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Template:Daterangedash/doc

This template creates a date range with non-breaking spaces between the month and day, and spaced ndash.

Usage

Both date values can be in any format accepted by PHP's strtotime function.
 * Starting date is the starting date for the range.
 * Ending Date is the ending date for the range.
 * Date format string is one of the following:
 * : day month (1 January)
 * : day month year (1 January 1900)
 * : month day (January 1)
 * : month day year (January 1, 1900) – note: a comma will be inserted

If both start and end dates are in the same year, the first year will be omitted. There is no error checking to ensure the start date occurs before the end date.

Known issues
Because this makes use of the #time parser function, it is subject to the function's limitations. For example, it only works for dates between 1 January 111 and 31 December 9999. Furthermore, three-digit years will be displayed with a leading zero:, not.

title: Template:Daterangedash/doc


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-lo

Etymology
From (with later labialization).

Usage notes

 * With bisyllabic stems, the preceding, usually changes to  (compare ). e-stems however generally have the  turn into an.

Usage notes

 * Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive accusative forms when the object is third singular masculine person. Also appended to second singular person imperative forms. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -lo.

Etymology
.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: -lo


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Topic talk:International Economics

This field concerns with topics about economic reletions with other countries, like trade , BOP , exchange rates ,etc. It is one of the oldest branches of economic theory. In the seventeenth century, trade was regarded as the means of increasing income ,by a country. Now-a-days, this branch concerns about international trade ties, WTO , IMF's policy regimes ,etc.

title: Topic talk:International Economics


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Template:Tnavbar

This box: [ view ] • [ talk ] • [ edit ]

Usage
Simply place   inside  a given template to add view • talk • edit navigational functionality to it.

Note to editors
This template is likely represented across hundreds of pages (if not thousands) ; please tread lightly when editing here.

title: Template:Tnavbar


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Cookbook:Chicken Cabbage Salad

This chicken cabbage salad is a very easy way to make a tasty cabbage salad. It works well as both a side salad or a main dish.

Ingredients

 * 1 head cabbage
 * 1 bunch of cilantro
 * 1 bunch of green onions
 * ½ cup slivered almonds, toasted
 * ½ cup sunflower seeds
 * 2 packages of ramen noodles, Oriental flavor
 * 2 cooked chicken breasts
 * ½ cup of vegetable or canola oil
 * ½ cup of rice vinegar
 * 1 packet of Oriental flavoring (from one of the ramen packages)
 * Salt to taste
 * Pepper to taste
 * Sugar to taste

Procedure

 * 1) Chop the cabbage, cilantro leaves, and green onion until it is at an even consistency among the three. Mix together.
 * 2) Add the almonds and sunflower seeds.
 * 3) Break up the ramen noodles and place in the salad.
 * 4) Mix oil, rice vinegar, and flavoring. This is now your dressing.
 * 5) Pour dressing over salad, and add salt and pepper to taste
 * 6) Leave salad to sit and absorb flavor for an hour for best taste.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Vegetarian chicken patties can be used to replace the chicken breasts
 * Cooked and cooled ramen noodles can be used for those who don't like crunchy noodles in their salad.
 * Try browning the noodles a nuts in a little butter, let them cool, and sprinkle on salad.

title: Cookbook:Chicken Cabbage Salad


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Category talk:Edible fish

More listings?
Should we go through List of edible fish and add this category to all the articles that don't already have it? This category is fairly skimpy, yet the list is fairly robust. It seems like there is overlap in content, and they should at least be consistent (unless that causes unnecessary redundency).--Andrew c 22:17, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Edible fish


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Cookbook:Sautéing

Sautéing is cooking food in a small quantity of fat or oil. When sautéing, a very small amount of oil is placed in a shallow pan, and when it is sufficiently hot, the food is put into it. Foods that are to be sautéed are usually sliced thin or cut into small pieces, and they are sometimes turned frequently during the process of cooking. The term "sauté" is derived from the French word for "jumping", used to describe the action of the food in the pan. Generally the minimum possible amount of oil is used, which differentiates it from shallow-frying.

The term pan-frying is sometimes the English equivalent of sautéing (which is a French word) if only a very small amount of oil is used. Some people consider it a different technique, which uses more fat and takes longer. Stir-frying uses higher temperatures and continual stirring. With modern non-stick pans the amount of oil required can be quite small, or even omitted.

Tips for Proper Technique
While different ingredients will call for variations in this technique, there are some general guidelines to help ensure an ideal outcome.

Mise en place
The first rule is be prepared. If your recipe calls for chopped ingredients in step 12, make sure you have them chopped now. While experienced cooks will successfully chop the next ingredient while the rest are cooking, this is not a path to follow for the inexperienced. For one thing, chopping times for the experienced cook are generally much shorter, so the cooking food doesn't have a chance to burn. For another, the experienced cook can quickly assess whether food is done. A less experienced cook should be much more attentive to the pan to become more familiar with the stages of "doneness".

The pan is hot enough if a few small drops of water flicked from your fingertips vaporise immediately, or if a larger drop of water hisses and floats across the surface of the pan on a cushion of its own steam.

Use the fond
When sautéing cuts of meat, many recipes will call for you to deglaze the pan with a flavorful liquid (e.g. stock, wine, spirits, or even fruit juices). The dark brown bits of meat left behind from the high heat cooking are called "fond" and are as intensely flavored as pan drippings from roasted meats. These should generally be scraped off the bottom of the pan and dissolved into the deglazing liquid. In especially elegant preparations, the pan sauce created is strained to remove the solid bits, leaving only the dissolved flavorings in a smooth sauce.

When using garlic and onion
When sautéing with both onions and garlic, be sure to sauté the onions first until they are clear, then add the garlic, and continue to sauté until it is pale gold. The onion takes longer to cook, thus if both are added at the same time, the garlic will be browned by the time the onion is done, which results in an undesirable dominant pungency. Garlic will add its flavour much more harmoniously when only sautéed to a pale gold.

Recipes that call for sautéing

 * Arroz con Pollo
 * Baked Lamb and Yogurt
 * Black-Eyed Peas and Kale
 * Bulgher Burger
 * Coq au Vin
 * Eggplant and Chickpea Skillet
 * Fiddlehead-Portobello Linguine
 * Low Country Shrimp and Grits
 * Paprika Chicken
 * Pesto
 * Potato-Chickpea Curry
 * Vegetable Pie
 * Egg Rice
 * Spaghetti with Bolognese meat sauce

title: Cookbook:Sautéing


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Court of Criminal Appeal (Northern Ireland)

The Court of Criminal Appeal of Northern Ireland was established on the model of the English Court by the Criminal Appeal (Northern Ireland) Act 1930. It was replaced by a general Court of Appeal by the Judicature (Northern Ireland) Act 1978.


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Ramvir Singh Bidhuri

Ramvir Singh Bidhuri (born 4 December 1952) is the current Member of Parliament for South Delhi Lok Sabha 2024, having won by a large margin on a BJP ticket in the Lok Sabha elections 2024. He was a four-time MLA from Delhi's Badarpur seat. He served as the Leader of Opposition in the Delhi Vidhan Sabha from 2020 to 2024, and he was a member of the Badarpur Vidhan Sabha in Delhi from 1993 to 1998, 2003 to 2008, 2013 to 2015, and 2020 to 2024. In 2024, he was nominated the BJP's candidate for the South Delhi constituency in Delhi, succeeding two-time MP Ramesh Bidhuri.

Assets & Liabilities
Ramvir Singh Bidhuri owns assets of total value Rs 52,64,19,941 ~52 Crore+ as per Election commission affidavit.

Early life and education
Ramvir Singh Bidhuri was born in New Delhi. He is a graduate of Delhi University. He grew up in Tughlaqabad village of New Delhi. He is belonged to the Gurjar Bidhuri family of agricultural background.

Political career
Ramvir Singh Bidhuri started his political career in 1970 by joining Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad as a student activist of Delhi University.

From 1981 till 1985 he was Chairman of Haryana Warehousing Corporation with the rank of a Cabinet Minister. During his tenure, his corporation doubled its storage capacity and its profits increased by 13 times. This phenomenal achievement is without parallel in any Public Sector Undertaking/Corporation.

When Delhi got its first Legislative Assembly in 1993, Bidhuri won from Badarpur assembly constituency.

Bidhuri was again elected as MLA from Badarpur Assembly Constituency from 2003 to 2008. On account of his outstanding performance as a Legislator, he was conferred with award of ‘Best MLA’ in 2008 by Somnath Chatterjee the then Hon’ble Speaker of Lok Sabha.

In 2013 he was made Member of National Executive of Bharatiya Janata Party.

Bidhuri was once again elected as MLA as BJP candidate from Badarpur Assembly constituency in 2013. He was ranked 1st in utilizing his MLA Local Area Development Fund for carrying out development works in his constituency during 2013 and 2014.

He was again elected as MLA as from BJP from Badarpur Assembly Constituency in the Assembly Election held in February 2020 by defeating Aam Aadmi Party candidate Ram Singh Netaji.

Subsequently, he was made the Leader of Opposition of the Delhi Assembly.

title: Ramvir Singh Bidhuri


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User:Misha Pharaone

Misha Osiris Pharaone was born in Cairo, Egypt on November 10th 1970.

Acting: Hastey Hastey Reporter Dispatches From Elsewhere Protester The Decayed Camo Hunter Zombie

title: User:Misha Pharaone


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User:<IP_ADDRESS>/sandbox

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajra_Re

Strengths Weaknesess?
 * Lot of information about the song
 * no reliable sources
 * majority of sources are not found

The melody of this song was used as the main method to promote the film and the soundtrack.

It was a very famous "item number" from the movie Bunty Aur Babli. Uncommon to other "item songs" the music was influenced by the genre of kajari.

The "song is intended to express the desires of a courtesan who is trying to attract her client."

title: User:129.2.181.248/sandbox


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Nair Tiknizyan

Nair Oganesovich Tiknizyan (Նաիր Տիկնիզյան; Наир Оганесович Тикнизян; born 12 May 1999) is a professional footballer who plays as a left winger for Lokomotiv Moscow. Born in Russia, he plays for the Armenia national team.

CSKA Moscow
Tiknizyan made his debut for the main squad of CSKA Moscow on 20 September 2017 in a Russian Cup game against Avangard Kursk. He made his second appearance on 10 October 2018 in a Russian Cup game against Tyumen.

On 9 January 2019, CSKA Moscow announced that Tiknizyan had signed a new contract with the club until the summer of 2022.

He made his Russian Premier League debut for CSKA on 25 August 2019 in a game against Akhmat Grozny, as a 89th-minute substitute for Ivan Oblyakov.

On 20 January 2020, Tiknizyan moved on loan to Avangard Kursk until the end of the 2019–20 season.

On 11 September 2020, Tiknizyan extended his contract with CSKA until the end of the 2024–25 season.

Lokomotiv Moscow
On 4 August 2021, Lokomotiv Moscow announced the signing of Tiknizyan on a five-year deal.

International career
Tiknizyan represented Russia at the 2021 UEFA European Under-21 Championship and scored a goal in their opening group stage 4–1 victory against Iceland. Russia lost two remaining games and was eliminated at group stage.

In March 2023, Tiknizyan was called up to the Armenia national team.

Tiknizyan made his international debut for Armenia on 25 March 2023 in the UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying, against Turkey. He played the entire match. He scored his first goal for Armenia on 19 June 2023 against Latvia.

Personal life
Official sources such as UEFA or Russian Premier League list his first name as Nayair (Наяир). The clerk who issued his birth certificate made a mistake which has been perpetuated in all official documents since. Tiknizyan himself said he can not find the time to officially petition for a change of name.

International

 * Scores and results list Armenia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Tiknizyan goal.

title: Nair Tiknizyan


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Talk:Dr. David Banner

If the article is about Banner, rather than a specific actor, it makes sense to present the information about the character, followed by all and any actors who have played him/it. --Dweller 09:43, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Most of this is covered in the article The Incredible Hulk (1977 TV series). Thumbs down I'm afraid. Wax Tablet 19:00, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. My comments were directed at the editor who created the article and then reverted my edits - I was explaining my standpoint. If you see the Afd, I've gone for redirect. --Dweller 09:07, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dr. David Banner


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Portal:Interdisciplinary Studies/Learn/Did You Know

Paleontologists now routinely isolate and sequence Neanderthal DNA, allowing estimation of the time of the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and living humans. See Molecular Paleontology Reading Group.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Base 11 Numeral System

The result was delete. RL0919 (talk) 04:44, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

Base 11 Numeral System

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Already stated in List of numeral systems. No need to merge because it's a stub. From AnUnnamedUser (open talk page) 02:08, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete - this article is only two sentences long, and does not say much other than stating the obvious. It is badly written  - "a addition" should be "an addition". Vorbee (talk) 06:31, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Mathematics-related deletion discussions. Tracy Von Doom (talk) 09:53, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete. As this article is uncited and possibly WP:OR derived from duodecimal, there is no content suitable for merging. I cannot find many sources detailing the subject that may be used to expand this article (there really is only one aspect – the bit about the French Revolution – that has been covered, but is only two sentences that already exist in List of numeral systems), so I'd say it fails WP:GNG. Additionally, the title is rather wordy and thus not ideal for a redirect; undecimal and base 11 suffice for that. Hence, delete. ComplexRational (talk) 20:42, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete. While I disagree with ComplexRational claim to OR, the topic of the article is already covered at the list of number systems. Still, there isn't substantial content worth merging here that isn't covered there, as Base 11 was never really notable in its own right, and a redirect would not work either. So in the end, it isn't that there are no sources or that original research is present, but that the topic is extremely insignificant and does not possess any coverage besides routine definitions. So delete. Utopes (talk) 01:25, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * The bit about using X (dek) as a digit for 10 is what struck me as OR, by the way. But I agree with this viewpoint as well. ComplexRational (talk) 10:58, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * []. Unreliable source from Quora. Apparently "X" was chosen as it was the Roman numeral for ten, which kind of makes sense, but the information is still not verifiable. However, it DID come from somewhere. Delete still stands. I can see why you would call it OR though, as a controversial claim without a citation. In all honesty, you were probably right. Utopes (talk) 00:05, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Using Dwiggins X (dek) for the last undecimal digit was done by the Dozenal Society of America (link is to their site; it's a synopsis of multiplication tables for all bases between 2 and 60 inclusive), so it's not quite OR. OTOH, for bases 12 and above they use the author's self-created transdecimal numerals, the DSA has switched to Pitman numerals (in which digit-10 is an inverted 2, not an X-like shape), and the DSA is hardly advocating use of undecimal! Double sharp (talk) 03:38, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unless base 11 was ever used on a significant scale -- which I highly doubt, given the practical issues -- there's no more reason to have an article about it than about base 13, base 17, or any other impractical numeral system. It's also worth noting that we don't have (or, IMO, need) an article for base 7, even though it's both a lower number and at least indirectly used for days of the week. ❃Adelaide❃ (talk) 04:30, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete No indication that this merits more than a line in a table. XOR'easter (talk) 00:34, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete. I think the same principles that apply to individual numbers in WP:NUMBER apply here. Does this base have multiple interesting properties distinguishing it, in its use as a base from other bases? No. Does it have any significant historical or cultural use? Not really, except as the punchline of a joke. The ISBN checksum has been claimed to be base-11, but it's not really — there's a calculation mod 11, but no use of 11 as an actual radix for base-11 notation. —David Eppstein (talk) 01:05, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete. Apart from the joke, AFAIK the only claims to notability for this base are two historical mistaken identifications of languages as base-11 (Pañgwa and Maori in 1922 and 1826(!) respectively, see this paper by Harald Hammarström on rarities in numeral systems), i.e. not much. Double sharp (talk) 03:38, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete - The article is short, uncited, badly written and the subject has no more reason to have its own page than any other impractical numeral system. — Kstone999 (talk) 14:24, 26 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Both Base 11 Numeral System and Base 11 numeral system would have to be deleted. From AnUnnamedUser (open talk page)  18:01, 27 September 2019 (UTC)


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Paul O'Prey

Paul Gerard O'Prey is an academic leader and author who was Vice-Chancellor and President of the University of Roehampton, London from 2004 until 2019. In 2019 he was appointed chair of the Edward James Foundation, which owns a large rural estate in the South Downs and runs West Dean College of Arts and Conservation. After working in various senior roles at the University of Bristol, in 2004 O'Prey was appointed Vice-Chancellor of the University of Roehampton in south-west London, where he was also Professor of Modern Literature.

Life and career
O'Prey was born in Southampton, the youngest of five children. He attended St George Catholic College until the age of 16, when he transferred to King Edward VI School, Southampton, then a grant-maintained grammar school. He won a place to study English language and literature at Keble College, Oxford. He obtained his PhD from the University of Bristol, where his supervisor was Charles Tomlinson.

In 1977, O'Prey left Oxford University to work for the author Robert Graves at his home in Deia, Mallorca. Professor O'Prey assisted him in various ways, most notably working with Graves' wife, Beryl (died 2003), on the creation of a major archive of Graves's papers which is now housed at St John's College, Oxford.

That work led him to publish a biographical study of Graves told through his letters with other eminent writers such as Siegfried Sassoon, T.S. Eliot and Gertrude Stein, published in two volumes: In Broken Images (Hutchinson, 1982) and Between Moon and Moon (Hutchinson, 1984). O'Prey's edition of Graves's Selected Poems (Penguin Books, 1986), published just after Graves's death in 1985, reinstated a number of poems which Graves himself had previously suppressed, including some of his youthful war poetry written during World War I.

O'Prey's other books include Fleet, a collection of poems tracing the course of the lost River Fleet that flows beneath the streets of North London, published by The Melos Press in 2021.

O'Prey also writes about poetry and conflict. Counter-Wave: Poetry of Rescue in the First World War is the first anthology of poetry by volunteer workers who went to the war to save life rather than to take it. First World War: Poems from the Front, was published in 2014 by the Imperial War Museum, to coincide with the centenary of the war. It takes a new approach in focusing on a small number of poets who saw active service on the Western Front, including three women.

O'Prey translated with Lucia Graves the first English translation of the Spanish nineteenth century classic novel, The House of Ulloa by Emilia Pardo Bazan (Penguin Classics, 1991, reissued 2013). The book was later serialised by Channel 4.

O'Prey wrote the first full critical study of the novels of Graham Greene, and edited the Penguin edition of Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad (Penguin Books, 1983). He edited the first collection of poems by the American First World War nurse and novelist Mary Borden (Dare-Gale Press, 2015). His media appearances include BBC Two's War of Words: Soldier Poets of the Somme, broadcast in 2014 and a Channel 4 programme on drugs and art.

Affiliations
O'Prey has served on a number of bodies, the current or most recent of which include: University of Sussex Council (2021–present); Universities UK Board and chair of the Longer Term strategy Group (2010–2019); the Edward James Foundation and West Dean College trustee (2015–present), Froebel Trust trustee (2013–19), Higher Education Funding Council for England Strategic Advisory Committee on Leadership Governance and Management (2005–11); Higher Education Careers Services Unit Board (2006–13); London Higher Board (2006–09); Sport England Higher Education Stakeholder Group (2008–present); Putney High School, governor (2004–09); editorial board of Despatches, journal of the Imperial War Museum; the War Poets Association (Board member 2007–present; President 2007–13); and Worldwide Universities Network Academic Board (2002–04).

Career
Prior to joining the University of Roehampton as vice-chancellor and chief executive when it gained independent university status in 2004, O'Prey spent 16 years at the University of Bristol, where he worked in a variety of capacities, latterly as Director of Academic Affairs. At Bristol he played a seminal role in the introduction of entrepreneurship as an academic discipline and in the establishment of enterprise and knowledge transfer as key themes in the university's mission. He played a key role in the development of the university's research strategy and education strategy, and in the development of initiatives to improve access to the university for students from non-traditional backgrounds. He was also warden of the University of Bristol hall of residence Goldney Hall until 2004.

According to the university's website, during O'Prey's tenure as vice-chancellor, the University of Roehampton has adopted a strategy to establish a strong academic reputation. By 2014 Roehampton was ranked the most research intensive modern university in the UK, with two-thirds of research rated 'world leading' or 'internationally excellent'.

Awards
In 2011, O'Prey received honorary doctorates from the University of Bristol and Manhattanville College (New York).

Honours
O'Prey was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to higher education and the literary history of the First World War.

title: Paul O'Prey


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1951 SMU Mustangs football team

The 1951 SMU Mustangs football team represented Southern Methodist University (SMU) as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1951 college football season. Led by second-year head coach Rusty Russell, the Mustangs compiled an overall record of 3–6–1 with a mark of 1–4–1 in conference play, placing last out of seven teams in the SWC. SMU played home games at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas. Dick Hightower, Herschel Forester, Pat Knight were the team captains.

title: 1951 SMU Mustangs football team


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User:Sagarscert/sandbox

tgrtyyyfytghhththtghgthtghthththhghghSagarscert (talk) 09:41, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

title: User:Sagarscert/sandbox


text:
koolla

Adverb

 * 1) assembled, gathered, together

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to die

title: koolla


text:
Patania inferior

Patania inferior is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1899. It is found in Siberia, Japan, Taiwan, and Indonesia.

It was originally described by Victor Motschulsky in 1861; the present name is a replacement name.

title: Patania inferior


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Arfak astrapia

The Arfak astrapia (Astrapia nigra) is a species of astrapia, a group of birds found in the birds-of-paradise family Paradiseidae.

Taxonomy
The Arfak astrapia was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the birds of paradise in the genus Paradisea (now spelled Paradisaea) and coined the binomial name Paradisea nigra. Gmelin based his description on the "Gorget paradise bird" that had been described in 1782 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his book A General Synopsis of Birds. Lathan had examined a specimen in the collection of the naturalist Joseph Banks. The type location is the Arfak Mountains in the Bird's Head Peninsula of northwest New Guinea. The Arfak astrapia is now placed in the genus Astrapia  that was introduced in 1816 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek astrapios or astrapaios meaning "of lightning". The specific epithet nigra is from Latin niger meaning "black". The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.

Description

The Arfak astrapia is the third largest of its genus, being approximately 76 cm long, including the tail. The male has a black head with a bluish-purple sheen, or iridescence, an elongated jet-black nape crests extending up along the sides of the up to the eyes on each side, a shiny, metallic greenish-yellow cape from the mantle up to the nape, very black, dense and elongated upper breast feathers, and an almost exaggeratedly long tail almost two times the length of its body. The female is less appealing, being dark brown over most of its body and a blackish head, and sporting much shorter tail feathers. The female is also exceptionally shorter than the male.

Levaillant of France described this bird as L’Incomparable or Incomparable bird-of-paradise.

Distribution
Astrapia nigra is endemic to the Arfak Mountains in Vogelkop Peninsula, West Papua.

Behaviour and ecology
The habits of the Arfak astrapia are very little known. The birds are found mostly in cloud forests at 1700 to 2250 m at the apex of the Arfak Mountains. Foraging habits observed include the birds probing fruits, mostly pandanus fruits, off of moss and epiphytes in the montane canopy. Arthropods also recorded in the diet. Breeding habits mostly unknown; female definitely builds the nests and tend the chicks, as with most other birds-of-paradise, though the exact rearing period is unknown. All that is known about the courtship display is that the males display on a branch upside-down with their nape crests spread out, dense breast feathers flared up, and tail standing vertically upwards above the branch. No other information.

Conservation status
Protected by its geographical isolation and undisturbed forests home, the Arfak astrapia is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES.

title: Arfak astrapia


text:
Talk:Manuel Noriega/GA1

GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''

Reviewer: Midnightblueowl (talk · contribs) 14:16, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Just so you know,, I'm done with your comments at the moment. Cheers, Vanamonde (talk) 05:14, 5 October 2017 (UTC)

Early life and family

 * If we link "Native American" then maybe we could also link to "African" and "Spanish" too; perhaps to African diaspora in the Americas? Midnightblueowl (talk) 14:31, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "has been variously described as being a cook or" - probably cut "as being". Midnightblueowl (talk) 14:55, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Fixed

 * There is a repetition of ":" in that first paragraph. Midnightblueowl (talk) 14:55, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded

 * " in a one-room apartment in the slum area of Terraplén." - it would be get to get a specific reference at the end of this sentence as the next sentence seems a little topically unrelated. Midnightblueowl (talk) 15:04, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * In the second paragraph, we have "was described" twice in quick succession. Midnightblueowl (talk) 15:44, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Fixed

 * "Luis was a socialist activist himself" - scrap "himself". Midnightblueowl (talk) 15:44, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * " the Socialist party's " - do we know which socialist party? Midnightblueowl (talk) 15:44, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Linked

 * "Manual would begin " - "Manual began". Midnightblueowl (talk) 15:44, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * If possible, it might be good to see some of the 'Family' related material moved into its own section. Having a statement like "All four members of his immediate family were alive at the time of his death" seems a little incongruous and out of place in a section mostly devoted to his early years. Midnightblueowl (talk) 16:04, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I'm not a fan of one-paragraph sections, especially when the paragraph is so short. Also, his family is so tied in with his early life...since that sentence sounded incongruous, I've moved it into the death section.
 * A much better place. Thanks, Vanamonde. Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:21, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

 * "Her family, of Basque heritage, was reported to have been unhappy with her marriage" - perhaps "the marriage" over "her marriage"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:40, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "who would later become a close ally" - "who later became a close ally"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:40, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "Noriega's mother has been variously described as a cook or a laundress, while his father was an accountant. Neither had a lengthy presence in his life: his mother died of tuberculosis when he was still a child. Noriega was brought up by a godmother[2][8][9] in a one-room apartment in the slum area of Terraplén.[10] Authors and journalists have suggested that Noriega was in fact the illegitimate son of his father, Ricaurte Noriega, and his father's domestic worker, whose family name was Moreno.[10][8]" I think that a rewrite would work well here. For instance we mention his mother and father and describe their professions a sentence before giving their names. Really we would want to see their names at the very first mention. Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:03, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done for the father, mother's name unknown

 * "During his time in the Socialist youth group he took part in protests, as well as authoring articles criticizing the U.S. presence in Panama." - definitely worth placing a citation at the end of this particular sentence as the next sentence moves on to quite a different topic. I would also strongly recommend spitting the paragraph at this point; it is quite long and this is the ideal place to divide it. Midnightblueowl (talk) 16:59, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * " During his time in Instituto Nacional he met his older brother Luis, also a student at the school. Manuel had not previously met his siblings. Luis was a socialist activist, and introduced Manuel to politics, including recruiting him into the Socialist party's youth wing. At some point in school Manuel began living with his brother.[" I'm wondering if we could slim this down a little bit by merging some of the very short sentences. For example "Noriega had not previously met his siblings, and it was at the Instituto Nacional that he first met his older brother Luis, who also studied there. Manuel began living with Luis, who introduced him to politics and recruited him into the Socialist Party's youth wing." Midnightblueowl (talk) 16:58, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded

 * "the Socialist party's youth wing" - capital P. Midnightblueowl (talk) 16:55, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "He would continue to work with the U.S" - "He continued". Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:01, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "The U.S. also paid Noriega $10.70 payment in 1955, which would be the first of many payments he would receive for his activities" - this could be tied in with the previous sentence quite easily, perhaps after a semi-colon. It also could be rid of the "also". Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:09, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "After graduating from the Instituto Nacional, Noriega won a scholarship to Chorrillos Military School in the Peruvian capital of Lima, with the help of Luis, who had by then received a position in the Panamanian embassy in Peru.[18][19][13] He had previously harboured intentions of becoming a doctor"... Why do we mention the desire to become a doctor after the Peruvian scholarship given that it occurred first? Best to rearrange these sentences so that it better matches the chronology of events. Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:10, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "Noriega married Felicidad Sieiro de Noriega, whom he had met in the 1960s, and the couple had three daughters" - how about "In the 1960s, Noriega met Felicidad Sieiro de Noriega; they later married and had three daughters". That way we place their meeting (which happened first) at the start of the sentence. Midnightblueowl (talk) 16:55, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Trying to avoid potential proseline issues by mixing up phrasing

 * Given that this final sentence discusses Noriega being a National Guardsman, would it not be better to relocate it into the next section? Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:21, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Perhaps, but this is more topical, IMO

National Guard career

 * "Noriega graduated in 1962 with a specialization in engineering" - I'm wondering if this might work better in the previous section. Could be wrong, but thought that I'd suggest it anyway. Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:40, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Could go either way, I guess, but I divided it finally based on his contacts: it was Luiz who got him into Peru, but it was military contacts that he left with.

 * "He returned to Panama and was given a job as a common soldier in the Panama National Guard, and posted to Colón." - "and... and". Maybe just ", posted to Colon"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:40, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded: didn't like the possibility of parsing the sentence as the national guard being posted to Colon

 * "soon after in September 1962" - maybe just start the sentence with "In September 1962," ? Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:40, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "National Guard: he" - I'm not an expert in punctuation, although I think that this should be a semi-colon rather than a full colon. Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:40, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Seems right to me...isn't the rule of thumb something like "if each side could be a complete sentence, then colon"?

 * " he would soon become" - "soon became". Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:40, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "the favor of Torrijos." - "Torrijos' favour." Or "favor", of course, which my spellcheck keeps changing automatically. Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:40, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "Galván claims " - who is Galván? Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:40, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Added

 * "The presidential election that year " - "That year's presidential election". Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:40, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "a number of people" - "several people". Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:40, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * There's already a "Several" in the next sentence...

 * "other stated" - "others stated". Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:40, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Fixed

 * "at the School of the Americas at the United States Army's Fort Gul" - "at the... at the". Bit repetitive. Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:40, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded, but can only separate them a little. Kinda hard to avoid without convoluted wording.

 * "her spent there" - looks like Noriega has been misgendered here! :p Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:45, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * ack.

 * "the workforce of the United Fruit Company,"the workforce of the United Fruit Company," - the United Fruit Company's workforce. Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:45, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "1967 the administration of " - Add "U.S." or "United States" before "administration". Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:45, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded

 * " "rising star" in the military" - maybe "Panamanian military" as we have previously just discussed the Americans. Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:45, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "would continue to have" - "continued to have". Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:45, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * ", even until just before his capture" - not sure if this is really adding anything at this juncture. Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:45, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Well, it's an interesting tidbit: he wore the patch even after relations had soured: but its too small to go in the capture section. If you still don't like it, I'll remove it.
 * How about shifting the sentence ("would wear its crest on his military uniform, even until just before his capture") to "wore its crest on his military uniform for the rest of his career." ? Midnightblueowl (talk) 16:51, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Okay, done

 * "Author Javier Galván" - can we be more specific than "author"? Does Galvan come from a particular academic discipline or is he a journalist? Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:13, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * It's a bit unclear, to be honest.

 * Galvan "claims" but then "wrote" - present tense and then past tense. Best to standardise. Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:13, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "was exiled for a few months to a remote outpost" - "was exiled to a remote outpost for a few months"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:13, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "an item of information " - just "information" perhaps? Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:14, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I think the present version flows a little easier.

 * "Noriega performed poorly in his classes in the school. However, in 1966 he received a promotion, and Torrijos found him a job as an intelligence officer in the "North Zone" of the National Guard" - Perhaps we could clip this down to "Despite a poor academic performance, in 1966 he received a promotion, with Torrijos appointing him as an intelligence officer in the National Guard's "North Zone"." Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:17, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * The promotion and the intelligence job are distinct, though. reworded.

 * "Reports have suggested that he continued to pass intelligence to the U.S. during this period, about the activities of the plantation workers." Perhaps we need an extra word or two here, such as a "particularly" before the "about"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:18, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * " Noriega continued to have a close relationship with the School of the Americas during his Presidency, partly due to the latter having an outpost in Panama." Perhaps " Noriega contiretained a close relationship with the School of the Americas during his Presidency, partly due to the latter's Panamanian outpost." Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:20, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded

1968 coup

 * This is a paragraph that could probably profit from being divided in two. Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:22, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * Link to populism. Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:22, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "a purge against the National Guard" - maybe "a purge of the National Guard"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:22, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Yes, done

 * "A power struggle followed between the various forces supporting the coup, and chiefly between Torrijos and Martínez.[" This one does not read too well. Initially I though it meant that the pro-coup forces were struggling against Torrijos and Martinez. Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:22, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded: better?

 * "on Holiday" - "holiday", unless we are referencing the Madonna song. Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:22, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Or the Greenday song ;)
 * Oh I'd forgotten about that one... Midnightblueowl (talk) 16:38, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

 * "enhancing his image" ? Torrijos' or Noriega's? Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:22, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Torrijos's. Fixed.

 * "would retain power " - "retained power". Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:22, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * There is another colon where a semi-colon would be more appropriate. Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:22, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * In this case, I agree

 * "Galván writes that his relationship " - "his" being Torrijos or Galvan himself? Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:22, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Torrijos :) Fixed

 * "Arnulfo Arias had been elected president in 1968" - "was elected"? Also, do we know the month of the election; I think that that would really help here given that we are discussing the events of a single year. Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:31, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded, will find the date soon as I get back to my copy of Dinges

 * "struggle" appears twice in fairly quick succession; I'd find a synonym for one of them. Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:31, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "Torrijos's image image"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:31, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Fixed

 * "Noriega received a promotion to lieutenant colonel and was appointed chief of military intelligence by Torrijos" - Maybe we could bring in more active voice here by saying "Torrijos promoted Noriega to the position of lieutenant colonel and appointed him chief of military intelligence". Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:31, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "while Noriega enforced his decisions when they were unpopular, with force, when necessary" - "while Noriega enforced any unpopular decisions using force"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:31, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded.

Head of intelligence

 * "He also kept files on a number of officials within the military, the government, and the judiciary, which would later allow him to blackmail them" - This could be trimmed back to something like "He also kept files on several officials within the military, the government, and the judiciary, later allowing him to blackmail them". Midnightblueowl (talk) 16:45, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "The relationship between Noriega and the U.S. intelligence services became regularized in the 1970s, when Noriega was on the CIA payroll;[39] the CIA made its first regular payment to Noriega in 1971", Again, we could do some trimming, particularly to avoid the three appearances of "Noriega" in one sentence. How about "Noriega's relationship with and the U.S. intelligence services was regularized during the 1970s, when he was on the CIA payroll;[39] the CIA made its first regular payment to him in 1971." Midnightblueowl (talk) 16:45, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "would later use their knowledge" - "later used their knowledge". Midnightblueowl (talk) 16:45, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * Standardise capitalisation of "Panama Canal". Midnightblueowl (talk) 16:50, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * Remove redlink from "Panama Canal Zone"; it is already correctly linked earlier in the article. Midnightblueowl (talk) 16:50, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

Death of Torrijos

 * "againt" - the s has gone walkabouts here. Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:58, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * done

 * "U.S.-backed dictator" - "U.S.-based President" would be more neutral. Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:58, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Same issue as elsewhere: we're not talking of a person taking power in an election or a popular uprising, but a hereditary authoritarian ruler. "Dictator" is a problem, agreed, but "President" is inadequate. Gone with "authoritarian ruler".

 * "were initially supportive " - "initially supported"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:58, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "providing them surplus National " - "providing them with surplus National"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:58, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "and so abandoned the title of "Maximum Leader" he had taken in 1972, and promised" - "and... and", so perhaps "promising" rather than "and promised"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:58, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "promised that democratic elections " perhaps just "elections"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:58, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * done

 * "Noriega also arranged for weapons shipments purchased in the U.S., " - I don't really understand what is being conveyed here. Surely the US weren't supplying the Sandinistas? Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:58, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Strange as it may sound, that's what Dinges is saying, and in the contorted world of Central American politics, it's unsurprising.

 * "to the administration of Jimmy Carter" - "President Jimmy Carter's administration"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:58, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded

 * "After a shipment of these was captured" - "After one of these shipments was captured"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:58, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "Torrijos died in a plane accident " - "plane crash" might work better, particularly as "accident" reappears later in the sentence and there is always the possibility that it was not an accident. Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:58, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "Florez was removed" - he was "Flores" in the previous sentence. Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:58, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Fixed

 * "after which Parades" - and he was "Paredes"! Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:01, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * welp

 * "president in the polls" - "elections" might be better than "polls", which is a term with various meanings (opinion polls etc). Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:01, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Fixed

 * "rose to become a full Colonel and the chief of staff of the National Guard" - "became full colonel and the National Guard's chief of staff". Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:01, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "Parades, Paredes" - which spelling is correct? Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:01, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Paredes

 * "the de facto ruler of the country" - "the de facto ruler of Panama" perhaps? Not a big deal either way. Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:01, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

1984 election

 * "He also did not have a particular social or economic ideology. The idea he used to unify his supporters was military nationalism" - best to merge these somehow. Something like "Although lacking any particular social or economic ideology, Noriega unified his supporters around military nationalism". Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:19, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded

 * "seized by Noriega's men" - chances are they probably were mostly men, but perhaps we could find a more gender-neutral term than "men" in case he had women working for him too. Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:19, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Fair point. Rather tricky, because the occupation of these is unclear, as is their status as employees, and things like "goons" would not be neutral. gone with "administration" for now.

 * "the candidate of the PRD" - "the PRD's candidate". Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:19, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "His rule in Panama " - we have not mentioned Noriega himself in a while, so this might be best as "Noriega's rule in Panama", or better yet, just "Noriega's rule". Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:19, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "the Sandinista government in Nicaragua" - this is the first linking of Sandinista but they have been mentioned several times already. Also, perhaps "Nicaraguar's Sandinista government". Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:19, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * The sentence beginning "Despite recognizing the flaws in the election process" would work better if pulled back from the very end of the sentence, perhaps placed before the sentence that currently precedes it. Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:19, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

Drug and weapons operations

 * "In the early 1980s, a number of military conflicts began in Latin America, as guerrilla warfare broke out in Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua" - trimming it back, we could have something like "During the early 1980s, civil wars broke out in Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua". Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:24, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "Arms shipments from the U.S. in the area " - "U.S. arms shipments to the area"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:24, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "a groups of " - "group".
 * Fixed

 * "was said" - possibly a weasel word. Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:24, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Details provided, though it's really wordy

 * "1986 Seymour Hersh published " - comma needed after year, and perhaps "the investigative journalist Seymour Hersh". Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:24, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * Remove comma after "The New York Times". Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:24, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "the U.S. in their fight against drugs" - perhaps a link to the War on Drugs? Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:28, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Linked when that specific phrase appears

 * "on money laundering operation" - "on a money laundering operation". Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:28, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded, I believe it was not a single operation

 * "in the pro-government Panamanian press" - "in Panama's pro-government press". Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:28, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "in legitimate businesses" - "legal" might be better than "legitimate", given the intrinsic subjectivity of legitimacy. Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:28, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

Murder of Spafadora

 * This is a very lengthy section, perhaps disproportionately so. I would focus on trimming both of these paragraphs down a little bit, if possible. Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:45, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * If you are concerned with undue weight, perhaps we should look at retitling. I don't believe the content is too detailed here, as this period was fairly crucial to his career, and is highlighted by the sources.

 * "Hugo Spadafora was a physician and a political activist" - the latter a could be removed. Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:45, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "he was a vocal critic of Noriega beginning in 1981 when Spadafora returned to Panama from Guatemala" - not sure that "beginning" is the right term here. How about "after returning to Panama from Guatemala in 1981, he became a vocal critic of Noriega"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:45, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded

1989 election

 * "The relationship between the U.S. and Noriega" - "Noriega's relationship with the U.S."? Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:51, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "the U.S. began to suspect that Noriega was lending his support to other intelligence services, as well as to drug-trafficking groups" - this can be edited down a fair bit, perhaps "the U.S. suspected that Noriega was lending his support to other intelligence services and drug-trafficking groups". Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:51, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded: the "began" is necessary to preserve the meaning, I think

 * "The elections of May 1989 were surrounded by controversy. A PRD-led coalition nominated Carlos Duque, publisher of the country's oldest newspaper, La Estrella de Panamá. " - nominated him for what? I'm guessing the Presidency, in which case we should mention "The presidential elections of May 1989". Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:51, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "even more massive" - "even larger"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:51, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded: that was rather dramatic on my part

 * "The United States recognized Endara" - "The U.S.". Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:55, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

Genesis

 * "In March 1988" - best to put a comma after this. Midnightblueowl (talk) 18:08, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "Noriega's forces are said to have engaged" - I worry about any wording like "are said"; could we be more specific about where these allegations were coming from? Midnightblueowl (talk) 18:08, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded

 * "the El Chorrillo neighbourhood" - no reason for the italicisation here as it is not a publication title. Midnightblueowl (talk) 18:10, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * True

 * "servicemen were unarmed and in a private vehicle and that they attempted " - "and... and" is a bit repetitive. How about "servicemen were traveling unarmed in a private vehicle and that they attempted". Midnightblueowl (talk) 18:12, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "An American couple that witnessed" - perhaps "An American couple who witnessed" ? Midnightblueowl (talk) 18:13, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

Invasion

 * This is a very long single paragraph. I would suggest breaking it up into at least two parts. Midnightblueowl (talk) 13:40, 13 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Is it necessary? To me, the flow of information is logical here. NVM, looking at the wrong section. Done.

 * "The U.S. invasion of Panama was launched on December 20, 1989" - "The U.S. invaded Panama on December 20, 1989"? Or perhaps, the longer "The U.S. launched its invasion of Panama on December 20, 1989", which has the advantage over the current wording of using active voice. Midnightblueowl (talk) 13:40, 13 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "the Marine was " - should "Marine" be capitalised here? Midnightblueowl (talk) 13:42, 13 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Our article on the subject uses this form: see here.

 * "The U.S. forces targeted Noriega's personal private vehicles. " - ideally, a citation at the end of this sentence as the next sentence moves on to discuss something slightly different. Midnightblueowl (talk) 13:42, 13 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Duplicated.

 * "the middle of Panama city were " - City should be capitalised here as a proper noun. Midnightblueowl (talk) 13:44, 13 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Yes, done

 * " a flagrant violation of " - is "flagrant" necessary here? Midnightblueowl (talk)
 * It's the language used by the resolution; I've placed it in quotes.

 * "would cause half a billion U.S. dollars in damages, which the U.S. government would later help repair" - "would cause" to "caused", "would later help repair" to "later helped repair". Midnightblueowl (talk) 13:46, 13 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

Capture

 * "has been reported to have taken shelter with several politicians that supported him" - "reportedly took shelter with several supportive politicians"
 * Done

 * "the embassy of Cuba or Nicaragua" - "the Cuban or Nicaraguan embassies". Midnightblueowl (talk) 13:53, 13 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "but both buildings had been surrounded by U.S. troops" - again, I'd switch to active voice, so "but U.S. troops surrounded both buildings". Midnightblueowl (talk) 13:53, 13 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "from Monsignor Laboa" - who is this? Midnightblueowl (talk) 13:53, 13 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Fixed

 * " later taken to the United States.[" - do we know when? Midnightblueowl (talk) 13:53, 13 October 2017 (UTC)
 * The precise date seems unavailable, though I will look.

 * "Noriega was reported by Kempe to have considered" - "Kempe reported that Noriega considered". Midnightblueowl (talk) 13:53, 13 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done., that's the last of them, I believe. Regards, Vanamonde (talk) 08:39, 14 October 2017 (UTC)

Prosecution in the United States

 * "on the ten charges the Miami grand jury" - perhaps a "which" after "charges". Midnightblueowl (talk) 12:47, 19 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "Complex legal maneuvering over whether Noriega could be tried after his detention as a prisoner of war, the admissibility of evidence and witnesses, and how to pay for Noriega's legal defense delayed the start of the trial until September 1991." - this sentence might work better if it starts with the latter part, for instance "The start of the trial was delayed until September 1991 due to complex legal maneuvering over whether Noriega could be tried after his detention as a prisoner of war, the admissibility of evidence and witnesses, and how to pay for Noriega's legal defense." Midnightblueowl (talk) 12:47, 19 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Much better, thanks.

 * "Noriega insisted that "the actual figure approached $10,000,000, and that he should be allowed to disclose the tasks he had performed for the United States". The district court held that the "information about the content of the discrete operations in which Noriega had engaged in exchange for the alleged payments was irrelevant to his defense". It ruled that "the tendency of such evidence to confuse the issues before the jury substantially outweighed any probative value it might have had."" - I think that we might have too much direct quotation here; wherever possible, change it to paraphrasing. Midnightblueowl (talk) 12:47, 19 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "with Bush were" - best to have a comma after "Bush" here. Midnightblueowl (talk) 12:47, 19 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * The first and second paragraphs in the "Incarceration" section duplicate the same information, particularly regarding the term "presidential suite". Midnightblueowl (talk) 12:47, 19 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Removed.

Prosecution in France

 * Perhaps this might work better as a sub-section of the previous section, which could in turn simply be called "Prosecution and imprisonment===
 * Done

 * "a U.S. federal judge approved a request from the French government to extradite Noriega from the United States to France after his release." - Perhaps this could be trimmed down a bit: "a U.S. federal judge approved the French government's request to extradite Noriega to France after his release from the Florida prison." Midnightblueowl (talk) 12:50, 19 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded

 * "In August 2007, a U.S. federal judge approved a request from the French government to extradite Noriega from the United States to France after his release. Noriega has also received a long jail term in absentia in Panama for murder and human rights abuses. Noriega appealed his extradition to France because he claimed that country would not honor his legal status as a prisoner of war.[" The middle sentence just feels really out of place here; I'd scrap it, particularly as it replicates information that also appears later in that paragraph. Midnightblueowl (talk) 12:54, 19 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "the Tribunal Correctionnel de Paris and" - no need for italics. Midnightblueowl (talk) 12:57, 19 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done. as before, that's the last of them. Regards, Vanamonde (talk) 14:05, 22 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Could we look at wrapping this up soonish? Cheers, Vanamonde (talk) 06:24, 27 October 2017 (UTC)

Return, illness, and death

 * Again, this could probably be converted into a sub-section rather than a section all of its own. Midnightblueowl (talk) 12:59, 19 October 2017 (UTC)
 * I'd rather not, to be honest, because it doesn't fit well with either imprisonment or with legacy, in my view.

 * Merge the second and third paragraphs together; they are thematically closely linked and too short to stand alone. Midnightblueowl (talk) 12:59, 19 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "On February 5, 2012, Noriega was moved from the El Renacer prison to the " - El Renacer was mentioned in the previous sentence so we might be able to go with simple "On February 5, 2012, Noriega was moved to the " Midnightblueowl (talk) 13:04, 19 October 2017 (UTC)
 * done

 * "he suffered a brain hemorrhage during surgery to remove a benign tumor which left him in critical condition" - we've already mentioned the tumour so no need to do so here. It would be better to go with something like "During surgery to remove the tumour, on March 7, 2017 he suffered a brain haemorrhage which left him in a critical condition in the intensive care unit of Panama City's Santo Tomas hospital." Midnightblueowl (talk) 13:04, 19 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

Image and legacy

 * " and as "Panama's answer to Colonel Gaddafi".[" - perhaps "and "Panama's answer" to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi" ? Midnightblueowl (talk) 10:18, 27 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "Similarly, Cockburn and St-Clair " - who are they? Midnightblueowl (talk) 10:18, 27 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Fixed

 * "Noriega himself took great care to shape perceptions about him" - perhaps simply "Noriega took great care to shape perceptions of himself"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 10:18, 27 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Fixed

 * "held dirty secrets on everybody " - "dirty secrets" is perhaps a tad colloquial here. Midnightblueowl (talk) 10:18, 27 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded

In popular culture

 * "the biographical 2000 TV movie " - worth specifying the national origin of the film and perhaps a link to television film. Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:46, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "Noriega was depicted in Call of Duty: Black Ops II.[" It is worth specifying that this is a computer game, and possibly also the nation of origin. Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:46, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Added computer game: country of origin reads very odd to me in this context, so leaving it out for now.
 * How about the year of release? Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:31, 5 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Standardise the quotation marks; the ones here are peculiar. Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:46, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "In gameplay Noriega's character is referred to as "Old Pineapple Face", by fictional character Frank Woods. The name "Old Pineapple Face" was an actual nickname for Noriega used by Panamanians" - How about: "In the game, the fictional character Frank Woods refers to Noriega as "Old Pineapple Face", a nickname originally applied to the President by Panamanians." Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:46, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Yeah, much better.

 * "was dismissed" - by whom? Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:46, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Done. Also replaced the source; though the information is non-controversial, I hadn't noticed it was the WSJ blog, not their edited content.

Images

 * Let's try and get some additional photos for the first half of the article, even if that just means pictures of cities and other places where Noriega spent time. Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:22, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Added one, will work on adding more
 * Added another, of Carter and Torrijos: if you'd prefer one of just Torrijos, I can swap that in.
 * Also added image of the Contras. I'll stop at this point because I don't want to go overboard on indirectly related images, but will add a particularly good one if I find it.

Formatting

 * How about specifying the years in the sub-titles, as we for instance have over at Steve Biko? Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:25, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Well I thought about it but as currently structured there are temporally overlapping sections. We could look at this again as the article develops, perhaps, but I think for the GAN it's best to leave this as is.

Lede

 * "with longstanding ties to United States intelligence agencies. " - Not needed here in the first paragraph. It feels a little like it's deliberately pushing a particular angle or POV by providing said information at this juncture. Midnightblueowl (talk) 11:55, 27 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Well, the original lead said he was a CIA informant: it was changed after some talk page discussion. His role with the US intelligence is so wel known that leaving it out seems inappropriate to me. What I have done is to move the "dictator" label to the legacy section, where it flows better, whereas the more "occupational" things are in the first paragraph.

 * Could we get something about his general ideology in this first paragraph? Something about military nationalism, perhaps, as that is mentioned in the article body. Midnightblueowl (talk) 11:55, 27 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Given how little the sources mention his ideology, I've placed it in the second paragraph, where it flows with the information about his presidency.

 * Born in Panama City, Noriega" - perhaps "Born in Panama City to a poor mestizo family, Noriega"; we mention ethnic/class backgrounds in articles like Muammar Gaddafi and Nelson Mandela, so would be good to do so here. Midnightblueowl (talk) 11:55, 27 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * Perhaps explicitly state "Chorrillos Military School" rather than just " a military school in Lima ". Midnightblueowl (talk) 11:55, 27 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * "He became an officer in the Panamanian army, and rose through the ranks in alliance with Omar Torrijos, becoming chief of military intelligence after Torrijos led a coup in 1968". This might work better as two sentences. "He became an officer in the Panama National Guard and rose through the ranks in alliance with Omar Torrijos. In 1968, Torrijos overthrew President Arnulfo Arias in a coup, establishing himself as leader; under Torrijos' government, Noriega became chief of military intelligence".
 * Done

 * "From the 1950s until shortly before the U.S. invasion, Noriega worked with the U.S. intelligence" - Chronologically, this material would work more smoothly in the previous paragraph. Midnightblueowl (talk) 11:59, 27 October 2017 (UTC)
 * That was how I'd originally written it: shuffled the content a week ago. I've moved it back, but as I'm not particular, if I'm reverted I'm inclined to let it remain.

 * The fourth paragraph just gives unnecessary levels of detail about things which are effectively far less important than his earlier life. For instance "Noriega's U.S. prison sentence ended in September 2007, but he remained in prison while fighting extradition to France, where he had been convicted in absentia of money laundering in 1999. France's extradition request was granted in April 2010, and after a retrial Noriega was again found guilty and sentenced to 7 years in prison." could very easily become "In 2010, Noriega was extradited to France, where he was imprisoned for money laundering". Midnightblueowl (talk) 11:55, 27 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Reworded

 * "Panama, which had also convicted Noriega in absentia in 1995 for the murder of a political foe, then requested Noriega's extradition to serve out his sentence in Panama. French courts upheld the request and Noriega was extradicted to Panama in December 2011." Again, it would be best to shorten this. How about "In 2011, the French extradited him to Panama, where he was sentenced for murder." Midnightblueowl (talk) 11:58, 27 October 2017 (UTC)
 * reworded

 * "Noriega was diagnosed with a brain tumor in March 2017 and died at Hospital Santo Tomas in Panama City on May 29, 2017, two months after surgery." Same issue here. Perhaps "Noriega died following complications during brain surgery"? Midnightblueowl (talk) 11:58, 27 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done

 * Can we get a few sentences on his reception and legacy into the lede? Presumably in that fourth paragraph. Midnightblueowl (talk) 11:59, 27 October 2017 (UTC)
 * I've added some material, including moving some stuff down. I've addressed everything, I think. Cheers, Vanamonde (talk) 13:09, 27 October 2017 (UTC)

Thanks Vanamonde. I'm happy that this article meets the GA criteria and will pass it shortly. Well done on all the hard work that you have put into this. Midnightblueowl (talk) 17:32, 27 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Manuel Noriega/GA1


text:
User:Gkhan/Asymptotic Notation

The two most important aspects of any algorithm (except for perhaps correctness) is speed and memory consumption. How do you measure these? The most obvious way perhaps is to determine a function on the size of the input to determine speed. For instance, an algorithm can be found use

 * $$f(n) = n^2 + 3n + 14$$

units of time (in this discussion the main focus will be on speed, but it's the same for memory consumtion). Is this a good approach to determine speed of an algorithm. Yes and no. When to different algorithm is very similar in time consumption a clear-cut function might help to understand what algorithm is faster under what conditions. But in the majority of the cases this it is just to combersome to figure out an exact speed, especially in higher level languages. Conditions also vary wildly from system to system so there are never one definite function. So what do you use? What is really interesting here is not what the function is excactly but really how it grows. What does this then mean? Consider the two functions

 * $$f(n) = n^3-12n^2+20n+110$$
 * $$g(n) = n^3+n^2+5n+5$$

They look quite different, but how do they behave? Let's look at a few plots of the function (f(n) is in red, g(n) in blue).

In the first, very limited plot the curves appear somewhat different. In the second they start going in sort of the same way, in the third there is only a very small difference, and at last they are virtually identical. Infact they approach n3, the dominant term. When n gets large, the other terms become minescule in comparison to n3.

As you can see, if you want to improve an algorithms non-dominant terms, it doesn't change much. What really matters is the dominant term. This is why we adopt a new notation for this. We say that:

 * $$f(n) = n^3-12n^2+20n+110 = O(n^3)$$

We ignore the low-order terms. We can say that:

 * $$O(\log {x}) \le O(\sqrt{n}) \le O(n) \le O(n \log {n}) \le O(n^2) \le O(n^3) \le O(2^n)$$

This gives us a way to easily compare algorithms with eachother. Bubblesort sorts in $$O(n^2)$$. Mergesort sorts in $$O(n \log {n})$$. Therefore mergesort is faster than bubblesort.

See "Big O notation" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_O_notation

title: User:Gkhan/Asymptotic Notation


text:
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Portal:Monaco

 __NOINDEX__

The result of the discussion was:  no consensus. ‑Scottywong | [confabulate] || 21:21, 2 October 2019 (UTC)

Portal:Monaco

 * – (View MfD)

Portal:Monaco is a small portal for a small country, but its level of viewing is too small. The portal has 4 daily pageviews in the first half of 2019, while the head article has 7048 daily pageviews (reflecting its status as a tourist attraction and gambling resort). This is a single-page portal, originated by User:The Transhumanist toward the beginning of the wave of reckless portal creation. At least a very small very rich country is a less absurd topic for a portal than some of the portals created by TTH. This portal has 29 articles referenced in embedded lists, so that it doesn't use subpages and doesn't have subpage rot. But it doesn't have large numbers of readers, either, and doesn't really function as a miniature Main Page. There is no evidence of support at WP:WikiProject Monaco or WP:WikiProject European Microstates. Since this already is a modern-design portal, there is no reason to re-create it with a better design. The design isn't the problem; the lack of readers is. Robert McClenon (talk) 16:09, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep. Here we have a good page which few readers visit.  The solution is not to delete the good page but to make it more visible, or simply to leave it alone where it benefits 1400 readers a year and harms no one.  The lack of pageviews may be because the portal has just 59 incoming wikilinks from articles, mostly from backwaters such as List of mayors of Monaco and Treaty of Tordesillas (1524) and located in the footer of a navbox at the bottom of the page, and is excluded from searches.  For comparison, the article Monaco has 11,609 incoming links and is included in searches. Certes (talk) 16:29, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
 * @Certes WP:POG requires portals have large numbers of readers, while this has almost none. 4 views a day is a pure background noise of search bots and accidental clicks, if there even are any accidental clicks. Portals don't have their own content, and at 0.06% of the daily views of the head article, this one clearly adds no value to exploring the topic of Monaco on Wikipedia. It would take nearly five years for this portal to have the total number of views the head article gets in a single day. There is no evidence that adding links has ever increased any portals viewing rate, so please stop trotting out a fake talking point. Newshunter12 (talk) 18:57, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I really wish that portal fans would stop flogging that poor dead horse of "excluded from searches". I thought that it had been laid to rest long ago.
 * It applies to all portals. It's no reason to make an exception of this one.
 * If you want to propose that it be changed, then go right ahead and open an RFC. I for one will vigorously oppose it on principle, because a search for articles should return articles.  The search should not include categories, template, portals, files, or any other namespace.  But go on, open that RFC and see where the consensus lies.
 * A few second's thought or one minute's research would show that it's a daft idea, because portalspace consists overwhelming of sub-pages, most of which are on their own useless to readers (their value lies in being part of a main portal page). To save you that minute of research, here's a search of portalspace for the word city.
 * Anyway, if you wanna pursue the idea, then RFC is thataway. This here is MFD.  --  Brown HairedGirl  (talk) • (contribs) 20:06, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete and oppose re-creation per the nom. This portal is about an exceedingly narrow topic and has incredibly low readership (0.06% of the daily views of the head article), which is a clear fail of the WP:POG requirement that portals should be about "broad subject areas, which are likely to attract large numbers of interested readers and portal maintainers". Newshunter12 (talk) 18:57, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete and oppose re-creation, per the nominator. Low readership + trivial pageviews = clear fail of the WP:POG requirement that portals should be about "broad subject areas, which are likely to attract large numbers of interested readers and portal maintainers".
 * POG also guides that "the portal should be associated with a WikiProject (or have editors with sufficient interest) to help ensure a supply of new material for the portal and maintain the portal" ... but WP:WikiProject Monaco is inactive. -- Brown HairedGirl  (talk) • (contribs) 20:14, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Note to closing admin. I don't want in any way to prejudge the outcome ... but if you close this discussion as delete, please can you not remove the backlinks?  I have an AWB setup which allows me to easily replace them with links to the next most specific portal(s) (in this case Portal:Europe), without creating duplicate entries. --  Brown HairedGirl  (talk) • (contribs) 20:16, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep, lack of readers is not a reason for deletion. Were the four people viewing the page every day made unhappy by the existence of the portal? —Kusma (t·c) 16:18, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * 4 views a day is basically the background of bots, random clicks and editors; the number of readers is likely to be much less. DexDor(talk) 15:58, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Only having 1 reader per year is not a reason for deletion either, neither in article space nor in portal space. —Kusma (t·c) 16:45, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete and oppose re-creation per similar votes above. It does not benefit readers because it distracts from the article on Monaco. WP:POG requires large numbers of readers; 4 per day is not that. -Crossroads- (talk) 03:31, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, I do not follow. Would it be better if more than 4 people per day were "distracted from the article about Monaco"? —Kusma (t·c) 05:26, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Well, if people were significantly viewing it, then it would have some apparent value. But these ghost town portals are just redundant. Why distract the 4, I say. So yes, it would be better if it had many views, and shouldn't be deleted if that were true. I wouldn't have described it as a distraction then, because it would evidently have been an attraction in its own right. -Crossroads- (talk) 05:34, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Is there anything unusual about the Monaco portal which makes it especially distracting, or is this a general point that all portals distract from articles and should be deleted, implying the syllogism that Portal:Monaco is a portal therefore Portal:Monaco should be deleted? Certes (talk) 09:54, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete Small portal with a small amount of views. TrynaMakeADollar (talk) 00:46, 26 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Note to closer – The WP:POG page has been downgraded to an information page (diff). Per WP:POG2019RFC, it was determined that "there is clear consensus that the "Portal guidelines" are not, in fact, official guidelines." North America1000 20:32, 27 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note on POG. It is true that WP:POG has been downgraded to an information page, per the belated closure of WP:POG2019RFC.
 * However, if POG is no longer a guideline, then we apply WP:COMMONSENSE.
 * In the last 6 months, over 850 portals have been been deleted for failing the principles set out in the nomination. Community consensus on those principles is very clear and very stable.
 * Without a guideline, we apply WP:COMMONSENSE. Those advocating "keep" make no attempt to explain why they think is worth keeping a portal on a narrow topic, abandoned by its creator, with no WikiProject support, no active maintainers and almost no readers. The nomination offers clear reasons for deletion; the "keep" voters are simply taking a WP:ILIKEIT stance. --  Brown HairedGirl  (talk) • (contribs) 13:57, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Weak delete. The nomination isn't very strong, but IMO on balance wp isn't enhanced by the existence of this page. At present the page is ok (ignoring things like some bad formatting, linking to an inactive wikiproject, showing me an article about a footballer who just played for Monaco for 2 years), but doesn't provide much/any benefit over the article (I've seen no evidence that readers like the random-selected-article feature) and is unlikely to be maintained. DexDor(talk) 15:58, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep the only real rationale for deletion here is lack of pageviews, which is not a reason to delete something on Wikipedia. We don't use pageviews as a criterion for deletion anywhere else, and even the deprecated WP:POG doesn't say that (at least not explicitly). The lack of pageviews is likely down to the fact the portal isn't linked to very prominently, even the main Monaco article only links to it inside a collapsed navbox (as opposed to Portal:Geography and Portal:Europe which are linked more prominently). There is no community support for deletion or portals (or anything else) purely on the basis of pageviews, in fact a recent proposal to delete a load of portals just for having few pageviews went down in flames. Countries are reasonable subjects for portals and I'm not seeing much in the way of objections to the content of the portal.  Hut 8.5  17:56, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep - Keep per now. This portal seems to be a good case of single-page layout. The concept of single-page portals is not entirely bad, it still needs to mature ... or die with all other portals.Guilherme Burn (talk) 19:39, 1 October 2019 (UTC)


text:
User:TinsaeGi

Hi, I'm Tinsae. I'm from Ethopia and I'm a high school graduate. I like hiking, reading books and discover about world music. I currently volunteer @SelfEnginering as an administrative assistant and content editor. I'm so excited to be part of this and I hope to do a great work here.

title: User:TinsaeGi


text:
Colley (surname)

Colley is a surname. In England it contained the root col from which is derived Cole. It is also of Gambian origin. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Angela Colley (born 1964), Gambian politician
 * Anne Colley (born 1951), Irish politician
 * David Colley (born 1947), Australian cricketer
 * Ebrima Colley (born 2000), Gambian footballer
 * George Colley (1925–1983), Irish politician
 * George Pomeroy Colley (1835–1881), British General
 * Harold John Colley (1895–1918), British soldier
 * Henry Colley (disambiguation), multiple people
 * John Edward Colley (born 1948), original name of John Ford Coley, American pianist
 * Kenneth Colley (born 1937), British actor
 * Kevin Colley (born 1979), American ice hockey player
 * Linda Colley (born 1949), British historian
 * Mariama Colley (born 1988), Gambian actress
 * Michael Colley (1938–2013), American vice-admiral
 * Omar Colley (born 1992), Gambian footballer
 * Randy Colley (1950–2019), wrestler
 * Richard Colley (disambiguation), multiple people
 * Robert Colley (born 1954), New Zealand boxer
 * Russell Colley (1897–1996), engineer, early spacesuit creator
 * Samantha Colley (born 1987), British actress
 * Samuel Colley (1807–1890), American politician
 * Sarah Ophelia Colley Cannon or Minnie Pearl (1912–1996), American country comedian
 * Saruba Colley (born 1989), Gambian sprinter
 * Scott Colley (born 1963), jazz bassist
 * Susan Jane Colley (born 1959), American mathematician
 * Thomas Colley, 18th century Sellack, Herefordshire gentry
 * William Dixon Colley (1913–2001), Gambian journalist

title: Colley (surname)


text:
Talk:Drew Brierley

Delete
First class cricketer who scored 12 runs in 2 first class matches. Not a noteworthy person. Delete. Rustygecko (talk) 19:03, 11 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Drew Brierley


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Maouri people

Maouri people

 * ... that the Maouri people resisted an attack by the French Voulet-Chanoine Mission at the Battle of Lougou?
 * Reviewed: LaCrosse Footwear

Created/expanded by Cmprince (talk). Self nom at 11:38, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Sources are all offline, so AGF. Article is well-written and interesting; I've made a few minor copyedits but nothing particularly earth-shaking. Age and length requirements are met. QPQ review hasn't been carried out yet, so I'll hold off final endorsement of this nomination until it's done - but it should be just a formality at that point. Prioryman (talk) 19:11, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting keep.svg Thanks for doing the review - that concludes this one! Good to go now. Prioryman (talk) 07:14, 12 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Football at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's Asian Qualifiers

The Pre-Olympic tournaments of the Asian Qualifiers for the 1984 Summer Olympic were held from 12 August 1983 to 29 April 1984. Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Qatar qualified.

First round
North Korea was banned from international competitions for two years by the AFC and FIFA for attacking a referee after the 1982 Asian Games football semi-final match against Kuwait in New Delhi, India.

Group 3
Note: Saudi Arabia played home and away matches; the other four countries played tournaments in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur.

Round 1
Japan advanced to Round 2

Chinese Taipei advanced to Round 2

Second round
All games in this round were played in National Stadium, Singapore. All times in Singapore Standard Time (SST).

Group 1
Saudi Arabia won the group and qualified for the 1984 Summer Olympics football tournament.

Group 2
Qatar won the group and qualified for the 1984 Summer Olympics football tournament.

Playoff match
Iraq won the play-off and qualified for the 1984 Summer Olympics football tournament.


text:
Sneakerheads (TV series)

Sneakerheads is an American comedy television series created by Jay Longino that premiered on Netflix on September 25, 2020.

Cast and characters

 * Allen Maldonado as Devin
 * Andrew Bachelor as Bobby
 * Jearnest Corchado as Nori
 * Matthew Josten as Stuey
 * Yaani King as Christine
 * Justin Lee as Cole
 * Aja Evans as Gia

Development
On August 17, 2020, Netflix picked up Sneakerheads for a series consisting of 6 episodes. The series was created by Jay Longino, who also executive produced alongside Inny Clemons, Justin Killion, Will Gluck, Richard Schwartz, Kevin Mann, Brendan Bragg, Jason Belleville, Rod Grable, and Dave Meyers. The series premiered on September 25, 2020.

Casting
Upon the announcement that the series had been picked up, it was reported that Allen Maldonado, Andrew Bachelor, Jearnest Corchado, Matthew Josten, Yaani King, Justin Lee, and Aja Evans were cast in starring roles.

Reception
For the series, review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 57% based on 7 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. Metacritic gave the series a weighted average score of 47 out of 100 based on 4 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

title: Sneakerheads (TV series)


text:
List of public art in Dudley

This is a list of public art in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, in the West Midlands, England. This list applies only to works of public art accessible in an outdoor public space. For example, this does not include artwork visible inside a museum.

title: List of public art in Dudley


text:
Talk:Black Satellite

Unreliable sources
Beyond the Stage Magazine does not appear to be reliable, as it doesn't include a byline and its website suggests that it may not be fully professional and may include promotional content. If this source is indeed not reliable, it throws the subject's notability into question, as most of the other coverage is primary/trivial. signed,Rosguill talk 22:31, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Original redirect creator here. Agreed that BTS is not a reliable source, but the Billboard and Loudwire sources probably scrape by for notability. (Still don’t know how this little band keeps getting Billboard features like this. I created the redirect years ago because they had a Billboard feature, but never created a band article because they didn’t really have any other sourcing. Which is weird. Billboard his high level, so it’s weird to be the starting point of/ the only coverage.) Sergecross73   msg me  00:18, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Black Satellite


text:
Talk:Nathaniel Palmer

Untitled
This article has been extensively rewritten and lengthened with information from the French-language article, which was superior. Bigturtle 17:16, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Not an ice breaker
Well technically, the Palmer isn't a ice breaker. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:59, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

 * It is if it's the first thing you talk about when you start to converse with someone you don't know. :)  --   Jack of Oz   [your turn]  02:08, 3 September 2011 (UTC)

Capt. Jacob Loper House
Why does the paragraph about Palmer buying the Loper House include so much information about accomplishments of Loper and sons? "Moby Dick" inspirations and "All Found" sailor agreements are not so relevant to why the house was significant to Palmer, so shouldn't those items be in a referenced separate article? (Esobocinski (talk) 02:13, 27 January 2022 (UTC))

 * Is there any source at all for the Loper material? 2600:4040:310E:1600:A171:D4D3:2EC2:B3C4 (talk) 20:08, 7 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nathaniel Palmer


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chris Smith (American academic)

The result was   keep, withdrawn. —David Eppstein (talk) 06:57, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

Chris Smith (American academic)

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Fails WP:NPROF and WP:GNG all the sources are primary sources or self published. Domdeparis (talk) 16:06, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Academics and educators-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 18:58, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Law-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 18:58, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Comment The relevant guidelines would appear to be WP:AUTHOR and WP:PROF. Regarding the latter, his GS h-index of 29 appears respectable, although I am not the one to judge what is above-average performance in the legal field. In addition, I fairly quickly turned up two reviews of one of his books (Courts and the Poor, 1991), which suggests that a keep on the "multiple independent reviews" clause might be defensible. Also, he is coauthor on a textbook that has apparently gone through 15 editions, with a 16th on the way (ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>907), which — even with the proliferation of editions that textbook publishers love — sounds like a decent achievement. XOR'easter (talk) 23:13, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep. Thanks for digging out the GS record. citations give clear pass of WP:Prof at least. Xxanthippe (talk) 00:16, 21 September 2017 (UTC).
 * Nomination withdrawn thanks for finding that I didn't find those myself given his very common name I think. I'll make a bigger effort next time. If someone could close this for me I would be grateful as I am on my smart phone today. Domdeparis (talk) 05:09, 21 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
Arato

Arato is a reservoir located in the Inderta woreda of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The earthen dam that holds the reservoir was built in 1997 by SAERT.

Dam characteristics

 * Dam height: 20 metres
 * Dam crest length: 443 metres
 * Spillway width: 20 metres

Capacity

 * Original capacity: 2 590 000 m³
 * Dead storage: 647 698 m³
 * Reservoir area: 40 ha

Irrigation

 * Designed irrigated area: 120 ha
 * Actual irrigated area in 2002: 27 ha

Environment
The catchment of the reservoir is 12 km2 large, with a perimeter of 16 km and a length of 4950 m. The reservoir suffers from rapid siltation. The lithology of the catchment is Antalo Limestone and Mekelle Dolerite. Part of the water that could be used for irrigation is lost through seepage; the positive side-effect is that this contributes to groundwater recharge.

title: Arato


text:
Dan Ryan (Oregon politician)

Dan Ryan (born June 21, 1962) is an American non-profit executive and politician who was elected to the Portland City Council on August 12, 2020. Ryan defeated Multnomah County Commissioner Loretta Smith in a runoff election to succeed Nick Fish, who died of stomach cancer on January 2, 2020. Ryan will serve for the remainder of Fish's term, which ends in 2022.

Early life and education
Ryan was born in North Portland, Oregon, the youngest of eight children. Ryan was the first in his family to graduate from college. Ryan earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Oregon and took graduate courses at The New School.

Career
Prior to announcing his candidacy for Portland City Council, Ryan worked as an administrator at Portland State University, where he managed the school's first capital campaign.

Ryan served as a member of the Portland School Board from 2005 to 2008, and was the CEO of All Hands Raised, an education non-profit, from 2008 to 2019. Ryan is the third LGBT person elected as a commissioner of Portland, and the first to have been diagnosed with HIV. Upon his election in August, Ryan called for an end to the 2020 Portland protests and committed to establishing a "peace summit" between local politicians and activists. Ryan assumed office on September 9, 2020.

During his campaign, Ryan was endorsed by City Commissioner Jo Ann Hardesty and former Governor Barbara Roberts.

Personal life
While living in New York City in 1986, Ryan was diagnosed with HIV. In 1996, Ryan was diagnosed with pneumocystis and was given between six months and a year to live. He then returned from Seattle, where he was living at the time, to his hometown of Portland, Oregon, expecting to die soon.

title: Dan Ryan (Oregon politician)


text:
Wiktionary talk:Votes/2007-11/Lemma entries 2

Exceptions?
I think words and phrases like "ordinarily" and "though exceptional cases may need to be handled differently" should be sprinkled liberally. If the idea is that this duplication of information is usually detrimental, it might nonetheless be worthwhile in some unusual circumstances. (I actually think such duplication is never worthwhile, but clearly there is disagreement about this, and apparently wikis are supposed to be about compromise or something?) —Ruakh TALK 04:24, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

 * That makes sense, so please sprinkle away. It's a wiki, so I can always just revert you.  ;-)  Rod (A. Smith) 04:35, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

Links to main entries
I'm still a little off about the "See full entry x for additional details," at least where it is after the definition. It doesn't look/feel right. It might be better italicized, or in a usage notes section. I think that would probably be the best way, actually. If no other real "additional details" exist (like if a word really only does have one meaning) then those things don't need to be pointed out, but if they do, a usage notes section with a note to check the main entry would be a good little combination. I think it's safe to assume that if someone wants more information on a word (other forms, definitions or whatever) that they will go back to the main article to check it out, whether there's a note to do so or not. — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 15:57, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Yeah. The link to from the secondary entry to the main entry doesn't look quite right to me, either.  Currently, it uses the “form of” styles, which readers can customize using WT:PREFS or WT:CUSTOM for various combinations of italics, bold, etc., but there is room for improvement.  You also make a good point that it may be more effective for some secondary entries to put it in the usage notes section.  If we do that, what wording can we use to ensure that readers know to check the main entry for additional senses, synonyms, and translations?  Even if the main entry only has a single sense when the secondary entry is created, other senses are likely to be added to the main entry at some later date.  So, where are appropriate places and what is effective wording to tell readers that the main entry may have more senses, synonyms, translations, etc.?  Rod (A. Smith) 18:26, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with most of your comment, but disagree with this part: “I think it's safe to assume that if someone wants more information on a word (other forms, definitions or whatever) that they will go back to the main article to check it out, whether there's a note to do so or not.” On the contrary, I think it's safe to assume that if someone is visiting a non-main entry, it's because they don't realize it's not the main entry or don't know what the main entry is. Some editors here want to be uberhelpful and make non-main entries as useful as possible for such people, but the more we add to such entries, the less obvious it will be that they're not main entries and that the main entry has more information. (Granted, some editors apparently want to eliminate the main—non-main distinction completely, and this would also eliminate that problem; this comment isn't directed at them.) —Ruakh TALK 18:33, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

Scope reduction
Trying to confine foreign term definitions (translations into English), any language synonyms, and further semantic relations to “main” entries seems likely to encounter heavy to opposition since some see that as an anti-freedom-wiki-joie-de-vivre restriction for problems that they think bots will some day solve. A more conservative approach that only limits translations (from English to foreign lemmata) would presumably encounter less opposition. Some contributors also oppose lengthening WT:ELE because of TLDR. To kill two birds with one stone, then, I propose the following tack:

 * 1) Update Translations to explain that full translation tables should usually only be in “main” (lemma) English entries and should only list the foreign language lemma (e.g. fabulor) or, if the community prefers, only the “second language lemma” (e.g. fabulārī).
 * 2) Vote to upgrade Translations to a policy page and to trim WT:ELE to one brief paragraph, directing further interested readers to Translations.

What say ye? Rod (A. Smith) 05:36, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry, what's this "foreign language lemma = fabulor" vs. "second language lemma = fabulārī" thing? I don't get it at all. —Ruakh TALK 05:48, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Oh yeah, that would be good to explain. Some foreign language resources traditionally use a different grammatical forms from English as the citation/lemma form.  For example, Latin dictionaries traditionally use the first person singular present tense indicative form of verbs as the lemma/citation form.  In Languages with more than one grammatical gender, a contributor recommended to translate English terms into the “second-language lemma” form, giving ambulare: as an example, as opposed to the traditional Latin lemma .  My compact bilingual Latin-English dictionary uses that form as well, so it seems to deserve consideration.  Rod (A. Smith) 07:22, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Oh. I don't see that as an issue for Translations, but for the relevant language-considerations page. As of right now, we do have lemma and non-lemma entries, and the language-considerations page should decide which word is the lemma. It would be rather sucky if translations tables linked to non-lemma entries; that would just be more work for the reader, with no benefits whatsoever. —Ruakh TALK 18:29, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, some editors don't think that we should restrict translations to lemma forms, but would prefer to encourage translations into each of the inflected foreign forms that might be used as a translation of a given English form.  It seems important for Translations or some other language-agnostic project page to restrict translation tables to lemma forms, and to explain somewhere why that restriction is important.  Rod (A. Smith) 19:09, 8 November 2007 (UTC)


text:
Il figlio delle selve

Il Figlio delle selve is an opera in three acts by Ignaz Holzbauer to a libretto by Carlo Sigismondo Capece premiering in June 1753 at the Schlosstheater Schwetzingen for Kurfürst Carl Theodor zu Mannheim, securing Holzbauer employment as kapellmeister. The opera was revived by Staats Theater Mainz for the Schwetzingen Festival 2003, and again for the Festival de Radio France et Montpellier Languedoc Roussillon in July 2005.

title: Il figlio delle selve


text:
candide

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) candid, frank
 * 2) naive, overtrusting

Noun

 * 1) a candid person

Noun

 * 1) a mountain clouded yellow, a butterfly of Europe

title: candide