text:
LeTourneau L-2350

The P&H L-2350 Wheel Loader (formerly the L-2350 loader) is a loader used for surface mining. It is manufactured by Komatsu Limited. It holds the Guinness World Record for Biggest Earth Mover. Designed to center-load haul trucks with capacities of up to 400 ST, the L-2350 provides an operating payload of 80 ST, a 7.03 m lift height, and an 11.5 ft reach.

History
The L-2350 was originally manufactured by LeTourneau Inc., LeTourneau Inc. was acquired by Marathon in 1972, Rowan Companies in 1986, and Joy Global in 2011.

Joy Global renamed the equipment as the P&H L-2350.

Specifications

 * Operational weight 266.62 t
 * Power 1715 kW
 * Engine 16 Cylinder 65 Litre Detroit Diesel 4-cycle Turbocharged Aftercooler Engine or 16 cylinder 60 Litre Cummins Diesel 4-cycle Turbocharged Aftercooler Engine of 1715 kW
 * Hydraulic lifting payload 72 ST
 * Standard Bucket 40.52 m3
 * Fuel Tank 3974 L
 * Hydraulic Oil 1230 L
 * Tyres 70/70-57 SRG DT (diameter 4 m, width 1.78 m) [d=13.12 ft & w=5.84 ft]
 * Cost $1.5M (2012)

title: LeTourneau L-2350


text:
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text:
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Acids and bases/Electrophiles and nucleophiles

<< Electron donors and acceptors | pKa and acidity >>

Electrophiles are "electron-lovers". (The suffix -phile means "lover of", as bibliophile means "lover of books"). Electrophiles seek electrons.

Nucleophiles, or "nucleus lovers", seek positively charged nuclei.

Electrophiles and nucleophiles are often ions, but sometimes not.

<< Foundational concepts | << Acids and bases | Electron donors and acceptors >> | Electrophiles and nucleophiles | pKa and acidity >> | Alkanes >>


text:
Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 August 19

August 19
This is a list of redirects that have been proposed for deletion or other action on August 19, 2020.

Amamayong
 Closed discussion, see full discussion. Result was:

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . signed,Rosguill talk 17:04, 27 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Amamayong → Sigbin (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amamayong&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

This mythical creature seems to have a lot of names, but this one fails to appear at target article. I also can't find a reliable source that provides any evidence of its usage. CycloneYoris talk! 23:49, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Comment: I was pinged here. I created the redirect 11 years ago. I don't remember creating it, but the name Amamayong did appear at this article at the time. No doubt that's why I made the redirect. See revision history: . By all means though delete the redirect if a reliable source can't be found. Damien Linnane (talk) 00:59, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes that was tagged with citation needed at that time.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 18:08, 20 August 2020 (UTC)

Ham steak
Relisted, see Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 August 27%23Ham steak

Mandatory Offer
 Closed discussion, see full discussion. Result was:

 * The result of the discussion was procedural close , as redirect has been converted to an article. I'll move it to the proper capitalization. N.b., if the BLAR edit-warring was recent, such a close would not be appropriate. --BDD (talk) 15:48, 20 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Mandatory Offer → Takeover (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandatory_Offer&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Not mentioned in target article. However, this redirect is a R with history that was seemingly WP:BLANKANDREDIRECT-ed in 2009, was restored by the article creator in 2013, then was re-WP:BLANKANDREDIRECT-ed a few hours later by the same editor. who performed the 2009 redirection. Steel1943 (talk) 22:11, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Restore and move to mandatory offer I've started expanding the article that was previously in the history. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:29, 20 August 2020 (UTC)

Draft:Nina Kapur
Relisted, see Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 August 27%23Draft:Nina Kapur

Silk (Corn Stalk Part)
Relisted, see Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 August 27%23Silk (Corn Stalk Part)

Kretzulesco
 Closed discussion, see full discussion. Result was:

 * The result of the discussion was retarget  to Ottomar Rodolphe Vlad Dracula Prince Kretzulesco. signed,Rosguill talk 14:34, 28 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Kretzulesco → Dracula (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kretzulesco&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Not mentioned in target article. However, this redirect is a R with history that was redirected almost 13 years ago. Steel1943 (talk) 21:14, 3 August 2020 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
 * Comment the page history suggests that the article was originally about the daughter of Catherine Caradja (as she died in 1997, Catherine in 1993), but subsequent edits introduced a mix-up over who adopted Ottomar Rodolphe Vlad Dracula Prince Kretzulesco. It is most likely that anyone redirected from Kretzulesco would be have been looking for someone of this family rather than Dracula. EdwardUK (talk) 23:18, 3 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Retarget to Ottomar Rodolphe Vlad Dracula Prince Kretzulesco as an R from surname. Not a very active user (talk) 10:11, 4 August 2020 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, CycloneYoris talk! 23:40, 10 August 2020 (UTC)
 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
 * Delete. The term is ambiguous and Search yields better results. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 18:20, 12 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Retarget to Ottomar Rodolphe Vlad Dracula Prince Kretzulesco per Not a very active user. The only other use I could find was a fictional character from The Wonderful 101. --BDD (talk) 18:25, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, signed,Rosguill talk 19:48, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Retarget and tag per above. Standard, when we have only one article on a person with a particular surname, see the R from surname documentation. Narky Blert (talk) 20:12, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Noting that this is also a plausible misspelling and possibly also an other-language variant of Crețulescu. – Uanfala (talk) 23:22, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I can't find any evidence in German, Romanian or Russian WPs that Kretzulesco is a variant spelling of Kretzulescu. The only Kretzulesco in Romanian WP is ro:Ottomar Rodolphe Vlad Dracula Prince Kretzulesco. Nevertheless, a redirect hatnote/see also as appropriate would certainly be a good idea. Narky Blert (talk) 03:05, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * The lead of Crețulescu was misleading, and it lacked the surname categories. I've edited it. Narky Blert (talk) 03:05, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Retarget to Ottomar Rodolphe Vlad Dracula Prince Kretzulesco and tag with R from surname per Not a very active user. Captain  Galaxy  12:07, 28 August 2020 (UTC)

Long kong
Relisted, see Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 August 26%23Long kong

Phillip Ansel Roll

 * The result of the discussion was delete.  --BDD (talk) 19:57, 27 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Phillip Ansel Roll → Hugo Butler (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phillip_Ansel_Roll&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Not mentioned at the target, delete unless a justification can be provided signed,Rosguill talk 16:22, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete. I think this exists because Phillip Ansel Roll (or Phillip Ansell Roll) worked on Robinson Crusoe (1954 film) with Hugo Butler, but he's not mentioned in that article, or anywhere else in Enwiki. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 08:47, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

STFU

 * The result of the discussion was move disambiguation page to base name (this should have been a move request). -- JHunterJ (talk) 12:00, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

 * STFU → Southern Tenant Farmers Union (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STFU&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Google search points to Shut the fuck up and the Rina Sawayama song titled "STFU!". Backed by pageviews, I suspect that one of these is the primary topic, or that there is no primary topic. Either way, this organization definitely isn't. –LaundryPizza03 ( d c̄ ) 16:03, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Move STFU (disambiguation) to STFU since the nominator isn't clear what is the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC for "STFU", and neither am I. Steel1943  (talk) 16:17, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Move STFU (disambiguation) to STFU as per Steel1943. Onel 5969  TT me 16:23, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Keep. STFU also means "Southern Tenant Farmers Union", and that is the main abbreviation. But there are other STFU thingys, so no need to move anything from now. Seventyfiveyears at 17:12, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * "Also"? Southern Tenant Farmers Union is the current target. "But there are other STFU thingys...": Yep, and they are all listed at STFU (disambiguation). So, what evidence do you have that Southern Tenant Farmers Union is the primary meaning for "STFU"? Steel1943  (talk) 17:18, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 *  Move - STFU (disambiguation) to STFU unless something is definitely shown as the primary topic. --Jax 0677 (talk) 17:36, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * WP:ROBIN swap STFU and STFU (disambiguation) to put the DAB page at the basename (which comes to the same thing as the moves already !voted for but retains all history). IMO Southern Tenant Farmers Union (who?) is definitely not a WP:PRIMARYREDIRECT target. Narky Blert (talk) 19:51, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 *  Reply - I am open to a round robin swap. --Jax 0677 (talk) 23:34, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Comment: Oh wow, I just noticed this redirect had a prior RfD: Redirects for discussion/Log/2015 June 12. As the editor who basically stated the rationale that resulted in the redirect being "kept" since most other participants cited it for their rationale, do you have any thoughts on this and/or has anything changed in the last five years? (STFU (disambiguation) was created a few months ago, so there may be something new.)  Steel1943  (talk) 23:00, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 *  Reply - STFU! was released in 2019 after the RfD was completed. --Jax 0677 (talk) 23:34, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes, I think things have changed in the emergence of new topics and the creation of the disambiguation page. --BDD (talk) 15:40, 20 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Disambiguate: We do not have a primary topic for this title. So it would be best to delete this redirect and move the disambiguation page to the primary title. Aasim 17:48, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Move STFU (disambiguation) to STFU because there is no primary topic. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 08:24, 23 August 2020 (UTC)
 * ... and at the same time, retarget Stfu, S.T.F.U., S.t.f.u., S.T.F.U, S.t.f.u to the disambiguation page. (I have started a separate RfD for SDFU and Sdfu). Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 08:39, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Sketch Films
Relisted, see Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 August 26%23Sketch Films

Origins of the Hermit Brothers of the Order of Saint Augustine and Their True Establishment Before the Great Lateran Council

 * The result of the discussion was keep  . signed,Rosguill talk 16:10, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Origins of the Hermit Brothers of the Order of Saint Augustine and Their True Establishment Before the Great Lateran Council → Origins of the Hermit Friars of the Order of Saint Augustine and Their True Establishment Before the Great Lateran Council (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Origins_of_the_Hermit_Brothers_of_the_Order_of_Saint_Augustine_and_Their_True_Establishment_Before_the_Great_Lateran_Council&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

The main article was renamed, however it was wrongly renamed to this, it has subsequently been renamed again. Hence this redirect is wrongly named + is not required. Devoke water  (talk)  15:18, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. It's a translation of the subject's main non-English title, and I could see how a foreign-language word could be translated as "friars" and "brothers" since in context, they are synonyms. Steel1943  (talk) 16:14, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Hi Steel1943  (talk) there are two directs a wrong one (i.e. this one) + a correct one. Regards -- Devoke water   (talk)  18:03, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I don't think having the following information will change my opinion on the nominated redirect, but I'll ask anyways: What is the "correct" one? Steel1943  (talk) 19:32, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * see Talk:Origins of the Hermit Friars of the Order of Saint Augustine and Their True Establishment Before the Great Lateran Council Devoke water   (talk)   20:34, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I assume you are referring to Talk:Origins of the Hermit Friars of the Order of Saint Augustine and Their True Establishment Before the Great Lateran Council. The redirects mentioned there are the nominated one, and a version of the nominated redirect's target using "St." instead of "Saint" and "His" instead of "Their". Yep, my opinion remains unchanged on this nominated redirect. Steel1943  (talk) 20:56, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Keep per and Steel. There's no harm in slightly-off-the-mark redirects, as long as they are unambiguous (as this one surely is). This redirect is starting to get pageviews from old links that best not be broken. —  J947 ‡ message ⁓ edits 19:33, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Keep. So far as I can tell, both titles are unofficial translations of the 17th Century Spanish, and therefore equally right or equally wrong (as WP:OR). Narky Blert (talk) 20:01, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

Rooves

 * The result of the discussion was keep  . signed,Rosguill talk 16:10, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Rooves → Roof (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rooves&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

This redirect is innacurrate and implausible. Seventyfiveyears at 15:06, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 *  Keep - Per, "Rooves" is plural for "roof". --Jax 0677 (talk) 15:33, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Keep per rooves and all of this. —  J947 ‡ message ⁓ edits 19:29, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Keep per above. Perfectly good spelling, compare hoof and poof#Etymology 2 . Narky Blert (talk) 20:06, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * My mistake, | for : so it should be wikt:poof. Thanks to for spotting that. Narky Blert (talk) 18:49, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Keep, but contrary to other editors the plural of "roof" is "roofs", with "rooves" being variously described as secondary, archaic or incorrect. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 20:48, 20 August 2020 (UTC)

Sketch (comics)

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . signed,Rosguill talk 16:10, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Sketch (comics) → List of Marvel Comics characters: S (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sketch_(comics)&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Delete. "Sketch" is no longer included in this list and the redirect serves no purpose. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 15:02, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete - The redirect has some history, but it would likely have gone to AFD and been deleted. WP:ATD-R still requires a suitable page to redirect to, and given that the edit summary when removed from the list is pretty convincing, this seems like a pseudo-WP:G8. -2pou (talk) 17:27, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

WInds.

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . signed,Rosguill talk 16:09, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

 * WInds. → Wind (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WInds.&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]
 * WInds → Wind (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WInds&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]
 * Winds. → Wind (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winds.&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Between the misuse of capitalization of the letter "I" and the use of a full stop (period) after some of these redirects, I don't see how any are useful and seem to visualize the premise behind the "WP:COSTLY" side of the "WP:CHEAP vs WP:COSTLY" argument. Steel1943 (talk) 05:35, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Implausible search terms. CycloneYoris talk! 08:23, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Definitely delete the ones with periods, since that's unnecessary punctuation and Winds already takes care of that. Weak delete WInds, which might result from someone holding the key for too long, but the consensus for those sorts of redirects seems to be for them to go. Regards,  SONIC  678  14:44, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom -- Devoke water   (talk)  16:01, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete: We do not need to create redirects for every single misspelling of "Wind" or "Winds". Aasim 00:26, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete. Malformed and slightly ambiguous, my first thought with hearing "winds" is the woodwinds section of an orchestra. Hog Farm Bacon 02:28, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete all these errors since the correct version winds exists. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 20:50, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom like the Cl0ck to Clock example.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 21:24, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Keep, doesn't clutter the search function, useless to nominate, occasionally helpful, etc. —  J947 ‡ message ⁓ edits 01:57, 25 August 2020 (UTC)

Skian

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . signed,Rosguill talk 16:09, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Skian → Knife (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skian&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Not mentioned in target article. The redirect is currently tagged with R from alternative language, which hints a WP:FORRED issue. However, results on third party engines hint the word, in another language, represents a part of a wing of an animal? Steel1943 (talk) 05:24, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete per WP:RFFL. It's an anglicised spelling of Scottish Gaelic "sgian", as in sgian-dubh. According to Wiktionary, "skian" is Manx language for "wing" - wikt:skian. Narky Blert (talk) 05:56, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete Given Narky Blert's findings, neither knife nor wing makes for a valid target, per WP:FORRED and WP:XY. Fälö by briefly mentions an uninhabited islet by this name, but I can't find any source verifying its existence so I'm reluctant to endorse retargeting there either. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:07, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I have no opinion on the RfD, but I don't think WP:XY means what you think it means. jnestorius(talk) 08:40, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Shrug see Redirects for discussion/Log/2019 July 30 for some discussion on that point. The claim that WP:XY can only apply to redirects in the form "X and Y" was added just a few months ago. However, as Uanfala stated at the RfC on the talk page a couple of days after that update: I don't see a need to specifically single out one very specific type of ambiguous redirect (of the form X + conjunction + Y) and have a separate rule for that: the underlying logic applies to all ambiguous redirects.. Given that the change to XY doesn't appear to reflect any strong consensus, I'll keep using what it meant before. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:23, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

Cable sheath splitting knife

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . signed,Rosguill talk 16:09, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Cable sheath splitting knife → Knife (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cable_sheath_splitting_knife&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

No such WP:PRECISE subject mentioned in the target article. Readers will not find what they are looking for if they search this redirect since the target article seems absent of such information. Steel1943 (talk) 05:19, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete as unnecessary and misleading. CycloneYoris talk! 08:26, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete. Enwiki has nothing specific about this topic. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 08:20, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

Long-blade knife

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . signed,Rosguill talk 16:09, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Long-blade knife → Blade (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Long-blade_knife&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

It's no clear if the best target for this redirect is its current target or Knife. Neither option seems to have sufficient information to identify the subject of this redirect, so it may be better to delete this redirect so that the search function can better serve our readers find what they are looking for. Steel1943 (talk) 05:18, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete per WP:XY and as ambiguous. How long is a piece of blade? Narky Blert (talk) 06:00, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Retarget to Knife. Knife blades are long, but not too long. Seventyfiveyears at 17:57, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
 * "Knife blades are long, but not too long." I don't understand how that is relevant in the least to determining a target. Either way, the concept of "long-blade" or "long blade" isn't described there either. Retargeting to Knife seems equally as unhelpful per my nomination statement. Steel1943 (talk) 19:30, 22 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete. This redirect is ambiguous and may cause confusion. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 08:19, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

Bot Science

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . signed,Rosguill talk 16:08, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Bot Science → Robot (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bot_Science&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

The term is not exclusive to its target. The redirect could refer to the science of multiple subjects located at the disambiguation page Bot. Steel1943 (talk) 05:15, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

F R A N K

 * The result of the discussion was delete -- JHunterJ (talk) 11:58, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

 * F R A N K → Frank (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F_R_A_N_K&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Implausible due to the spaces and since no subjects on the target on the target page are acronyms with spaces. Steel1943 (talk) 05:13, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Implausible search term. Narky Blert (talk) 06:01, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom -- Devoke water   (talk)  13:30, 21 August 2020 (UTC)

F (Los Angeles Metro)

 * The result of the discussion was delete.  --BDD (talk) 19:57, 27 August 2020 (UTC)

 * F (Los Angeles Metro) → G Line (Los Angeles Metro) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F_(Los_Angeles_Metro)&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]
 * Line F (Los Angeles Metro) → G Line (Los Angeles Metro) (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Line_F_(Los_Angeles_Metro)&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Procedural nomination, erroneously nominated for PROD by with the justification this service does not exist, and there is no mention of this alternate name in linked article. That having been said, I agree with this rationale myself. signed,Rosguill talk 04:45, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete ambiguous typo, could also refer to D Line (Los Angeles Metro). -  C HAMPION  (talk) (contributions) (logs) 05:43, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete LA Metro used "F line" in an early draft, but it was later changed and never officially announced. Lexlex (talk) 15:09, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete ambiguous -- Devoke water  (talk)  13:30, 21 August 2020 (UTC)

Contagious cerebrophagia

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . signed,Rosguill talk 16:08, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Contagious cerebrophagia → Zombie (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Contagious_cerebrophagia&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Not mentioned in target article, making the association unclear and possibly leaving readers wondering why they arrived at the target when searching this redirect's name. Steel1943 (talk) 03:36, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete. This term seems to be from a (hopefully spoof) essay "Towards a Hermeneutics of Contagious Cerebrophagia in Games of No Agency" by Frank Lantz (I could only find author and title) which has gained no traction. That title looks like a nod towards "Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity" by physicist Alan Sokal. Narky Blert (talk) 06:34, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete. If this is a thing, Enwiki has nothing about it. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 08:18, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

Shambling
Relisted, see Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 August 26%23Shambling

Hari-Faliyan

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . signed,Rosguill talk 16:07, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Hari-Faliyan → Green bean (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hari-Faliyan&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Not mentioned in target article. Seems to be a WP:FORRED is due pertaining to the Hindi language. Steel1943 (talk) 02:19, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete. Enwiki has nothing about "Hari-Faliyan". Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 08:15, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

Aggie Cupholder

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . signed,Rosguill talk 16:07, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Aggie Cupholder → Cup holder (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aggie_Cupholder&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Confusing since "Aggie" is not mentioned in the target page, leaving the reader mislead into thinking information about this subject exists at the target. Steel1943 (talk) 01:55, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete. Sounds like one of the many possibilities at Aggie, or possibly something associated with the game of marbles. Narky Blert (talk) 06:12, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

Perverted-Justice.com/MediaRevision
Relisted, see Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 August 28%23Perverted-Justice.com/MediaRevision

Wikipedia:ATBA

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . signed,Rosguill talk 16:07, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

 * ATBA → Wikipedia:Blocking policy (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:ATBA&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

I can see zero reason why this link would lead to that target. We don't need a redirect to make an acronym for every subsection of every policy. Primefac (talk) 01:03, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Comment. I had to read the section and the abbreviation multiple times before I thought that it could stand for "Against the blocking administrator". Seventyfiveyears at 01:33, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

Non human language

 * The result of the discussion was delete  . signed,Rosguill talk 16:04, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Non human language → Animal language (talk · links · [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Non_human_language&action=history history] · stats)     [ Closure:  ]

Could also refer to Alien language. Probably best to delete. Steel1943 (talk) 00:00, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete as ambiguous. Could also refer to Enochian. Narky Blert (talk) 06:04, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete I first thought of computer language when reading the title. -  C HAMPION  (talk) (contributions) (logs) 07:13, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete as vague and overly confusing. CycloneYoris talk! 08:19, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete ambiguous -- Devoke water  (talk)  15:36, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete. This redirect is too ambiguous and misleading. Seventyfiveyears at 17:51, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete. Redirect doesn't make sense, misleading, and probably the reason is rule number one or more in Redirect. StaleGuy22 (talk) 16:47, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete per above comments. Hardly used anyway. Station1 (talk) 04:54, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete – It is WP:SNOWing. --Soumya-8974 talk contribs subpages 09:09, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete: Implausible target. Aasim 16:24, 24 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Nafaqah

Nafaqah (نَفَقَة), nafaqa or nafkah is the Islamic legal term for the financial support a husband must provide for his wife (during marriage and for a time after divorce) and children.

Under an Islamic marriage agreement, the husband is obliged to pay for his wife's housing (including furniture ), food and clothing in the course of their marriage.

The clothing consists of the following each year:

 * Two dirs
 * Long shirt with an openable collar
 * Wool in winter
 * Two khimars
 * Alternatively, kerchief, headwrap or muffler
 * Silk in winter
 * Two milhafas
 * Clothing a woman wears when she goes out
 * Ample and long coat
 * Silk in winter
 * Underpants
 * Thick coat
 * Bed
 * Blanket

He is generally also expected to pay for all her medical expenses, although schools of legal thought differ on this point. The obligation to pay nafaqa starts as soon as the wife moves into the conjugal dwelling. Depending on social class and agreement, nafaqah can also include support for the wife's family members or servants, so as to provide a living standard consistent with her peers. In the event of divorce, the same mode of support is stipulated for three months afterwards. When a woman dies, her funeral expenses will be paid by her husband.

The financial rights of children encompass the right to livelihood, property and inheritance. The Quran imposes an obligation on the father to financially support the breast-feeding mother for their child's welfare and well-being. A son will be paid nafaqa until he reaches puberty. Daughters will be supported until they get married. If a poor person earns only a bare pittance, it will not be fard for him to pay nafaqa to his poor father.

title: Nafaqah


text:
Tue

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:, Die., Dienst.
 * Hindi:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean:
 * Portuguese:
 * Scottish Gaelic: Dim
 * Swahili: Jnn

Etymology 2
Anglicisation of from analogy with.

Proper noun

 * 1)   the god.
 * 2) * 2013, Kate Sedley, The Christmas Wassail (Severn House, Sutton, UK; ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>:
 * "If he can't mention Tue, Woden, Thor and Frig, how is he going to pronounce the days of the week?"
 * 1) * 2013, Kate Sedley, The Christmas Wassail (Severn House, Sutton, UK; ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>:
 * "If he can't mention Tue, Woden, Thor and Frig, how is he going to pronounce the days of the week?"

Proper noun

 * , short for compound names beginning with the element -, a variant of

title: Tue


text:
Atlas Shrugged/Synopsis/Chapters 1-5

=Atlas Shrugged, Part 1=

Section 111: Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 1

 * Plot summary:
 * Walking through a crumbling downtown Manhattan, Eddie Willers wonders why the world is in such a dilapidated state. He comes upon a bum, who asks him "Who is John Galt?"
 * After an unsuccessful discussion with Orren Boyle regarding yet another late order of steel, he returns to the Taggart Transcontinental Building in order to tell James Taggart the bad news about an unfulfilled steel order and another train wreck. His intent is to make Taggart see the desperate state of Taggart Transcontinental and the importance of the Rio Norte Line, which services one of the only remaining successful businesses in the world of Atlas Shrugged. After a bunch of invectives against successful businesses, Taggart shoos him away. Walking out, Eddie passes by Pop Harper, who complains in vain that the new typewriters cannot compare with the old ones.

 * The following Things in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * Rio Norte Line
 * Associated Steel - mentioned
 * Rearden Steel
 * Phoenix-Durango
 * September 2

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * Downtown New York
 * The Taggart Transcontinental Building

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Bum Number 1 - first and only appearance
 * Eddie Willers
 * Ellis Wyatt - mentioned
 * Hank Rearden - mentioned
 * James Taggart
 * Orren Boyle - mentioned
 * Pop Harper - first and only appearance

 * Mysteries:
 * The question "Who is John Galt?" opens the book (and ends this section, as well as the first chapter) and is repeated over and over. Who is John Galt?  Where did the phrase come from?  What does it mean?  Where did this question originate from?

Section 112: Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 2

 * Plot summary:
 * Dagny Taggart is riding the Taggart Comet back to New York after inspecting the Rio Norte Line. She hears a Brakeman whistling an unpublished piece from her favorite composer, Richard Halley, but the brakeman refuses to acknowledge this or say where he heard it.  After falling asleep and waking up, Dagny discovers the train has come to a stop at a siding.  She finds the train crew passively awaiting instructions, and gives them orders on how to proceed.  Faced with this incompetence, she decides to promote Owen Kellogg to superintendent of the Ohio Division.

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * Taggart Comet, stalled between Cleveland and New York.

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Young Brakeman
 * Conductor - first and only appearance
 * Engineer - first and only appearance
 * Dagny Taggart
 * Owen Kellogg - mentioned
 * Passenger Number 1 - first and only appearance
 * Passenger Number 2 - first and only appearance
 * Richard Halley - mentioned

 * Mysteries:
 * What was the Brakeman whistling?
 * Did Halley write a Fifth Concerto?

Section 113: Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 3

 * Plot summary:
 * Dagny Taggart and the Comet arrive at the Taggart Terminal. She gets off the train inadvertently whistling the theme from Halley's Fifth Concerto.  The Brakeman watches her tensely.

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * Taggart Terminal

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Dagny Taggart
 * Brakeman

Section 114: Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 4

 * Plot summary:
 * Dagny Taggart meets with James Taggart and Eddie Willers. She informs them that she has ordered Rearden Metal rail from Rearden Steel to be used to replace the tracks of the Rio Norte Line.  Later she calls Mr. Ayers, who is the exclusive publisher of Halley's works, to determine if Richard Halley ever published a Fifth Concerto.  Mr. Ayers says he has not.  Dagny meets with Owen Kellogg who tells her he is quitting for personal reasons: nothing can make him stay - not even the promotion Dagny had decided to give him.

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * The offices of Taggart Transcontinental.

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Board of Directors - mentioned
 * Dagny Taggart
 * Eddie Willers
 * Ellis Wyatt - mentioned
 * Hank Rearden - mentioned
 * James Taggart
 * Mr. Ayers - first and only appearance
 * Orren Boyle - mentioned
 * Owen Kellogg

 * Quotations:
 * "I'm not interested in helping anybody. I want to make money." (29) - Dagny Taggart

 * Mysteries:
 * What is it that makes Owen Kellogg quit a job he admits he loves?

Section 121: Part 1, Chapter 2, Section 1

 * Plot summary:
 * Hank Rearden watches triumphantly as the first order of Rearden Metal is poured. As he walks home, he reflects on his life and the ten years of struggle spent to produce Rearden Metal.  To celebrate his triumph, Rearden makes a Bracelet out of the first Rearden Metal that is poured and gives it to his wife, Lillian.  Lillian belittles the triumph this gift symbolizes and uses the occasion to ridicule her husband's sentimentalism.  She makes a big deal about Rearden attending a party she is throwing in three months time (see section 161).  Also at the Rearden home are his brother Philip Rearden, his mother, and a friend, Paul Larkin, who has come to warn Rearden of possible trouble in Washington.  His family insults and criticizes Rearden for the crime of being able to support them.  He tries to understand their behavior but cannot come to acknowledge the depths of their depravity.  He believes they are expressing the same concerns that he feels, but only in a different way, and that he is morally required to tolerate them because they are weaker than he is.  This is the first glimpse of the Sanction of the Victim, which is a central concept of Atlas Shrugged.  The abuse Rearden receives from his family in the second part of this scene creates a stark contrast to the triumphant achievement at the mill in the first part of the scene.

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * Rearden Steel mills in Pennsylvania.
 * Rearden's home.

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Gwen Ives - mentioned
 * Hank Rearden
 * Lillian Rearden
 * Mrs. Beacham - first and only mention
 * Passenger Number 3 - first and only appearance
 * Passenger Number 4 - first and only appearance
 * Paul Larkin
 * Philip Rearden
 * Rearden's Mother
 * Worker Number 1 - first and only appearance

 * Quotations:
 * What did they seek from him? - thought Rearden - what were they after? He had never asked anything of them; it was they who wished to hold him, they who pressed a claim on him - and the claim seemed to have the form of affection, but it was a form which he found harder to endure than any sort of hatred. He despised causeless affection, just as he despised unearned wealth. (42)
 * He [Rearden] could not condemn them without understanding; and he could not understand. (43)

Section 131: Part 1, Chapter 3, Section 1

 * Plot summary:
 * On top of a skyscraper barroom designed to look like a lowly cellar, James Taggart, Orren Boyle, Paul Larkin, and Wesley Mouch meet to work out a deal by which they can stop Hank Rearden and the success of Rearden Metal. Boyle wants Taggart to get his friends in Washington to regulate the distribution of iron ore, depriving Rearden of the raw materials needed to market Rearden Metal.  In exchange, Boyle agrees to get the National Alliance of Railroads to drive the Phoenix-Durango railroad out of Colorado.  None of this is said openly or directly, of course.  Taggart also learns from Boyle that Taggart Transcontinental's San Sebastian Line has been denuded of all but the barest equipment.

 * The following terms first appears in this section:
 * motive power - first mentioned by James Taggart

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * The most expensive barroom in New York, on the 60th floor of a skyscraper, designed to look like a cellar.

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Bartender - first and only appearance
 * James Taggart
 * Orren Boyle
 * Paul Larkin
 * Waiter - first and only appearance
 * Wesley Mouch

 * Quotations:
 * "When everybody agrees, when people are unanimous, how does one man dare to dissent?" (49) - James Taggart

 * Pregnant Passages:
 * "It all depends," James Taggart answered slowly, "on the people who make it possible...That's what has to be known - who makes it possible."

Section 132: Part 1, Chapter 3, Section 2

 * Plot summary:
 * Recounts Dagny Taggart's childhood decision to run Taggart Transcontinental and her rise in the company. Recounts the history of the San Sebastian Line: Millionaire playboy Francisco d'Anconia invested money in developing the San Sebastian Mines, and James Taggart and the Board of Directors assumed they could trust d'Anconia to deliver a winner.  Dagny opposed this project and almost quit when it was approved.  James Taggart confronts Dagny and demands to know what she has done to the San Sebastian Line.  She explains that she has moved anything of value out of Mexico so the "looters" would not get it when they nationalize the line.  James is scandalized by this but cannot immediately muster the courage to countermand her actions; instead, he threatens her with his impending report to the Board.
 * After leaving the office, Dagny has a conversation with the owner of a newsstand about his cigarette collection. He says there are no new brands anymore, and only a few brands still being made.  He talks of the cigarette as a symbol of man controlling nature, holding fire in his hands.

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * The offices of Taggart Transcontinental
 * The Taggart Terminal.

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Board of Directors
 * Dagny's Father
 * Dagny Taggart
 * Eddie Willers
 * Ellis Wyatt - mentioned
 * Francisco d'Anconia - mentioned
 * Hank Rearden
 * James Taggart
 * Mrs. Nathaniel Taggart - mentioned
 * Nathaniel Taggart - mentioned
 * Newsstand Owner
 * Orren Boyle - mentioned

 * Symbolism:
 * The newsstand owner explicitly explains the symbolism of cigarettes: "I like to think of fire held in man's hand. Fire, a dangerous force, tamed at his fingertips.  I often wonder about the hours when a man sits alone, watching the smoke of a cigarette, thinking.  I wonder what great things have come from such hours.  When a man thinks, there is a spot of fire alive in his mind - and it is proper that he should have the burning point of a cigarette as his one expression."  This is a character explaining what cigarettes symbolize to him - it is not a use of literary symbolism.
 * The literary symbolism of this passage is established when the newsstand owner likens the fire of a cigarette to the fire of the mind. In Greek mythology, it was this gift of fire that raised men up.  In Atlas Shrugged, it is the achievements of the mind that raise men up.  So the disappearance of most of the old brands of cigarettes, which the newsstand owner bemoans, is symbolic of the disappearance of the men of the mind. Note that it was Prometheus who gave fire to man for which he would be forever tormented by an eagle tearing at his immortal flesh. Thus, the bringer of gifts receives punishment rather than praise.

Section 133: Part 1, Chapter 3, Section 3

 * Plot summary:
 * Eddie Willers ends a long day at work by having dinner in the employees' cafeteria of the Taggart Terminal. There he meets the Mystery Worker.  They sit together and he tells them about the problems of the day and what Dagny Taggart is going to do to fix things.  He mentions that Dick McNamara is the contractor who will lay the new rails for the Rio Norte Line. Eddie also reveals that Dagny does not go out, that she sits alone in her apartment listening to the music of Richard Halley. (Eddie will have many similar chats with this Mystery Worker throughout the book.)
 * The cafeteria is described as follows: "The cafeteria lay underground.  It was a large room with walls of white tile that glittered in the reflections of electric lights and looked like silver brocade.  It had a high ceiling, sparkling counters of glass and chromium, a sense of space and light." This description is in sharp contrast to the most expensive barroom in New York, from section 131, that is atop a skyscraper but made to look like a cellar.  The contrast gives the chapter title - The Top and the Bottom - its irony.

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * The employees' cafeteria of the Taggart Terminal. (It is set in the basement, but unlike the bar-room that begins the chapter, the cafeteria is described as spacious, as if open to the sky.)

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Eddie Willers
 * Mystery Worker
 * Dagny Taggart - mentioned
 * Dick McNamara - mentioned
 * Richard Halley - mentioned

Section 141: Part 1, Chapter 4, Section 1

 * Plot summary:
 * Dagny attempts to pinpoint the need of the world--motive power to keep it standing, movement to keep it immovable; the Taggart Transcontinental skyscraper rests not on its granite foundations, but in its engines--that's what keeps it going. With depressed thoughts, Dagny Taggart reminisces a visit to United Locomotive Works to determine why they consistently fail to deliver the Diesel engines she ordered. The President of ULW talks for hours without answering directly or saying anything of substance.  After returning to the office, Eddie Willers informs Dagny that Dick McNamara - the best contractor that can be found anywhere - has quit without explanation.  As Dagny walks home that night, she sees the depravity that passes for popular culture: books and movies that trivialize what is glorious, demonize what is moral, and exalt what is base; people who act as if pleasure were a sin that one gets away with.  Depressed, she returns home and listens to the soul tonic of Richard Halley.  While she listens, she recalls Halley's struggles as a young composer, his sudden success, and his mysterious disappearance.  She sees in the newspaper that Francisco d'Anconia has returned to New York amidst a scandal in which a married woman tries to kill her husband so she could be with Francisco, whom she identifies as her lover.  Francisco says he came to New York to witness the farce - but it is not the same farce people are led to believe in that he wants to witness.

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * The offices of Taggart Transcontinental
 * Offices and shops of United Locomotive Works
 * New York City in the evening
 * Dagny's apartment

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Chief Engineer
 * Dagny Taggart
 * Eddie Willers
 * Gilbert Vail
 * Dick McNamara - mentioned
 * Mrs. Gilbert Vail
 * President of ULW
 * Richard Halley - mentioned

 * Mysteries:
 * What happened to Halley and McNamara?

 * Foreshadowing:
 * Dagny sees a precision machine tool abandoned and decaying in the United Locomotive Works factory; abandoned not because it was valueless, but because the owners could not extract value from it. This foreshadows another discovery in an even less competent factory - a motor that is priceless, but which is left abandoned by people who could not see its value.

Section 142: Part 1, Chapter 4, Section 2

 * Plot summary:
 * James Taggart awakes at noon, hungover, in his apartment with Betty Pope, with whom he is having a romanceless sexual affair. He brags about how he is going to bring down Dagny Taggart for what she did to the San Sebastian Line.  But before he has a chance to do this, he receives a call from his man in Mexico telling him the line and the San Sebastian Mines have been nationalized, just as Dagny predicted.

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * The apartment of James Taggart.

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Betty Pope
 * Board of Directors
 * Dagny Taggart - mentioned
 * James Taggart
 * Jock Benson
 * Jules Mott
 * Liz Blane

Section 143: Part 1, Chapter 4, Section 3

 * Plot summary:
 * James Taggart addresses the Board of Directors after the San Sebastian Line is nationalized. He takes credit for removing everything of value from Mexico, and assures everyone that with his Washington connections he can get the government to demand just compensation from Mexico.  He places the blame for his disaster on two men who played only a minor role in the fiasco. Moreover, the board he speaks to is given the comfort of knowing what excuse to give to those they represent.

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * A meeting of Taggart Transcontinental's Board of Directors.

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Board of Directors
 * Clarence Eddington - Mentioned (Only Appearance)
 * James Taggart
 * Jules Mott - Mentioned

Section 144: Part 1, Chapter 4, Section 4

 * Plot summary:
 * Orren Boyle meets with James Taggart about the Mexican disaster. They can't believe Francisco d'Anconia was swindled out of fifteen million dollars, and they assume he must know something they don't know.  Taggart tries to make an appointment with Francisco but he refuses to see him, because Francisco finds him "boring".

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * James Taggart's office.

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Francisco d'Anconia - mentioned
 * James Taggart
 * Orren Boyle
 * James Taggart's Secretary

Section 145: Part 1, Chapter 4, Section 5

 * Plot summary:
 * The National Alliance of Railroads passes the Anti-dog-eat-dog Rule which gives them the power to dictate which railroads can operate in which regions of the country; specifically, the railroad with seniority gets precedence in a competitive area to eliminate dog-eat-dog competition. The rule is crafted by Orren Boyle with the purpose of driving the Phoenix-Durango out of Colorado, so Taggart Transcontinental would not have to compete with them any longer. (It is part of a "friendship" made earlier with Taggart - I do your dirty work; you do mine.)  After the vote, James Taggart storms into Dagny Taggart's office and gloats about how he has ruined their competitor, Dan Conway, which in his mind is a victory over Dagny.  She calls him a rotten bastard and rushes out.

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * A meeting of the National Alliance of Railroads
 * The office of Dagny Taggart.

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Board of Directors
 * Dagny Taggart
 * Dan Conway
 * James Taggart
 * Orren Boyle
 * Mike Jones

Section 146: Part 1, Chapter 4, Section 6

 * Plot summary:
 * Dagny Taggart visits Dan Conway in order to try to persuade him to fight the Anti-dog-eat-dog Rule, and to discuss morality. Conway admits the ruling is not fair, but he doesn't feel he has any right to fight the will of the majority.  He meekly resigns himself to running his railroads in Arizona, or perhaps, pursuing reclusive pastimes such as fishing.  Conway states, "I suppose somebody's got to be sacrificed.  If it turned out to be me, I have no right to complain."  This is an important passage because it is the first explicit statement of the concept of the Sanction of the Victim. Moreover, the term "looters" referring to the villain is first introduced in the context of the excuse of "public welfare."

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * A meeting in an unspecified location, presumably in New York.

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Dagny Taggart
 * Dan Conway
 * Ellis Wyatt - mentioned.
 * James Taggart - mentioned.

Section 147: Part 1, Chapter 4, Section 7

 * Plot summary:
 * Ellis Wyatt appears suddenly and unexpectedly in Dagny Taggart's office. He issues an ultimatum, saying if Taggart Transcontinental fails to run trains the way his business requires, his business will fail - and he will drag them down with him. Wyatt had expected a spiel of excuses, as any well-educated looter would have given. However, Dagny surprises him by quietly assuring him, without excuses or explanations, that he will get the service he requires. Dagny knows full well Wyatt's basis from which to question Taggart Transcontinental's ability to service him. Wyatt states, "You expect to feed off me while you can and to find another carcass to pick dry after you have finished mine."  He understands that the parasites are dependent upon him, and when he issues his ultimatum, he is refusing to grant the Sanction of the Victim.  Thus Ellis Wyatt is a sharp contrast to Dan Conway in the previous section.  The responses of these two men to the Anti-dog-eat-dog Rule represent opposite sides of the book's central conflict - one accedes to being a victim, one refuses.

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * Dagny Taggart's office at Taggart Transcontinental.

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Dagny Taggart
 * Ellis Wyatt
 * Hank Rearden - mentioned.

Section 148: Part 1, Chapter 4, Section 8

 * Plot summary:
 * Dagny Taggart meets with Hank Rearden at his steel mill to tell him that, because of the Anti-dog-eat-dog Rule she will need her rails in nine months instead of twelve. She asks Rearden if he can deliver the order in time, and he tells her he will.  Dagny acknowledges that Rearden now holds Taggart Transcontinental in his power - if he fails to deliver, the railroad might collapse.  But, Rearden needs this project to succeed as well because it will prove the value of Rearden Metal, creating new markets for him.  They stand together in silence, watching as the first load of Rearden Metal is loaded onto the trains, both knowing what this new invention represents.  The two talk about business as if one business' success creates opportunities for another, which is in sharp contrast to the talk about "destructive competition" that was used to justify the Anti-dog-eat-dog Rule earlier in this chapter.
 * The first traces of Dagny and Rearden's relationship becomes apparent, as Dagny has an epiphany. "If joy is the aim and the core of existence, and if that which has the power to give one joy is always guarded as one's deepest secret, then they had seen each other naked in that moment." Rearden, however, is extremely stoic, and although this realization of joy is mutual, Rearden replies with, "We're a couple of blackguards, aren't we?" This disturbs Dagny and foreshadows the guilt that will plague Rearden, make him believe that his pleasure is depraved, and eventually undermine Rearden's ownership of Rearden Metal.
 * There is an apparent plot hole as to why Dagny did not buy the rail from Conway and skip the trouble of meeting a near impossible schedule. This hole is filled in later in the novel. Dagny has an argument with James Taggart, her brother, when he mentions he tries to purchase the rail from Dan Conway, who states in anger that not one foot of his rail will ever be sold to Taggart Transcontinental. He later sells the dismembered pieces of his railroad at a huge discount to anyone - except Taggart Transcontinental.
 * The chapter ends with the extension of the metaphor that the chapter opens with: Rearden states that "we are the movers," thereby transferring the strength and burden of the skyscraper of Taggart Transcontinental to earthly flesh. Though machines rust when neglected, the movers - people like Rearden and Dagny - can adapt and are a self-sufficient source of fuel. They do not give up when disasters happen - they are the immovable movers.

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * Hank Rearden's office at Rearden Steel.

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Dagny Taggart
 * Dan Conway
 * Ellis Wyatt
 * Hank Rearden
 * James Taggart
 * Looters - mentioned
 * Moochers - mentioned (term first introduced to describe those who would expect others to be in business purely for their convenience)

Section 151: Part 1, Chapter 5, Section 1

 * Plot summary:
 * After the government of Mexico suddenly nationalizes the San Sebastian Mines thinking they would be a great new source of revenue for the state, they discover that the mines are completely worthless--there was never any chance of mining copper there, so Francisco d'Anconia must have known all along the project was doomed to failure. Eddie Willers shows the news report to Dagny Taggart, who tries to figure out how this could be, and finally tells Eddie to get her an appointment with "the bastard."  Eddie warns about meeting him in a way that indicates the emotional significance seeing Francisco will hold for Dagny.

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * Dagny's office at Taggart Transcontinental.

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Dagny Taggart
 * Eddie Willers
 * Francisco d'Anconia - mentioned

Section 152: Part 1, Chapter 5, Section 2
In this long section, Dagny walks to the Wayne-Falkland Hotel to confront Francisco d'Anconia. While walking, she reminisces her childhood with Francisco and we learn why this man is so significant to her.
 * Plot summary:
 * Francisco had been a childhood friend of Dagny and Eddie Willers. He spent his childhood all over the world, because his father wanted him to know the world as his domain.  But for one month every summer he visited the Taggart estate, and his visit was the highlight of Dagny and Eddie's year.  Francisco had an unlimited capacity for joy, and he loved tackling new challenges - and he performed each superlatively, as to him, a job done, is a job done well.  Following the tradition of each d'Anconia heir in increasing the family fortune, Francisco's great goal for his life was to run d'Anconia Copper so well it would double in size.  He talked to Dagny about their great futures running their respective family businesses - this was the vision of the future Dagny came to expect. Yet, throughout this idyllic recollection, mention is made of James Taggart, who represents the evil in the world. Though Francisco disregards him as an irrelevant object, rather than a person, the evil which Taggart represents will be an obstacle.
 * When Dagny was sixteen she began working as a night-operator at the Rockdale Station of Taggart Transcontinental, much to her mother's chagrin. Her mother was worried that Dagny showed no interest in boys, or in feminine things in general.  She decided to throw Dagny a coming out party at the Wayne-Falkland Hotel.  Dagny loved the idea, and stepped into the ball with the eager expectation of finding people who were as filled with joy as Francisco, but instead she found they were lifeless fools who believed that it was the lighting that made things brilliant, the decorations that made things happy.  In later years Dagny would discover her vision of the future was mistaken in the same way, and she would often think back to this party and wonder why people seemed incapable of living life in joy, why they lived instead with a constant undertone of fear and unhappiness.  Where were the men of joy?  Where were the men who were appropriate for life on earth?
 * That summer, when Francisco returned, he and Dagny discovered they were in love, and spent the summer going off together and making love in the cellar of an abandoned log cabin, where no one could discover them. They kept it secret not out of guilt - they knew not that such joy could be sin - but because they felt it was too personal and too special to share with anyone else.
 * The romance continued for eight years, as Francisco rose to become head of d'Anconia Copper and Dagny finished college and began her rise at Taggart Transcontinental. Then, when she was 24, Francisco unexpectedly invited her to his suite at the Wayne-Falkland Hotel. She was shocked to see, for the first time, pain in his face, and that he was torn by the obvious struggle within him that he could not explain to her.  They made love for what will be the last time, and Francisco was stricken with a burden unbecoming of him, a grief and bitterness at odds with his usual happiness.  He begged Dagny to help him fight him (Galt's opus) even though he's right.  He regained his composture and warned her not to be shocked or hurt by the things he will do, and told her not to wait for him.
 * After that night, she did not hear anything about Francisco for a year, and then she began to hear the stories of a new Francisco, a worthless, irresponsible playboy, with no apparent interest in his work. At first she could not believe these things, but as the years passed and the stories piled up, she had no choice.  Time deadened her pain, but she never found another man to love -- another man for whom life was joy.
 * When she arrives at the Wayne-Falkland and confronts Francisco, she accuses him of deliberately plotting the swindle of the San Sebastian Mines. She tries to determine his motives, and he leads her on, eventually telling her that he is deliberately trying to destroy the producers, that his goal in the San Sebastian Mines was to waste millions of dollars, and that Ellis Wyatt will be next one to be destroyed and Taggart Transcontinental will collapse as well; he tells her that she is the one he must fight.  She could never believe he had become so corrupt, but since she does not see the full truth of his motive, she has no choice but to believe it now.

 * The following Places in Atlas Shrugged are used as settings in this section:
 * Downtown New York
 * On and around the Taggart Estate in Dagny's childhood
 * Oakdale Station
 * Abandoned log cabin
 * The Wayne-Falkland Hotel.

 * The following Characters in Atlas Shrugged appear in this section:
 * Dagny's Father
 * Dagny's Mother
 * Dagny Taggart
 * Eddie Willers
 * A Math Professor (who comments that Francisco has too much capacity for joy, that it would be a tragedy when he finds that the world hasn't many occasion for such.)
 * A Literature Professor (who chastises Francisco that a man of his stature should not waste his time in the junkyards, but should read and become familiar with the culture of the world.)
 * Ellis Wyatt - mentioned
 * Francisco d'Anconia
 * Francisco's Father
 * Francisco's statement that he has made only 2 friends in college
 * James Taggart
 * Mrs. Gilbert Vail - mentioned
 * Nathaniel Taggart - mentioned
 * Orren Boyle - mentioned
 * Richard Halley - mentioned
 * Sebastian d'Anconia

 * Quotations:
 * "When I die, I hope to go to heaven - whatever the hell that is - and I want to be able to afford the price of admission" "Virtue is the price of admission." "That's what I mean, James. So I want to be prepared to claim the greatest virtue of them all - that I was a man who made money." (94) - Francisco and James Taggart
 * "It is not advisable, James, to venture unsolicitated opinions. You should spare yourself the embarrassing discovery of their exact value to your listener." (97) - Francisco d'Anconia
 * "Francisco, what's the most depraved type of human being?" "The man without a purpose." (98) - Dagny and Francisco
 * "Well, I've always been unpopular in school and it didn't bother me, but now I've discovered the reason. It's an impossible kind of reason. They dislike me, not because I do things badly, but because I do them well. They dislike me because I've always had the best grades in class. I don't even have to study. I always get A's. Do you suppose I should try to get D's for a change and become the most popular girl in school?" Francisco stopped, looked at her [Dagny] and slapped her face. (98)

title: Atlas Shrugged/Synopsis/Chapters 1-5


text:
Emergency medical responder (EMR)/Scene/patient assessment

Both the scene and patient assessment must be done before approaching the patient. The purpose of this assessment is to gather as much information about the scene and patient(s) as possible and insure the EMR’s safety.

Scene assessment

 * 1) Time. Upon arriving on scene an EMR must first note the time of arrival.  This will prove vital in assessing the patients progression.
 * 2) Body substance isolation (BSI). An EMR must determine what BSI will be required and apply it, prior to exiting the ambulance.
 * 3) Hazards. Determine what hazards are present on the scene before approaching the scene.  If the scene is outside and visible from the ambulance, asses prior to exiting the ambulance.
 * 4) Number of patients. Note the number of patients.
 * 5) Method of injury or illness (MOI). Try to determine the MOI before becoming engrossed in a single patient.  This will help to understand what is wrong with the patient.
 * 6) Bystanders. Take note of any bystanders and try to determine their demeanor.  Could they provide important information?  Could they become violent?  Have they already started first aid?
 * 7) Call for backup. After performing all of the above, the EMR should now know what backup is required if any.  Police for crowd control?  Fire fighters for vehicle extraction?  More ambulances?

Patient assessment

 * 1) Skin condition. As an EMR approaches a patient, the EMR should note the skin condition.  This is a strong and immediate indicator of the patients condition.
 * 2) Patient positioning. Note the position of the patient.  Is the patient sitting up comfortably?  Is the patient hunched over as if struggling to breath?  Is the patient lying in an unnatural position?
 * 3) Level of distress. Determine how the patient is handling the situation.  Is the patient calm?  Does the patient seem panicked?
 * 4) Tracking. Is the patient tracking the EMR?  Does the patient seem aware of his/her surrounding.
 * 5) Angulated fractures. Note if the patient has any unnatural angulations, which would indicate a fracture.
 * 6) Pooling of fluids. Is there any blood or other fluids pooling around the patient?

Emergency Medicine


text:
User:Raj Kumar Rajput Bhopura

Name Raj kumar

Lives in Bhopura Ghaziabad uttar pradesh

Pursing B.com from DU

title: User:Raj Kumar Rajput Bhopura


text:
Πῖσα

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  ancient place situated in ancient Elis, Greece
 * 2)  city on the mouth of the Arno in Tuscany, central Italy

title: Πῖσα


text:
Talk:Kate Bottley

Prayer for the Day
Should not the section on radio mention that she has done Prayer for the Day on BBC Radio Four? Vorbee (talk) 20:36, 5 November 2017 (UTC) All right, as no one else has added this information, I have put it in myself now. Vorbee (talk) 08:46, 2 November 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kate Bottley


text:
File:Twiki screen 4 0 b.png

Summary
TWiki screenshot: Page edit with wiki markup, SmartEditAddOn toolbar installed. Author: Peter Thoeny (uploaded by author for TWiki page)

title: File:Twiki screen 4 0 b.png


text:
Wikipedia:Wiki Ed/Drexel University/Computer Science Principles (Fall 2019)

Course Description:

An introduction to computer science principles: the big ideas and computational thinking practices central to computer science, and the societal impact of computing and information technology. Exposure to algorithms, big data, machine learning, privacy, security and digital citizenship while introducing and reinforcing the importance of programming.

Wikipedia Project:

Students will select a topic for either a new page or a page revision on Wikipedia, research and implement their content, and learn about intellectual property and plagiarism. We will also train on MediaWiki.

Week 1
Welcome to your Wikipedia assignment's course timeline. This page guides you through the steps you'll need to complete for your Wikipedia assignment, with links to training modules and your classmates' work spaces.

Your course has been assigned a Wikipedia Expert. You can reach them through the Get Help button at the top of this page.

Resources:

 * Editing Wikipedia, pages 1–5
 * Evaluating Wikipedia

Create an account and join this course page, using the enrollment link your instructor sent you. (Because of Wikipedia's technical restraints, you may receive a message that you cannot create an account. To resolve this, please try again off campus or the next day.)

This week, everyone should have a Wikipedia account.

Exercise
Evaluate an article

Exercise
Choose a topic

Resource: Editing Wikipedia, page 6

Thinking about sources and plagiarism

Exercise
Add a citation

What's a content gap?

Week 4
Finalize your topic / Find your sources

Resource: Editing Wikipedia, pages 7–9

Biographies

Cultural Anthropology

History

Everyone has begun writing their article drafts.

Week 5
Guiding framework

Thinking about Wikipedia

Every student has finished reviewing their assigned articles, making sure that every article has been reviewed.

You probably have some feedback from other students and possibly other Wikipedians. Consider their suggestions, decide whether it makes your work more accurate and complete, and edit your draft to make those changes.

Resources:

 * Editing Wikipedia, pages 12 and 14
 * Reach out to your Wikipedia Expert if you have any questions.

Week 6
Now that you've improved your draft based on others' feedback, it's time to move your work live - to the "mainspace."

Resource: Editing Wikipedia, page 13

Nominating your article for Did You Know

Exercise
Add links to your article

Now's the time to revisit your text and refine your work. You may do more research and find missing information; rewrite the lead section to represent all major points; reorganize the text to communicate the information better; or add images and other media.

Week 7
It's the final week to develop your article.

 * Read Editing Wikipedia page 15 to review a final check-list before completing your assignment.
 * Don't forget that you can ask for help from your Wikipedia Expert at any time!

Guiding questions

Everyone should have finished all of the work they'll do on Wikipedia, and be ready for grading.


text:
User:Thomasonmark/sandbox

Tall Poppy Real Estate is a real estate company established in Wellington, New Zealand in 2012 by David Graves.

title: User:Thomasonmark/sandbox


text:
Progreso Independent School District

Progreso Independent School District is a public school district based in Progreso, Texas (USA).

In addition to Progreso, the district also serves the city of Progreso Lakes.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.

The Texas Education Agency's college readiness performance data shows that only 4% (5 out of 98 students) of the graduates of the class of 2010 of the Progreso school district met TEA's average performance criterion on SAT or ACT college admission tests.

Schools

 * Progreso High School (Grades 9-12)
 * The school mascot is the red ant (the only school in Texas with this mascot)
 * Dorothy Thompson Middle School (Grades 6-8)
 * Progreso Elementary School (Grades 1-6)
 * Progreso Early Childhood Center (Grades PK-K)

title: Progreso Independent School District


text:
Antikrist

Proper noun

 * 1) Antichrist (one who works against the Christ's teaching)

Proper noun

 * 1) Antichrist one who works against the Christ's teaching

Proper noun

 * 1) Antichrist

title: Antikrist


text:
User:Joe Fury is alive

OI SCUMBAGS THIS IS THE REAL JOE FURY .. IM THE WHOLE FUCKING SHOW.... YES YES OH YAY...

check me out on youtube... type in Joe Fury... im not going to link you because i dont want you too bee too lazy

peas and carrots and potatoes is the best meal (+ a pint of guiness) + 2 tablespoons of relish

YOU HAVE THE JOE FURY DINNER .. on a plate orrrr if you prefer in your hands

title: User:Joe Fury is alive


text:
Ivan Srebrenjak

Ivan Srebrenjak or Srebrnjak (1903 – 21 May 1942) ran a Soviet intelligence network for the NKVD in the Balkans at the beginning of Axis occupation of Yugoslavia.

Srebrenjak was born in 1903 in Slavonia and became a member of the Yugoslav Communist Party in 1928. After he killed a Yugoslav policeman in 1930 he left Yugoslavia and became a member of a group of Stalin's killers known as "liquidators" headed by Josip Broz Tito. When Axis forces occupied Yugoslavia in 1941 Srebrenjak returned to Yugoslavia and set up an NKVD centre in Zagreb, a part of Red Orchestra network. Tito considered him as an enemy and requested approval from Stalin to relieve Srebrenjak of that position, which was refused by Stalin.

In 1942, Srebrenjak was informed on to the Gestapo and Ustaše, which caused him to be captured. In captivity Srebrenjak was the first person to identify Tito as leader of Communist resistance movement in Yugoslavia to German and Ustaše authorities. To minimize further damage to his position Tito ordered the murder of Srebrenjak and on 21 May 1942 Srebrenjak was killed in Ustaše prison. This murder allowed Tito to seize and stabilize his position of leader of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.

Early life
Srebrenjak was born in 1903 in the village of Oprisavci near Slavonski Brod, at the time in Austria-Hungary (modern day Croatia). In 1928 he became a member of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia and in 1930 he murdered a police agent in Zagreb based on the order of the communist party. Because of this murder he had to leave Yugoslavia.

In the Soviet Union Srebrenjak became a Soviet citizen with name Petar Petrovič Antonov who was considered as one of the most capable intelligence officers.

Initially, there were four centres of NKVD in Zagreb, parts of Red Orchestra, one operated by Andrija Hebrang, a second by Stevan Krajačić, a third by Josip Kopinič and a fourth by Ivan Srebrenjak.

In France
After leaving Yugoslavia Srebrenjak first went to Paris in France and joined a group of Stalin's killers known as "liquidators" headed by Josip Broz Tito, whose members were also Vittorio Vidali, Vlajko Begović and Ivan (Stevo) Krajačić. In Paris Srebrenjak killed Yugoslav agent Ilija Šumanovac.

During World War II
When Axis forces attacked Kingdom of Yugoslavia in April 1941, Srebrenjak came from France to Zagreb to run an "information point" for Soviet intelligence in Zagreb. In Zagreb Srebrenjak became a head of Soviet intelligence network of the NKVD for the Balkans. Srebrenjak operated from this centre in Zagreb together with his wife Frančiška Srebrenjak (nee Klinc), who was a secret agent of the Yugoslav police and later Gestapo. According to some sources she had a love affair with Stjepan Đaković, the elder son of Đuro Đaković.

Srebrenjak was the first victim of Tito's ambitions to become Stalin's intelligence officer not only for Yugoslavia but also for other Balkan countries as well. In a telegram sent to Tito on 1 July 1941, Kopinič asserted that Popović, Končar and Srebrenjak are enemy spies. Srebrenjak believed that some of Tito's close associates, like Ivo Lola Ribar and Boris Kidrič were in service of the Yugoslav regime

At the beginning of August 1941 Tito sent a telegram to Komintern insisting that Srebrenjak transfer all of his men to Communist Party of Yugoslavia control for training them as diversionists because he did not organize this training himself and members of the party lost confidence in him.

Tito hated Srebrenjak because he reported to Stalin about Tito's struggle for leadership of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. He requested from Stalin to relieve Srebrenjak from his post accusing him of being a Gestapo collaborator, but this attempt of Tito failed thanks to Srebrenjak's powerful Soviet patrons.

Ustaše and Gestapo were already informed about activities of Srebrenjak by Slavko Đukić who was an associate of Srebrenjak, but it was Joco Đaković who was younger son of Đuro Đaković and who was arrested in December 1941 and identified Srebrenjak to Ustaše.

In February 1942 Srebrenjak was arrested by Ustaše and tortured until he revealed names of Soviet agents in Croatia, Greece, Bulgaria and Italy. This was major success for Ustaše while Axis forces arrested ten to fifteen people based on the Srebrenjaks testimony, including Andrija Hebrang. Srebrenjak and Hebrang were the first people who identified leader of Communist Partisan forces to Ustaše and Axis special police as Josip Broz Tito, though Srebrenjak gave his name as Josip Brozović. Tito sent Krajačić to kill Srebrenjak.

According to Cenčić, Srebrenjaks wife Franciška was released from Ustaše prison under suspicious circumstances, Hebrang was exchanged while Srebrenjak was killed in Ustaše prison against order of Josip Broz Tito.

title: Ivan Srebrenjak


text:
User:Skinnerbird

Search user languages

Hi - my real name is Geoffrey Skinner and I am a Librarian at Sonoma State University in Sonoma County, California, with wide-ranging interests including apples and other fruits, botany, local history, geology, American roots music, bicycling, urban design and pilgrimages.

Edit counts
Edits to date to Wikipedia under the user name skinnerbird. (Count is automatic, so data always up-to-date.)

Original articles
This listing is up-to-date as of the topmost entry. It does not include image uploads or redirect articles created incidentally to other work.

 * 2015-12-02 Larry Robinson (poet)
 * 2015-02-11 Sonoma County Library
 * 2008-03-03 David Lawrence (writer)
 * 2008-01-28 Petaluma and Santa Rosa Railway Powerhouse
 * 2006-04-17 Harrison Cady
 * 2006-03-17 George A. Strout House

title: User:Skinnerbird


text:
User:Shiresetter/sandbox

any big rapids information or history that could be expanded on? Anna Howard Shaw Big Rapids, Michigan Paragraph: '''This helps you set the style of the text. For example, a header, or plain paragraph text. You can also use it to offset block quotes.''' Subscript text

Heading text
A: Highlight your text, then click here to format it with bold, italics, etc. The "More" options allows you to underline, add code snippets, and change language keyboards. Big text Big text Links: link to website"Cite: The citation tool in VisualEditor helps format your citations. You can simply paste a DOI or URL, and the VisualEditor will try to sort out all of the fields you need. Be sure to review it, however, and apply missing fields manually (if you know them). You can also add books, journals, news, and websites manually. That opens up a quick guide for inputting your citations. Finally, you can click the 're-use' tab if you've already added a source and just want to cite it again. www.bigrapids.lib.mi.us"Bullets:
 * To add bullet points or a numbered list, click here.
 * jjjjj '

Insert: This tab lets you add media, images, or tables.

Ω: The final tab allows you to add special characters, such as those found in non-English words, scientific notation, and a handful of language extensions.Ä

title: User:Shiresetter/sandbox


text:
Dog Barking at the Moon

Dog Barking at the Moon is a 1926 painting by Spanish artist Joan Miró.

Background
In 1926, Miró painted Dog Barking at the Moon in the town of Mont-roig del Camp, Catalonia. The painting is based on Miró's sketch of a Catalan folk tale which depicts a dog yelping "bow wow" at the moon while the moon looks down saying, "You know, I don't give a damn."

Analysis
The painting presents a sparse, earthy brown landscape set against a black sky. However, Miró uses bright and playful colors to depict the distorted figure of a dog in the right foreground barking at the half moon and bird above it. In the left foreground, a ladder extends from the bottom of the painting before receding into the dark night sky. The vast, empty spaces in the painting create a sense of loneliness and isolation. Michael R. Taylor observes that Dog Barking at the Moon reflects Miró's memories of his native Catalan landscape and writes that the painting "exemplifies [Miró's] sophisticated blend of pictorial wit and abstraction".

History
The painting was originally in the collection of Albert Eugene Gallatin before being bequeathed to the Philadelphia Museum of Art in 1952, where it remains. The painting is distinct from the similarly named Dog Barking at the Moon, a 1952 lithograph by the same artist in an edition of 80. A copy of the lithograph is in the Museum of Modern Art, New York.

In April 2021, Elon Musk shared an image of the painting on Twitter with the caption "Doge Barking at the Moon". The tweet triggered a more than 100% increase in the price of the cryptocurrency Dogecoin.

title: Dog Barking at the Moon


text:
Bengt Gustafsson (astronomer)

Bengt Gustafsson (born 18 July 1943) is a Swedish astronomer and emeritus professor in theoretical astrophysics at Uppsala University.

He is known for his work in uniting cosmic science with culture and theology, and questioning space science from a humanistic point of view. Gustafsson received an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Theology at Uppsala University in 2000. In 2002, Gustafsson was awarded the grand prize of the Royal Institute of Technology, and has also been awarded the grand prize of Längmanska kulturfonden. At one point during his career, he was a counselor working for the government of Sweden.

He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

title: Bengt Gustafsson (astronomer)


text:
Abstract Algebra/Rings

This section builds upon and expands the theory covered in the previous chapter on groups. The reader is strongly advised to master the material presented in the sections up to and including Products and Free Groups before continuing.

Motivation
The standard motivation for the study of rings is as a generalization of the set of integers $$\mathbb{Z}$$ with addition and multiplication, in order to study integer-like structures in a more general and less restrictive setting. However, we will also present the following motivation for the study of rings, based on the theory of Abelian groups.

Let $$G$$ and $$H$$ be Abelian groups. Then the set $$\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathrm{Ab}}(G,H)$$ (Please don't pay much attention to the subscript for now.) of group homomorphisms $$\phi\,:\, G\rightarrow H$$ naturally forms an abelian group in the following way. If $$\phi,\psi\in \mathrm{Hom}_{\mathrm{Ab}}(G,H)$$, define $$(\phi+\psi)(g)=\phi(g)+\psi(g)$$ for all $$g\in G$$. It should be obvious where each addition is taking place. In particular, we can consider the set $$\mathrm{End}_{\mathrm{Ab}}(G)=\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathrm{Ab}}(G,G)$$ of endomorphisms of $$G$$. That is, the set of homomorphisms from $$G$$ to itself. This set is obviously a group from the above discussion, but it is also closed under composition. By endowing the set $$\mathrm{End}_{\mathrm{Ab}}(G)$$ with the operations of addition, $$+$$, and composition, $$\circ$$, we note that it has the following properties:

 * i) It is an Abelian group under addition.

 * ii) It is a monoid under multiplication.

 * iii) Addition distributes over composition.

Indeed, for the third property, note that if $$\phi,\psi,\xi\in\mathrm{End}_{\mathrm{Ab}}(G)$$ and $$g\in G$$, then $$\phi\circ(\psi+\xi)(g)=(\phi\circ\psi+\phi\circ\xi)(g)$$ and $$(\phi+\psi)\circ\xi(g)=(\phi\circ\xi+\psi\circ\xi)(g)$$. The following material is a generalization of this situation.

Introduction to Rings
Definition 1: A ring $$(R,+,\cdot)$$ is a set $$R$$ with two binary operations $$+$$ and $$\cdot$$ that satisfies the following properties:

For all $$a,b,c\in R,$$

 * i) $$(R,+)$$ is an abelian group.

 * ii) $$(R,\cdot)$$ is a monoid.

The definition of ring homomorphism does not include the existence of 1.

 * iii) $$\cdot$$ is distributive over $$+$$:
 * 1) $$a\cdot(b+c)=(a\cdot b)+(a\cdot c)$$
 * 2) $$(a+b)\cdot c=(a\cdot c)+(b\cdot c)$$

We will denote the additive identity in a ring by $$0_R$$ or $$0$$ if the ring is understood. Similarily, we denote the multiplicative identity by $$1_R$$ or $$1$$ when the ring is understood. We'll often use juxtaposition in place of $$\cdot$$, i.e., $$ab\,$$ for $$a\cdot b$$.

Remark 2: Some authors do not require their rings to have a multiplicative identity element. We will call a ring without an idenitity a rng. Pseudo-rings is another term used for rings without unity. Authors who do not require a multiplicative identity usually call a ring a ring with unity. Unless otherwise stated, we will assume that $$0\neq 1$$ in our rings. A major part of noncommutaive ring theory was developed without assuming every ring has an identity element.

Example 3: The reader is already familiar with several examples of rings. For instance $$\mathbb{Z},\mathbb{Q},\mathbb{R}$$ and $$\mathbb{C}$$ with the usual addition and multiplication operations. We have a familiy of finite rings given by the sets $$\mathbb{Z}_n$$ for integer $$n\geq 2$$ with addition and multiplication defined modulo $$n$$. Finally we have an example of a rng given by the sets $$n\mathbb{Z}$$ for integer $$n\geq 2$$ with the usual addition and multiplication. The reader is invited to confirm the ring axioms for these examples.

Let us now prove some very basic properties about rings. This is analogous to what we did for groups when we first introduced them.

Theorem 4: Let $$R$$ be a ring, and let $$a,b,c\in R$$. Then the following are true:
 * 1) If $$a + b = a + c$$, then $$b = c$$.
 * 2) The equation $$a + x = b$$ has a unique solution.
 * 3) $$-(-a) = a$$
 * 4) $$0a = 0$$
 * 5) $$(-a)b = -(ab)$$
 * 6) $$ (-a)(-b) = ab$$

Proof: (1), (2), and (3) all strictly concern addition, and are all previous results from $$(R,+)$$ being a group. The other three parts all concern both addition and multiplication (since 0 and - are additive concepts), so as a proof strategy we expect to use the distributive law in some way to link the two operations. For (4), observe that $$0a + 0a = (0 + 0)a = 0a = 0a + 0$$. But then by (1), 0a=0. For (5), Note that $$(-a)b + ab = (-a + a)b = 0b = 0$$. For (6) note that $$(-a)(-b) + -(ab) = (-a)(-b) + (-a)b = -a(-b + b) = -a0 = 0$$.

Remark 5: Take another look at the examples in Example 3. Notice that for all those rings, multiplication is a commutative opration. However, the axioms say nothing about this. Thus we should expect to find counter-examples to this.

Definition 6: A ring is called commutative if multiplication is commutative.

Example 7: An example of a non-commutative ring is the set $${M}_n(\mathbb{R})$$ of $$n\times n$$ square matrices with real coefficients under standard addition and multiplication of matrices, where $$n\geq 2$$ is an integer. The reader can easily check this for $$n=2$$ and conclude that it holds for all other $$n$$ (why?).

Theorem 8: A ring has a unique multiplicative identity.

Proof: During our brief discussion of monoids earlier, we showed that in any monoid the identity is unique. Since a ring sans addition is a monoid, this applies here.

Example 9: The singleton set $$\{*\}$$ with addition and multiplication defined by $$*+*=*$$ and $$*\cdot *=*$$ is a ring, called the trivial ring or the zero ring. Note that in the trivial ring, $$0=1$$. The reader is invited to show that $$0=1$$ in a ring if and only if it is the trivial ring.

If the reader has tried to construct some of the rings $$=\mathbb{Z}_n$$, he/she may have realised that certain non-zero elements have product zero. We formalize this concept as follows.

Definition 10: Let $$R$$ be a ring and $$a\in R \setminus \{0\}$$. $$a$$ is called a left(resp.right)-zero-divisor if there exists a $$b\in R$$ such that $$ab=0$$ $$(ba=0)$$.

Lemma 11: Let $$R$$ be a ring with $$a\in R$$. Define the function $$\rho_a\,:\, R\rightarrow R$$ given by $$\rho_a(r)=ar$$ for all $$r\in R$$. Then $$\rho_a$$ is injective if and only if $$a$$ is not a left-zero-divisor.

Proof: Assume $$a$$ is not a left-zero-divisor, and assume we have $$ab=\rho_a(b)=\rho_a(c)=ac$$ for some $$b,c\in R$$. This implies $$ab-ac=a(b-c)=0$$, giving $$b=c$$ since $$a$$ is not a left-zero-divisor, so $$\rho_a$$ is injective. Conversely, assume $$a$$ is a left-zero-divisor. Then there exists a $$b\in R$$ such that $$b\neq 0$$ and $$\rho_a(b)=ab=0=a0=\rho_a(0)$$, so $$\rho_a$$ is not injective.

Remark 12: Thus, multiplication by $$a$$ is left-cancellative if and only if $$a$$ is not a zero-divisor. The reader is invited to state and prove the equivalent lemma for right-zero-divisors.

Example 13: $$\mathbb{Z},\mathbb{Q},\mathbb{R},\mathbb{C}$$ are all examples of commutative rings without zero divisors. These rings motivate the next definition.

Definition 14: Let $$R$$ be a commutative ring without zero divisors. Then $$R$$ is called an integral domain.

Just like Definition 14, the majority of special types of rings will be motivated by properties of $$\mathbb{Z}$$.

Example 15:
 * 1) The set $$\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathrm{Set}}(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})$$ of functions on $$\mathbb{R}$$ with pointwise addition and multiplication is a ring.
 * 2) More generally, if $$R$$ is a ring, the set $$\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathrm{Set}}(R,R)$$ of functions from $$R$$ to itself is also a ring.
 * 3) The set $$\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathrm{Set}}(R,R)$$ with function composition for multiplication is not a ring since the statement $$f\circ(g+h) = f\circ g + f\circ h$$ is not true in general.
 * 4) The set of integrable functions on the real numbers, $$L^1$$, is a rng under pointwise addition and multiplication given by convolution: $$(f*g)(t) = \int_\mathbb{R} f(\tau)g(t-\tau) d\tau$$. This rng is important to the study of linear systems and differential equations. If the reader has enough calculus under his/her belt, he/she reader is invited to show that it does not have an identity, and that it is commutative.
 * 5) The set of Gaussian integers $$\mathbb{Z}\left[i\right]=\left\{a+bi|a,b\in\mathbb{Z}\right\}$$ with standard addition and multiplication is a ring.

Definition 16: Let $$R$$ be a ring. An element $$a \in R$$ is a unit and is invertible if there is an element $$b \in R$$ such that $$ab=ba = 1$$. The set of all units is denoted by $$R^*$$.

Exercise 17: Prove that $$R^*$$ is a group under multiplication.

Exercise 18:: Show that a zero-divisor is not a unit.

Theorem 19: (Cancellation Law for Integral Domains): Let $$R$$ be an integral domain, and let $$a,b,c\in R$$ be nonzero. Then $$ab = ac$$ if and only if $$b = c$$.

Proof: Evidently $$ab = ac$$ if $$b=c$$. To see the other direction, we rearrange the equality as $$ab - ac = 0$$. But then $$a(b-c) = 0$$. Since $$a$$ is nonzero, and $$R$$ contains no zero divisors, it must be the case that $$b-c = 0$$, which is to say that $$b=c$$.

Definition 20: A ring $$R$$ is a division ring or skew field if all non-zero elements are units, i.e. if it forms a group under multiplication with its nonzero elements.

Definition 21: A field is a commutative division ring. Alternatively, a field $$F$$ is a ring where $$(F - {0},\cdot)$$ is an abelian group under multiplication. As another alternative, a field is an integral domain where all non-zero elements are invertible.

As stated before, integral domains are easy to work with because they are so close to being fields. In fact, the next theorem shows just how close the two are:

Theorem 22: Let $$R$$ be a finite integral domain. Then $$R$$ is a field.

Proof: Let $$a\in R$$ be nonzero and let $$S = \left\{ab| b\in R\right\}$$. Clearly $$S$$ is a subset of $$R$$. From the cancellation law, we can see that $$|S| = |R|$$ (since if two elements $$ab$$ and $$ac$$ are equal, then $$b=c$$). But then $$S=R$$. So then there must be some $$b$$ such that $$ab=1$$. So $$a$$ is a unit.

Of course proving that a set with two operations satisfy all of the ring axioms can be tedious. So, just as we did for groups, we note that if we're considering a subset of something that's already a ring, then our job is easier.

Definition 23: A subring $$S$$ of a ring $$R$$ is a subset of $$R$$ that is also a ring (under the same two operations as for $$R$$) and $$1_S=1_R$$. We denote "$$S$$ is a subring of $$R$$" by $$S\leq R$$. Note many mathematicians do not require rings or subrings to have an identity.

Theorem 24: Let $$S\neq\emptyset$$ be a subset of a ring $$R$$. Then $$S\leq R$$ if and only if for all $$a,b\in S$$,
 * 1) $$a-b\in S$$,
 * 2) $$ab\in S$$,
 * 3) $$1\in S$$.

Example 25:
 * 1) $$\mathbb{Z} \leq \mathbb{Q} \leq \mathbb{R} \leq \mathbb{C}$$.
 * 2) The trivial ring $$\left\{0\right\}$$ is a subring of every ring.
 * 3) The set of Gaussian integers $$\mathbb{Z}\left[i\right]$$ is a subring of the complex numbers $$\mathbb{C}$$.

title: Abstract Algebra/Rings


text:
piss proud

Etymology
From +. Appears in Francis Grose’s A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue (1796):
 * “P ISS-PROUD . Having a false erection. That old fellow thought he had an erection, but his — was only piss-proud; said of any old fellow who marries a young wife”.

Adjective

 * 1)  Having an erection when waking from sleep or, more generally or metaphorically, a false or "empty" erection.
 * 2)  (by extension) Falsely proud, implying an outward display of success or virility belies a dubious reality.
 * 3)  Denoting an old man who marries a young woman, implying the only erection he could muster would be prompted by the bladder.
 * 4)  Paruretic.
 * 1)  Denoting an old man who marries a young woman, implying the only erection he could muster would be prompted by the bladder.
 * 2)  Paruretic.
 * 1)  Paruretic.

title: piss proud


text:
MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled

Cannot roll back last edit of $1 by $2 (discuss); someone else has edited or rolled back the page already.

Last edit was by $3 (discuss).

title: MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled


text:
Dean Blais

Dean Charles Blais (born January 18, 1951) is an American ice hockey coach. He was the head coach of the University of North Dakota men's hockey team, head coach of the Omaha Mavericks, the men's team of the University of Nebraska Omaha, and also head coach of the United States men's national junior ice hockey team. He led Team USA to a gold medal in the IIHF 2010 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in Saskatoon, Canada, held in late December 2009 through early January 2010.

He is the former associate coach of the NHL's Columbus Blue Jackets. He led the University of North Dakota Fighting Sioux (now Fighting Hawks) men's hockey team to NCAA Division I championships in 1997 and 2000. Blais also has two other appearances in the Frozen Four, the semifinal round of the NCAA tournament—with North Dakota in 2001 (losing in the championship game) and Omaha in 2015 (losing in the semifinals). Blais also led the 1990 Roseau Rams to a Minnesota State High School Hockey Championship.

Playing career
A native of International Falls, Minnesota, Blais played college hockey at the University of Minnesota from 1970 to 1973. He was selected by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 5th round (68th overall) of the 1971 NHL Amateur Draft, and played three seasons of pro hockey with the Chicago Blackhawks’ development team in Dallas. He also played for the United States national team at the 1973 ice hockey world championship pool B tournament.

In popular culture
On March 10, 2009 and May 14, 2010, a photograph of Blais was shown on the Late Show with David Letterman for a segment called, "Guys who look like Dave."

Career

 * 1976–1977 – University of Minnesota – Assistant Coach
 * 1977–1980 – Minot High School (Minot, North Dakota) – Head Coach
 * 1980–1989 – University of North Dakota – Assistant Coach
 * 1990–1991 – Roseau High School (Roseau, Minnesota) – Head Coach
 * 1991-1992 - Assistant coach Olympic men’s ice hockey team
 * 1991–1994 – International Falls High School (International Falls, Minnesota) – Head Coach
 * 1994–2004 – University of North Dakota – Head Coach
 * 2004–2006 – Columbus Blue Jackets (NHL) – Associate Coach
 * 2006–2007 – Columbus Blue Jackets (NHL) – Player Development
 * 2007–2009 – Fargo Force (USHL) – General Manager/Head Coach
 * 2009–2010 – Team USA U20 – Head Coach
 * 2009–2017 – University of Nebraska Omaha – Head Coach
 * 2011-2012– Team USA U20 – Head Coach

title: Dean Blais


text:
William Sigei

William Cheruiyot Sigei (born 11 October 1969 in Cheboi'ngong' village, just outside Kapsimotwo village, Bomet, Kenya) is a former Kenyan long-distance runner who won the IAAF World Cross Country Championships in 1993 and 1994. In 1994 he set a new world record over 10,000 metres in Oslo with 26:52.23 minutes.

Today he is ranked thirty seventh of all times over 10,000 metres. The current world record is 26:11.00 minutes, and belongs to Joshua Cheptegei of Uganda.

title: William Sigei


text:
Soltan Meydan

Soltan Meydan is a village in Sarvelayat Rural District of Sarvelayat District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.

Population
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 865 in 223 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,005 people in 296 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 775 people in 247 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.

title: Soltan Meydan