text:
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Penyulap/Archive

03 July 2012

 * Suspected sockpuppets

 * User compare report Auto-generated every hour.

Penyulap has admitted to disrupting Wikipedia with this throwaway account, saying: ""So ? I vandalize wikipedia, I like it. I do it repeatedly, I've done it before and I'll do it again and I'm serious. Try to stop me. here is a diff, ban me. I even use sock puppets to vandalize and I'm getting bolder because nobody cares, I'm completely out of control.""

The diffs point to actions made by ThomasMoore1852, disrupting Wikipedia with a few throwaway tricks such as redirecting the user's own page to the article Thomas Moore, and creating a perhaps humorous image in a graphics editor for Wikimedia Commons, writing as ThomasMoore1852; the goal being a perhaps humorous "barnstar" for a user who archived it removing the image, if that gives any clue regarding its value. Most of the image was linked back to Penyulap's user page, cementing the connection between Penyulap and ThomasMoore1852.

I am asking for a checkuser because of Penyulap's claim of multiple socks. I do not think that Penyulap needs to be blocked, at least not permanently, as the disruption appears to be intentionally fun than otherwise. Please block ThomasMoore1852 and any other socks that are found. Binksternet (talk) 03:34, 3 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I suspect User:PALZ9000 and User:ThatPeskyCommoner may also be sock puppet accounts.--Craigboy (talk) 14:28, 5 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Traditionally, some sort of evidence for such claims might be good? I have interacted with ThatPeskyCommoner and Penyulap and they both seem very different to me.  Worm TT( talk ) 14:31, 5 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I was going off the comment made on wikispaceflight. Penyluap often has a very strange sense of humor, the style of the response was very similar to that of his and this user had never commented there before or contributed to any spaceflight article.--Craigboy (talk) 01:39, 6 July 2012 (UTC)
 * That's Auntie Pesky, a matriarch I respect and trust 100%, if I'm being a naughty so and so, you go straight to her and tell her. She'll smack me into line with no more than a glance I promise you. It's like when I glare at you, but it works on me for real. Penyulap  ☏  01:55, 6 Jul 2012 (UTC)

Craigboy, my robot account is me, that is my robot account. That's what a bot account is. I announced PALZ9000 repeatedly, on the ISS talkpage and on the wikiproject spaceflight page. Look at his contributions, he's a bot. look at his userpage, he is my bot. This is all NASA's fault though :), because if there is a bot that is helping do a serious job on the ISS space station article, then why personify it, why give it humours remarks and humourous little interactions when it's a serious job? Well Sir, ask your congressman after reading the .gov ernment website. here is one of many examples, don't get me started on robonaut and his facebook page, andy would love that in article space lolz. "sowhatopedia" zomg. Anyhow, to imitate me would require a group effort, for a decent spoof you'd need Bishoen's art skills as well as Auntie Pesky's insights, and Andy's ability to wordsmith. An imitation I would dearly love to see, and would give my best personalized awards out to the greatest contributor to that effort :D Anyhow Craigboy is one of the best editors around here, I often wish he'd say when he knows he is wrong, but that is something few people do, so it's hard to ask him to be that great. Craigboy only ever goes wrong because of WDGraham and Ckatz setting such a horrid example on the ISS talkpage. And now Ckatz has grown far too weary of walking straight headfirst into my simply phrased questions like the current one WDGraham brought up on his talkpage about Ckatz, 'is he acting as admin or is he acting as an editor on the ISS talkpage' Ckatz is far too weary and cautious of me now to answer such a simple question because he knows he will caught exquisitely if he dares to answer it. To his credit he doesn't take down my {uninvolved help} templates, which WDGraham does, and even thinks that involved !votes are allowed to take it down, (facepalm) I'll be returning the uninvolved templates to the ISS talkpage soon anyhow, I wouldn't call it a fishing expedition though, no admin in their right mind would say that stealing all the status quo votes by tying up a poll back to front is acceptable. Anyway, with all of that nonsense and WDGrahams' constant projection it's perfectly understandable that other editors end up without a clear understanding of the consensus process and therefore have trouble.

Craigboy is a good guy, one of the best. Penyulap  ☏  16:48, 5 Jul 2012 (UTC)
 * see look at that, worm makes a response to Craigboy but doesn't tell him it's a bot account, it's always left up to me to help people isn't it. Penyulap  ☏  16:53, 5 Jul 2012 (UTC)
 * Penyulap please do not go off-topic. It's a bot you used as a puppet. --Craigboy (talk) 01:34, 6 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, naturally that is true in a sense, it's also impossible to hide the operator of a bot, they are tagged checked marked and so on. But he should probably keep his humor on his own page, and items like the pesky express and so on. Penyulap  ☏  01:49, 6 Jul 2012 (UTC)

At the webpage of User:ThomasMoore1852, a new twist has developed: Penyulap and ThomasMoore1852 are both involved in reverting to a disruptive redirect taking userspace into articlespace. If the ThomasMoore1852 sock was fairly harmless before today, the weather has shifted toward tag-teaming. Binksternet (talk) 01:17, 5 July 2012 (UTC)
 * New abuse

 * Still looks like confabulation all week with patches of envy to me. Penyulap  ☏  02:28, 5 Jul 2012 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Yep, that's me, I'm terrible, better check out my bot account as well. I'm happy to point you to the socks that checkuser won't show you, there is one spot I demonstrated in conversation on Auntie peskys page, thing is, with socking or meatpuppetry, the ability to puppet is inversly proportional to the desire to do so. Intelligent people are able to sock with ease, however they are consequently able to abide by simple social rules. Having a wide spread of friends willing 24/7 to post things for you, in good humour, goes hand in hand with social skills, that is, if I were anti-social enough to need to sock to try to get into the community, I'd hardly have as many friends as I do. Anyhow it's all moot as I'm not socking for antisocial reasons, and that image hasn't been simply archived, it is taking pride of place centre-stage on the user-page of an editor in good standing.

I welcome any checkuser investigation. I'm good. Penyulap  ☏  03:54, 3 Jul 2012 (UTC)

 * considering the earnestness and good faith of the requester, I do feel guilty for not being more guilty, I really should go and do something naughty. Penyulap  ☏  04:06, 3 Jul 2012 (UTC)
 * I've got to say, I'm not seeing the abuse. I should point out that uses that image prominently on his userpage. The worst thing he did was create a redirect which isn't appropriate.  Worm  TT( talk ) 08:53, 3 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I've had quite a reasonable length of interaction with Penyulap, and have always found him to be both highly intelligent and (importantly) good-hearted. I can't see any evil in him, and would be highly surprised to see any genuine abuse or bad-intent disruption. I will continue communicating with him, anyways (we have no trouble understanding each other).  If anyone has any major concerns, it may be a good idea just to keep me in the loop, as I'm happy to act as go-between if anyone has any problems with communication.  Penyulap's a high-functioning autie, like me, and on the whole is a net asset to the community.  We do have the occasional odd kick in our gallops, but it's not vice-motivated.  Pesky  (talk ) 09:07, 3 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Penyulap's proported autism is entirely irrelevant to this inquiry, and I question wny Pesky has broached the subject, unless it is an attempt at amelioration. Beyond My Ken (talk) 11:32, 3 July 2012 (UTC)
 * BMK, it's just that sometimes we auties have some problems in communications; I'm not only autie myself, but have taught many, many people with non-standard thought-processes etc. On the whole, I'm fairly good at being able to maintain constructive communication (interpretation?) in both directions; always happy to offer any assistance where autism-spectrum disorders might be part of the explanation for communications breakdowns and odd break-out behaviours. Pesky  (talk ) 05:19, 4 July 2012 (UTC)
 * If Penyulap is autistic and thus prone to outbursts of hard-to-detect hard-to-refute sneaky vandalism, more concrete action needs to be taken to prevent damage to the encyclopedia. Hipocrite (talk) 11:55, 3 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Have you looked at the vandalism in question? He added one space to the lead. It did not affect the meaning. I still see no abuse.  Worm TT( talk ) 12:12, 3 July 2012 (UTC)
 * The added space in itself is not vandalism (and note that Penyulap was the one claiming that it was vandalism), making non-edits like that one with the sole purpose of having a trolling edit summary is disruptive though. The actual vandalism was the redirect (deleted by me as such). Fram (talk) 12:21, 3 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Disruptive, yes - and I agree the redirect is problematic, which is why I agree with your 24 hour block. Any more and it seems like a bit of a mountain out of a molehill situation.  Worm TT( talk ) 12:35, 3 July 2012 (UTC)
 * It's not certain that the redirect was vandalism as it looks like the name was already in the article (unless <IP_ADDRESS> is another sockpuppet) - it may have been a mistake, but comments such as the "vandalism" edit summary would have been a reason not to assume good faith. Peter E. James (talk) 19:57, 3 July 2012 (UTC)

Reviewing admin: Please note that Penyulap stated above that he has "socks that checkuser won't show you." As such, corrective action is needed to prevent further damage to the encyclopedia. Hipocrite (talk) 11:59, 3 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Maybe he wasn't being entirely serious? And, Hipocrite, in all seriousness, your usage of the word "thus" up above ... autistic and thus prone to outbursts of hard-to-detect hard-to-refute sneaky vandalism was a bit off.  Being autistic doesn't make people "prone to" sneaky vandalism.  Yours is the kind of comment that could get people's backs up far more than a stupid redirect might.   Pesky  (talk ) 21:08, 3 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't know why I bother, all things considered, but for anyone in the future, I might as well explain (I don't need to explain for the benefit of people here, people have either made up their minds which policy to ignore, or not to help this guy, even though I have linked to the policy several times for his benefit, and the whole quote with two links in it gives a glossary a cat could understand, anyhow, here goes.) The timing chain is my making the personalised wikilove award called the Pesky express, it's linked to here in the barnstar that INeverCry gave me (correction it has been archived, here is the link). I skimmed his contributions to the project, and his honesty and integrity, in all of a few minutes to an absolute accuracy of 100% and set about making some personal awards that were appropriate for his enormous efforts despite the pain that he IS in. (I know this, I can see through and beyond, not just between, the lines). His contributions include the Fudge Family Frolicks, which, if you look at the history of his talkpage where I awarded it to him, it's image-mapped and linked for easy reference, the author of the work is the man my legitimate alternate account is named after, Thomas moore who was great awesome friends with Lord what is his name again, Byron, Lord Byron. Thomas Moore's pages would look rather sparse and bare if left empty, people might link through to them from the award itself, and think 'did INeverCry make this or something' so I've fixed that with economy of effort by again, following accepted common practice of redirecting from userspace into articlespace, and addressed the empty talkpage with a typical message that Thomas Moore might get from his best friend. Now who the hell would call their best friend Lord Byron I ask you ? So obviously you look for a pet name, which there is none, so you just copy the real name from the article, and then the note on the userpage has hidden code to prevent archiving, as well as the archiving being set up to clean the page, and obviously I have those pages on my watchlist. Now would some of you people be so kind as to explain to this editor about Legit accounts, or how silly it is to declare an investigation, the thrust of which is to say that Penyulap and Thomas Moore is the same person, and then claim a tag team, zomg. Please for the love of god, somebody help him ? Penyulap  ☏  03:13, 5 Jul 2012 (UTC)
 * You bother because you're good-at-heart. What would you like me to do for this guy?  Try sending him over to my talk; you know what excellent stalkers I have  maybe, between us, we can do something.  If I can help anyone through a challenge or a difficult patch, I'll give it my best shot.  Pesky  (talk ) 04:29, 5 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I see little use in helping someone who has done such harm to me, I've got another block out of this whole fiasco, and the descriptions by all parties of my intentions are blatantly idiotic. INeverCry is in pain, and edits despite that, and I try to cheer him up a little and this shit is what I have to put up with, PLUS in XYZ months from now, more morons are going to be 'oh yes Penyulap has been blocked for this kind of thing in the past' and more morons will come to the party, Basically, do you see where I'm going with this ? Do something nice for someone and everyone lines up to fuck you over for it. THAT'S WIKIPEDIA for you. Penyulap  ☏  07:06, 5 Jul 2012 (UTC)

In regards to being 'annoying', as Dennis states below, then I shall offer an olive branch to anyone who wants one. Accusing someone of sock puppetry is a serious and offensive charge, it's widely considered to be a personal attack. That said, I can recognize that Binksternet was not aware of SOCK LEGIT policy before he kicked off this mess. If he is willing to admit as much, then I'll come the other halfway to make amends.

As for the admin who blocked me, stating that the redirect was the reason that she blocked me, and then retracting that statement on her talkpage, if she'd like to admit that the block had no merit and was a mistake, then I too shall make retractions and make amends. Penyulap  ☏  19:55, 5 Jul 2012 (UTC)

 * @WilliamH Since any alleged vandalism cannot be named your question about reasons not to sanction Penylup is difficult. I surmise there is an issue about keeping an account good while having another account vandalize. Is there any way Penylup can agree to avoid this type of thing in the future? Would that be enough? I think he said he'd label humorous socks. I can understand why he would not want to give out an award under his established username. What about an agreement to mentoring by someone who has used humorous socks? Maybe this was just a short, rough patch. Maybe cooling off even by everyone who is already cool could let Penylup collect his thoughts. I recall Scottywong was under suspicion for something, took a break, and came back able to explain things. Maybe that would work. NewtonGeek (talk) 21:21, 5 July 2012 (UTC)

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * I tend to agree with Worm that there isn't actual multiple account abuse here, and the one redirect was already dealt with. Penyulap isn't socking, he is just being annoying.  I would strongly recommend that he declare any alternate accounts he has on his user page, and each alternate account should be linked or commented back to his primary account, per WP:SOCK, or if he has no intention of using the accounts and doesn't want to list them, they can be indef blocked as to remove any future concerns, but one or the other needs to be done.  I like you Penyulap, but this just cost me most of an hour, and others just as much time, and this isn't as humorous to others as it perhaps is to you.  I will leave open until I know if we need to give a "friendly" indef block (ie: user request) to any unnecessary alternate accounts or not.  He would need to log into each and request for a block to take place.  I'm also neither endorsing nor declining the checkuser request, due to voiced concerns and Pen's apparent willingness to have one run and admission that they exist, and would ask another SPI clerk make that determination.  I don't claim to always get Pen's humor, so I can't say if it was a joke or not. If one is run and it finds socks that he hasn't previously declared them, then this might change the outcome here. Dennis Brown -  2¢    ©  18:56, 5 July 2012 (UTC)
 * would you assist by expanding on the opening sentence of WP:SOCK and how it applies to the primary (and I claim only) purpose of my Thomas Moore (and any identical others in future) accounts. I have absolutely no qualms or reservations whatsoever about revealing privately any future socks to any responsible party in future, so that they can be checked for full compliance with NOTIFY and SOCKLEGIT. However, I do have a liking for brightening up peoples day with my art if I am able to, especially in the cases where people struggling against disabilities, or suffering for their integrity, are involved. Penyulap  ☏  19:45, 5 Jul 2012 (UTC)
 * Humor accounts are tricky Pen. You can use the first sentence of LEGIT as a rationale to not disclose, and likely successfully.  The problem is that by the time you have a chance to offer that rationale, you will be here at SPI or ANI, so it is at your risk, as the reporting party wouldn't know it was a legitimate alternate account.  This is called drama, something I want to avoid, and again, not everyone always gets your unique brand of humor.  At the very least, I would consider putting some kind of tag on the sock stating "This is a one of the many multiple personalities of Penyulap" (itself, somewhat humorous) would at the least be wise even if you didn't on your main account, similar to doppelgänger notification.  Or at least a hidden comment on the user page signed by that account and your main account, although that might not hold up to higher scrutiny with some admins.  This would be seen as a good faith measure that would stop any future SPI in it's tracks (but not necessarily ANI).  The fact that we are here is a bit disruptive itself, and not every admin is going to give the benefit of the doubt.  Dennis Brown -  2¢    ©  20:11, 5 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, how about this, I make it so that a reasonable person looking at the talkpage of the sock account can easily see that it is actually me, whilst making it impossible for people to reverse search for those socks(or harder anyhow) and go from my account, off to those other accounts, and causing grief to the recipients of my awards. I think that pretty much addresses the thrust of your advice ? I'll also try to spell out SOCK LEGIT to extinguish confabulations before they get so far as to cause me this level of permanent damage. I'll write my name onto the talkpages of the socks, in human language, and make it impossible for search engines to detect it, that should fix the problem.
 * As for being here in the first place being disruptive, the evidence that backs up the claim of socking is insufficient to separate it from a personal attack, and so I'll wait and see what Binksternet has to say now he has had time enough to study the matter. The original idea that there was felonious intent doesn't stack up in any reasonable persons book against the fact that this example could only have been found by Binksternet through my own admission on the matter. Let it be remembered that this is not an identity issue at all, lack of identifying the sock is not the cause of any of this mess. I should have used a different illustration at ANI to say "hey, words aren't everything you know" to the comment that my comment was a direct response to. Whatever, don't help, don't edit, whatever. You know, ever since I stay out of article space I get into a lot less difficulties, like I said, this place has become a forum, nothing more. Penyulap  ☏  20:44, 5 Jul 2012 (UTC)

Having kept a vague eye over this case for several days, I am presented with an individual who openly admits to using undeclared accounts to vandalise Wikipedia. (Note that unlike the aforementioned addition of spaces, no one can comment on said vandalism for obvious reasons.) This appears to be as a quintessential case of WP:GHBH. If anyone can explain to me why Penyulap should not be sanctioned, I would be very curious to hear. WilliamH (talk) 20:53, 5 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't even see the G and B--just the Hands. I don't understand Penyulap's rebuttals. Drmies (talk) 21:37, 5 July 2012 (UTC)
 * You don't see the bad hands because Penyulap has not revealed them, despite openly admitting that he harms Wikipedia with such accounts. It cannot be considered unacceptable or questionable to sanction someone who so openly admits doing something that he knows he shouldn't: presumeably why he chooses not to reveal the accounts in question. WilliamH (talk) 21:43, 5 July 2012 (UTC)
 * The april fools day glossary of terms explains in great detail the complete thinking on the terms, and gives illustrations as well, it even links to them. Some vandal on the ISS talkpage was continually putting clubot-level junk into that article, eventually, he didn't get into 'sneaky vandalism' to get past the bot, he went the other way, you know, given the resources available to such a person, it's the best they can do sometimes. He went the other way, and 'vandalized' the ISS article by inserting a useless space. I know that the person follows and tracks me, I know there is a texan string of IP's that followed me over from the tooth fairy article I edit, someone traveling by road daily around Austin. So what was a genius going to do to crush out an endless string of I pretty much guessing !vandalism because they are probably null edits, I haven't read policy on this, but by the way people are acting I bet a space is not vandalism it's just a null edit. Makes no difference, in the eyes of the ISS vandal, seeing me go ahead and join him in his supposed vandalism by inserting spaces alone and nothing else, putting in edit summaries he cannot possibly ignore, and then putting up the april fools day reverse psychology glossary and explanation 'that a cat could understand' put a comprehensive end to that particular vandals career. This is basic 101 psychology people. Reverse psychology. It's not rocket science. You can prevent vandalism if you want to, I mean look at this for simple psychology, how to extinguish completely the will to be upset and direct it away from any kind of war over the article, and hopefully into editing who knows. Heck, take the whole talkpage as an example of how to put out fires, and the edit summary of the article as a shining example of the results. It's a front door article too, right where 'would be' vandals arrive. I have no interest in cleaning up after vandals, I avoid and despise it, that is someone elses job. Oh I fight vandalism better and harder than anyone however, but my tools are psychology and reason. I accept other peoples views and find common ground. The use of TW if it is done badly, and inappropriately, causes more problems and fuels the vandalism making it worse. This juvenile mentality is why I do not make anything like this for anti-vandalism, despite so very many ideas, (really outrageously cool ones too I might add).

 * The first sentences on the vandalism pages put it quite clearly, probably allowing for a great deal more !vandalism than a space in order to protect the ISS article, or to educate someone at ANI that words do not mean everything (but hey, apparently the consensus is that you just find whatever you want by taking things out of context and ignoring whatever you want, illustrated everywhere, in the original discussion at ANI with the propensity to misquote Alan by cutting his sentence in half, leaving off the 'to improve wikipedia' part, is as clear and popular as the epic fail of that circus board itself, it's the norm, it's encouraged because it is not sanctioned against or discouraged in any way at all. Except maybe by Pesky, I notice she points out unfair things, I guess there are a few who do that.) Pretty much you cannot use 'words' to defend wikipedia at all. Even a mention of the V word provokes shouts devoid of reason in the mob. That's all that's needed.

 * Suggesting that I have other 'bad hand' accounts, and presenting as evidence the idea that they exist because I have not revealed them is on par with everything else presented here. How about this for a question you cannot answer me WilliamH, where have I ever said or suggested that I am concealing anything (bh) at all ? Penyulap  ☏  22:54, 5 Jul 2012 (UTC)
 * I have to be honest, I'm having a bit of a time following you here Penyulap. While I'm sure it isn't intentional, much of this is a bit confusing for an old yankee at the end of the day.  A summary, perhaps?  Dennis Brown -  2¢    ©  23:08, 5 July 2012 (UTC)

 * All evidence presented relies exclusively on misquoting, misinterpreting and misunderstanding my remarks. I feel like Jesus come back to Earth, finding myself amongst a mob of Christians who are all telling me what I said, plus arguing over it, debating over it, fighting over it and shoving me out of the way and knocking me over as they go about the business of deciding what it was that I said. The last thing anyone wants is clarification. Penyulap  ☏  23:19, 5 Jul 2012 (UTC)
 * I will respond to this in greater detail tomorrow, however I am rapidly coming to the conclusion that it is a lesson for Penyulap as to how badly sarcasm transmits on Wikipedia. WilliamH (talk) 23:21, 5 July 2012 (UTC)
 * The systems in place on wikipedia work exclusively in practical terms to filter out good editors, and encourage and reward bad editors. I see who is listening, and you can hear me when I say, look around, this trauma is the reason why good editors leave. Whereas this ordeal is not applied to the real threats, who simply create new socks and return with fresh resolve. On the other hand, I, as I have outlined on the project page, see the remedy as impossible, but am happy to provide examples occasionally, but this is really taking it's toll. The fact, the absolute fact is, just going and sharing a website with one or two other people is an easier way to author. Penyulap  ☏  23:32, 5 Jul 2012 (UTC)
 * Groan. As I alluded to, I now realise that your comment "I'm happy to point you to the socks that checkuser won't show you" was one of several which were sarcastically meant. While I apologise for drawing the wrong conclusion, I do so on the basis that I expect you to accept that, had you not written messages which did not clearly indicate your intended meaning and in some cases, were the direct opposite of it, this whole affair would be much less protracted or may not even have occurred. Sarcasm transmits extremely badly over the internet, and expressing what appeared to be an admission of abuse with undetectable sockpuppets in an environment where real disruptive users do the very same thing — in ernest — is a really bad idea. As far as I'm concerned, this case can be closed. WilliamH (talk) 00:11, 6 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Groan to your hearts content, that was no sarcasm. It was a genuine offer. Dennis, I made the changes yesterday when you suggested it. Penyulap  ☏  01:45, 6 Jul 2012 (UTC)

 * - Dennis Brown -  2¢    ©  00:13, 6 July 2012 (UTC)
 * My previous comments regarding notices on user pages, as some level, is still recommended. Dennis Brown - 2¢    ©  00:13, 6 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I responded to Penyulap's comment "I'm happy to point you to the socks that checkuser won't show you" firstly in earnest, but then suspected it was sarcasm. However, Penyulap has subsequently clarified that it was meant seriously. If another administrator sanctions him, I don't have any objections. WilliamH (talk) 15:26, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

Marking as closed with no action taken. --MuZemike 23:35, 10 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Happy People (Peace album)

Happy People is the second studio album by British indie rock band Peace, released on 9 February 2015. Happy People was produced by Jim Abbiss and Duncan Mills.

Reception
Happy People received generally positive reviews upon release, gaining a score of 8/10 with NME, and 5/5 stars from The Independent, and positive reviews from Redbrick, who stated that "you'll still find yourself singing along to the hook hours after". However, The Guardian gave the album 2/5 stars, calling it "reheated baggy leftovers skilfully marketed at people who hadn't yet been born in 1990". Most reviewers have picked up on the clear 90s influences on the album, stating similarities between Peace and bands such as Oasis and Blur.

Personnel
Peace
 * Harrison Koisser – vocals, guitar (all tracks) production (9, 15–17)
 * Samuel Koisser – bass guitar (all tracks), background vocals (1–6, 8, 9, 11–15, 17, 18)
 * Douglas Castle – guitar
 * Dominic Boyce – drums (all tracks), background vocals (1–6, 8–15, 17, 18)

Additional musicians
 * Liz Lawrence – background vocals (1, 9)
 * Wired Strings – strings (1, 10)
 * Keri Arrindell – background vocals (3, 7)

Technical
 * Jim Abbiss – production (1–3, 5, 7, 10–14, 18)
 * Dunca Mills – production (4, 6, 8)
 * Mazen Murad – mastering
 * Craig Silvey – mixing (1–3, 5, 7, 10–15, 18)
 * Eduardo De La Paz Canel – mixing (4, 6, 8, 9), engineering assistance (1–3, 5, 7, 10–16, 18)
 * Edd Hartwell – mixing (16, 17), engineering (1–3, 5, 7, 10–18)
 * Nick Taylor – engineering (1, 10)
 * Lee Slater – engineering (4)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Happy People (Peace album)


text:
Eulyes amoena

Eulyes amoena is a species of true assassin bugs belonging to the family Reduviidae.

Description
Eulyes amoena shows a warningly black and red coloration. The black and red larva of these stinking bugs are mimicked the larva of a Bornean mantid.

Distribution
This species is widespread in Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra and Java).

title: Eulyes amoena


text:
User:Stlabinaya

About Me
I am a student at Duke University, class of 2021. I am from St.Louis, Missouri and I have lived there practically my entire life. I plan on majoring in Biomedical Engineering as a pre-med student. My interests include playing squash, watching movies, and reading science fiction novels.

Name Pronunciation
Technically, it is pronounce A-bee-na-ya. Basically like a bee, the last part of banana, and then the last part sounds exactly as written. My last name is pronounced Lak-sh-ma-naan which sounds like lock, the beginning of shot, ma like mother, and then the Indian bread.

Grand Challenges for Engineering Article
This article is about a way to make blood clot faster to help people in traumatic injuries that lose a lot of blood fast.

Injectable Enzyme Stops Wounds from Bleeding, Alexandra Ossola, Popular Science, 4 March 2015, accessed 18 September 2017 (Engineer Better Medicine)

MATLAB Demonstrations
My favorite MATLAB demonstration was the Earth's Topography. I thought it was really cool that way that you could take an accurate map of the entire world and make it 3D. I also thought it was very interesting how you could overlay various images and maps to make a complete topographic map that looked very realistic.

title: User:Stlabinaya


text:
Wiktionary talk:Ukrainian transliteration

Combining ties for ALA-LC
These are composed using the correct Unicode characters in the correct order: i͡e, z͡h, t͡s, i͡u, i͡a. If they don't look right, then your browser is probably displaying them using Arial Unicode MS font. Blame Microsoft, but please don't change the table to ruin the display for people with fonts which work right. For details, see Arial Unicode MS.—w:user:Mzajac

Attribution
Most of this table was copy-pasted directly from the wikitext in Romanization of Ukrainian. I believe Wikipedia's licence requires that the original authors be credited here. —w:user:Mzajac

 * If you know how, transwiki the file and then we can make the needed changes. I would do it but I don’t know how. —Stephen 23:56, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Since it's free, I think all it would require is a notice here, but I have no idea what the right form or procedure is.Mzajac 01:44, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Ц
Shouldn't ц be transliterated as c, to be consistent with the rest? —w:user:Mzajac

Indicating stress
We need to have a way to indicate primary and secondary stress on syllables. In Ukrainian and other Cyrillic-alphabet dictionaries this is normally done using stress marks which look a bit like acute accents over the syllables' vowels. There is normally a bolder one for primary stress. Unfortunately, I don't think Unicode has accents characters which allow both. There can also be problems displaying certain character combinations. For example, the default Wiktionary font on my computer doesn't display combining diacritics on Cyrillic characters correctly, so ма́ти has the accent appearing after the Cyrillic а on the page, even though it displays correctly in editing fields (Latin á, é, í, ó, ú, ý display correctly on the page). Finally, there is also the problem that this is not a normal convention in English dictionaries, so readers may think that the accent represents a word's normal Ukrainian orthography.

In IPA, stress is shown using high and low vertical lines before the main and secondary stressed syllables, respectively: (syllable)

There seems to be a mix in how this is done in Ukrainian entries in Wiktionary: in the Cyrillic, in the transliteration, and of course in the IPA. For example, at мати, stress is indicated all three ways:

Noun
ма́ти (máty) f
 * 1) mother

Perhaps it's best to only apply stress in the IPA, since there is a standardized method which is familiar to English-language readers. —Mzajac 03:33, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I’m more familiar with Russian. Russian dictionaries always indicate the stress using acute accents, and that’s how we do it here.

 * I use a font-call template for this purpose: ма́ти . This one accent is all that is needed for Russian. For secondary stress in Ukrainian, how about є̀ versus є́ ? —Stephen 08:44, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

 * That's not a bad solution, although non-standard. It should be fairly compatible in web browsers, etc.  (Unicode is quite robust these days, so I'm surprised and disappointed that it doesn't accommodate the bold acute accent.)

 * Another possibility is double and single acute accents, although I suspect this will not display in many fonts. Another possibility is to actually use bold formatting, but this is problematic because it won't be preserved in a plain-text copy, and it breaks up the word in the source code.  Or we could adopt the IPA standard, but this presents the problem of identifying syllable boundaries, while Ukrainian dictionaries always put stress on the vowel.

 * I suspect accents are more likely to work consistently over Latin letters than Cyrillic, but all of the examples below work in my browser (Safari 3.0.4 on Mac OS X Leopard 10.5.2):

 * acute and grave: карбо́ванѐць, karbóvanècʼ
 * double and single acute: карбо̋ване́ць, karbővanécʼ
 * bold and acutes: карбо́ване́ць, karbóvanécʼ
 * IPA: карˈбоваˌнець, karˈbovaˌnecʼ

 * A quick look at the Ukrainian wiktionary shows that most words have no stress, or only primary stress indicated. Occasionally syllable breaks are shown with hyphens, as in від-мі́-ню-ва-ти.  Maybe we should just follow the leader on this one.

 * The question still remains where we should indicate stress: in which of Cyrillic, transliterations, and pronunciation?  Obviously stress should be indicated in the IPA pronunciation in the word's entry.  Does it also belong in links to the word, e.g. in a "translations" section?

 * Perhaps it's best to only indicate stress where it's required, in a word's main entry, and not clutter everything else up with accents which some readers may find confusing. —Mzajac 03:48, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Looking at the above examples with the latest Mozilla Firefox, I see о̋ and ѐ correctly, but the acute о́ is flying high and to the right. With рˈбо, only native Ukrainian-speakers would be able to tell the difference between ˈ and the regular apostrophe ’. I can tell when an entire word or phrase is bolded, but when only one letter is bolded, I don’t notice any difference on my screen.
 * Of course the accent should be marked in any IPA pronunciation, but many people don’t know or use IPA and they rely on either the Cyrillic or the transliteration. For that reason, it needs to be on the transliteration at least.
 * I don’t think it would be a good idea to follow the lead of the Ukrainian Wiki, because that is designed for native speakers. Americans require more clarity. For example, a Ukrainian can always tell the difference between ˈ and ’ in a Ukrainian word, but Americans cannot.
 * I agree, it’s probably best to add accents only where required, although it is helpful to have them marked in the Roman transliterations in the translation sections when a word’s main entry has not yet been created. But if the main entry exists, accentuation in the Translation sections is not so important. —Stephen 15:33, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I've had a look at a few Ukrainian translation dictionaries in print (of varying quality). Some don't show stress at all, some only indicate primary stress, and others indicate two places of stress without differentiation.  I am positive that I remember Ukrainian schoolbooks from my youth which use a bold acute accent for primary stress, but I haven't been able to find one.  I suspect this has probably become rare in digital typesetting, since it would require a custom font or character set.  I speculate that it may also be out of current practise in Ukraine, which would be influenced by Russian-language typography.  Of course, this applies to Cyrillic text.

 * I agree that the Latin conventions of indicating stress shouldn't be mixed with the apostrophes and double apostrophes used in romanization because of confusion. I think that acute accents may be misleading too, for readers who aren't familiar with this non-Latin convention.  This could be further confusing, because in some languages there are Cyrillic characters with acute accents ѓ and ќ.

 * Does it make sense to use the Cyrillic convention on romanized words at all? Romanization is used to convey Cyrillic spelling to a Latin-alphabet audience, while IPA is used for pronunciation.  And stress is an aspect of pronunciation, not spelling.  Note that stress marks are placed on headwords in Cyrillic dictionaries, and there is no separate pronunciation, since these languages are more-or-less phonetic.

 * I suggest that we don't mix metaphors, and stick to the common systems English-language readers are familiar with. Acute accents for stress are used in Cyrillic reference books, and should remain at the uk, ru, and other Cyrillic wiktionaries.

 * мати (maty)

 * —Mzajac 03:08, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Sounds okay. For the Roman alphabet, I use Windows’ "International English" keyboard, which makes it very easy for me to type the accents. And since Russian is so phonetic (except for the accent), not many Russian words have a separate Pronunciation section (although they should). And of course, the translation sections only have room for romanizations, not IPA pronunciations. So that’s why I like to include the accents right in the romanizations (máty). —Stephen 20:13, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I've been giving this some more thought, and have written about some general principals in Wiktionary talk:Transliteration, and about Russian in Wiktionary talk:About Russian. (The romanization guide in About Russian contradicts Appendix:Russian transliteration, and is working at cross-purposes, in my opinion)

 * I think stress, syllabification, Russian akanye, etc. are all attributes of pronunciation. They belong only in the pronunciation section.  They should be represented with IPA, and this can be supplemented by another system.  Cyrillic dictionaries don't have a separate pronunciation guide, so stress is laid on the headword, but that doesn't belong in the English-language Wiktionary.

 * Headwords in English dictionaries are in plain English, and show hyphenation breaks (an attribute of orthography). They don't show stress, syllabification, or other pronunciation attributes.  It follows that foreign-language headwords and entries in a translation section should include a Latin-alphabet representation of the original orthography only.  Perhaps the stress accent could be placed on the Cyrillic version for the benefit of those familiar with the alphabet and its conventions (I would prefer not, to avoid confusion and help with searching), but this foreign convention doesn't belong in the romanized word.

 * Sorry if I'm repeating myself. —Mzajac 00:58, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

Having worked on more definitions and discussed this elsewhere, some factors have come to my attention:

 * In publications about the Ukrainian language, stress can be indicated on both Cyrillic and transliterations.
 * (In such publications, scholarly transliteration is used for both orthographic transliteration and phonetic transcription, so perhaps it could be used here to supplement IPA in pronunciation sections.)
 * In Wiktionary, many Ukrainian words appear in translation sections but don't have their own entries yet.
 * Where the Cyrillic is linked in translations, it is impractical to indicate stress on it, so stress naturally belongs on the transliteration.
 * In Ukrainian entries, stress can also be indicated on transliterations, for clarity and consistency.

I'll add a note to this guideline about stress. —Michael Z. 21:05, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

Archaic letters
Archaic Ukrainian letters may be added as a supplement. Their transliteration is not universal, but the following suggestions follow academic practice and are unambiguous. I've already encountered the jat’ (ѣ, ять) in the etymology for горілка.

These were sometimes used in Ukrainian up to the 1917 revolution:

 * ъ ъ (jer) sometimes (”), but that is confused with the apostrophe ’ (”).
 * ы y (jery)
 * ѣ ě (jat’)
 * э è (e) sometimes (e), but that is confused with Cyrillic е (e).

These were in older orthographies, some only used for Greek words or very rare. Also found in Church Slavonic, and in obscure Rusyn orthography of the late 1800s.

 * ѕ dz (dze)
 * ѹ u (uk)
 * ѡ ô (omega) sometimes (o), but that is confused with Cyrillic о (o).
 * іа ja (a jotovane) often treated as equivalent to я (ja)
 * ѧ ę (jus malyj)
 * ѩ ję (jus malyj jotovanyj)
 * ѫ ǫ (velykyj yus)
 * ѭ jǫ (velykyj yus jotovanyj)
 * ѯ ks (ksi)
 * ѱ ps (psi)
 * ѳ θ (fita) sometimes (f) or (th), but those are confused with Cyrillic ф (f) or тг (th).
 * ѵ i (ižicja) very rare.
 * ѥ je (e jotovane)

Any comments or objections to adding these to the Appendix? I suppose some will be unreadable in Internet Explorer, without a font-style template added. —Michael Z. 18:56, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I have added the short list to the appendix, plus ё, which was part of the Zhelekhivka. —Michael Z. 19:31, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

Standards
Since we are discussing transliteration standards in the Beer parlour, I thought I'd make a relevant note here. This appendix currently falls conforms to normal practice, where some variation exists. The ISO/R 9:1968 standard is more specific, and here are the differences:

Personally, I prefer the standard's unambiguous ï over ji, but I am prejudiced towards the traditional x, ъ, and curly apostrophes.

I haven't considered the newer ISO 9:1995 standard, because it departs from conventional practice in linguistics. —Michael Z. 21:14, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

 * There was no discussion about this change in BP. Michael, you have changed "x" for "ch" in the established system without any discussion and changed it for a dozen Ukrainian words. What about the rest? What about many translations into Ukrainian? I think the Wiktionary transliteration systems should be with those who actually work with these languages, not with people who impose the rules in the Beer Parlour. Some casual editors have added more Ukrainian contents than you have and "ch" is very uncommon with Ukrainian contributors. It will also now differ from Belarusian and Russian, even though both languages also have similar standards but they were not adopted here. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 04:21, 29 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Under the topic of “standards,” I'm trying to make this consistent with real-world usage and actual standards. The х=x has only been used in a few individual authors’ systems, while the broad use in most European-style systems is х=ch (while Anglo-American–style systems use х=kh).

 * I didn’t consider consistency with the Wiktionary transliteration system for Russian. It doesn’t correspond with any system, fails in some of the essential requirements of a dictionary transliteration system, and arguably it is not stable. The special rules and exceptions turn it into a transcription system – it duplicates the pronunciation and doesn't actually transliterate the words where it matters most.

 * I am prepared to go through and update all of the transliterations.

 * Do you really think we should talk about harmonizing our diverse Cyrillic romanization systems at the BP? I think this would be a great idea, but given the history, I doubt anything would come of it. —Michael Z. 2013-01-29 21:00 z

 * The "real world" doesn't use "ch" for "х", since it may and will be misread as /tʃ/. Most Wiktionary transliteration systems are customised over the time. The current system has been established and used. If anything, Anglo-American "kh" is the real world usage.

 * There's no problem with the Russian system (except for wording and formatting, perhaps), unlike Ukrainian and Belarusian, there are a few important exceptions in Russian when letters are not pronounced as expected and the knowledge of reading rules doesn't help (e.g. "молоко" is not transliterated as "malakó"). The transliteration system helps users to pronounce those words correctly without having to use IPA. A similar approach is used with other languages where letters are pronounced differently (e.g. Japanese, Korean, Arabic, Hebrew).

 * I don't see the need to change anything. There's no point in changing if the rule won't be followed. It would make sense to discuss rules with productive contributors if their method were different from the current system, as was the case with Arabic when we compromised and used a chat transliteration system for Arabic for a while. As of today, I seem to be the most productive contributor for Ukrainian, even though most of the time it's translations - about a dozen a week into Ukrainian. The same can be said about Belarusian, unfortunately. As for Russian, there are active editors, which have been using the current system. The only remaining (minor) inconsistency is in transliterating Russian "ь" and "ъ". --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 22:01, 29 January 2013 (UTC)

 * The "real world" doesn't use "ch" for "х", since it may and will be misread as /tʃ/. – “Ch” is sometimes pronounced /x/ in English (loch, Bach), while “x” is never. I think you are making an unfounded assumption here. The real world uses several variations. English-based systems use kh. European systems mainly use ch for the last 150 years or so, while a few have used h or x. H is unacceptable because it steals the only letter usable for Ukrainian and Belarusian г. X is a minority usage. See Gerych 1965, especially the tables at the back, for a survey of older usage.

 * There's no problem with the Russian system [. . .] The transliteration system helps users to pronounce those words correctly. – That's the biggest problem. The point of transliteration is to convey the spelling, and for example, to let readers perceive irregular pronunciation or spelling. If you think IPA is inadequate to convey pronunciation, then add a better transcription. But by substituting transcription for transliteration, you hide the fact that the word is pronounced \jevo\ but spelled jego. You know that you can put an international-system transcription into the “Pronunciation” section of an entry, don't you?

 * Regardless of whether you agree with me on that, the Russian system used here is substantially different from the Ukrainian and Belarusian, because it is based on a different fundamental intent: a preference for conveying pronunciation over spelling. If we are to consider making these compatible, our treatment of one or the other has to change radically. —Michael Z. 2013-01-29 22:34 z

Module:uk-translit
For your consideration, Module:uk-translit, see also the talk page with tests. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 04:00, 27 March 2013 (UTC)

Historical romanization
Shevelov 1979:21 also gives tables for Middle Ukrainian, 15th–18th c., and Old Ukrainian, 11th–14th c. (and gives the sound values of these letters).

* NU: northern Ukrainian [ᵢe]

This could be added for reference. Not sure if it makes sense to incorporate this into the dictionary transliterations; I can see valid arguments for and against. —Michael Z. 2021-02-09 00:04 z  00:04, 9 February 2021 (UTC)


text:
Carmel Formation

The Carmel Formation is a geologic formation in the San Rafael Group that is spread across the U.S. states of Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, north east Arizona and New Mexico. Part of the Colorado Plateau, this formation was laid down in the Middle Jurassic during the late Bajocian, through the Bathonian and into the early Callovian stages.

Description
The Carmel Formation consists of up to 1000 ft of mudrock and sandstone interbedded with limestone and gypsum. It was laid down in a shallow marine to sabkha environment, into which terrigenous sediment was periodically carried. This gives the formation considerable lithological complexity. The formation is underlain by the Navajo Sandstone, with the regional J-2 unconformity separating the two formations, or by the Temple Cap Formation. Portions of the Carmel Formation grade laterally eastward into the Page Sandstone. The Carmel Formation in turn is overlain by the Entrada Formation.

In the type area of southern Utah, the Carmel Formation is divided into the Judd Hollow Member, a basal limestone member; the Crystal Creek Member, mostly mudstone and siltstone, which grades into the Page Sandstone to the east; the Paria River Member, which is also siltstone and mudstone but is separated from the Crystal Creek Member by gypsum beds; and the Winsor Member, which is mudstone, sandstone, and siltstone separated from the Paria River by a basal limestone. Further east, the limestone marker bed pinches out, and the Winsor Member and Paria River Member become indistinguishable and are informally termed the upper member. The upper member contains volcaniclastic beds of rhyolite originating in a volcanic arc just off the edge of the Colorado Plateau.

The formation preserves a Jurassic hardground, rare for North America.

Subunits
Members (alphabetical):
 * Co-op Creek Limestone Member (UT) (in place of the preempted name Kolob Limestone Member)
 * Crystal Creek Member (UT)
 * Homestake Limestone Member (UT*)
 * Judd Hollow Member (AZ*, UT*) or Judd Hollow Tongue (AZ*, UT*)
 * Paria River Member (UT*)
 * Wiggler Wash Member (UT*)
 * Winsor Member (UT*)

(Asterisks mean the name is used by the US Geological Survey)

History of investigation
In 1928 Gilluly and Reeside stated an intent to name the formation after the village of Mount Carmel, Utah but did not give a type locality. They noted it as a basal formation in the San Rafael Group in San Rafael Swell, in Emery County, Utah. An overview along with a type locality and source of name was stated by Gregory and Moore in 1931. Mackin revised the formation's description and assigned the Homestake Limestone Member to it in 1954. Harshbarger and others created an overview in 1957. Its eastern areal limits were described by Wright and others in 1962. In 1963, western areal limits along with an overview were completed by Schultz and Wright. Another revision was done by Phoenix in 1963 who also added a Judd Hollow Tongue member. Isotopic dating was conducted by Marvin and others in 1965. The Kolob, Crystal Creek, Paria River, Winsor, and Wiggler Wash members were assigned by Thompson and Stokes in 1970. Areal limits were adjusted by O'Sullivan and Craig in 1973 and again in 1983 by Blakey and others. An overview was completed by Chapman in 1989. Hintze and others conducted isotopic dating and created an overview in 1994.

Paleontological finds
There have been a number of paleontological finds within the Carmel Formation. Among these have been bryozoans, oysters, and dinosaur footprints.

Hardground mollusc community
The formation preserves a rare Jurassic hardground interpreted as a carbonate lagoon between oolitic shoals and a subtidal zone. The hardground community was dominated by bivalves such as Liostrea, Plicatula, and Modiolus. The ichnofossil Gastro‐chaenolites is present, often with fossils of Lithophaga preserved inside. The rare bryozoan Arachnidium is found in attachment scars of Liostrea. Though bivalves were abundant, the community is lacking in the diversity seen in other Jurassic hardgrounds, suggesting a restricted shelf environment.

Bryozoans
Bryozoans found within the Carmel Formation include seven species of calcareous cyclostome bryozoans as well as a soft-bodied ctenostome bryozoan.

Places found
Geologic Province:

 * Black Mesa Basin*
 * Capitol Reef National Park
 * Great Basin province*
 * Green River Basin*
 * Paradox Basin*
 * Plateau sedimentary province*
 * San Juan Basin
 * Uinta Basin*
 * Uinta Uplift*

title: Carmel Formation


text:
Dutch/Lesson 1A

Gesprek 1A-1
Let's have a look at some more conversations with everyday phrases.

Some words will already look familiar. If not hover to see an instant translation. Try to memorize some phrases, particularly the greetings. Use the vocabulary box on the right to practice the individual words until you know them.

Fill in the blank- 1A-1-F
First say the word you think should be in the blank, then use the hover method to check whether you were right.

 * Dat is de baas van het hotel niet, dat is slechts een.
 * Met gaat het goed, en met jou?
 * Nee, verplichtingen zijn niet.
 * Ik moet nu gaan, tot !
 * Ben je hier elke week om deze ?
 * Ben je naar het concert geweest?
 * Heb ik dat verkeerd ?

Pronunciation drill 1A-1-P
Listen to the following audio files and repeat what the speaker says in the pauses.

 * 1) - Hoe gaat het met je?
 * Notice how "met" and "je" 'meld' together. This is very common in casual speech.
 * 1) - Met mij gaat het prima, dank je!
 * Notice the use of the full pronoun 'mij', because emphasis is put on it. That's why the sentence starts with it. This in turn switches the words "het" and "gaat" into inverse order, much like in the question above.
 * 1) Ik moet nu gaan, tot ziens!
 * Did you notice how the z of ziens assimilates from [z] to [s] once it is put behind the -t of tot?. This happens a lot to voiced consonants in initial position. All final obstruents are voiceless automatically and they even infect the next word!
 * If you are American pay attention to the [u] sound in moet, it is quite a bit more rounded than Americans pronounce a 'u' sound.

Gesprek 1A-2
Jan en Mieke have a bite to eat in a small restaurant

Saying thank you and please
We saw that Dutch makes a distinction between jij/je and u and that this has to do with formality and politeness. The same applies to the formulas used to say thank you and please.

Please is alsjeblieft or alstublieft. Both literally mean: "if it pleases you": als het je/u belieft. It is used in a somewhat different way than in English as it can be used both to say "May I please have...": mag ik alstublieft ... hebben, or for the answer "Here you are", "Here it is" as the waiter in the above dialogue. Alsjeblieft is commonly abbreviated to ajb, whereas alstublieft is abbreviated to a.u.b..

"Thank you" can either be dank je or dank u. It is sometimes augmented with -wel: dank je wel, dank u wel.

An even more informal way of thanking is to say bedankt "(you are) thanked". It is mostly used in the negative: "nee, bedankt" and can even sound a little abbrasive, as in thanks, but no thanks.

A formal alternative is hartelijk dank "Cordially (I say) thanks"

The equivalent of "you are welcome" is tot je dienst or tot uw dienst "at your service". An alternative is graag gedaan "done with pleasure" or niets te danken "(there is) nothing to thank for". Expression like these are not used nearly much as their English counterpart, although this strongly depends on the region. Particularly in the northernmost provinces of the Netherlands (Groningen, Friesland e.g.) people tend to economize on politeness expressions, even find them annoying. Being direct is considered polite enough.

Fill in the blank- 1A-2-F
First say the word you think should be in the blank, then use the hover method to check whether you were right.

 * Mieke wil graag een appelpannenkoek.
 * Jan wil een pannenkoek met
 * Het restaurant heeft een buiten.
 * Mieke wil groene thee, maar Jan drinkt een.
 * Jan wordt te !

Quiz
{ What is this? -visit +pronunciation -friends
 * type="" }

{Select the correct translation ---+hoe +---jou -+--straat --+-spreekt
 * type="" }
 * you (obj.)|street|speaks|how

{Select the correct translation ---+- y'all see them -+--- we see you + he sees me + you see him --+-- you see her
 * type="" }
 * hij ziet me|wij zien je|u ziet haar|jullie zien hen|jij ziet hem

Pronunciation drills 1A-2-P

 * 1) - Wilt u iets eten? - Would you like something to eat
 * Did you notice the /w/? It is produced not between the upper and lower lips as in English or French, but between the upper teeth and the lower lips. At least in the Netherlands it is. In Flanders and in Surinam a bilabial w is more common, so it is not a disaster if you do that one wrong.
 * 1) - Mag ik alstublieft een kopje koffie - May I have a cup of coffee, please.
 * Notice that the 'k' sound is without aspiration: not khopje khoffie; it also contains an u-sound and one gutteral spirant. Try to make those light. Often newbies try to show off their gutterals very emphatically. It makes them sound, well, ehm, gutteral? In the bad sense of the word. Dutch speakers only do that when they are mad at someone. Otherwise they are pretty light.
 * 1) - Ja graag! Ik wil graag een pannenkoek
 * Of course the latter will test your abilities to produce gutturals... They are quite numerous in Dutch, so that you do need to practise them. As the /r/ is concerned, this speaker still uses the oldfashioned rrolling one, but today (2009) there are many different varieties being used, producing interesting combinations if preceded or followed by a g or ch.

Video
Review the personal pronouns and some other useful expressions in this YouTube video

Quizlet
You can practice the vocabulary of this lesson at Quizlet (77 terms)

Progress made
If you have studied the above well you should:
 * 1) Have made progress in pronouncing and understanding simple Dutch sentences
 * 2) Learned how to thank in Dutch
 * 3) Expanded your vocabulary by 77 terms (quizlet) plus 12 phrases related to thanking: total 89 terms

Cumulative count: Les 1: 116 terms, Les 1A: 89 terms. Total 205 terms.

Further material

 * Visit Dutch/Example 1 for some nursery rhymes, a first introduction to Dutch culture and literature.

title: Dutch/Lesson 1A


text:
User:Nimbusania~enwiktionary

Hello. I created these pages:

austringer remint remiped ressaldar risālah varvel varvels

User:Brian0918/Hotlist/R3

title: User:Nimbusania~enwiktionary


text:
Julius Adler (biochemist)

Julius Adler (April 30, 1930 – April 2, 2024) was an American biochemist. He had been an Emeritus Professor of biochemistry and genetics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison since 1997.

Early life
Adler was born in Edelfingen, Germany in 1930. He came to the United States in 1938 at the age of 8 and became a naturalized citizen in 1943. His family settled in Grand Forks, North Dakota where their relatives were among the first Europeans to arrive in 1880. Since he was child, Adler had been fascinated by how organisms sense and respond to the environment.

Education
Adler attended Harvard University and received his A.B. in Biochemical Sciences in 1952. He then studied with Henry A. Lardy at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and earned an M.S. in Biochemistry in 1954 and a Ph.D. in Biochemistry in 1957.

After graduating, Adler did postdoctoral fellowships with Arthur Kornberg in the Department of Microbiology at Washington University School of Medicine (1957–59) and A. Dale Kaiser in the Department of Biochemistry at Stanford University School of Medicine (1959–60).

Adler returned to the University of Wisconsin–Madison to join the faculty of the Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics as an assistant professor in 1960. He was promoted to associate professor in 1963 and became professor in 1966. He became an emeritus professor in 1997.

He became Edwin Bret Hart Professor in 1972 and was Steenbock Professor of Microbiological Sciences from 1982 to 1992.

Contribution to understanding bacterial chemotaxis
His work was inspired by a butterfly he saw in the woods when he was a child. This interest in butterflies expanded to include other organisms. It evolved into a curiosity about the behavior of organisms. He thought the behaviors of the monarch butterfly laying eggs on milkweeds and the caterpillars staying on the milkweed until maturity can be explained by volatile chemicals from the milkweed.

To study how organisms sense and respond to the environment, Adler decided to study the behavior of bacteria and then ultimately broaden out to the behavior of all organisms. In 1880, Wilhelm Pfeffer, a famous German botanist, had used motile bacteria to study attraction and repulsion by various plant and animal extracts and chemicals. Adler built on this work. Using the system in Escherichia coli (E. coli), Adler showed that bacteria sensed attractants and repellants with sensory proteins he termed chemoreceptors.

These findings led to the discovery of the methylation of a protein in the envelope of E. coli that is involved in chemotaxis. This protein is methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP) and it acquires methyl groups from methionine. Adler also identified the methylated residue of MCP.

Adler eventually discovered that E. coli contain several MCPs which play important roles in chemotaxis sensory transduction system. Strains of bacteria without this protein, or lacking the ability to methylate and demethylate them were unable to respond to stimuli. An increase in concentration of attractants led to an increase in methylation level of MCP; similarly, a decrease in attractants or increase in repellents led to a decrease in methylation level.

By the 1980s, it was determined that bacterial chemotaxis resulted from the regulation of flagellar rotation by chemoreceptors. Bacteria swam more smoothly due to a counterclockwise rotation of their flagella in the presence of increasing attractant. In a decreasing attractant gradient, there is an increase in bacterial tumbling, produced by a clockwise flagellar rotation. Adler isolated bacterial envelopes and found that he could restore counterclockwise flagellar rotation by adding artificial electron donors and an energy source. This suggested that the driving force behind counterclockwise flagellar rotation was the proton electrochemical potential.

Later life and death
Adler was recently doing research on sensory reception and decision making in Drosophila fruitflies. Flies were presented with attractant and/or repellent, and mutants that are neither attracted nor repelled were isolated. Defects in the mutants will be studied in hope of revealing the mechanisms involved.

Adler died April 2, 2024.

Awards and honors

 * Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1976)
 * Pasteur Award Medal of the Illinois Society for Microbiology (1977)
 * Elected to the National Academy of Sciences (1978)
 * Selman A. Waksman Award in Microbiology of the National Academy of Sciences (1980)
 * Otto Warburg Medal of the Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Germany (1986)
 * R. H. Wright Award in Olfactory Research of Simon Fraser University (1988)
 * Hilldale Award, University of Wisconsin–Madison (1988)
 * Abbott-American Society for Microbiology Lifetime Achievement Award (1995)
 * William C. Rose Award of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (1996)
 * Elected to the American Philosophical Society (1989)
 * Elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1991)
 * Elected fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology (1994)
 * Elected fellow of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters (1996)

title: Julius Adler (biochemist)


text:
Evan Male

Evan J. "Bus" Male (July 31, 1913 – June 26, 1992) was an American college basketball and baseball coach and athletic administrator. He spent his entire career at the University of Virginia.

Male was a three-sport athlete at Virginia (UVA) in the 1930s – earning nine varsity letters. Male returned to his alma mater in 1948 to become freshman football coach to begin a career in the UVA athletic department that lasted until his retirement in 1965. From 1951 to 1957, Male served as the head men's basketball coach for the Cavaliers. He led the program into the newly formed Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) in 1953 and finished his six-year tenure with a record of 67–88. From 1956 to 1959 he was head baseball coach, with a record of 37–49 in four seasons.

Following the end of his coaching career, Male worked in the Virginia athletic department in a variety of roles until retiring in 1965. He died on June 26, 1992, in Charlottesville, Virginia, at age 78.

title: Evan Male


text:
Mynor Ramírez

Mynor Ramirez (born 25 July 1972) is a Guatemalan former wrestler who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics and in the 1996 Summer Olympics as well as the 1991 and 1995 Pan American Games.

title: Mynor Ramírez


text:
Sheikh Hamad Award for Translation and International Understanding

The Sheikh Hamad Award for Translation and International Understanding is a Qatari literary award for translation from and to Arabic. The total value of the award is $2 million. It is named in honor of Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, the ruling Emir of Qatar from 1995 to 2013. It is among the world's richest literary prizes for translation.

History
Sheikh Hamad Award for Translation and International Understanding was initiated by the FAIR Forum (Forum for Arab and International Relations), in Doha, Qatar in 2015, in order to revive the culture of honoring translation and translators, which has been one of the pillars of Arab civilization throughout the ages. From Bayt Al-Hikma (The House of Wisdom) to Madrasat Al-Alsun (School of languages), translation played a major role in the exchanges between the Arab culture and the world throughout history. It enabled to convey thoughts and words and to build bridges between the two sides. Today, translation and translators still have an important role in promoting peace and harmony between different cultures.

The annual award consists of three categories:
 * The Translation Awards: include four branches: from Arabic to English, from English to Arabic, from Arabic to a second language and from the second language to Arabic. Each branch is worth $200,000 ($100,000 first place, $60,000 second place and $40,000 third place).
 * The Achievement awards: up to ten branches: the translation from Arabic to 5 other languages and the translation from these 5 languages to Arabic. Each branch is worth up to $100,000.
 * The International Understanding Award: worth $200,000 for a single winner, it aims at recognizing the efforts of an individual or institution in building a culture of peace and promoting international understanding.

2021
The second language for the Translation Award was Chinese. The languages for the Achievement Awards category were Urdu, Amharic, Greek, and Dutch.

Translation Awards

Achievement Awards

2017
The second language for the Translation Award category was French. The languages for the Achievement Awards category are Japanese, Chinese, Persian, Urdu and Malay.

Source:

2016 Edition
The second language for 2016 was Spanish.

Source:

2015 Edition
The second language for 2017 was Turkish.

Source:


text:
David S. Points

David S. Points (born May 16, 1954) is a former member of the Michigan House of Representatives.

Early life and education
Points was born on May 16, 1954, in Detroit, Michigan. Points earned a B.A. in English from Saginaw Valley State University. He then earned a J.D. from Ohio Northern University.

Career
Points served as in the United States Navy Reserve, earning the rank of lieutenant commander. Points worked as a teacher in Detroit Public Schools. Points formerly served as a court administrator and magistrate for the 30th District Court in Highland Park, Michigan. On November 3, 1992, Points was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where he represented the 6th district from January 13, 1993, to December 31, 1994. On August 2, 1994, Points lost the Democratic primary that would have allowed him to run for re-election in the general election. He lost to Martha G. Scott, who would go on to win the general election and succeed him in the state house. On August 5, 2008, Points would again be defeated in a primary, this time for the 7th state house district.

title: David S. Points


text:
User:Hotdogdragon156

Cats.they are fluffy, adorable, and loving. They shed, scratch, and wail. Some love them, some hate them, and some just don't care. For all we know, they have been around forever. Some have long hair, some have short hair. Some are playful, some are hateful. It's hard to find your perfect pet. A cat may be just that. Or a cat might just not be for you.

title: User:Hotdogdragon156


text:
Dichotomous Key/Mammalia

1

 * Birth
 * Eggs - ../Monotremata/
 * Live birth - 2

2

 * Development of young
 * In a marsupium - ../Marsupialia/
 * In a uterus with a placenta - ../Placentalia/

title: Dichotomous Key/Mammalia


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Joel Goodness

The result was   delete. The Bushranger One ping only 03:05, 25 July 2012 (UTC)

Joel Goodness

 * – ( View AfD View log  •  Stats )

A bit part in a single DSN episode doesn't confer notability, and I see no mention of a "Harry" character in Crazy for You.  Ja Ga  talk 04:31, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep* The "non-notability" argument weakens as Wikipedia becomes more comprehensive. Inclusion on IMDB and IBDB mitigate for the retention of this article. Harry is definitely in the cast list for this musical, even if not shewn on the Wikipedia entry; see these cast lists:  DavidFarmbrough (talk) 05:45, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Are you saying that notability requirements for Wikipedia articles automatically decrease over time (as Wikipedia gets bigger)? Nczempin (talk) 13:08, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes. We have seen this happen. DavidFarmbrough (talk) 23:25, 24 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Actors and filmmakers-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 12:12, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * WP:NACTOR states a notable actor: "Has had significant roles in multiple notable films, television shows, stage performances, or other productions." This guy is pretty far from that threshold. Basically two roles, neither significant.-- Ja Ga  talk 17:05, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

 * Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Rjd0060 (talk) 07:31, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Delete for failing NACTOR. IMDb is showing one credit, for Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, fewer than is claimed in the article. IBDb shows one as well; this might or might not be a significant role in a notable stage musical, but regardless, one is not enough. Clarityfiend (talk) 08:30, 18 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete. I agree, there is not quite enough here to meet WP:NACTOR.  The Broadway part was "ensemble,"  according to IBDB and the DS9 part doesn't appear to be significant enough to have had a name.  Ubelowme U  Me  16:58, 18 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete as failing WP:NACTOR and WP:GNG. Stuartyeates (talk) 23:34, 20 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Lucho

Lucho is a Spanish nickname for the name Luis.

Lucho may refer to:
 * Lucho (footballer, born 2003), Colombian footballer
 * Lucho Avilés (1938–2019), Argentine journalist
 * Lucho Ayala (born 1992), Filipino actor
 * Lucho Barrios (1935–2010), Peruvian singer
 * Lucho Bermúdez (1912–1994), Colombian musician
 * Lucho Fernández (born 1975), Spanish basketball player
 * Lucho García (born 1998), Colombian footballer
 * Lucho Gatica (1928–2018), Chilean singer
 * Lucho González (born 1981), Argentine footballer
 * Lucho Olivera (1942–2005), Argentine comic book artist and writer
 * Lucho Vega (born 1999), Argentine footballer

title: Lucho


text:
SBML

The Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) is a representation format, based on XML, for communicating and storing computational models of biological processes. It is a free and open standard with widespread software support and a community of users and developers. SBML can represent many different classes of biological phenomena, including metabolic networks, cell signaling pathways, regulatory networks, infectious diseases, and many others. It has been proposed as a standard for representing computational models in systems biology today.

History
Late in the year 1999 through early 2000, with funding from the Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Hiroaki Kitano and John C. Doyle assembled a small team of researchers to work on developing better software infrastructure for computational modeling in systems biology. Hamid Bolouri was the leader of the development team, which consisted of Andrew Finney, Herbert Sauro, and Michael Hucka. Bolouri identified the need for a framework to enable interoperability and sharing between the different simulation software systems for biology in existence during the late 1990s, and he organized an informal workshop in December 1999 at the California Institute of Technology to discuss the matter. In attendance at that workshop were the groups responsible for the development of DBSolve, E-Cell, Gepasi, Jarnac, StochSim, and The Virtual Cell. Separately, earlier in 1999, some members of these groups also had discussed the creation of a portable file format for metabolic network models in the BioThermoKinetics (BTK) group. The same groups who attended the first Caltech workshop met again on April 28–29, 2000, at the first of a newly created meeting series called Workshop on Software Platforms for Systems Biology. It became clear during the second workshop that a common model representation format was needed to enable the exchange of models between software tools as part of any functioning interoperability framework, and the workshop attendees decided the format should be encoded in XML.

The Caltech ERATO team developed a proposal for this XML-based format and circulated the draft definition to the attendees of the 2nd Workshop on Software Platforms for Systems Biology in August 2000. This draft underwent extensive discussion over mailing lists and during the 2nd Workshop on Software Platforms for Systems Biology, held in Tokyo, Japan, in November 2000 as a satellite workshop of the ICSB 2000 conference. After further revisions, discussions and software implementations, the Caltech team issued a specification for SBML Level 1, Version 1 in March 2001.

SBML Level 2 was conceived at the 5th Workshop on Software Platforms for Systems Biology, held in July 2002, at the University of Hertfordshire, UK. By this time, far more people were involved than the original group of SBML collaborators and the continued evolution of SBML became a larger community effort, with many new tools having been enhanced to support SBML. The workshop participants in 2002 collectively decided to revise the form of SBML in Level 2. The first draft of the Level 2 Version 1 specification was released in August 2002, and the final set of features was finalized in May 2003 at the 7th Workshop on Software Platforms for Systems Biology in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.

The next iteration of SBML took two years in part because software developers requested time to absorb and understand the larger and more complex SBML Level 2. The inevitable discovery of limitations and errors led to the development of SBML Level 2 Version 2, issued in September 2006. By this time, the team of SBML Editors (who reconcile proposals for changes and write a coherent final specification document) had changed and now consisted of Andrew Finney, Michael Hucka and Nicolas Le Novère.

SBML Level 2 Version 3 was published in 2007 after countless contributions by and discussions with the SBML community. 2007 also saw the election of two more SBML Editors as part of the introduction of the modern SBML Editor organization in the context of the SBML development process.

SBML Level 2 Version 4 was published in 2008 after certain changes in Level 2 were requested by popular demand. (For example, an electronic vote by the SBML community in late 2007 indicated a majority preferred not to require strict unit consistency before an SBML model is considered valid.) Version 4 was finalized after the SBML Forum meeting held in Gothenburg, Sweden, as a satellite workshop of ICSB 2008 in the fall of 2008.

SBML Level 3 Version 1 Core was published in final form in 2010, after prolonged discussion and revision by the SBML Editors and the SBML community. It contains numerous significant changes in syntax and constructs from Level 2 Version 4, but also represents a new modular base for continued expansion of SBML's features and capabilities going into the future.

SBML Level 2 Version 5 was published in 2015. This revision included a number of textual (but not structural) changes in response to user feedback, thereby addressing the list of errata collected over many years for the SBML Level 2 Version 4 specification. In addition, Version 5 introduced a facility to use nested annotations within SBML's annotation format (an annotation format that is based on a subset of RDF).

The language
SBML is sometimes incorrectly assumed to be limited in scope only to biochemical network models because the original publications and early software focused on this domain. In reality, although the central features of SBML are indeed oriented towards representing chemical reaction-like processes that act on entities, this same formalism serves analogously for many other types of processes; moreover, SBML has language features supporting the direct expression of mathematical formulas and discontinuous events separate from reaction processes, allowing SBML to represent much more than solely biochemical reactions. Evidence for SBML's ability to be used for more than merely descriptions of biochemistry can be seen in the variety of models available from BioModels Database.

Purposes
SBML has three main purposes:

 * enable the use of multiple software tools without having to rewrite models to conform to every tool's idiosyncratic file format;
 * enable models to be shared and published in a form that other researchers can use even when working with different software environments;
 * ensure the survival of models beyond the lifetime of the software used to create them.

SBML is not an attempt to define a universal language for quantitative models. SBML's purpose is to serve as a lingua franca—an exchange format used by different present-day software tools to communicate the essential aspects of a computational model.

Main capabilities
SBML can encode models consisting of entities (called species in SBML) acted upon by processes (called reactions). An important principle is that models are decomposed into explicitly-labeled constituent elements, the set of which resembles a verbose rendition of chemical reaction equations (if the model uses reactions) together with optional explicit equations (again, if the model uses these); the SBML representation deliberately does not cast the model directly into a set of differential equations or other specific interpretation of the model. This explicit, modeling-framework-agnostic decomposition makes it easier for a software tool to interpret the model and translate the SBML form into whatever internal form the tool actually uses.

A software package can read an SBML model description and translate it into its own internal format for model analysis. For example, a package might provide the ability to simulate the model by constructing differential equations and then perform numerical time integration on the equations to explore the model's dynamic behavior. Or, alternatively, a package might construct a discrete stochastic representation of the model and use a Monte Carlo simulation method such as the Gillespie algorithm.

SBML allows models of arbitrary complexity to be represented. Each type of component in a model is described using a specific type of data structure that organizes the relevant information. The data structures determine how the resulting model is encoded in XML.

In addition to the elements above, another important feature of SBML is that every entity can have machine-readable annotations attached to it. These annotations can be used to express relationships between the entities in a given model and entities in external resources such as databases. A good example of the value of this is in BioModels Database, where every model is annotated and linked to relevant data resources such as publications, databases of compounds and pathways, controlled vocabularies, and more. With annotations, a model becomes more than simply a rendition of a mathematical construct—it becomes a semantically-enriched framework for communicating knowledge.

Levels and versions
SBML is defined in Levels: upward-compatible specifications that add features and expressive power. Software tools that do not need or cannot support the complexity of higher Levels can go on using lower Levels; tools that can read higher Levels are assured of also being able to interpret models defined in the lower Levels. Thus new Levels do not supersede previous ones. However, each Level can have multiple Versions within it, and new Versions of a Level do supersede old Versions of that same Level.

There are currently three Levels of SBML defined. The current Versions within those Levels are the following:

 * Level 3 Version 2 Core, for which the final Release 2 specification was issued 26 April 2019
 * Level 2 Version 5 Release 1
 * Level 1 Version 2

Open-source software infrastructure such as libSBML and JSBML allows developers to support all Levels of SBML their software with a minimum amount of effort.

The SBML Team maintains a public issue tracker where readers may report errors or other issues in the SBML specification documents. Reported issues are eventually put on the list of official errata associated with each specification release. The lists of errata are documented on the Specifications page of SBML.org.

Level 3 packages
Development of SBML Level 3 has been proceeding in a modular fashion. The Core specification is a complete format that can be used alone. Additional Level 3 packages can be layered on to this core to provide additional, optional features.

Hierarchical Model Composition
The Hierarchical Model Composition package, known as "comp", was released in November 2012. This package provides the ability to include models as submodels inside another model. The goal is to support the ability of modelers and software tools to do such things as (1) decompose larger models into smaller ones, as a way to manage complexity; (2) incorporate multiple instances of a given model within one or more enclosing models, to avoid literal duplication of repeated elements; and (3) create libraries of reusable, tested models, much as is done in software development and other engineering fields. The specification was the culmination of years of discussion by a wide number of people.

Flux Balance Constraints
The Flux Balance Constraints package (nicknamed "fbc") was first released in February, 2013. Import revisions were introduced as part of Version 2, released in September, 2015. The "fbc" package provides support for constraint-based modeling, frequently used to analyze and study biological networks on both a small and large scale. This SBML package makes use of standard components from the SBML Level 3 core specification, including species and reactions, and extends them with additional attributes and structures to allow modelers to define such things as flux bounds and optimization functions.

Qualitative Models
The Qualitative Models or "qual" package for SBML Level 3 was released in May 2013. This package supports the representation of models where an in-depth knowledge of the biochemical reactions and their kinetics is missing and a qualitative approach must be used. Examples of phenomena that have been modeled in this way include gene regulatory networks and signaling pathways, basing the model structure on the definition of regulatory or influence graphs. The definition and use of some components of this class of models differ from the way that species and reactions are defined and used in core SBML models. For example, qualitative models typically associate discrete levels of activities with entity pools; consequently, the processes involving them cannot be described as reactions per se, but rather as transitions between states. These systems can be viewed as reactive systems whose dynamics are represented by means of state transition graphs (or other Kripke structures ) in which the nodes are the reachable states and the edges are the state transitions.

Layout
The SBML layout package originated as a set of annotation conventions usable in SBML Level 2. It was introduced at the SBML Forum in St. Louis in 2004. Ralph Gauges wrote the specification and provided an implementation that was widely used. This original definition was reformulated as an SBML Level 3 package, and a specification was formally released in August, 2013.

The SBML Level 3 Layout package provides a specification for how to represent a reaction network in a graphical form. It is thus better tailored to the task than the use of an arbitrary drawing or graph. The SBML Level 3 package only deals with the information necessary to define the position and other aspects of a graph's layout; the additional details necessary to complete the graph—namely, how the visual aspects are meant to be rendered— are the purview of the separate SBML Level 3 package called Rendering (nicknamed "render"). As of November 2015, a draft specification for the "render" package is available, but it has not yet been officially finalized.

Packages under development
Development of SBML Level 3 packages is being undertaken such that specifications are reviewed and implementations attempted during the development process. Once a specification is stable and there are two implementations that support it, the package is considered accepted. The packages detailed above have all reached the acceptance stage. The table below gives a brief summary of packages that are currently in the development phase.

Structure
A model definition in SBML Levels 2 and 3 consists of lists of one or more of the following components:

 * Function definition: A named mathematical function that may be used throughout the rest of a model.
 * Unit definition: A named definition of a new unit of measure, or a redefinition of an existing SBML default unit. Named units can be used in the expression of quantities in a model.
 * Compartment Type (only in SBML Level 2): A type of location where reacting entities such as chemical substances may be located.
 * Species type (only in SBML Level 2): A type of entity that can participate in reactions. Examples of species types include ions such as Ca2+, molecules such as glucose or ATP, binding sites on a protein, and more.
 * Compartment: A well-stirred container of a particular type and finite-size where species may be located. A model may contain multiple compartments of the same compartment type. Every species in a model must be located in a compartment.
 * Species: A pool of entities of the same species type located in a specific compartment.
 * Parameter: A quantity with a symbolic name. In SBML, the term parameter is used in a generic sense to refer to named quantities regardless of whether they are constants or variables in a model.
 * Initial Assignment: A mathematical expression used to determine the initial conditions of a model. This type of structure can only be used to define how the value of a variable can be calculated from other values and variables at the start of simulated time.
 * Rule: A mathematical expression used in combination with the differential equations constructed based on the set of reactions in a model. It can be used to define how a variable's value can be calculated from other variables or used to define the rate of change of a variable. The set of rules in a model can be used with the reaction rate equations to determine the behavior of the model with respect to time. The set of rules constrains the model for the entire duration of simulated time.
 * Constraint: A mathematical expression that defines a constraint on the values of model variables. The constraint applies at all instants of simulated time. The set of constraints in the model should not be used to determine the behavior of the model with respect to time.
 * Reaction: A statement describing some transformation, transport or binding process that can change the amount of one or more species. For example, a reaction may describe how certain entities (reactants) are transformed into certain other entities (products). Reactions have associated kinetic rate expressions describing how quickly they take place.
 * Event: A statement describing an instantaneous, discontinuous change in a set of variables of any type (species concentration, compartment size or parameter value) when a triggering condition is satisfied.

DSLs Supporting SBML
SBML is primarily a format for the exchange of systems biology models between software modeling tools or for archiving models in repositories such as BiGG, BioModels, or JWS Online. Since SBML is encoded in XML and in particular uses MathML for representing mathematics, the format is not human-readable. As a result, other groups have developed human-readable formats that can be converted to and from SBML.

SBML-shorthand
SBML shorthand is a specification and associated Python tooling to interconvert SBML and the shorthand notation. The format was developed by the UK Newcastle systems biology group sometime before 2006. Its aim was to enable modelers to more rapidly create models without having to either write raw XML or use GUI tools. Two Python tools are provided, mod2sbml.py and sbml2mod.py. The libSBML package for Python is required to assist in the conversion. Currently, SBML-shorthand supports SBML Level 3, version 1.

The following code is an example of SBML-shorthand being used to describe the simple enzyme-substrate mechanism.

Antimony
Antimony is based on an earlier DSL implemented in the Jarnac modeling application. That, in turn, was based on the SCAMP modeling application which ultimately drew inspiration from the DSL language developed by David Garfinkel for the BIOSIM simulator.

Like SBML-shorthand, Antimony provides a simplified text representation of SBML. It uses a minimum of punctuation characters which renders the text easier to read and understand. It also allows users to add comments. Antimony is implemented using C/C++ and Bison as the grammar parser. However, the distribution also includes Python bindings which can be installed using pip to make it easy to use from Python. It is also available via the Tellurium package. More recently, a JavaScript/WASM version has been generated which allows the Antimony language to be used on the web. The website tool makesbml uses the Javascript version. Antimony supports SBML Level 3, version 2. Antimony also supports the following SBML packages: Hierarchical Model Composition, Flux Balance Constraints, and Distributions.

The following example illustrates Antimony being used to describe a simple enzyme-kinetics model:

Community
As of February 2020, nearly 300 software systems advertise support for SBML. A current list is available in the form of the SBML Software Guide, hosted at SBML.org.

SBML has been and continues to be developed by the community of people making software platforms for systems biology, through active email discussion lists and biannual workshops. The meetings are often held in conjunction with other biology conferences, especially the International Conference on Systems Biology (ICSB). The community effort is coordinated by an elected editorial board made up of five members. Each editor is elected for a 3-year non-renewable term.

Tools such as an online model validator as well as open-source libraries for incorporating SBML into software programmed in the C, C++, Java, Python, Mathematica, MATLAB and other languages are developed partly by the SBML Team and partly by the broader SBML community.

SBML is an official IETF MIME type, specified by RFC 3823.

title: SBML


text:
reken

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) shark
 * 2) loan shark

Etymology
From, , from , from , from , indirectly derived from.

Verb

 * 1)  to.

Etymology
From, from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. Indirectly derived from.

Verb

 * 1) to count
 * 2) to reckon
 * 3)  to expect

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) shark

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to bring together, to gather into a heap, to rake
 * 2) to produce, to bring out

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) shark

title: reken


text:
Meta

What is Meta?
Meta, or Wikimedia's Meta-wiki, at http://meta.wikimedia.org, is a wiki-based web site that is auxiliary to all the Wikimedia Foundation projects. This includes wikipedia, wikiversity, wikibooks, wiktionary, and wikiquote.

First created as Meta-Wikipedia in November 2001, it now serves several distinct roles:

 * 1) Discussion and formulation of the Wikimedia projects, including Wikipedia, and in particular policy discussion.
 * 2) A forum for personal essays relating to a wikimedia project that are not necessarily NPOV.
 * 3) A place to organise and prepare content, to discuss interlanguage co-ordination issues.
 * 4) A place to coordinate the development process.
 * 5) A help guide to using the MediaWiki software.

Meta currently serves as one of the major avenues of discussion for Wikimedians including Wikipedians, the others being the mailing lists, the IRC channels, and the talk pages of individual articles and users. Meta is an independent and autonomous project from the English language Wikipedia and thus has its own policies and customs, which often differ from those here. Also until the arrival of single login, you will need to create another account at Meta.

Originally focused on the English language version of Wikipedia, Meta has, since its upgrade to Wikipedia's custom MediaWiki software, become a multilingual discussion forum used by all Wikimedia language communities.

Projects for collaboration between Wikiversity and Meta-Wiki

 * Help with User survey - help needed with creating software for this research project

title: Meta


text:
Rayne

Proper noun

 * , variant of Raine.

Proper noun

 * 1)  The romantic pairing of the characters  and  from the television series Firefly.

title: Rayne


text:
自ら

Etymology 1
→ * → →

Originally a compound of.

The  is used to indicate the reading.

Adverb

 * 1) personally, by or for oneself

Noun

 * 1) oneself

Pronoun

 * 1)  first-person pronoun: I, me

title: 自ら


text:
User:Bonzi21/be bold

Wikipedia crucially depends on factual information from reliable published sources in order to be successful. Being bold is important on Wikipedia.

title: User:Bonzi21/be bold


text:
Spanish/Vocabulary

 * Animals
 * Arts
 * Colors
 * Emergency Room
 * Food
 * Love
 * Music

 * Occupations
 * Outdoors
 * People
 * Sports
 * Technology
 * Describing Yourself

title: Spanish/Vocabulary