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Talk:David Stagg

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title: Talk:David Stagg


text:
Programming Logic

So you've read through the Introduction to Programming, and you understand the basics of programming, but before you jump into the depths of learning various language syntax rules, there are even more basics that apply to every programming and scripting language. If program code is nothing more than a set of instructions, how does the computer make decisions? A large portion of computer code is contained within logical or conditional statements, and are only executed when certain situations arise.

Required

 * Introduction to Programming

Recommended

 * Introduction to Math for computer programming

Focus
This course is intended to thoroughly teach the principles of programming logic and procedural coding while reinforcing lessons learned in Introduction to Programming while avoiding the complications of any particular syntax. For this reason, the lessons will contain only pseudocode with occasional mathematical calculations.

Lessons

 * /Key Terms/
 * /Variables/
 * /Conditionals and Logic/
 * /Looping/
 * /Code Organization Techniques/

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Programming Logic


text:
Dimitris Voyatzis

Dimitris Voyatzis (Δημήτρης Βογιατζής), born Dimitrios Voyatzis, was a Greek film director, actor, producer, editor, a screenwriter and a folk musician.

His films
His films include: Hobby mou... o Viasmos (My hobbies include... Rape), O Skyllas (The Dog-man), I Lires tou Antarti (The Guerrilla's bullions) (Italics indicate a romanization of the Greek title, while parentheses indicate a literal translation into English).

They were shot with very low production values, somewhat ineptly and were intended for public screening in cafés of cities and towns of northern Greece that belonged to friends of his. His films' leads were always characters characteristically flawed, marginalized, criminals, ostracised by the law, yet striving for ideals such as atonemenent, redemption, or love. Or, predators, monsters bent on revenge on Hoi polloi, out to satisfy their most base desires. People who lived in the worst of conditions, in sleaze and decaying urban hubs, under suspicion and distrust, who faced horrible, powerful villains, the threat of the often corrupt police. Ex convicts, rapists, smugglers, they were very close to the definition of an anti-hero, offbeat heroes covered in filth with whom the viewer easily sympathized, facing abhorrent enemies, or worse, themselves; it can be argued that, perhaps unintentionally, his plots, motifs and characters bear a strong resemblance to those found in works of transgressive fiction.

In two out of his three (O Skyllas & Hobby mou...) directed feature films, he co-starred with the Greek cult actor Kostas Stefanakis.

Since his films were not released for the video market, they have always been difficult to track. His films were later released through the Greek video label Onar films.

His life
According to his close associate Tasos Aggelopoulos, he wasn't working; his income and funds for his films came from his wealthy family. As a folk musician, he played with bands in fairs around Greece. He never married, nor had children. This information, however, does not seem credible, as Dimitri Voyatzis' son, George Voyiatzis, appears on his film, "O Skyllas" and also on the title of his film company.

Lary-Skot productions
With Mr. Aggelopoulos, they founded the film company Lary-Skot productions (a.k.a. Larry Scott video production, a reference to the American bodybuilder Larry Scott) and through it produced and "released" his films. Other productions of Lary-Skot productions include the film O Fotografos kai ta manoulia tou (The photographer and his babes) and O Videoclubas (The Video rental Guy). Lary-Skot productions was located in Pagrati, in Athens, Greece. After his death, the company passed to Mr. Aggelopoulos, a wedding videographer at the time of the film productions and currently an electrician, who worked with Mr. Voyatzis as a cinematographer, a co-director, a gaffer and a boom operator. Mr. Aggelopoulos considers Voyatzis's films garbage and admits that he has lost any negatives and film copies of the Lary-Skot films.

A Dimitris Voyatzis renaissance
While it has been several years since Mr. Voyatzis's death, due to screenings in Greek cult film festivals, his films started reaching new audiences and have become more popular than ever.

title: Dimitris Voyatzis


text:
Statistics/Introduction/Need To Know

Statistics is a diverse subject and thus the mathematics that are required depend on the kind of statistics we are studying. A strong background in linear algebra is needed for most multivariate statistics, but is not necessary for introductory statistics. A background in Calculus is useful no matter what branch of statistics is being studied.

At a bare minimum the student should have a grasp of basic concepts taught in Algebra and be comfortable with "moving things around" and solving for an unknown. Most of the statistics here will derive from a few basic things that the reader should become acquainted with.

Absolute Value
$$|x| \equiv \begin{cases} x, & x \ge 0 \\ -x, & x < 0 \end{cases}$$

If the number is zero or positive, then the absolute value of the number is simply the same number. If the number is negative, then take away the negative sign to get the absolute value.

Examples

 * 42| = 42
 * -5| = 5
 * 2.21| = 2.21

Factorials
A factorial is a calculation that gets used a lot in probability. It is defined only for integers greater-than-or-equal-to zero as:

$$ n! \equiv \begin{cases} n \cdot (n-1)!, & n \ge 1 \\ 1, & n = 0 \end{cases} $$

Examples
In short, this means that:

Summation
The summation (also known as a series) is used more than almost any other technique in statistics. It is a method of representing addition over lots of values without putting + after +. We represent summation using a big uppercase sigma: ∑.

Examples
Very often in statistics we will sum a list of related variables:

$$	\sum_{i=0}^n x_i = x_0 + x_1 + x_2 + \cdots + x_n $$

Here we are adding all the x variables (which will hopefully all have values by the time we calculate this). The expression below the ∑ (i=0, in this case) represents the index variable and what its starting value is (i with a starting value of 0) while the number above the ∑ represents the number that the variable will increment to (stepping by 1, so i = 0, 1, 2, 3, and then 4). Another example:

$$ \sum_{i=1}^4 2i = 2(1) + 2(2) + 2(3) + 2(4) = 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 = 20 $$

Notice that we would get the same value by moving the 2 outside of the summation (perform the summation and then multiply by 2, rather than multiplying each component of the summation by 2).

Infinite series
There is no reason, of course, that a series has to count on any determined, or even finite value—it can keep going without end. These series are called "infinite series" and sometimes they can even converge to a finite value, eventually becoming equal to that value as the number of items in your series approaches infinity (∞).

Examples
This example is the famous geometric series. Note both that the series goes to ∞ (infinity, that means it does not stop) and that it is only valid for certain values of the variable r. This means that if r is between the values of -1 and 1 (-1 < r < 1) then the summation will get closer to (i.e., converge on) 1 / 1-r the further you take the series out.

Linear Approximation
Let us say that you are looking at a table of values, such as the one above. You want to approximate (get a good estimate of) the values at 63, but you do not have those values on your table. A good solution here is use a linear approximation to get a value which is probably close to the one that you really want, without having to go through all of the trouble of calculating the extra step in the table.

$$ f\left(x_i\right) \approx \frac{f\left(x_{\lceil i \rceil}\right) - f\left(x_{\lfloor i \rfloor}\right)}{x_{\lceil i \rceil} - x_{\lfloor i \rfloor}} \cdot \left(x_i - x_{\lfloor i \rfloor}\right) + f\left(x_{\lfloor i \rfloor}\right) $$

This is just the equation for a line applied to the table of data. xi represents the data point you want to know about, $$x_{\lfloor i \rfloor}$$ is the known data point beneath the one you want to know about, and $$x_{\lceil i \rceil}$$ is the known data point above the one you want to know about.

Examples
Find the value at 63 for the 0.05 column, using the values on the table above.

First we confirm on the above table that we need to approximate the value. If we know it exactly, then there really is no need to approximate it. As it stands this is going to rest on the table somewhere between 60 and 70. Everything else we can get from the table:

$$ f(63) \approx \frac{f(70) - f(60)}{70 - 60} \cdot (63 - 60) + f(60) = \frac{1.66691  - 1.67065}{10} \cdot 3 + 1.67065 = 1.669528 $$

Using software, we calculate the actual value of f(63) to be 1.669402, a difference of around 0.00013. Close enough for our purposes.

title: Statistics/Introduction/Need To Know


text:
User:Highdrogen/sandbox

Article Evaluation for "Substance P"
The article stays focused for the most part. Perhaps the only notable deviation from topic occurs when the discovery of substance K is also mentioned. Additionally, the article is quite detailed while remaining neutral and unbiased. The sources accurately line up with the claims made in the article and seem to be from reputable, peer-reviewed journals. The article may be improved by selecting more recent sources as opposed to primarily using sources from the 1900s and early 2000s.

title: User:Highdrogen/sandbox


text:
Lorne Valley

Lorne Valley was a municipality that held community status in Prince Edward Island, Canada. It was incorporated in 1978. On September 28, 2018, it was combined with six other municipalities to create the town of Three Rivers.

title: Lorne Valley


text:
rediscovery

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The act of rediscovering.
 * 2) A second or subsequent discovery of the same thing.
 * 1) A second or subsequent discovery of the same thing.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * German:
 * Irish: athaimsiú
 * Italian: riscoperta
 * Japanese:
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish:

title: rediscovery


text:
sordina

Etymology
Diminutive of, feminine of.

Noun

 * 1) sordine

Etymology
Probably a borrowing from.

Noun

 * 1)  mute; muffler

title: sordina


text:
Template:ABCDE

This template creates a test question with five choices and answers. The choices will automatically be bolded, but the answers will not be.

Usage

which produces:

Example:Arithmetic quiz (3 questions)
Continue to Part 2

title: Template:ABCDE


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Beatriz Romilly/archive1

Beatriz Romilly
I've listed this article for peer review because whilst I have listed the subject's career and a brief overview, I feel it might require some further input from editors more experienced in writing articles about actors.

Thanks, Osarius - Want a chat? 11:02, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

First, the strong points. The article's well structured and "well-cited", in the sense of having a decent number of citations. The absence of a photo is a pity. But the key problem's already been identified in the tag - there are nowhere near enough reliable secondary sources used to indicate that Ms Romilly warrants an article. To elaborate:
 * Source 1 is her own, self-published cv;
 * Sources 2 and 3 are commercial, promotional, casting websites;

I really don't think these meet the criteria for reliable secondary sources.
 * Source 5 is the Globe advertisement for the show and does nothing but list Ms Romilly as a cast member;
 * Which leaves Source 4, the Guardian review. This describes Ms Romilly's performance as "feisty" and "peppery". It's exactly what you need, but it is the only cite, amongst about 57, that, I would suggest, meets the criteria for reliability and notability.

In a nutshell, there's not nearly enough to justify an article on the grounds of notability. If you can find more like Source 4, then throw them in. But a quick Google search suggests that will be a struggle. In which case, I just don't think the article is warranted. Can I ask why you think that it is? KJP1 (talk) 21:34, 2 November 2017 (UTC)

Comments from dnllnd
I agree with. The page lacks reliable secondary sources, relying too heavily on Romilly's CV and third-party aggregate sites. The page would benefit from better sources and, if possible, more biographical information. Possible areas of interest that would align with biographies of living persons guidelines might be family history, upbringing or training. I did a quick Google search and didn't hit on anything promising, but I wonder if there may be more substantive coverage in Spanish media that could be used in keeping with WP:NOENG?--Dnllnd (talk) 00:39, 30 December 2017 (UTC)


text:
Wikiversity:Cite sources

A citation, or reference, uniquely identifies a source of information:

Citations are used to identify the reliable sources on which an article is based. Citations indicated by a superscript number or other means in a line of text are called inline citations.

Citing the sources of information added to Wikiversity pages is mandated by Verifiability. Any information on a page that is challenged and has no reliable sources may be removed to the corresponding talk page for discussion.

Attribution is especially needed for direct quotes, information that is contentious or likely to be challenged, and superlatives and absolutes (such as statements that something is the best, first or only one of its kind). If you don't know how to format the citation, others will fix it for you; simply provide the source information as plain text.

Why sources should be cited

 * To ensure that the content of articles is credible and can be checked by any reader or editor.
 * To help users find additional reliable information on the topic.
 * To improve the overall credibility and authoritative character of Wikiversity.
 * To reduce the likelihood of editorial disputes, or to help resolve any that arise.
 * To credit a source for providing useful information and to avoid claims of plagiarism.

When to cite sources
If you add any new information to a Wikiversity page in the main namespace, particularly if it's contentious or likely to be challenged, you should supply a source.

In general, even if you are writing from memory, you should actively search for authoritative references to cite. If you are writing from your own knowledge, then you should know enough to identify good references that the reader can consult on the subject — you will not be around forever to answer questions. The main point is to help the reader and other editors.

The need for citations is especially important when writing about opinions held on a particular issue. Find a specific person or group who holds that opinion, mention them by name, and give a citation to a reputable publication in which they express that opinion. Remember that many Wikiversity pages follow rules for limiting bias. Those pages are not a place for expressing your own opinions. For Wikiversity pages that mainly explore only one point of view, intellectual honesty must guide the efforts of editors. Good scholarship is the goal of Wikiversity and it calls for careful citation of only verifiable sources and an honest effort to find reliable sources.

Because this is the English Wikiversity, English-language sources should be given whenever possible, and should always be used in preference to other language sources of equal calibre. However, do give references in other languages where appropriate. If quoting from a different language source, an English translation should be given with the original-language quote beside it.

When you quote someone
You should always add a citation when quoting published material, and the citation should be placed directly after the quote, which should be enclosed within double quotation marks — "like this" — or single quotation marks if it's a quote-within-a-quote — "and here is such a 'quote' as an example".

You can add sources even for material you didn't write if you use a source to verify that material. Adding citations to an article is an excellent way to contribute to Wikiversity.

Text that is, or is likely to be, disputed
Think ahead. Try to imagine whether people might doubt what you wrote, or need more information about it. Supporting what is written in Wikiversity by referring to a clear and reliable source will add stability to your contribution. When in doubt about whether something might be disputed, provide a specific citation.

Intermediate sources: State where you got it
A common error is to copy citation information from an intermediate source without acknowledging it. For example, you might find some information on a web page which says it comes from a certain book. Unless you look at the book yourself to check that the information is there, your reference is really the web page and the web page must be mentioned. The web page itself must therefore be a reliable source. You shouldn't cite only the book unless you looked at it yourself.

What sources to cite
Prefer credible, peer-reviewed English-language sources.

Edit toolbar buttons for citations
The edit toolbar has a button that helps you get started inserting a citation. There is another button to help start a reference list on a page. For help with adding a numbered reference list to a Wikiversity page, see Wikipedia:Footnotes. If your reference list looks odd, go to the small window of your browser that shows the URL of the page and add ?action=purge after the article name. Hit return.

Each page should use the same citation method throughout; if an article already has citations, adopt the method in use or seek consensus on the talk page before changing it. While you should try to write citations correctly, what matters most is that you provide enough information to identify the source. Others will improve the formatting if needed.

title: Wikiversity:Cite sources


text:
Social caterpillars

The collective behaviors of social caterpillars falls into five general categories: collective and cooperative foraging, group defense against predators and parasitoids, shelter building, thermoregulation and substrate silking to enhance steadfastness.

The most behaviorally sophisticated of the insect societies are found among the ants, termites, bees, and wasps. While these insects are technically classified as eusocial insects they are commonly referred to simply as the social insects. In this scheme of classification, other non-eusocial, gregarious species of insects are referred to as presocial, subsocial, quasisocial, or in some other manner that has the unfortunate consequence of suggesting that are not quite social. Yet a significant number of insect species that do not possess the defining criteria of eusociality are by any other standard of classification clearly social and it is in this sense of the term, that employed by zoologists in general, that larval aggregates of moths, butterflies and sawflies are considered social insects.

The sibling societies of caterpillars exhibit collective behaviors that vary from simple interactions to more complex forms of cooperation.

Collective and cooperative foraging
Social caterpillars exhibit three basic foraging patterns. Patch-restricted foragers obtain all of the food required during the social phase of their larval development from the leaves found in a single contiguous patch or from several such closely spaced patches. The foraging arena is typically well defined by a protective silk envelope or by leaves bound together. On large trees, patches usually consist of the leaves found on a part of a branch, an entire branch, or on several closely situated branches. But on small trees and herbaceous plants the entire host may eventually be enveloped. Although there have been no surveys to determine the proportion of social caterpillars that exhibit each of these foraging patterns, patch-restricted foraging is probably the most common and also the least complex. Well known examples of patch restricted foragers include the Euonymus caterpillar, Yponomeuta cagnagella and the ugly nest caterpillar, Archips cerasivoranus. The fall webworm Hyphantria cunea, is a patch restricted forager during the initial stages of its development.

Nomadic foragers establish only temporary resting sites and make frequent moves from one patch to another. The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria and the spiny elm caterpillar, Nymphalis antiopa are nomadic foragers.

Central-place foragers construct a permanent or semi-permanent shelter from which they launch intermittent forays to distant sites in search of food. Between bouts of feeding the caterpillars rest at the shelter. The best known of the social caterpillars that are central place foragers include the tent caterpillars other than M. disstria, and the processionary caterpillars of Europe (Thaumetopoea) and Australia (Ochrogaster), and the Madrone caterpillars of Mexico.

The most sophisticated form of cooperative foraging exhibited by caterpillars is recruitment communication in which caterpillars recruit siblings to their trails and to their food-finds by marking pathways with pheromones much in the manner of ants and termites. The most sophisticated examples of recruitment communication have been described from the tent caterpillars (Malacosoma). Eastern tent caterpillars (M. americanum), for example, utilize a trail-based system of elective recruitment communication that enables the colonies to exploit the most profitable feeding sites.

Group defense against predators and parasitoids
Aggregation allows caterpillars to collectively defend themselves against the attacks of predators and parasitoids. Such defense may be passive or active. Passive modes of collective defense involve dilution effects since the mathematical probability that any one individual will be randomly singled out by a predator decreases with group size. Individuals also gain protection from predators by surrounding themselves with others.

Shelters collectively built by caterpillars play an important role in antipredator defense. The tough silk shell of the nest formed by a colony of E. socialis caterpillars is virtually impregnable to both birds and invertebrate predators. Like many other shelter builders, the resident caterpillars venture from the nest only under the cover of darkness when birds and predatory wasps are inactive. Bound-leaf shelters, and the more loosely spun shelters of the tent caterpillars and the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, cannot exclude predators completely but all are likely to be deterred to some degree, providing the residents with greater protection than they would enjoy resting in the open.

It is generally thought that aposematic coloration is most effective in deterring predators when insects group together. Indeed, the most common mode of active defense among social caterpillars is aposematic display, often combined with synchronous body rearing, flicking, and “en masse” regurgitation of toxic or unpalatable chemicals. Studies indicate that the spread of alarm through colonies of social caterpillars is mediated largely by tactile and, possibly, visual cues. Caterpillars can detect the airborne sounds generated by the beating wings of flying wasps and flies and respond with rapidly jerking movements. Vibrational signals set up by the agitated caterpillars and propagated by the communal web would appear the most likely means of alerting the colony to danger.

Shelter building
The preeminent silk-spinners are the lepidopterous caterpillars. Caterpillars spin silk prolifically and in comparison to other non-eusocial insects build large and relatively complex structures from the material. Moreover, they are the only insects outside of the Hymenoptera and Isoptera to exhibit true collective building behavior involving colony-wide synchronization of activity and periodic shelter expansion. Some social caterpillars such as Brassolis isthmia and Archips cervasivoranus employ silk to draw the leaves of their host plants into tightly bound shelters in which they rest between foraging bouts. But the most impressive structures collectively built by caterpillars, such as the remarkable bolsa of the social pierid Eucheira socialis and the tents of the lasiocampid caterpillars, are made exclusively of silk. The communal shelters of caterpillars are multifunctional, serving to facilitate basking and thermoregulation, molting, and antipredator defense. They may also serve as communication centers where hungry caterpillars are recruited to food finds. Little is known of the behavioral mechanisms that give rise to the architecturally distinct, collectively built shelters of caterpillars.

Unlike the complex, free-form structures of the eusocial insects, the ultimate shape that the nests of caterpillars take is determined to no small extent by exogenous factors. While colonies may actively select sites prior to the construction of a shelter, or abandon a site that proves inadequate after the shelter-building process has begun, all collectively built caterpillar shelters are formed either by pulling together plant parts or by spinning silk about a framework of branches and leaves. Studies suggest that subtle differences in the intrinsic properties of the silks of caterpillars, or the way they are spun, may be more important than overt differences in larval motor patterns in accounting for interspecific differences in the form of the web-nest.

Thermoregulation
Many social caterpillars are heliotherms, that is, they elevate their temperature by basking in the sun. Such basking behavior is markedly enhanced by the presence of siblings. Caterpillars that feed at times of the year when air temperatures are low are particularly likely to benefit from aggregative basking. The spring feeding larvae of the nymphalid butterfly Euphydryas aurinia, a non-shelter building species, bask “en masse” in the open, packing their bodies tightly together to minimize convective heat loss. Under high levels of solar radiation on cold days, gregariousness and the darkness of their cuticle enables the larvae to gain temperature excesses (Tbody − Tambient) as great as 30 °C. The construction of shelters that trap the heat of the sun enables social species to gain even more control over their body temperature. The extensive shelters of the tent caterpillars (Malacosoma) provide a surface large enough to enable the colony to bask “en masse” and the caterpillars oriented their nests to take full advantage of the sun.

The silk walls of the structures are dense enough to serve as barriers to convective heat loss, allowing them to function as miniature glasshouses. When the tents of M. americanum are shielded from the sun the caterpillars are unable to raise their body temperature above the cool ambient temperatures that prevail in the spring and they fail to grow. When tents are exposed to sunlight, their layered structure creates a thermally heterogeneous microhabitat within which the caterpillars can thermoregulate by moving from compartment to compartment. In addition, studies show that caterpillars basking side-by-side in groups on the surface of the tent are able to achieve significantly higher body temperatures, due to boundary layer effects and convective shielding, than solitary caterpillars basking in the open on nearby branches. This behavior is demonstrated by the gregarious caterpillars of Eriogaster lanestris, the small eggar moth.

In the absence of a radiant heat source, the body temperature of aggregated social caterpillars may be several degrees Celsius above ambient temperature. This phenomenon was first reported in 1938 in Vanessa caterpillars. Subsequently, other studies showed that the shelter of the pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa rose 2 to 3 °C when occupied by the caterpillars and cooled down when they left the structure to feed. Studies of the social caterpillars of E. lanestris showed that the internal temperature of the nest exceed ambient temperature by as much as 6.7 °C, though the average temperature gains of 2 to 3 °C were in line with those reported for other species. These thermal gains reported for these species appear attributable to the trapping of the metabolic heat generated by the caterpillars as they process food.

Substrate silking to facilitate steadfastness
Caterpillars spin copious quantities of silk as they move over the branches of their host plants. The silk of some species contains a pheromone which channels the movement of the colony as they move from place to place. In other species, a trail pheromone is secreted independently of the silk. In either case, a primary function of the silk appears to be that of enhancing steadfastness as the caterpillars move over the smooth surfaces of the host plant

title: Social caterpillars


text:
Talk:Dick Kazmaier

Assessment comment
Substituted at 13:23, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 09:43, 23 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Dick Kazmaier Jr. Statue.jpg

title: Talk:Dick Kazmaier


text:
User:Thelastjd/sandbox

Jd delos Santos (born John Danielle Delos Santos) is a Filipino podcaster, blogger, video game streamer. He is best known for his podcast Jd Staying Off the Cigs (available on Spotify) which documents his journey about his nicotine withdrawal.

title: User:Thelastjd/sandbox


text:
Sadabad, Nishapur

Sadabad (, also Romanized as Sa‘dābād; also known as Sa‘adābād) is a village in Fazl Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 404, in 124 families.

title: Sadabad, Nishapur


text:
1951 Kansas Jayhawks football team

The 1951 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Seven Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Jules V. Sikes, the Jayhawks compiled an 8–2 record (4–2 against conference opponents), finished third in the Big Seven Conference, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 316 to 208. The team was ranked at No. 38 in the 1951 Litkenhous Ratings.

The team's statistical leaders included Bob Brandeberry with 649 rushing yards, Bud Laughlin with 78 points scored, and Jerry Robertson with 925 passing yards. Aubrey Linville and Bill Schaake were the team captains.

They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.

Game summaries
Iowa State

Thanks to powerful running attack, the Iowa State Cyclone where able to take a 26-7 lead midway into second quarter. A long touchdown at the end of the half, kept Kansas in the game, trailing 26-21. Kansas defense stiffened up in the second half and only allowed a single touch down while the offense scored 32 points. This was the highest scoring game in the series up to that point.

title: 1951 Kansas Jayhawks football team


text:
Talk:Linux Guide/Archive 1

Freezes
I edited the freezes pages a lot to make it better

Criticism - Kernel Guide or System Guide
It is of course rather strange to want to make a book about a kernel that contains "installation" and "for users". It probably comes from what makes people somehow unable to grasp that the huge vague collection of entities that they are trying to call by name does not have one.

The Book of Linux would be about a kernel, Book of GNU would be about a project, vision and a sort of a toolkit, Book of Debian would be about an organization, a view, a software distribution and the policy that looms over them, Book of Redhat would be about a company and its product family etc. Trying to cram fragments of each and more under a single umberella will most likely not result in anything very good. Better than nothing, perhaps, but possibly something damaging. --Blades 23:06, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Hardly. Linux is commonly used to refer to Linux systems, i.e. computing environments based on the Linux kernel. Not that difficult to understand, or that new a concept. And certainly a book about Linux would be useful, as essentially everything one would write in it would apply to all distros, as well as other UNIXes. Have you been to a bookstore recently? You'll find plenty of titles on "Linux," and very very few of them are about a kernel. Maybe you should take up your point with all the world's publishers, or every Linux user — I don't think you'll change many minds.

 * Of course, I think this Wikibook needs reorganizing, but your essential point is nonsense.
 * --Daniel 09:58, 11 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Of course there are. And people doing things in a stupid or false way does not make those ways any bit less stupid or wrong. My last sentence, quite especially is the essential point. I repeat: Trying to cram fragments of each and more under a single umberella will most likely not result in anything very good. Better than nothing, perhaps, but possibly something damaging.

 * Book of Unix and GNU environments would make sense, though, and there should be a good one. Something like an old Altos SysV manual I have that explains what a user will experience, needs to understand, and will be able to do with a ready Unix system. It describes logins, files, file system, services available and the main tools, editors and finally sh, awk, and sed. These would have much in common in Unix and GNU systems. It would be both correct and very useful.

 * Of course there is also the slightly better aimed term of "Linux distribution" which is also covers a staggering variety of wildly different concepts and units. Still, the essential point above remains.

 * This is of course merely an informed opinion and not a mandate or complaint or anything such. Here appears to be a chance to do either something correct or something incorrect. By all means do create more incorrect books and justify it with following market lemmings. Many people will quite possibly be happy about it. Other could not care less. Some people will meet both the possible good and the possible bad results of people using this text.

 * I just believe this point did need to be brought up, so I did. --Blades 12:06, 11 May 2004 (UTC)

 * The core Linux developers, active for well over a decade, have always used "Linux" as it is commonly used by book publishers today. They do not subscribe to the political nonsense being forced down our throats by Richard Stallman via his bloated uname and autoconf tools. It is tradtional for the kernel name and operating system name to be one and the same. This situation is not unusual in the English language. AlbertCahalan 03:39, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * While I must concur with Blades, I think that most "Linux" users know the signficance and distinction between the output of `uname -o` and `uname -s`. Frankly, I think this book (at least in its current form) serves to benefit beginning users or those considering GNU/Linux, who likely are only aware of "Linux".  I'd make a comment about this in the article, but I'd retain the title given the name recognition.

 * Lastly, given a target audience of beginning users or those still in consideration, the multifaceted nature of the current page is acceptable; however it should be noted that this is a mere generalized introduction targeted to those users. The article in its current form is hardly a "compendium", but that may be rectified with time.
 * --Eibwen 18:20, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Note that "uname -o" was created to push Richard Stallman's political ideas. It serves no other purpose. It is not part of any standard. The latest UNIX and POSIX standard (IEEE, Open Group, and ISO) has "uname -s" though, which is required to report "the name of the implementation of the operating system". So, let there be no doubt, "Linux" is "the name of the implementation of the operating system". AlbertCahalan 03:39, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * More than a year later, Wikibooks has books about Linux system installation (Installing Linux) and new users (Linux For Newbies), but not much for the kernel (Updating the Linux kernel, Guide to UNIX/Linux). Some other stuff about the Linux and GNU environments is in Guide to UNIX. --Kernigh 01:34, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Of course not. The kernel is a fast-moving target that is documented already in the source itself, in the Documentation directory included with the source, in BitKeeper and git change log entries, and in release announcement emails. Mailing lists, searchable via Google, fill in the rest. No wikibooks project could ever hope to keep up with the kernel as it changes. AlbertCahalan 03:39, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * GNU is an operating system and not a project, vision or a sort of a toolkit as Blades assumes. --Mms 11:58, 14 August 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned Wikibook module
The following is an orphaned Wikibook module that appears to belong with this Wikibook. Please place it where it would be appropriate, and rename:

 * File Compression

 * Because Linux Guide was not using it, I decided that File Compression is an appropriate submodule for the Guide to UNIX, specifically the Guide to UNIX commands. Kernigh 21:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Guide to Unix
What's the point of having this when there's the Guide to Unix?

Is it any good?
Hi there i am just wondering what is linux like i have never actually used linux before i am just wondering is it good or not because like i say i have never actually used the system before????? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (discuss • contribs) 2008-01-30T17:08:49

 * Perhaps you should have a read of this book: A Neutral Look at Operating Systems. Or simply download a couple of the more popular Live CDs and try Linux for yourself - a Live CD doesn't need to be installed, so it won't affect your existing computer system. Webaware talk 07:17, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Virtualization is another option. It is basically running an operating system inside another. Vmware's products, Virtualbox, Xen, Qemu are all examples of software that does this. Slightly more technical, though. Searching Wikibooks, Wikipedia, and Google will provide useful info.--Jats (talk) 03:12, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
 * 'Is it any good?' well, for what? It probably isn't going to help you get a tire changed on the side of a mountain. Cordon Bleu isn't very good as rocket fuel either. I know people who won't run Linux anywhere that they are aware of, and others who won't run anything but Linux anywhere they can. If you're looking for a computer operating system that supports a wide variety of hardware, though possibly not everything in your current computer, then Linux is pretty good. If you're looking for something else, then you probably want to look somewhere else as well. I'm personally quite happy to use Linux for most of my computing needs. But that's me. Where your needs differ, Linux may not be a good match. Try, take a look at the things that are available, that perhaps you never even considered using your computer for, look through the equivalences pages and who knows you might find yourself happy with it. If you don't, most of us are OK with that too.--Rusty

title: Talk:Linux Guide/Archive 1


text:
Alpen Privatbank

Alpen Privatbank is a private bank in western Austria. It operates in Riezlern (headquarter), Innsbruck, Salzburg, Düsseldorf and Stuttgart. Its clients are primarily high net worth individuals from Tyrol, Salzburg, northern Italy, Bavaria, North Rhine-Westphalia and Baden-Württemberg. The customer volumes under management amount to approximately € 2.7 billion.

History
Alpen Privatbank emerged in 2022 from the merger of AlpenBank (founded in 1983 as Save-Rössler-Bank AG, renamed AlpenBank in 1991 and majority shareholding acquired by Raiffeisen-Landesbank Tirol AG in 1998) with the private banking unit of Walser Raiffeisen Bank (founded in 1894 as a cooperative "Spar- und Darlehenskassenverein)."

Structure
The main shareholders of Alpen Privatbank are Walser Raiffeisen Holding eGen (71%), Raiffeisen Landesbank Südtirol AG (16.5%) and Raiffeisen Landesbank Tirol AG (12.5%).

Services and support
Alpen Privatbank specialises in sophisticated wealth management and investment advice for private investors and entrepreneurs. The core business of Alpen Privatbank is traditional private banking without collisions of interest through issuing transactions or investment banking. Alpen Privatbank is not a universal bank, does not manage classic current accounts and is only active in the Lombard lending in the credit sector. In addition, Alpen Privatbank regularly publishes on current topics (perspectives, in-house opinion) and is present with lectures and events on financial topics.

title: Alpen Privatbank


text:
Wat Wang Wiwekaram

Wat Wang Wiwekaram (วัดวังก์วิเวการาม, ; ဘာဝင်္ကဝိဝေကာရာမ), or Wat Luang Pho Uttama (วัดหลวงพ่ออุตตมะ; ဘာကျာ်ဇၞော်အ္စာတၠဥတ္တမ), is a temple at Ban Wang Kalang. It was originally built in 1953 by Luang Pho Uttma with the help of a local immigrant population of Karen and Mon peoples. It is located in Sangkhlaburi District, Kanchanaburi, near the Thai-Burma border, 220 kilometers from Muang Kanchanaburi District.

It consisted only of a cloister and pavilion, and the villagers generally called it Luang Por Uttama Temple. It was located on a high hill in the Sam Phrai area, near three rivers, the Songkhaliar, the Beak, and the Rantee. In 1962 the Department of Religious Affairs authorized Wat Wang Wiwekaram, which is based on the district's original name, "Wang Ka."

The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand built Khao Laem (or Vajiralongkorn) Dam in 1984. The water behind the dam threatened to flood the district, including the Mon village located there. Therefore, the temple was moved to a hill named Luang Pho Uttama, and 30 m2 of land per family was allocated to the villagers. The village has approximately 1,000 rai and the same number of residents who grow vegetables, fish, or work at a garment factory not far from the village.

The new Wat Wang Wiwekaram was completed in 1985, with built-in Mon and Thai architectural styles. Luang Por Uttama's body is kept there in a glass coffin. The sermon hall is a two-story concrete building; the ground floor is used for various merit-earning events. The upper floor is a museum that houses palm scriptures, ancient Mon scripts, images of the Buddha, ash statues, and various utensils.

The old temple site is now underwater and has become a tourist attraction known as Sangkhlaburi Underwater Temple.

title: Wat Wang Wiwekaram


text:
amerikanada

Noun

 * 1) stereotypical low-quality movie or TV-series with happy ending and other elements of mass Hollywood production
 * 2) soud and intrusive propaganda or a commercial for a certain product or in a elections campaign

title: amerikanada


text:
Talk:Sheldon Glashow

Untitled
"He was rejected for admission to graduate school at Princeton University, a fact which has led to a lifelong dislike of the institution."

Any references please. I checked the links at the end and didn't even find the word Princeton in any of them.

cvalente

He discussed this in his 1989 autobiography "Interactions". --GaeusOctavius 16:42, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

Please add the information and reference to the article for completion. Thank you cvalente

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Still alive
Glashow signed a joint letter in 2023. jlwoodwa (talk) 19:28, 22 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sheldon Glashow


text:
User:TonnieBraize

Tonnie Braize of Ugandan descent is born and raised from the southwestern district of Kanungu as Magezi Tonny. He studied primary at Kihihi progressive school and secondary school at kigezi high school in Kabale. He is currently pursuing a bachelors degree in accounting and finance at Kyambogo university. He is the son of a head teacher Mr nyesiga emmy and his wife Tumubweine Emily.

title: User:TonnieBraize


text:
benigno

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) benign
 * 2) kindly
 * 3)  benign

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) benign kind, gentle, mild
 * 2)  benign not posing any serious threat to health
 * 1)  benign not posing any serious threat to health

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) benignly

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) benign

title: benigno


text:
Walker Fearn

John Williams Walker Fearn (January 13, 1832 – April 7, 1899) was an American diplomat.

Early life
Fearn, born in Huntsville, Alabama, was an 1851 graduate of Yale University. He was the nephew of LeRoy Pope Walker, the first Secretary of War of the Confederacy.

Following Yale University, Fearn continued to study law and was admitted to the Mobile bar in 1853.

Career
He spent most of the 1850s on the staffs of the American embassies in Belgium and Mexico, then joined the Confederate diplomatic corps when the Civil War broke out in 1861. While in Europe, he attended the lectures of the College de France in Paris. After serving on unsuccessful missions to Spain, France, Russia, and Mexico, Fearn moved to New Orleans when the war was over to practice law.

From 1885 to 1889, Fearn served as the American minister to Serbia, Romania, and Greece. He later served as chief of the Department of Foreign Affairs for the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893.

Personal life
Fearn married Frances Hewitt of Louisville in 1865. They had four children including Mary Walker, Percy Le Roy, James Hewitt and Clarice Hewitt.

Their daughter Mary Walker married Prince Serge Wolkonsky.

John Walker Fearn died on April 7, 1899.

title: Walker Fearn


text:
Mahmoud Samir Fayed

Mahmoud Samir Fayed (born December 29, 1986) is a computer programmer, known as the creator of the PWCT programming language. PWCT is a free open source visual programming language for software development. He also created or designed Ring. He is a researcher at King Saud University. Prior to that, he worked at the Riyadh Techno Valley in the Information and Communication Technology Incubator.

Background
Fayed started to learn computer programming at 10 years old under the supervision of his father who works as a computer programmer. He started using the Clipper programming language under MS-DOS. In 2006 he wrote free Arabic programming books. He studied computer science at the Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Egypt, graduating in 2008.

Fayed received a Master's degree in 2017, from the College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

PWCT language
In 2005 Fayed began work on a new visual programming language called PWCT and distributed it as a free-open source project in 2008.

Supernova language
In 2009 Fayed began work on a new programming language called Supernova and distributed it as a free-open source project in 2010. The language support writing the source code in Arabic/English keywords at the same time and it's a Domain-specific language for GUI development using natural code. Supernova is developed using PWCT.

JVLC Journal
In 2013 Fayed worked with other researchers as a reviewer for the Journal of Visual Languages and Computing. The journal is published by Elsevier.

LASCNN algorithm
In 2013–2014 Fayed worked with other researchers on designing the LASCNN algorithm. In graph theory, LASCNN is a Localized Algorithm for Segregation of Critical/Non-critical Nodes. The LASCNN algorithm establishes k-hop neighbor list and a duplicate free pair wise connection list based on k-hop information. If the neighbors are stay connected then the node is non critical.

Ring language
In 2013 Fayed began work on a new programming language called Ring and distributed it as a free-open source project in 2016. Ring aims to offer a language focused on helping the developer with building natural interfaces and declarative DSLs.

Machine Learning
In 2022-2023 Fayed worked with other researchers on developing different machine learning models and solutions. One of these models uses natural language processing to predict the citations count of research papers in Otology field using the paper title, abstract and authors. the results indicate that using neural networks provides the best results compared to other algorithms like linear regression and random forest. The paper abstract has more influence on the citations number compared to the paper title or authors names.

Also, they developed a model to predict the post-operative electrode impedances after cochlear implantation surgery. These models are developed using Ring and Microsoft Azure Machine Learning.

Papers

 * Fayed et al., PWCT: a novel general-purpose visual programming language in support of pervasive application development, CCF Transactions on Pervasive Computing and Interaction, 2020
 * Imran, MA Alnuem, MS Fayed, A Alamri, Localized algorithm for segregation of critical/non-critical nodes in mobile ad hoc and sensor networks, Procedia Computer Science, 2013

title: Mahmoud Samir Fayed


text:
Template:Drafts moved from mainspace/doc

Usage

This template will automatically categorize the page in Category:All content moved from mainspace to draftspace and the appropriate related monthly category.


text:
2019 BGL Luxembourg Open

The 2019 BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open was a professional women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts sponsored by BNP Paribas. It was the 24th edition of the Luxembourg Open, and part of the WTA International tournaments category of the 2019 WTA Tour. It was held in Kockelscheuer, Luxembourg from 14 to 20 October 2019.

Prize money
1 Qualifiers prize money is also the Round of 32 prize money
 * per team

Seeds

 * Rankings as of 7 October 2019

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
 * 🇱🇺 Mandy Minella
 * Jeļena Ostapenko
 * 🇺🇸 Katie Volynets

The following player received entry using a protected ranking into the singles main draw:
 * 🇨🇿 Denisa Allertová
 * 🇺🇸 Shelby Rogers

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
 * 🇺🇦 Marta Kostyuk
 * 🇩🇪 Antonia Lottner
 * 🇷🇴 Monica Niculescu
 * 🇫🇷 Chloé Paquet

The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
 * Bibiane Schoofs

Withdrawals

 * Before the tournament
 * 🇨🇿 Marie Bouzková → replaced by 🇯🇵 Misaki Doi
 * 🇺🇸 Madison Brengle → replaced by 🇩🇪 Laura Siegemund
 * 🇺🇸 Danielle Collins → replaced by 🇺🇸 Caty McNally
 * 🇫🇷 Alizé Cornet → replaced by 🇩🇪 Tamara Korpatsch
 * 🇩🇪 Angelique Kerber → replaced by 🇪🇸 Aliona Bolsova
 * 🇺🇦 Kateryna Kozlova → replaced by Bibiane Schoofs
 * 🇸🇪 Rebecca Peterson → replaced by 🇩🇪 Tatjana Maria
 * 🇺🇦 Lesia Tsurenko → replaced by 🇷🇴 Sorana Cîrstea

Retirements

 * 🇷🇺 Margarita Gasparyan (back injury)
 * 🇩🇪 Andrea Petkovic (left knee injury)
 * 🇧🇪 Alison Van Uytvanck (left ankle injury)

Seeds

 * 1 Rankings as of 7 October 2019

Other entrants
The following pairs received a wildcard into the doubles main draw:
 * 🇺🇸 Elizabeth Mandlik / 🇺🇸 Katie Volynets
 * 🇱🇺 Eléonora Molinaro / 🇵🇱 Katarzyna Piter

The following pair received entry as alternates:
 * 🇫🇷 Amandine Hesse / 🇫🇷 Chloé Paquet

Withdrawals

 * Before the tournament
 * 🇧🇪 Ysaline Bonaventure (left shoulder injury)
 * 🇷🇴 Monica Niculescu (left lower leg injury)

Singles

 * Jeļena Ostapenko def. 🇩🇪 Julia Görges, 6–4, 6–1

Doubles

 * 🇺🇸 Coco Gauff / 🇺🇸 Caty McNally def. 🇺🇸 Kaitlyn Christian / Alexa Guarachi, 6–2, 6–2

title: 2019 BGL Luxembourg Open


text:
Radiator cabinet

A radiator cabinet is a structure, often made from wood, that is fixed around a radiator or heater thus concealing it from view. It also provides protection against contact with the radiant surface. Radiator cabinets are also known as radiator covers, and are typically constructed with a decorative matrix of holes or slots to minimise obstruction to air movement.

History
The first radiator cabinet is thought to have been manufactured at some point during the Victorian era. The latter part of the 19th century saw greater emphasis placed on attractive and elegant home design. The old cast iron radiators and pipes were regarded as an eyesore and the desire to cover these blemishes led to the introduction of decorative radiator cabinets.

title: Radiator cabinet


text:
Gold (Bob Marley and the Wailers album)

Gold is a two-disc compilation album by Bob Marley and the Wailers that was released on the Island Records label in 2005. The compilation is intended to be a career-spanning retrospective, and no fewer than two songs are selected from each of Bob Marley and the Wailers' albums with the company. Songs range from his first album for the label, Catch a Fire, and span all the way through to the last album Marley would live to see released in his lifetime, Uprising, concluding with the posthumous releases "Iron Lion Zion", and tracks from Confrontation.

This Gold compilation is not to be confused with another compilation Universal released later the same year under the Gold line, consisting of Marley's early pre-fame material with the Wailers dating from 1967 to 1972.

Disc one

 * 1) "Stir It Up"
 * 2) "Slave Driver"
 * 3) "Concrete Jungle"
 * 4) "Get Up, Stand Up"
 * 5) "I Shot the Sheriff"
 * 6) "Burnin' and Lootin'"
 * 7) "Lively Up Yourself"
 * 8) "Rebel Music (3 O'Clock Roadblock)"
 * 9) "Trenchtown Rock" (Live)
 * 10) "No Woman, No Cry" (Live)
 * 11) "Jah Live"
 * 12) "Positive Vibration"
 * 13) "Roots, Rock, Reggae"
 * 14) "Crazy Baldhead"
 * 15) "Natural Mystic"
 * 16) "Exodus"
 * 17) "Jamming'"

Disc two

 * 1) "One Love / People Get Ready"
 * 2) "Waiting in Vain"
 * 3) "Punky Reggae Party"
 * 4) "Is This Love"
 * 5) "Sun Is Shining"
 * 6) "Satisfy My Soul"
 * 7) "Kinky Reggae" (Live)
 * 8) "Medley: War / No More Trouble" (Live)
 * 9) "So Much Trouble in the World"
 * 10) "Africa Unite"
 * 11) "One Drop"
 * 12) "Could You Be Loved"
 * 13) "Coming in from the Cold"
 * 14) "Redemption Song"
 * 15) "Buffalo Soldier"
 * 16) "Rastaman Live Up!"
 * 17) "Iron Lion Zion"

title: Gold (Bob Marley and the Wailers album)


text:
ahorse

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1)  On the back of a horse; on horseback.
 * 2) * 1817,, , Chapter4, in Harrington, and Ormond, Tales, London: R. Hunter, Volume2, p.85,
 * “By all that’s princely,” cried he, “then, that young Harry Ormond was intended for a prince, he sits a horse so like myself; and that horse requires a master hand to manage him.”
 * “By all that’s princely,” cried he, “then, that young Harry Ormond was intended for a prince, he sits a horse so like myself; and that horse requires a master hand to manage him.”

title: ahorse


text:
Church of Our Lady St Mary of Glastonbury

The Church of Our Lady St Mary of Glastonbury in Glastonbury, Somerset, England, is a Roman Catholic church that was completed in 1940, which includes the Diocesan Shrine of Our Lady of Glastonbury.

History
The church sits along Magdalene Street facing the medieval Abbot's Kitchen across the road in Glastonbury Abbey. On the same site once stood the original Catholic church in an old converted stable, which was pulled down in 1938. Behind the church there was once the St Louis Convent school, which operated from 1925 until 1984. The new church was made at a cost of £11,000 and was built using Bath and Corsham stone. At the front of the church, carved into the stone, are statues of the Madonna and Child, Saint Dunstan to the left and Richard Whiting, the last abbot of Glastonbury, on the right. Father Michael Fitzpatrick worked on raising these funds and relied upon local donations to do so.

Relics
After its consecration on July 2, 1941, by Bishop Lee of Clifton, the church was blessed and relics from saints placed within the altar and reliquaries from:

 * Oliver Plunkett – Patron saint of peace and reconciliation in Ireland
 * Thomas Becket – Patron saint of the Roman Catholic Secular Clergy
 * Pope Innocent I – Once pope for 16 years
 * Benedict of Nursia – Patron saint of students and the dying, et al.
 * Victoria of Albitina – Patron of Anticoli, Italy
 * Saint Barbara – Patron saint of artillerymen and miners
 * Pope Clement I – Patron saint of stone cutters and sailors

Interior
Behind the altar is the statue of Our Lady St Mary of Glastonbury, which was executed in 1955. Either side is a large tapestry which was woven by the Edinburgh Tapestry Company. It depicts the three Glastonbury Martyrs – Abbot Richard Whiting, his treasurer John Thorne and their companion Roger James – before they were hanged, drawn and quartered at Glastonbury Tor during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Also depicted are Saints Dunstan, Patrick, Brigid, Joseph of Arimathea, and David, and the monk Richard Bere who was beheaded for refusing to "take the Oath of Henry's supremacy over the Church".

Above the tapestry is a stained glass window depicting the Crucifixion with Mary Magdalene at the feet of Jesus. On the left is the Virgin Mary and on the right is Saint John, a disciple of Jesus.

List of priests

 * Fr Francis Burdett, 1926–1928
 * Fr Patrick O'Beirne, 1929–1938
 * Fr Michael Fitzpatrick, 1938–1944
 * Fr William Ryan, 1944–1948
 * Fr Joseph Sheehan, 1948–1952
 * Fr James O'Brien, 1952–1962
 * Fr Sean McNamara, 1962–1967
 * Fr John O'Connor, 1968–1982
 * Fr Nicholas Tranter, 1982–1984
 * Fr Paul Sankey, 1984–1998
 * Fr Kevin Knox-Lecky, 1999–2012
 * Fr James Finan, 2012–2017
 * Fr Bede Rowe, 2017–2019
 * The Community of Our Lady of Glastonbury, 2019–2021
 * Fr Dominic Findlay-Wilson, 2021–present


text:
Coe College

Coe College is a private liberal arts college in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. It was founded in 1851 and is historically affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA). The college is a member of the Associated Colleges of the Midwest and the Association of Presbyterian Colleges and Universities.

History
Coe College was founded in 1851 by Rev. Williston Jones as the School for the Prophets. While canvassing churches in the East to raise money for students to attend Eastern seminaries, Jones met a farmer named Daniel Coe, who donated $1,500 and encouraged Jones to open a college in Cedar Rapids. Coe's gift came with the stipulation that the college should offer education to both men and women, and when the Cedar Rapids campus opened in 1853 as the Cedar Rapids Collegiate Institute, it was a co-educational institution. In 1875, the college was reestablished as Coe College Institute and in 1881, after a private donation from T. M. Sinclair, founder of the Sinclair Meat Packing Company, was finally founded as Coe College.

Coe was accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools in 1907. In 1910, Presbyterian clergyman John Abner Marquis became president and initiated a period of growth that lasted for several years; Marquis was a sought-after speaker and served as Moderator in the Presbyterian Church, its highest office.

Academics
Coe College awards the following degrees: Bachelor of Arts (B.A.), Bachelor of Music (B.M.), and Bachelor of Science in Nursing (B.S.N.). Coe offers more than 60 areas of study and provides the option for students to create their own major under the guidance of faculty members. Its three most popular majors, based on 2021 graduates, were Business Administration and Management (36), Psychology (35), and Biology/Biological Sciences (27).

Athletics
Coe College has 21 men's and women's athletic teams and is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division III. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field, and wrestling; women's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field, and volleyball. Coe also supports five Co-Ed athletic teams. They include Archery, Cheer, Dance, Clay Target and Esports. Their athletic team name is the Kohawks, a stylized bird; the college mascot is known as Charlie Kohawk.

Stewart Memorial Library
Stewart Memorial Library contains more than 202,000 books and other materials. The library also features gallery spaces showing work by Iowa artists Marvin Cone, Conger Metcalf, and Grant Wood.

Student life
In 1972, a study found that Coe students had traditional values which were often in harmony with those of their parents.

Coe has an active Greek social community with four fraternities and five sororities.

Writing center
Coe's Writing Center (CWC) is the largest undergraduate student-run writing center in the nation, with over 60 undergraduates on staff. It opened in 1986. The CWC now conducts over 2,000 student conferences a year. The CWC produces and distributes several small campus publications.

Notable alumni

 * Fran Allison – actress
 * Michael Boddicker – musician
 * Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier – political scientist
 * Wilmer D. Elfrink – football and basketball coach
 * Paul Engle – director of the Iowa Writers' Workshop
 * Bill Fitch – basketball coach
 * Edgar S. Furniss – economist and educator
 * Chris Funk – musician
 * James William Good – US Congressman and Secretary of War
 * Dora Jane Hamblin – journalist, editor
 * Fred Hickman – sportscaster
 * Timothy S. Hillman – U.S. District Court judge
 * Fred Jackson – football player
 * Jason Kottke – blogger, designer
 * Marv Levy – football coach
 * David McCosh – painter and professor
 * Byron McKeeby – artist and professor
 * Curt Menefee – sportscaster
 * Conger Metcalf - painter
 * Ronald Moon – Chief Justice of Hawaii Supreme Court (1993–2010)
 * Dow Mossman – novelist
 * Edward A. Ross – sociologist
 * Bradley Marc Sherrill – nuclear physicist
 * William Shirer – author
 * Gary Allan Sojka – university administrator
 * Lindsay Souvannarath – attempted mass murderer
 * Quentin Stanerson – politician, member of the Iowa House of Representatives
 * Shelby Steele – author, sociologist, political commentator
 * S. Donald Stookey – inventor
 * Gregory Alan Williams – actor and author

title: Coe College


text:
Talk:Désiré Mbonabucya

Dead link

 * http://www.vi.nl/vi/show/id=40053/dbid=7509/typeofpage=40054/sc=503cc3 (archive)
 * In Désiré Mbonabucya on 2008-01-11 17:39:59, 404 Not Found
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title: Talk:Désiré Mbonabucya


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Becchara Palmer

Becchara Palmer

 * ... that 2012 Australian Olympic beach volleyball player Becchara Palmer won 20 of 31 matches going into the Olympics?
 * Reviewed: List of number-one dance singles of 2010 (U.S.)

Created/expanded by LauraHale (talk) and User:Frietjes (talk). Self nom at 01:56, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Symbol confirmed.svg Meets all the criteria, hook is directly cited to the Australian Olympic Committee. Size requirements are fine, and article is fully cited. Miyagawa   (talk)  21:51, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ


text:
Miłonice Manor House

The dwór (manor house) in Miłonice, Poland, was built around 1750-1760. It belonged to Stanisław Szypowski, who owned 239 hectares of land. After World War II the former seat of landowners was settled by "squatters". Today it is owned by municipal office in Krośniewice.

Building
Building was renovated several times and still has the characteristics of the late Baroque. It is a ground-floor building with a basement and attic. The wooden and timbered building has log structure and stands on foundation made of stones and bricks. The Mansion was built on a rectangular plan, with forward vestibule topped with a triangular gable in the front elevation and a newer brick outhouse from the west. There are biaxial garrets topped with slender, triangular gables both in the front and in the back side of the building. It has a two-bay interior layout with a vestibule and a cabinet on the axis. There is also a large room that served as a dining room in the past, which is adjacent to the west side of vestibule. Rooms located on the edges of the rectangle are three-bay. Hipped roof, formerly shingled, now is sheet-covered.

Interesting facts
Mansion in Miłonice is located in the remains of the landscape park and - for sure – is one of the most beautiful late Baroque wooden seats in Poland.

title: Miłonice Manor House


text:
Talk:High School Mathematics Extensions/Primes

"In mathematics, only the most important (yet basic) theorems are coined fundamental. If you see the word fundamental as part of the naming of a theorem, it means that theorem is of extreme importance."

I am afraid that we have one exception: the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra.

Good point, the exception being that it's extremely hard, and hence not basic. But... by basic i dont mean easy, but fundamental. I'll fire up the thesaurus then

Do the multiplicative inverses have to be written as 1/k? Dysprosia 09:17, 6 Nov 2003 (UTC)

No, but I guess what i wanted to do was to illustrate the ideas using something they're familiar with. I guess a better notation will be x-1. I will adopt that notation in later sections. Xiaodai
 * The problem I have with it implies that you can divide in Zn which in fact you can't. That √(-1) notation threw me off too... Dysprosia 00:16, 29 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Okay, I fixed the grammar. I'm probably the only person who can listen to music, fix grammar, learn, and fix source code at the same time :-). Ugen64 01:03, 18 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Hey, thanks a thousand. Those fixes are exactly what this online-book needs!!! You are da man!Xiaodai AUSEDT 12.34 18 Dec 03

I might look stupid, but I don't understand what I'm supposed to notice about the values of the powers of two in modulo 11... can someone help me? Ugen64 20:45, 19 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * In mod 11 arithmetic, 2 is called a generator. Let's list all the powers of 2 from 1 to 10:
 * 2, 4, 8, 5, 10, 9, 7, 3, 6, 1.
 * The number 2 is called a generator, because its powers generate all the numbers from 1 to 10! That is, for every number x mod 11, we can find a number p, such that 2p = x. Utilizing this idea, calculating xn for big x and n is no longer a problem! Consider 67, notice 29 is 6, therefore 67 = 263 = 23 = 8.
 * Notice 6 is also a generator, can you find the other generators(Using the powers of 2 or 6)? Xiaodai 8:05, 20 Dec 03 Sydney
 * Which means that Zn is a cyclic group for some values of n :) Dysprosia 23:21, 19 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * I also just happened to notice that the operations between numbers are mirrored on either side of the 10.
 * 1+1=2+2=4+4=8-3=5+5=10
 * 10-1=9-2=7-4=3+3=6-5=1

info -- Recursion

 * xn = x * xn-1 if n>0
 * why is n>0?
 * x0 = x * x0-1 = x/x = 1 this is not a special case it follows the same rules
 * x-1 = x * x-1-1 = x/x2 = 1/x ...
 * I'm not a math guy but n>0 seems not to be needed.
 * Pk2000 12:01, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Very good point. Thanks for pointing that out. Will seriously consider making a point of that in the article. Thanks again Xiaodai 16:04, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * You need to point out then that x ≠ 0 if you do this. 0^0 is not defined. Dysprosia 22:18, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

-

One?
My mum tells me that when she did mathematics, 1 was considered a prime number. Was it? Is counting 1 as a non-prime more useful? Is her memory just at fault? *g* r3m0t 11:27, 23 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * She may be might right, but that was long time ago. Now, one is not consider a prime. Xiaodai 15:00, 23 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * ...so why is one not considred a prime? I see the question being asked but I don't see it answered anywhere in the text. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:44, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

 * It is not considered a prime because it is more useful to do so. The fundamental theorem of arithmetic would have to be changed to say "every number can be expressed as a unique product of non-unitary primes" (where by non-unitary primes, I mean what we call a prime today), and the phrase "prime number" occurs much more often in mathematics than "prime number or 1". --Taejo (talk) 14:36, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * One need not express the fundamental theorem of arithmetic in an English syntax at all, as it is rather more cumbersome to translate into other languages, in comparison to pure mathematical expressions. I'm not very good at this, but let's give it a crack. If we express "primeness" as being a feature of Diophantine inequations, then it becomes a simple matter of what inequations are satisfied by what numbers. If x/y = n, then x cannot be prime. Working from this definition, it can be easily shown that both 0 and 1 are prime numbers, and that all the numbers commonly considered prime satisfy these inequations as well. As must be necessary, non-primes do not satisfy these inequations. That is, ({Diophantine}, n≠1) x/y≠n, where n is any number (except one), and x is the proposed prime. (If I haven't fully defined all the conditions, I apologize, but it's been awhile since I've worked on this.) --TheLastWordSword --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:26, 27 October 2010 (UTC) EDIT: A second point is that the Sieve of Eratosthenes is not a mathematical proof of any sort, merely a rather rough algorithm. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:35, 27 October 2010 (UTC)

 * My instincts were correct, anyway. The proper expression is ({Diophantine} n{not-equal}x) x/y(not-equal)n, where y{not-equal}1 is had freely. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:50, 28 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I can also prove Euclid's Fifth Postulate, through RAA. ;) --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:38, 27 October 2010 (UTC)

One chapter done
I consider this chapter done (a first draft at least)! I guess it's appropriate at this time to... clap. Thanks to all those who contributed to this 22 page beast! It was hard work. Xiaodai

 * *claps vigorously* By the way, you know you can just sign by typing ~ ? r3m0t 23:43, 4 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for that i didn't know. Xiaodai 07:57, 5 Jan 2004 (UTC)

For problem 11(b), what exactly is your notation? Where you have $$\sqrt{-1}\equiv \frac{p-1}{2}!$$, you don't say what it's equivalent to. (There's no (mod n) clause.) Furthermore, should the "p=1 (mod 4)" equation be written as an equivalence instead?

I'm not entirely sure about these, so I didn't make the edit. Can someone confirm or deny? Grendelkhan 17:16, 9 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the question. The editing is done. Where obvious I sometimes do use the two notations interchangably. But I'll change it in this case. Xiaodai 23:20, 9 Feb 2004 (UTC)

I do believe factorization is spelled wrong throughout the document.... Someone may like to fix that.

 * It's not "wrong". Some people spell it with an s and some with a z - they are variants, not misspellings. Dysprosia 04:59, 21 Apr 2004 (UTC)

It might be a temporary thing, but there appears to be a bug in the formula rendering - the example for marking 5 as a prime in the "Finding primes" section does not appear to render. I found that removing the terminating // on the last line of the matrix definition causes the matrix to render correctly again - however (bizarrely) it causes a visible rendering error (in preview mode at least) when applied to any of the other matrixes. Waveform 01:04, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

For the life of me, I can't figure out the fifth modulo 11 problem. I don't see how adding or subtracting 11 is ever going to get me a multiple of i. Infact, after the 5th question, the page starts to become a giant nonsequiter for me (I'm sure the page is correct, it's just not clear to me). The question is unclear -- I'm not sure if it means find x if (x mod 11)^2 = -2 or if x^2 mod 11 = -2.

 * I don't like the notation in the question. My interpretation of it is that it is asking you for all the numbers modulo 11, that when you square it, you get -2 = 9 (mod 11). So, x^2 = 9 normally you have 3 as a solution. But, 11 mod 11 is zero, so conceivably, 11+3 will also be a solution too, since we're basically "adding zero". So 3+11 = 14 = 3 (mod 11), and you can consider -3 = 8 to be a solution too (since (-3)^2 = 9 normally).

Then in the division example it says x=3/5. Ok, sure. Then x = 3 * (1/5). Alright, still with you. Then x = 3 * 3. Uh, where the hell did that come from? 3*3 = 9. 3/5 = 0.6. Then, to really confuse the hell out of me, 3 * 3 becomes 2!

 * Again, the notation (I've complained about it before, above). You can't really divide when talking about modular arithmetic because you can't always do it, and you don't get fractions. The multiplicative inverse of 5 mod 7 is the number you multiply 5 by modulo 7 to get 1. 3 * 5 = 1 (mod 7), so you can write "1/5" (which should really be written as 5-1) as 3. The rest should then be clear: get back to me if it isn't.

But I'm confused even before that. 1/5 = 0.2. 1/5 mod 7 is still 0.2. Why are we doing this funky stuff with x in the first place?

 * See above. 1/5 is supposed to be the multiplicative inverse, not a fraction. We only work with numbers {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} modulo 5, we don't have fractions or decimals or whatever. If we want to "divide" numbers, we look for numbers we multiply to get 1 (like if we had real numbers, 1/5 is supposed to be the number we multiply 5 by to get 1, modulo 7, 3 is supposed to be the number we multiply 5 by to get 1).

Can someone please clarify here or in the module itself what is going on? I can get a 4 on my AP calc examination but this makes no sense to me ;)

dataangel

 * As I mentioned, get back to me if anything I told you still doesn't make sense. Dysprosia 10:25, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * It seems that my notation (or my uni lecturer's notation) have confused quite a lot of ppl. Just think of "1/5" as the number when multiplied by 5 will give 1, dont think of it as 0.2. I know that "1/5" will be confusing to those with prior exposure to higher mathematics but this book is for high school student and so i want to do it in notations familiar to them. Maybe i should clarify it in the book. Xiaodai 14:18, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I know you want to use notation familiar to high school students, but you really need to use a different notation. The two operations aren't the same, and you're going to confuse people more if you do, even that high schooler above. But it's up to you. Dysprosia 23:52, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I think you can effectively use the "1/5" notation. What's wrong with thinking it is 0.2?  What does 0.2 mean anyway?  It only ever means 2/10 which makes just as much sense in modulo 11 arithmetic as it does in the rationals.  You can "divide" in prime modulos because they are fields.  The important thing to recognize (and communicate) is that the canonical form for all numbers in "modulo 11" arithmetic comes from the list {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}.  You get a lot of leeway for students to play around with the algebra and still get sensible answers, they just have to do the algebra correctly.

 * By the way, I have always liked the analogy of "clock" arithmetic as a way of explaining all the funny bits of Z12. So image a clock with only 11 hours on the face (strange day!). How many hours would you have to wait from "midnight" before the clock showed 2 o'clock?  There are lots of equivalent answers.  Now DIVIDE that many hours into 10 equal pieces. You get lots of different numerical answers for "how long", but they are all equivalent to 9 (mod 11).  Which only means that if you work a 9 hour shift 5 times in a row starting at midnight, the clock will read 1.  But if you work a 2/10 hour (do I dare call it 12 minute?) shift 5 times in a row starting at midnight the clock will still read 1. beej 13:51, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

5^99 mod 11? I'm probably not thinking through this properly/missing something (it's been a while for me since I did any of this stuff), but isn't that a little difficult to do, even with something like Euler's theorem for help? Dysprosia 12:40, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I guess the question is a bit tricky. Just note that the inverse of 3 is 4. Xiaodai 07:55, 24 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I think what students are supposed to see is that 5 is a generator, just like all the other elements in modulo 11 arithmetic. If you can find which exponent i make 5i = 1, then you can do normal arithmetic on the exponent.  In this case 510 = 1, so you figure 599 = 510 * 9 + 9= (510)9 * 59 = (1)9 * 59.

beej 13:51, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

Is the new project a good challenge or what? Need opinions. Xiaodai 10:59, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

hello everyone just reading through. the discription of what the modular arithmatic is was a little confusing so I fixed it up a bit but the rest of the article is a bit hard to fallow through the modular arithmatic section. I'm not exactly sure what the whole division and inversion section is saying. the whole section on modular arthmetic brings up some un answered questions. is there a real number version of modular arthimetic or is there only integers in modular arthimetic. from there I kind of get lost. good article though I like what I've read so far. --Stranger104 08:41, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Revision 1
This chapter is the first chapter to be written. The material, despite others and my best effoects, remain somewhat chaotic and lacking focus. I have moved the much disputed (and confusing) part about division and inverses to Further Modular Arithmetic where it will received a rigorous treatment. I have also tried to replace the somehwhat colloquiall language/tone with a formal one in most parts. Removal of the personality section on Arnold Ross has been agonised over many times, but the final decision is to remove it. Xiaodai 07:21, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

Reorganised a bit, rewrote the inverses section after feedback receive, hope it's not as confusing as before, and that we won't get into arguments about technicalities this time. Xiaodai 08:05, 12 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Update*

what a pretentious and patronising piece of junk this is. Zhuo Jia Dai 12:08, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

Largest prime
It will always change, so a date should be specified (as of ...)--Billymac00 (discuss • contribs) 02:14, 26 September 2014 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jay Sebring

The result was   keep. postdlf (talk) 02:14, 15 February 2015 (UTC)

Jay Sebring

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Simply put, this biography of a crime victim seems to fail WP:VICTIM ("The victim... had a large role within a well-documented historic event. The historic significance is indicated by persistent coverage of the event in reliable secondary sources that devote significant attention to the individual's role"). Except one 2002 NYT article all sources I see mention him in passing; if he hasn't been killed by Manson, his life up to that point wouldn't make her notable. Per said policy ("A person who is known only in connection with a criminal event or trial should not normally be the subject of a separate Wikipedia article if there is an existing article that could incorporate the available encyclopedic material relating to that person.") the one-two relevant sentences should be merged to Charles_Manson if the facts aren't there already (now, the Tate murders article should likely be split off into a subarticle, but that's another issue). Note that most of the article is not referenced anyway. See related AfDs at Articles for deletion/Abigail Folger and Articles for deletion/Steven Parent. Pinging participants of the former: Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here  09:56, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of California-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 12:52, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Fashion-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 12:52, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Crime-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 12:52, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of People-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 12:52, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Keep Thanks for the ping. Yes, he fails WP:VICTIM, but he passes WP:GNG. He was quite notable for his hair styling career even before he was killed. According to sourced material in the article, he "invented a whole new way of cutting men's hair", and his techniques are still being taught 40 years after his death, via his still-existing company Sebring International. Seriously, I thought I had firmly established this person's notability with the recent sources I added: I doubled the prose portion of the article and added four new sources, all of which are about him and his career, not about the murders. The NYT article you linked to above is 3 pages long and is entirely, significantly about him and his hair styling career; it was written more than 30 years after his death which should establish his lasting significance. Oh, and as of 2013 a biopic movie about him was reportedly in the works. If the murder portion of the article needs more sources, those can readily be added; but those are about the crime and thus are less important to the article than the material about HIM. --MelanieN (talk) 22:41, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * He is indeed the most borderline of the discussed Tate victims, through I am still not convinced that one reliable source (NYT article) is sufficient. Notability demands multiple sources. Of course it's just a guideline, but... let's see what others think. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 14:26, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment See also related discussion at Articles for deletion/Wojciech Frykowski. --MelanieN (talk) 23:05, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Keep - famous in life before death. Bearian (talk) 22:52, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment In these related AfDs, several people have suggested that a merge to a new article Tate murders would be better than a merge to Charles Manson. See Talk:Charles Manson to discuss this idea. MelanieN (talk) 23:16, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Keep - per WP:GNG.--BabbaQ (talk) 20:49, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Keep as per BabbaQ passes WP:GNG even before his murder.     WordSeventeen (talk) 07:09, 12 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Grant Patterson

Grant Patterson (born 19 May 1989) is an Australian Paralympic swimmer. At the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics, his second games, he won a silver and bronze medal. He has a been selected to compete at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, France - his fourth Summer Paralympics.

Personal
Patterson was born on 19 May 1989 and is from Cairns, Queensland. He attended Redlynch State College, a state school in Redlynch. Patterson has Diastrophic dysplasia, a joint fusion disability connected to dwarfism. Other sports he competes in include Australian rules football, cricket and ice hockey.

Patterson owes his nickname, "Scooter", to the non-motorised scooter which he uses to move around, including up to the edge of the pool during competitions.

Swimming
Patterson is an S3 classified swimmer. He is coached by Herbie Howard.

Patterson started competitive swimming in 2007. At the 2009 Australian Open, he came in first in the 100m backstroke event. He first represented Australia in 2009 at the Arafura Games where he won two gold medals and one bronze medal. At 2010 Berlin International Championships, he earned two gold medals and one silver medal. Competing at the 2011 Australian National Championships, he set a world record in the 100m backstroke event. He was a member of the Australian team competing at the 2010 IPC Swimming World Championships in Eindhoven, Netherlands. At the 2011 Para Pan Pacific Championships, he earned seven medals. He was selected to represent Australia at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in swimming. He did not medal at the 2012 Games.

At the 2013 IPC Swimming World Championships in Montreal, Canada, Patterson won a silver medal in the Men's 150 m Individual Medley S3 and two bronze medals in the Men's 50 m Freestyle S3 and Men's 100 m Freestyle S3.

Competing at the 2015 IPC Swimming World Championships in Glasgow, Scotland, Patterson won a silver medal in the Men's 150m Individual Medley S3. He finished fifth in the Men's 200m Freestyle S3 and Men's 50m Breaststroke SB2, sixth in the Men's 50m Freestyle S3 and Men's 50m Backstroke S3 and seventh in the Mixed 4x50m Freestyle Relay 20pts.

At the 2019 World Para Swimming Championships, London, Patterson won the silver medal in the Men's 50 m Breaststroke SB2 and bronze medal in the Men's 150 m Individual Medley SM3.

At the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics, he won the silver medal in the Men's 50 m breaststroke SB2 with a time of 1:01.79, two-and-a-half seconds behind the gold medal winner, José Arnulfo Castorena of Mexico. Patterson also a bronze medal in the Men's 150 m individual medley SM3 with a time of 3:05.57. He competed in three other events but did not qualify for their finals.

At the 2022 World Para Swimming Championships, Madeira. Patterson won two medals - silver in the Men's 50 m Breaststroke SB2 and bronze in the Men's 150 m Individual Medley SM3. Patterson did not medal in four other events.

Recognition

 * 2014 – Swimming Australia Paralympic Program Swimmer of the Year
 * 2021 - Keys to the City of Cairns in recognition to performances at the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics.
 * 2021 - Swimming Australia Awards Swimmers' Swimmer with Ben Popham

title: Grant Patterson


text:
UK Constitution and Government/Constitution

Presentation
The Constitution

Previous Chapter | Next Chapter -- Unlike most other sovereign states, the United Kingdom does not possess a document expressing itself to be the nation's fundamental or highest law. Instead, the British constitution is found in a number of sources. Because of this, the British constitution is often said to be an unwritten constitution; however, many parts of the constitution are indeed in written form, so it would be more accurate to refer to the body of the British constitution as an uncodified constitution.

The British constitution is spread across a number of sources:

1. Statute law

2. Royal prerogative (executive powers usually exercised by Ministers of the Crown)

3. Constitutional conventions (accepted norms of political behaviour)

4. Common law (decisions by senior courts that are binding on lower courts)

5. EU Treaties

6. Statements made in books considered to have particular authority

Note that not all of these sources form part of the law of the land, and so the British constitution encompasses a wider variety of rules, etc. than that of (say) the United States.

1. Statute law
Many important elements of the British constitution are to be found in Acts of Parliament. In contrast with many other countries, legislation affecting the constitution is not subject to any special procedure, and is passed using the same procedures as for ordinary legislation.

The most important statute law still in force and affecting the constitution includes the following:
 * The Habeas Corpus Act 1679
 * The Bill of Rights (1689)
 * The Claim of Right (1689)
 * The Act of Settlement (1701)
 * The Acts of Union (1707)
 * The Septennial Act 1715
 * The Acts of Union (1800)
 * The Parliament Acts (1911 and 1949)
 * The Regency Act 1953
 * The Life Peerages Act 1958
 * The Peerage Act 1963
 * The European Communities Act 1972
 * The British Nationality Act 1981
 * The Representation of the People Act 1983
 * The Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986
 * The Human Rights Act 1998
 * The Scotland Act 1998
 * The Northern Ireland Act 1998
 * The House of Lords Act 1999
 * The Civil Contingencies Act 2004
 * The Constitutional Reform Act 2005
 * The Government of Wales Act 2006

2. Royal prerogative
Certain powers pre-dating the establishment of the present parliamentary system are still formally retained by the Queen. In practice almost all of these powers are exercised only on the decision of Ministers of the Crown (the Cabinet). These powers, known as the royal prerogative, include the following:

 * The appointment and dismissal of government ministers
 * The summoning, opening, prorogation, and dissolution of Parliament
 * The assenting to legislation
 * The power to declare war, and to deploy the armed forces
 * The power to conduct relations with foreign states, including the recognition of states or governments, and the making of treaties
 * The issuing of passports

3. Constitutional conventions
Conventions are customs that operate as rules considered to bind the actions of the Queen or the Government. Conventions are not part of the law, but nevertheless are often considered to be just as fundamental to the structure and working of the constitution as the contents of any statute. Indeed, statute law affecting the constitution is often written in such a way that the existence of certain conventions is taken for granted, and some conventions are so fundamental that many people are unaware that they are in fact "unwritten" rules.

Examples of the more important constitutional conventions include:

 * The Queen does not direct government policy, and leaves all decision-making to her Cabinet
 * Cabinet members are bound by the principle of collective responsibility; ministers who feel themselves unable to publicly support or defend the policy of the Government are expected to resign
 * The Government is headed by a Prime Minister, appointed by the Queen from the House of Commons
 * The Prime Minister is usually expected to be the leader of the political party with the most MPs (members of the House of Commons)
 * When a Prime Minister's political party loses a general election (i.e. obtains less seats in the House of Commons than a rival party), he or she is expected to resign
 * Government ministers are usually expected to be drawn entirely from the two Houses of Parliament, and most important office-holders are expected to be MPs
 * A government that is unable to obtain the passage through Parliament of important legislation, including the annual Appropriation and Finance Acts, is expected to resign
 * The (unelected) House of Lords does not obstruct the passage of legislation stated in the government party's election manifesto to be fundamental policy
 * The Speaker of the House of Commons is expected to be impartial, even though originally elected as the representative of a political party

4. Common law
The common law is that part of the law which does not rest on statute. Instead, it is the accumulation of specific judicial decisions set by senior courts as precedents binding on lesser courts.

Certain parts of the common law are also what is known as trite law: examples of this include the fact that the United Kingdom is a monarchy, and the fact that brothers used to take precedence over sisters in the succession to the throne; this was repealed by the Succession to the Crown Act 2013.

5. EU Treaties
As a member state of the European Union, the United Kingdom is bound by EU law. However, the majority of votes cast favoured the referendum to exit the EU. The UK invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union on 29 March 2017, which started what is often referred to as the "Brexit". The United Kingdom left the European Union on 30 January 2020.

6. Authoritative statements
Certain published works are usually considered to have particular authority. In the first half of the twentieth century this was the case with A V Dicey's Law of the Constitution, being cited with approval in judicial decisions. A particularly important work is Erskine May, which sets out the procedures and customs of the House of Commons. Other important sources include certain ministerial statements.

However, none of these works have legal authority; at best, they are merely persuasive.


text:
Hurum air disaster

The Hurum air disaster was an Aero Holland plane crash in Hurum southwest of Oslo, Norway when a Douglas DC-3 which was carrying Jewish children from Tunisia who were to transit through Norway while immigrating to Israel crashed as it was approaching Fornebu Airport on 20 November 1949, killing 34 people, including 27 children.

Background
In 1949, the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee signed an agreement with the Norwegian Ministry of Welfare under which 200 places in a sanitarium for tuberculosis patients was to be evacuated so as to be made available for Jewish children from North Africa in the process of immigrating to the newly independent state of Israel. In April 1949, about 200 children from Morocco transited through the facility on their way to Israel, and this was to be followed by a group of Tunisian Jewish children.

In Tunisia, which was then a protectorate of France, Youth Aliyah emissaries had arrived after Israeli independence in 1948, and with the consent of the French authorities, selected children for immigration to Israel with the consent of their parents. Most of these children were from poor families.

On 20 November 1949, two DC-3 planes of the Aero Holland company took off from an airport near Tunis. One made it safely to its destination. The other plane, with the registration PH-TFA, stopped at Brussels-Zaventem Airport to repair the radio before setting off for Oslo. On board that plane were 28 children, most of them 8 to 12 years old, and seven escorts and crew.

The crash
As the DC-3 approached Oslo, the pilot encountered heavy fog, and lowered the plane while still in mountainous terrain. Near Hurum, one of the plane's wings hit a tree. The plane continued another 60 meters and crashed into a mountain at 16:56. The force of the collision overturned the plane, blew most of the passengers out, and ignited the fuel tanks, causing the front of the plane to burst into flames. Of the 35 people on board, 34 were killed. The only survivor was 12-year-old Isac Allal. Allal's sister and two brothers were killed in the crash.

Aftermath
At midnight, Norwegian radio announced that contact with the plane had been lost and asked for the public's help. A search operation was initiated, and on 22 November, after 42 hours of searching, the wreckage and bodies were found. Allal was found, having survived the crash and stayed in the bitter cold on the site.

The crash was the second deadliest air disaster in Norway at that time, exceeded only by the 35 deaths in the 1947 Kvitbjørn disaster. Public sympathy ran high, and the secretary of the Norwegian Labor Party, Håkon Lie started a fundraiser to build a Norwegian village in Israel. The funds were used in helping build the moshav Yanuv.

A memorial to the victims has been raised at the crash site. It is symbolically fenced and decorated with Stars of David. Parts of the wreckage are also at the memorial. In Israel, a memorial to the victims was built in Yanuv. Friends of Israel in the Norwegian Labour Movement (Venner av Israel i Norsk Arbeiderbevegelse) raised money for it to be built. Memorials also exist in Netivot, and Netanya, and a kindergarten in Netanya is named for the children of Oslo.

title: Hurum air disaster


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Etymology
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Adjective

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 * 1) Of or pertaining to mud.

title: luteous