's Vikrama Cholan Ula mentions: {{blockquote|The King [Rajendra II] with his one elephant in a fierce war, conquered his enemies in the city of Koppam and took over their thousand elephants|author=Ottakoothar|source=Vikrama Cholan Ula, verse 20}}

Kollapuram is identified with Kolhapur in present-day Maharashtra. Based upon other inscriptions of Rajendra, historian Hultzsch has proposed that the Kollapuram war was an earlier expedition, in which Rajendra had participated under his elder brother Rajdhiraja. This view is also held by a few other historians who credit the burning of Kalyanapuram, the capital of the Chalukyas and the planting of victory at Kollapuram, again two separate events, to Rajadhiraja Chola I.

Further Chalukyan Battles
Chalukyas, anxious to wipe out the disgrace of Koppam, invaded the Chola country in great force c 1062 C.E. The armies met at the Muddakaru river (at the junction of the Tungabhadra and the Krishna River). The Chalukya commander Dandanayaka Valadeva was killed and the Cholas led by Rajamahendra resisted the invasion. Virarajendra Chola was also present in the battle fighting at the side of Rajamahendra.

The Western Chalukyan expedition to take Vengi was also thwarted by the Cholas at the same battlefield. Subsequently, Someshwara-I also engaged the Chola army under Rajendra-II and Virarajendra at Kudalasangamam, the result was yet another heavy defeat for the Chalukyan king.

Patron of Art
When he was a co-regent of his elder brother, Rajadhiraja Chola I, he shared the latter's workload by taking care of the internal affairs of the state. He was a great patron of dance and theatre and we know of several occasions where he encouraged various artists and poets. For example, he passed a royal order in 1056 CE to provide paddy and other ration to Santi Kuttan Tiruvalan Tirumud Kunran alias Vijaya Rajendra Acharyan(named after Rajadhiraja) for enacting RajaRajeswara Natakam (a musical), in the Brihadeeswarar Temple, Thanjavur. Accordingly, the dancer was to get 120 Kalam paddy for this purpose and that he and his descendants were to perform the musical regularly during the annual festival.

Ulagalantha Perumal Temple
Ulagalantha Perumal Temple in Tirukoilur was expanded during rajendra's reign. According to an inscription dating to 1058 CE, the central shrine(gopuram) of the temple, which was built partly of brick, had cracked. The local governor Ranakesari Rama insisted that the shrine should be reconstructed which rajendra had agreed. The new shrine was constructed from fine black granite, a stronger and more durable material. This was so the shrine would last longer without constant repair and reconstruction. five stupas were also built enclosing the verandah and a mandapa in front of the temple. The central deity was also decorated with pearls. This straightened the foundation of the temple allowing it to last to this day.

Agastheeswar temple
Rajendra had granted the town of Ulakkaiyur 100 kalanjus of gold to build a stone temple. This temple, known as the Agastheeswar Temple, was dedicated to Shiva. an inscription from 1137 states that the temple was built by the residents of Ulakkaiyur. Initially the temple construction was stopped in the middle. the amount of gold rajendra granted was not entirely used on the construction of the temple. The servants of the temple also complained about mistreatment by the villagers. Rajendra was unhappy about this. He alter convinced the residents of to complete the foundational work of the temple and install an Idol of Somaskandar, a form of shiva.

Other temples and inscriptions
Rajendra expanded the Veetrirundha Perumal Temple in 1059. He briefly renamed it Vinnamangalam after his birth name Vikrama.  He also issued 120 kalams of paddy Brihadisvara Temple in Thanjavur for an reenactment play known as "Rajarajesvara nata-kam" about the conquests of Rajaraja I.

Family
A number of his relatives are known to us from a record of his from the fourth year of his reign. These are a paternal uncle, four younger brothers, six sons and two grandsons. One of these younger brothers was Virarajendra Chola on whom he conferred the title Karikala solan. Other titles conferred on the members of the royal family by the king include Chola-Pandyan, Chola-Gangan, Chola-Ayodhyarajan and Chola-Kanyakubjan. According to historian Nilakanta Sastri, these titles denoted the provinces that were administered by these Chola princes.

Conquests
Rajendra-II like his predecessors already had control of the Pandyan kingdom. After vanquishing the Chalukya Someshvara I, he undertook a further expedition to the Kalinga Kingdom as well as to Ilangai (Sri Lanka) whose king Manabharanan was aided by the Kalinga King Vira Salamegha. He also had under his control other provinces such as Ayodhya, Kanyakubja, Rattapadi, Kadaram.

An inscription in the 10th year of the reign of Rajendra Chola II is found on a Menhir in Meppara near Rajkumari, idukki, Kerala. The inscription is highly damaged. The name of the King is said to be Rajendra and the prasasti of the King mentions Irattappadi ezharai and the battle with Ahavamalla on the banks of "Periyar" ie the river Thungabhadra.

title: Rajendra II


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User:Wer900/Policy Reform I

Here I plan to centralize pages related to my proposal for a reform of Wikipedia policy in order to account for numerous issues which have cropped up over the years but remain unresolved by policy.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Wer900/Policy Reform I


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User:Barclaven12/Sample page

Welcome to Wikipedia! This page is a sandbox, an area where you can experiment and test edits. It contains simple examples of various elements you'll find around Wikipedia.

Dr Marion Lynch (clinician) Visiting Professor

Here is a citation to a website.

Here is a citation to a news article.

Here is a template for facts that lack a citation.

This is a subsection heading

 * Dr Marion Lynch was Deputy Medical DIrector NHSE South Central and Associate GP Dean, one of the first ever nurses to hold such a role.
 * Bulleted list item 2

You can make text bold or italic when needed.

 * 1) Marion worked for the Ministry of Health in Zambia (2019)  and identified the best six no cost / low cost interventions to improve health outcomes.
 * 2) Numbered list item 2

Reference section
1. Support management of mental health during COVID pandemic in March 2020:

https://pci-360.com/free-covid19-e-learning-module-for-primary-care-clinicians-in-resource-poor-settings/

2. Zambian National Strategy launched in June 2020: https://www.moh.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=152

3. Introduction of medical revalidation for 3,000 GPs and 16 health systems:

. https://www.picker.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/The-patient-voice-in-revalidation-a-discourse-analysis.pdf

4. Masters Educational Programme enabling senior clinical leaders to improve health services and outcomes:

Evaluation of one programme resulted in International Award and follow up publication https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3048630/

External links section
References

External links

1. Podcast by Ellen MacArthur Cancer Trust on the role of medic. 30 minute interview. 6th August 2020 https://www.ellenmacarthurcancertrust.org/news/sound-waves-medics-mates-magic

2. Podcast by Human Story Theatre, explaining why the arts in health work, how and why I commissioned the play DRY and the impact this has had on people’s awareness, health behaviour and services provision. (2020) https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/human-story-theatre/id1509589710

3. Innovations in healthcare, 30 min interview, outlining design and delivery of innovative Leadership 2030 programme.

https://ockham.healthcare/episode-142-marion-lynch-and-alan-webb-developing-future-primary-care-leaders/

4. Interview as part of European horizon scanning on health policy challenging how policy is created and what is used to inform this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLiwGO55I1g

5. Interview challenging the policy and identifying the pitfalls of personalised (targeted and genetic) medicine https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/personalised-medicine-interview-marion-lynch

6. 2019 Guest interview on Kenyan Business News discussing the introduction of Universal Health Care and the issues for slum dwellers and Kenyan economy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VNLd37njqI

title: User:Barclaven12/Sample page


text:
Talk:David Wm. Sims

"Memphis" Bass
Guys I've always seen him play his entry-level bass made by Memphis and nothing else, ever. Since he has such a 'holy grail' kind of sound, it would be nice if we could expand on it cuz when people call The Jesus Lizard an "influence", all 4 of them have a sound other people emulate - as well as the sound of the band as a whole. Anyone know any details of his rig? I've seen him live twice, and it looked like he kept the brains of the rig behind the speaker cabinets so I could never tell what he was using. I found unreliable info years ago about the speaker cabs hand built in Austin buy some guy at Heart o' Texas Music. We should shine a light on this, yeah? Hanz ofbyotch (talk) 23:22, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Wm. Sims


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Talk:Business intelligence software

Untitled
There are MANY Business intelligence tools out there. Do we want to list all of them?

I have about 30 or so that we can list. Do you want me to add them?

<IP_ADDRESS> 19:33, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

How about first laying out BI architecture(are there more than 1 or is there a universal architecture stack?) list the components within those architectures and then categorize the tools by how they fit into this stack? I appreciate that many tools provide solutions address multiple levels of the stack or just small sections of the stack.

Suggested stack:
 * User Interface
 * Model
 * Physical

we may want to come up with key features by which the tools can be evaluated: JustinRHyde 22:01, 10 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Performance
 * Re-Use
 * Security
 * Interoperability (between components), i.e. standards vs proprietary

Where the hades is a good matrix for all of these? --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:18, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

---

Hey guys. I think we should add some more tools and more indepth organisation of the tools, because some are just softwares that can be used for BI, some are query concepts and some are BI softwares, and even for me, it gets quite confusing sometimes. Also, how about SOA? Should we add that to the article? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:47, 10 June 2009 (UTC)

Pentaho
Pentaho has been located at proprietary product section. Could anyone tell me that what proprietary BI product that Pentaho had provided? I think Mozilla Public License is generally accepted as opensource or FOSS. --Kittyhawk2 (talk) 04:02, 30 April 2010 (UTC)

TARGIT
I just added TARGIT. They are a pure-play developer of BI. They were included in Gartner's MQ for the first time in 2010. However, they do not have their own section. I will add one as soon as possible. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Stemmen (talk • contribs) 07:26, 16 February 2011 (UTC)

Helical Insight
Helical Insight in "open source free" category? Can be this accompanied by a link to lincence on Helical Insight website? Please add link also to source codes. Otherwise, I think it belongs to the "Proprietary products" category. Atiris (talk) 09:32, 14 June 2016 (UTC)

Suggest renaming to "Business intelligence software"
I suggest renaming this article to the more specific title Business intelligence software. Nurg (talk) 08:25, 16 September 2016 (UTC)
 * You're saying that my Business Intelligence screwdriver doesn't count? Concur - maybe give it a day or so and see if anyone objects and I'll move it and change some of the redirects.  Kuru   (talk)  12:14, 16 September 2016 (UTC)

AWS QuickSight
Hi! I am the social media manager over at Amazon Web Services. I wanted to see if this group would be willing to add AWS QuickSight to this page? We have details here: https://quicksight.aws/ I am happy to provide any information you need or documentation - please just let me know!

Thanks

KevinJGoddard (talk) 20:40, 24 April 2017 (UTC)

Edit request
Under the "Proprietary Products" section, please add a link to PolyAnalyst. Sam at Megaputer (talk) 02:33, 17 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Done. Caius G. (talk) 12:38, 17 March 2021 (UTC)

Addition Suggestion
WP Business Intelligence should likely be added to the list, at least under "Open Source Free Products" and possibly under "Open Source Commercial". This is a free and premium WordPress plugin to turn the CMS into a business intelligence solution. They do not have a wiki page that I can find. Etownunder (talk) 03:35, 23 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Business intelligence software


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Talk:Gingerbread Man (disambiguation)

disambig
This is an attempt to get the various "gingerbread man" links straight. There are still some confusing redirects... Be patient or give a hand, thank you. 08:07, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gingerbread Man (disambiguation)


text:
Inclacumab

Inclacumab (LC1004-002) (INN) is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.

The antibody is outlicensed by Roche.

title: Inclacumab


text:
Dothan Municipal Airport

Dothan Municipal Airport is a closed airport located 3 mi west-northwest of Dothan, Alabama, United States.

History
The original airport in Dothan was built in the 1930s by the Federal Government. It was listed in 1934 as having two sod runways in an "L" shape pattern; the longest runway being 2,100'. By 1937, the runway had been extended to 2,500'. It was apparently served by Eastern Airlines DC-3 commercial service.

During World War II, the airport was used as an auxiliary training airfield for the Army pilot training school at Napier Army Airfield, and was known as Napier Army Airfield Auxiliary #2. It was one of four auxiliary fields for Napier AAF, and was used by advanced single engine aircraft, including P-40 Warhawk fighters. The Army expanded the facilities at Dothan with three bituminous runways, the longest being the 4,000' northeast/southwest and NNW/SSE strips.

The airfield was said to have a single 80' x 60' steel hangar, to be owned by Houston County and the City of Dothan, and to be operated by the Army Air Forces. After the war ended, the airport was returned to civil control.

The airport was operated until 1966 when it was closed due to urban congestion and all air traffic was moved to the former Napier AAF. Napier Field was less constrained geographically, being located farther outside of the town.

The former Dothan Municipal Airport today is now home to Westgate Park, the waterpark "Waterworld", ballfields, and a BMX track. It can clearly be seen in aerial imagery as a former airport.

title: Dothan Municipal Airport


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Mocis persinuosa

Mocis persinuosa is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Katanga) and Zambia.

title: Mocis persinuosa


text:
User:Mystictim

Wikiversity is a very exiting project. I hope to help out at the department of education. I'm also particularly interested in Continental Philosophy. I intend to expand this page in the near future with some biographical details and a regular Learning blogg which incorporates subject specific blogs  Learning to learn a wiki way.

Useful Links

 * My learning blog
 * alphabetical list
 * page views
 * Sandbox
 * User:Mystictim/monobook.css is the final stylesheet in the cascade of Common.css, Monobook.css, Mystictim/monobook.css. I've use this to remove the rounded corners from monobook.

title: User:Mystictim


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Talk:African Americans in Tennessee

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on African Americans in Tennessee. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 16:58, 27 June 2017 (UTC)

How "ethnic group" is defined
however you may feel about this vaguely defined term, the United States Census Bureau refers to that as a "race" category. "Hispanics " are referred to as an "ethnic origin." When I think of an ethnic group, I don't think "black," "white," etc., I think ADOS (american descendents of slavery,) German, Kurdish, Scots-Irish, Cherokee and so on. 2603:6011:A400:259:15D3:72BC:33E2:ECCA (talk) 16:55, 20 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:African Americans in Tennessee


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Talk:Keri (fedayi)

Feedback
Dear Sir or Madame,

I recently visited the page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arshak_Gafavian and at the bottom was prompted with a "Did you find what you were looking for?" (or the like), and when I clicked no, I was prompted with "Any suggestions for improvement?" When I tried submitting my suggestions, it said that the page was not enabled for feedback. I contacted Wikipedia, and they said this was due to a bug that they are working on. Thus, in an effort to improve the content of wikipedia in the interim, I wanted to post what I had written in the suggestions box in case any of you could help:

1. There is a discrepancy in his last name in the title of the article and teh body of the article; was it Galfaian or was it Gafavian (I'm guessing it's the former, which is a fairly common last name, and not the latter, which I've never heard of, but not certain).

2. The text is poorly written compared to most other wikipedia pages I've visit; there are grammatical errors, fragments, etc.

3. Information on how he died (e.g. accidental, in warfare, etc.), who wounded him in the chest, and where (geographically) would be very helpful?

Thanks so much for your time and consideration, James (forwarded from OTRS by L Faraone  20:18, 10 June 2013 (UTC))

title: Talk:Keri (fedayi)


text:
Talk:Derek Shaw (businessman)

External links modified (January 2018)
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:39, 20 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Derek Shaw (businessman)


text:
Puzzles/Geometric Puzzles/Matchsticks

Puzzles | Geometric puzzles | Matchsticks

You have 6 unit length matchsticks, and you urgently need to make 4 triangles with unit length sides. You can't use anything except matchsticks to make the triangles, and the matchsticks are indestructable and non-replicable. How do you solve the dilemma?

Solution

title: Puzzles/Geometric Puzzles/Matchsticks


text:
User:WAvegetarian

My name is Connor Lee. I was born on July 4, 1987 in Seattle, Washington at the Group Health Cooperative hospital on Capitol Hill. I went to Garfield High School in Seattle. I was the campus Kerry/Edwards campaign coordinator at Garfield in the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election, focusing on environmental protection and education. I played in the Garfield concert band and captained the Ultimate team my senior year, playing in the largest and oldest youth Ultimate league in the world, DiscNW. My best claim to varsity sports fame was as the alternate breaststroker for a medley relay that took the silver medal, only half a second behind first, in the 2005 4A Washington State High School Swimming Championships, although I also participated in the King County regional swimmeet on my own merits as a 100 yard breastroker. I was a staff member of Post 84, the student-run outdoor education program at Garfield.

I have spent the last decade of summers on Orcas Island at YMCA Camp Orkila in Washington and now work as a camp counselor there. I play alto saxophone, mostly jazz. I know more than most people about the Puget Sound lowland forest having pretty much grown up in the woods. I enjoy word play and am a huge fan of the Says You! word game show put out by National Public Radio and have had my work featured on it. I also enjoy the SCRABBLE® Brand Crossword Game immensely. If you are puzzled by my writing that so formal, it is because I am required to do so as a club director for the National Scrabble Association. I was the first, and I believe only, person under the age of 18 to become a director. I aehv no aefiortv dorsw celnrrtuy; I elov all fo ehmt fmor aa (a cdeinry aalv) ot avyyzzz (a aciloprt eeilvw), adn as fo Ejnu 0025 ot zzz (ahtw do ouy hiknt it aemns?). Fi I adh ot cehoos, it dlouw abblopry be chrstw (a Ehlsw ginrst eimnnrsttu), jstu abceesu 'ist isx eelrtts glno ihtw no Eghilns elovw (w is a elovw in Ehlsw adn is cdennoopru as ""oo). Did I mention that I enjoy clabbers? I would qualify as a word freak, but I don't have enough time to feed the addiction.

I am currently pursuing an environmental studies major at Oberlin College. I play for the Oberlin "Flying Horsecows" Ultimate Frisbee team. I'm a member of the Oberlin Student Co-operative Association and a "bread maker" (baker) for the Fairchild Dining Co-op. I am one of the founders of Oberlin S.C.R.A.B.B.L.E. and will be teaching a for-credit course on competitive play in Spring 2007. I work(ed) as a lifeguard, resident assistant, host to perspective students visiting Oberlin, NOAA science day camp counselor, residential summer camp counselor, and music tutor.

title: User:WAvegetarian


text:
dyslogistic

Etymology
From, on the model of.

Adjective

 * 1) Expressing censure or disapproval

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Spanish:

title: dyslogistic


text:
User:Frueber/sandbox

Brian Sweeney (born September 23, 1989) is an slightly above average American civilian. A self proclaimed @$$ that shows high moral standards and decency.

Early life and education
Sweeney was born and raised in ...

Sweeney graduated from ...

Working experience
Sweeney started working ...

title: User:Frueber/sandbox


text:
József Horváth (athlete)

József Horvath (born 3 April 1984) is a Hungarian male hammer thrower, who won an individual gold medal at the Youth World Championships.

title: József Horváth (athlete)


text:
Kalateh-ye Mohammad Jan

Kalateh-ye Mohammad Jan is a village in, and the capital of, Binalud Rural District of the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Marusk.

Population
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 202 in 60 households, when it was in the former Takht-e Jolgeh District. The following census in 2011 counted 183 people in 61 households, by which time the rural district had been transferred to the Central District. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 147 people in 45 households.

title: Kalateh-ye Mohammad Jan


text:
Template talk:Information

Adding more flexibility

 * Good Idea!
 * This is an excellent try at getting a commonly formatted image description.

 * Advanced Procedure
 * There needs to be a procedure for anyone wanting to add more info.

Robert Elliott 17:49, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

How to add more flexibility
Rather than copying and pasting this into the info window:

you can use this

to get this

If you use this:

You can get this:

To maintain machine-readable licenses and future-proof usage, the actual Information template must be used rather than a substitution. -- Dave Braunschweig (discuss • contribs) 18:18, 3 April 2016 (UTC)

empty permission field
I've removed the line to add images to the missing info category based on an empty permission field. Many of the files have license info outside of the upload info box, and this causes a large number of images to appear in the cat despite valid licensing. Any thought on this? --mikeu talk 13:42, 20 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, exactly.Crochet.david 13:57, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

Push the author to complete the box
In the template, I propose to substitute with and make same with Author and description (maybe without the categorisation ?) and delete the two first test. Crochet.david 14:12, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Information


text:
Rossel Island Sign Language

Rossel Island Sign Language is a village sign language of Rossel Island, Papua New Guinea reported by Stephen Levinson. He reports that,
 * On Rossel Island there is ... a strand of hereditary deafness, where a number of families have three generations or more of deaf individuals. Not only these individuals, but also the hearing members of the family and indeed all members of the villages where they live have developed a sign language for effective communication. This system ... remains to be scientifically researched. My initial investigations of one such family with three deaf adult children show that the sign system is capable of conveying quite abstract messages; for example, about events in the future, things witnessed in the past, or hopes and desires in the present. By virtue of the developed sign system, the deaf members of this family are fully integrated members of the village community. Two of them have married in the traditional way, involving complex exchanges of shell money between kin, and have children, some of whom are deaf, so the sign system will have a future utility, and is in effect a strand of cultural tradition in the making.

title: Rossel Island Sign Language


text:
File:DancingVandervelde-Moscow-220620.jpg

Summary
Marchers with Dancing Placard of Émile Vandervelde, Moscow, June 20, 1922.

Edit of a frame capture from a Soviet newsreel.

Original video on Wikimedia Commons as '''File:1922. Kino-Pravda 03.ogv''' Public domain.

Capture and digital editing by Tim Davenport ("Carrite") for Wikipedia, no copyright claimed for the work, file released to the public domain without restriction.


text:
User:Cathycoeur/sandbox

Public hospital
The "United States" portion focuses more on non-profit than public hospitals and not to compare and contrast them but just to state those claims; yet the topic should be mostly if not only about public hospitals since the introduction distinguished non-profit and public hospitals as two different entities. This distracted me and made me wonder what are the similarities and discrepancies in how the non-profits and public hospitals are run that could explain why they are both facing funding and operational deficiency and if the the claims about the non-profits in rural areas being "disproportionately represented in high numbers of patients with uncompensated care" valid for applies to the public hospitals as well. The non-profits, if not only maybe for comparison's sake, should be the subject of a different article and perhaps another existing article about non-profit hospitals could have been used for reference for a reader who might want to know more about non-profit hospitals to just click the link to that separate article. It is mostly neutral and based on the sources' claims. The non-profit hospitals are overrepresented yet they are not public hospitals according to the introduction of the article. The citations work and the author gets all their references from the same HealthAffairs website. Some of the claims seem to be supported by these articles. However, the wording like "disproportionally" does not show the real data shown by the source. The reference for some facts appear reliable but some references are a dead end. The author only uses a source that does a comparison of the public hospital in the US to other types of hospitals and has no source that clearly explains what the setting of a public hospital is and what kinds of services they offer, how they are administered and the role they play in the healthcare system in the USA.
 * Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?
 * Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
 * Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?
 * Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?
 * Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?
 * Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?
 * Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?

The author uses past tense in their wording for comparing the provision of "profitable medical services" in public, non-profit and for-profit hospitals. This shows that this information is outdated as the author does not give data showing the new record.

I would like to see more data and less claims in this article. It does stay on the topic for the most part, but just needs more improvement in giving detail for the information rather than just leaving the reader hanging. There is only a conversation regarding the neutrality of the article and whether or not its claim is that public hospitals are better than other hospitals. only two editors have commented on the talk page. This article is rated Stub-Class High Importance from WikiProject Hospitals The topic speaks of political and economic aspects, the point of view of the administration/authorities, and from mere observation of hospitals whereas we talked a lot about healthcare delivery from the point of view of the population, the cultural side more than the
 * Check out the Talk page of the article. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
 * How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?

Potential sources:
Fonkych, Kateryna, and Glenn Melnick. “Disproportionate Share Hospital Subsidies for Treating the Uninsured.” Medical Care, vol. 48, no. 9, 2010, pp. 809–814. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25750560. http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25750560.pdf?refreqid=excelsior:23ef3bc6b8cb3eabdcf360a5d37500dc

Somerville M, Seeff L, Hale D, O'Brien D. Hospitals, Collaboration, and Community Health Improvement. Journal Of Law, Medicine & Ethics[serial online]. March 2, 2015;43:56-59. Available from: Index to Legal Periodicals and Books (H.W. Wilson), Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 5, 2017.http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=11&sid=fb5c80d8-6f79-45b4-92a8-e10851f9e9c1%40sessionmgr4008

Wiley, Lindsay F.1, and Gene W.2 Matthews. 2017. "Health Care System Transformation and Integration: A Call to Action for Public Health." Journal Of Law, Medicine & Ethics 45, 94-97. Index to Legal Periodicals and Books (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost (accessed October 17, 2017). http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6&sid=4be13294-025b-4551-8313-3052f8f49da5%40sessionmgr4006

Homeless women in the United States
Most points, if not every point in the article is relevant to the article. However, the author(s) digress(es) away from stating facts throughout the reading. Talking about “women and poverty” within the domestic violence section is very distractive and very off topic as low wage and work in the workforce appear to be different than domestic violence which happens usually at home or in personal relationships rather than professional. Even though these two might impact. The article puts a lot of effort criminalizing men in this issue rather than explaining the factors associated with being a homeless woman from an objective point of view.
 * Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?

This article makes a claim about "naturally abusive men" being the reason for power dynamics between them and women and domestic violence. This is a big claim as we do not know the nature of the domestic violence, nor do we know where/from who the abuse came from, nor does the article show facts about abusive men and the link for reference does not work either. The author/s is/are seemingly biased toward women.
 * Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?

From the start, the article does not just give facts, but it also takes sides to take action on a problem. In this case, the mental health of homeless women is what the last sentence of the introduction advocating for as an issue to be addressed. This makes the article polarized.

The article also encourages reader "give credit" to a social movement that supposedly supported the domestic violence victims. That does not seem neutral. Rephrasing the sentence to make it more neutral and showing the reference would be better.

From the beginning of the article, there is a sense of contradictory overrepresentation and underrepresentation of homeless families at the same time. On one hand, there is a claim that homeless families represent 50% of homeless population, on the other hand, there is a claim that men are in the 15th percentile of the homeless population and that there are very few homeless families. Not only do these two claims contradict each other, but they also do not seem to be back by any reliable source. The reference linked to the entire introduction is not so easily accessible. Additionally, I notice a wrong syntax in the sentence "If a young single-mother is responsible for raising her child or children without familial support and material resources typically heads a homeless family"
 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?

When the Article generalizes homelessness as a result of domestic violence but does not specify whether it is across genders or just for women and yet makes the assumption that "abusive men" are the cause, that is an overrepresentation and assumption.

The third link (www.acog.org/resources) does not work and I am not sure if the page actually exists. This is supposed to support the point that domestic violence is the reason why a range of 20-50% women and children end up on the streets. This range seems very wide to me. additionally, it is distracting, knowing that this topic is mainly about women and just the fact that she used statistics including both women and children throws off the accuracy of the percentage for women in particular.
 * Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?

The first link of the article works but requires to sign up for an account to access it. Therefore I could not really judge whether it is reliable or not. I am not sure which facts of the introduction it supports, though their is a lot of statistics in this section of the article. All of the links i have clicked do not work! I cannot say these sources are anywhere close to being reliable nor neutral, nor biased as they do not seem to even exist.
 * Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?

The article needs to explain what counts as being a homeless woman, as a reference for the data.
 * Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?

This article could talk about homeless women by state/county if possible. Maybe this could help understand the social, political and economic factors/trend that might be correlated to this phenomenon if it is one and help the reader touch on some real data.

Analysis across ethnicities and perhaps even different immigration/citizenship statuses

Which portion of the population of women are homeless? Intersectionality?

Services available or not to homeless women. Do women take advantage of public benefits available? are they aware? on what scale?

What is it like to be a homeless woman? How do you survive on a day to day basis?

It gave 2005 data on homelessness of women and children due to violence, that is 12 years ago, I am curious about current up to date data if there are any. But also I do not have access to the author/s' source.

This article makes so many claims but has barely any statistical or factual data.

this article needs to find more reliable and accessible sources. Most of them do not work

The article does not emphasize on why the women's movement was born and how did it relate to homeless women?

Again this article really needs source links that actually work. This all seems like attractive claims.

There was ongoing talk about the neutrality of this article in addition to the weasel words (vague, unverified claims), and the fact that it is just claiming that men are the reason for women's trauma. Some asked for a total makeover of the article and others wanted it completely removed ASAP deleted from wikipedia. These discussions were last held in 2012.
 * Check out the Talk page of the article. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?

It was nominated for deletion in April 2012. It is part of WikiProject Women's History, WikiProject Sociology, WikiProject United States and in all 3 it was rated-start class (low important).
 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?

We have not emphasized on this topic in class; however, this article really uses a narrative of causality/effect relationship between men and homeless women.
 * How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?

Potential Sources:
Watson J. Gender-based violence and young homeless women: femininity, embodiment and vicarious physical capital. Sociological Review [serial online]. May 2016;64(2):256. Available from: Complementary Index, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 5, 2017.

Welch-Lazoritz M, Whitbeck L, Armenta B. Characteristics of Mothers Caring for Children During Episodes of Homelessness. [serial online]. November 2015;51(8):913. Available from: Complementary Index, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 5, 2017.

Public hospital
==== 1) Fonkych, Kateryna, and Glenn Melnick. “Disproportionate Share Hospital Subsidies for Treating the Uninsured.” Medical Care, vol. 48, no. 9, 2010, pp. 809–814. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25750560. ==== This article compares the shares in governmental subsidies in DSH hospitals and non DSH hospitals as well as non-profit and for profit private hospitals in the USA. It shows that the DSH Hospitals actually receive less compensation than private non-DSH hospitals, yet have a greater share in uninsured patients.

I will use this Article to show the low share of government funding of public hospitals for uncompensated services as compared to private hospitals.

==== 2) Ko M, Needleman J, Derose K P, Laugesen M J, Ponce J. "Residential Segregation and the Survival of U.S. Urban Public Hospitals" Medical Care Research and Review. Vol 71, Issue 3, pp. 243 - 260. First published date: December-19-2013. ==== This article highlights the correlation between residential and racial segregation to the closure of urban public hospitals. This is a due to socioeconomic and political disparities among urban public hospitals due to demography of served communities. Disproportionate increase in the share of safety net care services, and reduction in the governmental, political support the urban public hospitals receive. The authors hypothesize that the non-hispanic white voters' support of public hospitals might. The lack of government financial, and resource based support engenders the financial and service quality instability for urban public hospitals and this might lead to closure or conversion of the urban public hospital to private hospitals.

I will use this article to actually show the findings for urban public hospitals and focus the "United States" portion of the article more on public hospitals and less on the not-for-profit hospitals as they are not the headline of the wiki article. I will also use it to explain how demographics could explain the lower performance of public hospitals and their service delivery to minorities as most of the patients I encounter during my practice experience are minorities and mostly Black Americans.

==== 3) Wiley, Lindsay F.1, and Gene W.2 Matthews. 2017. "Health Care System Transformation and Integration: A Call to Action for Public Health." Journal Of Law, Medicine & Ethics 45, 94-97. Index to Legal Periodicals and Books (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost. ==== This article talks about the collaboration of public health and not-for-profit hospitals to improve community health outcomes. One of the main arguments are in conducting Community Health Needs Assessment and the focus on funding activities specific to social determinants of health in low-income and minority communities.

I would like to use the role of the IRS and laws and regulations in the reinforcement of the work for community development.

==== 4) The role of US public hospitals in urban health. Academic Medicine [serial online]. n.d.;79(12):1162-1168. Available from: Science Citation Index, Ipswich, MA. ==== This source defines public hospitals as federally and locally owned and funded by government. They serve the role of safety-net hospitals in the metropolitan areas for low income and uninsured patients. The source employs data from large public hospital associations such as the National Association of Public Hospitals (NAPH) to show the large share of primary outpatient and uninsured patient in public hospitals. Though published in 2004, this source, like some of my other sources, shows the strains to the public hospitals capacity due to increasing number of uncompensated care patients and government budget cuts.

My PE org serves in public safety-net hospitals that provide a large scale of medical assistance to patients in the Alameda county. I would like to use this article as one of my references to edit the leading paragraph of the United States section of my article. I will try to focus this paragraph to show the role of the public hospitals and safety-net hospitals (which I will link to the original wikipedia "Safety Net Hospital" article). I will also use it along with the other sources to focus the topic more on public hospitals' work/challenges.

==== 5) Buntin, M. B., & Ayanian, J. Z. (2017). Social Risk Factors and Equity in Medicare Payment. New England Journal Of Medicine, 376(6), 507. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1700081 ==== This article

==== 6) Sara R, Mark A. H. Chapter 8 The Safety-Net Role of Public Hospitals and Academic Medical Centers: Past, Present, and Future. Critical Issues in Health and Medicine [e-book]. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press; 2012:183. Available from: Project MUSE, Ipswich, MA. ==== History of safety-net role of public hospitals and Academic Medical Centers and the increase in Disproportionate Share of uninsured and underinsured patients.

==== 7) Makaroun L, Bowman C, Chen A, et al. Specialty Care Access in the Safety Net--the Role of Public Hospitals and Health Systems. Journal Of Health Care For The Poor & Underserved [serial online]. February 2017;28(1):566-581. Available from: CINAHL Plus with Full Text ====

Homeless women in the United States
==== 1) Winetrobe H, Wenzel S, Rhoades H, Henwood B, Rice E, Harris T. Unstable Housing and Homelessness: Differences in Health and Social Support between Homeless Men and Women Entering Permanent Supportive Housing. Women's Health Issues [serial online]. May 1, 2017;27:286-293. Available from: ScienceDirect, Ipswich, MA. ==== This article shows the differences in age, but more importantly the family, friend and acquaintance support homeless women get as compared to the homeless men's attachment or detachment from family and health support. It also confirms the fact that homeless women are more likely to be care takers and less educated than homeless men. This article shows me that homeless women are not homeless for being lonely and having to thrive on their own. These cases occur a lot in my PE org, for both men and women, that are homeless but have family that they might not be able to stay with on a long-term basis for many reasons.

This will article help show that some homeless women have close family and acquaintances who are housed and are in touch with them.

==== 2)Lisa A, Ronald A, Lillian G. The Health Circumstances of Homeless Women in the United States. International Journal Of Mental Health [serial online]. 2005;(2):62. Available from: JSTOR Journals, Ipswich, MA. ==== This article not only gives me a very clear definition of what being homeless is, but also uses a sample study from the part of the United States the authors say has one of the highest concentration of homeless people in the USA (Los Angeles) to reflect a seemingly more accurate data on the health and health care situation of homeless women in the larger population. The study was done using the UCLA Homeless Women's Health Study (HWHS). This study identified statistical data on the marital statuses, the races, ages, education levels, how long and what conditions of homelessness they are into and what caused them to end up homeless and an assessment of their access to health and health history. This source really sums up many questions addressed in the wiki article and I think using it along with the other sources I can check the similarities and differences of this very broad sources the problems my other sources, which are more focused specific topics regarding homeless women, address.

==== 3) Welch-Lazoritz M, Whitbeck L, Armenta B. Characteristics of Mothers Caring for Children During Episodes of Homelessness. [serial online]. November 2015;51(8):913. Available from: Complementary Index, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 5, 2017. ==== This essay describes from surveys held in different states, the correlation between homeless women, homeless mothers and the likelihood of social and mental issues. In my wiki article I would like to use this source to make a compare and contrast evaluation of being a homeless woman with and without being a care giver. This will be done in terms of physical and mental health.

I want to use this article and the 2nd source to update the mental health section of the wiki article. My PE org works with some homeless women who are also care givers and are struggling with mental and behavioral health and sometimes substances abuse.

==== 4) Health Care for Homeless Women. Obstetrics & Gynecology [serial online]. October 2013;122(4):936-940. ====

==== 5) Burg M. HEALTH PROBLEMS OF SHELTERED HOMELESS WOMEN AND THEIR DEPENDENT CHILDREN. Health & Social Work [serial online]. May 1994;19(2):125. Available from: Complementary Index, Ipswich, MA. ====

==== 6) Kelly J, Cohen J, Grimes B, Philip S, Weiser S, Riley E. High Rates of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection in Homeless Women: Informing Public Health Strategies. Journal Of Women's Health (15409996) [serial online]. August 2016;25(8):840. Available from: Complementary Index, Ipswich, MA. ====

==== 7) Zlotnick, C., Zerger, S., & Wolfe, P. B. (2013). Health Care for the Homeless: What We Have Learned in the Past 30 Years and What's Next. American Journal Of Public Health, 103(S2), S199-S205. doi:10. 2105/AJPH.2013.301586 ====

==== 8) Wenzel, S., Cederbaum, J., Song, A., Hsu, H., Craddock, J., Hantanachaikul, W., & ... Tucker, J. S. (2016). Pilot Test of an Adapted, Evidence-Based HIV Sexual Risk Reduction Intervention for Homeless Women. Prevention Science, 17(1), 112. doi:10.1007/s11121-015-0575-6 ====

==== 9) Teruya C, Longshore D, Gelberg L, et al. Health and health care disparities among homeless women. Women & Health [serial online]. December 2010;50(8):719-736. Available from: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Ipswich, MA. Accessed November 30, 2017. ====

Area:
Public hospitals are medical and health care institutions owned by governments and local city and county authorities. In the urban areas of the country, many of these institutions serve as Safety-net hospitals which allow the most disadvantaged communities to have access to health care regardless of income, with Medicare, Medicaid, or uninsured. Many Public Hospitals also develop programs for illness prevention for the reduction the cost of care for low-income patients and the hospital, involving Community Health Needs Assessment and identifying and addressing the social, economic, environmental, and individual behavioral determinants of health. Financial, geographic and political forces have placed many public hospitals, more than private and not-for-profit medical institutions, at a risk of conversion or closure. This is correlated with the fact that public hospitals, especially those located in segregated urban areas, receive the largest portion of disadvantaged patients.

I will only edit the United States Section of the article.

I would Like to add this statistics to this portion of the article: 23% of emergency care, 63% of burn care and 40% of trauma care are handled by Public hospitals in the urban cities of the United States.

Medicare is an insurance program that allows patients 65 or older, disabled young patients regardless of income to pay for their medical bills at a subsidized rate. Medicaid on the other hand is a medical assistance program that serves every age bracket of low-income patients. These are programs accepted by public hospitals. These two programs sound similar, but are different. In the article, I will link these two words to their original wikipedia articles for reference.

In the last sentence, check what the correlation between the earnings of a CEO of a not-for-profit hospital and public hospitals and there fate. are public hospitals are not all not-for-profit hospitals.

My added sentences/edits are in brackets. I have also linked some words and phrases to wikipedia articles dedicated to them e.g.: medicare, medicaid, not-for-profit hospital United States edited version: In the United States, two thirds of all urban hospitals are non-profit. The remaining third is split between for-profit and public, [public hospitals not necessarily being not-for-profit hospital corporations.] The urban public hospitals are often associated with medical schools. The largest public hospital system in America is the NYC Health + Hospitals.

[History]
[The safety-net role of public hospitals has evolved since 1700s when the first U.S. public hospital sheltered and provided medical healthcare to the poor. Until the late 20th century, public hospital represented the "poor house" that undertook social welfare roles. The "poor house" also provided secondarily medical care, specifically during epidemics. For this reason these "poor houses" were later known as "pest" houses. Following this phase was the "practitioner period" during which, the then welfare orientated urban public hospitals changed their focus to medical care and formalized nursing care. This new phase was highlighted by the private physicians providing care to patients outside their private practices into inpatient hospital settings. To put into practice the demands of the Flexner Report published in 1910, public hospitals later benefitted from the best medical care technology to hire full-time staff members, instruct medical and nursing students during the "academic period". The privatization of public hospitals was often contemplated during this period and stalled once an infectious disease outbreak such as influenza in 1918, tuberculosis in the early 1900s, and the polio epidemic in the 1950s hit the U.S. At this time, with the goal to improve people's health and welfare by allowing for effective health planning and the creation of neighborhood health centers, health policies like the Social Security Act were enacted. This was followed by Medicare and Medicaid Act in 1965 that gave poor Americans, mainly minorities, access to inpatient and outpatient medical care from public hospitals in after racial desegregation in the South. With their mandate to care for low income patients, the public hospital started engaging in leadership roles in the communities they care for since the 1980s.]

[Financial repercussions of accumulated uncompensated care]
2) In the U.S., public hospitals receive significant funding from local, state, and/or federal governments. In addition, [many urban public hospitals in the U.S. playing the role of safety-net hospitals, which do not turn away the underinsured and uninsured such as the vulnerable ethnic minorities], may charge Medicaid, and private insurers for the care of patients. Public hospitals, especially in urban areas, have a high concentration of uncompensated care and graduate medical education as compared to all other American hospitals. [23% of emergency care, 63% of burn care and 40% of trauma care are handled by Public hospitals in the urban cities of the United States.]  Not only do public hospitals provide access to primary care, but also specialty [Many public hospitals also develop programs for illness prevention with the goal of reducing the cost of care for low-income patients and the hospital, involving Community Health Needs Assessment and identifying and addressing the social, economic, environmental, and individual behavioral determinants of health.]

3) For-profit hospitals were more likely to provide profitable medical services and less likely to provide medical services that were relatively unprofitable. Government or public hospitals were more likely to offer relatively unprofitable medical services. Not-for-profit hospitals often fell in the middle between public and for-profit hospitals in the types of medical services they provided. For-profit hospitals were quicker to respond to changes in profitability of medical services than the other two types of hospitals.

1) Public hospitals in America are closing at a much faster rate than hospitals overall. The number of public hospitals in major suburbs declined 27% (134 to 98) from 1996 to 2002. [Much research has proven the increase in uninsured and Medicaid enrollment entwined to unmet needs for subsidies to cover the disproportionate share of uncompensated care to be associated with the challenges faced by public hospitals to maintain their financial viability as they compete with the private sector for paying patients]. [Since the creation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010, 15 million of the 48 million previously uninsured receive Medicaid. It is projected that this number will grow to about 33 million by 2018. ] [The provision of good quality ambulatory specialty care for these uninsured and Medicaid enrolled patients has particularly been a challenge for many urban public hospitals. This accounts for many factors ranging from a shortage of specialists who are more likely to practice in the more profitable sectors than in the safety-net, to the lack of clinical space. To overcome this challenge, some public hospitals have adopted the increase of specialty providers and clinics, deployment of nurse practitioners and physician assistants in specialty clinics, asynchronous electronic consultations, telehealth, the integration of Primary Care Providers (PCP) in the specialty clinics, and referral by PCP's to specialists.] [Non-profit rural hospitals were disproportionately represented with high numbers of patients with uncompensated care.(delete this sentence)] Public and non-profit rural hospitals form a large part of the health care safety net for the uninsured and poor underinsured in the U.S. [(make this paragraph the first one)]

[In 2009, at non-profit hospitals, the average CEO made $600,000 annually. The range was from $100,000 to $3 million.(Delete this sentence)]

Sector:
Homelessness can be defined in many ways. A general definition of this phenomenon is the (2). Chronic homelessness is defined by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development as the state of 'an unaccompanied homeless individual with a disabling condition who has either been continuously homeless for a year or more or who has had at least four episodes of homelessness in the past three years." One of the sources defines "A woman ... as homeless if she spent any of the previous 30 nights (a) in a mission, homeless shelter, or transitional shelter; a hotel paid for by a voucher; a church or chapel; an all-night theater or other indoor public place; an abandoned building; a vehicle; the street or other outdoor public place; or (b) in a rehabilitation program for homeless people and also stayed in one of the settings mentioned" in their study on the physical mental and behavioral health causes and consequences of homelessness in women. These articles all draw on the social, domestic and behavioral factors related to homelessness in women in the United States. They show the effect of support and family on the homeless women. There is an emphasis on sexual abuse, substance use and poor mental health as observed more in homeless women.

I will do more research on homeless women's health and I will create a "Health in homeless women in the United States" section and add a "mental health" "health care" "Infectious Disease" subsections. Mental Health of Homeless Women edited version New Header: [Health and HealthCare of Homeless Women]

Intro [Healthcare for homeless women]

With less access to health care, the homeless are at increasing risk of poor health outcomes. Homeless women especially, are less likely to benefit from routine medical assistance, health insurance, cancer screening, adequate prenatal care, appropriate ambulatory care, and specialty care for specific disorders. Additionally, the homeless population has a higher death rate than the general population in the United States. Research conducted from the mid-1980s to the late 1990s show that health conditions such as hypertension, arthritis, mental illness, victimization, tuberculosis, HIV and substance abuse are most common in the homeless population.

Subheader1: [Infectious Diseases in Homeless Women]

[Social determinants of health go hand in hand with the occurrence of Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2), and so does homelessness. In the United States, about 21 to 24% are infected with HSV-2 as compared to 88% among homeless women and an even higher prevalence among HIV positive homeless women. Despite this seroprevalence, homeless women are not considered to be a high-risk population in national guidelines. HSV-2 increases the risk of HIV infection. Most homeless women are unaware of their HSV-2 infection. This renders them more vulnerable to HIV exposure.]

[In addition to financial instability, the contraction of HIV/AIDS has been shown to be more associated with homelessness. Homeless women are more likely than poor, housed women to practice unprotected sexual activity with multiple partners and to expose themselves to HIV.

Subheader2: [Mental Health of Homeless Women]

Poor mental health of women is an important precursor to homelessness, as well as a consequence of homelessness for both women and their children. Mental illness is reported in 30% of homeless persons, and in 50% to 60% of homeless women. [Homeless women without children are more likely than homeless mothers to disclose their admission into a mental institution. ] Homeless women are especially impacted by certain mental health illnesses including antisocial personality behavior, depression, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

- Added citation and edited sentence:
In the United States, two thirds of all urban hospitals are non-profit. The remaining third is split between for-profit and public, [public hospitals not necessarily being not-for-profit hospital corporations.]

- created subsection:

 * "History" that I entirely wrote with a 19-sentence paragraph
 * Added 3 citations in the history subsection

- created subsection:
Total of 5 citations
 * "Financial repercussions of accumulated uncompensated care" with some edits like sentence and citations added)
 * Added 2 citations in the subsection
 * modified the second sentence of the first paragraph with my own input from my sources
 * Wrote 3 sentences in the first paragraph
 * Deleted sentence about not-forprofit DSH in the 3rd paragraph
 * Deleted the last sentence of the subsection talking about CEO salary of not-for-profit hospitals. this seemed irrelevant to me
 * Added 5 sentences to the 3rd paragraph and two citations

1) The role of US public hospitals in urban health.
This source defines public hospitals as federally and locally owned and funded by government. They serve the role of safety-net hospitals in the metropolitan areas for low income and uninsured patients. The source employs data from large public hospital associations such as the National Association of Public Hospitals (NAPH) to show the large share of primary outpatient and uninsured patient in public hospitals. Though published in 2004, this source, like some of my other sources, shows the strains to the public hospitals capacity due to increasing number of uncompensated care patients and government budget cuts.

I used this article to write about the historical stages of public hospitals in the US.

2)  "Residential Segregation and the Survival of U.S. Urban Public Hospitals".
This article highlights the correlation between residential and racial segregation to the closure of urban public hospitals. This is a due to socioeconomic and political disparities among urban public hospitals due to demography of served communities. Disproportionate increase in the share of safety net care services, and reduction in the governmental, political support the urban public hospitals receive. The authors hypothesize that the non-hispanic white voters' support of public hospitals might. The lack of government financial, and resource based support engenders the financial and service quality instability for urban public hospitals and this might lead to closure or conversion of the urban public hospital to private hospitals.

I will use this article to actually show the findings for urban public hospitals and focus the "United States" portion of the article more on public hospitals and less on the not-for-profit hospitals as they are not the headline of the wiki article. I will also use it to explain how demographics could explain the lower performance of public hospitals and their service delivery to minorities.

==== 3)  "Deadly Inequality in the Health Care "Safety Net": Uninsured Ethnic Minorities' Struggle to Live with Life-Threatening Illnesses".  ==== This article explains the racial/ethnic/inequalities existing in the safety net affecting the uninsured minorities.

I used this article to emphasize that the majority of the uninsured are ethnic minorities and that the safety net offers both inpatient and outpatient care.

==== 4) HChapter 8: The Safety-Net Role of Public Hospitals and Academic Medical Centers: Past, Present, and Future". The Health Care Safety Net in a Post-Reform World. ==== This article also shows the historical role of public hospitals in the safety net and the challenges and adaption to the increase in Medicaid and uninsured patients.

I used this article to show the history of public hospitals as safety net actors and methods which the public hospitals have employed to continue providing effective primary and specialty care through the integration and partnership between the two levels of care.

==== 5) Specialty Care Access in the Safety Net-the Role of Public Hospitals and Health Systems. ==== This article shows the role played by public hospitals in overcoming the increase in uncompensated care since the passage of the ACA through the reorganization of primary and specialty clinics, new methods of communication between them and referral.

I used these points in my contributions to the article as well as the projected number of Medicaid enrollees by 2018.

Major Contributions

 * Changed the "Mental Health of homeless women" section to "Health and Health Care of homeless women"
 * Wrote a 4-sentence introduction to the section with 3 citations
 * Created "infectious diseases in homeless women" subsection
 * Added sentenced about HIV and citations to it
 * Added Sentences about HSV and citations to it

 * Changed the "Mental Health of homeless women" section to a subsection.
 * added sentence and citation to it

Minor Contributions
Total of 8 citations added
 * Added citation and edited typo to the Decline of the welfare state
 * Moved the "Women and poverty subsection into the "Decline of the welfare state" section

1) Health Care for Homeless Women.
This article is about the unmet health needs of the homeless women. I used this to also introduce the section on the lack of access to health care for homeless people and the most common health outcome of homelessness among women.

==== 2) Burg M. HEALTH PROBLEMS OF SHELTERED HOMELESS WOMEN AND THEIR DEPENDENT CHILDREN.  ====

==== 3) High Rates of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection in Homeless Women: Informing Public Health Strategies. ==== This article surveyed homeless women and screened them for HSV-2 and compared these numbers to national numbers and also found a correlation between these, the conditions of living of these women (social and behavioral) putting them more at risk.

I use this for statistics and the lack of awareness among homeless women.

==== 4) Health Care for the Homeless: What We Have Learned in the Past 30 Years and What's Next.  ====

==== 5) Pilot Test of an Adapted, Evidence-Based HIV Sexual Risk Reduction Intervention for Homeless Women. Prevention Science ==== This source is describing a Sister to Sister preventive method against HIV to be very effective.

I used this source mainly for statistics and exposure to HIV

6)Health and health care disparities among homeless women.
This article states that White homeless women have more unmet health needs than other races/ethnic groups.

I introduced this source in my intro to the section to show the lack of access to health care being higher for homeless women than for housed women.

=
7) Characteristics of Mothers Caring for Children During Episodes of Homelessness. ====== This essay describes from surveys held in different states, the correlation between homeless women, homeless mothers and the likelihood of social and mental issues. In my wiki article I would like to use this source to make a compare and contrast evaluation of being a homeless woman with and without being a care giver. This will be done in terms of physical and mental health.

I want to use this article and the 2nd source to update the mental health section of the wiki article. My PE org works with some homeless women who are also care givers and are struggling with mental and behavioral health and sometimes substances abuse.

=
8) Social Welfare : A History Of The American Response To Need. Chapters 8 & 9. ====== This book gives a historical account of welfare from English colonies to the 20th century. I will be using this book to cite the "decline of the welfare state" section for welfare reform laws.

title: User:Cathycoeur/sandbox


text:
List of The Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School alumni

This is a list of notable alumni who have attended or graduated The Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School. The JAG School is generally considered the most exclusive graduate service academy within the U.S. Federal Government. It is considered "highly selective" with an acceptance rate ranging between 4 and 7%. In 2017, the Army JAG Corps and subsequent JAG School only accepted 200 of 4,000 applicants. The JAG School has a long history of supplying attorneys into the military and federal government roles, particularly the federal judiciary.

Executive council members

 * J. Reuben Clark, Under Secretary of State
 * Fred Dutton, Assistant Secretary of State
 * Judd H. Lyons, Assistant Secretary of Defense
 * Robert C. O'Brien, 28th U.S. National Security Advisor

U.S. attorneys

 * John L. Brownlee, United States Attorney for Western District of Virginia
 * Frank DeArmon Whitney, United States Attorney for the Eastern District of North Carolina
 * Maria Chapa Lopez, United States Attorney for the Middle District of Florida
 * David C. Joseph, United States Attorney for the Western District of Louisiana
 * Kenneth John Gonzales, United States Attorney for the District of New Mexico
 * Ira K. Wells, United States Attorney for the District of Puerto Rico
 * Bobby Christine, United States Attorney for the Southern District of Georgia
 * Duane Kees, United States Attorney for the Western District of Arkansas
 * Grant C. Jaquith, United States Attorney for the Northern District of New York
 * Kasey Warner, United States Attorney for the Southern District of West Virginia

U.S. diplomatic figures

 * John Bingham, United States Ambassador to Japan
 * Ralph Elihu Becker, United States Ambassador to Honduras
 * Scott Brown, United States Ambassador to New Zealand & Samoa
 * J. Reuben Clark, United States Ambassador to Mexico
 * Russell F. Freeman, United States Ambassador to Belize

House

 * William Vollie Alexander Jr., U.S. Representative from Arkansas
 * Syd Herlong, U.S. Representative from Florida
 * Greg Steube, U.S. Representative from Florida
 * John A. T. Hull, U.S. Representative from Iowa
 * Steve Buyer, U.S. Representative from Indiana
 * Goodloe Byron, U.S. Representative from Maryland
 * Anthony Brown, U.S. Representative from Maryland
 * Elmer Ryan, U.S. Representative from Minnesota
 * Webb Franklin, U.S. Representative from Mississippi
 * Mark Amodei, U.S. Representative from Nevada
 * John Laurance, U.S. Representative from New York
 * Martin B. McKneally, U.S. Representative from New York
 * Lee Zeldin, U.S. Representative from New York
 * Alexander Pirnie, U.S. Representative from New York
 * Gregory W. Carman, U.S. Representative from New York
 * John H. Ray, U.S. Representative from New York
 * George H. Wilson, U.S. Representative from Oklahoma
 * Patrick Murphy, U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania
 * Joe L. Evins, U.S. Representative from Tennessee
 * Louie Gohmert, U.S. Representative from Texas

Senate

 * J. Bennett Johnston, U.S. Senator from Louisiana
 * Dennis DeConcini, U.S. Senator from Arizona
 * Frank Moss, U.S. Senator from Utah
 * George B. Martin, U.S. Senator from Kentucky
 * Scott Brown, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts

Federal appellate judges

 * G. Steven Agee, Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
 * Roger Miner, Judge of United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
 * Leslie H. Southwick, Judge of United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
 * Carl E. Stewart, Chief Judge of United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
 * William Lockhart Garwood, Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
 * John Weld Peck II, Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
 * Pasco Bowman II, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
 * David R. Hansen, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
 * Evan Wallach, Judge of United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
 * Herbert Choy, Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
 * Gregory W. Carman, Chief Judge of the United States Court of International Trade

Federal district court judges

 * Liles C. Burke, Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama
 * L. Scott Coogler, Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama
 * Douglas L. Rayes, Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona
 * Morrison C. England Jr., Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California
 * James M. Ideman, Judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California
 * Gary L. Taylor, Judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California
 * Royce Lamberth, Chief Judge, United States District Court for the District of Columbia
 * Donald L. Graham, Judge of United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida
 * Winston Arnow Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida
 * Howell W. Melton, Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida
 * J. P. Boulee, Judge United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia
 * Charles A. Pannell Jr., Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia
 * Derrick Watson, Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii
 * Dee D. Drell, Chief Judge of United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana
 * David C. Joseph, Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana
 * Frederic N. Smalkin, Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland
 * Edward L. Leahy Judge of United States District Court for the New Hampshire
 * Steven J. McAuliffe, Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire
 * John Laurance, Judge of United States District Court for the District of New York
 * Kenneth John Gonzales, Judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico
 * Frank DeArmon Whitney, Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina
 * David Dudley Dowd Jr., Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio
 * William Huntington Kirkpatrick, Judge United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
 * Edmund V. Ludwig, Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
 * Kim R. Gibson, Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania
 * Jose Victor Toledo, Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico
 * Ira K. Wells, Judge of United States District Court for the District Puerto Rico
 * Andrew Wendell Bogue, Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the District of South Dakota
 * Lawrence L. Piersol, Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the District of South Dakota
 * Robert J. O'Conor Jr., Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas
 * Sim Lake, Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas
 * James R. Spencer, Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia.

State government

 * Marc Racicot Governor of Montana
 * Blanton Winship, Governor of Puerto Rico
 * Mike Stack, Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania
 * Bob McDonnell, Governor of Virginia
 * Anthony Brown, Lieutenant Governor of Maryland
 * Ron DeSantis, Governor of Florida

Attorneys general

 * Marc Racicot, Attorney General of Montana
 * Carl Danberg, Attorney General of Delaware
 * Beau Biden, Attorney General of Delaware and son of President Joe Biden.
 * Bob McDonnell, Attorney General of Virginia
 * Grenville Beardsley, Attorney General of Illinois
 * Mark Brnovich, Attorney General of Arizona

State judiciary

 * Arno H. Denecke, Chief Justice of Oregon Supreme Court
 * Frank LaBuda, Associate Justice of New York Supreme Court
 * John A. Hull, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
 * J. Philip Johnson, Associate Justice North Dakota Supreme Court
 * Price Daniel, Associate Justice of the Texas Supreme Court
 * N. Patrick Crooks, Associate Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court
 * Robert E. Davis, Chief Justice of the Kansas Supreme Court
 * Herbert R. Brown, Associate Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court
 * A. William Sweeney, Associate Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court
 * Charles B. Zimmerman, Associate Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court
 * Josephine L. Hart, Associate Justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court
 * Joseph T. Walsh, Associate Justice of Delaware Supreme Court
 * N. Patrick Crooks, Associate Justice of Wisconsin Supreme Court
 * Paul A. Chase, Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court
 * Rudolph J. Daley, Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court
 * William C. Hill, Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court
 * Ernest W. Gibson III, Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court
 * Jerod E. Tufte, Associate Justice of the North Dakota Supreme Court

Non U.S. political figures

 * Richard Reeve Baxter, Judge of the International Court of Justice
 * Amnon Straschnov, Military Advocate General of the Israeli Defense Forces

Other military figures

 * Robyn J. Blader, U.S. National Guard general
 * Dana K. Chipman, Judge Advocate General of the United States Army
 * Caroline A. Crenshaw, Commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
 * Flora D. Darpino, first woman Judge Advocate General of the United States Army
 * Moe Davis, Air Force colonel
 * Andrew S. Effron, chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
 * David Jonas, United States government official, nominee for General Counsel of the United States Department of Energy
 * James E. McPherson, Judge Advocate General of the United States Navy, executive director of the National Association of Attorneys General
 * Grier Martin, State Representative (D-North Carolina)
 * Mark S. Martins, chief prosecutor in the trial of Khalid Sheik Mohammed
 * Hubert Miller, Olympic bobsledder
 * Haldane Robert Mayer, United States federal appellate judge (Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit)
 * Lisa M. Schenck, professor, George Washington University Law School
 * William K. Suter, 19th Clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States


text:
Portal:Ethology

Welcome to the Wikiversity Department of Ethology.

Ethology is the study of animal behavior in natural environment, as opposed to behaviorism, which studies behavior in the lab.

Ethology's tools are minute-by-minute observation and analysis of behavior, usually on adaptive grounds. Behaviorism is focused on the design of controlled and repetitive experiments, usually to study hard-wired innate behaviors.

The Department of Ethology is a Wikiversity content development project where participants create, organize and develop learning resources for ethology.

The "topic" namespace contains pages that are for management and organization of small academic units at Wikiversity such as departments (see: Topics).

Department news
Can the definition be changed? The definition of ethology is weak (over-simplistic) and behaviourism is completely mis-defined (it is actually focussed on acquired behaviours, as oppose to ethology...)
 * 6 November 2006 - Department founded!

Learning Projects
See: Learning Projects and the Learning model.

Learning materials and learning projects are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a link to the name of the learning project (learning projects are independent pages in the main namespace) and start writing! We suggest the use of the learning project template (use "subst:Learning project boilerplate" on the new page, inside the double curved brackets – ).

Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple departments. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.

Remember, Wikiversity has adopted the "learning by doing" model for education. Lessons should center on learning activities for Wikiversity participants. We learn by doing.

Select a descriptive name for each learning project.

title: Portal:Ethology


text:
Talk:Finite Arithmetic

''This page is just a skelleton. I will add content as time permits. The main purpose of putting this up is to define what goes where in the track Numerical Algorithms.''

Goals
After finishing this course, students should:
 * Know how floating-point numbers are represented, specifically as defined by IEEE 754.
 * Know what eps, realmin, realmax and denormalized numbers are.
 * Know the common problems in using finite-precision arithmetic and know how to avoid them when possible.

Take-Home Message

 * Numbers have a finite relative precision.
 * Floating-Point numbers may cause avoidable errors.
 * Special care has to be taken to avoid such errors.

title: Talk:Finite Arithmetic


text:
Mete Horozoğlu

Mete Horozoğlu (born 11 October 1975) is a Turkish actor.

Life and career
Mete Horozoğlu was born in Ankara. His family were immigrants from Sarajevo who settled in Bursa. He spent his primary and secondary school years in Ankara and Yalova respectively, and later moved to Karamürsel to enroll in high school. In 2001, he graduated from Anadolu University State Conservatory with a degree in theatre studies. In 2010, he got his master's degree in advance acting from Bahçeşehir University.

Between 2001 and 2003, he worked at Theatre Anadolu in Eskişehir Anadolu University. After moving to Istanbul, he was cast in various movies and TV series. He worked as a stage actor for Istanbul State Theatre between 2003 and 2004, Çığır Sahnesi Oyuncuları between 2004 and 2005 and Semaver Company between 2005 and 2007.

He was first noted by the audience with his role in the Yanık Koza TV series. His popularity increased with his leading role in the movie Nefes: Vatan Sağolsunas Yüzbaşı Mete, and his breakthrough came with Öyle Bir Geçer Zaman ki, in which he played the role of Soner Talaşoğlu.

title: Mete Horozoğlu


text:
Rohitha Neil Akmeemana

Brigadier Rohitha Neil Akmeemana RSP, USP was a senior Sri Lanka Army officer who served as Brigade Commander, 54-2 Brigade which was attached to the 54 Division during the Second Battle of Elephant Pass in April 2000.

Having joined the Sri Lanka Army as an officer cadet in 1976, he received his training at the Sri Lanka Military Academy and was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the 1st Battalion, Gemunu Watch. There he was a part of the regimental Cricket team which won the Army inter regimental Cricket tournament in 1979. During his military career spanning over 22 years, he held a number of battle commands in the 30-year-old ethnic conflict battling the LTTE. He was appointed as the first commanding officer of the 9th Battalion, Gemunu Watch on 24 January 1994 and commanded the unit in the eastern theater of war until 1995. In 1995 he was appointed as the centre commandant at the Gemunu Watch regimental headquarters in Kuruwita.

He was killed in action during the Second Battle of Elephant Pass during the SLA's strategic withdrawal following a massive LTTE offensive in April 2000. During the withdrawal his brigade acted as a rear guard alongside the Independent Special Forces brigade commanded by Major General Percy Fernando. After the withdrawal he died of dehydration on 22 April at the Palali hospital. He was serving in the rank of colonel as a brigade commander and was posthumously promoted to the rank of brigadier.

He was awarded the Rana Sura Padakkama and Uttama Seva Padakkama among other medals for gallantry and service.

title: Rohitha Neil Akmeemana


text:
Vasyl Palahnyuk

Vasyl Palahnyuk (Василь Васильович Палагнюк; born 7 March 1991) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Bukovyna Chernivtsi.

Career
He is product of FC Bukovyna Chernivtsi and FC Dynamo Kyiv youth sportive schools.

In addition to Ukraine, he also played in Armenia and Moldova and was a renowned flautist. In September 2017 he was signed by the Ukrainian Premier League club NK Veres Rivne but was later excommunicated for hate crimes committed in October of that year.

title: Vasyl Palahnyuk


text:
Talk:Barklie Lakin

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Barklie Lakin. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20130209171129/http://www.ww2talk.com/forum/news-articles/33994-times-obit-lt-cdr-barklie-lakin-dso-dsc-bar-rn.html to http://www.ww2talk.com/forum/news-articles/33994-times-obit-lt-cdr-barklie-lakin-dso-dsc-bar-rn.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:07, 15 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Barklie Lakin


text:
John W. Holcomb

John William Holcomb (born 1963) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California.

Early life and education
Holcomb was born in 1963 in Olean, New York. He attended Massachusetts Institute of Technology on a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps scholarship, graduating in 1984 with a Bachelor of Science in civil engineering. He spent five years as an active duty military officer, then jointly attended Harvard Law School and Harvard Business School, receiving a JD–MBA in 1993. Holcomb received his Juris Doctor degree with cum laude honors.

Military service
Holcomb served in the United States Navy from 1980 to 1989, and he was on active duty as a commissioned officer from 1984 to 1989. His service included time as a Surface Warfare Officer aboard the battleship USS New Jersey (BB-62).

Career
After receiving his JD–MBA, Holcomb served as a law clerk to Judge Ronald Barliant of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Illinois from 1993 to 1994. From 1994 to 1997, he was an associate with Irell & Manella. He practiced intellectual property law at Knobbe Martens from 1997 to 2018. In 2019 he was briefly a sole practitioner, before joining Greenberg Gross in Costa Mesa, California, where he focused on intellectual property and bankruptcy litigation. He left Greenberg Gross after becoming a federal judge.

Federal judicial service
On September 20, 2019, President Donald Trump announced his intent to nominate Holcomb to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California. On November 21, 2019, his nomination was sent to the Senate. President Trump nominated Holcomb to the seat vacated by Judge Dean Pregerson, who assumed senior status on January 28, 2016. On January 3, 2020, his nomination was returned to the President under Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6 of the United States Senate. On February 13, 2020, his renomination was sent to the Senate. On June 17, 2020, a hearing on his nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee. On July 23, 2020, his nomination was reported out of committee by a voice vote. On September 15, 2020, the Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 83–13 vote. His nomination was confirmed later that day by a 83–12 vote. He received his judicial commission on September 18, 2020.

title: John W. Holcomb