text:
Betrayal trauma

Betrayal trauma is defined as a trauma perpetrated by someone with whom the victim is close to and reliant upon for support and survival. The concept was originally introduced by Jennifer Freyd in 1994. Betrayal trauma theory (BTT), addresses situations when people or institutions on which a person relies for protection, resources, and survival violate the trust or well-being of that person. BTT emphasizes the importance of betrayal as a core antecedent of dissociation, implicitly aimed at preserving the relationship with the caregiver. BTT suggests that an individual (e.g. a child or spouse), being dependent on another (e.g. their caregiver or partner) for support, will have a higher need to dissociate traumatic experiences from conscious awareness in order to preserve the relationship.

Background
Betrayal trauma theory emerged to integrate evolutionary processes, mental modules, social cognitions, and developmental needs with the extent to which the fundamental ethic of human relationships are violated. A foundational component of the dissociative aspect of BTT postulates that all humans possess an inherent mental mechanism to detect violations of social contracts (i.e., "cheater detectors"). BTT posits that in the context of abusive relationships in which escape is not a viable option, the cheater-detecting mechanism may be suppressed for the higher goal of survival. Thus, betrayal trauma offers a theory of psychogenic amnesia designed to evaluate both the role of attachment in human survival and the significance of blocking the painful experience.

Child sexual abuse
Child sexual abuse (CSA) can involve molestation by one or more caregivers or close relatives. While physical and emotional abuse during childhood is present in the context of BTT, research has found that CSA leads to more significant disruption in capacities and is more characteristic of a substantial violation of human ethics. Notably, the degree to which one is violated by a caregiver or close relationship can influence the nature of and response to trauma. BTT suggests that CSA is closely linked with psychogenic amnesia or other dissociative processes occurring as a means to maintain an attachment with the caregiver and promote survival. For the victim to acknowledge the violation of CSA could increase their risk of impaired attachment provided by the caregiver and increase the potential of danger to the child. Such trauma has direct links to eliciting the process of "betrayal blindness". Similarly, evidence suggests that such trauma is more likely to be forgotten as compared to non-sexual childhood abuse. In order to help mitigate such trauma being forgotten or children being re-victimized, early interventions have been suggested. These early intervention efforts are thought to help with the long-term consequences of betrayal trauma.

Institutional betrayal
Institutional betrayal refers to wrongdoings perpetrated when an institution fails to prevent or appropriately respond to wrongdoings by other individuals. In instances when individuals experiencing traumatic events place a great deal of trust in the legal, medical, and mental health systems to address their wrongs they risk disbelief, blame, and refusal of help. Priorities of the institution, such as protecting their reputation, may increase the likelihood that institutions fail to respond appropriately. Institutions may strenuously attempt to prevent knowledge of said assaults from surfacing, which can take the form of attempting to silence the individual. Lack of validation and interpersonal trauma from institutional betrayal can be examined through a BTT lens and have been described as a "second assault," which can exacerbate the effects of the initial trauma incurred.

Academic institutions
Betrayal trauma via institutional betrayal can be particularly pervasive in environments that normalize abusive contexts, adopt procedures and policies that are unclear and potentially stigmatising, support cover-ups and misinformation, and punish victims and whistle blowers. Sexual assaults which take place on college campuses in which the system is unhelpful and unresponsive constitute BT. Similarly, sexual assault committed by close others in the context that the betrayal is implicit, and challenging to detect, has received increased attention in the media through campaigns oriented to highlight the prevalence of abuse in professional and academic institutions.

In the 2010s literature has expanded in this area to evaluate minority populations such as gender and sexual minorities (GSM), who may be at increased risk of experiencing institutional betrayal in academic institutions.

Military
In an effort to directly measure institutional betrayal, results from comparisons of female veterans who experienced civilian sexual assault and those who experienced sexual assault in the United States military indicated that institutional betrayal was higher in military contexts when members were highly dependent upon the military for safety, protection, and employment. Although research investigating military sexual trauma (MST) is still in its infancy, literature has identified the perpetrator-victim relationship as a primary impediment to reporting the assault which could impact job status and contribute to disruptions in unit cohesion, ostracization, inability to leave or transfer duty stations.

Evidence evaluating the impact of assault or harassment during military service, and medical care is fraught with victim blaming and implicit policies of disrespectful treatment. Additionally emerging research has found that institutions (e.g., occupational settings, religious organizations, and schools) have the potential to worsen posttraumatic outcomes or be a source of social harm and injustice.

Law enforcement
Literature indicates that the U.S. police force has a demonstrably long history of using coercive force. However, recent deaths suspected to be the result of police officers using excessive force (e.g., shooting of Stephon Clark, shooting of Philando Castile) have shone light upon the issue of police brutality as a form of institutional betrayal. Research has identified that cultural minorities tend to experience police brutality more frequently than their European American counterparts due to stereotypes associating criminal activity with race/ethnicity, particularly in urban areas where crime rates are high and the presence of cultural minorities is more prevalent. Additionally, recent studies have identified mentally ill individuals as being at a higher risk for experiencing police brutality, especially with regard to suicide by cop.

Healthcare system
Emerging literature has articulated a need for furthering research that evaluates the prevalence and impact of institutional betrayal in healthcare settings, with an emphasis on understanding the relationship between the level of trust patients place in physicians, associated expectations that physicians will prioritize protections to patients' welfare, and incurred adverse medical experiences which are conceptualized as institutional betrayal.

Romantic betrayal
When evaluating betrayal trauma in romantic relationships, earlier literature focused on the impact of infidelity in monogamous relationships. Within this context, the betrayal is present in the relationship as a breach of an unspoken agreement. More recent literature exploring BTT in romantic partnerships has focused on the inclusion of domestic violence (DV). DV involves a betrayal of trust when one partner is repeatedly beaten, degraded, and violated and has been shown to constitute BTT, particularly in instances when the victim remains with or returns to the abuser, does not report the abuse, or underreports the severity of ongoing abuse which have been linked to deep feelings of shame and anxiety in the victim. Attachment injury has been indicated as an additional component of BTT in romantic contexts, characterized by abandonment or betrayal of trust during moments of need.

In the context of intimate partner violence (IPV), vulnerability/fear, relationship expectations, shame/low self-esteem, and communication issues are suggested to be ways exposure to betrayal trauma manifests and subsequently serves as a barrier to forming new romantic relationships.

Attachment theory
John Bowlby in 1969 was the first to identify the link between attachment processes and dissociative psychopathology. He referred to internal representations as Internal Working Models (IWM) with which one can discern which internal content is dominant and warrants attention, and which such content can be segregated into one's unconscious awareness. Once the attachment system is activated, the IWM is identified as a guide to the formation of both the attachment behavior and the appraisal of attachment emotions in self and others. Bowlby emphasizes that traumatizing experiences with one's caregiver are likely to have detrimental effects on a child's attachment security, stress responses, coping strategies, and sense of self.

Securely organized IWM: Evidence indicates that secure attachment is associated with positive appraisals of one's own attachment emotions and expectations that the child's request will be experienced as significant and legitimate by their caregiver.

Insecurely organized IWM (avoidant or resistant): Associated with a negative appraisal of attachment emotions and expectations that one's request for attention and attachment will be received as a nuisance or an intrusion to the caregiver.

Disorganized IWM: Linked to unresolved traumas and losses experienced by the caregiver and the effect had on the subsequent attachment style with their offspring. Main and Hesse in 1990 theorized that in the context of BTT disorganized attachment develops when the caregiver is both a source of the child's solution and a source of fright. This form of attachment is proposed to more frequently experience altered consciousness akin to dissociation.

Dissociation
Dissociation is described as the disruption of conscious memory, identity, or perception of one's immediate environment. Freyd and colleagues (2007) identified "knowledge isolation" or the extent to which information is hidden from awareness. From a neurological perspective, dissociation during times of extreme stress or trauma can invoke neural mechanisms resulting in long-term alterations in brain functioning. Additional evidence has implicated the effect of childhood trauma as an etiological factor of dissociation. Research suggests that the level of betrayal trauma experienced (e.g., high, moderate, low) can influence the degree of dissociation. Low betrayal trauma (LBT) are conceptualized as no less severe than high betrayal trauma (HBT), yet are posited to lack the violation of trust which characterizes HBT. Additionally, consolidated empirical evidence has indicated that exposure to HBT is linked to increased levels of dissociation and impaired memory of trauma-related words as compared to low dissociators.

Trauma and stressor-related disorders frequently include dissociative experiences. Evidence suggests that dissociation during trauma enables affected individuals to compartmentalize the traumatic experience from their conscious awareness. In the context of BTT, dissociation is conceptualized as an adaptive process aimed to maintain self-preservation and serve as protection against psychological pain. Perspectives from the development of psychopathology paired with attachment theory cite the mechanism of dissociation as a core feature in understanding environmentally produced psychiatric disorders. Evidence has indicated that dissociation can occur in extreme cases, when an alternative personality state can emerge (i.e. altered), as frequently implicated in the dissociative identity disorder (DID).

Loss of the assumptive world
The assumptive world refers to a core belief system reflecting that individuals perceive the world as secure and fair. Janoff-Bulman (1992) identified three assumptions (e.g. the world as benevolent, meaningful, and worthy), which can be shattered by distortions in social behavior. In the context of BTT, violations perpetrated by caregivers or close relationships have been implicated to impair views of the assumptive world and contribute to avoidance of the trauma experienced.

Presence in psychopathology
Models of attachment-based dissociative disorders and trauma-related disorders involving betrayal trauma have been indicated in diagnostic groups such as posttraumatic stress disorder, personality disorders, trauma and stress-related disorders, dissociative disorders, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders and substance-related and addictive disorders. Many of these disorders can result from betrayal trauma, and such trauma should be explored as a possible contributor to symptoms.

Posttraumatic stress disorder
BTT includes individuals who experience little or no conscious awareness of their trauma. If the trauma survivor does not have conscious knowledge, the effects of the abuse can manifest instead with physical and psychological symptoms such as dissociation. Many have found that dissociation can be a predictor of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Dissociative identity disorder
Some trauma victims deploy a protective response such as dissociation or repression to block awareness of the trauma. BTT indicates that childhood sexual abuse and other interpersonal injuries create the dissociative reaction. Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is commonly connected with prolonged overwhelming trauma such as childhood sexual abuse. This trauma can create a disruption in identity where there are two or more distinct personalities in one person where perception, cognition, and sense of self and agency is different. The person may experience gaps in the recall of everyday events or traumatic events.

Substance use disorders
There have been suggestions that interpersonal trauma such as betrayal trauma can in some cases have links to substance use. This substance use may be episodic binge drinking or chronic substance use that can meet diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder. Research found that childhood physical or sexual abuse is at increased risk for substance abuse. Some postulate that because betrayal trauma can create a loss of control that loss of control incorporates into substance use. Others think substance use is a way to cope with posttraumatic negative affect traits such as avoidance, tension reduction or self-medication.

Personality disorders
The development of borderline personality disorder (BPD) may have links to early maltreatment and attachment difficulties. The maltreatment is sometimes because of the emotional, physical, verbal or sexual abuse by caregivers. BTT incorporates both attachment and damage from a caregiver in the definition of the theory. BTT includes dissociation as a diagnostic criterion for BPD. Some postulate that BTT may explain dissociation that BPD experience because dissociation is a defense mechanism against childhood trauma. High betrayal traumas have been implicated in the development of traits indicative of borderline personality disorder. This is likely due to the parents of a child with BPD also frequently having personality disorders themselves, which has a neurodevelopmental effect, through their genetics, as well as an environmental impact on the child. BPD is often linked to placidity and presenting less resistance to abuse and allowing it to continue, or even profiting off of it due to heightened threat-proxy features within BPD, such as BDSM and masochism.

Pathological Narcissism is another personality disorder in which betrayal trauma may have an impact as narcissism is functionally similar to BPD. High betrayal trauma significantly predicted both grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic dimensions.

Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
Dissociation is a severe symptom of betrayal trauma, and recently hallucinations have been linked to extreme cases of betrayal trauma. Research found that childhood adversity such as interpersonal trauma like betrayal trauma, bullying, and a parent's death is at increased risk for psychosis and hallucinations. There is research suggesting that individually, the betrayal trauma of childhood abuse is related to hallucinations. The long-standing intervention for the treatment of hallucinations has been medication, but new research suggests that the treatment of betrayal trauma may reduce hallucinations when childhood sexual abuse is present in the person's past.

Intergenerational effects
Individuals' levels of dissociation have been found to correlate with betrayal trauma experienced by the individual, but also with betrayal trauma experienced by the mother. As a possible mechanism for such intergenerational transmission, it has been proposed that mothers with betrayal traumas or dissociative symptoms may have more difficulty in creating a safe environment for their children.

Betrayal assessments
The Betrayal Trauma Inventory (BTI) was created to assess for BTT in patients. The inventory assesses physical, emotional and sexual abuse in childhood and/or adulthood traumas. Many of the questions have behaviorally defined events such as "did someone hold your head under water or tried to drown you before you were the age of 16". The response to these questions with "yes" can start the follow-up questions that may include age, relationship, the severity of injuries and memory of the event. These items were adapted from the Abuse and Perpetration Inventory (API). The BTI takes around 45-minutes to administer and only assesses trauma before age 16.

The Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey (BBTS) was adapted from the BTI in order to quickly assess for BTT. This survey includes 11 separate items for traumatic experiences such as sexual, physical and emotional abuse. It includes if the person was a someone close to them or an interpersonal event. This survey looks at events prior to age 18.

The Institutional Betrayal Questionnaire (IBQ), created by Smith and Freyd (2011), is a 10-item questionnaire that assesses institutional betrayal in the context of sexual assault on college campus' and identifies the level of involvement of the institution in the unwanted sexual experience and associated experiences (e.g., normalizing sexual assault, creating environments which facilitate sexual assault, and covering up incidents of sexual assault).

Interventions
Treatment for betrayal trauma is relatively new to psychology. Many advocate for evidence-based treatments tailored to specific diagnoses; others feel that betrayal trauma is unique and should be treated with an individualized approach. An article by Jennifer M. Gómez in 2016 postulated that relational-cultural therapy is a match for treating betrayal trauma. This therapy established by Jean Miller following the emerging feminist therapies suggested that the therapist should focus on the relational disconnections a client is experiencing as opposed to symptoms. Working through decontextualizing the betrayal trauma and separating self-decision-making is postulated to work better for the treatment of betrayal trauma.

In the intersection of trauma and addiction psychology, Patrick Carnes and Bonnie Phillips have used betrayal bonding and betrayal trauma within a program for healing people who are in exploitive relationships.

title: Betrayal trauma


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User:Bobilobio

Please tell us more about yourself. (Erase this and begin!) Robert Elliott 09:07, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Bobilobio


text:
San Nicasio

San Nicasio is a Spanish brand of gourmet potato chips, established in 1999. The slow cooked chips have won a number of food industry awards for quality and have received a level of notoriety due to the high price tag of the product.

History
San Nicasio was established in 1999 in Priego de Córdoba, in the Andalusian mountains of Spain, by Rafael del Rosal Lopez and his wife Carmen Osuna. They are being distributed by Fayrefield Foods in the UK, who are targeting distributors such as Harvey Nichols and Harrods.

Product
San Nicasio are handmade small-batch potato chips, made with Catalan potatoes, extra virgin olive oil and Himalayan pink salt (a marketing term for rock salt mined in Khewra Salt Mines, Pakistan). The olive oil used has the "Priego de Córdoba" denomination of origin. , they are only available in salted flavour and two sizes, 40 g and 190 g.

Cooking
The chips are slow cooked, unlike most other brand-name chips. According to owner Lopez this is "to prevent the formation of undesirable substances".

Pricing
The product received significant press coverage on release in the United Kingdom due to the financial market at the time and the GB£4 pricing for the larger packet, almost double the market standard. Grocery magazine The Grocer asked "will British crisp-lovers fork out almost four quid for a new super-premium snack?", although it did not speculate on the answer to this question. The Rich Times stated that analysts "are as yet divided" as to whether or not a product at this price point "makes any sense".

Awards
The brand has won a number of food industry awards and certifications.
 * 2008 Monde Selection Gold medal
 * 2009 Monde Selection Gold medal
 * 2010 Monde Selection Gold medal
 * 2010 Monde Selection International High Quality Trophy (for 3 consecutive gold medals)
 * 2011 Monde Selection Gold medal
 * 2011 Expoliva award for "Best Food made with Olive Oil"
 * 2012 Monde Selection Gold medal

title: San Nicasio


text:
Palmarsh

Palmarsh is a community (OS grid reference TR1333) in Folkestone and Hythe district, in the County of Kent, England. In origin it was a hamlet on the edge of the Romney Marsh, but modern development to the west of Hythe (mostly housing, together with some local shops) in a corridor along the A259 coastal road, has led to the joining together of the ancient town and cinque port of Hythe (to the east) and the rural hamlet of Palmarsh (to the west) in a single conurbation.

Facilities
Palmarsh is served by a Church of England church, known as Holy Cross Church, Palmarsh, which is united with the parish church in Hythe town centre. There is a state primary school. There is a public house called the Prince of Wales. The Royal Military Canal and the Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway both pass through the community. The railway had a short-lived station here, named Prince of Wales halt, which opened in 1927 and closed in 1928. The Dymchurch Redoubt, a Napoleonic fortification and Scheduled Monument, is actually located in Palmarsh, and not the larger town of Dymchurch some two miles further west along the coast, from which it derives its name.

Economy
Palmarsh attracts holidaymakers, and there are several campsites and guest houses. It includes the western end of a large Ministry of Defence firing range, with associated military activity and army personnel. The largest single industry throughout the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s was the Nickoll's Quarry (also known as Palmarsh gravel pits) where large quantities of gravel were excavated and sold by Nickoll's. The resulting deep quarry pits, now flooded, have been turned into a watersports centre, where there is much boating, fishing, and water skiing activity, as well as bird-watching.

Future development
Plans have been developed throughout the 1990s and 2000s for a large housing development at the Nickoll's Quarry end of Palmarsh. Plans have advanced slowly, partly due to local opposition, and partly due to allegations of corruption in the planning process for the proposed development, including allegations of official objections being hidden from publication.

title: Palmarsh


text:
User:AmyMcG95

It's a dull day in Stirling, I'm tired and currently sitting in a computer lab thinking about what to have for dinner tonight. Probably pasta, I always have pasta. Also I need to prepare for an exercise class I'm going to tonight and will probably be suffering tomorrow.

title: User:AmyMcG95


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Town & Country Surf Designs

The result was delete. Eddie891 Talk Work 14:39, 2 September 2020 (UTC)

Town & Country Surf Designs

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

An article from 2006 which doesn't seem to have ever had anything in the realm of reliable sourcing. Unfortunately, all of my BEFORE attempts either pulled up press releases, name-drops, and the like (Strings: "Town & Country Surf Designs", "T&C Surf Designs") or outright irrelevant stuff (String: "Town & Country" Surf Designs). It is possible the games bearing the name are notable, but if they are it wouldn't have any bearing on the company itself and they would need individual articles. —A little blue Bori v^_^v  Hasteur Hasteur Ha-- oh.... 21:21, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Companies-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 21:35, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Hawaii-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 21:35, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Salvio 11:16, 25 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete. Blatant advertising. Doesn't meet WP:COMPANY.  - Funky Snack  ( Talk ) 11:28, 25 August 2020 (UTC)


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Pas de quatre (ballet)

Pas de quatre (literally, "step of four") is a French term used to identify a ballet dance for four people. Pas de quatre are usually plotless dances performed as divertissements  within the context of a larger work. However, narrative pas de quatre and pas de quatre that stand alone are not unknown.

Selected works
Among the pas de quatre best known in the ballet repertory are the following:
 * 1845. Pas de Quatre, choreography by Jules Perrot, music by Cesare Pugni. It was performed by Lucile Grahn, Carlotta Grisi, Fanny Cerrito, and Marie Taglioni, four celebrated ballerinas of the time. Fanny Elssler was invited to take part in its creation but declined to do so. Young Lucile Grahn accepted without hesitation.
 * 1895. Swan Lake, act 2, choreography by Lev Ivanov, music by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Danse des petits cygnes (aka Dance of the Little Swans). With cross-linked hands, the four dancers, usually demi-soloists from the corps de ballet, perform precise and dazzling footwork.
 * 1898. Raymonda, choreography by Marius Petipa, music by Alexander Glazunov. Variation pour quatre danseurs, in Pas classique hongrois, act 3. An ebullient quartet, it was first performed by Sergei Legat, Georgi Kyasht, Nikolai Legat, and Alexander Gorsky.
 * 1936. Jardin aux Lilas, choreography by Antony Tudor, music by Ernest Chausson. Technically not a pure pas de quatre, as the four characters are accompanied by a corps de ballet. At its premier, the four principals were Maude Lloyd (Caroline), Hugh Laing (Her Lover), Antony Tudor (The Man She Must Marry), and Peggy van Praagh (An Episode in His Past).
 * 1949. The Moor's Pavane, choreography by José Limón, music by Henry Purcell. Based on Shakespeare's Othello. The original cast consisted of Limon (The Moor), Betty Jones (Desdemona), Lucas Hoving (Iago), and Pauline Koner (Emilia).
 * 1957. Agon, choreography by George Balanchine, music by Igor Stravinsky. Part I consists of a Pas de quatre for four men, a Double pas de quatre for eight women, and a Triple pas de quatre for eight women and four men.
 * 1975. The Four Seasons, choreography by Kenneth MacMillan, music by Giuseppe Verdi. "Spring," set to "Primavera" from the ballet Le Quattro Stagioni in act 3 of Verdi's opera I Vespri Siciliani. At its premier, it was danced by Lesley Collier, Michael Coleman, David Ashmole, and Wayne Eagling.

title: Pas de quatre (ballet)


text:
Authoring Webpages/Teacher's Guide

Goals of this course
This course has only one goal: to teach the practice of creating webpages.

If you want to teach your pupils about computing, networking, the internet, HTML et cetera, I would like to refer you to other WikiBooks.

Related Wikibooks

 * Internet Technologies

Requirements
In order to be able to teach this course, you need to:
 * familiarise yourself with the material;
 * provide your students with a computer linked to the internet, or make sure they have access to such a computer for the duration of the lesson;
 * provide your students with web browsing software, or make sure they have access to a web browser;
 * provide your students with text editing software, or make sure they have access to a text editor;
 * set up a web server, and provide access to it;
 * provide storage space for your student's projects; and
 * make sure your students possess a minimum of computing experience.

Optional:
 * graphics to be used in the practice projects; and
 * graphics editing software, to create such graphics.

Web browsers
The web browsers you use should be able to handle HTML 4 or better. Web browsers that are shipped with current operating systems are acceptable for this goal.

There are lessons in this course that deal with graphical presentation of web pages. You may skip these lessons, but if you don't, you need to provide a so-called graphical web browser. Well known such browsers are for instance Mozilla, Apple Safari, Opera, and Microsoft Internet Explorer. These browsers are either provided with your operating system, or can be downloaded and used freely.

If you need to download and install a web browser, we recommend the FireFox family of web browsers.

Ideally you will provide your students with several web browsers on side-by-side computers. This will allow them to see how the rendering of web pages varies between different browsers.

Text editors
The text editors that generally accompany an operating system are all that is needed to create webpages in this course.

Although you may use editors that are specifically geared towards creating and editing websites, we advise against this. It might make your students dependent on such editors. Even if all they will use after they finished the course is such an editor, learning the basics of creating a webpage can be very helpful during trouble shooting.

Webservers
None of the practice projects are so complex that they require a certain server set-up. Later versions of this course may require more advanced webservers. If you do not know how to set up a webserver, consult your systems administrator. One thing to keep in mind is that you may wish to run your webserver solely on an intranet. That way, your students cannot abuse the school's Internet connection to publish information the school does not wish to be associated with.

If you are the systems administrator, you might find Apache2Triad or more generally comparison of web servers helpful.

On the other hand, using a free web hosting service is likely to be easier than setting up even the easiest intranet web server. It may help student motivation to see that their work is becoming part of the "real" WWW that anyone in the world can immediately read, and not just another homework assignment that only the teacher can read. Although some hosting services provide "templates" and "wizards" for creating websites, we recommend against using those tools -- it might make students dependent on that hosting service. Instead, use ordinary file uploads.

Storage space
The practice projects are all reasonably small. You may devise a large end-of-course project though. Also, your students may wish to study webpages they created earlier on. For these reasons, it could be handy to provide your students with storage space to keep their projects on and reference later.

The HTML and CSS and JavaScript files (which does not include image files, MP3s, videos, etc.) for one larger than average web site is under 8 MB.

Does this need to be separate from the files on the web server?

Previous knowledge
If your students are new to computing, you may want to spend the first lesson acquainting them with some general principles of computing. At the very least, they should know how to:

 * Start up and switch off a computer or session;
 * Start and quit programs;
 * Open and close files from programs;
 * Copy, move, create and delete files on a file system;
 * Operate a webbrowser; specifically, how to open a URL; how to open a file; how to navigate between webpages using hyperlinks; how to navigate between webpages using browser functionality.

Class project
Since this is a work book as much as a text book, students will benefit from having engaging projects in which they can test their skills to the fullest.

Many of the exercises in this book are designed to provide such project but will probably be found lacking by almost all students. The exercises are limited by their nature: they must assume incomplete knowledge in the earlier chapters of the book, and they must be finishable within the time set for homework.

Therefore, it would be advisable to have an end-project in which the students can test all the skills and knowledge they acquired during this course.

The teacher is free to invent such a project, and hopefully in the course of time, many cool project proposals will be added to this Wikibook.

However, a teacher of minors can also choose to participate in the six-monthly ThinkQuest competition. ThinkQuest is a website creation competition for elementary and secondary school students that has produced some of the finest sites on the web today. Students are pitted against other students from all over the world. The competition is fierce and the participants need to use all they've got to have a chance at winning. All participating teams must have a school teacher as team leader, but the students themselves must do all the work.

In due time, this Wikibook will provide all the basic knowledge required for participating in and winning a ThinkQuest competition with one major exception: this book will not deal with embeddable content, such as images, animation, video et cetera. These form an important part of the web, but they fill a whole separate book on their own: the Web Design book.

The students who are following this course on their own, are encouraged to think up their own projects. If you come up with fun projects, please share them by posting their descriptions here.

title: Authoring Webpages/Teacher's Guide


text:
motar

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) car

Etymology
, from, metathesis of.

Noun

 * 1)  sea fennel, rock samphire

title: motar


text:
George Cates

George Cates (October 19, 1911 – May 10, 2002) was an American music arranger, conductor, songwriter and record executive known for his work with Lawrence Welk and his orchestra.

Biography
Born and raised in New York City, New York, United States, Cates began his music career shortly after graduating from New York University, where he found work with the vaudeville team of Olsen and Johnson on their revue, Hellzapoppin. His early career included arranging and playing saxophone with such bands as Henry Busse, Dick Stabile, and Russ Morgan between 1945 and 1951. In the mid-1950s, he was A&R director for Coral Records, writing and conducting for the label's stars that included the Andrews Sisters, Teresa Brewer, Bing Crosby, and Danny Kaye. During this time (1956), he hit the Top 40 charts (No. 31) with his release of a medley of "Moonglow" and "Theme from Picnic." The record "Moonglow and Theme from Picnic" had some wordless vocal effects by Norma Zimmer, at the time a session vocalist, who, coincidentally, would later become Lawrence Welk's Champagne Lady. "Moonglow and Theme from Picnic" sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc.

Starting in 1951, he served as Lawrence Welk's musical director. In that role, he conducted the orchestra in the rehearsals and spent many years behind the scenes as an arranger. After leaving the ABC television network in 1971, Welk syndicated his show and continued on TV using the theme song "Champagne Fanfare," which Cates had composed. A prolific writer, Cates' songs were sung by many of the show's "Musical Family" members. In 1973, the Maestro asked him to conduct the orchestra on-camera, a role he carried until the show ended in 1982. Notably, he presented occasional classical music selections in addition to the band's lighter fare. In addition to his work with Welk, Cates wrote and arranged several albums with other prominent bandleaders of the era. One of his albums, Polynesian Percussion, featured some instrumental work by his brother-in-law guitarist Alvino Rey, Buddy Cole playing a console steel guitar, and Novachord, as well as another fifteen-plus odd percussion instruments producing some unique sounds.

Cates died of heart failure at his home in Santa Monica, California, at the age of 90.

Albums

 * Under European Skies (1957)
 * Polynesian Percussion (1961)
 * Twistin' Twelve Great Hits! (1962)

Singles

 * "Moonglow Introducing Theme from Picnic"

title: George Cates


text:
User:JWSchmidt/Blog/18 January 2007

I am trying to use Template:box portal skeleton to make a portal. That portal format seems to be the current dominant one at the English language Wikipedia. I like it because it hase edit "buttons" for each section.

I made a new page to replace the old version of Science Portal at Portal:Sciencenew. There are a bunch of sub-templates used by "Template:box portal skeleton", so it is useful to work in parallel at Wikipedia to debug the problems arising from templates that do not yet exist at Wikiversity. I started creating a portal page at Wikipedia (see w:Portal:Protoscience) for this purpose.

I'm changing Template:box portal skeleton to place a list of major portals near the bottom rather than the top. I also made a few changes to the "box" names in order to adapt them to Wikiversity. The last three sections need to be updated with information from the other major science-related portals, Engineering and Technology - Life Sciences - Mathematics - Physical Sciences - Social Sciences.

Update. The Science Portal was updated as described above.

title: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/18 January 2007


text:
Knut N. Kjær

Knut Norheim Kjær (born 14 April 1956) is a Norwegian economist. He was the first manager of the Government Pension Fund of Norway, from 1997 to 2008. In 2008 Yngve Slyngstad became CEO of the fund.

He is currently a member of the International Advisory Council of the China Investment Corporation, a member of the investment committee of the Stichting Pensioenfonds ABP, adviser to the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation and chairperson of FSN Capital. He was decorated Knight of the Order of St. Olav in 2008.

title: Knut N. Kjær


text:
פירמידה

Etymology
, ultimately via from  and.

Compare also 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  A pyramid.
 * 2)  A pyramid, hierarchy.

title: פירמידה


text:
kaartaminen

Noun

 * 1) turning, curving, bending of a road, river, etc.
 * 2) turning, arching
 * 1) turning, arching

title: kaartaminen


text:
Schloss Hohenburg

Schloss Hohenburg is a Baroque schloss (palace) in Lenggries, Bavaria, Germany.

Construction by the Herwarth family
Count Ferdinand Joseph von Herwarth had the palace built in classical Baroque style in 1712–18 to replace the medieval Hohenburg, which had been destroyed by fire in 1707 while occupied by Austrian troops during the War of the Spanish Succession. It is located approximately 300 m west, at the foot of the hill on which the old castle was built; stones from the ruin were used in the construction, and also to build the Lenggries parish church, St. James (St. Jakob), which was completed in 1722 and in which he is buried.

The main building of the palace has three storeys and a hip roof with waterspouts in the shape of dragons; the central portion has a mezzanine and the corner bays an additional half storey. There were originally three wings forming a large enclosed courtyard on the east side, of which two remain. A solid clock tower rises above the central bay facing this courtyard. The interior is sumptuously decorated with frescos, paintings, statues, ornamented pillars and chandeliers. The chapel was finished in 1722. Formal gardens in the style of Versailles were laid out by Matthias Diesel.

Ownership by the Prince of Leiningen
In the early 19th century the Herwarth line died out. Schloss Hohenburg changed hands a number of times, belonging to the Zech family in 1807, the Kramer family in 1817 and the Taufkirchen family in 1833. In 1836 it and the accompanying large feudal estate were bought by Prince Carl of Leiningen (1804 – 1856), half-brother to Queen Victoria through his mother, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, who remarried to Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn after the death of her first husband, Prince Emich Carl of Leiningen. He had changes made to the exterior of the palace, redecorated several rooms, and converted the Baroque garden to a park in the English style. He was also an enthusiastic huntsman and developed an extensive hunting preserve at Lenggries. He built the Gothic Waldleiningen Castle in the Odenwald at the same time.

Ownership by Baron von Eichthal
In 1857, after Prince Carl's death, the palace and estate were bought for only 32,000 guilders by Baron Carl von Eichthal, son of Baron Simon von Eichthal (born Seligmann), a banker who had financed art purchases by the future King Ludwig I of Bavaria and Bavarian loans to Greece and co-founded the Bayerische Hypotheken- und Wechselbank and several Bavarian railway companies. Carl von Eichthal bought the secularised Abbey of St. Blaise in the Black Forest and manufactured munitions and cotton there. In 1887 the estate belonging to Schloss Hohenburg encompassed 3295 ha and included an inn and other businesses in Lenggries, 150 farm animals, chiefly dairy cattle, cheese manufacturing and a brewery.

Ownership by the Duke of Nassau and Grand Duke of Luxembourg
The palace and its large hunting preserve were bought in February 1870 by Adolphe of Nassau-Weilburg, who had lost his throne as Duke of Nassau to the Prussians in 1866 and had since been wandering between relatives' residences and looking for a hunting preserve. On 9 December 1890 he was sworn in as Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Schloss Hohenburg became his summer residence. He died there in 1905, and his son, William IV, spent increasing amounts of time there as his illness worsened. Following her service as regent before their daughter Marie-Adélaïde came of age, the palace then became the residence of his widow, Marie Anne of Portugal, until she and the remainder of the grand ducal family left for exile in the United States on 24 September 1939 following the outbreak of World War II. After the war the US General George S. Patton returned the property to the Grand Duchess Charlotte and the Grand Duchy.

Catholic girls' schools
In 1953 the Fürth industrialist Max Grundig bought the Hohenburg estate, and on 3 October that year donated the palace to the sisters of the Ursuline Convent of St. Joseph in Landshut, who opened a middle school, housekeeping training school and boarding school for girls there. The Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising took over the schools in 1990, and the nuns returned to Landshut in 2003; the property remains the site of two girls' schools, a gymnasium and a realschule. From 2007 to 2011 a specialist secondary school for social careers also operated there.

The estate is now used for raising trout.

title: Schloss Hohenburg


text:
User:Yakoo

Hello!, I am Yakoo from the Wikipedia in spanish.

Can write me at my talk in the wikipedia in spanish.

es:Usuario:Yakoo

title: User:Yakoo


text:
Talk:Cori cycle

Merge
The cori cycle is similar to the alanine cycle in that the requirement of energy causes molecules in the muscle to be broken down and the resulting residues are then sent to the liver for restoration to pyruvate (and usually then to glucose). However the cori cycle is initiated by the anaerobic oxidation of pyruvate in response to exercise (carbohydrate metabolism) and the resulting high blood lactic acid concentrations, whereas the alanine cycle is initiated by the body degrading protein stores (protein metabolism) to the amino acids alanine and glutamine in order to maintain blood glucose levels when no glucose is available in the diet and the glycogen stores have been exhausted. The reasons behind each are different though organs and final products involved are similar. The methods can be compared but should not be merged as they ARE different pathways involving different intermediates.

Agreed, I don't think this is a candidate for a merger without further reasoning - unless that merged was into a more general article. Orchid Righteous 11:06, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

The diagram has the arrow for 2ATP pointed in the wrong direction!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nieves.felipe (talk • contribs) 05:08, 7 November 2009 (UTC)

Lactic Acidosis and Muscle Fatigue
From the most recent literature reviews I have read, it appears that many exercise physiologist believe that once common belief that lactic acidosis causes muscle fatigue/pain/cramps is incorrect.

As found in "Skeletal Muscle Fatigue: Cellular Mechanisms," (D. G. Allen, et al, Physiol. Rev. 88: 287-332, 2008, http://physrev.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/88/1/287)

"The traditional explanation, accumulation of intracellular lactate and hydrogen ions causing impaired function of the contractile proteins, is probably of limited importance in mammals."

This issue is addressed in the wikipedia article on lactic acid. The claim that "the accumulation of lactic acid causes muscle pain and cramps; however, normally before this happens the lactic acid is moved out of the muscles into the liver" should probably be corrected in this article. Mahasanti (talk) 19:00, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

Anaerobic respiration
Glycolysis and fermentation are not "respirations" strictly speaking. Anaerobic respiration is a bacterial process. It is the same as an aerobic respiration but it doesn't use oxygen as electron acceptor but another substance (for instance, nitrate). You can read the link in wikipedia from your article. Cory cycle in muscle during intense activity is an anaerobic process also but it is not a "respiration" properly speaking. Here, it is better to say fermentation rather than anaerobic respiration.--Miguelferig (talk) 15:10, 20 May 2012 (UTC)

6 v 2
So you only get 2 ATP from glucose > pyruvate but need 6 to rebuild it? What happens to the 4 difference? Burned up? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:40, 6 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Cori cycle. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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Glycolysis yields 2 ATP or 3 ATP ?
I've read that glycolysis, using glycogen as starting point, will yield 3 ATP rather than 2, because glucose 6-phosphate is produced directly, and a reaction is spared. I've read this in Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 4th Edition, pag. 898. What do you say? Stingaciu Radu N. 23:19, 10 October 2021 (UTC)  — Preceding unsigned comment added by GratarGratar (talk • contribs)

title: Talk:Cori cycle


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/ATAT Tech

The result was delete. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk, contributions) 19:11, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

ATAT Tech

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Fails :WP:CORP and WP:SIGCOV .The company was founded in 2016 clearly upcoming a case of WP:TOOSOON as well .Lacks  substantial coverage in reliable sources. Written by an apparently undeclared paid editor Pharaoh of the Wizards (talk) 21:37, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Companies-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 22:02, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Video games-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 22:03, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Delete - Not notable, as there is not enough independent, reliable sources that support the material in the article. Also, the article was created by a paid editor, which indicates the possibility for abuse that we have not spotted. For these reasons, this article should be deleted. RileyBugz 会話 投稿記録  02:54, 24 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Nothing in the WP:VG/RS custom search engine, leading me to believe this company is not notable. Clear delete. --Izno (talk) 13:17, 25 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
Cryptocephalus trimaculatus

Cryptocephalus trimaculatus is a species of cylindrical leaf beetle belonging to the family Chrysomelidae, subfamily Cryptocephalinae.

Etymology
The Latin species name trimaculatusis composed by the prefix tri meaning "three" and by the suffix maculatus meaning "spotted".

Distribution
These beetles can be found in Central and Southern Europe and in the Near East.

Habitat
These beetles mainly inhabit forest edges of various oaks (Quercus species) and hawthorn (Crataegus species).

Description
Cryptocephalus trimaculatus can reach a body length of 5.5 - 8 mm. The body is oval shaped and shiny. The colour of head and pronotum is black, while elytra are orange-red, with three black spots on each elytron. There is a black spot in the front and two black spots in the back. These can be connected to each other in some subject. Abdomen and legs are black. Furthermore, the elytra are longitudinally covered of rows of small black dots. This species is rather similar to Lachnaia italica.

Biology
Adults can be found from March to May and from July to September.

title: Cryptocephalus trimaculatus


text:
Knud Gleerup

Knud Gleerup (1 December 1884 – 17 October 1960) was a Danish sculptor. His work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

title: Knud Gleerup


text:
Senator McMillan

Senator McMillan may refer to:

Members of the United States Senate

 * James McMillan (politician) (1838–1902), U.S. Senator from Michigan from 1889 to 1902
 * Samuel J. R. McMillan (1826–1897), U.S. Senator from Minnesota from 1875 to 1887

United States state senate members

 * Alexander McMillan (North Carolina politician) (died 1817), North Carolina State Senate
 * George McMillan (politician) (born 1943), Alabama State Senate
 * Kenneth G. McMillan (born 1942), Illinois State Senate

title: Senator McMillan


text:
Tatsiana Likhtarovich

Tatsiana Likhtarovich (Таццяна Аляксандраўна Ліхтаровіч, born 29 March 1988) is a Belarusian basketball player who competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics.

title: Tatsiana Likhtarovich


text:
Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Energy and Conservation of Energy/Kinetic energy

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion regardless of the direction. Any object (with mass) in motion has kinetic energy. There are several types of kinetic energy. It should be noted that many times several of these types of kinetic energies occur simultaneously.

Translational
This is the energy due to motion from one location to another. It is defined by the integral of momentum with respect to velocity:

$$K = \int \mathbf{p}\,dv = \int m\mathbf{v}\,dv = \frac{1}{2}m\mathbf{v}^2$$

Rotational
This is the energy due to rotation around one point (the center). It is defined by the integral of angular momentum ($$\mathbf{L}$$) with respect to angular velocity ($$\mathbf{\omega}$$):

$$K_r = \int \mathbf{L}\,d\omega = \int I\mathbf{\omega}\,d\omega = \frac{1}{2}I\mathbf{\omega}^2$$


text:
Talk:Perfectionism (philosophy)

Changes
Changes as of 11th of August 2006. I've insert a few lines from my MA Thesis. Cannot vouch for accuracy of Perfectionism & Transhumanism Section. History could be expanded. --Kamahasanyi 14:32, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Possible Move?
Would it be wise to move this to the page of virtue ethics? Any thoughts? Kamahasanyi (talk) 16:50, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

This article is so poorly written and formatted that I'd argue for its deletion.

title: Talk:Perfectionism (philosophy)


text:
Macher

Etymology
From. Cognate to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) ; maker (male or of unspecified sex; one who makes; person or thing that makes or produces something)
 * 2)  mover and shaker

Noun

 * 1) maker

title: Macher


text:
Talk:Ernest Giles

Untitled
I have included an image of Giles' grave at Coolgardie Cemetery. Because of the shadow on the grave I didn't include it on the main page.Gazjo 10:50, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 11:30, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Number of expeditions
The page lists four expeditions, but the "Late Life and Legacy" section says that Australia Twice Traversed: The Romance of Exploration gave an account of his five expeditions. Which is correct? Jason A. Recliner (talk) 08:43, 25 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree with Jason (who must be asleep) in 2008. Giles did make five organized expeditions covering a huge area of unknown Australia.  I am amending the main article. Summerdrought (talk) 21:49, 19 March 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ernest Giles


text:
Category:Segunda Federación (women) players

This category is for footballers who have appeared in at least one first-team league game in the Spanish Segunda Federación (women) third-tier league, composed of two groups, which began in 2022. Also includes players who played in the second-tier, two-group Segunda División Pro (women), which commenced play in 2019 and ended in 2022 – for those taking part in the league which replaced it as the second level, see Category:Primera Federación (women) players.


text:
oste

Etymology 1
Ultimately from, accusative singular of , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) horde a large number of people or things

Etymology 2
From, itself a borrowing from. The final vowel was back-formed from the derived postposition.

Noun

 * 1) back the side of any object which is opposite the front

Etymology 1
, which is from. From the same Latin source: Italian (a doublet).

Noun

 * 1) innkeeper, landlord (proprietor of an osteria)

Etymology 2
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) army or host, especially that of the enemy

Etymology
From, the accusative singular of.

Noun

 * 1) innkeeper, landlord
 * 2)  host

title: oste


text:
Michigan's 98th House of Representatives district

Michigan's 98th House of Representatives district (also referred to as Michigan's 98th House district) is a legislative district within the Michigan House of Representatives located in parts of Lapeer, Sanilac, and Tuscola counties, as well as all of Huron County. The district was created in 1965, when the Michigan House of Representatives district naming scheme changed from a county-based system to a numerical one.


text:
chicken soup

Noun

 * 1) Any soup made with either pieces of chicken or chicken broth as its main ingredient, often thought to cure everyday illnesses such as the common cold.
 * He should have guessed that her great-great-grandmother's secret chicken soup recipe was a can from the store.
 * 1)  A cure for a wide variety of illnesses or other problems.
 * Duct tape is the chicken soup of plumbing.
 * 1)  A mixed-up mush.
 * His hand got caught in a meat grinder and turned into chicken soup.
 * 1)  The aqueous solution of nutrients used in the  to detect microbial Martian life.
 * 1)  The aqueous solution of nutrients used in the  to detect microbial Martian life.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: hønsekødssuppe
 * Dutch:
 * Faroese: høsnakjøtssuppa, høsnasuppa
 * Finnish: kanakeitto
 * French: soupe de poulet
 * Georgian: ჩიხირთმა
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Irish: sú circe
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: チキンスープ
 * Manx: anvroie eean
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: кури́ный суп
 * Slovak: slepačia polievka
 * Spanish: sopa de pollo, caldo de pollo
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: ซุปไก่
 * Yiddish: גאָלדענע יויך

title: chicken soup


text:
Japanese/Kana/Lessons/Katakana/Lesson 4

In this lesson you are going to learn how to read and write タ、チ、ツ、テ、ト. Adding two small lines called dakuten, but commonly known simply as  tenten, meaning "two marks", causes clear sounds to change to their voiced sound. Thus, adding the tenten marks to タ、チ、ツ、テ、ト will produce ダ、ヂ、ヅ、デ、ド.

title: Japanese/Kana/Lessons/Katakana/Lesson 4


text:
WordZap

WordZap is a puzzle video game designed by Michael F.C. Crick, son of scientist Francis Crick. In 1991, it was included with Volume 3 of the Microsoft Entertainment Pack and was later released by Jaleco for the Game Boy in 1992. An updated version for newer editions of Microsoft Windows is available on the game's official website as shareware. The game has been compared with Scrabble and Boggle; in WordZap, players race to make proper English words to fill their rack of words, but when one player makes a word already found by the other player, the word is "zapped" from both players' racks. Each round ends when either one player fills the word rack, or time runs out without either player being able to make another word.

Gameplay
In the Game Boy version, players can choose between 3-, 4-, or 5-letter words. They can also enable or disable hints, allow or disallow plural forms of words and even choose the level of vocabulary used in the game. Each round has a different theme attached to it (e.g., "Any Letter"). Players have a limited time to solve each round before it ends. They also have a choice between the conventional "WordZap" mode and the "WordHai" mode, which permits players to create 3-letter words from a set of 21 tiles. Removing a tile from the screen requires using it; opening up options for building new words.

There is a built-in dictionary using a complete list of ten thousand English-language words. Two players can compete against other using a Game Link. Only the "WordZap" mode is available for two-player play. All types of skill levels are accommodated in this game from novice players to experts.

Development
The game was originally picked up by Meldac as WordHai at the 1991 Summer Consumer Electronics Show, but Meldac of America went into bankruptcy before the game ever went into release, and it was picked up by Jaleco where it was released as WordZap.

title: WordZap


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Help desk/Archives/2017 September 15

= September 15 =

Arnold Anthony Schmidt Deletion
A clarification: those are not published reviews, but full-length academic articles on Byron, Wordsworth, etc. Also note the film/tv work on Oscar/Emmy nominated projects, also theatre work.

Note: This debate has been included in the list of Actors and filmmakers-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 19:22, 6 September 2017 (UTC)

Delete. One book Byron and the Rhetoric of Italian Nationalism with a few published reviews isn't enough by itself for WP:AUTHOR (I think that needs more than one, and his only other book-length publication is an edited volume). And although some fall only a little short, nothing else in the article rises to the level of notability. —David Eppstein (talk) 06:37, 10 September 2017 (UTC) Delete does not pass notability guidelines as either a writer or an academic.John Pack Lambert (talk) 08:26, 10 September 2017 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Fussy Scholar (talk • contribs)

 * Hi . I gather that a draft you submitted to Articles for creation, Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Arnold Anthony Schmidt, was reviewed and declined four times in August–September 2013, and eventually deleted as abandoned in April 2014. At some point the article Arnold Anthony Schmidt was created. It was recently nominated for deletion. After a week of discussion, the consensus was unanimous that it should be deleted, and it was.

 * This page is for questions about the Articles for creation process. The topic of deleted articles is outside our scope. You may find the essay Why was the page I created deleted? helpful. It explores what you can do when an article you created is deleted. --Worldbruce (talk) 22:22, 14 September 2017 (UTC)

11:04:22, 15 September 2017 review of submission by Monicamorrison
Page was deleted and I would like to continue working on it as the subject has launched a new web site Monicamorrison (talk) 11:04, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * has requested undeletion of G13'd Draft:Christiane Stolhofer at Requests for undeletion, which is the proper procedure. --Worldbruce (talk) 14:40, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

09:05:47, 15 September 2017 review of submission by Cmljones
Draft:C._Michial_Jones

Hello I submitted the Article and it was rejected due to citations, I have added several additional citations (64, so far), but was wondering what else I could do to get the article accepted and to make it better. Your advise would be greatly appreciated.

Thank you

 * Sorry if you are getting mixed messages. Initially, the lack of citations led to an evaluation that more citations were needed. The second review used the available citations to say that they did not seem to add up to what is needed for notability. It looks like there are three different career aspects on which notability could be judged: as a martial artist, as a law enforcement officer, and as a writer. Sulfurboy's assessment was that the needed coverage was not there on any of these fronts.

 * Unfortunately, adding even more citations is not helping this problem. There are now so many (and so many which are not easy to verify online) that you've made the reviewer's job more difficult. If you are unwilling to accept Sulfurboy's assessment, I suggest that you best approach is to review the notability criteria carefully and bring just three citations here to the help desk to address just the notability question. Doing it here will leave a record of what was determined that you can point to in a comment in your draft.  — jmcgnh  (talk) (contribs)  14:56, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I strongly support what jmcgnh says. References are judged on quality, not quantity. If you have found sources that establish the subject's notability, let the reviewer see them; don't hide them in a huge pile of garbage. Maproom (talk) 22:20, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

15:25:25, 15 September 2017 review of submission by PointOfPresence
I have just submitted an article for review and I see that I am advised to move it to the draft namespace. I am not sure what this is or what I should do. I believe I already gave my article a title when I submitted it, but maybe I didn't. Can you please advise? Thanks

PointOfPresence (talk) 15:25, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

 * It's fine where it is, the reviewer will move it if it's ready and the name is clear.  — jmcgnh  (talk) (contribs)  15:40, 15 September 2017 (UTC)