text:
Chung Yong-jin

Chung Yong-jin (born 19 September 1968) is a South Korean billionaire businessman, the vice chairman and former CEO of Shinsegae Group.

Personal life and family
He is the only son of Lee Myung-hee, chairwoman of Shinsegae Group and grandson of Samsung founder Lee Byung-chul. He is the cousin of Samsung Group chairman Lee Jae-yong and CJ Group chairman Lee Jay-hyun.

He married Go Hyun-jung on 1995, have two children — Jung Hae-chan in 1998 and Jung Hae-in in 2000. They divorced on 2003 and he gained custody of both children.

It was announced in 2011 that he would marry Han Ji-hee.

He's known in the South Korean business world to freely communicate with the public via social media.

Education
Chung graduated from Kyungbock High School. He has a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from Brown University.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Chung Yong-jin


text:
accampare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to encamp, to gather (an army, etc.) into a camp
 * 2)  to lodge (e.g. refugees) in a makeshift camp
 * 3)  to assert, advance, put forward (a proposition, etc.)
 * 4)  to stand out
 * 5)  to camp, to encamp
 * 1)  to camp, to encamp
 * 1)  to camp, to encamp

title: accampare


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Pascoite

Pascoite

 * ... that after a mine tunnel was dug near Cerro de Pasco, Peru, the first known specimen of pascoite (example pictured) formed on the walls?
 * Reviewed: Echeveria runyonii

Created/expanded by Chris857 (talk). Self nom at 15:53, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Symbol confirmed.svg 5x expansion verified, new enough, image suitable for display, somewhat interesting. Checking refs...no problems found; refs support article. IMHO, good to go. Mgrē@sŏn 16:08, 11 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Independent movie theater

An independent movie theater (American English) or indie cinema (British English) is a movie theater which screens independent, art house, foreign, or other non-mainstream films. It can be contrasted with a mainstream theater (often a multiplex), which is more likely to screen blockbusters and other popular films.

Indie theaters are often characterized by their smaller size and stronger ties to their local communities. Many are also located in historic or nontraditional venues.

Unlike mainstream theaters, which almost exclusively draw patrons looking to see a particular film and make no tacit endorsement of the films they screen, indie theaters often work to cultivate a reputation for good taste by curating a selection of high-quality films, thus drawing patrons who might know little about a film before going to see it.

History
In the silent cinema era, most movie theaters were independent. In the 1930s, as talkies requiring more sophisticated equipment arose, many smaller cinemas were unable to compete with larger chains. The 1948 United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. Supreme Court case, which blocked movie studios from also owning cinemas, led to a resurgence of indie cinemas starting in the 1950s. In the 1980s, loosened vertical integration restrictions helped reverse this trend. Like all movie theaters, indie theaters have been financially threatened in the 21st century by the rise of streaming platforms like Netflix. Some have converted to become nonprofits.

United States
In the United States, the largest indie movie theaters chain is Landmark Theatres. There are some smaller regional chains such as Laemmle Theatres in Los Angeles, as well as many stand-alone venues throughout the country in places like New York City.

Africa
In South Africa, limited independent cinemas exist beside the blockbuster chains Ster-Kinekor and Nu Metro Cinemas, including The Bioscope in Johannesburg, The Labia in Cape Town, Kings Cinema in Alexandra township, and the non-traditional non-profit organization Sunshine Cinema.

title: Independent movie theater


text:
Talk:Barbara Berger

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title: Talk:Barbara Berger


text:
Talk:1975 Canton, Illinois, tornado

Naming convention
I changed the article name IAW Naming conventions (events). --Rosiestep (talk) 22:17, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:1975 Canton, Illinois, tornado


text:
Talk:North Central Indiana-Michigan Tornado Outbreak

Total number of tornadoes should be 12
*http://www.msu.edu/~fujita/tornado/lansing/011024/index.html
 * Two more tornadoes touched down that day, one south of Saginaw, one just east. Both came from the same supercell. AStudent 04:50, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

Expert review
The result was: Merge into Tornadoes of 2001. --B. Wolterding 17:46, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

''This review has been announced on the talk page of WikiProject Severe weather. Comments should be added on this page, below.''

As part of the Notability wikiproject, I am trying to sort out whether this topic is notable enough to have its own article. The article has been tagged with notability concerns ("importance" tag) since November 2006. Actually, to me it seems to contain mainly news coverage, which should not be on Wikipedia per WP:NOT. But I don't know about your general standards for these events. Can you tell me whether the article should be kept, discarded, or merged somewhere else?

Your opinions are welcome; please add your comments below. --B. Wolterding 16:03, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I can't remember if it's a written policy, but the guidelines I've always used for article notability are if the tornado article meets one of the following criteria:
 * Killed 3 or more people
 * Caused $100 million USD in damage
 * Was an outbreak of 50 or more tornadoes
 * Was an F5 or EF5
 * Was notable for some other reason (hitting major downtown area, for example)
 * We have had articles which didnt meet this in the past, but as the List of tornadoes by year grows, these can be merged into the year's tornado page. This is a borderline case, 25 dollars, 2 dead and $25 million in damage, not insignificant. However, with a real lack of justification for the article to exist separately, I would agree with a liberal merge into Tornadoes of 2001, keeping as much notable information as possible. I have been working on that article on and off for a few months, so I will take out any further info I believe should be cut. - Running On  Brains  05:13, 27 July 2007 (UTC)


text:
Jānis Beinarovičs

Jānis Beinarovičs (June 5, 1907 – August 27, 1967) was a Latvian athlete who won the Latvian Master's title in Greco-Roman wrestling four times between the years 1935 to 1938. He joined the Second Riga Athletic Club (2 R.A.K.) at the age of 17 and competed in the Bantam weight class. A cabinet maker by trade, Beinarovičs had to train in his spare time. He acquired a total of ten titles in Latvia's amateur championships during his career.

Beginnings of clubs and competitions
Greco-Roman wrestling is a sport that became very popular in Latvia in the 1920s and 1930s. Amateur clubs were formed soon after the country was founded in 1918. Beinarovičs joined such a club, trained in the Bantam category, competed and then coached and mentored other wrestlers. Competitions took place in Latvia as well as other European jurisdictions. Many capitals of European countries hosted these team championships, such as Rome (1934), Copenhagen (1935), Paris (1937), Tallinn (1938), and Oslo (1939). These competitions were called the European Masters Greco-Roman Wrestling Championships. Beinarovičs qualified once for the team, that would contend in these European matches.

Besides, competitions with well-known wrestlers from Estonia, a Baltic neighbor, were organized on a yearly basis. Between 1925 and 1940 the two countries alternated the hosting of these matches fifteen times. Weight classes from Bantam to Heavyweight participated. In 1921 a provisional Latvian Olympic Committee was established, and three years later, 41 Latvian competitors took part for the first time at the 1924 Paris Summer Olympics. In 1936 Edvins Bietags won the first silver medal for Greco-Roman wrestling in the Light Heavyweight category at the Olympics.

Early wins
Beinarovičs won the Latvian Masters Title for the first time in 1935, That qualified him to join the National Latvian Wrestling Team which represented Latvia in the European Competitions held in Copenhagen the same year. He competed against an Estonian, Evald Sikk, who won the match. (The following year, Sikk went on to compete in the 1936 Berlin Olympics, coming in sixth place.) In Latvia, Beinarovičs won the Latvian Masters title for a second time.

Rise to prominence
By 1937, Beinarovičs was gaining a reputation for his sport, which was becoming increasingly popular. He joined the Army Sports Club (ASK) and qualified for the third time to contend in the upcoming matches against the Estonian team. His event took place on October 3 and was attended by 1,200 spectators in the Sports Hall in Riga. Beinarovičs beat his younger opponent, Maiste, and was praised for his final move, where he pinned Maiste's shoulder to the mat. Latvia won 4 - 3 over the Estonian team.

His fourth and final Masters Title win in Latvia allowed him to compete once again in the European Competitions in Tallinn, Estonia in 1938. His teammates in the various weight categories were Edvins Bietags, Alfrēds Kalniņš, Georgs Ozoliņš, Kārlis Jespars, E. Kalniņš, and Krišjānis Kundziņš, and the coach was Aleksandrs Lapčinskis. Beinarovičs, in Bantam weight, was defeated by the Czechoslovak wrestler, Nics.

Continued involvement in the sport
After the loss in Estonia, Beinarovičs continued his involvement with the sport, but focused his efforts on coaching young, aspiring wrestlers. He was part of a team of professional trainers at the ASK, 116 Kr. Barona street, in Riga. He coached wrestlers and refereed competitions as late as 1944 before he was conscripted into the army to fight on the Russian front.

Awards and recognition
In 1938, Beinarovičs and other ASK wrestlers were honored for their athletic achievements by the Heavy Athletics Sports Federation. Awards for personal contributions were also presented. He received one for his commitment to furthering the goals of the ASK. The following year, in November 1939, with World War II having already been declared, medals were given to Latvian athletes who had represented their country over the years in the heavy athletics categories of wrestling and weightlifting. This highest form of recognition was awarded at a final ball held in their honor at the Amateur Hall at 3 Amata Street in Riga. This meant to serve as a tribute to the devotion of Latvian athletes to their sport and their country over the 20 years of its existence as a sovereign nation. Latvia became independent 52 years later in 1991.

title: Jānis Beinarovičs


text:
Chaingang (band)

Chaingang (sometimes listed as CHAINGANG) is a female-fronted punk/rock band from Sydney, Australia.

Biography
Chaingang formed in 2007 following the dissolution of Hayley Foster and Mike Jeffery's former band Pinky Tuscadero on New Year's Eve 2006. Cultivating a rapt cult following across Sydney, the band first came to widespread attention when they were personally chosen by US band Panic! at the Disco to support them during their 2008 Australian tour.

A demo version of one of their first tracks, Get Off My Stage, attracted widespread attention via tastemaking music blogs across the UK, US, and Australia, and saw the band selected by national youth broadcaster Triple J as an Unearthed Feature Artist in 2008.

Chaingang have since played with the likes of Cold War Kids, The Streets, Crystal Castles, Ladyhawke, The Grates, Bluejuice, Peaches' band Sweet Machine, Operator Please, and opened for George Michael at the official 2010 Sydney Mardi Gras party. The band were also finalists in MTV's Kickstart initiative.

Chaingang completed a national tour with Operator Please and Tim and Jean, and were set to play the Big Day Out festival in January 2011.

Debut release
Chaingang recorded an EP in Nashville with producer Sean Ray aka Snob Scrilla, but the project was scrapped. A new EP is scheduled for release in 2011.

Discography

 * Singles
 * 2010: Holiday
 * 2011: Crazy

 * Extended plays
 * 2011: Chaingang (TBA)

title: Chaingang (band)


text:
Multilingualism

Multilingualism is the use of two or more languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers.

Resources

 * /Multilingualism in Digital World/
 * Topic:Multilingual Studies
 * Multilingualism
 * Wikiversity the Movie/multi-lingual
 * Multilingualism
 * Multilingualism
 * /Soeitxawe/ announcement of a scientific conference on multilingualism in Brazil (in Portuguese, needs translation)

title: Multilingualism


text:
Talk:David Tartakover

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title: Talk:David Tartakover


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/romanische-schaetze.blogspot.de

Links

 * romanische-schaetze.blogspot.de resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * romanische-schaetze.blogspot.de is hosted on romanische-schaetze.blogspot.com
 * romanische-schaetze.blogspot.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 3 additions.


text:
Snart skiner Poseidon

"Snart skiner poseidon" is a song by Joel Alme released in 2009, as the official anthem of Swedish football club IFK Göteborg. The song has been the club's entrance music since 2009, having replaced the previous anthem "Heja Blåvitt". The song is a remake of "A Young Summer's Youth", off Alme's debut album, but with new lyrics. The melody had also previously been used in the song "Utan personlig insats" by Hästpojken, a band Alme was a member of between 2007 and 2008.

Background
Before the start of the 2009 IFK Göteborg season, a debate among IFK supporters had started regarding a possible replacement of the then current anthem "Heja Blåvitt". Many different existing songs were proposed, from artists such as Maia Hirasawa, Nationalteatern and Troublemakers, until "Snart skiner Poseidon" was written by Joel Alme and posted on YouTube in mid-March 2009. His friend, bandmate (from Hästpojken), and fellow IFK Göteborg supporter Pontus Tenggren had suggested he should write a new IFK song.

Alme wrote the lyrics on a train home from Stockholm when he sat beside a woman crying as her husband had recently died. This inspired him to create a melancholic football anthem with more human character than the usual heroic and patriotic sports songs, stating in interviews that he "wanted to replace the clenched fist and testosterone with romance" and "at all costs [wanted to] avoid the feeling of Norwegian disco when it gets heroic, plastic and jaunty like that".

The song name was proposed on the internet forum of Supporterklubben Änglarna, and the supporters' association and IFK Göteborg soon decided to accept "Snart skiner Poseidon" as the new anthem. "Heja Blåvitt", the old anthem written in 1976, was replaced but lives on as the goal jingle of the club. Joel Alme performed the song live before IFK Göteborg's first match on the new Gamla Ullevi stadium on 11 April 2009.

Release
The song was released as a CD single on 7 April 2009, as digital download on iTunes on 6 December 2011 and on Spotify on 28 December 2011.

Reception
"Snart skiner Poseidon" reached number one position on the iTunes singles list after the digital release in late 2011, and the YouTube video had reached over one million views in June 2011, averaging more than 1,000 views per day since the original release.

Sports journalist Erik Niva from Aftonbladet gave it a shared second place with a 4 out of 5 score in his ranking of the best Allsvenskan anthems at the start of the 2009 season, stating that writing a football anthem on command is difficult, but that Alme had "understood what this is about". Another journalist at Aftonbladet, music critic Markus Larsson, called it the by far best Allsvenskan anthem in 2012, writing that even people with no interest in sports would get chills from the song, and compared it to You'll Never Walk Alone. Musicologist Patrik Sandgren judged all Allsvenskan anthems in 2016, commenting that "Snart skiner Poseidon" is a somewhat awkward Håkan Hellström knock-off, while still rating it 4 out of 5, translating to a shared first place.

title: Snart skiner Poseidon


text:
Talk:Dennis Hayes (businessman)

Wrong birthdate
I removed the text for "Dennis Hayes (born 1971)" since it seamed to be an ad for the company of this other Dennis Hayes. — BillRitch 17:10, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

Wrong "Dennis Hayes"
The name "Dennis Hayes" or "Dennis C. Hayes" is common enough to cause confusion. The BBSDAYS.com site has what appears to be a totally confused (or bogus) biography for "Dennis Courtland Hayes", born on January 29, 1951 in Indianapolis, Indiana, as the supposed co-founder of the Hayes Microcomputer Products company. However, when one reads the credentials of this Dennis Hayes, it's clear that he's a lawyer, not an inventor-entrepreneur. Unfortunately, there's no obvious way of contacting the owners of that site to have them correct or remove the information. — QuicksilverT @ 15:56, 22 April 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dennis Hayes (businessman)


text:
User:Myles Walsh (YES)/sandbox

Myles Walsh is a 14 year old boy who is the best Call Of Duty Player in his town (Wagga Wagga), His stats are 2.4 KD and a win-loss of 1.1.

title: User:Myles Walsh (YES)/sandbox


text:
Talk:Ellis Lake (Timiskaming District)

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title: Talk:Ellis Lake (Timiskaming District)


text:
Wiktionary:Votes/2007-10/Translation into lemma only

Translation into lemma only

 * Voting on: Clarifying WT:ELE with respect to translations into lemma forms
 * WT:ELE does not state the forms to use in translation tables. Some editors give more than just the lemma form of translated adjectives.  This vote proposes to add the following to WT:ELE immediately before “Do provide the grammatical gender of the translations of nouns, if appropriate, giving the parameters m, f, n and c for "masculine", "feminine", "neuter" and "common" respectively to .”:
 * For nouns, do translate only the English lemma form into the target language lemma form. If the target lemma is specific to one gender and the English noun is used for a gender different from that of the target lemma, provide a translation showing the non-lemma gender but linking to the lemma entry:
 * * Spanish:
 * Spanish: chico
 * For other parts of speech (e.g. adjectives, adverbs, verbs), do translate only the English lemma form into only the lemma form for the target language.

 * Vote ends: 27 November 2007 23:59 UTC
 * Vote started: 28 October 2007 23:59 UTC

 * Vote created: Rod (A. Smith) 02:03, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Discussion:
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] WT:BP
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] This vote's talk page

Decision

 * Withdrawn: The proposed text, or some revision thereof, belongs only in Translations, and most of WT:ELE should simply be removed. Rod (A. Smith) 17:47, 19 October 2007 (UTC)


text:
Sandown Manor

Sandown Manor (also Sande, 11th century; Sandham, 13th-18th century) is a manor house in the parish of Brading on the Isle of Wight.

History
Sandown was held by Ulnod of the Confessor as an alod and was in the king's hands at the time of Domesday. It had passed before the middle of the 13th century to the Glamorgans of Wolverton, Philip de Glamorgan making grants of land there in 1236 and 1241. It seems at this early time to have been divided into North and South Sandown.

In 1236 Philip Glamorgan granted William Malet 2 virgates of land in Sandown in addition to land which William already held there, and about 1280 the heirs of Richard Malet held a quarter of a fee there of Robert de Glamorgan. A few years later John le Marche held this estate, which was evidently in North Sandown. From this time until the middle of the 14th century it would seem that the Glamorgans held the manor in demesne, as in 1316 Robert de Glamorgan was said to hold the vill of Sandown, while tenements in North and South Sandown, later called a manor, were held by John de Glamorgan at his death in 1337. In 1346, however, John Serle held the quarter fee which had formerly belonged to John le Martre (evidently the John le Marche mentioned above), and John Stower was in possession in 1428 and 1431. The manor apparently remained in this family until about the middle of the 16th century.

In 1552 Henry Stower sold the northern portion of the manor to William Jeffreys, who seven years later disposed of it to George Oglander, and with the Oglanders of Nunwell it remained as of 1912. Other portions of the manor were sold by John Stower to Kingswell, Knott, Knight and others.

In 1808 Sir William Oglander established his right to the manor of Sandown in an action against Winchester College, who had inclosed part of the waste land known as Ryal Heath.

The manor of Appley probably formed part of the northern manor of Sandown and was held at the close of the 13th century by William Malet of the manor of Gatcombe as half a fee. In 1609 Sir William Oglander died seised of the manor or farm of 'Apple' in North Sandown. Sir John Oglander, writing in 16th–17th century, calls it 'Appleford alias Apley now Sandam Ferme,' and says it anciently belonged to the Stower family. It was evidently always part of Sandown and has now become merged in it, even its name having disappeared.

title: Sandown Manor


text:
Emmy

Etymology 1
Shortening.

Etymology 2
Chosen as a feminine-sounding derivation of, a nickname for the image orthicon tubes used in early television cameras.

Noun

 * 1) An award given for artistic excellence in television productions.

Proper noun

 * , diminutive of Emilie and Emma

Proper noun

 * , diminutive of Émilie and Emma

Proper noun

 * , diminutive of Emilia and Emma

title: Emmy


text:
Filmmaking Basics/Thumbnail Storyboard/Step by Step/aaac

Not A Good Decision!
You have cut from one side of the imaginary line between the two actors to the other side of this line.

$$\Rightarrow$$ $$\Longrightarrow$$ Cut To $$\Longrightarrow$$ $$\Rightarrow$$ BAD!!!!

Currently, the line is between the two actors. You can cross it only with the camera rolling. Cutting is not good.

 * Think about this and…
 * go back and try again.

 * Reference Material
 * All the thumbnail storyboard frames.
 * The unformatted script.
 * The original story.
 * The [[Media:SBTDS Script Ciprian2.pdf|formatted script]].
 * To start over, go back to the beginning.


text:
Talk:William Brookes (miner)

Reviewer Note
This draft has a disambiguated title.

If this draft is accepted, an entry will need to be added to the disambiguation page for the primary name.

The disambiguation page for the primary name is William Brookes. Robert McClenon (talk) 10:23, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:William Brookes (miner)


text:
Patrik Hrehorčák

Patrik Hrehorčák (born March 18, 1999) is a Slovak professional ice hockey defenceman playing for HC Oceláři Třinec of the Czech Extraliga (ELH).

Career
Hrehorčák previously played two seasons in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League for the Rouyn-Noranda Huskies, where he won the President's Cup and the Memorial Cup in 2019. He signed with Oceláři Třinec on June 20, 2019, and made his debut for the team on September 13, 2019.

title: Patrik Hrehorčák


text:
Talk:David Williams (New Zealand legal scholar)

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text:
Talk:Prince Lasha

Source for death
The article was updated to indicate that Prince Lasha died on Dec. 11, 2008, and updated again to Dec. 12. Neither of these were accompanied by a reliable source. A Google search does not turn up an obituary or news article. I will also point out that this is not the first time Prince Lasha has been reported as deceased. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 17:08, 15 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I found a source, the Dec. 19 San Francisco Bay View. I've added a cite to the article. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 08:32, 24 December 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Prince Lasha


text:
reprogenetics

Noun

 * 1)  The use of genetics in reproduction, especially in order to choose traits in an offspring or to minimize the risk of genetic disease.

title: reprogenetics


text:
Ventral nerve cord

The ventral nerve cord is a major structure of the invertebrate central nervous system. It is the functional equivalent of the vertebrate spinal cord. The ventral nerve cord coordinates neural signaling from the brain to the body and vice versa, integrating sensory input and locomotor output. Because arthropods have an open circulatory system, decapitated insects can still walk, groom, and mate — illustrating that the circuitry of the ventral nerve cord is sufficient to perform complex motor programs without brain input.

Structure
The ventral nerve cord runs down the ventral ("belly", as opposed to back) plane of the organism. It is made of nervous tissue and is connected to the brain.

Ventral nerve cord neurons are physically organized into neuromeres that process signals for each body segment. Anterior neuromeres control the anterior body segments, such as the forelegs, and more posterior neuromeres control the posterior body segments, such as the hind legs. Neuromeres are connected longitudinally, anterior to posterior, by fibrous nerve tracts called connectives. Pairs of hemisegments, corresponding to the left and right side of the ventral nerve cord, are connected horizontally by fibrous tracts called commissures.

In the small worm Meara stichopi there is a pair of dorsal nerve cords instead.

Function
Like the vertebrate spinal cord, the function of the ventral nerve cord is to integrate and transmit nerve signals. It contains ascending and descending neurons that relay information to and from the brain, motor neurons that project into the body and synapse onto muscles, axons from sensory neurons that receive information from the body and environment, and interneurons that coordinate circuitry of all of these neurons. In addition to spiking neurons which transmit action potentials, some neural information is transmitted via non-spiking interneurons. These interneurons filter, amplify, and integrate internal and external neural signals to guide and control movement and behavior.

Evolution
Ventral nerve cords are found in some phyla of the bilaterians, particularly within the nematodes, annelids and the arthropods. Ventral nerve cords are well-studied within insects, have been described in over 300 species covering all the major orders, and have remarkable morphological diversity. Many insects have a rope-ladder-like ventral nervous cord, composed of physically separated segmental ganglia. In contrast, in Drosophila, the thoracic and abdominal neuromeres are contiguous and the whole ventral nerve cord is considered to be one ganglion. The presumed common ancestral structure is rarely observed; instead the ventral nerve cords of most insects show extensive modification as well as convergence. Modifications include shifts in neuromere positions, their fusion to form composite ganglia, and, potentially, their separation to revert to individual ganglia. In organisms with fused neuromeres, the connectives are still there but are very reduced in length.

Development
The insect ventral nerve cord develops according to a body plan based on a segmental set of 30 paired and one unpaired neuroblasts. A neuroblast can be uniquely identified based on its position in the array, its pattern of molecular expression, and the suite of early neurons that it produces. Each neuroblast gives rise to two hemilineages: an "A" hemilineage characterized by active Notch signalling, and a "B" hemilineage characterized by an absence of active Notch signalling. Research in the fruit fly D. melanogaster suggests that all neurons of a given hemilineage release the same primary neurotransmitter.

Engrailed is a transcription factor that helps regulate the gene frazzled in order to separate neuroblasts during embryonic development. The segregation of neuroblasts is essential for the formation and development of the ventral nerve cord.

title: Ventral nerve cord


text:
User:Coplan

Daniel Travis "Coplan" North is a resident of the greater Philadelphia area, Pennylvania, USA. In the demoscene, on the internet and on several listserv groups, he is commonly known as Coplan. A self-proclaimed computer geek from the age of 10 and an audiophile for nearly as long, Coplan derived his alias initially for use on local Bulletin Board Systems (BBS's) on two principals: 1) Aaron Copland was a famous composer who has worked with the Philadelphia Orchestra and 2) Coplan (pronounced: ko-plan), when used by itself, was more appealing without the 'd'.

Coplan Today
Currently, Travis continues to grow in his knowledge and interests in web development. Most of his work these days is done in PHP and MySQL. His interest and participation in the Open Source community continues to expand. But most of the time, he spends time with his family or he focuses (no pun intended) on his photography. He works as a Landscape Architect for a commercial engineering firm in the Philadelphia area. He still follows the PC Demoscene

Interests & Hobbies

 * Photography
 * Computer & Electronic Hardware
 * Music
 * PC Demoscene
 * Linux (Preferred distribution: Linux Mint)
 * Bonsai

Current Wikipedia Projects

 * Independence Mall (Philadelphia)
 * President's House (Philadelphia)

Current External Projects

 * D. Travis North Photography - Photographic services and Personal photographic portfolio.

Past (Abandoned) External Projects

 * Shutter Photo - Photography education, inspiration and wisdom for emerging photographers. (Site still active, no longer adding content)
 * SceneSpot.org - SceneSpot was a demoscene portal with strong roots in the North American Demoscene. The website was abandoned early in 2006 in favor of my other projects.
 * Static Line - Static Line was a demoscene magazine that was created to fill a void after DemoNews and TraxWeekly closed its doors. More information can be found at the Static Line stub.

Wikipedia User Watch

 * Mark Mandel, (Thnidu) (Contributions)
 * Epolk (Contributions)
 * Vossanova (Contributions)

Recommended External Links

 * DeviantART - an art community
 * Gentoo Linux - a popular source based Linux Distribution
 * Scene.org - a source for demoscene news, productions and information

title: User:Coplan


text:
tranquillizzare

Etymology
From, on the example of 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to calm down, appease
 * 2) to tranquilize
 * 3) to reassure

title: tranquillizzare


text:
User:Josemoya

Hello. I made a login here when Spanish and english wikibooks were put in the same server. I've done a new login at es.wikibooks (see below), but I will read english wikibooks from time to time.

My wiki experience is small: just a couple of contributions to Wikipedia and Enciclopedia Libre. I'm also "Josemoya" at these sites.

Eso tiene una desventaja: que nunca paso con la frecuencia deseable por ninguna de esas páginas.

Contributions at English wikibooks

 * I've done some spellcheck for The Wrong Way to Learn Spanish.

Thank you for your work on the Wrong Way To Learn Spanish. We need all the native spanish speakers we can get. Moonlightembrace 18:30, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)

My page at Spanish wikibooks (Wikibooks en español)

 * Josemoya

Mis intereses
I like to know everything. But in english pages I will keep writing about Spanish or Spanish literature.

Comentarios, sugerencias, etc.
You can put messages at my postbox, but I'll probably read my es.wikibooks postbox more often.

title: User:Josemoya


text:
Category talk:Foreign Language Learning

How is this different from the Language Acquisition category? -- Xlbnushk 00:32, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

Xlbnushk 15:45, 10 November 2006 (UTC) -- Never mind. I've changed the category for everything from Language Acquisition to Foreign Language Learning, according to the new division name.

Now the question is how is this category different from Cat:Languages and Cat:Language? The Jade Knight 22:35, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

Is any of these courses somewhat complete? As in, to start right now. --<IP_ADDRESS> 18:58, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

Nahuatl, anybody?
Hi,

Is anybody interested in offering a course on Nahuatl? I'd be very interested. Ishwar 07:55, 29 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Foreign Language Learning


text:
Talk:David Moorcroft

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on David Moorcroft. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20130119113921/http://www.canadiansportcentre.com/news/newsletter-archives/47-july-26-2011/364-ctv-announces-first-names-of-london-2012-broadcast-team to http://www.canadiansportcentre.com/news/newsletter-archives/47-july-26-2011/364-ctv-announces-first-names-of-london-2012-broadcast-team

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:44, 6 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Moorcroft


text:
Frédéric Besseyre

Frédéric Besseyre (born 2 May 1979) is a French footballer who plays for FC Stade Nyonnais in the Swiss Challenge League.

title: Frédéric Besseyre


text:
Talk:sin bin

sin bin
(from January)

Despite my complaining that nothing should ever be tagged "Sum of parts", this is sum of parts (and not an idiom, and not attested.) --Connel MacKenzie 19:46, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Sum of parts? Surely not. To me, a bin is something like the graphic to the right of the RFV notice (or perhaps the one at bin); or occasionally something holding nails at a hardware store, or coal or logs outside a house. I've never seen a player put in any of those.  And nor have I seen a sin put in one. --Eng in ear 21:44, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I think this came from Big Brother (maybe that just popularized it?), although it sees use in sports (hockey) Sin bin. I thought we'd discussed this before somewhere? Seems familiar. Robert Ullmann 22:56, 30 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Keep, absolutely unguessable from parts. Kappa 02:24, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Keep, definitely idiomatic as a sporting phrase. Jonathan Webley 20:28, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Keep. I've used this term for the last 30 years. It is in common use, and I have even heard it used in a non-sporting usage on a UK game show as a place where players go when they get a question wrong. (Can't remember name of show).--Dmol 19:05, 4 February 2007 (UTC) (PS, later heard is again, the show was "Take It or Leave It".--Dmol 16:29, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Keep Not the sum of its parts (a bin for throwing sins into?), but definitely idiomatic, and in existence when Big Brother was still in nappies/diapers. — Paul G 16:40, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

So, is anyone going to try to cite this? (The sum-of-parts question may have been addressed, but Connel MacKenzie complained also about the lack of attestation, which can only be addressed by adding cites.) RFV period extended so that, assuming Connel doesn't withdraw his RFV, one of the six of you supporting this phrase can add cites. —RuakhTALK 05:46, 25 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Isn't there a "clearly widespread use" clause? Kappa 00:23, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

 * There is, but since I've never heard this term (and since Connel described it as "not attested", suggesting that he hasn't either), I don't see that that clause applies. If it's so clear that this term is in widespread use, why not provide cites for it? —RuakhTALK 01:10, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Incidently, I have found a number of citations that indicate that this word has another sense. See, for example,
 * 2000: a review by Sally Ledger of Susan Zlotnick's Women, Writing, and the Industrial Revolution, published in Nineteenth-Century Literature, volume 55, № 1, June 2000
 * In her eagerness to heap all middle-class male writers into one large ideological sin bin, Zlotnick presents an account that is, to put it mildly,  ...
 * and
 * 1996: a review by Aidan Campbell of Edwin N. Wilmsen and Patrick McAllister's The Politics of Difference: Ethnic Premises in a World of Power, published in The Journal of Modern African Studies, volume 34, № 4, December 1996
 * In April 1993, most of the West's political institutions were following the East's into the sin-bin if not the dustbin of history.
 * — Beobach972 02:23, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

 * and
 * 1999: Malcolm Potts, Ever Since Adam and Eve: The Evolution of Human Sexuality
 * ... to the earlier appearance of sexual drives, contemporary adolescents have greater wealth and mobility than their parents, calling their car a ‘sin bin’.
 * — Beobach972 02:27, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

As for the debated sense, I found this, but GB doesn't seem to be working for me at the moment, as it suggests two different titles and three authors (so you'll have to figure out what the correct way to cite this is) :
 * 2005: Rachel K. Gibson or Janet Evanovich or Alexandra Barnaby, The Trouble With Valentine's Day or Metro Girl
 * Rob received a minor penalty, and as he served out his three minutes kicking back in the sin bin, Chinook's sniper, Pierre Dion, shot from the point.
 * That seems to indicate a sporting sense for sniper. — Beobach972 02:23, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

 * This may be a figurative usage of the given sense :
 * 1999: Brian Moynahan, Rasputin: The Saint Who Sinned
 * It was hardly a concession. for he regarded Siberia as his sin bin, a place to take to when a cooling-off period was needed.
 * — Beobach972 02:33, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

I have added a cite as above for the disputed sense, but have also added and cited a figurative sense as suggested above. This is hard to define, so please amend as you see fit. Also added 3rd sense, Australian slang for a panel van with a bed fitted. They were common in the 1970s and popular with surfers.--Dmol 18:59, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Ehm, I'm amused that you added the citation sic, just as it was, with the ambiguity of the author and all. Also, that wasn't the figurative sense I had in mind, but it's also good (if you feel that it should be a seperate definition and not just a figurative use of the first definition). I was thinking of the closer-to-literal
 * 'hell, place for corrupt entities', suggested in
 * 1996: a review by Aidan Campbell of Edwin N. Wilmsen and Patrick McAllister's The Politics of Difference: Ethnic Premises in a World of Power, published in The Journal of Modern African Studies, volume 34, № 4, December 1996
 * In April 1993, most of the West's political institutions were following the East's into the sin-bin if not the dustbin of history.
 * and 'place, which implies that its denizens are evil', suggested in
 * 2000: a review by Sally Ledger of Susan Zlotnick's Women, Writing, and the Industrial Revolution, published in Nineteenth-Century Literature, volume 55, № 1, June 2000
 * In her eagerness to heap all middle-class male writers into one large ideological sin bin, Zlotnick presents an account that is, to put it mildly,  ...
 * and also (this, it could be argued, is literal/unidiomatic) 'place to commit acts that contradict current standards of decency or morality', suggested in
 * 1999: Malcolm Potts, Ever Since Adam and Eve: The Evolution of Human Sexuality
 * ... to the earlier appearance of sexual drives, contemporary adolescents have greater wealth and mobility than their parents, calling their car a ‘sin bin’.
 * In particular I was thinking of the second one (‘place, which implies that its denizens are evil’), but I wasn't quite sure how that should be defined... or if it truly had that definition or was simply a curious use of the penalty box definition... is my given definition alright? — Beobach972 05:07, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Delete, I agree on "sum of parts". All the defs are figurative and easly guessable knowing the meaning of sin and bin and the context it's used in.  Moreover, there is virtually an unlimited number of other figurative uses.  For heads of governments and organizations, it could be their private chambers.  It could be a satiric way of referring to a church's confessional.  For a janitor, it could be the closet.  It's not difficult to apply or figure out.  "After all that popcorn and soda, I need a trip to the sin bin." - From the short story collection sin bin by Halliburton Shill, Wiktionary: Requests for verification, 2007.05.28--Halliburton Shill 03:30, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Since this discussion seems to have transmogrified itself from an RFV to an RFD, keep. Verifiably in use, and it rhymes (woo-hoo). bd2412 T 03:46, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

 * As an RFD, this is a speedy keep, as “a bin is something like the graphic to the right of the RFV notice (or perhaps the one at bin); or occasionally something holding nails at a hardware store, or coal or logs outside a house” as Eng in ear says, and you don't put players or sins in those. — Beobach972 03:58, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Sum-of-parts is a poor rationale for deletion anyway; as has been pointed out, we consider idiomaticity. — Beobach972 03:58, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

 * It's not idiom. How is the concept of putting sins (or the sinners) into a container not simple metaphor?  The rhyme seems to have some of you dazed and lost in the wrong bong.--Halliburton Shill 04:29, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * But... but... but it rhymes! Seriously, it's catchy enough that someone might hear it and look it up. bd2412 T 06:03, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Sin:
 * 1. (theology) A violation of a moral or religious law; an error.
 * 2. A misdeed.
 * Bin:
 * 1. A container used for storage.
 * 2. A container for rubbish or waste.
 * hence, sin bin:
 * 1. literally, ‘a violation of a moral or religious law-container’
 * 2. ‘a container that violates moral laws’
 * 3. ‘a container for storing violations of moral laws’
 * How does one understand the definition (‘an area, physical or abstract, in sports for those who have committed fouls’) from that? How does one understand that it refers to sports at all? If this was the sum of its parts, wouldn't one assume that players who were ‘put into the sin bin’ had committed adultery or eaten beef or some such? — Beobach972 20:18, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with Beobach972 on this one, although I don't see the point in voting to "keep" when this is an RFV. I have added some citations for the sporting sense accordingly.  RobbieG 16:28, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

 * rfvpassed Cynewulf 19:12, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:sin bin


text:
Electronics/Cables

Everything past this point is notes
Gage of wire. The larger the gage the smaller the wire if you are using AWG. Metric sizes go the other way.

Cables
Component video and audio.

Coaxial
Coaxial cable is an electrical cable consisting of a round, insulated conducting wire surrounded by a round, conducting sheath, usually surrounded by a final insulating layer.

The cable is designed to carry a high-frequency or broadband signal, usually at radio frequencies. Sometimes DC power (called bias) is added to the signal to supply the equipment at the other end, such in direct broadcast satellite receivers. Because the electromagnetic field carrying the signal exists (ideally) only in the space between the inner and outer conductors, it cannot interfere with or suffer interference from external electromagnetic fields.

Coaxial cables may be rigid or flexible. Rigid types have a solid sheath, while flexible types have a braided sheath, both usually of copper. The inner insulator, also called the dielectric, has a significant effect on the cable's properties, such as its characteristic impedance and its attenuation. The dielectric may be solid or perforated with air spaces. Coaxial cables are usually terminated with RF connectors.

Electromagnetics
Open wire transmission lines have the property that the electromagnetic wave propagating down the line extends into the space surrounding the parallel wires. These lines are low loss, however they have undesirable characteristics. They cannot be bent, twisted or otherwised shaped without changing their characteristing impedance. They also cannot be run along or attached to anything conductive, as the extended fields will induce currents in the nearby conductors causing unwanted radiation and detuning of the line.

Coaxial lines solve this problem by confining the electromagnetic wave to the area inside the cable, between the center conductor and the shield. The line itself forms a coaxial waveguide, and the transmission of energy in the line occurs totally through the wave that propagates inside the cable between the conductors. Coaxial lines can therefore be bent and twisted without negative effects, and they can be strapped to conductive supports without inducing unwanted currents on them.

Coaxial lines are filled with a dielectric material that maintains the spacing between the center conductor and shield. Unfortunately, all dielectrics have loss associated with them, which causes most coaxial lines to be lossier than open wire lines.

Important parameters

 * The surge impedance, also called the characteristic impedance, can be directly measured with an impedance meter in ohms (Ω) or calculated from the ratio of the inner and outer diameters (ø). Assuming the dielectric properties of the material inside the cable does not vary appreciably over the operating range of the cable, this impedance is frequency independent. The surge impedance does not depend on the length of the cable.
 * Capacitance, in farads per metre.
 * Resistance, in ohms per metre, can be directly measured with an ohmmeter.
 * Attenuation or loss, in decibels per metre. This is dependent on the loss in the dielectric material filling the cable, and resistive losses in the center conductor and shield. These losses are frequency dependent, the losses becoming higher as the frequency increases. In designing a system, engineers must consider not only the loss in the actual cable itself, but also the insertion loss in the connectors.
 * Outside diameter φ, which dictates which connectors must be used to terminate the cable.

Standard cable types
Most coaxial cables have a characteristic impedance of either 50 or 75 ohms. The RF industry uses standard type-names for coaxial cables. The U.S. military uses the RG-# or RG-#/U format (probably for "radio grade, universal", but other interpretations exist). For example:

 * RG-6/U: 75 Ω, low loss at high frequency for satellite television
 * RG-11:
 * RG-58: 50 Ω, φ = 0.2 in (5 mm)
 * RG-59/U: 75 Ω, φ = 0.25 in (6.5 mm)
 * RG-178:
 * RG-179: 75 Ω, φ = 2.8 mm

(φ = diameter, ΩΩ = ohms)

Uses of coaxial cable
Short coaxial cables are commonly used to connect home video equipment, or in ham radio setups.

Long distance coaxial cable is used to connect radio networks and television networks, though this has largely been superseded by other more high-tech methods (fibre optics, T1/E1, satellite).

In broadcasting and other forms of radio communication, hard line is a very heavy-duty coaxial cable, where the outside shielding is a rigid or semi-rigid pipe, rather than flexible and braided wire. Hard line is very thick, typically at least a half inch or 13mm and up to several times that, and has low loss even at high power. It is almost always used in the connection between a transmitter on the ground and the antenna or aerial on the tower. Hard lines are often made to be pressurised with nitrogen or desiccated air, which provide an excellent dielectric even at the high temperatures generated by thousands of watts of RF energy, especially during intense summer heat and sunshine. Physical separation between the inner conductor and outer shielding is maintained by spacers, usually made out of tough solid plastics like nylon.

Triaxial cable also exists, in which a third layer of insulation and sheathing is included. This allows a nearly perfect signal which is both shielded and balanced/differential to pass through. Multi-conductor coaxial cable is also used sometimes.

Biaxial cable or biax is a figure-8 configuration of two 50 ohm coaxial cables, used in some proprietry computer networks.

Timeline

 * 1884 - Coaxial cable patented in Germany by Ernst Werner von Siemens, but with no known application. [unverified: more details needed]
 * 1894 - Waveguide transmission demonstrated to the Royal Institution by Oliver Lodge.
 * 1929 - First practical coaxial cable patented by Lloyd Espenschied and Herman Affel of AT&T's Bell Telephone Laboratories.
 * 1934 - First transmission of TV pictures on coaxial cable, from the Berlin Olympic Games to Leipzig.
 * 1936 - AT&T installs experimental coaxial TV cable between New York and Philadelphia.
 * 1936 - Coaxial cable laid by the Post Office (now BT) between London and Birmingham, providing 40 telephone channels. [Source: archives at http://www.bt.com]
 * 1941 - First commercial use in USA by AT&T, between Minneapolis, Minnesota and Stevens Point, Wisconsin. L1 system with capacity of one TV channel or 480 telephone circuits.
 * 1956 - First transatlantic coaxial cable laid, TAT-1.

Copper

Fiberoptics

Cat 5

Twisted Pair
Twisted pair cabling is a common form of wiring where two conductors are wound around each other for the purposes of cancelling out electromagnetic interference known as crosstalk. The number of twists per meter make up part of the specification for a given type of cable. The greater the number of twists, the more crosstalk is reduced.

Shielded twisted pair (STP) has an outer conductive casing similar to coaxial cable and theoretically offers the best protection from interference. It was commonly used for token ring networks.

UTP or unshielded twisted pair is not surrounded by shielding. It is the primary wire type for telephone usage and is very common for computer networking.

UTP is standardized into various categories by number, which indicate signal integrity attributes. Category 5 cable is commonly used for Ethernet with 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX.

In telephone applications, UTP is often grouped into sets of 25 pairs according to a standard 25 pair color code originally developed by AT&T. A typical subset of these colors (white/blue, blue/white, white/orange, orange/white) shows up in most UTP cables.

Audio cables that are twisted are often referred to as balanced.

Connectors
Registered Jack (RJ) - Untwisted and Twisted pair
 * 1) RJ11 = 6 Phone Line
 * 2) RJ14 = 6 Double Phone lines
 * 3) RJ45 = 8 Ethernet

 * SMA Connector from Cmpter

GCSE Science/Electricity

Everyone knows mains is potentially dangerous. There are however safety features included in plugs. This module looks at how to correctly wire a plug.

The three pin plug
Nowadays most appliances are sold with moulded plugs already fitted. Nevertheless it is still important to understand the correct wiring of a plug because enough of the old plugs still exist. You are very likely to need to change a plug at some time in your life. In the UK mains electricity is 230V. if you were to touch the live wire a current would flow through your body to the ground. This current may be enough to kill you.

The cable from the appliance usually consist of three wires. The wires are made of copper surrounded by a plastic sheath. The sheath is made of plastic and is coloured:

 * The live wire is brown
 * The neutral wire is blue
 * The earth wire is green & yellow

The three wires are covered by an outer sheath made of plastic.

Q1)Use you knowledge of insulators and conductors to explain
 * Why are the wires made of copper
 * Why are the sheaths made of plastic

The plug has the following features:
 * A cable grip, to grip the cable and prevent it being pulled out of the plug
 * Three pins made of brass. One of which is the earth pin.
 * A fuse
 * A case made of plastic

Q2) Why are the pins made of brass and why is the case plastic?

The live and neutral wires
They carry the current around the circuit. Mains current is AC this means that it is going backward and forwards in cycles. (clockwise and anticlockwise around the circuit). The frequency of the cycle is 50 times a second (50 Hertz) This cycling of current is achieved by varying the voltage on the live wire from +230V to -230V and back again. The voltage on the neutral wire does not vary. It stays close to zero ( hence the term neutral). In contrast the voltage of a battery does not cycle. It says constant. This is known as D.C. (direct current)

The live and neutral pins of a plug often have the half nearest the case surrounded by a plastic shroud. This is to prevent your fingers from touching them if you curl them around the plug as you push the plug into the socket.

Q3)Why is only the part nearest the cases sheathed. Why not the whole pin?

The earth wire
This wire is there to protect you. Many appliances have metal cases. For example kettles, toasters, dishwashers and washing machines. If the live wire were to become loose inside the appliance and touch the case the whole case would become live. If you were then to touch it a current would flow through you to the earth. The earth wire is just a wire connected to the case of the appliance. It goes down the flex into the socket. In side the wiring of your house it travels down to the earth. It is often connected to a metal plumbing pipe. If the live wire were to touch the case a huge current would flow through the earth wire. This would probably blow the fuse and break the circuit {see next section} but even if the fuse doesn't blow the current would still prefer to flow through a nice low resistance wire than a high resistance human body.

The earth pin on a plug is longer than the live and neutral pins. This ensures that the earth pin always connects with the socket first.

The fuse
A fuse is simply a very thin wire. The wire has a low melting point. As current flows through the wire it heats up. If too large a current flows it melts. This breaks the circuit. Fuses are used to protect appliance. If too large a current flows through an appliance it may damage it. It may even cause a fire!

Fuses are rated according to how much current they can carry before melting. In plugs fuses are usually 3A, 5A, or 13A. The correct fuse for an appliance is one that is just above the normal working current for that appliance.

Q4) A table lamp usually carries a current of 0.5 A what fuse should be put in the plug 3 A, 5A, or 13A?

Q5) An iron usually carries a current of 5.2 A what fuse should be put in the plug 3 A, 5 A, or 13 A?

Q6) A kettle is protected by an earth wire and a 13 A fuse. The live wire comes loose and touches the side of the kettle. The fuse blows. Explain why. The unit is designed to break the circuit if the current spikes above 13A.

Summary

 * The live wire is brown, and has AC voltage of 230 V
 * The neutral wire is blue and has AC voltage of approximately zero
 * The earth wire is green & yellow and is a safety device designed to protect people from shocks.
 * The fuse is a device that melts and breaks the circuit when the current gets too high
 * The case is made of plastic (an insulator) for safety

title: Electronics/Cables


text:
First Pema Khandu ministry

This is a list of ministers from Pema Khandu cabinets starting from 17 July 2016. Pema Khandu is the leader of INC, who was sworn in the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh on 17 July 2016 as INC's Chief Minister.

Former Ministers

 * Jomde Kena - Minister of Transport, Supply and Transport, Legal Metrology and Consumer Affairs
 * Rajesh Tacho - Minister of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Diary Development, Fisheries
 * Tanga Byaling - Minister of Rural Development, Panchayat
 * Takam Pario - Minister of Public Health Engineering, Disaster Management

title: First Pema Khandu ministry


text:
Nineteen-Day Fast

Adherents of the Baháʼí Faith observe a sunrise-to-sunset fast for nineteen days every March. The practice is regarded as one of the most significant obligations of a Baháʼí, along with daily obligatory prayers. There are several exemptions to the fast, such as pregnancy or illness, and it only applies to those 15 to 70 years old.

The nineteen-day fast was instituted by the Báb, a central figure of the religion. It was later affirmed by Baháʼu'lláh, the founder, and explained in his Kitáb-i-Aqdas. The purpose of the fast is to practice abstinence from carnal desires, rejuvenate one's inner spiritual life, and bring to mind the deprivation experienced by prophets.

The nineteen days of fasting occur immediately after Ayyam-i-Ha, the four or five intercalary days of the Baháʼí calendar dedicated to prepare for the upcoming month of restraint. The fast concludes at the festival of Naw Ruz, on the vernal equinox (20–21 March, depending on the year).

For 2024, fasting takes place from 1-19 March.

History
The Báb, the founder of the Bábí Faith, instituted the Badíʻ calendar with 19 months of 19 days in his book the Persian Bayán, and stated that the last month would be a period of fasting. The Báb stated that the true significance of the fast was abstaining from all except the love of the Messengers from God. The Báb also stated that the continuation of the fast was contingent on the approval of a messianic figure, Him Whom God Shall Make Manifest. Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith, who claimed to be the one foretold by the Báb, accepted the fast but altered many of its details and regulations.

The Baháʼí fast resembles fasting practices of several other religions. Lent is a period of fasting for Christians, Yom Kippur and many other holidays for Jews, and the fast of Ramadan is practiced by Muslims. The Baháʼí fasting most resembles the fast of Ramadan, except that the period of fasting is defined as a fixed Baháʼí month. In contrast, Muslims fast during a lunar month, whose specific Gregorian dates vary yearly.

Definition
Baháʼu'lláh established the guidelines of the fast in the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, his book of laws. Fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset during the Baháʼí month of ʻAlaʼ (between 1/2 March through 19/20 March), and it is the complete abstention from food, and drink. Observing the fast is an individual obligation and is binding on all Baháʼís who have reached the age of 15 until the age of 70; it is not enforceable by the Baháʼí administrative institutions. Various exemptions are given to the sick, the travelling, and others (see below).

While Baháʼís are allowed to fast at other times during the year, fasting at other times is not encouraged and is rarely done; Baháʼu'lláh permitted the making of vows to fast, which was a Muslim practice, but he stated that he preferred that such vows be "directed to such objectives as will profit mankind."

Spiritual nature
Along with obligatory prayer, it is one of the greatest obligations of a Baháʼí. It is intended to bring the person closer to God. Shoghi Effendi, the head of the Baháʼí Faith in the first half of the 20th century, explains that the fast "is essentially a period of meditation and prayer, of spiritual recuperation, during which the believer must strive to make the necessary readjustments in his inner life, and to refresh and reinvigorate the spiritual forces latent in his soul. Its significance and purpose are, therefore, fundamentally spiritual in character. Fasting is symbolic, and a reminder of abstinence from selfish and carnal desires."

Laws concerning fasting
There are laws and practices associated with the Nineteen Day Fast that Baháʼu'lláh established in the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, his book of laws.

Although this is not an explicit law, fast participants should refrain from profane language and gossiping. The faith believes gossiping damages all the souls involved.
 * The period of fasting begins with the termination of the Intercalary Days and ends with the festival of Naw-Rúz.
 * Abstinence from food, drink, and smoking from sunrise to sunset.
 * Fasting is obligatory for men and women once they attain the age of 15.
 * If one eats unconsciously during fasting, this is not breaking the fast as it is an accident.
 * In regions of extremely high latitude where day and night duration varies considerably, the fast times are fixed by the clock.
 * Missed days of fasting are not required to be made up later.
 * There is no mention of abstention from sexual relations while fasting.

Exemptions from fasting
Various exemptions are provided in the Kitáb-i-Aqdas from the obligation of fasting. However, one meeting the exemptions may still choose to fast if they so wish, except for the ill. Baha'u'llah has stated that in "time of ill health it is not permissible to observe these obligations..." The Universal House of Justice has counseled the Baha'is that the decision of whether or not to observe an applicable exemption should be made with wisdom, keeping in mind that the exemptions were set down with good reason. Regarding those engaged in heavy labour, Baha'u'llah has stated, "[I]t is most commendable and fitting to eat with frugality and in private."

 * Those who are ill.
 * Those who are younger than 15 or older than 70.
 * Those who are engaged in heavy labour.
 * Women who are pregnant.
 * Women who are nursing.
 * Women who are menstruating (instead they must perform an ablution and recite the verse Glorified be God, the Lord of Splendour and Beauty 95 times a day).

Exemptions are also given to those travelling during the fast. Exemptions are granted when the travel is longer than 9 hours (or 2 hours if travelling by foot). If the traveller breaks their journey for more than nineteen days, they are only exempt from fasting for the first three days. Also, if they return home, they must begin fasting right away.

title: Nineteen-Day Fast


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Robert Jackson (cornerback)

Robert Jackson (born December 8, 1993) is an American football cornerback who is a free agent. He played college football at UNLV.

Indianapolis Colts
After going undrafted in the 2018 NFL Draft, Jackson signed with the Indianapolis Colts on May 1, 2018. Jackson was waived with an injury designation by the Colts on September 1, 2018, and subsequently reverted to the Colts' injured reserve list. The Colts released Jackson from the injured reserve list with an injury settlement on October 4, 2018.

Houston Texans
Jackson was signed to the Houston Texans' practice squad on October 9, 2018. He was released by the Texans on October 16, 2018.

Cleveland Browns
Jackson was signed to the Cleveland Browns' practice squad on October 31, 2018. He was released by the Browns on December 13, 2018. The Browns re-signed Jackson to a futures contract on January 2, 2019. He remained with the team during the Browns' 2019 training camp, and was waived during final roster cuts on August 31, 2019. Jackson re-signed with the Browns to their practice squad on September 1, 2019. He was elevated to the Browns' active roster on September 20, 2019. He was placed on injured reserve on December 7, 2019, with an ankle injury.

Jackson was waived by the Browns on September 5, 2020. The Browns re-signed Jackson to their practice squad on September 6, 2020. He was elevated to the active roster on September 12, 2020, for the team's Week 1 matchup. Jackson reverted to the Browns' practice squad on September 14, 2020. He was elevated to the active roster for a second time on September 17, 2020, prior to the Browns' week 2 game, and reverted to the practice squad the following day. The Browns promoted Jackson to their active roster on October 14, 2020. On January 12, 2021, Jackson was placed on injured reserve. On February 11, 2021, Jackson was waived by the Browns. He re-signed with the Browns on February 20, 2021. He was waived on August 24, 2021.

Las Vegas Raiders
On September 1, 2021, Jackson was signed to the Las Vegas Raiders practice squad. He was released on October 13, 2021.

Baltimore Ravens
On December 1, 2021, Jackson was signed to the Baltimore Ravens practice squad. On December 5, 2021, Jackson was elevated to the Ravens' active roster in advance of the team's Week 13 loss to the Pittsburgh Steelers, He reverted to the practice squad after the game. He was again elevated to the active roster in advance of the team's Week 15 loss to the Green Bay Packers, and reverted back to the practice squad after the game. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Ravens on January 10, 2022. He was released on August 15, 2022.

title: Robert Jackson (cornerback)


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User:Vuara/UT Linguistics fees

General enquiries<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Financial support enquiries<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Specific enquiries: relevant graduate unit

Mail School of Graduate Studies University of Toronto 63/65 St. George Street Toronto, Ontario Canada M5S 2Z9

Telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>

Admission Requirements

The School of Graduate Studies sets minimum admission requirements as outlined below. However, some departments require a higher average. For specific information on departmental admission requirements, please contact the department that offers the program.

Master's Programs and Full-time Special Students An appropriate four-year bachelor's degree with a final year average of at least mid-B from the University of Toronto, or its equivalent from another recognized university.

Doctoral Programs An appropriate University of Toronto master's degree, or its equivalent, with an average of at least B+, or demonstrated comparable research competence.

Some departments admit directly to the doctoral program from a bachelor's degree, for exceptional students with a minimum final-year average of A-.

+++

UT Linguistics

Program Description The Department offers programmes in linguistics, as well as combined programmes with languages other than English and with Philosophy, as shown in the Programmes of Study.

In addition to the undergraduate curriculum within the Department of Linguistics, there are courses relating to linguistics offered in other departments, such as the language departments, Anthropology, Computer Science, Mathematics, Philosophy, and Psychology, and in the Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence programme.

Program Requirements http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/linguistics/SWU/grad/programmes.shtml

Research http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/linguistics/Wr/index.shtml

Faculty http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/linguistics/FYI/who.html#faculty

Related Programs http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/linguistics/SWU/grad/programmes.shtml Program: Linguistics MA or PhD One Year Full-time Fees - 2003-2004 [1] Doctoral and Doctoral-Stream Master’s – St. George Campus: MA, PhD: 5,442.00 + 705.62 = 6147.62 Doctoral and Doctoral-Stream Master’s – Mississauga Campus             5,442.00 + 632.14 = 6074.14 Doctoral and Doctoral-Stream Master’s – Scarborough Campus:           5,442.00 + 653.82 = 6095.82

UofT Financial Aid http://www.utaps.utoronto.ca/fa/default.htm

Visiting U of T

St. George Campus Walking tours on the St. George campus depart from the Nona Macdonald Visitors Centre, located at 25 King's College Circle. General tours are offered daily Monday through Friday at 11 a.m. and 2 p.m., and on Saturdays and Sundays at 11 a.m.

During the summer months of June, July and August. historical walking tours of the campus are also offered Monday through Friday.

March Break activities begin on Saturday March 13 and run to Friday March 19, 2004. For a detailed schedule, visit the March Break website.

University of Toronto Discovery Day will be on Saturday October 16, 2004.

Prospective applicants are also invited to take part in a St. George Campus Visit starting at 9:30 am on Thursdays and Fridays during the months of October, November, and February through March. In addition to an extensive tour of the campus, these visits include an opportunity for admissions counseling and a residence tour, until March 28.

Please note the following dates tours will not be offered on all campuses as the University is closed:

2004: Friday Apr. 9, 2004 - Sunday April 11, 2004 (inclusive) Saturday May 22, 2004 - Monday May 24, 2004 (inclusive) Saturday July 31, 2004 - Monday Aug. 2, 2004 (inclusive) Thursday July 1, 2004 - Sunday July 4, 2004 (inclusive) Saturday Sept. 4, 2004 - Monday Sept. 6, 2004 (inclusive) Saturday Oct. 9, 2004 - Monday Oct. 11, 2004 (inclusive)

All tours are free of charge. Bookings are not required for groups under 10 people; for larger groups we would be delighted to arrange a special tour. To book a St. George tour, or for more information, please call<PHONE_NUMBER>.

title: User:Vuara/UT Linguistics fees


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Six of One (novel)

Six of One is a 1978 novel by Rita Mae Brown. It is the first in her Runnymede series of books about a small town on the Mason-Dixon line and its sometimes eccentric residents. It is also the first of the Hunsenmeir trilogy, a subset of the Runnymede series, which focuses on the elderly Hunsenmeir sisters. According to Brown, the sisters are based on her own mother and aunt, who "do tend to dominate in a way", and the town is based on her own birthplace, about which she says: "It’s really interesting to have one foot in the North and one foot in the South."

Synopsis
Six of One is set in Runnymede, a fictional Maryland town that straddles the Mason–Dixon line. The narrative moves back and forth in time, following a colorful cast of characters. Thirty-five-year-old Nickel (Nicole), a bisexual woman, is the first-person narrator. Her adoptive mother, Juts (Julia Ellen), and aunt Wheezie (Louise) Hunsenmeir have been quibbling and making up since they were small girls in 1908, the earliest part of the story. In 1980, the contemporary part of the novel, the sisters are in their 70s and still at it. Most of the characters are female, each with her own over-the-top propensities: Celeste Chalfonte murders the local weapons tycoon for principle, and shares her lover Ramelle with her brother. Cora, Celeste's servant and friend, illiterate, simple and hardworking, is the mother of the bickering Hunsenmeir sisters. Fannie Jump Creighton turns her aristocratic home into a speakeasy during prohibition, to survive the Great Depression. Events both minor and historic are treated with light humor, with only the occasional more serious tone.

Characters

 * Nicole "Nickel" Smith: First-person narrator, a young bisexual writer, who has returned to her home town to figure out her next step in life. Juts is her adopted mother.
 * Louise "Wheezie" and Julia "Juts" Hunsenmeir: Boldly eccentric sisters. Wheezie and Juts spend their whole lives in Runnymede, deeply devoted to each other, though constantly bickering and holding grudges.
 * Celeste Chalfonte: Headstrong and aristocratic, Celeste is the witty intellectual lesbian heiress, living with her beautiful young lover Ramelle in her mansion on the hill.
 * Cora Hunsenmeir: Mother of Wheezie and Juts, and lifelong friend and servant of Celeste.
 * Fannie Jump Creighton: Highly sexual and alcohol loving southern belle, who runs a speakeasy in her home.
 * Ramelle Bowman: Celeste's long-term partner. Has a child with Celeste's brother, Curtis.

The Runnymede series

 * Six of One (1978), Harper & Row
 * Bingo (1988), Bantam
 * Loose Lips (1999), Bantam
 * The Sand Castle (2008), Grove/Atlantic
 * Cakewalk (2016), Bantam

Reception
Susanna Rodell, in Harvard University's Crimson Review, writes that "Six of One is an attempt to construct a fictional feminist history of the 20th century in America, through the lives of women living in a small town in Maryland." She finds the book "fun", with dialog that is "rich and raunchy, often delightful". She does find the style of the novel "uneven", but only on an "essentially cosmetic" level.

The Kirkus review of Six of One states: "Though the march through time gets a little forced at times, Brown is always ready to bring us back to Runnymeade and its pranks... At her winning, fondest best, Brown has some of the same effervescent yet secure trust in her local characters that Eudora Welty feels for hers. Girls are more fun, seems to be the message; on the evidence of these here--no argument.

Amanda Bearse, writing for The Advocate, called Six of One "an easy and delightful read". In the Washington Post Book World, Cynthia McDonald raved about the book because "The vision of women we have usually gotten from women novelists is of pain and struggle or pain and passivity; it is seldom joyous and passionate, and almost never funny. And what humor there was has been of the suffering, self-deprecating New York Jewish stand-up comedian type. Six of One by Rita Mae Brown is joyous, passionate and funny. What a pleasure!"

Awards
Brown received grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Massachusetts Arts Council to publish Six of One.

title: Six of One (novel)


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English grammar

Communicating effectively

What is grammar?
Grammar is a field of linguistics that comprises the rules of language. These rules are always changing and differ from area to area and from language to language.

Subfields of Grammar/Lingustics
There are multiple sub-fields of Grammar/Linguistics. These subfields include:
 * Phonetics
 * Phonology
 * Morphology
 * Syntax
 * Semantics
 * Pragmatics

Origins of English
English is a West Germanic language. It came from Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Britain in the mid-5th to 7th centuries AD by Anglo-Saxons who migrated from what is now northwest Germany, southern Denmark and the Netherlands. It is also heavily based on Latin, the language used by the Roman Empire, that existed from 27 BC to around 1453.

Parts of Speech
There are nine different parts of speech, each with several subcategories.
 * noun - a word that names a person, animal, place, thing, or idea. A commonly found subcategory of the noun in English is the proper noun, which denotes someone or something's name with a capital letter at the beginning of the word.  (examples: fireman, dog, church, computer, friendship, Russia)
 * verb - a word that describes an action or state of existence. The most common verbs you'll see are called 'action verbs', but there exists many other kinds of verbs as well such as the 'auxiliary verb', which gives functional or grammatical meaning to the sentence it appears in. Common examples are 'is' and 'was'.  (examples: run, jump, like, want, is)
 * pronoun - a word that is used in place of a noun. These are used to decrease redundancy in sentences. The pronoun 'I' is always capitalised in a sentence.  (examples: I, you, he, she, we, they)
 * adjective - a word that describes a noun  (examples: big, red, dark)
 * adverb - a word that modifies a verb or adjective (when, where, how)  (examples: quickly, yesterday, everywhere)
 * preposition - a word that connects a noun or pronoun to a sentence  (examples: on, at, by, as, after)
 * conjunction - a word that links two words, phrases, or sentences  (example: and, or, because)
 * interjection - a word that conveys emotion  (example: ahem!, egad!, ouch!, yahoo!)
 * articles - a word that introduces a noun  (example: a, an, the)

The Basics of the Noun
This can be used almost anywhere in speech such as when your talking about multiple things like food or even games.

Simple Subject
A simple subject is a noun that tells who or what the sentence is about. Usually a simple subject is one word. Read the following example sentence: Bob jumped. In the sentence, Bob is the simple subject. Bob is the who or what of the sentence. Read the following example sentence: Bob the basketball star jumped three feet in the air. Bob is still the simple subject of the sentence.

Simple Predicate
The simple predicate is the verb or verb phrase. It tells what the subject did, is doing, or will do. Read the following example sentence: Bob jumped. In the sentence, jumped is the simple predicate. Jumped is the 'What did he do' of the sentence. Read the following example sentence: Bob the basketball star jumped three feet in the air. Jumped is still the simple predicate of the sentence.

Helping Verbs in the Past Tense
To obtain a clear understanding of the helping verb in the English past tense, we must review the simple past, since that is what we will use for our examples. The simple past includes sentences like 'Bob jumped' or 'Bob flew.' However, when we add a helping verb that does not change the actual tense, the main verb reverts to the infinitive.

Example: Bob jumped. Bob flew. Bob did jump. Bob did fly.

Confusing words, Idioms, Colloquialisms, and Slang

 * Situation / Position / Condition
 * Animal idioms

title: English grammar


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User:JSchaf4/sandbox

Deinococcus frigens is a species of low temperature and drought-tolerating, UV-resistant bacteria from Antarctica. It is Gram-positive, non-motile and coccoid-shaped. Its type strain is AA-692. Individual Deinococcus frigens range in size from 0.9-2.0 μm and colonies appear orange or pink in color. Liquid-grown cells viewed using phase-contrast light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy on agar-coated slides show that isolated D. frigens appear to produce buds. Comparison of the genomes of Deiococcus radiodurans and D. frigens have predicted that no flagellar assembly exists in D. frigens.

Discovery
Deinococcus frigens was discovered in 2004 by Peter Hirsch, a researcher at the Institute for General Microbiology of the Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, in soil samples gathered from the ice-free McMurdo Dry Valleys of Continental Antarctica. Whether D. frigens can be found in other areas of the Antarctic is currently unknown. The soil sample containing D. frigens was collected from the top 0-4 cm of soil at pH 6.3. To enrich for certain bacteria, the soil sample was added to PYGV medium and incubated at 9°C and pH 8.0. PYGV is a media containing peptone, yeast, and glucose at low concentrations, first used to culture freshwater bacteria that could survive oligotrophic conditions, or low amounts of nutrients. To isolate and cultivate these bacteria, enrichment samples taken at various time intervals were streaked on PYGV plates, where individual colonies could be subcultured onto PYGV slants.

Taxonomy
Deinococcus frigens is an extremophilic, gram-positive cocci bacterium. The Deinococcus genus is generally known for its resistance to very large doses of radiation, and the species D. frigens is no exception. The species designation “frigens” refers to the harsh, cold climate of Antarctica where this microbe is found. It is situated in a small clade of the Deinococcus genus that also includes two other species found in the area: Deinococcus saxicola and Deinococcus marmoris. Using 16s rRNA sequencing as a basis of comparison, D. frigens has been found to have a 97.3% similarity with D. saxicola and a 96.6% similarity to D. marmoris. The closest relative to these three more recently-discovered species is Deinococcus radiopugnans, which has a genome with a 96.1% similarity. The full scientific classification of this species is Kingdom Bacteria, Phylum Deinococcus-Thermus, Class Deinococci, Order Deinococcales, Family Deinococcaceae, Genus Deinococcus, Species D. frigens.

Genome
DNA sequences from six isolates found in the McMurdo Valley were determined by extraction of the genomic DNA, PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA, and analysis of the PCR product sequences. To determine their phylogenetic positions, these isolated sequences were subjected to genetic comparative analysis. Using sequence databases, these six isolates were shown to all be related to the Deinococcus lineage; however, they form three coherent clusters, separate from other Deinococcus species. DNA-DNA similarity data, obtained using the DNA hybridization technique, shows that these three clusters represented three new species of Deinococcus, and were given the names D. frigens, D. saxicola, and D. marmoris. D. frigens has 2,015,889 base pairs in its DNA with a GC-content of 65.5% and 3,987 genes coding for proteins. This high GC-content contributes to the thermal tolerance of this bacteria, and such adaptations have led D. frigens to be dubbed "extremo-tolerant." According to the KEGG database, within its genome, D. fringens contains genes which encode for sulfate reduction, no apparent pathogenicity, and utilizes a two-component chemotaxis system.

Growth Conditions
Deinococcus species such as these are well known for being some of the most resilient bacteria discovered on Earth. Deinococcus frigens is in many ways similar to other microbes of the Deinococcus genus, but with a several adaptations that allow it to live in the extreme environment of the Antarctic- an area characterized by heavy, incessant winds, droughts, and severely cold winters. D. frigens is aerobic to facultatively anaerobic allowing it to survive in topsoil, and it is able to hydrolyze glucose, acetate, and casein for use as carbon sources. Additionally, this species grows at low temperatures, ranging from 1-21°C, which was determined by placing test tubes containing isolates into an aluminum block that produced a range of temperatures from 0-40°C. D. frigens can tolerate growth in up to 10% NaCl and can grow in pH ranging from 3.8-8.7. To determine ideal NaCl concentration and pH levels for growth, isolated samples were placed into several PYGV plates where various amounts of NaCl, ranging from 1-20% weight by volume, and 0.05 g*1-1 phosphate buffer were added respectively. D. frigens is also resistant to UV radiation. By placing samples of D. frigens at various distances, 8-12cm, from a 254nm UV lamp, the bacterial growth under UV conditions could then be measured over 4-20 minute time periods.

Relevance
These extremo-tolerant characteristics make D. frigens a candidate for further study in areas as diverse as cancer, aging, and microbiology in space. Because of their hardy nature and extreme characteristics, Deinococcus species are often used as model organisms for oncological and aging studies. Their ability to combat oxidative stress and the formation of carcinogenic reactive oxygen species may be the vital key in future endeavors for anti aging research and anticancer treatments. The psychrophilic, or thriving in cold temperatures, nature of D. frigens is also of interest to humanity. Psychrophiles’ ability to survive in extremely cold environments may potentially be studied by astrophysicists trying to unlock the key to exploring frozen environments within our solar system. Indeed, the field of "astrobiology” seeks to explore life within the upper atmosphere of Earth. Psychrophiles in the atmosphere have been found living at the very interface between water and ice, and new species, such as Colwellia psychrerythraea have been discovered as a result of this research. Psychrophilic bacteria have also been shown to contain unique lipids and membrane structures which help add stability to the membrane of the cells. In general, microorganisms from the Antarctic are used as model organisms for studying methods and tools of adaptation to extremely cold temperatures.

title: User:JSchaf4/sandbox


text:
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Ndweasf/Archive

Suspected sockpuppets

Both users are single-purpose accounts used for the intention of creating a Wikipedia article for Aleen Nichol Johnson, an article with significant notability issues. Both users have initially utilized the Draft wikispace before moving the page to the article space, and have performed no edits outside of the article or its talk page.

Previously, created an article under the name Aleen N. Johnson. I nominated the article for deletion, and the consensus was to delete; the article was subsequently deleted on 30 June 2020. The Aleen Nichol Johnson article's first edit, performed by was on 8 July, merely eight days later; the page was moved to the mainspace on 14 July. Many of the citations in the latter article are tabloids or lad magazines, and it may possibly not fit notability standards. Of note is that when the first article was deleted, it also had eight citations, up from four when the AfD process started. Perhaps they are the same exact citations? And both articles have an extremely similar format and formula, too.

To conclude, I believe there is too much parallel behavior between both the users and both the articles. Because of this, I believe it may be a warranted exercise to pursue a CheckUser measure for both accounts if that is deemed necessary. Mungo Kitsch (talk) 08:04, 14 August 2020 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * Pretty confident they're the same person (the deleted article and new article are substantially similar, including some odd capitalization shared between the two). However, this is not sockpuppetry, since there is no overlap in edit times (this could be explained by, for example, a forgotten password). I am going to drop a uw-agf-sock on both and G4 the draft. GeneralNotability (talk) 19:50, 14 August 2020 (UTC)


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User:Sultanmasroor

Sultan wali shah is a pakistani Born February-01-1985 Party All Pakistan Muslim League previous office personnel Assistant unicorp International Contracting Co.LTD

title: User:Sultanmasroor


text:
General Chemistry/Types of chemical reactions

The general form of a synthesis reaction is A + B → AB. Synthesis reactions "put things together".

Because of the very high reactivities of sodium metal and chlorine gas, this reaction releases a tremendous amount of heat and light energy. Recall that atoms release energy as they become stable, and consider the octet rule when determining why this reaction has such favorable features.

Decomposition Reactions
These are the same number of synthesis reactions, with the format AB → A + B. Decomposition reactions "take things apart". Just as synthesis reactions can only form one product, decomposition reactions can only start with one reactant. Compounds that are unstable decompose quickly without outside assistance. Also they help other atoms to decompose better.

Single Displacement Reactions
Single displacement reaction, also called single replacement, is a reaction in which 2 elements are substituted for another element in a compound. The starting materials are always pure elements, such as a pure zinc metal or hydrogen gas plus an aqueous compound. When a displacement reaction occurs, a new aqueous compound and a different pure element are generated as products. Its format is AB + C → AC + B. Single Diplacement Adding hydrochloric acid to zinc will cause a gas to bubble out:

$$\hbox{Zn}_{(s)} + 2\hbox{HCl}_{(aq)} \to \hbox{ZnCl}_{2(aq)} + \hbox{H}_{2(g)}$$

Double Displacement Reactions
In these reactions, two compounds swap components, in the format AB + CD → AD + CB

This is also called an "exchange". Here are the examples below:

1.) HCl + NaOH > NaCl + H 2 O

Precipitation
A precipitation reaction occurs when an ionic substance comes out of solution and forms an insoluble (or slightly soluble) solid. The solid which comes out of solution is called a precipitate. This can occur when two soluble salts (ionic compounds) are mixed and form an insoluble one—the precipitate.

In the solution, there exists both lead and iodide ions. Because lead iodide is insoluble, they spontaneously crystallise and form the precipitate.

Acid-Base Neutralization
In simple terms, an acid is a substance which can lose a H+ ion (i.e. a proton) and a base is a substance which can accept a proton. When equal amounts of an acid and base react, they neutralize each other, forming species which aren't as acidic or basic.

Acid base reactions often happen in aqueous solution, but they can also occur in the gaseous state. Acids and bases will be discussed in much greater detail in the acids and bases section.

Combustion
Combustion, better known as burning, is the combination of a substance with oxygen. The products are carbon dioxide, water, and possible other waste products. Combustion reactions release large amounts of heat. C3H8, better known as propane, undergoes combustion. The balanced equation is:

$$\hbox{C}_3\hbox{H}_8 + 5\hbox{O}_2 \to 3\hbox{CO}_2 + 4\hbox{H}_2\hbox{O}$$

Combustion is similar to a decomposition reaction, except that oxygen and heat are required for it to occur. If there is not enough oxygen, the reaction may not occur. Sometimes, with limited oxygen, the reaction will occur, but it produces carbon monoxide (CO) or even soot. In that case, it is called incomplete combustion. If the substances being burned contain atoms other than hydrogen and oxygen, then waste products will also form. Coal is burned for heating and energy purposes, and it contains sulfur. As a result, sulfur dioxide is released, which is a pollutant. Coal with lower sulfur content is more desirable, but more expensive, because it will release less of the sulfur-based pollutants.

Organic Reactions
Organic reactions occur between organic molecules (molecules containing carbon and hydrogen). Since there is a virtually unlimited number of organic molecules, the scope of organic reactions is very large. However, many of the characteristics of organic molecules are determined by functional groups—small groups of atoms that react in predictable ways.

Another key concept in organic reactions is Lewis basicity. Parts of organic molecules can be electrophillic (electron-loving) or nucleophillic (nucleus, or positive loving). Nucleophillic regions have an excess of electrons—they act as Lewis bases—whereas electrophillic areas are electron deficient and act as Lewis acids. The nucleophillic and electrophillic regions attract and react with each other. Organic reactions are beyond the scope of this book, and are covered in more detail in Organic Chemistry. However, most organic substances can undergo replacement reactions and combustion reactions, as you have already learned.

Redox
Redox is an abbreviation of reduction/oxidation reactions. This is exactly what happens in a redox reaction, one species is reduced and another is oxidized. Reduction involves a gain of electrons and oxidation involves a loss, so a redox reaction is one in which electrons are transferred between species. Reactions where something is "burnt" (burning means being oxidised) are examples of redox reactions, however, oxidation reactions also occur in solution, which is very useful and forms the basis of electrochemistry.

Redox reactions are often written as two half-reactions showing the reduction and oxidation processes separately. These half-reactions are balanced (by multiplying each by a coefficient) and added together to form the full equation. When magnesium is burnt in oxygen, it loses electrons (it is oxidised). Conversely, the oxygen gains electrons from the magnesium (it is reduced).

$$\begin{matrix} \hbox{Mg} &\to& \hbox{Mg}^{2+} + 2e^- & \times 2 \\ \hbox{O}_2 + 4e^- &\to& 2\hbox{O}^{2-} & \times 1 \\ 2\hbox{Mg} + \hbox{O}_2 + 4e^- &\to& 2\hbox{MgO} + 4e^- & \ \\ \end{matrix}$$

Redox reactions will be discussed in greater detail in the redox section.


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User:Tammykchao/be bold

Being bold is important on Wikipedia.

Tammykchao (talk) 00:04, 22 October 2017 (UTC)

title: User:Tammykchao/be bold


text:
Vietnamese/Tense

Unlike Western languages, Vietnamese doesn't change the ending of the verb (that is, verbs don't conjugate) to express when the statement occurs (the statement's tense). Instead, Vietnamese relies on context to express tense. So, where textbooks for other languages will need to spend chapters and chapters, or pages and pages, to teach you how to change tense, we'll teach you in one page! See what we mean by simple?

Tense words
One way to do this is to add certain words either before the verb itself, or at the end of the sentence, or both:

Present tense
As in most languages, you don't have to do anything special for the present tense – no words expressing tense need to be added. Example:

Tôi học I study

Present progressive tense
Place đang in front of the verb. Example:

Tôi đang học I am studying

Past tense
Either place đã in front of the verb, or place rồi at the end of the sentence. You can use both, and it often sounds better when you do use both, but it's not necessary, because both words mean "already." Example:

Anh đã</rb> <rb>học</rb> He  already studied</rt>

can also be written as:

<rb>Anh học</rb> <rb style="font-weight: bold">rồi</rb> He   studied already</rt>

Whereas many other languages have two past tenses – the preterite and imperfect past – Vietnamese has only one.

Future tense
Place sẽ (will, shall, is about to, plans to) in front of the verb. Example:

<rb>Anh</rb> <rb style="font-weight: bold">sẽ</rb> <rb>học</rb> He will study</rt>

Time words
There is another, more natural way of expressing tense. Just use words that express time in the sentence:

Present tense
Again, you don't have to do anything special here. But sometimes it's helpful to add hôm nay (today) at the beginning or end of the sentence, just to clear things up.

Present progressive tense
Place words like bây giờ (now) or phrases like ngay bây giờ (right now) at the beginning or end of the sentence.

Past tense
Place words like hôm qua (yesterday) at the beginning or end of the sentence, or words like mới (recently) right before the verb. You can do both, actually.

Future tense
Place words like ngày mai (tomorrow) at the beginning or end of the sentence.

Context
Although other methods of expressing tense also rely on context in the sentence, another way to express tense has to do with common sense. For example, in the sentence,. ..

(More to come.)

title: Vietnamese/Tense


text:
Talk:Dave Cowens

YouTube video providing family background
Cowens talks here about his father and mentions a couple of things on his family you might want to add. Towards the end of the interview he discusses for a couple of minutes the 'taxi incident' and how it became famous due to a Sports Illustrated reporter entering his cab after a Bruins game.

Improvements
Just made a series of needed improvements to the organization and wording of the article. The article needs more sources, better sources, and an expansion of the section on Cowens's prime NBA years. It has been tagged. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:00, 16 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dave Cowens