text:
Electronics/Definitions

Get ideas from here:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_electronics_topics

(BUT WE ONLY WANT THINGS THAT MATTER TO A TWO YEAR LEVEL. No "quadrature amplitude modulation" or anything like that.)

SI Units and derived units

Definitions in Alphabetical Order:

Another order could be definitions by subject such as DC, AC, radio, integrated circuit, etc.

 * AC : Alternating current. Consists of a periodic oscillation between two different voltages.  Usually said to look like a sine wave, but is not always.

 * AM : Amplitude modulation. In radio communications, a signal controls the amplitude of a carrier wave that is at a much higher, constant frequency.  The carrier wave is filtered out and a loudspeaker plays based on the amplitude of the signal.

 * Ampere (A) : The SI unit for current I. (Commonly spoken as "amps", "milliamps", etc.)  The ampere is officially defined as that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed one meter apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2×10-7 newton per meter of length.  There is another definition which is based on the deposition rate of silver (in electrolysis?), which is much easier to measure.  The other electronics units  are derived units based on the ampere definition.

 * Amplify : To increase the strength of the signal. Often an "amplifier" is used to pass a signal with both an increase or a decrease in gain.

 * Anode : An electron collector. Means up the path from a negative to a positive voltage.  An anode has a more positive voltage relative to a cathode.

 * Attenuate : Decrease the strength of a signal.

 * Band-Pass Filter : An analog filter that absorbs low and high frequencies (f) but allows a band of frequencies in the middle to pass through.

 * BJT : Bi-polar junction transistor. A transistor in which the resistance of the channel is controlled by a current at the gate.  Can be thought of as a current-controlled resistor.  FET is the other major type of transistor.

 * Capacitor : An electronics component that stores energy in the form of electric charge (static electricity). It resists a sudden change in voltage.

 * Cathode : An electron emitter. A cathode has a more negative voltage relative to some other place.

 * Choke : Another name for an inductor, specifically referring to those used in power regulation.

 * CMOS : Complementary metal oxide semiconductor. Complementary means that it has N-channel and P-channel transistors.  Metal oxide is the type of gate.  CMOS is a type of Integrated Circuit (IC) that is voltage based, since it is made of FETs.  Digital circuits tend to use very little current, because the paths for current flow are effectively open or closed circuits except during the transition between states.

 * Coil : A helix of wire (the same shape as a spring or Slinky). Its height, width, thickness, and material can all vary.  Used as an inductor.  The loops of wire can overlap.

 * Condenser : Another name for capacitor.

 * Conductance : The inverse of resistance. Measured in siemens (obsolete name mhos), which are the inverse of ohms.  1 S = 1/Ω = 1 A/V = 1 A2/W

 * Coulomb (C) : The SI unit for electric charge Q. Defined in terms of the ampere.  1 coulomb is the amount of electric charge carried by a current of 1 ampere flowing for 1 second.  It is also about 6.24×1018 times the charge on an electron.  1 C = 1 A·s

 * Current : The drift of electrons in an electric field. This is perceived as a flow.  It is measured in amperes.

 * Cycles per second (cps) : An obsolete name for hertz, the standard SI unit. As the name implies, a measurement of frequency in full cycles of a wave per second.   The unit cps (or kilocycles, megacycles, etc.) is more often seen in older documents.

 * dB : Decibel. Used to measure logarithmic ratios like signal to noise ratio (SNR), total harmonic distortion (THD), volume relative to a nominal level.  Similar to percent (%) in that it has no units.   dB SPL is used to measure sound levels relative to 20 micro-pascals (µPa).  dBu is used to measure voltage relative to 0.775 V.

 * DC : Direct current. A constant voltage and a constant current flow in one direction.

 * Diode : A one way valve for current. Semiconductor diodes typically have a voltage drop of 0.6 V (silicon) or 0.2V (germanium) when conducting in the forward direction.

 * EMF (E) : Electro-Motive Force. A force for moving electrons.  See Voltage.

 * Ethernet: is a family of frame-based computer networking technologies for local area networks (LAN). It defines a number of wiring and signaling standards for the Physical Layer of the standard networking model as well as a common addressing format and a variety of Medium Access Control procedures at the lower part of the Data Link Layer.

 * Farad (F) : The SI unit for capacitance (C). A capacitor is one farad if it has a coulomb (1 C) of charge on it with a voltage separation of a volt (1 V). 1 F = 1 C/V

 * FET : Field Effect Transistor. Can be thought of as an Electric Field Transistor.  A transistor in which the voltage at the gate controls the resistance of the channel.  (i.e. a FET has voltage-controlled resistance.)  BJT is the other major type of transistor.

 * FM : Frequency modulation. Changing the frequency of a carrier signal to represent the amplitude of the original signal.

 * Forward Biased : The voltage polarity through a part which causes it to conduct current.

 * Frequency (f) : The number of revolutions (cycles) per unit time. Usually expressed in either radians per second or cycles per second (Hz).

 * Gain : A multiplier of voltage or current.

 * Ground : Ground is defined as the point in the circuit which is at zero voltage. Voltage is relative, and is the same throughout a conductor, so any point in the circuit can be defined as ground, and all other voltages are referenced to it.  Usually it is defined as the most negative point in the circuit, for convenience.  Sometimes it is defined in the middle of two bi-polar rails, for "balanced" circuits. In many cases this circuit point is connected to the Earth (Ground) by some buried conductor.

 * Henry (H) : The SI unit for inductance. 1 H = 1 Wb/A

 * Hertz (Hz) : The SI unit for frequency. One Hz is one cycle per second.    1 Hz = 1/s

 * High-Pass Filter : An analog filter that absorbs low frequencies (f) but allows high frequencies to pass.

 * Horsepower (hp) : The amount of force F a horse can exert. I don't think it is related to horses anymore. 1 hp = 746 W

 * IC : Integrated circuit. A circuit constructed on one chip of semiconductor, rather than as discrete components.

 * Impedance : A more generalized form of resistance. The impedance of a device varies with the frequency of the electricity applied.  A perfect resistor will have a constant impedance for all frequencies.  Capacitors and inductors have varying impedances at different frequencies.  Measured in ohms.

 * Inductor : An inductor is a device that stores energy in a magnetic field. It opposes a sudden change in the flow of current.  A solenoid is usually shaped like a spring or a Slinky.

 * Joule (J) : The work required to exert a force of a newton (1 N) for a meter (1 m). 1 J = 1 N·m

 * LASCR : Light activated silicon controlled rectifier. A light activated SCR.

 * LDR : Light dependent resistor. As light intensity increases, its resistance decreases.

 * Length (l) : Distance is measured in meters (m).

 * Low-Pass Filter : An analog filter that absorbs high frequencies (f) but allows low frequencies to pass.

 * Magnetron : A special form of vacuum tube, typically used as the microwave emitter in a microwave oven, or in Radar systems.

 * Meter (m) : The SI unit for distance. The distance light travels in 1/299,792,458 second.

 * MOSFET : Metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor. An FET that uses a thin layer of oxide (usually silicon) to insulate the gate terminal from the underlying channel

 * Ohm (Ω) : A measure of resistance or impedance. 1 Ω = 1 V/A = 1 W/A2

 * Op-amp : Short for operational amplifier. An op-amp amplifies the voltage between its two inputs.

 * Oxidation : A reaction where something loses electrons. Given that oxygen will strip electrons from most elements, this has historically meant a reaction involving oxygen.  A cathode (electron emitter) is constantly oxidized as it looses electrons.

 * PCB : Printed circuit board. This is a piece of plastic or fiberglass with copper attached.  The copper is typically chemically etched away to leave "traces" for the electricity to be conducted through.  Other electrical components are soldered to the traces.

 * Period : The time between cycles of a periodic wave.

 * PM1 : Phase modulation. Sending information by modifying relative phases.

 * PM2 : Pulse modulation. Sending information in binary pulses.

 * Power : Voltage times current. The amount of work being done by a circuit.

 * Rectify : Convert AC current to DC current.

 * Redox : A reaction where oxidation and reduction take place. A cathode (electron emitter) is oxidized (loses electron).  The electron travels and is absorbed by an anode (electron acceptor) that is reduced (gains electron).

 * Reduction : A reaction where something gains electrons. In gaining electrons its charge value is reduced.  An anode (electron acceptor) is constantly reduced as it gains electrons.

 * Resistance : Properties of a circuit that impede the flow of electrons. Resistance converts electrical energy into photons that are given off as waste heat.  Resistance is measured in ohms.

 * Reversed Biased : The inverted voltage polarity on a part.

 * Root-Mean Squared (RMS) : The effective DC value for an AC value.

 * SCR : Silicon-controlled rectifier.

 * Second (s) : The SI unit for time.

 * SI : The standard system of units.

 * SMT : Surface mount technology. This is a circuit built on a PCB with the components soldered directly to pads on the surface, without going through the board.  The components and boards are usually much more compact than through-hole boards.

 * Speed of light : Varies depending on the medium it is traveling through. Maximum speed c of 299,792,458 m/s is only in a perfect vacuum.  Light has been slowed down to less than 17 m/s (~40 mph) in special mediums.

 * Speed of wave propagation (v) : Speed that an electromagnetic wave travels through air, cables, or wires. A typical speed for a typical coax cable is (2/3)·c.

 * Thermistor : Temperature based resistor. As temperature increases resistance decreases.

 * Thyristor : A type of electronic switch. It has two states which are triggered by another voltage or current.  SCRs and switching transistors are examples of thyristors.

 * Tesla (T) : Unit of magnetic flux density. 1 T = 1 Wb/m2

 * Through-hole : This means the circuit is built on a PCB with holes drilled in it for the component leads to go through. The leads are soldered on the other side of the board.

 * Time (t) : The symbol for time in seconds (s).

 * Transformer : Used to raise or lower the AC voltage between two circuits. This is based on the ratio of turns between the two coupled inductors.  Transformers operate by way of induction between two inductors.

 * Triode : A three-element vacuum tube.

 * TTL : Transistor-Transistor Logic

 * Volt-amperes (VA) :

 * Voltage AC (VAC) : AC Voltage

 * Voltage-amperes reactive (VAR) : Reactive voltage.

 * Variac : A type of transformer with a movable tap to provide a variable output voltage. Also "Powerstat".

 * Volt (V) : A potential due to an electric field. One volt is defined as the potential difference across a resistor that is passing one ampere and dissipating one watt. 1 V = 1 W/A

Volt

 * (changed to demonstrate subsection headings)
 * A potential due to an electric field. One volt is defined as the potential difference across a resistor that is passing one ampere and dissipating one watt. 1 V = 1 W/A

 * Voltage (V) : An electric field between two charges. Similar to gravity this acts as an electric potential.  Measured in volts.

 * VCC : Common-collector voltage source (+). This is an alternate label for the power supply in electronic diagrams for BJT-based circuits such as common-collector amplifiers. (There is also VEE, VDD, VSS do we want one for each?) That might work if they were grouped together.
 * http://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/vxx.html
 * http://www.control.com/1026184337/index_html

 * Watt (W) : A measure of power (P). A watt is a joule (1 J) of work done in a second (1 s). 1 W = 1 J/s

 * Wavelength (λ) : The distance between two peaks of a wave.

 * Weber (Wb) : Unit of magnetic flux. 1 Wb = 1 V·s

to be merged
superfluous stuff from "overview of electronics", which should be merged in with these definitions:

Charge: Particles can have three possible types of charge: positive, negative, or neutral (no charge). Electrons are negatively charged, protons are positively charged, and neutrons are (surprise!) neutral. Opposite charges tend to attract, while particles with the same charge (both positive or negative) tend to repel.

Electricity: the flow of electrons.

Electronics: is the study of gadgets that use electricity, typically creating or handling signals, not just switching power.

??? are devices which take in input, perform some function, and return some output, through the use of electricity.

Circuit: The path electrons take as they are pushed by some power source, flow through various electrical components in a gadget, and return to the power source.

Electric Field: field created by the presence of charge. The field represents the force that would be felt by a positive charge.

Voltage: Accelerates charge.

Voltage is a gravity-like potential due to the separation of a negative and a positive charge. Voltage accelerates negatively charged electrons from the negative to the positive charge, and accelerates positive charged protons and ions the other way. Pushing accelerates the charges in what is known as current.

Resistance: When moving electrons (current) collide with atoms, energy is given off as heat. Resistance is the measure of a material's tendency to cause this type of energy loss. Resistance acts to limit the flow of current due to a given voltage. As the resistance becomes infinite the current stops flowing and becomes an open circuit. When there is no resistance the circuit shorts and the current becomes infinite. (Current 'prefers' the path with the lowest possible resistance.)
 * Air has higher resistance than wire.

Resistor: A device whose primary use is to provide resistance.

Short Circuit: there is no resistance between two points. Current flows without a change in voltage.

Open Circuit: there is infinite resistance between two points. Current is unable to flow, but there is still a voltage between the two points.

Voltage Source creates a voltage, which creates a current.

Current Source, which creates a current and a voltage for the current.

Voltage Drop When the current goes through resistance it loses some of the push of the voltage.

When the current comes to an intersection it has multiple paths it can take and flows according to its resistance.

Permittivity: (ε) A measure of how much energy a material absorbs in response to an electric field. Materials (εr) absorb more energy than the vacuum (ε0). The permittivity of a material is known as its dielectric constant.

Cell: Two materials with a voltage difference between them.

Capacitor: Two metal plates with a gap between them. Voltage causes charge to drain from one plate and accumulate on the other plate. This charge separation creates a voltage in the capacitor that opposes the other voltage and stops the flow of current. When a dielectric is placed between the plates it weakens the electric field between the plates and allows more charge to accumulate.

Capacitance: Any two pieces of conducting material separated by some distance have capacitance. Simply, a measure of the tendency of some configuration of metal to act as a capacitor.

Inductor: A coil of wire. Current starts to flow through the wire and creates a magnetic field. This magnetic field creates an opposing magnetic field which stops the current through the wire. Over time the inductor stops opposing current and turns into a wire.

Transformer Two connected inductors, which operate through mutual inductance. Current flows through the first inductor and creates a magnetic field that is fed to the second inductor. In response the second inductor creates an opposing magnetic field and current. Having a permanent magnet between the two inductors intensifies their magnetic fields.

Vacuum tube: An arrangement of two or more electrodes in a vacuum. Typically placed in a glass bulb to keep air from leaking in.

Triode: The first electrical amplification device. A triode is a type of vacuum tube with three connections:
 * The cathode emits electrons.
 * The anode accepts electrons.
 * The 'grid, placed in the middle, which controls the flow of electrons from the cathode to the anode.

Diode: A 2 wire device that allows current to flow easily in only one direction.

Transistor: A 3 wire device, with one wire (the "base" or "gate") that controls the flow of electrons between the other 2 wires. Replaced vacuum tubes.

Light waves: (Electromagnetic waves)

title: Electronics/Definitions


text:
getuige

Etymology 1
From, from the verb (modern ).

Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A witness, person who observed
 * 2)  A witness who testifies in a case

Noun

 * 1) A testimony.

Etymology 2
The prepositional sense may be seen as a fossilized use of the subjunctive, which is otherwise archaic.

Preposition

 * 1) as shown by, judging by, witness

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: getuige


text:
Panagiotis Kone

Panagiotis Kone (Παναγιώτης Κονέ, born 26 July 1987) is a Greek former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. He is the current executive director of AEK Athens.

Kone started playing football in the youth ranks of Olympiacos, from where he moved to Lens' youth team. He started professional football in AEK Athens before moving to Iraklis in 2008. After two seasons with the club, Kone moved to Serie A club Brescia. After one season in Brescia, he moved to Bologna in 2011 on loan, then transferred permanently to the club in 2012.

He then signed for Udinese in 2014. After loan spells with Fiorentina, Granada and AEK Athens, Kone left Udinese in August 2018.

Kone represented Greece at various youth levels before making his senior debut in 2010. He was a member of the Greece squad that played in the 2014 World Cup.

Early life
He was born as Gjergji Kone in Tirana, Albania, and migrated to Greece with his parents Isaac, a biologist, and Leontina, a piano teacher, and older brother to Athens when he was two years old. He changed his name to Panagiotis as part of the naturalisation process. He has said, regarding his identity and ethnicity, that he is a Greek. Some of his relatives still live in Albania and whenever he visits the country, he presents himself as “Kone the Albanian” in order to prevent discrimination. His brother, Sotiris, owns a bar in Athens. According to Albanian and Italian press he is of Albanian origin, while he has stated that his family is ethnically Greek despite coming from Albania.

Kone began his youth career at the Olympiacos youth academy as a young teenager, but moved to France just before his 17th birthday when Lens showed interest in him. He was sold to Lens for €400,000.

AEK Athens
After one year with Lens, Kone came back to Greece to join AEK Athens, signing his first professional contract. He wore the number 10 shirt for the 2005–06 season as an 18-year-old, but with the arrival of former Ballon d'Or winner Rivaldo, he changed it to 22.

Iraklis
Kone moved to Iraklis in 2008 after he was surplus to requirements at AEK. In his two seasons with the club, he made 49 league appearances and scored eight goals; in 37 of these matches, he either played as a substitute or he was substituted. Although in times he showed football brilliance, the facts that he was rather unstable and the lack of teamwork could not secure him a firm place in Iraklis' starting eleven.

Contract dispute with Iraklis
In July 2010, Kone trained with Italian side Brescia despite still being under contract with Iraklis. After this became known to Brescia, Kone no longer trained with the club. He requested and expected to have his contract with Iraklis terminated due to supposed debt by the club to him, but on 22 July 2010, the Hellenic Football Federation (HFF) decided against the request. Nonetheless, Iraklis sold him to Brescia for a €800,000 transfer fee.

Brescia
In July 2010, Kone made an attempt to play for a club outside the Greek borders, signing with Brescia Calcio ahead of the 2010–11 Serie B season. He put in some impressive performances, catching the eye of club management with his technical training, fast pace and strong sense of goal. Following Brescia's relegation after finishing 19th in 2010–11, however, he signed with Bologna on loan for the 2011–12 season, with an option to make the loan permanent.

Bologna
Kone initially arrived at Bologna on a temporary basis as a replacement for the recently departed Francesco Della Rocca, who had moved to Palermo.

In June 2013, Bologna officially reached a deal to buy-out Brescia's 50 percent ownership of Kone for a €1.6 million fee. At the time, he was co-owned by the two clubs. Prior to the deal, negotiations between the two had been troubled and there were fears the matter would go to a blind auction over the summer of 2013. Shortly after the deal, Kone extended his contract with Bologna until June 2017. The Greek attacking midfielder has made his name in Italy with some truly spectacular goals, notably a scissor-kick volley against Napoli last season at the Stadio San Paolo which gave his side all three points in a 2–3 away victory.

On 24 November 2013, Kone scored his first goal of the 2013–14 season in a 1–1 home draw against Internazionale, finding the net in the 12th minute. In the penultimate matchday on 11 May 2014, Bologna, after a 1–2 home loss to Catania, were relegated to Serie B. After the defeat, 300 Bologna fans surrounded the squad and prevented them from reaching manager Davide Ballardini, instead screaming for contracts to be torn up over a cordon of riot police. Captain Kone—as one of a few players to emerge from the season with any value at all—was consoled by a supporter after breaking down in tears in the melee. "The dressing room is destroyed, we are mortified. Kone has been crying alone on the pitch," coach Ballardini was quoted as saying in La Gazzetta dello Sport.

Following the demotion, reports in Italy suggested that Palermo were keen to sign Kone, hoping to close the deal before the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Despite Bologna asking €5.6 million for Kone, Palermo offered around €3 million, but were also exploring the idea of a loan move with the option to buy-out the next year. The possibility of including players as compensation was also explored. Additionally, according to Tuttosport, Torino management were ready to make their decisive move for Kone due to Giampiero Ventura's will.

Udinese
Despite Palermo and Torino's interest, Udinese confirmed the signing of Kone. No details were provided concerning the transfer fee or any contract details.

On 22 January 2015, Kone scored the equalizing goal—a fierce, low volley—in the 2014–15 Coppa Italia against reigning champions Napoli in extra time. After the 2–2 draw, however, ten-man Udinese were eliminated in the subsequent penalty shoot-out. During extra time, Kone also threatened to score the winner when pouncing on a Miguel Britos error, forcing goalkeeper Mariano Andújar into a save at full stretch. On 22 March, Kone scored his first Serie A goal with Udinese, coming against Fiorentina. After the match, he said to Udinese Channel, "My goal was important for the team, certainly did not deserve to lose this game because, beyond the first 10 minutes of the second half, we played a great game. We are a group full of young kids, I make compliments to the coach as he read the game and for the changes it made because it allowed us to play better in a difficult moment. Against Torino and Fiorentina I think we played very well and our team is growing every day. Do not forget that this is only the first year of this project."

On 23 August 2015, in the opening match of the 2015–16 Serie A season, Kone, as a substitute, helped Udinese stop Juventus' 47-game unbeaten streak at home in the league by providing an assist to teammate Cyril Théréau in an eventual 0–1 away win. On 13 October 2015, Udinese confirmed that Kone suffered a calf injury while on international duty with Greece and would be out of action for $2 1/2$ months. On 17 December 2015, Kone made his return to the team, scoring an impressive goal against Lazio in the 2015–16 Coppa Italia; controlling a cross with his heel, he swung his leg around and acrobatically flicked the ball into the top-left hand corner of the goal. Despite the individual effort, however, Lazio prevailed 2–1, knocking Udinese out of the tournament. On 24 January 2016, Kone almost 4 months since his last appearance with the club in Serie A, played again as a substitute for Emmanuel Agyemang-Badu in a 4–1 away loss against Palermo.

He started the 2016-17 season, filled with last year's injuries including a painful experience to Fiorentina. Kone has returned to Udinese without having played a competitive match and a trust to be rebuilt. Slowly proved to coach Giuseppe Iachini that he reached on a good physical level and has given greater awareness in their own ability. Physically, the form is still to find, as well as the race pace. However the fans appreciated his entrance against Empoli in the tactical aspect, as he helped the club stopping being anxious and hasty in control of the race and the team seemed more compact. On 12 October 2016, Udinese has announced that kone has suffered from dislocated shoulder, without be certain for the day of his return.

ACF Fiorentina
On 31 January 2016, Kone joined Fiorentina on a loan with the right of redemption from Udinese. The deal is for an initial loan, but Udinese confirmed on their official website that Fiorentina will have the option to buy. Former Bologna midfielder Kone has struggled with injury problems this season, making only five league appearances for Udinese as a result. On 4 February 2016, Kone poked surprising from Fiorentina's UEFA Europa League squad, a surprise for the midfielder as has been dropped from Paulo Sousa, coach of the club. Panagiotis Kone made his Fiorentina debut in the Serie A match away to Empoli as an 82nd-minute substitute for Josip Ilicic on 10 April 2016.

Granada
On 19 January 2017, Kone was loaned to La liga club Granada, for six months.

Return to AEK
On 30 August 2017 AEK reached an agreement with Udinese for the return of the international midfielder on a season-long loan. On 23 November 2017, almost 8 months after his last appearance in the field, Kone came as a substitute in a home 2–2 UEFA Europa League group stage home game against Rijeka. On 11 December 2017 Kone scored his first goal for the club after 10 years in a 3–1 home win against Kerkyra.

After his loan, Kone has returned to Udinese, but the administration of AEK is still expecting experienced Greek international attacking midfielder to be released from the Italian club. Kone made 20 performances in all competitions with the champions of Greece during 2017–18 season.

On 31 August 2018 he mutually solved his contract with Udinese.

Western United
On 31 January 2019, Kone became the first signing for new A-League side Western United FC ahead of their inaugural season in a 2-year marquee deal.

International career
Kone has represented Greece at the youth level. Shortly after signing for Brescia, new Greece coach Fernando Santos called him up for UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying matches against Georgia and Croatia. On 17 November 2010, Kone debuted for the senior national team in a 1–2 friendly away win over Austria. He played the entire first half before being replaced.

Kone was named in the provisional squad for UEFA Euro 2012. On 26 May 2012, he was sent-off during Greece's 1–1 draw with Slovenia in a pre-tournament friendly. "What happened with Kone is a shame. Sometimes in the heat of the match we lose our minds," Santos explained after the draw. Kone was eventually excluded from Greece's final 23-man squad.

Two years later, Kone's exceptional season year with Bologna helped convince Santos to include the player in both the 30-man provisional World Cup squad and final 23-man squad for the 2014 World Cup. On 7 June 2014, he scored his first goal with the Greece in a 2–1 friendly victory against Bolivia.

On 15 June 2015, Kone, as a Greek player, sparked controversy after a photograph surfaced showed him just one day after Greece's humiliating 1–2 defeat to the Faroe Islands making an Albanian gesture, putting him under scrutiny.

On 11 October 2015, Kone scored in a dramatic 4–3 win over Hungary for UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying, meeting a José Holebas cross to net a powerful header. It was the first and only win for Greece in qualifying, where it finished last in Group F, meaning it will miss out on the final tournament.

Honours
AEK Athens
 * Super League Greece: 2017–18

title: Panagiotis Kone


text:
Talk:Balad al-Shaykh massacre

another cycle of violence with ,,authorisation´´ Nobody is better than others. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:28, 11 October 2023 (UTC)

Massacre?
Is there any evidence that the incident is predominantly known in scholarly literature as "Balad al-Shaykh massacre"? Pecher Talk 09:37, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Massacre is the act of murdering a large number of people, typically at the same time or over a relatively short period of time, and haganah reports "about 91 killed including women and children" in one day --Rohan 07:18, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

Unilateral moving on page
This article was entitled Balad al-Shaykh massacre. No rationale has been provided for this move. Could this action please be explained? Thanks.  T i a m u t  19:51, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

Exactly. Ilan Pappe is not representative of the mainstream, and we should not be presenting disputed historical events from one extreme angle of the discourse.  Tewfik Talk 00:47, 20 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Besides the astute observation above that the definition of massacre fits the events as described currently in the article, Ilan Pappe uses the word "massacre" to describe the events in Balad al-Sheikh. Again, what is the rationale for this move?  T i a m u t  —Preceding comment was added at 19:58, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

You are ignoring two things: Ilan Pappe is an expert in his field and therefore regardless of the controversy surrounding his work, is qualified to serve as source for our naming of this article. Two, as the other editor pointed out above (a comment you ignored in making you unilateral move) a massacre is when more than three unarmed civilians or POWs are killed deliberately. I also find it shocking that you would make such an important change to the article's title without discussing it with fellow project members first.  T i a m u t  05:27, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

bias
this article, which reads like am israeli propaganda piece, is another disgraceful example of extreme western bias of entrenched editors of wikipedia,and their censoring of all facts and witness accounts not serving the western agenda(in this case same as isreali agenda). no doubt this comment will be censored too and this ip blocked like many others just for pointing that out. shame! — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:19, 19 October 2012 (UTC)

Wikipedia has been very pro-Zionists for years, sadly, you are right. Weasel editors do everything they can to make any just and right action against Zionism (a clearly racist ideology) anti-Semitic and try to blur the lines between Zionism (a European nationalist movement in origin) and real Judaism (an ancient religion). Luckily you could try to reverse the pro-Zionist bias here because more of it is unsourced weaseling. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:28, 29 June 2014 (UTC)

Interested in how to get across new information
I placed an edit on this history using information that was uploaded through a blog site. My edit was removed. The site in question engages in detailed research and has led to various news stories being broken over the past few years. However I understand Wiki cannot consider every blog site as a 'reliable source'.

Yet there is an issue here. Originally, based on British reports and a newspaper article, the casualty count at Balad was supposed to be seventeen. Benny Morris, who was the original source of the Balad 'massacre' story, used conflicting Haganah reports to arrive at a figure of between 21 and 60. The British report however suggests the Palmach units were driven back, so how would the Jewish soldiers know?

Other writers, such as Ilan Pappe, used Morris as a source, but as is their style, ignored the lower estimates. Thus suddenly in some circles, sixty to ninety died.

And yet there is a newly examined contemporary CID British police report from the scene, that has so much detail it lists the names and ages of the dead. It seems the newspaper report of seventeen dead was inflated to claim more women and children died than actually did. The total casualty count according to official (and available) police reports was 5 dead on the night, a further 4 died from injuries. Nine total, including 7 men and two children. No women.

Morris was contacted and accepted the British report (given they were in control of the land at the time), was logically the most accurate. Given its more detailed account and the fact that Morris relied on different Jewish accounts that all conflicted, and the British relied on an on site casualty count, there is *no reason* to believe today that a 'massacre' actually happened. Nor that the casualty count exceeded nine, mainly men.

The best, most detailed and most official account, presents nine Arab dead with three Jews, with the Jewish forces experiencing higher than expected resistance. It is even so detailed it updated the casualty count as severely injured people passed away. There is no other source as well-informed or accurate as this. So, as Wiki is currently promoting a myth about a massacre that never happened, what is the best and quickest way to get the page edited to reflect what really happened?

Source documents are available here:

 * In English and on Wikipedia any figure of 5 or over killed is taken as constituting a 'massacre' (Kingsmill massacre). There is no 'myth' about a massacre being promoted, because even 9 dead amounts to a massacre. We go by RS, not personal research. If what is referred to as Benny Morris's recent reconsideration of the evidence is correct, all that need be done is to have BM or any other recognized authority find an RS outlet, Haaretz or whatever, to state the issue, based on his personal perusal of the file, and the new figure, if thus confirmed, can be adopted. Nishidani (talk) 19:30, 10 October 2019 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 11 October 2019
Please add this information from historical documents that was deleted from this page:

"Contemporary reports accessed via the British Archives at Kew, including File CO 537/3855, and CIPD reports that listed the killed and wounded from the incident, state five Arabs died during the attack, with another four succumbing to injuries over the next two days. Seven of the nine appear to be adult males, two were children. The British Police documented that five Arabs and three Jews were directly killed in the fighting: "29 Jews opened fire on Balad al-Shaykh from the hillside. The fire was returned by the Arabs and the resulting exchange of fire lasted for some thirty minutes. At 02.25 hours the attackers withdrew. During the engagement the following casualties were incurred:

Amadi Hussan Wasaf age 14 (died at scene) Ahmad Rashid Mahmoud age 20 (died at scene) Zihour Rahid Akkoni age 11 (died at scene) Rashid Ali Mahmoud age 80 (died at scene) Hussein Zahour Yuni Arwan age 24 (died at scene) Zemen Abdul Hamid age 25 (succumbed to injuries) Sherif Mohammed Eissa age 30 (succumbed to injuries) Ali Abdul Hamad age 20 (succumbed to injuries) Mohammed Yusef Hasal age ? (succumbed to injuries) The British reports from the scene indicate the Palmach attack had been driven back (File WO 275/67). The original Haganah estimates were based on unconfirmed and conflicting reports. Morris had stated anywhere between twenty-one and sixty. The actual fatality count from the attack seems to be 12: nine Arabs, three Jews. " (these documents are cited on /) <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:50, 11 October 2019 (UTC)
 * The edit cannot be made because it, unfortunately, violates WP:OR. Get it reliably published and there will be no problem.Nishidani (talk) 13:08, 11 October 2019 (UTC)

The original documents from the National Archives in Kew are included on the source: File WO 275/67 is a War Office file, also cited here: https://www.academia.edu/34827513/Palestine_1948. File CO 537/3855 is also shown here: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:British_Mandate_Police_CID_File_CO_537-3855_describing_the_incident.png
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: As User:Nishidani said, please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made.  LakesideMiners My Talk Page 13:10, 11 October 2019 (UTC)
 * This is interesting and quite possibly correct, but it can't be mentioned in the article until it is properly published. You want to question the casualty figures published by multiple authors based on Hagana reports, but you haven't done the research that you need to do before it is publishable. Most particularly, you haven't examined the Hagana reports and instead just dismiss them unseen. It is not good enough. You also pretend to have discovered CO 537/3855 but Morris cited it in different publications for other events in that same month. You also claim that Morris relied on Milstein, but Morris (in Birth Revisited) does not mention Milstein or any archive reference numbers matching Milstein's. Personally I suspect some confusion between deaths and casualties, but that's a guess. Zerotalk 13:26, 12 October 2019 (UTC)

Official police report
hi. I have introduced the figures contained in the official British police report. I don't understand why you have reverted it.
 * 1) You have NEVER, EVER doubted an iota of what the British authorities have put on paper. This has always been your golden standard, no questions asked.
 * 2) It remains a massacre, but these are the real figures. It's ridiculous to accept as sources The Times, a newspaper published on another continent, and sources based on the villagers' and the Palmach fighters' declarations (mind "fog of battle", braggery, self-interest) and reject the neutral and overly detailed police report (NAMES, residence, age, hour,...).
 * 3) "Via": I guess what you dislike is the person who posted the authentic documents online. That's neither here, nor there. You have so many times posted Mandate and cartographic material, and half of the editors might not like your point of view, but the merit of the material itself made it acceptable as a "reliable source". B. Morris started off as a "New Historian", and took a U-turn towards nationalistic Israeli positions - so what? The documents are what matters, not the interpretation and the person who publishes them.
 * 4) A massacre is a massacre is a massacre. 7 dead and 30 injured including 2 children, constitute a massacre. There certainly were armed fighters among them, otherwise the Palmach wouldn't have had to retreat in a hurry with 3 dead and several injured, but that's neither here nor there. So the essence is not changed, but the accuracy of the numbers is increased. Win-win. No reason to revert, especially not wholesale ("Palestinian" written small, citation templates and all).

This said, I'm confident that the matter can be left as it is now. Have a nice day, Arminden (talk) 09:26, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

 * I strongly object to your characterisation of my editing. I would never ever take primary documents from an activist blog and present them as reliable sources. What you are doing is original research. How do you know that there isn't another page a few days later which gives more names? You don't. Those documents, if genuine, show people still dying two days after the massacre. Did you know that a further three days later the government hospital where most of the casualties went issued a statement that 17 had died and 34 were injured? It did. Did you know that newspapers reported on an additional death two days after that? That happened too. You see, this isn't a simple question and we must rely on qualified people to investigate properly. Investigating properly means looking at all the evidence, not finding a few pages and claiming that everything else must be dismissed unseen. That's what historians are for. So, no, it cannot stand like this. Zerotalk 12:04, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
 * let's take it easy. I'm not accusing you of anything, I've pretty much always accepted the value of your well-researched sources to be the final argument. Still, you are using maps for various conclusions, beyond plain topography, which is perfectly fine with me. Here I'm not even touching on Collier's comments. I'm not his pal or ally and wouldn't like to be. What I'm relating to is the police file, whose authenticity is not contested. That is no more or less a primary source than a map. Maps are also made by people, some more accurate in their work than others. I can see no difference. Survey Department vs Criminal Investigation Department. I am trying to stay equidistant. Not rhetorically, but actually. I am trying to inform myself before anything else, and wouldn't like to be lying to myself.
 * Yes, if you do know about further deaths, that adds essential information to the issue; then please do add it to the references, otherwise others might end up where I have: not taking the figures seriously. I have no problem with a proven death toll of 100, if that's what it was, and each one would be tragic. I'm trying to get as close as possible to the truth. However, you cannot have a maximum (minding overlaps) of 9+30=39 official casualties on January 1-3, and 60-70 dead in the final count. One must believe in a continuum of miracles in the Holy Land from Jesus' fish & loaves to 1948 to accept such arithmetic developments.
 * I am trying my very best NOT to have an agenda, not to be anyone's mouthpiece. This goes both ways. The problem is, there are activists on both sides, and when I sense that an article is skewed to one side, I'm trying to fix it. Here for instance, it's the issue of the chicken and the egg: I'm pretty sure that the Irgun terrorists had their own motivation, some other attack committed by Arabs, who had another attack, committed by Jews as a cause, and so on all the way to the Battle of the Trench or maybe Herzl's birthday, I don't care. Choosing to start the background section with the Irgun attack is already a very significant decision. Not presenting the actual major starting point, the Partition resolution which got the civil war escalating. If there's a tendency throughout the article, I start looking at details - and sometimes, like here, things show up.
 * So, no reason to take things personal, but every reason to contribute whatever additional good info we have. Shame it escalated like this over an incident that didn't have the impact of, say, Deir Yassin; that's arguably a topic worth more dispute (for others, not for me), here it's more academic. But you of all people should give numbers the reverence they deserve, even when completely disconnected of any further meaning - just because they reflect a dry, physical, to a degree palpable reality. Cheers, Arminden (talk) 13:09, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Arminden. In addition to the technical reservations Zero makes. It's frustrating, knowing there are partial snippets of authentic archival sources occasionally out there, but one can't use them because it's beyond our remit. If a POV pushing hyperZionist reproduces one or two archive photos of material, then yes, that is pertinent, but one just has to wait for the serious scholarly world to revisit the whole archival picture and publish the result in a peer reviewed journal.
 * In this case, in the immediate aftermath of the massacre, a large number of those villager families fled to Acre, Nablus and Jenin. Were they interviewed, in these dispersed locations, by the British authorities? etc. Any historian worth his salt would measure the utility of conflicting archival resports by examining whether or not those people were interviewed, or who supplied the details. We don't know.
 * Apart from the technical abuse of using an inept source like Collier, you have misused him in writing:-
 * "According to the British Mandate police files kept at The National Archives at Kew in Greater London, on the Arab side 7 adult males and 2 children were killed,"
 * No! One of two files in British Mandatory archives would have been neutral. On Collier's blog he cites 2 archival documents from that source, which contradicts each other- One says 14 died, the other (b) 5 with (c) 4 succumbing later (9) He discounts (a) because it is an Arab narrative, though the British archive report specifically write that this number (14): 'given by villagers believed authentic.' Note that the British report naming the victims identify only 2 children, and no women, unlike the Haganah reports which would have every reason not to mention women and children killed, and note that 2 women and 5 children were killed). You just concur with one archive version, discard the Haganah versions, in the face of a patent internal conflict in both the British and Haganah archives, all because you blindly led credence to a Brit blogger over standard historians.

 * This is therefore another endless case of primary document conflict, and you just happen to prefer Collier's confused spin on a couple of days ('several days') in the Kew archives ('for reasons I cannot currently mention'  -oh, how hush-hush). C'mon! Collier's blog is notable only for its highly selective use of archives, and he makes ridiculous generalizations that show he hasn't the faintest grasp on the details of the period. I've told you on my page the precise figures about land possession in 1948. This is Collier's puerile spin:
 * "The Jews bought land. The Arabs violently objected to the Jewish presence. The Arabs sought conflict, lost their gamble, and now they want Jews to compensate them for lands that in some cases, the Jews already bought 100 years ago. It’s absurd. It doesn’t matter that the Jews acted in a shitty way a times too. The Jews won the fight, they have spent 100 years turning a backwater into a diverse and dynamic nation, and the gamblers want ‘compensation’ for a gamble they lost"
 * I think Goofy could write a more neutral spin than that. The man's incompetent. Sorry, but you should at a minimum get some consensus for stuff like that before plunking it on a wiki page and reverting it when contradicted on policy grounds.Nishidani (talk) 13:24, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
 * (Somebody was faster than me, I had written this as a PS, but drove straight into an "edit conflict"/simultaneous contrib.) I only saw it now: this has been discussed already once on this talk-page. It might even have been by Collier, since it's anonymous. I think I brought a few new angles into it. Beyond anything else, 39 cannot become 60-70. And let's be serious, at least half of the sources we use on I/P are books published in the 19th century or the early 20th, period newspapers, maps from Napoleon's time onwards, and when we want to feel safe, books written by historians who change their angle by 180 degrees mid-career (Morris) or others who don't even come close to what is considered to be some kind of consensus (Pappé). The British police report shines like a diamond among such material.
 * I've drawn my own conclusions and made my peace with battles not worth fighting, so I'll insist no more on this topic. There isn't anything to lose or gain here except theoretical accuracy on the one hand, and a good working atmosphere with you on the other, so I'll let it rest. Arminden (talk) 13:30, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry about this tiff and it won't disturb our work here. I constantly get pissed off by sighting reliable sources that are inaccurate or just miss so much of either the documented record, or the primary source riches. Of course I have a strong private view about this area's history: I think it grossly underreported or flawed. In the 1930 Hebron massacre, the figures of those who died, not only from the merciless blades of Arab fanatics, but heart attacks, -if you go to contemporary newspaper reports - varies from 59 to 62-64, but a large number of sources give 67.(that is the end figure, including victims of heart attacks in the aftermath, from the horror witnessed, and other causes. 59 died on the day directly from wounds, several lingered on). I thought that important detail, though it's hard to source with top-tier RS. No, that desire for precision was shouted down by editors who I expect thought I was trying thereby the undercut the dimension of the slaughter (compare giving the ascertained 5,300,000-5,500,000 figure for Jews slaughtered in the Holocaust -only an anti-Semite can say that, even if Hilberg and Bauer go for the more conservative figure rather than the round 6,000,000 provided by a Nazi figure in an interview). An estimated 13,000 Palestinians died in the conflict from 1947-1948 vs 6,000+ Jews. We know a considerable amount regarding the latter, names etc., but almost nothing of the former. I don't fight these battles, and trust that eventually, somewhere down the short future left to humanity, the consensus towards precision will be established. Wiki's frustrating enough without pushing something which, however archivally probable, still hasn't reached the RS highbar. There are 30 kilometres of tunneled archives conserving the French bureaucratic documentation on their occupation of Lebanon/Syria under mandatory terms, if I recall correctly. I'd reckon less than 1% of that has an echo in historiography. It's extremely grating to know huge volumes of info are out there, and we are compelled to admit the frailty of our awareness, however much we burrow broadly and deeply into the available RS. Cheers Nishidani (talk) 13:56, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

[Edit conflict, again. TWICE! Must have stepped into... something here :)) Quick!] ... and now I see it was. Hi! Wait a minute. You're (half) knocking at open doors. The guy is not the issue, he's as beyond the pale as Morris in his 2nd incarnation. Which doesn't mean he can't hit on something every now and then - auch ein blindes Huhn Huhn findet mal ein Korn. The figures don't add up. The gap between 39 and 70 is unbridgeable. The Balad al-Sheikh article probably acknowledged this and goes with "14-60", adding further details left out here ("combination of Palmach and Haganah forces who entered the town and fought mostly inside the houses, resulting in mostly non-combatant casualties.") It also states: "Following the attack, on January 7, 1948, part of the residents of the village left and were replaced by Arab volunteers who came from Haifa to defend the village." They didn't rush out the next day, dead & injured in their backpacks to take care of or bury in Acre, Nablus or Jenin. (Which weren't, by the way, as now, part of a different entity, with the CIP losing track of things.) You don't normally pack and go with severely injured relatives. So stating the figure "70" as a fact and the background presentation is what set me off, which I already regret, as I don't really care much. Something in the range of 100 people from Haifa & surroundings were killed within 24 hours due to murderous instincts and jungle laws. With bullets, grenades, fists and boots, working tools, stones and chains, whatever came in handy. Butchery after the Great Butchery of WWII. I do sometimes care about understanding facts and mentalities, but not enough as to justify putting in so much time & effort and arguing with people I don't want to argue with. I'll keep my conclusions to myself and take Wiki as seriously as it deserves. Arminden (talk) 14:01, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
 * In Collier's position what I for one would do is notify an area expert on the period, preferably resident in England, provide the documentation, and suggest this be chased up by someone. One should be humble in these things and not keep for ourselves on an unquotable blog research which deserves investigation to correct a flawed record. Don't put down Wikipedia too much. It's flawed, but, despite recent rumours about egos, anonymous people put in a huge amount of collective private time in unpaid attempts to get facts right. It's frustrating etc., but in the end, this moronic planet gets a somewhat better picture than tabloids and TV allow.Nishidani (talk) 14:11, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
 * [4th "edit conflict"! :)) Which is none, misnomer.] I see we were basically writing the same thing simultaneously. Big words like "honouring every dead person" is nice, but figures on a page remain figures, be it the Holocaust or Balad al-Sheikh. To the relatives and the diffuse common memory of larger groups, yes, it's personal and it takes a completely different dimension, but that's far beyond an encyclopaedia's range. Only tendencies set by agendas are not acceptable, as they offend and hurt those subjectively involved, misinform the others, and lead to much more misery in the future - and may it be somewhat longer than you predict! Cheers, Arminden (talk) 14:15, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
 * The prediction’s not mine. I have long been a regular listener to Late Night Live, and over the last decade followed and learnt from Satyajit Das, whose economystic ideas were on the cusp of 'liberal rationality', though I thought them shortsighted. So listening to this latest interview the other day, I was surprised to see him pessimistic about post 2100 centuries. That particular nook in the global woods is well worth checking on regularly. The conversation is what conversation used to be, alert, vernacular, and deeply informed. May ease the tedium, pal, at the expense of exacerbating one's existential angst. So weigh up the pros and cons before listening in. Cheers
 * Perfect proposition, perfect as in "ideal": far too remote from my reality. Unless you do know someone to call in London? Someone who can have the result published in more than a blog? Which I actually trust you can. I certainly don't. Wiki serves two purposes for me: as a source of information, also "on the go", when I don't have all my books and files with me; and as an intellectual challenge, of which the daily routine offers close to none. But what takes over more often than not is some kind of compulsion. This article pressed several of my buttons at once. Not anymore. If you do manage to find a researcher, I'd be more than happy to hear about it, that would make it real again. Thanks, Arminden (talk) 14:27, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

Thank you for the edits! Horrible subject, bad enough however you look at it; the more context, the better one can start remotely relating to the events. Cheers, Arminden (talk) 15:57, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
 * I don't know anyone in that research (I/P) area. When I read an author like Morris, on a topic like this, 'my buttons get pressed' nearly every paragraph. Just on this, I wondered whether Hawassa was just a quarter of Haifa or an independent village; why we have no real details on the specific actions there in December '47., etc.etc. The archives have all the details, but Morris is, despite his wide and at times minute coverage, very often scarce with them, (as perhaps not fitting his narrative). Most of real history goes unrecorded. Regards Nishidani (talk) 18:27, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

Haganah reports
From Professor Uri Ben-Eliezer of the U of Haifa in 2019:

His source is Shaul Avigur's report in volume 3 of ספר תולדות ההגנה (the official History of the Haganah), page 1414.

do you have access to this?

Onceinawhile (talk) 13:43, 11 December 2021 (UTC)

 * Benny Morris, in the quote currently in our article under the "Incident" section, cites: ‘01011’ to HIS-AD, 6 Jan. 1948, HA 105\32 aleph. and ‘00001’ to HIS-AD, ‘Subject: The Attacks on Balad al Sheikh and Hawassa’, 9 Jan. 1948, HA 105\32 aleph.. Onceinawhile (talk) 21:42, 11 December 2021 (UTC)

hi. I can't read Hebrew, so sorry, but no. Arminden (talk) 16:49, 11 December 2021 (UTC)
 * . There is nothing about it on page 1414 of volume 3. The next page describes a different operation in the Hula valley. This book can be found here . Alaexis¿question? 21:33, 11 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Thank you . This is the 1972 version; Ben-Eliezer is quoting the 1955 version, so the page numbering must be off. Onceinawhile (talk) 21:46, 11 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I tried to search for Balad al-Shaykh but the search doesn't work unfortunately. Alaexis¿question? 21:53, 11 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Avigur was one of the editors of this work. I don't think it is correct to call it Avigur's report. Morris and Milstein both cite original reports, and Milstein also interviewed participants. Zerotalk 00:00, 12 December 2021 (UTC)

It is on page 1383. Here is the relevant paragraph and a Google-assisted translation. Alaexis, please feel free to correct any OCR errors and improve the translation in situ. הטבח בבתי הזיקוק בי״ז בטבת תש״ח (30.12.47 ), שבא כתוצאה ממעשה תגובה בלתי אחראי של אנשי האצ״ל, הביא את פיקוד ה״הגנה" לפעולת תגמול גדולה בכפר ממנו באו רוב המרצחים - בלד־א־שיך. 4 מחלקות מהגדוד הראשון של הפלמ״ח ושתי מחלקות חי״ש מחיפה (בסך־הכל כ־170 איש) יצאו מיגור אור לי״ח בטבת (31.12) ופקודה ניתנה "להקיף את הכפר, לפגוע במספר גברים גדול ככל האפשר, לחבל ברכוש, להימנע מפגיעה בנשים ובילדים" (דוח). בהגיעם לכפר נתקלו הלוחמים באש שבאה ממנו ומחיילי "הלגיון" שחנו במחנות סמוכים. האנשים פרצו לכפר והחלו בפעולה. "בגלל אש שנורתה מתוך החדרים, אי־אפשר היה להימנע מפגיעה גם בנשים ובילדים". אבידות הערבים הגיעו כדי למעלה מ־60 הרוגים. בקרב נפלו חיים בן־דור, איש פלמ״ח שהתנדב לפעולה זו, עמוס גלילי, סגן מפקד פלוגות חי״ש של הסטודנטים בטכניון, ומפקד חי״ש באזור יגור, חנן זלינגר, שהיה בין המפקדים על הפעולה. כשנה לאחר מכן, כאשר יושבה בלד־א־שיך בעולים יהודים׳ נקרא המקום על שמו, תל־חנן. "The massacre at the refineries on 17 Tevet 5768 (December 30, 1947), which came as a result of an irresponsible action by Irgun members, led the Haganah command to a large retaliatory operation in the village from which most of the murderers came - Balad-a-Sheikh. Four divisions of the First Palmach Battalion and two divisions of Haifa from Haifa (a total of about 170 people) went out at dusk(??) on 18 Tevet (31.12) and an order was given to 'surround the village, harm as many men as possible, sabotage property, but to avoid harming women and children' (report). Arriving at the village, the fighters encountered fire coming from it and Arab Legion soldiers stationed in nearby camps. The men broke into the village and began action. 'Because of fire coming from the rooms, it was impossible to avoid harming women and children.' The casualties of the Arabs amounted to more than 60 dead. In the battle were Haim Ben-Dor, a Palmach man who volunteered for this operation, Amos Galili, deputy commander of the students' HIS companies at the Technion, and HIS commander in the Yagur area, Hanan Zellinger, who was among the commanders for the operation. About a year later, when Balad-a-Sheikh was inhabited by Jewish immigrants, the place was named after him, Tel Hanan." The value of 60 deaths is the largest I have seen, though this is complicated by the possibility that they included Arab Legion soldiers. Zerotalk 02:18, 12 December 2021 (UTC)
 * This is fascinating thank you. My observations:
 * They accept Haganah responsibility for the Haifa refinery massacre. Not entirely balanced though: the Irgun were just "irresponsible" throwing grenades into a crowd, not "murderers" which they use later in the same sentence.
 * The Balad al-Shaykh massacre was a formally ordered operation. "Harm as many men as possible" is authorization for murder of innocent people.
 * The Tel Hanan area of Nesher, which was built on top of Balad al-Shaykh, was named after one of these murderers.
 * I look forward to seeing David Collier write about these points in his blog. Onceinawhile (talk) 07:51, 12 December 2021 (UTC)
 * They accept Haganah responsibility for the Haifa refinery massacre no, they don't. They say the Haifa refinery massacre happened due to an irresponsible retribution attack by Irgun. Alaexis¿question? 16:26, 12 December 2021 (UTC)

References & Bibliography need fixing
Two Morris titles, not one, so year needs to be added. Once there's a "Bibliography" section, it must be used. Can't do it myself right now. Arminden (talk) 16:55, 11 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Balad al-Shaykh massacre


text:
selvästi

Adverb

 * 1) clearly, in a clear manner
 * 2) obviously, evidently
 * 3) loud and clear of voice; in a clear and easily understandable manner

title: selvästi


text:
Birgit Brock-Utne

Birgit Brock-Utne (born 4 May 1938) is a Norwegian educator and politician.

Personal life
Brock-Utne was born in Oslo on 4 May 1938, to Gerhard Brock-Utne and translator Gertrud Hessenberg. From 1960 to 1973 she was married to judge Bård Gaarder, and in 1973 she was married to politician and diplomat Gunnar Garbo (1924–2016).

Career
Brock-Utne was professor at the University of Dar-es-Salaam from 1987 to 1992, and professor at the University of Oslo from 1995. Among her books are Kunnskap uten makt from 1980 (with Runa Haukaa), ''Educating for Peace. A Feminist Perspective from 1985, and En mors tåre. Vi som mister våre barn på veiene'' from 1986.

title: Birgit Brock-Utne


text:
Sanjiv Bhattacharya

Sanjiv Bhattacharya is a British journalist, based in the US. He was born in London and graduated from the University of Cambridge where he studied philosophy. His book Secrets and Wives: The Hidden World of Mormon Polygamy explores the polygamy west, including the Kingstons, who for over a century have also practiced incest breeding techniques, believing they are descendants from Abraham and Jesus.

A former features editor and current contributing editor for British GQ, he has written for several magazines and newspapers including The Observer, The Daily Telegraph, The Times, The Los Angeles Times, Marie Claire, Maxim and Details. He writes generally about social issues, fringe groups, the entertainment industry and boxing.

In 2006, he wrote and presented the Channel Four documentary The Man With 80 Wives, about Warren Jeffs, the fugitive prophet of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. He was subsequently commissioned by Simon & Schuster to write a book of investigative journalism about Mormon polygamy.

In 2008, he was appointed Editor of GQ India.

He lives in Los Angeles, California.

title: Sanjiv Bhattacharya


text:
Rogen moraine

A Rogen moraine, also called ribbed moraine, is a subglacially (i.e. under a glacier or ice sheet) formed type of moraine landform, that mainly occurs in Fennoscandia, Scotland, Ireland and Canada. It is one of the three main types of hummocky moraines. They cover large areas that have been covered by ice, and occur mostly in what is believed to have been the central areas of the ice sheets. Rogen moraines are named after Lake Rogen in Härjedalen, Sweden, the landform's type locality. Rogen Nature Reserve serves to protect the unusual area.

The landform occurs in groups that are often closely and regularly spaced. They consist of glacial drift, with till being the most common constituent. The individual moraines are large, wavy ridges orientated transverse to ice flow. Drumlins are often found in close proximity to Rogen moraines, and are often interpreted to be formed at the same time as the Rogen moraines. Although Rogen moraines can span a large range of sizes, the most common distribution seems to be 10–30 metres high, 150–300 metres wide and 300–1,200 metres long.

The exact mechanics of Rogen moraine formation are not known, but since the 1970s, several theories on the formation have been proposed:
 * Megaripples eroded in the basal ice fill during subglacial outburst floods.
 * Already existing landforms, such as drumlins and flutes or marginal moraines are reshaped due to a ≈90° change in the direction of the ice flow.
 * Debris-rich basal ice or pre-existing sediments are sheared and stacked, or folded during compressive ice flow.
 * Shearing of sediment under a glacier causes growth of waves with spacing characteristic of Rogen moraine (300 m to 1000 m).
 * Sediment sheets become fractured and extended during a transition of the overlying glacier from being cold based ice to warm based.

However, it has been suggested that, due to the diversity of morphological characteristics displayed by Rogen moraine, different processes might be able to create the landform. This means that all of the processes mentioned above might be correct. The different theories that proposed a formation near or at the glacial margin have largely been abandoned. Some of these theories proposed that Rogen moraines had an origin as a series of end moraines, that they formed in association with calving ice termini in glacial lakes, or that Rogen moraines formed in dead ice, where supraglacial material fell down into crevasses in the ice.

title: Rogen moraine


text:
Talk:Dawn Upshaw

Fair use rationale for Image:Dawn-upshaw.jpg
Image:Dawn-upshaw.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 21:43, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Removing 'rock star' comment
I am moving the 'rock star' comment until it is referenced. It sounds too POV to stay on her page until there is clear citation.
 * "Some feel that her rendition of Golijov's Ayre made her almost seem a charismatic rock-singer. "

Thanks.Zigzig20s (talk) 09:06, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dawn Upshaw


text:
Women's studies

Part of Social Sciences

Introduction and Descripton
Welcome to Wikiversity's Department of Women's Studies

Hello! The Wikiversity Department of Women's Studies has just been founded. If you are knowledgable about any of the topics listed below, or about other Women's Studies topics, your help would be extremely appreciated if you make a contribution.

Please do not delete learning projects. Instead, try to add a project if you would like it to be offered or if you would like to offer it.

Core Lessons

 * Introduction to Wiki AND
 * /Women in Perspective/ OR
 * /International Perspectives on Women/ AND
 * /Feminist Theory/

Tracks
Please Choose Any Section Below:

Multiculturalism and Diversity

 * /International Perspectives on Women/
 * /Women of Color/
 * /Trans Perspectives in the Early 21st Century/
 * /Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspective/
 * /Latinas in the Americas/
 * /World Literature: African Women Writers/
 * /African-American Women Writers/
 * Gays and Lesbians in U.S. History
 * Queer Studies
 * /Life Histories of African Women/
 * /Race, Class and Gender/
 * /Women in World Religions/
 * /Psychology of Lesbian Culture/
 * /Sociology of Race, Class and Gender/

Nature; Science
Suggested courses for this track:

 * Reproductive Technologies and the Future of Motherhood
 * Biology of Women
 * Economic Issues of Gender
 * Women’s Health
 * Perspectives on Rape and Sexual Assault
 * Women, Gender and Science
 * Women, Society and Radiation
 * The American Woman in Sport
 * Special Topics: Women and Law
 * Sex Differences: Psychological Perspectives
 * Gender Identity in Transition
 * Special Topics: Psychology of Women
 * Issues in Domestic Violence
 * Women and Crime

Arts and Humanities
Suggested courses for this track:

 * Women in Art
 * Identity and Culture: Gender and Media in Global Perspective
 * Women and Gender in Film
 * Honors Seminar in Literature: Emily Dickinson
 * Honors Seminar in Literature: Austen and the Brontes
 * Film and Literature: Austen/Shelley/Hollywood
 * Special Topics: Literature of Women
 * Women Writers
 * Voices of Medieval Women
 * Topics in British Literature: Virginia Woolf
 * Topics in World Literature: African-American Writers
 * Topics in World Literature: Black Women Writers
 * Topics in British Literature: Unfortunate Women
 * Women in 20th Century U.S. History
 * Comparative History of the Modern Family: 1750-Present
 * Historical Themes: Women in Ancient Greece
 * Historical Themes: Modern European Women
 * Historical Themes: African-American Women in History
 * Women in Western Music
 * Feminist Philosophy
 * Philosophical Topics: Simone de Beauvoir
 * Hispanic Popular Cultures: Mexican Cultural Symbols: La Malinche, La Virgen de Guadalupe and La Llorona
 * Special Topics: Latin American Women Writers

Interdisciplinary
Suggested courses for this track:

 * Themes and Issues in Women’s Studies
 * Women’s Culture and Creativity
 * Women’s Words, Women’s Lives
 * Women, Work and Family
 * Women and Medicine
 * Women and Sexuality
 * Women and Aging
 * Topics in Women’s Studies: Gender, Development and Globalization
 * Topics in Women’s Studies: Women, the Environment and Health
 * Seminar in Women’s Studies
 * Directed Readings for Honors in Women’s Studies
 * Directed Readings for Women’s Studies
 * Internship in Women’s Studies
 * Honors Thesis

Active participants
The histories of Wikiversity pages indicate who the active participants are. If you are an active participant in this department, you can list your name here (this can help small departments grow and the participants communicate better).
 * mehmetaergun 16:32, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia

 * Women's Studies
 * First-wave feminism
 * Second-wave feminism
 * Third-wave feminism
 * Feminist studies
 * Feminism
 * Men's studies
 * Radical feminism
 * Psychoanalytic feminism
 * Anarcha-feminism
 * New feminism
 * Domestic violence
 * Equal pay for women
 * Equal Rights Amendment
 * Feminist history in the United States
 * Feminist history in the United Kingdom
 * Feminist history in Poland
 * Feminist history in Latin America
 * Feminist theology
 * Gender studies
 * Gender-neutral language
 * History of feminism
 * Islamic feminism
 * Lesbian feminism
 * List of feminism topics
 * List of notable feminists
 * Role of women in Judaism
 * Suffragettes
 * Women's cinema
 * Women's Environment & Development Organization
 * Women's music
 * Sex/gender distinction

Wikibooks

 * Feminism (see the contents)
 * Introduction to the Sociology of Gender
 * Feminist Literary Criticism

External resources

 * Women's Studies Resources at the University of Iowa - This site, in continuous operation since 1996, features the following annotated links pages: Activism, Art, Communication and Media, Development - WID, Feminist Theory, General or Mixed Indexes & Searches, History, Literature, Music and Sports. Not connected to the U. Iowa Women's Studies Department.
 * index.html Women's Studies Email List (WMST-L) - WMST-L is an international electronic forum for people involved in Women's Studies as teachers, researchers, librarians, and/or program administrators. It offers a rapid and cost-free way for participants to ask questions and exchange information about the academic side of Women's Studies: current research, teaching strategies, useful texts and films, online resources, innovative courses, building Women's Studies majors, minors, and graduate programs, and other academic issues. WMST-L also welcomes announcements about relevant conferences, calls for papers, job opportunities, publications, and the like.
 * WMST-L's online collection of files related to Women's Studies.
 * Women's Studies/Women's Issues Resource Sites - A frequently-updated, annotated, selective set of more than 700 links to sites offering resources and information about women's studies and/or women's issues. Includes 16 topical subsections, such as Activism, Arts and Humanities, Health, Cyberculture and Internet Information, Science and Technology, Sexuality and Sexual Orientation, Women of Color, and more.
 * Women's Studies Programs Worldwide - Approximately 700 listings in the US and around the world. Annotations identify programs offering graduate degrees or certificates. Frequently updated.
 * Gender-Related Electronic Forums - A frequently-updated listing and description of more than 600 e-mail lists that focus on women- or gender-related issues. Includes 16 topical subsections, such as Activism, Arts and Humanities, Business, Health, Motherhood, Religion and Spirituality, Science and Technology, Sports and Recreation, Sexuality and Sexual Orientation, Women of Color, and more.
 * Center for Women and Information Technology - ABCNews.com has called this site "the best resource on women and technology on the Web." The site offers information, news, resources, and initiatives that address women's use of information technology [IT] and their under-representation in the IT workforce. Includes a very large collection of web-based women- and gender-related syllabi and information about aid.html financial aid for women including women not in IT.
 * Linux Chix - LinuxChix is a community for women who like Linux, and for women and men who want to support women in computing.
 * Debian Women, founded in May 2004, seeks to balance and diversify the Debian Project (a major Linux distribution) by actively engaging with interested women and encouraging them to become more involved with Debian.
 * Ubuntu Women is a team functioning under Ubuntu (a major Linux distribution) to provide a platform and encouragement for women to contribute to Ubuntu-Linux, a Debian based free and open-source GNU/Linux software.
 * Heterosexuality Questionnaire that makes one think about how heterosexuality is taken for granted.
 * Wikigender: a wiki about gender equality and women's rights

title: Women's studies


text:
Discrete mathematics

Welcome to the Main Page of Discrete Mathematics!

These are the main topics we are going over in the course:
 * Topic:Logic
 * Topic:Set theory

Welcome to the Topic of Discrete Mathematics, a department of the School of Mathematics and School of Computer Science. Discrete mathematics is very important for studying computer science.

Why Learn Discrete Mathematics?
While many of the topics within Discrete Mathematics have been around for a long time, traditional education typically focused on Continuous Mathematics, such as calculus. With the widespread adoption of computers, the usefulness of discrete mathematics has dramatically increased. From basic logic in circuits, to number theory and cryptography, computer science inevitably relies upon discrete mathematics.

Learning discrete mathematics will...
 * Develop your critical thinking and formal reasoning skills.
 * Provide a foundation for learning computer science.
 * Develop your programming abilities (regardless of whether you have programmed before).
 * Familiarize you with the many different branches of mathematics.
 * Help you to "read mathematics."

Homework
To come.

Complete List of Subjects
Discrete Mathematics is a broad subject encompassing several formal systems for dealing with discrete quantities. If you are studying Discrete Mathematics as part of a related field, you may wish to follow a streamlined set of core topics that you need. A complete list of Discrete Mathematics topics is given below.
 * Algorithmics
 * Collections
 * Combinatorics
 * Complexity
 * Computability
 * Counting
 * Digital geometry
 * Digital topology
 * Functions
 * Graph theory
 * Information theory
 * Linear algebra
 * Markov chains
 * Number theory
 * Partially Ordered Sets
 * Probability
 * Proofs
 * Relations

Notable Textbooks

 * Discrete Mathematics With Applications by Susanna S. Epp
 * w: Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science by Donald Knuth.
 * Discrete Mathematics. An Open Introduction 3rd Edition by Oscar Levin

Off-site courses

 * 1) Discrete Math, Michael Damron, New York University, Fall 2008. (Earlier versions: Spring 2007)
 * 2) Introduction to Contemporary Mathematics, Larry Bowen, University of Alabama.
 * 3) Discrete Structures, Margaret Fleck and Eric Shaffer, Spring 2009
 * 4) Discrete Mathematics, Ben Maloney, University of Wollongong, Summer 2010-2011.
 * 5) Discrete Mathematics I,  Peter G. Binev, University of South Carolina, Fall 2006.

title: Discrete mathematics


text:
Awalt

Awalt may refer to:

 * Awalt, Tennessee, a ghost town in Franklin County
 * Rob Awalt, former professional American football player

title: Awalt


text:
Sclerolaena birchii

Sclerolaena birchii, commonly known as galvanised burr, is a perennial shrub native to inland Australia.

Description
Sclerolaena birchii grows to around 1 m in height and diameter, branches are hairy with obovate to narrow-obovate leaves that can grow from 5- 15mm long. Leaves are shortly petiolate, flat and long. Fruiting perianth is hard, occurs obliquely, elliptic, 2-3mm in length, usually 5 spines present, divergent, the 3 abaxial spines are longer (6-15mm), the 2 adaxial spines usually 1-2mm long. Persistent hair bases cause the base of the spine creates a rough texture; seed is erect.

Distribution and habitat
Sclerolaena birchii can be found as isolated individuals or dense stands, where there are coarse sandy soils, or duplex soils. The galvanised burr often occurs near a few vegetation communities such as: bimble box, mulga and cypress pine. Sclerolaena birchii is distributed throughout western NSW and has been found in VIC and QLD. Sclerolaena birchii is considered to be near threatened in the Northern Territory, least concern in Queensland, and of least concern in Victoria.

Taxonomy
Sclerolaena birchii is a member of Caryophyllales order which is estimated to contain around 12,500 species. A number of Caryophyllales species are characterised by extreme drought and cold tolerance. In some literature Sclerolaena birchii is classified under the Chenopodiaceae family and in other literature it is classified under the Amaranthaceae family. The relationship between the Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae remains unclear. The plant belongs to the genus Sclerolaena, which comprises low shrubs and herbs and has around 66 species that occur in semi-arid regions of Australia.

title: Sclerolaena birchii


text:
User:Jerry Jones

This user was briefly unblocked to participate in the discussion at Administrators%27_noticeboard. He agreed to edit only that page, but was reblocked after both anonymous editing and editing as were discovered and confirmed by checkuser. Fred Bauder 11:43, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

Contributions

 * First edit: 21:29, 19 March 2006
 * Last edit: 00:53, 16 July 2006

Pages with five or more edits.
 * Articles:
 * 52	Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
 * 35	United States
 * 33	Lindbergh kidnapping
 * 31	Charles Coughlin
 * 27	Charles Lindbergh
 * 19	Racism
 * 18	Samuel Dickstein (congressman)
 * 16	Ku Klux Klan
 * 16	Racism in the United States
 * 14	Paul Fromm (activist)
 * 14	Immigration Act of 1924
 * 13	John E. Rankin
 * 12	Magnuson Act
 * 11	Illegal immigration to the United States
 * 11	Theodore G. Bilbo

 * Talk:
 * 16	Thomas Jefferson
 * 15	Ku Klux Klan
 * 7	Charles Lindbergh
 * 6	Racism
 * 6	Talmud
 * 5	Charles Coughlin
 * 5	Racism in the United States

 * Image:
 * 7	JamieLWhitten.jpg
 * 5	Musgrove ronnie.jpg

 * User talk:
 * 42	Will Beback/Revisions
 * 12	Jerry Jones
 * 5	Michael Johnson

 * Wikipedia talk:
 * 6	WikiProject Wikipedians against censorship

title: User:Jerry Jones


text:
Mirogoj Cemetery

The Mirogoj City Cemetery (, Gradsko groblje Mirogoj), also known as Mirogoj Cemetery (Groblje Mirogoj), is a cemetery park that is considered to be among the more noteworthy landmarks in the city of Zagreb. The cemetery inters members of all religious groups: Catholic, Orthodox, Muslim, Jewish, Protestant, Latter Day Saints; irreligious graves can all be found. In the arcades are the last resting places of many famous Croats.

History
The Mirogoj Cemetery was built on a plot of land owned by the linguist Ljudevit Gaj, purchased by the city in 1872, after his death. Architect Hermann Bollé designed the main building. The new cemetery was inaugurated on 6 November 1876.

The construction of the arcades, the cupolas, and the church in the entryway was begun in 1879. Due to lack of funding, work was finished only in 1929.

Unlike the older cemeteries, which were church-owned, Mirogoj was owned by the city, and accepted burials from all religious backgrounds.

On 22 March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Zagreb was hit by a 5.5 magnitude earthquake that caused significant damage across the city, including the damage on the famous arcades of the Mirogoj cemetery.

Notable interments

 * Zlatko Baloković (1895–1965), violinist
 * Milan Bandić (1955–2021), longest-serving mayor of Zagreb
 * Ena Begović (1960–2000), actress
 * Miroslav Blažević (1935–2023), football player and later manager
 * Hermann Bollé (1845–1926), architect
 * Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić (1874–1938), writer
 * Ferdinand Budicki (1871–1951), automotive and air travel pioneer of Zagreb, introduced cars to the city
 * Krešimir Ćosić (1948–1995), basketball player and coach, member of both the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and FIBA Hall of Fame
 * Tošo Dabac (1907–1970), photographer
 * Arsen Dedić (1938–2015), singer-songwriter and composer
 * Dimitrija Demeter (1811–1872), Greek–Croatian who played a major role in the movement for the national awakening of the Croatian nation
 * Filip Deutsch (1828–1919), nobleman and industrialist
 * Julio Deutsch (1859–1922), architect and co-owner of the architecture studio Hönigsberg & Deutsch
 * Janko Drašković (1770–1856), nobleman, national reformer, politician and poet
 * Rajko Dujmić, songwriter and composer (1954–2020)
 * Hugo Ehrlich (1879–1936), architect
 * Aleksandar Ehrmann (1879–1965), industrialist, philanthropist and diplomat
 * Ljudevit Gaj (1809–1872), co-founder of the Illyrian movement
 * Leo Hönigsberg (1861–1911), architect and co-owner of the architecture studio Hönigsberg & Deutsch
 * Hosea Jacobi (1841–1925), Chief Rabbi of Zagreb
 * Miroslav Krleža (1893–1981), writer
 * Oton Kučera (1857–1931), astronomer
 * Zinka Kunc-Milanov (1906–1989), famous soprano
 * Svetozar Kurepa (1929–2010), mathematician
 * Ante Kovačić (1854–1889), writer
 * Vatroslav Lisinski (1819–1854), composer
 * Vladko Maček (1879–1964), politician
 * Savić Marković Štedimlija (1906–1971), publicist
 * Anđelka Martić (1924–2000), writer
 * Antun Gustav Matoš (1873–1914), writer
 * Andrija Mohorovičić (1857–1936), seismologist
 * Edo Murtić (1921–2005), painter
 * Vladimir Nazor (1876–1949), writer
 * Maximilian Njegovan (1858–1930), Commander-in-chief and admiral of the Austro-Hungarian Navy
 * Slavoljub Eduard Penkala (1871–1922), inventor
 * Dražen Petrović (1964–1993), basketball player, member of both the Naismith and FIBA Halls of Fame
 * Milka Planinc (1924–2010), first and only female prime minister of Yugoslavia
 * Vladimir Prelog (1906–1998), Nobel prize-winning chemist
 * Petar Preradović (1818–1872), poet
 * Stjepan Radić (1871–1928), leader of the Croatian Peasants Party
 * August Šenoa (1838–1881), writer
 * Ivica Šerfezi (1935–2004), singer and politician supporter of Croatian Peasant Party
 * Ivan Šubašić (1892–1955), last Ban of Croatia
 * Milka Ternina (1863–1941), famous soprano
 * Franjo Tuđman (1922–1999), the first president of Croatia
 * Vice Vukov (1936–2008), singer and politician
 * Tin Ujević (1891–1955), poet
 * Emil Uzelac (1867–1954), head of the Austro-Hungarian air force
 * Ivan Zajc (1832–1914), composer

Memorials

 * Monument to Fallen Croatian Soldiers in World War I (1919)
 * Monument to the children from the Kozara mountain
 * Tomb of the People's Heroes (1968)
 * Memorial Cross to Croatian Home Guard Soldiers (1993)
 * Monument to the Victims of Bleiburg and the Way of the Cross (1994)
 * German military cemetery (1996) for more than 4.430 deaths
 * Monument of the "Voice of Croatian Victims - Wall of Pain" (to Croatian victims of the Croatian War of Independence)

Location and access
It is located today in the Gornji Grad–Medveščak city district, on Mirogojska road and Hermann Bollé street.

ZET bus line 106 runs between the cemetery and the Kaptol bus terminal in the heart of Zagreb every 20 minutes during the cemetery's opening hours. A less frequent line, 203 (every 20–25 minutes), also starts from Kaptol by the same route, but continues further east to Svetice terminal, directly connecting to the Maksimir Park. Also, the line 226 goes by a similar route as the line 203, but goes through Remete. Also, it’s less frequent (every 35-40 minutes).

title: Mirogoj Cemetery


text:
Talk:Moshe Abutbul (politician)

Translation?
Is this article a direct translation of he:משה אבוטבול on the Hebrew Wikipedia? – Lord Bolingbroke (talk) 18:59, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * not direct. I did it myself did not use wikipedia machine. IsraeliIdan (talk) 19:04, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Manual translations can still be direct translations. Bear in mind that you need to provide attribution when translating a page from another Wikimedia project—see WP:TFOLWP. I've added the translated page template above, but ideally you should provide attribution in the edit summary when creating the article. – Lord Bolingbroke (talk) 19:16, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Moshe Abutbul (politician)


text:
Talk:Clinical cases/Case 1

What's the patient's platelet count? Purpura is a sign of thrombocytopenia.
 * The completed case addresses this. --Steven Fruitsmaak (Reply) 21:34, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Clinical cases/Case 1


text:
Leucostoma acirostre

Leucostoma acirostre is a European species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

Distribution
United States.

title: Leucostoma acirostre


text:
Category:Circumnavigations

Articles about circumnavigations, complete navigations around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body (e.g. a planet or moon). The first recorded circumnavigation of the Earth was the Magellan-Elcano expedition, which sailed from Seville, Spain in 1519 and returned in 1522, after crossing the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. Since the rise of commercial aviation in the late 20th century, circumnavigating Earth is straightforward, usually taking days instead of years.

title: Category:Circumnavigations