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Talk:John de Moels, 1st Baron Moels

page name
He is John de Moels (or de Moeles) in just about every source I see. WP:CONCISE does not override usage. (And BRD applies - get a consensus before moving it again.) Agricolae (talk) 20:29, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:John de Moels, 1st Baron Moels


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Churchville station

Churchville station is a former train station in Churchville, Pennsylvania. Still owned by SEPTA and located on Knowles Avenue and Bustleton Pike, it is now a leased private residence.

The station was built in 1892, and served as a stop on the Reading Railroad's Newtown Line. It replaced another structure built in 1878. It was later taken over by SEPTA and served as a stop on the Fox Chase/Newtown Line.

History
The station, built in 1892, was a stop on the Reading Railroad's Newtown Line, and a replacement for another structure built in 1878. It was later taken over by SEPTA and served as a stop on the Fox Chase/Newtown Line.

Churchville station, and all of those north of Fox Chase station, was closed on January 18, 1983 due to failing diesel train equipment resulting in low ridership.

In addition, a labor dispute began within the SEPTA organization when the transit operator inherited 1,700 displaced employees from Conrail. SEPTA insisted on utilizing transit operators from the Broad Street Subway to operate Fox Chase-Newtown diesel trains, while Conrail requested that railroad engineers run the service. When a federal court ruled that SEPTA had to use Conrail employees in order to offer job assurance, SEPTA cancelled Fox Chase-Newtown trains. Service in the diesel-only territory north of Fox Chase was cancelled at that time, and Churchville station still appears in publicly posted tariffs.

Although rail service was initially replaced with a Fox Chase-Newtown shuttle bus, patronage remained light, and the Fox Chase-Newtown shuttle bus service ended in 1999.

Station building
Churchville station has been restored and is now used as a private residence. SEPTA signage—installed in 1984, one year after train service had ended—remains in place at the station parking lot. The station is a contributing property of the Churchville Historic District, which has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since July 21, 1995.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Churchville station


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Talk:The New Forest Rustlers

Title should be in Italics because it is the name of a book, play, film etc
Title should be in Italics because it is the name of a book, play, film etc.

Should be The New Forest Rustlers.
 * Done. Philafrenzy (talk) 11:15, 24 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:The New Forest Rustlers


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User:Ninieasad/sandbox

Current Tasks

Questions about socialization practices and institutions remain central in childhood research. But, they are being dealt with in a new, more sociological way. To analyze socialization processes means, therefore, to reconstruct the historically and culturally varying conceptions, processes and institutions of disciplining and civilization of the offspring. In addition, the strategies of habitus formation and the practices of status (re-)production are considered. The sociology of social inequality and the sociology of the family and private life are, therefore, important fields for childhood sociologists. Children's own action, their resistance, cooperation, and collective action among peers has to be taken into account. Meanwhile, widespread anthropological assumptions concerning a universal human nature, based on a view of individual and society as opposed to each other, should be omitted from the conceptual repertoire of sociological childhood research. They are the legacy of the older socialization approach and they legitimate some forms of childhood and education practices as indispensable and even as a "natural" requirement of society, while devaluing others. In this way they generally legitimate western middle class childhood and mask inequality and the interests of social order.

Effects of Technology on Parenting
In the past few decades, technology has drastically advanced, and with it, so has its effect on society. Dr. Schoppe-Sullivan studied the effects technology, particularly social media, had on parents and the way they raise their children. She studied approximately 2oo dual-income families who had their first child between 2008 and 2009, observing how social media pressured them in their roles as parents. What she found was an increased level in confidence from the fathers and the opposite effect in mothers; fathers felt more confident after viewing other parents on social media, while mothers were worried after viewing posts depicting ideal or perfect family photos or concerned with the comments they would receive on their posts from others criticizing their parenting. This led directly into increased levels of stress and lower confidence, which affected the children's reactions to their parents, altering the behavior of the children.

Chosen or fictive kin
Others who are not related by blood or marriage, but have a significant emotional relationship, are variously called fictive kin, chosen kin, or voluntary kin. For example, a close family friend that one would refer to as an aunt or uncle, but shares no genetic or marital relationship.

Cohabitation
A residence containing an unmarried couple is called cohabitation. This type of family style is becoming increasingly accepted in Canada and has increased from 8% in 1981 to 16.4% in 2001. In the last few decades, living with your significant other has become normalized in society. Cohabitation has drastically increased in the United States within the last 50 years, increasing by nearly 900 percent. Data from a 2012 Census showed that 7.8 million couples are living together without first getting married, compared to 2.9 million in 1996. And two-thirds of couples married in 2012 shared a home together for more than two years before their marriage.

title: User:Ninieasad/sandbox


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Category:Page creation templates

See Naming conventions for details. You may also take Wiki 101 to learn more about editing Wikiversity.

Note. Please do not transclude these templates. They are to be substituted. If you are not familiar with the syntax, you may simply copy-and-paste the contents on a new page.

title: Category:Page creation templates


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Seize

Seize or seise may refer to:
 * Seisin, legal possession of property
 * Seizing, a class of knots used to semi-permanently bind together two ropes
 * Seize (band), a British electronic band
 * The jamming of machine parts against each other, usually due to insufficient lubrication
 * Seize, a fictional town the anime TV series Sound of the Sky

title: Seize


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Stefan Maechler

Stefan Maechler (born 30 May 1957) is a Swiss historian and expert on antisemitism and Switzerland's treatment of Holocaust refugees during and after World War II.

Education
Mächler was born on 30 May 1957 in Baden, Switzerland. He studied history and German literature at the University of Zurich.

Wilkomirski affair
He was commissioned by the Schocken Books specializing in judaica to conduct a full-scale investigation into the life of writer Binjamin Wilkomirski whose memoir Fragments, published by Schocken in 1996, sparked international controversy. Maechler studied hundreds of personal documents, and has interviewed eyewitnesses and families of survivors in seven countries. He was given unrestricted access to government files, and subsequently, discovered facts that completely refuted Wilkomirski's bestselling book as a forgery. Maechler published his findings in a book called The Wilkomirski Affair: A Study in Biographical Truth by Schocken Books, New York, in 2001 (496 pp.); originally in the German language as Der Fall Wilkomirski: über die Wahrheit einer Biographie by Pendo Verlag AG, Zurich, 2000.

Personal life
Maechler lives and works in Zürich.

title: Stefan Maechler


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Generic Conventions

Generic Conventions are the features shown by texts that allow them to be put into a specific genre. For example almost all Westerns use the Iconography of cowboy hats, six shooters, horses and spurs to place them in their genre. Similarly Situation Comedies will often have canned laughter, a few specific and long-running characters and locations and will have several catch-phrases.

Generic conventions includes such things as different conventions, words, people, and objects. Generic conventions are very useful to producers and audiences alike. Producers can attract a specific target audience by making it very explicit what genre the text falls into. Audiences can easily identify a genre of text and choose to consume it or not.

Generic conventions also determine what category the text is i.e. print and non-print and because of this people can either hear the Genre and/or read the Genre

title: Generic Conventions


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File:Jimbo Bieber Protest.jpg

Summary
This file is adapted from the referenced file as a remix work, allowed by CC-BY-SA 3.0
 * Other information:

title: File:Jimbo Bieber Protest.jpg


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Arignar Anna College

Arignar Anna College, is a general degree college located in Aralvaymoli, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu. It was established in the year 1970. The college is affiliated with Manonmaniam Sundaranar University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

Science

 * Physics
 * Chemistry
 * Mathematics
 * Botany
 * Zoology
 * Computer Application

Arts and Commerce

 * Tamil
 * English
 * Economics
 * Commerce

Accreditation
The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).

title: Arignar Anna College


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User:Deltinu

Hello! I am a fairly recent addition to the Wikiversity community.

If you have any questions about Math (or Physics), please ask me on my talk page. I'll try to answer them to the best of my ability!

A little bit about me
Technically I am a "high-school student". However, I am homeschooled, and I have been taking classes at a community college. There, I have taken:

 * Mathematics
 * MATH M25B, M25C
 * The second and third semesters of a typical three semester college Calculus sequence.
 * MATH M22A
 * The generic course name for an "Independent Studies in Mathematics" class. In my particular independent study class, we got up to about Chapter 3 in "Fourier Analysis: An Introduction" by Stein and Shakarchi. This was the best math class I've taken at the college, despite (or perhaps because of) the difficulty of the concepts discussed.
 * Physics
 * PHYS M20A/AL, M20B/BL
 * The first and second semesters of a typical (maybe?) three semester college Physics (with Calculus) sequences. It almost goes without saying, but I took the lab sections for each course.
 * First semester: Mechanics
 * Second semester: Thermodynamics and Electromagnetism
 * Chemistry
 * CHEM M12
 * An introductory chemistry course. This class covered what I believe to be equivalent material to two semesters of "High-school" chemistry.
 * Computer Science
 * CS M01
 * An introductory Computer Science course.
 * CS M10A
 * The first semester of a two semester C++ programming sequence. Covers the mainly structured programming side of C++.
 * ...in addition to other miscellaneous courses

My Favorite "Things" in Mathematics

 * Euler's Identity:
 * $$e^{i\pi}+1=0$$

 * The fact that the fourier series for $$ f(x) = |x| $$ can be used to find the value of  $$\zeta (2) = \sum_{n = 1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^2} $$   Why? It's so non-obvious and unexpected (at least it appears that way to me).

title: User:Deltinu


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Harriet Pitt

Harriet Pitt (12 October 1748 – 10 December 1814) was a British actress and dancer. She was often credited as Mrs Davenett later in her career.

Life
Pitt was born to Ann Pitt who was an actress. In 1758 she was appearing doing recitations. The theatrical career did not involve major parts but she did appear at the Drury Lane Theatre and the Covent Garden Theatre.

Her first child was George Cecil Pitt (baptised 1767 – 1820), fathered by George Anderson. George Cecil Pitt became a musician and was the father of the dramatist George Dibdin Pitt, who as a young man took Dibdin as his middle name in honour of his uncles, Harriet's later sons.

She established a relationship with Charles Dibdin who already had a family and together they had four children. The eldest was the songwriter Charles Isaac Mungo Dibdin who was born in 1768. The next, a daughter, Harriott, was born in 1770 and died in infancy. Another son and songwriter was Thomas John Dibdin who was born in 1771. A second daughter, known also as Harriet Pitt (1772-1836) became an actress at Saddler's Wells.

Harriet gave birth to Charles in Russell Court, Covent Garden, he was named after his father's librettist Isaac Bickerstaffe and their character Mungo in an afterpiece entitled The Padlock. Charles Dibdin made his theatrical debut opposite his younger brother Thomas John Dibdin in David Garrick's The Jubilee in 1775. Soon after this performance, his parents separated, and Charles changed his surname to Pitt. David Garrick was Thomas's godfather and he looked after the family when the elder Charles Dibdin abandoned this family too. Harriet entrusted the upbringing of her children to her uncle, Cecil Pitt, and he sent both boys away to a boarding school at Barnard Castle. The school kept them there even during the holidays and Thomas did not return for five years.

Harriet appeared at the Drury Lane Theatre in the 1770s as she started to use the name "Mrs Davenett". Still using this new name she obtained regular work at the Covent Garden during most of the 1780s and until 1793.

Pitt retired in 1793 and she was buried, with her mother, in 1814.

title: Harriet Pitt


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File:Luke the Dog, 1913-1926.jpg

Summary
Public Domain. Another copy of this pre-1923 American comedy short, including this featured screenshot, can be viewed at the Internet Archive: https://archive.org/details/TheScarecrow1920
 * Other information:

title: File:Luke the Dog, 1913-1926.jpg


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User:Alettaka

I am a biologist, specialized in molecular plant virology. Originally from the Netherlands, I have been living in Basel, Switzerland since 1996. I did my PhD and a postdoc here, after which I stayed home looking after our daughters, and build a business as a health coach. In 2022 I started a reorientation into medical informatics.

title: User:Alettaka


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Latin stream/Declensions

In Latin, not only is word order used to indicate what role a noun plays in a sentence or clause, but also what is called a declension and case. A case tells the speaker or reader what the noun does or is doing, and the declension of the noun decides how the case will look. In Latin, there are five declensions, and seven cases to use. This lesson will (hopefully someday) show all of them.

Grammatical Cases and Declensions
Many languages use different cases to show the relation of the word in a sentence. In Latin, the nouns, adjective and pronouns change their form depending on how they are used in a sentence. This form change is called a case. Although Old English also had this feature, it has mostly been lost during the transition into Modern English. However, a few English pronouns still exhibit this feature (i.e., "I"↔"My"↔"Mine"↔"Me" are all first-person singular pronouns).

A lot of languages change the ending of a word based on what case it is in. Latin, German, Russian, Finnish, Hungarian, and Greek are good examples of this. The word's meaning changes as its ending is modified to conform with its case's ending. For example, puella means ‘girl’, while puellae means “girls”, "girl's" or “of the girl”. Sometimes in Latin, endings of different cases coincide, forcing one to interpret the meaning based on the context of the word.

There are seven cases that are used in the Latin language: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative, Vocative, and Locative. The last two, Vocative and Locative, are relatively rare compared to the other five, and the Locative case is actually only used with a few select words. The case is the most important part of the noun (besides its actual meaning). Cases define exactly how the noun is used in the sentence. Here are the cases and their uses:

Several languages, such as Latin, encorporate declensions into their grammar. Latin has five of them, all of which will need to be learned in order to become proficient in the language. Fortunately, the last two declensions aren't very common, and you will probably not need to know them for everyday use. Declensions will be covered in detail in the following sections.

title: Latin stream/Declensions


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гласъ

Alternative forms

 * Glagolitic:

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) voice
 * 2) sound
 * 3) word

Etymology
Borrowed from. .

Noun

 * 1) voice
 * 2) sound

title: гласъ


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Audiotricz

Audiotricz are a duo from Nunspeet, Netherlands, consisting of Kenneth Kroes (20/01/1990) and Leon Benschop (27/12/1990) who perform and produce music together within the Hardstyle genre.

History
Leon and Kenneth have known each other since they were young children as they grew up as friends and began producing Hardstyle together in 2013. Both Leon and Kenneth had a background in sound design in other genres prior to becoming a duo and producing hardstyle.

On 28 June 2013, Audiotricz signed to Dutch hardstyle record label Scantraxx Recordz and celebrated with their first release "We Are Audiotricz EP" which featured three tracks: "Dance No More" with Atmozfears, "Don't Hold Back" and "Dreamliner". Since their first release, they have grown quickly within the Hardstyle scene and have gained support from highly recognized artists within Hardstyle such as TNT (Technoboy and Tuneboy), The Prophet and Noisecontrollers, who invited Audiotricz as a supporting act on his 2015 All Around Australian Tour.

Since the conception of Audiotricz, they have gained spots at hardstyle events such as Defqon.1, Qlimax, Hard Bass, XXlerator Outdoor, Mysteryland Chile and represented Scantraxx Recordz at the Hard Dance Event Live in the Heineken Music Hall during Amsterdam Dance Event.

title: Audiotricz


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Exploration of the Moon

The physical exploration of the Moon began when Luna 2, a space probe launched by the Soviet Union, made a deliberate impact on the surface of the Moon on September 14, 1959. Prior to that the only available means of lunar exploration had been observations from Earth. The invention of the optical telescope brought about the first leap in the quality of lunar observations. Galileo Galilei is generally credited as the first person to use a telescope for astronomical purposes, having made his own telescope in 1609, the mountains and craters on the lunar surface were among his first observations using it.

Human exploration of the moon since Luna 2 has consisted of both crewed and uncrewed missions. NASA's Apollo program has been the only program to successfully land humans on the Moon, which it did six times on the near side in the 20th century. The first human landing took place in 1969, when the Apollo 11 astronauts Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong touched down on the lunar surface, leaving scientific instruments upon the mission's completion and returning lunar samples to Earth. All missions had taken place on the lunar near side until the first soft landing on the far side of the Moon was made by the CNSA robotic spacecraft Chang'e 4 in early 2019, which successfully deployed the Yutu-2 robotic lunar rover. On 25 June 2024, China's Chang'e 6 conducted the first lunar sample return from the far side of the Moon.

The current goals of lunar exploration across all major space agencies now primarily focus on the continued survey of the lunar surface through various lunar missions in preparation for the eventual establishment of non-temporary human outposts.

Before spaceflight
The ancient Greek philosopher Anaxagoras, whose non-religious view of the heavens was one cause for his imprisonment and eventual exile, reasoned that the Sun and Moon were both giant spherical rocks, and that the latter reflected the light of the former. Plutarch, in his book On the Face in the Moon's Orb, suggested that the Moon had deep recesses in which the light of the Sun did not reach and that the spots are nothing but the shadows of rivers or deep chasms. He also entertained the possibility that the Moon was inhabited. Aristarchus attempted to compute the Moon's size and distance from Earth, although his estimated distance of 20 times Earth's radius (which had been accurately determined by his contemporary Eratosthenes) proved to be about a third the actual average distance.

Chinese philosophers of the Han Dynasty believed the Moon to be energy equated to qi but recognized that the light of the Moon was a reflection of the Sun. Mathematician and astrologer Jing Fang noted the sphericity of the Moon. Shen Kuo of the Song Dynasty created an allegory equating the waxing and waning of the Moon to a round ball of reflective silver that, when doused with white powder and viewed from the side, would appear to be a crescent.

Indian astronomer Aryabhata stated in his fifth-century text Aryabhatiya that reflected sunlight is what causes the Moon to shine.

Persian astronomer Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi conducted various observations at the Al-Shammisiyyah observatory in Baghdad between 825 and 835. Using these observations, he estimated the Moon's diameter as 3,037 km (equivalent to 1,519 km radius) and its distance from the Earth as 215209 mi. In the 11th century, the Islamic physicist Alhazen investigated moonlight through a number of experiments and observations, concluding it was a combination of the Moon's own light and the Moon's ability to absorb and emit sunlight.

By the Middle Ages, before the invention of the telescope, an increasing number of people began to recognise the Moon as a sphere, though many believed that it was "perfectly smooth". In 1609, Galileo Galilei drew one of the first telescopic drawings of the Moon in his book Sidereus Nuncius and noted that it was not smooth but had mountains and craters. Later in the 17th century, Giovanni Battista Riccioli and Francesco Maria Grimaldi drew a map of the Moon and gave many craters the names they still have today. On maps, the dark parts of the Moon's surface were called maria (singular mare) or seas, and the light parts were called terrae or continents.

Thomas Harriot, as well as Galilei, drew the first telescopic representation of the Moon and observed it for several years. His drawings, however, remained unpublished. The first map of the Moon was made by the Belgian cosmographer and astronomer Michael van Langren in 1645. Two years later a much more influential effort was published by Johannes Hevelius. In 1647, Hevelius published Selenographia, the first treatise entirely devoted to the Moon. Hevelius's nomenclature, although used in Protestant countries until the eighteenth century, was replaced by the system published in 1651 by the Jesuit astronomer Giovanni Battista Riccioli, who gave the large naked-eye spots the names of seas and the telescopic spots (now called craters) the name of philosophers and astronomers.

In 1753, the Croatian Jesuit and astronomer Roger Joseph Boscovich discovered the absence of atmosphere on the Moon. In 1824, Franz von Paula Gruithuisen explained the formation of craters as a result of meteorite strikes.

The now disproven possibility that the Moon contains vegetation and is inhabited by selenites was seriously considered by major astronomers of the early modern period even into the first decades of the 19th century. In 1834–1836, Wilhelm Beer and Johann Heinrich Mädler published their four-volume Mappa Selenographica and the book Der Mond in 1837, which firmly established the conclusion that the Moon has no bodies of water nor any appreciable atmosphere.

Space Race
The Cold War-inspired "space race" and "Moon race" between the Soviet Union and the United States of America accelerated with a focus on the Moon. This included many scientifically important firsts, such as the first photographs of the then-unseen far side of the Moon in 1959 by the Soviet Union, and culminated with the landing of the first humans on the Moon in 1969, widely seen around the world as one of the pivotal events of the 20th century and of human history in general.

The first artificial object to fly by the Moon was uncrewed Soviet probe Luna 1 on January 4, 1959, and went on to be the first probe to reach a heliocentric orbit around the Sun. Few knew that Luna 1 was designed to impact the surface of the Moon.

The first probe to impact the surface of the Moon was the Soviet probe Luna 2, which made a hard landing on September 14, 1959, at 21:02:24 UTC. The far side of the Moon was first photographed on October 7, 1959, by the Soviet probe Luna 3. Though vague by today's standards, the photos showed that the far side of the Moon almost completely lacked maria.

The first American probe to fly by the Moon was Pioneer 4 on March 4, 1959, which occurred shortly after Luna 1. It was the only success of eight American probes that first attempted to launch for the Moon.

In an effort to compete with these Soviet successes, U.S. President John F. Kennedy proposed the Moon landing in a Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs: Now it is time to take longer strides – time for a great new American enterprise – time for this nation to take a clearly leading role in space achievement, which in many ways may hold the key to our future on Earth. ...For while we cannot guarantee that we shall one day be first, we can guarantee that any failure to make this effort will make us last.

...I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important in the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish.

...let it be clear that I am asking the Congress and the country to accept a firm commitment to a new course of action—a course which will last for many years and carry very heavy costs...

Ranger 1 launched in August 1961, just three months after President Kennedy's speech. It would be three more years and six failed Ranger missions until Ranger 7 returned close up photos of the Lunar surface before impacting it in July 1964. A number of problems with launch vehicles, ground equipment, and spacecraft electronics plagued the Ranger program and early probe missions in general. These lessons helped in Mariner 2, the only successful U.S. space probe after Kennedy's famous speech to congress and before his death in November 1963. U.S. success rates improved greatly from Ranger 7 onward.

In 1966, the USSR accomplished the first soft landings and took the first pictures from the lunar surface during the Luna 9 and Luna 13 missions.

The U.S. followed Ranger with the Surveyor program sending seven robotic spacecraft to the surface of the Moon. Five of the seven spacecraft successfully soft-landed, investigating if the regolith (dust) was shallow enough for astronauts to stand on the Moon.

In September 1968 the Soviet Union's Zond 5 sent tortoises on a circumlunar mission, followed by turtles aboard Zond 6 in November. On December 24, 1968, the crew of Apollo 8—Frank Borman, James Lovell and William Anders—became the first human beings to enter lunar orbit and see the far side of the Moon in person. Humans first landed on the Moon on July 20, 1969. The first humans to walk on the lunar surface were Neil Armstrong, commander of the U.S. mission Apollo 11 and his fellow astronaut Buzz Aldrin.

The first robot lunar rover to land on the Moon was the Soviet vessel Lunokhod 1 on November 17, 1970, as part of the Lunokhod programme. To date, the last human to stand on the Moon was Eugene Cernan, who as part of the Apollo 17 mission, walked on the Moon in December 1972.

Moon rock samples were brought back to Earth by three Luna missions (Luna 16, 20, and 24) and the Apollo missions 11 through 17 (except Apollo 13, which aborted its planned lunar landing). Luna 24 in 1976 was the last Lunar mission by either the Soviet Union or the U.S. until Clementine in 1994. Focus shifted to probes to other planets, space stations, and the Shuttle program.

Before the "Moon race," the U.S. had pre-projects for scientific and military moonbases: the Lunex Project and Project Horizon. Besides crewed landings, the abandoned Soviet crewed lunar programs included the building of a multipurpose moonbase "Zvezda", the first detailed project, complete with developed mockups of expedition vehicles and surface modules.

Japan
In 1990, Japan's JAXA visited the Moon with the Hiten spacecraft, becoming the third country to place an object in orbit around the Moon. The spacecraft released the Hagoromo probe into lunar orbit, but the transmitter failed, thereby preventing further scientific use of the spacecraft. In September 2007, Japan launched the SELENE spacecraft, with the objectives "to obtain scientific data of the lunar origin and evolution and to develop the technology for the future lunar exploration", according to the JAXA official website.

In 2023, Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM) is a lunar lander mission of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). By 2017, the lander was planned to be launched in 2021, but this was delayed until 2023 due to delays in SLIM's ride-share mission, X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM). It was successfully launched on 6 September 2023 at 23:42 UTC (7 September 08:42 Japan Standard Time). On 1 October 2023, the lander executed its trans-lunar injection burn. It entered orbit around the Moon on 25 December 2023, and landed on 19 January 2024 at 15:20 UTC. As a result, Japan became the fifth country to soft land on the surface of the Moon. Since then, it has survived 4 lunar days and 3 lunar nights.

European Space Agency
The European Space Agency launched a small, low-cost lunar orbital probe called SMART 1 on September 27, 2003. SMART 1's primary goal was to take three-dimensional X-ray and infrared imagery of the lunar surface. SMART 1 entered lunar orbit on November 15, 2004, and continued to make observations until September 3, 2006, when it was intentionally crashed into the lunar surface in order to study the impact plume.

China
China has begun the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program for exploring the Moon and is investigating the prospect of lunar mining, specifically looking for the isotope helium-3 for use as an energy source on Earth. China launched the Chang'e 1 robotic lunar orbiter on October 24, 2007. Originally planned for a one-year mission, the Chang'e 1 mission was very successful and ended up being extended for another four months. On March 1, 2009, Chang'e 1 was intentionally impacted on the lunar surface completing the 16-month mission. On October 1, 2010, China launched the Chang'e 2 lunar orbiter. China landed the rover Yutu and the Chang'e 3 lander on the Moon on December 14, 2013, became the third country to have done so. Chang'e 3 is the first spacecraft to soft-land on lunar surface since Luna 24 in 1976. Since the Chang'e 3 mission was a success, the backup lander Chang'e 4 was re-purposed for the new mission goals. China launched on 7 December 2018 the Chang'e 4 mission to the lunar farside. On January 3, 2019, Chang'e 4 landed on the far side of the Moon. Chang'e 4 deployed the Yutu-2 Moon rover, which subsequently became the current record distance-holder for lunar surface travel. Among other discoveries, Yutu-2 found that the dust at some locations of the far side of the Moon is up to 12 meters deep.

China planned to conduct a sample return mission with its Chang'e 5 spacecraft in 2017, but that mission was postponed due to the failure of the Long March 5 launch vehicle. However, after a successful return of flight by the Long March 5 rocket in late December 2019, China targeted its Chang'e 5 sample return mission for late 2020. China completed this mission on December 16, 2020, with the return of approximately 2 kilograms of lunar sample.

China sent Chang'e 6 on 3 May 2024, which conducted the first lunar sample return from Apollo Basin on the far side of the Moon. This is China's second lunar sample return mission, the first was achieved by Chang'e 5 from the lunar near side four years earlier. It also carried a Chinese rover called Yidong Xiangji to conduct infrared spectroscopy of lunar surface and imaged Chang'e 6 lander on lunar surface. The lander-ascender-rover combination was separated with the orbiter and returner before landing on 1 June 2024 at 22:23 UTC. It landed on the Moon's surface on 1 June 2024. The ascender was launched back to lunar orbit on 3 June 2024 at 23:38 UTC, carrying samples collected by the lander, and later completed another robotic rendezvous and docking in lunar orbit. The sample container was then transferred to the returner, which landed on Inner Mongolia on 25 June 2024, completing China's far side extraterrestrial sample return mission.

India
India's national space agency, the Indian Space Research Organisation, launched Chandrayaan-1, an uncrewed lunar orbiter, on October 22, 2008. The lunar probe was originally intended to orbit the Moon for two years, with scientific objectives to prepare a three-dimensional atlas of the near and far side of the Moon and to conduct a chemical and mineralogical mapping of the lunar surface. The orbiter released the Moon Impact Probe which impacted the Moon at 15:04 GMT on November 14, 2008. The orbitor was able to detect a widespread presence of water molecules in the lunar soil. This mission was followed up by Chandrayaan-2, which launched on July 22, 2019, and entered lunar orbit on August 20, 2019. Chandrayaan-2 also carried India's first lander and rover, but due to a last minute technical glitch in the landing system, the spacecraft crash-landed.

Chandrayaan-2 was followed by Chandrayaan-3, the third lunar exploration mission by the Indian Space Research Organisation. It also carried the lander named Vikram and the rover named Pragyan, and achieved the country's first soft landing near the south polar region of the Moon.

United States
The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization and NASA launched the Clementine mission in 1994, and Lunar Prospector in 1998.

NASA launched the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, on June 18, 2009, which has collected imagery of the Moon's surface. It also carried the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), which investigated the possible existence of water in the crater Cabeus. GRAIL is another mission, launched in 2011.

Following the decades-long lull in lunar exploration in the aftermath of the Cold War, the main push of US lunar exploration goals has coalesced under the Artemis program, formulated in 2017.

Russia
On 10 August 2023, Russia launched the Luna 25 mission, its first mission to the Moon since 1976. On 20 August, it crashed into the Moon after a guidance error that resulted in an anomalous orbit lowering maneuver.

South Korea
South Korea launched the lunar orbiter Danuri on 4 August, 2022, and it arrived at the Moon on 16 December 2022. This is the first phase of South Korea's lunar exploration program, with plans to launch another lunar lander and probe.

Pakistan
Pakistan sent a lunar orbiter called ICUBE-Q along with Chang'e 6.

Commercial missions
In 2007, the X Prize Foundation together with Google launched the Google Lunar X Prize to encourage commercial endeavors to the Moon. A prize of $20 million was to be awarded to the first private venture to get to the Moon with a robotic lander by the end of March 2018, with additional prizes worth $10 million for further milestones. As of August 2016, 16 teams were reportedly participating in the competition. In January 2018 the foundation announced that the prize would go unclaimed as none of the finalist teams would be able to make a launch attempt by the deadline.

In August 2016, the US government granted permission to US-based start-up Moon Express to land on the Moon. This marked the first time that a private enterprise was given the right to do so. The decision is regarded as a precedent helping to define regulatory standards for deep-space commercial activity in the future. Previously, private companies were restricted to operating on or around Earth.

On 29 November 2018, NASA announced that nine commercial companies would compete to win a contract to send small payloads to the Moon in what is known as Commercial Lunar Payload Services. According to NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine, "We are building a domestic American capability to get back and forth to the surface of the moon.".

The first commercial mission to the Moon was accomplished by the Manfred Memorial Moon Mission (4M), led by LuxSpace, an affiliate of German OHB AG. The mission was launched on 23 October 2014 with the Chinese Chang'e 5-T1 test spacecraft, attached to the upper stage of a Long March 3C/G2 rocket. The 4M spacecraft made a Moon flyby on a night of October 28, 2014, after which it entered elliptical Earth orbit, exceeding its designed lifetime by four times.

The Beresheet lander operated by Israel Aerospace Industries and SpaceIL impacted the Moon on April 11, 2019, after a failed landing attempt.

Plans
Following the abandoned US Constellation program, plans for crewed flights followed by moonbases were declared by Russia, ESA, China, Japan, India, South Korea. All of them intend to continue the exploration of Moon with more uncrewed spacecraft.

India is planning and it is studying a potential collaboration with Japan to launch the Lunar Polar Exploration Mission in 2026–28.

Russia also announced plans to resume its previously frozen project Luna-Glob, an uncrewed lander and orbiter, which was slated to launch in 2021 but did not manifest. In 2015, Roscosmos stated that Russia plans to place an astronaut on the Moon by 2030, leaving Mars to NASA. The purpose is to work jointly with NASA and avoid a space race. A Russian Lunar Orbital Station has been proposed to orbit around the Moon after 2030.

In 2018, NASA released plans to return to the Moon with commercial and international partners as part of an overall agency Exploration Campaign in support of Space Policy Directive 1, giving rise to the Artemis program and the Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS). NASA plans to start with robotic missions on the lunar surface, as well as the crewed Lunar Gateway. As of 2019, NASA is issuing contracts to develop new small lunar payload delivery services, develop lunar landers, and conduct more research on the Moon's surface ahead of a human return. Artemis program involves several flights of the Orion spacecraft and lunar landings from 2022 to 2028.

On November 3, 2021, NASA announced it had picked a landing site in the lunar south polar region near the crater Shackleton for an uncrewed spacecraft that included NASA's Polar Resources Ice-Mining Experiment-1. The precise location was termed the Shackleton Connecting Ridge, which features the advantage of near-continuous solar exposure and line-of-sight with Earth for communication.

ESA's Moonlight Initiative aims to create a small network of communication and navigation satellites orbiting the Moon to support the Artemis landings. These would enable communication with Earth even when out of direct line-of-sight. They would also provide navigation signals similar to the Global Positioning System on Earth, requiring precision timekeeping. Moonlight planners have proposed creating a new time zone for the Moon for this purpose, culminating in the introduction of the Coordinated Lunar Time standard in 2024. Due to the lower gravity and relative motion, time passes more quickly on the Moon, making every 24-hour period elapse 56 microseconds early when measured from Earth.

title: Exploration of the Moon


text:
veiller

Etymology
,, from , , from , contracted from. Compare the borrowed doublet.

Verb

 * 1)  to stay up, sit up
 * 2)  to keep guard, keep watch
 * 3)  to look after, see to ( + à); see to it that ( + à ce que)
 * 4)  to watch over (someone) ( + sur)
 * 5)  to keep watch over a sick person at night; to do a death wake for
 * 6)  to go out in the evening, e.g. in parties, clubs, bars…
 * 7)  to put in standby mode

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to be awake

title: veiller


text:
Brad Corrigan

Brad Corrigan (born August 27, 1974) is a musician who is a member of the indie band Dispatch, which reunited in 2011 after a hiatus of several years. He is often known by the stage name Braddigan and has been pursuing a successful solo effort since 2003 under that name, having released two albums independently on his own label, Third Surfer Music.

Personal life
Corrigan was born in Denver, Colorado, and is a graduate of Littleton High School. After playing lacrosse at Middlebury College, he joined Pete Heimbold in Woodriver Bandits. They got together with Chad Urmston to create the band Dispatch. Braddigan bandmates include Reinaldo DeJesus from Puerto Rico, Tiago Machado from Brazil, and Paul Stivitts from New York City.

Corrigan has made numerous visits to Managua, Nicaragua, where poverty and social injustice are prevalent. He founded a non-profit organization, Love Light & Melody, dedicated to battling physical, emotional and spiritual effects of extreme poverty. Corrigan believes everyone can make a difference. In his own words, “It’s never what you do in life, but the heart with which you do it." His second studio album, The Captive, draws its inspiration from the band's experiences in Managua. On December 17, 2013, he released his first solo album in six years, titled Someday is Today, which took three years to make.

Guitars

 * Taylor Acoustic w/cutaway

Discography
For discography of Dispatch, see Dispatch Discography

EPs

 * 2002: Dirt Level Demos
 * 2003: Take Two
 * 2007: Braddigan and Friends

Studio albums

 * 2005: Watchfires - Third Surfer Music
 * 2007: The Captive - Third Surfer Music
 * 2013: Someday is Today - Third Surfer Music

Live albums

 * 2002: Live at the Gothic
 * 2006: Live at Goucher College
 * 2008: Live at the Belly Up - Third Surfer Music

DVDs

 * 2007: Side of the Road - Third Surfer Music, Kasey Kirby

Compilation albums

 * 2005: The Relief Project: Vol. I by Various Artists (as part of The Relief Project)

title: Brad Corrigan


text:
Stephanie Knows Who

"Stephanie Knows Who" is a song written by Arthur Lee and first released by Love on their 1966 album Da Capo. It has also been released on several Love compilation albums. It was to have been released as a single, backed with "Orange Skies", but the single was withdrawn, with "She Comes in Colors" replacing it under the same catalog number. The song was also covered by the Move.

Lyrics and music
The song was inspired by a woman approximately 18 years old named Stephanie Buffington, for whom both Lee and Love's guitarist Bryan MacLean had affections. Parts of "The Castle", another song on Da Capo, were inspired by the same woman. Love drummer Michael Stuart-Ware stated that when Lee wrote the song, Stephanie was with him, but by the time the band recorded the song, she was with MacLean. Stuart also believes that the romantic triangle helped lead to the deterioration of the friendship between Lee and MacLean, to the point where Lee tried to expel MacLean from the band. According to guitarist Johnny Echols, the song's lyrics, "A tiger did, you said he did", referred to marks that Lee saw on her side, which she explained as having been caused by a childhood scratch from a tiger, though in fact they were stretch marks from a teenage pregnancy.

The song's music contains jazz elements. AllMusic critic Matthew Greenwald has described the song as "a combination of hard, psychedelic rock with a free jazz interlude." For the interlude, which features Johnny Echols' guitar playing and Tjay Cantrelli's (real name John Barberi) saxophone playing, the time signature shifts from 3/4 to 5/8. Echols has described the song as "a kind of a jazz waltz", though noting that the song isn't very danceable. Stuart-Ware has also commented that the song is hard to dance to.

Although Lee's singing on Love's debut album and Da Capo's lead single "7 and 7 Is" (released months before the album) uses a harsh style, his singing on most of Da Capo uses a softer style. "Stephanie Knows Who" is an exception, and uses the raw singing style of the debut album. However, the instrumentation of the song is more consistent with the rest of Da Capo. For example, Alban "Snoopy" Pfisterer's harpsichord is prominent. The Da Capo instrumentation is particularly evident in the instrumental introduction to the song, which features MacLean's folk music-style guitar playing and Pfisterer's harpsichord.

Critical reception
Greenwald praised the song as being "wonderfully quirky." Music critic Barney Hoskyns has described the song as having garage punk angst. Chris Hollow of The Age described the song as a jewel. Edna Gundersen and Ken Barnes of USA Today described the song as being "among the most attractively sophisticated of the era." Author Domenic Priore considers it a prime example of Lee's "fiery passion" and remarks how the song "breaks into a jazzy solo without losing its rock 'n' roll grit." Author Bob Cianci praised Stuart-Ware's drumming on the song. Colin Larkin called it one of the "strong tracks" on Da Capo. Authors Scott Schinder and Andy Schwartz described Cantrelli's saxophone solo as being in a similar style to John Coltrane.

Other appearances
"Stephanie Knows Who" had been intended as a single release in late 1966, backed with "Orange Skies" and was assigned catalog number EK 45608. However, the single was withdrawn, and "She Comes in Colors", backed with "Orange Skies", was released with catalog number EK 45608 instead. After its original release as a single and on Da Capo, "Stephanie Knows Who" was also included on a number of Love compilation albums, including The Best of Love (1980) and Comes in Colours (1992).

The Move covered "Stephanie Knows Who" on their 1968 live EP Something Else from The Move. AllMusic critic Cub Koda describes the Move's version as "a psychedelic number with loads of wah-wah guitar from Roy Wood." AllMusic's Richie Unterberger commented on the song's "spinning and frenetic guitar work." The song also appears on other albums by the Move, including the reissue of Shazam.

"Stephanie Knows Who" was also covered by the Aardvarks on the various artists compilation album Modstock Saarbrücken 94.

title: Stephanie Knows Who


text:
User:Amari Fields - American Youtuber

Name: Amari Fields American Youtuber Date of Birth: March 30, 2002 Place of Birth: White Plains Education: College

title: User:Amari Fields - American Youtuber


text:
Talk:Sarojini Naidu

better photo for this article
There is a photo of Sarojini Naidu at one of the government websites, http://mea.gov.in/indiaperspective/2005/052005.pdf. I believe this will be a better photo for the infobox. Can someone transform and upload this photo? --Kedar (talk) 10:49, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

Gandhi quote
It's widely repeated that Sarojini Naidu once jokingly remarked it cost a great deal of money to keep Gandhi living in poverty. If the quote can be sourced, it would be good to include in the article. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:26, 26 October 2009 (UTC) R.E.D.

What's going on?
What's up with this article? I look at the history and I see the byte count going up and down like a yoyo. There's a 2 year old request to replace the photo with a "better" one, and yet the article has no photo at all! I can see the photo if I look back at previous versions. Have I stumbled upon another edit-war? This article was created in the ancient past of enWP, 2002, I believe, but there are only 2 entries on the Talk page, the most recent being 2009! Many conflicting edits, with zero discussion: looks to me like it's time for some protection/intervention. I suspect that the Discussion is being erased along with large portions of the article. Grow up, people! No one wins an edit war. This is a beautiful story about an important and influential person, and she doesn't deserve to be dishonored. When you contribute to Wikipedia, you MUST be prepared to see your work modified, even reverted. Get with the program. It's a process. Let the process operate.

the editor formerly known as the Ragityman<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:27, 19 February 2012 (UTC)

can you ppl let thm — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:33, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

Vandalism
Is it possible to semi protect this page for today? It seems like the google doodle is drawing a lot of vandals and very little honest contributors. --Debastein (talk) 09:16, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

Lead
Currently the article's lead section has citations and covers content which is not mentioned in the rest of the page. A lead section should summarise what the entire article says, since it's repeating content there is usually no need for citing it twice. The present content needs to be merged with the article and a brief summary needs to be written. -Ugog Nizdast (talk) 10:33, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 13 February 2014
Please change "Her 135th Birthday (in 2014) was marked by a doodle on Google India's Homepage." to "Her 135th birth anniversary....." as it commemorates the date of her birth, and is the preferred term for someone who is deceased.

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:13, 13 February 2014 (UTC)
 * ✅, thank you. Ugog Nizdast (talk) 16:15, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:38, 23 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Sarojini Naidu in Bombay 1946.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:06, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Flag of the Indian National Congress.svg

WiG mini review
Hey,, thanks for working on this. It looks like you've made considerable improvement. Speaking entirely in a constructive spirit, I think a little more is necessary before this is GA material, though it's close. First, the remaining unsourced content needs to addressed. Second, some sources (not your main ones, but the ones in the article before you began) that need to be replaced: smartenglishnotes, streeshakti, filmsdivision, and the INC, are the ones that stand out. Third, since it looks like a lot of the content predated your involvement, you should at least spot-check those sources to see if they verify the content they are used for. Fourth, there's a rather long paragraph in the legacy section that throws together many ideas, including ones that probably belong in personal life, since they do not refer to Naidu's own legacy. Finally, and this may be trickiest; the "nonviolent resistance" section reads a little like a list of isolated facts; there's really no narrative thread. For such a prominent figure, there must be sources covering it in detail which can be used to frame the sub-section. I hope this feedback is useful; best of luck with the GAN. Feel free to ping me with questions, or if you want me to take another look. Vanamonde (Talk) 03:17, 7 October 2021 (UTC)
 * , thank you for this feedback! It is very helpful in focusing my efforts as I get toward a final stretch -- I've been looking at this article for long enough, it was hard to see what was "fine" and what still does need addressing. I agree with all your points here, and will work my way through them before nominating for GA! ~ L 🌸  (talk) 18:33, 8 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sarojini Naidu


text:
File:Theflyposter.jpg

Summary
Poster for the 1958 film "The Fly"

Source

Fair use rationale for The Fly (1958 film)

 * 1) For an article about a film, the original poster is arguably one of the most important images that could be included.
 * 2) No free or public domain images have been located for this film.
 * 3) The image is of lower resolution than the original poster (copies made from it will be of inferior quality).
 * 4) The poster is to suggest something of the film's genre and style.
 * 5) The poster is being used for informational purposes only, and its use is not believed to detract from the original film in any way.
 * 6) The poster is used on various websites, and its use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible than it already is.
 * 7) The poster's use on Wikipedia is entirely encyclopedic in nature.

title: File:Theflyposter.jpg


text:
Talk:Common Knowledge?

Quotations
Someone seems to be concerned that perhaps quotations are not allowed. Fair use quotations are allowed even without publisher or copyright holder permission.

Wikipedia can have a section in articles about books in which the book is summarized. I recently did a summary at Open_Data_Now - anyone can replicate this model, if they like. If the summary is to include quotations, follow the guidance at Quotations.  Blue Rasberry  (talk)  13:32, 8 September 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Common Knowledge?


text:
Brazil (EP)

Brazil is the second EP by Dutch recording artist Loona. The album was recorded in 2014 and released on June 6, 2014 through Sony.

Background
Between 2009 and 2013, Loona released a string of summervibe tune singles, such as "Vamos a la playa", a Miranda cover, "Parapapapapa", "El Cucaracho, El Muchacho", a collaboration with Movetown, the Pigbag classic ""El Tiburón", "Policia", "Oh la la dance avec moi", the Los Diablos cover version "Rakatakata (Un Rayo de Sol)" or "Caliente". All these singles to be included on her long-awaited, sixth studio album with the working title Summer Dance, later retitled Rakatakata (Un Rayo de Sol). In 2014, when the WM came up, Loona released a 5-Track EP subtitled "Big 5" digitally through iTunes.

Content
The Brazil extended play contains five songs, two of them, which are previously unreleased new songs, and three remixes. The album starts with "Brazil", a summervibe tune song and cover of Francisco Alves's "Aquarela do Brasil", which served as the albums' first and only single. The following two songs are remixes of the previously released Loona cover versions, the Paradisio classic "Bailando", in a Brazilian-language version titled "Dançando" and a Rio version of "Mamboleo", a cover version of Herbert Grönemeyer's song "Mambo", from her first two albums "Lunita" and "Entre dos aguas". The fourth track is the Barry Manilow cover version of Copacabana. The last song is the 2k14 remix of "Rio de Janeiro" with Loona as guest vocalist, a track previously released by only Flava & Stevenson on their album Quantum of Dance. "Brazil" received a music video and was released in 2014.

Appearances
The 2k14 remix of "Rio de Janeiro" was also included on Flava & Stevenson's album Quantum of Dance as a bonus track.

Personnel

 * Loona – vocals
 * Flava & Stevenson – guest vocals

title: Brazil (EP)


text:
Ischke Senekal

Ischke Senekal (born 8 January 1993) is a South African discus thrower.

She won the silver medal at the 2015 African Games (discus), finished fifth at the 2015 African Games (shot put), twelfth at the 2015 Summer Universiade (discus), fifth at the 2016 African Championships (both discus and (shot put) and tenth at the 2017 Summer Universiade (discus).

She also competed at the 2012 World Junior Championships (discus) and the 2017 Summer Universiade (shot put) without reaching the final.

Her personal best throw is 56.86 metres, achieved in April 2016 in Stellenbosch. She has 17.56 metres in the shot put, achieved in April 2018 in Sasolburg.

title: Ischke Senekal


text:
Space science informatics

Earth and Space Science Informatics Area
This is an effort to see how one would start a division of Earth and Space Science Informatics at the Wikiversity. Having never done this before, we need to figure out how to create a subdivision of the general Informatics section. One particular area of interest is online resources that embed pointers to scientific datasets and tools for interacting with those datasets. The goal is to use this as a mechanism for incorporating Earth and space science datasets into the world wide web.

''One concern is what happens if the wikiversity does not catch on after considerable effort has been used to create educational resources in the ESSI division. It will be important to have a mechanism for reusing the materials elsewhere without a major conversion effort.''
 * The mediawiki code is available at Sourceforge and database backups should be available at http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page.

Many ESSI topics are in the area of data systems:
 * delivery systems
 * real-time push or subscription such as the Unidata LDM/IDD and BRSS Antelope.
 * retrospective pull or on-demand client/server protocols such as OPeNDAP and the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Coverage Service (WCS) and Web Feature Service (WFS).
 * discovery facilities
 * data access tools
 * metadata creation and service mechanisms
 * analysis and display clients

Currently there is a strong movement to make such capabilities available in the form of web services:
 * data services
 * catalog/metadata services
 * data processing services

title: Space science informatics


text:
Talk:US History

New Information
Should I create pages about the 2016 election, update the 2012 one, and make a page on Trump? PokestarFan*Talk*Contributions 14:29, 12 April 2017 (UTC)

Oh, please do! But, as a partisan (I am against what President Trump has done), please make it as impartial as possible. *This* occurred, *that* was registered, *the other thing* came up in the polls. More facts, fewer impressions. Pittsburgh Poet (discuss • contribs) 15:13, 12 April 2017 (UTC)
 * I am also against Trump. But I would like to keep it all factual.

Making this a featured book again.
This book has been sitting in a state of being a formerly featured book for a while now. I think there are clear issues with the book, and that this was the right call. However I was wondering what exactly it would take to improve the book as it is now to the point where it could be a proper featured book again. Do any other editors have suggestions or thoughts? --Mbrickn (discuss • contribs) 20:44, 6 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:US History


text:
Alle, Switzerland

Alle is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy of the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

History
Alle is first mentioned in 1136 as Alla. The municipality was formerly known by its German name Hall, however, that name is no longer used.

Geography
Alle has an area of. Of this area, 6.81 km2 or 64.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 2.36 km2 or 22.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.37 km2 or 12.9% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.08 km2 or 0.8% is either rivers or lakes and 0.01 km2 or 0.1% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 1.1% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 6.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 4.3%. Out of the forested land, 21.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 50.0% is used for growing crops and 13.6% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located in the Porrentruy district, along the Allaine and Cornolbach rivers. It is one of the largest villages in the Ajoie, with distinctive row houses from the 17th and 18th centuries along the rivers.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules, on a Bend Argent three Torteaux.

Demographics
Alle has a population of. , 10.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 8.6%. Migration accounted for 7.6%, while births and deaths accounted for 1.7%.

Most of the population speaks French (1,436 or 93.1%) as their first language, Italian is the second most common (45 or 2.9%) and German is the third (24 or 1.6%).

, the population was 48.4% male and 51.6% female. The population was made up of 726 Swiss men (42.6% of the population) and 99 (5.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 801 Swiss women (47.0%) and 77 (4.5%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 659 or about 42.7% were born in Alle and lived there in 2000. There were 500 or 32.4% who were born in the same canton, while 110 or 7.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 243 or 15.8% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 26.3% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 57.5% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16.1%.

, there were 580 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 795 married individuals, 113 widows or widowers and 54 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 612 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household. There were 179 households that consist of only one person and 59 households with five or more people. , a total of 593 apartments (91.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 29 apartments (4.5%) were seasonally occupied and 29 apartments (4.5%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 4.1 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 2.6%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance
The Noir Bois, a paleolithic and medieval settlement and the Pré Monsieur paleolithic settlement are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire urban village of Alle is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 45.39% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (19.78%), the SPS (18.54%) and the SVP (10.97%). In the federal election, a total of 614 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 52.6%.

Economy
, Alle had an unemployment rate of 4.4%. , there were 62 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 18 businesses involved in this sector. 810 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 26 businesses in this sector. 274 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 55 businesses in this sector. There were 755 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.3% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 1,053. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 49, of which 39 were in agriculture and 10 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 781 of which 751 or (96.2%) were in manufacturing and 29 (3.7%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 223. In the tertiary sector; 118 or 52.9% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 22 or 9.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 20 or 9.0% were in a hotel or restaurant, 8 or 3.6% were the insurance or financial industry, 3 or 1.3% were technical professionals or scientists, 14 or 6.3% were in education and 12 or 5.4% were in health care.

, there were 1,000 workers who commuted into the municipality and 412 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 2.4 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 38.5% of the workforce coming into Alle are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 7% used public transportation to get to work, and 62.3% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 1,313 or 85.1% were Roman Catholic, while 94 or 6.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 2 individuals (or about 0.13% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 25 individuals (or about 1.62% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Jewish, and 25 (or about 1.62% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 2 individuals who were Buddhist and 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 47 (or about 3.05% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 43 individuals (or about 2.79% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Alle about 509 or (33.0%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 93 or (6.0%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 93 who completed tertiary schooling, 69.9% were Swiss men, 21.5% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Jura school system provides two year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school followed by some form of Tertiary school or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2009-10 school year, there were a total of 197 students attending 12 classes in Alle. There were 2.5 kindergarten classes with a total of 46 students in the municipality. The municipality had 9 primary classes and 151 students. There are only nine Secondary schools in the canton, so all the students from Alle attend their secondary school in another municipality.

, there were 117 students from Alle who attended schools outside the municipality.

Transportation
Alle is located on the Porrentruy–Bonfol railway line and has regular service at the Alle railway station.

title: Alle, Switzerland


text:
Chlmec

Chlmec (Helmecke) is a village and municipality in Humenné District in the Prešov Region of north-east Slovakia.

History
In historical records, the village was first mentioned in 1451. Before the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia in 1918, Chlmec was part of Zemplén County within the Kingdom of Hungary. From 1939 to 1944, it was part of the Slovak Republic. On 26 November 1944, the Red Army dislodged the Wehrmacht from Chlmec and it was once again part of Czechoslovakia.

Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 234 metres and covers an area of 7.916 km2. It has a population of about 562 people.

title: Chlmec


text:
Carheil Lake

Carheil Lake (Lac Carheil) is a lake in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada. It is just south of Fermont, and is the source of the Carheil River, which runs south to the Aux Pékans River. The lake has been polluted with phosphorus from wastewater effluent from Fermont, causing algal bloom. This is cause for concern since the lake is among the headwaters for the wild and unspoiled Moisie River.

Location
Carheil Lake is south of Fermont and of Quebec Route 389. It is in the Caniapiscau Regional County Municipality near the western boundary of Labrador. The lake is in the Grenville Province in the southeast of the Canadian Shield plateau, composed of Precambrian rocks, on average 300 m above sea level. Carheil Lake's elongated shape and orientation indicate a glacial origin. The lake has a maximum depth of 76 m in its center and average depth of 33.9 m.

Name
The lake's name was made official on 5 December 1968. The Commission de toponymie du Québec does not have information about its origin. The commission states that the canton of Carheil, far to the west, is named after the Jesuit missionary Étienne de Carheil (1633-1726). Possibly there is a connection.

Drainage basin
Carheil Lake is at the head of the Moisie River drainage basin, and drains an area of 328 km2. It is in an area of rounded hills and flat areas with peat bogs, wetlands and many lakes and small streams. The valleys show the influence of glacial action and contain undifferentiated glacial till and fluvioglacial deposits of sand and gravel.

Lac Daviault is to the north of the lake, lying to the east and south of the town of Fermont, and draining via Lac Sans Nom into Carheil Lake. Lac de la Rue feeds through Lac Cladonie and Lac Low Ball into the northwest of the lake. Lac Jonquet is to the east of the lake. Lac Moiré to the northeast also drains into the lake, as do other small lakes such as Lac Tupper, Lac Perchard and Lac en Croissant. The Carheil River leaves Carheil Lake from the southeast. The river is a tributary of the Aux Pékans River, in turn a tributary of the Moisie River. It is estimated that the outflow from the lake is about 23 m3/s.

Environment
The average annual temperature in the region is -5 C. The warmest month is July, when the average temperature is 12 C, and the coldest is January, with -21 C. There are scattered areas of permafrost. A measurement of lake temperature in late July 2011 gave 16 C near the surface, falling to 5 C at the lowest levels. A map of the Ecological regions of Quebec shows the Carheil Lake rising to the south of Fermont just west of the Spruce/lichen domain of the boreal zone. It is in the eastern spruce/moss domain of the boreal zone.

The Carheil watershed is characterized by coniferous trees that are tolerant of prolonged contact with water. Even in the undergrowth, shrubs and herbaceous species are all tolerant of extreme moisture conditions, such as willow shrubs, heathers, bog-myrtle and grey alder. Black spruce stands replace the fir-white birch found at lower latitudes. Several broad leaved and coniferous tree species coexist with black spruce, such as yellow birch, trembling aspen, balsam poplar, balsam fir and tamarack. The undergrowth is mainly carpets of moss and ericaceous species. As of 2015 the lake's shoreline appeared to be in excellent natural condition.

Human presence
The surroundings of the lake include cottages and forest shelters. An existing road leads south from Fermont to the lake. A report issued in 2016 on improving Quebec Route 389 between Fire Lake and Fermont proposed as one option to leave the present Route 389 between km 507 and 566, branch northeast and cross the Pekans River and La Rue Lake, then run along the existing road along Carheil Lake and up to the present Route 389. Construction of the road would involve deforestation at the crossing of the Pékans River and De La Rue Lake, and along the northwest shore of Carheil Lake. In September 2012 two men drowned in the lake when their canoe overturned. Neither was wearing a life jacket. A new 6 km quad (all-terrain vehicle) trail was built in 2015 from Fermont to the lake by the Club VTT du Grand Nord.

In 2017 Metals Australia announced initial exploration results at their 4450 ha Lac Rainy Est graphite project, important in providing an input to lithium-ion battery manufacturing. The press release noted that a high grade deposit at Carheil Lake, less than 200 m from the Lac Rainy project area, had yielded samples of 35.49% Cg and 40.67% Cg. The Carheil Lake deposit is on the west shore of the south part of the lake. The graphite was found in a structural lineament that runs roughly north-south for about 2 km. A report by the same company in May 2019 stated that they had drilled 17 holes along the formation for a length of about 1.25 km and confirmed eastern and western extensions of the Carheil Graphitic Zone.

Pollution
The lake is classified a Lake of Concern by Quebec's Ministère de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques. In April 2011 it was reported that water management experts in Sept-Îles were concerned about cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, that had been found in Carheil Lake. The cause of excessive phosphorus in the lake was discharge from the Fermont treatment plant over a period of forty years. The plant had recently been modernized, reducing the phosphorus released by 80% to 90%. The lake is a tributary to the large wild river, the Moisie River. There was a lack of funding for a $150,000 study of the impact on the Moisie River.

The Ministry of Sustainable Development, Environment and Parks (MDDEP) told the OBV Duplessis to evaluate the situation of Carheil Lake, resulting in publication of a study in November 2011. The report noted that Lakes Daviault and Sans-Nom had also been affected with cyanobacterial efflorescence every year since 2005, and the Fermont treatment plant was the only known source of phosphorus. Until 2010 wastewater from Fermont was treated only by removal of solids. In 2010 a treatment system was installed with the purpose of removing phosphorus from the effluent, which in theory would reduce the phosphorus concentration from 2.5 to 0.8 mg/L. Although less phosphorus is being added to the lakes, phosphorus tends to accumulate rather than flow away, so the lakes could continue to experience cyanobacterial efflorescence from existing phosphorus.

The researchers found that little was known about flow rates, renewal times, levels of oxygen, phosphorus and nitrogen, stratification, phytoplankton and fish populations in Carheil Lake or the other lakes. Almost the only information available was on the water quality in 1996 at the mouth of the Moisie River, 350 km downstream. To fill the gap, OBV Duplessis was conducting an ecosystem study of the three lakes. The 2011 report covered hydrodynamic and physicochemical aspects, and a second report on biological aspects was planned for 2012 subject to funding availability. Phosphorus concentration was 7.1 µg/L in July and 4.9 µg/L in October. By comparison, Lake Perchard, to the north of Fermont, supplies the town with drinking water. It had a phosphorus concentration in October of 3.3 µg/L. A more complete report was issued in April 2015 giving information about the biota.

title: Carheil Lake


text:
National Register of Historic Places listings in York County, Pennsylvania

This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in York County, Pennsylvania.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in York County, Pennsylvania, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 99 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

Current listings

 * }


text:
dynaaminen

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬), ultimately from and adapted with the adjectival suffix.

Adjective

 * 1) dynamic

title: dynaaminen


text:
Talk:Science as religion

This totally doesn't belong under Evolutionary Biology. Let's move it to sociology, philosophy, or religious studies. -Tom Hmm. I have to say that if the goal is really to "understand the relationship between science and religion", using the title "Science as Religion" is not a good start... - dcljr 08:03, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

 * "using the title 'Science as Religion' is not a good start" <-- why not? --JWSchmidt 12:32, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, the stated goal of the project makes it sound like it's trying to be an unbiased investigation, but the very title of the project (not to mention the first source article linked to) is very one-sided. Not only does it rhetorically subjugate science to religion, it confuses (in my opinion) what science and religion actually are (simply put: science is not a kind of religion, by the very definitions of the two concepts that people generally accept). Now, I'll assume that this title was chosen because it's actually the very idea that science is a kind of religion that this module is trying to address. If so, this needs to be more clearly explained in the description of the project. In other words, are you actually investigating science or a certain perspective some people have on science? The distinction is an important one. In the first case ("let's investigate science as a kind of religion"), the exercise is starting off with a strong underlying assumption (I would say a false premise) that needs to be questioned. In the second case ("let's investigate this idea that science is a religion"), the description of the project should be rewritten to clarify this as being the objective. And finally, if the goal is as currently written ("let's investigate the relationship between science and religion"), why start out by defining that relationship a priori in the title? - dcljr 22:06, 7 September 2006 (UTC)
 * If I still haven't made my objections clear, I can simply edit the description of the project in a way that I think is more appropriate, assuming you want to keep this title. - dcljr 22:11, 7 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree that many people who claim that science is religion are probably either confused or trying to confuse others. An exception would be those who suggest that science can be combined with a sense of wonder and in so doing satisfy many of the same emotional needs that for some people are satisfied by religions. Some people claim that science is a religion and this learning project was created as a place to investigate that idea.
 * Agreed, reading through title, and going on to read through the page it seams very bias. The only reason I ended up here at the discussion page. RichMac 03:12, 25 October 2006 (UTC)
 * As the comments on the Talk:Darwinism as religion page pointed out, the idea that science is religious seems to be a strictly American phenomenon. Perhaps it would be less inflammatory to name the course something like "Science and Religion in America" (or maybe "Science and Religion in the United States"). Furthermore, the idea of "science as religion" don't seem to come from anyone who could be considered an "expert" in any scientific field, but rather from conservative political writers. This isn't a problem in itself, but their points are hugely flawed (implying that evolution is some sort of overarching theme in all of science rather than a specialized topic, so clearly geologists must be experts in evolutionary biology too) or patently false (claiming that most of the evidence for evolutionary biology "has been revealed as hoaxes and fakes", as if a broad field of scientists have nothing better to do than continue their long running joke). There doesn't seem to be much of a point in a course which discusses the merits of articles written to attack biology by authors who don't know the first thing about biology. I do, however, think this course could still be useful as a possible study on how this phenomenon began, why it's isolated to the US (or if it is; as a USian I can't speak for everyone else), its effects on US politics, its effects on how the world views the US (for example, on Talk:Darwinism as religion, someone stated that they have a separation of church and state in Switzerland, implying that we do not. Does the rest of the world view our church/state separation as weak in some sense?), etc. From a sociological perspective, the topic seems rather interesting, and I wouldn't mind learning about it. It also seems like the approach would make it much easier to maintain a NPOV. --Nick Driscoll 21:00, 12 July 2011 (UTC)

Maybe this should be merged with the [Darwinism as religion] page? Right now, the content of the 2 pages is pretty similar.
 * In my view, "Science as Religion" is a large topic and Darwinism as religion is one specific example of how some people have tried to link a particular type of science to religion. Rather than merge, we just need to expand the list of topics on the "Science as Religion" page. For example, I think there could be a "lesson" dealing with claims physicists have made about how their work reveals something about god. --JWSchmidt 23:33, 10 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Nietzsche would be good to bring up—he put Science (and Reason) in the same category as religion, and rejected both on the same grounds. The Jade Knight 02:33, 11 October 2006 (UTC)
 * A lot of people confuse Naturalism with Science. Is that what you mean by "Science as Religion"?  Also, "Science as Religion" does not automatically mean "Religion as Science", which is arguably another matter.  The Jade Knight 08:23, 26 October 2006 (UTC)
 * If I were to Assume Good Faith and try to find a core of rationality behind the idea that we can constructively view Science as Religion, I would start with the fact that it is possible for people to try to adopt a scientific approach to understanding the world and then stop questioning the foundations of science. In my view, the results of science are always tentative. The history of science is full of examples of scientists being sure that they knew something, but a few years later they find out that they were wrong. So I think some people can make science look like a religion if they are not willing to admit that the results of science are simply the best ideas that we can come up with today, and our current ideas might later be shown to be incomplete or otherwise misguided or wrong. Another main issue is the distinction between "natural" and "supernatural". Much of what we call "religion" touches on the idea of there being "supernatural" features in the world. I think there needs to be a more developed science of the supernatural. It the very least we need to study why people are often attracted to a supernatural "explanation" of some phenomena. I suspect there is a fairly simple biological and sociological account of why people adopt belief in the supernatural. If science can reveal the biological and sociological basis of belief in the supernatural then I think that will help people think more clearly about the relationship between religion and science. --JWSchmidt 16:26, 26 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Another interesting tidbit: DesCartes used the scientific method to attempt to prove the (quite supernatural) existence of God. In his mind, at least, he was using perfectly rational and skeptical science to get to this point.  He more or less came up with the modern scientific method, but saw no need to limit Science to something Naturalistic.  This also may be very relevant to the discussion.  The Jade Knight 18:35, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Is this the argument you are thinking of? "[S]ince I am a thinking thing, and have in me an idea of God, whatever finally the cause may be to which my nature is attributed, it must necessarily be admitted that the cause must equally be a thinking thing, and possess within it the idea of all the perfections that I attribute to the divine nature." (Trademark argument) --JWSchmidt 04:03, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

 * We need a definition of religion here. (e.g. w:Religion, but not as clear-cut as the definition of science below)
 * We need a definition of science here. (e.g.w:Science)
 * I think they are different, and neither is a subset of the other. Perhaps someone can explain whether one is a "subset" (loosely speaking) of the other.
 * There may be scientific theories fitting both definitions, and darwinism may be example.  But then the title should be Scientific theories as religions.--Hillgentleman 04:29, 27 October 2006 (UTC)
 * A relevant definition of religion (based on Mirriam-Webster) has been provided here. However, defining religion is an inherently troublesome affair.  The Jade Knight 18:54, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

Bias
It is biased to focus upon Darwin's theory whilst excluding all other scientific theories in the debate. As far as one can tell the whole argument hinges on the premise that a theory that fits all the facts may not be true and a supernatural influence is the actual answer. For this reason I have included gravity in the discussion as it illuminates the whole argument. Newton's theory of gravity was demonstrated to be incorrect - so the most current theory of gravity, by Albert Einstein, is used as a very serious example. It is the example that gives modern science its own creation story (the big bang), so I feel it is the most important theory to discuss. (Others may wish to include quantum mechanics or electromagnetism - all theories that just happen to fit observations amazingly well!) Astrophysicist 11:03, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

 * To me it smacks of satire, which would belong under Literature or Folklore, not here. The Jade Knight 06:09, 20 February 2007 (UTC)
 * The matter is serious. It appears that the 'Science as Religion' article merely concentrates on one particular scientific theory. This led me to believe that it is a cover for ID, and low and behold the rest of the article is about evolution. The scientific method is larger than any one theory and advances by disproving a particular theory in favor of one that more closely fits observations. Gravity is a prime example where Newton's theory of gravity was superceded by Einstein's. Gravity is also important in the discussion because it is a powerful predictive theory that leads sciencists to conclusions about the nature of the universe - the big bang etc. There could indeed be elements of religion in such thinking as it leads to a possible point of creation. From another angle, if one does not dismiss ID then one cannot easily dismiss IF so easily. Indeed if there is any weight to ID then IF becomes more probable - totally directed by a 'higher power'. I am in no way mocking Wikiversity, indeed I am defending it by ensuring a balance is achieved. I have helped build several pages when it was part of wikibooks already and am keen to continue.
 * People believe in ID; no one seriously believes in IF. As such, it is impossible to compare them as similar belief systems.  If you wish to make such a comparison, it will need to be on entirely different grounds.  You're welcome to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Naturalism, if you like, or of ID, or of Atheism or Agnosticism, or of Buddhism or Islam—but please do not bring in something which is satirical in nature and designed explicitly to mock the views of another and claim that it is an equal example.  The Jade Knight 02:55, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

Question: what is going on here?
Can somebody please explain me (an experienced Wikipedia writer) what this course/page is about? This is as far as I know not a subject taught in schools or universities. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Andries/Definitions_of_religions and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Andries/Theories_of_religion <IP_ADDRESS> 19:11, 4 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Within science there are some fundamental ideas that are adopted by most scientists but which are rejected by others who prefer religiously-motivated alternative ideas. For example, Darwinism as religion explores the claim that evolutionary biology is little more than a religion that is forced upon school children. This claim is an interesting attack on conventional biological thought that is part of on-going attempts to put religious ideas on equal footing with science in competition for coverage in schools. This learning resource is a starting point for discussions that explore the relationship between science and religion. --JWSchmidt 22:54, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

Anything as Religion
Once you would be able to associate with "Religion" a specific way to deal with a topic x, you can issuisize any x under the label "x as religion". You can misuse the discussion "x as Religion" with the objective to make people believe, that "x is a religion" - rather that discussing an inappropriately religious way to deal with x. This could happen here in wikiversity to science and darwins findings. You can treat science and darwins theories "religiously", but that doesn't turn these categories into a religion. One should not allow this "Science as Religion" project to be the trojan horse of those, who want to assimilate everything, which is not religion yet, into their religious model of reality.

Economics as Religion as an example: Economics can be and has been dealt with as if it was a religion. There surely is a belief system in economics. But the popular claim, that economy is a religion goes to far and is dishonest. Economics as religion simply is bad economics (besides lots of good economical research, of which we have plenty), as in general science as religion simply is no science and thus has to be distinguished from science which still deserves to be called science. --Snark 17:27, 26 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Well - deep subject. What must be asked is "What is Religion?" It is in most cases a personal and subjective belief system, a world view or a way of life. The root of the word is related to a Latin term - ligo which is the same root found in the word "ligament" for instance. It means to "re-link" presumably to "God" or the "Divine" - a creator and subject/object of worship (worth-ship). The very etymology of the word, religion suggests that mankind was once linked (connected, tied, bound...) to a supreme being, but somehow that link became broken. Religion then encompasses a myriad of attempts to re-establish the original connection to the Godhead. These attempts range from atheism (relinking to the void) to pantheism (relinking to anything) to monotheism (relinking to the real God, whomever He/She/It is).

 * My personal choice is the re-linking to God the Universal Father who was manifest to me (and many others) through a visit to the planet some 2 millenia ago by a certain Jesus of Nazereth whom we understand was, is, and will always be the first-born Son of God. He is not, therefore only the healer of the breech, but is Himself, the Link. In our belief the link was broken as a result of the rebellion of a certain angel (lower diety, demigod...), Lucifer (The devil, Satan, Beelzebub...) causing what we know as the "Fall of Man". The whole package works for me, so that's what I use. But, science or anything else as religion is nonsense to me. --CQ 18:45, 26 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I do think that many take Naturalism religiously, and that for them it thus functions as a religion. This is not the same thing as "Science", and it is somewhat more difficult to think of something like the Scientific Method as being a religion in and of itself, though it could be perhaps adhered to "religiously".  The Jade Knight (d'viser) 16:44, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Science as religion


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Poddębice

Poddębice is a town in central Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship, about 40 km northwest of Łódź. It is the capital of Poddębice County. Population is 7,245 (2020). It is located within the historic Łęczyca Land.

History
Poddębice was a private town, administratively located in the Łęczyca County in the Łęczyca Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. Zygmunt Grudziński built a Renaissance palace in the town.

World War II
During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), in 1940, the occupiers carried out expulsions of Poles, mostly owners of shops, workshops and better houses, which were then handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy. The local Jewish population, which numbered around 1,400 at the start of the war, was confined to a ghetto and subject to forced labor. In 1942, five were hung publicly and in April, 1,800 Jews, including several hundred forcibly resettled from Łęczyca, were confined in a church for ten days without any essentials, including food until a bribe was paid. Ten died there. After a few days, the sick and the elderly were then murdered nearby. After ten days, some skilled workers were sent to the Łódź Ghetto. All the remainder were sent to the Chełmno extermination camp where they were immediately gassed. Few of Poddębice's Jews survived the war. The German administrator of Poddębice (probably Franz Heinrich Bock) kept a secret diary published after the war. His diary was critical of the anti-Jewish policies. He had tried to help the Jewish population when he could. He was removed from his post during the war.

Sports
The local football club is Ner Poddębice. It competes in the lower leagues.

title: Poddębice


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Talk:USAA

Chaotic talk page archives
There are many non-conventional talk page archives here. Ideally someone would take the time to refactor them so that the archive bot can count them in the usual way, "Archive 1", "Archive 2". etc. As things are now there are two archiving schemes, "Archive_1" and "Archive01", which confuses the bot.

There are additional problems. In 2006 when Wikipedia was wilder there were different standards, and many of these archives are proposed drafts rather than discussion. Perhaps the draft content could have one sort of special archiving, and the actual talk page discussions could get the conventional archiving.

Finally a lot of the talk in the archives is unsigned. Archive bots depend on signatures to sort content, so content without signatures gets improperly archived. I think it would be too much labor to sort all of this and there is no good automated way to clean it. However, going forward, it would be nice to clean the latest archive, number 10 or 11, and to confirm messages from here on get proper archiving.

I was looking at this as one of the bigger businesses in the United States. I have no particular knowledge of this company.  Blue Rasberry  (talk)  23:56, 17 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Hello, BlueRasberry. It is nice to see you again. You're entirely correct about the chaotic state of the archives for this talk page! I don't know why that is the case.  USAA Federal Savings Bank is approximately the 25th largest by assets in the United States, and it is a major property and casualty insurance company. I'm not sure what was going on in those archives though... and it isn't typical of the company culture, especially since a lot of the dates were from before 2010 or even 2006, when the company was doing very well. I will make an effort to clean up Archive 11 if I have time.  Thank you for pointing this out!--FeralOink (talk) 12:09, 25 July 2022 (UTC)
 * You take a first pass, let me know when you are done, then I will look again. Someone has to make a decision and if there are two of us here, we should complete it now. The end result should be normal archives going forward. Thanks, good to meet again.  Bluerasberry   (talk)  12:49, 25 July 2022 (UTC)

 * FYI, those old talk pages are probably full of disputes regarding a particular editor (and sockpuppets) who was fixated on USAA. -- A. B. (talk • contribs • global count) 23:32, 16 November 2022 (UTC)

USAA assets, apples and oranges
Thanks for your efforts to update the assets of USAA. However, can the dramatic drop from $200 billion to $110 billion be due solely to the passage of time?

 * The Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council reports $204,720,000 total assets for the United Services Automobile Association, as of yesterday, 2023-07-31.
 * You changed that to report $110.88 billion However, this latter figure was for USAA Federal Savings Bank, which is a subsidiary of USAA, with just over half of USAA's total assets. I haven't studied this, but I believe that most if not all of the rest of USAA's assets are in other securities to back their insurance business.

I appreciate your work to update these numbers, but I worry that you may have misinterpreted your source, at least for this. I do NOT plan to revert your edit. I'll leave that to someone else. Thanks again, DavidMCEddy (talk) 15:07, 1 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Hey David, thank you for informing me about this. I will revert the changes to this and my listings. The Financial Scribe (talk) 15:34, 1 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:USAA


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Kalateh-ye Saqi

Kalateh-ye Saqi (, also Romanized as Kalāteh-ye Sāqī; also known as Kalāteh-ye Eqbāl) is a village in Ordughesh Rural District, Zeberkhan District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 227, in 70 families.

title: Kalateh-ye Saqi


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Jin Akanishi discography

The discography of Japanese recording artist Jin Akanishi.

Other appearances
The following songs are recordings crediting Jin Akanishi as a soloist, that and have not appeared on a release by him.

title: Jin Akanishi discography