text:
Computer Architecture Lab/WS2006

Project page for the course in winter 2006. Results of 6 real working processors can be found here.

RISE (Rarest Instruction Set Ever)
Urban Stadler Harald Trinkl Jakob Lechner Christian Walter

Our discussion about three processor architectures can be found here. We have choosen to evaluate the following processors with respect to their intstruction set

 * 8Bit Xilinx Microblaze embeddedable processor suitable for FPGA synthesis. See http://www.xilinx.com/picoblaze for more detail.
 * The 64Bit Alpha 21x64 RISC CPU.
 * AVR ATMega. See http://www.atmel.com/products/AVR.

Our discussion workplace where whe are working on our draft for our CPU.

MatPRO
Marcus Jeitler Josef Mosser Hermann Frühwirth Stephan Ramberger

What's MatPRO?
MatPRO is a pipelined CoProzessor that handels 4x4 Matrix-Operations like addition or multiplication. It's equipped with a SimpCom-Interface to ensure an easy transport connection to existing SoC-Solutions.

 * current Development of ISA and Assembler
 * current source files

Discussion about three processor architectures
Our discussion about three processor architectures is done. Stop by to see what´s it about!

SISP (Spartanic Instruction Set Processor)
Thomas Polzer, Philipp Jahn, Thomas Flanitzer

Architecture Review
We have chosen the following three architectures:
 * Intel 8bit micro processor platform (Representative: 8088)
 * Atmel Atmega 8bit micro controller family (Representative: Atmega128)
 * Motorola 68k family (Representative: 68008)

Our discussion about those three processor can be found here.

Instruction Set and Processor details
Details about our planned processor as well as the instruction set definition can be viewed here.

Tools
The following tools have been developed for our processor:
 * Assembler
 * Instruction simulator
 * VHDL code generator

Samples
Sample assembler files can be found here.

iMISC (invertable Minimized Instruction Set Computer)
Michael Pöttschacher Maximilian Rosenblattl Andreas Wolf

We have choosen to compare the following architectures by their instruction sets

 * Atmel AVR architecture
 * 64Bit DEC Alpha architecture
 * Infineon TriCore architecture

See Details here.

Details about iMISC

marca - McAdam's RISC Computer Architecture
Roland Kammerer Wolfgang Puffitsch Kenan Bilic

For our comparison of three microprocessors go here.

 * SPEAR
 * Alpha 21264/EV6
 * ATmega 16

The VHDL sources, the assembler and the documentation are available here. Reversing a line works fine in hardware, feel free to try out other programs.

NORISK
Oliver Hoeftberger Simon Pirker Bernhard Weirich Yilin Huang

Our three examples of RISC ISA are the following:

 * ARM
 * PowerPC 405
 * PICmicro

You might be interested in the our  NORISK Processor Design. The VHDL codes, Assembler and Instruction Set Simulator are here.

Group 6
Ljatifi & Arfan

The examples

Here is our instruction set.

title: Computer Architecture Lab/WS2006


text:
Talk:Guitar/Arpeggios and Sweep Picking

Nice rewrite. The note on how the pick is held is important in sweep picking though; if you want to do it right. -- Jimregan 09:44, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Guitar/Arpeggios and Sweep Picking


text:
Verzuolo Castle

Verzuolo Castle (Castello di Verzuolo) is a medieval castle in the Piedmont region of Italy, near Verzuolo, Province of Cuneo. It is located around 6 km from the city of Saluzzo and 84 km from Turin.

History
The castle was originally built in the 11th century and was modified in its original structure by order of Frederick II in 1377. The successors of Frederick II continued modifying the structure of the building, turning it into the main fortress of the Marquisate of Saluzzo.

In 1528, Giovanni Ludovico, Marquess of Saluzzo, was imprisoned in the castle.

In 1600 the castle facade was renovated, changing its aspect from that of a military fortress to that of a luxury mansion, and it has since been used as a summer residence of illustrious personalities, including Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, and Giambattista Bodoni.

On 18 June 1916, valuable documents referring to the history of Piedmont were lost in the collapse of one of the castle's two towers.

Venerdì 8 giugno 2022, l'ufficialità della vendita del Castello di Verzuolo alla Om.e.g Srl, società attiva nei settori del real estate, dell’energia e delle fonti rinnovabili. Le attività di riqualificazione del complesso, sarebbero già iniziate: in fase di studio ci sarebbe un progetto per rendere il maniero una struttura legata al benessere e all’ospitalità, in modo da favorire lo sviluppo turistico del territorio.

title: Verzuolo Castle


text:
Talk:Arcing horns

Question
What if the horns are vertical (many are). In which direction does the arc then travel?--Light current 02:03, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * At low and medium voltages, or in air break switches, the pair of wires forming the horn may be nearly vertical. In this configuration the arc climbs the horns, hopefully extinguishing the arc. Magnetic forces can also help to drive the arc towards the widening gap end of the gap between the horns (and away from the insulator to prevent damage). However, external interrupters are still often required to ensure that the arc is extinguished.

Examples of vertical arcing horns:

 * http://www.impulsenc.com/pdf/ocs_catalog/sinsulator.pdf (see page 5, KT insulator with arcing horns)
 * http://www.schneider-electric.com/cahier_technique/en/pdf/ect151.pdf (see diagram on page 14)

Yeah those look like proper horns to me!--Light current 03:49, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * In other designs, the horns form a simple spark gap across an insulator or insulator string. In this case, the arc will generally not self-extinguish, and other protective equipment (such as a cutout, circuit breaker, or fuse) must remove power in order to kill the arc. These gaps are used primariy to protect insulator strings from "follow through" arcing following a string flashover from a direct, or nearby, lightning strike. Because of their superior clamping time and self clearing capability, MOV type lightning arrestors have largely replaced arcing horns in most modern power systems. Here's an example of simple arcing horns used to protect an insulator string:

 * http://www.geocities.com/wg_12/images/Jacks7_small.jpg

Bert

The first desc. sounds like a Jacobs ladder system reling on the bouyancy of the hot gases! OK. The horns Im thinking of are simple spark gaps mounted vertically or at an angle of say 45 deg on 11kV or 33 kV to LV transformers etc as per pic on electrical engineering page. In these cases, I think you must be correct in saying that some other device must interrupt the arc. However, for transient overvoltages only, would the arc not self extinguish at the zero crossing of the wave form? (maybe). When you say follow thro- do you mean power freq follow thro?--Light current 03:37, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, once a power arc begins, the gases in the arc channel become so hot that the arc easily reignites after every zero crossing. "Follow through current" is indeed the power frequency current that follows (and continues to heat) the hot spark channel that was initially created by the over voltage transient. Unless you are able to stretch a power arc (such as via an air blast) or otherwise remove most of the heat in the channel (such as switching under oil), the arc will tend to reignite after every zero crossing and will fail to extinguish. Bert 05:43, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Yes this of course makes sense! I had my brain in neutral when asking that question!--Light current 07:07, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

This last link is not a bad picture of horns. Can we include it in the article (ie is it free of copyright?)--Light current 03:37, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

I was just looking for an example picture to answer your question. Unfortunately, I don't own the copyright for this image... Bert 05:43, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Picture
Anyone got a nice pic of arcing horns?--Light current 02:19, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arcing horns


text:
nonslip

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Having a surface designed to prevent or reduce slipping; not able to slip or be slipped upon.

Translations

 * Polish:

title: nonslip


text:
Borders Sevens Circuit

The Borders Sevens Circuit is a series of rugby sevens tournaments held annually in the Scottish Borders. Originally the circuit consisted of 5 tournaments; Langholm Sevens being the last added in 1908. It is the oldest Sevens circuit in the world; the first Sevens tournament outside Scotland - bar two single Sevens matches in Chorley, England in 1888 and 1889 - was held in the Scottish expatriate city of Dunedin in New Zealand in 1889 and there was no other Sevens tournament clusters elsewhere.

The main circuit has now grown to 11 tournaments; 10 in Scotland and 1 - the Berwick Sevens - in England.

The circuit has now extended into a league known as Kings of the Sevens. Of the extended circuit only the Walkerburn Sevens is not included in this league. The Kings of the Sevens championship is run by the Border League.

History
The original Borders Sevens Circuit consisted of the Melrose Sevens (founded 1883), Gala Sevens (1884), Hawick Sevens (1886), Jed-Forest Sevens (1894) and Langholm Sevens (1908). This was known as the Spring Circuit.

Walkerburn Sevens started in 1911. It is traditionally the last tournament of the Sevens season and is instead treated as a finale.

Other Sevens tournaments were added to the calendar after the First World War:- Selkirk Sevens (1919); Kelso Sevens (1920), Peebles Sevens (1923) and Earlston Sevens (1923). These were originally pre-season tournaments.

The last tournament added to the Borders Sevens Circuit was the Berwick Sevens in 1983.

Schedule
Traditional Sevens schedule was changed by the Scottish Rugby Union in order to allow more time for the regular rugby season. Controversially, due to the influence of former national coach Jim Telfer, Melrose RFC did not have to change its date. As of 2011, Sevens will take place on consecutive weekends in April and May. The schedule is due to change again for season 2019–20.

Invited sides
Each of the Sevens tournaments has a history of invited sides. Melrose Sevens - the World's most prestigious Sevens tournament - as it was the birthplace of the sport - notably has the most; attracting teams globally. The likes of the French Barbarians (1983); Ireland Wolfhounds (1991); Bay of Plenty (1992); Manly (1995); Hamilton RFC, Sea Point (2010) and Saracens (2012, 2013) have all won the event.

Outwith the Melrose tournament the likes of London Welsh won Hawick Sevens in 1969; London Scottish won the Kelso Sevens in 1991; Newcastle Falcons won Langholm Sevens between 2005 and 2008; the Barbarians and Harlequins entered the Gala Sevens in 1976; and Northampton Saints have won the Selkirk Sevens in 1991 and 1993.

International 7s sides
International 7s sides often take part amongst the club sides. Fiji 7s beat Canada 7s in the 1991 Gala Sevens final. Scotland 7s won the final of the Kelso Sevens in 1996 beating Kenya 7s; and Scotland 7s won the Selkirk Sevens in 1996 beating the Wales 7s side in the final. Germany 7s reached the final of the Melrose Sevens in 2015, losing out to Glasgow Warriors. The Belgium 7s reached the quarter-finals of the Melrose Sevens in 2022, losing out to the hosts.

Main circuit
The new circuit has thus been extended from the original 5 tournaments in Spring. The Borders Sevens circuit now contains 11 tournaments:-

 * Peebles Sevens
 * Gala Sevens
 * Melrose Sevens
 * Hawick Sevens
 * Berwick Sevens
 * Langholm Sevens
 * Kelso Sevens
 * Earlston Sevens
 * Selkirk Sevens
 * Jed-Forest Sevens
 * Walkerburn Sevens

Other Sevens tournaments in the Borders
Other Sevens tournaments in the Borders are:-

 * Hawick Linden Sevens
 * South of Scotland District used to run a Sevens tournament.

Kings of the Sevens
The ten most prestigious of the main circuit tournaments make up a league competition known as the Kings of the Sevens. The league began in 1994 though work is ongoing to calculate previous winners based on the format.

The ten tournaments used for the Kings of the Sevens league are:-

 * Peebles Sevens
 * Gala Sevens
 * Melrose Sevens
 * Hawick Sevens
 * Berwick Sevens
 * Langholm Sevens
 * Kelso Sevens
 * Earlston Sevens
 * Selkirk Sevens
 * Jed-Forest Sevens

The Walkerburn Sevens are instead known as the Prince of the Sevens and remain the season finale.

Format
Teams competing gain points depending on how far they progress in each tournament; the winner gains ten points, the runner up gets seven points, and semi-finalists receive five points. Teams that are eliminated at the quarter-final stage gain three points.

The Kings of the Sevens champions are thus the team that has performed the best across all ten tournaments.

Kings of the Sevens champions
• 2019 Watsonians (4)

• 2018  Watsonians (3)

• 2017  Watsonians (2)

• 2016  Jed-Forest (5)

• 2015  Gala (4)

• 2014  Melrose (8)

• 2013  Melrose (7)

• 2012  Jed-Forest (4)

• 2011  Melrose (6)

• 2010  Melrose (5)

• 2009  Watsonians (1)

• 2008  Selkirk (2)

• 2007  Selkirk (1)

• 2006  Jed-Forest (3)

• 2005  Melrose (4)

• 2004  Gala (3)

• 2003  Jed-Forest (2)

• 2002  Melrose (3)

• 2001  Jed-Forest (1)

• 2000  Melrose (2)

• 1999  Melrose (1)

• 1998  Kelso (3)

• 1997  Kelso (2)

• 1996  Kelso (1)

• 1995  Gala (2)

• 1994  Gala (1)

title: Borders Sevens Circuit


text:
2nd Delhi Assembly

The Second Legislative Assembly of Delhi was constituted in 1998 after Delhi Legislative Assembly election on 25 November 1998.

Election and government formation
Total seven national parties, eighteen state parties, fifty-five registered (unrecognized) parties and other independent candidates contested for 70 assembly seats. With 52 seats, INC emerged as the single largest party and formed with Sheila Dikshit as the Chief Minister. With 17 seats BJP was at second position and JDU with one, at third.

List of members
Default sort, in ascending order of constituency

title: 2nd Delhi Assembly


text:
Talk:Denílson (footballer, born 1988)

}}

Untitled
If he's captain of the under 20 side, why is he not in the under 20 world cup squad?

POV
Reads like a sports agent wrote this, or an arm-chair coach. Desertsky85451 00:52, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

formatting
There's about 4 "edit" tags strewn together... not sure how to fix it? Cmiych (talk) 19:47, 26 June 2009 (UTC)

Contested deletion
This page should not be speedy deleted because... --Letmein10 (talk) 16:48, 25 July 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Not moved. EdJohnston (talk) 01:26, 28 June 2013 (UTC)

– Don't know as much about the other three, but the youngest one is definitely more commonly solely by his first name. But if the youngest one was to be moved then it would make sense for the other three too match, no? "Denílson Pereira Neves" gets less than 150,000 results. Unreal7 (talk) 08:40, 8 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Denílson Pereira Neves → Denílson (footballer born 1988)
 * Denílson Custódio Machado → Denílson (footballer born 1943)
 * Denílson de Oliveira Araújo → Denílson (footballer born 1977)
 * Denilson Martins Nascimento → Denílson (footballer born 1976)
 * Question Are we planning to remove surnames from a large number of Brazilian footballers? Has this been raised with WP Football? In ictu oculi (talk) 14:16, 8 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Oppose year of birth should be a last resort for disambiguation, if there is a better way we should use it. PatGallacher (talk) 20:59, 8 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose; why do we need to add our own disambiguating suffixes, when they all have unique names already? bobrayner (talk) 17:06, 9 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose seems quite pointless to rely on artificial dabs when the players' names already provide the natural disambiguation. --  Ohc  ¡digame!¿que pasa? 06:19, 13 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Strong support per WP:COMMONNAME. Like many Brazilian footballers, these four are mononymous people. Their other names are not well known. This is the opposite of the logical moves we've been making in hockey names, where obscure middle names thrown in for disambiguating purposes are being abandoned for birth years. We have to ask ourselves whether readers will more likely know these people's surnames or birth years. For me, the names are meaningless, but I'd know that "born 1988" indicates a current player, that "born 1943" is not my guy if I'm looking up someone I just read in a match report. WP:NATURAL is all well and good except when it results in titles that don't actually help readers distinguish between articles. --BDD (talk) 05:46, 18 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose WP:COMMONNAME isn't for this. In ictu oculi (talk) 16:33, 27 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Ok, how about WP:STAGENAME then? --BDD (talk) 20:17, 27 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of association football-related page moves. --BDD (talk) 22:34, 27 June 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Denílson (footballer, born 1988)


text:
Talk:Desmond Kelly

WikiProject class rating
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External links modified (January 2018)
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:39, 20 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Desmond Kelly


text:
BC Transit Health Connections

BC Transit Health Connections or simply Health Connections are a supplementary interregional public transit bus service provided by BC Transit in various communities throughout the province of British Columbia. While, as the title implies, the scheduled services are geared towards passengers needing to reach an urban centre for health reasons, all are able to use the service if space allows.

Operations

Health connections buses are marked BC Transit buses. While they operate on a fixed schedule along a fixed route (with exceptions), no number designation is given to the buses and they are generally not listed in local transit guides, timetables or on departure boards. Like other BC Transit services, Health Connections buses are operated by a contracted operator and not by BC Transit itself. The services are funded in part by the provincial government as a complement to the Travel Assistance Program. In February 2020, BC Transit announced that no direct connection between Logan Lake and Kamloops would be maintained after that March, with all services routing direct to Merritt instead.

Service and routing
Health Connections operate within and between various transit systems already served by BC Transit, and sometimes parallel existing routes on a different schedule. Nearly all Health Connections operate on only select days or the week, while others only operate on demand. The routes are the only passenger transportation available to some major communities that are currently lacking in any form of intercity bus.

title: BC Transit Health Connections


text:
User:Todwells/Burkhard Bamberger

Burkhard Bamberger*(born 20.12.1964 in Bad Mergentheim) is a German Manager. He was the CFO at Loewe AG from 1998-2006 and Group CFO at Douglas Holding AG from 2006-2013.

Biography
Burkhard Bamberger studied Business Administration at Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg. In 1994 he did a postgraduate academic degree in business administration (Dr. rer. pol.). Continuing his studies in 1995 with a CPA (Certified Public Accountant) in Montana, USA.

Bamberger started his career as a Manager at KPMG in Frankfurt and Chicago. He worked in Corporate Finance for more than eight years and oversaw numerous Mergers&Acquisitions. In 1999 Bamberger lead the IPO of Loewe AG (SDAX) as CFO. In 2006 he took the position of Group CFO for Douglas Holding AG (MDAX). After a public-to-private buyout through Advent International, the group Douglas, Thalia, Christ,Appelrath Cüpper and Hussel was delisted. Burkhard Bamberger now teaches Corporate Finance at the International School of Management and at the European Business School. He is an advisory board member and manages financial strategic affairs at various companies. As of May 2018 he is the Non-executive director und interim CFO at Another Monday Group.

Burkhard Bamberger is married and has three sons.

Mandates
Bamberger is the Chairman of the Medardus Foundation.

From 2003 - 2006 he was a board member of the Deutsches Aktieninstitut.

Publications

 * BAMBERGER, B. (1994). Der Erfolg von Unternehmensakquisitionen in Deutschland: Eine theoretische und empirische Untersuchung. Bergisch Gladbach: Eul Verlag
 * BAMBERGER, B. (1997). Erfolgreiche Übernahme sind kein Zufall. M&A Review (9), pp. 371–375
 * BAMBERGER, B. (1999). Unternehmensbewertung in Deutschland Die zehn häufigsten Bewertungsfehler.,51(6), pp. 653–670

Weblinks

 * Bloomberg Manager profile
 * On course for expansion with top experts: RPA specialist Another Monday expands its leadership team(Another Monday Press Release 1.10.2018)

title: User:Todwells/Burkhard Bamberger


text:
Escort Cup

The Escort Cup or Escort Championships was a national club-based Australian rules football competition that was held between 1979 and 1982.

Club teams from the Victorian Football League (VFL), West Australian Football League (WAFL) and the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) competed in the competition, along with combined sides from Tasmania, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory and Queensland.

The competition is remembered as having games between teams from different states that wore the same jumper, resulting in one-off alternative or clash strips being worn, a concept that was not necessary in normal league games. The Collingwood and South Fremantle Football Clubs both wore clash strips in their respective games against Swan Districts and the Sydney Swans. They both lost a coin toss to decide who would retain their normal jumper and who would change.

In June 1982, Swan Districts sent a junior team to play Richmond in protest to the date of their semi-final match being changed without consultation. In response, they were banned from competing in the national cup competition for the next two years.

Grand Final results
Despite teams from all major leagues being involved in the competition, only teams from the Victorian Football League played in the four grand finals.

title: Escort Cup


text:
Talk:Guitar/Anatomy of a Guitar

I am new to Wikipedia so bear with me, can we mention specific brand names to illustrate a mechanical point , this is essential when discussing the design of guitars and due to common knowledge one wouldn't need to copy or plagiarise any work on the subject. If this is allowed, would a simple credit to the manufacturer suffice ?

I can't say for sure, but I think that a simple mention of manufacturers and company trademarks, when needed, would suffice.

Whoever designed the picture did a great job but in Britain the pick guard is more commonly known as the scratchplate. Could the designer change it?

--Michael Campbell 15:32, 5 January 2007 (UTC)Michael Campbell

My Interactive Guitar Guide
The - I-IV-V Know Your Guitar Guide - built to combine my love (music) with my work (web programming)...

Includes: Play Along Chord Chart, Guitar Anatomy, I-IV-V Song Builder, Metronome, One-way tuner, I-IV-V Song Samples, and instructional videos. All instructional text kept to a minimum (for minimal reading).

Some ideas on this section
I think this part of the book is actually very good but the way it is laid out and the vast amount of information may be not suitable for the beginning of this book. As the 2nd section of this book it actually is too lengthy - you want people to play the guitar not spend all their time reading about different woods. You will not find any book on playing the guitar that makes the reader wade through 5 or 6 chapters of extensive text before they come to actual exercises.

I'm going to thin out any duplicate material from this section and maybe try to improve the formatting.

After scanning through this section I must say that whoever wrote the "woods" part did an excellent job with no duplication. So I'm going to concentrate on formatting and maybe as a 2nd section it is ok in its length and my initial belief that its length would deter readers may be wrong. I am a guitarist who insists on "playing" rather than "supreme knowledge" - nothing worse than jamming with a jazz guitarist whose learnt all the chords and their usage but never followed Segovia's advice of two hours of technical exercises followed by two hours of scales (I would do an hour) to a metronome - basically I followed that advice and the first three hours of any study practice for me would be technical exercises to a metronome and then scales. I've got nothing against "string buzzers" but its not for me.

Offcourse the most important thing for any guitarist is to do what makes you happy but please don't expect congratulations for that out-of-time and string buzzing version of "Yesterday" by The Beatles that you just played. False praise is just that, "false", and is usually given by audiences to performers as a tonic for the ego that didn't care about them.

Sluffs (discuss • contribs) 13:40, 18 October 2012 (UTC)

Removed a block of text dealing with Amps
I removed the text on Amps. This section is about the "Anatomy of a Guitar" and amps and effects should go in their appropiate section. Because the part I removed is relevant to this book I've pasted it here - I'll add it to the correct section at a later date. Feel free to reverse my edit or add the section to where it belongs.

Amplifier and effects

The amplifier is absolutely necessary when playing the electric guitar. Acoustic guitars with no internal pickup may be amplified with a microphone and a specifically built acoustic amp or PA. Different amplifiers will give the same guitar a different sound and some amps are more appropriate for certain genres of music. Many amplifiers have effects built in. The most common being distortion; often called overdrive. If the amplifier has a "lead" channel then this can be turned up to produce distortion. This is possible because the pre-amplifier (pre-amp) will overdrive the amplifier's tubes or transistors therefore causing the amplification not to be linear. The more the tubes and transistors are driven, the greater the distortion.

Turning up the pre-amplifier will increase the volume. To compensate amps also have a "gain" knob which can be turned down to reduce the volume after overdrive. Overdriving an amp can result in sounds loud enough to cause damage especially blown speakers. This can happen to small 25w amps as well as large rigs. If you have just bought an amp or have use of unfamiliar equipment then always turn down the gain when plugging in and slowly and carefully adjust to the appropriate level. Distortion can also be provided by effects pedals. Other on-board effects you may find on an amp are chorus, reverb, wah-wah, compression and delay.

Sluffs (discuss • contribs) 17:53, 18 October 2012 (UTC)

String length and the octave in the Fretboard section
I've added a bit about frequency. Though I've described the action of producing the octave as "halving" the string; in reality its a doubling of the frequency of vibrations.

I'm not too sure if its useful to the paragraph but I'll leave as is. If for any reason you think that it shouldn't be included (esp. since it is a "side note") or that it can be explained better or placed elsewhere; then go ahead and edit the paragraph as you see fit.

Sluffs (discuss • contribs) 01:24, 23 October 2012 (UTC)

Material removed from Tremolo section to be placed in a new section at a later date.
This is the material I removed. I felt as though it was quite advanced in some descriptions. I've placed it here for later integration into the book. Feel free to revert my edits or to paste this material into a new chapter.

Removed

The only way to rarely go out of tune is to either use the Floyd Rose tremolo or a hardtail (no tremolo). If you prefer to ease of setup while staying in tune with a tremolo, you can also try Yamaha's "finger clamp" locking tremolo, which requires no tools when setting up, or use locking tuners and roller nuts, as in Fender's locking tremolo.

A hardtail (no tremolo) bridge is great at staying in tune. However, it also has additional benefits, in that it also improved sound and sustain. The fixed bridge also makes it easier to perform string bends, and gives an altogether warmer and rounder sound than one with tremolo.

Despite such simple concept, there are at least three versions of ending the string:
 * 1) The first kind is the stop bar method, used from cheap budget types to expensive archtop and PRS guitars, where a stop bar that's mounted on top of the body holds the string's end. Sometimes it is also integrated to the bridge.
 * 2) The second kind is known as thru-body, where the string goes into the body; this enhanced sustain, but typically more expensive. the bridge, however, is a separate piece of hardware. Example would be Gibson's tune-o-matic. Despite this, strings still slide over the nut and saddles when playing/bending strings, just not as much as they do on a normal synchronized tremolo.
 * 3) The third kind of tail bridge is the fixed locking bridge, based upon the Floyd Rose tremolo except it is fixed; in this configuration, the string is clamped down, which ensure the string is stay in tune. Due to the fact that it's a fixed bridge, there are no spring cavity in the back; instead, the bridge is more or less mounted directly above the tail piece, which is usually thru-body. This is the best method to stay in tune. Currently, only Ibanez makes fixed locking bridge.

Sluffs (discuss • contribs) 14:03, 26 October 2012 (UTC)

Set thru neck material removed - to be placed in different section
I've removed this material. It is relevant but I thought it didn't allow the article to end smoothly - it read like a "variation" (which it is) on the other main ways of attaching a neck. Will add it to a newly created section maybe "Advanced Topics" or "Advanced Variations, Customizing and Features".

Removed text

Set through can be seen as a modification of a thru-body neck, which is done by the following The result is usually told to have combined advantages of all these methods, mostly eliminating their disadvantages. Luthiers frequently cite: The main disadvantage is a relatively complex construction method that leads to higher manufacturing and servicing costs. Another cited disadvantage is the inability or difficulty of adding a double-locking tremolo to the guitar, as the routing for cavities would interfere with deeply set neck.
 * A pocket in the instrument's body for insertion of neck, as in bolt-on method. However, the pocket is much deeper than usual one.
 * Long neck plank, comparable to the scale length, as in the neck-through method.
 * Glueing (setting) the long neck inside the deep pocket, as in the set-in method.
 * improved tone and sustain (due to deep insertion and body made of single piece of wood, not laminated as in neck-through),
 * "warmer" tone (due to set joint)
 * comfortable access to top frets (due to lack of hard heel and bolt plate),
 * better wood stability.

Sluffs (discuss • contribs) 00:05, 27 October 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Guitar/Anatomy of a Guitar


text:
Talk:Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception (Denver)

External links modified
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 * Statue of John Paul II in Denver, CO IMG 5607.JPG


text:
Fortran/History

Origins
Fortran was created by a team lead by John Backus at IBM in 1957. Originally, the name was written in all capital letters, but current standards and implementations only require the first letter to be capital. The name Fortran stands for FORmula TRANslator. Initially it was specifically aimed at scientific calculations and thereby had very limited support for working with character strings and lacked other provisions important for a general purpose programming language, which it will attain later during its extensive development that ensued after its successful debut. Until the C language became popular, Fortran had been one of the few high level languages with a reasonable degree of portability between different computer systems. Several websites indicate that the work on Fortran was started in 1954 and released commercially in 1957. It is believed that the first successful compilation of a small Fortran program took place on September 20, 1954.

Fortran Versions

There have been several versions of Fortran. FORTRAN I, II, III and IV are considered obsolete and contained many machine-dependent features. FORTRAN 66 was the first standardized version and was released in 1966. All later versions of Fortran are numbered after the year the standard was released. The versions of Fortran most commonly remaining in use are FORTRAN 77, Fortran 90 and later.

In FORTRAN II,  statements had the form:. It also had an odd type of string literal, called Hollerith literals (after the inventor of the keypunch and IBM). Where today one might code 'hello', FORTRAN II used 5Hhello. However, there was no string variable type.

FORTRAN IV added the /  concept, the concept of logical expressions, with operators .AND., .OR., .EQ., .NE., et cetera. Complex numbers as a basic type were also added.

FORTRAN 77 added strings as a distinct type.

Fortran 90 added various sorts of threading, and direct array processing.

Fortran 2003 added object orientated features, derived types, language interoperability with C, data manipulation and many I/O enhancements.

Fortran 2008 added coarrays and parallelism and submodules.

Fortran 2018 added even more C interoperability and parallelism features.

Although Fortran became a standardized language early, many companies had their own extensions to it. Strangely, IBM and DEC had virtually the same set of extensions.

Differences between versions

 * FORTRAN 66 comments are denoted by the  character in column 1, while FORTRAN 77 comments may also use   in column 1 instead. Fortran 90 also allows the use of   character.
 * FORTRAN 77 symbolic names are limited to 6 character lengths, while Fortran 90 allows names up to 31 characters long.
 * FORTRAN 77 files need 6 spaces before words begin, while Fortran 90 doesn't (as it uses the free-form code style.)

title: Fortran/History


text:
Hafeez Manji

Hafeez Manji (born 3 December 1987) is a former Kenyan cricketer whose single list-A appearance for the Kenyan national side came in October 2003, when he was aged 15.

Born in Nairobi, Manji represented Kenya in the 2002 East Africa Under-17 Championship. He went to make his debut for the Kenya under-19s in October 2003, at the 2003 Africa/EAP Under-19 Championship in Namibia. Against Fiji in the opening match of the tournament, he scored a century, 127 runs, with half-centuries from Malhar Patel (76) and Ashish Karia (57) helping Kenya to a total of 356/9 from its 50 overs, and an eventual 320-run victory as Rajesh Bhudia (5/10) and Hiren Varaiya (3/6) bowled Fiji out for 36. With subsequent innings of 44 not out against Namibia and 24 not out against Tanzania, Manji finished the tournament with 195 runs from three innings at an average of 195.00, behind only teammate Malhar Patel (250) and Ugandan Emmanuel Isaneez (197) in runs scored.

Later in October 2003, Sri Lanka A toured Kenya on its return from a series against South Africa A, playing five one-day matches. Manji, then aged 15, was selected for the final match of the tour, played at the Sir Ali Muslim Club Ground in Nairobi. Also a right-arm fast-medium bowler, he did not bowl at all in the match, but did score three not out coming in ninth in the batting order, as Kenya lost by 18 runs. Manji again played for the Kenyan under-19s at the 2005 Africa/EAP Championship, with his 179 runs the best by a Kenyan batsman. In the third-place playoff against Papua New Guinea, he scored 97 from 116 balls, which following an earlier innings of 64 not out against Nigeria. In that match, he was also used as Kenya's wicket-keeper, taking four catches and effecting two stumpings.

Before that under-19s tournament, Manji had been named in an initial 31-man Kenyan squad for a 2005 Intercontinental Cup match against Namibia, without making the final team. However, in March 2006, he was selected in the Kenya A squad for a one-off match against the Netherlands, which came before a Kenya–Netherlands Intercontinental Cup match. The 50-over game was played at Nairobi's Gymkhana Club Ground. Coming in fourth in Kenya's only innings, Manji made nine runs before being caught by Tom de Grooth off of Darron Reekers. That was his last recorded appearance for a Kenyan representative side, but in February 2013 he did play for a "DTB Titans" team in the Cricket Wars tournament, which Cricket Kenya had refused to sanction.

title: Hafeez Manji


text:
User:Hillgentleman/study1

We study the complexity of Wikiversity.

Purpose
To see if Wikiversity content is well-organised and easy to use.

Method
We ask a number of scholars, with varying experience in wikiversity and wikimedia in general, to participate in a game of treasure hunt. We set a number of tasks that each participant should fulfill, using resources within Wikiversity. We ask every participant to comment on the time and number of links required, and whether there was any confusion in the organisation of the content.

Questions
0. What is the time now? 1/2 How many schools are there in wikiversity? How do you know? 1. Find a school in your field of interest and sign up. Join a topic or start a new one if you cannot find one that interests you.

2. What is a custodian? Name a custodian.

3. What do we discuss in Colloquium?

2. How long is the Planck length?

3. Write down Schroedinger's equation.

4. What is the first line of <>?

5. Who were awarded The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2006?

6. What is a pottery knife for?

7. What is the opening sentence of Sun Tzu's <>?

8. Who wrote <>?

9. What does VB6 stand for?

4. What is a template? What is its name in French? What is its name in German?

7. What is peer review?

6. Describe Wikiversity in a sentence. 7. Can you host your research project here?

11. How did  the Hezbollah learn about the Israeli troop movements during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict?

10. Sign your name here.

title: User:Hillgentleman/study1


text:
User:Ram bhakt GAURAV

Ram bhakt GAURAV (Gaurav PANDEY) Born:30/11/2000 Religious: Hindu Work: fighting for hindusim Facebook:ram bhakt GAURAV Instagram:ram bhakt GAURAV (Gaurav PANDEY)

title: User:Ram bhakt GAURAV


text:
frugare

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to search, fumble
 * 2)  to search or rummage around (in); to poke around

title: frugare


text:
1937 Iranian legislative election

The elections for the eleventh Majlis were held during the spring and summer of 1937 and all deputies were elected to the parliament.

Like many other elections under the rule of Reza Shah, the election was "systematically controlled by the royal court". Well-known and important figures of ulama failed to win even a single seat in the elections.

title: 1937 Iranian legislative election


text:
Western green mamba

The western green mamba (Dendroaspis viridis) is a long, thin, and highly venomous snake species of the mamba genus, Dendroaspis. This species was first described in 1844 by American herpetologist Edward Hallowell. The western green mamba is a fairly large and predominantly arboreal species, capable of navigating through trees swiftly and gracefully. It will also descend to ground level to pursue prey such as rodents and other small mammals.

The western green mamba is a shy and agile snake that lives mainly in the coastal tropical rainforest, thicket, and woodland regions of western Africa. Its venom is a highly potent mixture of rapid-acting presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxins (dendrotoxins), cardiotoxins and fasciculins. Some consider this species not to be a particularly aggressive snake, but others have suggested that they are extremely nervous and are prone to attack aggressively when cornered. Conflict with humans is low compared to some other species found in the region. Bites to people by this species are quite uncommon. Their mortality rate, however, is high; many of the recorded bites have been fatal. Rapid progression of severe, life-threatening symptoms are hallmarks of mamba bites. Bites with envenomation can be rapidly fatal.

Taxonomy
The western green mamba was first described by the American herpetologist and physician Edward Hallowell in 1844 as Leptophis viridis, from a specimen collected in Liberia. The specific name viridis is the Latin adjective "green". In 1852, Hallowell described Dinophis hammondii from two specimens of western green mambas collected in Liberia, naming it for his friend Ogden Hammond of South Carolina. These were later deemed by Belgian-British zoologist George Albert Boulenger to be the same species.

The genus was misspelt as Dendraspis by Dumeril in 1856, and generally uncorrected by subsequent authors. In 1936, Dutch herpetologist Leo Brongersma pointed the correct spelling was Dendroaspis. Analysis of the components of the venom of all mambas places the western green mamba as sister species to Jameson's mamba. In addition to being called the western green mamba, this species is also commonly known as the West African green mamba, and formerly Hallowell's green mamba.

Analysis of the components of the venom of all mambas places the western green mamba sister to Jameson's mamba (Dendroapsis j. jamesoni and j. kaimosae), as shown in the cladogram below.

Description
The western green mamba has a long and slender body with a long tapering tail. The average length of an adult is between 1.4 m and 2.1 m, with large approaching 2.4 m long. The long thin head has a distinct canthus above the medium-sized eyes, which have round pupils and yellowish brown irises. When threatened or otherwise aroused, the western green mamba is capable of flattening its neck area into a slight hood. The snake is bright green fading to yellow or orange towards the tail. Its scales have prominent black margins, giving the species a networked pattern.

The western green mamba can be mistaken for similar species such as green bushsnakes of the genus Philothamnus or the boomslang (Dispholidus typus).

Scalation
The number and pattern of scales on a snake's body are a key element of identification to species level. The western green mamba has 13 rows of long and thin dorsal scales at midbody, fewer than any similar species. Each is double the length of the ventral scales. There are 211 to 225 ventral scales, 105 to 128 divided subcaudal scales, and a divided anal scale. Its mouth is lined with 7 to 9 supralabial scales above, the fourth and sometimes fifth one located under the eye, and 9–10 sublabial scales below.

Distribution and habitat
The western green mamba is native to West Africa from Gambia and southern Senegal to Benin, including the intervening countries (from west to east) Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Ghana, and Togo. It is common in Togo, found as far north as the Alédjo Wildlife Reserve, though may theoretically be found in Sarakawa and Djamdé forests in the Kara Region. Records from Nigeria are dubious, and reports from the Central African Republic are more likely to be misidentification of Jameson's mamba.

Western green mambas live mainly in the coastal tropical rainforest, thicket, and woodland regions of western Africa. The majority of records of the western green mamba are from within the continuous forest, but the Gambia and Guinea-Bissau records are from isolated forests. The species persists in areas where the tree cover has been removed, providing that sufficient hedges and thicket remain. Found in some suitably vegetated suburbs and towns and parklands therein. It is largely confined to areas where rainfall exceeds 1,500 mm. In Togo, however, its range extends into the drier open forests of the north, the Guinean savannas of the west, and the littoral zone.

Conservation status
This species is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (v3.1, 2011). The conservation status of this species was last assessed in July 2012 and published in 2013, and it was classed as such due to a wide distribution, fairly generalist habits, stable population and the lack of major threats. However, its habitat and population is highly fragmented. Despite not being listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the western green mamba is collected and sold internationally, and is one of the more expensive African snake species.

Behaviour and ecology
Mostly diurnal, the western green mamba spends most of its time in the forest canopy, at times at considerable height, though on occasion commonly go to the ground. When it wants to sleep it seeks out tree branches that offer dense cover. It generally retreats if encountered. The oldest recorded western green mamba was a captive specimen that lived 18.7 years.

Breeding
The species lays a clutch of 6 to 14 eggs.

Diet and predators
The western green mamba generally hunts in trees though can also hunt on the ground. It preys on birds and small mammals, including rodents and squirrels.

Venom
The western green mamba is classified as a snake of medical importance in western SubSaharan Africa by the World Health Organization, although bites from this species are rare as it is rarely encountered. When bitten, symptoms rapidly begin to manifest, usually within the first 15 minutes or less. The extraordinary speed with which the venom spreads through tissue and produces rapid manifestations of life-threatening symptoms is unique to mambas. Common symptoms of a bite from a western green mamba include local pain and swelling, although uncommon, local necrosis can be moderate, ataxia, headache, drowsiness, difficulty breathing, vertigo, hypotension (low blood pressure), diarrhea, dizziness, and paralysis. Left untreated, new and more severe symptoms rapidly progress. All symptoms worsen and the victim eventually dies due to suffocation resulting from paralysis of the respiratory muscles. Bites with envenomation can be rapidly fatal, which can be possible in 30 minutes.

Similar to the venom of most other mambas, the western green mamba's contains predominantly three-finger toxin agents. The exception is the black mamba, whose venom lacks the potent alpha-neurotoxin as well. It is thought this may reflect the species' preferred prey—small mammals for the mainly land-dwelling black mamba, versus birds for the other predominantly arboreal mambas. Unlike that of many snake species, the venom of mambas has little phospholipase A2. Overall, the venom of the western green mamba is more potent than that of the eastern green mamba, similar or slightly less potent than that of Jameson's mamba, and much less potent than that of the black mamba.

The venom consists mainly of both pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurotoxins, cardiotoxins, and fasciculins. The toxicity of the venom can vary tremendously depending on various factors including diet, geographical location, age-dependent change, and other factors. The SC and IV for this species is 0.79 mg/kg and 0.71 mg/kg, respectively (Christensen and Anderson (1967)). One study determined the LD50 of the venom administered to mice via the intraperitoneal (IP) route was 0.33 mg/kg. In another test using mice that were administered the western green mamba's venom via the intraperitoneal (IP) route the LD50 was 0.045 mg/kg. Another experimental IV LD50 toxicity of 0.5 mg/kg has been reported, with an average wet venom yield of 100 mg. Like other mamba species, western green mamba venom is among the most rapid-acting venom of snakes.

Treatment
The speed of onset of envenomation means that urgent medical attention is needed. Standard first aid treatment for any bite from a suspectedly venomous snake is the application of a pressure bandage, minimisation of the victim's movement, and rapid conveyance to a hospital or clinic. Due to the neurotoxic nature of green mamba venom, an arterial tourniquet may be beneficial. Tetanus toxoid is sometimes administered, though the main treatment is the administration of the appropriate antivenom.

title: Western green mamba


text:
Talk:Spanish/The Wrong Way To Learn Spanish

I have archived the previous discussion Talk:The Wrong Way To Learn Spanish/Archive.

Lost text?
Is the "We seem to have lost some text" message referring to the text from this revision? --haginძaz 00:20, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned module
Do you need Part 2 - WWTS? Link to it from this book, or mark it for deletion by typing on that page if you don't need it. --haginძaz 00:20, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

The answers are next to the excercises ( on same line! )
Hola,

Just a quick comment.

Throughout this page there are excercises.

At the bottom of the page are the answers. BUT also on the same line as each question is the answer.

If we are truley trying to teach, and are asking questions, should we not remove the answers that live on the line as the question? Afterall, the user can check at the bottom of the page their answer anyway.. So having it next to the question, means they cannot answer it, as they've already read the answer!

Just a thought..

Chanti

Hooked on Mnemonics
I'm taking first-year Spanish, I've made up mnemonics for the chapter we're now learning. You can download it from http://www.casafuturatech.com/Personal/MnemonicsCh6.doc, feel free to add them to this Wikibook. I'll try to make up these sheets for the other chapters we've learned (those mnemonics are now scribbled in the margins of my textbook).--Thomas David Kehoe 02:08, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

Suggestion of merging in Spanish
Both books have the same topic and the same purpose. I do not find any incompatibility between them. Akhram (talk) 11:27, 25 April 2008 (UTC). === We should not merge these two books as both have some different style of approach to their purpose. This book has a more indivualistic and a Maverick style so it should not be merged with the other book on learning Spanish. Because it has its own charm and the other one has its own charm

Guinea pigs/commenters
If you offer your opinion or make yourself a guinea pig for the method, credit yourself here.

?: �Hola! �Consider me a guinea pig! -KKS

?: Orale mi raza, I am a student as well as a teacher! Hope this page will continue to grow. Viva espana!

?: I want this page to grow. Somebody teach me spanish!!! Come on...  - Peter Pawan, Noob.

?: ¡El español es fresco! Great page! I now have an weird image of Zorro the fox taking of with some chicas stuck in my head. Good work!

?: Keep working on this, please. Thx for doing it. - trent, guinea pig

?: I think that the best way to learn Spanish is to first read the Spansh alphabet and their pronunciation. But there is no need to learn too much about how the vowels sound and what are the exceptions to the rules etc. The next step is to download a nice interesting book in english that you have already read. Copy one sentence at a time from the english book and put it in google's language translator .(Google language translator page as retrieved on September 30, 2009) Now you can easily analyse each and every word and each and every phrase since you already know the words of that English book. This will seem to take time but it will give you solid foundation in Spanish. Because i am from India and have just started to learn Spanish a few days ago. This method seems to work for me. Earlier i tried reading the Spanish grammar books and reading elementary Spanish reading books which have stories for children or tried to copy the sentences from blogs of common Spanish people and tried to translate those sentences through google's language translator but the problem with this was that i couldnt find any blogs which were either too plain and boring or if they were interesting then they were too short and didn't form any coherent story. The elementary Spanish stories also proved to be too uninetersting. The problem with grammar books was that till the time i would learn the 11th rule i would forget the 1st rule in Spanish grammar. So i feel translating ineteresting English stories or blogs or news reports in google's language translator is the best method for Español newbies like me. after i have analysed one or two books i will download a grammar book from gutenberg website (Project Gutenberg page as retrieved on September 30, 2009) and learn the Spanish grammar so as to make my foundation even stronger.

?: One method I found effective was buying the same book in English and Spanish. Compare the two version and have a translator handy for word translations. One reason I wouldn't suggest getting an e-book and translating it all to Spanish is that Google Translate tends to have too many errors with full sentences/paragraphs. If you do need to translate full sentences I'd suggest the paralink translator which I've noticed to be more accurate than Google at times.

?: Thanks to the contributers for a great reference. Just a note on lesson 5. It is suggested that: "The dress for girl words is "la." (Yes, very feminine sounding.)" 'Dress' is a masculine word in Spanish (vestido) so could be slightly confusing!

Moved to talk as possible POV/OR. Kayau (talk | email | contribs) 11:20, 7 October 2010 (UTC)

This is terrible
As little reference should be made to the learner's language unless there is some cause to call attention to something in the learner's native language. If anything I would start with Spanish nouns under pictures -- el perro a la playa under a picture of a dog at the beach explains far more than does someone trying to find a few English words to suggest ways in which to remember that "el perro" is a dog.


text:
Votel

Votel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Andy Votel, English electronic musician
 * Joseph Votel (born 1958), United States Army general

title: Votel


text:
Talk:David Gelernter

Science and technology advisor
So, was he appointed as Trump's advisor or not? --Историк2010 (talk) 00:10, 16 August 2017 (UTC)

He wasn’t. Trump left the position vacant for a long time and finally nominated Kelvin Droegemeier. ←Hob 04:30, 23 October 2018 (UTC)

Conservative Anti-Intellectualism
"America progressed smoothly from Presidents George Washington through Dwight D. Eisenhower, but went to hell in the 1960s and has yet to recover. Radicals have taken over the universities and spread their poison. That is the gist of David Gelernter's book ... Patriotism and families once flourished, Gelernter argues, and then patriotism disintegrated into bitterness, and the nuclear family crumbled ... There was a time when those elite schools were run by a benign establishment, generally white Anglo-Saxon Protestants, who saw their role as civilizing and uplifting. But the WASP's were knocked out by what Gelernter calls PORGI's, "post-religious, globalist intellectuals," who took over and indoctrinated the students."

 * Dreaming of a World With No Intellectuals, chronicle.com, July 16, 2012. Nemissimo (talk) 18:16, 20 July 2012 (UTC)

isn't that more like anti-indoctrination, rather than anti-intellectualism? isn't it a bit rich to call a yale compsci prof "anti-intellectual?"

 * Isn't that complaint more than a bit foolish when the title is "Dreaming of a World With No Intellectuals"? Gelernter rails against "intellectualism". If you find that odd, complain to him. And to call Gelernter's position "anti-indoctrination" is about as POV as one can get. Of this is all moot since it's a quote, but you would have to have an IQ above room temperature to grasp that. -- Jibal (talk) 05:10, 25 July 2018 (UTC)

I think the reviewer's position is that to equate teaching with indoctrination is inherently anti-intellectual, and that it is hypocritical for a professional intellectual/professor to make such an argument.

 * That could be, but it's beside the point because Gelernter himself explicitly rails against "intellectualism". Anyway, it doesn't matter what any of us think. -- Jibal (talk) 05:10, 25 July 2018 (UTC)

Reads like an advert in places.
See above. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:10, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

Moving Mirror Worlds ' content into the main company article
There is too much elaboration on the company and the activities within that, here in a BLP. It would seem proper to move the same into the main article instead. Devopam (talk) 10:30, 13 July 2016 (UTC)

Why did the Unabomber choose Gelernter?
The article notes that Gelernter was targeted by the Unabomber, but doesn't state why he was targeted. Why was Gelernter targeted? Even if Kaczynski had a lousy explantion, what was it? If it was, say, because Kaczynski was against the use of computers, then also, how did Kaczynski settle on Gelernter, of all computer programmers? It would be nice to have it in the article. Thanks in advance to anybody who knows.Betathetapi545 (talk) 08:12, 11 November 2017 (UTC)

 * While part of it was the fact that Gelertner was a computer programmer and "advancing the course of technology in the world," the main cause was the book he published two years prior to the bombing titled Mirror Worlds, which the NYT praised as written in the article. It's not known how Kaczynski came across the book, but it is certainly what made Gelernter a target and put him on the Unabomber's radar. In a letter Kaczynski criticized Gelernter's overly positive view of the development of the World Wide Web and wrote that advancements "are inevitable only because techno-nerds like you make them inevitable. If there were no computer scientists there would be no progress in computer science." Thus, he targeted Gelertner because he saw him as an actor in advancing computer science who predicted continued expansion of computer technology. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:00, 10 May 2021 (UTC)

Anti-Darwin pseudoscience
I guess it may be relevant that Gelernter has fallen for Stephen Meyer's pseudoscientific ideas. But shouldn't we use secondary sources instead of linking Gelernter's own misleading comments embracing Intelligent Design fallacies? Here is what Jerry Coyne wrote about the subject. Rather than the biology-illiterate layman Gelernter's writings, we should use what an actual expert writes on the subject. Or, if that is not good enough, we should apply WP:FRINGE and not mention the subject. --Hob Gadling (talk) 15:23, 29 May 2019 (UTC)

 * Some IP inserted a direct quote from Gelernter:
 * "According to Gelernter, "The origin of species is exactly what Darwin cannot explain", though Gelernter maintains that he has no dispute with Darwin's model for natural selection, only with the neo-Darwinist computational model for the creation of new proteins: "...of all 150-link amino acid sequences, 1 in 10^74 will be capable of folding into a stable protein [required for a new mutation]."
 * says about that, correctly, "Sigh. These statistics are based on a willful misunderstanding of basic biochemistry." Other biologists say the same (because it is obvious to anybody who understands who evolution works).
 * Wikipedia should not promote fringe theories like that. See WP:FRINGE. I will remove that crap now. --Hob Gadling (talk) 07:32, 25 December 2019 (UTC)

Yale Daily News is not an authority on climate science or on consensus in climate science
"His view on climate change is out of step with the overwhelming scientific consensus.[26]"

While the statement may be true, the citation for it is not appropriate. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Blicher (talk • contribs) 22:22, 3 January 2022 (UTC)
 * News sources are not good enough for claims that contradict a scientific consensus. But when they support it, they are. You cannot expect scientists to respond to every nincompoop who disagrees with them, so you will typically not find any scientific sources for use in articles about those nincompoops. --Hob Gadling (talk) 23:56, 3 January 2022 (UTC)
 * And how is it determined whether a claim "contradicts" or "supports" the scientific consensus? Your personal opinion? That doesn't fly on Wikipedia. The reference should be replaced. 2001:569:7F63:5900:CD96:116C:64BC:9577 (talk) 08:59, 11 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Read Scientific consensus on climate change and WP:NOTDUMB. --Hob Gadling (talk) 11:57, 11 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Gelernter


text:
Cottage Grove Avenue Presbyterian Church

Cottage Grove Avenue Presbyterian Church is a historic building located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

History
The congregation began in 1888 as Sixth Presbyterian Church and became Cottage Grove Avenue Presbyterian in 1910. They originally worshiped in tents and in a commercial building near the location of the present building. A brick, Gothic Revival church building was completed on this property in 1893. It was destroyed two years later in a fire caused by lightning. A new brick church was completed at the same location in 1903. Structural flaws in the building were diagnosed ten years later. The congregation maintained the Sunday School wing and replaced the sanctuary in 1918.

Waterloo, Iowa architect Clinton P. Shockley designed the 1918 sanctuary in the Neoclassical style. It was built by Des Moines contractor B. F. Segner. The building is a trapezoid, matching its lot, and features a veneer of Bedford stone and a flat roof. The south and east elevations feature five bays separated by four pilasters. A semi-circular niche is located in the southeast elevation. On the same elevation the maxim, "Ye Shall Know the Truth and the Truth Shall Make You Free" is cut into the limestone frieze. A veneer of stone was applied to the south elevation of the Sunday School wing, with its original painted brick on the other elevations.

At about the same time as the present sanctuary was built, the congregation began to take on the Progressive ideals of social reform and community service. The congregation's name change suggests its commitment to the neighborhood, and the new sanctuary does not have any traditional church embellishments on the exterior, but that of a home. The maxim etched into the southeast elevation stresses moral rectitude rather than Christian theology. During the pastorates of the Revs. William Burton Sanford and James Thompson Mordy the congregation took on the issues of restricted residential zoning in the area, the Negro Community Center, and youth programs. During the 1960s and the 1970s, the development of Interstate 235 to the south cut through the neighborhood, and the congregation found itself as an inner-city church. That provided it with opportunities for more community service.

At the same time the congregation began to lose membership, and in 2014 it decided to disband. The Presbytery of Des Moines now owns the building. They will continue to use the building for their offices, for a social outreach ministry to the areas homeless, and two Sudanese congregations, whose members emigrated to this country after civil wars in Sudan and South Sudan.


text:
Cookbook:Six Layer Casserole

| Meat Recipes | Midwestern U.S. cuisine

Six layer casserole is a great recipe for when friends are visiting. The preparation can all be done hours in advance.

Ingredients

 * 2 cups diced potatoes
 * 1 cup carrots diced
 * ½ cup diced onion
 * ½ cup raw rice
 * 1 lb ground beef
 * 10 oz canned tomato soup (you may also use homemade tomato sauce)
 * 2 cups water
 * salt and pepper

Procedure

 * 1) Spread layers of raw vegetables and rice in a 9x9-inch baking dish in the order mentioned above and crumble raw hamburger on the top.
 * 2) Mix the soup and water and pour over all.
 * 3) Add salt and pepper on top.
 * 4) Bake about 1.5–2 hours at 350°F.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * After dishing some of the casserole to your plate, spread ketchup over the top. It may sound odd but it tastes great.
 * If you double the recipe, use a tall 9x13-inch baking dish and bake it a little longer.

title: Cookbook:Six Layer Casserole


text:
Cookbook:Egg

Bird and fish eggs are common food sources. This chapter discusses bird eggs only—for fish eggs, see roe.

Composition
For the purposes of cooking, chicken and other bird eggs consist of the following major parts; all but the shell are edible:

 * Shell: hard outer covering consisting largely of calcium carbonate
 * Membrane: thin, flexible layer between the shell and the white
 * White: clear, viscous fluid consisting primarily of albumen protein and water
 * Yolk: yellow center, consisting of fats and proteins
 * Chalaza: fibrous white cord connecting the yolk to the shell

Shell
The shell is the hard outer layer of a poultry egg, made primarily of calcium carbonate. Its primary function is to keep the egg safe, preventing foreign material and contaminants from getting inside. It does, however, contain minuscule pores that allow gases and other tiny molecules to permeate. The most common colors are white and brown, though specialty chicken eggs may be blue or have speckles. The color of the eggshell has no bearing on nutritional content or other properties of the egg.

White
After the shell, the next major component of the egg is the white, also called albumen, which consists primarily of water and protein. Unlike the egg yolk, it contains little fat. The white makes up about 67% of the de-shelled chicken egg, and it is further subdivided into the thin white and the thick white, as well as the chalazae. The thin white is thinner and more watery, while the thick white surrounds the yolk and is firmer. The chalazae are harmless strands that hold the yolk in place and degrade with age.

Of the many proteins in the white, ovalbumin is the main constituent. The major proteins found in egg white (> 1% of the total protein content) are listed below:

 * Ovalbumin 54%
 * Conalbumin 13%
 * Ovomucoid 11%
 * Lysozyme 3.5%
 * Globulins (G2, G3) 8.0% (?)
 * Ovomucin 1.5%

Yolk
In the center of the egg white is the round, yellow yolk, which is about 33% of the de-shelled chicken egg. Like the white, it has a substantial protein content (~15–16%). However, unlike the white, it contains a significant proportion of fats (~32–35%). The intensity of the yolk color and flavor depend primarily on the diet of the laying bird —foods like marigold, alfalfa, and yellow corn contain more yellow-orange pigments and will therefore give a more intense color to the yolk. This color is generally not reflective of egg quality, though some may prefer a more intense coloration. The yolk may sometimes have a spot of blood on it—this is harmless.

One important constituent of the yolk is lecithin, an emulsifier that helps blend together fats and water —this emulsifying quality contributes to eggs some of their most useful properties. Heating egg yolk for an extended period can cause it to develop a greenish-grey color as a result of the reaction between iron in the yolk and sulfur in the white. This is harmless but sometimes unappealing. Sulfur also contributes a distinctly "eggy" flavor, which gets stronger with egg age and heating.

Coagulation
All proteins, including those in egg white, are made of long chains of amino acids which. In a raw egg, these strings are raveled up in a tangled compact mass. As an egg is heated, the heat causes the bonds within the proteins to break, a process called denaturation. As these proteins strings unfold and entangle with other proteins, new bonds form between them, causing the coagulation and set texture in a cooked egg. Overheating the egg for too long a period causes the protein network to overly contract, which ends up squeezing out moisture instead of trapping it—thus, overcooked eggs are dry and rubbery. Additionally, it's important to note that when heated too quickly, the egg proteins don't properly unravel, so they make a weaker thickener. Gentle and slow heating thereby improves the thickening capacity of the egg.

Because of their different components, the egg white and yolk set at different temperatures. The following table shows the temperatures at which different egg components denature and coagulate: By combining the eggs with other ingredients, it becomes possible to modulate the temperature of coagulation. Simple dilution raises the required temperature by physically separating the egg proteins. Sugar, starch, and fat also interfere with the proteins' ability to unravel and reconnect, so adding these also raises the coagulation temperature. Conversely, adding acid to the mixture tends to speed up the protein denaturation, which lowers the temperature of coagulation.

The texture of cooked egg can also be modulated by physical disturbance. Regular stirring of an egg mixture while heating breaks up the mixture somewhat, which prevents it from solidifying into one large mass. This is why stirring a custard or an omelet gives it a softer texture than letting it cook undisturbed.

Aging
As a whole egg ages in its shell, a number of changes take place, most of which are caused by the pores in the shell. First, over time, carbon dioxide dissolved in the egg diffuses out through the shell; this has the effect of making the egg more alkaline over time, and the egg becomes thinner and flatter. In addition to carbon dioxide, moisture also escapes through the pores as the egg ages, and the incoming air expands the air pocket inside the egg. Thus, older eggs will increasingly float in water.

Species
All birds lay eggs, and several domesticated birds regularly lay unfertilized eggs, which we use as food. For example, duck, goose, quail, turkey, and ostrich eggs (the largest edible bird eggs in the world) are all eaten, each with their own particular characteristics. However, the most commonly used egg by far is the chicken egg, and the term "egg" without any other qualifiers will refer to chicken eggs in this Cookbook and elsewhere.

Processing
While whole, fresh eggs are the standard, a variety of processed "egg products" are available for purchase. In-shell heat-treated eggs are available to reduce the risk from eating undercooked eggs, though these are not suitable for foaming. Raw eggs can also be pre-shelled and sold as liquid or frozen eggs, yolks, or whites. They can also be dried and powdered, after which stabilizers may be added to help them whip better.

Sizing
Many countries have a standardized sizing system for chicken eggs, though the terminology used by each system is different and may not agree with the others. So, for normal recipes, it is best to avoid specifying egg size. In general, most recipes use "standard" eggs unless otherwise specified, which correspond to USDA size large and EU size M; these standard eggs tend to weigh about 50–60 g each out of shell.

EU weight standard
EU eggs are specified as per-egg weight ranges, plus a per-100 minimum.

USDA weight standard
USDA eggs are specified as the minimum weight of a dozen.

Selection and storage
Eggs are most often procured whole, in their shells. When purchasing, inspect the eggs for any cracks in the shells. Do not purchase or use any cracked eggs, as they are easily contaminated.

Keeping
Eggs can "go bad" in two primary ways. The first is spoilage caused by microbial contamination, which results in a bad odor and can cause food poisoning. You can easily detect this kind of spoilage by smell. The second way is a side effect of simple aging, where the egg simply degrades in quality and dries out —this does not necessarily pose any danger, but it is reflective of lower quality. A simple method for testing if eggs have gone bad involves submerging them in a deep container of water, such as a glass or large bowl. Eggs that touch the bottom of the container are usually good, while eggs that float entirely are no longer good to eat.

Refrigeration
Whole eggs may be stored at room temperature or in the fridge, depending on how they are processed. Chicken eggs are covered in a protective layer called the cuticle, which helps prevent bacterial contamination and subsequent spoilage. Eggs in the European Union and many other places leave this layer intact, and these eggs can be safely stored at cool room temperatures for up to a few weeks. However, some regions such as the United States have most commercially-available eggs undergo a washing process that removes external contaminants but strips the protective cuticle from the egg; this slightly increases the risk of microbial contamination from minuscule cracks, thereby necessitating storage in the refrigerator to prevent spoilage. It has, however, been noted that refrigeration does extend the shelf life of eggs, regardless of whether or not they have been washed. Whole eggs kept in the back of the fridge (not the door, where it is warmer) will remain good for many weeks. Cracked eggs will last for up to a few days.

Freezing
Egg whites can be easily frozen as is, though they will not foam as well after thawing. Yolks, however, thicken irreversibly if frozen without treatment. To reduce this risk, mix the yolks with ⅛ tsp salt or 1½ tsp corn syrup per 4 standard yolks. Thaw frozen eggs in the fridge or cool water.

Food-borne illness
Though relatively rare, raw eggs may be contaminated with Salmonella bacteria, which can cause food poisoning. They should therefore be avoided by those with weak or undeveloped immune systems, such as the elderly, infirm, or pregnant. Note that while proper storage reduces the risk of eggs going bad, it does not eliminate the risk of salmonella poisoning. Unwashed eggs may pick up salmonella on the outside of the shell, which can then contaminate foods, while in rare cases salmonella may enter the egg before it is laid. The bacteria can only be killed by heating (5 minutes at 140°F/60°C or 1 minute at 190°F/88°C).

Explosion
Due to the formation of steam inside the shell, whole eggs can explode if cooked above boiling temperatures. Never microwave or bake a whole egg.

Separating eggs
Separating eggs is when the yolk and the white are physically separated from each other. One traditional way to separate an egg is to crack the egg into two roughly equal parts, and pass the yolk from one half of the shell to the other, letting the white fall into a bowl below; however, this runs the risk of breaking the yolk with the shell and contaminating the white with it. A simpler way is to crack the egg into your clean hand and let the white run through your fingers. Similarly, you can crack the entire egg into a bowl and gently scoop the yolk out with your hands. Generally, it is easier to separate eggs when cold, since the yolks are slightly firmer and will puncture less easily.

Foaming
Eggs are excellent foaming agents, as the egg proteins unravel and form a stable network around the air bubbles when whipped. The protein is elastic, so when the egg white is cooked, and the air expands, the white stretches and sets in the expanded position. Egg whites in particular can be whipped to a much greater degree (8 times their liquid volume), since the fat present in the yolks disrupts the protein network stabilizing the bubbles. Even a tiny amount of residual fat from other sources will inhibit the foaming of egg whites.

A few things will improve the stability of egg white foams. The first is to use fresh egg whites, which will foam slower but more stably than older whites. The second is to add a little cream of tartar or another acid, which helps the proteins denature and stick together to form a more stable foam. Sugar also stabilizes the foam, which is why a meringue is more stable than a simple whipped white mixture. Finally, whipping the whites in a copper bowl creates a more stable foam that is more resistant to overbeating. Note that cream of tartar should not be used if a copper bowl is used, because it can react with the copper and force more of it into solution, thus potentially increasing the toxic effect.

Note that when using egg whites as a leavening agent in batters, it is better to whip them to medium rather than stiff peaks. This is because stiff peaks will be harder to incorporate into the batter and risk deflating during the process, and because stiff whites can over-expand and collapse when heated in the oven.

Tempering
Eggs must always be tempered when incorporating them into hot liquids. Otherwise, you risk curdling the eggs before they can be properly incorporated.

Peeling
The membrane and shell of fresh chicken eggs cling to the egg white when it is hard-boiled, making it nearly impossible to de-shell/peel—older eggs are better for this purpose. Alternatively, shock the eggs in cold water for a few minutes after you're done boiling them.

Use
There are numerous ways to prepare eggs as the focus of a dish, such as baking, boiling, frying (straight or scrambled), and poaching.

Eggs are also widely incorporated into dishes, both sweet and savory, where they play a variety of roles. Owing to the coagulation ability of their constituent proteins, eggs frequently contribute binding capacity, structure, and stability to cooked preparations. This is particularly notable in goods like cakes and custards. The fat and water content in eggs help prevent starch retrogradation and slow staling in baked goods. Egg yolks help emulsify various sauces, and egg whites are used to help remove sediments from liquids like wine and stock in order to clarify them. Through their foaming capacity, eggs are often an important leavening or lightening agent. Examples include mousses, soufflés, and cakes. Eggs also contribute richness of flavor and golden color to foods, and egg washes are often applied to baked goods to enhance their appearance.

When incorporating eggs into mixtures, it is easiest to use room temperature eggs. In particular, you must not incorporate cold eggs into a mixture with a solid fat, since the cold can cause the fat to curdle and not properly incorporate. Letting cold eggs sit in warm water is a great way to quickly warm them up for use.

Avoid using aluminum tools when working with eggs, since they will discolor the eggs and impart a grey color.

Substitution
In some cases, eggs from different birds can be substituted for chicken eggs. If doing so, you'll want to adjust the number of the non-chicken eggs to get the same weight equivalent of chicken egg. However, it is important to note that non-chicken eggs can have a different ratio of yolk to white, which will impact texture, and they may have a slightly different flavor as well. Generally speaking, it's safe to use non-chicken eggs in stovetop recipes that focus primarily on the egg, like omelets.

For those who do not eat yolks, replacing the yolk with extra egg white in whole-egg recipes can work. Many whole-egg substitutes like Egg Beaters are based on egg whites. Do note that leaving out the yolks will remove some flavoring and emulsification power, and the mixture will set and dry a little earlier.

For those who do not eat any eggs at all, there are a few substitution options depending on the dish. No egg substitutes are perfect replacements, and most are very application-specific, but in many recipes an acceptable finished product can be achieved. Tofu plus seasonings are often used as a substitute for scrambled eggs. Cornstarch (1 tbsp dissolved in 3 tbsp warm water per egg) or soy flour (1 tbsp + 2 tbsp water) can be used when egg is required for thickening. For baking, ground flax or chia seeds (8 g/1 Tbsp gelled in 45 ml/3 tbsp water) can be used in doughs and batters that are dark enough for the seeds to be unnoticeable. For light-colored doughs and batters, 45 ml/3 Tbsp aquafaba or 1 tbsp cornstarch in 3 tbsp warm water is recommended. Other options for sweet or fruity doughs and batters include one mashed ripe banana or 60 ml/¼ cup applesauce per egg. If you want the foaming properties of egg whites, aquafaba is a reasonable substitute. Adding ¼ teaspoon cream of tartar per 4 egg equivalents will help the aquafaba whip stiff.

title: Cookbook:Egg


text:
bagagliaio

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) boot, trunk  (of a car)
 * 2) luggage van, baggage car  (of a train)
 * 3) left-luggage office

title: bagagliaio


text:
Conservation of money calculations and status reporting

This course is proposed as a jointly developed learning experience/environment delivering business acumen and practical engineering analysis skills to businessmen, professionals, and team leaders of all kinds for use within government, organizations, industry and commerce of all kinds.

Some prior experience or study is recommended for effective participation in this course. For example: On the job budgeting or reporting, engineering economics, accounting fundamentals. Students with little or no previous exposure to spreadsheets and/or financial budgeting or operations will be expected to audit other appropriate study materials or learning environments and not place an undue burden on this course's participants with regard to extreme fundamentals of cash flow management, budgeting and accounting.

Topics
Some proposed topics of potentially fruitful study

 * Proposal development
 * Budget Estimating and planning
 * Sales Pitching for approval or closing the deal
 * Formal proposal or project/business plan
 * Story boards
 * Summary briefing slides
 * Cash Flow analysis, tables, and diagrams
 * Sources and sinks
 * Routine checks, balances, audits, and reporting techniques
 * /Asset Tradeoffs and Management/
 * Liability or risk management
 * Fluctuation or reserve management
 * Team (self) defense via competent information management
 * Task scope closeout or project shutdown
 * Taking due credit at task/project completion
 * Giving due credit to stakeholders

Recommended resources

 * Access to a workstation and a spreadsheet program interested in learning to use
 * Available Course Development Consultants or Tutors (Been there done some of that.)

Participants

 * Lazyquasar 08:50, 26 November 2005 (UTC)


text:
Yago Gandoy

Yago Gandoy Martínez (born 13 April 1999) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for CDA Navalcarnero.

Club career
Gandoy was born in A Coruña, Galicia, and joined Deportivo de La Coruña at the age of ten, from Ural CF. He made his senior debut with the reserves on 10 December 2017, coming on as a late substitute for Martín Bengoa in a 3–2 Segunda División B away win against CCD Cerceda.

Gandoy was definitely promoted to the B's ahead of the 2018–19 season, and scored his first senior goal on 4 November 2018 by netting the second in a 2–1 home success over Rápido de Bouzas. He contributed with 24 appearances (18 starts, 1668 minutes of action) as his side suffered relegation.

Gandoy made his first-team debut on 21 September 2019, replacing Ager Aketxe late into a 0–0 away draw against Cádiz CF in the Segunda División. The following 9 September, after Dépor's relegation, he renewed his contract for three years and was definitely promoted to the main squad.

title: Yago Gandoy


text:
Komarovo, Altai Krai

Komarovo (Комарово) is a rural locality (a selo) in Sokolovsky Selsoviet, Zonalny District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 427 as of 2013. There are 10 streets.

Geography
Komarovo is located 36 km southwest of Zonalnoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sokolovo is the nearest rural locality.

title: Komarovo, Altai Krai


text:
Napoleonic

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to Napoleon Bonaparte.
 * 2) Suffering from Napoleon complex.
 * 1) Suffering from Napoleon complex.
 * 1) Suffering from Napoleon complex.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * French:
 * Galician: napoleónico
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: napoleónico, napoleônico
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: napoleónico
 * Swedish: napoleonsk, napoleonisk

title: Napoleonic


text:
User:Valiant Thor

His name is Valiant Thor; he looks human, but he has some key physiological differences. He is from Venus. He worked for the U.S. government for some time in the 1950s before leaving in his spaceship. This is the story told by the late Phil Schneider, a geologist and engineer who said he had level-1 security clearance in secret government projects. He helped build underground military bases and worked at the famed Area 51 base.

title: User:Valiant Thor


text:
Talk:Billy Gussak

Revisions needed
According to one source[1], it was record producer Milt Gabler who insisted on using Gussak. Gussak played on records Haley made for Essex, which was before Haley signed with Decca, where Gabler was a producer. Here is a session log doucmenting this. http://thegardnerfamily.org/haley/discography/recordings.html#583 8.2012 There are also a couple of books with more or less the same info. W0rk, work, work to do. Steve Pastor (talk) 00:20, 18 August 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Billy Gussak


text:
Rafael Escalona

Rafael Calixto Escalona Martinez (May 26, 1926 – May 13, 2009) was a Colombian composer and troubadour. He was known for being one of the most prominent vallenato music composers and troubadours of the genre and for being the co-founder of the Vallenato Legend Festival, along with Consuelo Araújo and Alfonso López Michelsen.

He was also a long-time friend of Gabriel García Márquez, who included him in his stories and once told him that his own masterpiece novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude, was just a 350-page Vallenato. Escalona's songs compile the history and stories of the Magdalena Department of the past 20th century. Escalona was an atypical music composer: he does not play any instruments or sing so his songs can in some ways be difficult to analyze. His songs constitute a legacy of a past generation of Colombians in his memory, a pictorial collage, full of grace, that narrates stories, customs and gossips from his region. He also left a legacy of his loves and pains, humour and poetry. In 1991, Caracol TV produced a television series named Escalona, after him.

Early life
He was born on May 26, 1926, to Colonel Clemente Escalona Labarces, veteran of Thousand Days War and Margarita Martinez Celedon in Patillal. Because Patillal was a village in a rural area surrounded by farms, it was relatively small and there wasn't that much to do after school, other than play with other kids and make up games; build miniature farms or build kites and fly them all day. He had a very happy childhood, and dreamed of becoming a painter or cartoonist, usually drawing funny depictions of classmates and teachers. But his all time friend and classmate, Jaime Molina was better at drawing than him, something that drove him instead, to read poetry and songs. He grew up listening to peasants and troubadours of the region that often passed by the village bringing news from Valledupar and other regions, since there was no post office or other source of news that arrived at this isolated place.

Youth, the High School Dropout
He moved to Valledupar to attend high school at The Loperena National High School where he composed his first song at the age of fifteen in 1943 called "El profe Castañeda". He wrote the song in honor and sadness of his favourite teacher being transferred to a school in Riohacha, his natural reaction was to dedicate a song to "el viejo Pedro" as he called him, since he grew up listening to local troubadours. His classmates, who were also saddened over the teacher's departure, embraced his song. From then on, he saw himself doing something that he was good at, and started writing songs whenever a situation merged; started composing about his love experiences, about the people that interacted with him or were known in the region and these people's stories of happenings, basically compilations of his everyday experiences and thoughts. In 1945, feeling bored and short of motivation for school, Escalona was transferred to a school in Barranquilla for a short period and then to the Celedon Lyceum High School in Santa Marta, where he composed "El Hambre del Liceo" (the lyceum Hunger), complaining about the poor food quality that the school offered. Tired of school he dropped out and went back to Valledupar.

The Farmer
In Valledupar he devoted his time to working at his parents’ farm and learning about agriculture. He started planting rice. Apparently he also tried to break into the illegal coffee trade by bringing contraband from Aruba with a friend named "Pipe" Socarras. He became a partygoing "parrandero" and a heavy drinker of whiskey and rum. He also started courting many women at once. On April 14, 1951, he finally married Marina Arzuaga Mejía, also known as "La Maye", who would give him six of his presently suspected thirty-six children. (After many years, he would divorce her).

An approach to Politicians
By the 1950s he had become a renowned composer and usually befriended with local political leaders in "parrandas". He always departed with people from Patillal including Hernando Molina, husband of Consuelo Araújo. By the 1960s, when former President of Colombia Alfonso López Michelsen became governor of the newly created Department of Cesar, Lopez was invited to live in Hernando Molina's house. In this "vallenato parrandas" or parties, Escalona, Consuelo Araújo and Lopez decided to create a Vallenato Festival. López also invited them in many occasions to Bogotá, where he organized vallenato parrandas and introduced them to Colombia's political leaders. In 1968 the first Vallenato Legend Festival took place.

Death
He died on the afternoon May 13, 2009, in Bogotá, Colombia due to heart failure. He had been interned for almost two weeks in the Santa Fe Clinic in Bogotá and had been on a medical ventilator and unconscious earlier that day. Before he died Escalona received a visit from the Colombian Ex-President Ernesto Samper Pizano.

Songs

 * "El Hambre del Liceo"
 * "La casa en el aire"
 * "Elegía a Jaime Molina"
 * "La vieja sara"
 * "El Almirante Padilla"
 * "La patillalera"
 * "La custodia de Badillo"
 * "El villanuevero"
 * "El general Dangond"
 * "La historia"
 * "Honda herida"
 * "La brasilera"
 * "El arco iris"
 * "El perro de Pavajeau"
 * "EL jerre jerre"
 * "La Privincia"
 * "El testamento"
 * "El Bachiller"
 * "Maria Tere"

title: Rafael Escalona


text:
Natalie Saville

Natalie Saville (born 7 September 1978) is an Australian race walker.

She finished second in the 20 km race at the 2006 Commonwealth Games behind her sister, Jane, after finishing 4th at the 2002 Commonwealth Games and 36th in the same event at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. At a national level, she has won three junior championships at 5000m, one national 10 km championship and finished in the top three on eight occasions. Saville is coached by her brother-in-law, Matt White.

Both Jane and Natalie Saville live in the City of Randwick Local Government Area. Natalie Saville was presented with the Keys to the City of Randwick on 22 October 2002 by Mayor Dominic Sullivan in recognition of outstanding achievement in sport. Her sister Jane was also presented with the Key to the City of Randwick at the same time.

title: Natalie Saville


text:
User:Kreillyrdhs

Kreillyrdhs, if you want to keep editing on WP (and you want your edits to stand), best to start a User Page here! Bookgrrl holler/ lookee here 20:58, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

title: User:Kreillyrdhs


text:
Paleontology/Can you identify this fossil and the material it was fossilized in?

Identify this fossil and the maerial it was fossilized in. Once identified the fossil image will be replaced and the old image archieved.

Please include the scientific name of the species and source of your information.


text:
Talk:Human Anatomy

Cool, I see that I've arrived just as an anatomy book is being started. My first issue, before I dive in, is that most textbooks I've seen have been anatomy and physiology. Here they're listed as two seperate books. I think it would be easier and more natural to have an A&P book, what do you think? -StudentBScN

Probably better separated
Recognized textbooks are written for either Anatomy or Physiology, not both, because the author is either an anatomist or a physiologist. Integrating anatomy and physiology is a new trend aimed at making things easier for students. I believe the anatomy book here should be separate from the physiology book, and we can easily create hyperlinks between the two books. It is also easier to write about a single topic instead of two. Besides, the plan in this book seems to be copying text over from Gray's anatomy, which is now considered public domain, if we integrate both, then this will be harder.

So my suggestion is to leave this as an anatomy book. A good idea might be created yet another book that integrates both anatomy and physiology.

 * I agree. These books would certainly do better to be separated. There is a new, but active effort at Human Physiology to make a physiology book here, and there is plenty of material to create a single anatomy book as well. Keep the books separated, but provide cross links between them where necessary. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 23:27, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I also agree. I think it would be best to leave them as two books. The idea of the third book which integrates them also sounds good to me. DavidMendoza (talk) 20:56, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

Digging Inn
23Sept2005, I can see this book has not been touched in well over a year so I'm going to dig right in. If I do anything anyone has a problem I am sure that you will let me know. I'm going to start with a unit on the Skelital System.

Anatomy vs Human Anatomy
I didn't see anyone mention anything about the distinction between the Anatomy book and the Human Anatomy book. I think they should remain separate and that the Anatomy book should deal with the general subject whereas Human Anatomy should concentrate on human anatomy.

Right now neither have very much, so I will get to work on this one. If anyone has problems with what I'm doing, please let me know :) DavidMendoza (talk) 20:54, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Human Anatomy


text:
farsa

Noun

 * 1) farce

Noun

 * 1) farce

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) farce, masquerade

Etymology
, from, from , from , from. .

Noun

 * 1)  farce
 * 2)  farce

Etymology
Borrowed from, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  farce

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) charade, farce style of humor marked by broad improbabilities
 * 2) farce film or play featuring this type of humor
 * 3) farce a situation abounding with ludicrous incidents

Etymology
From, formed on basis of , a hypocoristic form of.

Noun

 * 1)  dad, old man

Usage notes
When addressing one's own father, the definite form is used.

title: farsa


text:
Talk:Diarmaid FitzGerald

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Diarmaid FitzGerald. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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title: Talk:Diarmaid FitzGerald


text:
Arabic/Roster

Class Roster

 * Please sign your name on the list
 * The number beside your name will be your assigned student number
 * To complete registration email me, the instructor, with the following form to

Name (Nickname/Pseudonym if preferred) : Email Address : Location : Interest in this Course: Requests/Feedback: Tell me a few things about yourself:

''While I am still working on the course and reworking some aspects, I will email students with updates and also I would be glad to assist the students or anyone interested with help on the course, Arabic in general, or just any questions/comments in general. Email me at the email provided above and I will return correspondence promptly.''

Register: (Use Four Tildes)
 * 1) Elatanatari
 * 2) Mondomunchies 21:49, 2 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 3) Roytales 05:12, 4 January 2007 (UTC)#
 * 4) CSM11:36, 19 January 2007
 * 5) <IP_ADDRESS> 16:32, 21 January 2007 (UTC)JMcCharen
 * 6) Joshuacharles 13:16, 22 January 2007
 * 7) aom 25 February 2007
 * 8) tsekachun 21 October 2007 (UTC+3)

title: Arabic/Roster


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Pursat

Pursat (ពោធិ៍សាត់, Poŭthĭsăt ) is the capital of Pursat Province, Cambodia. Its name derived from a type of tree. It lies on the Pursat River. The city is famous as the place of mythical 16th century neak ta of Khleang Moeung.

title: Pursat


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Tsurai, Republic of Dagestan

Tsurai (Цураи; Dargwa: Цурагӏи) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tsizgarinsky Selsoviet, Dakhadayevsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 189 as of 2010.

Geography
Tsurai is located 15 km northeast of Urkarakh (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tsizgari and Kanasiragi are the nearest rural localities.

Ethnic groups
Dargins live there.

title: Tsurai, Republic of Dagestan