text:
Wikipedia:Help desk/Archives/2012 July 9

= July 9 =

"Former" in front of titles
Part 2: The actual article involved was slightly different, in that Bush was the recipient of a letter, not the signor of a treaty. Here's the actual example:

In Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, there was a section reading:
 * "[in 2003], the then-crown prince Abdullah wrote a letter to U.S. President George W. Bush..."

In 2012, an editor changed this to:
 * "[in 2003], the then-crown prince Abdullah wrote a letter to former U.S. President George W. Bush..."

Is this edit:
 * A) Incorrect – The presence of former is confusing, and could either mean either he is now (when?) out of office or was out of office already at the time of the letter (which would be wrong in this case).
 * B) Correct – Do we have to change all instances of titles when people get voted out of office? This seems like an awful lot of work, and might be better accomplished by selective transclusion so it can be changed in one place only. I certainly haven't seen evidence of this.
 * C) Unnecessary – Not incorrect, not necessary. We don't care about the ambiguity introduced, but don't want to run around inserting former everywhere.

I again vote "A" because he was President at the time of the letter, and that time is explicitly stated. I would vote "B" if the article were about something that occurred after his term of office. —[ Alan M 1  (talk) ]— 03:09, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't think "Former" should ever be used in front of President. If we are talking about things done as President then it should say President. If it was done before or after he was President then it should either use a title that is appropriate for the time period, Senator Kennedy, General Eisenhower, Chief Justice Taft or if they don't hold a title at the time just use the last name as we do in other biographies.  GB fan 03:23, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Why don't you use something like "the then president" instead of "the former president"? Roshan (talk) 07:18, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Just say "Crown-prince Abdullah" and "President Bush" because that is their correct titles for the time. Roger (talk) 10:29, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

Licensing question
I uploaded a photo produced in a sports-card format by USRowing. It has no copyright symbol on it and is freely distributed. Nonetheless I got the permission of the executive director of the organization to post it on the relative Wikipedia site. However I can find no place where I can enter that fact that it is posted with permission (and of course it is flagged for removal). How can I proceed to indicate permission received? Thanks DRPeterJDavies (talk) 02:53, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * You'll need to send a copy of the permission to the good folks at WP:OTRS. Dismas |(talk) 03:14, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * People usually give one of these email addresses (I forget what formatting is normally used on the help desk): permissions-commons at wikimedia.org or permissions-en at wikimedia.org.— Vchimpanzee  ·  talk  ·  contributions  · 17:41, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Template to convert 20 GBP into U.S dollars
Is there a template that converts between Pound sterling GBP and U.S. Dollars for a given date? and to convert £1 million into U.S. dollars? -- Uzma Gamal (talk) 03:42, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I can't find one; there is a comment at Template:Inflation/doc saying that the feature is "planned", but that was four years ago. -- John of Reading (talk) 06:56, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Warfaze: Recreating a deleted article
The article on Warfaze has come to my notice recently. Its been speedy deleted 4 times already on grounds of A7 (group), G11 and G12. I believe, it was all because the article was created each time by inexperienced editors who failed to establish notability or understand copyright laws. I have taken a look and found that the subject (a Bangladeshi rock band) is part of Om Gupta's Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh and The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music (including the article by G Booth on "Popular artists and their audiences" - can't access that one - which was cited by Martin Clayton in "Rock to Raga: the many lives of the Indian guitar", has quite a large number specific articles discussing the subject, its work or its members on The Daily Star, Bangladesh (check: this, this, this or the google site serach result), and other sources (check: this, this, this or the 414,000 results google hits. By policies and guidelines this looks very much a subject that can have an article, of course, written and referenced properly.

But, somehow I can't recreate it. May be its edit protected or something. How can I create the article? Aditya (talk • contribs) 04:14, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, it was salted from recreation because it had been started in these various poor forms multiple times. I've unprotected it now. Please do create it with reliable sources included, cited through inline citations. Cheers.--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 05:28, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * No issues here.  Enigma msg  20:49, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I hope I have managed to operate within the policies and guidelines. It's a stub at the moment. But, it should be thoroughly legit by now. Please check. Aditya (talk • contribs) 22:48, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Sins of Ommision
There is no mention of the fact that a number of the party's principles including Pauline Hanson were sent to jail, they were then subsequently released under somewhat unusual circumstances.

At the time there was comment regarding the activities of Mr Abbott, Mr Costello and some of Mr Costello's inlaws, the impartiality of an only too ready to oblige judiciary also got some mention.

The Australian Political system did not exactly come out of it smelling of roses. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:49, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia has around 4 million articles. If you refer to one of them then please give a link to it. PrimeHunter (talk) 08:31, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * If you think a Wikipedia article can be improved, you are welcome to have a go. Any information you add should be backed up by independent reliable sources: see WP:Referencing for beginners for how to cite your sources. It you think the changes you want to make might be controversial, or if you are not confident in editing the page yourself, you can start a discussion on the article's talk page. --ColinFine (talk) 12:21, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

One Nation (Australia) may be the article in question.--Canoe1967 (talk) 23:13, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

Undoing a Page Move
How do you undo a page move?

List of characters in Casino Royale (1967) was moved without any debate, it is a valuable list of every major, minor and uncredited actor in the film.

How can a page move be undone?

Could someone undo it for us?

Thanks,

--Tovojolo (talk) 05:07, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia articles do not need to list every minor or uncredited actor. The standard is notability.  Besides, the article already includes a section on uncredited cast. RudolfRed (talk) 05:10, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * By the way, the article was not moved, it was redirected.--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 05:25, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

It seems it was done with zero discussion, let alone consensus. You could try bringing it up on the talk page. The editor that re-directed it seems to have others mad at them so it may be a vindictive edit of some sort.--Canoe1967 (talk) 17:53, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

WP:Featured Books
What is going on with the above page?? I thought it would be some kind of guideline or process like the ones for FA. But the page has nothing of the kind. Instead, it seems to be an advertisement for a Bangladeshi website(blog?) with some content inserted in between about WP:WBOOKS. Is the page simply a hoax? Roshan (talk) 07:05, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't know. Is it supposed to exist? There's nothing in the history, so is it a problem that I was bold and marked it for speedy deletion? - Purplewowies (talk) 07:32, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * See also: Category:"FA-Class" Wikipedia books. benzband  ( talk ) 07:48, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks guys. Roshan (talk) 08:59, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Speedily deleted as housekeeping; probably deletable under other criteria too. BencherliteTalk 09:14, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Removing a tag
How do I remove the tag at the top of the page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asher_Bilu. I have been advised that there are already enough citations. Luba bilu (talk) 07:49, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Edit the page and remove the text string . Yunshui 雲‍水 08:08, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Picture upload for a new article and copyright question
Hallo, I'm new at the English Wikipedia and would like to add the article about the company I work for in the English version, too. I have put the article in my user page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Petrotest/Petrotest and would like to add the picture of Berthold Pensky. The link is already there but I can't upload anything at the moment. Is it possible to link to the picture in the German Wikipedia (http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Berthold_Pensky.jpg)? The license in the English Wikipedia should be PD-US-1923-abroad or/and PD-EU-no author disclosure. This picture was taken before 1894 - please see the original source and more information of the picture here: http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2005696308/. For the German version we looked up the photographer but didn't find anything except the old address and the name of the photographer. Is there any possibility that someone can help me with the picture? Also hints for the article are welcome. Thanks for your help. Petrotest (talk) 09:36, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I've consolidated your references for you (see Help:Footnotes); can't help with the photo issue. Good luck!. Dru of Id (talk) 11:51, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't believe it's possible to link a picture from another Wikipedia. The best plan is to move the picture from de: to WP:Commons, then all Wikipedia's will be able to access it. --ColinFine (talk) 12:24, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * The article needs more references: there are hardly any in the first half. Also, you should be aware of the guidelines in WP:COI: I don't think there's anything wrong with the article as it stands, but you do need to be careful about neutrality. --ColinFine (talk) 12:29, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your help and advice. The information especially the dates are taken from the German Commercial Registry and out of an old lawsuit. I'm not sure about how to prove those dates since the files are not available in the internet. The part of the court file that I have here at the office is a collection of different letters. One can ask for inspection of the Commercial Registry but you have to pay a fee for that. The files are in German and especially the old ones are handwritten and hard to read. I'm going to open the talk page on that article to discuss the references there. Hope that's ok with you. Petrotest (talk) 07:50, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

"link to Wikipedia" icon?
Some other popular sites, like Twitter, Facebook, and Google, publish on their websites little micro-icon banners ("like this on Facebook", "tweet this", etc.). One adds these to one's own website, with parameters set to link to the appropriate section of that website. Is there a set of Wikipedia icons (or mini-banners); in its current form the Wikipedia logo, when shrunk, would be rather muddy and indistinct. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:19, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * See Banners and buttons. Dismas |(talk) 13:23, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * File:Wiki letter w.svg might be what you're looking for.--Shantavira|feed me 13:26, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks Dismas and Shantavira; just what I was hoping for. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:56, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

AN/TWQ-1 Avenger infobox
(Solved)

Dear wikipedians, I adjusted some numbers on the AN/TWQ-1 Avenger page, section 4.1 - Dimensions. The weight was horribly off (the kg weight stated was 4300, half the '8600' pounds weight) and I changed some other numbers, too, however the old values are in the infobox, which doesn't feature an 'edit' link. Now, who do I contact about the infobox. I remember that some articles are tagged "This (foobar) article is a stub" but this one isn't (and if I judge it correctly, it is too detailed to be called a stub) but there have been tags like "An article maintained by the Military Taskforce" on other articles, too. For clarification, I am not talking about a military taskforce, but about a taskforce of volunteers who edit wikipedia articles about military topics. I'd like to notify one of them about the mismatching numbers in the infobox. ~ <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)

BTW, isn't an edit summary like the one on the Resolve disambiguation page, "rv, doesn't have an article here" rude? It's quite old an edit (Nov 10/11, 2008), but does the reverted edit, the one without summary, qualify as vandalism? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:47, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * For the first question, you can simply edit the article yourself. The edit link is at the top of the article.  Then just scroll down and make your changes.  It's best if you cite your sources though.  See Referencing for beginners for that.  For the second, if you click on the link to the talk page of the article, you'll see a banner at the top directing you to WikiProject Military History.  And finally, "rv, doesn't have an article here" isn't rude, I'd say.  It's short and to the point.  Dismas |(talk) 13:53, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Thanks for the link to the Wikiproject Military. I must have been thick yesterday, when I didn't see it on the article talk page. (: I think it's best to contact them about the infobox, so you can count this help desk entry as solved. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)

duplicate articles - different content
I'm trying to create a new article on wikipedia, but there's already one which exists with the same name but the content between the 2 are not related. How am I able to create an article with the same title? I am trying to create a new article called Steel First. KBenjamin 1985 (talk) 14:45, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * See Disambiguation. Dismas |(talk) 14:48, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Updating Pages
Professor wants to update page. No information on who created page. Should we just create a new page and delete the old one? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:54, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * What page? There is information on who created every page.  You simply have to click on the "View history" link at the top of any article.  And no, deleting the existing page is generally not the accepted way of updating.  Again, what page are you referring to?  Dismas |(talk) 15:22, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * My guess is that this is about Lawrence Biondi. And if you are, or are associated with, the professor in question, you should read Wikipedia's Conflict of interest guide before making any changes. Maproom (talk) 16:59, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

2 articles that contain incorrect information
Dear Wikipedia Team Member,

I am trying to correct 2 articles in the German version of Wikipedia. But it is almost a month now and the change is not accepted. The problem is that I know prof. Michael Schoenemann, who has found the company GFT (everybody can check this in the German Notary Service) and this information is what I would like to change.

Please advise me how to speed the process of changing the content since it is wrong, and it can be proved wrong.

The 2 articles I am talking about are bellow:

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich_Dietz http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/GFT_Technologies

thank you very much in advance Nadia Pavlova — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:56, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * This is the English Wikipedia. The German Wikipedia is an separate project from this one with its own rules.  It would be best to ask at the German Wikipedia.  Dismas |(talk) 15:24, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Help with formatting
I have just created a page called "Ryan Woods" about a footballer whom plays for Shrewsbury town

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Woods_(Footballer)

can it be edited so it looks right, where the text of his player history is listed

can he also be placed among the players of shrewsbury town fc in the squad list.

also, when i type his name in, he doesnt appear (there is a less well known player with the same name, who does appear) ... can this be rectified?!

many thanks

Salopian123 (talk) 15:01, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I fixed the Infobox, but it still needs a lot more work. Andie  ''  ▶Candy◀  15:30, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Editing Error
For some strange reason, I cannot link anything when trying to edit and also when I try to insert a reference it will not let me!! I've tried clearing my cookies and going on other web browsers on my computer but I still have the same problem. What do I need to do? Tay (uhoh)  17:24, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * We need more details like how you try (for example typing or icon clicking) and what happens when you try. Try saving some code that doesn't work here. If it cannot be saved properly then try placing  around it. PrimeHunter (talk) 21:24, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I click the icon and it closes but nothing appears on the page. Tay (uhoh)  23:50, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Does it work when you log out? Try to clear your entire cache. What is your skin? Which toolbar is the icon on? Is it one of those at refToolbar 2.0? PrimeHunter (talk) 00:33, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I cleared my cache and restored all my defaults and it worked! Thanks a lot! Teman13 (talk) 00:47, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Author did not edit in his last update, how...?
The author on link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_orthography did recently an update, though still kept in his alphabet the old Greek instead of the modern Greek. Because I do not know how to edit I come here to ask the author or someone who does know how to edit, to edit the next:

In the alphabet it is stil "beta", in modern Greek it is "vita". So if someone could change it...

Thank you. Ch. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:35, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I'm afraid I don't know what you are referring to. The article Greek orthography doesn't contain either 'beta' or 'vita' (but if it did, the English name for the letter β is 'beta'). Like most Wikipedia articles, that article has been edited by many people: you can pick the 'History' tab to get a list of the changes with who made them. --ColinFine (talk) 21:46, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Bug on posting new talk page posts or signatures
Is there a bug on Wikipedia just now? every time i try to make new talk page post it redirect back t blank page but does not create the page, also when i try pressing the signature button it just looks like it is process it then does nothing and refresh the page. It is quite annoying and meaning i am struggling to post. Also should say any page edits i make it is inserting loads of blank space into it meaning i have to go back an remove it-- Andrewcrawford ( talk  -  contrib ) 17:41, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * What browser are you using? Does this happen on other websites for you? Have you changed any preferences lately, either in your browser, to your internet connection, or to your Wikipedia account itself?Happy editing, hajat  vrc  with WikiLove @ 18:01, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Chrome, No does not happen on other websites, Not changed any settings in a while the last change i made to the wikipedia account was maybe a month or two ago but this problem only occur the other day after i read about using wiked function which was enabled for a while but have never really used before i think i press one of the button in that and since then the problem has occur but entirely sure which one Andrewcrawford ( talk  -  contrib ) 19:21, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * it was find and replace i used and sicne that it has been mucked up basically it stop replacing half way through doing wha ti was wanting and then since then it has mucked up Andrewcrawford ( talk  -  contrib ) 19:46, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * You can disable wikEd at Special:Preferences. Does that help? PrimeHunter (talk) 21:19, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Wording
On my Awake (TV series), I don't know if I should use canceled or cancelled. Thanks. TBrandley 17:57, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * It's an American series, so you should use the American spelling, wiith one "l". Maproom (talk) 18:08, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * see American and British English spelling differences. Dru of Id (talk) 18:12, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Also, be careful with saying "my", WP:OWN. —Th e DJ (talk • contribs) 10:09, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Footnote additions
I am having difficulty with this function to add a reference at the bottom of a page..?? I have read the directions but operator error i am sure thank you so much

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_R._Goldfarb

We are adding a non profit that at the moment functions on Facebook with a website to follow We are deleting vandalism and we are updating one heading

Help maybe we do not need a footnote

Lakshmi1014 (talk) 19:03, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Your only edit removed a paragraph from Lawrence R. Goldfarb and didn't add anything. There are several pages about references and you didn't say which directions you read but try Referencing for beginners. If you still have problems then try saving an edit even if the reference doesn't look as you want. Then we can see what's wrong. PrimeHunter (talk) 21:13, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * If you are trying to add links to social media to the article, please read WP:EXT. You cannot normally link to social media sites from Wikipedia, and certainly not for references (see WP:RS). --ColinFine (talk) 21:53, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Create/Change name of the page I attempted to create and misc
Hello,

I logged in and created a username and password, and thought I created a new page for the organization I work for. The computer logs me in automatically, so this verifies I successfully created a username. However, how do I a.Change (or create?)the name of the TITLE, and b. publish it?

Thank you for your prompt response.

-MC — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:06, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * It's not clear whether you're trying to create a new article or rename an existing one. But, in either case, you need to read the policy on editing with a conflict of interest.  Then you can read WP:MOVE and WP:YFA, which should help.  RudolfRed (talk) 19:19, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * What is your username? We cannot see what happened without knowing it. PrimeHunter (talk) 21:05, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Last name with a Upper case letter in the middle
I am trying to edit a title for a person's wiki page. His name contains is DuBrul, but I can only get the title of his page to read Dubrul (all lower case) Help? How to people with Mc names do it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rumedouglas (talk • contribs) 19:26, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I have moved it to Sascha Altman DuBrul. It required an administrator because the target title already existed (it was a redirect). PrimeHunter (talk) 19:31, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

How to print out pages from your website
Dumb question I know, but sometimes I like to print out TV synoposis but either get a blank page or perhaps a blank page; for example, the Inspector Lewis mystert series? Thanks. Tom — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:03, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Does Help:Printable help? Which browser do you have? Can you try another? Please give the exact title of a page where it happens and say which page(s) is blank. PrimeHunter (talk) 21:01, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

New article feedback - notability and references
Hi! I've written a new article at User:Fish613/Daniel Greenberg (lawyer) which I think is ready to go live, and I wonder if anyone can provide feedback? In particular, I want to know if I've established notability and used enough references to support the article.

If you want to help me improve the article, please do use its talk page.

Thanks!

Fish. (talk) 20:11, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * You have listed no useful sources for establishing notability. There's *probably* enough here to escape CSD A7 but this would be deleted at articles for deletion, unless some real reliable, independent, secondary sources were found discussing the subject in detail (based on one of your comments in a thread below, please see our conflict of interest guideline). Who's Who is a publication that is compiled by questionnaires filled out by the subject or someone who knows him or her, and is thus very much not an independent source "with a reputation for fact-checking and accuracy" as required. It's not always purely a paid directory however. Some of them do try to be somewhat selective, only soliciting autobiographical entries from people they believe to be of some note (other are paid directories), but in either form they are not independent nor secondary sources. The second source just verifies that the subject works somewhere. It's not an independent source source discussing the subject. The same thing for the OED. Are there articles written about the person by third parties with significant treatment? Newspaper stories? Magazine articles? Book treatment?--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 23:11, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Creating an Article
If I am associated with a company, and I am trying to make a page for that company, am I able to? I maintain a neutral tone and use independent secondary sources. If I am not able to create my own page, is there someone I could submit my draft to, who will edit and post it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bobby1379 (talk • contribs) 20:15, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * You could do what I did: write it in your user space, ask for feedback from others and move it live if it's ok. Otherwise, there's a page at Requested_articles where you can suggest a topic and other people will write it. Regards, Fish. (talk) 20:19, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Ok. where did you disclose your affiliation with the company? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bobby1379 (talk • contribs) 20:24, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * On the talk page of the article, where I asked for feedback. (It wasn't actually a company, it was a person who I know, but it's the same idea.) Fish. (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 20:27, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Company not listed on Wikipedia
I noticed ScholarChip® is not mentioned on Wiki but it's competitor Pearson Education is? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:22, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Probably because no one has written it yet. We don't have all companies here that are notable. IPEX is a huge notable company in my city but no mention at all in wp. You could try writing the article yourself, requesting it, etc. Beware of COI, NOT, and POV though.--Canoe1967 (talk) 21:27, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * It looks like it's been written (by Bob from ScholarChip) and deleted three times already. Twice for WP:SPAM and once for WP:COPYRIGHT. Jauerbackdude?/dude. 21:32, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I just noticed that it's also been salted because of the attempts on recreation. Since your IP geolocates to ScholarChip, I would just let it go and maybe someone else will eventually create the article who doesn't have a conflict of interest.  Wikipedia isn't the place to promote your company, anyway. Jauerbackdude?/dude. 21:37, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Share alike
Some photos are designated SHARE ALIKE and the web site states they can be used as long as an attribution is given. The same applies for GENERIC images. I have heard that if such images are used in an iBook textbook they will negate any copyright protection for other images owned by the author.Is this true as I cannot find any such warning on the Wikipedia website. Thanks, Ken — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:45, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Sounds like total nonsense. Why would use of a freely licensed image with proper attribution have any effect on another image that is not freely licensed? If for example, the book stated some blanket text such as "all images in this book are freely licensed..." or other type of blanket release, that would be different—the non-free images owned by the party making the blanket statement would be then released and any they didn't own would remain copyrighted with the false release being a lawsuit waiting to happen, but no I cannot see any way this could be true. Of course, the author would be wise to mark their copyright inside of or in conjunction with each of their own images included, and give credit and use by permission information for ones they do not own. You say "I have heard that..."; from what source?--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 22:43, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

list of massacres in history
fyi... i believe the battle of manila in world war II saw the japanese naval forces defending the city against MacArthurs forces killed (massacred) approximentely 100,000 Filipino civilians caught in the battle.. should it not also be listed? thank you for your attention in the matter.. :-) — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:37, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * There's a page List of events named massacres, which I assume is where you want it to be added. They've had long discussions there about criteria for inclusion, but since there's already an article Manila massacre I think it passes. I'll add it there and see what people think.

Regards, Fish. (talk) 22:53, 9 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Siddharth College of Law, Mumbai

Siddharth College of Law was founded in Mumbai in 1956. It is run by the People's Education Society which was formed by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar on 8 July 1945. The college is affiliated to the University of Mumbai. The college was formed with a vision to spread legal education amongst all sections of society. The college is housed at the Anand Bhavan which has been declared as a heritage structure by the Heritage society of the MMRDA.

Courses offered
Currently the college offers the three years LL.B. course. But, the five years B.S.L., LL.B course is also proposed. There are also Post Graduate Diploma and Certification courses being conducted by the college.

Library
The Library of the college is said to have a huge collection of books on law. The college is also home to some rare books from Dr. Ambedkar’s personal collection, which were used as reference for drafting the Constitution of India.

Visits and events
In the past the college has been visited by several personalities such as Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaranaike. The events hosted by the college have seen visits by Judges of the Bombay High Court like Justice P. B. Majumdar, Justice Roshan Dalvi and many other legal luminaries. The students of the college were allowed to attend the Mumbai terror attack trial of Qasab, which was otherwise restricted to the general public.

Notable people associated with the college

 * Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
 * Justice R.A. Jahagirdar (High Court at Bombay)
 * M. C. Setalvad
 * Manohar Joshi
 * Justice M. C. Chagla
 * Farooq Sheikh
 * Adv. K. P. Pawar (Court appointed defence lawyer for Mumbai terror trial)
 * Suresh Saraiya (Noted radio commentator on cricket)
 * Shantaram Naik
 * Prakash Yashwant Ambedkar, Politician

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Siddharth College of Law, Mumbai


text:
Managing simple projects

PSPPM402B

From the official document:
 * "This unit covers management of generally low risk projects that may be small scale and managed by one person or a person with a small team. It includes implementing project start-up activities, coordinating project implementation, monitoring the project and arranging follow-up activities. Contract management requirements are not included as this aspect is addressed by units of competency within the Key Area of "Procurement and Contract Management."

Basically, that means ... (translate above into plain english)

You can read more about this unit on the National Training Information Systems Official document for PSPPM402B.

This unit forms part of the following qualifications:
 * Cert IV Websites Qualification in Australia

How this unit will help you
After learning and applying the skills required by this unit you'll be able to demonstrate your skills in:

 * translate the above elements and performance criteria into plain english and summarise here...

Ideas for learning the required skills
...while managing any project,the necessary skill need to be utilized constructively. during the project initiation and execution stages the project manager is responsible in the smooth functioning of the project.

Thus by planing the necessary initiatives, like demand,requirement,HR,Raw material- procurement, conversion and dispatch (in the case of manufacturing unit)and service reports, followup customer care(in the case of service organization).

Every project which has been initiated has different milestones to be reviewed periodically.

To execute the project successfully, it is the responsibility of the project manager to look in to (check) the various faces of the project for flaws in it for correction.

Ideas for demonstrating this unit
The best way to demonstrate these skills is ...

Grading
If you are demonstrating this unit as part of a formal course, you might find that the unit is graded (meaning you can not only demonstrate your competence, but can also gain a credit or distinction). Your facilitator may already have set criteria that your college uses. If not, here are some ideas for possible credit/distinction activities that you can discuss with your facilitator:

title: Managing simple projects


text:
Ghosteen

Ghosteen is the seventeenth studio album by the Australian rock band Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. It was released on 4 October 2019 on Ghosteen Ltd and on 8 November 2019 on Bad Seed Ltd, both the band's own imprints. Ghosteen is a double album—the band's first since Abattoir Blues / The Lyre of Orpheus (2004)—and the final part of a trilogy of albums that includes Push the Sky Away (2013) and Skeleton Tree (2016).

Produced by Nick Cave and Warren Ellis, Ghosteen was written in the aftermath of the death of Cave's son Arthur in 2015. It was recorded primarily in Malibu and West Hollywood, California in the United States, with further sessions in Germany and England. Cave's lyrics, which continue his deviation from his usual narrative-based writing, explore themes of loss, death and existentialism, as well as empathy, faith and optimism. Like Skeleton Tree, the album features extensive use of synthesizers, loops and ambient elements, particularly the minimal use of drums and percussion.

Upon its release Ghosteen was met with widespread critical acclaim. It received several perfect scores and is the highest-rated album of 2019 and the 2010s decade (tied with Kendrick Lamar's To Pimp a Butterfly) on Metacritic. The album placed in the top 10 album charts in several countries and was included in several publications' year-end and decade-end lists of best albums. Both European and North American tours in support for Ghosteen were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with all shows rescheduled to later dates in 2021.

Background
In July 2015, during the recording sessions for Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds' sixteenth studio album Skeleton Tree (2016), Nick Cave's 15-year-old son Arthur died after falling from the Ovingdean Gap near Brighton, England. Skeleton Tree and the related documentary film One More Time with Feeling were released the following year; Skeleton Tree's lyrical themes and its "bleak and disturbing" sound led to misconceptions that the album was entirely about Arthur's death. The majority of the songs on the album, however, were written prior to his death, with Cave only improvising and amending subsequent lyrics during the album's final sessions.

Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds returned to live performances in January 2017 and four months later released the compilation album Lovely Creatures: The Best of Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds (2017), which was originally due for release in 2015. In April 2018, Cave began a series of initially limited question-and-answer events called Conversations with Nick Cave, in which he explored the relationship with his audience; Cave's efforts in engaging directly with his fans continued in September 2018 when he began a blog, The Red Hand Files, with a similar concept where fans send in questions. In the same month, keyboardist Conway Savage—a member of the band since 1990—died of a brain tumor, which he had been diagnosed with a year earlier. Ghosteen was ultimately dedicated to Savage; however, Nick Cave discussed that the title of the album and lyrical imagery used is based on a metaphysical conversations with Arthur. In the weeks after his death, the band released the extended play Distant Sky: Live in Copenhagen (2018) and premiered a full-length concert film of the same name.

Recording
Ghosteen was recorded in various locations in the United States, England and Germany between early 2018 and early 2019, with Nick Cave and Warren Ellis heading production. Initial "improv" sessions began at Retreat Studios in Brighton, England in spring 2018, with a minimal setup of Cave on piano and Ellis on a Yamaha Reface DX synthesizer "sketch[ing] out pieces of music" together; the sessions lasted approximately a week.

Ellis selected 20 tracks from the Retreat sessions to continue recording at Woodshed Recording Studios in Malibu and NightBird Recording Studios in West Hollywood, California in the US some months later. The Woodshed sessions—during which most of the album was recorded— were held in a single room "surrounded by an Eden-like garden." Cave and Ellis lodged in the house attached to Woodshed for the duration of the sessions, which was subsequently destroyed by the 2019 California wildfires.

Further sessions were held at Candy Bomber Studio in Berlin, Germany and at Air Studios in London, England. The Air sessions featured the recording of a string ensemble with orchestrator Ben Foster. By January 2019, Cave said he and the Bad Seeds had "nearly finished a new record". Ghosteen was subsequently mixed by Cave, Ellis, Lance Powell and Andrew Dominik at Conway Recording Studios in Los Angeles, California and mastered by Chris Gehringer.

Composition
Ghosteen is a double album—Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds' first since Abattoir Blues / The Lyre of Orpheus (2004)—and contains 11 tracks. The first part of the album features eight songs, which Nick Cave describes as "the children"; the second part of the album contains two longer songs and a spoken-word track, which he describes as "their parents". In summarising Ghosteen, Cave referred to the album both as "a migrating spirit" and the final part of a trilogy of albums the band began with Push the Sky Away (2013), which also includes Skeleton Tree.

Lyrics
Cave began writing lyrics for the songs on Ghosteen in February 2017, when a series of images he visualised while in Oslo, Norway became the basis for a later verse in the song "Hollywood". According to Cave, "within this sudden vision the whole of the album presented itself". Cave, who had "very deliberately" not written since the end of 2015 when amending the lyrics for Skeleton Tree, attributed a "new sort of lyrical confidence" to a subsequent process of "enforced shutdown", where he would "confine [him]self to barracks for a while". The album's lyrics were written at Cave's home in Brighton, a change from his usual "disciplined" routine of writing lyrics in a private office. The change in environment and routine led to Cave "amassing a stockpile of lines and thoughts, images and ideas" instead of writing songs in a more traditional manner.

As with the lyrics on Skeleton Tree, Cave abandoned the narrative-based approach he was known for, as he believed it to be "restrictive". Explaining his new approach to writing, Cave said: "The idea that we live life in a straight line, like a story, seems to me to be increasingly absurd and, more than anything, a kind of intellectual convenience … There is a pure heart, but all around it is chaos." In the first-ever issue of The Red Hand Files, Cave elaborated that he found an authentic "way to write beyond the trauma … that deals with all manner of issues but does not turn its back on the issue of the death of my child". He said this new-found method allowed him to write "beyond the personal into a state of wonder. In doing so the colour came back to things with a renewed intensity and the world seemed clear and bright and new."

Several publications described Ghosteen's lyrics as dealing with themes of loss, death, grief, and existentialism, but also noted positive themes such as empathy, faith and optimism. Several lyrical motifs and phrases are repeated and referenced throughout different songs, as well as recurring imagery of nature, the elements and Christianity. In addition to Cave's Christian imagery, the lyrics for the closing track "Hollywood" reference the story of Kisa Gotami, a Buddhist arhat who seeks help from the Buddha after the death of her child and discovers that "no one is untouched by loss." Cave himself later commented on the inclusion of the Kisa story, saying it "had been of great significance and comfort to me for years and at some point I jotted it down in verse form, completely independent of anything else, and with no intention of it being a song."

Music
Described by Pitchfork as Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds' "most musically esoteric record", Ghosteen is an ambient and electronic music album. Like Skeleton Tree, it features extensive use of analogue synthesizers, sparse piano, choral harmonies and drones. Orchestral strings are also a prominent feature of the album; the strings were arranged by conductor Ben Foster, with assistance from Sam Thompson. A five-piece string ensemble—featuring two violins, viola, cello and double bass—are featured in addition to Warren Ellis' violin. Other instrumentation on the album includes several woodwinds, gamelan chimes, an ondes Martenot and tablas.

Several critics emphasised Ghosteen's infrequent use of Thomas Wydler's drums and Jim Sclavunos' percussion in contrast to the band's previous albums. Wydler had recorded drum tracks for several songs, but Cave felt "the drums anchored the songs to the ground and didn't allow them to float". Most of Wydler's tracks were subsequently removed from the final mix, a decision that Cave said was "not made lightly or on a whim, rather it was a tough artistic decision determined by the needs of the songs themselves."

All of the music on Ghosteen was composed together by Cave and Ellis. Describing their writing process as "something chemical", Andrew Dominik—who co-mixed the album and who was present at the Woodshed sessions in 2018—said that "Nick is more into formal ideas of structure and whether or not a piece of music sounds good. Warren doesn't give a fuck about anything except how a piece of music feels. Nick doesn't really let his control go, but working with somebody like Warren allows him to move … They react to each other." "Hollywood" was based around a loop and "circular synth chords" that were originally composed by Ellis, which Cave further improvised on top of. The original "Hollywood" jam was significantly longer and only the final 15 minutes were edited for use as the album version, as Cave considered the track mostly "unusable" apart from the final "mysterious and compelling" section.

Cave—usually known for his "stiff baritone"— sings on several tracks in a falsetto vocal register, which has been noted for its "quavering, trembling" and "tremulous" quality.

Packaging
Ghosteen's title is a combination of the word "ghost" and the Irish-language suffix "ín" (anglicised as "een"), which translates to English as "little", "small" or "benevolent". Cave took the title from a book about Irish tinkers, in which the author believes his crying child has been possessed by a ghost. However, the title has often been misinterpreted as a portmanteau of "ghost" and "teen".

Ghosteen's sleeve was designed by Cave and Hingston Studio, an independent creative agency based in London which had designed several previous Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds' releases. The album's front cover art features an edited version of The Breath of Life, a 2001 painting by the artist Tom duBois from his Eden series. It depicts the biblical Garden of Eden, with various wildlife and colourful scenery. Creative Reviews Rachael Steven commented that "in an era of … record sleeves with dark and dystopian themes, the image stands out for its radiant optimism", while The Observers Kitty Empire described the artwork as a "kitsch paradise" that signified "a radical change of emotional landscape" for the band. The album's inner sleeve features photographs of Cave and Warren Ellis shot by Matthew Thorne.

Release
Ghosteen was released on 4 October 2019 on streaming services and as a digital download on Ghosteen Ltd. Double CD and LP editions were released a month later on 8 November on Bad Seed Ltd; both Ghosteen and Bad Seed are the band's own imprints. The album was announced by Nick Cave in response to a fan question on The Red Hand Files, on 23 September. The title, track listing and brief descriptions of the album's songs were revealed; a second follow-up post the same day included the album's cover art. The lyrics to "Fireflies", Ghosteen's penultimate track, had previously been published in the first-ever issue of The Red Hand Files a year prior.

Several album-listening events were held in 33 cities in Australia, Europe and the US on 3 October, alongside a worldwide YouTube stream featuring an animated lyric film directed by Tom Hingston. The film, which was later released as separate parts per song, features "a kaleidoscopic backdrop that shift[s] in colour and texture as the viewer passe[s] through the sequence – each vista making subtle reference to the theme behind the individual song."

In support of Ghosteen, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds announced a 33-date European and UK tour, due to begin on 19 April 2020 in Lisbon, Portugal and conclude on 17 June in Tel Aviv, Israel. An 18-date North American tour, beginning on 16 September in Minneapolis, Minnesota, US and concluding on 17 October in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, was also later announced. A month prior to its commencement, it was announced that the European and UK tour was cancelled in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, with all shows rescheduled to later dates in 2021; three months later the North American tour was also cancelled. In lieu of the cancelled shows, Cave recorded a solo performance that June at Alexandra Palace's West Hall in London, which featured songs from Ghosteen. The full performance was streamed globally as a concert film, Idiot Prayer: Nick Cave Alone at Alexandra Palace, on 23 July. An extended version of the film, featuring four songs omitted from the original stream, was released in cinemas worldwide on 5 November, followed by double CD and LP, download and streaming releases on 22 November. Songs from Ghosteen were first performed by Cave and Ellis with singers and a string quartet in the documentary film This Much I Know to Be True, directed by Andrew Dominik and released in 2022. The documentary was filmed in spring 2021 before Cave and Ellis's UK tour.

Critical response
Ghosteen received widespread acclaim from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, it received an average score of 96, based on 28 reviews, making it the highest-scoring album of 2019. Writing for The Guardian, Alexis Petridis summarised that Ghosteen featured "the most beautiful songs [Cave] has ever recorded" and awarded it a full five-out-of-five-star rating. Petridis considered the album to be "an infinitely warmer, sweeter sibling" to Skeleton Tree, noting that "it continues and extends the weightless, drifting style of its two predecessors." In another five-star review for NME, Elizabeth Aubrey said "if Skeleton Tree gave a glimpse into grief in its immediate aftermath, Ghosteen is a grief considered", drawing comparisons between Cave's lyrics and C. S. Lewis' A Grief Observed (1960), in that the album "feels like the trying-to-make-sense stage of grief, even when there's often no sense to be found." Aubrey praised Ghosteen as "a work of extraordinary, unsettling scope", calling it the Bad Seeds' most beautiful album "and also one of the most singularly devastating."

The Independent reviewer Helen Brown called Ghosteen "astonishing" in a five-out-of-five-star review, praising in particular Cave's vocals and lyrics and Warren Ellis' use of analogue synthesizers, which she described as "a warm cloud of ambient solace". Clash reviewer Josh Gray awarded Ghosteen a nine-out-of-ten rating, calling the album "another chapter in Cave's captivating quest for meaningful connection in a world where we so often feel disconnected", and surmising that Ghosteen is "not a blissful or comfortable album, but it is a hopeful one … another open letter straight from artist to audience that cuts right to the core of what means to have loved, lost and loved again." The A.V. Club's Marty Sartini Garner gave the album an A rating, praising its instrumentation, the otherworldly and spiritual quality of Cave's lyrics and its surprising accessibility.

In a full five-star review for The Observer, Kitty Empire praised the "subtle evolutions in mood and instrumentation" in the band's sound on Ghosteen, which she said "come to peaks that are made all the more stunning by their scarcity." Empire drew comparisons to "the gravitas" of Leonard Cohen and the "hoarse, harsh beauty" of Scott Walker's final releases. Pitchfork rated the album 8.8 out of 10, with reviewer Grayson Haver Currin calling it "sublime" and saying it "may be the most poignant album of [Cave's] storied career." Currin further praised Ghosteen's lyrical balance between abstract fantasies and the reality of grief, concluding that "you don’t need to be an expert in Cave's wider cosmology to be swept inside of Ghosteen … You only need the ability to suffer and the desire to survive." Writing in Hot Press, Pat Carty stated that Ghosteen features "an artist laying himself bare" and called it "art as bleak as it is beautiful, and one can only hope it offers some sort of catharsis – some modicum of relief – to its creator."

In a year-end essay for Slate, Ann Powers cited Ghosteen as one of her favorite albums from 2019 and proof that the format is not dead but rather undergoing a "metamorphosis". She added that concept albums had reemerged through the culturally relevant autobiographical narratives of artists such as Cave, who "offered a grand tour of his own haunted house of mourning four years after the accidental death of his son".

Commercial performance
Ghosteen placed in the top ten of several international album charts, including Australia, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Scotland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. It peaked at number one in Belgium on Flanders' Ultratop albums chart, in Portugal on the Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa (AFP) albums chart, as well as multiple UK charts, including the Independent Albums and Vinyl Albums charts.

Ghosteen was the best-selling LP in the UK in its first week of physical release, with 15,135 copies sold. It previously sold 6,396 copies in the UK its first week of digital-only release. By the end of 2019, Ghosteen had sold 30,929 copies overall in the UK—with streams accounting for 12.5 per cent of sales—and was the twenty-sixth best-selling LP of the year. In January 2020 Ghosteen was certified Gold in Belgium, with 15,000 copies sold.

Accolades
At Metacritic, Ghosteen is the highest-rated album of 2019, the second highest-rated album of 2010s overall and the sixth highest-rated album of all time. It was ranked as the best album of 2019 by Far Out, Louder Than War, Mojo, musicOMH, The Observer, The Skinny and The Times. Ghosteen was further featured in the top ten of various publications' year-end lists, placing at number two in The Line of Best Fit, Treble and Uncut; number three in the Chicago Tribune, Slant Magazine and Under the Radar;  number five in Q; number seven in The A.V. Club, BrooklynVegan, The Independent, PopMatters and Stereogum;  number eight in GQ and The Guardian;  and number ten by BBC 6 Music. In addition, Ghosteen was included in several publications' decade-end lists of best albums of the 2010s. The album was ranked at number 17 by The Independent, number 28 by Slant Magazine, number 50 by BrooklynVegan, number 65 by Treble, number 72 by Stereogum and number 87 by Rolling Stone.

Ghosteen was nominated for Best Australian Album at the 2020 NME Awards, Best Independent Album at the 2020 Association of Independent Music (Aim) Independent Music Awards, Best Album at the 2020 Ivor Novello Awards, Best Independent Rock Album or EP at the 2020 Australian Independent Record Labels Association (Air) Awards and was shortlisted for the fifteenth annual Australian Music Prize.

Personnel
All personnel credits sourced from Ghosteen's album notes.

Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds
 * Nick Cave – vocals, piano, synthesizer, backing vocals
 * Warren Ellis – synthesizer, loops, flute, violin, piano, backing vocals
 * Thomas Wydler – drums
 * Martyn Casey – bass
 * Jim Sclavunos – vibraphone, percussion
 * George Vjestica – guitar

Additional performers
 * Augustin Viard – ondes Martenot
 * Kaushlesh "Garry" Purohit – tablas

Orchestral performers
 * Ben Foster – string arrangement, conducting
 * Sam Thompson – string arrangement assistance
 * Tom Pigott-Smith – leading
 * Steve Morris – leading of seconds
 * Bruce White – first viola
 * Nick Cooper – first cello
 * Mary Scully – first double bass

Technical personnel
 * Nick Cave – production, mixing
 * Warren Ellis – production, mixing
 * Lance Powell – recording, mixing
 * Kevin Paul – recording
 * Ben Thackeray – recording
 * Jake Jackson – recording
 * Alex Csak – recording assistance
 * Kaushlesh "Garry" Purohit – recording assistance
 * Richard Biethan – recording assistance
 * Ingo Krauss – recording assistance
 * Oliver Klemp – recording assistance
 * John Prestage – recording assistance
 * Andrew Dominik – mixing
 * John Armstrong – mixing assistance
 * Chris Gehringer – mastering, lacquer cutting

Design personnel
 * Tom duBois – cover art
 * Matthew Thorne – photography
 * Nick Cave – sleeve design
 * Hingston Studio – sleeve design

title: Ghosteen


text:
Music from Van-Pires

Music from Van-Pires is the only studio album recorded by the John Entwistle Band and is Entwistle's final studio album before his death in 2002. It was a soundtrack for the Sci-Fi Award-winning UPN animated children's computer-generated television series Van-Pires, which only aired between 1997 and 1998, shooting 13 episodes, which Entwistle had been involved with. Some of the tracks appear on his solo compilation album So Who's the Bass Player? The Ox Anthology (2005), despite this. The album was not re-released alongside Entwistle's other solo studio albums in 2005.

The song "Bogey Man" was originally written for the Who's eighth studio album Who Are You (1978) by Entwistle, but was rejected by the band for being too humorous. A demo was recorded by Entwistle and Keith Moon. The demo was largely forgotten and was believed to have been lost until the 1990s. Entwistle resorted to his old demos for material for the soundtrack to the 1997 children's television programme Van Pires, to help him meet a contract which agreed he would write and record 13 new songs and a theme tune in 3 months. When the band's drummer, Steve Luongo heard the demo, he recognized Keith Moon's drumming on the demo, and the band decided to record a new version of the song with Moon's original drum track.

Personnel
The John Entwistle Band with:
 * John Entwistle – vocals, bass guitar, brass, orchestration, mixing
 * Steve Luongo – percussion, drums, vocals, orchestration, mixing
 * Alan St. Jon – keyboards, synthesizer, organ, backing vocals, orchestration
 * Godfrey Townsend – guitar, backing vocals
 * Leslie West – lead guitar and lead vocals on "Don't Be a Sucker"
 * Keith Moon – drums on "Bogey Man"
 * Mark and Jade Varley – speech on "Good and Evil"

Technical
 * Bobby Pridden – engineer

title: Music from Van-Pires


text:
Karampon

Karampon (also known as Karampan) (கரம்பொன்) is a village located in Kayts, Velanai Island, off the Jaffna Peninsula, Northern Sri Lanka.

The majority of the people are Hindus along with a minority of Christians. There are a number of Hindu Temples along with a few churches. The village is also served by a dozen of schools.

Education

 * Little Flower Convent, Karampon
 * Shanmuganatha Vidyalayam, Karampon

title: Karampon


text:
Yukon Scotties Tournament of Hearts

The Yukon Scotties Tournament of Hearts is the women's territorial championship for women's curling in the Yukon. Beginning in 2015, the event serves as a direct qualifier to the Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Canada's national women's curling championships. Prior to 2015, the event served as a qualifier for the Yukon/NWT Scotties Tournament of Hearts.

title: Yukon Scotties Tournament of Hearts


text:
Portal:Media/Quotes

"Thank God for the Internet, or we wouldn't know anything, and we would already be a fascist state." - Cindy Sheehan

title: Portal:Media/Quotes


text:
Talk:2015 Hamburg state election

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Hamburg state election, 2015. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:40, 28 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:2015 Hamburg state election


text:
Osaka Monorail 2000 series

The 2000 series (2000系) is a type of monorail train which has operated on the Osaka Monorail since 2001. The trains are built by Hitachi, Ltd. and Kawasaki Heavy Industries, have aluminium bodies, and operate as four-car formations.

title: Osaka Monorail 2000 series


text:
User:YSL12

Chemist. Introduced to Wikipedia editing on 2020/08/16 during the American Chemical Society National Meeting.

title: User:YSL12


text:
Custos Rotulorum of Herefordshire

This is a list of people who have served as Custos Rotulorum of Herefordshire.

For later custodes rotulorum, see Lord Lieutenant of Herefordshire.
 * John Scudamore bef. 1544
 * Richard Warnecombe bef. 1544–1547
 * John Scudamore (died 1571) 1547–1571
 * Sir James Croft bef. 1573 –1574
 * Sir John Scudamore 1574–1616
 * Sir James Scudamore 1616–1619
 * Sir John Scudamore 1619–1622
 * John Scudamore, 1st Viscount Scudamore 1622–1646, 1660–1671
 * Edward Harley Mar–July 1660
 * Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort 1671–1689
 * Charles Gerard, 1st Earl of Macclesfield 1689–1694
 * Thomas Coningsby, 1st Earl Coningsby 1696–1721

title: Custos Rotulorum of Herefordshire


text:
Tereza Delta

Tereza Delta (São Paulo, November 2, 1919 – São Bernardo do Campo, August 6, 1993) was a Brazilian politician, being one of the first women to hold the office of mayor in Brazil. For her leading role in the Chamber of Councillors of São Bernardo do Campo, she was honored with the name of the plenary of this legislative house.

Political career
Around 1943, she came to live in São Bernardo, settling in a farm at the confluence of the roads Mar and Vergueiro.

In late 1946 and early 1947, she embraced Adhemar de Barros's campaign for governor of the State of São Paulo, and in the city she supported the popular movement of protest against the city hall, in the face of the problems of lack of sugar, oil and other items, gaining general sympathy. Adhemar de Barros, after being elected and sworn in as governor, removed Wallace Simonsen from the city hall and appointed Tereza as mayor in a buffer mandate, taking office in 1947. She would remain in office until the end of that year, when elections were held for councilman and mayor.

Tereza Delta was elected a councilwoman with the highest number of votes ever recorded in São Bernardo until then. She was elected mayor of the Chamber between 1948 and 1951, when she stepped aside to take up a seat in the State Assembly, to which she had been elected as a congresswoman, serving from 1951 to 1955. During this mandate she swas responsible for the creation of the first state school in the city, the Instituto de Educação João Ramalho, the construction of the Maria Iracema Munhoz School Group building, the construction of the viaduct at kilometer 23 of the Anchieta Highway and also the completion by the State of the works of the first public hospital in the city, today called Hospital Escola Anchieta. At the same time, she coordinated the construction and succeeded, in 1953, in raising the municipality to the category of comarca, whose forum was installed two years later by the acting mayor, Sigismundo Sérgio Ballotim.

In 1960, she again served as a State Congresswoman, as an alternate called for a temporary seat in the State Legislative Assembly. After she withdrew from politics, she continued to devote herself to the activities of a micro-entrepreneur and died on August 6, 1993.

title: Tereza Delta


text:
Warren Daniel

Warren Daniel is an American politician who has served in the North Carolina Senate since 2011. He is a graduate of Freedom High School and the United States Military Academy.

title: Warren Daniel


text:
Ringan

Rangan (, also Romanized as Rangan; also known as Rangan) is a village in Mazul Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 146, in 38 families.

title: Ringan


text:
2007 ICC Africa Under-19 Championship

The 2007 ICC Africa Under-19 Championship was a cricket tournament held in South Africa from 25–30 August 2007. All matches were held at the Willowmoore Park complex in Benoni, Gauteng.

Namibia won the tournament by defeating Kenya in the final, qualifying for the 2008 Under-19 World Cup in Malaysia. Two African under-19 sides, South Africa and Zimbabwe, are ICC full members, and thus qualified directly for the World Cup. Namibian batsman Sean Silver and Uganda bowler Charles Waiswa led the tournament in runs and wickets, respectively.

The tournament was the second edition of the ICC Africa Under-19 Championships, after the inaugural championship in 2001. In 2003 and 2005, a joint World Cup qualification tournament had been organised by ICC Africa and ICC East Asia-Pacific. The 2007 championships were the last at which there was only a single division – from the 2009 tournament onwards, there have been two divisions.

Teams and qualification
All six African teams at the 2005 Africa/EAP Under-19 Championship qualified for the tournament, with the places of the two ICC East Asia-Pacific teams (Fiji and Papua New Guinea) taken by Botswana and Ghana:

Pool A
Source: CricketArchive

Pool B
Source: CricketArchive

5th-place playoff
Two "semi-finals" for the fifth-place playoff were held, in which Ghana defeated Tanzania by seven wickets and Zambia defeated Nigeria by 315 runs. The two losing teams played each other in the seventh-place playoff.

Final
Two semi-finals were held, in which Kenya defeated Botswana by four wickets and Namibia defeated Uganda by nine wickets. The two losing teams played each other in the third-place playoff.

Most runs
The top five runscorers are included in this table, ranked by runs scored and then by batting average.

Source: CricketArchive

Most wickets
The top five wicket takers are listed in this table, ranked by wickets taken and then by bowling average. Source: CricketArchive

title: 2007 ICC Africa Under-19 Championship


text:
pikkuhousut

Noun

 * 1) briefs underpants worn by men or boys
 * 2) panties women's and girls' small underpants

title: pikkuhousut


text:
Sakuona Plikiai

FK Sakuona is a Lithuanian football team from Plikiai in Klaipėda region.

History
The first football club in Plikiai was established in 1919 under the name SV Plicken.

The current club was established in 1988 and called Švyturys, by the name of kolkhoz where it was located. After the independence, the club was renamed to SK Plikiai in 1992. Recently, for sponsorship reasons the club bore names Sakuona and Rūgpienių kaimas.

FK Plikiai won 2001/2002 the LFF III Lyga championship and were promoted to the LFF II Lyga. In 2009/2010 season FK Plikiai made headlines by reaching the LFF Cup quarterfinals having eliminated famous FK Žalgiris..

Previous names

 * 1988 – Švyturys
 * 1992 – Liverpulis
 * 1998 – SK Plikiai
 * 2002 – Sakuona

Achievements

 * Winners of LFF III Lyga
 * 2001–22, 2018, 2019, 2021
 * Runners up of LFF II Lyga
 * 2006, 2007–08, 2010–11

title: Sakuona Plikiai


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Suresh Poduval

Suresh Poduval is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works in the Malayalam film industry. He is best known for his work on the films Deepasthambham Mahascharyam, Nadan Pennum Natupramaniyum, and Achaneyanenikkishtam.

Early life and work
Poduval was born in Payyanur, Kannur to Krishnan Master, and Narayaniyamma. After graduating from the University of Calicut, Poduval worked as an temporary announcer in the All India Radio

He made his debut as a writer with Manthrikumaran, the 1998 film directed by Thulasidas, and starring Mukesh and Sangita in the lead roles. The following year Poduval wrote the movie Deepasthambham Mahascharyam. Directed by K. B. Madhu. His next film was Nadan Pennum Natupramaniyum (2000), directed by Rajasenan, and starring Jayaram and Samyuktha Varma in the titular roles. He reunited with Rajasenan in the film Megasandesam (2001). Later that year, he wrote the script for Suresh Krishnan's Achaneyanenikkishtam starring Kalabhavan Mani and Biju Menon.

His next film release came five years later when he collaborated with Anil Babu in the romance Parayam starring Jishnu and Bhavana. In 2008, he scripted Thulasidas' Mohanlal-starrer College Kumaran in 2008. He directed the documentary Oru Deshathinte Kala in 2015.

Poduval made his feature film directorial debut in 2019 with the Ulta. He also wrote the script for the film, which stars Gokul Suresh, Prayaga Martin, and Anusree in the lead roles.

title: Suresh Poduval


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Cookbook:Lemon Meringue Pie (British)

| Dessert | UK Cuisine

These instructions will make a sticky and indulgent lemon meringue pie. If you want the American gel-like centre, use the other recipe instead.

Ingredients

 * 8 digestive biscuits (plain/tea biscuits)
 * 2 imperial tbsp (36 ml / 2.4 US tbsp) butter
 * 1 tin (300 ml) sweetened condensed milk
 * 1–2 lemons, zested and juiced
 * 1 egg yolk
 * 3 egg whites
 * 6 imperial tbsp (108 ml / 7.2 US tbsp) caster sugar

Procedure

 * 1) Pound the digestive biscuits into crumbs with the end of a rolling pin.
 * 2) Add sufficient melted butter to the crumbs to make the mixture cohesive. Mix well, then press it into the bottom of a 10 inch (25 cm) diameter, 1 inch deep pie dish. Press down firmly with the tip of a spoon to make the base.
 * 3) Combine the sweetened condensed milk and egg yolk. Stir gently, then mix in the lemon zest and juice to taste—more will be better, but be careful not to add too much or it will spoil the texture. Do not stir too much.
 * 4) Pour the filling into the pie dish, covering the biscuit layer.
 * 5) Whip the egg whites until foamy. Gradually beat in the sugar until you get stiff peaks.
 * 6) Spoon the meringue into the pie dish, sealing around the edges.
 * 7) Bake in a moderately cool oven (325 °F / 162 °C) for about 45 minutes until the meringue is a light golden brown. The aim is to cook the meringue and partly cook the centre (unlike, say, Baked Alaska, where only the top of the meringue is flash-cooked).
 * 8) Remove from the oven, allow to cool, and place in the refrigerator for 2 hours to set.
 * 9) Enjoy.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * There are 2 types of lemon meringue pie. The more common version has a lemon "gel" in the centre (which is often a luminous yellow colour), and a hard pastry base. The version above is much stickier.
 * In an earlier version, the filling used 3 egg yolks. It isn't necessary.
 * When making the middle, it's essential to mix in the egg before the lemon. The acidity of the lemon acts on the yolk protein to thicken it; putting in the lemon first (which is tempting if you want to "add lemon to taste" without eating raw egg yolk) will cause the yolk to go "stringy" on contact.

title: Cookbook:Lemon Meringue Pie (British)


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Nemenčinė

Nemenčinė is a city in Vilnius district municipality, Lithuania, it is located only about 7 km north-east of Vilnius. Close to Nemenčinė forest was planted which forms a sentence Žalgiris 600 (commemorating the Battle of Grunwald) visible from the air.

Names
Nemenčinė is the original name of the town reflected in historical documents and still in use today. It derives from a Lithuanian word referring to the river Nemenčia. Other versions of the name include Niemenczyn in Polish, Неменчын in Belarusian, Неменчине (or Нямянчине) in Russian, Nementschine in German and Nementchin (נעמענטשין) in Yiddish.

History
Lithuanian wooden castle and the mound stood in Nemenčinė in 10-14th centuries. The settlement started to grow around the castle. In 1387, following the Christianization of Lithuania, Jogaila established the first Christian parish in Nemenčinė and built a church there. In a 1434 document Andrius Sakaitis, one of the most influential Lithuanian nobleman families during the reign of Grand Duke of Lithuania Casimir IV Jagiellon, listed Nemenčinė as his domain. In 1554, Nemenčinė after the Volok Reform got the rights of the town.

In 1613, the town was marked on the map of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – Magni Ducatus Lithuaniae, et Regionum Adiacentium exacta Descriptio printed in Amsterdam and financed by the Lithuanian magnate Mikalojus Kristupas Radvila Našlaitėlis.

On 20 September 1941, 403 Jews from the town were massacred in a mass execution. 128 men, 186 women and 99 children were shot by an Einsatzgruppen of local Nazi collaborators. In 1971, a monument was erected on the execution site.

Ethnic composition
The ethnic composition of Nemenčinė is as follows:

Total population in 2011 – 5054
 * Poles 56,5% (2858)
 * Lithuanians 27,1% (1368)
 * Russians 9,2% (463)
 * Belarusians 3,6% (183)
 * Ukrainians 0,9% (43)
 * Others 2,4% (120)

Total population in 2021 – 4831
 * Poles 55,7% (2690)
 * Lithuanians 29,1% (1407)
 * Russians 8,1% (391)
 * Belarusians 2,9% (138)
 * Ukrainians 0,8% (38)
 * Others 3,3% (160)

International partnership
Nemenčinė is twinned with three towns in Poland: Węgorzewo (Ungura), Ełk (Lukas) and Suwałki (Suvalkai). It also has a partnership agreement with Poland's West Pomeranian Voivodeship, signed in Vilnius on 19 June 2009.

Sports
In 14 of September 2017 Nemenčinė Biathlon Stadium was opened and become a second operating Biathlon course in Lithuania (first being Ignalina Winter Sports Centre).

People

 * Zdzisław Balicki, Polish Sejm deputy
 * Miroslava Ritskiavitchius, Lithuanian handball player that represented Germany at 1996 Olympics

title: Nemenčinė


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heimosota

Etymology
. In the Finnish tradition, subgroups of the Finnish people or Finnic peoples at large are called.

Noun

 * 1) tribal war
 * 2)  the various wars and conflicts to liberate "related peoples" which Finnish volunteers took part in

title: heimosota


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Rhapsody (film)

Rhapsody is a 1954 American musical drama film directed by Charles Vidor and starring Elizabeth Taylor, Vittorio Gassman, John Ericson, and Louis Calhern based on the 1908 novel Maurice Guest by Henry Handel Richardson.

It revolves around a debutante who follows the man she loves and hopes to marry to Zürich where he studies violin at a conservatory. There she meets a piano student who falls madly in love with her. She must then choose between this man who loves her more than his music and the violinist who loves his music more than anything else. Rhapsody features music by Franz Liszt, Sergei Rachmaninov, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Felix Mendelssohn, Claude Debussy, and Pablo de Sarasate.

Plot
The film opens with debutante Louise Durant (Elizabeth Taylor) announcing to her haughty father (played by Louis Calhern) that she is leaving their luxurious home to go to Zürich with her lover—an aspiring violinist, Paul Bronte (Vittorio Gassman). Her father disapproves. She cannot leave, because he needs her as hostess of his luncheon of VIPs. He sees no reason to waste time with aspiring artists, when he has the cream of the crop at the luncheon she is about to miss. Besides, she lacks the discipline to study piano at the conservatory. She scoffs, "You'll see. Have you ever stopped me from doing what I want?" He replies "No".

The couple joyfully motor to Zürich in a convertible. Bronte playfully muses how crazy it is to take her, when he must work.

In Zürich, the couple bring Durant's bags to her elegant furnished flat. Paul inquires about the "For Rent" sign that the matron (played by Celia Lovsky) had just removed from the front window. She explains that the attic had just been rented to an American (James Guest, played by John Ericson). When the affable Guest shows, Bronte tries unsuccessfully to convince Guest that he must give his room to Bronte because of seniority. Guest won't be conned. Guest is immediately infatuated with Durant, but she doesn't notice, while Bronte lets him know she is off-limits.

Durant goes to the conservatory to audition. While waiting, she is enraptured with the piano player before her. She is pleased to discover it is Guest. The professor who oversaw the audition ushers in Bronte. They practice while Durant impatiently waits.

Tension mounts as Bronte prioritizes practice over companionship with Durant.

When Bronte learns he is scheduled to perform at the Zürich Symphony in three weeks, he tells a deeply disappointed Durant he will have no time for her until the concert. Meanwhile a grand piano arrives for Durant. Guest joins Durant to try out the new piano, becoming friends.

Durant's father visits her in Zürich. When she introduces him to Bronte, the father's disdain is palpable. When she asks her father if he will go to Bronte's Tchaikovsky concert at the symphony, he replies, "No. I have already heard Tchaikovsky." Yet, the father asks Bronte for a serenade. Bronte quips, "No. I only perform for pleasure or money. Something you would understand." Father admits he doesn't like Bronte's arrogance; Daughter retorts "You dislike him because he is like you and doesn't crumple like all the other men." Father correctly predicts their relationship is doomed, because Bronte can't give her the attention she needs, and he is a hummingbird that can't be caged.

Bronte's solo at the Symphony is a smashing success. During the concert Durant unsuccessfully tries to capture his attention, but he is oblivious, engrossed in the music, like everyone else but her. When she goes back stage, the joyous crowd surrounds him and she can't get near, but sees him spontaneously kiss another woman in ecstatic celebration. When music agents shuffle him off to a back room to make deals, Durant calls out to him, but he waives her off. When he leaves the room hours later, she is sulking. Energized and happy to see her, he spouts off all his future plans for a tour with a finale in Rome, but indicates she can't go with as she would be a distraction. The couple fight. He has no time for her; she is ruining the day his music career takes off.

The next day Durant sees him leave on the tour with another woman. She tries to kill herself with pills, but Guest intervenes.

Guest nurses Durant to health, giving her the cloying affection she needs. Her father approves. She is determined to leave Zürich and the awful memories. Guest, head over heals in love with a woman who only views him as a friend, is determined to go with her - even though it means giving up his music studies. She lets him follow her to Paris, where she marries him to try to get over Bronte.

Bronte bumps into Durant in Paris, and the two admit they have not fallen out of love. Meanwhile, Guest is floundering, squandering Durant's money on booze — undoubtedly not getting the romantic attention he desires. Bronte is disgusted that Durant has allowed his talent to go to rot.

When Durant tells her father she must divorce Guest, he urges her to wait. "Don't kick him when he is down. Help him get up first." She does. She moves back with him to Zürich and puts all of her focus on his musical development. Guest eventually secures a solo performance at the Symphony — nearly identical to Bronte's. But just prior to the important concert, Durant refuses to give him a token of herself for good luck. She insists he doesn't need her to succeed, that his talent is from his work alone. She confesses that she intends to leave with Bronte after the performance. Guest is devastated.

At the concert, Guest is distraught throughout performance. He repeatedly looks at the empty chair reserved for his wife. Despite his anguish, he pulls off a standing ovation. When the crowd has gone and he is about to leave alone, he discovers Durant waiting. "I thought you were leaving." Crying, she tells him she saw the entire performance. They hug as lovers.

Cast

 * Elizabeth Taylor as Louise Durant
 * Vittorio Gassman as Paul Bronte
 * John Ericson as James Guest
 * Louis Calhern as Nicholas Durant
 * Michael Chekhov as Prof. Schuman
 * Barbara Bates as Effie Cahill
 * Richard Hageman as Bruno Fürst
 * Richard Lupino as Otto Krafft
 * Celia Lovsky as Frau Sigerlist
 * Stuart Whitman as Dove
 * Madge Blake as Mrs. Cahill
 * Jack Raine as Edmund Streller
 * Birgit Nielsen as Madeleine
 * Jacqueline Duval as Yvonne
 * Gordon Richards as English Butler
 * Norma Nevens as Student Pianist

Production
The novel Maurice Guest was published in 1908.

Rhapsody was filmed on location in Florhofgasse, Zürich (the street scenes) and Pontresina, Kanton Graubünden in Switzerland.

Reception
According to MGM records, the film earned $1,291,000 in the U.S. and Canada and $2,001,000 in other markets, resulting in a loss of $217,000. The movie was re-released in February 1962 to benefit from the publicity created for the movie Cleopatra.

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
 * 2002: AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – Nominated

title: Rhapsody (film)


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Shivanand Patil

Shivanand Siddaramgouda Patil (born 23 April 1964) is an Indian politician from the state of Karnataka. He is currently serving as Cabinet Minister in Government of Karnataka & as a member of Karnataka Legislative Assembly representing Basavana Bagevadi.

He was also a minister in Second H. D. Kumaraswamy ministry.

Career
Patil represented Tikota in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly in the 1990s. He won with a Janata Dal ticket in the 1994 election and with a Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) ticket in 1999. In March 2004, he quit the BJP expressing unhappiness with the party's "internal culture". Ahead of the legislative assembly election, the party had given away the Tikota seat to a Janata Dal (United) candidate, a party they were in coalition with, which Patil noted on being done without consulting him.

Controversy
In 2023, he sparked a controversy by commenting that the state government's compensation package of ₹5 lakh has been a contributing factor to the increasing number of farmer suicides. As per 2019 data, Karnataka recorded second highest number of farmers' suicide.

title: Shivanand Patil


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Raúl Maradona

Raúl Alfredo Maradona, also known as Lalo Maradona (born 29 November 1966) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a striker.

Career
Maradona played in Argentina for Boca Juniors, in Spain for Granada, and in Peru for Deportivo Municipal; he also played in Japan and Canada and Venezuela. In 1993, he went to North America to sign with Fort Lauderdale Strikers of the American Professional Soccer League. In 1995, he signed with Toronto Italia of the Canadian National Soccer League. The following season his team won the regular season championship, and reached the CNSL Championship final where the club faced St. Catharines Wolves, and won the series 11–0 on aggregate. After the conclusion of the CNSL season he signed with the Toronto Shooting Stars of the National Professional Soccer League, where he appeared in 27 matches and recorded 12 goals. Following the conclusion of the indoor season Maradona returned to the CNSL and signed with North York Talons.

In 1998 he joined Peruvian side for Deportivo Municipal, where he was greeted as a star but only played a few games. He subsequently played in the Canadian Professional Soccer League with Toronto Olympians.

Personal life
Maradona is the brother of fellow players Diego (1960–2020) and Hugo (1969–2021). Their father Diego Maradona (known as "Chitoro"; 1927–2015), who worked at a chemicals factory, was of Guaraní (Indigenous) and Spanish (Basque) descent, and their mother Dalma Salvadora Franco (known as "Doña Tota"; 1930–2011), was of Italian descent.

title: Raúl Maradona


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Jerzy Ziętek

Jerzy Jan Antoni Ziętek (10 June 1901 in Gleiwitz – 20 November 1985 in Katowice, Upper Silesia) was a Polish politician and general. A Silesian Insurrectionist in his youth, during the Second World War he joined the Polish armed forces in the USSR and later became an important politician representing Silesia in the People's Republic of Poland.

Biography
Jerzy Ziętek was born in the city of Gleiwitz, Prussia (Upper Silesia), in the German Empire. He was active in various Polish cultural movements, for which he was discharged from gymnasium in 1919 and passed his matura exams in front of the provisional Polish commission in Bytom.

Ziętek was the advocate of Silesian independence and in the aftermath of the First World War he participated actively in the Silesian Uprisings (1919-1921) against the Germans. In 1920 he was introduced to Polish Military Organization. In the third Silesian Uprising (1921), he battled in the 8th Company of the 3rd Gliwice battalion. At first, he was commander of a platoon, and later of the entire company. On more occasions he was involved in direct fighting, in Łabędy, Stare Koźle, Januszkowice and Sławięcice. He was also involved in organizing the plebiscite in Silesia, under the guidance of the League of Nations, which eventually determined to award most of Silesia to the Second Polish Republic.

Nonetheless Ziętek in his memoirs was disappointed with the results of the peace agreement that was pushed through by the British: "Everywhere, our struggle for freedom was met with disdain, especially by British politicians. Lloyd George was the most infamous of them all, having said that you can not give a watch to a monkey because the animal will break it, implying that the watch was Silesia and the monkey Poland"

From 1922 until 1939 he was a mayor of Radzionków and took part in the autonomous government of Silesia and from 1930 to 1935 he was a deputy for the Polish parliament (Sejm) from the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (BBWR) party.

In 1939, after the Germans invaded Poland he fled the Nazis and found himself in the Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union, (which joined the Germans in their invasion). In the Soviet Union he decided to cooperate with the Polish nationalists. In 1943 he enrolled in the Union of Polish Nationalists and joined the Polish Army, where he had the rank of pułkownik (colonel) and was the vice-commander of the Polish 3rd Infantry Division. In 1945 he became a member of the communist controlled Polish Workers Party (PPR), which later became the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR).

In his political career, which lasted from 1945 until 1985, he occupied a number of different positions. First as the vice-voivod of the Silesian-Dąbrowa Voivodeship, from 1950 its first representative and from 1964 the leader of the voivodeship sejmik. In 1973 he became the voivod himself until 1975. He was also a representative in the Polish Sejm from 1947 until 1952 and from 1957 until 1985. From 1961 to 1969 he was the chairman of the Sejm Commission of Building and Communal Economy. From 1963 to 1980 he was a member of the Polish Council of State and from 1980 to 1985 one of its four deputy chairmen.

From 1949 until the end of his life he was the vice-president of Society of Fighters for Freedom. In 1959 the People's Republic of Poland awarded him the Order of the Builders of People's Poland. In 1971, at the 30th anniversary of the Third Silesian Uprising, he was also promoted to the rank of generał brygady. In 1977 he received honorary PhD diploma from Silesian University

In 1946 he wrote his memoirs about the times of Silesian Uprisings: "Powstańczy Szlak – rozważania powstańcze" (Insurgence trail - thoughts on uprising). His life was also the basis of the 1979 movie by Antoni Halor: Man with the cane (Człowiek z laską).

He was responsible for creation of the Silesian Park, Silesian Stadium, Katowice Rondo and many other buildings important for the region. There are monuments to him in the Park as well as on the Katowice Rondo (which is named after him). He is also the patron of Silesian School of Management in Katowice. The Gazeta Wyborcza named him as the second-most important Silesian person in the 20th century, coming second to Wojciech Korfanty and before director Kazimierz Kutz. He died on November 20, 1985, in Katowice.

title: Jerzy Ziętek


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Computer Programming/Aspect oriented programming

= Preface =

Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP) is a follow-on development to Object Oriented Programming (OOP), developed with the intention of solving some of the practical limitations of OOP.

OOP aims to manage the complexity of software development by encapsulating data and methods into discrete objects, reducing the dependencies between different software constructs, and polymorphism, or the ability to treat different program constructs as identical for a particular purpose. Overall, the definition of a well-constructed set of objects standing in explicit relationships with each other allows programmers to 'componentize' the software, working at a small, simple, focussed scale, creating constructs that are easily and safely combined into larger constructs for greater functionality.

The practical difficulty with OOP is that, in any large-scale application, there are aspects that are not easily decomposed into objects/components, or easily used as such. "Cross-cutting concerns", or crosscuts, are parts of a larger software project that exist identically in several places, or for multiple objects, where implementing code to answer those concerns effectively breaks encapsulation and increases, rather than decreases, dependencies. AOP aims to reduce dependencies and complexity by moving the code handling those crosscuts into separate programming constructs that can then be woven back into the OOP source code in an automated fashion by a weaver. The result is object oriented code that can then be compiled as normal.

Example
The classic example of an appropriate area for AOP is logging. Often, a programmer will use logging to record the state and flow of a program, both for debugging during development and bug-fixing after deployment. In an OOP program, this takes several possible forms:

 * Every object has access to a global logger object, and calls its methods to log events or state.
 * All objects requiring logging repeat the same code to write to the log.
 * Each object keeps its own log, possibly to a file.

The essential problem here that AOP tries to solve is that the code is repeated in several places, making it difficult to maintain, and increasing dependencies across different constructs. Changing the behaviour of the logger requires, in the second and third cases, rewriting the same code in multiple files; changing the use of the logger requires rewriting the same code in all cases.

By defining logging as a crosscut and using an aspect to solve the problem, the programmer writes the aspect code to handle logging and makes use of a weaver to inject the code into the OOP source, which is then compiled as normal OOP code. The logging function has been removed from the source code for the classes, put into one location, and treated as another single construct that can be locally defined and implemented, and then used discretely in the rest of the program.

= Overview =

In theoretical terms, AOP is the way to implement separation of concerns. Objects are often called upon to handle several conceptually different concerns. An invoice in a sales entry application contains some obvious properties, such as the identity of the purchaser, and the items purchased; but the invoice object may also be required to know how to log its actions, how to persist itself in a database, how to verify the purchaser's credit limit, and how to raise a flag when it is past due. As a result, the invoice class may become large, complex, and difficult to maintain. Each of these concerns is legitimate for the class to handle, but by the principles of OOP must be handled internally and invisibly. If those concerns are shared by other objects with only a distant relationship, then not only do the classes involved have unnecessary complexity, but that complexity is repeated in multiple places.

A few definitions will help:

A cross-cutting concern, or crosscut, is any part of the design of an OOP application that occurs simultaneously in several different parts of the OOP application that are not otherwise related. Logging is the obvious example, but persistence is another one: In a banking application, many different objects must be stored and retrieved in the same way (e.g., a relational database). Persistence is a crosscut on the objects of the application.

A join-point is a semantically definable point in the OOP code that the weaver can identify. For our logging example, the programmer may wish to record the call stack, so the logger should record the entry and exit of every function.

A set of join points are identified, collectively, by a pointcut: The join-points are the actual places in the code that the weaver identifies; the pointcut is the AOP code that defines the join-points to be found.

A pointcut not only identifies join points, but includes code to act on those points. The code is called advice or advices.

An aspect, then, is a set of pointcuts defining a particular crosscut to be handled by the AOP module. In practice, our solution to the logging example is an aspect module that defines pointcuts identifying those join-points where the programmer wants logging to occur. Having identified the join-points, the programmer writes advices into the AOP module, and the weaver injects that code into the OOP source code as a preliminary step to compilation of the code.

At this point, it looks like AOP is nothing more than a way of pulling utility code out of classes and centralizing it; that is one of AOP's virtues. However, AOP can separate much more complex concerns. In our invoice example, we mentioned that invoices have a past due date. Likewise, our own payables might have a past due date. This 'past due' concern could be encapsulated as an aspect that defines pointcuts on the construction or initialization of both invoice and payable objects. At those join-points, a past due date member could be added to both classes, along with code to register the invoice/payable with a past-due monitoring system that generates a daily report of upcoming deadlines. Code for tracking payment deadlines has been moved to a single module, decreasing the complexity of the invoice/payable objects, eliminating a dependency between the invoice/payable classes and the deadline monitoring system, and making maintenance and changes to the system easier.

= Implementation =

The most popular platform for AOP is currently AspectJ, an extension to the Java language. It is the language that will be used here for examples.


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Tyrannus Apostolic Church

Tyrannus Apostolic Church is a South African Pentecostal church founded in 2000 by Simon Mokoena.

History
The church was founded in 2000 in Qwaqwa South South Africa by Apostle Simon Mokoena and expanded to an estimated 1 million members to date.

title: Tyrannus Apostolic Church


text:
Josh Dasilva

Pelenda Joshua Tunga Dasilva (born 23 October 1998) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for club Brentford.

Dasilva is a graduate of Arsenal's Hale End Academy. In search of a pathway into senior football, he transferred to Brentford in 2018. He was capped by England at youth level.

Arsenal
Dasilva began his career with Arsenal and joined the club's Hale End academy at the age of eight. He progressed through the ranks and moved from left wing to forward, before settling into a box-to-box midfield role, under the guidance of Thierry Henry and Kwame Ampadu. After scoring 28 goals during the first year of his scholarship, he signed his first professional contract in August 2015 and was an unused substitute for the first team on two occasions during the 2016–17 season. Dasilva was an unused substitute on seven occasions during the first half of the 2017–18 season and made three appearances, all in EFL Cup matches. Despite progressing into the U23 team, Dasilva failed to see a pathway into the first team squad turned down a new contract at the end of the 2017–18 season. He was released on 30 June 2018.

2018–19
On 21 August 2018, Dasilva joined Championship club Brentford on a four-year contract, with the option of an further year, on a free transfer. After overcoming some fitness issues, he made his debut as a substitute for Josh McEachran late in a 2–0 win over Millwall on 3 November 2018. Either side of the New Year, Dasilva made sporadic substitute appearances in league matches and made two FA Cup starts, before breaking into the starting lineup in March 2019. On 19 April 2019, he scored the first senior goal of his career in the return match versus Millwall, with "an unstoppable curling effort into the top corner from 30 yards", which saved a 1–1 draw. Dasilva finished the 2018–19 season with 21 appearances and one goal.

2019–20
After beginning the 2019–20 season in a substitute role, Dasilva heeded head coach Thomas Frank's call to up his work rate and intensity. He subsequently broke into the starting lineup in early October 2019 and came into form, scoring six goals in a 10-match spell, which included the first hat-trick of his career in a 7–0 win over Luton Town on 30 November. His November 2019 performances saw him nominated for the EFL Championship Player of the Month award. By the time Brentford's season ended with defeat in the 2020 Championship play-off final, Dasilva had made 47 appearances and scored 10 goals.

2020–21
During the 2020–21 season, after seven appearances and two goals, Dasilva signed a new four-year contract on 4 October 2020. His performance and goal in a 1–0 EFL Cup quarter-final victory over Premier League club Newcastle United on 22 December was recognised with a place in the EFL Cup Team of the Round. In the following round versus Tottenham Hotspur, Dasilva was sent off for the first time in his senior career after receiving a straight red card for a challenge on Pierre-Emile Højbjerg. By the time his season was ended by a hip injury in late February 2021, Dasilva had made 35 appearances and scored seven goals. In his absence, Brentford were promoted to the Premier League after victory in the 2021 Championship play-off final.

2021–22
Having spent four of the previous six months on crutches, Dasilva was left off Brentford's 25-man Premier League squad for the first half of the 2021–22 season. After the window transfer window closed, he was named in the club's updated 25-man Premier League squad. Following two behind closed doors friendly appearances, Dasilva made his first competitive appearance of the season as a substitute for Mads Roerslev after 72 minutes of a 4–1 FA Cup fourth round defeat to Everton on 5 February 2022. Dasilva was sent off on his fourth league appearance on 26 February and a hamstring injury suffered while suspended saw him miss a further seven weeks. He played the remainder of the season in a substitute role and ended the campaign with 10 appearances.

2022–23
Following off-season training with a personal coach, alongside former Arsenal teammate Marcus McGuane, Dasilva returned fully fit for the 2022–23 season and he scored in each of his first two appearances of the regular season. Dasilva's 39 appearances was his highest tally since the 2019–20 season, though two-thirds of them came as a substitute. Dasilva's opening day goal versus Leicester City (one of four goals he scored during the season) was cited as Brentford head coach Thomas Frank's "moment of the season", who admitted he "got emotional just thinking about it. (Dasilva's) been out for 18 months; almost a year, then a setback and another setback".

2023–24
Following his first appearance of the 2023–24 season, in Brentford's second match of the campaign, Dasilva missed more than four months due to a hamstring injury. He returned to match play with a start in a 1–1 FA Cup third round draw with Wolverhampton Wanderers on 5 January 2024. Following three further appearances, he suffered a season-ending "significant" knee ligament injury in training in early February, for which he underwent surgery. On 17 May 2024, it was announced that Dasilva had signed a new one-year contract, with the option of a further year.

International career
Dasilva was a part of the England U19 squad which won the 2017 UEFA European U19 Championship and made three appearances in the tournament. He appeared in each match of the U20 team's 2017–18 Under 20 Elite League campaign and was a late inclusion in the squad for the 2019 Toulon Tournament. Dasilva won five caps and scored one goal for England at U21 level, all in 2021 UEFA European U21 Championship qualifying matches. In February 2020, Dasilva stated that he would be open to playing for Angola and in May 2023, he was contacted by DR Congo.

Personal life
Dasilva is of Angolan descent. He attended Beal High School in Redbridge, London.

Honours
England U19
 * UEFA European U19 Championship: 2017

title: Josh Dasilva


text:
cry blue murder

Verb

 * 1) To make an unwarranted fuss.
 * If told that they could not stay up late the children would cry blue murder.

title: cry blue murder