text:
University of Valencia

The University of Valencia (Universitat de València ), shortened to UV, is a public research university located in the city of Valencia, Spain. It is one of the oldest universities in Spain, and the oldest in the Valencian Community. It is regarded as one of Spain's leading academic institutions.

The university was founded in 1499, and currently has around 55,000 students. Most of the courses are taught in Spanish, however their plan is to increase the number of courses available in Valencian and English as well.

It is located in the Mediterranean Spanish baseline, in the city of Valencia which is the capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain, with a population of 829,705 in 2014. One of its campuses is located in the metropolitan area of Valencia, in the municipalities of Burjassot and Paterna.

The current chancellor is María Vicenta Mestre Escrivá.

History
At the request of James I the Conqueror, Pope Innocent IV in 1246 authorized (by a Bull) the establishment of estudis generals in Valencia. The University Statutes were passed by the municipal magistrates of Valencia on 30 April 1499; this is considered to be the 'founding' of the university. In 1501, Pope Alexander VI signed the bill of approval and one year later Ferdinand II the Catholic proclaimed the Royal Mandatory Concession.

Its foundation was due to the zeal of Vincent Ferrer (later canonised) and to the donation of a building by Mosen Pedro Vilaragut. Only very meagre accounts have been preserved of the practical workings of the university. From the time of its foundation the courses included Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, philosophy, mathematics, and physics, theology, Canon law, and medicine.

The closing years of the seventeenth, and the whole of the eighteenth century, witnessed the most prosperous era of the university, Greek, Latin, mathematics, and medicine being specially cultivated. Among the names of illustrious students that of Tosca, Evangelista Torricelli's friend, noted physicist and author of important mathematical works, stands out prominently. Escolano says that it was the leading university in mathematics, the humanities, philosophy, and medicine. Large anatomical drawings were made by the students. Valencia was the first university of Spain to found a course for the study of herbs. Many of the Valencian graduates of medicine became famous. Pedro Ximeno discovered the third small bone of the ear. He was professor at Alcalá and had for a pupil the celebrated Vallés. Luis Collado, professor of botany, made some valuable discoveries and carried on exhaustive studies of the plants of the Levant; Vicente Alfonso Lorente wrote works on botany; and the famous botanist Cavanilles was also a student of this university.

In the seventeenth century, the university divided into two factions, the Thomists and the anti-Thomists. The discussions were heated and aroused partisan feelings throughout the entire Kingdom of Valencia. The university possessed a library of 27,000 volumes which was destroyed by the soldiers under the command of General Suchet. Among the most noted professors of the university was D. Francisco Pérez Bayer, a man of wide culture and great influence in the reign of Charles III of Spain. Around the university several colleges for poor students sprang up: the first was founded by St. Thomas of Villanova in 1561 and then followed those founded by Doña Angela Alonsar, and Mosen Pedro Martín. The most famous, called Corpus Christi, was founded by Blessed Juan de Ribera; Philip II founded that of San Jorge; and Melchor de Villena founded the last in 1643. During the Spanish Civil War, in 1938, a fire badly damaged the library.

Campuses
The University of Valencia has three main urban campuses located in Valencia city and in Burjassot-Paterna, and some other buildings and facilities in the hearth of Valencia town, such as the Historic Building, Botanical Garden, Cerveró Palace, the Rectorate and others, and the astronomical observatory, located in the town of Aras de los Olmos.
 * The Burjassot Campus houses the colleges of Biology, Pharmacy, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and the School of Engineering.
 * On the Avenida de Blasco Ibañez Campus are the Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Philosophy and Educational Sciences, Psychology, Geography and History, Philology and Translation and Communication, Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Nursing.
 * The third campus, Tarongers, houses the Schools of Law, Economics and Business, Social Sciences, and recently the School of Elementary Teacher Training, which moved from its previous location near the Blasco Ibañez Campus.

Schools and Faculties
The University of Valencia has 18 Schools and Faculties located in its three main campuses. Each one allocates different academic departments and offers undergraduate, official masters and PhD programs.

Studying at the University of Valencia
The University of Valencia offers degrees in almost all of the academic fields: Arts and Humanities, Engineering, Health sciences, Science, and Social sciences.

The exchange programs with foreign universities, as well as other programs of International Cooperation and Development Aid, allow students to study in other academic institutions from Europe, North America, Latin America, and Asia. Regarding student mobility through Erasmus program, it is among the top ten universities in Europe. The university has partnered with International Studies Abroad, a study abroad provider based in Austin, Texas, to bring inbound students from the United States and Canada.

Research
Research is conducted through several ways. The Academic Departments within each School, the Research Institutes, the Science Park and some others.

The Research Institutes are conceived as multi-disciplinary research structures beyond the framework of the departments; they aim to meet the demand of the economic and social context in the research and transfer fields.

Notable faculty

 * Juan José Martí (1570–1604)—novelist and canon lawyer
 * Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934)—received Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906
 * Dámaso Alonso (1898–1990)—poet, philologist, literary critic
 * Ernest Lluch (1937–2000)—economist and politician
 * Álvaro López-García (1941–2019)—astronomer
 * Carles Solà (born 1945)—chemist and academic administrator
 * Josep Guia (born 1947)—mathematician
 * Jon Juaristi (born 1951)—poet, essayist and translator

Arts and Science

 * Juan Luis Vives (1493–1540)—Renaissance scholar; father of modern psychology
 * Joseph Calasanz (1557–1648)—priest
 * Juan Tomás de Rocaberti (1627–1699)—theologian
 * Mathieu Orfila (1787–1853)—toxicologist, founder of science of toxicology
 * Graciano López Jaena (1856–1896)—Filipino journalist
 * José Martínez Ruiz (1873–1967)—novelist and literary critic
 * José Gaos (1900–1969)—philosopher
 * Isabel-Clara Simó (1943–2020)—journalist
 * Rafael Ninyoles i Monllor (1943–2019)—sociolinguist
 * José Luis Soberanes (born 1950)—Mexican lawyer
 * Amparo Acker-Palmer (born 1968)--- Spanish cell biologist and neuroscientist.
 * Josep Carles Laínez (born 1970)—philologist
 * Carlos Alós-Ferrer—economist
 * Etelvina Andreu—physicist, medical doctor, politician
 * José-Miguel Bernardo—mathematician, statistician
 * Marti Bonmati Luis—medical doctor
 * Estrella Durá—psychologist, politician
 * María Ángeles Durán—sociologist
 * Pablo Jarillo-Herrero—physicist
 * Andrés Piquer—physician, philosopher
 * Antoni Roig Muntaner—chemist
 * Manuel Sánchez Ayuso—economist, politician
 * Daniel Tordera—chemist
 * Hassan Ugail—mathematician
 * Muriel Villanueva i Perarnau—writer
 * Antonio Vidal-Puig—medical doctor and scientist
 * Aquilino Cayuela—writer, columnist, and professor specializing in moral philosophy, politics, bioethics, and theology
 * Carmen Agulló Díaz—professor, non-fiction author
 * Jorge Mateu—mathematician, author, and academic
 * Juan José López-Ibor—psychiatrist

Politics

 * Gabriela Bravo—politician
 * Gema Climent—scientist, tech entrepreneur
 * Esther Herranz García (born 1969)—politician
 * Belén Hoyo Juliá—politician
 * Joan Lerma—politician
 * Enrique Monsonís—politician
 * María Sornosa Martinez (born 1949)—politician
 * José Manuel Vela Bargues (1962–2022)—economist and politician
 * José Viñals (born 1954)—economist

title: University of Valencia


text:
User:CarlTDY/sandbox

en.wikipedia.orga website''' CLICK HERE ABOUT ICT!!! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology

About_ICT→→→→→→→

Information and Communications Technology: (ICT) is an extended term for information communication technology (ICT) which stresses the role of unified communications[1] and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.[2]

The term ICT is also used to refer to the convergence of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to merge the telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management.

However, ICT has no universal definition, as "the concepts, methods and applications involved in ICT are constantly evolving on an almost daily basis."[3] The broadness of ICT covers any product that will store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit or receive information electronically in a digital form, e.g. personal computers, digital television, email, robots. For clarity, Zuppo provided an ICT hierarchy where all levels of the hierarchy "contain some degree of commonality in that they are related to technologies that facilitate the transfer of information and various types of electronically mediated communications".[4] Skills Framework for the Information Age is one of many models for describing and managing competencies for ICT professionals for the 21st century.[5]

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:CarlTDY/sandbox


text:
Talk:David Bruce (composer)

Nationality
I just heard David Bruce mentioned on BBC Radio 3 (including his composition "Gumboots"): he was referred to as South African.
 * According to Bruce's website, he was born in Stamford, Connecticut and grew up in England. Noahfgodard (talk) 23:59, 15 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Bruce (composer)


text:
There Is a Song

There is a Song is the seventh album from The Free Design, released in 1972. After feeling that they had reached a dead end with their albums on the Project 3 label, they left to record for a smaller label in upstate New York called Ambrotype. The album also coincided with Chris Dedrick's move from Maryland to Toronto, where he and his sisters, who comprised the rest of the group, were mentored by Canadian musician and philosopher Kenneth G. Mills. Some tracks were recorded in Rochester and some in Toronto. It was the last album the group recorded until Cosmic Peekaboo nearly 30 years later, and was extremely rare until its reissue on CD by Light in the Attic Records.

Track listing

 * 1) "Canada in Springtime" (Chris Dedrick)
 * 2) "Kum Ba Yah" (Traditional)
 * 3) "Peter, Paul and Mary" (Chris Dedrick)
 * 4) "Pineapple, Crabapple" (Sandra Zynczak/John Hoover)
 * 5) "The Symbols Ring" (Chris Dedrick)
 * 6) "Stay" (Ellen Dedrick Griffin)
 * 7) "I Wanna Be There" (Chris Dedrick)
 * 8) "There is a Song" (Chris Dedrick)
 * 9) "A Child is Born"
 * 10) "Love Does Not Die" (Chris Dedrick)
 * 11) "Chorale" (Chris Dedrick)
 * 12) "Fugue" (Chris Dedrick)

title: There Is a Song


text:
Talk:David Malin

Off topic
This article goes into great detail of photographic techniques but it should really be focusing on David Malin. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:04, 20 February 2007 (UTC).

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on David Malin. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160816153659/http://www1.rmit.edu.au/browse/Staff%2FWorkplace%20essentials%2FStrategy,%20planning%20and%20governance%2FStrategy%20and%20Governance%2FUniversity%20Secretariat%2FInformation%20and%20Services%2FHonorary%20Titles%2FHonorary%20Degree%20Recipients/ to http://www1.rmit.edu.au/browse/Staff%2FWorkplace%20essentials%2FStrategy,%20planning%20and%20governance%2FStrategy%20and%20Governance%2FUniversity%20Secretariat%2FInformation%20and%20Services%2FHonorary%20Titles%2FHonorary%20Degree%20Recipients/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:55, 14 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Malin


text:
Talk:Dave Mackay

Image copyright problem with Image:Billy Bremner Dave Mackay.jpg
The image Image:Billy Bremner Dave Mackay.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --12:43, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

Parenthesis
The parenthesis in the title seems weird. Are there other Dave Mackays that are not footballers so it needs clarification? If not, could it just be born 1934 and the other changed to 1980? StarryReflections (talk) 23:45, 6 February 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Dave Mackay. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150328090425/http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/hall-of-fame/profiles/entry/dave-mackay/ to http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/hall-of-fame/profiles/entry/dave-mackay/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:25, 7 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Dave Mackay. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150306190317/http://www.nottinghampost.com/Dave-Mackay-legendary-hard-man-Forest-manager/story-26109886-detail/story.html to http://www.nottinghampost.com/Dave-Mackay-legendary-hard-man-Forest-manager/story-26109886-detail/story.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20170227150934/http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scotland_fixture_archive.cfm?page=2886 to http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scotland_fixture_archive.cfm?page=2886

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:11, 9 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dave Mackay


text:
Slankamen

Slankamen may refer to:

 * Stari Slankamen ("Old Slankamen"), a village in Vojvodina, Serbia
 * Novi Slankamen ("New Slankamen"), a village in Vojvodina, Serbia
 * Battle of Slankamen, during the Great Turkish War in 1691

title: Slankamen


text:
concertar

Etymology
Probably from.

Verb

 * 1)  to arrange, to set up, to organize
 * 2)  to set, to agree on

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to agree
 * 2) to arrange

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to arrange, to set up
 * 2) to agree

title: concertar


text:
Ester Soldi

Ester Soldi (born 15 February 1970 in Varese, Italy) is an Italian dressage rider. Representing Italy, she competed at the 2014 World Equestrian Games and at three European Dressage Championships (in 2011, 2013 and 2015).

Her current best championship result is 12th place in team dressage at the 2013 Europeans held in Herning while her current best individual result is 59th place accomplished at the 2011 European Championship in Rotterdam.

title: Ester Soldi


text:
Talk:2012 Trans-Tasman Champions League

Untitled
This should be moved to an article on the "Trans-Tasman Champions League" in general, rather than the 2012 tournament specifically.

title: Talk:2012 Trans-Tasman Champions League


text:
homomultimer

Noun

 * 1)  A multimeric protein consisting of two or more identical components.

Derived terms

 * homomultimerization
 * homomultimerization

title: homomultimer


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cynthia Bach

The result was delete. Tone 09:28, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

Cynthia Bach

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Not notable per WP:ARTIST or as a business person. Extremely weak sourcing, mainly to trade magazines which are themselves a form of advertising. The creator has removed the PROD I added, together with some of the promotional language, all the unremarkable awards, and some of the weakest sources, which is nice, but I don't see that they have replaced the sources with anything better. The exhibitions don't confer notability either, unless I'm missing something — I don't see any mention of Bach in any of the four sources offered in the "Exhibitions" section. Having an exhibit at the Smithsonion does of course sound impressive, but it turns out to mean a single piece, donated by the biographee. Bishonen | tålk 14:01, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Artists-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 14:17, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete Like the nom, all I could find of note was this item in the Smithsonian natural history museum collection. The fact that the piece in the Smithsonian was donated isn't that significant, as it's a two-way street: museums do not accept donations of items they are not interested in. If they did, everyone would donate to them and their collections would be full of junk. In any case it is not enough. I saw no independent secondary coverage; all I could find was fluffy promotional copy. ThatMontrealIP (talk) 16:33, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Leaning Keep - what does a contemporary jeweller have to do to be notable, I wonder? In this area "fluffy promotional copy" is about all there is - as with clothes designers. The Alumni magazine piece is long, & I think adequately independent. It also shows a pic of a shortish piece in People magazine.  Johnbod (talk) 16:42, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I agree she is not entirely unknown. But there isn't enough coverage in my view. Regarding the alumni magazine, have you ever seen a profile in any alumni magazine that was negative? They are always fluffy and promotional. Alumni magazines exist to paint a beautiful picture of graduates, with the ultimate goal of soliciting donations to the school.ThatMontrealIP (talk) 16:49, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Of course alumni magazines, like most colour magazines, are nearly always positive, but in terms of notability there's the people they choose to cover, vesrus all they others they don't. Johnbod (talk) 17:44, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Request: "Bach has been featured in multiple fashion magazines and museum exhibitions." Feature is a verb much loved by Wikipedia editors and, it has often seemed to me, almost devoid of meaning. If her work has been critically described in those fashion mags or displayed in museum collections, then I'd expect to see editorial/curatorial commentary summarized (and, where appropriate, quoted) within the article. Question (perhaps just idle curiosity): I'd lazily assumed that the creators of order-made jewelry both designed it and made it. She's described as (co-) designer and there seems to be no mention of the fabrication; are the designs implemented in some factory in China or similar? -- Hoary (talk) 00:07, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Hoary, the problem is that in this branch of the applied arts, there is no editorial or curatorial structure and its basically seen now as a wing of the fashion industry, hence the promo guff mentioned above. But that's not to say the creators or their work lack intrinsic merit, its just that is hard to judge relative value given the lack of informed, critical evaluation. Ceoil  (talk) 00:19, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * For the record I am also Leaning Keep, but still thinking, your question re fabrication is important. Ceoil  (talk) 00:22, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Maybe you have already concluded this, but I don't think it's possible to assess this in terms of the typical art circuit (curators, exhibitions, critics), as she seems to have only had two exhibitions. One of the shows was a touring show that went to three museums. All in all, I would say she's a commercial jeweller who has had some minor/limited exposure in the art and culture world. That would account for the lack of critical commentary. You might also notice that the Smithsonian piece is not in the Art part of the institution, but rather in the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Re: fabrication of the work by the artists, this isn't that important, methinks. Henry Moore's studio assistants produced much of his work, as is extremely common in contemporary art practice. And she is a craftsperson providing product to Neiman Marcus, so it makes sense that she would have some kind of production line going. ThatMontrealIP (talk) 04:11, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * , I'm not knocking her achievements; I just don't see evidence for these. I confess to not having read the alumni magazine profile: it's impossibly gushy. I'm happy to ignore the gush/guff; but are there no intelligent, palatable alternatives? -- Hoary (talk) 05:51, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of California-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 10:34, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Visual arts-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 10:34, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Women-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 10:34, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete. For all I know, she may be highly noteworthy; but the only evidence so far offered for this has been PR stuff (yes, including the university alumni magazine). -- Hoary (talk) 02:32, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete The available sources are promotional and not sufficient to demonstrate notability. Something that isn't simply advertising for her brand might be useful to demonstrate notability, if such a source exists.JohnmgKing (talk) 19:50, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete somewhat regretfully. Re Hoary above - "I'm not knocking her achievements; I just don't see evidence for these.". Ceoil  (talk) 22:32, 21 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
ERG4

ERG4 or Delta(24(24(1)))-sterol reductase or Delta(24(28))-sterol reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the last step of ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast), which 5,7,22,24(28)-ergostatetraenol converted into ergosterol.

title: ERG4


text:
Juice (trio)

Juice are a British a cappella voice trio, specialising in vocals with an experimental edge. They have performed their works on BBC Radio 3 and Classic FM. They also perform widely across the United Kingdom.

The current members are:
 * Kerry Andrew, alto
 * Sarah Dacey, soprano
 * Anna Snow, soprano

All are graduates of the University of York.

Awards
Independent Music Awards 2012: Songspin - Best Contemporary Classical Album

title: Juice (trio)


text:
Phasi Charoen MRT station

Phasi Charoen station (สถานีภาษีเจริญ, ) is a Bangkok MRT rapid transit station served by Blue Line, located above Phet Kasem Road, in Bangkok, Thailand.

The station is close to Soi Phet Kasem 54 where Phasi Charoen District Office is situated and it has a connection to the shopping mall Seacon Bangkae by elevated pathway.

title: Phasi Charoen MRT station


text:
MediaWiki:Movenologintext

You cannot move pages because you are either not logged in, blocked from editing, or your account is too new. Please do not attempt to "move" the page via copying and pasting its content, as that destroys the page history.

title: MediaWiki:Movenologintext


text:
Talk:ladies'

ladies'
Thought we weren't having these possessive cases. What is our policy? bd2412 T 03:49, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

 * We never voted on it. I think the expectation was that a bot would fill out the American English plural possessive forms like this, as well as the British English forms like ladies's.  But nothing was decided one way or the other.  --Connel MacKenzie 20:43, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

 * (By the way, ladies's is not acceptable in UK English. Widsith 08:40, 3 July 2007 (UTC)}

 * It was established pretty clearly that 's does not actually decline a noun, but is instead a clitic. That's what I thought, anyway...  And surely the same applies to the plural form as well? -- Visviva 04:28, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

Could we start a vote to get rid of these? Otherwise, we’ll end up with entries like of’s… † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 14:33, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, please do. DAVilla 17:55, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Vote started Votes/pl-2007-07/exclusion of possessive case or go to WT:VOTE.--Williamsayers79 08:54, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for that William Sayers. † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 13:17, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Isn't this sometimes used to refer to the ladies' restroom? I'll see if I can't find some cites for that... -- Visviva 11:59, 5 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Although grammatically incorrect, I'm not certain I've ever seen toilets for adult females referred to as other than "ladies" (similarly I don't recall seeing "gent's" or "gentlemen's"). Thryduulf 20:39, 5 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I've added that sense with cites, so keep that. Also I !vote to keep the regular sense, the theory that this is "not a word" is rather obscure and not something that an ESL speaker is likely to appreciate. Kappa 06:11, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:ladies'


text:
George Tufnell

George Forster Tufnell (1723–1798), was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons in two parliaments between 1761 and 1780. Tufnell was the son of Samuel Tufnell MP of Monken Hadley, Hertfordshire and Langleys, Essex and his wife Elizabeth Cressener, daughter of George Cressener of Earl's Colne, Essex. He married firstly Elizabeth Forster daughter of Richard Forster of Forest, county Dublin on  11 February  1744. They were divorced by Act of Parliament on 9 June 1758.

Tufnell succeeded his brother John Jolliffe Tufnell as Member of Parliament for Beverley in the 1761 general election. In 1767 he made a second marriage to Mary Farhill, daughter of John Farhill of Chichester, Sussex. He did not stand in 1768, but he contested Beverley again at the by-election of 1772. He was beaten by large majority as apparently he only declared himself a candidate shortly before the poll began. However, in the 1774 general election he was elected MP for Beverley with a comfortable majority. In 1779 he planned to stand in a by-election at Middlesex, but was not allowed to resign. He did not stand at the general election of 1780.

Tufnell died on 10 July 1798. His son, William, was later MP for Colchester.

title: George Tufnell


text:
User:Mason C Bennett/Evaluate an Article

Evaluate an article
This is where you will complete your article evaluation. Please use the template below to evaluate your selected article.

 * Name of article: Nyarlathotep (short story)
 * Briefly describe why you have chosen this article to evaluate: My reasons for evaluating the short story "Nyarlathotep" are twofold. I take great personal interest in the work of Howard Phillips Lovecraft, a twentieth-century author whom many refer as a major proponent of supernatural and cosmic horror, but Lovecraft is often criticized for the xenophobic and often racist values expressed in his fiction. Since the course focuses predominantly on matters of race and conceptions of the "other" in twentieth-century American literature, I thought it would be worth investigating his work from an academic perspective.

Lead

 * Guiding questions

 * Does the Lead include an introductory sentence that concisely and clearly describes the article's topic? Yes.
 * Does the Lead include a brief description of the article's major sections? No.
 * Does the Lead include information that is not present in the article? Yes.
 * Is the Lead concise or is it overly detailed? The Lead is concise if not underdeveloped and lacking in greater detail.

Content

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article's content relevant to the topic? Yes.
 * Is the content up-to-date? Yes.
 * Is there content that is missing or content that does not belong? Yes, the article lacks content specific to the analysis of the work's implicit themes and meanings.

Tone and Balance

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article neutral? Yes.
 * Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position? No.
 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented? Analysis of the work's themes and merits with relevance to the subject of its themes is sufficiently lacking.
 * Does the article attempt to persuade the reader in favor of one position or away from another? No.

Sources and References

 * Guiding questions

 * Are all facts in the article backed up by a reliable secondary source of information? Yes.
 * Are the sources thorough - i.e. Do they reflect the available literature on the topic? Yes.
 * Are the sources current? Yes, as of 2018.
 * Check a few links. Do they work? Yes.

Organization

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article well-written - i.e. Is it concise, clear, and easy to read? The article is concise and straightforward in its presentation.
 * Does the article have any grammatical or spelling errors? None.
 * Is the article well-organized - i.e. broken down into sections that reflect the major points of the topic? The article relies primarily on its sections concerning background and plot summary with little attention given to literary analysis or reflections on the work's relationship to twentieth-century or contemporary material.

Images and Media

 * Guiding questions

 * Does the article include images that enhance understanding of the topic? No.
 * Are images well-captioned? N/A
 * Do all images adhere to Wikipedia's copyright regulations? N/A
 * Are the images laid out in a visually appealing way? N/A

Checking the talk page

 * Guiding questions

 * What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic? None.
 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects? The article is part of WikiProject Horror and WikiProject Novels.
 * How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class? There is no discussion presently on this article.

Overall impressions

 * Guiding questions

 * What is the article's overall status? This article has been rated as Stub-Class.
 * What are the article's strengths? It provides an effective summary of the work's plot and background.
 * How can the article be improved? It should include more content analyzing the work's themes and addressing its worth to other discussions of those themes.
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User:Caliene/sandbox

= Aymeric Harter = Aymeric Harter ( born October 17, 1990) is an french actor known for Bad Banks and Dreamland. He is also an music composer, and created in 2020 an Jazz album called Maintain

Biography
Aymeric Harter was born in Thionville, to Anne (née Frentz), an nurse, and Francis Harter, a smithlocker. He graduated from university at Metz University, and got in first position, making of him in 2008 : the best IT of North east of France. He started to learn Krav Maga, Muai Thai and Jiu Jitsu, improving his skills in close combat. Next to that, he started a volunteer career as Firefighter and got major of his promotion in all division(sports,fire dept, health dept & oral). At the age of 25, he decided to give a new turn to his life, living computing science for acting. Without theater lessons he started and learn directly on set, how to play, and started a career.

During 2018, Aymeric developped a rare disease called guillain barre syndrome which disabled his legs for months but he is now fully recovered.

Career
Aymeric started his acting career in 2015 on Youtube with french Youtubers NEXUS VI. Afterwards he appeared in many films and TV productions like Bad Banks Season 2 on Netflix & Dreamland, he also played in different tv ads in Luxemburg.

Besides acting, aymeric is giving his voice for different Cartoon, and ads on TV.

He also produce an Jazz album called maintain.

Filmography

 * Bad Banks Season 2
 * Dreamland
 * Black47

title: User:Caliene/sandbox


text:
Talk:David Izonritei

POV
There was large amounts of POV in this article before I removed it. I believe it was a copy and paste job from some sort of boxing biog. Scar ian Talk  04:09, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Izonritei


text:
Catherine Beattie (politician)

Catherine Beattie (née McDonald) (April 5, 1921 – September 24, 2014) was an American farmer and politician.

Early life
Beattie was born in Danville, Vermont. She went to the Danville public schools and graduated from Danville High School in 1938.

Career
Beattie served in the Vermont House of Representatives in 1965 and 1966 and was a Democrat.

Personal life
Beattie married Harold Beattie and was the co-owner of the McDonald Farm. Her daughters Jane Kitchel and Catherine Toll also served in the Vermont General Assembly.

She died at her home at the McDonald Farm in Danville, Vermont.

title: Catherine Beattie (politician)


text:
The Woman Next Door (1981 film)

The Woman Next Door is a 1981 French romantic drama film directed by François Truffaut. Reminiscent of the medieval legend of Tristan and Iseult but set among young middle-class people in a provincial city, it tells the story of a fatal romance between a loving husband (Gérard Depardieu) and the attractive woman (Fanny Ardant) who moves in next door. The last of Truffaut's serious films, being followed by the more light-hearted Vivement dimanche!, it was the 39th highest-grossing film of the year, with a total of 1,087,600 admissions in France.

Plot
Bernard lives happily with his wife Arlette and young son Thomas in a village outside Grenoble. One day a married couple, Philippe and Mathilde, move into the house next door. Bernard and Mathilde are shocked at meeting each other because years before, when both single, they had a stormy affair that ended painfully. At first Bernard avoids Mathilde, until a chance meeting in a supermarket reawakens long-buried passions and soon, while openly good neighbours, in secret they pursue an affair. Though both find the strain of living their normal family and working lives unbearable, it is Bernard who cracks first. After publicly revealing his violent passion for Mathilde at a garden party, he keeps away from her and the two households try to get on with their lives. But the rejected Mathilde then cracks and, after publicly collapsing at the tennis club, is hospitalised with depression. When she is released, she finds that to get far away from Bernard her husband has moved them out of the village. One night Bernard is woken by a banging shutter on the empty house next door and gets up to investigate. In the house, he spots Mathilde in the darkness. After they have made love on the bare floor, taking a gun out of her handbag she shoots first him and then herself.

Cast

 * Gérard Depardieu as Bernard Coudray
 * Fanny Ardant as Mathilde Bauchard
 * Henri Garcin as Philippe Bauchard
 * Michèle Baumgartner as Arlette Coudray
 * Roger Van Hool as Roland Duguet
 * Véronique Silver as Madame Odile Jouve
 * Philippe Morier-Genoud as doctor
 * Olivier Becquaert as Thomas Coudray

title: The Woman Next Door (1981 film)


text:
George W. Bush shoeing incident

On 14 December 2008, Iraqi journalist Muntadhar al-Zaidi removed his shoes and threw them at United States president George W. Bush during a joint press conference with Iraqi prime minister Nouri al-Maliki in Baghdad, Iraq. Bush quickly ducked, avoiding being hit by either of the shoes. The second shoe collided with a U.S. flag positioned behind Bush. Al-Zaidi was subsequently grabbed, kicked, and removed from the room by security.

Al-Zaidi received a three-year prison sentence, which was reduced by two years. On 15 September 2009, after nine months of imprisonment, he was released early as he had no prior criminal record.

There have since been many other shoeing incidents on an international scale.

Event
During a 14 December 2008 press conference at the prime minister's palace in Baghdad, Iraq, Iraqi journalist Muntadhar al-Zaidi threw both of his shoes at United States president George W. Bush. Bush was scheduled to leave office roughly five weeks later, following the inauguration of his successor Barack Obama. As he threw his first shoe, al-Zaidi yelled "This is a farewell kiss from the Iraqi people, dog", in Arabic. Bush ducked twice to avoid being hit by the shoes, and Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki attempted to catch one of the shoes to protect him. Al-Zaidi was pulled to the floor before being grabbed by Maliki's guards, kicked, and rushed out of the room. White House Press Secretary Dana Perino was hit in the face by a microphone boom knocked over by a presidential bodyguard, resulting in a black eye. Bush said that some Iraqi reporters had apologized to him. "Thanks for apologizing on behalf of the Iraqi people. It doesn't bother me", he said. "If you want the facts, it's a size 10 shoe that he threw." When asked about the incident by another reporter, Bush said, "It's a way for people to draw attention. I don't know what the guy's cause was. I didn't feel the least bit threatened by it." When later asked to reflect on the incident, Bush said, "I didn't have much time to reflect on anything, I was ducking and dodging. I'm not angry with the system. I believe that a free society is emerging, and a free society is necessary for our own security and peace." Perino said: "I don't think that you can take one guy throwing his shoe as representative of the people of Iraq."

Al-Zaidi was initially held by the prime minister's guards and was later turned over to the Iraqi army's Baghdad command. The command handed him over to the Iraqi judiciary. Hundreds of Iraqis took to the streets to demand his release. Al-Zaidi could have faced charges of insulting a foreign leader and the Iraqi prime minister. A conviction of these charges could have carried a sentence of up to two years in prison or a small fine, although he would have been unlikely to face the maximum penalty given his newfound "cult status" in the Arab world, according to a Middle-East observer. An Iraqi lawyer stated that al-Zaidi was likely to get at least two years in prison if he was prosecuted. Al-Zaidi went before a judge on December 17, 2008. He declined to be represented by Khalil al-Duleimi, who defended the late Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein before his execution, and also said that he wanted to be represented by an Iraqi lawyer. "I will introduce myself as his lawyer and demand the case be closed, and Muntader be released because he did not commit a crime," said Dheyaa al-Saadi, al-Zaidi's lawyer and head of the Iraqi Bar Association. "He only freely expressed himself to the occupier, and he has such a right according to international law." On December 17, 2008, al-Zaidi appeared privately before a judge from within the Green Zone.

Context
Shoes are considered unclean in the Arab World. Effigies of many United States presidents had long appeared with shoes on them all over the Middle East. Matthew Cassel of The Electronic Intifada in the context of the "Bush shoeing" incident has expressed the opinion that the Western media overplayed the phenomenon as being "Arab" in particular.

Reaction
Following the incident, The New York Times reported that Al-Zaidi was embraced around the Arab world. Al-Zaidi found support from his employer, Awn Hussain Al Khashlok, thousands of protesters in Iraq, some Iraqi politicians,  people in Syria, a charity in Libya, and from "around 200 lawyers" including some U.S. citizens. Al-Zaidi's action was criticised by the government of Nouri al-Maliki. After the incident the office of Nouri al-Maliki criticised al-Zaidi's action and "demanded" an on-air apology from Al-Baghdadia TV. Al-Baghdadia TV issued a statement demanding al-Zaidi's release: "Al-Baghdadia television demands that the Iraqi authorities immediately release their stringer Muntadhar al-Zaidi, in line with the democracy and freedom of expression that the American authorities promised the Iraqi people on the ousting of former Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein.... Any measures against Muntadar will be considered the acts of a dictatorial regime."

In Tikrit, a 3 m copper statue was dedicated to his action as a monument. It had his shoe's shape and an honouring poem as an inscription. It was designed by Laith al-Amari. The statue was taken down according to police order shortly after erection. Al-Zaidi has been named as the world's third most powerful Arab, in the Arabian Business Power 100 list 2009.

A joke that was made amongst Iraqis stated that then Prime Minister, Nouri al-Maliki, should be "called up" to the national football team as a goalkeeper as his attempt of blocking the shoe was made "masterfully".

In September 2009, London-based artist Pawel Waniewski created ‘Proud Shoes’ in tribute to Muntazer al-Zaidi's ‘shoe flying' incident. Waniewski's tribute to Mr. al-Zaidi’s was a 21kg bronze piece of art depicting the thrown shoes, completely gilded in 24 carat gold.

On 3 March 2010, Blancox, a Colombian detergent manufacturer made an advertisement out of the shoe-throwing incident, by replacing the shoes with beautiful bouquets of flowers to signify 'fabric freshness and softness treasured in it'.

Malcolm Smart of Amnesty International said "the Iraqi authorities have a duty to investigate all allegations of torture or other ill-treatment of Muntadhar al-Zaidi and to prosecute any persons alleged to be responsible for such abuses. The Iraqi authorities should also disclose his whereabouts, ensure that he is permitted prompt and regular access to legal counsel, his family and to any medical attention he requires, and safeguard him from torture or other ill-treatment," he added.

Reporters Without Borders expressed its "regret that [al-Zaidi] used this method of protest against the politics of the American president". It said that "[al-Zaidi] was clearly injured during his arrest" and called for him to be released from custody. It referred to Bush's "relaxed way" of speaking about the incident as a reason for "leniency".

The International Federation of Journalists has said al-Zaidi should be released for humanitarian reasons. "Given the controversy surrounding this incident, we urge the Iraqi security services to guarantee the physical well-being of this journalist, who was clearly injured during his arrest," the statement said. The IFJ said the incident "reflected deep anger at the treatment of Iraqi civilians during US occupation over the past four years of which journalists have been major victims" and that "the journalist might be under threat while in detention "given the record of mistreatment of journalists in custody by US forces."

The Arab Lawyers Union has called for a fair trial for the journalist, with the support of both the Arab League and the Egyptian government. "We urge all human rights organizations and the international society to help save the life of the Iraqi journalist and prevent any physical assault that may target him," union head Sameh Ashour said.

The Lebanese television channel NTV offered a job to al-Zaidi. NTV said that if al-Zaidi accepted the job offer, that he would be paid "from the moment the first shoe was thrown".

Al-Zaidi's family turned down an invitation by the Venezuelan president to come and live in the Latin American country. "We are grateful to President Hugo Chávez. However we are Iraqis, we live in Iraq," Oudai al-Zaidi said speaking on the behalf of his family.

On 15 December 2008, the Libyan charity group Wa Attasimou headed by Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi's daughter Aicha gave al-Zaidi a bravery award. The group urged for al-Zaidi's release.

In Syria, al-Zaidi was "hailed as a hero". The Malaysian Foreign Minister Rais Yatim praised the incident, calling it the "best show of retaliation so far". A commentary in the North Korean newspaper Minju Chosun said Bush "deserved" the shoe throwing incident as a result of "failed policy in Iraq".

Al-Zaidi has also been offered a six-door Mercedes, had a song written about him by Shaaban Abdel Rahim, had his incident reconstructed in an Afghan comedy sketch, and been offered the hand of a man's 20-year-old daughter in marriage. The young woman Amal Saad Gumaa said she likes the idea of being attached to a man she finds so honorable.

On 29 December 2008, activists at the Iraqi consulate in Washington, D.C. delivered a petition calling for the release of al-Zaidi. "If he had wanted to hurt George Bush, he would have chosen a different weapon," a member of Code Pink said. "We want the Iraqi government and the world to know that there is a very good sentiment for him to be set free," said Nick Mottern, director of Consumers for Peace.

The incident has inspired several online shoe-throwing games, including Sock and Awe.

The Late Show with David Letterman "Great Moments in Presidential Speeches" segment included flying shoes aimed at other presidents (via digitally-altered stock footage).

The Turkish company believed to have made the shoes thrown at Bush, Ramazan Baydan, experienced a surge in sales. Orders for 300,000 pairs were received in one week. A Saudi businessman offered US$10 million to buy the shoes thrown by al-Zaidi. There were also calls from throughout the Middle East to place the shoes in an Iraqi museum. The shoe, Ducati Model 271, first renamed "The Bush Shoe" and later "The Bye-Bye Bush Shoe", is manufactured by the Baydan Shoe Company in Istanbul. However, a producer in Lebanon suggested that it might have made them instead. Many shoes in Iraq are also made in China. Even so, al-Zaidi's brother insisted that the shoes were made in Baghdad by a highly-reputable firm named Alaa Haddad. On 18 December 2008, Iraqi and American security agents looking for explosives examined and then destroyed the shoes.

A book called The Last Salute to President Bush was written about the event.

Mahesh Bhatt produced a play entitled The Last Salute, directed by Indian director Arvind Gaur and starring Imran Zahid. It was written by Rajesh Kumar and based on Muntadhar al-Zaidi's book. Pooja Bhatt and Mahesh Bhatt announced the making of a film based on the play. "Bush-Maliki News Conference. Baghdad, December 2008", a drawing by Dmitry Borshch, has been exhibited at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, DePaul University, Brecht Forum and is included in the Catalog of American Portraits, maintained by the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery (United States).

Al-Zaidi
According to witnesses, al-Zaidi was "severely beaten" by security officers after he had been dragged out of the room following the shoe-throwing incident. As the man's screaming could be heard outside, Bush said "That's what people do in a free society, draw attention to themselves." A "large blood trail" could be seen on the carpet where al-Zaidi had been dragged by security agents. Dawa-owned Afaq TV reported that security forces kicked al-Zaidi and beat him. His family reports that they have received many threatening phone calls. The United States Secret Service and the Iraqi Police took custody of al-Zaidi. Al-Zaidi was tested for alcohol and drugs, and his shoes were confiscated as evidence. Al-Zaidi was interrogated by Iraqi and U.S. agents to ascertain whether anyone paid him to throw his shoes at Bush. In an interview with BBC News, al-Zaidi's brother, Durgham al-Zaidi, reported that Muntadhar al-Zaidi suffered a broken hand, broken ribs, internal bleeding, and an eye injury. Durgham al-Zaidi told Al Jazeera that his brother was tortured. Al-Baghdadia TV said that al-Zaidi was "seriously injured" during his detention. Al Sharqiya also points to signs of injury on his thighs and an immobile right arm. However, a different brother, Maitham al-Zaidi, spoke with Muntadhar on the phone and was told: "Thank God I am in good health." On Friday, 19December, Dhia al-Kinani, the judge investigating the case, said there were signs al-Zaidi had been beaten; al-Zaidi had bruises on his face and around his eyes. The judge also said al-Zaidi had not yet raised a formal charge relating to his injuries. His lawyer, Dhiya'a al-Sa'adi, has also confirmed that al-Zaidi had been beaten, stating that "there are visible signs of torture on his body".

Timeline

 * On 14 December 2008, the shoe-throwing incident took place, culminating in al-Zaidi's arrest.
 * On 15 December 2008, hundreds of Iraqis marched in Baghdad to demand his release. Crowds gathered in Sadr City district of Baghdad and called for "hero" Muntadhar al-Zaidi to be freed from custody. There were similar scenes in Najaf. The demonstrators in Sadr City and Najaf alluded to the shoes. Participants in Sadr City "waved shoes attached to long poles," and those in Najaf threw their shoes at a passing United States military convoy.  The "vast majority" of viewers of al-Baghdadia who telephoned to the station in order to express their opinions said that they approved al-Zaidi's actions.
 * On 17 December 2008, a group of Iraqi lawmakers demanded that the legislature take up the issue of the detained journalist. Aqeel Abdul Hussain, head of the Sadrist bloc, said that lawmakers had a duty to stand up for the detained journalist. "Some of the members support the government, but we have to admit that there was a mistake in the procedures under which he was arrested," said a spokesman for Parliament Speaker Mashhadani. "And we also must condemn the fact that he was beaten," he added. The session of Parliament ended without a consensus on what action to take regarding the reporter.
 * On 18 December 2008, a spokesman for Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki said that al-Zaidi wrote a letter to Maliki expressing regret for his actions and asking for a pardon. Dhargham al-Zaidi claims that his brother was severely beaten after being taken into Iraqi custody. On December 17, Amnesty International called on Iraqi authorities to disclose the whereabouts of al-Zaidi and investigate all allegations of torture or other ill-treatment. Judge Dhia al-Kinani, the magistrate investigating the incident, said the court has opened a probe into al-Zaidi's alleged beating. Dhiaa al-Saadi, head of the Iraqi Bar Association, said that, according to court documents, the reporter's face and body were bruised. "The investigation process is now under way in mysterious circumstances," al-Zaidi's brother Uday said.
 * On December 19, 2008, thirty of al-Zaidi's family members staged a rally outside the "Green Zone," which houses the Iraqi government and the prison where al-Zaidi was being held. In response to an apology letter that al-Zaidi was said to have written, al-Zaidi's brother Uday stated that the apology was "not a real one. If they [the government] want an apology, they must first release him so he can do it freely and not under pressure." Um Saad, al-Zaidi's sister, said that al-Zaidi "would never apologize for insulting the man who occupied our country". She also said that "nothing is known about... his condition, but he did nothing wrong. On the contrary, he pleased everyone. Bush is an occupier and he is the source of all the orphans and all the widows in Iraq." Bahaa al-Araji, a Sadrist MP, said journalist Muntathir al-Zaidi plans to press charges against the people who he says beat him. "We know that the judges themselves feel for him... tomorrow we will submit a formal request that Zaidi should be allowed visits by his family," he also said. "We should call him Muntathar al Iraqi — not Muntathar al-Zaidi; all of Iraq is his tribe now," a leader in the Sons of Iraq movement said of al-Zaidi.
 * On December 20, 2008, it was reported that the letter that al-Zaidi is said to have written to Nouri al-Maliki apologizes only to Maliki and not to George W. Bush. Al-Zaidi said he had no remorse for throwing his shoes at Bush and "added that he would repeat his actions if he sees him again, because Bush's forces have killed many of Iraq's children". In a written statement to the judge, al-Zaidi said that he expected to be killed by Bush's bodyguards after hurling his first shoe. "It seemed that his bodyguards were not on full alert at the time[;] that was how I managed to throw the second shoe," al-Zaidi explained. Hundreds of protesters gathered in a park opposite the Green Zone to protest the treatment of al-Zaidi. Heavily armed Iraqi soldiers surrounded the small park and Iraqi Army helicopters circled overhead as the demonstrators were ordered to leave. "I have told them I won’t move anywhere unless it is to my grave," said al-Zaidi's brother, Uday. Sunnis and Shiites held signs describing al-Zaidi as "the son of Iraq" and "the humiliator of the occupiers". A few Iraqi soldiers ate food offered to them.
 * On December 21, 2008, al-Zaidi claimed he was physically coerced and that he would never apologize to President Bush no matter what the consequences. "Muntadhar said that he was forced to apologize to Al-Maliki and he will never, never apologize to Bush, even if they cut him into small pieces," al-Zaidi's brother Uday told the Los Angeles Times. Al-Zaidi's brother claimed his journalist brother had lost a tooth and his nose had required stitches because of the beatings he had suffered while in custody. "There were multiple bruises all over his body," he said. "There were cigarette burns behind his ears. He was beaten with metal rods. His eyes were swollen. They have assigned two medical doctors ... to provide him with treatment in order to hide the evidence of torture." Al-Zaidi's brother said his jailers periodically demanded he "confess" that he had been ordered to commit the act by enemies of the prime minister, but that a letter to the prime minister written by him from jail expressing regret for the attack was not said to have been ordered. Maliki reiterated that Zaidi's television station should renounce the act of al-Zaidi, and also suggested, without providing any names, that "a person urged him to commit this act, and this person is known to us as a person who beheads people". U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice argued that Iraq is a democracy and that "history always shows these things differently than today’s news." An Iranian deputy minister called for al-Zaidi's release.
 * On December 22, 2008, al-Zaidi's lawyer Dhiya'a al-Sa'adi also confirmed that al-Zaidi had been beaten and that al-Zaidi said he would never apologize to President Bush. Abdulsattar al-Berikdar, a spokesman of the Iraqi Supreme Judicial Council, said the court was not investigating allegations of torture because al-Zaidi did not ask to be "submitted to a medical committee and did not tell the judge that he was tortured or register a complaint against anyone." Hajar Smouni, a spokesperson for Doha Center for Media Freedom in Qatar, argued that al-Zaidi should be given access to medical care and a fair trial. Smouni said it was positive he met a lawyer, but said it is worrying "that he is to be tried at the Central Criminal Court of Iraq, because that is a court used to try terrorism suspects".
 * On December 23, 2008, the Iraqi Parliament accepted the resignation of its speaker, Mahmoud al-Mashhadani. Part of the controversy for his resignation began with his refusing to allow discussion of the fate of Muntadhar al-Zaidi. The speaker described al-Zaidi as "the pride" of Iraq and said that his "best friends" were currently being detained by the United States military for ties to the insurgency. "I weep for the state of Iraq," he told the Iraqi Parliament in his resignation.
 * On January 16, 2009, al-Zaidi's brother visited him for 2 hours and Iraqi prison guards threw him a surprise birthday party.
 * On January 19, 2009, the Swiss newspaper Tribune de Geneve reported that al-Zaidi was seeking political asylum in Switzerland, where his lawyer said he might work as a journalist at the United Nations.
 * On January 28, 2009, Muntadhar al-Zaidi cast his vote from prison.
 * On January 29, 2009, A monument of a shoe was erected in honor of Muntadhar al-Zaidi in an orphanage in Tikrit. The orphans helped to build the structure.
 * On January 30, 2009, the monument that was erected in honor of Muntadhar al-Zaidi was taken down after requests from the central government. Iraqi police visited the location to make sure that the shoe monument was removed. "We will not allow anyone to use the government facilities and buildings for political motives," Abdullah Jabara, deputy governor of Salaheddin argued. Faten Abdulqader al-Naseri, the orphanage director, said "Those orphans who helped the sculptor in building this monument were the victims of Bush's war. The shoe monument is a gift to the next generation to remember the heroic action by the journalist."
 * On February 19, 2009, al-Zaidi told the Baghdad Central Criminal Court that he acted spontaneously after listening to Bush praise the "achievements" made in Iraq: "While he was talking I was looking at all his achievements in my mind. More than a million killed, the destruction and humiliation of mosques, violations against Iraqi women, attacking Iraqis every day and every hour. A whole people are saddened because of his policy, and he was talking with a smile on his face – and he was joking with the prime minister and saying he was going to have dinner with him after the press conference. Believe me, I didn't see anything around me except Bush. I was blind to anything else. I felt the blood of the innocent people bleeding from beneath his feet and he was smiling in that way. And then he was going to have a dinner, after he destroyed one million martyrs, after he destroyed the country. So I reacted to this feeling by throwing my shoes. I couldn't stop the reaction inside me. It was spontaneous."
 * On February 20, 2009, al-Zaidi received a 90-minute trial by the Central Criminal Court of Iraq.
 * On March 12, 2009, he was sentenced to three years in prison for assaulting a foreign head of state during an official visit.
 * On April 7, the sentence was reduced to one year from three years.
 * On September 15, 2009, he was released for good behavior, after serving nine months of the sentence.

Trial and sentence
Al-Zaidi appeared before a judge on December 16, 2008, and admitted "aggression against a president". The court decided to keep him in custody. A spokesman for the Iraqi court said that al-Zaidi would face charges of attacking a head of state. Dheyaa al-Saadi, the head of the Iraqi Bar Association and one of its most high-profile attorneys, said that he had volunteered to defend al-Zaidi. Judge Dhiya al-Kenani said the court had refused the journalist's request for bail "for the sake of the investigation and for his own security". According to Abdul Satar Birqadr, spokesman for Iraq's High Judicial Council, al-Zaidi is charged with "assaulting a foreign head of state visiting Iraq."

On December 30, 2008, an Iraqi court said al-Zaidi's trial had been postponed pending an appeal over whether the incident amounted to assault or only insulting a foreign leader. A charge of assault would carry a maximum sentence of 15 years, while charges of insulting a foreign leader carry a maximum sentence of only 3 years. One of al-Zaidi's lawyers said he expected a lengthy trial and a sentence of no less than three years if al-Zaidi is convicted. Dhargham al-Zaidi, said his family would turn to an international court if they found the Iraqi jurisdiction system "biased and unfair." In January 2009, al-Zaidi's lawyers petitioned Swiss authorities for political asylum, arguing that his life is at risk in Iraq.

The trial began before the Central Criminal Court of Iraq on February 20, 2009, which only lasted 90 minutes before being recessed. In testimony before the court, al-Zaidi described his growing frustration as Bush spoke about his victories and achievement at the press conference where the shoe was thrown. As Bush listed the gains made in Iraq during the mid-December news conference, al-Zaidi said he was thinking about the sanctity of mosques being violated, the rape of women, and daily humiliations. Al-Zaidi said Bush's "bloodless and soulless smile" and his joking banter provoked him. "I don't know what accomplishments he was talking about. The accomplishments I could see were the more than 1 million martyrs and a sea of blood. There are more than 5 million Iraqi orphans because of the occupation.... More than a million widows and more than 3 million displaced because of the occupation." al-Zaidi said. "I wanted to restore the pride of the Iraqis in any way possible, apart from using weapons." al-Zaidi said he was tortured, beaten and given electric shocks during his interrogation. Supporters who rallied in front of the court said al-Zaidi should be praised for standing up to Bush rather than punished for his actions. The trial resumed briefly on March 12, 2009, after which sentence was imposed.

Sentencing
On March 12, 2009, al-Zaidi was sentenced to three years of prison for assaulting a foreign leader; under the law he was charged under, he could have faced up to 15 years in prison for assaulting a visiting head of state during an official visit. His lawyers indicated they expect to appeal the sentence. Dhia Al Saadi, the head of Zaidi's defense team and the Iraqi Lawyers Syndicate, argued that "the court sessions should be made public according to the Iraqi penalties law. "This sentence is harsh and is not in harmony with the law, and eventually the defense team will contest this in the appeals court," Dhia Al Saadi further said. Court spokesman Abdul-Sattar Bayrkdar said al-Zaidi received the minimum prison sentence possible under the Saddam Hussein-era law he was charged under and that al-Zaidi could appeal the court's decision.

Upon reading of the sentence, al-Zaidi shouted "long live Iraq." "This judiciary is not just," al-Zaidi's brother Dargham said. Zaidi's sister shouted "Down with Maliki, the agent of the Americans." Zaidi's brother Uday said he scorns "those who say Iraqi justice is independent" and that the "court was set up according to Paul Bremer decisions." Several family members screamed: "It's an American court... sons of dogs." The family said they would not only appeal but also press ahead with plans to bring torture charges against Bush, Maliki and his bodyguards at a human rights court abroad.

A poll of Iraqis suggested 62 percent of Iraqis regarded al-Zaidi as a "hero". Maha al-Dori, an Iraqi parliament member, said he felt the ruling showed the judges may have been motivated by political concerns. Iraq's Journalistic Freedoms Observatory said "it is now left to wait for a presidential or prime ministerial pardon, because we cannot accept an Iraqi journalist behind bars."

On April 7, 2009, the sentence was reduced to one year from three years. Judge Abdul Sattar al-Beeraqdar, spokesman for Iraq's Higher Judicial Council, said the court reduced al-Zaidi's sentence because he is young and had no previous criminal record. Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki argued al-Zaidi could have faced 15 years in jail or even execution for insulting a visiting head of state.

Release
Defense attorney Karim al-Shujairi said al-Zaidi would be released on September 14, 2009, after spending nine months in jail, he would be freed early for good behavior. He was released on September 15, 2009, claiming that he had been systematically tortured during his time in jail and one of his front teeth was seen missing. Al-Zaidi said that he had been beaten with electric cables and iron bars and immersed in cold water. On 19 October 2009, while in Switzerland where he expected to have medical treatment for his injuries, he stated, "I suffered a great deal. I still have problems with my teeth, back and other parts of my body where I was tortured." Al-Zaidi also declared, "I am free again, but my homeland is still a prison." On September 15, 2009, al-Zaidi stated "I am not a hero, and I admit that ... I am a person with a stance. I saw my country burning."

Statements following his release
In an interview which aired on Egypt's Dream 2 TV on June 12, 2010, Al-Zaidi stated that it was because of "Bush's bloodthirsty nature" that the former president visited Haiti following a massive earthquake. Al-Zaidi claimed that "Bush did not go there for the sake of human rights or for the victims. He went there because he missed the smell of blood, and the stench of destruction that he wreaked on Iraq. So he went there to get a whiff of that smell, because he is a sick man."

Regarding the election of Barack Obama as President of the United States, Al-Zaidi stated in the same interview that: We have a saying in Iraqi Arabic – and I'm sure the Egyptian brothers living in Iraq know it. "Away goes a white dog, and along comes a black dog." They are the same, except for the color. Away goes a white US president, and along comes a black president. They are no different.

Following his release, al-Zaidi went to Geneva and announced that he had started creating a humanitarian agency/foundation. The aim of the agency would be to "build orphanages, a children's hospital, and medical and orthopaedic centres offering free treatment and manned by Iraqi doctors and medical staff." His lawyer said that al-Zaidi "hopes to surf on the wave of support he has gained to do some good."

Parodies
After the attacks, the incident was parodied numerous times on the internet. These included online games such as "Sock and Awe" and "Flying Babush", as well as gifs. Videos of the event went viral on YouTube.

The incident is parodied in the music video for Dizzy DROS's "M3a L3echrane".

title: George W. Bush shoeing incident


text:
unbar

Etymology
From, equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  To unlock or unbolt a door that had been locked or bolted with a bar.
 * 2)  To remove an impediment that obstructs the passage of (someone or something).
 * 3)  To remove a prohibition.
 * 1)  To remove a prohibition.

title: unbar


text:
Mathematical Methods in Physics

Second order differential equations

 * 1) /Introduction to 2nd order differential equations/
 * 2) /Solution of homogeneous equations with constant coefficients/
 * 3) /Solution of inhomogeneous equations with constant coefficients/
 * 4) /Singularities and series solutions/
 * 5) /Frobenius method/

Special functions

 * 1) /Cylindrical and spherical coordinates/
 * 2) /Boundary value problems/
 * 3) /Sturm-Liouville problem/
 * 4) /Legendre polynomials/
 * 5) Bessel functions
 * 6) /Associated Legendre functions/
 * 7) /Spherical harmonics/
 * 8) /Neumann functions/
 * 9) /Modified Bessel functions/
 * 10) /Fourier-Legendre series/
 * 11) /Asymptotic behaviors of certain special functions/

Complex functions

 * 1) Complex numbers
 * 2) /Basic operations with complex functions, analytic functions/
 * 3) /Cauchy theorem/
 * 4) /Singularities/
 * 5) /Taylor and Laurent series/
 * 6) /Residue theorem and applications/
 * 7) /Complex functions/

Partial differential equations

 * 1) /General definition/
 * 2) Separation of variables method
 * 3) /Wave equation/
 * 4) /Laplace and Poisson equations/
 * 5) /Diffusion equation/
 * 6) /Helmholtz equation/
 * 7) /Continuum eigenvalue spectrum/

Green functions

 * 1) /For Sturm-Liouville operators/
 * 2) /For 2 dimensions/
 * 3) /For initial value problems/
 * 4) /For boundary value problems/
 * 5) /Solution of higher-order differential equations/
 * 6) /Reduction to canonical form/

title: Mathematical Methods in Physics


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/devullu.com

Links

 * devullu.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is globally blacklisted by \bdevullu\.com\b
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is globally blacklisted by \bdevullu\.com\b

Additions

 * Displayed all 5 additions.


text:
Procession of the Golden Tree

The Procession of the Golden Tree (Praalstoet van de Gouden Boom) or Pageant of the Golden Tree (Gouden Boomstoet) is a historical pageant held in Bruges, Belgium, every five years to commemorate the celebrations held there in July 1468 for the wedding of Charles the Bold and Margaret of York. It has been organised since 1958.

The heraldic shields of challengers at the 1468 tournament were placed on a golden artificial tree at the lists. The 1468 event included a banquet. Madame de Beaugrant, a dwarf, rode into the chamber on an automata made like a golden lion, and was placed on the top table as a gift to Margaret of York.

The procession that was to have been held in 2022 was postponed until 25 August 2024 while the format was revamped.

title: Procession of the Golden Tree


text:
GCSE Science/Electricity multiple choice practice question 4 answer 3

This is the correct answer. The red is the live wire and the blue is neutral. Both wires carry current under normal working conditions.

On to the next question>>


text:
assalto

Etymology 1
, derived from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  assault, raid, storming
 * 2) hold up
 * 3)  bout
 * 4)  round

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) assault, attack
 * 2) robbery, burglary, raid

title: assalto


text:
Nicholas Irving

Nicholas Irving (born November 28, 1986) is an American author and former soldier. He was a special operations sniper in the 3rd Ranger Battalion for the U.S. Army.

Early life
Nicholas Irving was born on November 28, 1986, in Augsburg, Germany. His parents were both enlisted soldiers.

Military
Irving originally intended to join the Navy SEALs, but he failed a colorblindness test. He instead joined the United States Army Rangers and served in Iraq and Afghanistan. He was issued a SR-25 rifle, which he nicknamed Dirty Diana. With that rifle he has 33 confirmed kills.

Entertainment
After the Army, Irving pursued an entertainment career.

In 2016, Irving was one of four military leaders to serve as coaches on the reality show American Grit with John Cena.

Starting in August 2017, Irving began appearing as a recurring guest on the popular firearm YouTube channel, Demolition Ranch. He has also made appearances on other YouTube channels such as, LunkersTV and Insider.

He also served as an on-set advisor for Doug Liman's 2017 sniper film The Wall.

Author
In 2015, he wrote and published with Gary Brozek The Reaper: Autobiography of One of the Deadliest Special Ops Snipers, a New York Times bestseller about his military career during the War on Terror. On February 2, 2015, The Weinstein Company acquired the television rights to make a miniseries out of the autobiography. On March 5, 2015, NBC picked up the miniseries from Weinstein. In late 2017 Irving revealed in a podcast that the miniseries has been scrapped, but a movie based on the book was in preproduction.

Personal life
Irving married Jessica Irving in 2007.

title: Nicholas Irving


text:
User:Kishorekumarpallem

Kishore Kumar was born on 10th june 1989 in peddamallela village, rompicherla. For the educational purpose he later moved to tirupathi, Andhra pradesh with his mother vasanthamma. He completed his Post graduation in mechanical engg.

He is industrialist in steel making sector. Presently associated with GERDAU STEELS INDIA Ltd. As Jr. Manager.

Contact info:

Cell: +91<PHONE_NUMBER>, +91<PHONE_NUMBER>

Mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Office: kishore.pallem@gerdau.com

title: User:Kishorekumarpallem


text:
Spanish/Preterite

../Verbs/

The preterite verb form describes past actions that have begun or completed. The preterite sets something in the past as an event, with a beginning and an end. Spanish has another past tense form, the imperfect, that is used for past actions that are continuing, or for which its beginning or its end is not important.

Conjugate regular verbs in the preterite
-AR verbs

Eliminate the "-ar" and replace it with one of the following endings:

-é -aste -ó -amos -asteis -aron

Patinar (to skate) becomes:

patiné: I skated patinaste: you skated patinó: he skated patinamos: we skated patinasteis: you skated patinaron: they skated

Notice that the "nosotros" form conjugates the same as it does in the present tense. This can cause confusion so look for context tools to make sure you have the right tense.

-ER and -IR verbs

Eliminate the "-er" or "-ir" and replace it with one of the following endings:

-í -iste -ió -imos -isteis -ieron

Vender (to sell) becomes:

vendí: I sold vendiste: you sold vendió: he sold vendimos: we sold vendisteis: you sold vendieron: they sold

Conjugate irregular verbs in the preterite
There are 2 types of irregular verbs in the preterite tense. We will start with the more regular of the 2. The endings of these irregulars are all the same, which is why I am referring to them as more regular. The endings are: -e -iste -o -imos -isteis -ieron The stems of these verbs also change as follows: estar --> estuv andar --> anduv tener --> tuv poder --> pud poner --> pus saber --> sup caber --> cup hacer --> hic (exception: 'hizo') venir --> vin querer --> quis decir --> dij traer --> traj and any verb that ends in -ducir --> -duj Note that for stems ending in j the ending 'ieron' is shortened to 'eron' The more irregular verbs conjugate as follows: "Ir" and "Ser" fui fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis fueron

"Dar" di diste dio dimos disteis dieron

"Haber" hube hubiste hubo hubimos hubisteis hubieron

"Reír" reí reíste rió reímos reísteis rieron

"Leer" (similarly Creer) leí leíste leyó leímos leísteis leyeron

"Dormir" (similarly Morir) dormí dormiste durm ió dormimos dormisteis durm ieron

"Ver" v i viste v io vimos visteis vieron

title: Spanish/Preterite


text:
Portal talk:Linguistics

Is this a question? And why was this page empty? Surely if communication is the basis of the human condition then the study of linguistics should be the fount of wikiness and this page should be overflowing! PCB 24-08-04.

i feel like someone should just lay out hte basics like phonology, morphology, etc.

Here we do desperately need someone to cover actual linguistic topics, like the above phonology, morphology, etc. I've actually been writing articles over several of these things on my own personal wiki, and after I've made more progress I'd be more than happy to transfer over some of what I've written. (I'm in DokuWiki for speed on my modest server, though, so some formatting conversion will be necessary) -- Spack 21:58, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

Why is this page seperate from the "Linguistics" wikibook (under anthropology, if you search on the WB home page)? Wouldn't it be most helpful to have all the info in the same place?

The list of language families takes up so much space at the front of this page. Perhaps it would be better to create a seperate page or link to wikipedia's article on language families. Sylfaen 18:58, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

Japanese and Korean are not language isolates. They were thought to be, but most lingusts now consider them to be part of the Altaic family. Examples of isolates are Burushaski and Ainu. Edrigu 02:00, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

I'd be more than happy to do some of the grunt work here; after all, I am a lowly undergrad - it's what we're good for! --Kenwolcott 02:39, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

Separate courses
What this page needs is to be repurposed to be a list of the courses offered by the Wikiversity School of Linguistics, and the current content moved into one of those courses. Otherwise (as someone pointed out), it's just another WikiBook.

title: Portal talk:Linguistics


text:
American Porn Songs: Remixed

American Porn Songs is a remix album by 16volt, released on May 11, 2010, by Metropolis Records. The album comprises remixed versions of the tracks the appear of the band's 2009 album American Porn Songs.

Personnel
Adapted from the American Porn Songs: Remixed liner notes.

16volt
 * Mike Peoples – guitar, bass guitar
 * Eric Powell – lead vocals, guitar, programming, keyboards

Additional performers
 * Bryan Barton (as Bryan Black) – remix (7)
 * Angel Bartolotta – remix (16)
 * Jason Bazinet – remix (17)
 * Kaine Delay (as Kaine.D3l4y) – remix (6)
 * Chris Demarcus (as Loud Chris Demarcus) – remix (17)
 * Jamie Duffy – remix (2)
 * Erica Dunham – remix (17)
 * Eric Gottesman – remix (13)
 * Stacey Hoskins – remix (12)
 * Jeremy Inkel – remix (6)
 * Anthony Kirksey – remix (15)
 * Christopher Lombardo – remix (11)
 * Sean Payne – remix (2)
 * Ross Miller – remix (5)
 * Evan Roberts – remix (9)
 * Scott Robison – remix (10)
 * Tim Sköld – remix (3)
 * Bill Sarver (as Billdeaux) – remix (1)
 * Bradley Templin – remix (8)
 * Alexandre Villommet – remix (14)

Production and design
 * David Din (as Da5id Din) – mastering

title: American Porn Songs: Remixed


text:
High School Mathematics Extensions/Solutions to Problem Sets

Factorisation Exercises
Factorise the following numbers. (note: I know you didn't have to, this is just for those who are curious)

 * 1) $$13 = 13 \cdot 1$$
 * 2) $$26 = 13 \cdot 2$$
 * 3) $$59 = 59 \cdot 1$$
 * 4) $$82 = 41 \cdot 2$$
 * 5) $$101 = 101 \cdot 1$$
 * 6) $$121 = 11 \cdot 11$$
 * 7) $$2187 = 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 3$$

Recursive Factorisation Exercises
Factorise using recursion.

 * 1) $$45 = 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 5$$
 * 2) $$4050 = 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 5 \cdot 5$$
 * 3) $$2187 = 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 3$$

Prime Sieve Exercises

 * 1) Use the above result to quickly work out the numbers that still need to be crossed out in the table below, knowing 5 is the next prime:

\begin{matrix} X & 2_p & 3_p & X & 5 &X &7& X& X& X \\ 11 & X & 13 & X& X& X&17 &X& 19& X\\ X& X& 23 & X& 25 &X&X&X&29& X\\ 31 &X& X& X& 35 &X&37& X& X& X\\ 41 & X& 43 & X& X&X&47& X& 49& X\\ \end{matrix} $$

 * The next prime number is 5. Because 5 is an unmarked prime number, and 5 * 5 = 25, cross out 25. Also, 7 is an unmarked prime number, and 5 * 7 = 35, so cross off 35. However, 5 * 11 = 55, which is too high, so mark 5 as prime ad move on to 7. The only number low enough to be marked off is 7 * 7, which equals 35. You can go no higher.

2. Find all primes below 200.

 * The method will not be outlined here, as it is too long. However, all primes below 200 are:

2     3      5      7     11     13     17     19     23     29 31     37     41     43     47     53     59     61     67     71 73     79     83     89     97    101    103    107    109    113 127    131    137    139    149    151    157    163    167    173 179    181    191    193    197    199

Modular Arithmetic Exercises

 * 1) $$(-1) \cdot (-5)\mod{11} = 5$$
 * 2) $$3 \cdot 7 \mod{11} = 21 = 10$$
 * 3) $$2^1 = 2, 2^2 = 4, 2^3 = 8, 2^4 = 16 = 5$$ $$ 2^5 = 32 = 10, 2^6 = 64 = 9, 2^7 = 128 = 7$$ $$ 2^8 = 256 = 3, 2^9 = 512 = 6, 2^{10} = 1024 = 1$$ An easier list: 2, 4, 8, 5, 10, 9, 7, 3, 6, 1


text:
Waves/Geometrical Problems

Problems
Figure 3.14: Refraction through multiple parallel layers with different refractive indices. Figure 3.15: Refraction through a $$45^{\circ }$$-$$45^{\circ }$$-$$90^{\circ }$$ prism. Figure 3.16: Focusing of parallel rays by a parabolic mirror. Figure 3.17: Refraction through a wedge-shaped prism.

 * 1) The index of refraction varies as shown in figure 3.14:
 * 2) Given $$\theta_1$$, use Snell's law to find $$\theta_2$$.
 * 3) Given $$\theta_2$$, use Snell's law to find $$\theta_3$$.
 * 4) From the above results, find $$\theta_3$$, given $$\theta_1$$. Do $$n_2$$ or $$\theta_2$$ matter?
 * 5) A $$45^{\circ }$$-$$45^{\circ }$$-$$90^{\circ }$$ prism is used to totally reflect light through $$90^{\circ }$$ as shown in figure 3.15. What is the minimum index of refraction of the prism needed for this to work?
 * 6) Show graphically which way the wave vector must point inside the calcite crystal of figure 3.3 for a light ray to be horizontally oriented.
 * 7) The human eye is a lens which focuses images on a screen called the retina. Suppose that the normal focal length of this lens is $$4 \mbox{ cm}$$ and that this focuses images from far away objects on the retina. Let us assume that the eye is able to focus on nearby objects by changing the shape of the lens, and thus its focal length. If an object is $$20 \mbox{ cm}$$ from the eye, what must the altered focal length of the eye be in order for the image of this object to be in focus on the retina?
 * 8) Show that a concave parabolic mirror focuses incoming rays which are parallel to the optical axis of the mirror precisely at a focal point on the optical axis, as illustrated in figure 3.16. Hint: Since rays following different paths all move from the distant source to the focal point of the mirror, Fermat's principle implies that all of these rays take the same time to do so (why is this?), and therefore all traverse the same distance.
 * 9) Use Fermat's principle to explain qualitatively why a ray of light follows the solid rather than the dashed line through the wedge of glass shown in figure 3.17.
 * 10) Test your knowledge of Fermat's principle by finding the value of $$y$$ for which $$t$$ is a minimum in equation (3.14). Use this to derive Snell's law.

title: Waves/Geometrical Problems


text:
Cookbook talk:1-2-3-4 Cake

Page history from Pound cake

Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit

 * (cur) (last) . . 02:51, 29 Jan 2004 . . Gentgeen (Transwikied recipes to wikibooks)
 * (cur) (last) . . 18:12, 22 Dec 2003 . . Noldoaran
 * (cur) (last) . . M 17:08, 6 Dec 2003 . . Seglea (link to recipe)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 17:07, 6 Dec 2003 . . Seglea (linkfix)
 * (cur) (last) . . 17:06, 6 Dec 2003 . . Seglea (added authentic equal-quantities recipe)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 13:20, 6 Dec 2003 . . Jengod (wikify)
 * (cur) (last) . . 09:00, 6 Dec 2003 . . <IP_ADDRESS> (Sorry if the recipe is a little non-specific, but it is a old handed down recipie, so is likely public domain)

This was easy to make, but it sure wasn't the nicest cake I've ever had! Don't think I'm a fan of "yellow cake"... pfctdayelise 13:18, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * why do you think like that Ms Lehana (discuss • contribs) 17:33, 3 April 2023 (UTC)

The cake doesn't look delicious. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Morphine54 (talk • contribs) 03:54, 2 December 2010 (UTC)

I remember my mother telling me that in HER mother's time a 1234 cake was your basic cake that every bride had to know how to do.

About flour
How many are grams for flour? Veraimanica (discuss • contribs) 11:22, 19 December 2016 (UTC)

This is delicious I even tried it Dort3456 (discuss • contribs) 00:38, 7 January 2021 (UTC)

How many minutes
How many minutes should it be cooked for LIFE WITH STEPHANIE (discuss • contribs) 16:02, 20 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:1-2-3-4 Cake


text:
User:Emvious27

Emelie Vasquez is an undergraduate student at Arcadia University. I am learning to use Wikipedia for a writing class. As part of a class assignment I developed the Wikipedia page for the Finger wave.

title: User:Emvious27


text:
Puzzles/Action sequences/Crossing the River

Puzzles | Action sequences | Crossing the River

A farmer wants to cross a river and take with him a wolf, a goat, and a cabbage. There is a boat that can fit himself plus either the wolf, the goat, or the cabbage. If the wolf and the goat are alone on one shore, the wolf will eat the goat. If the goat and the cabbage are alone on the shore, the goat will eat the cabbage.

How can the farmer bring the wolf, the goat, and the cabbage across the river?

Solution


text:
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/JrFedit/Archive

Suspected sockpuppets

The master is currently at ~8RR on Fountain (Duchamp), so, naturally the only thing to do is create a new account and continue to edit war... 👏 ——  Serial  15:12, 8 August 2020 (UTC)  ——  Serial  15:12, 8 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Ah, thanks for that, i hadn't noticed.  I guess this should be moved to oldest account then? Incidentally, they've acknowledged an off-wiki activism campaign, so i suppose meatpuppetry is a strong possibility.   ——  Serial  16:22, 8 August 2020 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * - Actually, the Musartmaknew account was created in 2017, so the allegation that it was created after edit warring is incorrect. Yet, it is suspicious enough to warrant a CU check.  Vanjagenije  (talk)  16:11, 8 August 2020 (UTC)
 * - Mz7 (talk) 22:02, 8 August 2020 (UTC)
 * ❌. There is an interesting technical coincidence that makes this remotely possible, but it would require a relatively high degree of technical skill and intent to evade CU detection, so it seems more likely that these are different people. This result does not preclude the possibility of meat puppetry as Serial Number mentioned. Mz7 (talk) 22:14, 8 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Yeah, Musartmaknew looks ducky, but a single edit is not enough to block on. Closing with no action taken. -- RoySmith (talk) 00:55, 14 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
WXMD (FM)

WXMD (89.7 MHz FM) is a Christian radio station licensed to California, Maryland, serving Southern Maryland. The station is owned by Redeemer Broadcasting, Inc.

title: WXMD (FM)


text:
User:Emillyjones/sandbox

I am a student at the University of Western Ontario taking part in the 3595 Ad Gen Wikipedia Project. I am intending to improve the article Daf-16, and this sandbox contains my draft.

Evaluating Articles
TATA box

The article is pretty focused on the topic, there is not much unnecessary distracting information - although on the talk page there are comments that information about histones are unnecessary because only people who have been educated in biology would be familiar with the term.

There is a citation needed in the first paragraph, where it says the core DNA sequence is normally followed by 3 or more adenine bases

It describes the scientific process using the words 'normally' and 'usually' - is this correct?

The second to last paragraph does not include the name of the study even though it is referenced

It is a stub rated, high class importance article and a project on WikiProject Genetics

Possible articles to edit
genetic viability wild type - grammar needs fixed chromosomal deletion syndrome. could add definition of a deletion = loss of parts of chromosomes, generally visible on karyotyping because they are larger deletions definition of karyotyping = looking at the appearance of chromosomes

My article to edit
Daf-16 I will add: the gene is daf 16 - FOXO transcription factor it 65% is similar to the protein FOXO in humans - homologous to four FOXOs http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556515300498 FOXO 3 increases lifespan

its structure located downstream of IIS kinase cascade https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4361755/

its function needed for longevity - activates proteins involved in stress resistance and longevity such as MnSOD, CuZnSOD, catalase,heat shock proteins, chaperones, stress response proteins is also involved in regulating epidermis damage https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3798571/

clinical relevance this gene can be targeted in ageing studies

Daf 16 draft
DAF-16 is the sole ortholog of the FOXO family of transcription factors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. DAF-16 is notable for being the primary transcription factor required for the profound lifespan extension observed upon mutation of the insulin-like receptor daf-2. Moreover, the tractability of C. elegans as a model and interest in teasing out this conserved aging-associated genetic pathway allowed the intricacies of Insulin and Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) Signaling (IIS) to be thoroughly characterized primarily through studies using this model organism. Daf -16 is responsible for the protection of C. elegans during food deprivation, causing it to transform into a hibernation - like state, known as a Dauer.

DAF-16 is the sole ortholog of the FOXO family of transcription factors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. It is responsible for activating genes involved in longevity, lipogenesis, heat shock survival and oxidative stress responses. It also protects C.elegans during food deprivation, causing it to transform into a hibernation - like state, known as a Dauer. DAF-16 is notable for being the primary transcription factor required for the profound lifespan extension observed upon mutation of the insulin-like receptor daf-2. The gene has played a large role in research into longevity and the insulin signalling pathway as it is located in C. elegans, a successful ageing model organism.

Genetics
DAF-16 is a gene conserved across species, with homologs being found in C. elegans, humans, mice, and Drosophila (fruit flies). In C. elegans, DAF-16 is located on Chromosome 1, at position 175-268. It is made up of 15 exons. DAF-16 is also located downstream of Daf-2, which signals in the IIS pathway. Mutants in this pathway age slower and have a lifespan up to twice as long as normal. The lifespan extension is dependent on DAF-16. Other consequences of mutations in the Daf-16 gene is the inability to form dauers.

FOXO (Forkhead box protein O)
DAF-16 encodes FOXO (Forkhead box protein O), which binds to gene promoters that contain the sequence TTGTTTAC in their regulatory region – this is the DAF-16 binding element (DBE). FOXO is involved in the Insulin / IGF1 signalling pathway (IIS) which affects longevity, lipogenesis,  dauer formation, heat shock and oxidative stress responses, by activating proteins such as MnSOD and Catalase. Expression of FOXO in the intestine normally leads to longevity signalling. It is inhibited by the protein AKT in the IIS pathway, as DAF-16 is inactivated when phosphorylated, which is why a reduction in insulin signalling generally leads to longevity in C. elegans and across species. FOXO has been shown to have a protective role against cancer, as it regulates and suppresses genes involved in tumour formation. It also has a protective role against muscular dystrophy.

FOXO is also important in embryonic development, as it promotes apoptosis.

For the carbon dioxide avoidance response, inhibition of Daf-16 is needed. When inhibition is lost, Daf-16 translocates to the nucleus and regulates genes that delay growth and reproduction but increase stress resistance and longevity Daf-16 mutants fail to arrest cell division in L1 arrest as it is dependent for transcription of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor cki-1 in response to starvation in stem cells.

Insulin Signalling Insulin is the primary hormone dictating energy functions such as glucose and lipid metabolism. The signalling pathway is evolutionary conserved and found across species. Insulin activates an insulin receptor molecule (in C. elegans, this is DAF-2), which in turn activates a kinase and AKT. However AKT inhibits DAF-16 and FOXO, so a reduction in insulin signalling corresponds to an increase in FOXO and the longevity proteins it activates.

Insulin and IGF1 are peptide hormones dictating energy functions such as glucose and lipid metabolism. The signalling pathway is evolutionary conserved and found across species. Signalling occurs through kinases such as PI3K to produce phospholipid products such as AKT. This causes downstream phosphorylation of targets such as DAF-16 by a phosphorylation cascade, blocking nuclear entry. Therefore a reduction in insulin signalling generally leads to an increase in FOXO expression. When not phosphorylated, DAF-16 is active and present in the nucleus, so FOXO can be transcribed and can up-regulate production of about 100 beneficial proteins that increase longevity.

Species, tissue, subcellular distribution
C. elegans is the only known species to contain the DAF-16 gene, although orthologs are conserved across species. DAF-16 may localise to the nucleus or cytoplasm, depending on resources. In nutrient rich conditions, Daf-2 and Akt-1/Akt-2 in the insulin pathway inhibits entry of DAF-16 to the nucleus as it is phosphorylated. However starvation, heat and oxidative stress inhibit phosphorylation by AKT and allow the localisation of DAF-16 to the nucleus. DAF-16 is sequestered in the cytoplasm when associated with ftt-2. Translocation to the nucleus and translation of longevity genes occurs after DAF-16 associates with prmpt-1 Translocation to the nucleus is also promoted by jnk-1 in heat stress and sek-1 in oxidative stress

Expression

Isoform b and Isoform c are expressed in muscles, ectoderm, the intestine and neurones. Isoform b is additionally expressed in the pharynx. Expression can be induced by quinic acid.

Clinical Significance
Implication in Aging

DAF-16 is necessary for dauer formation and the protection of C. elegans during periods of starvation, as DAF-16, DAF-18 and DAF-12 loss - of - function mutants lose the ability to form dauers. A 2003 study by Murphy et. al showed the significance of DAF-16 for longevity, as it up-regulates genes involved in lifespan extension such as stress response genes and down regulates specific life-shortening genes. It has been proven that telomeres have an implication in the aging process, and in C. elegans the lifespan - extending effect of long telomeres is dependent on DAF-16. DAF-2 mutations more than double the lifespan of C. elegans, and this effect is dependent on the activity of DAF-16 as it encodes a member of the hepatocyte nuclear family 3 (HNF3)/ Forkhead family of transcription factors.

C. elegans has long been used in aging research. Although DAF-16 increases longevity, treating C.elegans with resvatrol extends lifespan in a method independent of Daf-16 and fully dependent on SIR2.1.

Interactions
Daf-16 is known to interact with:
 * RLE-1
 * PRMT-1
 * UNC-43
 * TAX-6
 * JNK-1
 * FTT-2

History
In 1963 Sydney Brenner realised the success of biology was due to model organisms, and C. elegans has been widely used in research laboratories since. In 1998 the genome of C. elegans was completely sequenced and found to be a 97 megabase genomic sequence consisting of 19,000 genes, with 40% protein products having significant matches in other organisms. The DAF genes DAF-2 and DAF-16 were discovered in the Thomas and Ruvkun labs, after isolating dauer-consituative (DAF-c) mutants and dauer - defective mutants (DAF-d). Mutations in Daf-2 and DAF-23 caused the dauer - constitutive phenotype, through activation of the dauer - defective genes DAF-16 and DAF-18. This showed that DAF-2 and DAF-23 prevent dauer arrest by antagonising DAF-16 and DAF-18

Notable scientists involved in the initial and continued characterization of DAF-16-associated aging pathways:
 * Cynthia Kenyon
 * Gary Ruvkun

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Peter Dalgado

Rosario Sebastian Peter Dalgado (26 April 1930 – 22 November 1986) was an Indian-born Kenyan field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

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