text:
User:WistfulVistas/sandbox

WistfulVistas

The Cubs will be bold in this year's playoffs.

VisualEditor buttons:

Paragraph: This helps you set the style of the text. For example, a header, or plain paragraph text. You can also use it to offset block quotes.

A: Highlight your text, then click here to format it with bold, italics, etc. The "More" options allows you to underline, add code snippets, and change language keyboards.

Links: The chain button allows you to link your text. Highlight the word, and push the button. VisualEditor will automatically suggest related Wikipedia articles for that word or phrase. This is a great way to connect your article to more Wikipedia content. You only have to link important words once, usually during the first time they appear. If you want to link to pages outside of Wikipedia (for an "external links" section, for example) click on the "External link" tab.

Cite: The citation tool in VisualEditor helps format your citations. You can simply paste a DOI or URL, and the VisualEditor will try to sort out all of the fields you need. Be sure to review it, however, and apply missing fields manually (if you know them). You can also add books, journals, news, and websites manually. That opens up a quick guide for inputting your citations. Finally, you can click the "re-use" tab if you've already added a source and just want to cite it again.

Bullets: To add bullet points or a numbered list, click here.

Insert: This tab lets you add media, images, or tables.

Ω: The final tab allows you to add special characters, such as those found in non-English words, scientific notation, and a handful of language extensions.

Practice editing for Session 3 of class:

Add a citation

Add a section:

This is a new section added for my class
Adding an external link:

http://www.denverpost.com/

Adding an image:

title: User:WistfulVistas/sandbox


text:
Talk:Dave Nellist

Untitled
I don't claim to know enough about the Militant era to change this, but doesn't "Nellist became a target of the majority faction around Neil Kinnock within the party" really mean "he found himself in a minority"? Can a majority actually be a faction? Drella Melmoth 09:59, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_faction doesn't make any mention of size of a faction - just that it's a group within a group.Lindsay40k (talk) 01:47, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Dave Nellist. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090211093448/http://cmis.coventry.gov.uk/CMISWebPublic/Member.aspx?personID=56 to http://cmis.coventry.gov.uk/CMISWebPublic/Member.aspx?personID=56
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081120170733/http://www.socialistalternative.org/literature/militant/ch47.html to http://www.socialistalternative.org/literature/militant/ch47.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:57, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Dave Nellist


text:
Evolutionary Biology/Carl Linnaeus

< Evolution before Darwin

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) was a Swedish botanist and taxonomist. One of his principle contributions was the taxonomic system of binomial nomenclature. He turned away from his love of botany in order to pursue the medical field (?). While studying in the Netherlands, he published his first work, entitled Systema Naturae (1725). In this work, he introduced his idea of three (?) main kingdoms created from the use of his classification system. His systema naturae was a continuous work that ended up in multiple volumes as the concepts of classification were modified with the growing number of species of plants and animals.

Scientific Thoughts
The scientific thinking of Carl Linnaeus began with natural theology. Because of his religions beliefs, he believed that it was possible to find an understanding of God by looking at His creations. In part of Systema Naturae, he explained how he thought that the divine order of the creations of God would possibly be revealed by studying nature and its origins.

Linnaeus' love of botany brought his first taxonomic categories to be those of plants. He based each group of plants on the number and arrangement of the plant's reproductive organs. This did not work as well as Linnaeus planned because it created a system that was very unnatural in the sense that it did not compare many other similarities and differences that are important to categorising plants. He first separated the plants into a large group (?), and then used smaller categories to further diversify the plants. He gave each plant two names which is the origin of binomial nomenclature. This form of classifying has been modified throughout the years and is still used today.

Binomial nomenclature consists of the two Latin names given to an organism. The first is the name of the genus to which the organism belongs, also referred to as the generic epithet. Genera are further divided into species, identified by the specific epithet (the second part of the name). The combination of these two category names creates the scientific name of organisms. Even though Linnaeus was not (?) the first to use the binomial naming system, he was the first to use it frequently enough for the system to be accepted and used more often by scientists everywhere.

Linnaeus' thoughts on evolution are very different from the modern day theories. He believed that species were immutable. Even though Linnaeus believed in immutability, he did believe that the creation of new species was possible, but that it is limited. (?)

Linnaeus was the father of taxonomic and gave us the binomial system of naming and classifying organisms.

title: Evolutionary Biology/Carl Linnaeus


text:
Talk:2020–21 Cymru Premier

4th place in Europa conference
The Europa conference league have the winners of the welsh cup and not 4th place; I questioned on the Europa conference league wikipedia talk page itself how you two lots of information on the same website, and someone find a link saying tier 1 and 2 teams will only take place. Japhes5005 (talk) 12:25, 14 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:2020–21 Cymru Premier


text:
Swing Dancing

This book is intended to serve as a guide to various forms of swing dancing, and will ideally contain descriptions and pictures of various moves. This textbook is of course not meant to be a replacement for actual practice and lessons, but a reference and source of new ideas.

Technique

 * 1) Etiquette
 * 2) Connection
 * 3) Musicality

Basic Swing Dances

 * 1) Charleston
 * 2) Lindy Hop
 * 3) East Coast Swing
 * Balboa
 * 1) Collegiate Shag
 * 2) West Coast Swing

Dance Moves

 * 1) Sugar Push
 * 2) Skip up
 * 3) Side Pass
 * 4) Circle
 * 5) Groucho
 * 6) Silly moves
 * 7) Jazz dance moves
 * 8) Aerials

Appendix

 * 1) Swing dance glossary

title: Swing Dancing


text:
incollare

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1) to stick, glue
 * 2)  to paste

Etymology 2
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to put on the neck, to load on the shoulders

title: incollare


text:
Talk:Dick Adams (Australian politician)

Literacy
IP <IP_ADDRESS> reverted one of my edits without explanation. This edit stated that Adams was nearly illiterate when he left school. I included a citation from his own site. He doesn't hide this fact. No explanation of the reversion of my cited statement was made. Robert Brockway (talk) 14:18, 16 April 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dick Adams (Australian politician)


text:
Cookbook talk:Tarbes Salad

This recipe was the featured recipe on the main Cookbook page from June 1, 2004 - June 19, 2004. Gentgeen 22:37, 16 Jun 2004 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Tarbes Salad


text:
Chromosomes

A chromosome is a single large macromolecule of DNA, and constitutes a physically organized form of DNA in a cell. It is a very long, continuous piece of DNA (a single DNA molecule), which contains many genes, regulatory elements and other intervening nucleotide sequences. A broader definition of "chromosome" also includes the DNA-bound proteins which serve to package and manage the DNA. The word chromosome comes from the Greek (chroma, color) and  (soma, body) due to its capacity to be stained very strongly with vital and supravital dyes.

Chromosomes vary extensively between different organisms. The DNA molecule may be circular or linear, and can contain anything from tens of kilobase pairs to hundreds of megabase pairs. Typically eukaryotic cells have large linear chromosomes and prokaryotic cells smaller circular chromosomes, although there are many exceptions to this rule. Furthermore, cells may contain more than one type of chromosome; for example mitochondria in most eukaryotes and chloroplasts in plants have their own small chromosome in addition to the nuclear chromosomes.

In eukaryotes nuclear chromosomes are packaged by proteins (particularly histones) into chromatin to fit the massive molecules into the nucleus. The structure of chromatin varies through the cell cycle, and is responsible for the compaction of DNA into the classic four-arm structure during mitosis and meiosis. Prokaryotes do not form chromatin, the cells lack proteins required and the circular configuration of the molecule prevents this.

"Chromosome" is a rather loosely defined term. In prokaryotes, a small circular DNA molecule may be called either a plasmid or a small chromosome. In viruses, the DNA molecules present in mitochondria and chloroplasts are commonly referred to as chromosomes, despite being naked molecules, as they constitute the complete genome of the organism or organelle.

Chromosomes in eukaryotes
Eukaryotes (cells with nuclei such as plants, yeast, and animals) possess multiple large linear chromosomes contained in the cell's nucleus. Each chromosome has one centromere, with one or two arms projecting from the centromere, although under most circumstances these arms are not visible as such. In addition most eukaryotes have a small circular mitochondrial genome, and some eukaryotes may have additional small circular or linear cytoplasmic chromosomes.

In the nuclear chromosomes of eukaryotes, the uncondensed DNA exists in a semi-ordered structure, where it is wrapped around histones (structural proteins), forming a composite material called chromatin.

Chromatin
Chromatin is the complex of DNA and protein found in the eukaryotic nucleus which packages chromosomes. The structure of chromatin varies significantly between different stages of the cell cycle, according to the requirements of the DNA.

Interphase chromatin
During interphase (the period of the cell cycle where the cell is not dividing) two types of chromatin can be distinguished:
 * Euchromatin, which consists of DNA that is active, e.g., expressed as protein.
 * Heterochromatin, which consists of mostly inactive DNA. It seems to serve structural purposes during the chromosomal stages. Heterochromatin can be further distinguished into two types:
 * Constitutive heterochromatin, which is never expressed. It is located around the centromere and usually contains repetitive sequences.
 * Facultative heterochromatin, which is sometimes expressed.

Individual chromosomes cannot be distinguished at this stage - they appear in the nucleus as a homogeneous tangled mix of DNA and protein.

Metaphase chromatin and division
In the early stages of mitosis or meiosis (cell division), the chromatin strands become more and more condensed. They cease to function as accessible genetic material (transcription stops) and become a compact transportable form. This compact form makes the individual chromosomes visible, and they form the classic four arm structure, a pair of sister chromatids attach to each other at the centromere. The shorter arms are called p arms (from the French petit, small) and the longer arms are called q arms (q follows p in the Latin alphabet). This is the only natural context in which individual chromosomes are visible with an optical microscope.

During divisions long microtubules attach to the centromere and the two opposite ends of the cell. The microtubules then pull the chromatids apart, so that each daughter cell inherits one set of chromatids. Once the cells have divided, the chromatids are uncoiled and can function again as chromatin. In spite of their appearance, chromosomes are structurally highly condensed which enables these giant DNA structures to be contained within a cell nucleus (Fig. 2).

The self assembled microtubules form the spindle, which attaches to chromosomes at specialized structures called kinetochores, one of which is present on each sister chromatid. A special DNA base sequence in the region of the kinetochores provides, along with special proteins, longer-lasting attachment in this region.

Chromosomes in prokaryotes
Prokaryotes (eg. Bacteria) typically have a single circular chromosome, but many variations do exist. Bacterial DNA also exists as plasmids, essentially miniature chromosomes, which are small circular pieces of DNA that are readily transmitted between bacteria. The distinction between plasmids and chromosomes is poorly defined, though size and necessity are generally taken into account.

Structure in sequences
Prokaryotes chromosomes have less sequence based structure than eukaryotes. They do, however, typically have a single point, the origin of replication, from which replication starts.

The genes in prokaryotes are often organised in operons, and do not contain introns, unlike eukaryotes.

Location in the cell
Bacterial chromosomes tend to be tethered to the plasma membrane of the bacteria. In molecular biology application, this allows for its isolation from plasmid DNA by centrifugation of lysed bacteria and pelleting of the membranes (and the attached DNA).

DNA packaging
Prokaryotes possess high stones and a nuclear bomb, and so do not possess chromatin like eukaryotes. There is, however, thought to be some structural organisation to help condense the large molecule into the small prokaryotic cell.

Prokaryotic chromosomes and plasmids are, like eukaryotic DNA, generally supercoiled. The DNA must first be released into its relaxed state for access for transcription, regulation, and replication.

Eukaryotes
Normal members of a particular eukaryotic species all have the same number of nuclear chromosomes (see the table). Other eukaryotic chromosomes, i.e. mitochondrial and plasmid-like small chromosomes, are much more variable in number, and there may be thousands of copies per cell.

Asexually reproducing species have one set of chromosomes, which is the same in all body cells.

Sexually reproducing species have somatic cells (body cells), which are diploid [2n] having two sets of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father. Gametes, reproductive cells, are haploid [n]: they have one set of chromosomes. Gametes are produced by meiosis of a diploid germ line cell. During meiosis, the matching chromosomes of father and mother can exchange small parts of themselves (crossover), and thus create new chromosomes that are not inherited solely from either parent. When a male and a female gamete merge (fertilization), a new diploid organism is formed.

Some animal and plant species are polyploid [Xn]: they have more than two sets of homologous chromosomes. Agriculturally important plants such as tobacco or wheat are often polyploid compared to their ancestral species. Wheat has a haploid number of seven chromosomes, still seen in some cultivars as well as the wild progenitors. The more common pasta and bread wheats are polyploid having 28 (tetraploid) and 42 (hexaploid) chromosomes compared to the 14 (diploid) chromosomes in the wild wheat.

Historical note: In 1921, Theophilus Painter claimed, based on his observations, that human sex cells had 24 chromosomes each, giving humans 48 chromosomes total. It wasn't until 1955 that the number of chromosomes was clearly shown to be 23.

Prokaryotes
Prokaryote species generally have one copy of each major chromosome, but most cells can easily survive with multiple copies. Plasmids and plasmid-like small chromosomes are, like in eukaryotes, very variable in copy number. The number of plasmids in the cell is almost entirely determined by the rate of division of the plasmid - fast division causes high copy number, and vice versa.

Karyotype
Karyotyping is a technique used to determine the (diploid) number of nuclear chromosomes of a eukaryotic organism, and may be used for determining sex and spotting chromosomal abnormalities. Cells can be locked part way through division (in metaphase) in vitro (in a reaction vial) with colchicine. These cells are then stained, photographed and arranged into a karyotype (an ordered set of chromosomes, Fig. 3), also called karyogram.

Like many sexually reproducing species, humans have special gonosomes (sex chromosomes, in contrast to autosomes). These are XX in females and XY in males, and can be seen in the karyotype, Fig. 3.

Chromosomal aberrations

Chromosomal aberrations are disruptions in the normal chromosomal content of a cell, and are a major cause of genetic disease in humans, such as Down syndrome. Some chromosome abnormalities do not cause disease in carriers, such as translocations, or chromosomal inversions, although they may lead to a higher chance of having a child with a chromosome disorder. Abnormal numbers of chromosomes or chromosome sets, aneuploidy, may be lethal or give rise to genetic disorders. Genetic counseling is offered for families that may carry a chromosome rearrangement.

The gain or loss of chromosome material can lead to a variety of genetic disorders. Human examples include:
 * Cri du chat, which is caused by the deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 5. "Cri du chat" means "cry of the cat" in French, and the condition was so-named because affected babies make high-pitched cries that sound like a cat. Affected individuals have wide-set eyes, a small head and jaw and are moderately to severely mentally retarded and very short.
 * Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, which is caused by partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4. It is characterized by severe growth retardation and severe to profound mental retardation.
 * Down's syndrome, usually is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). Characteristics include decreased muscle tone, asymmetrical skull, slanting eyes and mild to moderate mental retardation.
 * Edward's syndrome, which is the second most common trisomy after Down syndrome. It is a trisomy of chromosome 18. Symptoms include mental and motor retardation and numerous congenital anomalies causing serious health problems. Ninety percent die in infancy; however, those who live past their first birthday usually are quite healthy thereafter. They have a characteristic hand appearance with clenched hands and overlapping fingers.
 * Patau Syndrome, also called D-Syndrome or trisomy-13. Symptoms are somewhat similar to those of trisomy-18, but they do not have the characteristic hand shape.
 * Idic15, abbreviation for Isodicentric 15 on chromosome 15; also called the following names due to various researches, but they all mean the same; IDIC(15), Inverted dupliction 15, extra Marker, Inv dup 15, partial tetrasomy 15
 * Jacobsen syndrome, also called the terminal 11q deletion disorder. This is a very rare disorder. Those affected have normal intelligence or mild mental retardation, with poor expressive language skills. Most have a bleeding disorder called Paris-Trousseau syndrome.
 * Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY). Men with Klinefelter syndrome are usually sterile, and tend to have longer arms and legs and to be taller than their peers. Boys with the syndrome are often shy and quiet, and have a higher incidence of speech delay and dyslexia. During puberty, without testosterone treatment, some of them may develop gynecomastia.
 * Turner syndrome (X instead of XX or XY). In Turner syndrome, female sexual characteristics are present but underdeveloped. People with Turner syndrome often have a short stature, low hairline, abnormal eye features and bone development and a "caved-in" appearance to the chest.
 * XYY syndrome. XYY boys are usually taller than their siblings. Like XXY boys and XXX girls, they are somewhat more likely to have learning difficulties.
 * Triple-X syndrome (XXX). XXX girls tend to be tall and thin and are often shy. They have a higher incidence of dyslexia.
 * Small supernumerary marker chromosome]. This means there is an extra, abnormal chromosome. Features depend on the origin of the extra genetic material. Cat-eye syndrome and Isodicentric chromosome 15 syndrome (or Idic15) are both caused by a supernumerary marker chromosome, as is Pallister-Killian syndrome.

Chromosomal mutations produce changes in whole chromosomes (more than one gene) or in the number of chromosomes present. Most mutations are neutral- have little or no effect
 * Deletion- loss of part of a chromosome
 * Duplication- extra copies of a part of a chromosome
 * Inversion- reverse the direction of a part of a chromosome
 * Translocation- part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome

A detailed graphical display of all human chromosomes and the diseases annotated at the correct spot may be found at.

The human chromosomes
Human cells have 23 pairs of large linear nuclear chromosomes, giving a total of 46 per cell. In addition to these, human cells have many hundreds of copies of the mitochondrial genome. All of the human chromosomes have been sequenced and a great deal is known about each of them.
 * † Human Genome Project goals called for determination of only the euchromatic portion of the genome. Telomeres, centromeres, and other heterochromatic regions have been left undetermined, as have a small number of unclonable gaps.

title: Chromosomes


text:
Tom Barley

Tom Barley (born 9 March 1987) is a British racing driver. In 2013, Barley made a singular appearance in the British Touring Car Championship at Brands Hatch, driving for Team HARD in a Vauxhall Insignia NGTC.

Complete British Touring Car Championship results
(key) Races in bold indicate pole position (1 point awarded – 2001–2002 all races, 2003–present just for first race, 2001 in class) Races in italics indicate fastest lap (1 point awarded all races, 2001 in class) * signifies that driver lead race for at least one lap (1 point given – 2001–2002 just for feature race, 2003–present all races, 2001 in class)

title: Tom Barley


text:
Cookbook:Cuisine of China

| East Asian cuisines

Chinese cuisine is not a single entity, but instead is made up of the individual cuisines of many provinces and ethnics groups of China. So combined together, there are perhaps thousands of types all over China. That is why Chinese have a famous old saying "Cuisine is heavenly in first priority" (民以食为天). However, there are some common ingredients and philosophies about most Chinese foods.

First and foremost, Chinese believe that having a knife at the table is barbaric. This means dishes are usually prepared in portions to be eaten directly with chopsticks or spoons. Second, Chinese foods are usually served warm and well-cooked.

Common ingredients include:

 * Beef
 * Chicken
 * Duck
 * Pork
 * Soybeans (tofu, soy sauce)
 * Vegetables

Genres of Cuisine
It is a common sense to most Chinese that there are eight main genres (or types) of cuisine in China. They are:
 * Chuan cuisine（川菜）(Combined with Cheng-Du and Chong-Qing regional cuisines; Spicy and hot)
 * Hui cuisine（徽菜）(Combined with Wan-nan, Yangtze river drainage area; Very good at pot-roasting and using sugar)
 * Lu cuisine（鲁菜）(Combined with Ji-Nan and Jiao-Dong regional cuisines; Garlic and seafood)
 * Min cuisine（闽菜）(Combined with Fuzhou, Quanzhou and Xiamen; South sea seafood)
 * Su cuisine（苏菜）(Combined with Yang-zhou,Suzhou and Nanking; Good at braising and soup;Fresh and yum)
 * Xiang cuisine（湘菜）(Specially hot and heavily using of chilly and vinegar)
 * Yue cuisine（粤菜）(Combined with Guangzhou, Chaozhou and Dongjiang; Simple yet complex, crisp and fresh)
 * Zhe cuisine（浙菜）(Combined with Hangzhou, Ningbo and Shaoxing; Soft and good-smelling)

The genres are mainly based on the provinces of old China.

However, nowadays new cuisine types are created and there could be more than eight types.

Cuisines
The cuisines of modern China:
 * Anhui cuisine
 * Beijing cuisine
 * Chaozhou cuisine
 * Chinese cuisine (Imperial or aristocratic cuisine)
 * Fujian cuisine
 * Guangdong cuisine (Cantonese) - fresh ingredients, very light spices
 * Henan cuisine
 * Huai-Yang cuisine
 * Hubei cuisine
 * Hunan cuisine
 * Jiangsu cuisine
 * Liaoning cuisine
 * Shaanxi cuisine
 * Shandong cuisine
 * Shanghai cuisine
 * Sichuan cuisine (Szechuan) - includes use of spicy peppers
 * Yunnan cuisine
 * Zhejiang cuisine

Others:
 * Hangzhou cuisine
 * Manchurian cuisine
 * Xinjiang cuisine - heavy use of lamb

Recipes
Please see our listing of Chinese recipes.

title: Cookbook:Cuisine of China


text:
Talk:Sanfrecce Hiroshima

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Sanfrecce Hiroshima. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20100313121121/http://www.sanfrecce.co.jp:80/en/ to http://www.sanfrecce.co.jp/en/

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 12:44, 9 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Sanfrecce Hiroshima. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20130118003542/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/sports/soccer/AJ201211240063 to http://ajw.asahi.com/article/sports/soccer/AJ201211240063

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:17, 25 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sanfrecce Hiroshima


text:
Mary C. Billings

Mary C. Billings (, Ward; after first marriage, Granniss; after second marriage, Webster; after third marriage, Billings; pen names, M.C.G., Mrs. M.C. Granniss; July 12, 1824 – March 2, 1904) was an American evangelist, missionary, and writer. She was Texas' first ordained woman Universalist minister.

Billings, an ordained minister in the Universalist Church, did missionary work in Texas, and associated with her husband, of the same congregation, who was superintendent of its missions in the State. Though Billings largely gave her life to clerical work, she displayed great activity in other fields. She wrote two books, one a work of fiction, entitled Emma Clermert, and the other a holiday publication, known as The Wonderful Christmas Tree. Both were well received and were flatteringly commended by the press. While abroad, she wrote "Thitherside Sketches," which were serially published in Ladies' Repository, a Boston monthly, running through two years of that publication. Billings was also a prolific writer for northern journals and periodicals, denominational and secular. These productions were both in prose and verse, and from each, certain works were compiled in book form for literary readers. Among these compilations may be mentioned "Poets and Poetry of Printerdom," "Women in Sacred Song," and "Our Women Workers". Billings was a member of The Texas Woman's Press Association, and of The Woman's State Council. Widowed three times, Billings had no children.

Early life and education
Mary Charlotte Ward was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, July 12, 1824. Her father was William Ward. William's grandfather, Rev. Solomon Palmer, a Presbyterian minister, was educated at Old Yale.

Billings was not systematically educated. For the older children of the family, her parents were anxious that they should receive the best education, and encouraged them to work hard, until the health of several failed, and they died. With Billings, they took the other extreme; and she was allowed plenty of books, but freedom from all schoolroom restraints, and time to exercise in the open air. Her first published poem was written at the age of 12.

Mary Granniss
In 1845, Billings married Frederick Granniss, also of Litchfield, who was a wealthy silk merchant. They moved to Hartford, Connecticut, and joined the Hartford Universalist congregation. The years 1859–60, she traveled abroad with him, and put the result of her experiences and observations into a series of letters called "Thither-Side Sketches" for Ladies' Repository. After returning from their foreign trip, they built a suburban home, known as "Lilfred's Rest." Here, for several years, she led a happy, quiet, intellectual life, reading what she enjoyed, and writing when the spirit moved her. Her first book, Emma Clermont was published in 1849. The poor health of Frederick precipitated a move to Turpentine Camp in the pine forests of Alabama with the hope for an improvement in Frederick's health. Her letters from the forest of Alabama were instructive and entertaining. "Bear Ye One Another's Burdens" was a touching poem, containing a whole sermon. They eventually returned to Hartford where Frederick died in 1866.

Mary Webster
In 1869, the widow married the Universalist minister and publisher, Rev. Charles Henry Webster. She assisted her husband in his pulpit ministry as a lay preacher while Charles was performing missionary work. Though never ordained, she often back-filled for absent ministers. During this time, she was interested in every project for the welfare of women, including serving as Vice President of the Woman's Centenary Association for seven years, as well as writing prose and verse for the denominational periodical press. In 1877, Charles died. At some point of time in the 1870's, Mary took in her niece, Charlotte Henrietta Ward, daughter of her older brother, Henry Ward, after his death.

Rev. Mary Billings
In 1885, in Waco, Texas, she married Rev. James Billings, another Universalist minister and publisher. They settled in Hico, Texas, where she was licensed in 1886 and ordained as a Universalist minister on October 3, 1892. She was widowed again in 1898.

Mary Billings died March 2, 1904, in Hico, and is buried at Hico Cemetery.

As Mrs. M. C. Granniss

 * Emma Clermont; or, Life's changes. A tale., 1850
 * Order of exercises at the dedication of the new Universalist Church, Hartford, Conn., November 1, 1860. , 1860

As Mary C. Webster

 * The Wonderful Christmas Tree!: A Story in Rhyme

title: Mary C. Billings


text:
Guitar/Hammer-ons, Pull-offs, and Trills

Hammer-ons and pull-offs are two closely related techniques. They are used to play legato, that is, in a smooth manner, and are also used to help the guitarist to play faster. They are most commonly used in electric guitar work, but can be used in acoustic tunes as embellishments.

The hammer-on
Hammer-ons can be done anywhere on the fretboard, but for the beginner it is easiest using an open string. To quickly learn, strike an open E on the first string. While the note is still ringing, quickly and firmly press a finger on the third fret. If done properly, a G note should be sounding.

Quickly pressing your finger down and raising the note without hitting the string again is called "hammering on". Without electric amplification, the hammer-on tends to be quieter than regularly struck notes, especially if you haven't practiced it! Because the strings are closer to the fretboard, hammer-ons are easier to execute on an electric guitar. However, this doesn't make them less common on an acoustic guitar, where they are used frequently to embellish open chords

The hammer-on can just as easily be played with fretted notes: just play the note normally and hammer onto another (higher-numbered) fret on the same string. If you practice hammer-ons, eventually you will be able to move each finger smoothly and independently.

The pull-off
The pull-off is the opposite of the hammer-on. Again, using the E string, hold it at the third fret. Strike the string and while the note is still ringing, release the fretting finger. If done properly, the G should be followed by an open E. If the note doesn't ring out properly, try hitting the G harder and releasing faster.

Like the hammer-on, the second note tends to be less loud than the first. To help alleviate this, a slight sideways motion of the fretting finger while pulling off will add extra vibration to the string, and give you some extra volume. Often it is hard for a beginner to accomplish, and the sideways movement helps greatly.

A pull-off looks like this: D|---7p5--5p4--4p2--2p0--|

The trill
A trill is two alternating notes, such as an A and A#. Only the first note is struck; the rest are rapidly hammered-on and pulled off

de:Gitarre: Folkdiplom - Hammer-On Chitarra/Hammer on e Pull off


text:
Aizu Nishi Kaidō

The Aizu Nishi Kaidō (会津西街道) was a 130 km pre-modern highway constructed in Edo period Japan. It was built to connect Imaichi, Shimotsuke Province (in modern-day Tochigi Prefecture) with Aizuwakamatsu Castle in modern-day Fukushima Prefecture. It is roughly traced by Japan National Route 121 and Fukushima Prefectural Route 131.

History and background
With the establishment of Aizu Domain, the daimyō Hoshina Masayuki (1611-1673) called for the construction of a road to connect his castle with the Ōshū Kaidō, which was the main route north-south from the Tokugawa shogunate's capital of Edo. Part of the reason for this road was economic, as the Aizu area was geographically isolated by mountains. It was also political, as the daimyō of Aizu were required to travel back-and-forth to Edo on alternative years with a large retinue under the sankin-kōtai system and needed a well-maintained road with suitable post stations for rest and resupply along the route. The road Hoshina Masayuki created was marked with ichirizuka distance markers to facilitate travel. The road was named the Shimotsuke Kaidō (下野街道) or sometimes the Minamiyama dōri (南山通り). In addition to Aizu Domain, the route also proved popular with the sankin-kōtai retinues of Shibata Domain, Murakami Domain, Shōnai Domain and Yonezawa Domain.

The route was closed from 1683 to 1723, when a landslide blocked the Kinugawa River creating a natural dam. When the dam burst in 1723 during torrential rains, 1200 people were killed by the flood in downstream of Utsunomiya. The road was used by the forces of the Satchō Alliance en route to destroy Aizu Domain during the Battle of Aizu in the Boshin War.

In 2002, a well-preserved ten kilometer section of the route centered on Ōuchi-juku between Aizumisato and Shimogō, including Hidama Pass and Ōuchi Pass was designated a National Historic Site of Japan.

Stations of the Aizu Nishi Kaidō
The 16 post stations of the Aizu Nishi Kaidō, with their present-day municipalities listed beside them.

Tochigi Prefecture

 * Starting location: Imaichi-shuku (今市宿) (Nikkō) (also part of the Nikkō Kaidō)
 * 1. Ōkuwa-shuku (大桑宿) (Nikkō)
 * 2. Takatoku-shuku (高徳宿) (Nikkō)
 * 3. Ōhara-shuku (大原宿) (Nikkō)
 * 4. Fujihara-shuku (藤原宿) (Nikkō)
 * 5. Takaharashinden-shuku (高原新田宿) (Nikkō)
 * 6. Gōjūri-shuku (五十里宿) (Nikkō)
 * 7. Miyori-shuku (三依宿) (Nikkō)
 * 8. Yokokawa-shuku (横川宿) (Nikkō)

Fukushima Prefecture

 * 9. Itozawa-juku (糸沢宿) (Minamiaizu)
 * 10. Kawashima-juku (川島宿) (Minamiaizu)
 * 11. Tajima-juku (田島宿) (Minamiaizu)
 * 12. Narahara-juku (楢原宿) (Shimogō)
 * 13. Kuratani-juku (倉谷宿) (Shimogō)
 * 14. Ōuchi-juku (大内宿) (Shimogō)
 * 15. Sekiyama-juku (関山宿) (Aizumisato)
 * 16. Fukunaga-juku (福永宿) (Aizumisato)
 * Ending Location: Aizuwakamatsu Castle (若松城) (Aizuwakamatsu)

title: Aizu Nishi Kaidō


text:
Shore Acres (1920 film)

Shore Acres is a 1920 American drama film directed by Rex Ingram that was based on the stage play of the same name by James A. Herne. It was adapted from the play by Arthur J. Zellner.

The silent film was released on May 16, 1920, and runs for 60 minutes, over 6 reels. It is unknown if any copies of the film survive. Thus the film may be lost.

Plot
A period newspaper gives the following description: "Shore Acres is a story of plain New England folk on the rock ribbed coast of Maine. Martin Berry, a stern old lighthouse keeper, forbids his spirited daughter Helen to speak to the man she loves! It is Martin's fondest hope that Helen will marry Josiah Blake, the village banker. Helen refuses to obey her father, and elopes with her sweetheart on the "Liddy Ann," a vessel bound down the coast. Her father learns of her departure, and insane with rage, he prevents his brother, Nathaniel, from lighting the beacon that will guide the vessel safely out through the rocks of the harbor. Desperately the two men battle together in the lighthouse—one to save the vessel, the other to destroy her. A sou'easter is raging, and during their struggle the "Liddy Ann" goes on the rocks and the passengers are left to the mercy of the storm. The scene fairly makes the nerves tingle with excitement. What befalls thereafter is thrillingly unfolded in this picturization of the greatest American play of the century. Shore Acres is a big human drama of thrills and heart throbs, replete with delicious humor and tender pathos."

Cast

 * Alice Lake as Helen Berry
 * Robert D. Walker as Sam Warren
 * Edward Connelly as Uncle Nat Berry
 * Frank Brownlee as Martin Berry
 * Joseph Kilgour as Josiah Blake
 * Margaret McWade as Ann Berry, Martin's Wife
 * Nancy Caswell as Milly Berry
 * Franklyn Garland as Captain Ben
 * Burwell Hamrick as Young Nat Berry
 * Richard Headrick as Richard Berry
 * Carol Jackson as Carol Berry
 * John P. Morse as Tom
 * Mary Beaton (undetermined role)

Production
Director Rex Ingram and Alice Terry first met during the making of the film in 1920. They would eventually marry over a weekend during filming of The Prisoner of Zenda in 1922.

Shore Acres was filmed near Laguna, California.

title: Shore Acres (1920 film)


text:
Kinematics/Linear Motion

Problems

 * 1. A man fires a rock out of a slingshot directly upward. The rock has an initial velocity of 15 m/s. How long will it take for the rock to return to the level he fired it at?

 * 5 It takes a man ten seconds to ride down an escalator. It takes the same man 15 seconds to walk back up the escalator against its motion. How long will it take the man to walk down the escalator at the same rate he was walking before?

Prerequisite: Calculus
 * 24. Starting with the definitions of velocity and acceleration derive the kinematics equation for constant acceleration x = x0 + v0t + (1/2) at^2.

 * 25. A cockroach starts 1 cm away from a wall. It starts running in a line directly away from the wall with a velocity of 1 cm/s, acceleration of 1 cm/s^2, jerk (d^3 x/dt^3) of 1 cm/s^3, d^4 x/dt^4 of 1 cm/s^4, and so on. How far is the cockroach from the wall after one second?

Solutions
1. 3 s. Use the kinematics equation y = y0 + v0t + 1/2 at^2. Let the rock's initial height y be 0. Plugging the values into the equation yields 0 = 15t - (1/2) 10t^2. Factoring and solving for t yields solutions of 0 s and 3 s. Hence it takes the rock 3 s to return to its original height.

24. The quickest solution is to write the Taylor series for x, this yields the solution immediately. Another route to the solution is to solve the differential equation by separating the variables.

25. e cm. The Taylor series for positions is x = x0 + v0 t + (1/2!) a0 t^2 + (1/3!) j0 t^3 + ... . Since x0, v0, a0, ... are all equal to one and t, t^2, t^3, ... are all equal to one, you have the following series: x = 1 + 1 + 1/2 + 1/6 + ... . This is a series that sums to e, thus the cockroach travels e cm after one second.

title: Kinematics/Linear Motion


text:
Talk:Emeka Umeh

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:07, 15 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Akeem Balogun of Gombe United fc challenges Emeka Umeh of Plateau United fc-15596-350-300-100-c.jpg

title: Talk:Emeka Umeh


text:
File:ArtRageFree2o11.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to draw thumbnail storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:ArtRageFree2o11.jpg


text:
Ross Hall

Ross Hall was a historic colonial farmhouse located on River Road in Piscataway, New Jersey. It was built c. 1739 by Edward Antill and is also known as the Edward Antill House. In 1768, it was purchased by its namesake, Dr. Alexander Ross.

In early July 1778, it was the headquarters for General George Washington when he ordered a feu de joie for the second anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

History
In 1688, Edward Antill, Esq. acquired several hundred acres near Raritan Landing. His son, Edward Antill (1701–1770), inherited the 370-acre property and built a house here for his family. On June 10, 1739, he married Anne Morris, daughter of Lewis Morris, Royal Governor of New Jersey. Their first child, Sarah, was born here on August 18, 1740. From these events, the house is dated as either late 1739 or early 1740. The other daughter of Morris married Anthony White, who built the nearby Buccleuch Mansion, across the Raritan River, c. 1739.

Antill extensively farmed his property. He had a large apple orchard of 500 trees. The apples were then used for making cider at his distillery.

The property was sold in 1768 to Dr. Alexander Ross (1723–1775), after whom the house is now known. On February 11, 1775, he married Sarah Farmar. He died shortly after their marriage on November 30, 1775. She later married his assistant, Dr. Charles A. Howard, on August 5, 1778.

The house was next purchased by Miles Smith in 1792. In 1880, George W. Metlar bought the property. He also owned the nearby Ivy Hall, now known as the Cornelius Low House. After 1897, Ross Hall was used as the clubhouse for the New Brunswick Golf Club until 1925.

Metlar sold Ross Hall in the 1920s. Rutgers University owned it in the 1950s. It was damaged by fire in 1954 and destroyed in 1957.

Architecture
Ross Hall was a two-story brick house with a stone foundation and a gambrel roof. It was a blend of Georgian and Dutch colonial farmhouse styles.

Washington headquarters
The Battle of Monmouth was fought on June 28, 1778 in extreme heat, with many deaths due to heat stroke. After the battle, General George Washington and the Continental Army marched north to the Raritan River by New Brunswick for cool, fresh water. The army camped on both sides of the river. Washington made his headquarters at Ross Hall, the home of the widow Ross.

Independence Day parade
From his headquarters, Washington ordered a celebration with a feu de joie for the second anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence: "Tomorrow, the Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence will be celebrated by the firing thirteen Pieces of Cannon and a feu de joie of the whole line; the Army will be formed on the Brunswick side of the Rariton at five o'Clock in the afternoon on the ground pointed out by the Quarter Master General. The Soldiers are to adorn their Hats with Green-Boughs and to make the best appearance possible. The disposition will be given in the orders of tomorrow. Double allowance of rum will be served out."

- George Washington, July 3, 1778

The next day, Washington issued more detailed orders for the celebration: "After the Army is formed, upon a signal by order of the Commander in Chief, thirteen Pieces of Cannon will be discharged, after which a single Cannon which will be a signal for a tuning fire to begin on the right of the Army and be continued to the left with Musquetry and Cannon. At the Conclusion of which, on a signal, three Cheers will be given, "Perpetual and undisturbed Independence to the United States of America.""

- George Washington, July 4, 1778

A gentleman at camp reported on this celebration: "My situation being high and at a convenient distance in front, afforded me a complete view of the whole, and presented by far the grandest sight I ever beheld. The running fire of musketry is grand of itself, but the cannon throwing out their columns of smoke, and adding their sounds at proper distances, made it magnificent beyond description."

Legacy

Ross Hall Boulevard in Piscataway is named after the property.

An interior, parlor wall of Ross Hall has been preserved and will be displayed in an educational wing at the nearby Metlar-Bodine House Museum.

On July 4, 1976, a memorial stone was dedicated at the intersection of River Road and Sutphen Road to mark the first Independence Day parade in 1778.

title: Ross Hall


text:
Talk:Denis Pagan

Pagan's Paddock
The article above contains nothing that cannot be better included in this article. I intend to rediect the above article if there is no objections. -- Mattinbgn\talk 22:48, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 13:12, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Denis Pagan. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140602200855/http://www.theweeklyreviewmooneevalley.com.au/story/1782802/denis-pagan-has-no-plans-for-the-paddock/?cs=9 to http://www.theweeklyreviewmooneevalley.com.au/story/1782802/denis-pagan-has-no-plans-for-the-paddock/?cs=9
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070918203733/http://carltonfc.com.au/Season2007/News/NewsArticle/tabid/4311/Default.aspx?newsId=47812 to http://www.carltonfc.com.au/Season2007/News/NewsArticle/tabid/4311/Default.aspx?newsId=47812

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:43, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Denis Pagan


text:
Topic talk:Comparative politics

I would like to suggest that we break down the subjects individually, federalism contra unitary governance, republics contra constitutional monarchies, Presidential contra parliamentary democracy, rather than mixing them. I believe that this might lead to confusion of the topics. And then, of course, delving into democracy contra authoritarianism and authoritarian democracy. J.Manchester - 19/12/06, 23:14

Templates
You may want to use Template:Division boilerplate to create an initial structure for Topic:Comparative Politics. Just add to the page, and save the page. An alternative would be to use Template:Department boilerplate, but I suspect Comparative Politics is a large enough subject that it can have multiple departments within it. See Naming conventions for more details about organizing pages and the development of learning resources at Wikiversity. --JWSchmidt 00:35, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

Suggest split of first talking point
In your introduction, you say that your first focus will be "Parliamentary versus the Federal Republic". However, it seems to me that you are trying to make two very different comparisons at once. I suggest this be split into two analysis: "Parliamentary versus Republic" and "Unitary versus Federal". --Arctic.gnome 03:11, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

Here is an example of two axes in which we could divide the first level of analysis. I know that this list is completely Anglo-centric, but that's what I know, so feel free to add other states to it. --Arctic Gnome 16:53, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Topic talk:Comparative politics


text:
Category:Films about obesity

Films about obesity, a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it may have a negative effect on health.

title: Category:Films about obesity


text:
User:Undergradmom76/be bold

There is a whole lot of information on Early Childhood Education missing from Wikipedia! Hope I can help work this situation out.

title: User:Undergradmom76/be bold


text:
USA-175

USA-175, also known as GPS IIR-10 and GPS SVN-47, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the tenth Block IIR GPS satellite to be launched, out of thirteen in the original configuration, and twenty one overall. It was built by Lockheed Martin, using the AS-4000 satellite bus.

USA-175 was launched at 08:05:00 UTC on 21 December 2003, atop a Delta II carrier rocket, flight number D302, flying in the 7925-9.5 configuration. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 17A at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and placed USA-175 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-48 apogee motor.

By 22 February 2004, USA-175 was in an orbit with a perigee of 20043 km, an apogee of 20319 km, a period of 717.92 minutes, and 55.1 degrees of inclination to the equator. It is used to broadcast the PRN 22 signal, and operates in slot 2 of plane E of the GPS constellation. The satellite has a mass of 2032 kg, and a design life of 10 years. It was decommissioned in January 2022, per the USCG Nanu 2022001.

title: USA-175


text:
Talk:Open Book Publishers

About the editor "Mutian Hou": I am a student from Trinity College of Cambridge and found the works that OBP does is worth noting hence volunteered to create this article.

Why does "unglue.it" links to here?
Why does unglue.it links to "Open Book Publishers"? I see the model is very similar, but both organisations seem to be completely separate. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:46, 7 January 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Open Book Publishers


text:
Madame Tussauds Delhi

Madame Tussauds India is a wax museum and tourist attraction It is the twenty-second location for the Tussauds, which was set up by French sculptor Marie Tussaud. Madame Tussauds is owned and operated by Merlin Entertainments. Now it has been shifted to Noida in July 2022.

On May 5, 2022 the attraction announced on its social media page that it will be opening soon at DLF Mall of India, Noida as Madame Tussauds India.

title: Madame Tussauds Delhi


text:
City Park, Zemun

City Park or Zemun Park (Градски парк у Земуну / Земунски парк) is a park in Zemun, a neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. Located on the rim of the Old Core of Zemun, it is considered today as one of the symbols of Zemun and one of the most beautiful parks in Belgrade.

Location
The park is located in the Zemun's neighborhood of Donji Grad. It has an irregular shape and is bounded by the streets Nemanjina on the west, Nikolaja Ostrovskog and ''22. Oktobra on the south, Vrtlatska while on the north the border is marked by the Savska'' street and the complex of the Clinical Hospital "Zemun". With the smaller, surrounding green and wooded areas between the buildings and along the streets, it forms a green belt, stretching from Zemunski Kej on the east, across Tošin Bunar on the west.

Kontumac
On the location of modern park, from 1730 to 1871 there was Kontumac, or the quarantine hospital. As Zemun was Austro-Hungarian border town to Serbia, which was administered by the Ottoman Empire to 1815 (de facto; de jure to 1878), the quarantine was built for both the passengers and the goods coming from across the Sava river. List of notables held at Kontumac at various times includes rebellion leader Karađorđe, linguist Vuk Karadžić, writer Joakim Vujić, French poet Alphonse de Lamartine and Danish author Hans Christian Andersen.

Kontumac was built in 1730 in the southwest corner of the town. Originally, it was subordinated to another Kontumac, in Banovci, Two quarantines were connected with the deeply dug trench, large enough to be travelled by freight and passenger carts. In 1746, empress Maria Theresa ordered expansion of Zemun's Kontumac, which began to develop in the pattern of Roman-style limes, as a system of the hard-built lookouts and cabins. A system of buildings was built inside, water well, stables, etc. The quarantine complex was fortified with the pillars and planks. In 1776, the deep ditch was dug around it. As part of the preparations for the upcoming war with the Ottomans, the complex was further fortified with the high wall, with loopholes and gates, leaving only four entrances into the cantonment. Part of the wall survived at the corner of the Vrtlarska and Gundulićeva streets.

From 1787, Kontumac in Zemun took the primacy from the one in Banovci, which was bit off the main road. All passengers, goods and postal shipments coming from the Ottoman Empire were first checked in the so-called Outer Kontumac. They were checked by the physicians, but without physical touch. Main focus were plague, cholera and smallpox. Those who had symptoms were placed in the isolation in the barrack close to the Danube, which lasted up to 52 days, which was in 1780 reduced to 21. If they had milder symptoms, the patients were placed in the lazaretto, which was located where the modern Zemun Hospital is. Healthy passengers were kept in the quarantine, too, but the length of their containment depended on how close the outbreak of the disease was to the compound. Those who died in Kontumac were buried at the "plague cemetery" in Kalvarija.

An inn was on the location of present Zemun Gymnasium. It had three rooms, kitchen, taproom, grocery store, lard storage, wine cellar with the capacity of 16 tons, bakery and barn for 12 cattle. Surviving contract from 1818 shows that the innkeeper was allowed to serve food and drink both the citizens of Zemun and residents of Kontumac (Kontumaši). The Kontumaši had to pay for food and firewood for themselves. At the location of the modern children's playground, there was parlatoria, built as the log cabin without roof. It was used for talks with the quarantined people during the visitations. A supervisor, called latov was overseeing every conversation, minding the proper distance between the visitors and the quarantined. Latov also had the task of collecting money used by the quarantined to pay for the services. They didn't pay to the innkeeper directly, instead the money was thrown in the vinegar-filled vessel, and latov collected it with slotted spoon. At twilight, the Kontumac guardsmen would close from the outside both the inn and the four gates of the entire complex.

Merchandise and post shipments were originally kept in the special storage, before especially picked personnel would check it. Coffee, rice and other grainy goods were unpacked and placed outdoors, under the canopy for three weeks of aeration. Textile wrapping bags were immersed in the water and if they couldn't be cleaned, they were burned. Wool, fur, raw silk, yarn, fabric, leather, etc., were kept up to six weeks as the "diseases easily caught on it". The most dangerous was the examination of the cotton. Especially selected workers were immersing naked arms into the cotton as soon as it would arrive, mingling it. They were then kept in the quarantine to see if the disease will develop. Though rare, deaths of the cotton examiners were recorded. Gold and hard objects were rinsed in salt water and soap foam. Letters were cleaned with vinegar at first, but this proved as the bad solution. Instead, the letters were later opened and held above the vinegar vapor which allowed Austrian state to spy on every correspondence claiming quarantine laws.

However, being a border town Zemun also became an important trading post. Hence, the area of Kontumac was also a duty free zone between Austria and Turkey, and later Serbia. The zone contained rows of warehouses where goods were stored and sanitized prior to taxation. Apart from lazaretto, it also contained quarters for the people during their stay in the zone. Having large number of people at one place, hospitality and catering services developed around the zone, and numerous kafanas were opened, with colorful names: Kod Zlatnog Krsta ("At Golden Cross"), Kod Zlatnog Točka ("At Golden Wheel"), Kod Cara ("At the Emperor"), Kod Zlatnog Slona ("At Golden Elephant"), Kod Zlatnog Sunca ("At Golden Sun"), etc.

Park

Partial shutting down of the Kontumac complex began on 1 May 1869. Zemun was granted a free royal city status in 1871 and the Kontumac was officially closed, though successive closing of the quarantine continued until 1883. Majority of the objects within the former complex were demolished in the 1870s and the 1880s. Apart from two surviving churches, two longest surviving buildings later hosted the district administration and gendarmerie. They were demolished in 1953.

In 1875 the lot became a municipal property and the decision to turn it into the promenade and the park was made. The park was an idea of Ivan Perković, who also conducted the works on adapting the terrain into the park. The construction began in 1880 when the green area around the Great Realschule (modern Zemun Gymnasium) was formed. Original park was formed in the next 6 years and was officially open in 1886. For a while, it was named Elizabet-Park, after the Elisabeth, Empress consort of Austria, while it got its present name after the World War I. However, the forming of the park into its present size and layout lasted for decades and was finally completed in 1931. The seedlings were supplied by the well known Viscount's Nursery Garden from the town of Ilok.

The park was scheduled for reconstruction in 2008 but it was postponed. A thorough reconstruction began in October 2017. The reconstructed area occupies 2.38 ha and covered the reconstruction of all pathways, fences and stairways replacement of the benches, decorative lights on additional monuments and construction of another children's playground which will be separated from the rest of the park with the newly formed wall of hedge. The reconstruction was finished on 4 May 2018.

Characteristics
The park covers an area of 7.72 ha. It is populated by the both deciduous and conifer trees. 15 individual trees are protected by the law. In total, there are 1,300 individual trees in the park. In April 2022, it was announced that plans are to declare the entire park a natural monument by the end of 2022.

In 1932, the building of the Faculty of Agronomy was constructed in the southern section of the park. A meteorological equipment was also located in the park. The meteorological weather station column was placed in October 1848, predating the park. Apart from being "an ornament of the park" later, it was useful for the townspeople as he after the meteorology progressed, gave the basic weather info on daily basis: temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, soil temperature and the Danube's water level. It was damaged in the 1944 allied bombing and was dismantled after October 1944.

There are numerous sculptures and monuments in the park. Among them, in 1933 a monument to Lamartine was erected on the location between the two churches in the park. It commemorated Lamartine's stay in the Kontumac in 1833, during his travels to the East which he published in 1835 as the "Voyage en Orient". In 1946, two Partisan monuments were erected, commemorating the fightings with the German occupational forces during the World War II: the "Bombard" (by Vanja Radauš) and the "Hostage" (by Boris Kalin). In front of the Orthodox church, there is a monument known as khachkar a gift from the people of Armenia to the people of Yugoslavia after the help from the Yugoslav pilots during the aftermath of the disastrous 1988 Armenian earthquake, which struck on 7 December 1988. The monument, in the form of a traditional Armenian memorial stele with carved crosses, was sculptured by Ruben Nalbandian. It is one of only two khachkars in Serbia. In 2004, a bust of poet Branko Radičević was dedicated.

Remains of the Roman sarcophagus are exhibited between the gymnasium and the military barrack. Archaeologist Josip Brunschmidt was the first to describe it, in 1895, when it was already exhibited in the park. It is 2.18 m long, 1.4 m wide and 73 cm tall. It was originally discovered in the foothills of the Gardoš hill. At the time, the pieces of the lid were located in the Magistrates building. The sarcophagus is made of green sandstone, without any ornaments, while the lid is made of white stone, similar to that from Tašmajdan quarry in Belgrade. Rim of the lid is ornamented with sculptured human heads on the each corner and on the mid-lengths of the longer sides. It was fully restored in December 2020.

There are three drinking fountains in the park and several protected individual trees of European yew and four groups of Caucasian walnuts. There is also one preserved Artesian well.

Buildings

Apart from Clinical Hospital "Zemun" and the Faculty of Agronomy, there are other important Zemun's buildings surrounding the park or within its borders: "Svetozar Miletić" and "Majka Jugovića" elementary schools, "Kosta Manojlović" music school, Zemun Gymnasium, Pinki Hall, Franciscan monastery of Saint John the Baptist and monastery of Sisters of Mercy. Within the park, there rare two churches, an Orthodox monastery of the Saint Archangels Michael and Gabriel and Roman Catholic chapel of the Saint Roch. Both churches were built in the temperate Baroque style for the people who were spending time in the Kontumac and were protected as the cultural monuments in 1966.

Pinki Hall was built in 1974, on the location of the former National Hall of King Alexander. Construction of an underground garage with 150 parking spaces at Pinki Hall began in August 2022. It is being built after the mid-1970s plan for the park area. The plan had to be revised, and the planned garage was reduced by half, and to only one underground level. Deeper digging proved unfeasible because of the high level of underground waters due to the proximity of the Danube. In June 2023 the deadline for the works was set for the early 2024.

Church of the Saint Archangels Michael and Gabriel
The church was built in 1786, on the location of an older, small church. It was built by Teodor Toša Apostolović (1745–1810), with his personal funds. Apostolović was a Serbian merchant and philanthropist who donated the land between Bežanija and Zemun to the Serbian church municipality of Zemun, of which he was a president when the church was built. The area and the subsequent neighborhood and the main street in it ar today called Tošin Bunar ("Toša's Well") after him. After the Kontumac was disbanded, the church lost its importance.

After a large number of Russian White émigrés settled in Yugoslavia in the 1920s, especially in Belgrade and Zemun, the church was revitalized and until 1945 served as a Russian church. Within the new Communist regime after 1945, the church was largely neglected and unkempt. By 1981, the hieromonk Filaret Mićović took over the management and restored the church. However, in the process the original frescoes were completely destroyed while the church even served as a weaponry storage. Mićović obtained the permit to demolish the church completely and build a new temple covering 3,000 m2 instead. When Patriarch Pavle was elected as the new head of the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1991, he annulled the permit, preserving the old church.

Church of the Saint Roch
The church was built in 1836 and, just like its Orthodox counterpart in the park, it was built on the foundation of an older chapel. It was designed by Joseph Felber, who also projected the Zemun's town hall, Magistrate in Zemun and another, Orthodox church of the Holy Trinity. After the Kontumac was turned into the park, and especially after the World War II, the church lost its importance. Today it is operational only occasionally.

title: City Park, Zemun


text:
Top-rated United States television programs of 1996–97

This table displays the top-rated primetime television series of the 1996–97 season as measured by Nielsen Media Research.


text:
1956 Cook Islands general election

General elections were held in the Cook Islands in March 1956. The elections took the form of an election to Rarotonga Island Council, whose sole European member also automatically became the only elected member of the Legislative Council. Incumbent member Henley McKegg was narrowly re-elected, defeating R.J.A. Ingram by three votes.

Electoral system
The Cook Islands Legislative Council consisted of ten members elected by island councils (four from Rarotonga and six from smaller islands), ten civil servants appointed by the Governor-General of New Zealand (the Chief Medical Officer, the Director of Agriculture, the Education Officer, six Resident Agents and the Treasurer) and the Resident Commissioner, who was president of the council. The sole European member of Rarotonga Island Council automatically became the island's representative in the Legislative Council, and was the only member of the Legislative Council to be directly elected.

Elections to Rarotonga Island Council were held every three years, with the six Cook Islander members elected from single-member constituencies based on the land survey districts, and the European member from the entire island.

Cook Islander members
In the Cook Islander seats, voter turnout was higher than any previous election. The Cook Islands Progressive Association won three of the six seats, with another party member finishing joint first in a tied seat.

title: 1956 Cook Islands general election


text:
geus

Etymology 1
From, from. .

Noun

 * 1)  A supporter of the insurrectionist faction in the Spanish Netherlands, who became the enemies of the, formalised in 1566
 * 2)  Any one of the Protestants in the Low Countries, in particular of a Reformed tradition, especially as opposed to Catholics.

Adjective

 * 1) belonging or related to the faction of the geuzen
 * 2)  Protestant

Etymology 2
Shortened form of, named after the rue des Gueux in Brussels where it was first brewed.

Etymology 3
Shortened form of.

Noun

 * 1)  a small type of flag, flown at a ship's bowsprit; originally a geuzenvlag

title: geus


text:
Russian Revolution/Syllabus

Introduction
Hello, my name is Gabriel Spiro. I am a student at Montgomery College in Germantown, Maryland.

Course Information
Welcome to RU 1050 Russian Revolution! This course's homepage is Russian Revolution and its supplemental material pages are located on the home page (Material). Most of our activities will be confined to the Wikiversity and Wikipedia, but other sites that are reputable might be added at a later point.

Instructor Information
Currently there is only one teacher but others may be added. Gabriel J. Spiro is a student at Montgomery College at the Germantown Campus. He is a History and Political Science major and has grown in his love of Russian History and specifically Russian Revolutions. If you need to e-mail me please don’t hesitate to do so<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Text and Supplementary Readings
All the material necessary for the class will be found somewhere on the Internet and predominately from Wiki sources.

Textbook
The textbook for this course will be found here and any other extra sites that are necessary for the completion of this class will be denoted on that week’s page under the Home Work section.

Supplementary reading(s)
It might be helpful to look at the related Wikipedia pages located here.

Course Descriptions/Objectives
It is my desire that you the students will learn about the Russian Revolution and how each succeeding revolution built up to a calumniating event which many historians said was a mistake. Why did the backward nation of Russia at the beginning of the century become such a powerful superpower at the middle of that century and then dissolve into a minor power by the end of the century. It is our goal that you will be able to correctly and specifically outline the causes and reasons for the October Revolution and then be able to move into other higher level Russian classes at a traditional college and have a good foundation to build up.

Course Calendar/Schedule
The calendar of this class starts on – and will end on -. The course lectures have been prepared in a weekly format. To help those of you who are really busy, I have added two weeks to the number of weeks necessary to complete the material so that you the student have a little bit a cushion of time if you start to fall behind. The final will be a research paper that you will write. Because it is impossible to have a real ‘final’, the research paper will done in place of it. Therefore, you have – weeks to complete – weeks worth of material. Homework has no real deadline but it must be completed when you turn in the final. Topics for the final must be submitted a week before the end of the class.

Course Policies
Here are the policies for the course.

Attendance, lateness
There is no attendance necessary at any one point but lateness will be an issue when it comes to the final and homework. You have to turn everything to myself<EMAIL_ADDRESS>no later than one week after the class ends.

Class participation
All registered members of the class must post their answers to the questions for each week on the talk page for each week’s home work page. Unregistered users’ comments will be removed and the grading for the talk about the answers will result in 10% of your grade.

Missed exams or assignments
If your homework, essays, and final are not received one week after the end of the class, that assignment will be marked as a 0.

Academic dishonesty
You must reference your sources and any form of plagiarism will result in immediate expulsion from the class.

Grading
Grading for this class will follow this spreadsheet.

title: Russian Revolution/Syllabus


text:
Daniel Cojocaru

Daniel Cojocaru (born 27 May 1969) is a retired Romanian athlete who specialised in the sprinting events. He represented his country at the 1992 Summer Olympics, as well as three consecutive World Championships starting in 1991. His best individual result was the fifth place at the 1994 European Championships.

His 100 metres personal best of 10.21 is the current national record.

Personal bests
Outdoor Indoor
 * 100 metres – 10.21 (+0.2 m/s) (Bucharest 1994) NR
 * 200 metres – 20.75 (-0.4 m/s) (Bucharest 1994)
 * 400 metres – 46.91 (Alexandroupoli 1988)
 * 60 metres – 6.63 (Bucharest 1998)
 * 100 metres – 10.53 (Jablonec nad Nisou 1995)
 * 200 metres – 21.09 (Piraeus 1995)

title: Daniel Cojocaru


text:
Joaquin Szuchman

Joaquin Szuchman (חואקין שוכמן; born January 29, 1995) is an Israeli-Argentine professional basketball player for Hapoel Be'er Sheva of the Israeli Basketball Premier League. Szuchman, a 1.91 m tall shooting guard, is primarily known for his defensive skills. He was the 2018 Israeli Basketball Premier League Defensive Player of the Year.

Early life
Szuchman is Jewish, and was born in Concordia, Argentina. Szuchman lived his first 7 years in Argentina before growing up in Nahariya and later in Moshav Barak, Israel. He played for Hapoel Gilboa Galil youth team and Emek Charod high-school team.

Professional career
In 2012, Szuchman started his professional career with Hapoel Gilboa Galil. On April 11, 2013, Szuchman made his professional debut in a match against Elitzur Ashkelon.

On August 27, 2015, Szuchman was named Gilboa Galil's team captain. Szuchman, alongside his teammates Demetrius Treadwell and Jason Siggers, helped Gilboa Galil to promote to the Israeli Premier League after they defeated Ironi Kiryat Ata in the National League Finals in five games.

On July 12, 2017, Szuchman signed a three-year contract extension with Gilboa Galil. On December 28, 2017, Szuchman was named Israeli Player of the Month for games played in December. On April 1, 2018, Szuchman recorded 17 points along with 5 assists and 5 steals in a 90–76 win over Maccabi Rishon LeZion. He was subsequently named Israeli League Round 22 MVP. On May 10, 2018, Szuchman recorded a career-high 22 points, shooting 9-of-16 from the field, along with 7 assists, 3 rebounds and 3 steals in a 78–86 loss to Bnei Herzliya.

Szuchman helped Gilboa Galil reach the 2018 Israeli League Playoffs, where they eventually lost to Hapoel Jerusalem. In June 2018, Szuchman was named the Israeli League Best Defender, and earned a spot in the All-Israeli League Second Team.

On June 25, 2019, Szuchman signed a two-year deal with Hapoel Tel Aviv, joining his former head coach Ariel Beit-Halahmy.

In summer 2022, he signed with Hapoel Be'er Sheva of the Israeli Basketball Premier League.

Israeli national team
Szuchman is a member of the Israeli national basketball team. On November 24, 2017, He made his first appearance for the senior team at the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification match against Estonia.

Szuchman was also a member of the Israeli U-18 and U-20 national teams, he also participated at the 2017 Summer Universiade.

title: Joaquin Szuchman


text:
Talk:Dee Dowis

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Dee Dowis. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131004230059/http://www.heisman.com/winners/a-ware89.php to http://www.heisman.com/winners/a-ware89.php

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:56, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Dee Dowis. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20130201115008/http://blogs.rockymountainnews.com/denver/samadams/archives/2005/10/dee_dowis.html to http://blogs.rockymountainnews.com/denver/samadams/archives/2005/10/dee_dowis.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:10, 26 November 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Dee Dowis. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060104103715/http://www.ncaa.org/news/1987/19871207.pdf to https://www.ncaa.org/news/1987/19871207.pdf

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:50, 13 January 2018 (UTC)

Dee Dowis died as a drunk driver - Article sanitization alert
Review of the change history shows that there has been a persistent effort, since 2016, to remove key info surrounding the facts of his death. Removing irrelevant and extraneous info is a productive service working toward improving article quality. Likewise for removing inaccurate or otherwise faulty info. However, deleting critical facts because certain people or certain organizations find them to be too unpleasant or too embarrassing constitutes sanitization. A cover-up.

That is the antithesis of what Wikipedia is for.

Whoever has been doing this, here is an alternate way you can look at the situation: His death and the way he died can serve to educate people to help them to make smarter decisions about things like wearing seatbelts and use of alcohol. Take Princess Diana. We will never know how many lives she saved in her death because people decided from that event that they would always wear their seatbelt. But we can be certain that if that key fact had been hidden from the public, then the total saved today would be zero.

To delete key facts is to rob people of info they use to enrich their lives. And people come to Wikipedia because, overall, it is such an excellently curated destination for solid, complete information. --Tdadamemd19 (talk) 14:02, 29 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dee Dowis