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2019 Egyptian protests

The 2019 Egyptian protests were mass protests  in Cairo, Alexandria, Damietta and other cities on 20, 21 and 27 September 2019 in which the protestors called for President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to be removed from power. Security forces responded with tear gas, rubber bullets and,, $4,300$ arbitrary arrests had been made, based on data from the Egyptian Center for Economic and Social Rights, the Egyptian Commission for Rights and Freedoms, the Arabic Network for Human Rights Information, among which 111 were minors according to Amnesty International and the Belady Foundation. Prominent arrestees included human rights lawyer Mahienour el-Massry, journalist and former leader of the Constitution Party Khaled Dawoud and two professors of political science at Cairo University, Hazem Hosny and Hassan Nafaa. The wave of arrests was the biggest in Egypt since Sisi formally became president in 2014.

Human Rights Watch called for all those arrested for peacefully expressing their opinions to be released immediately. Amnesty International described the Sisi government being "shaken to its core" by the 20–21 September protests and that the authorities had "launched a full-throttle clampdown to crush demonstrations and intimidate activists, journalists and others into silence". Two thousand people, including Sudanese Professionals Association (SPA) representatives, protested in Khartoum on 26 September in support of Waleed Abdelrahman Hassan, a Sudanese anti-Islamist student detained by Egyptian authorities, who gave a forced confession on MBC Masr television. The SPA stated, "the era when Sudanese citizens were humiliated inside or outside their country has gone and will never return". The Sudanese Foreign Ministry summoned the Egyptian ambassador and Waleed Abdelrahman Hassan was freed on 2 October 2019.

A massive police clampdown took place around Tahrir Square and across Egypt on 27 September, together with pro-Sisi rallies of government employees organised by the National Security Agency, and anti-Sisi protests on Warraq Island on the Nile, in Giza, in Helwan, in Qus, and in the Luxor, Aswan Minya and Sohag Governorates. On 3 November 2019, parliamentarian Ahmed Tantawi made online and parliamentary proposals for Sisi to step down in 2022 rather than stand for re-election in 2024.

Background
Mass protests in the Egyptian revolution of 2011 led to the demission of President Hosni Mubarak, the 2012 Egyptian presidential election won by Mohamed Morsi, the 2012–2013 Egyptian protests against the Morsi presidency, the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état which overthrew Morsi, the August 2013 Rabaa massacre by the security forces and army led by general Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, and an authoritarian government under Sisi, who was elected president with no serious opponents in 2014 and 2018. Protests against the imprisonment of ordinary civilians led to mass demonstrations at the beginning of the year. The first wave of mass protests were from February–June. Strikes against electricity, bread and corn and rice prices, fuel price hike, economy, shortage of food and water and oil. It led to nothing achieved.

Online anti-Sisi videos
Starting on 2 September 2019, Mohamed Ali (also: Aly ), an Egyptian construction contractor living in exile in Spain, claimed on online social networks that he had worked in the construction industry for 15 years under army contracts, building five villas for colleagues of Sisi and a palace for Sisi in a military camp. Ali accused Sisi of wasting public funds and "[taking] low-level corruption to a new level". Ali's videos outline specific incidents and directly accuse well-known military individuals, including Major-Generals Kamel al-Wazir and Essam al-Kholy. Egyptian authorities ran a media campaign attacking Ali. According to Said and Mamdouh writing in Mada Masr, the governmental campaign "did not refute the substance of [Ali's] claims."

After the first week of wide circulation of Ali's videos, Sisi denied the allegations at a session of the "National Youth Conference. Sisi stated that "all the intelligence agencies told me please do not talk about it. ... I told them, what's between me and the people is trust." Within a few hours of Sisi's speech, Ali posted two hours of new videos, referring to Sisi's son Mahmoud and the Sinai insurgency.

Mosaad Abu Fagr, a Sinai activist in exile, then released two videos in which he claimed that the Egyptian authorities refused an offer by North Sinai tribal leaders to remove the terrorist cells within a few weeks, and that he was asked by the tribal leaders to publish that information. Abu Fagr stated that Sisi cooperated with drug smugglers and dealers instead of working with the tribes and that Sisi and his son Mahmoud have business interests in smuggling between the Sinai and the Gaza Strip. Abu Fagr also accused the Egyptian security forces of the "wiping out of entire villages" along the border with Gaza.

Lawyer Mohamed Hamdy Younes stated that he would request the Attorney-General to investigate Ali's accusations. He was then arrested and charged with belonging to a terrorist organisation. Former army officer and lawyer Ahmed Sarhan circulated a video supporting most of Ali's claims, calling for Younes to be released and making new accusations against people close to Sisi. Sarhan's video was viewed half a million times.

A masked man circulated a video claiming that he had sensitive information about Sisi, that Ali's videos contain "factual information about the corruption in the upper ranks of the Armed Forces" and that "the events happening" constitute "retaliation" by the Mukhabarat against Military Intelligence, which was headed by Sisi until 2012. In another video, a masked man claiming to be an intelligence officer stated that Sisi changed commanders frequently in order to avoid any becoming too powerful and that Sisi coordinated intelligence information closely with Israel. Former Air Force pilot Hany Sharaf and former state security officer Hesham Sabry then circulated videos highly critical of Sisi.

Wael Ghonim, who played a key online role in sparking the 2011 Egyptian revolution and lives in the United States, posted videos similar to the others, adding claims that Sisi's son Mahmoud played a strong role in managing Egyptian "daily politics". A representative of the Egyptian Embassy in Washington, D.C. telephoned Ghonim, asking him to stop criticising the Egyptian authorities, in exchange for which he would receive a payment and a guarantee to be able to "return to Egypt safely". Ghonim refused, and a few days later Ghonim's brother Hazem was arrested in Cairo. Ghonim interpreted this as a kidnapping in revenge for Ghonim having refused to remain silent.

Ali was described in mid-September by Mohamed Elmasry of the Doha Institute for Graduate Studies as being "probably the most popular man in Egypt" with millions of viewers of his online videos and millions of people using Ali's anti-Sisi hashtags. Elmasry described Ali as "a legitimate threat to the el-Sisi government."

On 21 September, following the previous day's protests, Ali called for a "million-man march" to fill all the "major squares" in Egypt on the following Friday, 27 September. Ali stated, "This is a people's revolution... We have to link up together as one... and organise going down to the major squares."

20 and 21 September
On Friday 20 September 2019, in response to Ali's call for anti-Sisi protests, two thousand people, mostly young, in Cairo, Alexandria, Damietta, Suez, Kafr El Sheikh and four other Egyptian cities on 20 September 2019 carried out street protests calling for Sisi to be removed from power.

Chants included "rise up, fear not, Sisi must go" and "the people demand the regime's fall".

Street protests continued in Cairo, Suez, Giza and El Mahalla El Kubra on 21 September. In Suez, with 200 demonstrators, teargas, rubber bullets and live bullets were shot at protestors. The teargas spread to "a few" kilometres from the zone of the protest where a resident felt the gas making her nose feel as if it were burning.

27 September
On 26 September, exiled former presidential candidate Ayman Nour stated that the massive scale of the arrests showed that the Sisi government was "terrified" and that he expected protests to grow, with the fear barrier having been broken down and the mass arrests provoking anger in the context of socioeconomic difficulties. On the same day, actor Amr Waked tweeted to seven million followers that "Sisi is done ... it is over for him and anyone who supports him now will be making a huge mistake."

On 27 September itself, 1000 to 2000 people on Warraq Island on the Nile next to Cairo protested against Sisi and were attacked by police using tear gas. One of the slogans chanted by protestors was, "No matter how, we'll bring Sisi down". Using their rifles, police "beat the hell" out of six of the Warraq protestors.
 * Anti-Sisi

A protest of 24 people took place in Helwan in the Cairo Governorate in front of the al-Istiqama mosque. Police fired shots in the air in response.

Anti-Sisi protests took place in Qus in Qena, where they were dispersed by police, in Luxor Governorate, in Aswan Governorate, in Minya Governorate, and in Sohag Governorate.

A protest of 70 people took place in Giza and was dispersed by police.

Police organised "a huge show of force" in central Cairo and other Egyptian cities, with Tahrir Square heavily policed and four metro stations close to Tahrir Square were closed. All roads leading to Tahrir Square were blocked and checkpoints were established on 6th October Bridge, which had been a key route to Tahrir Square during the 2011 Egyptian revolution, and 15th May Bridge.
 * Clampdown on protests

Instructions received by the Ministry of Interior had been to respond to demonstrations with limited force for "no more than a few minutes" and to use all available violent measures against street protests.

Pro-Sisi rallies were organised on 27 September with the National Security Agency instructing health, education, youth and sports ministries and agencies and oil companies to send their employees to the rallies. State companies bussed employees to a major road east of the centre of Cairo and to Alexandria. Free meals were given to a group of families from Beni Mazar in Minya Governorate who organised 30 buses to participate in the pro-Sisi Cairo rallies. The National Security Agency warned independent Members of Parliament from talking about the "ongoing events or the discussions around Sisi".
 * Pro-Sisi

Arrests and harassment
In response to the first reports of arrests, Human Rights Watch (HRW) called for Egypt to respect the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to which it is legally bound, guaranteeing freedom of expression, association and peaceful assembly. HRW called for the Egyptian security services to follow the United Nations Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials by using "non-violent means before resorting to the use of force and firearms".

Arrests for the 20 and 21 September protests were estimated as 500 by the Egyptian Center for Economic and Social Rights (ECESR) that published a list of the names of arrestees. Arrests were earlier reported by the Egyptian Commission for Rights and Freedoms (ECRF) for 12 towns including Cairo, Giza, Alexandria, Suez and towns in Dakahlia Governorate, Qalyubia Governorate and Kafr el-Sheikh. ECRF stated that it had created an "emergency room" to provide support in relation to the sudden surge in arrests.

Human rights lawyer Mahienour el-Massry was arrested by three plainclothes officers in front of the Supreme State Security Prosecution headquarters in Cairo while telephoning to a friend Noha Kamal on 22 September. She screamed to Kamal, "They're arresting me. I am being taken away" and was taken away in a microbus.

HRW called on the Egyptian security forces to "immediately release all those arrested for solely exercising their rights".

On 23 September, Mohamed Ali, whose videos sparked off the online discussion and street protests, stated that "officers" had been following him in Spain for two weeks, and that he had been "hiding and running away from them". Ali stated that the officers wished to kill him and that he was too tired to "run any more". Ali stated that Spanish authorities were responsible for his safety and that if he were "killed in Spain," then that would "[prove] that Europe is a liar just like the United States and is willing to give up anybody."

By 25 September, the arrest count was estimated at $4,300$ by the Arabic Network for Human Rights Information (ANHRI), ECESR and ECRF and $1,100$ by Middle East Eye. In addition to el-Massry, prominent arrestees included former leader of the Constitution Party Khaled Dawoud and two professors of political science at Cairo University, Hazem Hosny and Hassan Nafaa. Dawoud, Hosny and Nafaa were charged with "spreading fake news and joining terrorist organisations".

Hazem Hosny was arrested without a warrant and held incommunicado. His legal defence team called for him to be released immediately. Hosny had earlier described Mohamed Ali as playing a "positive role" and described the new protest movement as having the potential to affect the "international formula that largely determines Sisi's continued rule". Hosny argued in favour of "[stripping] Sisi of his dictatorial control of the Egyptian state".

Prior to his arrest, Hassan Nafaa had argued that "the continuation of Sisi's absolute rule [would] lead to disaster" and that "public pressure from the street" was needed to end Sisi's presidency. Nafaa stated that "the image Sisi has created for himself has been totally shaken and it has been replaced by the opposite image."

Khaled Dawoud, arrested on 25 September 2019, as former media spokesperson of the National Salvation Front, had supported the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état but later criticised Sisi. Following Mohamed Ali's video releases, Dawoud called for investigations of the corruption claims.

The arrest count mounted to $1,400$ on 26 September, with the arrest of lawyers Mohamed Salah Agag, deputy head of the Lawyers' Syndicate; Ahmed Sarhan; Ahmed Abdel Azeem; Islam Khairy Nour Eddin and Mahmoud Moemen Naeem. Two Turks, two Jordanians, a Palestinian and a Dutchman were arrested and charged with "spreading violence against the state and publishing false news."

The arrests of five journalists, including Sayed Abdellah, who had been reporting on the protests in Suez, and Mohammed Ibrahim, author of the blog "Oxygen Egypt", were documented by Amnesty International. Labour leader Rashad Mohammed Kamal, who participated in the protests, was arrested at his home in Suez. Politicians, including Abed Aziz Husseini, vice-president of the Dignity Party (Karama) and Abdel Nasser Ismail, vice-president of the Socialist Popular Alliance Party were arrested.

On 29 September, the Egyptian blogger, software developer and activist Alaa Abd el-Fattah, who had previously been arrested for his political activism during the Mubarak, Morsi and Sisi presidencies, and had not participated in the 2019 Egyptian protests, was arrested by State Security Prosecution on unknown charges. El-Fattah's lawyer Mohamed al-Baqer, director of the human rights organisation Adalah Center for Rights and Freedoms, was himself arrested at the prosecutor's office on 29 September. Both were tortured in welcome parades in Tora Prison.

Arrested politicians included 11 members of the Independence Party that had called for citizens to participate in the street protests as proposed by Mohamed Ali.

On 2 October, ECESR listed $1,909$ detainees grouped into six separate legal cases, among which almost all ($2,285$) are in Case 1338/2019. Alaa Abd el-Fattah and his lawyer Mohamed el-Baqer were detained under Case 1356/2019 or 1365/2019. On 6 October, ECRF listed about $2,268$ detainees, larger than any earlier arrest waves of the Sisi presidency. Three quarters had appeared in front of a prosecutor; 57 had been released without being charged; 100 people were listed as missing.

Of those arrested for protesting, many prisoners appear to not have participated in this most recent wave of action. There are multiple cases of people claiming that their family members have never publicly protested, in 2011 or 2019, but were still arrested. Several human rights lawyers and advocates described the arrests as indiscriminate and arbitrary. Amnesty International stated that at least 111 children were arrested as well, often after having their phones searched at checkpoints.

According to the New York Times, the arrested protestors were held in poor conditions. Due to the overflow in local prisons, some detainees have gone without food, water, or access to toilets. Most have not been allowed to contact their families. For this reason, families of those imprisoned rarely knew where their family members were being held. Some of the detained were placed in the bases of the Central Security Forces, a paramilitary group whose buildings are not made to hold citizen prisoners.

Internet censorship
In the week following the 20/21 September protests, Egyptian authorities blocked, restricted or temporarily disrupted online communication services including BBC News, WhatsApp, Signal.

Egyptian political party freeze threat
The Civil Democratic Movement, including the Socialist Popular Alliance Party, stated that it did not participate in the protests but did have a vision for political reforms. It objected to the mass arrests of protestors, lawyers, journalists and politicians, and stated that it was considering a freeze on public political activities in response to the crackdown.

November parliamentary protest
On 3 November 2019, elected member of the House of Representatives Ahmed Tantawi made parliamentary and online social network protests calling for el-Sisi to step down in 2022, rather than in 2024 as defined in the 2019 constitutional amendment. Tantawi later discussed his video with Mada Masr, stating that his aim was to protect Egypt from the "imminent danger" of el-Sisi continuing in power too long, that it was consistent with el-Sisi's promises, and that this should satisfy el-Sisi's supporters. Tantawi submitted his formal request under parliamentary procedure to Ali Abdel Aal, Speaker of the House of Representatives, proposing that 12 parliamentary committees be created to "generate a national dialogue about the political, economic and social problems facing the country," to solve "the real crisis Egypt is living through, which authorities should pay attention to before it is too late" and that the proposal would help to "absorb public outrage". Tantawi expressed his worry that a violent reaction by authorities to his initiative would discourage "the people" from choosing political methods of change.

Member of parliament Mahmoud Badr called Tantawi's proposal an "outright violation of the constitution" and 95 members of parliament submitted a request to the Speaker, Abdel Aal, to refer Tantawi to the parliament's Ethics Committee, on the grounds that Tantawi's initiative "undermines the Egyptian state and its institutions".

December 2019 broad consensus
On 28 December 2019, Mohamed Ali, who had sparked off the September street protests, released the "Egyptian Consensus Document" with a list of four key principles and four key actions for replacing the existing system of government. Ali claimed that the document represented the consensus of a wide range of the Egyptian opposition.

The following day, the Egyptian National Action Group (ENAG), including Ayman Nour as spokesperson, was launched. ENAG made a similar claim of representing the consensus of a broad array of the Egyptian opposition ("centrists, liberals, leftists [and] Islamists") with a consensus program for replacing the governmental system.

September 2020 anniversary
Protests restarted on the 2020 anniversary of the 2019 protests. The protests were decentralised and started on 20 September 2020, again calling for el-Sisi to resign. Protest locations included Cairo, Giza, Suez, Kafr El Dawwar, Alexandria, Aswan, El Qanater El Khayreya, Faiyum, Minya and Luxor. The sixth day of protests, on 25 September, was called a "Day of Rage".

Sociopolitical analysis
Dalia Fahmy of Long Island University said that the 20 September 2019 protests showed people "[breaking] the fear barrier", which she said was surprising but expected because of demographic change. She stated, "When you have much of the population that doesn't live with the post-revolution trauma or memories, you have a group of young people coming in with a different set of demands and different kinds of understanding of a future possibility. So those on the streets today are very different from the ones that were there eight years ago."

Muslim Brotherhood role
According to American University in Cairo political science professor Mustafa Kamel al-Sayyed, the Muslim Brotherhood supported and amplified Mohamed Ali's criticisms against Sisi and Ali's calls for protests. Al-Sayyed stated, "the Brotherhood certainly benefited from his videos and their channels exploited what he was saying to portray a negative image of Sisi's leadership." He expected that the Muslim Brotherhood as an "idea based on Islam [would] continue to attract many."

Former member of parliament and member of the al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies, Amr el-Shobaki, judged the Brotherhood's role to be weak, stating that the Brotherhood does not "have the capacity to call for a rally [and its] capacity to recruit new members has been weakened." He said that the 20 September protests were by "everyday youth, those economically marginalised" and that "the Brotherhood wasn't behind or even participated" in the protests.

Reactions
Writing in The Independent on 6 October 2019, Bel Trew criticised the lack of reactions of Western powers to the wave of arrests, stating "no major western ally of Egypt has breathed a word."

Egypt
The Revolutionary Socialists stated that the protests "restored hope to the millions who were desperate". The Social Democratic Party, a supporter of the 2013 coup by Sisi, objected to the 2019 crackdown, stating that citizens had the right to "exercise their constitutional and legal right to peaceful demonstration".

International civil society protests
Demonstrations by expatriate Egyptians in support of the 21 September and 22 September protests took place in the United States, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and South Africa.

On 26 September, two thousand people protested in support of Waleed Abdelrahman Hassan (or Walid, Abdulrahman), a Sudanese student arrested in Cairo for alleged participation in the 21 September protest. The protest took place in Khartoum in front of the Foreign Affairs Ministry and the Egyptian embassy. The Sudanese Professionals Association (SPA) called for Abdelrahman Hassan to be able to contact his family, choose a lawyer and not be tortured or coerced. Abdelrahman Hassan's friends and relatives stated that an apparent confession by him broadcast by MBC Masr on 26 September, in which he stated support for the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, was a forced confession, given Abdelrahman Hassan's long-term opposition to Islamists in Sudan under the Omar al-Bashir government, for which he was arrested in 2013 and 2018, and during the Sudanese Revolution. Abdelrahman Hassan's friend Mohammed Saleh described the idea of Hassan supporting the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood as "unbelievable". The SPA stated that the video broadcast was "shameful" and that, "We stress here that the era when Sudanese citizens were humiliated inside or outside their country has gone and will never return." Another protest in front of the Egyptian embassy in Khartoum was held on 27 September, with protest banners stating that Abdelrahman Hassan was not a member of the Muslim brotherhood and that he didn't participate in the 2019 Egyptian protests. The Sudanese embassy in Cairo stated that it was in contact with Egyptian authorities and that Abdelrahman Hassan was charged with terrorism and membership of a banned organisation.
 * Sudan

On 29 September, the Egyptian ambassador in Khartoum was summoned and informed of concerns about Abdelrahman Hassan. The Sudanese Foreign Ministry protested against the Egyptian refusal to allow the Sudanese embassy in Cairo to meet Abdelrahman Hassan and asked for Abdelrahman Hassan to be given his full legal rights by the Egyptian authorities. Abdelrahman Hassan was released on 2 October and the Sudanese embassy in Cairo said that he would depart Cairo the same evening to return to Khartoum.

International bodies

 * European Parliament

According to the European Parliament (EP), as of 23 October 2019, there had been "no official, strong and united public response [forthcoming] from the [European Union] and its Member States to the September–October 2019 crackdown in Egypt". In Resolution 2019/2880(RSP), the EP strongly condemned the crackdown and "[reminded] Egypt that any response by the security forces should be in line with international norms and standards and its own Constitution." In the resolution, the EP itemised 18 comments, requests, instructions and demands to Egyptian and European Union authorities and to the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in relation to the crackdown and other human rights issues in Egypt.

The United States
On 23 September, between the two major protests in the fall of 2019, Sisi met with U.S. President Donald Trump at the United Nations General Assembly. In reference to the protests, Trump stated that "everybody has demonstrations" and that "Egypt has a great leader." He reiterated his support for a strong relationship between Egypt and the United States. Trump said that Sisi has brought order and stability to his country. At the meeting, Sisi claimed that the cause of the protests was "political Islam."

title: 2019 Egyptian protests


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Business Gateway

Business Gateway is a Scottish Government resource that offers advice and guidance to startup companies and established companies across Scotland. Business Gateway is the Scottish equivalent of Business Link, aiming to provide free, impartial, and confidential advice to anyone who uses the service.

The Scottish Government funded programme provides free business support to SMEs in Scotland. An extension of the Small Business Gateway (2001), it was introduced in July 2003 and is currently delivered by 12 Lead Local Authorities in Lowland Scotland and 6 in the Highlands and Islands. Responsibility for management of the Business Gateway contracts was transferred to Local Government from Scottish Enterprise on 1 April 2008. The transfer arrangements made provision for Lead Local Authorities in Lowland Scotland. Where there was more than one Local Authority in the contract area, Local Government was required to nominate a Lead Local Authority to manage the contract. The Business Gateway service was introduced in the Highlands and Islands in September 2009 with service delivery based on the six Local Authority areas there. The 2011 evaluation of Business Gateway, endorsed by the Business Gateway Scotland Board (BGSB) and the Scottish Government, recommended that the Lead Local Authority arrangements be continued for the new Business Gateway contracts from 1 October 2012.

There are three key service areas which together form the core areas which Business Gateway offers across Scotland. Often other services are available and may be subject to local variations depending on markets and Local Authority focus. The core service covers three areas:

Start-Up Advisory Service
The principal components are training workshops and advisory services. The Start-Up Advisory Service covers both pre-start and start-up/early stage support. The advisory services (one-to-one support) focus on higher value start-up businesses which are capable, with the support of Business Gateway, of employing staff. A start-up is a business that has been trading for less than 6 months. The advisor support will help the business achieve their growth objectives and aspirations. For start-up businesses not expected to employ staff, the support is predominantly through the Business Gateway website, workshops on specific business areas, the Business Gateway Enquiry Service and referrals to other services. Additional local support services may also be available to this group at the discretion of the local provider/Local Authority.

Growth Advisory Service
The principal components are training workshops and advisory services. The Growth Advisory Service is available to businesses with the potential to meet growth thresholds identified by the Local Authority. The Growth Advisory Service makes nominated one-to-one advisor support available to the customer to help them achieve their growth objectives through delivery of an Action Plan for Growth.

Local Services
In addition to the core services outlined above, the Business Gateway Local Services package provides Local Authority designed services which complement but do not duplicate existing Business Gateway national core services. The purpose of this element of the service is to ensure that Business Gateway services are able to:
 * respond quickly and appropriately to changes in the needs of the local business base; and
 * accurately reflect the specific pressures felt by local businesses.

These interventions include: Business Gateway recovery/sustainability advisory support; expert help and specialist support; localised bespoke training workshops; and networking events to inequality groups. Business Gateway providers in Scotland are a mix of contractors and Local Authority in house operations. The service is overseen by a Management Group which is currently (Jan 2018) being restructured and benefits from a national operations unit based in Edinburgh.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Business Gateway


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Talk:Mary Jo Buttafuoco/Archives/2014

Maiden name
Doesn't anyone know her maiden name?? Quis separabit? 18:31, 6 April 2013 (UTC)

Her maiden name is Connery. She is Irish descent, while Joey is Italian descent.--Splashen (talk) 04:34, 20 September 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mary Jo Buttafuoco/Archives/2014


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Jack Brown (ice hockey)

John William Henry Brown (April 22, 1893 – November 2, 1973 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player at the right wing position. He played with the Toronto Shamrocks, the Toronto Blueshirts, and the Toronto 228th Battalion of the National Hockey Association between 1914–1917.

title: Jack Brown (ice hockey)


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Women's Way

Women's Way is a grantmaking, advocacy, and education 501(c)(3) status nonprofit that deals with current issues facing women and girls in the greater Philadelphia region.

Several women-focused nonprofits formed the organization in the late-1970s in response to financial struggles. The causes they served at the time were controversial and hard to fund.

In more recent years, Women's Way has focused its scope with a comprehensive advocacy/public policy program. The issues it addresses include: women's health (which spans from reproductive choices to maternal health care), domestic and community violence (including human trafficking and sex trafficking), workplace equity and economic self-sufficiency for women, the empowerment and leadership development of girls, and the underrepresentation of women in positions of leadership and elected office.

As of 2013, Women's Way's Executive Director is Wendy Voet.

Its vision statement says it works to create a "powerful voice for women."

Founding
Lynn Yeakel, Louise Page, Ernesta Drinker Ballard, Margaret Bacon, Winnie Schoefer, and Cathy Strauss originally formed Women's Way as an umbrella organization in 1977 when several struggling Philadelphia-based women-centered nonprofits decided to unite to pool their resources and establish a greater capacity for advocacy and fundraising. The coalition consisted of seven founding member agencies: Options, a group that provided worker support and sought equal pay and opportunity in the workplace; WOAR, the only rape crisis center in Philadelphia at the time; Women's Law Project, a group advocating for women through legal means; Elizabeth Blackwell Health Center for Women, an independent nonprofit gynecological and abortion clinic and birth center; Women in Transition, a counseling service for women undergoing separation and divorce; and the Pennsylvania Program for Women and Girl Offenders, a group seeking to help women and girls transition back into society after incarceration. Through this unification, Women's Way became the first umbrella women's funding federation in the United States.

Shortly after obtaining seed money from the William Penn Foundation, Women's Way elected Ernesta Drinker Ballard as its first president.

In 1978 Women's Way held its first annual dinner, the Powerful Voice Awards. There the organization awarded Coretta Scott King the first Lucretia Mott Award, an award they continue to present.

Clash with United Way
Women's Way gained publicity in 1980 after a clash with fellow nonprofit United Way. Women's Way applied for United Way membership, but United Way denied the application because, according to their rejection letter, some of Women's Way's member agencies supported abortion and birth control, which violated an agreement United Way had with the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. In response to Women's Way's confrontation and public backlash, United Way introduced the Donor Choice, allowing participating Philadelphia employees to designate a payroll deduction to a nonprofit, even if that nonprofit is not a member of United Way.

Notable Events and Conferences
On November 8 through November 10, 1987, Women's Way held its first national conference in honor of the 200th anniversary of the Constitution. Titled Unfinished Agenda: Women's Future Under the Constitution, it dealt with and developed an agenda addressing women's evolving status under the Constitution, particularly as it pertained to education, violence, economic equality, and reproductive choice. Over 85 speakers presented, including Ellen Goodman, Gloria Steinem, The Hon. William Gray, III, Eleanor Holmes Norton, Gerda Lerner, Lynn Yeakel, Cynthia J. Little, Maggie Kuhn, Yolanda King, and Helen Reddy. Women's Way invited "[a]ll those interested in the past, present, and future of American women."

Other notable events include 1990's Women in Concert, featuring Dionne Warwick, the Judds and the Roches and hosted by Olympia Dukakis, as well as 1995's stand-up comedy show Humor Her, featuring Margaret Cho, Leighann Lord, and Pam Matteson. Both events acted as fund raisers.

20th Anniversary Mural
Women's Way unveiled its 20th anniversary mural in 1999. Located between 21st and 22nd streets on JFK Boulevard, the mural depicted women and girls from all walks of life, an American flag, a jean jacket decorated with feminist pins, shirts with white, blue, and pink collars, various accoutrements of the modern day woman (including a packed calendar, make up, a cell phone, an apron, a sneaker, and a ballet slipper), and the Women's Way logo. Local artist Diane Keller worked with WOMEN'S WAY and Philadelphia's Mural Arts Program to design and paint the mural.

The 2000s to Present
The 2000s brought new initiatives to Women's Way: the first Women and Influence Conference in 2002, the first A Change of Pace research report in 2003, the first Women's Issues Summit in 2005, the launching of the Community Women's Fund in 2006, and the first Ernesta Drinker Ballard Book Prize in 2007.

In 2008 Women's Way launched public education and advocacy/public policy programs. The group further restructured in 2011 by launching a new grantmaking program, Women's Way's Action Partners, which replaced its previous member agency program. The first group of Action Partners, six in total, were announced on July 31, 2012.

Philosophy
Women's Way's states its vision to be: "Women's Way is the leading funding, advocacy and education organization for women in the Greater Philadelphia region, at the forefront of identifying needs, sharing knowledge and building awareness to challenge social inequities and empower women."

It prioritizes collaboration, adaptability, addressing unmet and/or previously unrecognized needs, and approaching entrenched issues in fresh and original ways.

Grantmaking
Women's Way provides grants to other nonprofits through three grantmaking programs.

The Community Women's Fund awards grants annually to groups that provide direct services to or advocate for the elderly, LGBTQ, immigrants, the disabled, low-income families, and incarcerated women, or groups that promote reproductive rights, economic equality for women, comprehensive sexual education, and leadership development for girls. Past recipients include Wings for Success, Norris Square Neighborhood Project, and Women's Medical Fund.

Women's Way also selects up to six nonprofits that reflect their mission to develop deeper relationships with. These groups, dubbed Action Partners, receive up to three years of general operating support.

Finally, through Women for Social Innovation (a giving circle managed by Women's Way), Women's Way awards seed money to an emerging nonprofit every year via The Turning Point Prize. This emerging nonprofit must innovatively address a difficult problem facing a specific population of women, girls, or families through entrepreneurial solutions. Past groups to receive the Turning Point Prize include Mommy Grads, Rock to the Future, and the Empowered Mom's Thinktank.

Women's Way will not fund groups against reproductive choice or same-sex marriage.

As of 2012, Jennifer Leith is Women's Way's Director of Grantmaking.

Advocacy and public policy
Women's Way advocates for violence prevention for women and girls, for the expansion of reproductive rights and women's access to healthcare, and for female economic equality and independence.

Women's Way is the chair of the Southeastern Pennsylvania branch of Raising Women's Voices and works with the National Women's Health Network to ensure women's health concerns are addressed in federal health care reform.

Additionally, Women's Way works with the Coalition for Healthy Families and Workplaces to gain paid sick days for Philadelphia workers and their families. With Women's Way's help, the Promoting Healthy Families and Workplaces (Bill No. 080474) was passed by city council in June 2011, but Mayor Michael Nutter later vetoed it. Eventually an abbreviated version was passed.

As of 2012, Jen Horwitz is Women's Way's Director of Public Policy.

State-level Advocacy
Women's Way is collaborating with Senator Daylin Leach to pass The National Human Trafficking Resource Center Hotline Act (SB338) in the Pennsylvania Congress. This act would require certain pertinent establishments (such as truck and rest stops, welcome centers, and bus stations) to post the hotline phone number, giving trafficking victims greater access to help.

City-level Advocacy
At the local level, Women's Way is working to introduce legislation in the Philadelphia City Council, both to establish assistance for survivors of human trafficking and to require massage establishments, where human trafficking scams are often run, to obtain licenses.

Women's Way and Philadelphia City Councilwoman Blondell Reynolds Brown worked together to raise local support for SB 338 and passed a resolution making January Human Trafficking Month.

Other
To gain support of these policy changes, Women's Way held several screenings of the movies The Whistleblower and Very Young Girls. These screenings were followed by panel discussions about human trafficking in the Philadelphia area.

Women's Issues Summit
Every year Women's Way gathers representatives from regional nonprofits serving women, girls, and families for the Women's Issues Summit. The representatives meet in small themed groups to identify the top emerging issues in their fields and then report back to the group at large. Women's Way uses this information to help decide how to allocate funds for grantmaking and to establish its advocacy agenda. It also encourages networking between organizations during the summit.

Women and Influence Conference
The Women and Influence Conference is a public forum focused instead on one specific issue decided upon ahead of time. 2011's theme was Taking Charge: Women and Work.

Ernesta Drinker Ballard Book Prize
Women's Way also annually awards the Ernesta Drinker Ballard Book Prize to a recently published female author who has helped make headway in the dialogue about women's rights through her work. The 2012 winner was Rebecca Traister for her book Big Girls Don't Cry.

A Change of Pace Research Report
Women's Way puts together its signature research report, A Change of Pace, to assess and report on women's socioeconomic status, viewpoints on key political issues, and continuing challenges. The organization then makes its information available to local organizations. It was first released in 2003 and again in 2008.

Lunchtime Policy Briefings
Women's Way holds biannual Lunchtime Policy Briefings. By registering for participation in a conference call, those interested are given the opportunity to ask questions about a predetermined political topic previously explained by the Director of Public Policy. In the past the calls have discussed how healthcare reform will affect reproductive health and women's health in general.

Young Women's Initiative
Established in 1997, the Young Women's Initiative is an outreach program engineered around increasing knowledge of women's issues, cultivating community leadership, and creating networking opportunities for women under 40. The initiative offers community service opportunities, quarterly happy hours for her, a book club, and workshops on topics like social media and life balance for to its constituents.

Action Partners
· Alice Paul Institute: a center for young women's leadership development based in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey.

· Childspace Cooperative Development Inc.: an advocacy organization, based in the Germantown section of Philadelphia, focused on issues of economic self-sufficiency for childcare workers, providers, and low-income families in the Philadelphia region.

· Domestic Abuse Project of Delaware County: a comprehensive agency addressing domestic violence prevention and helping victims of domestic violence throughout Delaware County.

· Women’s Law Project: a statewide Philadelphia-based organization focused on high-impact litigation, advocacy, and education dedicated to creating a more just and equitable society by advancing the rights and status of all women throughout their lives.

· Women’s Opportunities Resource Center: located in Center City Philadelphia, promotes social and economic self-sufficiency primarily for economically disadvantaged women and their families through varied programming in the Philadelphia region.

· Women Organized Against Rape: a direct service and advocacy organization, based in Center City Philadelphia, focused on eliminating all forms of sexual violence in Philadelphia.

title: Women's Way


text:
Lucas Johannes Meyer

Lucas Johannes Meyer (19 November 1846 – 8 August 1902), was a Boer general, member of the Transvaal government and president of the Nieuwe Republiek.

Early life
Meyer was the eldest son of Izaak Johannes Meijer and his wife, Martha Maria Elizabeth Landman and the grandson of Lucas Johannes Meyer, a Voortrekker leader and member of the Volksraad of the Natalia Republic. As a young man, Meyer went to Natal and lived in Ladysmith and Newcastle, but in 1865 he settled in the Utrecht district in the South African Republic. In 1872 he was elected field cornet.

Career
He strongly opposed the British annexation of the Transvaal. At the battle of Ingogo, during the First Anglo-Boer War he was badly wounded and unable to fight at the Battle of Majuba Hill. After the war, he served as magistrate of Utrecht from 1882 to 1884. In 1884 he became the district commandant and the leader of a group of Boers who assisted Prince Dinuzulu during the power struggle in Zululand, against his brother Zibhebhu. At the Battle of Tshaneni on 5 June 1884 Dinuzulu and his warriors, with the help of some 100 Boers, defeated Zibhebhu.

After the victory, Dinizulu handed a piece of land to the Boers as compensation for their assistance and Meyer played a leading role in the establishment of the Nieuwe Republiek on the land. In August 1884, he was appointed Commandant-General and Acting President and when his friend and confidant, Commandant-General Piet Joubert who had been elected president refused the appointment, Meyer became president. Meyer fought for the recognition of the Nieuwe Republiek, as the Republic was recognized only by the German Empire and the South African Republic. He then took a leading role in obtaining British permission for the incorporation of the Nieuwe Republiek into the South African Republic as the Vryheid district, which permission was granted in 1888.

In 1890, Commandant-General Joubert appointed Meyer as frontier commissioner of the Transvaal's southern border and he held office until he was elected the first member of the Volksraad for Utrecht in 1893 and in 1899, he became chairman of the Volksraad.

Meyer played an important role in Natal during the Second Anglo-Boer War as General of the southern commandos in the Transvaal and the various advances into Natal. He commanded the Boer forces attacking Dundee at the Battle of Talana Hill on 20 October 1899. However, due to illness, he was forced to leave the scene of fighting during the battle at Modderspruit on 30 October 1899 and command was taken over by General Louis Botha. Meyer returned to the battlefield and took part in the Battle of Vaal Krantz during February 1900 and also assisted with the occupation of Biggarsberg in May 1900.

Because of ill health, he was unable to take an active part during the latter part of the war and at the conclusion of the war, he became a member of the Executive Council, taking part in the peace conference and was one of the signatories of the Treaty of Vereeniging.

Personal life and death
Meyer was a tall, powerfully built man, immensely popular and was commonly referred to as the 'Lion of Vryheid'. He was married twice, first to Margaretha Johanna van Niekerk and after her death in 1892, he married Petronella Burger. Three children were born from his first marriage. During a visit to Europe he died of heart disease in Brussels, Belgium. He was buried in the cemetery in Vryheid.

title: Lucas Johannes Meyer


text:
User:Aoa8212

I'm a male born in June 1981. I have no agenda, I just want to post factual information from a neutral POV.

title: User:Aoa8212


text:
Matilda (1803 ship)

Matilda was launched at Calcutta in 1803. She spent most of her career in private trade in India or in trading between England and India. She participated in the British invasion of Java (1811) and made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC). She grounded and was wrecked in March 1822.

Career
Matilda at least twice underwent repairs in England and fitting out for the return voyage to India. In 1804 the cost was £10,085 and in 1806 it was £9,654. Matilda was admitted to the Registry of Great Britain on 2 January 1806. However, she does not appear in the Register of Shipping until 1809.

Matilda appeared for the first time in the Register of Shipping in 1810. Her master was P. Scott, and her owner Bruce & Co.

Matilda, Hogue, Davidson, & Co., owners, appeared in a list of vessels registered at Calcutta in January 1811.

Matilda was one of the transport vessels for the British invasion of Java (1811), conducted under the auspices of Lord Minto. She was in the first division, which left Malacca on 8 June 1811.

In March 1812 a British squadron, consisting of HMS Bucephalus (1808), HMS Cornelia (1808), and HMS Procris (1806), as well as the EIC's warships Mercury and Teignnmouth, and its gunboats Wellington and Young Barracouta, as well as the transports Sandany, Minerva, Matilda, and Mary Ann, sailed from Batavia on a punitive expedition to Palembang, on Sumatra, after the Sultan there massacred Dutch and Malays at the Dutch factory there earlier in the month. The British brought with them detachments from the 59th and 89th Regiments of Foot, the Madras horse artillery and hussars (dismounted), Bengal artillery, two battalions of sepoys, and an Ambonese contingent.

Matilda also appears in the Register of Shipping in 1819 with Hamilton as master and owner.

EIC voyage (1819–1820): Captain William Hamilton sailed from Portsmouth 22 April 1819, bound for China. Matilda arrived at Whampoa Anchorage on 12 September. Homeward bound, she crossed the Second Bar on 23 November, reached Saint Helena on 6 February 1820, and arrived at the Downs on 7 April. She then returned to private trade to India, sailing under a licence from the EIC.

Fate
Matilda left London on 4 August 1821 for Bengal. She was at the Cape of Good Hope on 24 December.

Matilda wrecked on Saugor Sand, River Ganges, on 5 March 1822. The Bengal Pilot Service vessel Guide, Mr. Thomas Yong, master, rescued the passengers and crew. Guide carried them to Kedgeree, arriving there on 7 March.

title: Matilda (1803 ship)


text:
Wikipedia:Featured topics/Million Dollar Backfield (San Francisco 49ers)

The Million Dollar Backfield was the offensive backfield of the National Football League's San Francisco 49ers from 1954 to 1956. Featuring quarterback Y. A. Tittle, halfbacks Hugh McElhenny and John Henry Johnson, and fullback Joe Perry, it is regarded as one of the best backfields compiled in NFL history, and is the only full house backfield to have all four of its members enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.


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White-headed pigeon

The white-headed pigeon (Columba leucomela) is a pigeon native to the east coast of Australia.

Taxonomy and systematics
The pigeon family is a group of stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a worldwide distribution. The white-headed pigeon is in the genus Columba, the same as the Rock dove (C. livia) from which the domestic pigeon is derived. It has no subspecies.

The white-headed pigeon was originally classified as C. norfolciensis, but the 1953 discovery of an 18th century painting indicated that the description was likely for a different bird on Norfolk Island, perhaps the Pacific emerald dove (Chalcophaps longirostris). It is most closely related to the Metallic pigeon (C. vitiensis).

Description
The white-headed pigeon draws its name from its distinctive white head, neck, breast, and belly. In males, the wings are slate grey, along with the tail. The upperparts are grey black, with a green or purple iridescence. The bill is pink to dark red, but with a yellow or white tip. The legs and feet are pink to red. Females appear similar to males, but their white coloration is less brilliant and more muddied. Juveniles are similar to females, but with a greyer head and darker gray underparts. Juveniles have greyer feet, legs, and bills, with the bill white tipped. Adults range from 38-42 cm from beak to tail, and weigh around 420 g.

The eye ring and legs are red and the eyes are pale orange or yellow.

Their call is loud and gruff sounding like "WHOO!" followed by a gruff inhalation sounding "uk" (repeated three times). Sometimes the call is a low "oom".

Distribution and habitat
The pigeon's habitat is from Cooktown, Queensland to southern New South Wales, with increasing numbers now found in eastern Victoria. It can commonly be found in tropical regions, subtropical rainforest, scrub, watercourses and street trees. Since colonisation of Australia, their numbers have decreased but they have thrived on the introduced Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora).

Behavior and ecology
The white-headed pigeon's nest generally consists of scanty twigs and is usually placed high in canopy up to 18 metres. It tends to lay one cream-white egg. Breeding is mostly from October to December.

These pigeons are often found alone, in pairs or in small flocks. They are very quiet and elusive. Their flight is swift and direct.

Feeding
This bird's diet consists of fruits and seeds, with its favourite food being the invasive camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora). White-headed pigeons will consume buds, flowers, leaves, and ripe and unripe fruits of the camphor laurel year-round. They feed in tree canopies alone or small groups, but may also feed on the ground from time to time. Larger groups may gather when feeding on camphor laurels, up to 100. It also eats fallen grains in cornfields.

Status
Due to its large range, and an increasing population, the white-headed pigeon is considered a least-concern species.

title: White-headed pigeon


text:
Rob Goris

Rob Goris (16 March 1982 – 5 July 2012) was a Belgian professional road racing cyclist who rode for UCI Professional Continental Team team.

Before becoming a cyclist he competed at national level in ice hockey. He died of a heart attack in his hotel room in Rouen while visiting the 2012 Tour de France.

Major achievements

 * 2010
 * 1st MaillotBélgica.PNG National Amateur Road Race Championships
 * 1st Antwerpse Havenpijl

title: Rob Goris


text:
e medio abeo

Etymology
From +, the ablative of  +. Hence literally “out of the public I depart” or “I pass away from the public”.

Phrase

 * 1) I die, I pass away

title: e medio abeo


text:
2019–20 NJIT Highlanders men's basketball team

The 2019–20 NJIT Highlanders men's basketball team represented the New Jersey Institute of Technology in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Highlanders, led by fourth-year head coach Brian Kennedy, played their home games at the Wellness and Events Center in Newark, New Jersey as members of the Atlantic Sun Conference. They finished the season 9–21, 6–10 in ASUN play, to finish in eighth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the ASUN tournament to Liberty.

This was the final season the Highlanders were a member of the ASUN. On June 14, 2020, it was announced that on they would become a full member of the America East Conference beginning July 1, 2020.

Previous season
The Highlanders finished the 2018–19 season 22–13 overall, 8–8 in ASUN play, to finish in fifth place. In the ASUN tournament, they defeated Florida Gulf Coast in the quarterfinals, before losing to Lipscomb in the semifinals. They received an invitation to the CIT, where they defeated Quinnipiac in the first round, before losing to Hampton in the quarterfinals.

Schedule and results
!colspan=12 style=| Non-conference regular season

!colspan=9 style=| Atlantic Sun Conference regular season

!colspan=12 style=| Atlantic Sun tournament

Source:


text:
Girls Like That

Girls Like That may refer to:

 * Girls Like That (song), a song by Deep Purple
 * Girls Like That (play), a play by Evan Placey

title: Girls Like That


text:
Talk:Declan Danaher

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External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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title: Talk:Declan Danaher


text:
Mangelia phoxos

Mangelia phoxos is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

Description
The length of the shell attains 5.8 mm, diameter 2 mm.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off Natal, South Africa.

title: Mangelia phoxos


text:
Sofiya Palkina

Sofiya Olegovna Palkina (Софья Олеговна Палкина; born 9 June 1998) is a Russian female hammer thrower, who won an individual gold medal at the 2015 World Youth Championships and at the 2019 European Athletics U23 Championships.

title: Sofiya Palkina


text:
User:Vuara/Ancient Anomalies

Could Ancient Man Fly? Models of airplanes thousands of years old... vast works of art that can only be seen from the air... ancient texts that describe aerial battles. Are they proof that ancient civilizations mastered powered flight? Flight has been the dream of humankind since they watched in awe as birds soared effortlessly through the sky. But, according to accepted history, it wasn't until the 1780s that two Frenchmen achieved lighter-than-air flight when they were lifted into the air in a hot air balloon near Paris. Then powered, heavier-than-air flight became the goal. And although it was theorized that heavier-than-air flight was possible as early as the 13th century, and in the 16th century Leonardo da Vinci designed winged aircraft and a crude kind of helicopter, it wasn't until the Wright brothers made their first successful flights at Kitty Hawk in 1903 that powered flight became a reality.

That's the widely accepted history. Some researchers and a few rogue scientists believe there's evidence to suggest that humans achieved flight earlier in history - much earlier... so early, they say, that the knowledge of this technology has been lost and ancient stories that recount adventures of human flight have been relegated only to myth.

Is it possible that humans developed the technology to fly in early civilizations - or in civilizations that are now lost to history? Let's take a look at what some call the evidence - intriguing artifacts, carvings, inscriptions and legends - that they say point to the true record human of flight.

The Egyptian Airplane

In 1898, a peculiar six-inch wooden object was found in a tomb at Saqquara, Egypt that dated back to about 200 BCE. The object had a body or fuselage, seven-inch wings that curved downward slightly, a fixed rudder and a tail. It looked very much like a modern airplane or glider. But since airplanes had not yet been invented in 1898 (never mind ancient Egypt), it was labeled as a model of bird and stored away in the basement of the Cairo museum.

http://paranormal.about.com/library/graphics/egypt_plane.jpg

The object was rediscovered many years later by Dr. Khalil Messiha, an authority on ancient models. According to Messiha and others who have studied the object, it has characteristics of very advanced aerodynamics, much like modern pusher-gliders that require very little power to stay aloft. The curved wings are today known as reversedihedral wings, which can attain great amounts of lift. A similar design is employed on the supersonic Concorde aircraft.

Was this just a child's toy? Or was it a scale model of an aircraft the Egyptians planned to build... or did build. If they did build a full-scale version of the aircraft, no evidence exists for it. No full-size airplanes have been found in any pharaoh's tomb to fly him to the land of the dead.

The Carvings at Abydos

http://paranormal.about.com/library/graphics/abydos.jpg

Although no airplanes or airplane parts have ever been found from the ruins of ancient Egypt, is there corroborating evidence that they constructed aircraft?

Even more controversial than the model airplane are the enigmatic carvings found in the temple of Abydos, Egypt by Dr. Ruth Hover. Hover photographed a wall panel which had been revealed when a newer overlaying panel crumbled and fell off. The older panel beneath contained embossed images that resemble modern aircraft as seen in profile.

One bears a striking resemblance to a modern helicopter, while others could be interpreted as aircraft, hovercraft or even flying saucers. When the photos of these carvings first surfaced, it was assumed that they had been digitally altered to create a sensational hoax. And indeed some of them had been retouched to more clearly show aircraft-like features. But even unaltered photos seemed to show the very modern-looking figures.

Perhaps looks are deceiving, however. The official take from archaeologists is that the strange carvings are palimpsests - the result of two or more overlapping carvings that combine to look like something else. The "aircraft," they say, are merely combinations of overlapping hieroglyphics.

Central and South American Shuttle

Egypt's isn't the only ancient civilization that has produced puzzling artifacts. A remarkable gold trinket estimated to be at least 1,000 years old - dating perhaps to between 500 and 800 AD - was found in Central America and along coastal areas of South America. If you weren't aware of its age, you might guess that it was a child's model of the Space Shuttle or a delta wing fighter aircraft.

http://paranormal.about.com/library/graphics/sa_plane.jpg

When the artifact was discovered, archaeologists called it a zoomorph, or animal-shaped object. It resembles no known flying animal, however. It looks distinctly mechanical with its delta-shaped wings, stabilizer fins and rudder. It even has what looks like a pilot's seat in the right place. Experts in aerodynamics, however, contend that the wings are too far back for the object's center of gravity, and that the nose is not aerodynamically sound.

Whatever this object is supposed to be or represent, its remarkable resemblance to a modern aircraft or spacecraft is uncanny.

Nazca - A Reason to Fly?

Spread over a 37 by 15 mile plateau near Nazca, Peru are huge works of art "drawn" on the ground by people of the Paracas and Nasca cultures. The figures, called geoglyphs, are stylized portraits of a 18 different kinds of birds, a curly-tailed monkey as big as a football field, a killer whale, a 150-foot spider, a lizard, human forms and other strange objects.

http://paranormal.about.com/library/graphics/nazca.gif

Although the civilizations that created the figures flourished between 200 BC and 600 AD, no one knows for certain when the geoglyphs were made... or why. But since they were discovered, archaeologists have wondered by these people would create such monumental works of art that could not be appreciated from the ground. The figures can only be distinguished when viewed from a great height. In fact, they were discovered in recent times only when an explorer noticed them when flying over them in an airplane. Since there are no nearby mountains or other elevated areas nearby from which to look down on the Nazca lines, how were they ever seen?

Because of Nazca's large grids of crisscrossing paths, that seem to go nowhere (some extending as long as six miles), authors such as Erich Von Daniken have suggested (with only this as "evidence") that Nazca is a ancient spaceport. The paths, he contends, are runways for aircraft, and that their pilots and passengers were those privileged to view the large-scale figures.

Less sensationalistic is the suggestion that this ancient civilization constructed hot-air balloons in which to take passengers aloft to view the symbols. In 1974, Julian Nott and Jim Woodman tested this theory by building a balloon made of materials available to the Nazca natives. They constructed a gondola of totora reeds and stitched-together sheets of cotton cloth that they filled with the hot air from wood smoke. Their balloon, dubbed Condor I, quickly rose to over 300 feet, proving that it was at least possible for the South American natives of this region to have achieved lighter-than-air flight long before Europeans did.

The Vaimanika-sastra

Although the Chinese are credited with inventing rocketry, some people believe that an ancient text from India describes sophisticated air flight by human pilots. Written by Maharishi Bharadwaja in the 4th century BC (allegedly dictated while he was in a trance), the Vaimanika-sastra seems to talk about piloting some kind of aircraft - a vimana - with some astonishing capabilities.

Sounding like a manual for aerial battle (or instructions to a video game), the text claims to reveal 32 secrets of piloting a vimana, including:

Goodha - permits the pilot to make his vimana invisible to his enemies. Paroksha - enables the pilot to paralyze other vimanas and put them out of action. Pralaya - pushes an electrical force through the "five-limbed aerial tube" so that the pilot may "destroy everything as in a cataclysm." Taara - provides the pilot with another means of avoiding contact with an enemy or hiding from observers: "By mixing with ethereal force 10 parts of air force, 7 parts of water force, and 16 parts of solar glow, and projecting it by means of the star-faced mirror through the frontal tube of the vimana, the appearance of a star-spangled sky is created." Jalada roopa - instructs the pilot in the correct proportions of certain chemicals which will envelop the vimana and give it "the appearance of a cloud." Was the Vaimanika-sastra simply imaginative writing, rich with symbolism and religious meaning? Or was it a description of ancient yet advanced technology that humankind was not to rediscover until the 20th century?

+++

History Mystery: Ancients in America Long before Columbus sailed to North America, this hemisphere may have been visited by other Europeans, ancient Romans, Chinese and Japanese - even the ancient Egyptians! In fourteen hundred and ninety-two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue...

Many of us learned that rhyme, part of a longer history poem, when being taught in school that Christopher Columbus discovered America. Although nothing can be taken away from Columbus' daring voyage, he certainly was not the first to arrive on the shores of the Americas. For one thing, there were already people here - many Native American nations inhabited what later became North and South America and even the Caribbean islands where Columbus landed. Columbus probably wasn't even the first "white man" to make it here. It's fairly well documented that Icelander Leif Ericsson successfully sailed to North America in the year 1000 - almost 500 years prior to Columbus's voyage.

In fact, there's a growing amount of proof suggesting that a lot of the familiar history of human exploration and "discovery" by our ancestors as we were taught it may be quite wrong. There is hard evidence of ancient civilizations making their mark in places where, according to traditionally accepted history, they just shouldn't be. Here's an overview of some of the most remarkable and fascinating cases.

Greeks and Romans in the New World

Coins: Roman coins have been found in Venezuela and Maine. Roman coins were found in Texas at the bottom of an Indian mound at Round Rock. The mound is dated at approximately 800 AD. In 1957 by a small boy found a coin in a field near Phenix City, Alabama, from Syracuse, on the island of Sicily, and dating from 490 B.C. In the town of Heavener, Oklahoma, another out-of-place coin was found in 1976. Experts identified it as a bronze tetradrachm originally struck in Antioch, Syria in 63 A.D. and bearing the profile of the emperor Nero. In 1882, a farmer in Cass County, Illinois picked up bronze coin later identified as a coin of Antiochus IV, one of the kings of Syria who reigned from 175 B.C. to 164 B.C., and who is mentioned in the Bible. Pottery: Roman pottery was unearthed in Mexico that, according to its style, has been dated to the second century A.D. Inscriptions: In 1966, a man named Manfred Metcalf stumbled upon a stone in the state of Georgia that bears an inscription that is very similar to ancient writing from the island of Crete called "Cretan Linear A and B writing." In the early 1900s, Bernardo da Silva Ramos, a Brazilian rubber-tapper working in the Amazon jungle, found many large rocks on which was inscribed more than 2,000 ancient scripts about the "Old World." Near Rio de Janeiro, high on a vertical wall of rock - 3,000 feet up - is an inscription that reads: 'Tyre, Phoenicia, Badezir, Firstborn of Jethbaal..." and dated to the middle of the ninth century B.C. Near Parahyba, Brazil, an inscription on Phoenician has been translated, in part, as: "We are sons of Canaan from Sidon, the city of the king. Commerce has cast us on this distant shore, a land of mountains. We set [sacrificed] a youth for the exalted gods and goddesses in the nineteenth year of Hiram, our mighty king. We embarked from Ezion-Geber into the Red Sea and voyaged with ten ships. We were at sea together for two years around the land belonging to Ham [Africa] but were separated by a storm [lit. 'from the hand of Baal'], and we were no longer with our companions. So we have come here, twelve men and three women, on a... shore which I, the Admiral, control. But auspiciously may the gods and goddesses favor us!" The Kensington Stone, discovered in Kensington, Minnesota in 1898 contains an inscription describing an expedition of Norsemen into the interior of what is now North America. It's estimated that this expedition took place in the 1300s. In 1980, P.M. Leonard and J.L. Glenn, from the Hogle Zoological Gardens, Salt Lake City, visited a rock outcropping in Colorado that was reputed to be inscribed with "peculiar markings." Leonard and Glenn believe they are excellent examples of Consainne Ogam writing - a type ascribed to ancient Celts. One of the many inscriptions was translated as: "Route Guide: To the west is the frontier town with standing stones as boundary markers." A fist-sized, round stone was found during the early 1890s in an cemetery near Nashville, Tennessee. Its front was inscribed with symbols thought to be Libyan, pre-100 A.D. style. It translates as: "The colonists pledge to redeem." Pictures: An experienced botanist has identified plants in an ancient fresco painting as a pineapple and a specific species of squash - both native to the Americas. Yet the fresco is in the Roman city of Pompeii. Statues: In 1933, in a burial at Calixtlahuaca, Mexico, archaeologist Jos?Garc燰 Pay鏮 discovered a small carved head with "foreign" features in an undisturbed burial site. It was later identified by anthropologist Robert Heine-Geldern as "unquestionably" from the Hellenistic-Roman school of art and suggested a date of "around AD 200." Structures: Many stone chambers dot the New England countryside and most archaeologists insist they are all potato cellars built long ago by farmers. Others argue that they are too sophisticated for such a mundane application. One, is built into a hillside at Upton, Massachusetts, has sophisticated corbelling that follows they style of Irish and Iberic chambers. It's theorized that it was really built by Europeans around 700 AD - long before the Leif Eiriksson. Ships: In 1886, the remains of a shipwreck was found in Galveston Bay, Texas. Its construction is typically Roman. Toys: A doll made of wood and wax was found deep in a "Well of Sacrifice" at Chich幯 Itz? Mexico, on which is written Roman script. Tombs: In the Mayan ruins of Palenque, a stone sarcophagus was found that is very much in the style of the ancient Phoenicians.

The Far-Traveling Egyptians

Statues: In 1914, archaeologist M.A. Gonzales was excavating some Mayan ruins in the city of Acajutla, Mexico when he was surprised by the discovery of two statuettes that were clearly Egyptian. One male and one female, the carvings bore ancient Egyptian dress and cartouches. They are thought to depict Osiis and Isis. Inscriptions: Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs have been found in New South Wales, Australia. Located on a rock cliff in the National Park forest of the Hunter Valley, north of Sydney, the enigmatic carvings have been known since the early 1900s. There are more than 250 carvings of familiar Egyptian gods and symbols, including a life-sized engraving of the god Anubis. The hieroglyphs tell the story of explorers who were shipwrecked in a strange and hostile land, and the untimely death of their royal leader, "Lord Djes-eb." From this information, scholars have been able to date the voyage to somewhere between 1779 and 2748 BC. Fossils: In 1982, archaeologists digging at Fayum, near the Siwa Oasis in Egypt uncovered fossils of kangaroos and other Australian marsupials. Language: There are striking similarities between the languages of ancient Egypt and those of the Native Americans that inhabited the areas around Louisiana about the time of Christ. B. Fell, of the Epigraphic Society, has stated that the language of the Atakapas, and to a lesser extent those of the Tunica and Chitimacha tribes, have affinities with Nile Valley languages involving just those words one would associate with Egyptian trading communities of 2,000 years ago. Artifacts: Near the Neapean River outside Penrith, New South Wales, a scarab beetle - a familair Egyptian symbol - carved from onyx was unearthed. Another was found in Queensland, Australia. Tombs: The April 5, 1909 edition of The Phoenix Gazette carried a front-page article about the discovery and excavation of an Egyptian tomb in the Grand Canyon by none other that the Smithsonian. The Smithsonian has since denied knowledge of any such discovery. The Scattered Tribes of Israel

Inscriptions: In 1889, the Smithsonian's Mound Survey project discovered a stone in a burial mound in eastern Tennessee on which is inscribed ancient Hebrew lettering. Known as The Bat Creek Stone, experts have identified its letters as being Paleo-Hebrew dating from the first or second century A.D. Some of the letters spell out: "for Judea." An abridged version of the Ten Commandments was found carved into the flat face of a large boulder resting on the side of Hidden Mountain near Los Lunas, New Mexico. Known as The Los Lunas Inscription, its language is Hebrew, and the script is the Old Hebrew alphabet with a few Greek letters mixed in. Artifacts: In June, 1860, David Wyrick found an artifact on the general shape of a keystone near Newark, Ohio that is covered in four ancient Hebrew inscriptions translated as: "Holy of Holies," "King of the Earth," "The Law of God" and "The Word of God." In November of that same year, Wyrick found an inscribed stone in a burial mound about 10 miles south of of Newark, Ohio. The stone is inscribed on all sides with a condensed version of the Ten Commandments or Decalogue, in a peculiar form of post-Exilic square Hebrew letters. A robed and bearded figure on the front is identified as Moses in letters fanning over his head. Asians on the West Coast

Stories: Indian traditions tell of many "houses" seen on Pacific waters. Could they have been ships from Asia? Chinese history tells a charming account of voyages to the land of "Fusang." Old Spanish documents describe oriental ships off the Mexican coast in 1576. Coins: In the summer of 1882, a miner in British Columbia found 30 Chinese coins 25 feet below the surface. The examined coins of this style were invented by the Emperor Huungt around 2637 B.C. Artifacts: Japanese explorers and traders left steel blades in Alaska and their distinctive pottery in Ecuador. Underwater explorations off the California coast have yielded stone artifacts that seem to be anchors and line weights. The style and type of stone point to Chinese origins. Structures: California's East Bay Walls, ancient low rock walls east of San Francisco Bay, have long been a mystery. No one knows who built them or why. In 1904, Dr. John Fryer, professor of Oriental languages at U.C. Berkeley, declared: "This is undoubtedly the work of Mongolians... the Chinese would naturally wall themselves in, as they do in all of their towns in China."

title: User:Vuara/Ancient Anomalies


text:
User:St. Jimmy Jammy/Xbox Demos

Xbox Demos is a video game compilation released on October 15, 2002 for the Xbox containing Sega GT 2002 and Jet Set Radio Future as well as trailers for various Xbox games. It has no official name and was not released in Japan. The compilation was bundled with Xbox systems and was not sold separately, in Europe it didn't even come in a box. Despite the main menu appearing similar to Xbox Kiosk demos, the disc contains the two games as full titles along with videos of other Xbox titles and features.

Games included

 * Full Games
 * Sega GT 2002
 * Jet Set Radio Future
 * Trailers
 * Blinx: The Time Sweeper
 * Buffy the Vampire Slayer
 * MechAssault
 * Panzer Dragoon Orta
 * Shenmue II
 * Transworld Snowboarding
 * Xbox Live

title: User:St. Jimmy Jammy/Xbox Demos


text:
Charles Ross (Washington politician)

Charles R. Ross is an American funeral director and politician from Washington. Ross is a Republican Party member of the Washington House of Representatives, representing the 14th district.

Career
In 1990 after graduating from Naches Valley High School, he enlisted in the United States Navy on August 27. After completing his basic training in San Diego, CA he was assigned to VAQ-134 an Electronic Warfare Squadron of EA-6B’s based at NAS Whidbey Island. In November 1992 he deployed with his squadron onboard the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63). During this West Pac he participated in Operation Restore Hope off the coast of Somalia and then moved to the Persian Gulf to conduct combat operations in Southern Iraq. He was awarded the Joint Meritorious Unit Award, Meritorious Unit Commendation, Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, National Defense Medal and the Southwest Asia Service Medal. Ross was honorably discharged from active duty on June 15, 1994.

In 1996, Ross became a funeral director.

In 2006, Ross won the election and became a Republican Party member of the Washington House of Representatives for District 14. In 2014 Ross was elected Yakima County Auditor

Awards

 * 2014 Guardians of Small Business award. Presented by NFIB.
 * 2007, 2012 Cornerstone Award presented by the Association of Washington Business (AWB)
 * Legislator of the Year from the Washington Council of Police and Sheriffs (WACOPS), 2008
 * 2016 County Auditor of the Year presented by the Washington Secretary of State for providing outstanding election services.

Personal life
Ross' wife is CarriAnn Ross. They have two children. Ross and his family life in Naches, Washington.

title: Charles Ross (Washington politician)


text:
Cell biology

Introduction
Welcome! It seems that most people checking out this page are looking to supplement their coursework. Which was what I was looking for too when I found a somewhat empty site. I have added a section to correspond with material I have posted. It correlates with the free video lectures availiable on ITunes U. I would love for someone to post additional resources, notes or comments. This can be a resource that will help other students share information for years to come.

This is the main page for the Cell Biology course, in the Department of Cell Biology. Cell biology is typically one of the specialized courses taken by students after they have had a more general introduction to modern biology. A basic introduction to biology, as can be gained from Michael McDarby's Online Introduction to Biology or the General Biology textbook at Wikibooks, is a possible prerequisite. Chemistry is the backbone of Cellular Biology so some knowledge of Biochemistry is necessary for the concepts. Check out these sites for more information chemistry or biochemistry. However, Cell Biology is fundamental to all of biology, and can serve as a reasonable starting point for students exploring the field.

Why is this course different from all other courses?

 * 1) All other courses have clearly distinct students and instructors; in this one, the students help serve as instructors (and vice versa).
 * 2) All other courses are designed by the instructor; in this one, at this time, you are helping to create the structure.
 * 3) All other courses meet at a set time, and have set deadlines; this one is designed for anyone, anytime, anywhere and can be completed (or not) at any rate.
 * 4) All other courses have their ways of distinguishing the wise student, the wicked student, the simple student and the student who does not know how to ask; Wikiversity does not give grades or diplomas.

What should you do?

 * Read through the existing lessons. Feel free to edit and improve them.
 * Write your own lesson, covering another area of cell biology!
 * You can pick a topic in Cell Biology that fascinates you and start reading. As you discover interesting information, add what you have learned to a wiki page about the topic you are learning. Keep a record of what you read and what you write.
 * The present instructors have found that the best way to learn within a Wiki-format university is to construct wiki pages.
 * If you have another idea of what to do or would like to design a plan of study, feel free to discuss it with an instructor (such as JWSchmidt) or sign up as one! This course is a collaborative effort between students and instructors.

 * Construction of new course materials would be a big help in Wikiversity's Cell Biology Improvement Drive! You're welcome to join the Improvement Drive in additional ways, including creating or revising other cell biology pages.  For example, the Wikibooks Cell Biology textbook needs more work.

Existing Lessons
Lesson 1: What is cell biology?

Lesson 2: What is a cell?

Lesson 3: Basic cell structure

Lesson 4: Basic cell function

Lesson 5: Cell biology and medicine

Lessons to Correspond with Free ITunes U Lectures
FYI: I am reviewing Cell Biology for Medical School and thought I would help by posting links to the ITunes U lectures and providing my notes. Hopefully it will save you some time figuring out what the professor is talking about. Some knowledge of Biochemistry is necessary for these lectures. @undefined

Lesson 1:Membrane Structure: Lipids

Lesson 2:Membrane Structure: Proteins

Lesson 3:Membrane Structure: Dynamics

Instructions
Wikiversity offers instructions for how to write a page using the wiki language, and how to create useful content specifically for Wikiversity.

Suggestions

 * You might want to write a lesson about how the regulation of cell survival is a fundamental process that helps control the number of cells in a tissue.
 * Textbook: Cooper.
 * Recent review article: Regulation of cell death.

On Wikiversity

 * Wikiversity Cell Biology Improvement Drive -- PLEASE JOIN US!!!
 * A lesson in the Fundamentals of Neuroscience course (Department of Neuroscience) covers the components of the cell.
 * Human Genetic Uniqueness Project - students search for genes that make humans different from other apes.

Elsewhere on the Web

 * Wikibooks' Cell Biology textbook, which includes links to other free online cell biology textbooks
 * Many published articles about Cell Biology can be accessed through the free PubMed system.
 * Two of the most commonly used Cell Biology textbooks, both accessible through the Bookshelf service of PubMed:
 * Molecular Biology of the Cell (Alberts et al)
 * Molecular Cell Biology (Lodish et al)

Wikipedia articles

 * Biology
 * Cell theory
 * Cell Biology
 * Cell membrane
 * Organelle
 * Signal transduction
 * Cell adhesion
 * Gene expression
 * Cell cycle

Wikipedia categories

 * Cell biology
 * Science

Participants
If you are a student in this course, please sign in so that we can try to develop a community. Hopefully, there can be group projects.

 * Lazyquasar 05:36, 29 November 2005 (UTC) Weak preparation. Interested in fundamentals. May shift abrubtly to lower level course or drop as personal activities progress.
 * Personally, I think one of the most interesting things about cells is how they make it possible for us to learn. I'd suggest that you try to identify some aspect of biology that is of particulat interest to you, all the "fundamentals" can be learned about in the context of what you find most interesting about life/behavior/biology. --JWSurf 22:51, 30 November 2005 (UTC)
 * JedOs 02:26, 9 December 2005 (UTC) I am Biology major student at college working on my Bachealors in Biology. I am hard worker yet I have areas of frustration. I'm not sure how this free course thing works, so please tell me at my talk page, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:JedOs
 * Lukner 16:15, 19 February 2006 (UTC). I am a second-career pre-med student at the University of Texas at Austin. I have a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering, and I'm taking a few classes to satisfy my pre-med requirements.  I am taking a Cell Biology course at UT, and this online course might provide some additional material to supplement the course I'm already taking.
 * What biology/medicine topics are you interested in? --JWSurf 04:13, 17 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Srinivas 06:13, 7 April 2006 (UTC) I am interested in learning molecular cell biology. I have post graduate degree in computer science and mathematics. I am using my long term cancer treatment (vacation!) time in learning new subjects. Thank you for maintaining this free course. I have high school knowledge of biology. Hopefully as I progress, I will find out which fundamental concepts I need to refresh in order to catch up with the course.
 * PJC 12:54, 10 May 2006 (UTC) I'm a third year Biochemistry student at the University of Nottingham (UK). I'm interested in how cells participate to form the brain (as mentioned above), particularly the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UBS). I'm also interested in the regulation of transcription by the SRE-SRF-TCF complex; and the cellular basis of cancer.

(note: all of the above were added when this page existed at Wikibooks)

 * Davichito 00:26, 27 September 2008 (UTC). I am a self-taught computer programmer who is very interested in biology and has read some chapters of Curtis' biology book. I hope to understand biology because I think life is the great mystery in the universe; also the most complex one.
 * User:JWSchmidt - See: Cell Biology/JWSchmidt for my thoughts about cell biology and learning.
 * Steven Fruitsmaak
 * Soft.tofu 14:26, 5 October 2006 (UTC) I am a BSEE doing IT work for scientific product distributor. I hope to understand medicine a little more. Starting from scratch, I guess, with basic biology background. My wife is dying from metastatic gastric cancer, signet ring cell. If nothing else, this is a response to her oncologist saying "Read some medical books."
 * Joshoisasleep 00:00, 4 November 2006 (UTC) I have a personal interest and would like to learn more before going on to brick and mortar study...
 * AFriedman 07:10, 18 December 2008 (UTC) I perform research on Wikiversity (see my Userpage for details) and stumbled upon this page while trying to add materials to a course I'm developing in neuroscience. Neuroscience is a field that also needs content development, perhaps even more desperately.
 * ObubbledO 01:30pm, 25 February 2009

title: Cell biology


text:
Rubén Juste

Rubén Juste de Ancos (Toledo, 1985) is a Spanish sociologist, researcher and political consultant.

Biography
Rubén Juste is a graduate and doctor in Sociology by the Complutense University of Madrid. His doctoral thesis focused on the revolving doors in the IBEX 35.

Due to the Spanish economic crisis, he emigrated to Australia having different occupations. Later, he moved to Latin America, settling first in Paraguay, where he worked in the Universidad Católica "Nuestra Señora de la Asunción" and as a political consultant for the Guasú Front during the term of Fernando Lugo until his dismissal as president. Later he also was an advisor for Avanza País. He left Paraguay to move to Ecuador, working in the Simón Bolívar Andean University.

Since 2016 he has contributed to CTXT newspaper with diverse analysis of historical and current economic policy. In 2017 he became a political advisor to the group Unidos Podemos in the Congress.

Work
Juste's main research has been the close relationship between political and economic elites in Spain. He analyzes how these relationships did manage and still manage the country's politics, from the privatization processes of the large State-owned enterprises, to the loss of sovereignty when those same companies have finally become part of large foreign capitals. Much of this research, pioneer in Spain, is collected in his first book, ''IBEX 35. Una historia herética del poder en España (IBEX 35. A heretical history of power in Spain'').

Books

 * IBEX 35. Una historia herética del poder en España (2017).
 * La nueva clase dominante. Gestores, inversores y tecnólogos. Una historia del poder desde Colón y el Consejo de Indias hasta BlackRock y Amazon (2020).

Featured publications

 * Hegemonía colorada y alternancia política en Paraguay: Los límites de la victoria de Horacio Cartes. Revista Novapolis. 2014.
 * Medios de comunicación, referencias nominales y poder en Paraguay. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social. 2014.
 * El pueblo en movimiento: el proceso de democratización en América Latina como transformación constante. Un análisis del caso de Ecuador. Revista electrónica de estudios latinoamericanos. 2013.
 * Redes de actores en medios de prensa. Una metodología para abordar la hegemonía en los medios de comunicación: el ejemplo de las elecciones de 2013 en Paraguay. Chasqui. Revista Latinoamericana de Comunicación. 2013.

title: Rubén Juste


text:
Eleni Antoniadou

Eleni Antoniadou (Ελένη Αντωνιάδου; born 1988) is a Greek public figure and scientist.

Early life and education
Eleni Antoniadou was born in 1988 in Thessaloniki, Greece. She studied Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics at the University of Central Greece and received a master's degree in Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine from University College London.

Career
She has been reported as being a scientist active in the fields of regenerative medicine, artificial organ bioengineering and space medicine. Antoniadou co-founded a company called Transplants without Donors.

In 2014, she was included in the BBC's 100 Women, and in 2015 in Forbes 30 amazing women under 30.

In 2016 she served as president of the 2nd regular annual convention of the European Health Parliament, which describes itself as a multidisciplinary movement to suggest solutions for health to the European Union policymakers.

Toy maker Mattel produced a special edition Barbie doll with Antoniadou's image as part of their 60th anniversary Role Models series. The replica was the first time a Barbie doll portrayed a woman from Greece.

Criticism
After a commendation by the Minister of Education Niki Kerameus in 2019, scientists raised concerns that Greek media may not have verified her academic credentials and that she may have misrepresented her achievements. Greek Wikipedia later modified its article on Antoniadou after the misrepresentations were revealed, and Greek think tank Dianeosis (διαΝΕΟσις) removed her from their advisory committee.

According to the website 'Ellinika Hoaxes', the claim that she is "the scientist who made the world's first artificial trachea from stem cells that were successfully transplanted into a patient" is untrue, as the recipient passed away just 18 months after the operation, while the surgeon who performed it, Paolo Macchiarini, was heavily criticized for wrong medical practices and fired from the Karolinska Institute where he worked. Antoniadou's name was absent from the scientific publication concerning both the construction of the trachea and the operation. A few months after the death of the patient, Antoniadou appeared in interviews and incorrectly stated that the patient survived. The publication in the Journal of Biomedical Materials Research is now retracted.

Despite the relevant reports and her resume, Antoniadou did not work directly for NASA nor did she participate in astronaut training, as reported in an interview, but instead participated in a short-lived space clothing experiment. The claim that she received the NASA-ESA Outstanding Researcher Award in 2012 is not confirmed. According to NASA Johns Hopkins University space scientist Stamatis Krimizis, NASA and ESA have only separate awards. It also does not have a name on NASA's list of recipient awards until 2012.

A BBC publication heavily criticised Greek media and their role, which, while conducting several interviews with Antoniadou, did not verify or factcheck whether what was attributed to her was correct. The BBC itself had earlier included her in the 100 Women of 2014. The European People's Party included her in a Twitter post as one of the 11 most important Greeks of the twentieth century.

authors: Κυπρομέδουσα

title: Eleni Antoniadou


text:
Crazy Awesome Teachers

Crazy Awesome Teachers (Guru-Guru Gokil) is a 2020 Indonesian comedy drama film directed by Sammaria Simanjuntak, written by Rahabi Mandra, produced by Dian Sastrowardoyo and Tanya Yuson and starring Gading Marten, Boris Bokir and Kevin Ardilova.

Cast

 * Gading Marten as Taat Pribadi
 * Boris Bokir as Nelson Manulang
 * Kevin Ardilova as Ipang
 * Dwiky Al Asyam as Tukang jahit
 * Ibnu Jamil as Gagah
 * Shakira Jasmine as Saulina
 * Faradina Mufti as Rahayu
 * Nikandro Mailangkay as Bimbim
 * Dian Sastrowardoyo as Nirmala
 * Arswendi Nasution as Purnama
 * Asri Welas as Indah
 * Kiki Narendra

Release
Crazy Awesome Teachers was released on August 17, 2020 on Netflix.

title: Crazy Awesome Teachers


text:
Talk:Teri Garr

Birthyear
Was Teri born in 1944 or 1949? She is listed under both dates on different sites. Hotwine8 04:15, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * If she were born in 1949, she would have only been 14 when A Swingin' Affair was released. --rogerd 04:24, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * She graduated from North Hollywood High School in 1962, as noted on the school website. (See [1] in body of article). It is apparent that she wasn't born in 1948 or 1949. T.E. Goodwin 01:17, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Since multiple websites give differing dates - and this was noted in the article, it's better to not have it at all. WP:BLPPRIVACY says it has to be well sourced - conflicting sources is not well sourced.  I've removed it.  Toddst1 (talk) 23:19, 27 July 2018 (UTC)
 * I've relegated this birth year dispute to a footnote in the article; we know Garr was born sometime in the 1940s, but the year ranges from 1944 to 1949 depending on the source. The fact that it's so contradictory among sources is troubling. Some editors have tried reverting the changes I made in regard to this, but I am going to keep an eye on it. --Drown Soda (talk) 03:06, 22 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Teri Garr's book, Speedbumps (ISBN 1-59463-007-0 or ISBN-13:<PHONE_NUMBER>071), says on p. 10 and p. 19 that she was eleven when her father died. If it's accepted that her father died in 1956 (September, per and ) and that her birthday is in December, then the year of her birth is 19<IP_ADDRESS>.7 (talk) 23:25, 25 October 2018 (UTC)
 * She's listed in the 1950 Census as 5 years old, which would correspond to late 1944.--Shivertimbers433 (talk) 23:12, 1 April 2023 (UTC)

Public records
Public records say she was born in 1947.Intelius, birth —date database and a lot websites. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Vaudeville2009 (talk • contribs) 21:29, 11 July 2010 (UTC)

Edit request from <IP_ADDRESS>, 30 July 2010
She was born 1949 not 1944.

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:32, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. IMDB states that she was born on 1947. Stickee (talk)  13:16, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

Year of birth
According to this source, her real name is Theresa Ann Garr and she was born in 1944. Quis separabit? 04:12, 6 September 2017 (UTC)

1968-1983
Corrected grammar in the last sentence.--Daveler16 (talk) 06:32, 27 May 2019 (UTC)

Dialogue before Head
Garr and others claim that "Head" was the first movie where she had dialogue. However, in the 1967 movie "The Cool Ones" she also had a line during the scene where she and the other "Whiz-Bam" dancers threatened the producers of the Hullabaloo-type TV show for firing Debbie Watson's character. She can be seen with her arm around the shoulder of a shorter male dancer saying "Well, I thought it was great." She wasn't credited, but neither were many of the other "Whiz-Bam Dancers." -User:DanTD (talk) 13:42, 4 March 2020 (UTC)

retirement claim
We cannot find any source from 2011 reporting she retired then. All we have is a 2019 source claiming she retired in 2019. I've tweaked our statement to reflect this distinction. Also, this belongs in the Retirement section. CapnZapp (talk) 20:26, 23 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Teri Garr


text:
Senator Guthrie

Senator Guthrie may refer to:

 * Brett Guthrie (born 1964), Kentucky State Senate
 * James Guthrie (Kentucky politician) (1792–1869), Kentucky State Senate

title: Senator Guthrie


text:
User:CaraLouiseN/TWA/Earth/2

Shape and structure

Tectonic plates

Surface

Atmosphere

Weather, climate, and water cycle

Orbit and rotation

title: User:CaraLouiseN/TWA/Earth/2


text:
Starobelokurikha

Starobelokurikha (Старобелокуриха) is a rural locality (a selo) in Starobelokurikhinsky Selsoviet, Altaysky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 1,517 as of 2013. There are 18 streets.

Geography
Starobelokurikha is located 34 km northwest of Altayskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Belokurikha is the nearest rural locality.

title: Starobelokurikha