text:
Sam Delaplane

Samuel Louis Nathan Delaplane (born March 27, 1995) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played college baseball for Eastern Michigan University. Delaplane was drafted by the Seattle Mariners in the 23rd round of the 2017 MLB draft. Despite spending time on the 40-man rosters of the Mariners and San Francisco Giants, he never played in Major League Baseball (MLB).

Early life
Delaplane is the son of Fred and Sue Delaplane, and has a brother, Brad.

He attended Leigh High School ('13) in San Jose, California, which is where he was born. Playing baseball as a pitcher and catcher, he was All-League First Team and San Jose Mercury Honorable Mention in his senior season, as he was 6–2 with a 1.66 ERA on the mound and batted .342.

College
Undrafted out of high school, Delaplane attended Eastern Michigan University, earning a degree in marketing. He spent four seasons (2014–17) playing college baseball for the Eastern Michigan Eagles, and was first-team All-Mid-American Conference in his senior year. During the summer of 2016, he played for the Yarmouth–Dennis Red Sox of the Cape Cod League. He was named 2017 first team All-American (D-I) by the Jewish Sports Review. Delaplane was drafted by the Seattle Mariners in the 23rd round of the 2017 MLB draft.

Seattle Mariners
Delaplane split his debut season of 2017 between the AZL Mariners of the Rookie-level Arizona League and the Tacoma Rainiers of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League, combining to go 2–1 with a 3.00 ERA and 50 strikeouts over 33 innings (13.6 strikeouts per 9 innings). He spent the 2018 season with the Clinton LumberKings of the Single–A Midwest League, going 4–2 with 10 saves (3rd in the league) and a 1.96 ERA, and 100 strikeouts over $59 2/3$ innings (15.1 strikeouts per 9 innings; he struck out 38% of batters faced).

In 2019, he split the season between the Modesto Nuts of the High–A California League and the Arkansas Travelers of the Double-A Texas League, going a combined 6–3 with 7 saves and a 2.23 ERA, and 120 strikeouts (leading all minor league relievers) over $68 2/3$ innings (15.7 strikeouts per 9 innings; second-best in minor league baseball for pitchers who pitched 50 innings) in 46 relief appearances. Delaplane had the highest K-BB% (37.0%) and pure strikeout rate (45.8%) in minor league baseball, and his curveball/slider had the second-highest swing-and-miss rate of all slider in baseball. He was named a mid-season California League All Star. In September 2019 Jim Callis named him to MLB Pipeline's Second Team Prospect Team of the Year.

Following the 2019 regular season, Delaplane played for the Peoria Javelinas of the Arizona Fall League, and in six appearances was 0–1 with two saves and a 1.13 ERA over eight innings with 15 strikeouts and 1 walk. He was named a Fall League All-Star. In April 2020 Fangraphs ranked him #11 on its list of Mariners' prospects. In July 2020 CBS Sports opined: "Sam Delaplane is one of, if not the best relief prospect in the game."

Delaplane did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. On November 20, 2020, Delaplane was added to the 40-man roster. That month MLB Pipeline named him Seattle's #20 Prospect. In February 2021, Fangraphs ranked him #9. On April 13, 2021, Delaplane underwent Tommy John surgery, effectively ending his 2021 season. On May 27, Delaplane was designated for assignment by Seattle.

San Francisco Giants
On May 31, 2021, Delaplane was acquired by the San Francisco Giants in exchange for cash considerations. He was placed on the 60-day injured list the next day as he continued to recover from Tommy John. Following the season, on November 30, 2021, Delaplane was non-tendered by the Giants and became a free agent. Delaplane re-signed with the Giants on December 1 on a minor league contract and was later invited to spring training. He was added to the 40-man roster in June 2022; later in the month, after four rehab outings with the San Jose Giants in which he tallied 11 strikeouts, he was put on the 60-day injured list with a right forearm strain. On November 15, Delaplane was designated for assignment by the Giants after they protected multiple prospects from the Rule 5 draft. He was non–tendered by the Giants in November 18, and became a free agent. Delaplane re–signed with the Giants on a minor league contract the following day.

Through 2022, in four minor league seasons, Delaplane was 12–6 with 17 saves and a 2.41 ERA, 1.09 WHIP, 15.3 K/9 (278 strikeouts in 164 innings), and a 4.63 SO/W ratio in 104 relief appearances.

On July 4, 2023, while playing for the High–A Eugene Emeralds, Delaplane combined with Hayden Birdsong, Mat Olsen, and William Kempner to no-hit the Tri-City Dust Devils. The no-hitter was the first since 2015, and the first since the franchise became a part of the Giants organization. He elected free agency on November 6. In 2023 Delaplane pitched for the Double–A Richmond Flying Squirrels, Eugene, and the Single–A San Jose Giants, and was 5-4 with a 4.14 ERA across 32 relief appearances. In his $45 2⁄3$ innings, and gave up 31 hits and 36 walks while striking out 67 batters (13.2 strikeouts per 8 innings). Delaplane elected free agency following the season on November 6.

Long Island Ducks
On April 11, 2024, Delaplane signed with the Long Island Ducks of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. In 23 appearances for the Ducks, he compiled a 3–2 record and 4.63 ERA with 44 strikeouts across $23 1⁄3$ innings pitched. On July 9, Delaplane retired from professional baseball.

Pitching style
Delaplane mixes up a 93–96 mph rising four-seam fastball, and an excellent 83–88 mph curveball-grip curveball/slider hybrid that has a high spin rate and late downward movement and which he releases straight over the top like his fastball.

title: Sam Delaplane


text:
Cookbook:Jamaican Jerk Chicken

| Jamaican cuisine

Ingredients

 * ½ tsp ground allspice
 * 1 tsp salt
 * 1 tsp black pepper
 * 2 tbsp cayenne pepper
 * ½ tsp ground ginger
 * 1 tsp ground cinnamon
 * ¼ tsp freshly-grated nutmeg
 * ½ tbsp dried thyme
 * 2 tbsp dehydrated lemon peel
 * 3 tbsp dark rum
 * 4 boneless skinless chicken breasts
 * ¼ cup brown mustard

Procedure

 * 1) Combine rum and mustard, and rub all over chicken.
 * 2) Combine remaining ingredients and rub all over chicken. Refrigerate for at least 1 hour, but it is better to marinate overnight.
 * 3) Place chicken on a greased, preheated charcoal grill. Cook, turning constantly until internal temperature reaches 165°F. Remove and let rest for 10 minutes.
 * 4) Serve.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * The spices always included allspice because the berries of the pimento tree are the source of allspice.
 * When cooking the meat, barbecue is by far the best technique—failing that, oven bake. Basting with beer is worth trying.
 * Serve with rice and peas.

Warnings

 * See the chili pepper warnings.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cookbook:Jamaican Jerk Chicken


text:
Scouting/BSA/Mammal Study Merit Badge

1. Explain the meaning of animal, invertebrate, vertebrate, and Mammal.

Animal-a living organism that feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system and able to respond rapidly to stimuli.

Ibvertebrate-an animal lacking a backbone, such as an arthropod, mollusk, annelid, coelenterate, etc. The invertebrates constitute an artificial division of the animal kingdom, comprising 95 percent of animal species and about 30 different phyla.

an animal lacking a backbone, such as an arthropod, mollusk, annelid, coelenterate, etc. The invertebrates constitute an artificial division of the animal kingdom, comprising 95 percent of animal species and about 30 different phyla.

Vertebrate- an animal of a large group distinguished by the possession of a backbone or spinal column, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.

Mammal- warm-blooded vertebrate animal of a class that is distinguished by the possession of hair or fur, the secretion of milk by females for the nourishment of the young, and (typically) the birth of live young.

Name three characteristics that distinguish mammals from all other animals. Have hair at some part of their life, Give birth to live young, and warm-blooded

2. Explain how the animal kingdom is classified. Lion Kingdom: The lion is an animal because it eats other organisms for sustenance. Therefore, it is in the Kingdom Animalia. Phylum: The lion has a spinal cord, and it is thus in the Phylum Chordata. Class: The lion has hair and mammary glands, and gives birth to live young. This makes it a mammal, and a member of the Class Mammalia. Order: The lion is a member of the Order Carnivora because it shares specific characteristics of skull and teeth shape (and not because it is a carnivore). Family: The lion is a cat, and is thus a part of the Family Felidae (Note: all families of mammals end in -idae). Genus: The lion has special characteristics that allow it to roar, and is therefore a member of the Genus Panthera. Species: The lion is the species leo of the genus Panthera. The scientific name of a species is both terms combined (e.g. Panthera leo, sometimes abbreviated P. leo). Explain where mammals fit in the classification of animals. Kingdom: Animalia, class: Mammalia.

Classify three mammals from phylum through species. Mammal 1 The domestic dog form of the gray wolf, a member of the Canidae family of the order Carnivora. Mammal 2 The cat (Felis catus), also known as the domestic cat or housecat to distinguish it from other felines and felids, is a small furry domesticated carnivorous mammal that is valued by humans for its companionship and for its ability to hunt household pests. Cats have been associated with humans for at least 9,500 years. Mammal 3 The fox is a common name for many species of omnivorous mammals belonging to the Canidae family. Foxes are small to medium-sized canids (slightly smaller than the median-sized domestic dog), characterized by possessing a long narrow snout, and a bushy tail (or brush).

3. Do ONE of the following: a. Spend 3 hours in each of two different kinds of natural habitats or at a different elevation. List the different mammal species and individual members that you identified by sight or sign.

b. Spend 3 hours on each of 5 days on at least a 25- acre area (about the size of 3 1/2 football fields). List the mammal species you identified by sight or sign. c. From study and reading, write a simple history of one non-game mammal that lives in your area. Redtail hawk Tell how this mammal lived before its habitat was affected in any way by humans. The red tail hawk had an easier time finding food. It had a huge amount of space and many places to build a nest. And the population used to be bigger. Tell how it reproduces, Hawk pairs fly in large circles to attract each other so they can lay eggs together. what it eats, Hawks eat mice, squirrels, rabbits, etc. It is a carnivore. and its natural habitat. Its natural habitat is the wild. Trees, bushes, etc. Describe its dependency upon plants, It builds nests in trees and bushes. upon other animals (including humans), It eats other animals. and how they depend upon it. For food Tell how it is helpful or harmful to humankind. Hawks are helpful because they kill mice and we use them for hunting and food.

4. Do ONE of the following: a. Under the guidance of a nature center or natural history museum, make two study skins of rats or mice. Skin 1: Skin 2: Tell the uses of study skins and mounted specimens respectively. b. Take good pictures of two kinds of mammals in the wild. Record light conditions, film used, exposure, and other factors, including notes on the activities of the pictured animals. Photo 1 Mammal: Dog Charlie                                                      Photo 2 Mammal: Kyle (my brother) Light conditions: Bright                                                                Light conditions: Average Film Used: Digital                                                                          Film Used: Digital Exposure:	 	Exposure: Animal’s Activities: Sleeping on swing                                       Animal’s Activities: Sitting in a chair Other factors: Flash off                                                                Other factors: Flash off

c. Write a life history of a native game mammal that lives in your area, covering the points outlined in requirement 3C. List sources for this information Native Game Animal: White-tailed deer Tell how this mammal lived before its habitat was affected in any way by man. The White-Tailed Deer lived in most forests in the U.S. It was also more populated before it was hunted. Tell how it reproduces, Males are sexually active in the second year and females in their first fall. what it eats, Graze, northern white cede, red maple, hemlock, mountain ash, acorns, beechnuts, and fruits. and its natural habitat. Brush openings, crop fields, wood lots, and wetlands. Describe its dependency upon plants, It eats trees and plants and also uses them as shelter and cover. upon other animals (including man), Man thins out the population and man plants crops that they eat. and how they depend upon it. So they don’t overpopulate or starve. Tell how it is helpful or harmful to man: We thin the populated and we feed them.

d. Make a bait and tracking pit. Report what mammals and other animals came to the bait. e. Visit a natural history museum. Report on how specimens are prepared and cataloged. Explain the purposes of museums. Museums show history and how people before us lived. f. Write a report of 500 words on a book about a mammal species. g. Trace two possible food chains of carnivorous mammals from soil through four stages to the mammal. Possible food chain 1: Soil: Stage 1: Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Possible food chain 2: Soil: Stage 1: Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 5. Working with your counselor, select and carry out one project that will influence the numbers of one or more mammals.

Requirement 2

 * Explain how the animal kingdom is classified. Explain where mammals fit in the classification of animals. Classify three mammals from phylum through species.

Animals (and other organisms, like plants) are classified for several reasons. First of all, the sheer number of species of animals in the world is quite large, and many are un-named or confusingly-named (for example, several different vegetables are called turnips). Thus, a Swedish scientist named Linnaeus created a system to classify organisms based on recognizable traits and used an old, extinct language (Latin) to refer to organisms. He chose Latin because it was rigid in spelling and pronunciation, and so it would enable simple communication between scientists who spoke different languages or dialects.

The modern system of organism-classifying is derived from Linnaeus' system. The science of classifying organisms is called taxonomy. The exact methods of classifying organisms can change as scientists discover new characteristics that separate and unite organisms. For example, science used to classify all organisms into two kingdoms (a kingdom is the largest basic unit of classification), plants, and animals. This was based on a simple formulation -- anything which devoured other organisms was an animal, and anything that did not, was a plant. Eventually, however, scientists decided that this system did not adequately describe reality, and the Fungi were added as a third kingdom. Later still, three kingdoms have been added for various kinds of microscopic organisms like bacteria.

There are seven basic levels of classification. They can be remembered using the mnemonic device King Philip Came Over For Great Soup (the first letter of each word is the first letter of the unit of classification, in order).
 * Kingdom
 * Phylum
 * Class
 * Order
 * Family
 * Genus
 * Species

An example classification for the lion
 * Kingdom: The lion is an animal because it eats other organisms for sustenance. Therefore, it is in the Kingdom Animalia.
 * Phylum: The lion has a spinal cord, and it is thus in the Phylum Chordata.
 * Class: The lion has hair and mammary glands, and gives birth to live young. This makes it a mammal, and a member of the Class Mammalia.
 * Order: The lion is a member of the Order Carnivora because it shares specific characteristics of skull and teeth shape (and not because it is a carnivore).
 * Family: The lion is a cat, and is thus a part of the Family Felidae (Note: all families of mammals end in -idae).
 * Genus: The lion has special characteristics that allow it to roar, and is, therefore, a member of the Genus Panthera.
 * Species: The lion is the species leo of the genus Panthera. The scientific name of a species is both terms combined (e.g. Panthera leo, sometimes abbreviated P. leo).

The above process weeds out successively less similar organisms, so very similar animals like panthers and cheetahs, have the same classification until near the end.

 * Kingdom: Animalia - also includes jellyfish, snakes, mice, wolves, cheetahs, and tigers
 * Phylum: Chordata - also includes snakes, mice, wolves, cheetahs, and tigers
 * Class: Mammalia - also includes mice, wolves, cheetahs, and tigers
 * Order: Carnivora - also includes wolves, cheetahs, and tigers
 * Family: Felidae - also includes cheetahs and tigers
 * Genus: Panthera - also includes tigers
 * Species: leo - is the lion, and includes no other organisms

Requirement 3
''Spend 3 hours in each of two different kinds of natural habitats or at different elevations. List the different mammal species and individual members that you identified by sight or sign. Tell why all mammals do not live in the same kind of habitat.'' ''Spend 3 hours on each of 5 days on at least a 25-acre area. List the mammal species you identified by sight or sign.''

When making these observations, it is best to prepare. Think about what kinds of mammals might be living in the habitat, and how you could see or otherwise find evidence of them. You may be able to find tracks in the ground, or dens or dams, or other physical evidence of mammals.

Mammals do not all live in the same habitat because each species is uniquely adapted for one niche. For example, in a forest, squirrels perform a necessary function, spreading acorns, and thus ensuring that trees' offspring can spread far from the parent plant; squirrels also provide sustenance for predators, such as snakes. No other organism fits into the squirrel's niche, and the squirrel can not function well in any other niche. All species in the forest have a unique niche; mammals that do not have such a niche do not live there -- for example, lions are well-adapted for their role on the savannas, but are not well-suited for a temperate forest.

''From study and reading, write a simple history of one nongame mammal that lives in your area. Tell how this mammal lived before its habitat was affected in any way by man. Tell how it reproduces, what it eats, what eats it, and its natural habitat. Describe its dependency upon plants, upon other animals (including man), and how they depend upon it. Tell how it is helpful or harmful to man.''

A game mammal is one that is widely hunted, such as deer. Most mammals are not game mammals. For help in choosing a mammal, see the list of mammals.

Requirement 4
''Under the guidance of a nature center or natural history museum, make two study skins of rats or mice. Tell the uses of study skins and mounted specimens respectively.'' ''Take good pictures of two kinds of mammals in the wild. Record light conditions, film used, exposure, and other factors, including notes on the activities of the pictured animals.'' ''Write a life history of a native game mammal that lives in your area, covering the points outlined in requirement 3c. List sources for this information.'' ''Make and bait a tracking pit. Report what mammals and other animals came to the bait.'' ''Visit a natural history museum. Report on how specimens are prepared and cataloged. Explain the purposes of museums.'' Write a report of 500 words on a book about a mammal species.

Some classic books about mammal species include:
 * Innocent Killers - by Jane Goodall about spotted hyenas.
 * In the Shadow of Man - by Jane Goodall about chimpanzees

Trace two possible food chains of carnivorous mammals from soil through four stages to the mammal.

A food chain is a hierarchy of organisms which devour each other. Energy can be traced through a food chain, beginning with its source, plants. The first step in a food chain is always a plant (for example, algae), which creates energy using sunlight (see photosynthesis). The algae are then eaten by small microscopic organisms called protists, who are in turn eaten by a squid. The squid is eaten by a seal, and the seal by an orca. The energy produced by the algae can be traced to the orca.

 * algae --> protists --> squid --> seal --> orca

Requirement 5
Work with your counselor, select and carry out one project that will influence the numbers of one or more mammals.

title: Scouting/BSA/Mammal Study Merit Badge


text:
Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing/FAQ

This page accompanies Help:Editing. Included below are questions and answers which have been gleaned from some of the talk pages of the various editing-related Help: pages. If you see a useful answer there or anywhere else, please add it here.

Q: I tried to upload a file. However, I only see a small square with an x in it in the upper left corner. What did I do wrong?
I tried to upload a file. However, there is a small square with an x in the upper left corner; instruct me in any changes, that need to be made.[[Media:[[Example.ogg]]

Q: Can I link to a specific section header if there are multiple section headers of the same name? If so, how?
A: Yes, you can. Each section header, regardless of size or depth, has a number corresponding to how many times that header's name has already appeared on the page. The number is "1" for the very first instance, "2" for the next, "3" for the next, and so on. You can link to each header just like a normal header, but using that number after the header's name (i.e. if there are three headers named "Foo," then the first can be linked to like so:, the second. , and the third, ). Using the number "1" for the first header is generally superfluous, as the software will automatically link to the first header without using the number (i.e. ). If you don't want the number to show, then you have to use a piped link (e.g. Foo ).

If you don't know how many times a given header has already appeared on a page (and thus the number to use), there are two ways to find out.
 * 1) Use the table of contents.
 * If a table of contents appears on the page, click on the header whom you wish to link to. The page will jump to that header. Now, look at the URL. At the end, it will show the ID of the header in question. An example of a URL who has just been linked to a header, whose name has already appeared twice (and so is the third instance), and whose name is "Foo:"
 * http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Example_article#Foo_3
 * The header link at the end of the URL shows that to link to this header, you would use.
 * 1) Look at the source.
 * While looking at the source, first find the section you're looking for, and then look at its ID tags. It will show the number in that tag. An example for a header, whose name has already appeared once (and so is the second instance), and whose name is "Foo:"
 *
 * Foo
 * The ID and name tags (the ones that say "a name=" and "id=") show that this header can be linked to with.

Q: How do I get a page deleted?
For example, if I'm done fooling around with some sandbox pages created as sub-pages of my Wikiverity user page, how do I get them deleted? The Help mentions "contacting an administrator", but if there is a list of admins somewhere, I was unable to find it. The wikipedia "VfD" approach does not seem to be implemented on Wikiversity, so I'm at a loss.

A: Please see: Please delete my page (or Requests for Deletion)

Q: How do I archive my User Page?
A: Four possibilities are:
 * 1) move talk page to page like User:a/b (history is now in this archive)
 * 2) move page contents to such a page (history is still in the regular talk page)
 * 3) just delete content (it is still in the history, but one can less easily search in that text) -- Patrick 14:32, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Use a link to an earlier version of the page in its history. It does not require creating "sub pages" for archives. You can see an example at wikibooks:Talk:Wikijunior_Solar_System/Solar_System.
 * 5) *Click on the history tab
 * 6) **Click on the first version listed there
 * 7) **Copy the URL from the address bar. Let's say it is http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?User_talk:a&oldid=12345
 * 8) *Edit your talk page.
 * 9) **Delete all the stuff you want to remove from the current version of your talk page.
 * 10) **Link to the archive version as Sept 2005 archive
 * 11) **Save the new version of your page.

Q: Can I put preformatted text inside a numbered list?
A: Yes, if you use the HTML <ol> and <li> tags and the <pre> tag like this:

Q: Can I generate a frame-like structure on a Wiki page?
(I have a chart generated dynamically in Bugzilla and I would like to display it within my Wiki page.)

A: No

Q: Can I make transparent borders and rules on a table?
A: Yes.
 * That's a tough one because there is no "cellborder" directive for the table style. You can play with the BORDER and RULE attributes of table, but it seems that you cannot rely upon your browser to interpret that stuff the way you want it.

 * I think the easiest way to write this is using wiki table notation with a different background for the table and for each row.

title: Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing/FAQ


text:
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Computing/2015 February 2

= February 2 =

Which file stores the SORT ORDER of the "Favorites Bar" (Bookmarks bar) for InternetExplorer v11(Windows 7) ?
Somehow the sort order of my IE Favorites Bar sometimes switches to Alphabetical (which in my case pushes the really useful favorites-bar-buttons out of the screen) ;-( Therefore I want to make a backup copy of the sort order that I myself have chosen to put them in. So far I have found out that the links themselves are stored in the folder: C:\Users\\Favorites\Links  (and that the (latter) real folder name: "Links" in some cases appears as "Favorites Bar" instead.) But where and how is the links' sort order stored? Could you please give me some clues to solving my problem? --  <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:07, 2 February 2015 (UTC)

Flex band(?) of a cellphone
Hello everyone, My cellphone is broken and I know exactly what it has. The flex band(? don't know if that is the right word in English) of the slide-Out keyboardgot broken. I have been searching on the internet but I don't know the exact term to look for it. Can someone give me a hint or something? The phone is a Samsung Galaxy Appeal SGH-i827  Miss Bono  [hello, hello!]  15:59, 2 February 2015 (UTC)
 * a ribbon cable, or a flexible flat cable? — LongHairedFop (talk) 16:29, 2 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Those phones are selling on eBay with "Buy It Now" prices around $40   You could probably bid on one and get it for less than that.   There are a few non-functioning SHG i827's on eBay for $9.99 .  It's possible that those might have broken keyboard sliders - but it's more likely that they have dead batteries or cracked screens and that the keyboard slider part that you need would be usable.   I find it hard to believe that a spare parts reseller would sell you any replacement part for as little as $10.

 * How confident are you that you could replace the part if you had it? Cellphones are notoriously difficult to disassemble and reassemble - and the parts inside are amazingly fiddly.  You might just be better off buying a refurbished one for $40 and using the one you have now for spare parts in the future.

 * I admire your goal of repairing this phone though - more people should think about repairing otherwise perfectly good electronics rather than just tossing them out for the next shiney thing! SteveBaker (talk) 16:40, 2 February 2015 (UTC)

 * It was a gift and I like pretty much my cellphone. Comparing it to my old Motorola Z3 which is the one I am using until I get the other one fixed. I can repare it. It is not a big deal, I just need to find the FFC. I have repaired a few cellphones and iPods and computers.  Miss Bono  [hello, hello!]  16:52, 2 February 2015 (UTC)

 * SteveBaker, I found the FFC on eBay. Thanks for the link :D. You are a darling!  Miss Bono  [hello, hello!]  17:01, 2 February 2015 (UTC)

 * It says "AT&T Galaxy Appeal Samsung I827 Ear Earpiece Speaker Light Sensor Flex Cable", I don't know if this would work for the screen or just for the audio. When the phone started to break it started also with trouble in the speaker and the proximity sensor. I just don't want to spend the money for nothing. Any advice or suggestion or opinion?  Miss Bono  [hello, hello!]  19:55, 3 February 2015 (UTC)

 * It's hard to know - but you initially said that your keyboard was the problem. If other subsystems are also failing, then all bets are off - who knows what underlying problem is manifesting with all of these symptoms.   IMHO, (and as I said before) - you should spend $10 on a non-working phone and have replacement parts for absolutely everything except the one thing that failed on that phone.   If you can find one where the description says that the screen is cracked - then that would be best because it's highly likely that the cracked screen is the only thing wrong with it - which means that all of the other parts are probably working perfectly.   At that point, you could take the screen from your phone and put it into the broken phone and be fairly sure that everything will work OK...or you can replace parts in your phone one at a time from the broken one until everything works.

 * However, BEWARE, phones are insanely complicated little contraptions and just taking one apart and getting it back together again can be a challenge.  So you need a certain confidence that you can do this successfully.  Hence, my backup advice is that this phone is not the latest, greatest thing anymore - so they are getting very cheap on the second-hand market.  I found lots of perfectly good examples on eBay for $40 - and that's probably a good deal when compared to the risk of spending money on parts for your current phone and then failing to fix it or making matters worse. SteveBaker (talk) 15:46, 5 February 2015 (UTC)

Canadian Based Internet Providers
I have a list of Canadian internet providers, but have been unable to verify if any one of them is completely Canadian based....i.e., Canadian owned, operated and with all servers, etc. in Canada.

Does anyone have that<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:50, 2 February 2015 (UTC) information?

Media folder in Ubuntu 12.04
Hello again guys! I have a problem with some USB ports in a computer. The PC doesn't recognize any flash memory. So, when I go to the media folder in the root, it doesn't even show the folder of the user, which has to be there. Someone knows anything about this? Thanks in advance. I restarted the pc, tried some code lines... and nothing works.  Miss Bono  [hello, hello!]  21:21, 2 February 2015 (UTC)

 * According to this your first option is to sudo apt get install usbmount which should enable auto-mounting of USB devices. If not, then follow these instructions on how to manually mount a USB device. RegistryKey(RegEdit) 23:12, 2 February 2015 (UTC)

 * THank you. I will try this asap  Miss Bono  [hello, hello!]  19:50, 3 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Guatemalan Democratic Vanguard

Guatemalan Democratic Vanguard (Vanguardia Democrática Guatemalteca) was a left-wing group in Guatemala. The VDG was founded on 28 September 1947 by a faction of the Revolutionary Action Party (PAR). The leader of the VDG was José Manuel Fortuny. The group had Marxist inspiration, and operated a semi-clandestine fashion. It supported urban and rural labour movements.

In 1949, the VDG broke with the PAR and constituted the Communist Party of Guatemala (PCG).

title: Guatemalan Democratic Vanguard


text:
Galactic evolution

Data from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) Mission (launched April 28, 2003)

GALEX project information
GALEX is the first Space Ultraviolet sky survey. Data from two wavelengths of light (135-175 nm and 175-280 nm) are being collected and made public. The measured UV properties of galaxies will be used to estimate star formation rates in galaxies. The goal is to map the history of star formation in the universe over the red shift range zero to two. The GALEX mission includes an Associate Investigator program for supporting data analysis. GALEX data are available in a large archive available to the entire astronomical community and to the general public. This supports a wide variety of investigations of the data from the UV sky survey.

Data

 * GALEX data

title: Galactic evolution


text:
Talk:Neubrügg

External links modified (February 2018)
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title: Talk:Neubrügg


text:
Krystal Weir

Krystal Weir (born 15 January 1985) is an Australian sailor. She finished tenth at the 2008 Summer Olympics. She was selected to represent Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in sailing in the Women's Laser Radial class event, where she finished in twelfth.

Personal
Weir was born on 15 January 1985 in Melbourne, Victoria and spent her childhood in Victoria. , she lives in Melbourne, Victoria.

Weir is 168 cm tall and weighs 65 kg.

Sailing
Weir is a sailor and has been described by as "Australia's glamour girl in the world of sailing". She started sailing as an eleven-year-old at the Elwood Sailing Club. She was coached by Lex Bertrand and is now coached by Laura Baldwin who became her coach in 2011. She has a sailing scholarship with the Victorian Institute of Sport,  and is a member of the Sandringham Yacht Club. Part of her past training included being thrown overboard by her then coach into Port Phillip Bay. It also included trying to collect tennis balls, ping pong balls and straws that were thrown into the water by her coach while not tipping her boat over. She arrived in London a month before the start of the Games in order to better prepare.

Weir won a World Championship in 2004 in the Laser Radial class. She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the three-crew Yngling team, where she finished tenth alongside teammates Karyn Gojnich and Angela Farrell. She originally was not named to the team, only making the event after another sailor injured herself in a mountain biking accident.

At the 2011 ISAF Sailing World Cup in Melbourne, Weir finished third. In 2012, she spent three months competing in Europe. At the 2012 ISAF Sailing World Cup in the Netherlands, she came in first in round five in the Laser Radial class. At a 2012 ISAF Sailing World Cup event, she came in second. At the 2012 Skandia Sail for Gold Regatta, she finished eighth in the Women's Laser Radial class.

Weir was selected to represent Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in sailing in the Women's Laser Radial class event.

title: Krystal Weir


text:
Talk:Jedit X

Untitled
The Jedit page says in development since 1998. Which is correct?
 * both; they're two totally different apps —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:13, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jedit X


text:
User:INTERESTINGBRILLIANT/sandbox

WELCOME TO OUR SANDBOX. OUR INTERESTS ARE THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY AND DISNEY LLAND AND DISNEY STORE BECAUSE THEY ARE BRILLIANT COMPANIES. WE ARE NOT A OFFICIAL COMPANY HOWEVER OUR WEBSITES ALL HAVE OUR OWN PERSONAL OPPINIONS AND RECCOMENDATIONS ON WHAT WE LIKE. THANK YOU FOR READING AND HOPEFULLY OUR CONTRIBUTIONS TO WIKIPEDIA WILL BE USEFUL.

title: User:INTERESTINGBRILLIANT/sandbox


text:
Talk:David Kay

Ricin
Regarding this statement...

"In an interview with National Public Radio, however, Kay revealed that Iraq had been working on weaponizing ricin up until Operation Iraqi Freedom."

The final, published report does not support this claim. Here are the relevant passages...

 * The IIS had a series of laboratories that conducted biological work including research into BW agents for assassination purposes until the mid-1990s. ISG has not been able to establish the scope and nature of the work at these laboratories or determine whether any of the work was related to military development of BW agent.

 * Under the aegis of the intelligence service, a secretive team developed assassination instruments using poisons or toxins for the Iraqi state. [...] The aim was probably the development of poisons, including ricin and aflatoxin to eliminate or debilitate the Regime's opponents.

 * The evidence surrounding Iraq's investigation of ricin for BW purposes is unclear, and thus ISG can offer no definitive conclusion. It is clear that Baghdad had weaponized ricin in at least a limited fashion prior to the first Gulf war. There is at least some evidence of post-war IIS involvement in ricin research and possible human testing, but ISG developed no definitive information with which to confirm reports of post-war production.

 * ISG has investigated claims from several sources that work on ricin toxin continued well past 1992, possibly until the beginning of OIF. The information that ISG obtained on the potential role of ricin in Iraq's BW program post 1991 has primarily been based on single source reporting of unclear veracity.

I can't provide specific page numbers because I'm quoting from a plain text version of the report. ~ smb 23:14, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

RfC: Is the lead section fine?
This entry requires for a lead section edit. I tried to sum up important key-points. Is it ok to remove the "Lead Section" Template? Dastephi (talk) 15:00, 7 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Support removing the lead section tag. Though it still may require some cleanup, the lead is adequate. Meatsgains (talk) 23:29, 10 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Comment - An RfC is not needed for this. There's not even been an attempt to discuss it on the talk page, which should be the first step. Or, if you've addressed the reason for the tag's placement (in this case, a lead that's too short), you can feel free to remove it yourself. If someone disagrees, they'll restore it and you can talk through how to proceed. RfC is a much later step and probably won't be necessary. --—  Rhododendrites talk  \\ 22:46, 11 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Follow-up - The lead was much improved over what was there before, so thanks for working to improve it. There were still some issues, though. We don't typically include honorifics or academic titles (Dr., Ph.D.). It's also best to give a statement of "definition" of sorts of who the person is right up front (rather than that they're best known for something). Finally, I tried to present aspects of his career with due weight to their presence in reliable sources and in the article. --—  Rhododendrites talk  \\ 23:44, 11 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Summoned here by RfC bot. Right now I don't see anything wrong with the lead paragraph. Is this still a live issue? Coretheapple (talk) 18:30, 12 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Remove the tag and remove "best" from "best known". Collect (talk) 00:06, 19 January 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Kay


text:
User:Chalicotheremin

Elon Musk's favorite movie is definitely Ghostbusters 2.

And here's his favorite song...!

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Kfkf9Xy2bSc

title: User:Chalicotheremin


text:
Tom Söderman

Tom-Christian Leander Söderman (3 April 1936, in Helsinki – 14 April 2015, in Helsinki) was a Finnish diplomat and journalist.

From 1956 to 1959 and from 1960 to 1961 Söderman was a reporter of the Finnish News Agency and from 1961 to 1963 he was a reporter of Finnish Broadcasting Company. He moved to a Diplomatic career and worked in Stockholm in 1963-1967 as a contributing Press Stance and in 1971-1975 as the corresponding Press Stance. As a press council, Söderman worked from 1975 to 1977 in Stockholm and from 1977 to 1984 in London.

In Stockholm, he sought to present opinions during the Cold War to support Finland's foreign policy. Söderman was the press officer of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs 1985-1988, the Consul General of Gothenburg 1988-1993 and the Ambassador to Reykjavik 1993-2000.

After his diplomatic career, Söderman worked as a freelance writer. He regularly wrote columns on Swedish Utrikesbloggen and cultural newspapers to Nya Argus. Together with Camilla Lindberg he wrote the book Röster från Rosala (Schildt, 2007).

title: Tom Söderman


text:
Talk:Flyby of Io with Repeat Encounters

Not proposed for 2017 New Frontiers program; ASRG not ready before 2028
There are two issues with this article, and I am uncertain how to address either of them.
 * 1. The introduction mentions the New Frontiers program, claiming it competes for New Frontiers 4 (2017). This is not correct. FIRE not only didn't make the final (now Dragonfly versus CAESAR), but the team has never submitted a proposal to compete for the program (see list of submitted mission concepts here). My guess is that's because the mission didn't fit into any of the six possible mission schemes. It remains possible that FIRE is realised as a New Frontiers mission at a later round.
 * 2. The selection of ASRG as a power source, as proposed in 2012, is questionable since the ASRG development contract was cancelled by NASA in 2013. ASRG's are not expected to fly before 2028, making a launch in 2024 impossible.--Renerpho (talk) 21:29, 11 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Good feedback. I think I fixed that in the article now. Cheers, BatteryIncluded (talk) 22:29, 11 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Flyby of Io with Repeat Encounters


text:
User:Austingwatson/sandbox

Austin Geoffrey Watson Registered Professional Engineer, Electrical, State of Washington 1983 born September 3, 1953 in Washington DC discovered tin whisker issue infecting Americas new ICBM system in the 1980’s. founded TTCX - The Test Company in Bellevue, Washington in 1997. lives in Seattle, Washington

title: User:Austingwatson/sandbox


text:
Category:User en-1

Category:User en-N: Users whose native language is English

Category:User en-3: Users with advanced and fluent level of English

Category:User en-2: Users with intermediate level of English

Category:User en-1: Users with basic level of English

title: Category:User en-1


text:
Cookbook:Cuisine of Hungary

| European cuisines

Hungarian cooking Traditional Hungarian cuisine relies on a wide variety of high quality ingredients produced in the country including meats, seasonal vegetables, fruits and honey.

Here are some recipes:
 * Goulash Stew (pörkölt)
 * Goulash Soup (gulyás leves)
 * Paprika Chicken (paprikás csirke)
 * Rackott Krumpli (rakott krumpli), potato casserole
 * Silvash Gombotz (szilvás gombóc), plum dumplings
 * Vanilla Kifli, crescent-shaped sweet pastry

Starters

Soup is the quintessential Hungarian starter, and there are literally hundreds of types including cold fruit soups in summer. Another Hungarian speciality is various types of entrails, tripe or particularly pork, duck and goose liver. (foie gras - goose liver). Main Dishes

Various types of meats are key to many main dishes, particularly pork, beef and chicken. Two breeds unique to Hungary are the Mangalica pig and the Grey long-horned cattle. Game meats such as venison, vild goose, pheasant and wild boar are also common. Freshwater fish such as trout, pike, perch and carp are used in Hungarian cuisine. Potatoes are the usual accompaniment to many dishes, but rice, egg barley, dumplings and pasta are also used. Onions, garlic caravay, parsley and fresh or ground paprika add flavour to many dishes.

Desserts and Cakes

Hungarians are passionate about their desserts and cakes. A typical dessert is pancakes stuffed with jam, sweet curd cheese or the Gundel pankake, hazelnut puree and served with chocolate sauce. Hungarian cakes tend to be very sweet and are often laced with cream. Famous examples include Dobos and Esterhazy Cakes. Strudel is as much a Hungarian as an Austrian dish, and is typically filled with apple, sour cherries, curd cheese or poppy seeds.

title: Cookbook:Cuisine of Hungary


text:
User:Electricrockerr/sandbox

Janet Jackson has proven herself to be an icon and legend in the music industry. She is regarded to be one of the most significant artists in pop culture history. Having sold over 160 million records worldwide, she remains to be one of the best selling artists of all time.

The evolution of Janet Jackson's Career

Other than her incredible impact on the music industry, Janet Jackson has been known as the youngest child of the Jackson family, and one of the three sisters. Her older brothers already made a name for themselves in the music industry, with the Jackson 5, later named The Jacksons, had 4 consecutive number one hits, and 11 top ten hits on the Billboard Hot 100. Their debut album, Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5, sold over 5 million copies worldwide, and they became huge names in the industry throughout the 70s. But in 1976, in a time when The Jacksons Variety show started airing, Janet made her television debut on an episode of the show. She appeared on several tv shows throughout the late 70s and 80s, such as Diff'rent Strokes, and Good Times. But Janet had desires of following her brothers into the music business.

In 1982, Janet released her self titled debut album with the help of her father Joe Jackson. It reached number 63 on the Billboard 200, and spawned two Hot 100 entries including Young Love which peaked at number 64 and Come Give Your Love To Me which peaked at number 57. The album sold 250,000 copies in the US, and 400,000 copies worldwide. Although not Janet's breakthrough album, it marked a start to her career.

Aside from acting on several TV shows during the start of Janet's Music career, in 1983, at a time when her older brother Michael Jackson became a massive pop star and one of the most iconic artists of the 80s with the release of his albums Off The Wall and Thriller which became the best selling album of all time, Janet and her sister La Toya Jackson provided backup vocals on Michael's song PYT (Pretty Young Thing), and Janet was also a dancing zombie in the music video for Thriller.

In 1984, Janet released her second album Dream Street, again with the help of her father. It reached number 167 on the Billboard 200, and didn't do as well as her previous album. It sold 250,000 copies in the US, the same as her previous album, but all of the album's singles failed to chart on the Hot 100.

In 1986, after parting business with her father and meeting producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Janet released her third album Control in 1986. And the album became a huge success, hitting Number 1 on the Billboard 200, and selling 6 million copies in the US and over 10 million copies worldwide. The album spawned five top 5 hits, including Janet's first ever number one hit, When I Think Of You, which spent 2 weeks at number one. The album was considered a significant landmark in her career and inspired a new generation of stars, such as Beyonce, Rihanna, Aalayiah, and many more who cited Janet as a huge influence in their careers.

In 1989, Janet released her fourth album and followup to Control, Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814. The album went to Number 1, becoming her second consecutive album to reach Number One, and also sold 8 million copies in the US and over 12 million copies worldwide. It made history when it spawned seven top 5 hits, the most out of any album in history, four of which hit Number 1. Including Miss You Much which spent 4 weeks at number 1 and became the longest running number 1 of 1989, Escapade which spent 3 weeks at number 1, Black Cat which spent 1 week at number 1, and Love Will Never do (Without You) which spent 1 week at number 1. Janet became the first artist in history to have Number 1 hits from the same album in a span of 3 years, as Miss You Much reached number 1 in 1989, Escapade and Black Cat reached number 1 in 1990, and Love Will Never Do (Without You) reached number 1 in 1991. Apart from those number 1 hits, the album's title track Rhythm Nation and its music video remains to be one of the best choreographed and most iconic music videos of all time. Janet was also praised for tackling social issues in her music as well. This album certified her as a true icon and success in the industry.

In 1991, around the time Love Will Never Do was widely successful, Janet left A&M Records and signed a new record deal with Virgin Records. At the time, it was the largest recording contract in history, being worth around 50 million dollars, which is a huge accomplishment, especially for a black woman.

In 1993, Janet released her fifth album, janet. The title's meaning was to drop her last name as a statement, as she has mentioned she wanted to make a name for herself apart from her being part of one of the biggest music families of all time. The album was groundbreaking, and Janet established herself as a sex symbol with the release of the album, and from there on out, Janet was not afraid to express her sexuality, something that very few female artists were doing at the time. The album debuted at number 1, becoming her first album to debut at number 1 and the second album by a female artist in history to debut at number 1, just after Whitney Houston's 1987 self titled album Whitney. The album became her 3rd consecutive album to hit number 1. It also sold 350,000 copies in its first week, becoming the highest first week sales by a female artist ever at that time. It spawned four top 5 hits and six top 10 hits, two of which hit number 1. Including That's The Way Love Goes which spent 8 weeks at number 1, tieing with Mariah Carey's Dreamlover as the second running number 1 hit of 1993, both behind Whitney Houston's I Will Always Love You, which spent 9 weeks at number one, and Again which spent 2 weeks at number 1. The album sold 8 million copies in the US, and over 20 million copies worldwide, becoming her best selling album to date as well as one of the best selling albums of all time.

In 1997, Janet released her sixth album The Velvet Rope. The album debuted at number 1, becoming her second consecutive album to debut at number 1, and her 4th consecutive album to hit number 1. It also spawned two more top 5 hits, including the number 1 hit Together Again which spent 2 weeks at number 1, but the song was also praised, as the song helped people getting through tough times such as losing loved ones, but the song was actually about Janet losing a friend to aids, which is why after the release of The Velvet Rope, some called her a gay icon. The album sold 3 million copies in the US and over 10 million copies worldwide.

In 2001, Janet released her seventh studio album All For You. It debuted at number 1, becoming Janet's 3rd consecutive album to debut at number 1, and her 5th consecutive album to reach number 1. The album spawned three top 5 hits, 2 of which hit number 1, Doesn't Really Matter which spent 3 weeks at number 1, and the album's title track All For You which spent 7 weeks at number 1, becoming the longest running number 1 of 2001, and as it went on to dominate the world, breaking several airplay records, and being played on radio stations all over the world, unsurprisingly it became the biggest hit of 2001. It debuted at number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the highest debuting single in history that was not commercially available in the United States. The album went on to sell 3 million copies in the US, and over 7 million copies worldwide.

Janet Jackson's impact was massive, and she became a pop icon upon the massive success of her career. The same year of All For You, Janet received several honorific awards, including MTV Icon, and the Billboard Artist Achievement Award.

After the huge success of her career, spawning 10 number 1 hits, 27 top 10 hits, and 5 consecutive number 1 albums, and 18 consecutive top 10 hits, the most out of any female artist in history, a record that still hasn't been broken today, it was only fitting that Janet Jackson would take the stage to perform at the Super Bowl Halftime Show in 2004. It was overall a great performance, however the one moment, which remains to be one of the most infamous moments in TV history, was when Janet Jackson brought out Justin Timberlake at the end of the show, and Timberlake tore off a piece of Jackson's clothing, revealing her jewelry adorned nipple to millions of viewers. Naturally, the media exploded with controversy following the incident, and Janet issued an apology 24 hours later, while right after the performance, Justin said, "Hey Man, we love all giving you something to talk about". Although releasing his apology shortly after Janet's, Timberlake's apology was not as sincere, and his career catapulted from the incident as well as his breakup with Britney Spears. But Janet's career wouldn't be the same again. Viacom which owns CBS, MTV, Infinity broadcasting, and many other companies enforced a blacklist of Janet Jackson's songs and music videos following the incident. Her music videos did not appear on MTV at the time and many other radio stations stopped playing her songs. This made it that much harder to promote her next album, which was slated to outsell her previous album All For You. Janet was also banned from the 46th Annual Grammy Awards the following week, where she was originally supposed to perform a tribute to Luther Vandross. While Timberlake was not only allowed to attend the ceremony, but he was even given the opportunity to perform. Justin Timberlake's career skyrocketed following the incident, while Janet Jackson's career stalled.

In 2004, Janet released her 8th album Damita Jo. The album debuted and peaked at number 2 on the Billboard 200 and sold 1 million copies in the US and 2.4 million copies worldwide, becoming her first album to miss number 1 since her self-titled debut and her sophomore album Dream Street. It also became her lowest selling album since that time. However, having a top 2 album is still an accomplishment, but the album's singles underperformed. The album's lead single Just A Little While peaked at number 45 on the billboard hot 100 becoming her first hot 100 entry to miss the top 20 since her first two unsuccessful albums. The album's second single I want you peaked at number 57, and the album's final commercial single All Nite (Don't Stop) failed to chart on the hot 100. The Super Bowl Halftime Show Controversy heavily impacted the underperformance of Damita Jo and Jackson's following albums.

In 2006, Janet released her 9th album 20 Y.O. The album debuted and peaked at number 2 on the billboard 200, and the album's lead single Call On Me, a collaboration with rapper Nelly, peaked at number 25 on the billboard hot 100. However, the album's second single So Excited peaked at number 90. The subsequent single With U was released as a promotional single, and not a commercial single, therefore making it ineligible to chart on the hot 100. The album sold 680,000 copies in the US and 1.5 million copies worldwide, becoming her lowest selling album yet, however along with Damita Jo, it remains one of her most underrated albums.

In 2008, Janet released her 10th album Discipline. Upon the release of the album, after around 17 years with Virgin Records, she left the label and signed with Island Records, as Discipline marked her first and only album released under Island Records. It also marked the first time Janet didn't work with long time producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. The album debuted at number 1, becoming her first album to hit number 1 since 2001's All For You. It became her fourth album to debut at number 1, and her sixth number 1 album. The album's lead single Feedback peaked at number 19 on the billboard hot 100, becoming her highest charting single since 2001's Someone To Call My Lover. However, the album's other singles failed to chart, and the album sold 460,000 copies in the US, and around 1 million copies worldwide. However due to the album's low sales, Janet decided to part ways with Island Records shortly after the release.

In 2009, Janet had a tough time, as all of the Jacksons did, when Janet's older brother Michael Jackson passed away. She took a 7 year hiatus from her music career, and focused a bit more on her acting career, starring in several films like Why Did I Get Married Too and and Four Colored Girls. She met muslim business man Wissiam Al Mana, which she married in 2012. But in recent years, it seems that it was also an unhealthy and controlling marriage.

In 2015, Janet released her 11th album Unbreakable, marking her first release in seven years. For the album, she reunited with long time producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and launched her own label Rhythm Nation, before releasing the Unbreakable Album under the label. It debuted at number 1 and became Janet's 7th number one album. With the album, Janet became the third artist in history to have number one albums from the last four decades. The album's lead single No Sleeep peaked at number 63 on the billboard hot 100. The album's second single and title track Unbreakable failed to chart on the hot 100, as well as the album's final single Damnn Baby. The album sold 250,000 copies in the US and just under 1 million copies worldwide.

Though the Super Bowl Halfime Show severely impacted her success following, Janet Jackson still remains to be a celebrated legend in the music industry, in 2018 she won several icon awards including the Billboard Icon Award at the 2018 Billboard Music Awards, and the Global Icon Award at the 2018 MTV Europe Music Awards. In February 2020, Janet also announced the release of her new album Black Diamond, and the Black Diamond Tour. However the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted these tour dates, and Janet has not addressed when the album will be released or when the tour will continue. But Janet's legacy remains to live on and Janet Jackson remains to be one of the biggest pop icons and one of the most significant in pop culture.

title: User:Electricrockerr/sandbox


text:
Talk:David Satcher

-removed some vandalism —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:40, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

Vacancy?
The infobox says that his term began on 13 February 1998, and he was preceded by Audrey F. Manley, whose term ended in either 1993 or 1997 (her article is very unclear about that). Does that mean the office was vacant for a while? If so, it would be notable, and the article should explain it. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:09, 16 March 2011 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 13:00, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:David Satcher


text:
Caseneuve

Caseneuve (Canòva) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

Geography
The river Calavon forms the commune's south-western border.

title: Caseneuve


text:
Bernard David Gallagher

Bernard David Gallagher (July 22, 1925 – October 1, 2003 ) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan, Canada. He represented Yorkton from 1960 to 1971 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Liberal.

He was born in Yorkton, Saskatchewan, the son of Fergal Gallagher and Alberta O'Toole, both of Irish descent, and was educated in Yorkton. In 1949, he married Dorothy Jean Lang.

title: Bernard David Gallagher


text:
User:William Avery Bot

Completed tasks

 * Move pages for mollusc species that are already categorised by year of description to the appropriate "Molluscs described in..." or "Gastropods described in..." category. (William Avery Bot BRFA)

 * Changes to non-gastropod molluscs currently placed in animal categories
 * Changes to gastropod molluscs currently placed in animal or mollusc categories

 * Remove dead URLs and associated Dead link tagging from CS1 templates if there is a free alternative available via an identifier. (William Avery Bot 3 BRFA)
 * Edits

 * Sort tables of draft picks in articles under Category:Lists of National Football League draftees by college football team that have been tagged with Chronological into chronological order, and remove the Chronological tag. (William Avery Bot 4 BRFA)
 * Edits

Ongoing tasks

 * Adding a parameter ('fish', 'insect', etc) to template .(William Avery Bot 2 BRFA)

Current BRFAs
Convert tables that use plain row headers to use TemplateStyles (William Avery Bot 5 BRFA)

Wikidata

 * d:User:William Avery Bot - runs the TaxonBarSyncerBot

title: User:William Avery Bot


text:
Παρύσατις

Etymology
From, a variant of.

Proper noun

 * : Parysatis
 * 1) wife of Hystaspes and mother of
 * 2) daughter of  and Andia and wife of her step-brother  and mother of  and
 * 3) youngest daughter of, whom  married after Roxane and at the same time as

title: Παρύσατις


text:
Agneta Pleijel

Agneta Pleijel (born 1940) is a Swedish novelist, poet, playwright, journalist and literary critic. Among her plays are Ordning härskar i Berlin from 1979. Among her novels are Vindspejare from 1987 and Drottningens chirurg from 2006. She has been a professor at Dramatiska Institutet since 1992. She was awarded the Dobloug Prize in 1991 and the Swedish Academy Nordic Prize in 2018.

title: Agneta Pleijel


text:
Talk:Boundary-work

Applications in multiple fields
This entry could benefit from adding examples and applications in multiple fields. The current examples were just citations of work that use the concept boundary-work. I think that applications can lift the article to show how the concept has been used. --MexFin (talk) 07:22, 25 August 2022 (UTC)

More than one viewpoint
I added the toofewopinions template because this article only focuses on Gieryn's original concept, and completely ignores the way boundary-work is used in multiple fields. Maybe other editors can bring their expertise to enrich this article with perspectives from its use in multiple fields --MexFin (talk) 07:29, 25 August 2022 (UTC)

Relation to concepts on boundary bridging
While SL Stars boundary object get a brief mention, it currently does not mention the realated concept of "trading zones" Simulo (talk) 20:56, 18 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Boundary-work


text:
Structural engineering/Introduction

Introduction to Structural Engineering
Let's review some of the definitions given by structural engineers about this sacred profession.

The Institution of Structural Engineers says: "Structural engineering is the science and art of designing and making, with economy and elegance, buildings, bridges, frameworks and other similar structures so that they can safely resist the forces to which they may be subjected."

Another popular description amongst engineers is: Structural engineering is the art of molding materials we don’t wholly understand, into shapes we can’t fully analyze, so as to withstand forces we can’t really assess, in such a way that the community at large has no reason to suspect the extent of our ignorance. -Unknown

The College of Structural Engineering of Engineers Australia provides a brief description of structural engineering:

 * Structural Engineering is concerned with the research, planning, design, construction, inspection, monitoring, maintenance, rehabilitation and demolition of permanent and temporary structures, as well as structural systems and their components. It also considers the technical, economic, environmental, aesthetic and social aspects of structures.

 * Structures can include buildings, bridges, in-ground structures, footings, frameworks and space frames, including those for motor vehicles, space vehicles, ships, aeroplanes and cranes. They can be composed of any structural material including composites and novel materials.

 * Structural engineering is a creative profession that makes a significant contribution to infrastructure, industry, as well as residential and recreational developments.

 * Structural engineers carry out strength calculations and prepare drawings of structures to ensure they are strong enough to avoid collapse when loaded. The most common structures dealt with are buildings and bridges, but tunnels, walls to hold back earth embankments, large tanks and silos as well as mining structures, also form part of a structural engineer's work. Specialist areas include oil drilling platforms and associated infrastructure, shipbuilding and aircraft design.

 * Structural engineers generally work in teams and look at the way a structure is to be built. They ensure buildings are strong enough to withstand natural forces and loads imposed by the nature of its use. Through research and the testing of both form and material, new solutions are developed which promote safer, more environmentally friendly buildings and structures.

 * Some structural engineers work in the design of structures (carrying out the strength calculations and supervising drawings), others specialise in the building of structures and some work in research. Structural engineers commonly work with architects, builders, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineers to ensure that all parts of the structure are safe and capable of fulfilling their intended function. They also make sure structures use appropriate materials efficiently.

Pre-requisites
International bachelor degree qualification in Civil Engineering with strong background in relevant structural engineering subjects.

Course Content

 * Reinforced Concrete Design
 * Structural Steel Design
 * Structural Timber Design
 * Advanced Solid Mechanics
 * Structural Analysis 1: Static Methods
 * Structural Analysis 2: Plasticity in Structures
 * Structural Analysis 2: Dynamics of Strutures
 * Wind Engineering
 * Earthquake Engineering
 * Analysis and Design of Buildings
 * Computer Aided Analysis and Design

title: Structural engineering/Introduction


text:
Discrete Mathematics/Introduction

The subject of mathematics is commited to rigorous reasoning. This book aims to raise your confidence in the manipulation and interpretation of formal notations, as well as to train you to solve problems that are fundamentally discrete: problems like chess, in which the moves you make are exact; problems where fields like calculus fail because there's no continuity; problems that appear frequently in games, puzzles, and computer science.

We hope you'll enjoy discovering discrete mathematics here, and we hope you'll find this a good reference for quickly picking up the details you may forget.

Notice to contributors: If you wish to contribute images of any kind that contains labels, please use the Arial font, italic, at 16pts for consistency.

title: Discrete Mathematics/Introduction


text:
User:Akashperi

This is the user page for Akash Peri

It was created as part of CS 5306 under Haym Hirsh at Cornell University.

title: User:Akashperi


text:
Talk:Artemio Precioso Ugarte

Categories
I removed the following two categories since there is no basis for them in the article. However there is apparently a longer Spanish article, and they may well have come from there in a translation. ;Category:Immigrants to Czechoslovakia ;Category:Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in the Soviet Union I have no objection to restoring them if the associated narrative is translated Elinruby (talk) 09:14, 30 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Artemio Precioso Ugarte


text:
Trigonometry/Law of Cosines

Law of Cosines

The Pythagorean theorem is a special case of the more general theorem relating the lengths of sides in any triangle, the law of cosines:
 * $$a^2+b^2-2ab\cos(\theta)=c^2$$

where $$\theta$$ is the angle between sides $$a$$ and $$b$$.

Does the formula make sense?
This formula had better agree with the Pythagorean Theorem when $$\theta=90^\circ$$.

So try it...

When $$\theta=90^\circ$$, $$\cos(\theta)=\cos(90^\circ)=0$$

The $$-2ab\cos(\theta)=0$$ and the formula reduces to the usual Pythagorean theorem.

Permutations
For any triangle with angles $$A,B,C$$ and corresponding opposite side lengths $$a,b,c$$, the Law of Cosines states that
 * $$a^2=b^2+c^2-2bc\cdot\cos(A)$$
 * $$b^2=a^2+c^2-2ac\cdot\cos(B)$$
 * $$c^2=a^2+b^2-2ab\cdot\cos(C)$$

Proof

Dropping a perpendicular $$OC$$ from vertex $$C$$ to intersect $$AB$$ (or $$AB$$ extended) at $$O$$ splits this triangle into two right-angled triangles $$AOC$$ and $$BOC$$, with altitude $$h$$ from side $$c$$.

First we will find the lengths of the other two sides of triangle $$AOC$$ in terms of known quantities, using triangle $$BOC$$.

 * $$h=a\sin(B)$$

Side $$c$$ is split into two segments, with total length $$c$$.
 * $$\overline{OB}$$ has length $$\overline{BC}\cos(B)=a\cos(B)$$
 * $$\overline{AO}=\overline{AB}-\overline{OB}$$ has length $$c-a\cos(B)$$

Now we can use the Pythagorean Theorem to find $$b$$, since $$b^2=\overline{AO}^2+h^2$$.

 * $$b^2$$
 * $$=\bigl(c-a\cos(B)\bigr)^2+a^2\sin^2(B)$$
 * $$=c^2-2ac\cos(B)+a^2\cos^2(B)+a^2\sin^2(B)$$
 * $$=a^2+c^2-2ac\cos(B)$$
 * }
 * $$=a^2+c^2-2ac\cos(B)$$
 * }
 * $$=a^2+c^2-2ac\cos(B)$$
 * }

The corresponding expressions for $$a$$ and $$c$$ can be proved similarly.

The formula can be rearranged:
 * $$\cos(C)=\frac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}$$

and similarly for $$cos(A)$$ and $$cos(B)$$.

Applications
This formula can be used to find the third side of a triangle if the other two sides and the angle between them are known. The rearranged formula can be used to find the angles of a triangle if all three sides are known. See Solving Triangles Given SAS.

title: Trigonometry/Law of Cosines


text:
Φιλομήλη

Etymology
From +, but folk-etymologized since at least the time of Ovid as +.

Proper noun

 * : Philomela, particularly the sister of Procne who was raped and mutilated by her brother-in-law Tereus
 * 1)  The swallow.
 * 2)  The nightingale.

title: Φιλομήλη


text:
Q3Map2/VIS

VIS phase minor switches

 * -fast : Only calculates rough visibility data. Quick and dirty, not actually useful for VIS purposes.
 * -hint : Will merge the bsp leaves (except for hint portals) before calculating the visibility list.
 * -merge : Will merge the bsp leaves before calculating the visibility list.
 * -nopassage : Disables the passage visibility algorithm. Passage VIS is a bit faster and tighter than the old algorithm.
 * -nosort : Disables the sorting of portals by complexity. Sorting speeds up visibility calculations.
 * -passageOnly : Will use the passage visibility algorithm only.
 * -saveprt : Disables the automatic deletion of the .prt portal file after VIS finishes.
 * -v : Enables verbose mode. Always use this.

title: Q3Map2/VIS


text:
User:Chrisvoigt/sandbox

Christopher Voigt has been Pastor of Celebration Ministries at Dayspring Fellowship in Keizer, Oregon for 15 years and a lead worshipper for more than 25. He also contributes his time and seemingly boundless energy and talent to leading the Board of Directors of Worship Northwest, a growing ministry focused on building, equipping and encouraging lead worshippers in the local church.

Chris says, “As a worship leader for more than 25 years, I have seen my share of healthy and unhealthy ministries. Through it all God has developed a desire in me to help other worship leaders build healthy, fully-functioning ministries; to help all believers love God with all of their heart, soul, mind and strength; to help churches become worshiping churches.”

Chris is an innovator and organizer, passionate and purposeful - a servant leader with a shepherd’s heart. His fervent desire is to equip and challenge believers toward a lifestyle of worship. Both engaging and energetic, he is equally effective in a workshop setting or as a keynote speaker. From seminars on ministry essentials for leaders and their teams, to vision-casting on what living a life of everyday worship really looks like for a Christ-follower, Chris will encourage your leadership, volunteers and congregation. Chris speaks with deep conviction from a solidly biblical perspective on topics such as leadership development, healthy ministry relationships, team chemistry and dynamics, creativity in worship, living a worship-oriented lifestyle, and more. A complete listing of seminars and speaking topics is available on his website.

In 2012 Chris wrote and published his first book, Everyday Worship. Soon after, he launched Chris Voigt Worship, a non-profit ministry dedicated to equipping and encouraging worship leaders around the world. CVW is committed to providing the biblical teaching and practical tools needed for developing healthy, sustainable ministries.

Chris also serves on the Boards of Friends of Hope, and Extra Mile Media and has served as Chairman of the Board of DELTA Ministries International. In his spare time he does business consulting through his company Outsource Oregon. He plays keyboards and guitar (though he doesn’t claim guitar very often), acknowledges an addiction to Diet Coke, and is husband to DeeDee and dad to two incredible young adult kids, Lexi and Josh. You can find him online at chrisvoigtworship.com.

For booking information: lori@chrisvoigtworship.com

title: User:Chrisvoigt/sandbox


text:
come to grief

Verb

 * 1)  To suffer a disastrous outcome.
 * 2) * J. R. R. Tolkien
 * These elves and half-elves and wizards, they would come to grief perhaps.

Translations

 * Finnish: mennä pahasti pieleen, epäonnistua pahasti
 * French:
 * Hungarian:
 * Polish: ,

title: come to grief


text:
Talk:List of The Newsroom episodes

Comedy/drama?
The article currently reads that this is a comedy-drama series. However, the main article only lists it as a drama series, which seems appropriate given the content and the fact that HBO did at no point advertise the show as comedy. I suggest changing this to match the main article unless anyone objects. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:33, 24 August 2012 (UTC)

Combine with main page?
It seems like this article belongs under the "Episodes" section of the main article. --Callmechelsea (talk) 13:47, 6 October 2012 (UTC)

Copyright violation
How was it determined that eight short summaries because of "copyvios"? -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 11:23, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

 * You just copy and paste the suspected summaries into a Google search. If they come up on other sites, like TV.com, Futon Critic or an official site then you know that they've been stolen from somewhere else and just pasted here.  In this case, the summaries appeared on the showcase website and on a few HBO international affiliate websites (like HBO Asia). -- SchrutedIt08 (talk) 11:43, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

 * The content is all lifted word-for-word from HBO's summaries, published on a number of sites (I checked Futon Critic). The one you restored has had minor tweaks, but that's not enough to satisfy WP:COPYVIO.  It's easy to tell when summaries pop up all at once, with cast in place and predictable phrasing/sentence structure present. --Drmargi (talk) 11:48, 2 September 2013 (UTC)
 * I did search for the opening sentences of three of those summaries, and they didn't show up anywhere but in this Wikipedia article. I restored a ninth summary, the 1st in sequence, which was not removed in Drmargi's edit I mentioned above; that one was removed in what I thought was a pointy sulk by the editor who originally added nine summaries. Normally, copyright violations are accompanied by Copypaste and/or a report by the duplication detector, or at least by some web links. Care to share? -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 13:35, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on List of The Newsroom episodes. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130719041000/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/07/16/sunday-cable-ratings-true-blood-wins-night-keeping-up-with-the-kardashians-sprint-cup-real-housewives-of-nj-falling-skies-more/192063/ to http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/07/16/sunday-cable-ratings-true-blood-wins-night-keeping-up-with-the-kardashians-sprint-cup-real-housewives-of-nj-falling-skies-more/192063/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130726080440/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/07/23/sunday-cable-ratings-true-blood-wins-night-naked-and-afraid-falling-skies-dexter-devious-maids-the-newsroom-more/193002/ to http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/07/23/sunday-cable-ratings-true-blood-wins-night-naked-and-afraid-falling-skies-dexter-devious-maids-the-newsroom-more/193002/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130803044838/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/07/30/sunday-cable-ratings-true-blood-wins-night-naked-and-afraid-keeping-up-with-the-kardashians-nascar-dexter-more/194556/ to http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/07/30/sunday-cable-ratings-true-blood-wins-night-naked-and-afraid-keeping-up-with-the-kardashians-nascar-dexter-more/194556/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 17:49, 19 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of The Newsroom episodes


text:
Talk:Ippei Shimamura

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 09:39, 6 May 2020 (UTC)
 * The Roots Seekers.jpg

title: Talk:Ippei Shimamura


text:
Thomas E. Ricks (journalist)

Thomas Edwin "Tom" Ricks (born September 25, 1955) is an American journalist and author who specializes in the military and national security issues. He is a two-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting as part of teams from the Wall Street Journal (2000) and Washington Post (2002). He has reported on U.S. military activities in Somalia, Haiti, Korea, Bosnia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Kuwait, Turkey, Afghanistan, and Iraq. He previously wrote a blog for Foreign Policy and is a member of the Center for a New American Security, a defense policy think tank.

Ricks lectures widely to the military and is a member of Harvard University's Senior Advisory Council on the Project on U.S. Civil-Military Relations. Ricks is the author of several nonfiction books including Making the Corps (1997); the bestselling Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq (2006) and its follow-up, The Gamble: General David Petraeus and the American Military Adventure in Iraq, 2006–2008 (2009); the bestselling First Principles: What America's Founders Learned from the Greeks and Romans and How That Shaped Our Country (2020); and Waging a Good War: A Military History of the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1968 (2022).

Life and career
Ricks was born in Beverly, Massachusetts, and grew up in New York and Afghanistan, one of six children. He is the son of Anne and David Frank Ricks, a professor of psychology. He attended the American International School in Kabul (1968–1970), including his freshman year of high school. He graduated from Scarsdale High School (1973).

After earning a B.A. from Yale University (1977), he was an instructor at Lingnan College, Hong Kong (1977–1979), and assistant editor at the Wilson Quarterly (1979–1981). At the Wall Street Journal he was a reporter (1982–1985) and deputy Miami bureau chief (1986). In Washington, D.C., he was a Journal reporter (1987–1989), feature editor (1989–1992), and Pentagon correspondent, (1992–1999). He was a military correspondent at the Washington Post (2000–2008).

While at the Wall Street Journal, he was one of the reporters writing the "Price of Power" series discussing United States defense spending and potential changes confronting the US military following the Cold War. The series won the Journal the 2000 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting. He won a second Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting in 2002 as part of The Washington Post team for reporting about the beginnings of the U.S. counteroffensive against terrorism.

Ricks was a finalist for the 2007 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction for his book Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq.

Ricks was immensely critical of Fox News' coverage of the 2012 Benghazi attack. While being interviewed by Jon Scott, Ricks accused Fox News of being "extremely political" in its coverage of the attack and stated, "Fox was operating as a wing of the Republican Party."

Nonfiction

 * Making the Corps. Scribner, 1997. ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>
 * Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq. Penguin Group, 2006. ISBN 1-59420-103-X
 * The Gamble: General David Petraeus and the American Military Adventure in Iraq, 2006–2008. The Penguin Press, 2009. ISBN 	978-1-59420-197-4
 * The Generals: American Military Command from World War II to Today. Penguin Press, 2012. ISBN 978-1-59420-404-3
 * Churchill & Orwell: The Fight for Freedom. Penguin Press, 2017. ISBN 978-1-59420-613-9
 * First Principles: What America's Founders Learned from the Greeks and Romans and How That Shaped Our Country. Harper, 2020. ISBN 978-0-06-299745-6
 * Waging a Good War: A Military History of the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1968. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2022. ISBN 978-0-374-60516-2

Fiction

 * A Soldier's Duty. Random House, 2001. ISBN 978-0-375-50544-7

title: Thomas E. Ricks (journalist)


text:
Talk:Puzzles/Decision puzzles/Weighings Once More/Solution

Hi, good idea to have a general proof! Here are some things I am not so happy about yet:

You say that S(n) can measure weights between 1 and |S(n)|. In standard mathematical notation |S(n)| would be just the number of elements in S(n) which is n+1 (maybe we should introduce another symbol like W(n) or so). Also, to be technically precise, we should write $$\lfloor 3^{(n+1)}/2 \rfloor$$ rather than 3^(n+1)/2 for the upper bound of weights that can be measured. Thomas

The answer (four weights: {1,3,9,27}) is correct as far as the question is posed. But, as the question does not require weights to be measured in a single weighing, the question and answer both miss an interesting aspect of measuring integral weights: that it is not necessary for the scale to be balanced to correctly identify an unknown weight. With four known weights, {2,6,18,54}, it's possible to measure up to 80, not just 40:

If x < 2, then x = 1.

If x = 2, then x = 2.

If 2 < x < 6-2, then x = 3, etc.

You could repose the question with 80 instead of 40, or turn it around and ask what range of integral weights can be measured using four known weights.

Munin


text:
figurino

Noun

 * 1) fashion sketch or plate
 * 2) dandy, flop
 * 1) dandy, flop

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  a design or pattern of an item of clothing
 * 2)  costume; outfit set of clothing

title: figurino


text:
User:Moswento/Great House of St George

The Great House of St George (or The Great House) is a Grade II* listed building in Tiverton, Devon, England. It is located on Peter Street, next door to the Slee Almshouses.

History
The house was constructed in the early 17th century and belonged to local merchant George Slee. It was used for both domestic and commercial purposes, being the venue for merchants' guild meetings.

Architecture
Jacobean Mullioned windows, wide stone facade Walled garden Unusually for a merchant's house of its age, the house is wholly constructed of stone.
 *
 *

Current status
The house is now used as council offices. Garden is accessible during office hours.

title: User:Moswento/Great House of St George


text:
Cookbook:Yam

True yams are the starchy tubers of many Dioscorea species. They should not be confused with sweet potatoes, which are sometimes referred to as yams in parts of North America.

Yams are common in the Caribbean, Latin America, and Africa. True yams are toxic in their raw state, but cooking of any form removes the toxins and makes them harmless. They're generally sold in chunks sealed in plastic, and have a light-coloured interior and dark skin.

Varieties
There are a few varieties of cultivated yam. These include:

 * White/yellow yam (D. rotundata/cayennensis): Native to Africa; most widely-cultivated variety
 * Purple yam (D. alata), also called water yam: flesh ranges from purple to white or cream-colored
 * Chinese yam (D. polystachya)

Uses
They can be used in any sweet potato recipe.

Recipes

 * Yam casserole

title: Cookbook:Yam


text:
José de la Riva Agüero

José Mariano de la Cruz de la Riva Agüero y Sánchez Boquete (3 May 1783 – 21 May 1858) was a Peruvian soldier and politician who was the first president of Peru and the second president of North Peru, a constituent country of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation. A leading figure of the Peruvian War of Independence, he was president of Peru in 1823, being the first head of state to serve as President of the Republic and to wear the two-color presidential sash as a symbol of the power he exercised. Although this power was de facto, that is, born from a coup d'état and not by popular will expressed in elections, since it was imposed by the Peruvian Army through the so-called Balconcillo mutiny, which ordered Congress to dismiss the Supreme Governing Junta headed by José de La Mar. He governed for four months before being replaced by the Marquis of Torre Tagle.

Born to an aristocratic family from Lima he was a determined supporter of the independence movement from very early on. He was in Spain at the time of the Napoleonic invasion, joining the Masonic lodges that at that time were working towards the independence of America. In 1810 he returned to Peru and, from then until the arrival of José de San Martín, he was the main figure of the anticolonial conspiracies in Lima, directing the Lodge of the Copetudos. He collaborated with San Martín before and after his arrival in Peru. Once the Protectorate of Peru was established, he was named president (prefect) of the department of Lima. He was named president after the Balconcillo mutiny, the first coup d'état in the country's republican history.

Riva-Agüero sought to conclude the independence of Peru initiated by separate uprisings a decade before. Thus, without the use of foreign troops, he managed to organize an army and a fleet for the Second Intermedios campaign. The company led by Andrés de Santa Cruz failed in its attempt to stop the royalist advance and the expedition was defeated. Disagreements with Congress and the arrival of Simón Bolívar determined the end of his brief government and his deportation to Guayaquil, first, and later to Europe, where he resided until 1828, then returning to America. He went first to Chile, then returned to Peru in 1833 and was elected deputy for Lima to the National Convention of 1833, which reincorporated him into the Army with the title of Grand Marshal. A supporter of President Luis José de Orbegoso, he was plenipotentiary minister in Chile and under the Peru–Bolivian Confederation he was president of North Peru. After the Confederation's dissolution, he went to Ecuador again. When he returned in 1843, he retired to private life.

Early life and political career
Riva Agüero was born in Lima in 1783. His father was José de la Riva Agüero y Basso della Rovere, a Spanish aristocrat of Italian origin and a matrilineal descendant of the Della Rovere family. His mother was María Josefa Sánchez Boquete y Román de Aulestia, a member of the ancient Spaniard nobility established in Lima and a sister of the Marquis de Montealegre de Aulestia.

Although the first representatives of the de la Riva Agüero family were established in Peru since the 17th century, his father just settled down himself in the last quarter of the 18th century. He was part of the tribunal which accompanied visitador José Antonio de Areche to Peru in 1777 and was then appointed Superintendent of the Royal Mint of Peru (Real Casa de Moneda), a post he occupied until his death.

Riva Agüero spent his childhood in Lima, where he received his early education and a commission as lieutenant of the Regiment of the Nobility Corps in 1796 when he was thirteen years old. He was sent to Spain to complete his military education under the supervision of influential paternal relatives (one of his uncles was Minister of the Consejo de Indias and another one lieutenant general of the Army), however he decided to abandon his career as well as his subsequent legal studies to travel to France. In 1805, he was appointed Knight of the Order of Charles III and confirmed in 1807.

Returned to Madrid, Riva Agüero participated in the wars against the Napoleonic invasion. Moved by the nationalist ardor caused by the Napoleonic invasion in 1808, he was involved in some early actions against the French in Guipuzcoa and Burgos and then joined the forces of General Echevarri in Cordoba participating in the Battle of Alcolea Bridge.

In 1809, aware of the fact that his military career in the Spanish Army was limited due in part to the legal restriction that prevented American Spaniards to accede to high offices, he decided to initiate a career in the colonial administration. He was appointed Minister Judge of the Royal Mint of Peru, accountant of the Court of Auditors (Tribunal Mayor de Cuentas) and Judge of the Royal Lottery of Lima (Real Ramo de Suertes). That same year, his father died and Riva Agüero decided to return to Lima. By that time, he was already known for his adhesion to separatist ideals, so the Spanish authorities in Buenos Aires, Montevideo and Mendoza tried to prevent him entering Peru.

In Lima, Riva Agüero participated actively in various conspiracies for the Peruvian independence, the reason for which he was placed under strict surveillance by order of Viceroy Abascal. In 1813, his first work on the state of the Court of Auditors of Lima was destroyed by the Viceroy and Riva Agüero tried and placed under house arrest. Next year, he participated in the failed conspiracy of Quiroz and Pardo de Zela to take the government of Lima, in the conspiracy of Gómez and in the conspiracy of 1819.

José de San Martín named him prefect of Lima in 1822. Upon the departure of San Martín and the ensuing social instability in the country, Andrés de Santa Cruz revolted against the Peruvian Congress on 26 February 1823 and forced it to elect Riva Agüero as President. Riva Agüero proclaimed himself "President of Peru", the first to use such title.

During his short government, he suffered the entry of Spanish troops into the capital and the departure of the government towards a new installation at the port of Callao. Under this situation, Riva Agüero lost all support of the Peruvian Congress, which awaited anxiously the arrival of Simón Bolívar. He was later deposed by Antonio José de Sucre. Sucre was succeeded by José Bernardo de Torre Tagle until the arrival of Simón Bolívar. Congress had been waiting for the Venezuelan "Liberator" to come to Peru and help to consolidate the Independence of the country, and was more than willing to grant him all necessary powers.

Fearing the loss of leadership, Riva Agüero sought to conciliate with the viceroy to prevent the arrival of Bolívar, only to be arrested and accused of high treason. He was subsequently exiled to Chile. There he wrote the Memorias y documentos para la Historia de la Independencia del Perú y causas del mal éxito que ha tenido ésta (Memories and documents for the history of the independence of Peru and causes for its failure so far), one of the most important sources for the period.

During the short-lived Peru-Bolivian Confederation Riva Agüero supported Mariscal Andrés de Santa Cruz, and became president of the Republic of North Peru in 1838. After its collapse, he retired from public life until his death in 1858.

He had five children with Princess Caroline-Arnoldine de Looz-Corswarem. His eldest son was José de la Riva-Agüero y Looz-Corswarem.

Conspiracy in Lima
During his time in Spain he joined an American lodge that worked for the independence of America. He came back to Peru after he was appointed as accountant and conservative judge in the area of luck and lotteries in the Tribunal Mayor de Cuentas de Lima (1810), returned to Peru, via Buenos Aires, decided to support the independence movement. During his trip, he avoided harassment from the authorities: he was briefly arrested in Montevideo but; in Buenos Aires, he had to flee furtively after realizing that they were going to return him to Spain. Something similar happened in the city of Mendoza.

Already established in Lima, he was associated with various groups of patriots and maintained active correspondence with those of Chile and Buenos Aires, which had already been installed Governing Boards. He ran Lima's Lodge from home, located at Santa Teresa (now fifth block of Jirón Puno) or the house of the Count of Vega del Ren, in the street of Botica San Pedro (now fourth block of Jirón Miró Quesada). He was involved in almost all Lima conspiracies, which were closely monitored by the authorities and eventually persecuted. However, the intervention of powerful friends and relatives saved him.

In 1816 he wrote a Manifestación histórica y política de la revolución de América, published anonymously in Buenos Aires in 1818 in which he exposed 20 causes justifying the insurgency against the colonial regime.

Contact with San Martín
Riva Agüero was then in intensive contacts with José de San Martín, who after securing the independence of Chile planned to go to Peru. He sent valuable data on the situation of the royalist forces and helped define the plan of operations of the Army of the Andes to attack the central coast of Peru to penetrate the Upper Peru. For all these reasons, the figure of Riva Agüero was instrumental in achieving the emancipation of Spanish America.

At that time, a messenger of San Martin was captured with correspondence that was addressed to Riva Agüero and other Lima patriots in April 1819. The Viceroy Joaquín de la Pezuela then ordered the confinement of Riva Agüero in Tarma (central highlands of Peru) while preparing a boat to take him to Spain, but the legal appeal and the disruption caused by the arrival of San Martin during his Freedom Expedition led such a severe measure to be abandoned.

Even in such conflict Riva Agüero continued laboring for the cause of independence, convincing many officers to desert the royal troops. Indeed, he was one of those who influenced over Numancia Battalion's celebrated change to the patriot ranks. Similarly, he promoted the guerrilla organization to sever accesses in Lima. He also helped to produce the schism and disagreement among the Spanish generals themselves and help to infiltrate the royal army with double agents.

title: José de la Riva Agüero