text:
Portal talk:Fine Arts

Inclusion of other Textile Arts?
Surface Design, maybe... or perhaps these should go in Visual Arts as it is sometimes a little more scholarly. There is more to it than Yarn Works and Weaving. Dyeing, printing, and other techniques are part of the Textile Arts. They could also go under sculpture sometimes, but there should be a place for them in Visual Arts along with Painting, Drawing, Ceramics, as well as Printmaking/Book Arts and such. Maybe you should have Textile/Fabric Arts as a section rather than just naming two of them.

Division of Art Crafts?
I wonder about the name Division of Art Crafts. I would like to suggest a rename: perhaps 'Division of Arts and Crafts' (but that's a bit too Morris-esque maybe) or 'Division of Craft Arts'. Does anyone else think the current name sounds almost ungrammatical? (Sam 01:34, 12 September 2006 (UTC))

 * I agree with Sam that "Craft Arts" sounds much better than "Art Crafts."

 * I've changed it, and will come and add some content there soon. —Sam 01:23, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

Portal?
A portal cannot be a subdivision of a school. Schools are subdivisions of the portals. So, please decide, is this a school within Portal:Humanities, or a portal of its own, with its own schools? --George D. Bozovic talk 12:04, 17 September 2006 (UTC)
 * There can be Wikiversity portal pages for many purposes. A subject area such as "Fine Arts" can certainly have its own portal. If "Fine Arts" is a division of the School of Art and Design then the page named Topic:Fine Arts should be changed from a redirect page to a page that starts with . Wikiversity portals should quickly connect browsers of Wikiversity to learning resources. "Topic:" pages are special Wikiversity projects for the development of Wikiversity content. --JWSchmidt 16:40, 17 September 2006 (UTC)
 * This is very confusing. As I understood naming conventions policy, there are only several portals (Portal: namespace), and they contain schools (School: namespace), which then contain topics (Topic: namespace) and lessons (Main namespace). I don't know... I am obviously not smart enough. This is way too complicated. :) Are you saying that there should exist Topic:Fine Arts within School of Arts and Design, and not Portal:Fine Arts? Or that Portals are generally allowed for more purposes than I thought, and that this is fine? --George D. Bozovic talk 17:14, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

"This is way too complicated" <-- The system is not complex. It is a little different from the system at Wikipedia."As I understood naming conventions policy" <-- I think two key things to pay attention to are The flexibility of Portal s and Namespaces. "there are only several portals" <-- This is true, but it does not mean that the existing major portals are meant to be the only Wikiversity portals. Any Wikiversity category of learning resources can have an associated portal. "there are only several portals ... they contain schools" <-- The major Wikiversity portals can point to the Wikiversity schools for a broad subject area. Eventually, portals should quickly quide Wikiversity browsers to learning resources in the main namespace. Right now, Wikiversity has almost no real content, so the major portals mainly point to pages in the "School:" and "Topic:" namespaces. These school and topic pages are "meta pages", pages for organizing the activity of Wikiversity editors who are trying to create learning resources. For people who are familiar with Wikipedia, I suggest that you think of "School:" and "Topic:" pages as Wikiversity content development projects like the Wikipedia "WikiProjects".--JWSchmidt 01:27, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

PORTALS then SCHOOLS then DEPARTMENTS then LESSONS

 * Definition of Portal
 * I believe that I agree with George D. Bozovic. A portal is the main access point.

 * Currently, Fine Arts is defined as a PORTAL (Portal:Fine Arts) on the Wikiversity main page. That's OK by me!!!

 * Organization for Institute of Film and Television

 * Then, I think under Portals should be Schools (Namely, SCHOOL: Institute of Film and Television). And under Schools should be Departments or (Topics then Departments).  And under Departments should be Lessons which are grouped in Courses (or Streams).

 * Therefore, I believe that the use of "TOPIC" is incorrect on this page. Example:  The Institute of Film and Television (Film and Television) should NOT be a TOPIC (as it currently is) but rather, it should be a SCHOOL.  (Topic or Departments should be used for the items under Film and Television.)

I am trying to organize the Film and Television pages so it would be nice to decide this soon. Robert Elliott 03:03, 26 September 2006 (UTC) .
 * We are trying to use the term "school" in the way that the Wikiversity community started using it on this Wikibooks page. Nobody is saying that every area of study that should be called a school was on the list of schools at Wikibooks or is already on the current list. However, we are trying to avoid having schools inside of other schools. If "Fine Arts" is going to be a Division of The School of Art and Design then we should not create additional schools within the Division of Fine Arts (see Naming conventions). Film and Television can be sub-division of Division of Fine Arts. --JWSchmidt 04:04, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

 * As I understood (I think I did :)), portals do contain schools, but also some learning topics and projects can have their portals, which then do not contain schools, but are just a helpful place for better organization. The difference is also in category - Category:Portal vs. Category:Wikiversity portals, the latter being a sort of a "faculty" or "institute", etc. which connects several related schools, and the first one being just a portal as it is on Wikipedia. So, in this case these subdivisions schould be in Topic: namespace, not School: namespace, since they all are part of the School of Art and Design, which is a part of the Faculty for Humanities. The Fine Arts portal is just a common portal, like in Wikipedia. :) Am I right? --George D. Bozovic talk 15:21, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, there are different "types" of portals. Wikiversity has a short list of major portals. The idea is to have a small group of major portals that can be used in a small space on the main page and under the heading "Major portals" on the browse page. There can be many other portals that are not "major portals". Every Wikiversity category can have a portal that serves to provide user-friendly access to the contents of that category. I'm not sure it is useful to say that "portals contain schools". Some portals correspond to Wikiversity categories that contain schools. For example, the Life Sciences Portal is for helping Wikiversity browsers find content in the Life Sciences category (including its sub-categories). --JWSchmidt 16:55, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Tree Structure -- How Did I Get Here? And Where am I going?
Please confirm the tree structure for Wikiversity from Main Page to my Lessons.

 * LEVEL 1: The main page for Main Page
 * LEVEL 2: Faculty for Humanities which is coded as a PORTAL and shows up on the list of Major Portals.  I could have skipped this by going directly to Fine Arts which is also a PORTAL on this Main Page and listed on the same line.
 * LEVEL 3: The School of Art and Design which is coded as a SCHOOL and listed at Wikiversity Schools which is the current list of major Wikiversity schools. Note: Art and Design is also a PORTAL listed in the Category:Portal - category containing other Wikiversity portals.
 * LEVEL 4: The Division of Fine Arts which is actually coded as a PORTAL, not a DIVISION. By looking at the code, you will see that Fine Arts is coded as "Portal:Fine Arts|The Division of Fine Arts". Fine Art Portal does not appear in Major Portals but appears in Category:Portal.  (Note:  I cannot find a list of DIVISIONS.  Divisions does not work.)  Fine Arts is listed as a topic at http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AAllpages&from=&namespace=104

To get to my Filmmaking lessons from this page, I go to:

 * LEVEL 5: The Division of Institute of Film and Television which is coded as a TOPIC.  TOPICS can only be listed by going to http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AAllpages&from=&namespace=104 rather than Topics or Wikiversity Topics which do not work.
 * LEVEL 6: The Subdivision of Narrative film production which is coded currently as a TOPIC.
 * LEVEL 7: My first lesson which is  WikiU Film School - Lesson #001: Formatting the Script which I coded as a LESSON which is part of a course on which is called  WikiU Film School: Course #1 - Learning the Basics of Filmmaking and is coded as a PROJECT.   (Note:  I cannot find a list of LESSONS.  Lessons does not work.))

If this is not correct, please tell me how to correct it. Robert Elliott 27 September 2006 (UTC)

"Level 4" (above). Pages in the "School:" and "Topic:" namespaces function as Wikivewrsity content creation/improvement projects, similar to the Wikipedia "Wikiprojects". The page named Topic:Fine Arts should be changed from a redirect page to a page that is started with .LEVEL 5, the Institute of Film and Television is a sub-division.LEVEL 6. Narrative film production is a department.As for the "pages that do not work", you are free to create new pages. Some people find it useful to create lists. We could have a list of every lesson at Wikiversity. One way to do this would be to make Category:Lessons and put every lesson in that category. --JWSchmidt 21:29, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

The change of Portal:Fine Arts to Topic:Fine Arts is beyond my current capability. Robert Elliott 03:15, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

I would not change the portal page. Portals are to help quickly guide Wikiversity readers to educational content. "School:" and "Topic:" pages are for Wikiversity editors who are creating new Wikiversity content. There can be both Portal:Fine Arts to Topic:Fine Arts. --JWSchmidt 03:34, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Self Cataloging Items
 * Sorry for not being clear. When I say that Lessons does not work, I am refering to features in other Wikis which will AUTOMATICALLY tabulate this for you and ALWAYS keep it current. It is a feature of the software.  Best of all, this automatic feature works for any new items you want to keep track of.  It is a wonderful software feature and would be very useful here. Robert Elliott 22:05, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

If I understand this correctly, my first lesson is now at:

 * Current Location
 * LEVEL 1: Wikiversity - English
 * LEVEL 2: Faculty for Humanities
 * LEVEL 3: The School of Art and Design
 * LEVEL 4: The Division of Fine Arts
 * LEVEL 5: The Subdivision of Film and Television
 * LEVEL 6: The Department of Narrative Film Production
 * LEVEL 7: WikiU Film School:  Course #1 - Learning the Basics of Filmmaking
 * LEVEL 8: This lesson which is Lesson #001:  Formatting the Script

Let me know if I have made any errors! Robert Elliott 03:15, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

The page Basic Filmmaking should not be in the "Wikiversity" namespace. You should move it to the main namespace; Basic Filmmaking should work. --JWSchmidt 03:43, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Ops!
 * Sorry, my mistake. I will move it today. (Note: I am still not familiar with the procedure for deleting a page which was established on the wrong place.)

 * Namespaces
 * However, this points out a problem. Putting pages in the MAIN namespace will eventually cause problems.  By using the main namespace, all structure breaks down and eventually no one can find anything.

 * I believe strongly that EVERYTHING should be in a hierarchy. That is, all pages should be established as   [[Namespace:Basic_Filmmaking ]] and never just   [[Basic_Filmmaking ]]  When pages have an actual namespace (not just main) then people can use the structure of Wikiversity to search for a subject (once this features is fully working.)

 * Unless anyone has an objection, I will use the page address of [[Courses:Basic_Filmmaking ]].  I prefer to use COURSES rather than PROJECTS but apparently PROJECTS is the accepted namespace in Wikiversity for courses.  (I feel that clear namespaces should be used.  I do not think that PROJECTS clearly means COURSES.) Robert Elliott 28 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Correction
 * I see that someone has already moved the offending page to   [[Topic:Basic_Filmmaking ]] and established a REDIRECT to this new location.  Therefore, I will not move the page to  [[Courses:Basic_Filmmaking ]] today.  However, I would prefer to do this someday since I do believe that COURSE is much clearer than TOPIC for the namespace of Courses. Robert Elliott 28 September 2006.

 * More about Namespaces (Suggestion for PAGES OF LESSONS)
 * Each LESSON has many pages. Currently, I do not use a namespace for each of these pages.  Any suggestions for a namespace for each of the pages of a lesson? (PAGES is obviously not a clear namespace.) Robert Elliott 28 September 2006.

 * Move complete!
 * I have removed all references to the offending (now old and useless) page of [[Wikiversity:Basic Filmmaking ]].  The page  Basic Filmmaking  can be removed.  (When it is removed, the reference in this paragraph should turn  RED if everything is working perfectly.) Robert Elliott 20:46, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

No Course or Lesson Namespaces
As I believe, there is no Course: or Courses: namespace. And I have also noticed Lesson:Formatting_the_script - there is no Lesson: namespace either. What I'm not clear with is what to do with such lessons whose titles are the same, but those are different lessons from the different schools. There are some topics which are shared by several sciences, and then a confusion may appear. --George D. Bozovic talk 16:18, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

---

 * Dear George,
 * In a perfect world, each pages name would not just be the immediate namespace but all the namespaces to that point (the page's hierarchy.) Therefore each page would be unique and easily identifiable even if the current page has the identical name as another page.

 * The problem is the designers of Wikiversity are taking short cuts and this is NOT good. This sloppy design will come back to haunt us... exactly in the cases that you point out.  Robert Elliott 22:43, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

To which division belongs Calligraphy?
Visual arts?--Hillgentleman 05:04, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Fine Arts


text:
Category:People from Stone Harbor, New Jersey

The people listed below were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Stone Harbor, New Jersey.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Institutional ethnography

Summary
Institutional ethnography is a research method that emphasizes the study of the social organization of everyday life. This project involves extensive observation of social settings and writing about experiences and events in such.

Institutional ethnography was developed by the Canadian Sociologist Dorothy Smith. This project is based on Smith's writings and Mapping Social Relations by Campbell and Gregor.

Prerequisites

 * Completing an introductory course in Sociology or Anthropology is recommended.
 * Completing the learning project Introduction to ethnography is recommended.
 * Close reading of the WRN Privacy Policy and Wikiversity research ethics pages is required before or early on in the course.
 * If you intend to do social research, reviewing one of these free online courses is recommended:
 * Research Ethics Training Curriculum prepared by Family Health International (FHI).
 * National Cancer Institute Human Subjects Research Tutorial.

Goals
This learning project offers learnings activities to explore the practice of institutional ethnography. After doing these activities, the learner should have started to develop the ability to:
 * take field notes
 * identify ones social location in relation to various social contexts
 * analyze problems that arise in everyday life
 * analyze social groups and processes sociologically
 * organize an ethnography research project

Concepts to learn include: /concepts

Activities

 * Activity 1. Observe how collaborations develop at Wikiversity. Create some wiki pages that promote collaborative learning.
 * Activity 2.
 * etc.

Readings
Each activity has a suggested associated background reading selection.
 * Reading 1.
 * ect.

title: Institutional ethnography


text:
Irene Richards

Irene Richards (née O'Neill, born 1939 ) is a New Zealand painter from Hokitika. Two of her works are in the permanent collection of Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki.

Biography
Richards completed a diploma in fine arts in painting from the University of Canterbury in 1963. Her works involve nature and her Christian faith.

title: Irene Richards


text:
dates of birth

Usage notes

 * For an explanation of the subtle distinction between the plural forms “dates of birth” and “dates of births”, see the usage note at the entry for “date of birth”.

title: dates of birth


text:
Mikiko Hagiwara

Mikiko Hagiwara (萩原 美樹子) is a Japanese former professional basketball player. She won a silver medal with the Japan women's national basketball team at the 1994 Asian Games. Hagiwara also competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics, where Japan's team came in seventh place. Hagiwara would also play in the WNBA for one year from June 1997 to July 1998.

Hagiwara was drafted by the Sacramento Monarchs with the 14th pick in the WNBA Elite Draft. Her WNBA debut took place on June 21, 1997 in a 73 - 61 win over the Utah Starzz where she recorded 3 points in 16 minutes of playing time. She was traded to the Phoenix Mercury on July 31, 1997 and played 12 games for them, averaging 2.8 points and 1.2 rebounds. She remained with the Mercury partially for the 1998 season, playing 10 games for them between June 26 - July 20, 1998 but played significantly fewer minutes (5.9 minutes per game) and averaged 2.2 points.

Hagiwara was waived by the Mercury on July 31, 1998 (exactly one year after being traded to the team) and would never play in the WNBA afterwards. Her final WNBA game was played on July 20, 1998 in a 88 - 67 win over her former team, the Sacramento Monarchs. Hagiwara recorded two points and no other stats in her final game.

WNBA
Source

Regular season

 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * style="text-align:left;"|Sacramento
 * 14 || 2 || 12.4 || .319 || .273 || .667 || .6 || .7 || .1 || .1 || .6 || 3.1
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * style="text-align:left;"|Phoenix || 12 || 5 || 15.5 || .256 || .286 || .500 || 1.2 || .8 || .2 || .0 || .6 || 2.8
 * style="text-align:left;"|
 * style="text-align:left;"|Phoenix || 10 || 0 || 5.9 || .381 || .333 || .667 || .2 || .3 || .0 || .0 || .5 || 2.2
 * style="text-align:left;"| Career || 2 years, 2 teams
 * 36 || 7 || 11.6 || .308 || .288 || .579 || .7 || .6 || .1 || .1 || .6 || 2.7
 * }
 * style="text-align:left;"| Career || 2 years, 2 teams
 * 36 || 7 || 11.6 || .308 || .288 || .579 || .7 || .6 || .1 || .1 || .6 || 2.7
 * }
 * }

Playoffs

 * style="text-align:left;"|1997
 * style="text-align:left;"|Phoenix || 1 || 0 || 11.0 || .500 || .000 || – || .0 || .0 || .0 || 1.0 || 3.0 || 2.0
 * }
 * }

title: Mikiko Hagiwara


text:
Digital terrestrial television in the Republic of Ireland

The deployment of digital terrestrial television in Ireland has taken some time, with the first small tests being carried out in 1998. 2002 saw the cancellation and non-award of the DTT commercial licence and transmission network sale. In August 2006, a major regional DTT trial began in conjunction with major television channels in Ireland including Raidió Teilifís Éireann, TV3, TG4 and the now-defunct Channel 6. By 2008 the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland announced that three groups had come together with proposals to manage commercial DTT in Ireland.

Historical testing
DVB-T was repeatedly tested from RTÉ Network Limited's Three Rock Mountain transmitter, with relatively long tests in 1998 and 2001, and shorter tests in 2004, with a single multiplex carrying the four Irish analogue terrestrial channels, and Tara Television while it was in existence, on both UHF (channel 26) and VHF (channel D). These were under temporary licences for testing, which are regularly awarded.

A contract to run a nationwide system, with six multiplexes from main sites and four from relay sites, was awarded in 2001 to ITS Digital Limited, trading as "It's TV" and led by former RTÉ executive Peter Branagan, who intended to launch a pay TV and broadband service. ITS wanted to offer broadband internet access using the DVB-RCT standard (which, while providing 30 Mbit/s, did not provide sufficient reverse link capacity for 20,000 people on one mast). ITS did not have a broadband licence and no viable business plan without selling broadband, and due to lack of funding withdrew its application in October 2002.

The government also planned to privatise RTÉ's transmission network at this time but this too failed in October 2002 following the withdrawal of ITS Digital Limited DTT licence application and a number of other factors.

National digital terrestrial plan
Ireland currently uses the DVB-T standard with MPEG-4 compression. MHEG-5 is also used for epg and interactive services. The Broadcasting (Amendment) Act 2007 assigned one multiplex to RTÉ to ensure the continued availability of the four former free-to-air services in Ireland – that is, RTÉ 1, RTÉ 2, TG4 and TV3. RTÉ then established and now runs this DTT multiplex independently of BAI-licensed multiplexes in fulfilment of its public-service obligations. Under the 2007 Act, the BAI is required to license commercial DTT in the State. In the first instance, the BAI sought to license three DTT multiplex operators for the establishment, maintenance and roll-out of commercial DTT in Ireland. Afterwards one further multiplex was assigned to RTÉ and one multiplex to the BAI for licensing. A public DTT Information Campaign took place from March 2009 until the full digital switchover was completed on 24 October 2012.

2008 multiplex licensing
The Authority engaged in two phases of targeted consultation to assist in the development of its DTT Multiplex Licensing Policy. These consultations ran from May to December 2007 and involved the production of a comprehensive consultation document outlining policy proposals in relation to DTT licensing and the commissioning of independent research on DTT. The BAI launched the commercial multiplex processes with a minimum of twenty-four channels specified. Interested parties submitted their applications as specified in ads in National Papers on Friday 7 March 2008.

The BAI's application process for the DTT multiplex contracts ran for a period of eight weeks. The application document sought a considerable amount of information including: proposals for programming; financial and business plan; the transmission/multiplexing proposals as well as details regarding the shareholding and management of the applicant group.

Nine applicants consisting of 3 bid consortiums for all 3 muxes made presentations to the Authority, which was open to the public at 1:30pm in the Westbury Hotel, Grafton Street, Dublin 2 on 12 May 2008 and the award of contract was offered to the most suitable bid team shortly after 21 July 2008 following evaluation by the BAI on the applications received.

The BAI on 21 July 2008 announced Boxer DTT Ltd trading as Boxer as the sole winner to operate the three commercial multiplexes. Boxer DTT Ltd was a consortium made up of Communicorp, Boxer TV Access in Sweden and BT Ireland. The award of the contracts was subject to clarifications and the successful outcome of contract negotiations.

In the 2008 perspective Boxer DTT Ireland proposed a tentative start date of January 2009, which was considered unrealistic. Standards chosen were MPEG4/H.264 and DVB-T. Boxer TV Access had a 50% holding in Boxer Ireland.

In April 2009 it was announced that Boxer had decided to decline the licence offered to the consortium. The BAI instead offered the licence to the runner up, Onevision.

At the end of April 2010 the negotiations with Onevision ended. In May 2010 the Contract was offered to Easy TV (the RTÉ / Liberty Global consortium. A DTT Information Campaign was announced by the Department of Communications, Energy & Natural Resources, to launch in March 2009 ahead of the September 2009 launch of Irish DTT. By October 2010, the information campaign had been launched in coincidence with Saorview launching its public testing phase. The Information Campaign was undertaken by the BAI, with support of the Department.

By of 30 October 2010 FTA DTT, known as Saorview, had launched following a direction from the Minister for Communications, Energy & Natural Resources, to RTÉ and signing of the RTÉ (National Television Multiplex) Order 2010 (S.I. No. 85 of 2010) on 26 February 2010. The rollout of FTA Saorview DTT then proceeded, but the commercial DTT competition was deferred indefinitely.

Easy TV considered its position on the licence offer which it was offered on 29 April 2010. The Easy TV consortium informed the BAI on 12 May 2010 that it was declining their offer to pursue negotiations regarding the Commercial DTT Multiplex Licence. RTÉ publicly confirmed on 14 May 2010 that Easy TV was "declining their offer to pursue negotiations" on the DTT contract. The BAI officially confirmed Easy TV's withdrawal and the conclusion of the current DTT licensing process on 18 May 2010. On 1 July 2010 RTÉ announced that Mary Curtis, RTÉ's then deputy head of TV programming, would take on the role of Director of Digital Switchover (DSO).

Commercial DTT Licence Process Suspended
In August 2013 a report into Commercial DTT by Oliver & Ohlbaum was given to the BAI, the report outlined the main problems associated with DTT in Ireland including the lack of free-to-air services on Saorview. Based on this report the BAI have decided not to proceed with a licence competition for pay-DTT. The report was published on the BAI website in January 2014. On its publication Bob Collins, Chairperson of the BAI said “The contents of the report raise a number of policy implications for consideration by Government and also for the BAI, having regard to its statutory obligations and its enduring objectives in respect of diversity and plurality. In submitting copies of the review to the Minister for Communications, Energy and Natural Resources, the BAI would now welcome the opportunity to discuss the findings of the report and the policy implications arising at an early date.”

Television

 * 9, 10, 13–16, 18–20, 24–28, 30–199: Numbers not currently used. In some areas the relevant UK Freeview services may appear here.
 * 200-209: radio services
 * 901 Upwards: reserved for legacy analogue tuners (where applicable)

Channels with no LCN are test services which are not visible on most receivers. There are also a large number of blank audio and data channels (again invisible on most receivers) which are presumably reserved for future services.

Radio

 * 209, 211 - 999: blank


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/South-Central Eurasia

The result of the debate was delete. Shanel 02:16, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

South-Central Eurasia
A term "increasingly being used" despite that it receives 105 Google hits. I would say non-notable, and possibly original research because the user who created this is probably affiliated with the website South-Central Eurasia News. (Check his/her contributions) --Khoikhoi 02:34, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable term, likely original research -- T B C [[Image:Confused-tpvgames.gif|18px|]] ???  ???   ??? 02:52, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * delete not notable. Niffweed17, Destroyer of Chickens 03:03, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable, linkspam --Matt 04:28, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as nn.Blnguyen | Have your say!!! 04:39, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom, nn. ¡Dustimagic!  ( T / C ) 04:53, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. Lankiveil 11:16, 20 March 2006 (UTC).
 * Delete, probably original research. Either way, non-notable. Jud e (talk,contribs,email) 11:58, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as another house neologism for part of the Middle East. ProhibitOnions 13:01, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * 'Delete, nn. --Ter e nce Ong 13:15, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete protologism Just zis Guy you know? 18:32, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as per above. -- Cr  na  t e c   Go  ra  02:30, 23 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
colorectal

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or pertaining to the colorectum

Translations

 * Catalan: colorectal
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: paksu- ja peräsuolen, kolorektaalinen
 * French:
 * Irish: colaireicteach
 * Italian: colorettale
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: colorretal
 * Spanish: colorrectal

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

title: colorectal


text:
User:RhoLands

The use case I'm thinking of is, you're at a public terminal, not logged in, and you're reading a Wikipedia article when you see a red link. To see the deletion log, you would have to copy and paste the text into Special:Logs/delete, being mindful of any link piping that would affect the title, rather than just clicking the red link.

title: User:RhoLands


text:
User:McDerri/sandbox

LINKS
Meetup/NYC/Black Life Matters Editathon Training/For students

HARLEM BOOK FAIR
The Harlem Book Fair is the nation's flagship large-scale multi-cultural public literary event. Founded in 1998 by publisher and editor-in-chief of the QBR: The Black Book Review Max Rodriguez, the free festival welcomes publishers, independent authors, vendors and artists. Each year, the Fair is held on 135th Street between 5th Avenue and Adam Clayton Powell Boulevard in Harlem, NY. C-Span Book TV, Columbia University, the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, and the New York Public Library are annual supporters of the fair.

Max Rodriguez
Max Rodriguez is the Editor-In-Chief of QBR: The Black Book Review, which he started in 1998 as a way to heighten visibility and mass awareness for "authors of African descent." A year later, Rodriguez launched the Harlem Book Fair as an extension of QBR, providing a live forum to showcase a diverse array of authors.

Festival Growth
The Harlem Book Fair was originally a one-day festival but was later expanded into a three-day festival. The fair has also expanded beyond its Harlem, NY origins and fairs have now been held in Buffalo, NY and Newark, NJ.

Wheatley Book Awards
Named after the first female African-American published author, Phyllis Wheatley, the Harlem Book Fair's Wheatley Book Awards are given for literature that "transcends culture, boundary and perceptions" and honors the best African-American writing in the categories of Fiction, Non-Fiction, Poetry and Children's writing.

2013 Winners

 * First Fiction: Antebellum by R. K. Thomas
 * Fiction: Love in a Carry-on Bag by Sadeqa Johnson
 * Nonfiction/Biography & Memoir: Gather at the Table by Sharon Leslie Morgan and Thomas Morgan DeWolf
 * Nonfiction/History & Politics: Guest of Honor: Booker T. Washington, Theodore Roosevelt, and the White House Dinner That Shocked a Nation by Deborah Davis
 * Poetry: Shoulda Been Jimi Savannah by Patricia Smith
 * Young Adult Readers: The Diary of BB Bright: Possible Princess by Alice Randall and Caroline Randall Williams, Illustrated by Shadra Strickland
 * Young Readers: Tea Cakes for Tosh by Kelly Starling Lyons, Illustrated by E. B. Lewis

title: User:McDerri/sandbox


text:
Jeffery Kissoon

Jeffery Kissoon (born 4 September 1947) is an actor with credits in British theatre, television, film and radio. He has performed with the Royal Shakespeare Company at venues such as the Royal National Theatre, under directors including Peter Brook, Peter Hall, Robert Lepage, Janet Suzman, Calixto Bieito and Nicholas Hytner. He has acted in genres from Shakespeare and modern theatre to television drama and science fiction, playing a range of both leading and supporting roles, from Mark Antony in Antony and Cleopatra and Prospero and Caliban in The Tempest, to Malcolm X in The Meeting and Mr Kennedy in the children's TV series Grange Hill.

A regular director of theatre, Kissoon is a member of the board of directors of the Shared Experience company and the Warehouse Theatre in Croydon, London. He has tutored younger actors, writers and directors, and values the rehearsal process. He played the lead role in the Mark Norfolk film Ham and the Piper (2012), and also directed Norfolk's theatre productions Knock Down Ginger, staged in 2003, Naked Soldiers, 2010 and Where the Flowers Grow, 2011, at the Warehouse Theatre. He reprised his role as Antony in Suzman's production of Antony and Cleopatra, appearing opposite Kim Cattrall as Cleopatra, at the Liverpool Playhouse in 2010.

Early life and career
Born in Trinidad and Tobago, Kissoon, of Dougla heritage, emigrated to London with his parents at an early age. While attending the Christopher Wren School in Shepherd's Bush, he joined the student drama group. In 1970, under Robert Tanitch and Eric Rickman, he made his first appearance as an actor in the film Like You, Like Me, an inter-racial romance.

Although he trained as a drama teacher, Kissoon has worked as an actor since the early 1970s. In 1972, he joined the Glasgow Citizens Theatre Company and, for two years thereafter, played leading roles in a number of productions, including Christopher Marlowe's Tamburlaine The Great and Bertolt Brecht's Threepenny Opera. During this period, he worked with director Keith Hack, who cast him as Tamburlaine for the 1972 Edinburgh Festival, and as Caliban for the Royal Shakespeare Company's 1974 production of The Tempest at The Other Place in Stratford-upon-Avon. Kissoon had his first prominent television role playing Sam in Beryl's Lot for Yorkshire Television (in 1975), after which he played PC Robbins in an episode of Z-Cars and Sonny in a BBC Play for Today titled "Rocky Marciano is Dead" (both in 1976). He portrayed Dr. Ben Vincent in seven episodes of Gerry Anderson's science-fiction series Space 1999 between 1976 and 1977.

In 1985, Kissoon played Karna in Peter Brook's nine-hour stage adaptation of The Mahabharata. The three-year project opened at the Festival d'Avignon in France and completed a world tour, ultimately leading to a film adaptation running to six hours. It also resulted in a lasting professional association between Kissoon and Brook, which witnessed Kissoon play two roles in the director's production of Shakespeare's Hamlet. Kissoon is a veteran cast member of both RSC and Royal National Theatre productions, regularly collaborating with director Sir Peter Hall. In 2002, he participated in a rehearsed reading of Wrong Place at the Soho Theatre, continuing his association with playwright Mark Norfolk whose play ″Knock Down Ginger″ he later directed at the Warehouse Theatre the following year. The play starred former EastEnders actors Judith Jacob, Sylvester Williams and marked the stage debut of Troy Glasgow.

Kissoon's more recent screen and stage credits include W1A (TV series) (BBC, 2017), Star Wars: The Force Awakens, EastEnders (BBC, 2015), Julius Caesar (Royal Shakespeare Company), Ham & The Piper (Mark Norfolk, 2013) Dirty Pretty Things (Stephen Frears, 2002), Crossing Bridges (Mark Norfolk, 2006), Holby City (BBC, 2006), Casualty (BBC, 2008), War and Peace (Hampstead Theatre, 2008), Amazonia (Old Vic, 2009) and The Meeting (Warehouse Theatre, 2009). He played the lead role in Norfolk's film Ham and the Piper (2013), for which he won the Best Lead Actor Award at the 2012 Peloponnesian International Film Festival, after having directed Ewart James Walters, Elisabeth Dahl and Adam Sopp in Norfolk's play Naked Soldiers at the Warehouse Theatre the previous year. He later won a Best Actor at the Eko International Film Festival, Nigeria for his performance in Ham & The Piper. In 2011, Kissoon directed Norfolk's Where the Flowers Grow, again at the Warehouse Theatre. Kissoon reprised his Mark Antony, opposite Kim Cattrall's Cleopatra, in a production of Antony and Cleopatra, directed by Janet Suzman and performed at the Liverpool Playhouse, in October 2010. This was followed by Waiting For Godot at the West Yorkshire Playhouse (co-starring Patrick Robinson) and the RSC's production of Julius Caesar (in the title role). In 2016 Kissoon featured in the Unicorn Theatre's My Father, Odysseus written by Timberlake Wertenbaker and later directed a stunning Hamlet in a contemporary adaptation by Mark Norfolk. The Egyptian-themed production for Black Theatre Live toured nationally in the UK and was noted for its narrative clarity as well as being the first all black company of Shakespeare's tragedy in Britain, including an all black creative team. Kissoon utilised the ancient African martial art form, Ka Zimba during rehearsals, employing professional drumming and movement practitioners to explore how the breath and the natural spirit combine to conjure up character. He and writer, Norfolk maintained their collaboration in 2018 with Kissoon directing Norfolk's play about the world of finance, Dare To Do (The Bear Maxim) for Ka Zimba Theatre at the Space. Rehearsals took place in Notting Hill as a way of engaging with a traumatised community after the recent Grenfell Fire tragedy and they later teamed up again, producing staged readings of edgy new plays at the Muse Gallery & Performance Space in Notting Hill, London, including plays such as The Misclarification of Sulieman Dewani and short plays Dinner With Bono by Mark Norfolk based on the short story by Jackee Butesta Batanda and Birdbath by Leonard Melfi. In 2019 he also directed Norfolk's post Windrush 3-hander What A' Fe' Yu' which performed over three nights at the Actors Centre, Tower Street, London as part of its Johnthreehaw Initiative under the theme of Motherhoods. The cast featured Linda Mathis, Benjamin Cawley and Lenox Kambaba in a narrative that explored family expectations and legacy in contemporary Britain and went on to perform at the Muse Gallery. More recently Kissoon has been appearing as Justice Wainwright on the west end in Agatha Christie's Witness For The Prosecution at County Hall, London.

Kissoon performed in the BBC Radio 4 sitcom Rudy's Rare Records (2008–12) as Rudy's friend Clifton. He also featured in Norfolk's "Broken Chain", a segment of Radio 4's The City Speaks (2008), which is credited as the first "feature film for radio" produced in collaboration with Film London and Arts Council England.

In 2001, Kissoon joined the cast of the BBC soap opera, EastEnders, in which he played a friend of Patrick Trueman (Rudolph Walker). In 2015, Kissoon returned to EastEnders, this time playing the part of Judge Anthony Abego who oversees Max Branning's (Jake Wood) murder trial. A year later, he reprised his role of the judge, this time overseeing the murder trial of the killers of Paul Coker (Jonny Labey).

Theatre

 * Vision of Youth
 * Tamburlaine The Great (as Tamburlaine), The Citizen's Company, dir. Keith Hack, 1972
 * The Threepenny Opera (as Tiger Brown), The Citizen's Company, dir. Rick Stroud, 1972
 * Marat/Sade (as Safter), The Citizen's Company, dir. Rick Stroud, 1972
 * Macbeth (as Meru), The Roundhouse, dir. Peter Coe
 * The Way of the World
 * The Sign in Sidney Brustein's Window
 * The Island
 * Streamers
 * Reflections
 * Othello, Bristol Old Vic, dir. Paul Unwin
 * Colon's
 * Macbeth, Birmingham Repertory Theatre
 * Macbeth, The Young Vic
 * Love's Labours Lost
 * The Tempest (as Caliban), RSC's The Other Place, Stratford-upon-Avon, dir. Keith Hack, 1974
 * Last Missionary
 * Kingdom of Barth
 * King Lear
 * Glorious Things
 * Measure for Measure (as Provost), dir. Keith Hack, 1974
 * City Sugar, Bush Theatre, dir. Stephen Poliakoff, 1976.
 * Barbarians: A Trilogy: Killing Time, Abide with Me, In the City, Greenwich Theatre, dir. Keith Hack, 1977.
 * The Jail Diary of Albie Sachs, The Warehouse, Royal Shakespeare Company, 1978
 * Dr Faustus, Royal Exchange, Manchester, dir. Adrian Noble, 1981
 * Marino Faliero, The Young Vic, dir. Keith Hack, 1982
 * Oroonoko, Glasgow Citizens Theatre, dir. Phillip Rowse, 1983
 * Cheapside, Croydon Warehouse Theatre, dir. Ted Craig, 1985
 * The Mahabharata (as Karna), Festival d'Avignon in France, tour and film, dir. Peter Brook, 1985–89.
 * Troilus and Cressida (as Diomedes), Barbican Centre, dir. Howard Davies, 1986
 * The Gods Are Not To Blame, Riverside Studios, dir. Yvonne Brewster, 1989
 * The Merchant of Venice (as the Prince of Morocco), Phoenix Theatre, dir. Peter Hall, 1989
 * As You Like It, Royal Shakespeare Company, dir. Trevor Nunn.
 * In the Solitude of Cotton Fields, Almeida Theatre, 1991
 * Antony and Cleopatra (as Antony), Merseyside Theatre and Bloomsbury, dir. Yvonne Brewster, 1991
 * A Taste of Honey
 * The Coup, Royal National Theatre, dir. Mustapha Matura, 1991
 * A Midsummer Night's Dream, (as Oberon) Royal National Theatre, dir. Robert Lepage, 1992
 * A Midsummer Night's Dream (as Theseus/Oberon), Chichester Festival Theatre, dir. Gail Edwards/Steven Pimlott 1992
 * Othello (as Othello), Birmingham Repertory Theatre, dir. Bill Alexander, 1993
 * Julius Caesar (as Brutus), Royal Shakespeare Company's The Other Place, video and tour, dir. David Thacker, 1993
 * The Tempest (as Prospero), Birmingham Repertory Theatre, dir. Bill Alexander, 1994
 * Oedipus the King, Royal National Theatre, dir. Peter Hall, 1996
 * The Caucasian Chalk Circle, Royal National Theatre, dir. Simon McBurney, 1997
 * Life is a Dream (as Basilio), Edinburgh and London, dir. Calixto Bieito, 1999
 * The Dove, Croydon Warehouse Theatre, dir. Jeanette Smith, 1999
 * The Free State (as Alexander), tour, dir. Janet Suzman, 2000
 * The Tragedy of Hamlet, (as Claudius and Ghost) world tour, dir. Peter Brook, 2001–02
 * The Meeting (as Malcolm X), Croydon Warehouse Theatre, dir. Malcolm Fredericks, 2002
 * Nathan the Wise, Chichester Festival Theatre, dir. Steven Pimlott, 2003
 * Resurrection Lichfield Garrick Theatre, dir. Annie Castledine 2003
 * Fix Up by Kwame Kwei-Armah (as Brother Kiyi), Royal National Theatre, dir. Angus Jackson 2004
 * Henry IV, Parts 1 and 2 (as Earl of Northumberland), Royal National Theatre, dir. Nicholas Hytner, 2005
 * Tamburlaine the Great (as Bajazeth), Bristol Old Vic and Barbican Centre, dir. David Farr, 2005
 * Orestes (as Tyndareos), Tricycle Theatre and tour, dir. Nancy Meckler, 2007
 * An African Cargo by Margaret Busby (as Equiano and Lord Mansfield), Greenwich Theatre, Black Theatre Co-operative (now NitroBeat), dir. Felix Cross, 2007
 * War and Peace (as Prince Bolkonsky), Hampstead Theatre and tour, dir. Nancy Meckler, 2008
 * Amazonia (as Don Antonio), Young Vic, dir. Paul Heritage/Joe Hill-Gibbins, 2009
 * The Meeting (as Malcolm X), Croydon Warehouse Theatre, director Jeffery Kissoon, 2009.
 * Antony and Cleopatra (as Antony), Liverpool Playhouse, dir. Janet Suzman, 2010
 * Waiting For Godot, West Yorkshire Playhouse, dir. Ian Brown, 2011
 * Julius Caesar (as Julius Caesar), Royal Shakespeare Company, dir. Greg Doran, 2012–13

Radio

 * The Ministry of Performing Arts, BBC Sound, Mustapha Matura
 * Dionysos, BBC Radio Three, 2003
 * The City Speaks: Broken Chain, BBC Radio 4, Toby Swift, 2008
 * Rudy's Rare Records (Series 1–3), BBC, Lucy Armitage, 2008
 * Tamburlaine: The Shadow of God, BBC, Marc Beeby, 2008
 * Broken Chain, Mark Norfolk, 2008
 * Gone, BBC Radio 3, debbie tucker green, 2010

Film

 * Carry on Up the Jungle (1970) - Nosher (uncredited)
 * Hamlet (1996) - Fortinbras's Captain
 * Dirty Pretty Things (2002) - Cab Controller
 * The Nativity Story (2006) - Herod's Architect
 * Crossing Bridges (2007) - Buster
 * Ham and the Piper (2013) - Burt
 * Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015) - Rear Admiral Guich

Television

 * Like You, Like Me (1970)
 * Beryl's Lot (1975) - Sam
 * "Devil to Pay"
 * "Safety First"
 * "Home Again"
 * "A Day at the Races"
 * Z-Cars (1976, Episode: "Manslaughter") - PC Robbins
 * BBC Play for Today (1976, Episode: "Rocky Marciano is Dead") - Sonny
 * Space: 1999 (1976–1977) - Dr Ben Vincent
 * Very Like a Whale (1981) - Customs Officer
 * Grange Hill (1986–1987) - Mr Kennedy
 * The Mahabharata (1990) - Karna
 * The Bill (1995) - De Silva
 * "Street Life"
 * "Uncle Bob"
 * Only Love (1998, TV Movie) - Rashid
 * Brothers and Sisters (1998) - Russel Leonard
 * The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones (1999, Episode: "Tales of Innocence") - El Hadji
 * Dalziel and Pascoe (1999, Episode: "Time to Go") - Mr Graham
 * The Tragedy of Hamlet (2002) - Claudius / Ghost
 * EastEnders (2002-2016) - Judge Anthony Abego / Milton Hibbert
 * Holby City (2002–2018)
 * "Last Chances" (2002) - Douglas Payne
 * "Bad Blood" (2006) - Trevor Heron
 * "Last Dance" (2013) - Professor JJ Kirby
 * "The Three Musketeers" (2018) - Reg Thompson
 * Doctors (2003, Episode: "A Question of Priorities") - Lewis Parnell
 * Grease Monkeys (2004, Episode: "Jail Bait") - Bertrand Baptiste
 * Agatha Christie's Marple (2006: "The Sittaford Mystery") - Ahmed Ghali
 * Kiss of Death (2008) - Commissioner
 * Casualty (2008, Episode: "Before a Fall") - Lyndon Marshall
 * Doctors (2010) - Denny

title: Jeffery Kissoon


text:
Austin Springs, Weakley County, Tennessee

Austin Springs is an unincorporated community in Weakley County, Tennessee, in the United States.

History
The community was named for the Austin brothers who started a hotel at the site of a mineral spa.


text:
Mount Chenaillet

The Mount Chenaillet (in French Mont Chenaillet or Le Chenaillet) is a 2,650 metres high mountain of the Cottian Alps, located on the Main chain of the Alps South of the Col de Montgenèvre.

Geography
Administratively the mountain belongs to the French department of Hautes-Alpes close to the French-Italian border. On its summit the Susa Valley (tributary of the river Po) meets the valleys of the Durance (tributary of the Rhone) and of the Cerveyrette, the latter tributary of the Durance. The Main chain of the Alps connects northwards the Chenaillet to the Col de Montgenèvre, while towards NE it goes with the Monte Gimont. From the Chenaillet branches out from the main ridge a secondary chain dividing the valley of the Durance from the Cerveyrette one, which continues with the Sommet des Anges and the Sommet Château Jouan. Both the Durance and the Piccola Dora (an upper branch of Dora Riparia) have their sources on the slopes of the Chenaillet.

Geology
The Chenaillet is a geological curiosity, being an ancient submarine volcano as old as 155 million years, which was uplifted to its present location during the Alpine orogeny. On the slopes of the Chenaillet are well distinguishable pillow lavas and ophiolite rocks. These features are explained on a geological foothpath reaching the summit of the mountain by some didactic panels both in French and in Italian.

History
The mountain up to the end of the II World War was on the Franco-Italian border. Due to its prominent position overlooking the Col de Montgenèvre, from Louis XIV times until the ligne Maginot, the area was heavily fortified. On 23-6-1940 an Italian offensive conquered the mountain and also in 1944 it was the theater of heavy fights between German-Italian and French-Moroccan troops; and after many decades it is still possible to find howitzer chippings on the ground. After the end of the war, following the Paris Peace Treaties signed in February 1947, the border was modified and Mount Chenaillet is now totally in France.

Access to the summit
The summit of the Chenaillet can be reached by footpath from several starting points. The way from the Col de Montgenèvre is considered quite an easy hike.

Maps

 * French official cartography (Institut géographique national - IGN); on-line version:  www.geoportail.fr

title: Mount Chenaillet


text:
Waves/Superposition

Superposition Principle
It is found empirically that as long as the amplitudes of waves in most media are small, two waves in the same physical location don't interact with each other. Thus, for example, two waves moving in the opposite direction simply pass through each other without their shapes or amplitudes being changed. When superimposed, the total wave displacement is just the sum of the displacements of the individual waves. This is called the superposition principle. At sufficiently large amplitude the superposition principle often breaks down -- interacting waves may scatter off of each other, lose amplitude, or change their form.

Interference is a consequence of the superposition principle. When two or more waves are superimposed, the net wave displacement is just the algebraic sum of the displacements of the individual waves. Since these displacements can be positive or negative, the net displacement can either be greater or less than the individual wave displacements. The former case is called constructive interference, while the latter is called destructive interference.

Figure 1.5: Superposition (lower panel) of two sine waves (shown individually in the upper panel) with equal amplitudes and wavenumbers $$k_1 = 4$$ and $$k_2 = 5$$

Let us see what happens when we superimpose two sine waves with different wavenumbers. Figure 1.5 shows the superposition of two waves with wavenumbers $$k_1 = 4$$ and $$k_2 = 5$$. Notice that the result is a wave with about the same wavelength as the two initial waves, but which varies in amplitude depending on whether the two sine waves are in or out of phase. When the waves are in phase, constructive interference is occurring, while destructive interference occurs where the waves are out of phase.

Figure 1.6: Superposition of two sine waves with equal amplitudes and wavenumbers $$k_1 = 10$$ and $$k_2 = 11$$

What happens when the wavenumbers of the two sine waves are changed? Figure 1.6 shows the result when $$k_1 = 10$$ and $$k_2 = 11$$. Notice that though the wavelength of the resultant wave is decreased, the locations where the amplitude is maximum have the same separation in $$x$$ as in figure 1.5.

Figure 1.7: Superposition of two sine waves with equal amplitudes and wavenumbers $$k_1 = 10$$ and $$k_2 = 12$$.

If we superimpose waves with $$k_1 = 10$$ and $$k_2 = 12$$, as is shown in figure 1.7, we see that the $$x$$ spacing of the regions of maximum amplitude has decreased by a factor of two. Thus, while the wavenumber of the resultant wave seems to be related to something like the average of the wavenumbers of the component waves, the spacing between regions of maximum wave amplitude appears to go inversely with the difference of the wavenumbers of the component waves. In other words, if $$k_1$$ and $$k_2$$ are close together, the amplitude maxima are far apart and vice versa.

Figure 1.8: Representation of the wavenumbers and amplitudes of two superimposed sine waves.

We can symbolically represent the sine waves that make up figures 1.5, 1.6, and 1.7 by a plot such as that shown in figure 1.8. The amplitudes and wavenumbers of each of the sine waves are indicated by vertical lines in this figure.

The regions of large wave amplitude are called wave packets. Wave packets will play a central role in what is to follow, so it is important that we acquire a good understanding of them. The wave packets produced by only two sine waves are not well separated along the $$x$$-axis. However, if we superimpose many waves, we can produce an isolated wave packet. For example, figure 1.9 shows the results of superimposing $$20$$ sine waves with wavenumbers $$k = 0.4 m$$, $$m = 1,2, \ldots, 20$$, where the amplitudes of the waves are largest for wavenumbers near $$k = 4$$.

Figure 1.9: Superposition of twenty sine waves with $$k_0 = 4$$ and $$\Delta k = 1$$.

In particular, we assume that the amplitude of each sine wave is proportional to $$\exp [-(k - k_0)^2 / \Delta k^2 ]$$, where $$k_0 = 4$$ and $$\Delta k = 1$$. The amplitudes of each of the sine waves making up the wave packet in figure 1.9 are shown schematically in figure 1.10.

Figure 1.10: Representation of the wavenumbers and amplitudes of 20 superimposed sine waves with $$k_0 = 4$$ and $$\Delta k = 1$$.

The quantity $$\Delta k$$ controls the distribution of the sine waves being superimposed -- only those waves with a wavenumber $$k$$ within approximately $$\Delta k$$ of the central wavenumber $$k_0$$ of the wave packet, i. e., for $$3 \le k \le 5$$ in this case, contribute significantly to the sum. If $$\Delta k$$ is changed to $$2$$, so that wavenumbers in the range $$2 \le k \le 6$$ contribute significantly, the wavepacket becomes narrower, as is shown in figures 1.11 and 1.12.

Figure 1.11: Superposition of twenty sine waves with $$k_0 = 4$$ and $$\Delta k = 2$$.

Figure 1.12: Representation of the wavenumbers and amplitudes of 20 superimposed sine waves with $$k_0 = 4$$ and $$\Delta k = 2$$.

$$\Delta k$$ is called the wavenumber spread of the wave packet, and it evidently plays a role similar to the difference in wavenumbers in the superposition of two sine waves -- the larger the wavenumber spread, the smaller the physical size of the wave packet. Furthermore, the wavenumber of the oscillations within the wave packet is given approximately by the central wavenumber.

We can better understand how wave packets work by mathematically analyzing the simple case of the superposition of two sine waves. Let us define $$k_0 = (k_1 + k_2 )/2$$ where $$k_1$$ and $$k_2$$ are the wavenumbers of the component waves. Furthermore let us set $$\Delta k = (k_2 - k_1 )/2$$. The quantities $$k_0$$ and $$\Delta k$$ are graphically illustrated in figure 1.8. We can write $$k_1 = k_0 - \Delta k$$ and $$k_2 = k_0 + \Delta k$$ and use the trigonometric identity $$\sin (a + b) = \sin (a) \cos (b) + \cos (a) \sin (b)$$ to find $$\sin (k_1 x) + \sin (k_2 x) = \sin [(k_0 - \Delta k)x] + \sin [(k_0 + \Delta k)x]$$ $$ = \sin (k_0 x) \cos (\Delta k x) - \cos (k_0 x) \sin(\Delta k x) +$$ $$\sin (k_0 x) \cos (\Delta k x) + \cos (k_0 x) \sin(\Delta k x) = 2 \sin (k_0 x) \cos ( \Delta k x) .$$ (2.17)

The sine factor on the bottom line of the above equation produces the oscillations within the wave packet, and as speculated earlier, this oscillation has a wavenumber $$k_0$$ equal to the average of the wavenumbers of the component waves. The cosine factor modulates this wave with a spacing between regions of maximum amplitude of
 * $$\Delta x = \pi / \Delta k . $$ (2.18)

Thus, as we observed in the earlier examples, the length of the wave packet $$\Delta x$$ is inversely related to the spread of the wavenumbers $$\Delta k$$ (which in this case is just the difference between the two wavenumbers) of the component waves. This relationship is central to the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics.

title: Waves/Superposition


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Daniel Jansen (basketball)

The result was keep. Sources demonstrate the article subject plays in the ABA League, thereby satisfying WP:NHOOPS. (non-admin closure) Optakeover (U)(T)(C) 04:45, 4 October 2017 (UTC)

Daniel Jansen (basketball)

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Contested PROD with no removal rationale. As with a number of other recently-created and -deleted basketballer articles, this player hasn't (yet) played in any of the relevant leagues conferring automatic notability, although he's currently on the roster of a team which will play in one of those leagues when it begins. Generally speaking, though, that means that he gets an article when he actually takes the court in the relevant league, rather than beforehand. Current sourcing is better than some, but local/routine mentions only. BigHaz - Schreit mich an 23:34, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Basketball-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 23:46, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Sportspeople-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 23:46, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Iowa-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 23:47, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Keep Belgian League is a fully professional one and he's going to play in the ABA League, that meet all the criteria. Asturkian (talk) 12:35, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Actually neither of those things meet the criteria. -DJSasso (talk)

 * Delete Nothing I can find shows he meet WP:GNG and he doesn't pass WP:NHOOPS. -DJSasso (talk) 12:43, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * See below for multiple substantial independently published sources of presumed reliability. Carrite (talk) 15:54, 24 September 2017 (UTC)

*Delete - Neither leagues mentioned equate to inherent notability for a player. The subject needs to meet WP:GNG but fails to reach the bar.TheGracefulSlick (talk) 16:55, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete: per nom, but we're going to keep getting these as long as NSPORTS keeps up with the bonehead dozen-year-old definition of "fully professional" = "top-flight." That language's sell-by date's long passed and it's confusing to people who say "Wait, what, they're all getting paid aren't they?"  Nha Trang  Allons! 20:41, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * NSPORT doesn't actually say that and hasn't for awhile. At least for basketball. -DJSasso (talk) 12:02, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * It does for football, which muddies everything else. In a fully professional, 3rd tier league, not everyone should be default notable for one game.John Pack Lambert (talk) 04:06, 23 September 2017 (UTC)
 * The author of this article wasn't aware of the notabilty criteria, see discussions of Articles for deletion/Eric Garcia (basketball). After being made aware of them he removed the articles not likely to pass or WP:GNG or WP:NHOOPS. The ones left are Daniel Jansen and Eric Garcia, two players who should pass WP:NHOOPS in less than a week when they play their first game in the ABA League. We can be bureaucratic about it and remove them now just to add them again in less than a week (per WP:CRYSTAL ball and all), or we could just wait, this being a new editors rookie mistake which he is now aware of not doing again. Dammit_steve (talk) 16:44, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Delete does not meet notability guidelines for basketball players.John Pack Lambert (talk) 04:05, 23 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep - With all due respect, deletion advocates, you have this one wrong. Don't care that he's not a player in a pro league, he was the Division II Player of the Year in 2016 and as such passes our General Notability Guideline. The GNG for basketball players is therefore irrelevant. Carrite (talk) 15:42, 24 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note also that his team was Division II National Champions in 2015-16. Carrite (talk) 15:44, 24 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Additionally, THIS article from the Sioux Falls Argus Leader clearly counts to GNG. Carrite (talk) 15:47, 24 September 2017 (UTC)
 * And HERE is another feature story from the Sioux City Journal. Carrite (talk) 15:49, 24 September 2017 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
 * Keep per User:Carrite. Antrocent (♫♬) 19:20, 25 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep also agree with Carrite. The reason for the nomination made sense but in this case the player has separate notability already.--Milowent • hasspoken  12:46, 26 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep - as DII player of the year. Perhaps another interesting basketball project for newcomers would be adding Division II winners to List of U.S. men's college basketball national player of the year awards.  See my suggestion on the talk page: [] TimTempleton (talk)  (cont)  23:33, 26 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I'm guessing the scope of that article is intentionally limited to Division I. Frankly, I'm not sure that winning a Division II award is enough to demonstrate notability. Division II sports just really aren't a very big deal to most American sports fans. Lepricavark (talk) 04:38, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks,  MBisanz  talk 02:20, 27 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I think it depends on the sport. DII football is well represented on Wikipedia - DII basketball not so much, but the player of the year, as arguably the best player in the entire division, should pass the notability test. TimTempleton (talk)  (cont)  18:32, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Note to closing admin This player is scheduled to make his debut in the ABA League in about five hours. Please hold off on a final decision until that point and note that any arguments that he doesn't meet WP:NBASKETBALL will be moot. Let's avoid a deletion followed by an "acceptable" re-creation. Thanks. Rikster2 (talk) 12:39, 29 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Update - Jansen now officially meets WP:NBASKETBALL, having appeared in a game in the ABA League. See here. Rikster2 (talk) 18:28, 29 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Keep setting aside that the player will likely meet WP:NBASKETBALL in a few hours, he meets GNG in my estimation (though I found it easier to find sources using "Dan" vs. "Daniel") with sources like this and this and this. Rikster2 (talk) 12:59, 29 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep Meets WP:NBASKETBALL per User:Rikster2 above -- Dammit_steve (talk) 18:36, 29 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep. Now meets WP:NBASKETBALL, per Rikster2. He probably met WP:GNG & WP:NCOLLATH, even before that, but that's all a moot point now. A real time-waster of an AfD nomination. Ejgreen77 (talk) 22:04, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
 * You're welcome to express your opinion, but given the state of the article at the time I came across it, I can assure you this hasn't been a waste of time. Best to remain civil about such things, I would suggest. BigHaz - Schreit mich an 22:41, 3 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Keep passes NBASKETBALL. I remain unconvinced that being a DII player of the year counts for anything. Lepricavark (talk) 00:01, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
 * well, I did provide three substantial articles from three different independent reliable sources above. It’s moot at this point, but since I started looking after this discussion it has appeared that D2 NPOYS do receive coverage enough to meet GNG, at least recent ones where you’d expect to find on-line sources. Rikster2 (talk) 00:25, 4 October 2017 (UTC)


text:
Ray Wittelsberger

Ray Wittelsberger (March 16, 1925 – August 29, 1980) was an American field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

title: Ray Wittelsberger


text:
kuti

Noun

 * 1) A traditional Ethiopian tisane made from steeped coffee leaves.

Etymology 1
Related to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, all with the same meaning. Ultimately derived from.

Noun

 * 1) box

Etymology 2
From archaic, from.

Noun

 * 1)  unit of length of 75 cm
 * 2) measure of length

Pronoun

 * 1) where

Etymology 2
Formed from the infinitive of.

Conjunction

 * 1) that

Etymology 1
Borrowed from or older.

Noun

 * 1) bullet informal term for an unfired round of ammunition
 * 2)  shot

Etymology
From. Cognate with dialectal 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  a small knife

Noun

 * 1) mole

Noun

 * 1) gunpowder

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) foot

Adjective

 * 1) able, capable, suitable, fit
 * 2)  white with brown spots
 * 3)  lead-colored

Noun

 * 1) instance, times
 * 2) childlike intelligence, in a positive sense
 * 3)  handle, hoe, potato hook
 * 4)  any plant used to regenerate fallow land
 * 5)  scar
 * 6)  fugitive or temporary dye on yarn
 * 7)  S-shaped pallay motif

Noun

 * 1) frond of the coconut palm, used for thatch

Noun

 * 1) puppy

title: kuti


text:
Talk:Apotheon

If someone ever try to write a proper article
Use this: http://www.open.ac.uk/arts/research/pvcrs/2017/Paprocki — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:42, 3 December 2020 (UTC)

Also http://panoplyclassicsandanimation.blogspot.com/2017/09/game-on-panoply-interview-with-apotheon.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:22, 3 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Apotheon


text:
Safronovo

Safronovo (Сафроново) is a rural locality (a selo) in Paklinsky Selsoviet, Bayevsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 246 as of 2013. There are 2 streets.

Geography
Safronovo is located 45 km southeast of Bayevo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Paklino is the nearest rural locality.

title: Safronovo


text:
Help talk:FAQ/Contributing

Source of initial text
Initial text adapted from Wikipedia:Contributing FAQ --mav 08:59, 24 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Linking to wikipedia?
As a new user, I upgraded the perl book to link to all first-occurrences of foreign comp-science words to wikipedia ( ie. foo .) Today I find someone of high stature has reverted all of those links. Please advise on when a wikibook should consult with a wikipedia entry and when it shouldn't. I feel discouraged, a lot of time has been needlessly wasted. EvanCarroll 19:14, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

wording nitpick
This is super minor, but while browsing the page, the wording about the GIF patent question leapt out at me. Instead of saying ""Consult an attorney for more legal advice,"" it would probably be better to delete the word "more." It seems like, to me at least, including the word "more" suggests that the answer is in fact trying to give legal advice, which we probably shouldn't be giving the impression of. Maximilian.Klein.LRMI (discuss • contribs) 05:33, 31 December 2012 (UTC)

Broken link
In the section Help:FAQ/Contributing the link to spellonline.com seems to be broken. Does anyone know the right address?

--Maths314 (discuss • contribs) 21:05, 15 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Help talk:FAQ/Contributing


text:
User:IntMan

I am now a senior in high school. I have been working on the Calculus wikibook every so often, and plan on resuming so in late August 2004.

title: User:IntMan


text:
Help:Contents/Old

 * Wikimedia Help
 * The main Wikimedia meta wiki help page

 * Specific Questions?
 * This page is a directory of pages in the Help namespace. If you have a specific question see: Questions

 * Need help with jargon?
 * Wikiversity participants use many technical terms that have special meaning within the Wikiversity project; see the glossary of terms.

Editing

 * Editing tutorial
 * Help:Editing $$\Leftrightarrow$$ This page has excellent tables showing the basic formattingoptions.
 * Help:Editing FAQ
 * Help:Editing tips and tricks
 * Help:Edit summary
 * Help:How to edit a page
 * Help:Editing toolbar - Shortcut buttons for editing

Making pages

 * Help:Starting a new page - See start a new page function at bottom of this page.
 * Help:Page name
 * Help:Moving, renaming and removing pages
 * Help:Portal - about making, and especially about editing, portals.

Links

 * Help:Link
 * Help:Piped link
 * Help:Interwiki linking
 * Help:URL

Making pages pretty and interesting

 * Help:Color tables -- Allowed colors on the internet.
 * Help:Icons -- Icons for instructors - Sources of great icons for Wikiversity pages
 * Help:Style Sheet 1 - Basic elements of colorful formatting styles for lesson pages
 * Help:eMail for Teachers -- Wikiversity eMail coding for instructors - How to set up email for students to contact teachers, etc.
 * Help:Quiz-Simple -- How to use the quiz extension (simplified)
 * Help:Quiz -- How to use the quiz extension (detailed)
 * Help:CSS at Wikiversity -- How to apply the features of Style Sheets on Wikiversity pages.
 * Help:Table -- Simple tables
 * Help:Table2 -- Samples of tables that you can apply on Wikiversity pages.

Other help topics

 * Help:Category
 * Help:Diff
 * Help:List
 * Help:Formula
 * Help:HTML in wikitext
 * Help:Talk page
 * Help:Variable - This is a list of variables that can be used in the wikitext.
 * Help:Wiki markup examples
 * Help:Wikitext quick reference
 * Help:Media Files - How to work with media files in Wikiversity (JPG, PNG, PDF, OGG)
 * Help:Syndication - How to receive notice when an individual Wikiversity page is edited.
 * Help:Table - Useful tips for making tables.
 * Help:Template - Find useful templates
 * Help:Error Messages

Page layout help

 * Help:Color schemes -- Page layouts for instructors - Rough samples of lesson pages
 * Help:Color schemes 2 -- Page layouts for instructors - Better quality lesson pages
 * Help:Color schemes 3 -- A simple lesson page layout for instructors. (This is better than the two above.)
 * Help:Color schemes 3b -- Color variations that can be used in Help:Color schemes 3
 * Help:Color schemes 4 -- A colorful index for language pages (currently used for Spanish/Spanish One.
 * Help:Color schemes 6 -- Yet another simple lesson page layout for instructors

Outside Help

 * Wikimedia's Help with Magic Words
 * Wikipedia's HTML Web Color Tables - A good chart of the colors you can use for your lesson pages. (Note : Do not use color numbers ; use only color names. Each browser works differently with numbers.)
 * Wikipedia's syntax for posting images on a page
 * Wikipedia:Media help
 * Media help at WikiCommons
 * Wikipedia:Media help Help getting OGG files to play on your computer.
 * ParserFunctions WikiMedia parser funtions if you want to do IF statemetns.
 * Help:Advanced templates

title: Help:Contents/Old


text:
Conservation of energy

Conservation of energy (the First Law of Thermodynamics) is a simple law stating that although energy may change form, it cannot disappear altogether, nor can it be created.

More recently, this law has been modified to take into account the equivalence of mass and energy ($$E = mc^2$$) discovered by Einstein. This new law is called the law of conservation of mass and energy. It states that although mass may convert to energy, and vice versa, neither may disappear without compensation in the other quantity. However, the original form of the law is adequate in most everyday situations.

A concrete example of energy conservation is found with falling objects. Near the surface of the Earth, the gravitational potential energy of an object is given by $$mgh$$, where m is the object's mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity at that place, and h is the object's height from where the object started to where it is now (measure with downward values negative). When an object falls, its potential energy is converted into kinetic energy (given by $$(1/2)mv^2$$). In math:

$$-mgh = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 $$

where m is mass, v is velocity. There is a negative sign in front of the potential energy because when the object is gaining kinetic energy, it will be losing potential energy.

Another, more useful way of interpreting conservation of energy is by using the following formula

$$K_1+U_1+W other=K_2+U_2$$

title: Conservation of energy


text:
User:Rosha da prince kenya

Early life
Robert Shauri (Rosha da prince/ Uncle Rosha) (born 13 Jan 1995 ) is a Kenyan based in business,photo/videography. Robert also calls himself '''Rosha da prince/Uncle Rosha Robert most known as Rosha, he started his career 2014 as an editor in different Acting & drama groups and casted in different movies and now in other fields under IT & Computer world. He has his own production label called(Rosha Films Production)and co-asst.in a company called Fineline Filmworkshop Company/ based in weddings,birthday and photo-shooting works.

Filmography

 * Secret groove with jeniffer konde,Lucy Safari,Alex Karisa,Janet k.m
 * Nisamehe   with antony mwaro,gladies achieng,hamisi emmanuel,constance z,prinilla z,nathaniel,rofas mele

Awards and nominations
nominated

won- best script writer
 * Kienyeji drama festivals awards
 * best lead role/soloist ″choral& music″

Youth Empowerment
his been a role model in youth forums, that help to give hope to those living in HIV/AIDS epidermics in different counties. unioning teams and groups to prevail peace, volunteering in environmental conservation. Tree planting to make beauty of kenya and a good home.

=References==

title: User:Rosha da prince kenya


text:
Python Programming

This book describes Python, an open-source general-purpose interpreted programming language available for the most popular operating systems. The current versions are 3.x while versions 2.x are no longer supported, since 2020. This book describes primarily the versions 3.x, but does at times reference versions 2.x.

There are a few implementations for Python 3 (and older): the standard implementation written in C, and PyPy, a JIT-compiled version written in RPython - a subset of Python. For Python 2 only there are Jython written in Java and IronPython written in C# for the .NET environment.

Intro

 * /Overview/
 * /Getting Python/
 * /Development Environments/
 * /Interactive mode/
 * /Self Help/

Basics

 * /Creating Python programs/
 * /Variables and Strings/
 * /Basic syntax/
 * /Sequences/ (Strings, Lists, Tuples, Dictionaries, Sets)
 * /Data types/
 * /Numbers/
 * /Strings/
 * /Lists/
 * /Tuples/
 * /Dictionaries/
 * /Sets/
 * /Basic Math/ -- redundant to "Operators"
 * /Operators/
 * /Control Flow/
 * /Decision Control/
 * /Conditional Statements/
 * /Loops/
 * /Functions/
 * /Scoping/
 * Input and Output
 * /Files/
 * /Modules/
 * /Classes/
 * /Exceptions/
 * /Errors/
 * /Source Documentation and Comments/
 * /Idioms/
 * /Package management/
 * /Python 2 vs. Python 3/

Advanced

 * /Decorators/
 * /Context Managers/
 * /Reflection/
 * /Metaclasses/
 * /Performance/
 * /PyPy/
 * /Cython/
 * /Command-line one-liners/
 * /Tips and Tricks/

Standard library modules

 * /Standard Library/
 * /Regular Expression/
 * /External commands/
 * /XML Tools/
 * /Email/
 * /Threading/
 * /Sockets/
 * /GUI Programming/
 * /Tkinter/
 * /CGI interface/
 * /WSGI web programming/
 * /Internet/
 * /Networks/
 * /Math/

Third-party modules

 * /Databases/ -- to be merged with the following chapter
 * /Database Programming/
 * /numpy/
 * /Game Programming in Python/
 * Qt4
 * /Dbus/
 * /pyFormex/
 * /matplotlib/
 * /Sorted Container Types/
 * /Excel/
 * /MS Word/

Writing extension modules

 * /Extending with C/
 * /Extending with C++/
 * /Extending with Pyrex/
 * /Extending with ctypes/
 * /Extending with Perl/

Appendices

 * /Popularity/
 * /Links/
 * /Authors/
 * /Library Modules/
 * /Naming conventions/

title: Python Programming


text:
Botany/A final note about the Guide

Botany

Both this Guide and all articles in Wikipedia are free content that can be added to or edited by anyone. It is an opportunity for the user of these documents to contribute information, or even state given information more clearly, simply by editing a page. As a student with a textbook and a lecturer (teacher), you may find yourself in possession of useful facts, another point of view on existing facts, or a report you prepared of exceptional quality. Any of these can be added to an appropriate page in this Guide or the Wikipedia. However, this caution is strongly advised: Do not place into the Guide any text or pictures taken verbatim (or close to verbatim) from a text book, web site, or other copyrighted source without permission of the copyright holder. In general, this means, anything you submit should be your own work.

To learn how to edit or contribute material to this textbook, first read the introduction at: How to Edit.

title: Botany/A final note about the Guide


text:
Systematic Phonics/Why use systematic phonics

Systematic phonics is a toolbox designed to enable and empower a person to read. It is useful for children first learning to read, non-native speakers who are learning to read, and even the many native adult English speakers who have not yet learned to read.

With systematic phonics, a reader can break down any word, even the most difficult, into maneagable pieces called syllables. When a person can correctly divide a word, he can then pronounce each part and then the whole word.

Systematic phonics was developed decades ago by language experts as a way to decode the entire English language.

 * From a paper published by the National Institute of Health:  "Findings provided solid support for the conclusion that systematic phonics instruction makes a bigger contribution to children’s growth in reading than alternative programs providing unsystematic or no phonics instruction."

Extensive studies support that the method is effective. However, systematic phonics has not been adopted by most educators, who tend to use "whole language" or "holistic learning" to teach kids to read. Proponents of systematic phonics claim that the failure of many students to read to level can be traced to the use of other, less systematic, teaching methods.

Systematic phonics an be an important part of learning English as a Second Language.


text:
Waves/Transverse, Longitudinal and Torsional waves

Transverse and Longitudinal Waves

With the exception of light, waves are undulations in some material medium. For instance, waves on a slinky are either transverse, in that the motion of the material of the slinky is perpendicular to the orientation of the slinky, if you vibrate the slinky like a rope, or they are longitudinal, with material motion in the direction of the stretched slinky, if you treat it like a spring. (See image on right) Ocean waves are simultaneously transverse and longitudinal, the net effect being (nearly) circular undulations in the position of water parcels. The oscillations in neighboring parcels are phased such that a pattern moves across the ocean surface. Some media support only longitudinal waves, others support only transverse waves, while yet others support both types. Sound waves are purely longitudinal in gases and liquids, but can be either type in solids.

Mechanical transverse waves require a material medium and propogate by means of vibrations of the medium perpendicular to the direction of travel. Examples are water waves, ripples, seismic shear waves, and waves in stretched strings as above.

Electromagnetic (EM) waves (such as light) are also transverse waves but they do not require a medium and thus can pass through a vacuum (see intro). They consist of oscillating electric (E) and magnetic (B) fields which are perpendicular to the direction of propagation while also being mutually perpendicular. EM waves are a disturbance of space itself, which can be thought of as being stretched and therefore being elastic and having a tension. The B and E fields are in phase as shown on the left.

The fundamental S.I. unit of length (meter) is defined in terms of the speed of light in vacuum and the definition of the unit of time, the second. The previous definition was in terms of the wavelength of a particular color of light in the line spectrum of Krypton 86. The modern definition is more accurate as well as being the same to all observers regardless of their relative velocity.

Longitudinal waves propogate by means of vibrations or disturbances in the medium that are in the same direction that the wave travels. Examples are sound (as above), seismic shock waves, slinky springs and part of the motion in ocean waves. Sound waves are a series of high-pressure compressions and low-pressure rarefaction (for this reason, sound is sometimes called a pressure wave). While it might be convenient to think of individual molecules vibrating back and forth around an equilibrium position (producing areas of high and low pressure), the individual molecules in a gas generally move randomly, and it is only in large numbers that this pattern is visible. In longitudinal waves, the convention is to describe displacement in the direction the wave is going (the direction of propagation) as positive, and displacement against that direction as negative.

The pressure and displacement of a molecule at a point are $$90^o$$ out of phase, so that, for example, when a molecule is farthest displaced it is in a normal pressure area, while molecules in compressions or rarefactions have displacement close to zero.

Torsional waves consist of a twisting disturbance moving through a medium such as a wire or a rod.


text:
Talk:David Gates

Editing the main article
I have edited the article, aiming for a more objective tone, in addition to correcting details and adding information. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Nuke M (talk • contribs).

Is this all you have on David Gates??? Pretty poor, incredible talent and deeply memorable body of work during the 70's counts for little huh? Some balance is needed here, I see 4 times as much swap space given over to forgettable one-hit wonder popsters from the '80s! —<IP_ADDRESS> 23:13, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

The article says: +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ In 1967, Gates produced... A little over a year later, Gates and Royer got together with Jimmy Griffin to form Bread... The group was signed by Elektra Records, where they would remain over their eight-years as a recording act. . . . Bread disbanded in 1973, much to the surprise of fans and the music industry. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ So, doing the math, if Bread was formed in '68, and disbanded in '73, how is it that they had 8 years as a recording act? Mike 14:19, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

The photo appearing with the article is not David Gates of Bread, but David Gates, the author. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:37, 18 August 2011 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 03:32, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

You must be kidding guys?! From this article I do not know even what kind of music this bloke plays, even less which of his works might be interesting. Imagine article on Picasso which doesn't mention why he is relevant! <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:33, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

Personal Life?
Did he have one?

People featuring in biographical articles usually do. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:30, 14 October 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on David Gates. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120301095840/http://www.delts.org/about/famousdelts.html to http://www.delts.org/about/famousdelts.html

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 04:58, 30 August 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Gates


text:
Talk:General Biology/Getting Started/Introduction

If someone knows how to make the text flow around the pictures, please help me out. Thanks !! --Karl Wick

 * no problem Gentgeen 00:51, 9 Jan 2004 (UTC)

I added an example to illustrate the process of scientific inverstigation.

Characteristics of Life
Shouldn't the definition include something about adaptation through natural section? Italienmoose (talk) 11:56, 5 June 2010 (UTC)


text:
Talk:EMP nuke

I would discourage merging the articles, as E-bombs (electromagnetic bombs NOT using nuclear explosions) are different in almost every engineering aspect from the nuclear bombs designed to produce maximum electromagnetic effects. (RookZERO)

title: Talk:EMP nuke


text:
Help talk:Transclusion/How Transclusion Works

Meaning of foo
I think the use of "foo" isn't idiot-proof enough. I had to look for the meaning of "foo".--2001:18C0:319:E401:0:0:0:6 (talk) 04:24, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Hello, IP User 2001:18C0:319:E401:0:0:0:6 I read your comment, and regret the lack of clarity. While "foo" remains in the example, I made the example less terse than before. I hope that will alleviate any confusion you or others may experience.--FeralOink (talk) 15:25, 13 February 2021 (UTC)


text:
Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification (CONMEBOL–CONCACAF play-off)

The CONCACAF–CONMEBOL play-off for the 2016 Summer Olympics was a men's under-23 international football play-off between a team from CONCACAF (North, Central America and Caribbean) and a team from CONMEBOL (South America), with the winner qualifying for the final berth in the 2016 Summer Olympics men's football tournament.

Colombia qualified to the Olympics with a 3–2 aggregate win over the United States, after a 1–1 draw in the first leg and a 1–2 win in the second leg.

Qualified teams

 * The CONCACAF representative was the United States, who finished third at the 2015 CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying Championship.
 * The CONMEBOL representative was Colombia, who finished second at the 2015 South American Youth Football Championship.

Matches
Originally qualification was to be decided using a single-leg tie in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. However, in October 2015, the International Olympic Committee announced that the play-off would be a home and away series. The first leg was hosted by Colombia, while the second leg was hosted by the United States.


text:
GCSE Science/Uses of electromagnets

Electromagnets are used inside all sorts of devices. A very simple device is the electromagnet that is used in scrap yards to pick up cars. It can then drop them once the electric current is turned off. This page looks at some more complicated devices that use electromagnets.

What are Electromagnets?
Electromagnets are a type of magnet that you can make using a piece of iron, a wire (that you have to coil around the iron) and a battery. You have to switch on the battery, which should be connected to the wire. The iron will attract other metals, just like a magnet. If you leave the wire attached to the battery, it will begin to get hot. This will also work with a non magnetic core, but the electromagnet will be weaker. The more coils you have, the stronger the electromagnet will be.

You can use electromagnets for lots of things: loudspeakers, relays and circuit-breakers. They are also used in car scrap-yards to pick up magnetic waste (e.g. Old cars), and with any form of magnetically recordable media: VCR tapes, computer hard drives, cassette tapes, and credit card stripes.

How Do They Work?
Every wire has a magnetic field around it, but this only happens if there is current flowing through it. Every current produces a magnetic field. This effect is used in electromagnets. The field which is produced by the electromagnet is similar to the field around a bar magnet. If it has no iron core it will still produce a field, only it won’t be so strong because the iron makes it stronger. The iron core becomes magnetised when the current is switched on and it loses its magnetism when it is switched off. A steel core however, will always keep its magnetism.

Step by Step Explanation
Once the battery is connected a current flows in the wire loops around the U shaped soft iron core.

This turns the core into an electromagnet.

The electromagnet attracts the armature which is also made of soft iron.

As the armature moves towards the electromagnet, it causes the hammer to strike the bell. At the same time it breaks the circuit.

The break in the circuit causes the current to stop flowing.

The soft iron core loses its magnetic field and releases the armature which springs back to its original position.

The contact screw touches the springy metal and completes the circuit. The whole cycle is repeated over and over until the battery is disconnected or runs down.

Hope you will find this information helpful!

The Loud Speaker
A speaker is made of a paper cone attached to a coil which acts as a small electromagnet. The coil is fitted over a permanent magnet, and as the current flows through the coil it is either attracted or repelled depending on which direction the current flows. A typical signal from an amplifier will be a varying current, and so the cone will vibrate back and forth at the same frequency as the current. As the cone vibrates, it sets up pressure waves in the air, which we hear as sound.

title: GCSE Science/Uses of electromagnets


text:
Hardev Singh Kular

Hardev Singh Kular (13 December 1930 – 31 December 2013) was a Kenyan field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

title: Hardev Singh Kular


text:
CACS/Glossary/ADP

Automatic Data Processing (ADP) (Corporation) a corporation, specializing in payroll and human resources business services and founded in 1949. As of 2002 they grossed over $15 billion, Headquartered in Roseland, NJ, their web address is www.adp.com.

(Microsoft) .ADP is also a file extension for an Access Database Project.

title: CACS/Glossary/ADP


text:
User:DocLeonard

About
I am a male, born in Belgium in the year 1990. I have no affiliations and I'm self-employed. My native languages are Dutch and French, but I'm more prone to communicating in English. The number of interests I have knows no bounds, nor are they limited to any specific number of fields. I have donated modest sums to the foundation twice.

Work and Activities
Disclaimer: I'm not an active editor.
 * I have corrected and will correct errors when I see them and have source material easily available.
 * Considering my lack of experience as an editor, I will easily consult discussion pages whenever I doubt the quality of an article. Especially when it concerns bias. I hate bias. Is that biased? Hm...

title: User:DocLeonard


text:
Randy Hahn

Randy Hahn (born October 21, 1958) is a Canadian-American play-by-play commentator for the San Jose Sharks on NBC Sports California, and has held that position for over 30 seasons. He has over 40 years of broadcast experience, mostly in hockey. Randy Hahn has worked the Stanley Cup Playoffs for TNT since 2022. He broadcast his 2,000th Sharks game on December 13, 2022, when the Sharks faced the Arizona Coyotes in San Jose. Along with analyst and ex-partner Drew Remenda, Hahn has won five Northern California Emmy Awards in the "On Camera Sports" section; one in 1999, and others in 2002, 2005, and 2008. Hahn was a PBP announcer in Konami's NHL Blades of Steel '99 and 2K Sports' NHL 2K9, NHL 2K10, and NHL 2K11.

Early life
Hahn was born in 1958 in Edmonton but moved to Whitehorse, Yukon at the age of 14. He attended F. H. Collins Secondary School with mayor Ernie Bourassa. At the age of 15, Hahn was hired for a weekend shift as a disc jockey at CKRW. His first live play-by-play was covering the Sourdough Rendezvous dog races on Dandelion Heights, which he refers to as a "paw by paw." During his tenure with the station, Bob Sudeyko and him interviewed their friends to pass the time while stuck in the transmitter shack on Grey Mountain, and said at the end of the night they even interviewed a chipmunk. After graduating from high school, Hahn attended the University of British Columbia where he accepted a job offer from a Vancouver radio station working broadcasts for the National Hockey League and Canadian Football League teams. This eventually led to a play-by-play job with the Edmonton Drillers soccer team.

Career

His 1980s TV work included Ivy League Game of the Week football broadcasts.

Hahn and Rick Davis called the final of the first FIFA Women's World Cup from Guangzhou, China for SportsChannel America in November 1991.

Some of his other TV and radio work has been with the San Diego Sockers, Los Angeles Kings, Vancouver Canucks, and Edmonton Oilers.

Shortly before the Sharks were formed, Hahn was vice president of a non-profit organization known as Pro Hockey San Jose. The purpose was to draw attention to the newly approved arena in the city, and hopefully acquire an NHL team for San Jose (both the team and the arena did come to fruition, with the San Jose Arena opening in 1993 and the Sharks beginning play at the Cow Palace in 1991).

Because Hahn is an avid wine connoisseur, he would frequent the Sonoma Harvest Valley wine auction in Sonoma County. There, he met Pixar producer and director John Lasseter in the early 2000s and developed a friendship. Lasseter called Hahn in 2013 and asked him to voice the hockey announcer in the award-winning film Inside Out. Hahn can be heard during the dinner scene when Riley’s dad is replaying a hockey game in his mind. He returned to Pixar to reprise this role for Inside Out 2.

Personal life
Hahn was married to Roberta Gonzales, a current meteorologist for KTVU-TV (Fox 2) Oakland, CA.

On June 8, 1995, Hahn was arrested on a charge of drug possession after signing for a package containing amphetamines that was delivered to his home in Orland Park, Illinois. The charges were dropped a week later after the police realized that Hahn had been set up by a stalker who was after his wife, who was then the morning meteorologist for WMAQ-TV in Chicago.

On October 17, 2021, Randy married Andrea Buswell Hahn, owner of Frost Cupcake Factory in San Jose. They had a private ceremony at their home in Gilroy, California.

In July 2022, Randy obtained United States Citizenship, after 40 years of broadcasting and living in the US.

title: Randy Hahn