text:
Talk:Bruckner rhythm

I think we should add some more notable instances of it here. From Bruckner's talk page, that would include Symphonies 5 and 6 also. (More?)

I think we could also describe the rhythm better, maybe with more musical examples from scores?

There is a great score archive |on IU's music library; maybe we could crop some specific passages therefrom? Andrewski 22:00, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Great idea. Here are some more examples:

Btw, although it's great to have musical examples, it would probably be more useful if they were in the treble or bass clefs, since many more people can understand them. Grover cleveland 18:10, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * 5th symphony, slow movement main theme (duplets in oboe melody against triplets in string pizzicato accompaniment)
 * 6th symphony, first movement (main theme and ostinato accompaniment, also second theme)
 * 8th symphony, first movement, second theme (same rhythm as 4th symphony example given already)

 * It is my long time understanding that Bruckner rhythm is the juxtaposition (2 + 3) of a duplet melody followed by a triplet bass, and not the superposition of triplets upon duplets (as in the opening statement of the main theme of the Adagio of the 5th symphony). Moreover, in the long restatement of the main theme the triplet bass is replaced by a quarter + two eighths figure.
 * In the 4th symphony, the Bruckner rhythm that we all know from the Finale was not there: it was originally in quintuplets, exceedingly difficult to play.  And the original Scherzo (predating the usual "Hunting" Scherzo) had similtaneous duplets against triplets.  The original (1874) version has been recorded by  Jesus Lopez-Cobos with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra.
 * -- Chuck 15:33, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Ah yes, that's a nice recording of an interesting version. A little too repetitive in spots, but still quite fascinating to listen to. Anton Mravcek 21:14, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

Occurs
I find the endless use of 'occurs' very strange, as if Bruckner's (and others) pieces weren't written but just found in that state, like fossils. But such things don't just 'occur' - they are used, written, utilized, employed etc by a living person in their works. Maybe because I'm composer I find that objectionable, but it's bad writing, in a way pointed out in every good writing guide--it's a needlessly dead, passive verb. The composer's missing. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:14, 24 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bruckner rhythm


text:
Talk:Deb Covey

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source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Deb Covey


text:
User:Rea Mae Diego

'Maymay Entrata

Marydale "Maymay" Entrata is the winner of Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky Season 7.

She's dubbed as the Miss Wacky-Go-Lucky of Cagayan De Oro because of her wacky, funny and vibrant personality. It was proven as she made the house full of laughter throughout the season, which worked for her advantage to avoid nominations.

Maymay was the Lucky Teen Housemate chosen by the Celebrity housemates after accomplishing 6 out of 7 lucky tasks to become a fully pledged housemate for the second part which is the Teen Edition.

She entered the house a day after the two Celebrity Housemates, Jinri Park and Nikko Natividad & McCoy DeLeon were announced as the two Lucky Stars finalists. It would be also the day where the first two Lucky Stars, would temporarily leave the house to give way for the upcoming Teen Edition. Maymay was the first teen housemate to enter the house, being the Lucky Teen Housemate. Since she was the first teen housemate to enter the house, the two Celebrity Housemates Jinri Park and Nikko Natividad & McCoy DeLeon were tasked to give her a dramatic welcome challenging how she'll act in an unpleasant situation.

in: Contestants, Females, Pinoy Big Brother Contestants, and 2 more Maymay Entrata Last edited by Thisiskai (talk | contribs) a month ago (diff) Edit summary: Succession Box Current size: 26605 bytes (+572) EDIT SHARE Maymay Entrata Profile CardFull shotDT PBB7Maymay Profile Card

Winner Nickname	MayMay, Miss Wacky-Go-Lucky, The National Fangirl Birth Date	May 6, 1997 (age 20) Hometown	Cagayan De Oro, Misamis Oriental Series	Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 Place	1st Team	Lucky Suns Nominations Received	9 Times Nominated	3 (Weeks 16, 17 & 18) Padaluck Wins	0 Ligtask Wins	2 (Weeks 15 & 31) Times Saved	2 (Weeks 15 & 31) Days	235 (161 in house) Twitter	MarydaleEntrat5 Instagram	maymay_entrata0506

Marydale "Maymay" Entrata is the winner of Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky Season 7.

She's dubbed as the Miss Wacky-Go-Lucky of Cagayan De Oro because of her wacky, funny and vibrant personality. It was proven as she made the house full of laughter throughout the season, which worked for her advantage to avoid nominations.

Maymay was the Lucky Teen Housemate chosen by the Celebrity housemates after accomplishing 6 out of 7 lucky tasks to become a fully pledged housemate for the second part which is the Teen Edition.

She entered the house a day after the two Celebrity Housemates, Jinri Park and Nikko Natividad & McCoy DeLeon were announced as the two Lucky Stars finalists. It would be also the day where the first two Lucky Stars, would temporarily leave the house to give way for the upcoming Teen Edition. Maymay was the first teen housemate to enter the house, being the Lucky Teen Housemate. Since she was the first teen housemate to enter the house, the two Celebrity Housemates Jinri Park and Nikko Natividad & McCoy DeLeon were tasked to give her a dramatic welcome challenging how she'll act in an unpleasant situation.

Throughout her stay in the house, she made a close friendship with Kisses Delavin whom she treats as her best friend inside the house as well as Edward Barber. She also stood up as the Big Sister for the Teen Housemates since she was the eldest among them.

Maymay is known as an avid fangirl of ABS-CBN Celebrities and her priceless fangirl reactions whenever popular Celebrities visit the house became one of the most memorable moments of the Season. As a result, she was given the moniker "National Fangirl".

Aside from that, she was also the most pranked housemate of the season. Big Brother loves to pull pranks on Maymay throughout the Teen Edition of this season.

The two most notable were the series of pranks by Big Brother whenever Maymay keep on requesting for her idol, the Filipino actor, Enrique Gil to visit the house, but later rewarded her with a private date with Enrique on Week 10, and on Week 17 was the prank started by Tanner Mata and then joined by Big Brother himself, making Maymay think that she slept for two days and with the help of her fellow teen and adult housemates, they pretended they were gone and then returned to the house as if it's already morning and wondering why Maymay was missing for two days. She was also known for her crazy Diary Room moments with Big Brother and her funny and wacky antics.

She was the first housemate to temporarily leave the house more than once without the 24 hour limit and then returned after a few days. She left the house twice on Week 8 to attend the wake and the burial of her grandfather who died while she was inside the house.

On Week 19, after Kisses Delavin became the second Lucky Sun finalist, Maymay was left for another week with Yong Muhajil on the nominations' list for the third Lucky Sun slot. After a week, Maymay won with 57.57% of votes while Yong got 45.43% of votes, making her third teen housemate to be have a spot for the eventual Dream Team Chapter.

A day after the 3 teen finalists were completed, Maymay, Kisses and Edward temporarily left the house to give way for the upcoming third chapter which is the Civilian Adult Edition.

Maymay and the rest of the Lucky Suns returned once again inside the house to compete against the Adults' Lucky House finalits and the Celebrities' Lucky Star finalists. Three winning wildcard housemates were added as well on each of the teams, making the teams have 4 members each.

In the Dream Team Chapter, aside from her loyal Lucky Sun housemates, Maymay also formed friendship along other Dream Team housemates, most especially among the Lucky Stars' Celebrity Finalists such as Nonong Ballinan whom she treated as a father figure to him, even calling him "tatay" a Tagalog word for father, as well as Jinri Park whom she treated as her Big Sister in the house. When both were evicted consecutively, Maymay was left devastated.

Throughout the Dream Team, she maintained her "safe" status and avoided the nominations block all throughout until the Big Night. On Day 228 of Week 34, she was proclaimed as among the Lucky 7 Dream Team Finalists to continue on the Finale.

On the evening of March 4, 2017 which was the first evening of the two-night Big Night finale, Maymay Entrata with her fellow teen finalists Kisses Delavin, Edward Barber and Yong Muhajil advanced into the Big Four and continued on to the second evening of the finale where the Big Winner will eventually be announced.

On the evening of March 5, 2017, Maymay ended up on the final two with her bestfriend, Kisses Delavin where she received 42.71% of votes over Kisses who got 31.27% of public votes, making her the winner of the longest season in the history of Pinoy Big Brother, beating 30 housemates in total.

Biography The Miss Wacky-Go-Lucky of Cagayan De Oro

Marydale "MayMay" Entrata is a 20-year old student from Cagayan De Oro, studying at Mindanao University of Science and Technology (MUST). She was selected by the celebrity housemates themselves from the pool of auditionees. Her father left when she was one year old to start a new family, while her mother is an overseas worker based in Japan.

There’s never a dull moment whenever the housemates bond with 19-year old Maymay Entrata and for her, she could easily describe herself as “cheerful.” The “Wacky-go-lucky of Cagayan de Oro” shared that the reason she joined Pinoy Big Brother is to get her mom and brother back who are currently in Japan.

Maymay also came from a big family and she also wishes to take her family back in Davao since not all of them are working. When asked if she idolizes any of the past housemates, she said, “They said I'm like the two, Kim (Chui) and Melai (Cantiveros) and if combined KiMelai.”

When asked why she deserves to be the big winner, she answered, “I want to be an inspiration to everyone.”

“I will do everything to be an inspiration for everyone especially to those who are hopeless to reach their dreams,” she added.

Before joining PBB, Maymay was an ordinary college student and she shared that there was a time when her allowance going to school is just P5. She said that she has the option to spend that P5 for her transportation or for her food but she always chose to buy food instead.

For her, she describes the word love as “You don't know how to care for someone if you there's no love, that's the most important for me” while family is “they're you're life-long companion to everything.”

When asked about God she said that He is the source of everything and this is all temporary.[1]

title: User:Rea Mae Diego


text:
800-pound gorilla

Etymology
Attested since at least 1971, from a riddle: "Where does an 800-pound gorilla sleep?" / "Anywhere it wants."

Noun

 * 1)  An entity that dominates its environment.
 * 2)  Something dangerous, menacing, or frightening that is obvious but not addressed.
 * 1)  Something dangerous, menacing, or frightening that is obvious but not addressed.
 * 1)  Something dangerous, menacing, or frightening that is obvious but not addressed.
 * 1)  Something dangerous, menacing, or frightening that is obvious but not addressed.
 * 1)  Something dangerous, menacing, or frightening that is obvious but not addressed.

Usage notes

 * The weight in the metaphor can be varied quantitatively.
 * Occasionally other nouns are substituted, most commonly from another idiom, but also more context-specific nouns, such as  in an article on gardening.
 * Occasionally adjectives are inserted to modify gorilla to bring the metaphor closer to the context.

title: 800-pound gorilla


text:
Wikiversity:Sponsored projects

Research funding is a term generally covering any funding for scientific research, in the areas of both "hard" science and technology, and social science. The term often connotes funding obtained through a competitive process, in which potential research projects are evaluated and only the most promising receive funding. Such processes, which are run by government, corporations or foundations, allocate scarce funds. Total research funding in most developed countries is between 1.5% and 3% of GDP; Sweden is the only country to exceed 4%.

Most research funding comes from two major sources, corporations (through research and development departments) and government (primarily carried out through universities and specialised government agencies). Some small amounts of scientific research are carried out (or funded) by charitable foundations, especially in relation to developing cures for diseases such as cancer, malaria and AIDS.

In the OECD, around two-thirds of research and development in scientific and technical fields is carried out by industry, and 20% and 10% respectively by universities and government, although in poorer countries such as Portugal and Mexico the industry contribution is significantly less. The US government spends more than other countries on military R&D, although the proportion has fallen from around 30% in the 1980s to under 20%. Government funding for medical research amounts to approximately 36% in the U.S. The government funding proportion in certain industries is higher, and it dominates research in social science and humanities. Similarly, with some exceptions (e.g. biotechnology) government provides the bulk of the funds for basic scientific research. In commercial research and development, all but the most research-oriented corporations focus more heavily on near-term commercialisation possibilities than "blue-sky" ideas or technologies (such as nuclear fusion). One of the most famous exceptions is the innovation-favouring environment of the 1970s at Xerox Parc, where various ideas including the computer mouse were developed. Similarly, IBM's research into quantum computing has been going on for some years, and it will likely be some years more before it yields commercialisable technology.

You can start the Wikiversity research grant division.

title: Wikiversity:Sponsored projects


text:
tasainen

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1) flat, even
 * 2) flat, smooth
 * 3) smooth, consistent, even
 * 4) even, regular
 * 5) even, level, balanced
 * 6) flat, even, level, stable, constant
 * 7) calm
 * 1) even, level, balanced
 * 2) flat, even, level, stable, constant
 * 3) calm
 * 1) flat, even, level, stable, constant
 * 2) calm

title: tasainen


text:
Samuel Gray

Samuel Gray may refer to:

 * Samuel Gray (Australian politician) (1823–1889), member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
 * Samuel Gray (died 1770), American colonist, ropemaker, and among the first killed in the Boston Massacre
 * Samuel Frederick Gray (1766–1828), British botanist, mycologist, and pharmacologist
 * Samuel Brownlow Gray (1823–1910), barrister in the Bermudas

title: Samuel Gray


text:
User:Surajdgiri

Suraj Dhanaji Giri

Hi friends, THis is my wikipedia page

I am from Abloli,Tal Guhagar Dist Ratnagiri 415726 Maharashtara India

Contact: +9188068878666 Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>FB: surajdgiri Tw: surajdgiri

title: User:Surajdgiri


text:
Genealogy/China

Many Chinese families have extensive genealogical records, and in most cases there will be copies of these records at the local records division which is under the jurisdiction of the Public Security Bureau (i.e. the police). However, because the records people generally have a police/bureaucratic mindset, it is unlikely that you will get access to the records by going directly to them.

Instead, the easiest way to get access to these records is to go through the local overseas Chinese bureau of the particular village that you are interested in. Because overseas Chinese bureaus are specifically tasked with increasing links with overseas Chinese in the hopes of getting investment, they are usually extremely helpful and generally have the bureaucratic pull necessary to gain access to genealogical records.

The type of records that you will find will usually contain a family tree of male members, often going back several hundred years, with a paragraph of noteworthy accomplishments of the male members of a family going back several hundred years.

title: Genealogy/China


text:
Elgato

Elgato is a brand of consumer technology products. The brand was manufactured and designed by Elgato Systems, founded in 2010 by Markus Fest and was headquartered in Munich, Germany, until 2018 when the brand was sold to Corsair.

History
The brand, Elgato, was formerly a brand of Elgato Systems. The Elgato brand was used to refer to the company gaming and thunderbolt devices and was commonly called Elgato Gaming.

On June 28, 2018, Corsair acquired the Elgato brand from Elgato Systems, while Elgato Systems kept their smart home division and renamed the company to Eve Systems.

Thunderbolt dock
Elgato introduced a Thunderbolt docking station in June 2014. A computer is plugged into the dock using a Thunderbolt port in order to gain access to the dock's three USB ports, audio jacks, HDMI and Ethernet. It is typically used to plug a Macbook into an office setting (printer, monitor, keyboard) or to provide additional ports not available in the MacBook Air. A review in The Register said it was compact and useful, but Windows users should consider a USB 3.0 dock. The Register and CNET disagreed on whether it was competitively priced. Reviews in TechRadar and Macworld gave it 4 out of 5 stars.

Thunderbolt SSD
Elgato introduced two external solid-state drives in September 2012 called Thunderbolt Drive. Benchmark tests by MacWorld and Tom's Hardware said that the hard drive was slower than other products they tested, despite being connected through a faster Thunderbolt port, rather than Firewire. The following year, in 2013, Elgato replaced them with similar drives identified as "Thunderbolt Drive +", which added USB 3.0 support and was claimed to be faster than the previous iteration. A CNET review of a Thunderbolt Drive+ drive gave it a 4.5 out of 5 star rating. It said the drive was "blazing fast" and "the most portable drive to date" but was also expensive. An article in The Register explained that the original drives introduced in 2012 didn't perform well in benchmark tests, but the newer "plus" version had impressive speed results during testing.

Game Capturing
Game Capture HD, which connects to gaming consoles to record gameplay, was introduced in 2012. It was created in response to gamers that were hacking EyeTV products for gameplay recording. The device connects between a gaming console and the TV and is powered by a USB connection. It captures video as the console sends it to the television, compresses and stores it. A review in iPhone Life gave it 4 out of 5 stars and noted that it could also be used to record iPad games with the right setup.

In October 2014, Elgato released a new version called HD 60. It recorded in 60 frames per second and 1080p high definition video (compared to the previous Game Capture HD's 1080p30 or 720p60), whereas typical low-end video game recording devices capture in 720p and 30 frames per second. The Telegraph gave it four out of five stars. A review in Gizmodo said that it captured extremely high-quality footage, but it may be higher-end than needed for many gamers that would be satisfied with the recording features built into the console.

In February 2024, Elgato released the 4K X, a new capture card which records in 144 frames per second and in 4K resolution. Gaming news website Dexerto rated the 4K X at five out of five stars, saying that it offered "a much needed upgrade over the older HD60 X."

Stream Deck
The Stream Deck is a customizable control pad, which can act as a programmable keyboard that lets the user create their own macros. It is designed to serve as a video game live streaming control device for online streamers. Each button is an LCD screen which can be customized, and mapped to specific functions like 'Open Program' or 'Mute Microphone', or perform multiple actions at once.

Elgato has released multiple products under the Stream Deck name. Starting with the original Stream Deck on March 23, 2017, with 15 buttons, but continuing with the release of the Stream Deck Mini on July 24, 2018. Featuring only 6 buttons and no stand the Stream Deck Mini would target a lower price point with all the same software features of the original Stream Deck. On May 28, 2019, Elgato would release the Stream Deck XL, a larger more expensive Stream Deck featuring 32 buttons and a magnetically attached removable stand, and the Stream Deck mobile app which presented 15 buttons on the users phone via an Android and IOS app wirelessly connected to their PC. Both the Stream Deck XL and Stream Deck mobile app connected to the same software used by the original Stream Deck and Stream Deck Mini, with all of the same features. In July, 2021 Elgato released an updated version of the original Stream Deck called the Stream Deck Mk.2. It featured the same 15 customizable buttons, a magnetically attached removable stand like the Stream Deck XL, and a removable face plate. Departing from Stream Deck's normal desktop format in January, 2022 Elgato released the Stream Deck Pedal, a device designed to be operated by the user's feet with three buttons, adjustable tension on each button, and no displays.

Green Screens
Elgato offers a collapsible, ceiling-hung green screen. It is most commonly used by content creators on platforms like YouTube or Twitch.

Video Lights
The Key Light and the Key Light Air are two models of video lights produced by Elgato. The Key Light Air is a lower budget, less powerful version of the Key Light. The Key Light has a maximum brightness of 2800 Lumens, while the Key Light Air is half as bright at 1400 Lumens.

Elgato also offers the Ring Light, which differs from the Key Light in that it is circular rather than rectangular, and features physical controls, while the Key Light and Key Light Air are controlled via app.

Microphones
In June 2020, Elgato announced their expansion into microphones with the introduction of the Wave:1 and Wave:3. Both are USB microphones and were developed in partnership with Lewitt Audio. In September 2022, they released their first XLR microphone, called Wave DX, once again in cooperation with Lewitt Audio. In April 2024, Elgato introduced their new Neo line, concentrating on simplicity and affordability. The product line also included a new microphone, the Wave Neo.

title: Elgato


text:
Quartier-d'Orleans

Quartier-d'Orleans (Quartier-d'Orléans) is a seaside village on the eastern coast of the island of Saint Martin, on the French side of the Antilles. Lower Prince's Quarter, the largest town on the Dutch side of the island is located 3.5 kilometers south on the N7 road, and Grand Case, the largest beach town on the French side is 6.1 kilometers north of the Quarter on the N7 road. The N7 road continues to Marigot, the French capital on the western coast.

History
The section was originally called Quartier d'Orient, named for the nearby inlet, Orient Bay. The name may have subsequently been changed in honor of the brother of the French King, the Duke of Orléans. The Quarter was the first French settlement on the island, established sometime prior to 1648 next to an indigenous Amerindian village. The French settlers cultivated tobacco, indigo, and (after 1660) sugar cane. The population was in decline during the 19th Century until a surge of economic growth in 1986. Since then, the Quarter of Orleans has rapidly expanded with commercial, residential and tourist areas. With a population of 5,124 people (as of 2015), it is the fourth largest town on the French side of Saint Martin. Still, some areas remain undeveloped and are considered slums.

Services

 * 1) Educational institutions: kindergartens, elementary schools and a public community college.
 * 2) Other public services: post office, police.
 * 3) Sports: Soccer, basketball, volleyball and tennis courts.
 * 4) Places of Worship: three churches.

Attraction

 * 1) The Butterfly Farm (La Ferme des Papillons)

title: Quartier-d'Orleans


text: User:ClueBot III/Detailed Indices/User talk:Vanished user 278d8b9e769f74365327e651fab9a44b/Archives/2019/March


text:
CFLT-FM

CFLT-FM (92.9 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada and serving the Halifax Regional Municipality. The station is owned by Rogers Radio, a division of Rogers Sports & Media, and broadcasts an adult hits format, using the syndicated music service and trademark known as Jack 92.9.

The radio studios are on Young Street in Halifax, while its transmitter is on Washmill Lake Drive in Clayton Park.

The station is the successor to Newcap-owned AM station CFDR (780 kHz), which signed off the air on July 27, 2009, eleven days before the FM station's official launch.

CFDR
CFDR had made its home at various locations on the dial, first at 790 kHz, moving to 680 kHz in 1978, then to 780 kHz in 1991.

Originally owned and operated by Patterson Broadcasters Ltd. (consisting of President C.A. (Arnie) Patterson, Senior Vice-president/National Sales Director W.L. (Bill) Patterson and Vice-president/Chief Engineer Jack Hutchison), CFDR (the "DR" standing for "Dartmouth Radio"), also known as "CF Big 'D' R", first hit the AM dial in 1962. The studios were originally located at 66 Ochterloney St. in Dartmouth, and moved to 12 Queen St. in 1971, until the decision was made in 1981 to occupy half of the 18th floor and the entire penthouse (19th floor) of the Queen Square building (which commanded an excellent view of Halifax Harbour). CFDR and CFRQ moved their broadcasting facilities to the CIEZ building in Bedford in 1995. The station's 790 kHz transmitter was on the Montague Mines Road in the suburbs of Dartmouth before relocating to Kearney Lake Road in Bedford with the change to 680 kHz. When the frequency changed to 780 kHz, the transmitter was moved to St. Margaret's Bay Road in the HRM community of Lakeside.

Popular disc jockeys during CFDR's flagship easy listening era included avuncular morning man Gerry Parsons (with his signature "March Around the Breakfast Table"), smooth-voiced Tony Beech (of Sunday night's "Candlelight and Wine" renown), Jack Hutchison's "Tartan Hour" on Saturday mornings, Program Director Gail Rice (mid-days), Clary Stubbert (afternoon drive), midnights with Dave Tramley and Paul Meagher, traffic reporter. Other popular former DJs and announcers include Colleen Jones, "Graveyard Shifter" Ron Roberts, Andrew Boyle, Cam Allen, Dale Schwartz, John Cunningham and John Kyte.

CFDR was an easy listening station until 1987, when it changed its format to Top 40/CHR; around the same time, it also began broadcasting in Motorola C-QUAM AM stereo. The format change to Top 40 was protested vehemently by fans of the Easy Listening format in the Halifax area. It generated many complaints to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), and to the station itself, but the format change stood until it switched to the country format in December 1993. Ultimately, the station became known as Classic Country 780 KIXX, differentiating itself from Halifax's more popular contemporary country station CHFX-FM; in addition, CFDR became one of a handful of radio stations in Canada to air the format.

Conversion to FM and sale
After CHNS moved to an FM frequency in July 2006, only two Halifax stations, CFDR and CJCH, remained on the AM dial in a market with over a dozen FM stations. In October 2006, Newcap applied to the CRTC to move CFDR to the FM band at 88.9 MHz. It was to drop its country format in favour of alternative rock, since CHFX would continue to air a country format. The station was to be branded LIVE 88.9, patterned after Newcap's Ottawa station CILV-FM. The move was approved in 2007, on condition that Newcap sell its 50% interest in CKUL-FM. With Newcap also owning CFRQ, as well as 50% of CKUL, converting CFDR to FM would have put Newcap in violation of CRTC regulations on radio station ownership, which limits a single company to two AM and two FM stations per market.

After CTVglobemedia announced plans to convert CJCH to FM as well, it was required to divest its own 50% share of CKUL to proceed with the conversion (as it also owned CIOO-FM). Newcap then elected in early 2008 to acquire full control of CKUL, negating its own conversion plans in the process.

However, this left CFDR as the last remaining AM station in the market, with Newcap unable to move the station to FM. Thus, later in the year, the company announced it would trade CFDR to Rogers Radio in exchange for Rogers' Sudbury station CIGM, with both stations applying to move to FM following the trade. CIGM's situation paralleled that of CFDR: it was the last AM station remaining in the Sudbury market, where Rogers already owned two FM stations, and hence it would not be permitted to convert to FM under Rogers ownership. Rogers later announced it would move CFDR to 92.9 MHz rather than the previously approved 88.9. The applications were approved by the CRTC on November 24, 2008.

CFDR went off the air permanently on July 27, 2009, at 10:00 a.m. ADT, coinciding with the final consummation of the Rogers-Newcap swap. The last two songs played were "Who's Gonna Fill Their Shoes" by George Jones and "Happy Trails" by Dale Evans and Roy Rogers. A farewell message was posted by morning hosts Frank Lowe and Stephanie Woodin on Kixx's former (now defunct) website 780kixx.ca.

CFDR was the last remaining AM station in the Halifax area prior to the shutdown. CFDR was also the most powerful AM station in the province during the day at 50,000 watts. At night, power was reduced to 15,000 watts. Competing AM stations CJCH and CHNS left the air in 2008 and 2006, respectively.

Lite 92.9
Rogers initially indicated that it would follow through with Newcap's plan to air alternative rock on the relaunched station. However, they ended up adopting an adult contemporary format, known as Lite 92.9, patterned after Rogers-owned CHFM-FM in Calgary.

92.9 Jack FM
On February 28, 2014, at 8 AM, CFLT-FM changed their format to adult hits, branded as 92.9 Jack FM. The last song on "Lite" was "Forget You" by Cee-Lo Green, while the first song on "Jack" was "We Will Rock You" by Queen. With the change, CFLT brought back "Griff & Caroline In The Morning", previously heard on CKUL-FM before they dropped the show upon changing formats in August 2013.

title: CFLT-FM


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/howtopit.com

Links

 * howtopit.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * COIBot domainredlist search for link howtopit.com gives:
 * howtopit.com (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist (diff))
 * howtopit.com (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist (diff))
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link would be caught by rule \bhowtopit\.com\b on the monitor list (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist (diff - )).
 * Link is blacklisted by \bhowtopit\.com\b on [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist en.wikipedia.org]
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link would be caught by rule \bhowtopit\.com\b on the monitor list (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist (diff - )).
 * Link is blacklisted by \bhowtopit\.com\b on [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist en.wikipedia.org]

Additions

 * Displayed all 7 additions.


text:
Brindisi Marittima railway station

Brindisi Marittima was a railway station in Brindisi, Italy. The station was opened in 1870 and closed in 2006. It was located on the short Brindisi–Brindisi Marittima railway.

History
The station was located at the port of Brindisi and connected the railway with the boat to Greece.

Train services
The station was an important link between western Europe and Greece. Trains served the station with destinations such as Paris, Cologne and Vienna.

Until 1994 it was served by the express "Parthenon" Athens-Paris.

Present day
The closure of the railway has resulted in the creation of a car park at the site of the railway station.

title: Brindisi Marittima railway station


text:
Alice Koroma

Alice Rosalyn Koroma (June 27, 1932 – July 6, 2012 ) was the mother of Sierra Leone's president, Ernest Bai Koroma, and a longtime primary school teacher in Makeni. She was a longtime member of the Wesleyan Church congregation in Makeni, and in the 1960s she was a member of the Makeni city council from the All People's Congress (APC) party. Koroma, whose political career stems back to the 1960s, "was a strong supporter" and "advocate of women's rights". She was very active in the political scene of Sierra Leone and was a former leader of the All People's Congress (APC) Women's Congress in Bombali District in the later half of the 1960s.

Koroma, who was reportedly not suffering from any illness, died unexpectedly on June 6, 2012, in her home in the northern city of Makeni. Her death was a shocking news across Sierra Leone and many Sierra Leoneans, including politicians regardless of political parties, civil servants, religious leaders, journalists and the general population express condolences and sympathy to President Koroma and his family.

Early life
Koroma was born on June 27, 1932, in the village of Kamabai, Biriwa Chiefdom, Bombali District in the Northern Province of British Sierra Leone to ethnic Limba parents. She was raised in a deeply religious Christian household. She later moved to Makeni to further her education.

Family
Koroma was married to a deeply religious Christian preacher, Sylvanus Koroma, a native of Makeni. The couple had seven children and resided in Makeni. She and her husband where longtime members of the Wesleyan Church congregation in Makeni. Their oldest son is Sierra Leone's president Ernest Bai Koroma.

Death
Koroma, who was reportedly not suffering from any illness, died unexpectedly on July 6, 2012, in her home in the northern city of Makeni. Her death was a shocking news across Sierra Leone and many Sierra Leoneans, including politicians, civil servants, religious leaders, journalists and the general population express condolences and sympathy to President Koroma and his family.

Funeral service
Alice Koroma funeral was held at the Wesleyan Church in Makeni and was attended by many senior Sierra Leonean politicians regardless of political parties, including her son President Ernest Bai Koroma, First Lady Sia Koroma, Vice President Alhaji Samuel Sam-Sumana, former President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah former Vice President Solomon Ekuma Berewa, speaker of Parliament Abel Nathaniel Stronge, Chief Justice Haja Umu Hawa Tejan Jalloh, leader of the main opposition Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) John Oponjo Benjamin, leader of the PMDC Party Charles Francis Margai, defense minister, and former deputy defense minister Joe Blell.

Also in attendance at the funeral in the Wesleyan Church in Makeni included Christians and Muslims religious leaders, senior Sierra Leone Police officers, including Inspector General of the Sierra Leone Police Francis Alieu Munu, and members of the international delegations, mainly from West Africa including the First Lady of Nigeria Patience Jonathan.

title: Alice Koroma


text:
User:Mosesm21/sandbox

For the Haida Eddies article, I plan to draw from my education and experience to contribute to a few areas: 1) contextualizing them geographically, historically, and culturally where appropriate, 2) focus on nutrient and ocean chemistry dynamics, and 3) ecological interactions.

Good sources to start with are:

https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=2536

http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/documents/data-donnees/tourbillon-haida-eddy/DiLorenzo%20etal2005.pdf

http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/documents/data-donnees/tourbillon-haida-eddy/Miller%20etal2005.pdf

http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/data-donnees/tourbillon-haida-eddy/index-eng.html

title: User:Mosesm21/sandbox


text:
Brass instruments

Presentation
The members of the brass family of instruments produce a tone that can range from the very mellow and sweet to the very harsh and loud. Often used as both section and solo instruments in a wide range of musical styles, brass instruments are used in nearly every stylistic context.

There are several features common among all instruments of the brass family :

 * A mouthpiece, playable on its own, but very rarely played alone ;
 * A length of metal tubing, the shape of which determines the pitch and tone quality of the instrument ;
 * A method by which the length of the tubing is changed (although certain instruments do not contain such a device, such as the bugle).

A tone is produced by "buzzing" on the mouthpiece, creating vibrations through the length of tubing. The lengh of the tube is typically changed in two ways : valves and a slide.

title: Brass instruments


text:
Edward Trotter

Edward Trotter may refer to:
 * Edward Henry Trotter (1872–1916), British Army officer
 * Edward Trotter (priest) (1842–1920), Anglican archdeacon
 * Edward Kitchener Trotter, a character from Only Fools and Horses known as Grandad

title: Edward Trotter


text:
Jean-Baptiste Sipido

Jean-Baptiste Victor Sipido (20 December 1884 – 20 August 1959 ) was a Belgian anarchist who became known when he, then a young tinsmith's apprentice, attempted to assassinate the Prince of Wales at the Brussels-North railway station in Brussels on 5 April 1900.

Accusing the Prince of causing the slaughter of thousands during the Boer War in South Africa, the fifteen-year-old leaped onto the foot board of the royal compartment right before the train left the station and fired two shots through the window. Sipido missed everyone inside and was quickly wrestled to the ground.

The assassination attempt and the following trial is notable mostly for the acquittal of Sipido. His guilt was quite obvious, but he was less than 16 years old. The jury "held that by reason of his age he had not acted with discernment and could not be considered doli capax" or legally responsible. The court did not even detain Sipido in a reformatory. After the trial, Sipido immediately crossed the border to France.

The acquittal caused a very hostile reaction from Britain, with the leader of the British House of Commons, Arthur Balfour, calling it a "grave and most unfortunate miscarriage of justice".

Sipido ended his working life as technical and commercial director of the General Society of Belgian Socialist Cooperatives, later retiring to Cagnes in the Department of Alpes-Maritimes in France.

title: Jean-Baptiste Sipido


text:
Miss United States 2014

Miss United States 2014 is the 14th edition of the Miss United States beauty pageant. It took place in Washington, D.C., on July 4. It was won by a contestant from North Carolina, Elizabeth Safrit, who also became Miss World America 2014, after Miss United States acquired the license for Miss World in the US, and was the 2nd runner-up of Miss World 2014 held during December 2014 in London. Safrit crowned her successors for both Miss United States 2015 and Miss World America 2015 the following year.

State representation
The contest was attended by competitors from all states and territories of the United States. Each delegate represented their state or territory, including Guam, American Samoa, Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. The competition covered four categories: interview, swimwear, evening gown and on-stage question categories. The 16 finalists again competed in swimwear. The top 10 from that round then competed again in the evening gown category and finally the top five participated in the on-stage question. The on-stage question this year was "With the state of the current economy, how do you justify competing in pageants?".

Hosts
The pageant hosts were Steven Roddy and Stephanie McGrane. Steven Roddy is the founder of ThePageantPlanet.com, a website with interviews, updates, and news about the world of pageantry. Stephanie McGrane was then a host for PageantLive, a web-based media outlet focusing on all aspects of pageantry.

Results
The fourth runner up was Miss Pennsylvania. The third runner up was Miss Kentucky. The second runner up was Miss Delaware. Miss North Carolina, Elizabeth Safrit, became Miss United States 2014. She also became Miss World America 2014 after the Miss United States pageant acquired the license for Miss World in the US. Safrit went to place as 2nd Runner-Up at Miss World 2014 in London, UK.

The Order of Announcements
Top 16 Top 10
 * Florida
 * Hawaii
 * Kentucky
 * New Jersey
 * Massachusetts
 * Pennsylvania
 * Iowa
 * Texas
 * Delaware
 * North Carolina
 * South Carolina
 * Wyoming
 * Vermont
 * Tennessee
 * Ohio
 * Alabama
 * Iowa
 * Florida
 * Alabama
 * Pennsylvania
 * South Carolina
 * North Carolina
 * Kentucky
 * Delaware
 * Massachusetts
 * New Jersey

Delegates
The Miss United States 2014 delegates were:

 * Alabama - Jessica Escamilla
 * Alaska - Kassidy Whitley
 * 🇦🇸 American Samoa - Meagan Moana Palelei HoChing
 * Arizona - Savanna Troupe
 * Arkansas - Danielle Vaughn
 * California - Brandy Fisher
 * Colorado - Jenna Fraizer
 * Connecticut - Ashley Boate
 * Delaware - Vincenza Carrieri-Russo
 * District of Columbia - Shannon Lynch
 * Florida - Tia McDonald
 * Georgia - Amy Brady
 * 🇬🇺 Guam - Gilda Villela
 * Hawaii - Lauren Hickey
 * Idaho - Allison Urycki
 * Illinois - Brittany Middlebrooks
 * Indiana - Sylvia Crowder
 * Iowa - Jessica Versteeg
 * Kansas - Charity Stowers
 * Kentucky - Katy Moody
 * Louisiana - Alexis Corsentino
 * Maine - Katherine Meservier
 * Maryland - Amanda Ross
 * Massachusetts - Renata De Carvalho
 * Michigan - Heather Laymond
 * Minnesota - Lucia Arseni
 * Mississippi - TaNechi Temple
 * Missouri - Alexandria Steele
 * Montana - Erika Baldwin
 * Nebraska - Dara Newson
 * Nevada - Lisa Song Sutton
 * New Hampshire - Candice Dodge
 * New Jersey - Jennifer De Cillis
 * New Mexico - Elizabeth Sheron
 * New York - Julia La Roche
 * North Carolina - Elizabeth Safrit
 * North Dakota - Jamie Whitehead
 * Ohio - Chelsea Folden
 * Oklahoma - Alexys Razien
 * Oregon - Kendra Koback
 * Pennsylvania - Khari Siegfried
 * 🇵🇷 Puerto Rico - Anaís Vallejo
 * Rhode Island - Mary Kate Gorman
 * South Carolina - Mae-Ann Webb
 * South Dakota - Sierah Tyson
 * Tennessee - Jordan Davis
 * Texas - Rachel White
 * Utah - Alissa Drummond
 * Vermont - Raven Reed
 * Virginia - Phyllicia Whittingham
 * Virgin Islands (U.S.) - Jasmine Canady
 * Washington - Roksolana Drofiak
 * West Virginia - Chelsea Anderson
 * Wisconsin - Kristy McFaul
 * Wyoming - Natasha Dirck

title: Miss United States 2014


text:
Albert Vanpoulle

Albert Vanpoulle (born 24 May 1939) is a French field hockey player. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1968 Summer Olympics.

title: Albert Vanpoulle


text:
Talk:Frédéric Godart

[Untitled]
Active help needed: → (1) year of birth, → (2) place of birth, → (3) support in completing the references (especially articles). Thank you ► robomod  11:28, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I added some references. Deepdatascience (talk) 18:56, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

Notability tag
In order to work off the tags and prior to spending more time on research for the article, I wanted to provide valid arguments for the notability of the person as required by the Notability_(academics) guidelines. I am suggesting to remove the notability tag because Godart meets at least 3 of the 8 requires criterias (I didn't look into the others that deep). Additionally, it should be said that 8 out of 10 articles about Cambridge alumni would have to be removed, since they are nowhere near his academic accomplishment and mostly stubs. ► robomod 14:15, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * (1) Is covered by this source from The Conversation on this => https://theconversation.com/conversation-avec-frederic-godart-la-mode-est-confrontee-a-un-probleme-de-creativite-89435
 * (2) He received the AoM Award twice => http://obweb.org/awards/conference-awards
 * (5) Godart held the Kering chair at HEC => https://www.hec.edu/en/faculty-research/chairs/luxury

Can anyone review the references now please? Deepdatascience (talk) 20:43, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Frédéric Godart


text:
Bambi bucket

Etymology
Originally a trade name.

Noun

 * 1) A collapsible bucket suspended from a helicopter performing firefighting operations and used for lifting and dumping water or fire retardant chemicals.

title: Bambi bucket


text:
kerrata

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1) to repeat; to reread
 * 2) to rehearse
 * 3)  to partake in military exercises as a reservist
 * 4) to ply

title: kerrata


text:
Didier Palleti

Didier Palleti, C.R.L. (1587–1658) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Nice (1644–1658).

Biography
Didier Palleti was born in 1587 in Verceil, France and ordained a priest in the Canons Regular of the Lateran. On 28 Nov 1644, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent X as Bishop of Nice. On 18 Dec 1644, he was consecrated bishop by Marcantonio Franciotti, Bishop of Lucca, with Alfonso Pandolfi, Bishop of Comacchio, and Gregorio Panzani, Bishop of Mileto, with serving as co-consecrators. He served as Bishop of Nice until his death on 18 Sep 1658.

External links and additional sources

 * (for Chronology of Bishops) $[self-published]$
 * (for Chronology of Bishops) $[self-published]$

title: Didier Palleti


text:
Guangxi Bailong Nuclear Power Project

Guangxi Bailong Nuclear Power Project is a nuclear power plant proposed in Fangchenggang, near Bailong Village ( 白龙村 ), autonomous region of Guangxi (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) in China. A total of six reactors are planned to operate at the Bailong site. Units 1 and 2 are both CAP1000s, units 3–6 are planned to be based on CAP1400 reactors.

The plant is located about 24 kilometres from the border with Vietnam, about 30 km from Fangchenggang Nuclear Power Plant,

The signing ceremony for the construction of the first phase was held in Nanning in July 2006 with construction to commence in 2008.

Latest report indicates that reactor 1 will start construction on 12/30/21, with reactor 2 starting construction 10 months later. Reactor 1 is scheduled to be commissioned by August 2026, while reactor 2 will be commissioned by June 2027. Total project cost will be 390 billion yuan, or about $61.1 billion at current exchange rate (Oct 2021).

Reactor data
The Guangxi Bailong Nuclear Power Plant consist of 2 reactors under construction, and 4 reactors planned.

title: Guangxi Bailong Nuclear Power Project


text:
Maplewood–Manchester station

Maplewood–Manchester station is a light rail station on the Blue Line of the St. Louis MetroLink system. This station is located on an embankment near Manchester Road (Route 100) between South Hanley Road and Laclede Station Road in Maplewood, Missouri.

Station layout
The station is accessed by an elevator and stairs on the north side of Manchester Road and stairs on the south side of Manchester. Walkways built along its viaducts connect the station to large industrial and retail facilities to the north and south.

Public artwork
In 2007, Metro's Arts in Transit program commissioned the work If You Lived Here You’d be Home by Janet Zweig for this station. Two sculptures illuminate both sides of the station viaduct. The artwork seen while entering Maplewood from the west is the word “MAPLEWOOD” written forwards. The letterforms were created from new construction materials, referencing the renovations occurring in Maplewood and the city's future. While leaving Maplewood from the east, commuters will be presented with that same sign; however, it is “reflected” and is constructed of salvaged materials from two local houses that were demolished. This reflected side is meant to remind viewers of Maplewood’s past.

Notable places nearby

 * Downtown Maplewood

title: Maplewood–Manchester station


text:
Talk:Dennis Muren

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Dennis Muren. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050727081657/http://www.starwars.com/bio/dennismuren.html to http://www.starwars.com/bio/dennismuren.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050906154144/http://3dvfx.net/pdf_files/3dvfx_muren.pdf to http://www.3dvfx.net/pdf_files/3dvfx_muren.pdf

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:29, 6 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dennis Muren


text:
Learning the vi Editor/Details

This section describes some of the details of the vi program itself (such as command line features), and other advanced vi features for aspiring vi power users.

Command line invocation
Different vi clones of course have different ways of starting the program (invocation). Usually, however, command-line versions of vi share a common basic set of command line options. These following command line options and flags are typically available. In addition, vi can be started under different names. Depending on the name used to start vi, it may either behave slightly differently or load a different vi clone.

The common command line options and flags are

or
 * -s
 * Suppress. All interactive user feedback is suppressed (not written to the terminal). This allows to pipe editing commands through the editor, and use it as a kind of stream editor. There are probably better streaming editor tools on Unix, like sed(1), awk(1), or Perl(n).

 * Note, "-" is a common Unix notation to indicate standard input. It has been chosen as an alternative to -s by the vi authors to provide a familiar look when piping commands. It does not really mean 'read from standard input' since vi does that anyhow.

 * -C
 * Encryption. vi prompts the user for a key (a kind of password), and uses this key to encrypt its files before writing. It also uses this key to decrypt any file opened with vi. This feature is not supported by many clones, and the encryption algorithm is a very weak one (it is based on a 256-element one-rotor algorithm). The algorithm is easy to crack. It is compatible with the Unix crypt(1) command. See also -x.

 * -l
 * (lower-case letter L) Change some default settings so they are more useful for editing LISP source code.

 * -L
 * (upper case letter L) Lists all files which have been saved during a crash. See -r, too.

 * -r filename
 * Recover the file filename after a crash. Use -L to get a list of files which can be recovered.

 * -R
 * Readonly. Files can only be viewed, not written.

 * -S
 * Tags are not sorted. When a tag file is used, this flag tells vi that the tag file is not sorted, therefore vi will use a slower algorithm to look up tags. See -t, too.

 * -t tag
 * Edit (open) that file which contains the given tag. This of course requires that a tag file (called tags) is available.

 * -v
 * Start in visual mode. Only useful if the editor is started under the name ex and not vi.

 * -V
 * Verbose. Commands read via standard input are echoed to standard error. This is useful for debugging when the editor is used as a streaming editor.

 * -wnumber
 * Window size. Set the editor's number of lines to number. vi behaves as if the terminal has only number number of lines. This was used in the old days to speed up things when connecting via a slow terminal or modem line.

 * -x
 * Encryption. Similar to -C. The difference is that vi tries to guess if a file that is opened needs decryption or not. -C on the other hand always runs the decryption when a file is opened.

or
 * +command
 * -c command
 * Execute the command command before allowing the user to enter own commands. The most common usage is to use this to position the editor at some specific line in a file. E.g.

vi +10 list.txt

 * will open the file list.txt and position the cursor at line 10. Another common usage is to specify a pattern:

vi +/END script.awk

 * This will open the file <tt>script.awk</tt> and position the cursor at the first occurrence of the pattern 'END'.

As already mentioned, vi can be started using different names (all may not be available depending on the particular clone):

 * vi
 * The usual way to start vi.

 * view
 * vi starts in read-only mode.

 * vedit
 * A few settings are changed to better suit beginners: magic is cleared, showmode and novice are set, and report is set to 1.

 * ex -v
 * Same as just typing <tt>vi</tt>

General
Until now, this tutorial has just talked about commands, and that commands can be used in conjunction with things like word counts. E.g. <tt>d2w</tt> has been explained as the operator <tt>d</tt>elete applied to two words. Note the <tt>2w</tt> part. You have learned that this part specifies to which text the operator should apply. And indeed, the <tt>2w</tt> part specifies to which objects of the text (words, lines, characters etc.) the operator is supposed to be applied. And you have seen that the same object specifiers can be used with all types of operators - as long as the combination makes sense.

vi commands in fact follow a general schema. Commands are made up from operators and objects:

[[count] operator] [[number] object]

This means the operator should be executed count times on number of objects. Almost all parts are optional. Also, some operators don't take objects at all. This operator/operation syntax is vi's heart. It is why people either love or hate vi. People love it, because it is such a simple schema. Once one knows the few operators (not more than ten), and a few of the objects one can be very productive in vi. People who hate vi simply can't get this schema, and the fact that there is a difference between command and insert mode, into their heads.

Objects
We told you that things like the <tt>w</tt> command moves one word. We actually cheated a little bit when telling you this. There is no such thing as a <tt>w</tt> command. <tt>w</tt> is an object specification, not a command. The object specification was given without an explicit operator like <tt>d</tt>. In such a case vi uses the implicit default operator. And that operator is move.

Whenever you use an object specification without an operator, the operator move will be used. Therefore, object specifiers degrade to move commands. The following is a list and summary of all object specifier. Logically, you can use them in conjunction with operators, or to move around if used stand-alone. You have seen a few of them already:

Paragraph, Section, Sentence Objects

 * }
 * Everything until next paragraph end.

 * Everything until previous paragraph end.
 * Everything until previous paragraph end.

 * ]]
 * [Everything until next section end.]

 * [Everything until previous section end.]
 * [Everything until previous section end.]

 * Everything until next sentence end.
 * Everything until next sentence end.

 * Everything until previous sentence end.
 * Everything until previous sentence end.

Line Objects

 * [number]G
 * Everything until line number. If number is omitted, last (not first) line in file. The first line can be addressed as <tt>1G</tt> instead.

 * [number]H
 * number of lines after the first line currently on screen. If number is not given, the first line on the screen.

 * [number]L
 * number of lines before the last line currently on screen. If number is not given, the last line on the screen.

 * M
 * The middle line of the screen.

 * j
 * One line down from current line.

 * k
 * One line up from current line.

 * _
 * (underscore) The current line as a whole.

Positions within Lines

 * 0
 * (Digit 0). Backward to first column of line. Same as <tt>1|</tt> (not <tt>0|</tt>).

 * Backward to first non-whitespace character.
 * Backward to first non-whitespace character.

 * Forward to end of line.
 * Forward to end of line.

 * [number]|
 * Column number of the current line. If number is not given, column 1 is used.

 * tchar
 * Before the next appearance of character char on the current line.

 * Tchar
 * Backwards after the next appearance of character char on the current line.

 * fchar
 * Next appearance of character char on the current line.

 * Fchar
 * Previous appearance of character char on the current line.

 * Repetition of the last <tt>t</tt>, <tt>T</tt>, <tt>f</tt>, or <tt>F</tt> command.
 * Repetition of the last <tt>t</tt>, <tt>T</tt>, <tt>f</tt>, or <tt>F</tt> command.

 * Repetition of the last <tt>t</tt>, <tt>T</tt>, <tt>f</tt>, or <tt>F</tt> command, but in opposite direction.
 * Repetition of the last <tt>t</tt>, <tt>T</tt>, <tt>f</tt>, or <tt>F</tt> command, but in opposite direction.

or
 * <CR>
 * To the first non-whitespace character on the next line.

 * To first non-whitespace character on the previous line.
 * To first non-whitespace character on the previous line.

Word Objects

 * w
 * Forward to next begin of a word.

 * e
 * Forward to next end of a word.

 * b
 * Backwards to next begin of a word.

Character Object
or
 * h
 * <BS>
 * Left character.

or
 * l
 * <SPACE>
 * (lower-case letter L or space) Right character.

Pattern Matching Objects

 * : Forward to the beginning of the first match of pattern pattern.
 * : Backwards to the beginning of the first match of pattern pattern.
 * : Repeat the last <tt>/</tt> or <tt>?</tt>.
 * : Repeat the last <tt>/</tt> or <tt>?</tt> in opposite direction.
 * : To next matching (, {, or [.

Operators
The previously listed objects can be used as arguments to operators. If no operator is given, the default move operator is used. The number of operators in vi is surprisingly small - ten in total. Here is a list of the operators:

needs better descriptions, a few of them are separately described later in this module

Operators taking Objects

 * c : change - change the addressed objects. In fact, the text is replaced by what is typed in.

 * d : delete - delete the addressed objects. The deleted text is placed in the undo buffer.

 * y : yank - copy the text of the addressed objects into the buffer.

 * < : shift left - object arguments can only be objects which address lines Indenting and Shifting.

 * > : shift right - object arguments can only be objects which address lines Indenting and Shifting.

 * ! : bang filter-through - filter lines through an external program. Objects can only be objects addressing lines Filtering (stub).

Operators not taking Objects
r, s,

 * x : Delete character. Use the d operator for deleting other objects than characters.

 * ~ : Flip case of character at cursor position. An uppercase letter becomes its lowercase equivalent, and a lowercase letter becomes its uppercase equivalent.

Special Operator Forms
There are two special forms when typing an operator:

 * 1) Typing the character in upper-case, instead of lower-case. E.g. <tt>Y</tt> instead of <tt>y</tt>, and
 * 2) doubling the character. E.g. <tt>yy</tt> instead of <tt>y</tt>.

'Strange' lines on the screen
vi was written at a time when terminal or modem connections were slow. Therefore, vi used several optimisation techniques to limit the need for redrawing the whole screen. In such cases, vi used to display lines beginning with a special marker. Modern vi's seldom have the need for such performance optimizations any more, but they still have the habit to display such lines.

There are two special markers used:

~line A leading '~' indicates that the line is past the end of the file (non-existent). This can be observed, for example, when vi is started on a new or empty file.

@line The line is only on the screen, not in the file. This happens for deleted lines. If wrap is enabled (the default), this also happens for lines that are too long to show on the screen all at once.

Indenting and shifting
vi supports auto-indentation of text lines and also provides command for manual indentation. This is useful when editing program source code. It is a common convention in many programming languages to use indentation to increase readability of the source code.

Options
The option <tt>shiftwidth</tt> (sw) determines how much space is used for indentation. E.g.

shiftwidth=4 or sw=4

tells vi to use four spaces for indentation.

The option [<tt>no</tt>]<tt>autoindent</tt> (ai) tells vi to use auto indentation or not. Auto indentation is turned on by

autoindent or ai

And it is turned off by

noautoindent or noai

Command Mode
Shifting lines is done with the commands. < moves the text one <tt>shiftwidth</tt> to the left (outdenting), while > moves the text one <tt>shiftwidth</tt> to the right (indenting). The number of lines which can be affected are specified in vi's typical way. However, only  objects which identify lines, and not objects which identify words or individual characters can be used.

E.g.

>G

moves all lines from the current line until the end of the file to the right.

Or

<}

moves all lines from the current line until the end of the paragraph to the left. Of course, the shift commands can be used in conjunction with <tt>%</tt>, which indicates the next opening bracket. E.g. to shift the lines encompassing the current cursor position up to the first line with a matching (, {, or [ to the left one would type:

<%

Like with all commands it is also possible to specify a line count:

or
 * [number]<<
 * <[number]<
 * Moves number of lines, starting at the current line, one <tt>shiftwidth</tt> to the left (outdenting). If number is not given, 1 is assumed - this leads to the shifting of the current line to the left.

or
 * [number]>>
 * >[number]>
 * Moves number of lines, starting at the current line, one <tt>shiftwidth</tt> to the right (indenting). If number is not given, 1 is assumed - this leads to the shifting of the current line to the right.

The commands can also be used with a marker. In this case, the reference to the marker is placed between the two characters of the command:

 * <'m<
 * Shifts the lines from the marker m up and including the current line to the left.

 * >'m>
 * Shifts the lines from the marker m up and including the current line to the right.

Insert Mode

 * ^t
 * Moves shiftwidth to the right. Note, it is a common mistake to use the <TAB> key instead of <tt>^t</tt>. <TAB> inserts a Ctrl-I character and moves to the next multiple of tabstop, and not to shiftwidth. So <TAB> only works if tabstop and shiftwidth are set to the same value.

 * Since it is not a good idea to set tabstop to anything else than 8, <TAB> can only be used instead of <tt>^t</tt> for indenting when shiftwidth is also set to 8.

 * ^d
 * In autoindent mode, backtabs one shiftwidth. E.g. if autoindent is on, and one wants to enter the follwing text:

if(true) { printf("done"); // start sw indent return; } // bracket moved back to the left

 * one would type

if(true) {<CR> ^tprintf("done"); // start sw indent<CR> return;<CR> ^d} // bracket moved back to the left<CR>

There are some special variants of <tt>^d</tt>, too:

 * ^ ^d
 * (the letter ^ followed by Ctrl-D). When this is typed first on a new line, all autoindent is killed (the insertion point is moved to the beginning of the line). Autoindent is then continued on the next line.

 * E.g. to enter the following text when using autoindenting

an indented paragraph another line in the indented paragraph .F roff formating commands have to start at column one with a '.' more text in the indented paragraph

one would type

^tan indented paragraph<CR> another line in the indented paragraph<CR> ^^d.F roff formating commands have to start at column one with a '.'<CR> more text in the indented paragraph<CR>

 * 0^d
 * (the digit 0 followed by Ctrl-D). Kills all autoindent (moves cursor to the beginning of the line), and leaves autoindent off, until text is once manually indented (using <tt>^t</tt>).

 * E.g. to enter the following text when using autoindenting

INTEGER FUNCTION FAC(N) FAC = 1 DO 100 I = 2, N          FAC = I * FAC C C PROVIDE LABEL TO END LOOP C A HINT FOR THOSE GRASSHOPPERS: THIS IS FORTRAN CODE :-) C 100 CONTINUE      RETURN      END
 * one would type

<ESC>:set sw=5<CR> o^tINTEGER FUNCTION FAC(N)<CR> FAC = 1<CR> DO 100 I = 2, N<CR> ^tFAC = I * FAC<CR> 0^dC<CR> C PROVIDE LABEL TO END LOOP<CR> C A HINT FOR THOSE GRASSHOPPERS: THIS IS FORTRAN CODE :-)<CR> C<CR> 100 CONTINUE<CR> ^tRETURN<CR> END<CR>

Modelines
Modelines are lines in text files which are specially interpreted by vi when such a text file is opened. When the <tt>modeline</tt> (<tt>ml</tt>) (in some version of vi also called <tt>modelines</tt>) option is turned on (e.g. in the users <tt>.exrc</tt> file), vi scans the first and last five lines of each opened file for text of the form

unrelated text <tt>vi:</tt>command<tt>:</tt> more unrelated text

or

unrelated text <tt>ex:</tt>command<tt>:</tt> more unrelated text

Each command from such lines is taken and executed as it would have been typed by the user. Any text in front of the modeline-marker (<tt>vi:</tt> or <tt>ex:</tt>) or behind the closing <tt>:</tt> is ignored for the modeline interpretation. This can be used to place modelines in comments if they are used in some programming source code.

Here is an example Java source code file. It contains a modeline on the second and third line, in a Java comment:

/*  * vi:set sw=4 ai: * vi:set showmatch: */

package gnu.freesoftware; public class Interpreter { public Interpreter ...         ...

When modelines are turned on, and this file is opened, <tt>shiftwidth</tt> (<tt>sw</tt>) is set to 4, <tt>autoindent</tt> (<tt>ai</tt>) is turned on, and the <tt>showmatch</tt> (<tt>sm</tt>) option is turned on, too. There is no particular reason why two <tt>set</tt> commands on two modelines are used other than to demonstrate that all modeline commands found in the first and last five lines are executed, and not just the first.

Modelines can be used to play some practical jokes. E.g., a file with the modeline

vi:q!:

immediately closes the editor and makes it impossible to edit the file as long as modelines are turned on.

Modelines get outright dangerous if they mess with system files. E.g., if the super user (administrator) of a Unix system has modelines turned on, and is tricked into opening a file with the following modeline, the important Unix password file is overwritten with the contents of the opened file:

vi:2,$w! /etc/passwd: root:A shiny new root password:0:0:System Administrator:/:/bin/sh anotheruser:Another shiny new password:1:0:Just another user:/home/anotheruser:/bin/sh

Therefore modelines should only be turned on in a controlled environment. This is sad, since in principle it is a nice idea that files are able to provide the editor with a configuration best suited to edit that file.

There are some other problems with modelines. Classic vi versions always set a file's status to modified if they find a modeline, even if no editing in the file has taken place. This forces the user to leave the editor with <tt>:q!</tt> instead of just <tt>:q</tt>. If instead <tt>ZZ</tt> is used to leave, the file is written. This causes tools like make to think the file has changed if it in fact hasn't.

.exrc Configuration File
''This module is a stub. You can help Wikibooks by fixing it.'' For a start:

.exrc files are files containing vi (and ex) configuration data. The format of the data in such a file is that of ex commands, without the leading ':' (column). Typically, .exrc files are used to load some default mappings (map and map! ex commands) or define particular defaults. E.g. the following .exrc file would set autoindent and the shiftwidth when vi is started:

set ai set sw=4

Normally, a .exrc file is placed in the user's home directory. Since the file name starts with a '.', the file is hidden under Unix-like operating systems. It is possible to place .exrc files in other directories, too. Vi can read the .exrc file in the current directory from which it is started. However, this feature is considered a security risk and turned off by default. It is considered a risk, because similar jokes can be played with .exrc files as with what has been described for modelines. The .exrc file in a user's home directory is considered safe, because on a correctly configured Unix system only the particular user should have write access to it.

There are three important things which should be observed when working with a classic vi and .exrc files:

 * 1) .exrc files must not contain empty lines. Classic vi chokes on these lines with all kinds of cryptic error messages.
 * 2) There is no official way to place a comment in .exrc files. However, since the beginning of time the following hack is used and is known to work: A line which starts with a " (quotation character) is ignored by vi.
 * 3) Classic vi is very picky about map and map! commands. Definitions which by all means should work can trigger strange error messages. This is due to classic vi's limited parser and interpreter for such definitions. Spliting a map or map1 command in several smaller ones can sometimes help.

Many clones have relaxed these rules by allowing empty lines in an .exrc file, and by officially specifying the " as the comment character. Also, good clones should have no problem with map or map! specifications.

" " This is a comment in an .exrc file " A .exrc file must not contain empty lines, so " comment lines need to be used to separate entries " set sm set sw=8 " set wm=8 " " map 'g' to go to begin of file map g 1G " rcs check-out (/co) and check-in (/ci) map /co :w! %.co.bak^M:!co -l %^M:e! map /ci :w^M:!ci -u %^M:e!^M " " Abbreviations ab Lx Linux

Overview
Vi can use so called tag files (or tags) to allow for quick navigation (jump) to "interesting" information in a set of files. The most common usage for this is to navigate within source code files. E.g. to jump from the usage of a certain function to the function's definition, possibly in another file.

The mechanism is relatively simple. You tell vi to go to a particular tag. vi looks up the file in which the tag can be found, opens that file and jumps to the location of the tag in that file. In order to find the file and position of a tag, vi consults a tag file. A tag file contains an index of tags. A tag is an item (e.g. some programming language object) for which such an index entry can be found in a tag file. When vi is asked to jump to a particular tag, vi looks up the index entry for that tag, and uses the information to jump to the particular item.

In order to use this feature one first has to create a tag file, or a set of tag files, containing entries for all potentially interesting items. These tag file or files then need to be made known to vi - if the default file name is not used. This can e.g. be done by having appropriate commands in an <tt>.exrc</tt> file.

Modern IDEs provide similar navigation features, but without the need to build a tag file separately. IDEs build the necessary index on-the-fly or use fast brute-force full-text search algorithms. The need for the extra step of creating a tag file for vi is annoying by modern standards. Still, vi's tag file system works and is usable.

Tag File Format, Creation & ctags(1)
The creation of a tag file typically requires to use a tool which analyses the input text files (e.g. programming source code) and generates entries for each item of interest found in the input text file. The most common tool is called ctags(1) and is a standard Unix program. Several vi clones come with own versions of ctags, sometimes called differently.

ctags knows the syntax of a number of programming languages and generates index information for items like function names, and macro definitions.

In case ctags is not available, or the available version of ctags does not support the programming language in use it is also possible to generate tag files with text processing tools like awk(1), sed(1) or perl(n) and some clever scripts, because tag files are ASCII files.

Typically an entry in a tag file looks like

tag-name<TAB>file-name<TAB>ex-command

 * tag-name
 * The name of the item. E.g. a function name or macro name.

 * file-name
 * The name of the file in which the tag-name item can be found

 * ex-command
 * An ex editor command indicating how to locate the item in the file. This can be any ex command. But two types of ex commands make the most sense:

 * 1) In the simple form ex-command is a line number, which is indeed a valid ex command.
 * 2) Usually, however, it is a better idea to use a search pattern like <tt>/</tt>tag-name<tt>/</tt>. This provides some flexibility if the file is edited later. It reduces the number of times the tag file has to be re-build, because something moved inside a file. ctags also mostly generates pattern search commands and not line numbers.

Typically vi clones allow for some extensions of this format. Check the particular documentation.

A tag file should be sorted in alphabetic order to speed up operation. If this can't be done, vi's -S command line option can be used.

It is usually not a good idea to generate tag files by manually running ctags or an own tool. Instead the building of tag files is usually better integrated into the software build system. For Unix this means using Makefiles. Typically, the make(1s) targets for generating tag files are called tags, because that's the name of the to be created tag file:

SRCS = ... # all source code tags: $(SRCS) ctags -dt $(SRCS)
 * 1) Makefile snippet

Ex Commands
By default, vi looks in a file called <tt>tags</tt> for any tags. This file name can be changed with the following ex command. In fact, more than one file name can be specified. They are all loaded to find tags. The command is maybe best placed in a project-specific <tt>.exrc</tt> file.

 * : set tags=filename[\ filename ...]<CR>
 * Set name of files which contain tag information. The syntax of the command varies a little bit from vi to vi version if more than one tag filename is supposed to be provided. Filenames have either to be separated by "<tt>\ </tt>" (backslash space) or "<tt>;</tt>" (semicolon).

Naviation to tags can be done via the following ex command. There is also a vi command to do this.

 * : ta tag-name<CR>
 * or

 * : tag tag-name<CR>
 * Look up the tag-name in the tags file(s), open the file named in the index entry and execute the ex-command from the index entry. This effectively positions the user at the file and position where the symbol tag-name is defined. The command also remembers the current file and position on the tag stack.

EX commands in vi
Ex is a line editor that serves as the foundation for the screen editor vi. Ex commands work on the current line or on a range of lines in a file.

Syntax of Ex commands

':' specifies an Ex command.

Address

The 'address' specifies the lines number or range of lines that are the object of command.If no address is given, the current line is the object of the command.

Address Ranges can be specified by any of the following ways in Ex command syntax. Commands

Options

Vi Commands
Navigation to tags can be done via the following vi command:

 * ^]
 * Take the tag-name at the cursor position, look it up in the tag file(s) and navigate to it, similar to the <tt>:ta</tt> ex command. The command also remembers the current file and position on the tag stack.

The following command uses the tag stack to go back to the previous position. Older vi's don't have it implemented:

 * ^T
 * Get the previous position and file from the tag stack and return to it. The data is removed from the file.

Command Line
Vi can also be started with a tag name instead of a file name. See the -t command line option.

Shell escape
While one is working in vi there might arise a need to run another operating system command. In these modern days this is not a big issue. One can open another terminal window and do as pleased. However, this is not necessary when working with vi. Vi, like many of the older interactive Unix tools, contains features to run operating system commands or start a command line interpreter (shell) from within the editor. This dates back to the times when there were no graphical user interfaces and an editor like vi would take up the complete screen of the terminal (a real terminal of course, not a terminal emulation). Being able to run commands from vi spares one the need to first quit the editor just to look something up, e.g. in a manual page.

In addition, vi provides features to insert the text output of other commands directly into the text under editing.

Ex Commands
The editor commands to run another command from within vi are in fact implemented as ex commands. That is, they start with the familiar ':' in command mode.

To execute one command from within vi, one would type

<CR>

At the end of the command one has to hit Return (the second <CR> shown above) to go back to vi. Vi then repaints the screen and continues where editing was left.

In order to repeat the last command, one can simply type

<CR>

It is possible to append to a previous command by using <tt>:!!</tt>, followed by whatever should be appended. For example, the second of the following two commands

<CR> :!! | more<CR> <CR>

is actually equal to

<CR>

(Note, ls is the Unix command to list a directory, more is the Unix command to paginate output, so it doesn't just scroll off the screen).

Once something is appended to a command, it becomes part of the last remembered command. So in the example above, another

<CR>

would be equal to

<CR>

and not

<CR>

Two placeholders can be used in shell escapes to denote the current file name or the name of the previously edited file name:

 * % :is a placeholder for the current file name,
 * # :is a placeholder for the previously edited file name.

For example, if one is editing some shell script and wants to try it out, one could type the following commands to save the file (<tt>:w</tt>), set the file's attributes to executable (<tt>!chmod ...</tt>), and run it (<tt>!%</tt>):

:!chmod 755 %<CR> <CR> :!%<CR> <CR>

If the file's name is, e.g. script.sh, the above would be equal to typing

:!chmod 755 script.sh<CR> <CR> :!script.sh<CR> <CR>

Instead of running a command from within vi it is also possible to start the shell from within vi. vi has an own command for this, which looks up the user's default shell (e.g. the Bourne shell or the C shell) and starts it. It is important to note that a new shell is started. The user is not returned to the shell from which vi was started. The command is called :sh, and it can be used as it follows:

<ESC>:sh<CR> $ #shell commands, when done exit shells: $ exit<CR>

Vi Commands
It is possible to filter all or parts of a text currently under editing through an external program. The original text is then replaced with the output of the external command.

The classic example for this feature is the usage of the Unix text formatter fmt. vi itself doesn't have any specific formating capabilities, however, by running the text or parts of it through an external formater from within vi, the desired formatting is easily achieved.

The vi command for filtering text is <tt>!</tt> (note, as opposed to the ex shell escape command, there is no leading <tt>:</tt>). <tt>!</tt> follows the usual vi command format. So one can specify the scope to which it should apply. E.g. <tt>!!</tt> means to filter the current line, or <tt>!}</tt> means to filter the current paragraph.

The <tt>!</tt> vi command has to be followed by by the name of the external program to be used for filtering. E.g. in order to format the current paragraph with the already mentioned Unix text formatter fmt, one would type

!}fmt<CR>

<tt>!</tt> can also be used to just insert the output of some external command into the currently edited text. To do so, one would first create a new empty line (e.g. with <tt>o</tt>), and then use <tt>!!</tt> to replace the empty line with the output of a command. For example,

o<ESC>!!ls<CR>

would include a listing of the files in the current directory into the text under Unix.

Execute command from Buffer
''This module is a stub. You can help Wikibooks by fixing it.''

 * @b
 * Execute command stored in buffer b.

vi for Programmers
Classic vi provides a number of features which are useful for programmers. Vi was made by programmers for programmers -- but at a time when programming was different. Classic vi's programming support is, by today's standards, not too great, but of course still usable. And it is still more convenient to use vi for editing programming code than any of the ...pad editors like notepad (Windows) or dtpad (CDE/Motif). vi probably works best on Unix systems due to the many text filters that come with Unix and the ease with which additional special-purpose filters can be scripted.

Useful features in vi for programmers are:

Autoindent and manual Shifting of Lines
See Indenting and shifting

Modelines
Modelines to set per-language defaults - if security is not an issue (see Modelines)

Tags for Navigating
See Tags

Shell Escapes
See Shell escape

<ESC>:w<CR> :!make<CR>
 * One way to use shell escapes is to run a makefile or the compiler from within vi. It is in general a good idea to first save the current file before trying to compile it:

or <ESC>:w<CR> :!cc %<CR>

and afterwards <ESC>:w<CR> :!!<CR>

 * Another way is filter source code through an external command, e.g. through a comment-reformator for the specific language. For example, the following command will filter the current paragraph through a external comment-reformator called recomment (not a standard Unix program, but available as a separate script).

!} recomment
 * See for the recomment script for Unix.

Editing multiple Files
vi can be started with a list of files:

vi file1 file2 file3 ...

Combined with other Unix features, like file matching, this can be a powerful feature. E.g. to open all C source code, including header files in a directory (.h), the following command can be used:

vi *.[ch]

Or to find all files which contain a certain keyword and open them, something like

vi `grep -l Keyword *.txt`

can be used.

Once vi has been started with a list of files it is possible to navigate within the list with the following commands:

 * :n : next - Move to the next file in the file list
 * :rew : rewind - rewind the file list and open the first file in the list.

vi clones like vim typically provide more commands, e.g. to go back one file in the file list.

Flip between two Files
:e x.h <CR> some changes to x.h, then going back to x.c <ESC>:w<CR> :e#<CR>
 * Flip between two files using <tt>#</tt> as the name of the last file. E.g. to flip between a C source file and the corresponding header file.

 * Flipping between two files using <tt>CTRL-^</tt>. This is one of the forgotten vi commands.

The error(1) Program
The error(1) program on Unix can be used to capture error messages from compilers and later jump from error message to error message in the editor. error's way of working is archaic. It parses error messages from the compiler and inserts them as comments into the source file in which the compiler detected the error. Since error marks error messages with <tt>###</tt> and <tt>%%%</tt> in the source file, navigation can be done with vi commands like <tt>/</tt> and <tt>n</tt>.

There are two common ways to use error with vi: $ cc *.c 2>&1 | error -v # |     - the output is feed to error as input
 * 1) From outside vi and letting error start vi. error can start vi on all files which produced an error during compilation, using the <tt>-v</tt> flag:
 * 1) Notes:
 * 2)  cc    - the C compiler
 * 3)  *.c   - all C files in the current directory
 * 4)  2>&1  - Standard error output is redirected to normal standard output
 * 2. From inside vi, on the current file. First the file is saved, then it is tried to compile it, processing potential error messages with error, then the potentially changed source file is re-read (<tt>:e!</tt>), and finally the first mark is searched with <tt>/###</tt>:

first time <ESC>:w<CR> :!cc % 2>&1 | error <CR> :e! <CR> /###<CR>

and afterwards <ESC>:w<CR> :!! <CR> :e! <CR> /###<CR>

 * Note : : error is a horrible kludge and can really mess up source code and a version control system! We recommend you try it at least once and form your own opinion. Also have a look at error's man page first. vi clones like vim provide a much more sensible system. Here the editor executes the compiler (or make(1s)) and captures the output of the compiler. The information is recorded in an error message file by vim. vim then allows to navigate the source code by extracting file names and line numbers from the error message and jump to these positions. This is the same mechanism as provided by IDEs.

Macros & Shortcuts
vi's provides the <tt>:map</tt> and <tt>:map!</tt> commands to define useful shortcuts and macros, and <tt>ab</tt> to provide abbreviations.

 * Todo: Provide a few such macros?

qqI//<Esc>jq places a comment at the beginning of a line and moves down
 * Is this (above) what you mean by macro?

Overview
vi provides support for editing text files for the Unix typesetters nroff and troff. The most "common" usage for this typesetter these days is probably to write manual (man) pages for Unix applications.

The support for writing nroff/troff input text files is always active, there is no special vi mode or option which needs to be turned on. Already from this it can be concluded that there aren't too many nroff/troff specific operations in vi. In fact, vi just provides simple ways to navigate between nroff/troff paragraphs and sections. Nevertheless, these features help when editing nroff/troff files.

nroff's/troff's text file format is simple. Normal text and macros are mixed, where macros indicate how the text should be formatted. A macro starts with a '.' in column one, followed by a one or two letter macro name followed by optional macro arguments. A typical nroff/troff text file with some macros might look like:

.SH "A SECTION HEADER" Some text making up the first paragraph in the section. More text in the paragraph. .PP A new paragraph has been started. More text in this second paragraph. .PP Yet another paragraph. .\" .\" A comment infront of the next section header .\" .SH "SECTION HEADER 2" Paragraph text.

To simplify navigation in such a text file vi knows the common macro names for sections (the <tt>.SH</tt> in the above example) and paragraphs (the <tt>.PP</tt> in the example) and provides commands to move to the next/previous section. The list of macro names is configurable in vi.

Several of the common vi features also help when editing nroff/troff text. E.g. shell escapes to run the typesetter from within vi. The following will format the current file with the manual page macros:

<ESC>:w<CR> : !nroff -man % | more<CR>

Options
The following options are used to define the nroff/troff macro names as known by vi. Like all options, one changes them by using the <tt>:set</tt> ex command:

 * sections :List of macro names which vi interprets as section delimiters. Two consecutive characters in the list form one macro name. Typically, vi's default contains <tt>.SH</tt>, <tt>.NH</tt>, <tt>.H</tt>, and <tt>.HU</tt>. So the sections option reads like

sections=SHNHH HU

 * paragraphs :or
 * para :List of macro names which vi interprets as paragraph delimiters. Two consecutive characters in the list form one macro name. vi's default typically contains <tt>.IP</tt>, <tt>.LP</tt>, <tt>.PP</tt>, <tt>.QP</tt>, <tt>.PL</tt>, <tt>.Ib</tt>, <tt>.p</tt>. So the paragraphs option reads like

paragraphs=IPLPPPQPPLIbp

Vi Commands
When in command mode, the following commands relate to working on nroff/troff text:

 * [[ :Moves to the previous section.

 * ]] :Moves to the next section.

 * { :Moves to the previous paragraph.

 * } :Moves to the next paragraph.

And, for completeness:

 * ( :Moves to the previous sentence.

 * ) :Moves to the next sentence.

title: Learning the vi Editor/Details


text:
MUMPS Programming

MUMPS is a programming language. It is named after the acronym Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming Systems.

If you have programmed before and would like to see a little bit of how MUMPS works and is different from other programming languages, you can get an overview.

Contents

 * Beginning MUMPS
 * MUMPS syntax and functions Lines, spaces, commands & arguments
 * /Basic Terminology- Routines & Globals/ Programs: Routines,  Database: Globals
 * MUMPS features
 * MUMPS and data
 * MUMPS code and interfaces
 * Setting up to Program MUMPS Set up the IDE and Install MUMPS
 * Advanced MUMPS
 * History of MUMPS

Beginning MUMPS

 * Basic Concepts
 * Variables
 * Simple Input and Output
 * Simple math in MUMPS
 * Program Flow
 * Procedures and Functions
 * Libraries
 * Standard libraries
 * Further math in MUMPS
 * Basics of Compilation
 * Exercises

In-depth MUMPS ideas

 * Pointers and relationship to arrays
 * String Manipulation
 * Programming Structure and Style
 * MUMPS complex types
 * Memory Management
 * Error Catching
 * Variable Indirection
 * closures and Xecution of data

MUMPS and beyond

 * Language Overloading and Extensions
 * Combining Languages
 * Commented Source Code Library

title: MUMPS Programming


text:
Dianthus serotinus

Dianthus serotinus, called the late pink, late-coming pink, late carnation or late-coming carnation due to its tendency to bloom from June to October, is a species of Dianthus native to the Pannonian Basin of Hungary and nearby areas. It prefers to grow in the sand-steppe or other sandy soils.

title: Dianthus serotinus


text:
Talk:Devid Naryzhnyy

Orphaned references in Devid Naryzhnyy
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Devid Naryzhnyy's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "ISU-1819": From Elizaveta Khudaiberdieva:  From Nikita Nazarov:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 05:04, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Devid Naryzhnyy


text:
CACS/Glossary/HTML

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) (Internet) A document publishing language that mixes content, formatting rules, and processing scripts to create Web Pages. The HTML source is interpreted and displayed by a browser on the end user's computer. HTML is an open specification maintained through a consortium of major vendors and corporations known as the W3C. The most recent, full version of the language specification is HTML 4.01 and dates from December 1999. It can be downloaded from the W3C Web Site.

HTML (or .htm) is also used as a file extension for a stored web page that uses the language.

title: CACS/Glossary/HTML


text:
Volcano Live

Volcano Live is a live television programme broadcast on BBC Two from 9 July 2012. The show was commissioned following the success of other "live" programmes such as Stargazing Live. Volcano Live was presented over four nights by Kate Humble and Iain Stewart from the Kīlauea volcano on Hawaii's Big Island. Comedian Ed Byrne presented segments, which attempted to discover the principles behind volcanic phenomena. Volcano Live also featured pre-recorded reports and interviews in addition to the real-time broadcast. Webcams showed volcanic activity from around the world and online features included a geothermal map of current volcanic events.

Overview
Volcano Live was commissioned following the success of Stargazing Live and Lambing Live. The controller of BBC Two, Janice Hadlow, stated "Volcano Live will offer BBC Two viewers a rare opportunity to join world-class experts at the forefront of cutting-edge volcanology research. Broadcasting live from the edge of one of the world's most active volcanoes over four days will offer a completely new and unique way of experiencing this powerful and unpredictable natural phenomenon."

Kate Humble and Professor Iain Stewart were chosen to present the live show. Stewart had not done live television before, while Humble had previously presented many shows, including Springwatch. Stewart has been studying volcanoes for twenty years and his journey to the Bay of Naples in Italy to explain about devastating eruptions was shown in the third episode. Humble traveled to Iceland a few months before the show was broadcast to get a closer look at Eyjafjallajökull and to learn about the people who study and live near to other volcanoes. A writer for the BBC's Media Centre said "As Kate embarks on a journey of discovery, geologist Iain provides context and insight and together they guide viewers through the science of volcanology." Comedian Ed Byrne presented segments on experimental volcanology and the principles behind volcanic phenomena in the University of Bristol research laboratories.

The show was broadcast live from the active Kīlauea volcano on Hawaii over four days starting from 9 July. The Media Centre writer added that Volcano Live would allow viewers to connect with the active terrain that impacts the land and lives around it. The Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park and scientists of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory hosted the production. Pre-recorded footage featuring interviews with experts, expeditions of volcanologists and demonstrations was added into the real-time broadcast. Humble and Stewart operated out of a specialised motor home and used Kīlauea to help explain the science of volcanoes. Online features included a "geothermal map" of current worldwide volcanic events.

Ratings
The first episode opened with 2.49 million viewers and had an audience share of 10.8% according to overnight data. The second episode posted a small decrease, pulling in 2.24 million viewers and an audience share of 10.2%. 167,000 people watched the episode on the BBC HD channel, attaining a 0.76% share. Episode three gained 2.04 million viewers and a 10% share.

Critical response
Ahead of the first episode airing, John Robinson from The Guardian stated "It's interesting, then, that the BBC's next live nature step should be this: wherein Kate Humble and geologist Iain Stewart attempt to sex-up vulcanology at Kilauea, Hawaii. Undoubtedly a professional job will be done, but at the ideas stage this sounds more whimper than bang." The Metro's Larushka Ivan-Zadeh and Sharon Lougher wrote "Stargazing Live, Planet Earth Live, Springwatch Live: carry on at this rate and we'll have Allotment Live, Out The Back by the Bins Live… but before then, it's a chance for a volcano to have its turn in the spotlight. That volcano is Hawaii's Kilauea, the world's most active. Kate Humble and Prof Iain Stewart are the pair risking the red-hot lava as they broadcast from the edge of the crater, while comedian Ed Byrne randomly pops up to explain more about the science. Hey, if anyone can make molten rocks fun, he can."

Writing for the Radio Times Paul Jones commented Humble was "just the job" for a show like Volcano Live, while Stewart "had Professor Brian Cox's knack of making rocks seem exciting, as well as his habit of using everyday items as props". Jones added that the only problem he had with the programme was that the molten lava rolling down the hill "exposing that cinder toffee interior", made him wonder what was for dessert. A reporter for the Shropshire Star gave the show a negative review, saying "as we sat back and anticipated the biggest and best pyrotechnic displays that nature has to offer, we were instead given a comedian armed with Mentos and diet Coke trying to figure out the difference between spurting and seepage." The reporter added "credit must be given to both presenters who worked tirelessly to inject a bit of life into the show. But unless Humble and Stewart had been propelled into the stratosphere atop a lava fountain, then there was nothing unique about this live experience that I hadn't seen before on a GCSE geography programme."

title: Volcano Live