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Šilalė

Šilalė (Samogitian: Šėlalė, Szyłele) is a city in western Lithuania, Samogitia, Tauragė County. It is located 30 km north of Tauragė. The River Lokysta flows through the town and there is a pond in the centre of the town.

History
The town is part of the Samogitian ethnographic region of Lithuania and was first mentioned in the sixteenth century. Its name derives from the generic word sila ("Pinewood") and Samogitian suffix -alė. It was located in the Duchy of Samogitia in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

During World War II, the town was under Soviet occupation from 1940, and then under German occupation from 1941 to 1944. In July 1941, 135 Jewish men from Šilalė were shot on a site in the Jewish cemetery. In September 1941, the Jewish women and children of Šilalė were shot in the Tūbinės forest. Around 1,300 Jews were massacred by an Einsatzgruppen of Germans and local Lithuanian collaborators.

Ethnic composition
2011 – population of 5,492 people: 2001 – population of 6,281 people:
 * Lithuanian – 99.02% (5438);
 * Russian – 0.33% (18);
 * Other – 0.66% (36).
 * Lithuanian – 99.23% (6235);
 * Russian – 0.37% (23);
 * Other – 0.37% (23).

Notable people

 * Ferdinand Ignatius Piłsudski (c. 1670–c. 1719), Lithuanian nobleman, and a Colonel and Commander in the Samogitian division of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
 * Franciszek Piłsudski (1713–1791) Lithuanian nobleman, Podczaszy (Deputy Cup Bearer) and member of the Sejm in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
 * Stasys Girėnas (1893–1933), Lithuanian–American pilot
 * Lukas Lekavičius, professional basketball player

title: Šilalė


text:
User:S a naqvi/sandbox

S A NAQVI is a talented emerging writer with a huge fan following in a very short time she has written online stories and novels which are making her popular among youth,she is also doing work as an editor in an online magzine

Early life
S A NAQVI was born in a small town she is the daughter of a businessman and recently working as an editor of an online magzine

Philosophical and/or political views
life is all about achievements

Published works
humnawa thy jo, jaam e hasrat. qarz, khali hath, khushi mil gaee, http://kitaabghar.org/urdu-novels/S-A-Naqvi/Jaam-e-Hasrat-Urdu-Novel-S-A-Naqvi.php

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:S a naqvi/sandbox


text:
Talk:Mary Totah

Publications
List of publications can be expanded from here. Pam D  11:15, 22 August 2021 (UTC)

Which Loyola?
Perhaps someone with access to The Times could check which of the various Loyola Universitys is the right one? The source I've used doesn't clarify. Pam D  17:27, 22 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mary Totah


text:
Introduction to Information Technology

Information technology (IT) is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or other enterprise.

The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several industries are associated with information technology, including computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecommunications equipment, engineering, healthcare, e-commerce and computer services.

Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and communicating information since the Sumerians developed writing in about 3000 BC, but the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)." Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making, and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs.

Based on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to distinguish among four distinct phases of IT development: the pre-mechanical era (3000 BC – 1450 AD), the mechanical phase (1450–1840), the electromechanical phase (1840–1940) and the electronic age (1940–present). This article focuses on the most recent period (electronic), which began in about 1940.

History of computer technology

Devices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, probably initially in the form of a tally stick. The Antikythera mechanism, dating from about the beginning of the first century BC, is generally considered to be the earliest known mechanical analog computer, and the earliest known geared mechanism. Comparable geared devices did not emerge in Europe until the 16th century, and it was not until 1645 that the first mechanical calculator capable of performing the four basic arithmetical operations was developed.

Electronic computers, using either relays or valves, began to appear in the early 1940s. The electromechanicalZuse, completed in 1941, was the world's first programmable computer, and by modern standards one of the first machines that could be considered a complete computing machine. Colossus, developed during the Second World War to decrypt German messages was the first electronic digital computer. Although it was programmable, it was not general-purpose, being designed to perform only a single task. It also lacked the ability to store its program in memory; programming was carried out using plugs and switches to alter the internal wiring. The first recognizably modern electronic digital stored-program computer was the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), which ran its first program on 21 June 1948.

The development of transistors in the late 1940s at Bell Laboratories allowed a new generation of computers to be designed with greatly reduced power consumption. The first commercially available stored-program computer, the Ferranti Mark I, contained 4050 valves and had a power consumption of 25 kilowatts. By comparison the first transistorized computer, developed at the University of Manchester and operational by November 1953, consumed only 165 watts in its final version.

Data Storage

Early electronic computers such as Colossus made use of punched tape, a long strip of paper on which data was represented by a series of holes, a technology now obsolete. Electronic data storage, which is used in modern computers, dates from World War II, when a form of delay line memory was developed to remove the clutter from radar signals, the first practical application of which was the mercury delay line. The first random-access digital storage device was the Williams tube, based on a standard cathode ray tube, but the information stored in it and delay line memory was volatile in that it had to be continuously refreshed, and thus was lost once power was removed. The earliest form of non-volatile computer storage was the magnetic drum, invented in 1932 and used in the Ferranti Mark 1, the world's first commercially available general-purpose electronic computer.

IBM introduced the first hard disk drive in 1956, as a component of their 305 RAMAC computer system. Most digital data today is still stored magnetically on hard disks, or optically on media such as CD-ROMs. Until 2002 most information was stored on analog devices, but that year digital storage capacity exceeded analog for the first time. As of 2007 almost 94% of the data stored worldwide was held digitally: 52% on hard disks, 28% on optical devices and 11% on digital magnetic tape. It has been estimated that the worldwide capacity to store information on electronic devices grew from less than 3 exabytes in 1986 to 295 exabytes in 2007, doubling roughly every 3 years.

Databases
Database management systems emerged in the 1960s to address the problem of storing and retrieving large amounts of data accurately and quickly. One of the earliest such systems was IBM's Information Management System (IMS), which is still widely deployed more than 40 years later. IMS stores data hierarchically, but in the 1970s Ted Codd proposed an alternative relational storage model based on set theory and predicate logic and the familiar concepts of tables, rows and columns. The first commercially available relational database management system (RDBMS) was available from Oracle in 1980.

All database management systems consist of a number of components that together allow the data they store to be accessed simultaneously by many users while maintaining its integrity. A characteristic of all databases is that the structure of the data they contain is defined and stored separately from the data itself, in a database schema.

The extensible markup language (XML) has become a popular format for data representation in recent years. Although XML data can be stored in normal file systems, it is commonly held in relational databases to take advantage of their "robust implementation verified by years of both theoretical and practical effort". As an evolution of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), XML's text-based structure offers the advantage of being both machine and human-readable.

Data retrieval
The relational database model introduced a programming-language independent Structured Query Language (SQL), based on relational algebra.

The terms "data" and "information" are not synonymous. Anything stored is data, but it only becomes information when it is organized and presented meaningfully. Most of the world's digital data is unstructured, and stored in a variety of different physical formats even within a single organization. Data warehouses began to be developed in the 1980s to integrate these disparate stores. They typically contain data extracted from various sources, including external sources such as the Internet, organized in such a way as to facilitate decision support systems (DSS).

Data transmission
Data transmission has three aspects: transmission, propagation, and reception. It can be broadly categorized as broadcasting, in which information is transmitted unidirectionally downstream, or telecommunications, with bidirectional upstream and downstream channels.

XML has been increasingly employed as a means of data interchange since the early 2000s, particularly for machine-oriented interactions such as those involved in web-oriented protocols such as SOAP, describing "data-in-transit rather than ... data-at-rest". One of the challenges of such usage is converting data from relational databases into XML Document Object Model (DOM) structures.

Data manipulation
Hilbert and Lopez identify the exponential pace of technological change (a kind of Moore's law): machines' application-specific capacity to compute information per capita roughly doubled every 14 months between 1986 and 2007; the per capita capacity of the world's general-purpose computers doubled every 18 months during the same two decades; the global telecommunication capacity per capita doubled every 34 months; the world's storage capacity per capita required roughly 40 months to double (every 3 years); and per capita broadcast information has doubled every 12.3 years.

Massive amounts of data are stored worldwide every day, but unless it can be analysed and presented effectively it essentially resides in what have been called data tombs: "data archives that are seldom visited". To address that issue, the field of data mining – "the process of discovering interesting patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data" – emerged in the late 1980s.

Academic perspective
In an academic context, the Association for Computing Machinery defines IT as "undergraduate degree programs that prepare students to meet the computer technology needs of business, government, healthcare, schools, and other kinds of organizations .... IT specialists assume responsibility for selecting hardware and software products appropriate for an organization, integrating those products with organizational needs and infrastructure, and installing, customizing, and maintaining those applications for the organization’s computer users."

Ethical perspective
The field of information ethics was established by mathematician Norbert Wiener in the 1940s. Some of the ethical issues associated with the use of information technology include:
 * Breaches of copyright by those downloading files stored without the permission of the copyright holders
 * Employers monitoring their employees' emails and other Internet usage
 * Unsolicited emails
 * Hackers accessing online databases
 * Web sites installing cookies or spyware to monitor a user's online activities

title: Introduction to Information Technology


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User:Dburgess000/sandbox

Category:Telecommunications Category:Telecommunications infrastructure Category:Mobile telecommunications

Software Defined Mobile Networking (SDMN) is an approach to the design of mobile networks where all protocol-specific features are implemented in software, maximizing the use of generic and commodity hardware and software in both the core network and radio access network.

History
Through the 20th century, telecommunications technology was driven by hardware development, with most functions implemented in special-purpose equipment. In the early 2000’s, generally available CPU’s became cheap enough to enable commercial software defined radio (SDR) technology and softswitches. SDMN extends these trends into the design of mobile networks, moving nearly all network functions into software.

The term "software-defined mobile network" first appeared in public literature in early 2014, used independently by Lime Microsystems and researchers from University of Oulu, Finland.

Limitations of Hardware-Based Mobile Networks
Mobile networks based on special-purpose hardware suffer from the following limitations:
 * They have limited provisions for upgrades and usually must be replaced entirely when new standards are introduced.
 * The individual components are not scalable in terms of performance and capacity, because the capacity of a component is fixed by the hardware implementation.
 * Specialized equipment and its associated specialized software require vendor-specific training for the mobile operator's staff.
 * Specialized hardware systems are usually supported and serviced by a single vendor, resulting in vendor lock-in.

Use of Software-Defined Radio
SDR is an important element of SDMN, because it replaces protocol-specific radio hardware with protocol-agnostic digital transceivers. While many earlier digital radio systems used field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or special-puposed digital signal processors (DSPs) for calculations on baseband radio waveforms, the SDMN approach moves all of the baseband processing into general-purpose CPUs. SDMN radio systems also use hardware with publicly-documented interfaces that is designed to be readily reproducible by multiple manufacturers.

Commodity Components
SDMN designs avoid the use of components that are specialized as to their functions or that are available from only a single vendor. This is true of both the hardware and software elements of the network.

Software Switching and Transcoding
The telephony switches of SDMN networks are software-based, including software transcoding for speech codecs.

Advantages of SDMN
The SDMN approach has many advantages over hardware-based mobile network designs.
 * Because SDMN hardware is protocol-agnostic, upgrades are software-only, even across technology generations. In the radio network, these changes can even be made on a site-by-site basis.
 * Because SDMN hardware is designed to be easily sourced and reproduced:
 * SDMN equipment can be serviced by a wider range of vendors, lowering maintenance costs.
 * SDMN equipment can be manufactured anywhere in the world, lowering production costs.
 * Because SDMN software is based on commodity operating systems and development tools:
 * Support staff can be trained more quickly because they are already familiar with the underlying software systems.
 * Many aspects of the SDMN can be monitored and managed with pre-existing tools, because they are already available in the commodity operating systems.
 * Because SDMN network components run on general purpose computers, the network components can be scaled up in capacity by adding more computing power.

Examples of SDMN Designs
Vanu was one of the first companies to offer an SDR-based radio system for mobile networks. However, Vanu offered only the base stations, not a complete SDMN.

YateBTS is designed as part of a complete SDMN, including all of the standard functions of the core network.

title: User:Dburgess000/sandbox


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Cotton Eye Joe (Rednex song)

"Cotton Eye Joe" is a song by Swedish Eurodance group Rednex, released in August 1994 by Jive and Zomba as the first single from their debut studio album, Sex & Violins (1995). Based on the traditional American folk song "Cotton-Eyed Joe", it combines the group's style with traditional American instruments such as banjos and fiddles. The song was written by Janne Ericsson, Örjan Öban Öberg and Pat Reiniz, and produced by Reiniz. The vocal verses are performed by Annika Ljungberg, while the "Cotton Eye Joe" chorus is sung by Göran Danielsson, who never appears in the music video for the song, directed by Stefan Berg. It was a number one hit in at least eleven countries, and reached numbers 25 and 23 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and Cash Box Top 100. In 2002, "Cotton Eye Joe" was remixed in a new dance version, and was released on Rednex's first greatest hits album, The Best of the West (2002).

Composition
"Cotton Eye Joe" is based on the old traditional country folk song "Cotton Eyed Joe" and opens with the chorus sung by the male singer. Almost a minute into the song, the female singer performs the first of two vocal verses. It has a tempo of 132 BPM and runs 3 minutes and 14 seconds long with an A key and a minor mode, and a time signature of 4 beats per bar. In the 2002 book, Move Your Body (2 The 90s): Unlimited Eurodance, writer Juha Soininen states that the song "broke the euro mould by letting a man sing the refrain while a woman sang the middle part."

Chart performance
The Rednex version of the song (using "Eye" instead of "Eyed"), along with a dance-mix version, was very successful in Europe, where it remained at number one in Norway for 15 weeks, Switzerland for 13 weeks, Germany for 10 weeks, Sweden for 8 weeks, Austria for 7 weeks, and for 3 weeks on the UK Singles Chart. In the latter, the single reached the top spot in its fifth week on the chart, on 8 January 1995. Additionally, it also peaked at number one in Belgium, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands and Scotland, as well as on the Eurochart Hot 100. In Ireland, it peaked at number two in January 1995. In Oceania, it topped the New Zealand Singles Chart for 6 consecutive weeks. In Australia it peaked at number eight in April 1995. In the US, it peaked in April/May 1995 at number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 23 on the Cash Box Top 100.

"Cotton Eye Joe" was awarded with a gold record in Australia (35,000), the Netherlands (50,000) and the US (500,000). It also received a platinum record in Austria (50,000), New Zealand (10,000), Sweden (50,000), Switzerland (50,000) and the UK (650,000), and a 2× platinum record in Germany (1 million) and Norway.

Critical reception
Johnny Loftus from AllMusic named "Cotton Eye Joe" a "backwater Euro-dance novelty". Larry Flick from Billboard described it as "country hoedown fiddling sewn into a raucous pop/rave dance beat", noting that the song has "cheeky rap poking stereotypical fun at Southerners". J.D. Considine from The Daily Gazette called it "the piece de resistance, a track so infernally catchy that you almost don't notice how screamingly funny it is." Jim Farber from Daily News complimented the band for managing "to crack the pop singles chart at a time when even country stars who sell millions of albums can't make hay on the pop song list." David Browne from Entertainment Weekly commented, "For sheer audaciousness, it's not surprising that the record is garnering such attention. Where else can you hear a barn-dance staple gone techno, complete with dance-diva wailing and manic banjos and fiddles?" Tom Ewing of Freaky Trigger said that "Cotton Eye Joe” work "on that basic, energetic, ass-moving level", adding that "the hollering diva interludes actually change things up a little, though that decades-old hook is solid enough to stand on its own." Dave Sholin from the Gavin Report noted that "this group from Sweden puts a techno spin on a square dance staple", stating that its "fresh, unique approach makes 'Cotton Eye Joe' so hot." A reviewer from Knoxville News Sentinel described it as "techno-hoedown". In his weekly UK chart commentary, James Masterton deemed it "a massive party smash no matter where you are".

Howard Cohen from The Miami Herald wrote that "every decade has its novelty song", adding that "it deserves credit for its gumption, at least." Pan-European magazine Music & Media said "it takes three to set a trend: the Grid's "Swamp Thing", the Two Cowboys' "Everybody Gonfi-Gon" and Bravado's 'Harmonica Man'. Rednex are the next modern barn dance act." A reviewer from Music Week gave it five out of five, describing it as "Europop meets country in an irritatingly catchy tune", that is "guaranteed to pack the dance floors at party time and a cast iron cert of a hit." John Kilgo from The Network Forty complimented "Cotton Eye Joe" as a "outright winner", stating that "this novelty track is not only catchy and fun, but uptempo as well." Stuart Bailie from NME wrote, "A fantastic western dance (and if you haven't thrown shapes to this at The Broken Spoke in Austin, well, you've missed out, mate) is given the full-on techno treatment, like that cowboy outfit The Grid have done already this year. Maybe another novelty turn, but fun with it." Neil Spencer from The Observer viewed it as "an initially amusing joke". James Hamilton from the Record Mirror Dance Update declared it a "happily galloping Swedish disco hoedown with square dance caller, fiddle and banjo". Chuck Campbell from Scripps Howard News Service felt it "has the same novelty appeal" as "I'm Too Sexy", "but in addition to the aggressive dance rhythm and offbeat vocals, the Rednex song also features an impossibly high-voiced woman and manic fiddle and banjo."

Music video
The accompanying music video for "Cotton Eye Joe" was directed by Swedish director Stefan Berg. It won the prize for the best Swedish dance video at the 1995 Swedish Dance Music Awards. The video features the band performing in a barn during a hoedown where the guests did activities such as dancing, playing and splashing in old wild west baths, and riding a mechanical bull. Several signs can be seen in the barn, with inscriptions like "Horses outside", "No bath!" and "No sex allowed". The video ends with a short fast-motion clip of a girl riding the mechanical bull. Göran Danielsson, who sings the "Cotton Eye Joe" chorus, never appears in the video. It received heavy rotation on MTV Europe and was A-listed on Germany's VIVA. In the US, the video generated massive reaction on its first week on The Box. "Cotton Eye Joe" was later made available on Rednex's official YouTube channel in 2013, and had generated more than 196 million views as of December 2022.

Impact and legacy
MTV Dance ranked "Cotton Eye Joe" number 51 in their list of "The 100 Biggest 90's Dance Anthems of All Time" in November 2011. BuzzFeed ranked it number 97 in their list of "The 101 Greatest Dance Songs of the '90s" in 2017. Paste magazine ranked the song number 17 in "The 60 Best Dancefloor Classics" list in 2017. ThoughtCo ranked it number 92 in their list of "The Top 100 Best Party Songs of All Time" in 2018, adding, "What happens when you combine folk, techno, and bluegrass music? It goes something like this hit". Billboard magazine ranked "Cotton Eye Joe" number 49 in their list of "The 100 Greatest Jock Jams of All Time" in February 2024, writing, "A dangerously stomping Eurocountry reinvention of a 150-plus-year-old folk song, and one of the most demented crossover hits of the ’90s."

2001 BDO World Champion John Walton uses this as his walk-on music. "Cotton Eye Joe" was frequently played for a segment called "Coin Quest" in the Adult Swim television series FishCenter Live. Jimmy Fallon sang a soft rock-style version of this song on his eponymous late-night talk show as part of the Musical Genre Challenge. In 2021, the Ontario Hockey League team the Guelph Storm stopped using the song during games after consultation with local groups alleging the song has racist origins. The song is played in the viral video "Evolution of Dance".

On August 12, 2023, "Cotton Eye Joe" interrupted a tiebreaker during a Canadian Open match between Iga Świątek and Jessica Pegula. The point was replayed. The song could later be heard playing over the loudspeakers after Pegula went on to defeat Swiatek in three sets.

Track listings

 * Original CD
 * 1) "Cotton Eye Joe" (original single version) – 3:14
 * 2) "Cotton Eye Joe" (Madcow Mix) – 4:46
 * 3) "Cotton Eye Joe" (Madcow Instrumental) – 4:46
 * 4) "Cotton Eye Joe" (Overworked Mix) – 6:20
 * 5) "Cotton Eye Joe" (Original Instrumental) – 3:08

 * 2002 CD
 * 1) "Cotton Eye Joe 2002" – 3:33
 * 2) "Cotton Eye Joe 2002" (Dance Nation Remix) – 7:32
 * 3) "Cotton Eye Joe 2002" (Aquagen Remix) – 7:45
 * 4) "Ride the Hurricane's Eye" (Winnetoons version) – 3:02
 * 5) "Cotton Eye Joe 2002" (extended version) – 5:56

title: Cotton Eye Joe (Rednex song)


text:
Wikibooks talk:Neutral point of view

I think the NOV policy needs some discussion for wikibooks project.

We may agree that wikibooks should not a place to produce a book that asserts some specific position or view, though I am not completely sure.

Should we say, for example, there should not be a book about environmental conservation (or gun control or birth control) that asserts that conservation is important? (The more NPOV way of referring to that is "many (including, A, B) think that conservation is important because of ..., though there are some criticisms, most notably by C that ...."

In case of encyclopedia, there is a solution - we can sometimes split an article into many articles, and explain different points of views in length.

If we were to implement this kind of solution, we might want to develop multiple "modules" or components of books along with multiple table of contents (each of which take different sets of modules to create a book from one particular POV).

Feel free to copy this to mailing list or elsewhere. Tomos 22:54, 31 Aug 2003 (UTC)
 * I agree that NPOV will have to apply differently here than Wikipedia. Since the project is still nascent, the best bet is to just go with it and, hopefully, a consensus will develop over time -- since most of our regulars are likely also Wikipedians, I think this will be a relatively easy process.  The conservation textbook you mentioned is a good example; it would be silly to interrupt every point with an explanation of why not everyone believes it.  The same would apply to descriptions of evolution, the Big Bang, etc.  We can assume a particular POV on the part of the reader in these cases, and should probably include an introduction or preface that explains why we are ignoring the fact that not everyone believes the same way on these issues. TUF-KAT 18:00, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

My opinion is that NPOV is not really at home here. Textbooks and other learning materials at times are written, and NEED to be written, from a "non-neutral" point of view. --Karl Wick 21:51, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm pretty new here, but I strongly belive that NPOV is not appropriate for Wikibooks. I think that there is, perhaps, some questionable sort of "objectivity" that something like an Encyclopedia can strive for, but I do not think this the case with a book. Limiting ourselves to books that meet an-NPOV standard would limit ourselves to books that sound an aweful lot like encyclopedias. Wikibooks seems to be about something beyond that.

 * Furthermore, since Wikibooks is trying to create textbooks or books that could be used for learning, in a project like Wikiversity, etc., I think it is important to recognize that "objective" truth is a POV that tends to privilege the status-quo. Like the above example, if you are writing a book on environmental conservation, I believe it would not only be "silly" to strive for NPOV, I believe it would be counter-productive. As a history student, I believe that every narrative has an implicit subjectivity, (or POV). Any narrative that is constructed, for instance history, anthropology, sociology, etc., comes from a point of view and has political implications. The notion of "objectivity" and "objective truth" for instance in Anthroplogy, has been used to blind people from the significance of privileged white male anthropologists observing other cultures. (And Anthropology, with its claim to "objective truth," has played a vital role in the construction of scientific racism.)

 * I'm sorry if I'm trailing off here... I just feel strongly that recognizing subjectivity as opposed to hiding from it is a more fruitful approach to something such as Wikibooks. Fokion 23:36, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

If there is a need to have something written from an non-NPOV, then that need should (will?) be clearly noted in the text itself. The real question of NPOV is what does 'neutral' really mean? That should be clearly defined in the policy. My initial idea is that if something exists to be talked about factually, there is something in empirical reality that can be cited, and ought to be cited. Conclusions and opinions based on that empirical concepts should be built logically. If there are any countering opinions (or significant counter theories) they should be explained as if they were subject to the same rules. --Neal Delfeld 18:24, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I think a problem here is that the idea of talking "factually" and "empirical reality" may work well with something like computer science or mathematics, but not so well with history or social theory. History, for instance, is not made of concrete facts, one stacking upon another. NPOV may work better with the "hard" sciences, but in the humanities or social sciences there is no such thing.Fokion 00:16, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

POV in textbooks
I think our history, geography and Chinese history textbooks are almost certainly biased. Especially history. You know, the 'the ancient Egyptians were great architects' or 'Alexander the Great was a great ruler'. For the ancient Egyptians they even gave the wrong fact because they followed Herodotus' version. But to the smaller ones. Like 'the Spartans are a warlike people'. Most people agree that, don't we? By modern standards they are pretty warlike. But is that still an opinion, an opinion to the eyes of us modern people? And one more thing: Athenians built many open-air theatres. What defines many? There could be theatres on every corner of Planet Drama. :)

By the way, I think the emoticon should be removed. It makes our policy here look much more casual. Policies and guidelines can joke, sure, WP does that all the time, but not include non-standard ways of expressing. Kayau ( talk | email | contribs ) 23:56, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

 * They say that history is written by the victorious. Of particular note to your thoughts is Can history be truly NPOV?. – Adrignola talk 03:22, 10 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Ha. I have to agree. Chinese history, for example, is written from a Confucian point of view. Kayau (talk | email | contribs) 03:32, 10 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Compared with Wikipedia our NPOV policy is much more casual. I think Wikipedia expects their articles to be written neutral from the beginning while Wikibooks accepts that neutrality is a process that takes time. Wikipedia's expectations are reflected in that its policy defines what it means for articles to be neutral and how to achieve neutrality while Wikibooks relies on the scope of each book to affect what it means to be neutral and how neutrality is achieved which is reflected by the more general and less specific approach used in Wikibooks' policy.
 * If you believe the statements above that you quoted are a problem, be bold and fix them. "Anthropologists like Blah and Blah considered the ancient Egyptians to be great architects" or "During his time people considered Alexander the Great to be a great ruler, hence the name" to give two possible fixes. For the smaller ones you could even do "Compared with modern standards the Spartans are a warlike people" or "Today the Spartans are considered warlike people." --dark lama  13:08, 10 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Wikibooks talk:Neutral point of view


text:
Jacknife Lee

Garret "Jacknife" Lee is an Irish music producer and mixer. He has worked with a variety of artists, including the Cars, U2, R.E.M., the Killers, Robbie Williams, Snow Patrol, Bloc Party, Two Door Cinema Club, AFI, the Hives, Weezer, One Direction, Silversun Pickups, Editors, Modest Mouse, Lonnie Holley, and Taylor Swift.

Biography
Lee started as a guitarist for the Dublin garage/punk band Compulsion, formerly Thee Amazing Colossal Men then pursued a solo career in the field of electronica after the band's break-up. His first solo work, the EP A Dog Named Snuggles, was released under the name Jacknife Lee in 1998 by Pussyfoot Records, a label founded by Howie B.

Lee released his first album, Muy Rico, in 1998. His second album Punk Rock High Roller was released in 2001 by Palm Pictures. To Hell With You I'll Make My Own People was recorded as Jack Planck for the One Little Indian label. Jacknife Lee released his self-titled third solo album in 2007.

Jacknife Lee has also remixed a variety of artists' work including a version of Run-DMC's "It's Tricky 2003", the Future Sound of London's "The Mello Hippo Disco Show" and versions of U2's "Vertigo" which was limited released onto 7", 10" and 12" vinyl, Christina Aguilera, TLC, Pink, Blur, Radiohead, Missy Elliott, Busta Rhymes, Eminem, the Raveonettes, Kraftwerk, New Order, and Kasabian. In 2008, he produced R.E.M.'s Accelerate, Bloc Party's Intimacy, Two Door Cinema Club and Crystal Castles. In 2010 he produced R.E.M.'s last album Collapse into Now, released in 2011.

Lee supported Bono's "The Stories of Surrender" theater tour in 2022 and 2023 as musical director, keyboardist and percussionist.

On 24 July 2023, Lee, Lol Tolhurst, and Budgie announced their album Los Angeles, released on 3 November by PIAS Recordings.

Works produced, mixed, or written

 * Sack – Butterfly Effect (1997)
 * 28 Days Later OST Enhanced – Ave Maria (2003)
 * Snow Patrol – Final Straw (2003)
 * Aqualung – Still Life (2004)
 * Kasabian – Reason Is Treason (2004)
 * U2 – How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb (2004)
 * Vega4 – You and Others (2006)
 * Vaux – Beyond Virtue, Beyond Vice (2006)
 * The Freelance Hellraiser – Waiting for Clearance (2006)
 * Snow Patrol – Eyes Open (2006)
 * Bono, The Edge, Andrea Corr and T-Bone Burnett – Don't Come Knocking (2005)
 * Juliet – Ride the Pain (2005)
 * Editors – "Bullets" (2006)
 * Bloc Party – A Weekend in the City (2007)
 * Editors – An End Has a Start (2007)
 * Green Day & U2 – "The Saints Are Coming" (2007)
 * Snow Patrol – "Signal Fire" (2007)
 * Nicole Scherzinger – Just Say Yes (2007)
 * The Hives – The Black and White Album (2007)
 * PlayRadioPlay! – Texas (2008)
 * R.E.M. – Accelerate (2008)
 * Hadouken! – Music for an Accelerated Culture (2008)
 * Weezer – The Red Album (2008)
 * Bloc Party – Intimacy (2008)
 * Snow Patrol – A Hundred Million Suns (2008)
 * Marmaduke Duke – Duke Pandemonium (2009)
 * Bloc Party – "One More Chance" (2009)
 * Amanda Blank – Shame on Me (2009)
 * Weezer – Raditude (2009)
 * U2 – Medium, Rare & Remastered (2009)
 * Regina Spektor – Far (2009)
 * AFI – Crash Love (2009)
 * R.E.M. – Live at the Olympia (2009)
 * Snow Patrol – Up to Now (2009)
 * Crystal Castles – Crystal Castles (2010)
 * Tired Pony – The Place We Ran From (2010)
 * Mêlée – The Masquerade (2010)
 * Biffy Clyro – Many of Horror (2010)
 * Snow Patrol – "Just Say Yes" (2010)
 * Blur : Video Game – Blur : Video Game (2010)
 * R.E.M. – Collapse Into Now (2011)
 * Crystal Castles – "Not in Love" (feat. Robert Smith) (2011)
 * The Walkmen – Juveniles (2011)
 * The Cars – Move Like This (2011)
 * The Wombats – This Modern Glitch (2011)
 * The Black Keys – "Tighten Up (Radio Mix)" (2011)
 * All Time Low – Dirty Work (2011)
 * The Drums – Portamento (2011)
 * Snow Patrol – Fallen Empires (2011)
 * R.E.M. – Part Lies, Part Heart, Part Truth, Part Garbage 1982–2011 (2011)
 * LostAlone – I'm a UFO in This City (2012)
 * Silversun Pickups – Neck of the Woods (2012)
 * Two Door Cinema Club – Beacon (2012)
 * Robbie Williams – Take the Crown (2012)
 * Taylor Swift – Red (2012)
 * Crystal Castles – III (2012)
 * Snow Patrol – Greatest Hits (2013)
 * Tired Pony – The Ghost of the Mountain (2013)
 * Lissie – Back to Forever (2013)
 * Bonnie McKee – "American Girl" (2013)
 * One Direction – Something Great (2013)
 * Silversun Pickups – Let It Decay (2013)
 * Silversun Pickups – The Singles Collection (2014)
 * Twin Atlantic – Great Divide (2014)
 * Snow Patrol – Divergent: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (2014)
 * Neil Diamond – Melody Road (2014)
 * Kodaline – Coming Up for Air (2015)
 * Elle King – Love Stuff (2015)
 * Saint Raymond – Young Blood (2015)
 * Silversun Pickups – Better Nature (2015)
 * Yacht – I Thought the Future Would Be Cooler (2015)
 * Raury – All We Need (2015)
 * Jake Bugg – On My One (2016)
 * Bat for Lashes – The Bride (2016)
 * Twin Atlantic – GLA (2016)
 * Two Door Cinema Club – Gameshow (2016)
 * Neil Diamond – Acoustic Christmas (2016)
 * Michelle Branch – Hopeless Romantic (2017)
 * Beth Ditto – Fake Sugar (2017)
 * The Killers – Wonderful Wonderful (2017)
 * Alex Cameron – Forced Witness (2017)
 * U2 – Songs of Experience (2017)
 * The Beaches –Late Show (2017)
 * Snow Patrol – Wildness (2018)
 * The Killers – Revamp: Reimagining the Songs of Elton John & Bernie Taupin (2018)
 * Bob Moses – Battle Lines (2018)
 * Sneaks – Hong Kong To Amsterdam (2018)
 * Jacknife Lee – Space Is The Plaice / Pussyfoot (2018)
 * The Killers – "Land of the Free" (2019)
 * Sneaks – Highway Hypnosis (2019)
 * Catfish and The Bottlemen - The Balance (2019)
 * The Beaches – The Professional (2019)
 * Editors – Frankenstein (2019)
 * Two Door Cinema Club – False Alarm (2019)
 * Editors – Black Gold (2019)
 * Snow Patrol – Reworked (2019)
 * Jacknife Lee – The Jacknife Lee (2020)
 * Jack Garratt – Love, Death and Dancing (2020)
 * The Freelance Hellraiser – Waiting For Clearance (2020)
 * Sneaks – Happy Birthday (2020)
 * Open Mike Eagle – Anime, Trauma and Divorce (2020)
 * Elderbrook – Why Do We Shake in the Cold?  (2020)
 * A Certain Ratio – Yo Yo Grip  (2020)
 * James - All the Colours of You (2021)
 * The Beaches – Future Lovers (2021)
 * Modest Mouse - The Golden Casket (2021)
 * A Certain Ratio – ACR/EPC (2021)
 * Taylor Swift – Red (Taylor's Version) (2021)
 * U2 – Sing 2 Soundtrack (2021)
 * Twin Atlantic – Bang On The Gong (2021)
 * Twin Atlantic – One Man Party (2021)
 * Twin Atlantic – Get Famous (2021)
 * Twin Atlantic – Transparency (2022)
 * The Wombats – Fix Yourself, Not the World (2022)
 * Tears for Fears – The Tipping Point (2022)
 * Sea Girls – Homesick (2022)
 * The Regrettes – Further Joy (2022)
 * Rokia Kone – Bamanan (2022)
 * Telifís – aHaon (2022)
 * Telifís – a Dó (2022)
 * Telifís – Special Report (2023)
 * Lonnie Holley – Oh Me Oh My (2023)
 * U2 – "Atomic City"
 * Alex Lahey – The Answer Is Always Yes (2023)

Remixes

 * U2 – "The Blackout"
 * U2 – "Bullet the Blue Sky"
 * Basement Jaxx – "Where's Your Head At"
 * Editors – An End Has a Start
 * U2 – "Window in the Skies"
 * U2 – "Fast Cars"
 * U2 – "Vertigo"
 * U2 & Pavarotti – "Ave Maria"
 * New Order – "Waiting for the Sirens' Call"
 * Elkland – "Apart"
 * Spektrum – Kinda New
 * The Raveonettes – That Great Love Sound
 * Busta Rhymes – "Put Your Hands"
 * Run DMC – "It's Tricky"
 * Eminem – "Cleanin' Out My Closet"
 * Missy Elliott – "Get Ur Freak On"
 * Radiohead – "Airbag"
 * Kraftwerk – Airwaves
 * Christina Aguilera – "Can't Hold Us Down"
 * Pink – "Just Like a Pill"
 * TLC – "Girl Talk"
 * Blur and Marianne Faithfull – Kissin Time
 * The Future Sound of London – "The Mello Hippo Disco Show"
 * Dirty Vegas – Simple Things
 * Snow Patrol – "Run"
 * Snow Patrol – "You're All I Have"
 * Badly Drawn Boy – Born Again
 * Longview – Further
 * Aqualung – Good Time Is Gonna Come
 * Aqualung – Strange and Beautiful
 * Buck 65 – Wicked and Weird
 * Kosheen – Wasting My Time
 * Björk – "I Miss You"
 * Tom Jones – "Black Betty"
 * Fuzz Townsend – Bus
 * The Beatles – "Eleanor Rigby"
 * Elvis Presley – "Burning Love"
 * Télépopmusik – Do tha Hoola
 * LHB featuring Justin Warfield – No Transmission
 * Kasabian – "Reason Is Treason"
 * U2 – "The Blackout"
 * Fenech-Soler – "Night Time TV"

title: Jacknife Lee


text:
nanohole

Noun

 * 1)  A hole of nanoscale dimensions; but especially one of an array of such holes on a semiconductor surface.

title: nanohole


text:
Abdul Aziz (Sri Lankan politician)

Abdul Aziz (6 October 1912 – 5 June 1990) was an Indian-born Ceylonese politician and trade unionist. He was elected to the first Parliament of Ceylon in March 1950 representing the Ceylon Indian Congress as the member for the Maskeliya electorate, at a parliamentary by-election, following the death of the sitting member, G. R. Motha.

Aziz was born in India and educated at the Bombay University before moving to Ceylon to join his father. Aziz one of the founding members of the Ceylon Indian Congress (CIC), which was formed on 15 July 1939, with Aziz as one of the joint secretaries, following a visit by Jawaharlal Nehru to Ceylon, In 1942 he was elected as the president of the CIC Labour Union. In March 1943 Aziz attacked the government for its anti-Indianism and for neglecting estate labour and as a result was charged with causing disaffection against the government and obstructing the war effort. He was arrested and tried in the Supreme Court, where he was acquitted. In 1944 Aziz led the CIC delegation before the Soulbury Commission requesting constitutional safeguards for the citizenship and voting rights of the people of recent Indian origin but failed to get any substantial guarantees from the Commission.

In 1950 the CIC was renamed the Ceylon Workers Congress (CWC). In 1956, as a result of leadership rivalries between the president, Savumiamoorthy Thondaman, and Aziz, who was the general secretary, Aziz formed the Democratic Workers Congress (DWC). In 1970 he was appointed as a member of parliament, by the United Front government. However the 1972 Republican Constitution subsequently abolished the appointed member system.

title: Abdul Aziz (Sri Lankan politician)


text:
toisaalta

Etymology

 * delative case of.

Adverb

 * 1) on the other hand, then, then again
 * 2) (from) elsewhere
 * 1) (from) elsewhere
 * 1) (from) elsewhere

title: toisaalta


text:
User:WCHemie/sandbox

Electron-deficient bismuth clusters are classical examples of homopolyatomic ions (a polyatomic ion composed entirely of a single element). They were originally observed in dilute solutions of bismuth metal in molten bismuth chloride. It has since been found that these clusters are present in the solid state (particularly in salts where germanium tetrachloride or tetrachloroaluminate serve as the counteranions) and endow materials with a variety of interesting optical properties.

Structure
Bismuth polycations are held together by sigma bonds, despite the fact that they possess fewer total valence electrons than would seem necessary for the number of sigma bonds. The shapes of these clusters are dictated by Wade's rules, which are based on the treatment of the electronic structure as delocalized molecular orbitals. The bonding can also be described with three-center two-electron bonds in some cases, such as the Bi53+ cluster.

Bismuth clusters have been observed to act as ligands for copper and ruthenium ions. This behavior is possible due to the otherwise fairly inert lone pairs on each of the bismuth that arise primarily from the s-orbitals left out of Bi-Bi bonding.

Optical Properties
The variety of electron-deficient sigma aromatic clusters formed by bismuth gives rise to a wide range of spectroscopic behaviors. Of particular interest are the systems capable of low-energy electronic transitions, as these have demonstrated potential as near infrared light emitters. Such a property makes these species potentially valuable to the field of near-infrared optical tomography, which exploits the near-infrared window in biological tissue.

title: User:WCHemie/sandbox


text:
Talk:Bert Brackett

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 12 external links on Bert Brackett. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160613220313/http://legislature.idaho.gov/senate/membership.cfm to http://legislature.idaho.gov/senate/membership.cfm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120501064151/http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2006/general/tot_leg.htm to http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2006/general/tot_leg.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120501063707/http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2008/Primary/tot_leg.htm to http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2008/Primary/tot_leg.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120616143914/http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2008/General/tot_leg.htm to http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2008/General/tot_leg.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120522002826/http://www.sos.idaho.gov/ELECT/RESULTS/2010/Primary/tot_leg.htm to http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2010/Primary/tot_leg.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120501063900/http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2010/General/tot_leg.htm to http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/results/2010/General/tot_leg.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121119193944/http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2012/Primary/tot_leg.htm to http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2012/Primary/tot_leg.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160615195017/http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2012/General/tot_leg.htm to http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2012/General/tot_leg.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141108053333/http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2014/Primary/legislative_totals.html to http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2014/Primary/legislative_totals.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20161220093000/http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2014/General/legislative_totals.html to http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/results/2014/General/legislative_totals.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20161220092827/http://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/RESULTS/2016/Primary/legislative_totals.html to https://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/results/2016/Primary/legislative_totals.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20161221144543/http://sos.idaho.gov/elect/results/2016/General/legislative_totals.html to https://www.sos.idaho.gov/elect/results/2016/General/legislative_totals.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:53, 18 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bert Brackett


text:
User:Mactony makatu

Mactony hails from Makwarela, a small town in the Thohoyandou region, in Limpopo,South Africa. He is currently based in Malamulele, furthering his studies and music/media. His stage name Mactony is shortened version of both his first and last name, Makatu Antony.

Mactony is a young,independent Actor /Radio presenter /rapper or if you may, multi talent young man. Mactony was born into a Christian family. His sound could be described as venrap beautifully meshed together, with his lyrics & delivery set to stir up emotions. Mactony has not only managed to get airplay on various radio stations nationwide, but he’s also appearing on TV acting on several South African TV series on Mzansi media and others as extras

title: User:Mactony makatu


text:
Template:Government agencies disestablished in year category header/doc

Creates a category of the form "Government agencies disestablished in YYYY", where "YYYY" is a 4-digit year

e.g.
 * Category:Government agencies disestablished in 1923
 * Category:Government agencies disestablished in 2016

Usage
No parameters needed


text:
Channel 27 virtual TV stations in the United States

The following television stations operate on virtual channel 27 in the United States:

 * K12XK-D in Boulder, Colorado
 * K12XQ-D in Monroe, Louisiana
 * K14NJ-D in Hot Springs, Montana
 * K18GG-D in Mina/Luning, Nevada
 * K20JX-D in Sacramento, California
 * K25OB-D in San Antonio, Texas
 * K26CI-D in Cortez, etc., Colorado
 * K26JC-D in Walker Lake, Nevada
 * K26JI-D in Sibley, Iowa
 * K27AE-D in Victorville, etc., California
 * K27DO-D in Bend, etc., Oregon
 * K27JP-D in Little Rock, Arkansas
 * K27MQ-D in St. George, Utah
 * K27OY-D in Memphis, Tennessee
 * K27PC-D in Yuma, Arizona
 * K27PE-D in Gustine, California
 * K32EY-D in Dove Creek, etc., Colorado
 * K33GZ-D in Hawthorne, Nevada
 * K33PV-D in Rock Rapids, Iowa
 * KAOB-LD in Beaumont, Texas
 * KBAX-LD in Twin Falls, Idaho
 * KBKI-LD in Boise, Idaho
 * KCWS-LD in Sioux Falls, South Dakota
 * KCWV in Duluth, Minnesota
 * KDFI in Dallas, Texas
 * KDKJ-LD in Tyler, Texas
 * KELV-LD in Las Vegas, Nevada
 * KFDY-LD in Lincoln, Nebraska
 * KGHB-CD in Pueblo, etc., Colorado
 * KGJT-CD in Grand Junction, Colorado
 * KHGI-CD in North Platte, Nebraska
 * KJKZ-LD in Fresno, California
 * KKEL in Ely, Nevada
 * KLDO-TV in Laredo, Texas
 * KLWY in Cheyenne, Wyoming
 * KMBY-LD in Monterey, California
 * KNGF in Grand Forks, North Dakota
 * KNXG-LD in College Station, Texas
 * KOHA-LD in Omaha, Nebraska
 * KOZL-TV in Springfield, Missouri
 * KPCD-LD in San Fernando, California
 * KREN-TV in Reno, Nevada
 * KRPV-DT in Roswell, New Mexico
 * KSCD-LD in Hemet, California
 * KSFV-CD in Los Angeles, California
 * KSIN-TV in Sioux City, Iowa
 * KSKC-CD in Pablo/Ronan, Montana
 * KSLM-LD in Dallas, Oregon
 * KSNT in Topeka, Kansas
 * KUAS-TV in Tucson, Arizona
 * KUCO-LD in Chico, California
 * KUKR-LD in Santa Rosa, California
 * KWBH-LD in Rapid City, South Dakota
 * KWTC-LD in Kerrville, Texas
 * KYPO-LD in Tacna, Arizona
 * W15DC-D in Florence, South Carolina
 * W15ES-D in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
 * W26FE-D in Montgomery, Alabama
 * W27AU-D in Wausau, Wisconsin
 * W27DK-D in Columbus, Georgia
 * W27DP-D in New Bern, North Carolina
 * W27DQ-D in Elmhurst, Michigan
 * W27EO-D in Panama City, Florida
 * W27EP-D in Destin, Florida
 * W27EQ-D in Peoria, Illinois
 * W27ET-D in Maple Valley, Michigan
 * WBGU-TV in Bowling Green, Ohio
 * WCCU in Urbana, Illinois
 * WCMV in Cadillac, Michigan
 * WCQT-LD in Cullman, Alabama
 * WFXR in Roanoke, Virginia
 * WGEI-LD in Enterprise, Alabama
 * WGNT in Portsmouth, Virginia
 * WGZT-LD in Key West, Florida
 * WHJC-LP in Williamson, West Virginia
 * WHTM-TV in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
 * WIRP-LD in Raleigh, North Carolina
 * WKBN-TV in Youngstown, Ohio
 * WKOW in Madison, Wisconsin
 * WKYT-TV in Lexington, Kentucky
 * WLNM-LD in Lansing, Michigan
 * WLOV-TV in West Point, Mississippi
 * WLPB-TV in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
 * WNAL-LD in Scottsboro, Alabama
 * WNYK-LD in Teaneck, New Jersey
 * WOCD-LD in Ocala, Florida
 * WQEC in Quincy, Illinois
 * WRDQ in Orlando, Florida
 * WRJA-TV in Sumter, South Carolina
 * WSOT-LD in Marion, Indiana
 * WTCT in Marion, Illinois
 * WTNB-CD in Cleveland, Tennessee
 * WTXL-TV in Tallahassee, Florida
 * WUNW in Canton, North Carolina
 * WUTF-TV in Worcester, Massachusetts
 * WWAX-LD in Hartford, Connecticut
 * WWRJ-LD in Jacksonville, Florida
 * WXSG-LD in Springfield, Illinois
 * WYJJ-LD in Jackson, Tennessee

The following stations, which are no longer licensed, formerly operated on virtual channel 27 in the United States:
 * K11XT-D in Mariposa, California
 * K20CP-D in Elmo, Montana
 * K27EC-D in Lake Havasu City, Arizona
 * K27MG-D in Columbia, Missouri
 * KCPM in Grand Forks, North Dakota
 * KEXT-CD in San Jose, California
 * KILW-LD in Rochester, Minnesota
 * KNYS-LD in Natchitoches, Louisiana
 * KULG-LD in Springfield, Missouri
 * W27DH-D in Evansville, Indiana
 * W27DV-D in Bluffton–Hilton Head, Georgia
 * WDYH-LD in Augusta, Georgia
 * WUDI-LD in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/Local/thebestmotivator.com

Links

 * thebestmotivator.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Selected additions

 * Displayed 5 additions out of 5 total.	 For more info see WikiProject_Spam/LinkReports/thebestmotivator.com

Entry
Log entry for the MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist:

\bthebestmotivator\.com\b   # ADMINNAME # see  [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spam/Local/thebestmotivator.com ]]

Discussion
See COIBot report for more details.

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 08:46, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 06:59, 23 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
File:FrameForgeSBTDS8b.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to create 3D storyboards with FrameForge 3D Studio Demo Version.

title: File:FrameForgeSBTDS8b.jpg


text:
Jazz improvisation

< School of Music and Dance | Jazz

Introduction
This is my first time on the wikipedia web site. I was poking around and saw this page. I thought my contribution could be sharing an observation as a jazz educator.

Over the years I have tried many different approaches to teaching kids to improvise. Blues scales, modes pentatonic scales etc. I have found that the most beneficial bit of information is basic chord structure. By teaching students that chords are built in thirds and by practicing a universal triad (13th chord) in different key signatures, they understand note choices better. Then they plug in the formulas for Major 7th, Dominant 7th, minor 7th etc. This then leaves choosing rhythms and styles.

As usual, music and teaching are always a work in progress. What works with one group of kids may need to be modified for the next group.

Please share your thoughts.

The most complicated part of improvising is moving outside of the chord and/or key. Students must poke around and learn what works and what doesn't. You cannot simply tell someone what they should play.

If the musician is doing improv as a solo during a song, they should examine the melody and notice what notes of the melody are outside the chord, and try and incorporate those notes into the solo also.

title: Jazz improvisation


text:
miserabile

Etymology
, derived from. ..

Adjective

 * 1)  worthy of pity or compassion
 * 2) pitiful due to poverty, squalor or desolation
 * 3) miserable, poor, destitute
 * 4)  dirty, squalid
 * 5)  wretched, contemptible, despicable
 * 6) meager, paltry, worthless
 * 1)  dirty, squalid
 * 2)  wretched, contemptible, despicable
 * 3) meager, paltry, worthless
 * 1) meager, paltry, worthless
 * 1) meager, paltry, worthless

Noun

 * 1)  wretch

title: miserabile


text:
Cookbook talk:Cottage Cheese Eggs

Revision history from Cottage Cheese Eggs

View (previous 50) (next 50) (20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500).

Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit

* (cur) (last). . M 09:06, 22 Nov 2003. . Wik * (cur) (last). . 10:28, 15 Nov 2003. . The Grimm Ripper (Formatting, clarification and an explanation of the term 'Mexican Seasoning') * (cur) (last). . M 02:54, 18 Jan 2003. . Mintguy * (cur) (last). . M 02:54, 18 Jan 2003. . Mintguy (de-branding) * (cur) (last). . 02:50, 18 Jan 2003. . Tarquin (See also the Wikipedia Cookbook.) * (cur) (last). . M 19:36, 17 Jan 2003. . Maveric149 (- crap) * (cur) (last). . M 19:35, 17 Jan 2003. . Maveric149 (removed by-line; that is what the page history is for) * (cur) (last). . 19:08, 17 Jan 2003. . <IP_ADDRESS>   * (cur) (last). . 19:08, 17 Jan 2003. . <IP_ADDRESS>   * (cur) (last). . 19:05, 17 Jan 2003. . <IP_ADDRESS>

View (previous 50) (next 50) (20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500).

Discussion from en:Talk:Cottage Cheese Eggs

WTF is this? Sounds revolting, please take out accreditations about your wife and whatnot. Is this copyright somewhere?

 * Is there maybe a Wikipedia is not a Cookbook? -- Wapcaplet

 * oddly enough, we have a Wikipedia Cookbook... -- Tarquin 10:51 Jan 18, 2003 (UTC)

 * Actually, it's even more revolting than it sounds. <IP_ADDRESS> 14:35, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Cottage Cheese Eggs


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/2014–15 Cheshire Senior Cup

The result was   redirect to Cheshire Senior Cup. — Coffee //  have a cup  //  beans  // 02:20, 18 February 2015 (UTC)

2014–15 Cheshire Senior Cup

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Non-notable as per Kivo (talk) 16:16, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete – Not a notable national competition and fails WP:GNG. QED237 (talk) 16:59, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of association football-related deletions. QED237 (talk) 17:02, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Delete - fails WP:GNG, no evidence this particular season is individually notable. GiantSnowman 18:29, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-notable. APerson (talk!) 19:22, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * The comment below was erroneously put on the talk page of this AfD, I copy it here for completeness' sake without any endorsement (or otherwise) -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 13:05, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Keep - One of the first Cup competitions in Association Football and features clubs from the Football League down to level 10 (step 6). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Iucrmh (talk • contribs)
 * Delete – How old something is doesn't make it notable. Kingjeff (talk) 17:31, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Although I feel that notable is a little subjective, this isn't a particularly notable season granted, but if you want to fill in the entire history of this competition, then you have to start somewhere. If the competition itself is only considered to be of marginal interest then I understand that a page for each season isn't required. You will need to also consider removal of the 2013-14 Cheshire Senior Cup page. A shame that the work will may have gone to waste, but that's democracy I guess. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:13, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of England-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 16:35, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Events-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 16:35, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Football-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 16:35, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Redirect to Cheshire Senior Cup. Nfitz (talk) 16:12, 15 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete - Not notable JMHamo (talk) 12:46, 17 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Introduction to Strategic Studies/Guerrilla

part of Strategic Studies

Summary
An introduction to the nature, history, capacities and limitations of Guerilla warfare as a tool of state or non-state policy in proxy conflicts, civil wars, and conventional (inter-state) wars.

Introduction
"Guerrilla" comes from the Spanish diminuitive of the word "war," thus implying a meaning of "war in miniature." It is a strategy of avoiding pitched battles and engaging the enemy in such a way that he is forced to commit an asymmetric force to counter guerrilla attacks. This course covers the basics of guerrilla and invites discussion about what constitutes guerrilla warfare, how and when it is effective, and its relationship to radical ideology.

Required Readings

 * Wikipedia: Guerrilla
 * Wikipedia: Peninsular War

Optional Readings
Please read one book from the following before the class lecture:
 * Lawrence, T.E. Seven Pillars of Wisdom. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1963 (originally published 1926). ISBN 0-9546418-0-9
 * Guevarra, Che. Guerrilla Wafare.
 * Marighella, Carlos. Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla.

Please read two articles from the following list by different authors, minimum, before beginning this class lecture:

 * Clark, Major Jackie K. "Che Guevara: Fundamentals of Guerrilla Warfare". 1988.
 * Mao Zedong. "Problems of Strategy in China's Revolutionary War". December, 1936.
 * Mao Zedong. "Problems of Strategy in Guerrilla War Against Japan". May 1938.

Lecture
Guerrilla has been used for a lot longer than we often give it credit. It was key to British victory in the war of 1812, it sapped Napoleon of strength during the Peninsular War (where the term was coined), and has been a tool of proxy conflicts for almost two centuries.

Project
The guerrilla project is a series of suggestions for learning activities in order to answer a few basic questions about the course and gain confidence with the material. Guerrilla Project

Denouement
This will detail what has been learned and encourage you to add feedback to this page from your own experiences from the project.


text:
List of North Wales Crusaders players

This page details the players to have played for the North Wales Crusaders club.

All players
List of players with appearance number. If two players made their début during the same game shirt numbers will decide which player comes first. Last updated on 2 September 2012.

title: List of North Wales Crusaders players


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Line of succession to the former Portuguese throne

The result was delete. Tone 13:18, 24 August 2020 (UTC)

Line of succession to the former Portuguese throne

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This throne has been defunct since 1910. WP:DEL-REASON 6: Articles that cannot possibly be attributed to reliable sources, including neologisms, original theories and conclusions, and articles that are themselves hoaxes (but not articles describing notable hoaxes). It is impossible to attribute the current line of succession to this throne to WP:RELIABLE sources, because there is no current line of succession, because monarchy doesn't exist anymore. See also WP:NOTGENEALOGY. There are also WP:BLP concerns about the people who are listed here.

So basically, the same reasons as the previous 25 lines of successions to defunct thrones that have been deleted recently (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25). TompaDompa (talk) 12:18, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Lists of people-related deletion discussions. TompaDompa (talk) 12:18, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of History-related deletion discussions. TompaDompa (talk) 12:18, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Portugal-related deletion discussions. TompaDompa (talk) 12:18, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Keep this article has a place in wikipedia. The study of former monarchies and their lines of succession is not something that should just be taken off Wiki because those thrones no longer exist. The portuguese monarchy existed for nearly a thousand years, its mark on Portugal is incalculable and even if a monarch no longer reigns, the house of braganza maintains notability and notoriety in portuguese society and culture. There are plenty of reputable sources relating to the line of succession. Fully against deletion. Cristiano Tomás (talk) 13:09, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * This article is not about the historical impact of the Braganza family, and they and their individual members may well remain notable, but there is no current line of succession because there is no crown to be in order to succeed to. Were this to change, it would be the rules established at that time that would determine the order of succession, which would not necessarily be the same as the prior rules (male-preference primogeniture has been largely abandoned in extant European monarchies, as are the restrictions pertaining to morganatic marriage). If this is presupposed on such a reestablishment, then it is WP:CRYSTAL, otherwise, it is counterfactual. Agricolae (talk) 14:50, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete as per nom. Without an existing legal framework, presenting what the line of succession would be based on no-longer operative rules as if the monarchy never fell is alternative history. Agricolae (talk) 14:50, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Keep - Even though there haven't been a monarchy in Portugal for 110 years, the former ruling family still exists.
 * The idea stated in the nomination that there can't be a line of succession, when there isn't an existing monarchy is more or less bogus. It's a private and so far unsourced opinion.
 * There will in by far the most cases always be a line of succession to a monarchial institution, if that institution was based on the principle of inheriting the tile, unless the family in question has run out of heirs. The assumption that the line of succession to a former throne dosen't exist any more is pretty much an (unsourced) opinion, a private opinion not based in any international rules or resolutions. I can't think of a UN-resolution that mentions anyting about that the line of succession to defunct thrones dosen't exist any more?
 * We do actually have a number of cases, where referendums have been held about the question whether an abolished monarchy should be restored. If we put the 1947 Spanish referendum aside, because it didn't involve reinstating an actual monarch in the job, then there are at least four known examples of such referendums: 1935 Greek monarchy referendum, 1953 Maldivian constitutional referendum, 1993 Brazilian constitutional referendum & 1997 Albanian monarchy referendum. These referendums would have been meaningless, if the nations where they took place didn't think a) there is actually a former royal family, we can put back on the throne and b) there is a line of succession in that family that determins, who will become monarch and who will become first, second, third and so forth in the line of succession if we the people/nation decides to bring back the monarchy to our country.
 * I didn't get around having classes in law at university, but I'm pretty confident, that most lawyers would say, that it is/was the latest law of succession from before the monarchy was abolished, that defines the line of succession in that particular royal/princely family. Isn't that just a statement on my behalf? Perhaps, but if we take a look at the historical examples it is evident, that when a republic is abolished and a former monarchy comes into existence once more, then the restored monarchies have had no need for defining who would be the monarch and who would be the heirs in the line of succession once more, they simply followed the laws or rules from the last time, the monarchy had been in function. The examples of this, that I can think of is:
 * Britain (England and Scotland) 1660
 * Kingdom of France 1814
 * French Empire 1852 (though Napoleon III changed the law of succession immediately after he had acceded the throne)
 * Spain 1874
 * Greece 1935
 * Maldives 1953
 * Of course a restored monarchy can make the choise, that they will follow a new set of rules conserning succession to the throne, but in these cases it's a deliberate choise in the situation. The examples could be Hungary (1920), Spain (1947/1975) and Cambodia (1993).
 * So the historical evidence strongly points to the conclussion, that lines of successions is maintained within a royal/princely family, even if the family no longer functions as reigning family within an existing independent monarchy.
 * Of course there will be cases, where a line of succession can't be established - Hungary would make such an example, since the latest Hungarian monarchy (1920-1946) didn't recognice anyone as eligible for being the monarch of the country, and therefore the country didn't have and didn't recognice (while still a monarchy) a particular line of succession. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Oleryhlolsson (talk • contribs) 15:52, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * The rules that governed succession to existing monarchies have changed (in some monarchies repeatedly), and there is no reason were Portugal to reestablish a monarchy they would be bound by rules from the early 1900s. Yes, there could hypothetically be a referendum that installed the person legitimists consider to be the heir to the former monarchy as king, but there could just as well be referenda that choose someone other than that legitimate heir. When Spain restored a monarchy in 1975, the person chosen was not the person next in line based on the prior rules of succession.  Keeping this page under the supposition that the a country hypothetically restoring a monarchy at some point in the future is in any way bound by the rules that existed more than 100 years ago is simply groundless and subjective. Agricolae (talk) 17:45, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * That there is no line of succession when there is no monarchy isn't an opinion, it's what there being no monarchy means. This is easily demonstrated by asking a simple question: Who succeeded Manuel II of Portugal as King of Portugal when he died in 1932? That's right, nobody did. That's all there is to it. And you also have the WP:BURDEN of proof backwards: All content must be verifiable. The burden to demonstrate verifiability lies with the editor who adds or restores material, and it is satisfied by providing an inline citation to a reliable source that directly supports the contribution. You're the one arguing for the inclusion of material, so you're the one who needs to demonstrate that the line of succession to the defunct throne still exists. Which you can't, because it doesn't. Your own line of reasoning here acknowledges that this is all hypothetical. In other words, it's speculative, alternative history – real-life fan fiction, if you will. However, Wikipedia is WP:NOTSPECULATION. TompaDompa (talk) 19:43, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete as per nom and above comment. Balle010 (talk) 15:56, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete. Royalist pretensions in Portugal are not documented by independent reliable sources sufficiently enough that the concept of a "current line of succession" is both verifiable and notable. There would need to be specific third-party news coverage and (ideally) journal articles on a coherent royalist movement with a published line of succession for this to be remotely encyclopedic. JoelleJay (talk) 19:17, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom, this is absurd fantasy.Smeat75 (talk) 20:11, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete. per nom. Donaldd23 (talk)
 * Delete The throne has been defunct for over 100 years. It died before WWI. It was not brought back with the end of facsism or any other change. We have an article on the house of Braganza that can say anything needed to be said about the members for the last century. It is time to drag Wikipedia kicking and screaming into the 21st century, and to stop writing it as a wrote of the restorationist legitimacy established in the 1815 Peace Treaty. That is the only way to describe these truly absurd articles that pretend thrones that have been defunt over a century have any meaning at present.John Pack Lambert (talk) 00:33, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Rename -- Pretenders to the throne of Portugal. Alternatively merge to House of Braganza (leaving a redirect).  Who are descendants of former royal families is worth having in WP.  Peterkingiron (talk) 16:57, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable, defunt Royal Family   -- Devoke water   (talk)  22:07, 22 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete this is fundamentally speculation, either by us or on the part of whatever source we cite, because in the unlikely event that Portugal decided to restore their monarchy there is no guarantee they would adopt the same rules of succession. There seems to be a dispute about who the rightful successor is anyway.  Hut 8.5  10:11, 23 August 2020 (UTC)


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User:Iva kirilova

User: Ivanka Kirilova Topic: Children interests Why do children lose their curiosity on the way to school? How can we nourish the sense of wonder and keep it alive through the school years? These are some important questions. We thing that the children around the world have common interests in the process of education. If we find them, we can organise the education according to students needs, interests and aspirations. Learning will become more attracrive and fascinating activity, no matter where you study or what is the subject. Project plan: 1. Finding literature about the topic; 2. Research about children interests (inquiry); 3. Analysing the results; 4. Making a presentation. Experience: I have my own research on this topic.

title: User:Iva kirilova


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/On Genetic Interests

The result was delete. Eddie891 Talk Work 01:06, 24 August 2020 (UTC)

On Genetic Interests

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This obscure book written by an avowed Neo-Nazi seems to have flown mostly under the radar. WP:BK, it seems to me, is not satisfied by the single critique and the two paens written by comrades-in-arms and either self-published or published in obscure neo-Nazi outfits. jps (talk) 13:14, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Discrimination-related deletion discussions. jps (talk) 13:14, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Ethnic groups-related deletion discussions. jps (talk) 13:14, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Social science-related deletion discussions. jps (talk) 13:14, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 * See also Articles for deletion/Frank Salter, AfD for the author of the book. jps (talk) 13:16, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete per nomination. --Hob Gadling (talk) 13:23, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment Just to say that I don't think that an author who might be considered "an avowed Neo-nazi" means an article is inherently notable or non-notable. However I don't know enough about this area to know whether this book is notable or not. Seaweed (talk) 13:58, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * The issue, as I see it, seems to be that the creation of this page was made to promote such beliefs. jps (talk) 14:15, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Keep (and entirely rewrite) per WP:NBOOK. Reviewed in Twin Research and Human Genetics ; substantively discussed—by controversial psychologist J. Philippe Rushton, who taught at the University of Western Ontario so cannot be dismissed as a total kook—in Nations and Nationalism (article notes that Salter commented on a draft, but as the journal is peer-reviewed I'm not sure that's relevant) ; critiqued by Kenan Malik in . Article's a mess, but the subject is notable. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 16:00, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Neutral, leaning delete. Having been schooled in my credulousness by ජපස and XOR'easter (which I very much appreciate, btw!), I'm now quite undecided. As it now stands, the article features two pieces of critical commentary from apparently legit sources—Kenan Malik and Catherine Nash. Most charitably interpreted, that passes WP:NBOOK. Less charitably interpreted, it doesn't: the mention in Nash's book is only in a footnote, although it's a long footnote. In addition, the book has received some attention from fringe scholars and outright Nazis. That does not confer notability, but I don't think it's outright irrelevant. The Bell Curve, for instance, is also a widely discredited book that (I assume) has received lots of favorable attention from fringies and white supremacists—and, imv, is almost certainly notable. So I'm not sure quite what to think, but I'm trending delete now. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 21:32, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * As a side note, I'm not quite sure this is a WP:FRINGE book or one to which NONAZI applies. It was originally published by Transaction Publishers and then republished by Routledge, a reputable academic publisher (ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>146). Might be a controversialist work—as are many in evolutionary psychology—but I am not convinced it's a white supremacist book. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 16:29, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Have you seen what the University of Western Ontario says about Rushton? They seem like they'd be pretty happy with our dismissing him.... XOR'easter (talk) 18:24, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Just struck that per your note. Not striking my vote, though—I think the refs I've added establish notability. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 18:44, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Glad you think Rushton may not be on the up-and-up. Perhaps you'd like to consider whether the review by the late Hiram Caton deserves consideration from Wikipedia considering his extreme WP:FRINGE viewpoint? jps (talk) 21:22, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete Leaving aside the issues of WP:DENY and WP:NOFASH, a more fundamental problem is that the references are all either unverifiable or are self-published. No significant coverage, even within the academic sphere, appears to exist.  This looks like an academic's attempt to popularize their work which had little, if any, traction. Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 17:15, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete The notability case is dubious at best (for an analogy: Michael Behe works at a university, but if he wrote a glowing review of a creationist book, it would still be support from within the creationist bubble). Even if there were an argument for notability, WP:TNT would apply. XOR'easter (talk) 18:19, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete per WP:FRINGE, WP:SOAP, WP:SIGCOV, and WP:NOT. We are not a web host for every fringe theory and book that hasn't garnered any real attention outside of the insiders. FWIW, I teach middle school genetics and have never heard of this book. Bearian (talk) 23:58, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable, fringe per Bearian PainProf (talk) 03:28, 22 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete. The book did receive a couple of reviews (negative), but it does not make it notable. My very best wishes (talk) 04:12, 22 August 2020 (UTC)


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Hillsborough District Brigade

The Hillsborough District Brigade of militia was an administrative division of the North Carolina militia established on May 4, 1776. Brigadier General Thomas Person was the first commander. Companies from the eight regiments of the brigade were engaged in 55 known battles and skirmishes in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia during the American Revolutionary War. It was active until the end of the war.

Background
In 1766, the Province of North Carolina House of Burgess, at the direction of Province of North Carolina Governor William Tryon, divided the state into six judicial districts. The districts did not do away with the county divisions of the state, which continued.

Within the Hillsborough District in 1775 were the counties of Caswell, Chatham, Granville, Orange, Randolph (added in 1779), and Wake.

At the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, the newly formed North Carolina government converted the state's six existing judicial districts into military districts. These districts each comprised a number of counties surrounding a significant town. The six districts, which corresponded with old judicial organizations, were: Edenton, New Bern, Wilmington, Halifax, Salisbury, and Hillsborough. Each district was to supply a brigade of militia regiments under the command of a brigadier general.

After the Third North Carolina Provincial Congress held at Hillsborough (August 20 – September 10, 1775), the districts became known as "military" vice "judicial" districts. These districts were used to organize the North Carolina Minutemen battalions for a six-month trial as state troops, beginning on September 1, 1775. By April 10, 1776, the Provincial Congress decided in favor of district brigades of militia with county militia regiments. Each brigade was led by a brigadier general. The county militia regiments were subordinated to the brigade. At that time, two additional districts were added, further dividing the western part of the state (Washington District Regiment in 1776 and Morgan District in 1784). Also, district representatives were chosen and sent to the North Carolina Provincial Congress. These representatives were instrumental in the passage of the Halifax Resolves, in April 1776, during the Fourth Provincial Congress, which is now often referred to as the "Halifax Congress".

Brigade history
The Hillsborough District Brigade was established on May 4, 1776.

As the militia had a poor reputation for turning out, bounties to induce volunteerism were common during the war. For men who chose not to serve when drafted, there were two options: pay for a substitute to take their place or pay a fine. These options, with some modifications, remained throughout the war.

Brigadier General Thomas Person was appointed the first commander of the Hillsborough District Brigade in 1776. During the 1781 Battle of Guilford Court House, the Hillsborough District was commanded by John Butler.

Each county supplied a regiment (Orange County supplied two regiments), which in turn was composed of various companies. Each company consisted of no less than 50 men and was further divided into five "divisions." One of the five divisions was reserved for "the more aged and infirm men." The other four divisions, of each company, drew lots to determine the rotation they would follow for their tour of service, which usually lasted for three months. Eventually the "fifth division" of "aged and infirm men" was dropped, as was the maximum age limit from 60 to 50. In order to provide a greater pool of available manpower, the old colonial militia exemption list was revised.

Commanders of the Hillsborough District Brigade and their length of service are as follows:
 * Brigadier General Thomas Person (1776-1777)
 * Brigadier General John Butler (1777-1783)
 * Brigadier General Ambrose Ramsey (Pro Tempore) (March 15, 1781)

Regiments
The following table shows the regiments of the Hillsborough District Brigade. In 1778, there was a state level militia organization above the brigade. Each regiment was made up of companies of up to 50 men.

Caswell County Regiment
The Caswell County Regiment started out as the Northern Orange County Regiment when the original Orange County Regiment was split into two separate and distinct regiments. The commandant was Colonel James Saunders. Under this name the regiment did not serve in any engagements.

On May 9, 1777, the Northern Orange County Regiment was renamed the Caswell County Regiment. Colonel James Saunders continued as the commandant of the Caswell County Regiment.
 * Colonel James Saunders (1775-1776, Hillsborough District Minutemen), (1776-1777, Northern Orange County Regiment), (1777-1783, Caswell County Regiment)
 * Colonel William Moore (1775-1776, major in the Orange County Regiment), (1776-1777, Lt Col in the Northern Orange County Regiment), (1777-1782, 2nd Colonel in the Caswell County Regiment)
 * Colonel George Oldham (1776, private in the Northern Orange County Regiment), (1776, ensign in the Northern Orange County Regiment), (1779-1780, lieutenant in the Caswell County Regiment), (1780-1781, captain in the Caswell County Regiment (1781-1783, major in the Caswell County Regiment), (1783, 2nd colonel in the Caswell County Regiment)

Chatham County Regiment
The Chatham County Regiment was a unit of the North Carolina militia that served during the American Revolution. The North Carolina General Assembly authorized the Chatham County Regiment on September 9, 1775, along with 34 other county regiments. The officers were appointed and commissioned by the Governor of North Carolina. The regiment was subordinated to the Hillsboro District Brigade of North Carolina militia on May 4, 1776. The regiment was disbanded at the end of the war.

The colonels of the Chatham County Regiment were:
 * Colonel Ambrose Ramsey (commander 17751783) (also served as Brigadier Pro Tempore of the Salisbury District Brigade on March 15, 1781)
 * Colonel John Luttrell (1781), 2nd Colonel
 * Colonel Jeduthan Harper (17811783), 2nd Colonel

Granville County Regiment
The Granville County Regiment was one of the 35 existing county militias to be authorized as a regiment of the North Carolina militia by the North Carolina Provincial Congress on September 9, 1775. It was active until the end of the war. The colonels included: The North Carolina Council of State authorized Col Taylor to create the Mounted Volunteers Regiment of Cavalry in August 1780. They were assigned to keep the Loyalists from rising up around Chatham and Randolph counties. They were sent to the Salisbury District in September of 1780 to join up with the North Carolina State Cavalry-Western District in September 1780 in anticipation of contact with General Cornwallis. They were engaged with the Battle of Charlotte on September 26, 1780 and the skirmish as Polk's Mill on October 9, 1780. The unit was short lived and was disbanded in December of 1780.
 * Colonel Joseph Taylor (1775-1783, commandant)
 * Colonel Robert Harris (1776-1778)
 * Colonel Samuel Smith (1778-1779)
 * Colonel John Dickerson (1780, commandant)
 * Colonel Philip Taylor (1780-1781), (1780, commander of the Mounted Volunteers)
 * Colonel Charles Rust Eaton (1781-1783)

Randolph County Regiment
The Randolph County Regiment was created when Randolph County was created by the North Carolina General Assembly on February 2, 1779 from the southern third of Guilford County. The officers were appointed and commissioned by the Governor. The regiment was active until the end of the war in 1783. Colonels of the regiment included:
 * Colonel Andrew Balfour (1779-1782, commandant) He was murdered at his home by the Loyalist officer, Colonel David Fanning.
 * Colonel John Collier (1779-1782)
 * Colonel Edward Sharpe (1782-1783)
 * Colonel James Dougan (1782-1783)
 * Colonel Thomas Dougan (1783)

Wake County Regiment
The Wake County Regiment was one of the 35 existing county militias to be authorized as a regiment of the North Carolina militia by the North Carolina Provincial Congress on September 9, 1775. It was active until the end of the war. The colonels included:
 * Colonel John Hinton, Sr. (1775-1778)
 * Colonel Michael Rogers (1778-1783)
 * Colonel John Hinton, Jr. (1778-1783)
 * Colonel James Hinton (1780)

Engagements
Militia from the Hillsborough District participated in nearly all of the important southern campaigns and engagements. Orange County militia were particularly involved in engagements including Stono Creek, Charleston, Camden, Cowpens, Cowan's Ford, Clapp's Mill, Guilford Court House, and Lindley's Mill. Regiments of the Hillsborough District Brigade were involved in 55 known engagements (battles, sieges, and skirmishes), including one in Georgia, 11 in South Carolina, 36 in North Carolina. One or more companies of these regiments were involved in each engagement.

title: Hillsborough District Brigade


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Danny Oliveira

The result was Delete. --MelanieN (talk) 04:49, 16 February 2015 (UTC)

Danny Oliveira

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Promotion for a non-notable professional. damiens.rf 18:00, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete No sources to document his notability or build an article. Does not meet WP:ENT, WP:CREATIVE or WP:GNG. JBH (talk) 18:19, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Bands and musicians-related deletion discussions. Rahat (Talk * Contributions) 18:10, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Brazil-related deletion discussions. Rahat (Talk * Contributions) 18:10, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Music-related deletion discussions. Rahat (Talk * Contributions) 18:10, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Strong delete, has been unsourced and/or promotional since its inception in April 2008, seven years ago. s-e-v-e-n-y-e-a-r-s. Now it's just a mere descriptive sentence. To make things worse, it was created by a potential WP:SPA, WP:COI account. Victão Lopes  Fala! 18:49, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete does not pass notability for musicians.John Pack Lambert (talk) 20:07, 13 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Dee Snider

Untitled
Vandalism removed from talk page.  Rmaus  03:24, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

Half Brother
Where did the information that Dee Snider is half brother to Diamond Dallas Page? I personally have never heard it and I cannot find any reputable proof of this. It is recommended that this "fact" is removed until it is proven either by Snider himself or by another reputable source. While the note about he and Mick Foley being good friends can be sourced from Foley's books (I'm sure it's in Foley Is Good, and maybe in the Hardcore Diaries), the relation between Page and Snider was never mentioned in any of his three books and so can probably be deleted.

I agree it can probably be deleted. He probably is friends with other celebrities as well. Whats the point of mentioning Mick Foley? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:25, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

Dee Snider is not dead.
Unless it was a different Dee Snider I heard on the radio this morning. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:59, 9 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm watching him live on That Metal Show right now, so he still isn't dead. He also doesn't raise dogs, which has apparently been claimed on this page in the past. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:41, 17 March 2014 (UTC)

21 jumpstreet
If i remember correctly wasn't Dee Snider on an episode of 21 jumpstreet?

(LOL) Next, someone's going to try to convince us Johnny Depp, and one of DOm DeLuise's kids were on 21 Jumpstreet! <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:27, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

Alleged Bankruptcy
In a recent 2012 newpaper interview, Snider claimed he was flat broke in 1992, riding a bicyle to work at a business owned by his brother. This should be investigated, and then added to the article if it is true. Although Snider has a nice house, and a motocycle hobby, and I guess he is still in-demand for concert venues. Its rare for people to go from flat broke, to a comfortable standard of living that he currently enjoys. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:11, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

wig?
Dee doesn't wear and wig. Never has. Thats his real hair. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:58, 12 May 2010 (UTC)
 * He is seen putting on a wig in a VH1 documentary. He isn't bald, but often uses a long hair wig on stage. CannotFindAName (talk) 17:35, 12 January 2013 (UTC)

Black Sabbath cover band before Black Sabbath?
The claim that Dee Snider was in a Black Sabbath cover band in 8th grade could not possibly be true, since Snider was in 8th grade in 1968 and 1969 and Black Sabbath's first album was released in 1970 and wouldn't have garnered enough popularity to inspire cover bands for several years thereafter. CannotFindAName (talk) 17:13, 12 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Perhaps he flunked a few years? FunkMonk (talk) 17:16, 12 January 2013 (UTC)
 * There is no evidence he flunked a few years, but realistically he'd have to have been in 8th grade when he was about 20 to be in a Black Sabbath cover band. He was 15 when Sabbath's first album came out. The claim is simply not credible. CannotFindAName (talk) 17:34, 12 January 2013 (UTC)

Dee Snider condemns anti-maskers for using his songs out of context in a 2020 statement
https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/09/17/target-maskless-shoppers-twisted-sister-dee-snider-face-coverings/3485442001/

https://apnews.com/e812ac1deb7e8ed5b652398b1e940e31

Dee Snider viewed the stunt as Moronic in a 2020 statement.2601:640:C600:3C20:F1BF:9611:E7D8:D046 (talk) 15:04, 18 September 2020 (UTC)

Grandfather Ukrainian or Ukrainian Jew?
Are you sure that when he called his grandfather a Ukrainian, he meant exactly Ukrainian roots, and not Jewish-Ukrainian? It was already known that his father was Jewish, so it could simply mean "my grandfather is a Ukrainian Jew." As someone of Eastern European Jewish heritage myself, I can attest that we often use "I am Belarusian/Russian/Ukrainian" in this sense. Not to mention that the phrase "my grandfather was Ukrainian before the USSR" most likely simply implies that he lived in Western Ukraine before it joined the Soviets. Solaire the knight (talk) 10:38, 5 June 2022 (UTC)

Unexplained reverts of RS supported text
An editor made unexplained reverts. Of RS supported text. Perhaps the editor wishes to explain their thinking, before they are reverted for doing so. And perhaps they can leave explanatory edit summaries - as suggested - especially when reverting. That would seem to be a good practice, in keeping with the design of the project. See here https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dee_Snider&diff=prev&oldid=1186116887

The editor also made this deletion, with an edit summary. But I can't understand why the editor is of the believe that the MOS pointed to supports the deletion. Perhaps the editor can explain. See here https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dee_Snider&diff=prev&oldid=1186116977 Pinging User:FMSky, who seems to be (at least one of?) the editors reverted on this point, for reasons I cannot divine. And User:Tony1, who has also edited this article for MOS compliance, and seems expert on the general issue of MOS.

2603:7000:2101:AA00:516B:14A:BA7C:ACAA (talk) 01:10, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dee Snider


text:
User:Infojojo

Community Librarian in Winter Park, Florida. Interested in hosting an edit-a-thon at our library for the local community.

Conflict of Interest Statement

I, Infojojo, work at the Winter Park Public Library, a non-profit library dedicated to serving the information needs of the Winter Park, Florida community. ''I always strive to strictly abide by Wikipedia's accepted practices on conflicts of interest, neutrality, and notability. I do, from time to time, insert links or create articles based on library resources. I will modify my editing behavior based on problems cited by other editors or if my editing conflicts with other Wikipedia guidelines. I ask that other editors do not hesitate to contact me, via my user talk page, if I appear to be going against this declaration.''

title: User:Infojojo


text:
Portal:Poetry/Collaborators

Feel free to add your name and contribute This portal is maintained by:
 * AdamBiswanger1
 * Stumps
 * Sam

title: Portal:Poetry/Collaborators


text:
List of protected heritage sites in Court-Saint-Étienne

This table shows an overview of the protected heritage sites in the Walloon town Court-Saint-Étienne. This list is part of Belgium's national heritage.

 * }