text:
Talk:Steve Kaufmann

Contested deletion
This page should not be speedily deleted because... (your reason here) --Deathlibrarian (talk) 12:23, 18 August 2020 (UTC) I believe enough RS is listed here establishing Steve Kaufmann as a noted figure in languages and as a linguist. As a Hyperpolyglot, along with Richard Simcott, he is arguably one of the few people in the world who can speak between 12 and 24 languages (depending on the source and how they qualifiy it). Obviously a notable figure. Deathlibrarian (talk) 12:23, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Whether he is notable or not, enough has changed since the AfD, including new coverage of him within the past year, that the new article should not be deleted under speedy criterion G4. Deletion would require a new AfD. —C.Fred (talk) 17:21, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes I a agree, its been years since the last one, there is a bit of coverage since then. Deathlibrarian (talk) 23:17, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

Awards
I have seen multiple references to Kaufmann having awards, I know it was some award for language blogging - does anyone know the name of it? Deathlibrarian (talk) 07:13, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

Non Promotional
Please don't put promotional elements, nameing of products on this page. The page is mainly about his abilties as a hyperpolyglot, and his activities and theories with learning language. Obvious mentions of products on this page will get it deleted. Deathlibrarian (talk) 07:24, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

deletion of page AFD listing
This page has been again listed for deletion - for those wanting to participate int he dicussion, the link is here - Please contribute to the deletion discussion Here - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2020_August_19#Steve_Kaufmann

Problem tag
Khiikiat has tagged this for being advertorial, and not neutral. Please advise the specific issues, so they can be removed, because I'm not sure what you are referring to - to me it looks pretty fact based. Thanks! Deathlibrarian (talk) 00:12, 25 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I agree, as I pointed out in my AFD comments. The article looks fine to me. I'm especially puzzled by the neutrality tag. Maybe it's memories of previous versions of the article? Curiocurio (talk) 00:21, 25 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I have asked for specifics for exactly what the problem is, because I can't see the issue. Because it was accused of being promotional in the past, I've specifically not mentioned the names of his web app, or even the names of any of his books, just really focussing on his abilities, and his youtube videos which are free (and very popular). Its pretty barebones, not sure what else I can do! If the editor doesn't provide more detail about that the issues are, I will remove the tag...

...as you say, it may be opinion from the previous AFD?. Deathlibrarian (talk) 03:59, 25 August 2020 (UTC)

To add to article
Basic information to add to this article: in which city/country he is based. It seems to be West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, yet this isn't mentioned anywhere in the text of the article. That's not very encyclopedic! <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:21, 14 January 2022 (UTC)

Unreliable, heavily biased
Steve and his kids are the only ones who've contributed info to this page, it's been deleted and recreated (by Steve) at least twice, Steve also deleted all warnings about quality of sources, and Steve's account has been repeatedly banned for sock puppetry regarding this page specifically.

He has no training or education in language learning or linguistics in general. He began learning languages at 62 by his own admission, which is awesome and impressive but in no way makes him a leading expert on language learning, let alone one of the world's most proficient polyglots. This is basically just advertising for his app and website. LaymansLinguist (talk) 08:35, 14 June 2023 (UTC)

 * In broad brushstrokes, I agree, but on the specific claim that he started learning languages at age 62, I would need to see a source (as he has a complex narrative of learning many languages earlier in life). "He has no training or education in language learning or linguistics in general."  This is CERTAINLY true, and it shows. " and Steve's account has been repeatedly banned for sock puppetry regarding this page specifically…" (1) Ah, what a tangled web we weave… (2) the actual sources being cited in footnotes are most often Steve himself, so the article heavily relies on his own attestation, even if one of his fans wrote it, instead of the man himself. 20:06, 29 June 2023 (UTC) 2001:569:BEF5:1700:7D8D:D2DB:4433:E4A4 (talk) 20:06, 29 June 2023 (UTC)

NPOV dispute
(1) The article as a whole does indeed sound like shameless self-promotion, and is not suitable for the biography of a living person.

(2) Do you notice that the article claims that he learned Chinese _IN JUST ONE YEAR_ back in 1969? I have seen him attempting to speak Chinese in youtube videos circa 2020, and he is still not remotely fluent in the language today: it is not credible —generally— for any European-language-speaker to claim that they gained fluency in Chinese in just one year, but it is especially dubious in the context of someone who has (much more recently than 1969!) demonstrated just how little command of the language he now has. Oh, and what source is cited for this extraordinary claim? The man himself, boasting. The same problem, in principle, recurs throughout the article.

(3) He is the C.E.O. of a company that (reportedly!) earns 1.9 million dollars per year: a wikipedia article about someone in that position should have a much more NPOV tone (imagine if this guy were the C.E.O. of a car company, or even a solar power company: all of these claims about him and his work would be much more carefully meted out). 20:02, 29 June 2023 (UTC) 2001:569:BEF5:1700:7D8D:D2DB:4433:E4A4 (talk) 20:02, 29 June 2023 (UTC)

 * Well I don't know how his Chinese was in '69, but you know that with language it's "use it or lose it". Synotia (moan) 14:29, 9 January 2024 (UTC)
 * The amount of downright lies is insane in this talk page. First of, to say that steve kaufmann is not fluent in chinese is a hilariously obvious lie (I'm curious how you came to this conclusion. I mean do you even speak chinese?). Second of all his fluency in a year claim is based on his time in hong kong where he studied chinese full time to become a foreign diplomat (translator) for the Canadian government. After 10 months of study he passed the british diplomatic service advanced exam so he is objectively fluent in the language. The stuff about the page reading like an advertisement is fair enough if true (although I don't think mentioning the mere existence of his app is "advertising") but please for the love of god do some research before you start trashing the guy. Theres also some guy on here who claims steve kaufmann started learning languages at 63 and that is just ridiculously misinformed. T-Eddy44 (talk) 00:32, 12 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Steve Kaufmann


text:
Scottsbluff Republican

The Scottsbluff Republican was a newspaper which served the city of Scottsbluff and surrounding areas in Nebraska, United States from 1900 to 1964.

History
The newspaper was founded as the Scotts Bluff Republican in 1900 by Eugene T. Westervelt. It was Scottsbluff's first newspaper and was located in one of the earliest constructed buildings in the city. The first issue appeared on May 4, 1900 and the paper was originally published weekly. It was later changed to a semi-weekly paper, but eventually returned to weekly publication. Its main competitor was the Star-Herald.

Silent film star Jacqueline Logan briefly worked as a journalist for the paper.

In 1945 the paper closed its own print shop and was instead printed by the Minatare Free Press newspaper (in nearby Minatare), although Westervelt continued as editor. Following the death of Westervelt in 1950, his son, John M. "Kim" Westervelt, became editor. By late 1964, circulation of both the Minatare Free Press and Scottsbluff Republican was so low that the papers were no longer profitable and it was decided to end their publication. The final issue of the Scottsbluff Republican was dated November 19, 1964.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Scottsbluff Republican


text:
User:Mxn/Main Page logos

This page includes thumbnails of Wikimedia project logos, so that I can use the thumbnails' absolute URLs at the Main Page itself. See m:Talk:Main Page. There is a similar page at m:User:Mxn/Main Page logos. – [[User:Mxn|Minh Nguyễn (talk, blog) ]] 21:55, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Mxn/Main Page logos


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/UserReports/Darooka

Links

 * issd.org resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * COIBot domainredlist search for link Darooka gives:
 * issd.org (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist (diff))
 * issd.org (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist (diff))
 * issd.org (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist (diff))
 * issd.org (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist (diff))
 * issd.org (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist (diff))
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link would be caught by rule \bissd\.org\b on the monitor list (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist (diff - )).
 * Link is blacklisted by \bissd\.org\b on [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist en.wikipedia.org]
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link would be caught by rule \bissd\.org\b on the monitor list (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist (diff - )).
 * Link is blacklisted by \bissd\.org\b on [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist en.wikipedia.org]

Additions

 * Displayed all 5 additions.


text:
Talk:Diane Youdale

Edit request from, 25 October 2011
I'm a personal friend of Diane Youdale and we would like to update part of her biography under 'Personal Life' that says "After separation and divorce, she spends her time between her apartment in Middlesbrough and her house in Manchester with her boyfriend, Andy McGlynn" to be replaced with "After separation and divorce, Diane spends her time between the North East of England and Surrey where she works as a Psychotherapist and is launching her own EQ company Soul Dynamics." as her personal circumstances have changed and the above information is now incorrect.

Thank you.

Noddydog (talk) 08:36, 25 October 2011 (UTC)

Noddydog (talk) 08:36, 25 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Sorry, but being a personal friend is not enough, see WP:NOR and WP:V. -- Red rose64 (talk) 16:58, 26 October 2011 (UTC)

Just to let you know Redrose64 -> NoddyDog is Paul the owner of Gladiators Zone (The official site for Gladiators supported by ITV, Sky and LWT). I think he knows more about it than you and not only that he is a very close personal friend of Diane. http://www.noddydog.co.uk/

Just correcting you on it. On-behalf of Paul Noddings

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:57, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080709033406/http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/lifestyle/health-and-fitness-advice/2008/05/13/it-looks-good-for-diane-84229-20898057/ to http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/lifestyle/health-and-fitness-advice/2008/05/13/it-looks-good-for-diane-84229-20898057/

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 20:55, 16 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Diane Youdale


text:
Portal talk:Wiki Scholar/About the movie

I really like this explanation of the meaning(s) behind the movie, and thanks for providing this John. It's funny though - I was expecting an explanation of how you made the movie (and I suspect others will do, or have done, likewise). Maybe you could add a brief account of how to create an animated gif - either here or on a dedicated page? Just an idea.. Cormaggio beep 17:55, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

How the movie was made
First, I use a Macintosh. I make use of ClarisDraw and Photoshop for creating images. The baby is based on a digitized scan of a photograph of my son. I made a series of still images and then used Morpher to "morph" between the still images. GraphicConverter is good for converting between image formats and can be used to put all of the resulting images of the "movie" into an animated gif. --JWSchmidt 18:33, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

the “versity” part
I like separating the wiki from the versity. This "versity" is a blessing and at the same time a curse for WV. It can be good since it attracts people because of the image of an university. But at the same time this also restricts their imagination to a real world university :-( A wiki is just different - you can not apply real world models/roles (always/at all). Perhaps we can somehow make in the animation appear words which also have the "versity", like diversity ? Erkan Yilmaz uses the Chat (try) 19:44, 21 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Sure. --JWSchmidt 20:58, 21 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Perhaps we can identify some other words with "versity", see e.g. here.
 * If not, we could make some up, e.g. controversity (from controversial) - but then people would say, we don't even know the language :-)
 * Or let fade in/out from some words like controversial -> versity -> wikiversity
 * The above word is just an example, we could think of others. Erkan Yilmaz uses the Chat (try) 00:50, 25 August 2008 (UTC)


text:
User:Elatanatari~enwikiversity/draft3/archive

{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="5" style="width: 99%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="background-color: #ffffb0; border: 1px solid #777777; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" colspan="2" |

Allons!
 * style="width: 40%; background-color: #fffff0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |
 * style="width: 40%; background-color: #fffff0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Lessons in Français I
"Français I" is a course in the French Department. In this Begining course, students are introduced to simple vocabulary, elementary grammatical structures, and the present and past tenses of regular verbs. Students practice the fundamentals of the language through listening, repitition, reading and writing French. An understanding of French culture is intiated.

La France
 * rowspan="2" style="width: 60%; background-color: #efefff; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

The French Republic or France (French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in Western Europe and that also comprises a collection of overseas islands and territories located in North America, the Caribbean, South America, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and Antarctica.

The French Republic is a democracy which is organised as a unitary semi-presidential republic. It has the seventh-largest economy in the world. Its main ideals are expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. France is one of the founding members of the European Union, and has the largest land area of all members. France is also a founding member of the United Nations, and a member of La Francophonie, the G8, and the Latin Union. It is one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council wielding veto power, and it is also one of eight acknowledged nuclear powers.

With almost 75 million foreign tourists each year, France is also the most popular international tourist destination in the world.
 * style="width: 40%; background-color: Cornsilk; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |
 * style="width: 40%; background-color: Cornsilk; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Lessons

 * Lesson #1 : Introducing Yourself

 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 99%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 100%; background-color: LemonChiffon; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="2" |

Contact Your Instructor

 * Your instructor for this class is Elatanatari. To email me, you simply  Click Here. [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|24px]]

 * }


text:
Raghadan Forest

Raghadan is a forest located in Al Bahah Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is long known for its ancient market, which is held every Sunday (Sunday Market) and it is one of the famous and commonly-frequented markets in the region.

Location
Raghadan Forest is in Al Bahah Region, located in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia (in the northern hemisphere, situated between latitude 19–30 degree). It is located on the highway between Al-Baha and Taif city. Raghadan Forest is positioned on a cliff overlooking King Fahad Aqaba in Albaha at a height exceeding 1700m, the village of Zarqa separates it from Albaha city. Raghadan is 4 km away from the center of Albaha. It is located in the center of a group of villages, benefiting from the transport infrastructure in the area.

Festivals
Festivals that are ongoing during the summer:

 * Activities of Al-Kadi Baha
 * The international honey festival
 * The southern dance festival
 * The Baha summer festival
 * The shopping bazaar festival
 * Raghadan Islamic Forum
 * Raghadan Youth Forum
 * The international circus festival
 * The festival of productive families

title: Raghadan Forest


text:
Portal:Life Sciences/Selected article

Participants in the Human Genetic Uniqueness Project join in the search for genes that account for the genetic differences between humans and our closest relatives. Activities center on accessing genome databases and analysis of differences between human genes and the genes of other species. Background learning topics include learning about genes, and genome sequencing projects.

title: Portal:Life Sciences/Selected article


text:
Talk:Ayshe Talay-Ongan

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title: Talk:Ayshe Talay-Ongan


text:
User:Reading.Shark

I am interested in contributing articles about marginalized groups and individuals, and those who have fought alongside them. As a new user, I am open to input and suggestions!

title: User:Reading.Shark


text:
The Cranberry Harvest, Island of Nantucket

The Cranberry Harvest, Island of Nantucket is an 1880 oil painting on canvas by the American artist Eastman Johnson. It is in the Timken Museum of Art, which acquired it in 1972.


text:
Talk:Filmmaking Basics/Thumbnail Storyboard/Step by Step/aa

I think this article lacks the basic info whats it about.--<IP_ADDRESS> 06:50, 23 October 2006 (UTC)


text:
User:LinaInverse

Hi all,

My name is Jessica Bishop. Originally from South Dakota, I now live and study in Boston, am a junior attending Boston University as a double major in Spanish and Archaeology. I specialize in archaeology of the New World, particularly Andean. I excavated at Tiwanaku, Bolivia over the summer, and then took a week off to visit Peru and see Machu Picchu and everything else that I have studied about the Inca in Peru. As for my edits, I added a bit to the Tiwanaku article and am in the process of editing the Machu Picchu article. Stay tuned for more edits, maybe about the Moche, Nazca, or other Inca sites. At school I volunteer at the Gabel Museum of Archaeology as a volunteer curatorial assistant and am in the process of making a Nazca exhibit for the Archaeology Department here at BU. I am an active member of our archaeology club, and hope to be an officer my senior year. Also in the works for my senior year is an idea for my Senior Thesis (at BU we call it an Independent Work for Distinction). At the moment, I am planning to study Frederick Catherwood's 1840's drawings of Maya monuments and compare them to both photographs taken in the 1890's, and modern reconstructions done on the same monuments.

I am also an avid otaku, lover of all things anime (hey, can't study archaeology 24-7, you know).

Pictures and more happiness to come!!

LinaInverse 19:43, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

List of Sites that I will fix:

Nazca - Culture and Lines Machu Picchu - add Torreon section and rounded-stone architecture section Sipan - oh wow it needs help!! Frederick Catherwood and John Lloyd Stephens - add a bit

title: User:LinaInverse


text:
1932 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico

The 1932 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico was held on Tuesday November 8, 1932, to elect the states At-large representative. This election coincided with the state's Governor election. Incumbent democrat Dennis Chávez won re-election by a landslide margin of 28 percentage points, slightly outperforming Franklin Roosevelt in the concurrent Presidential election by 1.1 percentage points.


text:
WMTU-FM

WMTU-FM 91.9 is a campus radio station run by the students at Michigan Technological University. It is found in the basement of Wadsworth Hall. It works 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Staff is constituted of a volunteer general staff featuring a general manager and six different departments as well as the air staff. Open DJ signups are held the first Wednesday and Thursday of each semester, including the summer tracks.

History
The station's precursor, WVRW (Voice of Radio, Wadsworth), began broadcasting in 1956, as a carrier current AM station. It changed its callsign to WRS (Wadsworth Radio Service) two years later, to show that it now served all dormitories on campus. The current WMTU callsign was adopted in 1975. Two years after that WMTU began broadcasting as a cable FM station via the local cable television system. The 24-hour format, with three-hour shows, was adopted two years later in 1979.

In 1993 WMTU received an FM broadcasting license from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The following year the station began over-the-air broadcasting from atop the Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics building on the Michigan Tech campus with an effective radiated power of 100 watts. In 1998 WMTU began broadcasting via RealAudio, utilizing a Helix server located in the basement of Michigan Tech's Electrical Engineering Resources Center (EERC).

In 2004 renovations to Wadsworth Hall resulted in a move from the original location next to the Tri-Hall Weight Club to a temporary location near the Campus Cafe. In 2005 the FCC approved a request for WMTU to move its transmitter to a university-owned tower atop Arcadia Hill. This allowed the station to upgrade its power from 100 watts to 4400 watts effective radiated power, providing coverage to campus as well as many surrounding communities. Later that year the station returned to its original location, now sporting a new "storefront" look along with nearly triple the music storage space. Renovations also resulted in a "commons" area outside of the station, used for small concerts and other activities, as well as a room which the WMTU staff uses for weekly meetings.

In 2009 WMTU changed its daily schedule to 12 two-hour shows. In 2012 the station remodeled its DJ booth with new equipment and a new look, and began broadcasting continuous 24-hour broadcast over breaks for the first time.

Station programming
WMTU currently runs seventy programs, all of which are staffed by volunteers who apply at semesterly DJ meetings. Primetime slots are generally allocated based upon seniority, volunteer work at the station, and uniqueness of programming offered. All programming decisions are made by the Program Director and the Broadcast Supervisor, both positions elected yearly by WMTU's General Staff.

WMTU allows DJs to play music of their choice without any prescribed playlisting. Commercial free programming including metal, hip hop, techno, punk, indie, classic rock, electronica, Americana, noise, industrial, world, local, and freeform all appear on WMTU's current programming schedule.

The Local Music Show used to air every Saturday evening from 5-7pm. This program was formed by local musicians and DJs Brian Weeden and Markku Savolainen for WMTU in 2003, and highlighted both local and touring acts in the area, often including live in-studio performances and interviews. Local artists that have performed on air include Erik Koskinen, VSEPR, the Lumber Janes, Flashing Red Airplane, Carp, and Sycamore Smith. In the fall semester of the 2010 school year local music blog Mostly Midwest partnered with WMTU for an official Mostly Midwest radio show every Tuesday and Thursday from 6-8pm. This program showcases local midwestern acts and promotes upcoming local area shows, as well as providing information on upcoming local CD releases, interviews with out-of-town musicians, and occasional CD giveaways.

The DJ of the Week program airs each Saturday afternoon from 2pm-5pm, featuring WMTU's up-and-coming DJs and giving the programming and broadcasting departments the chance to evaluate the musical selections and general style of newer DJs.

Spotlight on... airs Saturday afternoon from noon-2pm. This program, usually hosted by a current WMTU DJ, presents two hours of studio favorites and rarities from one of the DJs favorite artists.

"PB and JAMZ" airs Thursdays from 12pm to 2pm EST, hosted by DJ Suckaa.

Concerts
Concert space has been provided to WMTU by the Campus Cafe (the Wads Annex), the McArdle Theatre (the Black Box), the Memorial Union Building commons, the Suburban Exchange, the ExUrban, the Level 2 Skate Park, and a commons area outside of WMTU's current location.

The Copper Country Crush-a-Thon, established 2002, is an annual metal festival sponsored by WMTU. The day-long show allows the students of Michigan Tech and the surrounding communities the opportunity to see live black, death, and speed metal alongside of punk rock and hardcore. The Crush-a-Thon has presented a number of bands from around the United States including Summon, Summer Dying, Dumah, The Chasm, Oddity, Eternal Silence, Usurper, Azrael, Autumnal Wind, Tower of Babel, Undo Tomorrow, Carnivale, Days Go By, Domain Malevolence, Off Kilter, the Miscreants, Enrapture, Forest of Impaled, AllOddsAgainst, Conceived by Fire, Sadomasochism, sah, Militionary, Dead to Fall, Teratism, And the Sky Went Red, Rellik, and the Nain Rogue.

Keweenawesomefest, established in 2007, is a two-day festival sponsored by WMTU presenting a number of musicians from throughout the state of Michigan. Past performers have included Frontier Ruckus, Low, Chris Bathgate, Beep Beep, Deastro, Canada, Fred Thomas, SAH, Matt Jones, Misty Lyn, the Mahonies, Annie Palmer, Terrible Twos, Santa and Rudolph, Charlie Slick, the Betamales, Sycamore Smith, the Mighty Narwhale, Anarkinda, This is Deer Country, The Photographers, Cotton Jones, Drink Up Buttercup, The Daredevil Christopher Wright, Bear Claw, John the Savage, Millions of Brazilians and Electric Six.

Other local, regional, and national touring acts WMTU has presented live in concert include Black Eyed Snakes, The French Irish Coalition, Wesley Willis, Small Brown Bike, the Gunshy, Starlight Drifters, Poster Children, MC Juice, Heiruspecs, Great Lakes Myth Society, Chris Bathgate, Jerry Fels, Sycamore Smith, Third Coast, Deadly Waters, Pseudocell, Avert, The Blackflies, Dirty Americans, Paper Street Saints, Quixote, the Blend, the Crest, Modill, The Show Is the Rainbow, the Mae Shi, the Mercury Program, Squirtgun, Das Sücktet, Athletic Mic League, Honda Civic, Calumet-Hecla, the National Bummer, Breathe Smoke, Kristin Forbes, the Saurus, Atombombpocketknife, Kid Brother Collective, Chiodos, Kinetic Stereo Kids, Soma 220, Liquid Sun, Erik Koskinen, Switch, Tall Drink of Water, Milton, Minus, Hell Town Trio, Fried Chinese Donalds, Old Victoria, Nobody Likes a Tricycle, VSEPR, Mustard Plug, Djiaant, Tom Berringer and the Pisst-Off Androids.

title: WMTU-FM


text:
Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/J. Gordon Edwards filmography/archive1

 * The following is an archived discussion of a featured list nomination. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the article's talk page or in Wikipedia talk:Featured list candidates. No further edits should be made to this page.

The list was archived by SchroCat 09:11, 14 April 2015.

J. Gordon Edwards filmography

 * Nominator(s): Squeamish Ossifrage (talk) 20:40, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

I am nominating this for featured list because... it is a comprehensive filmography of J. Gordon Edwards, a once-lauded but now nearly entirely forgotten director of the American silent film era. Although he's been compared to Alfred Hitchcock and D.W. Griffith, the bulk of his work (like most silent films) simply no longer exists. But that doesn't stand in the way of preserving information about his oeuvre, and presenting it to our readers. I'm no stranger to Featured Content, but this is my first trip to FLC; hopefully everything is in order. Disclosure: This is a WikiCup nomination. Squeamish Ossifrage (talk) 20:40, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

Support − Looks much nicer now. Sources look good, too. Jimknut (talk) 22:31, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

Comments Otherwise a good piece of work. The Rambling Man (talk) 12:50, 4 April 2015 (UTC)
 * "scenerist" I've never heard of this phrase but our own article suggests it should be "scenarist"...
 * I would consider linking the word oeuvre, since you have opted to link (in my opinion) far more common words like Montreal.
 * "for William Fox" I would like a touch of context, maybe "American motion picture executive"?
 * The widths of the cols in the first table are slightly different from the second and third tables, any reason why?
 * Shouldn't "1915–1924" be "1915–24"?
 * Sortable table, mostly that means every item that's linked should be linked each time, e.g. Leo Tolstoy, Mary Murillo etc, since there's no guarantee which item will appear first.
 * Victor Hugo apparently hyphenated his work The Hunchback of Notre-Dame.

Comments - Looks like a strong article overall, only one or two minor concerns: Most of these are just questions of curiosity. --Lightlowemon (talk) 03:07, 7 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Many sources, including the American Film Institute, credit this film as Edwards's directorial debut. except the American Film Institute states Bracken as the director...?
 * The Celebrated Scandal and Redemption (perhaps another name for Her Greatest Love ) are two other film titles I saw claimed to be directed by this fellow.
 * Why are original stories that don't match the name of the titled movie put in quotes and not italics? Such as seen in Her Double Life?
 * Under A Daughter of the Gods, you have Reissued 2 December 1917 (as Daughter of the Gods), August 1918, 15 February 1920. Is there a date for August and shouldn't it be ...August 1918 and 15 February 1920.?

Just querying a couple of suspect spellings: No other points. –  Tim riley  talk    14:55, 7 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Comments
 * Bindness of Devotion (Blindness?)
 * The New Magdelen (Magdalen?)

 * – SchroCat (talk) 09:19, 14 April 2015 (UTC)


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Portal:Latin America/Featured article/Day 24

El Señor Presidente (The President) is a 1946 novel written in Spanish by Nobel Prize-winning Guatemalan writer and diplomat Miguel Ángel Asturias. A landmark text in Latin American literature, El Señor Presidente explores the nature of political dictatorship and its effects on society. Asturias also makes early use of a literary technique that would come to be known as magic realism. One of the most notable works of the dictator novel genre, El Señor Presidente developed from an earlier Asturias short story, written to protest social injustice in the aftermath of a devastating earthquake in the author's home town.

Although El Señor Presidente does not explicitly identify its setting as early twentieth-century Guatemala, the novel's title character was inspired by the 1898–1920 presidency of Manuel Estrada Cabrera. Asturias began writing the novel in the 1920s and finished it in 1933, but the strict censorship policies of Guatemalan dictatorial governments delayed its publication for a further thirteen years.

The character of the President rarely appears in the story but Asturias creates a number of other characters to show the terrible effects of living under a dictatorship. His use of dream imagery, onomatopoeia, simile, and repetition of particular phrases, combined with a discontinuous structure, which consists of abrupt changes of style and viewpoint, springs from surrealist and ultraist influences. The style of El Señor Presidente influenced a generation of Latin American authors. The themes of Asturias's novel, such as the inability to tell reality apart from dreams, the power of the written word in the hands of authorities, and the alienation produced by tyranny, center around the experience of living under a dictatorship.

On its eventual publication in Mexico in 1946, El Señor Presidente quickly met with critical acclaim. In 1967, Asturias received the Nobel Prize in Literature for his entire body of work. This international acknowledgment was celebrated throughout Latin America, where it was seen as a recognition of the region's literature as a whole. Since then, El Señor Presidente has been adapted for the screen three times.


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Wikipedia:Copyright problems/2020 August 17

17 August 2020

 * Train reporting number (Australia) ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite) from https://qrig.org/safeworking/train-numbering-guide. Particular section of concern is Queensland, and that section's contents are a blatant copy and paste from the linked source. No evidence exists of it being freely licenced. Regards, User:TheDragonFire300. (Contact me | Contributions). This message was left at 04:20, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Possible false positive. See User talk:TheDragonFire300. Regards, User:TheDragonFire300. (Contact me | Contributions). This message was left at 04:40, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting keep.svg Article cleaned by investigator or others. No remaining infringement. MER-C 09:31, 22 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Draft:Katja Loos ([ history] · [ last edit] · rewrite) from https://polymers2021.sciforum.net/, https://www.rug.nl/news/2019/11/professor-katja-loos-wins-research-award-of-the-alexander-von-humboldt-foundation?lang=en. — Diannaa (talk) 15:41, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * , The creating editor created a new draft according to the rules in a Temp page. The draft was acceptable and I accepted it aa a main space article. Apart from turning the Draft: page referred to here into a redirect and redacting any suspected copyvio versions (by someone with suitable admin goggles) I think the issue is solved Fiddle   Faddle  13:29, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Pictogram voting keep.svg Article cleaned by investigator or others. No remaining infringement. — Diannaa (talk) 13:36, 18 August 2020 (UTC)


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User:Maheshmoon1234/sandbox

Maheshmoon-Wikipedia

NAME:MAHESHMOON/RAMESHBABU/CHIRU DATE OF BIRTH:24-04-1990 VILLAGE:SADASIVAPET DISTRICT:SANGAREDDY EDUCATION:BSC DEGRE

title: User:Maheshmoon1234/sandbox


text:
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Miscellaneous/2012 July 9

= July 9 =

Reasonable or fallacious (and if the latter, what's the name of the formal fallacy?)
To assume, if not definitely, then almost certainly, if an idea pops into your head, that if it were a good or really valuable and workable idea, someone else has already or would already do it, and therefore pursue it no further. Statistically, this seems like a very sound assumption that would save the vast majority of people a lot of time and effort, given the unlikelihood of your idea being a great thing nobody has thought of, given the sheer quantity of H. sapiens who have been and are now, and the percentage of those that have made a world-changing idea. Therefore make zero effort to try to think of world changing ideas that would help on a worldwide scale. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:22, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Analogously, that is why I never get out of bed in the morning. Because free will is an illusion, and I will be forced to get out of bed by reality whether I want to or not. μηδείς (talk) 01:25, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Douglas Hofstadter, in the essays that form chapters 30 and 31 of Metamagical Themas, calls this superrationality or renormalized rationality. Looie496 (talk) 01:42, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Superrationality is the article about that, but Looie should have understood something wrong since the concept doesn't relate to the OP's question. OsmanRF34 (talk) 12:45, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Maybe Base rate fallacy? You are only looking at "number of humans who have made a difference" / "the number of humans", this fraction is undoubtedly miniscule. However you are neglecting the other, arguably more important part of the statistic, namely out of "the number of humans who changed the world and DIDN'T make zero effort" / "number of people who changed the world" is probably close to 1 (expressed as probablility, or 100% as a percentage). Vespine (talk) 02:36, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't think this is a nameable formal fallacy. The OP describes a self doubting state of mind that could arise from experience of past failure to assert one's inventions and/or inadequate knowledge of the actual state of the relevant art. Unimaginative managers can have this effect on smarter workers who will feel constricted by their NIH attitude. DriveByWire (talk) 03:16, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * From the articles Not invented here and Invented here, it looks like NIH's meaning is "we only use what we invented" while IH actually means "we only use what others have invented." <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:01, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * If you really did have an exceptional idea, doubting it seems like a case of the Dunning–Kruger effect; you assume that other people have the same high ability that you do. In any case, even if your idea isn't totally original doesn't mean it's not worth pursuing; perhaps there are reasons why your idea hasn't been put into practice that you haven't thought of, or which you have thought of and can overcome.  We are fortunate that we live in an age where idly researching vague notions is so easy! FiggyBee (talk) 03:42, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Actually, I think Vespine has the answer. μηδείς (talk) 03:59, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm not a statistician and only recently got interested in this topic but I do think I'm on the right track. It's not quite the base rate fallacy as explained in our article, which is more specifically about sensitivity and specificity in "tests".. Another fallacy based on the base rate fallacy is Prosecutor's fallacy which again, isn't qite the same thing as the op describes, but pretty close. It describes how evidence was presented in the OJ trial that "only 1 in 7500 people who bash their wife go on to kill them", so the fact that OJ bashed his wife can't be used as evidence, that's the logic they used. However, 8 out of 9 wives who are murdered by their husbands ARE previously bashed by them, so it is in fact very relavant to the trial. Similarly you could say only 1 out of 10 Million people change the world so it's pointless, BUT 9 out of 10 of people who DO change the world DO make an effort (hypothetically). Ignoring that is the base rate fallacy. I'm fairly sure.  Vespine (talk) 06:01, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, it is the Defender's fallacy, actually, which is a complicated misapplication of base rates. μηδείς (talk) 07:17, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * OJ bashed his wife, "8 out of 9 wives who are murdered by their husbands ARE previously bashed by them", therefore OJ murdered his wife. Sounds like a fairly straightforward case of affirming the consequent to me.  However, it is not actually what Gigerenzer said, according to the prosecutor's fallacy article.  His actual argument is "the chances that a batterer actually murdered his partner, given that she has been killed, is about 8 in 9". FiggyBee (talk) 08:48, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * No one said "therefore OJ murdered his wife" except you. The point made was more subtle and relevant and the same both here and in the article. μηδείς (talk) 16:52, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * That was what the prosecutor in his trial was trying to prove, wasn't it? My point (although not that well expressed) is that Gigerenzer said "the chances that a batterer actually murdered his partner, given that she has been killed, is about 8 in 9", which boils down logically to "If you bashed her, you probably killed her". What Vespine said is "8 out of 9 wives who are murdered by their husbands ARE previously bashed by them", which boils down to "If you killed her, you probably bashed her".  The implication is reversed, and only the first would be sound logical evidence. FiggyBee (talk) 09:08, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * It seems to me FiggyBee has a point although not that well expressed. Since it hadn't been established beyond a reasonable doubt that the wife was killed by her husband, the percentage of husbands who killed their wives that bashed them isn't that important. What is perhaps the most relevent in deciding if the bashing is relevant is to establish what percentage of married women who were murdered in similar circumstances were killed by husbands who had bashed them. edit: women who had previously been bashed by their husbands or partners and were later murdered in similar circumstances were murded by the person who bashed them. (Of course how you establish similar circumstances is a very open question.) If the percentage is small, then the fact he bashed his wive wasn't particularly relevent in deciding whether or not her murdered her. (I presume it was accepted he bashed her, I'm not familiar with the details of the case.) Or to put it a different way, since they were trying to establish whether or not her murdered her, the fact that if he had murdered her there's a good chance he would have bashed her and he did bash her isn't that significant. In fact I would go as far as to say the statistic used by the defence is more significant edit: since it tells us more about the usefulness of the fact he bashed his wife in establishing his guilt for the murder. Nil Einne (talk) 19:38, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I think the problem is that the base rate (number of women murdered by their husbands) is ALREADY very low, so using probability to imply innocence is irrelevant at best, and misleading at worst. Imagine at another murder trial, the defence didn't mention bashing at all and isntead said that only 1 in 10,000 people commit murder, so the accused couldn't have done it because the chance they did is only 1 in 10,000! That obviously can NOT be logically used as a defence at a murder trial, but it's essentially the same thing as what the defence tried at the OJ trial. The fact that murder is a rare event to begin with is not relavant, just as the fact that men who bash their wives rarely go on to kill them. However the fact that 8 out of 9 murderers do bash their wives previous to killing them IS relavant, given that a murder has actually taken place. Put it this way: Given 2 suspects, one that bashed his wife an one that didn't, the one that did is 8 times more likely to have been the murderer. It's obviously NOT a bull's eye that conclusivley proves they did it, but a case often doesn't have such a bull's eye argument and relies instead on these lines of evidence converging until it can be proved beyond reasonable doubt. Vespine (talk) 23:51, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Only if they are married to the same dead woman, of course. μηδείς (talk) 01:51, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, it's purely a hypothetical example. Another way of putting it might be, the defence said only 1 out of 7500 men who batter their wives go on to kill them, BUT they don't mention that only one out of 67,000 men who DON'T batter their wives go on to kill them (the number is a rough guess). Vespine (talk) 01:59, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * The suspect thing is largely irrelevant, and there's no reason to think of only 2 suspects. In other words, the fact that he was 8 times more likely to have been the murderer then some other random person in the hypothetical example is largely irrelevent (as there are a lot more random people then OJ Simpsons). (Ignore this may have confused self and too tired to think about it.) The 67k figure is likewise irrelevent since as I said before, what they were trying to establish that he murdered his wife, not that he bashed her.
 * Again, I don't know the details of the case, and I'm not that interested to read but you seem to be missing the point (with your 1 in 10k comments etc) which was I presume not to establish innocence, but to demonstrate the fact he bashed his wife should not play much, if any of a factor in determing his guilt beyond a resonable doubt. I presume either the prosecution entered the evidence of domestic violence in to play or wanted to, hence the statistics the defence used to demonstrate the bashing was largely irrelevent in establishing guilt beyond a resonable doubt. Definitely once the defence brought up such a statistic, there was nothing I presume stopping the prosecution pointing out it didn't establish innocence, simply suggested they shouldn't read too much in to the bashing if they felt the jury may be mislead by it in that way.
 * As I mentioned, I'm not saying the defences statistics are great, but they are far better then anything you or μηδείς have brought up. As I also mentioned the much more significant factor was the percentage of "women who had previously been bashed by their husbands or partners and were later murdered in similar circumstances (edit: and) their murdered was the person who bashed them". The fact the prosecution didn't I presume bring up these figures either means they didn't have them, or they further demonstrated the bashing was largely irrelevent in establishing guilt beyond a resonable doubt so the prosecution had no desire for them to be known. (The defence of course had no reason to bring them up if they felt they could confuse the jury with other statistics.)
 * To put it a different way, establishing guilt beyond a resonable doubt is actually a very high standard. Certain details are so meaningless in a wider context yet are easily over-relied on by juries in establishing guilty beyond a resonable doubt, hence a number of countries who still rely entirely on juries greatly limit the introduction of evidence likely to be unduly prejudicial, from the statistics presented so far, it sounds like the bashing could potentially be one such statistic (particularly in the absence of a wider context).
 * P.S. One of the problems is that for readers, we're often more interested in whether someone commited a crime or not. So we tend to look at things from that POV. And forget juries are never (supposed) to look at it from that POV, instead only decide whether they're convinced beyond a resonable doubt the person commited the crime of which they're accused according to the standards the law requires for such a crime.
 * The fact that OJ (allegedly?) bashed his wife may make him a nasty person, and may mean he was more likely to have been a murderer then a husband who didn't bash his wife, but it may not mean the bashing should be much, if any, of a factor in deciding that he was guilty beyond a resonable doubt of being his wife's murderer, which is all that should matter to the jury.
 * Remember the defence and prosecution aren't on the same footing. The prosecution is interested in proving guilt beyond a resonable doubt. Any competent defence, whatever they or their client may say isn't actually that interested in establishing innocence yet alone innocence beyond a resonable doubt (sure it's nice), only in showing the prosecution hasn't established guilt beyond a resonable, so anything they say should be read in this context, which may include demonstrating that the jury shouldn't read too much into an instance of bashing.
 * Nil Einne (talk) 17:55, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I read the linked article and noticed it actually says "the chances that a batterer actually murdered his partner, given that she has been killed, is about 8 in 9 or approximately 90%" which is not what Vespine said and is far closer to the statistic which I said is what really mattered. The only thing it lacks is 'similar circumstances' which I included to acknowledge this is still fairly complicated since you could legitimate argue that other cases, e.g. where the killer killed his wife during a bout of domestic violence and didn't try to deny it either saying she deserved it or expressing regret are perhaps too dissimilar to be taken in to account in determined the statistic.
 * I haven't read the source but from the wording, it sounds like the author/s do understand why this statistics matters and is different from what Vespine suggested.
 * P.S. I just noticed FiggyBee also noted this above. I hope I don't offend anyone (nothing that this includes me as evidenced by the strikesouts) in saying this discussion IMO demonstrates why (IMO again) juries need to be molly-coddled so much.
 * Nil Einne (talk) 18:08, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

Gaelic Football and marriage
I have a couple of questions
 * 1) Why is Gaelic Football exclusively Irish? I am told that Scotland is a Gaelic country as well
 * 2) Why is marrying close relatives so innapropriate? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:23, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * 2) Closely related individuals have a higher chance of having children with dual recessive genetic disorders. They also tend to have exaggerated features (if parents are tall, the children are really tall, etc.), which can be good or bad. StuRat (talk) 20:44, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * 1) The Gaelic Athletic Association defines itself as a native Irish organization and has (as far as I know) no grounds or offices outside Ireland. The article Gaelic football gives the sport's history which dates back over 300 years in Ireland, and it has been spread outside Ireland only by amateur players of the Irish diaspora. The Gaelic known in Scotland has deviated from Irish Gaelic and is spoken by only 1.2% of the population. Clearly the Scots would rather beat the English at their own game than import the Irish game. DriveByWire (talk) 21:37, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Of those hundreds of years of history, most of it comprises that rather ill-defined generic game simply called football (a hodge-podge of kicking, dribbling, carrying, throwing, scrumming, and punching). It wasn't until the 19th century that various formal codifications of that sport arose, which gave rise to the various codes of "football" that dominate today - rugby football in 1823, association football in 1948, Australian rules football (the most traditional adherent to the punching ethos) in 1859, and American football shortly thereafter. All drew lines between classes and nations which hadn't been so formally delimited until then. This was particularly the case for Gaelic football, which was formalised in around 1887 as a specific rejection of the British codes and a deliberate statement of Irishness. Ever since it's been very strongly associated with Irish identity and Irish nationalism: playing Gaelic football (and other Gaelic games) was tantamount to declaring you were Irish. Gaelic football was thus inextricably enmeshed with the torments of the Irish independence struggle (e.g.  Bloody Sunday (1920)) and its own rules and practices (such as rule 27) meant it was unlikely to take off outside the community of people who identified as Irish. Until relatively recently Gaelic football made little attempt to evangelise itself outside Ireland and those of Irish extraction. Compare that to association football and to a lesser extent American football, which have tried very hard to spread their appeal. -- Finlay McWalterჷTalk 01:08, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Isn't Scotland Gaelic as well? Shouldn't it have Gaelic stuff like Gaelic Football too? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:35, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Gaelic is not a single language - Irish Gaelic (Gaeilge) is different from Scots Gaelic - (Gàidhlig). So Scotland isn't "Gaelic as well": despite having languages with a common ancestor, and to some extent having cultural crossover, they are as separate as England and France. As for why there is no 'native' football game in Scotland, the game that would go on to become Gaelic Football in Ireland (Medieval football - which developed separately and in parallel throughout Europe) was called the Ba game in Scotland, and is still with us as Association football - the game invented on the playing fields of Eton and Harrow was influenced by Mob football games from across the UK, and the Scots were involved in the codification and playing from the outset - see History of Scottish football. Apart (as Finlay points out above) from the Irish having more desire for a game that was not invented by the British, the game in Ireland just took a different direction, that's all. - Cucumber Mike (talk) 19:53, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Why doesn't Scotland have its own version of Football?
 * Can't answer that. But Scotland and Ireland both have games that resemble what was at some stage codified as field hockey: Shinty and Hurling.--Shirt58 (talk) 09:44, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * To note a few things which may be relevent to the discussion, and to highlight and expand upon what others have already stated. First of all, Gaelic (and the closely related term "Celtic") refer to a somewhat broad group of related cultures.  There has certainly been a history of attempts at a sort of Pan-Celticism, but these attempts haven't generally gotten very far, somewhat due to the physical seperation between the peoples.  While there have been significant cultural exchanges, notably the development of the distinctive Scots-Irish culture, which a an ethnic group is somewhat distinct from the Scottish or the Irish.  By-and-large, Scotland and Ireland diverged in their cultural development over history, despite having an ancient common culture.  For a good parallel, consider that the English people evolved from the Anglo-Saxons; modern English don't, however, share a common culture with modern Saxons (central Germany).  Also, consider that the relationship between Scotland and the U.K. is very different than that between Ireland and the U.K.  It would not be entirely inaccurate to say that Scotland annexed England, as the merger of their crowns occured when a Scot, James I and VI, assumed the throne of England on the death of the Tudor line (a Welsh dynasty, not an English one, it should be noted); which would lead to the eventual Act of Union 1707.  It was a relatively peaceful merger of the two formerly independent countries.  Ireland, on the other hand, was essentially forcably annexed by the U.K., which has led to some bad feelings, and a greater tendency to form a distinctive Irish culture which is decidedly not British.  Though Scottish Nationalism is a real thing, it is less of an issue, as many Scots think of themselves as British as well as Scottish.  Few Irish would consider such an idea.  Which is why Scotland readily adopted British football, as Scotland is British.  Ireland, on the other hand, rather proudly is not, and thus has developed its own native game (though they do, also, play all three British versions (association, Rugby Union, and Rugby League) as well).  To sum up: There is a distinctive Scottish culture, but Scottish culture is not so fiercely anti-British (as the Scottish are British, no less than Texans are American), while the Irish culture tends to be moreso, including the development of its own code of Football, which it fiercely protects.  Don't get too hung up on the word Gaelic. -- Jayron  32  06:12, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

 * 2) There is also the question of genetic diversity.  From a species survival point of view, inbreeding makes a population less diverse and thus less robust.   Ka renjc 22:41, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * For question 2, please note that it is legal in the UK to marry your cousin. --TammyMoet (talk) 09:14, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Marrying close relatives is not necessarily 'inappropriate'. As cousin marriage points out, in some cultures it is extremely common.  Genetic disorders aren't really the whole story - nowadays, due to the existence of contraception, lots of married couples choose not to have children (or adopt children or use donors), and most people are not so opposed to the idea of, say, haemophiliacs having children and passing on a genetic disorder.  Social norm and disgust might be relevant. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:04, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Why is marrying your sibling illegal?
 * Is it illegal everywhere? It certainly hasn't been in the past.  Sibling relationship says "John M. Goggin and William C. Sturtevant (1964) listed eight societies which generally allowed sibling marriage, and thirty-five societies where sibling marriage was permissible among the upper classes (nobility) only."  The Ptolemaic dynasty is famous for having several examples of sibling marriage. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:40, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Algebraic chess notation in other alphabets
The article on algebraic chess notation does a fine job listing how the pieces are abbreviated in other languages. But it got me to wondering if the files on the board are always labeled with the Latin alphabet letters  a b c d e f g h . If a game were being recorded in Cyrillic, for example, in addition to changing the abbreviations for the pieces, would the files become  а б в г д е ж з ? Or in Greek, would  α β γ δ ε ζ η θ  be used? → Michael J Ⓣ Ⓒ Ⓜ 23:45, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * It would appear that in Russian the Latin script is still used (at least in this book, which appears to be an introduction to chess). Unfortunately the Russian Wikipedia is on strike today, so the thing I'd normally recommend (find some detailed en.wikipedia articles on chess minutiae and then compare against their Russian language equivalents) isn't available, today at least. -- Finlay McWalterჷTalk 00:19, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Eating my own dogfood and looking at Sicilian Defence it seems that Bulgarian, Chinese, and Japanese stick with Latin (bearing in mind that some non-en articles are incomplete translations from en, and so this isn't very strong evidence) but Hebrew does not. I've yet to find an Arabic or Farsi example that's instructive. -- Finlay McWalterჷTalk 00:28, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Dimitris Sisopoulos has coded a program to convert games from English to Greek chess σκάκι. I have not tried the program but it is free and Dimitris can be contacted with questions. DriveByWire (talk) 09:15, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

This chart shows quite a few languages that use their own script for the pieces. Not sure about the columns. --Dweller (talk) 11:07, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * The very last paragraph of sr:Шах states that one can use either script for algebraic chess notation in Serbia, and that the Central Serbia Chess Frederation refereeing commission recommends the usage of the Cyrillic. Notice that in that case, the files (columns) on the board are labelled with the corresponding Cyrillic equivalents of the Latin letters A through H, that is, they are а б ц д е ф г х, and not а б в г д ђ е ж, which is the way the Serbian Cyrillic alphabetical order begins. In Russia, Bulgaria and other Cyrillic-using countries, files on the chessboard are never labelled with Cyrillic characters. --Theurgist (talk) 11:47, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Russian Wikipedia isn't on strike anymore, and its article on chess notation (шахматная нотация, šakhmatnaja notatsija) appears to use Latin letters consistently. dalahäst (let's talk!) 03:56, 11 July 2012 (UTC)


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Evolutionary Biology/Speciation

The biological species concept, which was first introduced by Ernst Mayr, defines a species as a population whose members have the potential to interbreed to produce viable, fertile offspring, but do not produce healthy offspring with other species.

Different Modes
There are different modes of speciation that can lead to the origin of species. We will focus on allopatric and sympatric speciation, but will also introduce two other modes: parapatric and peripatric. Gene flow, the loss or gain of alleles in a population due to the migration of fertile individuals or between gamete populations, is reduced in all of these speciation modes. A recent trend towards designating speciation events as ecological speciation or nonecological speciation is motivated by a desire to focus more on the process, rather than the geography, leading to speciation events. This dichotomy may be somewhat misleading, however, as empirical work indicates that ecological factors are important in driving speciation regardless of whether or not gene flow is present, leading many to question whether speciation is ever truly nonecological.

Allopatric Speciation
A geographic barrier is the predominant means by which allopatric speciation occurs.

How it works

 * 1) There are two populations that interact by interbreeding, which allows for gene flow (genetic exchange), within a broad geographic range. The resulting offspring are fertile because these populations are of the same species.
 * 2) A geographic barrier arises, isolating the two populations. The newly isolated populations now go through a period of isolation. Some of the individuals within a population might exhibit a trait more suitable for the new environment. This variant allows for differential survivorship and reproduction. Those individuals that carry the trait are more likely to survive in the new environment. Therefore, they will leave more offspring. Gradually, the variant trait will become dominant. Theoretically, this would happen with both of the newly isolated populations resulting in reproductive isolation.
 * 3) The geographic barrier ends. The two populations now have the opportunity to interbreed again. If the populations do not recognize each other as potential mates or cannot produce fertile offspring, speciation has occurred because the populations are reproductively isolated. The two populations have become two different species. If speciation has not occurred, the populations can still interbreed successfully to produce viable, fertile offspring.

An organism's mobility plays a significant role in allopatric specition. Two populations of birds would not be hindered by an emerging mountain range because of their ability to fly. The size and remoteness of a population also play a major role in speciation. There is a greater chance of a species forming in a small, isolated population because natural selection and genetic drift are more likely to alter the gene pool there.

These barriers are not limited to the more recognizable ones, mountain ranges and rivers, though. Populations can also become reproductively isolated by members of a population colonizing a new remote area without the presence of their parent population.

Sympatric Speciation
Speciation does not only occur when there is a geographic barrier separating two populations; Sympatric speciation occurs when divergent selection causes preferred mating with genetically similar individuals but not with the parent population, hence reproductively isolating one part of the population from another.

Sympatric Speciation in Plants
Plants frequently undergo this type of speciation. The most common type of sympatric speciation is a mutant condition called polyploidy, which is caused by a doubling of chromosomes during cell division. Autopolyploid mutations occur when an individual has more than two chromosome sets, all derived from a single species. A more common type of polyploidy species is an allopolyploid, which forms a hybrid from two species. Sympatric speciation generally occurs in plants through hybrids of related species and errors in cell division, producing fertile polyploids.

Sympatric Speciation in Animals
Sympatric speciation is less common in animals than plants, but still exists. Animals can become reproductively isolated by becoming dependent on different resources than those used by their parent species. It is possible for there to be a genetic change that selects for different resources. Sympatric speciation in animals, which isolates the species reproductively, results from preferences for different habitats, food, resources, and breeding partners.

One of the best examples of sympatric speciation in animals is with the 200 different species of cichlids that inhabit Lake Victoria in East Africa. Sympatric speciation has occurred here as a result of variations in available resources, as well as selective mating based on coloration. This idea was tested by a group of scientists at Holland’s University of Leiden using P.pundamilia (blue back) and P. nyererei (red back). Although females of the P. pundamilia species only mated with males of the same species in normal lighting, they mated with the P. nyererei males in monochromatic orange lighting which made the two species appear identical. The resulting hybrids between the two species were still fertile. Mate choice based on coloration led to sympatric speciation within the cichlid species in this case.

Parapatric Speciation
In the absence of a geographic barrier, parapatric speciation can also lead to the emergence of a new species. In this type of speciation, gene flow is reduced because individuals are reproducing with the mates closest to them. Therefore, mating is not random. The phenotypes are gradually divergent from the extreme forms, but are all equally present within the population. Gene flow is reduced within the population. Parapatric speciation cannot produce separate species in the absence of divergent selection.

Peripatric Speciation
This type of speciation correlates (?) with allopatric speciation. It occurs in a few members of the population, which exhibit a different appearance than the majority. Genetic drift plays the major role in speciation. This mode is the hardest to support with evidence.

Resources
Campbell, Reece. Biology, Sixth edition. Benjamin Cummings. 2001.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/VC1dParapatric.shtml

http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_gbio/folder_structure/ev/m3/s2/index.htm

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/05/2/l_052_05.html

title: Evolutionary Biology/Speciation


text:
family medicine

Noun

 * 1) A particular specialty in the field of medicine, one that deals with only general conditions, but of all persons.

Translations

 * Ukrainian: сіме́йна медици́на

title: family medicine


text:
Computer Architecture Lab/Summer2006

Project page for the course in summer 2006.

The page presents the results from the Summer 2006 course. See the microprocessor built below.

The Conditional Microprocessor 2.0
Christof Pitter Heinz Deinhart

Our summary about three desgins is located here.

Information about our Work on TCMP2.0 can be found here.

VRIPU - Very Reduced Instructions Processing Unit
Project members: Andreas Czink, Michael Pokorny, Stefan Resch

Instruction Set Summary for Z80, ATMega8, and PIC16F627

Click here to visit our project page.

title: Computer Architecture Lab/Summer2006