text:
Wikipedia:Templates for deletion/Log/2006 March 22

Template:Currentpast

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the template below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the template's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 19:02, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

What is the point of this template? Talrias (t | e | c) 23:28, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as an affront to reason --DV8 2XL 00:52, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete the only use would be the satirical placement on a userpage. -Xol 01:59, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete and BJAODN. ~MDD4696 03:32, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete pointless  Wh e  re  (talk) 16:03, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete pointless --Quiddity 21:15, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete Ridiculous as per above. Chairman S.  Talk  11:23, 24 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. --Khoikhoi 05:16, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete funny, but - cohesion  t 09:52, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Giggle. Errr... I mean... Delete — Cuivi é  nen , Wednesday, 29 March 2006 @ 20:46 (UTC)
 * Delete Funny because it is useless. Brian Jason Drake 01:53, 30 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It's been 11 days and there has been a unanimous decision to delete! What's going on? Brian Jason Drake 03:34, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the template's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

Template:Catbar

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the template below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the template's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. --MarkSweep (call me collect) 00:28, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

Categories · Glossaries · Lists · Overviews · Portals · Questions · Reference · Site news · A-Z Index  Arts | Biography | Culture | Geography | History | Mathematics | Philosophy | Science | Society | Technology

The template above shows up at the top of 355 categories; here are some examples: Category:Alternative education, Category:National trusts, Category:Wikipedia administration, Category:High-temperature superconductors, etc. I fail to see that template's relevance in those categories, and almost all of others. At most, I would think that template should have only the bottom row, and show up only in the categories actually listed there (10 of them). But even there it is not necessary I think, as those are grouped together in Category:Top 10 anyway. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 23:13, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Also, the surest way of browsing things is to just go to the Main Page, the globe in the upper left corner of any Wikipedia page, rather than from such a template. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 23:22, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Delete. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 23:13, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete. I completely agree. It's inconsistent and irregular use is confusing at best. - The DJ 00:21, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete. per both above, plus it is visual clutter, distracting and unfocused. --Quiddity
 * FWIW, It should be noted that this discussion began with the Template:Browsebar, and many of the arguments emcompass them both. (see Template_talk:Browsebar) --Quiddity

 * Delete as cruft --DV8 2XL 00:57, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep at least the top 10 cats. It is the browsebar in Browse. --Ancheta Wis 01:15, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * In Browse one may use a subst'ed version I think. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 01:47, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Well this template was created to eleviate confusion about the meaning of the subbar of browsebar. People thought that they would get Categories related to the subject, after they had clicked on "Categories" in the topbar. Perhaps the real problem here is browsebar ??? - The DJ 03:30, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes. see my comment a few lines above. --Quiddity

 * Comment: So the problem is that it's used everywhere. Deleting it (as I understand it) doesn't automatically remove it all from all those pages. Why not just remove it from those pages, rather than deleting the template itself? Stevage 16:39, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Per policy, it should not be removed from pages until this deletion discussion is closed. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 19:31, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

This array of Wikipedia's entry points is the most powerful and convenient tool to have on hand at any given moment, and that is why I have placed it on so many pages. It is the best tool to have available to begin a search when the search box has failed you. It, and its browsebar variations, were designed together to grace the top of every page within the directory systems they represent, to grant access to the top end of Wikipedia's overall directory system wherever the user happens to be along his or her current research path. Catbar is the categorical version of Browsebar, and so the subjects listed on its bottom line lead to categories rather than portals (as they do on the browsebar). Together, they are a familiar and convenient tool which many readers of Wikipedia have come to rely upon, myself included. The pages listed upon it need easy access granted to them, for they are the true front doors to the information contained within Wikipedia. Without this kind of access, the usability of Wikipedia will suffer, and the increase in the public's reliance upon Wikipedia as an information source will likely lag, as it did when the original category bar was temporarily removed years ago. This bar, by comparison, is far more useful. Please carefully consider each of the above points before making your decision. Thank you. Sincerely, --Go for it! 17:35, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Symbol support vote.png|15px]] ! Strong Keep - The essence of catbar is that it is a master menu to Wikipedia, and as such is its ultimate "look-up tool" and "browse aid". It was designed to assist newcomers and seasoned researchers alike immediate access to Wikipedia's overall structure, and assist them to most rapidly find whatever they are looking for, even if they don't quite know what that is.  The bottom line of the bar represents the ten categories at the top of Wikipedia's category system, allowing the user to restart his search at any time at any of the main subject categories of Wikipedia.  The top line represents all of the main directories of Wikipedia: its tables of contents and its indices.  These are the places where users will most likely find anything they are trying to look up:
 * 1) Categories leads to an alternate top-end to Wikipedia's category system.
 * 2) Glossaries leads to all the mini-dictionaries within Wikipedia, in each of which the terms defined are live links to Wikipedia articles of the same name.
 * 3) Lists links to Wikipedia's master List of Lists, which includes the directly editable hierarchical tables of contents of Wikipedia, distinct from "categories" in that adding topics to these lists is a lot easier than adding an article to a category, and therefore they are better maintained, and with more levels viewable on any given page.
 * 4) Overviews is a browse page listing major topics, also known as "root" topics - almost every article in Wikipedia is linked through subtopics to the "overview articles" on that page.
 * 5) Portals is a master list of portals, which in turn provide an expose on major subject areas, and therefore provide another doorway to the various articles that make up each subject area within Wikipedia.
 * 6) Questions directs the user to all the places on Wikipedia where they can ask and get their questions answered, whether help-related, or relating to subject matter they are trying to learn.
 * 7) Reference leads to Wikipedia's version of an almanac, and is a huge list of the reference tables included throughout Wikipedia.
 * 8) Site news is a central location through which to find out what is going on with Wikipedia.
 * 9) Index is an alphabetical listing of all the articles on Wikipedia.

 * The ultimate way of browsing Wikipedia is (and should be) the Main Page, which is always one click away. Either that, or Community Portal is acessible from the "Navigation" bar on the left. There is no need for one more navigation tool. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 19:34, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * "and that is why it is displayed on so many pages."
 * It is displayed on so many pages, because You have added around 300 of them since December. --Quiddity 21:14, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Those arguments are fine, and I've arguments why I want a special "My Watchlist" for Wikipedia and Meta everywhere. It's easy, I just added it near the top of my user page also on Meta, I didn't put it on each and every page annoying others with my personal preferences. Try the same with Catbar and similar stuff, offer it for user pages, maybe integrate in welcome templates used by you, everybody is entitled to create his or her very own personal portal. -- Omniplex 17:27, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Delete. Whenever I see this template in a category, I feel that it doesn't belong there and just clutters up the category. Shanes 21:01, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete. per Oleg. --Aude ( talk | contribs ) 22:41, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete - I never liked it, I never used it. Renata 23:55, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment. If you/anyone does find the links that useful, then we should integrate more of them into one of the Main Page / Community Portal / Help:Contents / WP:Help pages, where they belong.--Quiddity The portals/cats are the least useful part, and are easily accessed via the main page still, so those should be more of a non-issue to remove. --Quiddity 00:01, 24 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete Fine on the main page, a pain anywhere else. ReeseM 02:02, 24 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment – if it does get deleted, some pages (such as Browse) will need to have browsebar added instead – Gurch 12:33, 24 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Tentative Keep I think the bottom half (and maybe the link to Browse) should be kept and used only on the 10 pages it lists.Suicidalhamster 15:00, 24 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Tentative Keep -- Like Suicidalhamster, I find this only makes sense when used in the top levels of categories or navigation methods. It lets you know that you are at the top of a hierarchy and lets you move to other forms of navigation or topics. -- Samuel Wantman 20:43, 24 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment It's using in too many category pages. -- [[User:Korean alpha for knowledge|Korean alpha for knowledge ]] (Talk / Contributions) 06:17, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Strong keep - it's a useful template, allowing browsing between different categories. -- infinity  0  12:58, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete - I already delete whenever it shows up on a category I'm watching. It should never have been used except at the highest levels. --William Allen Simpson 13:50, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as excessively annoying behaviour. Let author create it again and use it sparingly on a few selected pages like WP:H. -- Omniplex 13:59, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep. Replace it on the relevant pages, but don't delete it. It's been a mainstay at Wikipedia for sometime, and I'm sure it has some use. Эйрон Кинни  (t) 07:57, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete We need, at most, one of these templates - cohesion  t 09:51, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Conditional Keep per Ancheta Wis. This template is useful in the top-level categories to navigate between them, but its placement beyond them is pointless proliferation.--cj | talk 07:23, 28 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep! I agree with Go for it!. It's very helpfull navigation, at least for me. The search through the lot of information in Wikipedia is essentiall to maintain as easy and as quick as possible. Save people's time. The argument, that main page is just click away is fine, but that click (and than another for navigation, and than another for item and than back and forth..) could be needless. Keep it at least for the top of a hierarchy.  R eo  ON   |   + + +  19:33, 28 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment What about putting it in every category and customizing it using the stylesheet? There could be an option on the options page to do this automatically, and each Wikipedia would then be able to easily change the default (I don't know if any other Wikipedias have considered this). Brian Jason Drake 04:16, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * To start with, that browsebar is not really relevant there. And the default Wikipedia interface has enough sidebars and menubars to warrant introducing a new one in every category. :) Oleg Alexandrov (talk)
 * "To start with, that browsebar is not really relevant there." I don't understand. Brian Jason Drake 05:01, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I mean the browsebar (catbar) is not relevant in categories, so there means categories, to follow up on your comment above. :) Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 05:09, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * But surely a template outlining the category system is relevant when browsing it? Brian Jason Drake 08:42, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I think that this discussion is confusing. There are templates called "catbar" (links to categories) and "browsebar" (links to portals). These templates look identical. Obviously I am suggesting that we have the catbar and not the browsebar in the categories. Brian Jason Drake 03:33, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Delete Ugly clutter. People who want to use these links can always find them easily enough. CalJW 14:11, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, but possibly subst it into the top level categories only. the wub "?!"  14:42, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Don't subst it! What if we want to change it, or if we want to change which categories are top level? It will also add clutter to any page that uses it. Brian Jason Drake 01:50, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Delete Wikipedia's nice clean interface is one of its good points. Nathcer 14:50, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Her Pegship 23:42, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Note to closing admin. If decided to remove this template from all categories, I can use a bot to do that. ~300 categories is a lot of work by hand. :) Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 04:02, 30 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment: - Delete at the discretion of interested parties. The template is useful and attractive on the Portal:Architecture where people expect to be ported around. It can be mis-leading, though - I expected to get the specific "Categories" or "Lists" within  category "foo'" the first time I tried the template, but was instead pulled out of context to the global Wikipedia. People know what they want when they navigate to a category, and might mistake the template links as going deeper into the topic, instead of popping back up to top levels. – Dogears (talk) 22:52, 30 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Portals use a different template altogether. They use Template:Browsebar.--cj | talk 23:08, 30 March 2006 (UTC)
 * As i said in my vote (3rd from top) - It should be noted that this discussion began with the Template:Browsebar, and many of the arguments emcompass them both. (see Template talk:Browsebar). The proponents of the one will probably move on to the other next. And the same arguments all apply (except that the browsebar does have at least 1 required use in the old main page design Main Page alternative (Classic 2004), and possibly others.) --Quiddity 02:10, 31 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete. I can't see the point.  Noisy | Talk 10:58, 31 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Strong delete Duplicates existing facilties and looks messy. It is there whether you want it or not and it seems that many users don't want it. Osomec 05:22, 1 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete The main page is always readily accessible and contains all the necessary links. Athenaeum 06:27, 1 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep, as it's a useful navigation tool — but not in 355 categories! Just the top 10, and the fundamental categories will do.  In fact, maybe even just the top 10 (and other pages like Wikipedia:Browse).  Neonumbers 10:04, 2 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete If it's kept it won't stay in just 10 categories so it should be deleted. Calsicol 05:19, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
 * We accept other policies. What makes you think we can't restrict this to 10 categories? Does it really matter if it appears in other categories anyway, given that anyone can remove it? Brian Jason Drake 05:33, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
 * What about all the vandals that don't follow policy? What about all the people who won't be aware that such an obscure policy even exists? Enforcing it is a struggle that doesn't need to be inflicted on the community. Calsicol 22:57, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Soft delete. In the interest of "least surprise", I think that categories is the wrong place for this template. This is because when a user clicks on a category, the person has a certain expectation about what he or she will find there. This template would seem to be tangential to that purpose, since the entries in the "Catbar" really have nothing to do with the category. For the latter reason, it might even cause confusion if a person were to click on an entry in the bar believing it will take him or her to a subject related to the category. Nonetheless, a "subject bar" might have uses elsewhere. -,-~ R 'lyeh R isin g  ~-,- 23:12, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
 * There are a couple of hints as to the global nature of this template - the second line is obviously global and it has a link to "categories" on the category page. However, if this is not clear enough, could we make it clearer by formatting it differently (putting it above the tabs on the MonoBook skin?)? Brian Jason Drake 02:57, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

 * comment. The top half is a diminished list of the options at Category_schemes. The bottom half is a diminished list of the main titles at Browse. A good alternative to this catbar, might be to just improve the Wikipedia:Category_schemes page, and have a link to that on the Main Page (it's currently linked from the bottom of the Wikipedia:Browse sidebar).--Quiddity 04:49, 4 April 2006 (UTC)
 * All templates are just summaries of what can be found on other articles. However good those articles are, templates have their place. Your alternative might be good, but not because the template is just a couple of diminished lists. Brian Jason Drake 05:03, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Delete It looks messy and these facilities are covered by the links on the main page. Hawkestone 23:01, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

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Template:WireImage.com

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The result of the debate was delete. --MarkSweep (call me collect) 06:08, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

Template's only text is "Free for use as long as watermark is kept intact." WireImage copyright policy says "All Rights Reserved." and "This Website may contain photographs of clothing, fashion collections and trademarks which are protected by intellectual property laws and which cannot be used or reproduced, in whole or part, without the prior written consent of the owners, or their authorized licensees, of such intellectual property." Fallout boy 08:18, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete since we try not to have images with watermarks attached on the images, and once the editor removes the said watermark, then we will violate the terms of the template. User:Zscout370 (Return Fire) 21:12, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above --Quiddity 21:16, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom.--– sampi ( talk • contrib • email ) 22:04, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

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Template:Infobox Veronica Mars Television episode and Template:Infobox Veronica Mars television episode

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the template below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the template's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 19:06, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

These appear to have been created by a user who didn't understand the template (the history at Pilot (Veronica Mars episode) shows that he eventually figured things out). The templates don't work, and are unused. TimBentley 02:55, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete Useless. Chairman S.  Talk  06:00, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete right now - The DJ 00:25, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete worthless --DV8 2XL 00:52, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nomination. ~MDD4696 03:33, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. --Khoikhoi 05:16, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

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Orbiter (sim) templates

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the template below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the template's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. --MarkSweep (call me collect) 06:10, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

Template:Infobox Orbitersim NavBeaconListFirst, Template:Infobox Orbitersim NavBeaconListNext, Template:Infobox Orbitersim NavBeaconListLast, Template:Infobox Orbitersim spaceport, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim spacecraft width, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spacecraft Width, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spacecraft N/A, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spacecraft DockingPort, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spacecraft Wingspan, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spacecraft NoDockingPort, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spacecraft 1DockingPort, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spacecraft 2DockingPorts, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spacecraft 3DockingPorts, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spacecraft NoDockingPorts, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 2DockingPorts, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 4DockingPorts, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station DockingPort, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 1DockingPort, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station NavBeacon, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 1NavBeacon, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 2NavBeacons, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 3NavBeacons, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 4NavBeacons, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 5NavBeacons, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 6NavBeacons, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 7NavBeacons, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 1Module, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 7Modules, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 2Modules, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 3Modules, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 4Modules, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 5Modules, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 6Modules, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station NoModules, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station NoNavBeacons, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station NoDockingPorts, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 3DockingPorts, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 5DockingPorts, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Space Station 6DockingPorts, Template:Infobox Orbitersim Scenario3, Template:Infobox Orbitersim Scenario3Pic, Template:Infobox Orbitersim 3Thumbnail Gallery, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spacecraft Engine, Template:Infobox Orbitersim 3StageRocket, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport NoVOR, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 2NAVs, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport VOR, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport NAV, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport ILS, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 3ILSs, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 2ILSs, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 1ILS, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 9NAVs, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 8NAVs, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 7NAVs, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 3NAVs, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 4NAVs, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 5NAVs, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 5VORs, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 4VORs, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 3VORs, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 2VORs, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 1VOR, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport NAV-Header, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 6NAVs, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport NoILS, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport ILS-Header, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport VOR-Header, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport Launchpad, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport Launchpad-Item, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 1Nav, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 2Runways, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport Nav-Header, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 4Launchpads, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 1Runway, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 10Launchpads, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 3Launchpads, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport NoRunways, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport 4GLaunchpads, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport GLaunchpad-Header, Template:Infoboxelement Orbitersim Spaceport GLaunchpad-Item User:0.39 did a lot of work on Orbiter (sim) related articles, and the articles and most categories were deleted per Articles for deletion/Orbiter stuff. However, the templates were not deleted. Naturally, none of the dozen or so templates I checked were in use. TimBentley 03:16, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete Unused and redundant. Chairman S.  Talk  05:59, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete obviously - The DJ 00:29, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete crying out for deletion --DV8 2XL 00:55, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete. Surely there could be a more economical solution to all these reduntants. -Xol 02:01, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. --Khoikhoi 05:16, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the template's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Ææqwerty/sandbox

nhbb = Air =

Not to be confused with oxygen, which is a common but incorrect term for air.

Air is the blend of gases that composes Earth‘s atmosphere. Its composition is as follows: 78% nitrogen, 20% oxygen in the from of O2, 1% argon and 0.04% other gases including carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane and various noble gases. It is often incorrectly referred to as oxygen  but is mostly nitrogen. It is often used as a working fluid due to it being easily available and not having any particularly problematic aspects except in some cases such as refrigeration. It has a sufficiently high concentration of oxygen for humans to be able breath and fire to spread but it may need fan forcing to increase temperature.

Safety
If breathed in as part of a SCUBA apparatus or similar then nitrogen narcosis may occur. Nitrogen narcosis is a reversible form intoxication which is similar to alcohol or nitrous oxide intoxication that is caused by inhaling nitrogen. Oxygen toxicity can occur when breathing air as it is caused by high partial pressure of oxygen. Mild symptoms include disorientation and vision changes but more severe symptoms include retinal detachment, cell membrane oxidation and alveoli collapse. As a compressed gas has similar hazards to an inert gas such as possible explosion upon heating or damage from its own speed but if breathed in pollutants such as carbon monoxide may reach a dangerous partial pressure. It is an oxidiser and is often blown onto fires to increase temperature but It does not have sufficient oxygen to prevent unburned gases. As a cryogenic liquid it becomes a more potent oxidiser (due to the liquid oxygen), intensifying fire as well as causing freeze burns. In extreme conditions such as UV bombardment, electrical arcs and high temperatures it may partially convert into NOX  compounds and ozone, both of which are toxic. It is mildly corrosive to steel and iron due to its oxygen content but this can be mitigated easily.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Ææqwerty/sandbox


text:
Learning Java/Deployment

Ok, there are different ways of deploying Java programs, but for right now I am going to add an easy one.

Jar Files
Jar files are basically .zip files but which basically contain all the class files and resource files for the program to work. So, it is possible to change a jar's file extension to .zip and unzip it to modify or view it's contents. There is also another important small file. It is the MANIFEST.MF file in the META-INF folder inside the jar file. This file is basically a text file so you can open it up with notepad or some text editor and change it. In the file it usually says "Manifest-Version:" and then the version number, which is 1.0 by default I think. To make your jar file execute when double-clicked, you must add on the line right below it "Main-Class:" and then the name of the class with the main method or the class file you want to execute when you double click the jar file. If it is in folders or packages you must reference it like com.google.talk where talk.class will be the class that will execute.

So, for example:

Main-Class: HelloWorld

This basically means that the HelloWorld class file in the top level of the jar file will be executed when double-clicked on. That's about it.

title: Learning Java/Deployment


text:
User:JPGautam003/sandbox

Tiranga is a fictional superhero appearing in the Indian comic Raj Comics. He was first appeared in a Raj Commic Installment named Danga, published January 1, 1995. He is similar to American superhero Captain America appearing in Marvel Comics, as both superheroes holds a shield, and both are dressed in attire of their respective countries flags. His secret identity is Abhay Deshpande also known as Bharat Deshpande. He is a super patriot, he uses his tri-colored shield to fight and protect himself.

title: User:JPGautam003/sandbox


text:
1872 Parramatta colonial by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Parramatta on 20 May 1872 caused by the resignation of sitting member Hugh Taylor immediately after the election as he had received conflicting legal advice as to whether his contract to supply articles to a destitute institution disqualified him from office. He was concerned that the Committee of Elections and Qualifications was hostile to the Parkes ministry which he supported.

Results
Hugh Taylor resigned because a contract he had may have been an office of profit under the crown.

title: 1872 Parramatta colonial by-election


text:
St. Brice's Church, Gościęcin

St. Brice's Church in Gościęcin, Poland, is a historic, wooden shrine belonging to the Parish of the Assumption of the Holy Virgin Mary in Gościęcin.

The church was built in 1661 (renovated in 1880 and dedicated to St. Brice). Formerly, in its location stood a wooden chapel from 1594. The church was funded by Marta and Marcin Wolff, the latter the owner of the sołectwo in Gościęcin. The church was built on the peripheries of the village, on a nearby hill. There, in its peripheries stands a water well (St. Brice's Well), which is given healing properties. Additionally, there is a hermitage in the area (from before 1870), presently transformed into a mountain hut. The whole church area is known as Bryksy.

title: St. Brice's Church, Gościęcin


text:
Rutherford

Etymology
+ . The first element is from.

Proper noun

 * 1)  from a place where there was once a settlement in the Scottish borders.

title: Rutherford


text:
WDYZ

WDYZ may refer to:

 * WDYZ (AM), a radio station (660 AM) licensed to Altamonte Springs, Florida, United States
 * WORL (AM), a radio station (950 AM) licensed to Orlando, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WDYZ in August 2019
 * WTLN (AM), a radio station (990 AM) licensed to Orlando, Florida, which held the call sign WDYZ from 2001 to 2019
 * WWRI (AM), a radio station (1450 AM) licensed to West Warwick, Rhode Island, United States, which held the call sign WDYZ from 1998 to 2000

title: WDYZ


text:
LDA City

LDA City is a housing estate located within union council 146 (Kahna Nau) in Nishtar Tehsil of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

title: LDA City


text:
to the full

Prepositional phrase

 * 1) Fully; completely.
 * 2) Without any reservation; taking the greatest advantage of the situation.
 * 1) Without any reservation; taking the greatest advantage of the situation.
 * 1) Without any reservation; taking the greatest advantage of the situation.

Translations

 * Finnish:, ,
 * Polish: na całego, na całość,
 * Spanish: a tope, hasta las trancas

title: to the full


text:
Ryuji Imada

Ryuji Imada (今田 竜二) is a U.S.-based Japanese professional golfer.

Biography
Imada was born in Mihara, Hiroshima. He came to the United States when he was 14 to attend a Tampa golf academy for Asian players. His instructor was (and still is) Richard Abele, who became his legal guardian. Under Abele's teaching, he won several of the top tournaments on the amateur circuit and reached the final of the 1997 U.S. Amateur Public Links. His accomplishments in the American Junior Golf Association led to a scholarship to University of Georgia, where he played for two years and helped the Bulldogs win the 1999 NCAA title.

Imada turned professional in 1999. From 2000 to 2004 he played on the second tier Nationwide Tour, winning the 2000 Buy.com Virginia Beach Open and the 2004 BMW Charity Pro-Am at The Cliffs. On the Monday following his win, Imada fired a back-nine score of 29 in U.S. Open qualifying at Scotch Valley, in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. He was the medalist, with a score of 64, and advanced to sectional qualifying. His third-place finish on the 2004 money list earned him promotion to the PGA Tour.

In Imada's first season at the elite level, he had a best placing of fifth and earned enough money to retain his tour card for 2006. In the 2006 U.S. Open, he fired closing rounds of 69 and 71 to finish in a tie for 12th. His 69 in round three was one of only six under par rounds during a brutal weekend at Winged Foot.

In 2007, Imada had his best finish on the PGA Tour, finishing in 2nd place at the AT&T Classic, winning $583,200. In 2008, Imada again finished in 2nd place at the Buick Invitational, moving him into the top 100 of the Official World Golf Rankings. In May 2008 he won his first PGA Tour tournament at the AT&T Classic, beating Kenny Perry in a playoff, and reached the top 50 of the world rankings for the first time.

Imada was unable to follow up his win and split his time among the PGA Tour, Web.com Tour, and Japan Golf Tour.

Amateur wins
this list may be incomplete
 * 1995 Porter Cup, AJGA Tournament of Champions
 * 1996 Azalea Invitational

PGA Tour wins (1)
PGA Tour playoff record (1–1)

Nationwide Tour wins (2)
Nationwide Tour playoff record (1–0)

Results in major championships
{{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" = tied

Results in The Players Championship
CUT = missed the halfway cut "T" indicates a tie for a place

Results in World Golf Championships
{{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} "T" = Tied Note that the HSBC Champions did not become a WGC event until 2009.

Team appearances

 * World Cup (representing Japan): 2008, 2009

title: Ryuji Imada


text:
Pollyfilla

Pollyfilla (aka Colin McLean) (born August 1978 ) is a drag queen originally from Wellington, New Zealand. The drag persona of Colin McLean, Pollyfilla, through the years has become well known not only to Wellington's queer community, but the wider community and New Zealand as a whole, performing regularly at social and community events, attending LGBT rights rallies, entertaining on stage, film and television, as well as being the mainstay for drag entertainment at Wellington's popular gay venue POUND Nightclub and Bar.

She has also hosted or performed in front of thousands at the New Year's Eve celebration in Civic Square, Wellington. In June 2004, Pollyfilla and Colin McLean were featured at the Out Takes 2004 Lesbian & Gay Film Festival in a production which combined documentary footage with live performance.

Recognition
Described as a "Wellington icon" by mayor Kerry Prendergast in 2005, Pollyfilla performed annually during the Summer City festivities in Wellington and opens many LGBT themed events and exhibitions. For several years she was the mistress of ceremonies at the annual Wellington Gay and Lesbian Fair and was frequently the host of the Miss Drag Wellington: Queen of Queens pageant. Ironically, Pollyfilla has never won the wellington title. In 2006 she starred in "The Life and Times of the Divine Miss P," described as "a sparkly, singing and dancing camp parody" with a color-coded troupe of dancers called The Dazzling Fillettes. The sold-out show was held at the BATS Theatre. Pollyfilla has been honoured many times for her work for the LGBT community and her contributions to Wellington's cultural fabric.

In January 2018, Pollyfilla was inducted in to the Melbourne Drag Awards Hall of Fame.

Currently
McLean moved from Wellington in late 2006 to Melbourne, Australia, where Pollyfilla obtained a starring role in one of Melbourne's leading drag troupes, “New Sensation”. When New Sensation disbanded, Polly took on a starring role in the Xchange Hotel's production of Priscilla, Queen Of The Desert. Following the closure of this Thursday night production, Polly was offered the "Diva" role at The Commercial Hotel in Yarraville (West Melbourne), currently running Gay themed nights on Thursdays with specially selected guest performers and on Saturday nights with themed production shows. After a successful Christmas production show at the end of 2007, Polly returned with "That 1960s Show", also featuring the talents of Ooh La Roo and Coco LeBon. Early in 2008, Polly brought her one-woman show "Pollywood" across to Melbourne at Chapel Off Chapel. The Autumn season of "Diva Fever" saw Polly co-star with follow drag performer Missy Normous and guest performers. This production saw great success culminating with the finale in late April 2008, adding the first male diva guest to the lineup - Elvis. Polly's production show "Sex and The City" (tying in with the film in June 2008) showed at The Commercial Hotel during winter 2008 with three of Melbourne's top drag performers joining her for the drag event in Melbourne of that year.

Colin McLean
Colin McLean was born in Wellington in August 1978, spending the first five years of his life in Raumati South and then moving with his family to Petone, a suburb of Lower Hutt. He attended Petone College, but dropped out before graduation, and took a job delivering mail at a Wellington law firm, where he worked for two and a half years. During this time, he began to do drag, designing and sewing his own costumes because it was less expensive than buying or renting costumes. McLean is openly gay.

As his designs became more complex, he applied to Wellington Polytechnic, where he was accepted into a two-year Fashion Diploma course. Finding its program inconsistent, he dropped out after one year, then enrolled at a government funded private training establishment (PTE) Bowerman School of Design six months later. He completed this program (although private, courses are taxpayer funded, elementary level) and went on to become a retail assistant for a fancy dress shop before leaving to work as a freelance designer and performer.

As a freelance designer, McLean has designed costumes for such shows as Hone Koukas—Home Fires, Awhi Tapu, and Strata (all produced by Taki Rua Productions), Gravity, The Expert, and others. McLean has appeared in drag on the television shows The Strip and Good Morning and in the films Stickmen and The Irrefutable Truth About Demons. His work as a theatrical costume designer and drag performer has been displayed at the Museum of New Zealand and The Dowse Art Museum.

title: Pollyfilla


text:
repairman

Noun

 * 1) A man whose job is to repair things

Translations

 * Czech:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:, korjausmies
 * French: ,
 * Hungarian:, , ,
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: reparatør
 * Nynorsk: reparatør
 * Polish:, ,
 * Portuguese: reparador
 * Romanian:, reparatoare
 * Spanish: ,

title: repairman


text:
facula

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  A bright spot or patch between sunspots.

Translations

 * Arabic: صَيْخَد
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Esperanto: suntorĉo
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian: facula
 * Latin: facula
 * Luxembourgish: Sonnefakel
 * Macedonian: факула
 * Portuguese: fácula
 * Romanian: faculă solară
 * Russian: солнечный фа́кел

Etymology
Diminutive from.

Noun

 * 1) small torch

authors: عبد الجليل 09

title: facula


text:
The Colours of Zoth Ommog

The Colours of Zoth Ommog is a various artists compilation album released in 1994 by Zoth Ommog Records. Songs by Blok 57, Leæther Strip, Lights of Euphoria, Mentallo & The Fixer, Psychopomps, Spahn Ranch and X Marks the Pedwalk were previously unreleased in the bands' main discography. Spahn Ranch's "Failsafe", which later appeared on their compilation is incorrectly listed in the liner noted as being from the Breath and Taxes EP.

Reception
Music From the Empty Quarter recommended The Colours of Zoth Ommog and said "Zoth Ommog's compilations generally give a good insight into the full-length offerings on the label."

Personnel
Adapted from The Colours of Zoth Ommog liner notes.

 * Vernon Baur – photography
 * Michael Goolaerts – additional guitar (1)
 * Hype Graphics – design
 * George Hagegeorge – remixer (11)
 * Sevren Ni-Arb – remixer (5)
 * Thorsten Marx – production (12)

title: The Colours of Zoth Ommog


text:
People's Life First

People's Life First (国民の生活が第一) was a short-lived political party in Japan. It had 37 out of the 480 seats in the House of Representatives, and 12 in the 242-member House of Councillors. On 28 November 2012, the party merged into Governor of Shiga Yukiko Kada's Japan Future Party based in Ōtsu.

Foundation
The party was founded by Ichiro Ozawa and 48 other diet members who were in the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) after the DPJ government of Yoshihiko Noda voted to increase the consumption tax from 5% to 10%. The inaugural meeting was held at the parliamentary museum on 11 July 2012. The diet members included 37 lower house members and 12 upper house members. By the end of the month the party had become the third largest in the lower house behind the DPJ and the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the fourth largest bloc in the upper house behind the DPJ, LDP, and New Komeito.

Plans for alliances
Ozawa told his aides: "It'll be all right if we do it like the Olive Tree Coalition." Possible coalition partners would be the Osaka Restoration Association of Osaka mayor Toru Hashimoto, New Party Daichi – True Democrats, the Genzei Nippon party of Takashi Kawamura, the Aichi is Top of Japan party of Hideaki Ōmura and a possible party to be founded by Tokyo governor Shintaro Ishihara. He may also seek an alliance with the Social Democratic Party.

On 9 July 2012, Governor Takuya Tasso of Iwate Prefecture, historical home to the Ozawa family and the district that Ozawa represents, announced that he would cut ties with the DPJ and join the new party.

Motions against Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda
On 3 August 2012, the People's Life First in concert with six other minor opposition parties (The Kizuna Party, Japanese Communist Party, Social Democratic Party, Your Party, New Party Nippon (which has no lower-house lawmaker) and the New Renaissance Party) agreed to submit a no confidence motion against Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda in an effort to block the passage of the bill raising Japan's consumption tax from 5% to 10%. In the Japanese diet the support of 51 lawmakers is required to submit a co-confidence motion to the lower house. The motion was submitted to the House of Representatives on 7 August 2012, along with a censure motion against Noda in the House of Councillors. The main opposition Liberal Democratic Party was also considering its own no-confidence motion and censure motions if Noda did not agree to call a general election. The no-confidence motion was voted down 246 to 86, with the DPJ voting against and the LDP and its partner New Komeito deciding to be absent from the vote after Noda agreed to hold elections "soon".

On 29 August 2012, the House of Councillors passed a censure motion against Noda based on the one previously submitted by the seven opposition parties. The LDP and New Komeito had also been preparing their own censure motion but in the end the LDP, which had supported Noda's consumption tax increase, supported the censure motion of the other seven parties, while New Komeito abstained. While the censure motion was non-binding, the opposition parties planned to boycott the remaining sitting days before the diet session finished on September 8, preventing further legislation from being passed.

Addition of former Kizuna Party members
On November 15, 2012, after Noda called an early election for December 16, 2012, the Kizuna Party, which like People's Life First had been founded by DPJ defectors, decided to dissolve and merge with People's Life First. However, party leader Akira Uchiyama decided not to do so, instead planning to cooperate with former People's New Party leader Shizuka Kamei to form a third force in national politics. This change meant that the amount of lawmakers in the party would increase to 57, with 45 in the lower house and 12 members in the upper house.

Merger with Tomorrow Party of Japan and dissolution
Just prior to the December 16, 2012 General Election, the Diet members of the party joined the newly established Tomorrow Party of Japan, and the party was dissolved. The Tomorrow Party went into the election with 12 members in the upper house and 61 in the lower house, but performed poorly, with only nine members being re-elected.

Goals
The party opposed the increase in the consumption tax and plans to reduce nuclear energy to zero. Nevertheless, many saw the party's, especially Ozawa's, opposition to the increase in consumption tax and plans to maintain nuclear energy usage as simply being politically expedient positions.

title: People's Life First


text:
File:Wikio JWS Feb 6 2007.OGG

Summary
This audio file was made using clips from Wikimania 2006 and Image:Wikio 3.OGG.

A similar file is at. That file includes a description of the licensing.

title: File:Wikio JWS Feb 6 2007.OGG


text:
Linguistics/Syntax

The field of syntax looks at the mental 'rules' that we have for forming sentences and phrases. In English, for instance, it is grammatical to say 'I speak English', but ungrammatical to say 'English speak I' — this is because of a rule which says that subjects normally precede verbs which precede the object.

Academic syntacticians often study either the grammar of a particular language, or study the various theories of a generative grammar — a theory which claims there is a universal underlying grammar in our heads, which different languages activate in different ways. The main concern of generative grammar is discovering the grammatical rules which apply to all languages, and determining how the manifest differences in world languages can be accounted for.

However, there are many competing theories which do not make — or at least remain neutral on — such a strong claim regarding a universal grammar. They include construction grammar and cognitive linguistics. There are a number of grammatical theories that stand more or less in opposition to the perspectives of generative grammar, like systemic functional grammar or word grammar.

At the level of syntax, it is important to understand the distinction between grammaticality and semantic soundness. Sentences such as Me Tarzan, you Jane clearly make sense even though they sound "wrong". Conversely, the sentence Colorless green ideas sleep furiously, famously created by Noam Chomsky, doesn't sound 'wrong' in the way the last sentence did, but it is hard to imagine anything which it would describe. We can say that these two aspects of acceptability vary independently: grammaticality, or well-formedness, gives the rules for how sentences must be constructed, but does not restrict their content, while semantic acceptability may occur even in ill-formed sentences. When we say that something may occur grammatically, we mean that well-formedness is preserved, with complete disregard for semantics.

Units
The basic units of syntax are words and clitics. A word is the smallest free form in language that can be spoken in isolation or in varying positions within a sentence and retain its semantic and pragmatic content, which we can informally refer to as its meaning. As we've seen, a clitic is syntactically indistinguishable from a word, but, unlike a word, it is phonologically dependent upon some other constituent of a sentence.

Lexical categories
In general, words and clitics can be divided into groups called lexical categories. This grouping is accomplished by observing similarities in words and clitics according to several factors, such as their distribution within a sentence, the types of affixes that can be attached to them, and the type of meaning they express. All of these factors can be taken into account together because words and clitics that correlate well with each other according to one factor generally also correlate well according to the others. While classifications according to meaning or inflection can sometimes remain subject to significant ambiguity, tests of distribution are generally very reliable. Words of certain categories are restricted to occurring or not occurring alongside words of other specific categories, and these restrictions can allow simple determinations of category based on distributions to be made.

While syntactic categories can vary somewhat from language to language, most languages nonetheless possess a similar set of categories. A typical list of such categories with their most common linguistic abbreviations is given as follows:
 * Noun (N)
 * Proper noun (PN)
 * Pronoun (Pr)
 * Verb (V)
 * Adjective (A)
 * Adposition (P)
 * Adverb (Adv)
 * Degree word (Deg)
 * Auxiliary (Aux)
 * Modal auxiliary (Mod)
 * Interjection (I)
 * Determiner (D or Det)
 * Conjunction (Con)
 * Coordinate conjunction (Co)
 * Subordinate conjunction (Sub)

The twice-indented categories can often be treated as simply a part of the categories they fall under; treating them separately is unnecessary for the purposes of most basic syntactic investigation.

The last several categories in the list, from degree words onward, are referred to as functional categories in contrast with other lexical categories because their words have little lexical meaning but instead express such things as grammatical relationships and functions between other words in a sentence. Words that fit these criteria but cannot be comfortably placed in any group are sometimes given the generic label of particle (Par), though the term 'particle' generally refers to a much broader set of words and clitics than this, also encompassing some conjunctions, interjections, determiners, etc.

Constituent structure
Theories of syntax generally view sentences as being made up of constituents, which are either made up of constituents themselves or are irreducible units. Constituents which are made up of multiple words are traditionally known as phrases. For now, we provisionally use this traditional definition. However, some refinements of the theory of constituent structure give a different and more specific meaning to the term "phrase", which permits the existence of certain types of one-word phrases; we will encounter this meaning later.

Constituent Categories
For each lexical category, there is a corresponding constituent or phrasal category, and taken together, these are referred to as syntactic categories. Each constituent is assigned to one of these categories according to much the same criteria as those used for assigning words and clitics to lexical categories. Consequently, because of the reliable distribution factor, constituents of a category generally may always appear in the same position in a sentence. For instance, in the sentence

(1a) I see _____

Constituents of the same category as the big man (e.g. the doll, a fast, red car, this quickly-moving snowflake, Barack Obama) may occur in the gap, whereas constituents similar to "eats pie" (e.g. "drives fast", "writes a letter") cannot. Note that certain phrases similar to the acceptable constituents, such as doll or happy camper, do not. The particular structure that can fit into our blank will, for the purpose of this book, be called a noun phrase (NP).

Now, let's alter (1a) a bit and obfuscate the word see as well:

(1b) I _________

There are various types of phrases that can fit into this sentence, including fly, am completely fed up with this, read a book of linguistics and have been struggling for years to understand linguistics in vain. Note that the final sentence is still acceptable, even though it's very long. These are called verb phrases (VP) in this book.

There are two other basic types of phrases. They fit into (1c) and (1d) respectively:

(1c) I feel ______. (1d) There is a book ______.

(1c) can be filled by happy, foolish or a little squirmy. These are adjective phrases (AP). (1d) can be filled by on the table, in the drawer or at school. These are prepositional phrases (PP).

The type of analysis we are doing here is structural analysis. We are trying to analyse what sort of constituent we can plug inside a certain part of our sentence. However, this does not allow us to see the forest for the trees.

Constituent Analysis
Since our previous analysis has proven to be insufficient, we can take another approach, known as constituent analysis.

Hierarchical Organisation of Constituents
Yet constituent analysis is still not enough. In constituent analysis, we viewed our sentences as simple blocks of constituents that can be lumped together in various ways, but actual sentences in language do not work that way. Consider this sentence:

(2a) I hit the big man

Reflecting upon the meaning of this sentence, we see that there are three semantic components of what is being stated: Thus it seems natural that "I", "hit", and "the big man" should function as units, while "I hit the" and "hit the big" should not. This was not clear in our previous analysis.
 * 1) There is an action occurring, which is hitting.
 * 2) The speaker is the person performing the action.
 * 3) The big man is the person undergoing the action.

In addition, there seems to be a hierarchical organisation in the sentence. The phrase hit the big man likely makes sense to you, since it describes a real action: hitting a big man. However, I hit does not make sense: hit is a transitive verb which needs an object. This seems to tell us that I and hit the big man are two larger constituents, known as subject and predicate in traditional grammar. For now, sentence (2a) can be separated into constituents like this:

(2b) [I [hit [the big man] ] ]

We can fill up our bracketed sentence with our lexical and constituent categories to produce this:

(2c) S[ Pr[ I ] VP[ V[ hit ] NP[ Det[ the ] Adj[ big ] N[ man ] ] ] ]

Rewrite rules
Going back to our previous example, let's look at a larger set of phrases which can be inserted into (1a);
 * a cat; a dog; a fast, red car; a paper; a small toy
 * the big man; the doll; the house; the zebra
 * this Argentinian hyena; this umpire; this quickly-moving snowflake
 * that big-scale event; that wolf
 * every impressively large elephant; every person
 * Barack Obama; Nelson Mandela; Mao Zedong
 * He; she; it

What can we infer from these phrases? Well, we find that they have one of three structures:
 * Proper noun
 * Pronoun
 * Determiner + Noun, sometimes with an adjective in between

We can thus produce a rewrite rule:

(3a) NP → {PN, Pr, Det (Adj) N}

Where the braces indicate 'choose one from the set' and the round brackets indicate optionality.

Similarly, we can produce a rewrite rule for verb phrases and sentences:

(3b) VP → V (NP) (Adv) (3c) S → NP VP

All of the rewrite rules so far are phrase structure rules, which deal with phrases. We also need lexical rules to inject the lexicon into our grammar. Let's add some lexical rules: (3d) Pr → {he, she, it, I} (3e) PN → {Chomsky, Jackendoff, Pinker} (3f) Det → {this, that, the, a, my, some} (3g) Adj → {happy, green, lucky, colourless} (3h) N → {computer, book, homework idea} (3i) V → {defended, attacked, do, eat, slept, poisoned} (3j) Adv → {furiously, happily, noisily}

Using these rules, we can produce sentences:
 * 1) We start with a simple S.
 * 2) We rewrite S as NP VP.
 * 3) We rewrite NP as PN and VP as V.
 * 4) We rewrite NP as He and VP as slept.

This gives us our final sentence: He slept. Here are some other possible sentences:

 * Chomsky defended a green idea furiously.
 * This green computer attacked Jackendoff.
 * She poisoned Pinker noisily.
 * It slept furiously.

Obviously, our grammar is not perfect. There are many things that we did not take into account when we produced this very simplified grammar. However, this should give us a general idea of how rewrite rules work, and that will suffice in our beginner's book.

Syntax Trees
Bracketed sentences can get fairly ugly, as you've no doubt seen above. Most syntacticians now use another technique known as syntax trees to map sentences in a schematic manner.

Each of constituent is known as a node. Nodes are connected by branches. Lexical categories are terminal nodes as they do not branch out further.

Phrases are usually made of two constituents. This is known as the binary branching condition. The head is defined to be the obligatory element which gives the phrase its defining properties, generally including the constituent category of the phrase. For verb phrases, for example, the head is the verb.

For instance, this is the syntax tree of the sentence I hit the man:

You may be wondering how we could fit big in the sentence without violating the binary branching condition. In fact, there are more layers involved than meets the eye, but the other layers will not be presented here.

Movement
Recall from the introduction that sentences have a different structure in our minds than are actually produced. The process of deriving the surface structure from the deep structure is called movement since it involves moving things around. English has many types of movements that apply to a wide variety of situations. Compare:

(4a) It seems that Wikibooks is useful. (4b) Wikibooks seems to be useful. (5a) You will try to steal what? (5b) What will you try to steal? (6a) Volunteers wrote the Linguistics textbook. (6b) The Linguistics textbook was written by volunteers.

In the above set, the a-sentence is the deep structure, and the b-sentence is the surface structure. Note that (5a) is not normally produced except in the case of echo questions, such as the following situation:

(7a) A: The best website on the Internet is Wikipedia. (7b) B: The best website on the Internet is what?

B has echoed A's question because of disbelief, perhaps because he considers Wikibooks to be the single best website.

Let's look at one specific type of movement: inversion in interrogative sentences. Before we can do that, let's change our rewrite rules a bit:

(8a) S → NP (Aux) VP (8b) Aux → {will, may, might do}

This caters for sentences like this, which readers are likely intimately familiar with:

(9a) I will do my homework.

Now, let's turn it into a question:

(9b) Will I do my homework?

Can you generalise a rule for this type of inversion? Here it is:

(10) NP Aux VP ⇒ Aux NP VP

Let's wrap up by looking at the two trees.

Again, this does not satisfy the binary branching condition, but how to alter the tree to satisfy it is not within the scope of our book.

Adjuncts
One of the most important features of human language is the ability to process recursion, which is why it must be introduced in our book, even though it is a more advanced concept. When we have an NP a book, we can expand the NP several times: a book on the desk, a book on the desk in the classroom, etc. Each time, it remains a noun phrase. This is known as recursion.

[DIAGRAM HERE]

PPs are not the only phrases that can be added to another phrase recursively. Here are some other examples:
 * Adverbials: Colourless green ideas sleep furiously all day long.
 * Participle phrases: He was standing by the door impatiently, waiting for John.

Complement clauses
Another notable type of recursion in linguistics is the complement phrase. Consider the following:

I think John is a genius. John is happy that I think he is a genius. It is surprising that John is happy that I think he is a genius. I believe that it is surprising that John is happy that I think he is a genius.

that is known as a complementiser (C) in English as it is capable of producing complement clauses. We can generate lots of sentences in a recursive manner. Other common complementisers are below:

 * I was asking whether John was happy or not.
 * He is wondering if I think he is a genius.
 * It would be strange for him to consider me a genius.

The clauses followed by a complementiser are called complement clauses. Note that complementisers were erroneously classified as subordinating conjunctions in traditional grammar!

Grammatical relations
Constituents bear grammatical relation (or grammatical function), which determines how they behave syntactically within a proposition.

In a simplified analysis, the sentence may be viewed as generally consisting of three major constituents, which play the grammatical roles of subject, object, and verb.

title: Linguistics/Syntax


text:
Talk:Setkya Min

Comment
The article name is should be Setkya Mintha, like Kanaung Mintha. Thanks <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:20, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Setkya Min


text:
Hagler-Cole Cabin

The Hagler-Cole Cabin is a historic summer cabin on Mt. Pisgah Loop in Bella Vista, Arkansas. It is a two-story wood-frame structure with a wide overhanging front gable roof, which presents a single story to the front because of a steeply sloping lot. The front has a fieldstone chimney near the center, with a corner entry to the right, and a projecting gable-roofed screen porch to the left. Built c. 1920, it is one of a few relatively unaltered cabins (of some 500 originally built) in the Bella Vista area.

The cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

title: Hagler-Cole Cabin


text:
Talk:Low-voltage network

Voltage range sources
Dropping these for later incorporation: No such user (talk) 14:34, 25 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Low-voltage network


text:
Montfavergier

Montfavergier is a former municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 the former municipality of Montfavergier merged into Montfaucon.

title: Montfavergier


text:
Software-defined mobile network

Software-defined mobile networking (SDMN) is an approach to the design of mobile networks where all protocol-specific features are implemented in software, maximizing the use of generic and commodity hardware and software in both the core network and radio access network (RAN).

History
Through the 20th century, telecommunications technology was driven by hardware development, with most functions implemented in special-purpose equipment. In the early 2000s, generally available CPUs became cheap enough to enable commercial software-defined radio (SDR) technology and softswitches. SDMN extends these trends into the design of mobile networks, moving nearly all network functions into software.

The term "software-defined mobile network" first appeared in public literature in early 2014, used independently by Lime Microsystems and researchers from University of Oulu, Finland.

Limitations of hardware-based mobile networks
Mobile networks based on special-purpose hardware suffer from the following limitations:
 * They have limited provisions for upgrades and usually must be replaced entirely when new standards are introduced.
 * The individual components are not scalable in terms of performance and capacity, because the capacity of a component is fixed by the hardware implementation.
 * Specialized equipment and its associated specialized software require vendor-specific training for the mobile operator's staff.
 * Specialized hardware systems are usually supported and serviced by a single vendor, resulting in vendor lock-in.

Use of software-defined radio
SDR is an important element of SDMN, because it replaces protocol-specific radio hardware with protocol-agnostic digital transceivers. While many earlier digital radio systems used field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or special-purposed digital signal processors (DSPs) for calculations on baseband radio waveforms, the SDMN approach moves all of the baseband processing into general-purpose CPUs. SDMN radio systems also use hardware with publicly-documented interfaces that is designed to be readily reproducible by multiple manufacturers.

Commodity components
SDMN designs avoid the use of components that are specialized as to their functions or that are available from only a single vendor. This is true of both the hardware and software elements of the network.

Software switching and transcoding
The telephony switches of SDMN networks are software-based, including software transcoding for speech codecs.

Centralized, distributed, or hybrid?
A new SDN architecture for wireless distribution systems (WDSs) is explored that eliminates the need for multi-hop flooding of route information and therefore enables WDNs to easily expand. The key idea is to split network control and data forwarding by using two separate frequency bands. The forwarding nodes and the SDN controller exchange link-state information and other network control signaling in one of the bands, while actual data forwarding takes place in the other band.

Advantages of SDMN
The SDMN approach has many advantages over hardware-based mobile network designs.
 * Because SDMN hardware is protocol-agnostic, upgrades are software-only, even across technology generations. In the radio network, these changes can even be made on a site-by-site basis.
 * Because SDMN hardware is designed to be easily sourced and reproduced:
 * SDMN equipment can be serviced by a wider range of vendors, lowering maintenance costs.
 * SDMN equipment can be manufactured anywhere in the world, lowering production costs.
 * Because SDMN software is based on commodity operating systems and development tools:
 * Support staff can be trained more quickly because they are already familiar with the underlying software systems.
 * Many aspects of the SDMN can be monitored and managed with pre-existing tools, because they are already available in the commodity operating systems.
 * Because SDMN network components run on general purpose computers, the network components can be scaled up in capacity by adding more computing power.

title: Software-defined mobile network


text:
School:Geophysics

Welcome to the Wikiversity School of Geophysics.

Geophysics, the study of planets (primarily Earth) by quantitative methods specific to Physics. It especially relates to a planets Physics phenomena, including studies on seismic forces, electromagnetic fields, and radioactivity. The included subjects interrelate with other sciences, including The School of Earth Sciences.

Resources

 * Seismology (earthquakes and elastic waves)
 * Gravity and geodesy (the earth's gravitational field and the size and form of the earth)
 * Atmospheric science, which includes:
 * Atmospheric electricity and terrestrial magnetism (including ionosphere, Van Allen belts, telluric currents, Radiant energy, etc.)
 * Meteorology and Climatology, which both involve studies of the weather.
 * Aeronomy, the study of the physical structure and chemistry of the atmosphere.
 * Geothermometry (heating of the earth, heat flow, volcanology, and hot springs)
 * Hydrology (ground and surface water, sometimes including Glaciology)
 * Physical oceanography
 * Tectonophysics (geological processes in the earth)
 * Exploration and engineering geophysics
 * Geophysical Engineering
 * Geodesy
 * Petrophysics
 * Applied geophysics
 * Mineral Physics
 * Engineering geology
 * Planetary Science

=References=

 * Geophysics
 * Planetary Science
 * Space Physics

Active participants
The histories of Wikiversity pages indicate who the active participants are. If you are an active participant in this school, you can list your name here (this can help small schools grow and the participants communicate better; for large schools it is not needed).
 * Since 26 November 2014 with creating the lecture Geoseismology --Marshallsumter (discuss • contribs) 23:42, 15 April 2018 (UTC)

School news

 * 6 January 2007 - School founded!

title: School:Geophysics


text:
Eric Phoenix

William Eric Phoenix (20 January 1932 – 8 December 2000) was an English professional association footballer of the 1950s. He played in the Football League for Gillingham and Exeter City, making 22 appearances.

title: Eric Phoenix


text:
Lord of Lords

Etymology
1611, King James Version of the Bible, Revelation, 17:14
 * These shall make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb shall overcome them: for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings: and they that are with him are called, and chosen, and faithful.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Jesus

Translations

 * Arabic: رَبُّ الْأَرْبَابِ
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 萬主之主
 * Finnish: Herrain Herra
 * Portuguese: Senhor dos senhores
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

title: Lord of Lords


text:
sit in on

Verb

 * 1) To attend a private meeting or class without participating.
 * Parents of younger children often become upset when they are told that they cannot sit in on the psychological assessment.

title: sit in on


text:
User:Jeepday

Wild Wiki World
This documentation is not transcluded from W:User:Jeepday/Wild Wiki World

Wikipedia is my home wiki. For those who track Editcountitis my degree of infection according to Special:CentralAuth is over 40,000 edits across all wiki's Including edits from my not at home account User:JeepdaySock. Edit counters come and go so if your interested in counting take a look at w:Wikipedia:WikiProject edit counters

title: User:Jeepday


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Easy projects

The result was no consensus. While this article would qualify for speedy deletion under WP:CSD since it appears to have been re-created after a similar article was deleted just a few months ago (Articles for deletion/Easy Projects .NET (2nd nomination), I note that the extensive coverage in the Giganom and CBS News would be sufficient to pass WP:CORP. Most of the other sources are abysmal (trivial mentions, promotional, or company blurbs) and add no value whatsoever. Although the apparent SPA activity is disturbing, I nevertheless commend them for submitting valid arguments rather than simply registering a vote.

Disclaimer: I am a certified PMP myself, but I have no interest in this or any other project management product. I understand that this closure may be controversial and I do not object to being overturned at WP:DRV if someone deems it appropriate to have this closure reviewed there. ~Amatulić (talk) 19:31, 3 August 2012 (UTC)

Easy projects
AfDs for this article:
 * – ( View AfD View log  •  Stats )

Article has links which are primarily from non-reputable sources. Also 3/4 of the references in this article contain nothing that the article actually says. Removing references would likely result in this article falling under G11 as advertising. Keystoner idin (speak) 21:48, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment I do realize that I nominated this article quite fast, but the misleading of links presents this as a possible non-notable company. Keystoner  idin (speak) 21:56, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Check sources - The article is well sourced. The blurb at says that the FBI actually bought this company? Most of the references I've never even heard of. If the sources are good, then its a keep from me. Michaelzeng7 (talk) 22:08, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * KEEP – Each reference correlates to specific data taken from the referenced source and used in the article text.  Most of the reference titles are business software trade press that appear to be reputable sources. Celtechm (talk) 23:53, 11 July 2012 (UTC) (Article Author)
 * Comment: Citation 4 makes no mention of Saas,Citation 5 makes no indication of Gannt Charts,There is no Citation for the original release date, although it is said to be 2004. Seems that bit's and pieces of information were stripped from the sources. Seems like this could be a MAJOR violation of references. Keystoner  idin (speak) 01:24, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Comment These are fair points for clarification. To elaborate: Citation 4 is an article published in 2009 before the terminology "SaaS" was widespread, so it does not use that acronym. Instead the article mentions a delivery mechanism of "Hosted" software and goes on to state that "You can also opt to install EasyProjects.net’s software on your own servers". The wording in the Wiki article is meant to make this clear for readers by integrating current terminology and linking to an existing Wiki page that explains this mechanism. The Citation 5 source lists features as "message boards, issue and request tracking, statistics and reports, email notifications, and more." I replaced "and more" (Which sounded too 'promotional' for Wiki) with "and Gantt Charts" (which is shown in other references). I can move the reference point back 3 words if necessary. There is no citation for the original SW release date because it came from a source that I chose not to cite, probably due to unsuitable reference (Blog) or self-publish (company website or news release) reasons. Celtechm (talk) 02:53, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Software-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 14:30, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

 * Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, The Bushranger One ping only 00:45, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

 * Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, T. Canens (talk) 04:56, 27 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Delete: the only reference in the article that can be used for determining notability is a gigaom article. Others are either completely unreliable or lack depth (or both typically). I failed to find another acceptable source in the wild (though I probably gave up too soon due to the overwhelming about of splogs on topic and fairly generic name). Overall, I see no significant coverage in reliable sources to validate this article's inclusion. — Dmitrij D. Czarkoff (talk) 02:29, 30 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep since I'm not sure that the sources have been parsed carefully. There are bad sources there, but there's also the gigaom, the BNET article, and a cursory search also came up with this TechVibes piece. It just needs a little more work, but it almost certainly meets WP:CORP. Per WP:BURDEN: It has always been good practice to try to find and cite supporting sources yourself. This isn't BLP. Arghonaut (talk) 17:47, 30 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note User:Arghonaut is a brand new account and has few other minor contributions to Wikipedia, leading to the possibility that they are a WP:SPA and in this case on behalf of promotion of a company. -- LoudHoward (talk) 23:14, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete: This is just a re-list of an article that has been previously deleted in the past a number of times, under the name Easy Projects .NET. Previous nominations all resulted in deletion citing lack of notability as per WP:GNG and WP:NSOFT — LoudHowie —Preceding undated comment added 19:57, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Note / Question LoudHowie appears to have conflict of interest. Minor edit history... No edits since 2009 and then 7 AFD nominations for project management SW pages in one day in 2012. Possible Sockpuppet? Celtechm (talk) 03:29, 3 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment I can't see the content of previous article(s), so I can't discuss their content or references. I did note that the 2009 AFD was closed as "No Consensus" and only the 2012 was closed for deletion. It does appear, from the commentary in the 2012 deletion discussion log, that the topic is this same SW, but based on the comments in the AFD inputs, there must have been a very different set of references. All that aside, taking This article on its own merits, I believe the references here (especially FBI, Gigaom, VentureBeat (of which I only listed one of many pages), PM Network, and CBS) prove notability. Celtechm (talk) 23:00, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * AFAIR, the three references in previous article were BNET, gigaom and killerstartup from this article. — Dmitrij D. Czarkoff (talk) 08:34, 3 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep: An article that has been deleted for lack of notability does not preclude the creation of another page about the same topic if the current sources are relevant and notable. I haven't studied this software in depth but just going through WP:NSOFT I see that simply saying " "non notable" and "unreferenced" is not a valid criteria for deletion." I went through the resources suggested by WP:NSOFT and Easy Projects comes up in several books (via Google Books) like "42 Rules for Successful Collaboration", "Managing for Dummies" , and "The Complete Guide to Project Management for New Managers and Manager Assistants" , as well as a review published by the FBI showing that they are using this product for one of their units and planning to adopt it for another one. Additionally, Easy Projects comes up in 16 results from Google Scholar including a US patent application. Finally, when it comes to project management software, as a project manager I can tell you that sources like the PM Network Magazine (biggest publication for the industry), GigaOm and CBS News are quite notable sources. The article may need better referencing but given the sources out there, I think there is enough to work with to bring it up to the standards of Wikipedia. Maybe instead of pure deletion nominations, we can give the page creator some constructive criticism? --Tyrea (talk) 21:28, 2 August 2012 (UTC) — Tyrea (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic.
 * Trivial mentions and patent applications (as well as already acquired patents) don't help with notability. CBS severely lacks depth: by no standard it can be called "significant coverage" for a complex web application. Given the size of industry, I doubt that there was any plan to implement project manager that wasn't covered in PM Network Magazine, but Wikipedia is not a directory. — Dmitrij D. Czarkoff (talk) 21:44, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Note Tyrea has no other contributions to Wikipedia, leading to the possibility that they are a WP:SPA and in this case on behalf of promotion of a company. -- LoudHoward (talk) 23:05, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment There are about 140 PM software titles in Wikipedia alone, per Comparison_of_project-management_software. Authors have 100s of SW titles they can write about for any article on PM SW. With this fragmentation of the market, it means that any meaningful coverage of a title in RS (such as those referenced here) is (in my opinion) significant. Celtechm (talk) 23:00, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Note Celtechm is the original author of the article in question, possibility of WP:CONFLICT, WP:SELFPROMOTE or on behalf of client. -- LoudHoward (talk) 23:05, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment I can admit to being involved with Easy Projects, however briefly. I wasn't sure if people who know Easy Projects in real life were allowed to chime in with this discussion, so I figured, given the forces at play like LoudHoward, a product as established as Easy Projects in the project management industry deserved a bit more support. I now see that I have made a mistake as per the relatively complex rules of Wikipedia editing, which are new to me, and for that I apologize. Having said that, I would be very happy if LoudHowie would elaborate on his agenda as well, since his account clearly comes across as a WP:SPA with the goal of keeping new project management software off Wikipedia. See here his comments from six months ago for Apollo and GlassCubes both of which are legitimate products in the industry. A simple Google search of his username also reveals this page, which shows further evidence of his deliberate pursuit of project management software articles. After six months of inactivity, he comes back to go after another project management software. Could there be a WP:CONFLICT in there? --Tyrea (talk) 13:44, 3 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't know LoudHoward's agenda, but my certainly includes keeping project management web services off Wikipedia, as respective articles nearly unanimously violate WP:N and WP:NOT. (Though my agenda mentions the special exceptions for sufficiently referenced articles, having at least snowball's chance in hell). — — Dmitrij D. Czarkoff (talk) 15:23, 3 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Since when did AfD turn into personal attacks? WP:AFDEQ All I did was highlight a few facts for those editors who are also looking to contribute to this discussion. It's fine if you are involved with the software in question, that's not the issue here. I was simply pointing that fact out as a possibility because it is a driver in justifying your reasoning. You should have disclosed your vested interest in this article as per WP:DISCUSSAFD. As for myself, yes I am a PMP Project Manager and have been for the past 6 years. I am not affiliated with any product, but I do have an interest in following software and PM articles on Wikipedia. I make contributions when I have free time, but this discussion is not a place to attack my contributions to Wikipedia simply because you are not happy with the fact that I mentioned that some editors in this AfD might be WP:SPA. I have made all of the points I wanted to make in this discussion in regards to the AfD. --LoudHoward (talk) 17:22, 3 August 2012 (UTC)


text:
User:Altb478

I started this account for a research project under the art history department of the University of Pittsburgh. I am currently working on the page for []

title: User:Altb478


text:
Cookbook:Sushi

| Cuisine of Japan

In Japanese cuisine, sushi (寿司, 鮨, 鮓) is vinegar-seasoned rice, usually topped with a variety of ingredients including seafood (cooked or uncooked) and vegetables. Outside of Japan, sushi is sometimes misunderstood to mean the raw fish by itself, or even any fresh raw-seafood dishes. In Japan, sliced raw fish alone is called sashimi and is distinct from sushi, as sashimi is the raw fish component, not the rice component. The word sushi itself comes from an outdated grammatical form of a word that is no longer used in other contexts; literally, sushi means "it's sour."

Much care is put into the creation of the dish and the many methods of preparing the food indicate the importance of appearance to the educated consumer.

History
Beginning as a method of pickling fish centuries ago, sushi has evolved into an artful, unique dining experience. In its earliest form, fish was placed between two wads of rice, producing a moderately complex chemical reaction as the fish fermented, helping to preserve it. Sometime between the 14th and 16th centuries, rice vinegar started to be added to the rice to help speed up the process which took several months. Around this time the rice also started to be consumed with the fish it was used to preserve. Nori (red algae seaweed paper) was added about this period as a way to keep one's fingers from getting sticky, thus creating the first ancestor of modern 'makizushi', or rolled sushi.

Sometime in the mid to late 18th century, a restaurant in Edo (modern Tokyo) started serving sushi rice alone with thinly sliced fresh fish pressed into it. This was the start of Edo-Mae sushi, which is also known as 'nigirizushi', or pressed sushi. Sometime after this, a chef took this one step further and eliminated the sushi rice all together, resulting in sashimi. It is important to note that sashimi specifically refers to thinly sliced raw or mostly raw fish and shellfish.

It is hard to tell when exactly the wasabi and pickled ginger were added, but it is probable they came in with the Edo-Mae sushi, as this was when the focus of sushi became enjoying the taste of the exceedingly fresh fish, and the condiments heighten the experience.

Composition and Preparation
Sushi, in its simplest forms, is made by first cooking rice, seasoning it with vinegar, and molding it to shape with added toppings or fillings. Like Western hors d'oeuvres, sushi should be served in a manner that will allow eating by hand, usually in a bite or two. As such, sushi will be shaped or cut to the appropriate size before serving—while sushi may sometimes be prepared as an entire wrap or roll, these must be sliced into smaller pieces before consumption. Sushi is usually served cool with soy sauce, sliced ginger, and wasabi.

Common toppings and fillings
The possibilities for sushi toppings and fillings are nearly endless, but common ones include:

 * Raw fish (e.g. salmon, tuna, cuttlefish, hamachi yellowtail)
 * Cooked eel
 * Cooked shrimp/prawn
 * Fish and sea urchin roe
 * Cooked egg
 * Cooked chicken
 * Cucumber
 * Scallion
 * Avocado
 * Carrot

Condiments
Sushi is often accompanied by various condiments, including:

 * Wasabi or green-dyed horseradish
 * Gari (pickled ginger)
 * Soy sauce
 * Kabayaki sauce (eel sauce often served on some sushi that may be used for dipping instead of soy sauce)

Makizushi
Makizushi ("rolled sushi"), or maki for short, is the kind most common to North American consumers (see California Rolls). It consists of sushi fillings layered on top of nori and sushi rice, rolled into a tube, and cut into thick slices. Easy to make and even easier to mass produce, it has found a wide proliferation as a new form of fast food, but it is still found in traditional Japanese restaurants.

Temakizushi
Temakizushi is a variety of rolled sushi. It usually consists of sushi fillings, rice, and nori wrapped into a small cone. It is even found in convenience stores in Japan.

Saikuzushi
Saikuzushi is a type of rolled sushi, where the rice is colored and rolled with ingredients such that it will produce a design or image when sliced. It is quite difficult to make this, and also quite expensive when bought.

Nigirizushi
Nigirizushi ("hand-formed sushi"), or nigiri for short, consists of a small, hand-formed small bed of sushi rice topped with common sushi ingredients. Gunkanmaki ("battleship roll" or "boat sushi") is a nigirizushi where an oval piece of sushi rice is wrapped with nori and topped.

Temarizushi
Temarizushi ("ball sushi") is like nigirizushi, but shaped like a ball. The process for making it is less technically rigorous, making it a popular variety for homemade sushi.

Oshizushi
Oshizushi ("pressed sushi") is similar to nigirizushi, but it is formed by pressing with the aid of a wooden mold (oshibako). Generally, the topping is placed in the oshibako first, followed by the rice is added on top. The combination is then pressed together with the oshibako top or lid. After pressing, the sushi is removed and cut into serving sizes.

Inarizushi
Inarizushi ("stuffed sushi") is generally a pocket or pouch containing the rice and other ingredients. Materials used to make the pocket include tofu, bean curd, egg, and cabbage leaves.

Chirashizushi
Chirashizushi, sometimes referred to as a sushi bowl, consists of sushi rice topped with various sushi ingredients. Chirashizushi has two main regional types: the Tokyo and Osaka versions.

Sashimi
Sashimi is sliced raw seafood (usually fish) without any rice. It is artistic, with thin slices of fish and shellfish formed into a range of different shapes. Because it does not contain rice, sashimi is not technically sushi—however, it tends to be grouped with it due to the overlap in ingredients.

Condiments
Sushi can be eaten as served by the cook or accompanied by soy sauce and/or wasabi. In Japan, sushi chefs will apply a small amount of wasabi to the appropriate types of sushi during preparation. For example, sushi that features its own unique sauce will be prepared sans wasabi so as not to compromise the flavor. Western sushi chefs may do this, but some may not apply wasabi to any sushi.

Utensils
As a general rule, it is always appropriate to eat sushi by hand, unless doing so would be exceedingly messy or would cause the sushi to fall apart—in these cases, chopsticks are appropriate.

Eating order
A meal may often begin with simple miso soup. Many people start with a mild sushi, such as tamago (a sweet, cold omelette on rice), and end with a stronger taste at the end of the meal, like a darker fish. Between different items it is recommended that a piece of pickled ginger be eaten to cleanse the palate and ensure that none of the subtle flavours of the sushi is missed. Hot, fresh, green tea is an excellent beverage to drink with your meal, as is beer or plain water. While sake can be consumed with sushi, because it is made from rice it is considered to be too much rice in one meal.

Recipes

 * Sushi Rice
 * Rolled Sushi (Maki)
 * Stewed Vegan Maki
 * Inarizushi
 * Nigirizushi
 * Gunkanmaki

ru:Рецепт:Суши

title: Cookbook:Sushi


text:
Andrew Walsh

Andrew Hugh Walsh AM is an Australian festival director. He has directed numerous ceremonies and public events.

He was educated at Caulfield Grammar School in Melbourne. Among his career highlights, Walsh was Executive Producer of the ceremonies of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games and Executive Producer the ceremonies of the 2006 Commonwealth Games. He also Directed the 2003 Rugby World Cup Opening Ceremony.

On 12 June 2006, in the Queen's Birthday honours list, Walsh was made a Member of the Order of Australia "for service to the events management industry through the creative direction and production of major outdoor performances and public celebrations in Australia and internationally, and to education."

title: Andrew Walsh


text:
File:Lobster random 1349.jpg

Summary
This is the cover of 2000 AD #1349, showing Lobster Random. Drawn by Graham Rolfe.Source

title: File:Lobster random 1349.jpg


text:
Talk:Dmitry Mendeleev's Memorial Museum Apartment

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121024000454/http://www.eng.spbu.ru:80/university/culture/museums/mendeleev/ to http://www.eng.spbu.ru/university/culture/museums/mendeleev/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:37, 14 December 2016 (UTC)

Revert
Will the editor who reverted here please explain how that complies with wp:burden? https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Mendeleev%27s_Memorial_Museum_Apartment&diff=prev&oldid=1171097613 2603:7000:2101:AA00:B8E3:774B:9CEC:B2D5 (talk) 02:36, 19 August 2023 (UTC)