text:
Talk:The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy/Archive 4

First Aired?
I do not dispute the report that HHGG was aired on BBC Radio 4 in 1978, but I heard it on the BBC World Service before May, 1975. In many sources 1978 is given as the date the program was first aired. That cannot be, however; the reason I know that I first heard it on the BBC World Service before mid 1975 is that I lived in Bangkok, Thailand, from early 1971 to May, 1975, and that is where I heard HHGG (on a Heathkit SW radio that I had built) and recorded it on a audio cassettes. Anyone hearing my recordings has no doubt that the source was a short-wave radio. I gave the radio away before I left Thailand in 1975 and I cannot have recorded it after that date. I didn't note the date of the recordings, probably because I somehow failed to foresee Wikipedia and that there would be any interest in the series outside of the listenership. My best guess would be that the BBC World Service broadcast the series in 1973 or 1974. I cannot say whether the BBC broadcast the series in the Home Service before then, but what I heard and recorded was described by the BBC as the first World Service broadcast.

As for the question of which is better, original recordings, books, movie(s)--it's a point of view. There is only one original of any work of art, and the before-1975 radio broadcast of HHGG is the original of that work. For anyone who heard the original, it is likely that the books rank second in enjoyment, while the movie(s) will fall flat in comparison. I have all the books and I enjoy them, but not nearly as much as the radio series. That is in large part due to brilliant work on the part of the "BBC Radiophonic Workshop" that did a wonderful job with the radio sound effects with what had to have been a very small budget. Conversely, one who read the books first might appreciate them more. It may be said that the original radio plays and the books complement each other, but that the movie is quite jarring to someone like me. Like most people, when I hear a radio play (I still listen to a lot of them because they don't damage my intellect the way TV does) or read a book, I form pictures of the characters in my mind. When I have heard the play again and again and read the books repeatedly as I have with HHGG, the pictures are vivid. Practically nothing in the movie looks the way I picture it.

My point of view is just that, but I can cite two examples of where the latest movie falls short. In the movie “Marvin the Paranoid Android” is not an android. An android is, according to Wikipedia (and my years of mental conjuring), a robot that looks and acts human. It doesn't have to be a replica, designed to be visually indistinguishable from a human, but an android cannot look like the Pillsbury Dough Boy or the Michelin Tire mascot. The second problem with the movie is that Ford Prefect is not of African descent--for those who know the original. It could be argued that a planet near Betelgeuse might be inhabited by persons whose appearance is similar to Earth's Africans, and that would be fine--but that's not the way Ford Prefect is presented in the original. One might as well cast King Arthur or King Lear or Hamlet as a person of African descent, but I don't think it would work if the performance in question were meant to somehow reflect the author's intent.

David Illig Gambrills, MD

 * I think your recollection is a bit off. Adams pitched the idea to the BBC in 1977. In 1973-74, Adams was writing for Monty Python.  freshacconci  talk talk  03:02, 22 February 2009 (UTC)

 * It was aired on the World Service the same year it was first broadcast on Radio 4 - 1978 - as I remember listening to it on an AM transistor radio that summer, on I think 648khz. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:07, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

...in popular culture?
Where would the "Hitchhiker's Guide in Popular Culture" go? I'm aware it would get huge, and there is "...as an international phenomenon", but that doesn't include UK stuff. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:24, 30 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Probably nowhere. If what you're thinking of is really notable and not trivia, then it should fit into the existing sections.  If not, there is no point making a new section for it. r ʨ anaɢ talk/contribs 17:47, 30 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I disagree. Several Wikipedia articles include an "In Popular Culture" section toward the end of the article, before notes and references.  I came to the Talk section because I noticed it was missing.  Off the top of my head, there are: Babelfish - yahoo's translation engine, Paranoid Android - a song by Radiohead, and Trillian the instant messenger client.  There's probably many more.  It's a shame this thread is from 2009.  I don't know how to edit wikipedia or I'd start the section myself.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:51, 5 May 2012 (UTC)

John Carnell
It doesn't seem likely that the John Carnell referred to in the Comic Books section is the same one as in the article that his name links to (the latter died years before HHGG was ever writtten). --Paul (talk) 17:47, 19 November 2009 (UTC)

Lewis Carrol
Am I crazy or does this book bare huge simalarities to that of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland alot of the other works of Lewis Carrol? The number 42 is just one of them. To me they both say the same things except The Hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy is alot less confusing.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:36, 26 January 2010 (UTC)
 * You are crazy, but other than that one might have been influenced by the other. felinoel (talk) 10:42, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

Rights
Who owns the rights to this entirety? I am creating an MMORPG and would like to celebrate Towel Day in game with HHGTTG themed items and would prefer to go the legal route... felinoel (talk) 10:42, 10 March 2010 (UTC)
 * lol, look at the minutes of when I posted that question. felinoel (talk) 10:55, 14 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Shouldn't who owns this in its article? Doesn't Wikipedia have to at least say who this property is owned by anyways? felinoel (talk) 08:50, 17 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Just looking at one of the books, it says copyright 1980 by Serious Productions, LTD. It was published by The Ballantine Publishing Group. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:06, 5 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Well Serious Productions seems to not exist anymore and I don't know what rights to the franchise as a whole the publisher would have... especially since the books wasn't even the start of the franchise? felinoel (talk) 17:39, 5 June 2010 (UTC)
 * In both the US and the UK, copyright lasts for 70 years after the author of the work dies. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:57, 5 May 2012 (UTC)

The More Than Complete Hitchhiker's Guide
The More Than Complete Hitchhiker's Guide came out before The Ultimate Hitchhiker's guide and had Young Zaphod Plays it Safe but not Mostly Harmless. I don't know of an edition that also has And Another Thing.Hackwrench (talk) 02:52, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

'Instalment' vs 'installment'
According to American_and_British_English_spelling_differences, "Conversely, there are words where British writers prefer a single l and Americans usually use a double l. In American usage, the spelling of words is usually not changed when they form the main part (not prefix or suffix) of other words, especially in newly formed words and in words whose main part is in common use. Words exhibiting this spelling difference include wil(l)ful, skil(l)ful, thral(l)dom, appal(l), fulfil(l), fulfil(l)ment, enrol(l)ment, instal(l)ment. These words have monosyllabic cognates always written with -ll: will, skill, thrall, pall, fill, roll, stall, still." By that reckoning, the proper British spelling ought to be 'Instalment'. The current version now reflects that. Ohconfucius ¡digame! 09:28, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Just to support this, I looked up the word in both of my British (English) dictionaries. It is "instalment" (one 'l') in both. I will change the invisible comment in the article to make this clearer. HairyWombat 15:52, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

Lost Chapters of the Guide
I'm trying to read everything by Douglas Adams and getting very close. However I have run into "The Lost Chapters," and have no idea the truth behind it.

Hellium's got a reivew of this called "Short story reviews: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, The Lost Chapters, by Douglas Adams" and douglasadams.se forum got an article called The Lost Chapters

Looking at those two links and at many others, it does seem likely they are fanfiction. Does anyone know for a fact they are?

But my biggest point is it appears to be big enough (talked about enough & survived long enough) to have atleast a mention in the article as being a old popular fanfiction, being by Adams if it really is (unlikely as it seems), or just say it is uncertain. I didn't want to just start making edits without really knowing much about these lost chapters. It being a fan fiction (likely I just don't know personally) and still staying strong this long, I would think warrant a mention. Curious what other people think of including a mention? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jp0d009 (talk • contribs) 00:35, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

Radio ?
Does this article belong in the various radio categories or not? We have one editor that wants to remove it from one radio category, but I say that makes no sense, either this belongs with all the relevant (to HGTTG) radio sections, or none (because a sub article is in) Jasonfward (talk) 22:51, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

 * I am the other editor referred to (and, yes, really it should be all or none). My logic is that we already have an article The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (radio series), which undoubtedly belongs in all the relevant radio categories, so should this article also be in those categories? I'm looking at this from the point of view of someone browsing through the category page -- would they want to see both articles listed? --  Dr Greg   talk  23:47, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

Inside-out madhouse
Anyone recalls where the inside-out madhouse was metioned? I can't seem to find it anywhere. →Yaniv256talkcontribs 20:43, 13 August 2012 (UTC)
 * The house of Wonko the Sane? So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish. Nanonic (talk) 22:10, 13 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes! Thank you! Wonko the sane! Now, there is a good username! Too bad the market for usernames is closed today!→Yaniv256talkcontribs 22:41, 13 August 2012 (UTC)

Don't panic
Shouldn't it be noted somewhere that the popular phrase "Don't panic" wasn't first made popular by Adams - it was one of the most famous catchphrases in Dad's Army, a seminal British sitcom on the BBC that ran from 1968-1977, and was spoken by Lance-Corporal Jack Jones. I always wondered why Adams used it when it was already so popular and attached in the UK public's mind to Dad's Army. Any thoughts? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:55, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Good point, although the two uses of the phrase are very different; indeed, in a way, diametrically opposite! --Roly (talk) 13:33, 11 March 2013 (UTC)

Why is Google doing a tribute today?
Today, 11 March 2013, Google's homepage banner is a tribute to HHGG. Why? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:30A:C08C:A6F0:21C:B3FF:FEC3:2572 (talk) 14:34, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Today is Douglas Adams' birthday. - GroveGuy (talk) 21:10, 11 March 2013 (UTC)

Novels: So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish
Along the way, they are joined by Marvin, the Paranoid Android, who, although 37 times older than the universe itself (what with time travel and all), has just enough power left in his failing body to read the message and feel better about it all before expiring.

=> "...what with time travel and all...", what does that mean? :P Jayaguru-Shishya (talk) 23:22, 7 February 2014 (UTC)

 * He can be older than the universe because he goes back in time, so he can live longer the universe. Ollieinc (talk) 01:43, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

Poster for Ken Campbell’s ICA production
I’ve just uploaded a pic of the poster from the ICA production to my Flickr https://www.flickr.com/photos/coconino/14412790193/ and if anyone thinks it should be added to this page please do so or add a link. I’m not sure things like permission to use the poster, it’s not my work, just the photograph of it. Something I noticed is that the poster says the ICA run was from 1-19 May while the current article says 1-9 May. I remember the show very well, it was quite an event. Coconino (talk) 19:15, 10 June 2014 (UTC)


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Pomoz Bog

Pomoz Bog (Помоз Бог) or Pomaže Bog (Помаже Бог) is a traditional Serbian greeting used by Serbs. It literally means "God helps" but is considered the equivalent to "hello" or "good day" in English. The typical response to the greeting is Bog ti pomogao (Бог ти помогао), "God help you".

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pomoz Bog


text:
File:Coplan.jpg

Summary
A self-portrait of myself for my user bio page. I took the photograph myself. This formatted version of this image has not been previously published.

title: File:Coplan.jpg


text:
Cookbook:Mussel

| Seafood

Mussels are bivalve shellfish that can be found in lakes, rivers, creeks, intertidal areas, and throughout the ocean. The saltwater mussels (family Mytilidae) and freshwater mussels (family Unionidae) are not thought to be closely related despite considerable similarities in appearance. Mussels are filter feeders, and tend to absorb any toxic chemicals and pollutants from the water pumped through them. For cooking purposes:
 * mollusks deteriorate rapidly and if not cooked right away may lead to infections in the mollusk tissues
 * Make sure that the lake or river source of the mussels is not polluted and that the mussels are not diseased.
 * to test a mussel for freshness, try sliding the two halves of the shell across each other. If they move at all, then the shell is probably filled with mud
 * wash mussels by agitating them in a colander with running cold water
 * scrub mussel shells with a stiff brush
 * mussels may be steamed, removed from the shell, or served in the shell with or without sauce.

To avoid danger of food poisoning, when cooking mussels the following two "chef's rules" should always be adhered to:
 * before cooking, discard any mussels where the shells are open (including those which are cracked)
 * and discard any mussels which did not open during cooking (in other words, if the're still closed after cooking - get rid of them).

Cleaning and eating mussels
Here are some safety guidelines for buying, eating and cooking live bivalves (mussels and clams):

 * Never buy a mussel/clam that's open or cracked.
 * Never eat a mussel/clam that won't open after cooking.
 * Cook mussels/clams within 24 hours of purchasing.
 * Always brush mussels/clams clean before cooking. Remove beards from mussels as well.

For more on this subject have a look at Happy as a clam by Chef Mark R. Vogel

Mussel recipes

 * Moules Mariniere
 * Mussels with Potatoes

title: Cookbook:Mussel


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Aníta Hinriksdóttir

Aníta Hinriksdóttir (born 13 January 1996) is an Icelandic middle-distance track athlete who specializes in the 800 metres. She won the bronze medal in the event at the 2017 European Indoor Championships and a silver at the 2017 European Under-23 Championships.

As a 16-year old, she placed fourth in the 800 m at the 2012 World U20 Championships before winning the event at the 2013 World U18 Championships and European U20 Championships. Hinriksdóttir is the Icelandic record holder for the 800 m and 1500 m outdoors and indoors and holds also three other individual national records. She won 13 Icelandic titles.

Biography
Aníta was born in Reykjavík, Iceland. On 14 July 2013, she won the 800 m at the 2013 World Youth Championships in Athletics in Donetsk, Ukraine. On 20 July, she won the event at the 2013 European Junior Championships in Athletics held in Rieti, Italy. These achievements made her the first person to win gold medals at both the World Youth Championships and the European Junior Championships in athletics.

She then represented Iceland at the 2016 Rio Olympics in the women's 800 m event. Aníta set another Icelandic national record with a time of 2:00.14 but just failed to qualify to the semifinals.

Personal life
Aníta is the niece of long-distance runner Martha Ernstdóttir who competed in the women's marathon at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

title: Aníta Hinriksdóttir


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Yrsa

Etymology
, of obscure origin, possibly from. Latinized as.

Etymology
From.

Usage notes
Matronymics
 * son of Yrsa: Yrsuson
 * daughter of Yrsa: Yrsudóttir

Etymology
,, ultimate meaning and origin sv. Possibly from.

Statistics

 * According to 2023 statistics from the Swedish Tax Agency, the given name Yrsa belong to 411 individuals in Sweden.

title: Yrsa


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User:Ampe Sports/sandbox

The Ampe Sports is a branded version of the Ampe game in Ghana. The creator of the Ampe Sports is Ernest Gyimah, who is a Doctor, Businessman, Royal Chief, Defence and National Security expert, etc. Ampe Sports started as community fun game played by young girls but has now become international Sports through the efforts of Be-Great Promotions and a number of the media organisations both in Ghana and abroad.

Ampe Sports History

The Ampe Sports was developed in Ghana in 2010 by the Ghanaian Doctor and international Intelligence operative Dr. Ernest Gyimah. Ampe Sports was created and mainly played by females. Ampe is now played with a governing rules, and match officials are comprises of a referee, three judges, and a recorder. Ampe Circuit is the adopted name for the stage where the match takes place. A total of twenty players competed at a time but get onto the Ampe Circuit one after the other. A former District Chief Executive had described the branded Ampe Sports as the most interesting Sports in the 21st Century.

title: User:Ampe Sports/sandbox


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Wikijunior talk:Big Cats/Tiger

# of tigers left in the wild
The number of tigers left in the wild can be found by going to this Encarta article:, and adding up the numbers. --Munchkinguy 01:08, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Camo
"Their stripes help them blend into the background there and keeps them from being seen by other animals." '''edn:We need to split this off. This is a really important concept and should be discussed separately.''' This editorial note was left in the text. I moved it here, as it seemed a more appropriate place for it. Jonathan O'Donnell 09:08, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Nah... it doesn't really need it's own section. It might be worth noting something in the glossary however. Just mu thoughts though. --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark)  18:08, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Subheadings
I previously changed subheadings into the affirmative. I did this because faulty punctuation caught my attention then the interrogative form seemed peculiar to me. I now see that this is a standard form in this project and guess that the issue was previously decided. I have returned them to the interogatory form. Sorry if I've caused confusion. Ande 06:12, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

map of distribution
Tigers are also exist(ed) in Sumatra and Jawa (two Indonesian islands), so we might have to change the distribution map.

Types of tigers?
There are many types of tigers. Wouldn't it be appropriate to at least mention this?MiltonT 01:26, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Wikijunior talk:Big Cats/Tiger


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User:SophieB22/sandbox

The Providence Art Club is an art club that was founded in 1880, and is located on Thomas Street in Providence, Rhode Island. An art club is an organization for artists and the community to engage and collaborate with each other in a shared space dedicated to art and culture. The club has studios, galleries, eateries, and a clubhouse in a "picturesque procession of historic houses," which are across the street from the First Baptist Church in America.[1] The buildings that the Providence Art Club occupies include Brick House, Dodge House, Deacon Taylor House, and Fleur De Lys Studio.

History
The Providence Art Club was founded on February 19, 1880. It is the third oldest continually operating art club in America, after the Philadelphia Sketch Club and New York's Salmagundi Club. It was the first art club in the United States to admit women as members.

The Brown brothers, Nicholas, Joseph, John, and Moses helped to construct the buildings on the street that formed the basis of infrastructure that has served as the foundation for the remodeling and many renovations that have been implemented since the 1800s.

At the inception of the club, Providence was flourishing economically, primarily from its expanding commercial activity as a port city. This enabled the city to invest in cultural endeavors, like art. Painting and sculpture was developed as a past time by many of the mill men and manufacturers of the day. The market for painting was primarily relegated to portraiture at first, as this was the demand by many wealthy patrons.

As the artistic community expanded in Providence, scattered small groups of artists opened studios primarily around the town center. Some of these artists had a professional positions at private art schools and some gave more informal lessons in their studios.

Gradually, a small group of artists including Edward Mitchell Bannister, Charles Walter Stetson, Sydney Burleigh, George William Whitaker, and Rosa Peckham came together to form the Club after many years of discussing the difficulty of displaying their works. At their first meeting, they created a committee to draft the first constitution, chose temporary officers, and debated the space in which they would occupy. They also created a compact which is preserved, to this day, in the Club's safe.

The first president of the Art Club was the locally prominent portrait artist James Sullivan Lincoln. The club's first woman president was Mabel May Woodward.

Not much is known about founding member Rosa Peckham; she studied with William Rimmer in New York and Jules Joseph Lefebvre in Paris. She was among the first 30 American women to have her artwork exhibited at the Paris Salon. It is Rosa Peckham's notes while she was serving as secretary that provide a detailed history of the inception of the Club. However, Peckham was only secretary for the first year of the Club and thereafter served as Vice President for a tenure but remained a member of the Club for the majority of her life.

The first exhibition at the Club was on May 11th, 1880 and was considered a critical success with many favorable reviews in a series of nine articles spanning four to five columns in the Providence Journal. Within a year of the creation of the Club, it had attracted over two hundred members and had found a suitable gallery space, though it continually underwent expansion and renovation, especially in its first decade of existence. The Club quickly became a space for socialization as members indulged in music, conversation, and lectures about culture.

After 1888, there was no admission charged to the general public to view the exhibitions. As time went on, the expenses for the exhibitions began to be paid out of the general Club fund and the gallery was opened all year long. In 1945, the Club revised its policy about taking a ten percent commission from the sales of artists' work and since then the artists have maintained total revenue from the sales of their work. The Club insures exhibits of artists' work against fire and theft.

Women Artists and the Providence Art Club
The Providence Art Club was the first American art club to insure full and equal membership to women in its original charter. On February 19th, 1880, six women signed the Club's original compact: Katherine H. Austin, Etta Belcher, Harriet R. Chace, Lottie F. Dailey, Rosa F. Peckham, and Eleanor W. Talbot. Their inclusion as equal members to their male counterparts in the club was "unheard of in 1880." A week after the signing, the group again met, at the home of Lottie Dailey, to adopt a constitution characterized by gender-neutral language. Three weeks after this, the group held a public gathering in the "Ladies Studio" to inaugurate the club and recruit new members. They recruited 112 members, with female members representing 48 of those recruits.

These founding women and other early members of the Providence Art Club worked professionally as artists and educators, each with studios in Providence where they made their art, gave lessons to others, and held yearly exhibits. Despite the societal barriers that being a woman in the male-dominated art world presented, many of these women made a name for themselves in the profession, even achieving economic independence through selling their work.

Through their success, these female artists challenged the "discriminatory myths of their time," namely that women making art was always simply a hobby, never a profession. They created a culture within which women could be empowered to challenge traditional gender stereotypes.

The women of the Club used the Ladies' Board to integrate themselves into the daily functions of the club in a manner that was separate and distinct from the men, though admittedly unequal. If elected to the board, in their first year they handled receptions for openings, the sale of the works on display, and general overview of the workings of the club. In their second year, members would work on an independent project and in their third and final year they would serve as an officer. Ex-members would often continue to serve on Club committees. In the early 90s, the autonomy of the Ladies' Board was dissolved as their responsibilities were diffused among all members of the Club and they were no longer excluded from traditional mens' activities.

Rhode Island School of Design and the Providence Art Club
From the Providence Art Club's founding in 1880, most members viewed the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD) and the Providence Art Club as having a symbiotic relationship. The Providence Art Club rented offices from the Rhode Island Society for the Encouragement of Domestic Industry just down the hall from RISD and used RISD spaces for its first exhibit. Many providence artists at the time were involved with both RISD and the Providence Art Club. Sarah Doyle, Clifton Hall, and William Weeden, all RISD trustee members, were early and active members of the Providence Art Club. George Whitaker, an artist at the Providence Art Club, was the first teacher of oil painting at RISD and George Porter, the head teacher at RISD, was a founding Providence Art Club member.

However, from the start the artists of Rhode Island believed that keeping the Rhode Island School of Design and the Providence Art Club separate was extremely important. George Porter submitted an early proposition to have the Providence Art Club rent rooms from RISD and institute dual membership between the two institutions, but this was voted down. It was artist John Nelson Arnold who most strongly argued for the independence of the Providence Art Club. He believed that it was paramount that the Providence Art Club have its own space in order to avoid the risk of being overshadowed and enveloped by RISD.

Each institution took up compatible but distinct roles. RISD served as a training ground for artists, teaching art skills with an emphasis on employment. The Providence Art Club served as a space for the exhibition of professional artists, currying favor from art collectors and buyers. Both institutions, endorsed by Providence's wealthy social class, invigorated the art community.

Tax Status
The Club has a tax-exempt 501(c)(3) status that enables the Club to maintain its financial well-being. Their Endowment Fund, which is their repository of all non-designated gifts, uses annual dividends to cover the club's operating expenses as member dues do not fully cover these costs.

Organization
The Club is still largely overseen by the President although in the 1990s adopted a position for a professional manager to oversee the daily functions of the Club so that the President could be freed up from these administrative tasks. An Executive Committee meets once a week to discuss issues relevant to the function of the Club and the entire Board meets each month, on the second Thursday, to further continue these conversations which is followed by a dinner.

Exhibitions
The total collection of the Club is comprised of over 500 works ranging from paintings to pieces of furniture. "Picture of the Month" is an exhibit over the fireplace in the Club's reading room that changes each month and the pieces are selected from either the Club's collection, a member's private collection, or a recent purchase. Exhibits are held every two to three weeks and usually consist of the works of three to four artists, two to three displaying in the Mays and Moite gallery and the other in the Dodge House gallery. Artist members of the Club can exhibit on a two to three year basis. Each year an Artists' Forum is hosted with the subject being of interest to the artist members of the Club. More regularly, there are Artists' Nights that include demos, lectures, and workshops relevant to the interests of members.

Library and Archive
At the inception of the Art Club, Providence did not have many institutions dedicated to the collection and curation of books and periodicals on art. The Club decided to subscribe to a variety of these publications and the library committee collected and bound these materials for future purview. In 1963, the decision was made to donate many of these bound volumes to RISD and Roger Williams College to clear the space for a new display case. At present, the Club is dedicated to curating a fine arts library which includes the works of members. There is a digital repository of these resources and a monthly newsletter sent out by the librarian to members about the resources available to them in the library. In 1969, a member of the Art Club named Marge Dalenius organized all of the records of the Club that had previously been scattered in scrapbooks and other repositories around the Club. In 1993, the Club gained an official archivist to ensure the longevity of the documents detailing the Club's history which have since been transferred to a digital repository.

Membership
The Providence Art Club is always looking to welcome new members who are interested in art and culture. After being accepted, members get to attend monthly social events, including dinners, artist panel discussions, lectures, art lessons, and music programs. The Club also has a culinary program, with multiple dining rooms each providing a unique dining experience. Lunch is served Monday through Friday in the Café and is extremely popular among members. The Café also hosts dinners on Saturday nights and special brunches and receptions. Members can also host private events for up to 300 members.

There are three levels of membership. Patron members enjoy all of these benefits, but can not exhibit their work. Arts Professional Members, who must submit a selection of their artwork in order to qualify, benefit from the status of Professional Member, but also cannot exhibit work. Finally, Exhibiting Artist Members, who submit a portfolio which is then voted on by the Arts Qualification Committee, are able to exhibit and sell their work in the Providence Art Club Galleries.

If the Providence Art Club is closed, members are privy to reciprocal privileges from other clubs. Other clubs in the area, including the Brown Faculty Club, the Agawam Hunt, the Hope Club, the Rhode Island Country Club, and the Squantum Association, have offered dining privileges to Providence Art Club members during summer and other downtimes. The Providence Art Club has also recently formed relationships with the Arts Club of Washington, Circolo della Caccia in Bologna, Italy, the Franklin Inn Club of Philadelphia, the National Arts Club, the Salmagundi Club of Manhattan, and the St. Botolph Club of Boston.

title: User:SophieB22/sandbox


text:
Prauserella soli

Prauserella soli is a bacterium from the genus Prauserella which has been isolated from crude oil-contaminated soil in Kuwait. Prauserella soli has the ability to degrade crude oil.

title: Prauserella soli


text:
Fanning Springs State Park

Fanning Springs State Park is a Florida State Park, located on US 19/98 in the town of Fanning Springs. It contains one of the state's 33 first magnitude springs. As of 2008, decreased water emission levels at the springs technically requalify the first magnitude status as "historical first magnitude."

The original occupants of the land were native aborigines, "paleo-Indian people", beginning 14,000 years ago, and several of sites previously occupied by them have been located within the park.

The area has been used for recreation, and in 1993 the state acquired the park. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection took over care of the park in 1997.

The Nature Coast State Trail, which follows abandoned railway lines, has a junction at Fanning Springs near the state park.

title: Fanning Springs State Park


text:
Pascal Programming/Beginning

In this chapter you will learn:
 * How a Pascal source code file is structured
 * Basic terminology

Programs
All your programming tasks require one source code file that is called in Pascal a. A  source code file is translated by the compiler into an executable application which you can run. Let’s look at a minimal  source code file:
 * 1) The first line   indicates that this file is a Pascal source code file for a program.
 * 2) The   and   mark a frame. We will explain this in detail as we move on.
 * 3)    is a comment. Comments will be ignored by the compiler, thus do not contribute in any way how the executable program looks or behaves.
 * 4) And the final dot   after the final   informs the compiler about the program source code file’s end.

Compilation
In order to start your program you need to compile it.

First, copy the program shown above. We advise you to actually type out the examples and not to copy and paste code. Name the file. is the program’s name, and the filename extension  helps you to identify the source code file.

Once you are finished, tell the compiler you have chosen to compile the program: If you are using the FPC, type into a console followed by a (relative or absolute) file name path to the source code file:

If you are using the GPC, type into a console followed by a (relative or absolute) file name path to the source code file:

Finally, you can then execute the program by one of the methods your OS provides. For example on a console you simply type out the file name of the executable file: (where  refers to the current working directory in Unix-like environments) As this program does (intentionally) nothing, you will not notice any (notable) changes. After all, the program’s name  is short for no operation.

The computer speaks
Congratulations to your first Pascal program! To be fair, though, the program is not of much use, right? As a small step forward, let’s make the computer speak (metaphorically) and introduce itself to the world:

Program header
The first difference you will notice is in the first line. Not only the program name changed, but there is. This is a program parameter. In fact, it is a list. Here, it only contains one item, but the general form is  and so on. A program parameter designates an external entity the OS needs to supply the program with, so it can run as expected. We will go into detail later on, but for now we need to know there are two special program parameters: and. These parameters symbolize the default means of interacting with the OS. Usually, if you run a program on a console,  is the console’s display.

Writing to the console
The next difference is. This is a statement. The statement is a routine invocation. The routine is called. has (optional) parameters. The parameters are, again, a comma-separated list surrounded by parentheses.

Routines
Routines are reusable pieces of code that can be used over and over again. The routine, short for write line, writes all supplied parameters to the destination followed by a “newline character” (some magic that will move the cursor to the next line). Here, however, the destination is invisible. That is, because it is optional it can be left out. If it is left out, the destination becomes, so our console output. If we want to name the destination explicitly, we have to write. and  are identical. The missing optional parameter will be inserted automatically, but it relieves the programmer from typing it out.

In order to use a routine, we write its name, as a statement, followed by the list of parameters. We did that in line 2 above.

String literals
The parameter  is a so-called string literal. Literal means, your program will take this sequence of characters as it is, not interpret it in any way, and pass it to the routine. A  literal is delimited by typewriter (straight) apostrophes.

Reserved words
In contrast to that, the words,   and   (and many more you see in a bold face in the code examples) are so-called reserved words. They convey special meaning as regards to how to interpret and construct the executable program. You are only allowed to write them at particular places.

Behavior
Now, that we know what the source code contains, create a new file, copy the source code (by typing it manually), compile and run it: This type of program, by the way, is an example of a class of “Hello world” programs. They serve the purpose for demonstrating minimal requirements a source code file in any programming language needs to fulfill. For more examples see Hello world in the WikiBook “Computer Programming” (and appreciate Pascal’s simplicity compared to other programming languages).

Comments
We already saw the option to write comments. The purpose of comments is to serve the programmer as a reminder.

Comment syntax
Pascal defines curly braces as comment delimiting characters: (spaces are for visual guidance and have no significance). The left brace opens or starts a comment, and the right brace closes a comment.

However, when Pascal was developed not all computer systems had curly braces on their keyboards. Therefore the bigramms (a pair of letters) using parentheses and asterisks was made legal, too: .

Such comments are called block comments. They can span multiple lines. Delphi introduced yet another style of comment, line comments. They start with two slashes  and comprise everything until the end of the current line.

Delphi, the FPC as well as GPC support all three styles of comments.

Helpful comments
There is an “art” of writing good comments.

When writing a comment, stick to one natural language. In the chapters to come you will read many “good” comments (unless they clearly demonstrate something like below).

Terminology
Familiarize with the following terminology (that means the terms on the right printed as comments):

Note, how every constant and type definition, as well as every variable declaration all go into dedicated sections. The reserved words,  , and   serve as headings.

A sequence is also called a compound statement. The combination of definitions, declarations and a sequence is called a block. Definitions and declarations are optional, but a sequence is required. The sequence may be empty, as we already demonstrated above, but this is usually not the case.

Do not worry, the difference between definition and declaration will be explained later. For now you should know and recognize sections and blocks.

title: Pascal Programming/Beginning


text:
Värvat främlingsregemente

Värvat Främlingsregemente (Enlisted Foreigner Regiment), was a Swedish Army infantry regiment organised in Poland in the early 18th century.

History
The regiment was organised in Poland in 1706 during the Great Northern War, and it was made up of 1,200 men—mostly former Polish soldiers that had been captured or that had deserted. In 1709 when the regiment marched out of Poland, 960 men deserted, and the regiment was disbanded. The remaining soldiers were transferred to other regiments.

Campaigns

 * The Great Northern War (1700–1721)

title: Värvat främlingsregemente


text:
Talk:Al-Khansaa Brigade

Arabic script needed
please add Arabic script: how to say "Al-Khansaa Brigade" in Arabic language?--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:21, 26 December 2015 (UTC)

Unique?
"It is unique in the Muslim world where in other regimes with similar systems of religious police (such as Saudi Arabia) men enforce hisbah among women": I vaguely seem to remember that Not Without My Daughter (book) mentions female officers in Iran making sure that women wear adequate clothing. Apokrif (talk) 19:27, 28 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Al-Khansaa Brigade


text:
Talk:Richmond, Minnesota

Untitled
Richmond has a amazing sights!

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 one external links on Richmond, Minnesota. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6HQu4Spqa to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20110721034521/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST13&prodType=table to http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST13&prodType=table
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2 to http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX to http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 04:39, 2 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Richmond, Minnesota. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:34, 21 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Richmond, Minnesota


text:
A-level Chemistry/AQA/Module 5/Thermodynamics/Heat Engines

The Carnot Cycle
The Carnot Cycle is named after its discoverer,Sadi Carnot The Carnot Cycle is the most efficient heat engine that could be built. It converts heat energy from a heat source into work. Or if run in reverse, converts work into the movement of heat, i.e. a refrigerator. In a Carnot Cycle all Processes are reversible.

Steps in a Carnot Cycle

 * 1) Isothermal Expansion at T1  (The higher temperature). During this step work is done by heat being absorbed from a heat source.
 * 2) Adiabatic Expansion from T1 to T2. No heat enters or leaves the system during this step. Work is done on the surroundings in this step.
 * 3) Isothermal Compression at T2. Heat flows into a heat sink during this step as the surroundings do work on the gas.
 * 4) Adiabatic Compression from T2 to T1. Here the surroundings again do work on the system, compressing the gas and raising its temperature.

Efficiency of a Carnot Cycle
The Efficiency η is defined for heat engines as the amount of work done by the process divided by the Heat Input.

As energy must be conserved, the Work is equal to the heat in minus the heat out. $$ W = q_1 - q_2 $$ So the efficiency is equal to $$ \eta = \frac{q_1 - q_2}{q_1} $$ This means that the efficiency of a Heat Engine Increases with higher heat source and with a cooler Heat Sink.

$$ \eta = 1 - \frac{q_2}{q_1} $$ $$ \frac{q_2}{q_1}= \frac{T_2}{T_1}$$ so finally $$ \eta = 1 - \frac{T_2}{T_1} $$

And as the heat in and out is proportional to the Temperature of the Source and Sink.

Refrigeration and Coefficient of Performance
When a Carnot Cycle is run in reverse, it becomes a fridge, taking heat from the 'sink', and giving it to the 'source'. The coefficient of Performance is defined as $$ C = \frac{q_1}{W} $$ $$ C = \frac{q_1}{q_1 - q_2} $$

Reversible Process'
A reversible process is one where the entropy of the system and surroundings doesn't increase.


text:
Talk:Hassan Yousef (Hamas leader)

Untitled
I could rewrite this page. There is lots of information on Yousef in the book 'son of Hamas', written by his son. But, I don't know if its worth my times, since what I write many times gets deleted. michal

title: Talk:Hassan Yousef (Hamas leader)


text:
Patania palliventralis

Patania palliventralis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Snellen in 1890. It is found in India (Sikkim).

title: Patania palliventralis


text:
get on up

Verb

 * 1)  Get up.
 * 2) * 1925, William Faulkner, “Sunset”, reprinted in New Orleans Sketches, University Press of Mississippi (2002), ISBN 1-57806-471-6, page 77,
 * “Get on up yonder and get a ticket, if you want to ride.”
 * 1)  To dance with abandon
 * 2) * 1967, The Esquires, Get On Up (song)
 * So get on up (get on up) / On the floor (get on up) / Get on up, now (get on up) / And dance some more (get on up)
 * So get on up (get on up) / On the floor (get on up) / Get on up, now (get on up) / And dance some more (get on up)

title: get on up


text:
Bischoff

Bischoff is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Amaury Bischoff (born 1987), Portuguese-born French footballer
 * Anna Catharina Bischoff (1719–1787), wife of pastor Lucas Gernler, known for her well-conserved mummy
 * Bernard J. Bischoff (1931–1980), American politician and judge
 * Bernhard Bischoff (1906–1991), German historian and paleographer
 * Bob Bischoff (born 1941), American politician
 * David Bischoff (1951–2018), American science fiction and television writer
 * Eduard Hagenbach-Bischoff (1833–1910), Swiss physicist and electoral reformer
 * Elmer Bischoff (1916–1991), American artist
 * Eric Bischoff, (born 1955), American wrestling announcer, producer and performer
 * Franz Bischoff (1864–1929), American artist
 * Garett Bischoff (born 1984), American wrestler
 * Hans Bischoff (1889–1960), German entomologist
 * Hermann Bischoff (1868–1936), German composer
 * John Bischoff (1894–1981), American baseball player
 * John Bischoff, (born 1949), American composer
 * John W. Bischoff (1850–1909), American blind musician and composer
 * Karl Bischoff (1897–1950), German architect, engineer and Nazi functionary, chief of construction of Auschwitz II-Birkenau camp
 * Klaus Bischoff (born 1960), German chess player
 * Klaus Zyciora (born Klaus Bischoff; 1961), German automotive designer
 * Manfred Bischoff (born 1942), German businessman
 * Mikkel Bischoff (born 1982), Danish football pundit and former player
 * Sabine Bischoff (1958–2013), German fencer
 * Samuel Bischoff (1890–1975), American film producer
 * Suzanne Bischoff van Heemskerck (born 1950), Dutch politician
 * Theodor Ludwig Wilhelm von Bischoff (1807–1882), German biologist
 * Winfried Bischoff, (1941–2023), Anglo-German banker, financier, chairman of Citigroup

title: Bischoff


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nathan S. Hill

The result was   delete. No evidence of notability presented. — Coffee //  have a cup  //  beans  // 00:54, 24 February 2015 (UTC)

Nathan S. Hill

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

non-notable per WP:CREATIVE, no independent refs given, non found, possible COI/PR creator Deunanknute (talk) 23:32, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment-I was unsure of this but he did look notable at the time but now I'm unsure what to say. Wgolf (talk) 23:34, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment-He is more notable than the Australian director of same name — Preceding unsigned comment added by PRose88 (talk • contribs) 23:52, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * comment notability is not determined by other articles, please see WP:WHATABOUTX. Also, see WP:RS and WP:IS for information on reliable and independent sources, respectively. Deunanknute (talk) 00:06, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment I am a film historian and feel this Nathan Hill has made a couple notable films. — Preceding unsigned comment added by PRose88 (talk • contribs) 00:09, February 10, 2015
 * Comment Please explain why a filmmaker of home videos is listed as "Nathan Hill" the filmmaker not the real Nathan Hill? — Preceding unsigned comment added by PRose88 (talk • contribs) 00:12, February 10, 2015
 * Comment Is Rotten Tomatoes an Independent source? — Preceding unsigned comment added by PRose88 (talk • contribs) 00:14, February 10, 2015
 * Comment PRose88 is the author of the article, and has made no edits other than those concerning the director and his film. Meters (talk) 22:51, 23 February 2015 (UTC)

comment - rotten tomatoes does not establish notability, neither does imdb. I'm not sure what you mean by the "home videoes...not the real" comment, but I think your answer might be in WP:WHATABOUTX. If not, please clarify. Also, please sign comments with 4 "~"'s Deunanknute (talk) 00:22, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I should probably clarify this a little. What Deunanknute means is that profiles on Rotten Tomatoes or IMDb cannot show notability since all it shows is that the person exists as a director, actor, or in some position. Now if there were reviews for Hill's work on Rotten Tomatoes by verified critics (the ones that make up the Tomatometer) then those could show notability for him, but it'd have to be for works where he served in an extremely major position like a lead actor or director. From what I can see on RT, none of Hill's work has gained any critical reviews. Now as far as IMDb goes, that's considered to be a routine database listing and at most it can be used to back up small, trivial details but even then that's sometimes questionable because of how easy it is for people to create profiles and alter them with little to no oversight. Notability can only be established through coverage in independent and reliable sources per WP:RS. Sites like Search my Trash are not considered to be reliable and Gadget Advisor could be, but I can't seem to verify what type of editorial oversight it has (if any) so I can't see where that'd be usable either. Something like a review of one of his films on Film Threat or an article through Variety about him would be the type of thing that you'd need to show notability. Tokyogirl79 (｡◕‿◕｡)   07:33, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of United States of America-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:51, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Arizona-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:51, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Actors and filmmakers-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:51, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, -- Sam Sing! 18:48, 16 February 2015 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Biblio  worm  16:46, 23 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tony Basha

The result was   delete. Missvain (talk) 05:35, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

Tony Basha
AfDs for this article:
 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Non-notable sportsman/businessman, no credible sources, primarily edited by a single use account that appears to be whom the subject of the article is, with a perhaps inadvertent attempt to advertise a non-notable company. Issues with the article since creation that include NPOV, conflict of interest & original research. Macktheknifeau (talk) 08:22, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletion discussions. Grahame (talk) 23:06, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of association football-related deletions. • Gene93k (talk) 18:55, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Football-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 18:56, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Sportspeople-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 18:56, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Businesspeople-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 18:56, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Delete - fails WP:GNG and WP:NFOOTBALL. GiantSnowman 19:17, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment, the article claims he has played in the S.League, a fully professional league, though he seems to be the source. Hack (talk) 02:28, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment, I searched for any independent articles or statistical sites that would confirm that he played for them and found nothing concrete. There are a handful of articles that say "former S-League player", and I do not personally doubt he was at the club at some point, and likely played matches but I can't find anything independent that definitely states that in a manner that would qualify him as notable. Macktheknifeau (talk) 07:58, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete - Player fails WP:NFOOTY as there is no credible evidence he has played in a fully professional league, nor senior international football. Even if he has played in the S-League, it seems highly likely that he made only a handful of appearances and so NFOOTY would not really be relevant here. No indication of any other achievements that have garnered sufficient, significant coverage to satisfy WP:GNG. As the academy he is head of does not have its own articleI presume it is not really that notable and so he being head of it does not confer notability? Fenix down (talk) 13:22, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete - no evidence of notability. Nfitz (talk) 15:58, 15 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Nucras aurantiaca

Nucras aurantiaca, the Lambert's Bay sandveld lizard, is a wall lizard in the family of true lizards (Lacertidae). It is found in South Africa.

title: Nucras aurantiaca


text:
rozinka

Etymology
+, from , , from , from , northern variant of 🇨🇬, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) raisin

title: rozinka


text:
User:JWSchmidt/Blog/8 February 2007

Referees  Back in June 2006 I started thinking seriously about how Wikiversity would allow original research while preventing potential problems such as cranks who would offer up bogus "research". I found it hard to escape from the conventional approach of having some kind of formal system for peer review. In August, after the launch of Wikiversity I tried to come up with a name for the folks who would power a Wikiversity formal peer review process and came up with "referee". At the end of August I put the idea of formal peer review at the Wikiversity multi-lingual hub.

Today we finally got a first draft of a policy for the Wikiversity:Review board on the Wikiversity multi-lingual hub. I think the key feature of this proposed policy is the idea of having a new kind of functionary ("referee") who would be certified by the community as having some expertise in a particular subject area. Under this proposed policy, the community will rely on on "referees" to make sure that Wikiversity research projects do not turn into POV silliness and crank factories.

title: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/8 February 2007


text:
Paul W. K. Rothemund

Paul Wilhelm Karl Rothemund is a research professor at the Computation and Neural Systems department at Caltech. He has become known in the fields of DNA nanotechnology and synthetic biology for his pioneering work with DNA origami. He shared both categories of the 2006 Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology with Erik Winfree for their work in creating DNA nanotubes, algorithmic molecular self-assembly of DNA tile structures, and their theoretical work on DNA computing. Rothemund is also a 2007 recipient of the MacArthur Fellowship.

Life
Rothemund graduated from Laconia High School, New Hampshire, in 1990. He was the team captain of the championship Laconia team for the television quiz show Granite State Challenge. After graduating, Rothemund studied as an undergraduate at Caltech from 1990–1994, where he was a resident and member of Ricketts House. He attained his Ph.D. from the University of Southern California in 2001.

As a research fellow at Caltech, Rothemund has developed a technique to manipulate and fold strands of DNA known as DNA origami. Eventually, Rothemund hopes that self-assembly techniques could be used to create a "programming language for molecules, just as we have programming languages for computers." His work on large-scale sculptures of his DNA origami was exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art in New York from February 24 to May 12, 2008.

His grandfather, Paul Rothemund, was a chemist as well.

title: Paul W. K. Rothemund


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lakhan Gusain

The result of the debate was delete. Mailer Diablo 01:15, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Lakhan Gusain
Article for a non-notable person, apparently written by the subject. Article was prodded, but the author deleted both the prod AND what assertions of notability there were (namely that he had a teaching job in John Hopkins Uni), which is why I'm AfDing what looks like a speedy-able article -- Aim Here 00:40, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per WP:AUTO. 85 unique ghits. Roy  boy cr ash  fan  [[Image:Flag_of_Texas.svg|30px]] 00:59, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-notable person -- T B C [[Image:Confused-tpvgames.gif|18px|]] ???  ???   ??? 01:00, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn as per nom. --BrownHairedGirl 01:19, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as nn.Blnguyen | Have your say!!! 01:38, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn per nom. Very brief article does not even try to assert any notability. He's doing great on RateMyProfessor.com, though.  Kuru   talk  03:01, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. --Khoikhoi 04:09, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. ¡Dustimagic!  ( T / C ) 04:12, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, per WP:AUTO. Nothing of any encyclopedic value here, just blatant self-promotion. Akira 06:24, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable biography, WP:BIO, WP:AUTO and WP:Vanity all refer.  (aeropagitica)   07:02, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. --Ter e nce Ong 10:28, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, I have to think that the guy thought he was writing a userpage. At least I hope he did. <IP_ADDRESS> 14:50, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete Yep, vanity. He can put the single sentence back pretty easily, though. ProhibitOnions 20:38, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity, vanity, vanity. Oliver Keenan 20:42, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per all Evillan 21:08, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment John Hopkins is good enough that being a professor is automatically notable, but he doesn't seem to be a professor. Its best to delete the one sentence version though.  JeffBurdges 04:15, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete I disagree with JeffBurdges that being a prof at Johns Hopkins makes one notable (see WP:PROFTEST for guidelines in progress), but in this case... the guy wasn't claiming to even be a prof, and he's not even on the faculty list: . The prior version claimed he was widely published, which would be sufficient... but I couldn't find anything on google scholar, nor even a home page, so I can't verify it.  Mangojuice 19:50, 23 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
One Laptop Per Teacher/Test

This is a test page to begin the development on an online course for OLPT

Learning Project Summary

 * Header
 * Header
 * Time investment:
 * Assessment suggestions:
 * Portal:
 * School:
 * Department:
 * Stream
 * Level:
 * Level:

Content summary
[Describe this learning project in a sentence or two.]

Goals
This learning project offers learning activities to ____.
 * etc.

Concepts to learn include: /concepts

Learning materials
Learning materials and learning projects are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a link to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the main namespace) and start writing!

You should also read about the Learning model. Lessons should center on learning activities for Wikiversity participants. Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple projects. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.

Texts

 * __Textbook Name___

Lessons

 * Lesson 1: ...

Activities

 * Activity 1.
 * etc.

Readings
Each activity has a suggested associated background reading selection.
 * Reading 1.
 * Study guide:
 * Wikipedia article: __Article Name__
 * etc.

Active participants
Active participants in this Learning Group

title: One Laptop Per Teacher/Test


text:
User:Spiralina/sandbox

= Priyanga Madhankumar = Priyanga Madhankumar is an IAS officer from Karnataka cadre. She was born and brought up at Wallajah in Vellore district. She did her undergraduation from Government College of Engineering, Salem.

Her hobbies include gardening and running apart from reading.

She has completed her project in "Sainik School" which was presented to the cabinet ministers as part of her "Ministry of Defense" stint.

title: User:Spiralina/sandbox


text:
Gyanpur, Barhara

Gyanpur is a village in Barhara block of Bhojpur district in Bihar, India. As of 2011, its population was 2,381, in 386 households.

title: Gyanpur, Barhara


text:
Torricelli Range

The Torricelli Mountains are a mountain range in Sandaun Province, north-western Papua New Guinea. The highest peak in the range is Mount Sulen at 1650 meters. The Bewani Mountains are located to the west, and the Prince Alexander Mountains are located to the east. To the north, the mountains slope down to the Pacific Ocean, and to the south lies the basin of the Sepik River. The mountains are named after the Italian physicist and mathematician Evangelista Torricelli during the German colonial period.

Dozens of Torricelli languages are spoken within this mountain range.

Ecology
The portion of the range above 1000 meters elevation is home to the Northern New Guinea mountain rain forests ecoregion, which also extends across portions of the neighboring ranges. The slopes below 1000 meters are part of the Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests.

Two of the most endangered mammals in the world, Scott's tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus scottae) and golden-mantled tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus pulcherrimus), live in the mountains' rainforest. Discovered in 1981, the critically endangered northern glider (Petaurus abidi) occurs exclusively in an area of less than 100 km2 in the Torricelli Mountains.

title: Torricelli Range


text:
Wikiversity talk:Learning by doing

Why have this page?
Thanks for creating this page, John, but I still don't think it gives much (if any) real, practical advice to people about learning by doing. What does learning by doing mean? What kind of "doing" can lead to learning? And, crucially, how? Currently, this page replicates what we already have in other pages - I proposed this page as a space to actually explore and lay open what learning by doing means - both in general, and in Wikiversity. I think we'd be much better off looking at the model of experiential learning (also on infed), as well as informal and/or incidental learning - all of which touch on the central issues of learning by doing. The more we can guide people through the actual process the better - otherwise, why have this page? (Pardon the rant.) Cormaggio beep 17:56, 1 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I think it is productive to reflect upon the types of learning activities that have already been introduced to Wikiversity, particularly since so many people seem to have trouble thinking outside of the box of conventional courses. By starting with that, I was not closing the page to discussion of other things. If you feel that we can learn nothing useful from reflecting on what has happened so far at Wikiversity then feel free to clear the page and turn it into a discussion of other things. --JWSchmidt 19:07, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I absolutely applaud reflecting on what we've been doing so far at Wikiversity - reflection is central, crucial, pivotal to learning by doing (or, certainly, experiential learning). But my problem, thus far, is: where is the reflection (or even the description)? Where do we describe how the sample projects are designed to work - in the framework of learning by doing - and where do we reflect on and analyse that work? We don't (yet) - but I think it would be better if we did. I think isolating a few of the projects that you've selected already and describing how they can contribute to our understanding of learning by doing on this page would be better than a longer list of links from the page with little or no explanation/reflection (which is better in Portal:Learning projects). Of course, I will just get on with doing this myself - I'm not trying to complain - rather, to raise a general issue about how, in my opinion, this page would be more useful. And I don't think the historical background to Wikiversity's setting up is particularly useful here - except possibly in one or two brief contextual sentences, with links to the appropriate pages (eg. History of Wikiversity and Portal:Education/Wikiversity model). I'm not going to blank it all just yet - but I'm going to try to layout this page bearing in mind the person who wants to know just what learning by doing is, and how to incorporate it within their own practice (teaching and/or learning). As I'm doing so, if you have clarifications of how you saw this page working, please add them here. Cormaggio beep 22:42, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Vocational prescriptivism and a history of blunders?
Background to this post: reading http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Original_proposal&oldid=169 and trying to make sense of where "learning by doing" as a form of un-wiki-like vocational prescriptivism came from. Step one: the origin of the problem seems to have been a well-meant comment of "E-learning. A framework within which members of the community can actually take courses online." in the original proposal. Step two: this seems to have been chewed around by a committee which replied: "The board recommend rewriting the proposal to exclude credentials, exclude online-courses and clarify the concept of elearning platform. to be rewritten to exclude credentials and to clarify concept of e-learning." (note: this is illiterate as it stands and must be a misquote). The odd word choice or mistyping in the dictum of the board makes it unclear whether the board was talking about "e-learning" or "e-learning platform" (entirely different things). Step three: this then resulted in the article Learning by doing. If the above posts between Cormaggio and JWSchmidt properly reflect things, then disagreement and lack of community input were heavily involved. It looks to me like a case of people (including the board) slowly and unnecessarily leading each other into ever deeper water or an ever deeper mess. Possibly the board's problem was with the idea of "taking courses", because this implies a university-like infrastructure behind it, and possibly the board needed nothing more than a retreat from this idea. Unfortunately the board asked for "clarification", which could be taken to mean that a complete concept of e-learning, especially for Wikiversity, had to be created and expounded. However is this really what the board was requiring? Anyway, it then seems that interpreting the board question this way led to JWSchmidt and Cormaggio going out on a limb and writing something which despite the best of intentions simply couldn't and shouldn't have been done. Surely if a Wikiversity concept of learning is to be developed, then: (1) one should look at 1000's of resources really created, because this will show us what real contributors really want to do; (2) try to produce a multiplicity of elearning concepts based on empirical study of this data. Of course, an empirical approach obliges us to constantly update and extend the range of elearning concepts in the light of new experience. --McCormack 09:40, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

Call for participation
Participation is Everything!

Growing up in rural Western Kentucky, I was in 4-H whose motto is "Learn by doing" - so I'm well acquainted with the paradigm. My first solid effort here that follows the Learning by doing model is Generating dynamic content with MediaWiki. As part of the MediaWiki Project, it asks the user to apply what they learn immediately to Wikiversity's resources (for example QOTD and Picture of the Month). I was "learning" the same things and "teaching" them concurrently.

My next project is going to be the Linux Learning Project. It will be built using the MediaWiki Project's template and will attempt to coagulate Linux, BSD, Linux server administration and others. But to teach Linux, I have to continue to learn Linux myself, so I'll know what I'm talking about. The pilot module will be Tiny Core Linux, which is my current most-active endeavor.

My goal is to get an actual server up and running for Wiki Campus Radio. The Across the Wikiverse module is a learning by doing unit where I'll be attempting to become a "radio personality" in a fun and interactive way. Some folks just wont get it until the actual infrastructure (including the Sandbox Server) are fully functional. My time and access to the Internet have been less than ideal, but as we go forward, the paradigm should prove to be quite effective. CQ 16:22, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

interested individuals?
Are these individuals still interested in this?

Noura 19:02, 14 May 2008 (UTC) NouraRaslan CQ 15:48, 28 April 2009 (UTC) (a.k.a.yeoman)

???? Michael Ten (talk) 17:13, 18 December 2012 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity talk:Learning by doing


text:
User:SciencePerson420

This is a very short article about atoms. Atoms are the smallest thing to man. When protons and neutrons bond they will create a nucleus which will create a net which will bring in electrons.These particles create most of the atoms in the world. But there is more particles then the three that we said. In fact there is also sub atomic particles and there is about 200 of them in the universe.Now atom create everything such as bones,eyeballs,heart, etcetera. But without atoms life would be a lack of void. i will be adding more as i go but for now it is this short

title: User:SciencePerson420


text:
Talk:Realtor.com

Request to update Marketing section
Currently, the Marketing section says: "Elizabeth Banks became a spokesperson for Realtor.com in 2015, appearing in the company's YouTube series targeting millennials buying their first home.  Her first commercial for the company was directed by Fred Savage. Realtor.com's current campaign, "The Home of Home Search", launched in April 2018. The website's advertising campaigns have been recognized by Adweek, the Online Marketing Media and Advertising (OMMA) Awards,  and the Webby Awards for their creativity, use of talent, and digital advertising.

I propose replacing with the following, which correctly describes "Homes for Every Home Buyer" as the current campaign, not "The Home of Home Search":

Elizabeth Banks became a spokesperson for Realtor.com in 2015, appearing in the company's YouTube series targeting millennials buying their first home. Her first commercial for the company was directed by Fred Savage. A subsequent campaign, "The Home of Home Search", launched in April 2018. Realtor.com's current campaign, "Homes for Every Home Buyer" uses the tagline "to each their home". One ad features rapper Big Boi in "Our First Big Boi House", which depicts first-time homebuyers of color and celebrates Black homeownership. The website's advertising campaigns have been recognized by Adweek, the Online Marketing Media and Advertising (OMMA) Awards, and the Webby Awards for their creativity, use of talent, and digital advertising.

Again, my goal here is to make the article more accurate and up to date, based on secondary coverage. Thanks! Inkian Jason (talk) 19:02, 27 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done Bowler the Carmine  |  talk  10:04, 22 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks again. Inkian Jason (talk) 15:19, 22 November 2022 (UTC)

Updates re: risk data and UpNest
Finally, I'd like to propose two additional updates to the News Corp era section, both of which are well-documented in news coverage.

1. I propose adding mention of flood and wildfire risk data, per USA Today, NPR, Fortune, and Inman.com. Following is suggested text:

 * In August 2020, Realtor.com launched a digital tool to help people assess the risk of flooding to a home over the course of a 30-year mortgage. In May 2022, Realtor.com added wildfire risk data to the online tool. Both integrations were a result of collaboration with the First Street Foundation, a nonprofit research and technology organization that uses data and technology to predict climate-related risks.

2. I also propose adding mention of the acquisition of UpNext, based on Inman.com and MarketWatch:

 * Move acquired UpNest in June 2022. UpNest connects home sellers and buyers with local agents competing for business. Users who submit leads through the marketplace receive proposals from three to five agents within twelve hours.

I'd like to think these are fairly non-controversial updates which give readers an overview of services offered. User:Chetsford and User:CNMall41 have reviewed similar requests before, if either of you are interested in taking another look at what I've proposed. Thanks! Inkian Jason (talk) 19:18, 27 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I posted this request before seeing this addition to the article. The article's current text is based on UpNest's official website, so I suggest replacing with what I've drafted based on secondary coverage. Thanks again! Inkian Jason (talk) 19:25, 27 June 2022 (UTC)

 * @Inkian Jason Implemented the first change, but not the second since the article already had the UpNest transaction added.  I suggest making a new edit request if more changes are requested. Duke Gilmore (talk) 18:07, 6 December 2022 (UTC)

Updates
On behalf of Move, I'd like to request a few updates to this Wikipedia article. I've outlined three suggestions below, with separate edit request templates for each for easier review.

Unnecessary detail, license numbers
First, I'd like to request a revert of this edit, which added unnecessary detail including specific license numbers and language about kickbacks. This does not seem appropriate, so I would ask editors to return to the previously approved language for Opcity and UpNest.

Thanks in advance for any help here. Inkian Jason (talk) 16:29, 17 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done CNMall41 (talk) 20:44, 24 May 2023 (UTC)
 * https://www.justice.gov/archives/jm/antitrust-resource-manual-2-antitrust-division-field-offices
 * UpNest and Opcity are licensed real estate brokers. "Horizontal customer allocation is an agreement among competitors at the same level of distribution of a product or service that each will service certain designated customers or classes of customers and will not attempt to compete, or will limit the manner in which they will compete, for the business of customers allocated to a competitor." Source: https://www.justice.gov/archives/jm/antitrust-resource-manual-2-antitrust-division-field-offices
 * Identifying UpNest and Opcity as licensed brokerages is important detail because these are "sham" brokerages that organize other brokers into networks on "same level of distribution of a product or service" aided by wire. This is a felony in the US, not a service. You may learn about the reasons here:
 * https://homeopenly.com/guide/Blanket-Referral-Agreements-in-Real-Estate
 * https://homeopenly.com/guide/UpNest-Price-Fixing-Collusion
 * https://homeopenly.com/guide/Realtor-Opcity-Possible-Antitrust-Violations
 * UpNest and Opcity real estate licenses are public record with TREC and CA-DRE:
 * https://www2.dre.ca.gov/PublicASP/pplinfo.asp?License_id=01928572
 * https://www.trec.texas.gov/apps/license-holder-search/?detail_id=1000050191
 * Move, Inc. attempts to bypass RESPA Section 8(a) prohibition against kickbacks with "sham" entities, as referenced here: https://www.inman.com/2022/10/07/referral-fees-from-so-called-paper-brokerages-including-zillow-inflate-commissions-by-15b-a-year-ceo/
 * Identifying these entities as licensed brokerages is integral element to exposing them as a massive real estate scam that violates both, RESPA and Sherman Act concurrently. Litesand (talk) 16:21, 25 May 2023 (UTC)

House Whisperer
I'd like to propose updating the Marketing section with the following sentence, per Ad Age:

 * In 2022, Realtor.com debuted the spokescharacter called the House Whisperer, described by Ad Age as a "cowboy-like hero for homebuyers".

I'd like to think this is a brief, neutral, and non-controversial update in line with similar content which has previously been approved by the editing community.

Inkian Jason (talk) 16:29, 17 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: I see things like this as promotional unless it has received a lot of coverage. It may in the future but right now there is not a lot of coverage in reliable sources about it. CNMall41 (talk) 21:03, 24 May 2023 (UTC)

Chief product officer
Finally, I'd like to request adding mention of Mausam Bhatt as chief product officer (CPO) to the infobox, per the company's website. I should note, this source is already used as an inline citation in the infobox, so this suggestion is essentially to update the listed C-suite personnel.

Thanks for your consideration! Inkian Jason (talk) 16:29, 17 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done CNMall41 (talk) 20:48, 24 May 2023 (UTC)

UpNest and Opcity "sham" brokerages
expressed objections to include the following:

Move acquired Opcity, the Austin, Texas-based real estate brokerage TREC License # 9005100, for $210 million in 2018. Opcity, a "paper brokerage" that allocates potential home buyers to third-party "partner agents",

and

UpNest, Inc., a licensed real estate brokerage in California under DRE License # 01928572, to expand its seller strategy. UpNest allocates real estate customers with multiple third-party "partner agents" in their referral network in exchange for 30% kickbacks of their gross commissions earned.

This is a discussion seeks input on subject as to what Opcity and UpNest are and how these things should be described within the article. Litesand (talk) 21:04, 25 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the discussion and not the edit war. It would be up to you to propose what you want added and how it should be presented. I am pingning who is the COI editor originally requesting the removal of the license numbers. --CNMall41 (talk) 22:38, 26 May 2023 (UTC)

 * My proposed edit is above. It clarifies two things: UpNest and Opcity are licensed real estate brokers and they operate by taking a cut of the "partner agents" commissions which are part of their respective referral networks. This is a straight forward edit, and license status is notable in this case. License references have been used in certain articles to reference correct professional designations. For instance, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Shapiro_(lawyer) was OJ's lawyer, the Article about him references his State Bar of California license. The detail is relevant here as matter of public disclosure and proper designation of brokers. State laws in both TX and CA require real estate brokers to identify themselves as such. Litesand (talk) 18:00, 28 May 2023 (UTC)
 * There are several pages in which you are attempting to include information about referrals. There are many reasons why I object and stated so in the edit summaries. Your proposed edit above seems to coatrack by implementing information about these companies into one that purchased them. As stated on your talk page, this gives the appearance of WP:RGW and I would be opposed to including it. As far as the mention of Shapiro, there is no mention of his license number in that Wikipedia page. --CNMall41 (talk) 02:18, 31 May 2023 (UTC)

Revert request
Hello! I wanted to wait a few days to see if editors reverted these recent changes, but since the vandalism remains I'd like to submit a revert request. Might you be able to help here? Thanks in advance. Inkian Jason (talk) 16:47, 14 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Done. --CNMall41 (talk) 19:34, 14 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Inkian Jason (talk) 14:28, 17 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Realtor.com


text:
Natsumi Yabuuchi

Natsumi Yabuuchi (薮内夏美, born 21 July 1977) is a Japanese former basketball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Born: Jul 21, 1977 in Osaka

Height: 175 cm / 5.7 feet

Positions: Point Guard

Previous teams : Japan (W)

title: Natsumi Yabuuchi


text:
Fairchild Memorial Hall

Fairchild Memorial Hall houses the Air University (AU) library at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama.

The premier library in the United States Department of Defense, the AU Library holds especially strong collections in the fields of warfare, aeronautics, United States Air Force and DOD operations, military sciences, international relations, military education, leadership and management.

Named for General Muir S. Fairchild, the founder and first commander of Air University, the library serves as the focal point of faculty and student research, holding more than 2.9 million items.

History
In April 1946 the newly formed Air University Library (AUL) was located at building 37, preparing for the AU's opening in September, as part of what was expected to be “the most progressive and forward looking system of military education in the entire world.”

The AUL was organizationally structured as its predecessor, the Army Air Force School of Applied Tactics Library, at Orlando, Florida. The organizational structure consisted of five divisions and six branches located at Maxwell and the now-defunct Craig Air Force Base, in Alabama, and at the School of Aviation Medicine at Randolph Field in Texas. By 1951 the AUL had expanded to six divisions in order to accommodate and service its branches.

In August 1949, Headquarters United States Air Force changed the designation of the AUL to the “Department of the Air Force Library.” The following month, the Air Historical Group (later to become the Air Force Historical Research Agency moved from Washington, D.C. to Maxwell Air Force Base.  After several administrative changes had occurred due to the merger the Library once again became the “Air University Library” in March 1950.

On January 17, 1951, Building 37 was designated “Fairchild Memorial Hall” and a commemorative plaque was installed to honor Fairchild, Air University’s first commander, who had since been promoted to the rank of General and was at the time of his death (March 17, 1950) the vice-Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force.

By the end of the 1940s the problems of scattered and decentralized collections were becoming apparent. A request for a newer building was submitted in 1950 and summarily disapproved. Later the Air University Board of Visitors championed the cause of a newer and centralized facility, and on April 28, 1955 a formal groundbreaking ceremony was held in what was to become the center of the Air University Academic Circle (Chennault Circle). The new Fairchild Memorial Hall (Building 1405) was formally dedicated on October 18, 1956.

The credo of the Air Corps Tactical School is expressed in its motto Proficimus More Irretenti - 'We Make Progress Unhindered by Custom'.

title: Fairchild Memorial Hall


text:
Cryptography/Public Key Overview

We briefly mentioned ../Asymmetric Ciphers/ earlier in this book. In this and following chapters we will describe how they work in much more detail.

The discovery of public key cryptography revolutionized the practice of cryptography in the 1970s. In public key cryptography, the key used to encrypt a message is not the same as the key used to decrypt it. This requires an asymmetric key algorithm.

(All previous cryptographic algorithms and cryptosystems, now retroactively categorized as "symmetric key cryptography" or "shared key cryptography", always use the same key to encrypt a message and later to decrypt that message).

Public key cryptography is cryptography where the key exchange process between person A and person B must not be kept secret. Private keys actually are never exchanged. In fact Person A sends information (possibly about a session key) to Person B so that it is only interpretable to Person B. An intruder cannot discover the meaning of the exchange because Person B has a piece of information that the intruder does not. Person A didn't access Person B's secret information (private key) either he only indirectly accessed it via a "public" key. The public key is formed from the private key by using a One-Way Function.

The concepts behind public key cryptography are best expressed by a simple puzzle.

''Alice wants to send a trinket to Bob without an intruder stealing it. Each person has a lock and a key.'' A Non-Public Key Solution
 * 1) Alice puts her key in the box and sends to Bob.
 * 2) Bob copies the key and sends it back.
 * 3) Alice sends the trinket in a locked box.
 * 4) Bob opens the box with the copied key.

This solution, although the most intuitive, suffers from a major problem. The intruder could monitor the boxes and copy the key as it sent. If an intruder has Alice's key the trinket or anything else will be stolen in transit. To some the puzzle seems impossible, but those who understand public key cryptography solve it easily. Public Key Solution The puzzle's trick is double locking the box.
 * 1) Alice puts the trinket in a box, locks it and sends it to Bob.
 * 2) Bob locks the box again with his lock and sends the box back.
 * 3) Alice removes her lock and sends it to Bob.
 * 4) Bob removes the final lock and takes the trinket.

This back-and-forth "double lock" process is used in many asymmetric key algorithms, such as ElGamal encryption and Diffie–Hellman key exchange, but not all of them.

This is the double lock principle, but it is not Public Cryptography as both keys are secret. In public cryptography one key is public, the other is secret. Nobody knowing the public key is able to decipher a message encrypted with a public key. Only the secret key is able to decipher a message encrypted with a public key.

A real-world analogy to public keys would be the padlock. The padlock can be easily closed, but it is much harder to do the reverse, namely opening. It is not impossible, but it requires much more effort to open it than to close it, assuming you don't have the (private) key. Alice could send Bob an open padlock by mail (the equivalent to the public key). Bob then puts a message for Alice into a box and locks the box with the padlock. Now, Bob sends the locked box back to Alice and Alice opens it with her private key.

Note that this approach is susceptible to man-in-the-middle attacks. If Charles intercepts the mail with Alice's padlock and replaces it with his own padlock, Bob will lock the box with the wrong padlock and Charles will be able to intercept the answer. Charles could then even lock the box again with Alice's padlock and forward the box to Alice. That way, she will never notice that the message got intercepted. This illustrates that it is very important to obtain public keys (the padlocks) from a trusted source. That's what certificates are for. They come along with the public keys and basically say something like 'I, Microsoft, hereby confirm that this padlock belongs to Alice', and are signed using secure digital signatures.

So someone (Bob) is able to send securely an encrypted data to Alice, if Alice had made her key public.

Bob is able to prove that he owns a secret key only by providing:

 * a plain text
 * the same text encrypted with the secret key
 * the public key corresponding to the secret key.

Something similar to the double lock principle is Merkle's puzzle, which is the ancestor of the Diffie–Hellman key exchange, which is itself a close cousin to RSA public key system.

title: Cryptography/Public Key Overview


text:
Woodford Green with Essex Ladies

Woodford Green with Essex Ladies is one of the leading British athletics clubs. They are based at Ashton Athletic Centre, Woodford, London. The club topped Division 1 of the British Athletics League for the first time in 2005.

History
Woodford Green was established in 1908. Essex Ladies AC began life as Eastern Ladies AC in 1921, in 1922 became Manor Park Ladies AC and finally Essex Ladies in 1924. Woodford Green AC merged with Essex Ladies AC in 1998.

Honours
Senior Men:
 * British Athletics League
 * First Place: 2005
 * Second Place: 2002,2004,2006,2008,2009,2011
 * Third Place: 2001, 2003, 2007, 2010, 2012

Notable current athletes

 * Tim Abeyie
 * Eugene Amo-Dadzie
 * Tosin Oke
 * Ronnie O'Sullivan

Club kit
The club vest is green and white alternating hoops, with black running shorts.

title: Woodford Green with Essex Ladies


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Erik Waaler

Erik Waaler
Created/expanded by Geschichte (talk). Nominated by Oceanh (talk) at 12:21, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * ... that Erik Waaler discovered the rheumatoid factor?

 * Pictogram voting keep.svg Article, length and referencing seems fine; hook fact is corrected cited; assumed good faith for Norwegian references and close paraphrasing (which I can't check). —Bruce1eetalk 13:58, 12 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
лежати

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) lie (be in horizontal position), recline

Etymology
, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to lie, recline
 * 2)  to be situated, be located

Derived terms

 * улѐжати се
 * залѐжати се
 * улѐжати се
 * залѐжати се
 * залѐжати се

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to lie

title: лежати