text:
Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2012 July 11

Template:Distribution fitting software

The result of the discussion was no consensus to delete, but consensus to move the external links to the article. Feel free to renominate if you still want it deleted. Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 02:23, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Distribution fitting software

Consists mainly of external links, with just single internal link. Possible confusion of purpose with Statistical software, as all "statistical packages" do "distribution fitting". Seems just a link farm. Melcombe (talk) 23:52, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * There appears to be no fundamental reason for deletion while the deletion proposal seems to be based on personal taste. The template "Distribution fitting" was added to the article Distribution fitting and forms an organic entity with it. Like any other contribution to Wikipedia, it can further develop and mature. Possible confusion with the template Statistical software is remote as the latter is not, like the first, aimed at a particular statistical subject but rather at forms of ownership/availability of the software. (The latter template might conveniently be renamed "Statistical software ownership/availability" or something similar.) Any statistical package that includes distribution fitting can be added to the distribution fitting template. Some already are. Asitgoes (talk) 08:50, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I thought there was some policy against using navigational boxes as external link farms? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:07, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * The editing guideline Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates does not mention external links at all. In the mean time two more internal links were placed on the template (Matlab and Statsoft). Asitgoes (talk) 12:45, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * the section you are looking for is in guideline Navigation templates which states that "Navigation templates do not provide WP:External links to other websites". it would seem like the best option would be to move the external links to an "External links" section in Distribution fitting. Frietjes (talk) 15:43, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * That is an essay. It is not a Wikipedia policy or guideline. Asitgoes (talk) 18:40, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * move the external links to the external links section, per External links, and remove any items without articles. navigation boxes are for navigating between existing articles. Frietjes (talk) 20:18, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * That may be a logical solution. In fact, the article contained such a section (see here), but it was removed by Melcombe, the initiator of this discussion. It seems that Melcombe does not want links to distribution fitting software on the distribution fitting page, neither in the form of a section nor in the form of a template. Asitgoes (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 21:33, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * In fact, the article previously contained a section in the body of the article headed "Software" consisting of external links, violating External links. But even then such links must satisfy WP:ELNO and in particular "Links to individual web pages that primarily exist to sell products or services, or to web pages with objectionable amounts of advertising" are to be avoided. The way to go would be to provide proper citations for information regarding particular software, where these should obey WP:CITE, but can contain links to external sites. Melcombe (talk) 00:45, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Citation from External links: Wikipedia uses the same standards for evaluating links to websites owned by for-profit and (real or purported) non-profit organizations. Links to potentially revenue-generating web pages are not prohibited, even though the website owner might earn money through advertisements, sales, or (in the case of non-profit organizations) donations. Choose which pages to link based on the immediate benefit to Wikipedia readers that click on the link. Asitgoes (talk) 08:32, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Melcombe apparently removed the "Software" section with external links on "Distribution fitting software" from the "Distribution fitting" article, suggesting that the links do not satisfy WP:ELNO and in particular he wishes to avoid "Links to individual web pages that primarily exist to sell products or services, or to web pages with objectionable amounts of advertising". Well, all the sites linked to provide extensive scientific info on distribution fitting, some give free software, other free trials or papers on the subject, one gives a free application for reviewing and editing an add-in for Microsoft Excel. There is no objectionable amount of advertising whatsoever. They could be of benefit to the reader. Given the fact that "links to potentially revenue-generating web pages are not prohibited" (see External links, where it is also advised to "choose webpages to link based on the benefit to Wikipedia readers"), it would seem that Melcombe needs to restore his deletion, in line with the opinion of user Frietjes. Or else leave the template alone. Asitgoes (talk)  —Preceding undated comment added 09:53, 14 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I've restored the external links to the article in question and properly formatted them. Whether they are all appropriate or not is a matter for discussion on hat talk page. This plainly isn't the purpose of a navbox and Asitgoes shouldn't have created one simply to circumvent the removal of said links from the article body. Chris Cunningham (user:thumperward) (talk) 11:42, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * The inherent assumption that Asitgoes created a template simply to circumvent the removal of links is biased. The template has usefulness of its own and is also used elsewhere. Asitgoes (talk) 13:25, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Precisely why it was created isn't really relevant. The point is that its existing content is inappropriate, and has now been folded back into the article from whence it was taken: if the external links are stripped then it only navigates three articles and is thus unnecessary. Chris Cunningham (user:thumperward) (talk) 15:26, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * There is no need and no necessity to strip the external links. They are not prohibited and can all be beneficial to the reader. Apart from that, how many articles are to be navigated at least to make it officially appropriate? Asitgoes (talk) 16:46, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * no precise number, but see the essay WP:NENAN. Frietjes (talk) 16:06, 17 July 2012 (UTC)

 * A second group was added to the template: Overview, with a new link that may be very useful for the reader who is looking for more information on distribution fitting. I am sorry for those who are critical about the presence of external links, and I have thoroughly reviewed Wikipedia internally again in an effort to detect other internal links that may be beneficial for the reader in this context. Unfortunately, so far, I was unable to find new suitable internal links in addition to those already present. However, I will continue to work on it. Asitgoes (talk) 09:27, 17 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Template re-edited, generalized and renamed to "Distribution fitting". Added two internal links, now there are five. Asitgoes (talk) 19:56, 17 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Three more internal links added. Now there are eight. Asitgoes (talk) 20:16, 17 July 2012 (UTC)

Template:WPTem & Template:WPCat

The result of the discussion was delete Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 02:01, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * WPTem
 * WPCat

unnecessary frontend to templates, since templates like WikiProject Ballet automatically detect that they are on a template talk page, and set the class to template. no need to even say "class=template". Frietjes (talk) 23:31, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. This is also incompatible with WPBANNERMETA switches, as it cannot accept named parameters. -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:08, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment Have added WPCat to the nomination. -- WOSlinker (talk) 21:31, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Template:Yi

The result of the discussion was delete Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 02:11, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * yi

per Ymu and others, we generally don't want to create WP:EGG links. there are exceptions where no consensus has been reached, which is why we have specific templates, like baseball year. also, the name is bad since it is frequently confused with Yi icon. Frietjes (talk) 23:26, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

Template:Scac

The result of the discussion was delete Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 02:15, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * scac

why not just name this template "please block me" per NOSHARE? Frietjes (talk) 23:08, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete per violation of WP:NOSHARE.—Yutsi Talk/  Contributions  ( 偉特 ) 03:15, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment someone should also block, which transcludes this template -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:10, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Template:SBRO

The result of the discussion was delete Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 02:17, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * SBRO

appears to have been a one time use template. Frietjes (talk) 23:06, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Strong delete per nom.—Yutsi Talk/  Contributions  ( 偉特 ) 03:15, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Template:SB bot

The result of the discussion was delete Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 02:18, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * SB bot

userfy? Frietjes (talk) 23:04, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Strong delete per decision of ArbCom.—Yutsi Talk/  Contributions  ( 偉特 ) 03:22, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Template:Row1

The result of the discussion was delete Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 02:18, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * row1
 * row2

better to just use wikimarkup directly. Frietjes (talk) 22:57, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unused; no obvious reason why you would want to use it. — This, that, and the other (talk) 03:09, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

Template:Rigidulous

The result of the discussion was userfy Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 02:20, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Rigidulous

userfy? Frietjes (talk) 22:53, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment looks like trout but smaller... tag with humour ? -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:27, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * humour is for essays, not for random baubles people stick in templatespace. Chris Cunningham (user:thumperward) (talk) 06:01, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

Template:Title case1

The result of the discussion was delete Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 02:20, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Title case1
 * Title case2

old, unused, uncategorized, and undocumented. Frietjes (talk) 22:49, 11 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Dirichlet conditions

Dirichlet conditions guarantee that a periodic function $$x(t)$$ can be exactly represented by its Fourier transform.

Readings

 * Dirichlet conditions

Condition 1
The function must be absolutely integrable over a single period $$T$$. This is equivalent to the statement that the area enclosed between the abcissa and the function is finite over a single period.

$$\int_T|x(t)|<\infty$$

Condition 2
Given any finite period of time the number of local maxima and minima of $$x(t)$$ within that period is finite.

Condition 3
Given any finite period of time there is a finite number of discontinuities in the function $$x(t)$$

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Dirichlet conditions


text:
ingaggiare

Etymology
..

Verb

 * 1) to take on, to engage, to recruit
 * 2) to sign (a sportsman for a team)

title: ingaggiare


text:
SS David E. Hughes

SS David E. Hughes (MC contract 1666) was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after David E. Hughes, an American musician, professor, and inventor.

The ship was laid down at the California Shipbuilding Corporation in Los Angeles, California, on 10 May 1943, then launched on 31 May 1943. She was operated durning World War II by the States Marine Corporation. While in the Western Pacific she delivered supplies to the Australians, ferried Australian troops, and delivered supplies to the Russian Army in Iran. On 4 April 1944 she transported the Australian 4th Battalion along with other 5th Division troops from Langemak Bay, Finschafen, Papua, New Guinea, then sailed to Saidor, a 21-hour voyage. She returned from Hollandia, Dutch West Indies to San Francisco on 5 January 1945 with her crew of nine men and US Navy Armed Guard contingent of 24 men. In 1948 she did post war work operated by W. R. Chamberlin & Company, then Boland and Cornelius Company and then United States Navigation Company. In 1949 she was placed in the US Reserve fleet. In 1950 she was remove from the Reserve fleet for support of the Korean War and operated by T. J. Stevenson & Company, Inc. and then Shepard Steamship Company. From 1957 to 1958 and in 1968 she was used to store surplus grain with the Blidberg Rothchild Company and then Moore McCormack Lines.

She was scuttled with obsolete ammunition in 1970.

title: SS David E. Hughes


text:
Alexandr Kontarev

Alexandr Kontarev (born 18 May 1938) is a Soviet hurdler. He competed in the men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

title: Alexandr Kontarev


text:
Fire and emergency management/Resources

''Below is a listing of a variety of resources and links. If you see one that doesn't work, please remove it... if there is one you would like added, please do so.''

Academic

 * The Art of War by Sun Tzu
 * Basics of Accounting
 * Handbook of Descriptive Statistics
 * How to Become a Good Student
 * Meeting Basics
 * Project Management Introduction
 * School:Mathematics/Undergraduate/Probability and Statistics This is an intermediate level text.
 * Study Skills A resource for how to study.
 * Writing in Business

CPR Related

 * First Aid
 * First Aid/CPR
 * Outdoor Survival

Disaster Emergency Operations Management
First Aid: An inter-cultural approach
 * Radiologic emergency operations 101: Proximal site evacuation
 * Radiologic emergency operations: 102: Shelter-in-place
 * Fire evacuation and emergency operations at the urban-wildland interface
 * A survey of first responder resources

Emergency Medical Services

 * Emergency Medicine
 * Physiology and Anatomy

Fire Fighter Materials

 * w:Background of Various Hong Kong Fire Departments
 * w:Background of Various United Kingdom's Fire Brigades
 * w:Background of Various United States Fire Departments
 * Personal Protective Equipment-Labeling and Information

Fire Officer

 * Management Strategy

First Aid
First Aid in Wilderness

First Aid in the City

First Responder

 * First responder models, an international survey
 * Spanish for first responders
 * Sign language for first responders

Technical Rescue

 * Knots
 * High Angle Rock Evacuation
 * Alpine Rescue
 * Glacier and Snowfield Rescue
 * Rescue Victims of a Building Collapse
 * Shark Victim Rescue

Training and Instruction

 * Philosophy of Education
 * Abraham Maslow
 * Bloom's Taxonomy
 * B.F. Skinner
 * Edward Thorndike
 * E-Learning
 * Instructional Systems Design
 * Instructional Technology
 * John Dewey
 * John B. Watson
 * Learning Theory
 * Philosophy of Education
 * Research Administration
 * Using Wikis in Training

How To's
''This section deals primarily with how to set up components of the Open Learning Project. Check here for specifics of formats, and ways to create components of the curriculum packages.''
 * Create a Random Lesson Plan
 * Developing Learning Objectives
 * Instructional Systems Design
 * Overview of how to add, edit, and create documents in Wikibooks
 * Manual of Style for Wikibooks
 * Policies and Guidelines for Wikibooks
 * PowerPoint Presentations

Online libraries
National Fire Academy's Learning Resource Center Online Catalog

Training resources
Brady Publishers

DoDFire.com

Extrication.com

International Fire Service Accreditation Congress

International Fire Service Training Association

International Society of Fire Service Instructors

Jones and Barlett Publishing

National Incident Management System Information

National Professional Qualification System

Open Office Software Suite

Thomson-Delmar Publishing

title: Fire and emergency management/Resources


text:
Savinovo

Savinovo (Савиново) is a rural locality (a selo) in Sokolovsky Selsoviet, Zonalny District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 539 as of 2013. There are 6 streets.

Geography
Savinovo is located 26 km southwest of Zonalnoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zhavoronkovo is the nearest rural locality.

title: Savinovo


text:
Electronics/RCL frequency domain

Figure 1: RCL circuit

Define the pole frequency $$\omega_n$$ and the dampening factor $$\alpha$$ as:

$$ \frac{R}{L}=2\alpha $$ $$ \frac{1}{LC}=\omega_n^2 $$

To analyze the circuit first calculate the transfer function in the s-domain H(s). For the RCL circuit in figure 1 this gives: $$ H(s)=\frac{s\big(s+2\alpha\big)}{s^2+2\alpha s+\omega_n^2} $$ $$ H(s)=\frac{s\big(s+2\alpha\big)}{\big(s+\alpha+j\sqrt{\omega_n^2-\alpha^2}\big)\big(s+\alpha-j\sqrt{\omega_n^2-\alpha^2}\big)} $$

When the switch is closed, this applies a step waveform to the RCL circuit. The step is given by $$Vu(t)$$. Where V is the voltage of the step and u(t) the unit step function. The response of the circuit is given by the convolution of the impulse response h(t) and the step function $$Vu(t)$$. Therefore the output is given by multiplication in the s-domain H(s)U(s), where $$U(s)=V\frac{1}{s}$$ is given by the Laplace Transform available in the appendix.

The convolution of u(t) and h(t) is given by: $$ H(s)U(s)=\frac{V\big(s+2\alpha\big)}{\big(s+\alpha+j\sqrt{\omega_n^2-\alpha^2}\big)\big(s+\alpha-j\sqrt{\omega_n^2-\alpha^2}\big)} $$

Depending on the values of $$\alpha$$ and $$\omega_n$$ the system can be characterized as:

3. If $$\alpha < \omega_n$$ the system is said to be underdamped The solution for h(t)*u(t) is given by: $$ h(t)*u(t)=Ve^{-\alpha t}\big(\cos(\sqrt{\omega_n^2-\alpha^2}t)+\frac{\alpha}{\sqrt{\omega_n^2-\alpha^2}}\sin(\sqrt{\omega_n^2-\alpha^2}t)\big) $$

Example
Given the following values what is the response of the system when the switch is closed?

First calculate the values of $$\alpha$$ and $$\omega_n$$: $$ \alpha=\frac{R}{2L}=1000 $$ $$ \omega_n=\frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}}\approx 4472 $$

From these values note that $$\alpha < \omega_n$$. The system is therefore underdamped. The equation for the voltage across the capacitor is then: $$ h(t)*u(t)=e^{-1000 t}\big(\cos(4359 t)+0.229\sin(4359t)\big) $$

Figure 2: Underdamped Resonse

title: Electronics/RCL frequency domain


text:
Talk:Deepal Shaw

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Deepal Shaw. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20101230013415/http://www.movietalkies.com:80/movies/index.asp?MovieId=19335 to http://www.movietalkies.com/movies/index.asp?MovieId=19335

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 11:05, 15 January 2016 (UTC)

need better references for this article (<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:50, 25 April 2016 (UTC))

Assessment comment
Substituted at 13:07, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Deepal Shaw


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Sevastopol Radar Station

Sevastopol Radar Station

 * ... that Russia stopped using the missile defence radar in Sevastopol, Ukraine because it was being jammed by fishing boats?
 * Reviewed: Maison Alcan
 * Comment: There's more to it, of course, but the article covers that..

Created/expanded by Secretlondon (talk). Self nom at 01:19, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Symbol question.svg New enough, long enough, well-written and well-sourced. One concern, however, re the hook: the article makes clear that the jamming by fishing boats was a supplementary reason, and that the primary issue was the station being under Ukrainian rather than Russian control. Hence the hook is somewhat misleading, if not actually wrong. I would suggest altering it to say something like "one of the reasons Russia stopped...". Constantine  ✍  08:14, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Also, looking at Dnestr radar, there appear to have been several earlier Dnepr-type radar stations. Admittedly some of them appear to have been modernized from the Dnestr type, but the issue of what was built and modernized when is a bit unclear. Were the other stations modernized after 1979, or was the Sevastopol station the second Dnepr to be expressly built as such? Constantine  ✍  08:20, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much for your detailed feedback - greatly appreciated (as this is how I improve). I need to do more work on the dnestr radar article, I have the notes - it's a matter of writing them up. I'll have time to work on this at the weekend. Secretlondon (talk) 01:23, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I've taken out the second Dnepr claim - it was from one source which said it was the second to be built as a Dnepr rather than converted from a Dnestr-M, but no-one else seems to say that. I agree with your amendment to the hook. I think everyone has different interpretations on how eye catching the hook should be, and we've had quite a few that are totally misleading, which doesn't do the project's credibility any good. Secretlondon (talk) 01:11, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * ALT1... that one of the reasons Russia stopped using the missile defence radar in Sevastopol, Ukraine was because it was being jammed by fishing boats?
 * Symbol confirmed.svg All right then, good to go for ALT1! IMO the claim about being the second directly built radar of the type can remain, since it is sourced, but it's your call. Constantine  ✍  07:51, 15 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
User:Rishabh baluni/sandbox

Rishabh Baluni
Rishabh Baluni is an Indian Freelancer and blog writer who worked for the Contentment freelancing company. Baluni has the ability to write on different themes includes educational, academic, fiction story, product review and more. Moreover, he also worked for his own website https://wishesquotes4u.com which is more popular as quotes and Shayari sites.

Rishabh Baluni Early Life
Baluni was born on March 18, 1997, in Rishikesh, India. He has completed his schooling from D.A.V. Centenary Public School located in Hardwar and his graduation from HEC PG College, Uttarakhand. At the age of 12, he started writing small stories which are based on love, horror and on a relevant topic. Later, he started pursuing M.com from Uttarakhand Open University. Rishabh’s father (Dr. Sohan Lal Baluni) is serving as a principal in government college (SJGSCSMV) based on Sanskrit subject and his mother (Sangita Baluni) as a primary teacher.

Rishabh Baluni Career and Achievements
Rishabh has started his career while serving as a writer in Contentment. His ability to writer helped him to pursue as a writer and got several good reviews from the clients. In the beginning, he only received 5-10 orders which can be a hard time for him to pursue as a writer. Later, he showed his capabilities and has received more than 15 orders per month and generated a huge earning and received his first payout of around $500 or Rs 35,000. After a few months, he has made his earning double and got more orders and pursuing writing for different clients. At present, he is planning to grow his own large business of SEO google and wants one of the best SEO of India.

https://contentmart.com/copywriter/217223

https://wishesquotes4u.com/

title: User:Rishabh baluni/sandbox


text:
Konstanty Mackiewicz

Konstanty Mackiewicz (2 November 1894 – 30 September 1985) was a Polish painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

title: Konstanty Mackiewicz


text:
User:Dnapuzzo/sandbox

Paragraph: This helps you set the style of the text. For example, a header, or plain paragraph text. You can also use it to offset block quotes.

A : Highlight your text, then click here to format it with bold, italics, etc. The "More" options allows you to underline, add code snippets, and change language keyboards.

Links: The chain button allows you to link your text. Highlight the word, and push the button. The visual editor will automatically suggest related Wikipedia articles for that word or phrase. This is a great way to connect your article to more Wikipedia content. You only have to link important words once, usually during the first time they appear. If you want to link to pages outside of Wikipedia (for an "external links" section, for example) click on the "External link" tab.

Cite: The citation tool in the visual editor helps format your citations. You can simply paste a DOI or URL, and the visual editor will try to sort out all of the fields you need. Be sure to review it, however, and apply missing fields manually (if you know them). You can also add books, journals, news, and websites manually. That opens up a quick guide for inputting your citations. Finally, you can click the "re-use" tab if you've already added a source and just want to cite it again.

Bullets: To add bullet points or a numbered list, click here.

Insert: This tab lets you add media, images, or tables.

Ω The final tab allows you to add special characters, such as those found in non-English words, scientific notation, and a handful of language extensions. Here's a paragraph created solely for citation. Dylan Rieder landed and impossible over a bench in New York City in his video part for Gravis footwear video at 2:29.
 * 1) Check that the bottom of the page has a "References" or "Notes" section. If not, type: .
 * 2) Check that the References section either has the text   or  . If not, type:  . This determines where your references will appear on the page.
 * 3) Now click after the text you would like to create a reference for.
 * 4) Now type in the   tag before your reference and type   after your reference. Wiki software will automatically add your inline reference number.

In the Las Vegas massacre which occurred October 1, 2017, a total of 79 minutes elapsed between the time gunman Stephen Paddock was first reported shooting into the audience of the Route 91 Harvest county music festival to when a SWAT team found Paddock with a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head.

title: User:Dnapuzzo/sandbox


text:
Initial questions in philosophy

Welcome to the Wikiversity Development Project for Initial Questions in Philosophy.

This course will introduce you with some philosophical methods, and guide you through some questions, that will hopefully force you to reevaluate your assumptions about the world. It is designed to be thought provoking, and relevant. At various times, the literature may seem immense and overwhelming, but take it in your stride. If you ever get confused, just ask for help. Abc123.

Overview
These are the main questions that we will be dealing with. They're just the tip of the iceberg, but they do cover quite a bit of ground. When you answer all of these questions, you will have a grasp on many of the fundamentals of philosophy. As well as that, you should be able to put together a pretty good argument.

 * Truth, Justice and the Good. Sound familiar?
 * Are Truth, Justice, and the Good objective realities or are they dependent upon experience for meaning?
 * Is reality independent of perception?
 * Why should we act morally?
 * Can I survive bodily death?
 * What does it mean to be human?

These questions will lead us to the following:

 * What's up with language?

When we talk about Pegasus, we talk about an object that might exist. Should this mean that any proposition we make about Pegasus is valid? Since Pegasus might not exist, Pegasus might not fly, thus, the statement "Pegasus flies" might be false. However, If one accepts that "Pegasus flies", then one should also accept that nothing (true) can be said about any fictitious object, place or person and be proved otherwise. For example, people talking about works of literature (fiction) could be unable to utter true propositions, since the objects, places or characters they talk about are intangible. But if someone says that Pegasus is a wingless unicorn, then we know that this is not so, since Pegasus is neither wingless nor a unicorn. This means that we can assert statements regardless of the tangible existence of the object we talk about. Tangible existence is not a necessary quality of all objects, however by the mere discussion of intangible objects they become tangible in our consciousness. Pegasus has wings, if and only if Pegasus has wings. Pegasus has wings, since it has been so defined. There is no need for an empirical verification of this. The fact that Pegasus is an imaginary animal does not deprive it of its characteristics. One should not confuse the truth or falsehood of a proposition with the existence or nonexistence of the object in question.

Objectives

 * To be controversial, and stir you into passionate disagreement.
 * Be able to read someone's writing to the end, and give it the credit it deserves. Especially when we disagree with it.
 * When we disagree with something, to reply rationally and powerfully.

These questions may seem like quite distinct problems, but they will all interlink. By providing answers to whether or not we are in the Matrix, we can find answers to whether we should act morally. If there really is an unattainable "Good" that we should all strive for, then it is possible for things to exist non-physically, opening the possiblility of non-bodily survival.

There is no need to follow a linear pattern, although students will have been assumed to have learned what is in the first part before jumping into the second. Just do things as they feel natural. That's how the course has been written. Bear in mind that none of the questions ask, does God exist? That is because God's existence will not help us at this stage. Asking this question has led philosophers into trouble before. The main tools we will be using at this stage are intuition and reason.

Learning resources

 * /Selected answers - Mind, Reality, Language.

title: Initial questions in philosophy


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Criticisms

The MBTI is not yet scientifically proven
Skeptics, including many psychologists, argue that the MBTI has not been validated by double-blind tests (in which participants accept reports written for other participants, and are asked whether or not the report suits them) and thus does not qualify as a scientific assessment. Some even demonstrate that profiles can apparently seem to fit any person by confirmation bias, ambiguity of basic terms. and the Byzantine complexity that allows any kind of behavior to fit any personality type.

See this extensive skeptical treatment of the subject.

A Temptation to Pigeonhole
Another argument says that, while the MBTI is useful in self-understanding, it is commonly used to pigeonhole people or for self-pigeonholing. Supporting arguments include:
 * It emphasizes each person being one specific type rather than each person using a certain type of thinking most of the time.
 * Real people often do not fit easily into one of sixteen types because they use different styles of thinking at different times. This is why there have been questions about answering the indicator (like "do I answer the indicator according to how I act at work or at home"). This is also why some people have trouble finding a type that really "fits" them.
 * Predicting how a person will react based on a personality test that only measures their predominant style of thinking is foolish. Excusing your own bad or inefficient behavior based on such a test is also foolish.
 * A category from one individual can not easily be related to others, since different amplitudes of the answers to the 2D-questions may generate the same type. Hence, a person of a e.g. non-emotional (i.e. thinker) category may have stronger emotionality than another person categorized as a thinker.

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Criticisms


text:
Wikipedia:Copyright problems/2006 August 11/Articles

Articles

21:59, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Invermark Castle ([ history] · [ last edit]) from . :Supergolden:: 09:20, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
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GreenEvo

GreenEvo - Accelerator of Green Technologies is a project of the Poland’s Ministry of Environment aimed at international transfer of environmentally friendly technologies developed in Poland. Within the project, the best Polish companies are selected and awarded with promotional and financial support. There have already been 62 innovative Polish companies awarded, in such areas of technologies for wastewater and hazardous waste treatment and solutions that support the use of renewable energy sources, for example agricultural machinery for the manufacture of wood briquettes and solar panels.

GreenEvo - Green Technology Accelerator is organized by the Ministry of the Environment with other partners, namely: National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management, Ministry of Economy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Polish Agency for Enterprise Development, Polish Confederation of Private Employers ‘Lewiatan’, Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw. GreenEvo was nominated to the finals of the European Public Sector Award 2013.

In 2015, the 6th edition of GreenEvo was announced, with main topic to be technologies for waste management, especially supporting local level authorities.

title: GreenEvo


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Intelligence Intensification/The Concept of Change

Speculative History of the West
For thousands of years there was little change toward better conditions for human beings. The changes in the ability to treat diseases was minor. Technology improvement was slow. Then, suddenly, rapid change occurred.

Initially, people didn't expect change. As a self-fulfilling prophecy, nothing happened. On many levels change was not tolerated. Then, new inventions became common, change was commonplace and people began to expect change.

And what was expected, happened. And it happened even more dramatically than anyone expected. Today, new knowledge accumulates and the ability to apply it is acquired faster than ever. The Age of Networking is born.

Also, during the centuries, old systems have been replaced by newer more efficient systems. A new government replace the old with each new revolution. After a while, the new system is old and it's time for a new replacement.

On a Smaller Scale
On a smaller scale, this can happen in an individual too. Use the power of self-fulfilling prophecies. Love change and don't be afraid of changing. Every time we learn something, we change. If you are afraid of changing it will make learning harder.

Moreover, each remodeling of the solution to a problem tends to make the solution better. Everyone who has done some computer programming knows that a program solution tends to be better if it is remade from scratch instead of applying ad hoc patches.

Use this phenomena to your advantage. Throw all your habits out of the window every now and then. Start from scratch, use your new and increased knowledge to create better habits.

Our nervous system receives a large amount of impressions each second. From this chaos it selects a pattern which we perceive as reality. Thus our perception of reality is colored by how we recognize patterns. We see the patterns we know. Example: Think of red. Look around right where you are sitting now. Your brain extracts everything that is red. But what smells were around? How many green items did you see? The brains works in the same fashion when it comes to ideas, views and opinions. Thus, if you try to build on your old knowledge new information will be filtered according to your old information. A better idea might be to try to start from scratch, as described above.


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User:Robert Elliott/REtest1

 * Lesson
 * WikiU Film School - Lesson #0010: Animated 3D Storyboards

 * The pages of this lesson are…
 * Introduction to FrameForge 3D Studio 2 Demo
 * Building our movie set inside FrameForge
 * Creating the frames of the storyboard with FrameForge → You are here!
 * Sample 3D Storyboard Created with FrameForge → You are here!
 * REtest1
 * REtest2

2D Storyboard to 3D Storyboard

 * Storyboarding with FrameForge 3D Studio 2
 * We are going to use the demo version of FrameForge 3D Studio 2 to create the 3D storyboards for our movie.

Shot #1
The 2D Storyboard starts with this image…

$$\Rightarrow$$ Using FrameForge 3D Studio, this becomes $$\Rightarrow$$

$$\Rightarrow$$ Using FrameForge 3D Studio, this becomes $$\Rightarrow$$

$$\Rightarrow$$ Using FrameForge 3D Studio, this becomes $$\Rightarrow$$

Shot #2
The next shot is…

$$\Rightarrow$$ Using FrameForge 3D Studio, this becomes $$\Rightarrow$$

Shot #3
The next shot is…

$$\Rightarrow$$ Using FrameForge 3D Studio, this becomes $$\Rightarrow$$

Shot #4
The next shot is…

$$\Rightarrow$$ Using FrameForge 3D Studio, this becomes $$\Rightarrow$$

Shot #5
The next shot is…

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$$\Rightarrow$$ Using FrameForge 3D Studio, this becomes $$\Rightarrow$$

Shot #6
The next shot is…

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Shot #7
The next shot is…

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Shot #8
The next shot is…

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$$\Rightarrow$$ Using FrameForge 3D Studio, this becomes $$\Rightarrow$$

Shot #9
The next shot is…

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Shot #10
The next shot is…

$$\Rightarrow$$ Using FrameForge 3D Studio, this becomes $$\Rightarrow$$

$$\Rightarrow$$ Using FrameForge 3D Studio, this becomes $$\Rightarrow$$

title: User:Robert Elliott/REtest1


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Register of Professional Archaeologists

The Register of Professional Archaeologists (RPA) is a professional organization of (primarily North American) archaeologists headquartered in Baltimore, MD. Members of the RPA agree to follow a standard code of research ethics and conduct and must be formally approved for membership by a panel of elected colleagues. Similar to organizations elsewhere, such as the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists or Australian Association of Consulting Archaeologists, the Register is a mechanism for enforcing archaeological standards, particularly among the large numbers working in cultural resources management.

To be accepted into the RPA, applicants must hold a graduate degree in anthropological archaeology (or related discipline) from an accredited institution and have completed a thesis focused on an archaeological topic. Once approved, members who pay their annual dues are granted the title of Registered Professional Archaeologist (RPA), the initials of which are typically placed as post-nominal letters after their surname (e.g., Jane Doe, MA, RPA). This certifies that they meet the accepted training and experience to lead archaeological projects on their own (and are current with their annual membership). At the start of 2019, the RPA's directory contained 3012 RPAs worldwide, with 2811 located in the United States.

Aside from maintaining the Code of Conduct (below), the RPA also maintains a list of certified archaeological field schools, a database of archaeological ethics (e.g., codes adopted by other archaeological organizations), and adjudicates on member misconduct (a process called the "grievance procedure"). As discussed below, the grievance procedure is a mechanism for holding archaeologists accountable for their conduct in the field (triggered by complaint only).

History
The history of archaeology in the US is rooted in the part-time enthusiasm of, usually wealthy, Antiquarians who formed the field's initial foundation. By the start of the Great Depression, the field was mostly practiced by a small group of elite academics with varying levels of research standards. Following large numbers of archaeologists trained and employed by the WPA and the subsequent swelling of many academic disciplines by GI Bill servicemen after WWII, the need for standards of conduct was increasing. By the 1960s, the New Archaeology was revolutionizing American archaeology to more statistically and scientifically-oriented methods, which carried over to the burgeoning sector of federally-mandated archaeological impact assessments, particularly after NHPA 1966 and subsidiary legislation. Since archaeology is controlled destruction, where the context of the materials is largely destroyed in the process, the rising number of those practicing archaeology increased the need for a professional certification process.

In 1976, the Society of Professional Archaeologists (SOPA) was founded as a means of vetting and enforcing the accepted standards of archaeological research. These standards set the practical and ethical expectations for archaeological research (e.g., for scientifically-based field methods, prompt reporting, the treatment and curation of artifacts, and aversion to monetary valuation of artifacts). In 1998, SOPA was reorganized and renamed the Register of Professional Archaeologists (RPA), per a joint task-force en-paneled by the Society for American Archaeology, the Society for Historical Archaeology, and the American Institute of Archaeology. The change in name was intended to emphasize the organization's refocus towards professional members (rather than amateurs or students) and to de-emphasize conference and publication services already offered by sponsoring organizations. A representative of the RPA sits on the Board of these and other sponsoring organizations.

Standards of Research and Code of Conduct
The Register maintains the primary standards of research and conduct for archaeologists working in North America. As mentioned above, these standards set the practical and ethical considerations for behavior and research in office as well as in field and laboratory settings.

The current (as of 2019) Code of Conduct lays out responsibilities of RPAs towards the public, the archaeological community, and employers/clients. RPAs responsibility to the public includes making results accessible upon completion, maintaining sensitivity towards affected tribes and groups, refraining from uninformed opinions in a professional capacity, refraining from fraud or illegal activities (including commercial sale or excavation of antiquities), and complying with national and international conventions such as UNESCO 1970. Additional responsibilities towards the archaeological community include properly crediting work by others, staying informed of recent developments in the field, refraining from maligning the reputation of colleagues, and providing a working environment free of any harassment (be it verbal, sexual, discriminatory, etc) and intervening when witnessing such behavior. With clients and employers, it is also critical to protect confidential information and refrain from any violation of RPA's ethical codes or standards.

The current (as of 2019) Standards of Research lays out the baseline definition of legitimate archaeological research. Sections of the Standards include 1) adequate preparation (via background research, planning, staffing, and complying with local and national permissions), 2) methodological integrity, 3) survey and excavation procedures, 4) record keeping, 5) storage of written and material results, and 6) dissemination of results (e.g., within 10 years of field research). While not extensive, it is expected that qualified RPAs are aware of the relevant background literature for each of the points raised in both the Code and the Standards.

Related

 * Society for American Archaeology
 * Society for Historical Archaeology
 * Australasian Society for Historical Archaeology
 * Chartered Institute for Archaeologists
 * European Association of Archaeologists
 * Federation of Archaeological Managers and Employers
 * Korean Archaeological Society

title: Register of Professional Archaeologists


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Talk:Paulie Ayala

Picture is not of Paulie Ayala
That's a pic of Elvin Ayala, not the more well-known former champ who this article is about, Paulie Ayala. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:13, 3 June 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Paulie Ayala


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Hasanabad-e Sabrow

Hasanabad-e Sabrow (, also Romanized as Ḩasanābād-e Sabrow; also known as Ḩasanābād) is a village in Zeberkhan Rural District, Zeberkhan District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 27, in 9 families.

title: Hasanabad-e Sabrow


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User:Sajo

Hi. I am Sajo Mathews, a student at the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. I graduated in Ocean engineering and naval architecture from the Indian Institute of technology, Kharagpur, India. I intend to contribute to the Department of Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture at Wikiversity. I am the founding member of the department, which is under the school of Marine Sciences, and the school of Engineering.

title: User:Sajo


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Mich

Mich or MICH may refer to:

People

 * An abbreviation for Michelle (name)
 * Mich Dulce (born 1981), Filipina fashion designer, milliner, corsetiere, feminist activist, actress, artist and singer
 * Mich Matsudaira (1937–2019), American businessman and civil rights activist
 * Vigilio Mich (1931–2019), Italian cross-country skier who competed in the 1956 Olympics

Places

 * Mich, Narmashir, Iran, a village
 * Mich., an abbreviation for the U.S. state of Michigan

Other uses

 * Modular Integrated Communications Helmet (MICH), an American combat helmet

title: Mich


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User:Goclenius/René Descartes (Influence)

This article is part of the User:Goclenius/René Descartes series.

Contemporary notices of Descartes

 * It is said that during the 1640s, Descartes travelled with an artificial female companion, named Francine after his daughter. This apocryphal story may stem from his published statements about the nature of the mind, or may indeed have been an early automaton or Gynoid. (Cartesian lore has it that later an exact replica was made from less durable materials, named Dolly and believed to be partially conscious when heard to utter the words: "Where am I?")
 * Descartes stated that, for a period of his life, he was attracted to cross-eyed women. He cited his attraction as being instilled by a cross-eyed childhood playmate, and said that, once he realized this cause, he was able to rid himself of it. He adduced this as evidence that the human mind can freely control the body.

Items named after Descartes

 * The Descartes Highlands area on the moon, where John Young and Charlie Duke landed on Apollo 16, is named after him. Also contains a mountain range named the Descartes Mountains.

Descartes in literature and the arts

 * Although Descartes in real life avoided alcoholic overindulgence, he is charged with extreme intoxication ("I drink, therefore I am") in Monty Python's celebrated Philosophers' Song.

Descartes in popular culture

 * Descartes was ranked #49 on Michael H. Hart's list of the most influential figures in history.


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User:Vuara/NG Medicine Man

Captive in Fort Sumner

A grueling 300-mile march to imprisonment in a sterile land.

The Dine, or Navajo as they were called by the Spanish, share a common Athabascan ancestry with the Apache. The Dine emulated the Pueblo, shedding their animal skin clothing for cotton and learning quickly to farm. They settled in, herding sheep and growing corn in the canyons and mesas between the Rio Grande and the Grand Canyon.

When American settlers started filtering into the area, raids began. Attempts to negotiate treaties were made between 1846 and 1849, but the Dine, a population of approximately 12,000, were vastly scattered, and coordinated talks never took place.

In 1851, Fort Defiance was built about 30 miles southeast of Canyon de Chelly. The land that had been long used for grazing Navajo sheep was suddenly taken over for use by the soldier's horses. A long cycle of bloody attacks and reprisals began, peaking in 1860, when 1,000 warriors waged an attack on Fort Defiance. The army abandoned the fort, but a full-fledged campaign of revenge cut across Navajo country. Crops were burned and destroyed, livestock was slaughtered or confiscated, and the Dine faced the threat of starvation.

A peace agreement was signed in 1861, which included a government promise of rations for the tribe. Later that year, the supplies were distributed in a festive atmosphere which included horse racing and betting. In the last race, an army rider accused of cheating was declared winner, and an uproar followed. The troops withdrew to the fort where the commander ordered them to open fire. More than 30 Navajo were shot dead, many of them women and children. This initiated an new wave of vengeance.

In 1863, Colonel Christopher "Kit" Carson was named by General Carlton (known for his ruthless treatment of Apache raiders) to begin a campaign against the Navajo. His troops stormed into the ancient and sacred Canyon de Chelly, rousting the people from their hogans which were then burned, along with saddles, clothing and all other stores. Their sheep and cattle were slaughtered, and about two million pounds of corn burned. Families attempted to hide in caves in the canyon walls, but were hunted and put under armed guard. One small band of Kayenta Navajo found fresh-water springs in a hidden canyon behind the top of Navajo Mountain, and were able to escape captivity.

After many months of bitter imprisonment, about 8,000 men, women and children were forced to make a grueling 300-mile forced march, remebered as "the Long Walk," across New Mexico to a dry desolate strip of land known as Bosque Renondo. There, Carleton invisioned, they would become "happy and contented people."

Navajo men were forced to mold adobes and to build Fort Sumner. They were given no wood for fires, the drinking water was bitter and the soil no good for growing corn. Men, women and children became ill, developing stomach problems and other conditions due to the lack of fires to withstand the cold winter rain and wind. Without their land and their corn, the people were in a state of desperation, made worse by disease and starvation. They were wasting away.

Ultimately, the imprisoment has its desired effect. A treaty was signed in 1868, granting Navajo survivors a 3.5 million acre reservation which included their old home country.

During their imprisonment, the Navajo lost about 25% of their people, and were no longer considered a threat. They returned home and began to rebuild their homes and their lives.

Recorded in petroglyph form, these symbols, found in Largo Canyon, New Mexico, tell the story of Carson's campaign against the Navajo.

+++

Next-generation Medicine Man- An interview with Albert Laughter.

My family goes back several generations. We were not held captive in Fort Sumner. My family grew up in what is now the Canyon Lands. Over the years I have been asked questions by a number of interested people from universities and I have welcomed the opportunity to share my culture and to learn about their culture.

I have my own language and tradition but I also live in two cultures- my own and my adopted culture, the Anglo society. Presently I am a contractor and build and sell houses. I specialize in making our culture's type of house, called a hogan. We have some even sided octagon shape and also the traditional dome shape hogans. These are based on the traditional styles that are made of the earth.

Our ways are different. We are not a scriptual type of people. We are not known to be writers, we are known to be symbolizers. We may use a symbol or a color to represent a concept. When we teach something or we are shown something, you will only hear it once - you will not hear it again. If you hear it the second time it will not be the same as you heard it the first time and it will not be as strong a message. That is why we use symbols to represent the meaning of important teachings.

Although we have clans within our tribe, it is the elders in our family who are the ones who answer our questions and give us our tradition. When old people speak we listen because the spirit is speaking through them, the spirit is within them. When we speak with the old people, the old spirits are with them and are speaking through them. That is how we answer the questions from the young people.

The word "Navajo"

I am used to being called Navajo. It is a Spanish word that has a meaning that is not nice. It means renegade. We call ourselves Dine (dee-neh)- like our language. It is our identity and our heritage. I would prefer to be called a Dine.

On Ceremonies

In my family I am more or less the one who is looked up to because I am asked to explain things to the younger members of the family. I do some chanting with my father, often throughout the night and I assist my father, the Medicine Man, in his chanting and praying.

There are about two hundred sacred songs but we can only use about twenty four or thirty six songs because they must stop when the big morning star is in the sky. We call it the big star and when it comes, about mid-morning, we stop singing. So we sing by these stars. Some of these songs can only be sung in the morning, while some can only be sung from midnight until the time when the big star is in the sky. We also have songs for when the sun comes up and when the sun is in the mid-afternoon.

On Healing

In healing, there are certain prayers that we say and these prayers are repeated by the patient. He or she will repeat them after the shaman says them. The prayers are to heal whatever the problem is and what is causing it. Maybe the problem is from the thunder or maybe the illness is from the Mother Earth. With each special prayers there can be special offerings. We also use herbs that are prescribed much like modern medicine will prescribe certain pills. The herbs that are gathered are gathered just for that specific individual with that specific illness. We also use what we call prayer bundles. These, like the herbs, are specific bundles of prayers that prescribed for specific conditions. We often have corn pollen in a little bag in one hand and in the other hand we will hold the prayer bundle.

The prayer bundle is difficult to describe because, like the prayer sticks, they are sacred things and we do not want to describe them in detail. The god people, as we call them, do not want these sacred things to be revealed or given away. We believe that if you give up some of these sacred things by revealing them carelessly, we will also lose all of our memory and our thoughts and the memories of our race. This is what my father told me. I am in the last part of my apprenticeship and I am learning certain creative singing right now.

The singing starts with certain ages. There are songs for pregnant women, for babies and for children. Usually, for babies, there is corn pollen that is offered as a blessing. Gestures and direction are important. We always push the corn pollen towards the baby, never from the back or the side - always directly towards the baby. This is how my father, the Medicine Man, taught me and this is how he was taught by my grandfather who was also a Medicine Man.

When we do these ceremonies we do not do them according to a schedule. We do not have a special holy day like a Saturday or a Sunday. We do the ceremonies when they are needed and then we will repeat or continue them in two days, or three days, but we do not use the days of the week as a marker of time. Every week has a Monday and every day has a one o'clock or a two o'clock, so we say that we will do the ceremonies in two days. That is our way.

On Family

I have children and nieces and nephews and a large family with many young people. No one in my family is carrying on these traditions and it worries me. I have enjoyed taking on the tradition of my father, especially at my age. I am 49. But it seems like this long tradition will end with me. My own children do not speak the language. But as far as carrying on with the Anglo society, they can get by much better than even I can do. I do better talking with older people in the traditional ways.

Do you think your children will eventually want to leave this area?

We often talk about it. I try to speak to them about my own experiences. I lived once for six years in Gallup (New Mexico) and Flagstaff. At first the children may want to move there to see what it is like but at a certain age they will want to come back. They want to see what they see here. They often say that they have seen this area in their dreams and they want to come back. They say that even though they do not speak the language - even though they do not understand their grandmother - they have the strong desire to come back. This is the mission that we have in this area. We say that it is important that the traditions be carried on by the next generation and it is very important that they learn the language.

After Death

Your destiny is fortold. Like after you pass on someone may mention your name. We may talk about, say, our grandmother. "Remember how grandmother used to say this or that?" Also, we can sometimes see the person who has passed on in a child who has the same expression or temperment. We say, "He or she is just like grandmother!" In this way the person continues. These are some of the ways that a person stays with us. They live on in memories and thoughts. Even tears can mark a continuance. We live within our family who remember us. We all return to the earth and we can come back as the rain.

If you travel around some of the pueblos and the ruins you may hear the conversations of the people who have passed on - you can hear their planning and their laughter, their preparation of food and chatting of the woman folks, old people and the fires. If you close your eyes you can hear the children playing. You can really hear them. These are some of the talk that is left behind within the wind. The winds are the only messengers that we have. As we grew up, that is what our grandparents used to tell us. The only thing that you can have a conversation with is with the wind. There is a certain way that you face yourself and then you can hear them.

The way we were taught was to go out at the dawn - that is the time that you can speak to the old ones. You go out at dawn and make an offering and talk to them. They are the living gods - they are gone to the other side. The only time that you are going to hear them talking back is when there is a thunder or a new plant or a quick glance during which time you can see them. They only come at a certain time but they are around you, they are with you. But they are real and they are your guides. You speak to them in the morning - that is the time to talk to the old ones.

You can make an offering of corn pollen and say something like, "Hear me. You know me." This other side of the culture, the Christianity, you say "My Father in heaven," and you are speaking to the Great Spirit, but I will say, "I am your great grandchild, your grandchild, and I, as your child, would like to say something. I talk to you in beauty." Thats how I learned from my father and he from his grandfather. My grandfather is not here. He is passed on. That is how we say it- we say they have passed on. Some would say that they have passed away but we say that they have passed on, meaning that their life continues. We are their life that carries on.

On History & Tradition

Well, I hate to use the words, but the Hollywood style of viewing us is bad. The "cowboys and indians" view of history is not correct. I can remember when they were filming a John Wayne movie out here and the director had some of our people in the movie. He said that when John Wayne pulled out his gun we were all supposed to fall to the ground. This is what the young people learn about themselves and it is sad.

If I could give a message to any Native children who would listen, I would say to first learn about who you are and then to be proud to be who you are. You should go somewhere very quiet and just feel what kind of person that you are and try to feel the spirit inside and outside and then to not be ashamed or feel bad about who and what you are.

Let nature be nature. Let yourself be who you are. Don't try to improve or cover up your true self. At the same time, some things should be preserved and kept private. Even within the Navajo people there is a great difference between the so-called East and West Navajos. Around Gallup and Albequerque there are Navajo who are selling souvenirs of sacred items and are making a living off of the culture. This only diminishes the culture when you sell it off. Some things ought to be kept to the people as their sacred traditions.

One thing that is harmful is television. Young people see things and get ideas that are difficult for the older people to even understand. As a result we have young people shooting other young people in schools and we have a problem with drugs and alcohol. It is what they see on television. We have a very bad problem among some of our youth in this area. It is a difficult problem to face.

Some of the other things that I do not feel good about are intermarriage. People will say that he or she is a good person and will be a good mate. We are trying to keep our ways intact. It is hard for me to say what my own children will do. The most important thing is that they should want to learn the language and then they will be able to carry on the ways. I don't want to be the last one to preserve the ways of my family and my people. My mission is to encourage them to listen and to want to learn these things. I think I am becoming successful because they are returning again and again. They are coming back and asking questions and they are curious and it is a good sign. Only time will tell.

On the Earth

We have noticed that things are a little bit different from one year and season to the next. Once we did not get burns from the sun but now we notice that even our skin begins to burn when we are out in it for a long time. It was not like that before. Man makes the mistake of trying to understand things and improve upon them when they do not need to be looked at so closely. Once there would be a beauty walk, as we call it, and it was fine. Then someone would decide that it would be better to build a paved road on the same path. And the road is not natural and so things around the road change. Sometimes we do not need to look at trying to improve on natural things. And sometimes it is not really progress.

We thank Albert Laughter for taking the time to share his heritage with us and our readers. We found our time with him to be most rewarding.

+++

Stories are very important to us. We have stories that remind us of the past ...

In our tradion we say that a long, long time ago the gods got together to have a meeting. It was what I call the god conference. They had to decide, "How shall we make the human people? How shall we make the plant people? The reptile people, and so on..." And more importantly they had to decide, "How shall these people live together?" Those are some of the questions that came about. They decided to give them each different settings and categories. So that is what happened when they called this conference.

The cayote was, as you would say, the "MC" of the conference. And so it was the cayote who ran the meeting and became the messenger, telling which category everything would be in. But the cayote was clever and had a sense of humor. That is why we see humor in the world. The cayote has a sense of humor and so you will see that at every meeting of Native Americans there is always a joke- someone will crack a joke to start the discussion. Then they get down to business.

Many white people think that the Navajo are serious people because we do not smile much. This has its origin in the cayote legend. We are told that everything is not a joke. The many gods have things that they control, and they are not all humorous, but the only messenger we have is the cayote. If we see a cayote cross our path we say, "Oh look, the cayote! What kind of message is he bringing to me?" If the cayote is encountered when you are facing to the north then it is usually a bad message. If he shows when you are facing the south then it is likely to be good news. Whatever the case, we usually stop and make an offering to the cayote for delivering the message. If it is a good message then the offering will assure hid blessing. If it is a bad message then you should make that offering so maybe it will not come true. In any case, if you see the cayote it is a wake up call and an indication that he is delivering a message to you.

The cayote has his songs, too. They are different for each of the seasons. In fact, we can talk about the cayote mainly in the winter because he is hiding, or, as we say, he is taking a vacation. Right now, as we talk about him, he is listening to us and hears what we say about him. That is why some cayote stories are told only at certain times of the year.

When the gods made the different kinds of people, they decided "Let's not make them know each other at first. Let the different people find each other and be curious and want to know about each other." Curiosity is important because it fosters respect for each other and our differences. When we have to learn about each other, we also learn about ourselves and we respect our differences.

When people who speak different languages meet, the hand languages are very important because that is how we can communicate. We use gestures and symbols. This was the intention of the cayote. He wanted to make it interesting for different people to meet. That is his sense of humor.

Sometimes the cayote will make things happen for a purpose- always for a purpose. He may make you have a deformity or an illness, but it is because you need to learn something or to pay attention to something. So he may make something happen that you might think is bad but it is for your benefit to make you learn a lesson. Often the lesson will make you say, "Why me? Why did this happen to me?" The cayote knows that this is a big lesson that will be learned by you and your family and your friends, so that they all benefit from the lesson.

title: User:Vuara/NG Medicine Man


text:
Adrian Pillajo

Adrian Pillajo (born 7 July 1991) is an Ecuadorian long-distance runner.

In 2018, he competed in the men's half marathon at the 2018 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships held in Valencia, Spain. He finished in 137th place.

title: Adrian Pillajo


text:
Talk:The X-Files season 2/GA1

GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''

Reviewer: TBrandley (talk · contribs) 01:55, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

Issues:

 * Lede: Link Nielsen rating
 * Production: Link executive producer
 * Production: Unlink executive producer below per the above
 * Cast: If there is a way you could a references to the "Cast" section. That'd be great.
 * Special features: Per MOS:FLAG, I don't think there should be a flag there

That's all. Good luck with your The X-Files (season 2) good topic! On hold. TBrandley 13:56, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

I think the article needs copy editing, as the prose is not clear and concise. Just as an example: in the lead's second paragraph consisting of three sentences, the word "season" is used five times. That's not "good" writing. MathewTownsend (talk) 15:14, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * comment
 * p.s. I added a tag for the word "apparently"; I don't this is encyclopedic wording.  MathewTownsend (talk) 15:17, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Thanks for noting! TBrandley 15:23, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * These are examples only that I picked out in a minute. The whole article needs to be checked if the GA symbol means anything when it's awarded to an article.  MathewTownsend (talk) 15:31, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I'll look over the article and try to fix some prose issues. I addressed all the other issues.-- Gen. Quon   (Talk)  16:46, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * OK, parts of the article, including lede and plot have been ce'd. I feel much more confident about the prose of the article now. In addition, minor tweaks have been made to the citations and I believe everything, now is up to shape.-- Gen. Quon   (Talk)  04:45, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * The following sentence, from the lead, could do with rewording: "the show's second season received positive reviews from most television critics" Would suggest changing "most" to "many" — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:56, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * If there are any more issues with the prose, please list them out. I generally prefer line-by-line of what's wrong than just a "prose is bad", as the former is much easier to root out and fix. :)-- Gen. Quon   (Talk)  14:26, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Soooo... What's the status of this article?-- Gen. Quon   (Talk)  15:56, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Actually, Gen. Quon, I have found a few more issues for "References":

 * Various references use FOX, when it should be Fox, per WP:TRADEMARK. I'd be happy to pass the article after that.
 * FOX Home Entertainment → 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, without capitals on Fox
 * Overlinking for Fox Home Entertainment
 * Ref. 30 uses Spotnitz, Frank, and Ref. 31 uses Frank Spotnitz. Only use one method
 * Ref. 39: IGN should be under the "work" parameter, as News Corporation should be publisher

I'd be happy to pass if those are fixed. Good work! TBrandley 16:22, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Cool, I'll fix those ASAP.-- Gen. Quon   (Talk)  19:01, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Boom. Fixed.-- Gen. Quon   (Talk)  02:56, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

Still more issues:

 * Lede: Says "Nielsen household rating" on the page
 * Lede: Link 1994–95 television year to 1994–95 United States network television schedule
 * Lede: In addition, the show's second season received positive reviews from many television critics. → In addition, the show's second season has generally received positive reviews from television critics.
 * Writing and development: Actually, per WP:OVERLINK, executive producer shouldn't be linked
 * Crew: Chris Carter is already above so it so just be Carter
 * Crew: Howard Gordon is already above so it should just be Gordon
 * Ratings: On the page it says "Nielsen household rating", not "Nielsen rating" for "Little Green Men"
 * Ratings: "Little Green Men" was, at the time, the highest-rated episode of The X-Files to air." citation needed?
 * Various overlinking with the "3" episode

There is more issues. Hope this is an okay review per WT:GAN!! TBrandley 14:58, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Fixed. Thank you for catching those.-- Gen. Quon   (Talk)  15:59, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

Comment I think this needs to be rewritten: "The season premiere, "Little Green Men" was originally supposed to have been written by series creator Chris Carter. Carter's original plan for the episode would have seen Mulder travelling to Moscow, Russia. In fact, he wanted to film the episode there, but was not able to secure arrangements. Chris Carter could not complete his opening extravaganza in time, where the X-Files were originally re-opened. So instead he and co-executive producers Glen Morgan, James Wong and Howard Gordon wrote four episodes to replace the planned premiere—with the X-Files closed, which gave Carter time to write "Duane Barry", the start of the first two-parter where the X-Files are re-opened." That has been in the article for as long as I've seen it, and needs copyediting. Also, is the Russia thing even mentioned in the source? I remember I asked Grapple if that was in any source he had, and he said no. Glimmer721  talk  18:00, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I'll fix that. BTW, the source is from this source, which was posted on a Morgan and Wong fan page back in the day. It was published in a magazine, with the title "Starlog Presents Eerie T.V.’".-- Gen. Quon   (Talk)  22:14, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * How's this look?-- Gen. Quon   (Talk)  22:23, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

Still, still, more issues:

 * Unlink television series as it is a common term per WP:OVERLINK
 * 1994–95 should be linked for "television year" also
 * Ref. 1: Fox should be linked (only on Ref. 1)
 * Ref. 26, 28, 30, 31: Unlink as it is linked above
 * Various ref.: Writer or Director doesn't need to be capitalized

TBrandley 16:03, 17 July 2012 (UTC)
 * OK, I fixed all of those. I'm hoping that's it.-- Gen. Quon   (Talk)  17:36, 17 July 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:The X-Files season 2/GA1


text:
kilistä

Etymology 1
From, from an root.

Verb

 * 1)  to tinkle, jingle, clink to make light high-pitched metallic sounds, rather like a very small bell

title: kilistä


text:
User:JamesWolken123/sandbox

James Wolken, co-founder of Best of Bikers blog. A blog about all the bikes and bicycles with their reviews and blogs. I have created this account to give my 100% efforts in addition of the content in Wikipedia pages, so that the Wikipedia audience get more information as earlier.

title: User:JamesWolken123/sandbox


text:
Talk:Sea-based X-band Radar

Capitalisation of title
Why is radar capitalised in the title? I propose renaming to normal sentence case. · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 12:57, 9 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sea-based X-band Radar


text:
Cookbook:Crêpes I

| Cuisine of France | Dessert

A crêpe is a thin pancake. The French word is from the Latin root crispa meaning "curled", from which the English word "crisp" is also derived. It originates from Brittany (Bretagne), a region in the west of France, where it is traditionally served with cider.

Crêpes are usually of two types: sweet or savoury, the main difference is the flour used (plain flour or buckwheat flour respectively). They may then be rolled or folded, and filled with different ingredients. Depending on the filling ingredients, filled crêpes can be either a dessert dish or a main course.

Batter

 * 220 g (1 cup / 8 oz) plain flour
 * 345 ml (1 ½ cup / 12 fl oz) milk
 * 2 eggs
 * 2 tbsp oil or melted butter
 * 1 pinch of salt

Optional fillings

 * Sugar and lemon
 * Raspberry jam and chocolate sauce
 * Nutella and sliced banana
 * Nutella and chopped hazelnuts
 * Whipped cream
 * Chocolate, caramel, or butterscotch sauce
 * Frangipane
 * Peanut butter
 * Sugar and butter, possibly with lemon or cinnamon
 * Strawberries (fresh or frozen)
 * Cream cheese and brown sugar
 * Slivers of chicken, broccoli, and cheese sauce

Procedure

 * 1) Put the flour at the bottom of a mixing bowl and make a hole in the middle where you put the eggs, the melted butter, the salt and a bit of milk.
 * 2) Mix well by hand, slowly combining the liquid with the flour to get a thick paste.
 * 3) Continue mixing and slowly add the rest of the milk, mixing well to avoid making lumps.
 * 4) Allow to stand, perhaps for several hours, whilst the gluten rests—this is very important for the final texture.
 * 5) Heat a crêpe pan (non-stick recommended) or skillet. A drop of water can be used to test the pan temperature: too cold, and the water will sit on the pan, too hot and it will vanish immediately. At the right temperature, the water will seem to "dance" on the pan.
 * 6) Grease the pan with some butter. Pour in some batter while tilting the pan to make the crêpe as thin as possible.
 * 7) Cook for 30–60 seconds until the cooked side looks like the surface of the moon, then flip it over to cook the other side; with some practice, you can flip it in the air by swinging the pan. See the whole-wheat pancakes recipe for air-flipping instructions.
 * 8) Serve with maple syrup, caster sugar, jam, spreads, etc. The crêpes can be filled and folded into triangles or rolled up.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * The exact proportions are not critical. In practice, equal parts by volume of eggs, milk, and flour, measured by eye, with no other ingredients, still produces excellent results.
 * You may add a bit of liqueur (traditionally brandy or fleur d'oranger) to the batter for more flavor.
 * For a sweet crêpe, add 2 teaspoons sugar and 1 teaspoon vanilla
 * For a chocolate crêpe, add 2 tablespoons chocolate sauce.
 * For a cheesy crêpe, sprinkle Emmental cheese evenly over the crêpe while in the pan.
 * One can also substitute beer or soda water for the milk. The wheat flour can be replaced by buckwheat flour to make savory buckwheat crêpes, as a main dish (ham, cheese, etc.).
 * The batter ingredients above can be replaced by 5 eggs, 1 cup flour, and 1 cup milk for a simpler mixture.

title: Cookbook:Crêpes I


text:
Southport and Ainsdale Golf Club

Southport and Ainsdale Golf Club is an 18-hole championship golf course in North West England, situated near the Merseyside (formerly Lancashire) towns of Southport and Ainsdale, north of Liverpool. The course is near the coast of the Irish Sea, set amongst ranges of tall sandhills and smaller sand dunes, just south of Royal Birkdale Golf Club.

Founded<PHONE_NUMBER>8484906 years ago in 1906, the club hosted the Ryder Cup in 1933 and 1937. It has also staged many other notable tournaments, including the 2005 Amateur Championship with Royal Birkdale, the 2018 Bearfight Invitational, and is on the roster for Final Qualifying tournaments for The Open Championship. As of 2019, the club professional is former European Tour golfer Jim Payne.

title: Southport and Ainsdale Golf Club


text:
Escadrille Spa.75

Escadrille Spa.75 (originally Escadrille N.75) was a French fighter squadron active during World War I. Beginning 12 April 1917, they became part of Groupe de Combat 14, and fought as such until the 11 November 1918 ceasefire. The escadrille was Mentioned in dispatches for having shot down 29 German airplanes and two observation balloons.

History
Escadrille Spa.75 was founded as Escadrille N.75 on 13 July 1916; its initial designation stemmed from it being fitted with Nieuport XIII airplanes. It supported the VIII Armee until 12 April 1917, at which time it refitted with SPAD S.7s, was renamed Escadrille Spa.75, and was amalgamated into Groupe de Combat 14. The squadron would fight as part of the Groupe for the rest of World War I.

Groupe de Combat 14 would support several different French field armies in several different locations, including Flanders from 4 May to 1 June 1918.

Postwar, on 23 December 1918, the squadron was Mentioned in dispatches for having destroyed 29 German airplanes and two observation balloons.

Commanding officers

 * Capitaine Henri de Montfort: 16 July 1916 - 22 December 1917
 * Lieutenant Pierre Blandinieres: 22 December 1917 - 11 November 1918

Notable members

 * Sous lieutenant William Herisson
 * Adjutant Antoine Laplasse

Aircraft

 * Nieuport XIII: 16 July 1916
 * SPAD S.7: from 12 April 1917

title: Escadrille Spa.75


text:
Morro Agudo de Goiás

Morro Agudo de Goiás is a municipality in northeastern Goiás state, Brazil.

Location
Monte Agudo de Goiás is located in the north-eastern region of the state near the source of the Rio Tesouras, which flows north into the Araguaia River.
 * Distance to Goiânia: 212 km.
 * Distance to Itapuranga: 35 km.
 * Highway connections: GO-070 from Goiânia to Itaberaí, GO-156 north to Itapuranga, passing through Diolândia. See Seplan

Neighboring municipalities: Rubiataba, Araguapaz, São Patrício, Itapuranga, and Faina

Political and Demographic Information
In January 2005 the Mayor was Moisés Simião de Carvalho and the Vice-mayor was Sebastião Tavares de Oliveira. The city council had 9 members and there were 2,172 eligible voters in 2007.

In 2007 the population density was 8.28 inhabitants/km2. The population has decreased since 1991, when it was 2,526. The geometric rate of increase between 1996 and 2007 was -0.09.%. In 2007 most of the population was urban with 1,567 living in the urban area and 772 living in the rural area.

Economic Information
The economy was based on agriculture, cattle-raising, services, modest transformation industries and public administration. In 2007 there were 3 industrial units and 17 retail units. There were no banking institutions. The number of motor vehicles was modest: 144 automobiles, 9 trucks, 31 pickup trucks, and 234 motorcycles.

Due to the small area of the municipality the cattle herd was small: 32,000, of which 5,100 were milk cows. Raising of poultry and swine was modest. The main agricultural products were rice, bananas, sugarcane, beans, manioc, and corn. None of these exceeded 500 hectares in planted area. In 2006 there were 335 farms with a total area of 31,914 hectares, of which 500 hectares were cropland and 28,328 hectares were pasture.

Health and education
In 2007 there was 1 hospital with 17 beds and 2 walk-in clinics. The infant mortality rate was 31.12 in every 1,000 live births in 2000, lower than the national rate of 35.0 in the same year.

In 2006 the school system had 5 schools, 18 classrooms, 37 teachers, and 695 students. One of the schools was middle and secondary level. There were no institutions of higher learning. The adult literacy rate was 85.7% in 2000, below the national average of 86.4% in the same year.

Ranking on the Municipal Human Development Index
 * MHDI: 0.717
 * State ranking: 180 (out of 242 municipalities)
 * National ranking: 2,677 (out of 5,507 municipalities)

For the complete list see Frigoletto.com.br

title: Morro Agudo de Goiás


text:
Philotheca wonganensis

Philotheca wonganensis, commonly known as Wongan philotheca, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with thin, cylindrical leaves and white flowers with a pink central stripe, usually arranged singly in leaf axils.

Description
Philotheca wonganensis is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 1 m with corky branchlets. The leaves are thin, scattered, needle-shaped, 5–10 mm, sometimes glandular-warty, and channelled on the upper surface. The flowers are arranged singly in leaf axils on a thin, club-shaped pedicel about 5 mm long. There are five broadly egg-shaped sepals about 1 mm long and five white, oblong to elliptical petals about 5 mm long with a pink central stripe. The ten stamens are free from each other and form a pyramid above the ovary. Flowering occurs from August to October and the fruit is about 3 mm long with a short beak.

Taxonomy and naming
This philotheca was first formally described in 1982 by Paul Wilson who gave it the name Eriostemon wonganensis and published the description in the journal Nuytsia from specimens collected by Kevin Kenneally near Wongan Hills township in 1980. In 1998, Wilson changed the name to Philotheca wonganensis in the same journal.

Distribution and habitat
Philotheca wonganensis grows in dense shrubland and woodland with a shrubby understorey. It is only known from four populations in the Shire of Wongan–Ballidu in the south-west of Western Australia.

Conservation status
This philotheca is classified as "endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" by the Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia). The main threat to the species is poor recruitment.

title: Philotheca wonganensis


text:
Talk:Tony Leung Ka-fai

Added this portion, reverse of "Tony Leung Chiu Wai" confusion note
"Due to the fact that he is often confused with fellow actor Tony Leung Chiu Wai, Tony Leung Ka-fai is known as "Big Tony", while Tony Leung Chiu Wai is known as "Short Tony", nicknames which correspond to the actors' respective physical statures." Intranetusa 05:17, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

In Chinese, big and little refers to their age, big = the elder, and little = the younger. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:29, 6 November 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Tony Leung Ka-fai


text:
Cookbook:Swiss Pudding

Ingredients

 * Butter
 * Fine bread crumbs
 * 4–5 apples, peeled, cored, and sliced
 * Nutmeg
 * Sugar

Procedure

 * 1) Butter a baking dish, and sprinkle with the breadcrumbs.
 * 2) Combine the apples, a little butter, nutmeg, and sugar in a saucepan. Cook until softened.
 * 3) Transfer the apples into the prepared dish.
 * 4) Top apples with another layer of the crumbs, then add pieces of fresh butter on the top.
 * 5) Bake in a slow oven for about 15 minutes, until it becomes a delicate brown.
 * 6) Serve hot or cold.

title: Cookbook:Swiss Pudding


text:
Τεῦκρος

Etymology
name, probably, from , participle form of. Cognate with 🇨🇬; more at Tarḫunz.

Proper noun

 * 1) Teucer

title: Τεῦκρος


text:
The Nicolaus Copernicus University Press

The Nicolaus Copernicus University Press (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UMK, Wydawnictwo UMK) is a book publisher founded in 1967. NCU Press is an official department of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland).

The Nicolaus Copernicus University Press was set up in 1967. It publishes scientific journals, monographs and textbooks and books written by the university scientists.


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/indianretailjobs.com

Links

 * indianretailjobs.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 10 additions.


text:
Spin Hall magnetoresistance

Spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) is a transport phenomenon that is found in some electrical conductors that have at least one surface in direct contact with another magnetic material due to changes in the spin current that are present in metals and semiconductors with a large spin Hall angle. It is most easily detected when the magnetic material is an insulator which eliminates other magnetically sensitive transport effects arising from conduction in the magnetic material.

Origins
Spin Hall magnetoresistance is one of many ways in which the electrical resistance of a material is influenced by the spin Hall effect. An electron moving through a conductor is scattered by the spin Hall effect in a direction determined by its spin orientation which induces a net accumulation of spin at the conductor's edge. The spin-polarized electrons at the conductor's surface can interact with the magnetization of a magnetic material near through a spin-transfer torque. When the conduction electron spin is aligned parallel to the magnetization direction the electron reflects from the conductor surface with no change in its spin, however, when there is a component of the magnetization that is normal to the spin orientation, the spin can be flipped to its opposite state transferring angular momentum into the magnetic material. This results in a spin current that travels at a normal to the direction of the charge current that can be altered by changing the direction of magnetization. This spin current is deflected through the inverse spin Hall effect which adds or subtracts from the electrons momentum in the direction of the charge current depending on the size and sign of the conductor spin Hall angle. This deflection provides an addition to the conductor's resistivity allowing the spin current to be estimated by the change in the electrical resistivity.

Description
A multilayer of conductor and magnetic material is needed to construct a device that exhibits the spin Hall magnetoresistance. Platinum is commonly used as a conductor due to its large spin Hall angle and YIG is used as a magnetic material with the conductor being deposited on top with a clean interface. The magnetization of the YIG can be rotated by an applied magnetic field strong enough to saturate it which results in a change in the conductor's resistivity. The scale of the resistance change observed depends on the conductor's spin Hall angle and the ratio of the spin diffusion length and the thickness of the conducting material. As most spin diffusion lengths are short, the effect is only significant in materials that are only several nanometers thick.

Angular dependency
One of the signatures of the spin Hall magnetoresistance is that the change in resistance is observed when the magnetization of the insulator is rotated with respect to the spin axis and not to the direction of the charge current as is seen in anisotropic magnetoresistance. The change in resistivity follows a squared sine wave pattern when the magnetization vector is rotated about an axis that has a component normal to the spin axis. Platinum has been observed to have maximum resistivity changes of up to 0.12%.

Temperature dependence
In platinum, the maximum resistance change is found to reach a maximum at approximately 120K for all thicknesses

Applications
Due to the spin-transfer torque at the interface of the conductor and magnet, a spin current can be injected from the metal into the insulator. This allows for new spintronics experiments to investigate the possibility of transmitting spin information through an insulator which would have the advantage of no power loss due to Joule heating.

title: Spin Hall magnetoresistance


text:
Physics Study Guide/Fields

=Fields=

A field is one of the more difficult concepts to grasp in physics. A field is an area or region in which an influence or force is effective regardless of the presence or absence of a material medium. Simply put, a field is a collection of vectors often representing the force an object would feel if it were placed at any particular point in space. With gravity, the field is measured in newtons, as it depends solely on the mass of an object, but with electricity, it is measured in newtons per coulomb, as the force on an electrical charge depends on the amount of that charge. Typically these fields are calculated based on canceling out the effect of a body in the point in space that the field is desired. As a result, a field is a vector, and as such, it can (and should) be added when calculating the field created by TWO objects at one point in space.

Fields are typically illustrated through the use of what are called field lines or lines of force. Given a source that exerts a force on points around it, sample lines are drawn representing the direction of the field at points in space around the force-exerting source.

There are three major categories of fields:

 * 1) Uniform fields are fields that have the same value at any point in space.  As a result, the lines of force are parallel.
 * 2) Spherical fields are fields that have an origin at a particular point in space and vary at varying distances from that point.
 * 3) Complex fields are fields that are difficult to work with mathematically (except under simple cases, such as fields created by two point object), but field lines can still typically be drawn.  Dipoles are a specific kind of complex field.

Magnetism also has a field, measured in Tesla, and it also has field lines, but its use is more complicated than simple "force" fields. Secondly, it also only appears in a two-pole form, and as such, is difficult to calculate easily.

The particles that form these magnetic fields and lines of force are called electrons and not magnetons. A magneton is a quantity in magnetism.

title: Physics Study Guide/Fields


text:
Basil Andrew

Brigadier Basil John Andrew (15 October 1894 – 28 April 1941) was an officer in the Australian Army during both the First and Second World Wars. He was the Deputy Adjutant-General of I Australian Corps in Greece, before he died in Alexandria, Egypt, of a heart attack.

Early years
Andrew was born in Melbourne, Victoria, on 15 October 1894, the son of John Arthur and Catherine Mary Andrew of Launceston, Tasmania. Educated at Scotch College, Launceston, upon graduation he entered the Royal Military College, Duntroon as an Australian Army officer cadet.

Military career
Andrew was commissioned as an officer after the outbreak of the First World War, and was attached to the 12th Battalion of the Australian Imperial Force for active service overseas. By the war's end he had been promoted to captain.

Upon returning to Australia, Andrew was stationed at Launceston, then Western Australia, South Australia and Victoria. With the outbreak of the Second World War, he served with the Australian Staff Corps.

Personal life
Andrew married Ethyl Kate Petterd. On 28 April 1941, he died of a heart attack and was survived by his wife Ethyl and his son John.

title: Basil Andrew


text:
User:Benjamin Mako Hill

About Me
I have more webpages than I can reasonably count and my current policy to to try to not aggravate this problem so I'm going to be brief.

I have many webpages where I talk a lot about myself, my projects, and other things that I do. If you are interested in this, you can read any of the pages linked below:

 * My Homepage
 * Copyrighteous (My Blog)
 * My Up-To-Date Contact Information

Wikimedia
I am honored to be a member of the Wikimedia Foundation Advisory Board.

I helped run the Wikimedia Foundation Elections once.

I am also an active contributor to several Wikimedia projects. These include:

The English Wikipedia:

 * My English Wikipedia Userpage
 * My English Wikipedia Contributions

Please don't hesitate to get a hold of me by editing my talk page or by emailing me at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or any of the methods mentioned in the pages above.

title: User:Benjamin Mako Hill


text:
Talk:Miss Hanafi

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title: Talk:Miss Hanafi


text:
Morris Oxford Series II

Morris Oxford is a series of motor car models produced by Morris Motors of the United Kingdom, from the 1913 bullnose Oxford to the Farina Oxfords V and VI.

Named by W R Morris after the city of dreaming spires, the university town in which he grew up, the manufacture of Morris's Oxford cars would turn Oxford into an industrial city.

From 1913 to mid-1935 Oxford cars grew in size and quantity. In 1923 they with the Cowley cars were 28.1 per cent of British private car production. In 1925 Morris sold near double the number and they represented 41 per cent of British production. The model name was recycled in 1948 and lasted almost another 23 years through to 1971 but in this time the market sector and engine-size remained nearly constant between 1476 cc and 1622 cc.

Aside from the Oxford Sixes and the Oxford Empire models all Oxfords since 1918 have been 12 or 14 HP cars of about 1500 to 1800 cc..

Oxford Series II (1954–1956)
The fully redesigned Oxford was announced in May 1954, and following the formation of BMC, notably received the Austin-designed B-Series OHV straight-4. This modern 1.5 L (1489 cc/90 in3) engine produced a respectable 50 hp (37 kW) and allowed the Oxford to reach 74 mph (119 km/h). Hydraulic drum brakes all round were still used but increased to 9 in diameter. Steering was still of the beautifully light and precise rack and pinion type.

Traveller
Styling was entirely new though the rounded body maintained a family resemblance to the Morris Minor. Again, a pair of four-seat configurations, 4-door saloon and 2-door Traveller, were offered. The column gear change and front bench seat allowed the saloon to be advertised as a full six-seater. The handbrake lever was located between the side of the seat and the driver's side door. Unusually for a British car of its class at the time, the heater was a standard fitting but the radio remained an extra. Sales remained strong when the Series III arrived in 1956.

The British Motor magazine tested a Series II saloon in 1954 recording a top speed of 74.2 mph and acceleration from 0–60 mph in 28.9 seconds and a fuel consumption of 28.2 mpgimp. The test car cost £744 including taxes.

Isis
A 2.6-litre six-cylinder 7-inches longer Morris Isis version was announced 12 July 1955 with a saloon or Traveller estate body: the rear half of the Traveller  body used the same timber-frame ("half-timbered") construction as that used for the better remembered Morris Minor Traveller.

Hindustan Landmaster
Hindustan Motors of India produced the four-cylinder version of this car (except the air-vent situated upon the bonnet) naming it Hindustan Landmaster.

title: Morris Oxford Series II