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Talk:May 1989 tornado outbreak

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title: Talk:May 1989 tornado outbreak


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Amaia Pérez Orozco

Amaia Pérez Orozco is a Spanish economist and feminist activist. She specializes in feminist economics and the economic theory of sustainable living.

Life and work
Pérez Orozco studied economics at the Charles III University of Madrid, where she focused on feminist and environmental economics. She then obtained a doctorate in International and Development Economics from the Complutense University of Madrid. Her doctoral thesis studied the case of care work from the perspective of feminist economics. It was entitled ''Perspectivas feministas en torno a la economia. El caso de los cuidados'' (Feminist perspectives on the economy: The case of care).

After obtaining her PhD at the Complutense University of Madrid, Pérez Orozco became a professor of Applied Economics there. She also worked on the organisation of care-intensive labour markets with the United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women, publishing work for the United Nations on topics like global care chains.

Pérez Orozco's academic work largely focuses on the economic theory of sustainable living and markets, and feminist economic theory. In 2014, she published Subversión feminista de la economía (A feminist subversion of the economy), in which she argues for a re-imagining and restructuring of labour markets to prioritize the sustainability of human life. A core part of this project would be to pay workers for the types of labour that are essential to the continuation of human life, such as food preparation and child care, but which are very often unpaid in contemporary labour markets. Subversión feminista de la economía was also a work of feminist economics, since these unpaid but essential categories of labour are disproportionately performed by women worldwide.

In March 2022 she was amongst 151 international feminists signing Feminist Resistance Against War: A Manifesto, in solidarity with the Feminist Anti-War Resistance initiated by Russian feminists after the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Selected works

 * Perspectivas feministas en torno a la economía: el caso de los cuidados (2006)
 * Subversión feminista de la economía (2014)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Amaia Pérez Orozco


text:
User:Insolentsia

I am interested in filling in the gaps in the Physics and Mathematics wikibooks. I will likely start out by elaborating on the existing Electricity and Magentism content, my current area of speciality.

I am currently an undergraduate majoring in physics, philosophy, and bioengineering at UCSD. Although I am a second year, I am taking upper division and graduate courses in physics, and I have taught (informally) and tutored lower division courses in physics. Meanwhile, I've written sections of a physics study guide in modern vernacular. It is called The Slacker's Guide to Physics. (Google it.)

I look forward to adding to wikibooks in my remaining spare time... You can contact me via AIM via insolentsia.

title: User:Insolentsia


text:
Talk:General Chemistry/Stoichiometry

Why the Disambiguation? Stoichiometry only has this use in my experience... -- Emperorbma 21:45, 28 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Oh, nevermind... I feel silly. :P --Emperorbma 09:36, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Dimensional Analysis
It seems like it might be beneficial to devote some more of this page to explaining dimensional analysis (rather than concluding that it is "easy" - it might not be for everyone). It might be more helpful than than the background information on stoichiometry.

title: Talk:General Chemistry/Stoichiometry


text:
Phalaenopsis amabilis

Hypernyms

 * - order; - family;  - subfamily;  - tribe;  - subtribe;   - genus

title: Phalaenopsis amabilis


text:
Talk:FMC Corporation

New Acquisition
In 2017, FMC acquired a significant part of the DuPont Crop Protection business and also sold FMC Health and Nutrition to DuPont.

 * This could be a good addition to the article. Do you have independent (non-corp) references that support this purchase and sale? If not, I may have time to look for sources in the next week or two.Dialectric (talk) 16:43, 28 August 2018 (UTC)

Potential reference moved from External links section

 * --Ronz (talk) 17:25, 15 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 3 external links on FMC Corporation. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090728072446/http://www.museumsoflosgatos.org/History.html to http://www.museumsoflosgatos.org/History.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090616193153/http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/opinions/08-1228.pdf to http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/opinions/08-1228.pdf

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:38, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

Add bullet points in spinoff section
–In 2017, FMC acquired a significant part of the DuPont Crop Protection business and also sold FMC Health and Nutrition to DuPont.

– On March 31, 2017, FMC had announced its intention to separate FMC Lithium as a separate publicly-traded company. On October 11, 2018, Livent Corporation (NYSE: LTHM, $16.25, Market Capitalization: $2.3 billion) started trading on the NYSE after its IPO. (talkAcollard16 (talk) 11:54, 9 August 2019 (UTC)

Getting the name history right
Hey team, I am researching Bob Malott and in 1957 the company was in its Food Machinery & Chemical Corp days. I didn't see that here so have added it with references. I may have missed why that time period under that name was left out. If there is a reason, please let me know. Thank you! RRFWTommartin (talk) 15:32, 28 February 2020 (UTC)

Duplicate information in header removed
I noticed that the article said the exact same thing in both the header and the first two sections of History, so I cleaned it up a little.

title: Talk:FMC Corporation


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User:Addanki Srinivasa Rao

{{Infobox badminton player
 * name                   = Addanki Srinivasa Rao
 * image                  = NAC Jewellers Honors Olympic Silver Medalist PV Sindhu.jpg
 * caption                = A.Srinivasa Rao - 2017
 * birth_name             = Addanki Srinivasa Rao
 * birth_date             = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|8|11}}

title: User:Addanki Srinivasa Rao


text:
GCSE Science/Electromagnetism

Electric currents produce magnetic fields and moving magnetic fields produce electric currents. This module looks that this property of electric and magnetic fields in detail. You will learn about the magnetic fields generated by a wire and a solenoid, then go on to look at motors generators and transformers.

Review of Magnetism
From work in lower school you should already be familiar with the basic properties of magnets. They are:
 * Magnets strongly attract magnetic materials such as iron, steel, nickel, cobalt, and some alloys and ceramics.
 * Magnets have two poles: a north and a south.
 * Like poles repel, unlike poles attract.

Notice the similarity between magnetism and electricity. Electricity attracts neutral materials (recall a rubbed balloon picking up small bits of paper). Electricity comes in two forms:positive and negative. Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. Physicists long ago realised that these similarities were important. It is now realised that electricity and magnetism are closely related forces. They are really two different aspects of the same force! We call that force electromagnetism. This next section of the electricity module is probably the hardest. But it is also the most interesting. Work the problems in the text as you go along and you will be able to cope.

 * GCSE Science/Magnetic effects of a current
 * GCSE Science/Uses of electromagnets
 * GCSE Science/The motor effect
 * GCSE Science/Induction
 * GCSE Science/Generating electricity
 * GCSE Science/Transformers

title: GCSE Science/Electromagnetism


text:
Timon and Pumbaa

Timon and Pumbaa are an animated meerkat and wild boar duo introduced in Disney's 1994 animated feature film The Lion King and its franchise. Timon was played through his many appearances by Nathan Lane (in all three films and early episodes of the show), Max Casella (the original actor in Broadway musical), Kevin Schon (in certain episodes of the show), Quinton Flynn (in certain episodes of the show), Bruce Lanoil in the Wild About Safety shorts and Kingdom Hearts II, while Pumbaa is voiced by Ernie Sabella (in all of his traditionally animated speaking appearances), and was portrayed by Tom Alan Robbins in the original cast of the Broadway musical. In the CGI remake, the characters are portrayed by Billy Eichner and Seth Rogen, respectively. Nathan Lane and Ernie Sabella first came to audition for the roles of the hyenas, but when the producers saw how well they worked together, they decided to cast them as Timon and Pumbaa.

As with many characters in The Lion King, Pumbaa's name derives from the East African language Swahili. In Swahili, pumbaa (v.) means "to be foolish, silly, weakminded, careless, negligent." Timon is one of the few characters whose name has no meaning in Swahili; Timon is a historical Greek name, taken to mean "he who respects." Timon's name may derive from Shakespeare's tragedy Timon of Athens, another Shakespeare reference in a film which derives its plot from Hamlet. The tragedy is based in the history of the real Timon of Athens, a famous misanthrope during the era of the Peloponnesian War, who refused life in Athens to live isolated. Another explanation is that he is named after the Greek philosopher Timon, a disciple of Pyrrho, the founder of the school of skepticism.

Timon is an insouciant and fast-talking meerkat who is known for claiming Pumbaa's ideas as his own. Pumbaa is a warthog with flatulence problems but is also a brave warrior, charging into battle like a battering ram, and taking great offense if anyone who's not his friend calls him a pig, at which point he exclaims "They call me Mister pig!"—a reference to Sidney Poitier's line "They call me Mister Tibbs!" from the 1967 film In the Heat of the Night and then screams as he charges. Unlike real meerkats, Timon can walk on his hind legs, while in real life, meerkats walk on all four legs and can only stand on their hind ones.

Conception
During production of The Lion King, Timon and Pumbaa were portrayed as children who grew up with Simba in the Pride Lands and fled with him to the jungle. Timon and Pumbaa's roles were later changed to make them "strangers and fellow outcasts" so that Simba would have someone to take him under their wing.

Timon and Pumbaa originally sang a song titled "Warthog Rhapsody", but it was ultimately replaced by "Hakuna Matata" as the filmmakers wanted to move the plot along and have Simba being shown turning his back on responsibilities. The "Hakuna Matata" musical sequence originally had a verse explaining Timon's backstory. In this version, Timon was an oddball amongst other meerkats from his former colony as he refused to work, which ultimately led to his exile. That scene was deleted as the filmmakers felt that it was not working, thus changing the scene to focus on Pumbaa's background instead.

According to George Scribner, Pumbaa was originally conceived as an elephant by Lion King screenwriter Linda Woolverton, but Scribner recommended that he be a warthog instead.

Voice
Originally, Nathan Lane auditioned for the role of Zazu, and he and his friend and fellow voice actor Ernie Sabella were originally cast for the hyenas. Upon meeting at the recording studio, Lane and Sabella – who were starring together in a Broadway production of Guys and Dolls at the time – were asked to record together as hyenas. The directors laughed at their performance and because of their strong and authentic chemistry, they were instead cast as Timon and Pumbaa.

Design and characterization
Tony Bancroft and Michael Surrey were given the assignment to animate Timon and Pumbaa, having previously animated Aladdin and Iago from Aladdin (1992) and Cogsworth and Lumière from Beauty and the Beast (1991). Surrey commented that since a warthog would eat a meerkat in real life, they have taken quite a few liberties in making them friends. As he watched Nathan Lane at the recording session, he was able to embody his distinct eyebrows and facial expressions into the character of Timon. Bancroft added that he would typically start the animation in most scenes because Pumbaa is "almost like a moving stage for Timon", noting that Timon is usually on Pumbaa's head or his nose or climbing all over him. Before he did any actual drawing, he talked the scene over to Surrey to make sure that what he was doing would work with what Surrey had in mind for Timon.

Music
Timon and Pumbaa sing the musical number "Hakuna Matata" (written by Elton John with lyrics by Tim Rice) as they teach Simba about moving forward from their troubled pasts and forgetting their worries. It was rumored that Rice got the idea for the lyrics for the song from watching the comedy series Bottom and at one point wanted the show's stars Rik Mayall and Adrian Edmondson to play Timon and Pumbaa. However, Rice has stated that he meant to craft the number as a philosophical conversation.

Timon and Pumbaa also sing the beginning and end parts of the musical number "Can You Feel the Love Tonight", written by Elton John and Tim Rice. It was planned that the song was to be sung only by Timon and Pumbaa, but when the story reel was screened for John, he disliked the comical nature of the concept as he declared that the song was meant to follow "Disney's tradition of great love songs", and that it could "express the lions' feelings for each other far better than dialogue could". As a result, Rice wrote another draft of the song in which Timon and Pumbaa opened, while Simba, Nala, and the choir sang in the middle. This version of the song ended up being the finalized version, although John remained partial to the original lyrics.

The Lion King
Timon and Pumbaa are played by Nathan Lane and Ernie Sabella. Timon was animated and created by Michael Surrey. They made their first appearances in the 1994 film when they chased away the vultures that swarmed around young Simba, who had collapsed from heat exhaustion. Timon and Pumbaa then took the comatose lion cub back to a small pool, where they splashed water on him to wake him up. After Simba is awakened by the two, they introduce themselves and welcome Simba to stay with them and follow their hakuna matata philosophy. At first, Simba is unsure about Timon and Pumbaa's lifestyle, but it is explained to him in the song "Hakuna Matata".

Many years later, while out on a musical walk with Timon, Pumbaa is distracted by a bug, which he follows into the jungle. The bug leads him right to a hungry lioness prowling around, who then tries to hunt down Pumbaa. She chases the warthog until Simba springs into action, and the two lions engage in conflict. When the lioness pins Simba, he recognizes her as Nala, his childhood playmate. They are happy to be together, but Timon is jealous after they leave for a night of romance. He and Pumbaa start singing the song "Can You Feel the Love Tonight?" and are joined by Simba and Nala on their night out. Still, the two help Simba fight Scar and gain his rightful place as the king of the Pride Lands, most notably when they create a hula distraction to lure away Scar's hyenas. Pumbaa single-handedly defeats Shenzi, Banzai and Ed. They also stand on top of Pride Rock along with Simba and Nala when Rafiki presents Simba and Nala's newborn cub to the animals of the Pride Lands.

The Lion King's Timon & Pumbaa
Timon and Pumbaa starred in their own spin-off television series. The duo continues to live by their problem-free philosophy Hakuna Matata, having many adventures in their jungle home, as well as across the globe, such as the United States, Spain, and France. In this series, Timon and Pumbaa are given full names: Timon's is revealed to be "Timon Leslie Berkowitz" and Pumbaa's is revealed to be "Pumbaa Smith".

Being bug eaters, Timon and Pumbaa are often shown hunting for grubs of various species. There are, however, certain grubs that Timon and Pumbaa are willing to relent eating and decide to befriend, mostly those that have sentience and even the ability to speak, such as Speedy the snail. There are also certain species of bugs that they would not eat due to their notorious natures, such as stinkbugs. Timon and Pumbaa are also occasionally seen spreading their Hakuna Matata lifestyle to others, although they learn that such lifestyle does not work for everyone, such as humans and bees, as shown in the episodes "Swiss Missed" and "To Be Bee or Not to Be Bee" respectively. The series also highlights and expands on Timon and Pumbaa's friendship, showing their liking and occasional conflict with each other and them celebrating their own holiday called "Bestest Best Friend Day", which was established by Pumbaa to show how much he values their friendship.

It is revealed in the series that before Timon met Pumbaa, he had a best friend named Fred, who is a meerkat who loves to laugh and play around as well as pulling practical jokes. The episode "Isle of Manhood" also reveals Timon taking a manhood test in order to become a full-fledged meerkat. Timon also tends to get involved in "get-rich-quick" schemes throughout the series.

As usual, Pumbaa proves to be the brains of the duo, but Timon thinks that he is. It is shown in the series that Pumbaa is very popular among the jungle and usually gains the chance to live the glamorous life, but gives it up for Timon. Pumbaa's notorious odor also annoys Timon on some occasions, as shown in the episode "Scent of the South" where he berates Pumbaa for smelling bad, leading Pumbaa to seek help from a skunk expert to remove his odor. In the episode "Russia Hour", Pumbaa is shown to have an uncle named Boaris, who is very famous in Russia due to his ballet dancing skills. Pumbaa is also shown to have a deceased uncle named Ernie in "Sense & Senegambia". In another episode "New Guinea Pig", it is shown that Pumbaa's tusks can get in his way of doing some activities or passing through some things. As a result, Pumbaa starts to get tired of them and considers trading them to the three natives. The warthog later realizes how useful his tusks are and learns from Timon that they are an important part of what makes him who he is. It is also revealed that years before the episode "Madagascar About You", an arranged marriage has been set up for Pumbaa before he was even born.

The episode "Once Upon a Timon" reveals (one of the two versions of) Timon's origin and how he first met Pumbaa, where it is shown that Timon was a member of a colony of meerkats who each had a specific duty. The episode "Home is Where the Hog is" reveals that Pumbaa was a member of a sounder of warthogs who banished him due to his foul smell, and as a result, Pumbaa spent his life as a loner until he met and befriended Timon.

The Lion King II: Simba's Pride
It is unclear whether Timon and Pumbaa have taken up residence at Pride Rock, or just make frequent visits. They serve as aides to Simba and are often called upon to protect his adventurous daughter Kiara, replacing Zazu's role as babysitters. Despite being bumbling, Simba trusts them to look after Kiara and does not blame them when Kiara escapes as Kiara is known to do so.

A few years later when a now adolescent Kiara goes on her first hunt, they are hired to make sure she won't get hurt. Furious that Simba broke his promise to let her hunt alone, Kiara leaves the Pride Lands to hunt outside the boundary. Timon and Pumbaa also teach Kovu how to have fun after he forgets due to years of indoctrination in hatred. When Kovu's pride, the Outsiders, ambush Simba, Timon is on Simba's side instantly, not even wanting to hear Kovu's explanation. Afterwards, they discover that Kiara has left Pride Rock (having left to find Kovu) and reveal this to Simba, much to the latter's annoyance as he had forbidden Kiara to leave Pride Rock in order to stop her from seeing Kovu again. Timon and Pumbaa later assist Simba and his pride in the battle against Kovu's vengeful and bitter mother Zira, and the Outsiders, but get chased off and trapped by a group of Outsider lionesses, until Timon threatens to use Pumbaa's tail as a gun and use his gas on them causing them to flee in fear. When Simba tries to make peace with Zira after Kiara convinces him that both prides "were one", he uses the same advice Timon and Pumbaa gave him when he was a cub (put the past behind you) showing how much he had learned from his old friends.

Timon and Pumbaa then return to Pride Rock with the pride and witness Kiara marry Kovu.

The Lion King 1½
Timon and Pumbaa are the main characters in this follow-up, which reveals an alternative version of Timon's origin and how he first met Pumbaa. The two are also revealed to have passed by and caused some key events in the first film before their first appearance. Timon, his mother Ma, and Uncle Max were part of a group of meerkats who lived on the savannah, but he was unable to do any job to a good standard, and almost led to the meerkats being eaten by the hyenas Shenzi, Banzai and Ed. Miserable, he received counsel from Rafiki, who taught him the "Hakuna Matata" philosophy and told him to "look beyond what you see." Timon took this literally and set off to find the ultimate paradise. Along the way, he first encountered Pumbaa, and the two became friends. On the way to find paradise, they passed by the presentation of Simba (it turns out that Pumbaa accidentally passed some gas and the smell made an elephant trumpet and a few animals collapse, causing the other animals to think they were bowing and later they all bowed) and Mufasa was very puzzled at seeing this and his majordomo Zazu then tells him they are bowing to his son; Simba, Nala, and when the animals are singing "I Just Can't Wait To Be King" (it was Timon who hit an elephant's leg with a stick, causing the pyramid of animals to collapse); the elephant graveyard where Mufasa was on his way to save Simba and Nala from the hyenas ("I see carnivores"); the hyenas marching to "Be Prepared" ("something tells me this ain't the traveling company of Riverdance"); and the wildebeest stampede ("Shall we run for our lives?" "Oh yes, let's."). Finally, they reach a beautiful oasis and are enjoying life until they find an unconscious Simba. After rescuing Simba, Timon and Pumbaa find themselves as surrogate parents trying to keep up with the head-strong cub.

The film also shows more of Simba's life with Timon and Pumbaa before Nala came along, stating that Simba had beaten Timon in every bug-eating contest they had done with one another. Timon and Pumbaa, afraid that Nala would take away their friend, attempted to spoil Simba and Nala's date by letting out bees, a spider, and tripping the two (explaining why they fell down the hill in the first film), but all failed. Later on, they see Simba and Nala arguing. They also mistake the appearance of Mufasa's ghost as bad weather ("I think the storm is coming to a head"). After they realize Simba has gone back to take his rightful place as king, it is revealed that Pumbaa had set off to help Simba before Timon, who was unsupportive and angry. Timon eventually came to his senses thanks to Rafiki's continued advice, and quickly followed, after which Rafiki says, "My work here is done." After the duo provide their hula distraction, they encounter Ma and Uncle Max, who had been searching for Timon ever since he left the meerkat colony. Later on during the fight, they defeat the hyenas by digging a massive tunnel network, sending the hyenas down Pride Rock where they get to take revenge on Scar who had betrayed them. At the end, Timon takes his entire meerkat colony to live in the oasis, free from danger.

Despite the appearance of Timon's mother, Ma (who was also given reference in at least one episode of Timon & Pumbaa) and his Uncle Max, Timon's father is never mentioned. However, in deleted scenes, Timon's father is an active character, though he was apparently replaced by Uncle Max.

The Lion Guard
Timon and Pumbaa appear with several of the film's other characters in the Disney Junior series The Lion Guard, which centers around Simba & Nala's second-born cub, Kion. During the series, which is set within the time gap in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride, Timon and Pumbaa are adoptive uncles of a young honey badger named Bunga, who is one of the members of the Lion Guard. When Bunga was an infant, he encountered Timon and Pumbaa singing "Utamu". Instantly smitten, Bunga had begun following them around. Pumbaa wanted to keep Bunga, but Timon didn't want to raise anymore kids since he and Pumbaa have already done so with Simba, but the two friends see that the honey badger wants to be with them as well. Before he accepted Bunga, Timon instructed the honey badger to climb a tree and fetch them some Utamu grubs. When Bunga had succeeded and given the grubs to Timon, the meerkat had allowed him to stay, and the three have lived together ever since.

The Lion King (2019)
Billy Eichner and Seth Rogen played Timon and Pumbaa (in the first instance of the latter being voiced by somebody other than Sabella) respectively in the 2019 CGI remake. Director Jon Favreau encouraged Rogen and Eichner, who did their voice recordings together, to improvise a lot.

Eichner said that "It's such a great role that allows you to do so much. But I've learned that the bigger the project and the bigger the names that you're working with, the more you have to ignore it. If you get to the soundstage and you're thinking, 'Oh my God, what a full-circle moment! Nathan Lane did it originally! Beyoncé's in this!' then you're paralyzed creatively. You just have to put that out of your head in order to get the job done." Eichner also talked about having "what some may consider a gay sensibility" that he brought to the table when he voiced Timon.

Rogen said that "As an actor, I 100 percent don't think I'm right for every role—there are a lot of roles I don't think I'm right for even in movies I'm making—but Pumbaa was one I knew I could do well. Truthfully, I probably would have been a little insulted if [Favreau] didn't ask me to."

Among the movie's vocal performances, Eichner and Rogen received particular praise by critics, with A.V. Club's A.A. Dowd proclaiming: "Ultimately, only Billy Eichner and Seth Rogen, as slacker sidekicks Timon and Pumbaa, make much of an impression; their funny, possibly ad-libbed banter feels both fresh and true to the spirit of the characters—the perfect remake recipe."

Other appearances
Timon and Pumbaa made regular appearances in the animated television series House of Mouse (2001–2002) as guests and also appeared in Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse. An occasional running gag in the show involved Timon trying to eat Jiminy Cricket, only to be stopped by Pumbaa.

The two have made cameos in other Disney films and TV series. In Aladdin and the King of Thieves, the Genie turns into Pumbaa in a scene saying, "Hakuna Matata". Timon appears in the Virtual Magic Carpet Ride game included on disc 2 of the 2004 Aladdin Platinum Edition DVD. In Enchanted, Pip accidentally transforms himself momentarily into Pumbaa in the DVD extra "Pip's Predicament: A Pop-Up Adventure". Pumbaa makes a cameo appearance in the "Good Neighbor Cruella" episode of 101 Dalmatians: The Series. Both characters make a cameo appearance in the Lilo & Stitch: The Series finale film, Leroy & Stitch, hidden among Stitch's experiment "cousins" in the climax. In The Jungle Book 2, two animals resembling Timon and Pumbaa can briefly be seen dancing during the song "W-I-L-D" until Baloo knocks them off the wall with his backside. Rogen reprises the 2019 film version of Pumbaa in the 2022 film Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers, who appears in a scene with several other characters also voiced by Rogen.

The duo also appeared within the Timon and Pumbaa’s Virtual Safari series of interactive virtual games. Produced by Buena Vista Home Entertainment, Disney Feature Animation, and DisneyToon Studios, these DVD bonus-feature games were included within Disney's The Lion King-related DVD releases throughout the 2000's. Ernie Sabella reprised the voice of Pumbaa and Kevin Schon voiced Timon for the first game. Nathan Lane returned to voice Timon for the latter Virtual Safari installments.

Timon and Pumbaa were featured in a series of commercials that were part of the Smart Yet Satisfying PSA Campaign. These commercials were co-developed by Disney, Team Nutrition, and the United States Department of Agriculture. They are all animated in the style of the 1995 TV show (and by extension, the style of a typical Disney Afternoon cartoon).

Timon and Pumbaa, along with a young Simba, appeared on the packaging of the Kellogg's cereal "Chocolate Mud & Bugs", which was themed around them.

The two were referenced in The Black Eyed Peas and J Balvin song Ritmo (Bad Boys for Life).

Video games
Disney Interactive Studios published two games starring Timon and Pumbaa. The first game is titled Timon & Pumbaa's Jungle Games, which was released in 1995 for Microsoft Windows under the "Disney Gamebreak" brand and was developed by 7th Level. It consists of five mini-games, including Jungle Pinball (a pinball game where the board is filled with animals instead of bumpers), Burper (a shooter type game, using Pumbaa to belch gas), Hippo Hop (concept similar to Frogger), Bug Drop (based on Puyo Puyo), and Slingshooter (a slingshot game) accessible directly from the menu. The second game published was an educational game titled Adventures in Typing with Timon & Pumbaa, which was released in 1998 for PCs with Microsoft Windows and Mac OS. It teaches children how to type through use of five games.

Timon and Pumbaa reprise their roles from The Lion King in the 2006 video game Kingdom Hearts II. They charge in to battle the hyenas, and are saved by the game's main protagonists Sora, Donald Duck, and Goofy. After Simba's coronation, they fear that Simba will forget them and let the other lions eat them, though Sora assures them that Simba will never forget them. Pumbaa later shows his bravery by standing between a pregnant Nala and Scar's "ghost". Ernie Sabella reprises his role as Pumbaa, while Timon is voiced by Bruce Lanoil. Coincidentally, Quinton Flynn also had a role in the game, providing the voice for Axel of Organization XIII.

Timon and Pumbaa are playable characters to unlock for a limited time in Disney Magic Kingdoms.

Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
Timon appears at Walt Disney Parks and Resorts as a meetable character in Adventureland and at Disney’s Animal Kingdom, while Pumbaa occasionally appears on show or parade floats. At Walt Disney World, the two appear in signage explaining the park's safety policies to visitors. They were similarly featured on the Disney Safety website which was created in conjunction with Animax Entertainment until its closure. Timon and Pumbaa were main characters in The Legend of the Lion King, a defunct Fantasyland attraction in Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom, which retold the story of the film using fully articulated puppets. The two also make cameo appearances in the Hong Kong Disneyland and the Disneyland versions of It's a Small World. They appeared along with Simba in the film Circle of Life: An Environmental Fable, an edutainment film at Epcot's Land Pavilion that ran from 1995 to 2018. Timon and Pumbaa both feature in Festival of the Lion King at Animal Kingdom, voiced by Kevin Schon and Ernie Sabella.

Educational shorts
Timon and Pumbaa were featured in a series of educational shorts called Find Out Why, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. These shorts involved Timon and Pumbaa answering kids' questions about science, such as why there is lightning, why we sneeze, why pandas don't live in deserts, why there is wind, and why an airplane flies. The shorts were interstitial segments of the Saturday morning cartoon block Disney's One Saturday Morning in 2000. The series contained of nine shorts, five of which were featured in the extras at Disc 2 of the 1998 film's Special Edition DVD in 2004.

Disney Educational Productions and Underwriters Laboratories co-produced an educational film series called Wild About Safety: Safety Smart with Timon and Pumbaa, where Pumbaa educated Timon on how to stay safe. Ernie Sabella reprised his role as Pumbaa, while Timon was voiced by Bruce Lanoil. The series ran from 2008 to 2013. Each installment is approximately 12 minutes long. They are all somewhat animated in the style of the 1994 film, with occasional use of stock footage from the movie, as well as Tony Bancroft, who animated Pumbaa in the film, returning as an animator for the series. The following titles were produced:
 * Wild About Safety: Safety Smart At Home! (2008)
 * Wild About Safety: Safety Smart Goes Green! (2009)
 * Wild About Safety: Safety Smart In The Water! (2009)
 * Wild About Safety: Safety Smart About Fire! (2009)
 * Wild About Safety: Safety Smart Healthy and Fit! (2010)
 * Wild About Safety: Safety Smart Online! (2012)
 * Wild About Safety: Safety Smart Honest & Real! (2013)
 * Wild About Safety: Safety Smart On The Go! (2013)

title: Timon and Pumbaa


text:
User:The Reflex

Lakitu
First off, sorry for destroying your double-redirect user talk page, but it's important for people to be able to contact you. You probably didn't know this, but Lakitu is a Featured Article. Such articles should not be merged into other articles without first discussing things. For that reason, I reverted your merger of Lakitu into Mario series enemies and added a tag to the Mario series article. — BrianSmithson 22:25, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User:The Reflex


text:
Cookbook:Appetizers

Appetizers are dishes served before a meal or at a cocktail party or other informal occasion. They are often referred to as snacks or hors d' oeuvres.

In general, appetizers are intended to be eaten by hand in a bite or two, or at least be capable of being cut with the side of a fork, rather than a knife. Since appetizers are a customary course in French and Italian cooking, among other styles of cooking, it is fairly easy to find haute cuisine recipes for appetizers.

Arguably, one fundamental, unspoken, purpose of appetizers, especially in a restaurant setting, is to keep hungry people fed until the main dish is served.

In a home setting, people who might have trouble getting the main meal on the table in a timely fashion on a particular day, such as a holiday, might especially want to have planned in advance to serve an appetizer of some type or sort.

One of the most fundamental appetizer categories in modern times, ignoring haute cuisine, is the dip and carrier combination, of which the variations are endless.

Recipes
For a complete, automatically generated list of recipes, see Category:Appetizer recipes.

title: Cookbook:Appetizers


text:
Samuel R. Quiñones

Samuel Ramón Quiñones Quiñones (October 29, 1903 – March 11, 1976), commonly known as Samuel R. Quiñones, was a prominent attorney in Puerto Rico who served as Speaker of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico from 1941 to 1943 and for twenty years in the Senate of Puerto Rico as its fifth President, from 1949 to 1968, by far the longest serving Senate President. He is also the only person to hold both posts.

Biography
Samuel Ramón Quiñones Quiñones was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico to his parents Don Francisco Quiñones and Doña Dolores Quiñones. He studied law at the University of Puerto Rico School of Law.

During the 1930s and 1940s, he served on various organizations: President of Ateneo Puertorriqueño (1934-1937), President of Colegio de Abogados (1943-1945), President of House of Representatives in Puerto Rico (1941-1943), Vice President for the Senate of Puerto Rico (1945), and elected President of PPD (Partido Popular Democrático) in 1938. He had also served as Speaker of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico in the early 1940s. During his terms in office as President of the Senate, he commissioned the famed Toro & Ferrer architectural firm to design the Senate Annex office building, which was inaugurated in 1955.

Between 1951 and 1952, he served as one of the most prominent members of the Constitutional Convention of Puerto Rico that drafted the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

A prolific poet and writer, he founded the literary magazine called Índice. In 1941 he published an essay book: Temas y letras.

Quiñones died in San Juan, Puerto Rico by his mouth cancer on March 11, 1976, at the age of 71. Was buried at Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

title: Samuel R. Quiñones


text:
Template:2019–20 NHL Western Conference standings/doc

This is a template that was created to easily update every article with the NHL Western Conference standings. This regular season was shorten due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the NHL adopted a special 24-team playoff tournament.

Here is the listing of all NHL division and conference standing templates for the 2019–20 NHL season.

 * Template:2019–20 NHL Eastern Conference standings
 * Template:2019–20 NHL Atlantic Division standings
 * Template:2019–20 NHL Metropolitan Division standings
 * Template:2019–20 NHL Eastern Conference Wild Card standings
 * Template:2019–20 NHL Western Conference standings
 * Template:2019–20 NHL Central Division standings
 * Template:2019–20 NHL Pacific Division standings
 * Template:2019–20 NHL Western Conference Wild Card standings


text:
Tordis

Etymology
From.

Usage notes
Matronymics
 * son of Tordis: Tordisarson
 * daughter of Tordis: Tordisardóttir

Etymology
.

title: Tordis


text:
Ala, Republic of Dagestan

Ala (Ала; ГӀвала) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tlogobsky Selsoviet, Gunibsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 140 as of 2010.

Geography
Ala is located 43 km northwest of Gunib (the district's administrative centre) by road, on the Kudiyabor River. Lakhchayda and Agada are the nearest rural localities.

title: Ala, Republic of Dagestan


text:
Talk:Structured Query Language

General comments
"Maybe it would be a good idea create an entire book about databases and reference that as a requirement for learning SQL.."
 * I agree. The same would also go for having a book about Computer Programming as a prerequisite for learning C++. Noldoaran 03:21, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * See Programming:Database Programming. --Lathspell 23:41, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

You need to introduce language elements in their properly defined categories (DDL / DML/ DCL). Also, the section on relational database history is out of place. If you're going to talk about databases in general, put that section BEFORE any information on SQL itself, so that you can introduce SQL in that context. Also, you might consider removing the references to the term "relational", since many would argue that SQL DBMSs certainly are not.
 * Done. I left "relational" though as SQL is about relational (in the math sense) databases although maybe not about "relational in the strict sense of Codds 12 rules" (which probably nobody I personally know has ever read :)). Or where are the violations? --Lathspell 00:11, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

It would be helpful for readers to preface the two tracks with information about to evaluate which track of the two tracks to read?. What is the distinction between the standard and classic tracks? --DeCage (discuss • contribs) 15:42, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

 * The 'classic' track is the first version of this book. When I created a complete new version around 2012, I refused to overwrite the old one and created the additional 'standard' track. But my intention was - and is - replacing the 'classic' track completely. All concepts, topics, and syntax elements shall be contained in the new version. Therefore my question: does the 'classic' track has some advantages over the 'standard' track (as of today)? Shall we transfer special topics of 'classic' to 'standard' and then delete this version? Kelti (discuss • contribs) 08:57, 28 March 2019 (UTC)

 * I've mostly been working with the standard track. I don't know the 2 tracks well enough to understand whether or how to merge the two. In a quick comparison it looks like 'standard' has more complete explanations and 'classic' has a more reference and graphical approach. Maybe each approach is useful to different readers. dCage (discuss • contribs) 21:05, 2 April 2019 (UTC)

SQL Syntax?
Should SQL keywords like SELECT, WHERE, JOIN, ect be in all capitals in the examples? Some of them are, while others are in all lowercase. I feel as though this would make the syntax more readable and it is pretty much standard to do so anyway. --Nick Manley 03:10, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Definetly yes! --Lathspell 06:41, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

Should we drop all these empty sections?
I suggest we gank all the empty sections. In the beginning, we just should just accumulate as much SQL-related material as we can, and then later try to organize it.
 * No empty sections visible? Already removed? --Lathspell 00:11, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

DBMS's
We should also mention IMB DB2 and MS SQL Server since these are also two major DBMS's --Nathan 21:35, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. --Lathspell 00:11, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

Factual Error?
Is text actually a SQL standard datatype?? --Nathan 21:34, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
 * No it's at least not in the SQL2003 standard. Replaced with "integer". --Lathspell 00:11, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

Revisions
I did some major revisions on the JOINS secion. I hope to continue and complete these changes --Nathan 20:35, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

I changed an error in the "ADDING DATA" section it was quantiy now it quantiy_available to match the code in the table creation. Also I note when I SELECT * FROM fruit; I get 1's in the second column. after checking the mysql reference it is probably due to not specifying the "precision and the scale" http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/4.1/en/numeric-types.html I'm not sure if this is common with most kinds of SQL as I am just learning but... perhaps a note should be made --Caleb Wed May 24 20:42:40 EDT 2006

I reordered the introduction so that it now goes from Databases -> Relational Databases -> SQL -> SQL servers. The language commands were tried to be grouped into DDL and DML to make it easier for other people to find the right point for additions. --Lathspell 00:11, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

From IP talk page
I think that the assertion that SQL is "a method for specifying the means of requesting data..." is convoluted and incorrect. SQL isn't a method: it's a language. SQL also doesn't specify the means, or how to accomplish the task Rather, it specifies the ends: the desired or expected result of the operation. I added a more descriptive definition of SQL as a declarative language to further clarify this point.

I also removed the paragraph that incorrectly stated that SQL is non-programmable. Of course SQL is programmable, since it is after all a database programming language. I think the original author may have confused this term with non-procedural, which has quite a different meaning. In any case, I added a reference to the characteristics of procedural database languages to further clarify how the contrast between SQL as a declarative language. Further expansion of this topic could be useful to show the steps to perform a query using dBase/xBase code vs. SQL.

I also think the term metadata shouldn't be used without a definition or reference to its meaning, since it isn't a term that readers should be expected to know.

Introducing foreign keys without first discussing primary keys is not a very good idea. Foreign key specifications won't work without primary keys, so the CREATE TABLE example with the REFERENCES clause wouldn't ever work. Creating tables without primary keys is also a very bad example. I also noticed that primary keys are being used later in the examples, but with no prior description of them.

(thanks for moving my comments here - I'm a Wikibooks newbie). —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 16:34, 24 Dec 2006 (UTC)

Expansion of SQL description
I added several examples of simple SQL commands to give the reader a quick overview of what SQL syntax actually looks like in practice. I also expanded the discussion of how SQL is used in context with other languages, with a brief introduction to two tier client/server processing and middleware libraries. Additional examples showing SQL used within these other language contexts might be useful, however it's probably time to create additional pages to go into these details. --Sqldbaguy 03:48, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

printable version problem
The queries example are in scroll panes on the printable version, they should be in regular wrappable cells. Please feel free to MOVE this notice to some other page but the problem should be addressed and I'd like to know where it should be. --DynV 00:43, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Comment on proposed merging MySQL implementations into this book
I would recommend against discussing any relational database implementation syntaxes. It tends to become a black whole of comparisons, or separate segments of a chapter that would be better served as a separate version of the text. This book seems to focus squarely on the subject of the general concepts that are consistent the SQL standards, thus should be to all implementations. My feeling is that it is best to learn the standard then go on to learn implementation, of which I now have implemented projects on MySQL, Oracle & SQL Server. The MySQL book is developing on it's own. Merging MySQL has two problems, first it would make it more difficult for those trying find content only for MySQL and second it would make this book loose focus on what is common between all implementations of SQL. Compounding this is merging MySQL indicate content on Oracle, DB2, and SQL Server all need to be added since all three have larger market shares than MySQL (at least as of 2005). <IP_ADDRESS> 02:03, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

Extensions
I have plans to create some more pages for our book during spring and summer 2012. You can find a first draft of TOC at my sandbox. Comments desired!

As I'm not a native English speaking person, I like to get your support concerning accurate phrasing. You may write directly into my sandbox. --Kelti (discuss • contribs) 12:45, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Good news. I have several advices for you :)
 * SQL:2011 has been published three months ago. You have the chance to write documentation for this latest specification instead of the SQL:2008 specification.
 * I think you'd rather add your pages one by one directly in the final location instead of writing your pages in a sandbox. Each time a page is finished, you can add the page in the summary. The documentation would be improved in real time. If someone modifies an existing page, you won't have to merge the content. And you know "Motivation lack always strikes when it shouldn't" :) To be sure your work will be merged one day, merge your work constantly.
 * Good contributions. Ftiercel (discuss • contribs) 20:18, 22 March 2012 (UTC)

I have finished the first block of five additional pages and will integrate them to the book mid of May. Please review them (content and my poor english phrasing) by correcting the text directly in my sandbox and give me feedback in discussion pages. Here is the link: User:Kelti/sandbox --Kelti (discuss • contribs) 10:02, 9 May 2012 (UTC)
 * OK. Ftiercel (discuss • contribs) 01:07, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

Further Extensions
I plan to merge the book at end of 2013 with the content of my sandbox and its subpages. There are ten new pages, which overlaps in form and content with existing pages. As my work is not finished I leave the old pages 'as is'. In the new version preliminary there will be two tracks: the 'classic track' with the unchanged, actual pages and the new 'evolving track' with the new pages. I/we shall move the classic track to the evolving track, so that it gets superfluous one day.

Some more comments: --Kelti (discuss • contribs) 19:51, 16 December 2013 (UTC)
 * I use a new data model with 4 tables. I think this one is easierer to understand and at the same time an example of all possible relationships: 1:n and n:m.
 * I have tested all statements against MySQL and Oracle. If possible, please test against MS SQL Server, db2 and postgres.
 * The new pages focus on textual explanations, examples and exercises. The SQL syntax is of course also presented, but is not a priority.
 * Please review the new pages (content and especially my poor english phrasing) by correcting the text directly in my sandbox.
 * I will read that. Ftiercel (discuss • contribs) 21:18, 16 December 2013 (UTC)

Who is supposed to be target audience of this wikibook?
Because it looks extremely hermetic - mostly for tech geeks and academics. Nimdil (discuss • contribs) 10:06, 14 December 2017 (UTC)

 * In fact we tried to find a compromise between technical accuracy and feuetonistic length of the textual representation. This is done in the hope to address the (expected) typically reader of an IT related Wikibook: persons with a mid-term or even long-term interest on the topic ('junior geeks'). They differ from a typical Wikipedia user which seeks for a short-term explanation, e.g.: DB2 return codes, and from a Wikiversitiy user which seeks for general principles, e.g. relational algebra.

 * At the same time we focused the content to the books title: pure SQL standard - no implementation aspects, no performance aspects, no theory.

 * How can we improve the book?
 * More detailed explanations in the text?
 * More examples?
 * Something else?
 * My observation is, that the more complex issues like 'window functions' are retrieved only by few readers. The basic issues have a higher page recall.
 * Kelti (discuss • contribs) 09:19, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

Standard and Classic Tracks : integration or maintain : discussions and actions
Hi all, This topic is created to discuss how to move forward with the Standard and Classic tracks.

In the Extensions and Further Extensions topics on this discussion page, a plan to merge the two tracks is described. This seems like a good plan to move forward with. Both tracks have positive features and cover the same knowledge domain.

The Standard track uses a consistent set of example tables throughout. This is helpful to the reader. The examples are nice. The exercises at the end of sections is helpful. The shorter sections are useful for the reader to learn a bit at a time.

The Classic track has a good introductory overview of relational databases. It also has a more visual display of tables and displays results so the reader can verify the commands on their own database system. Also the classic track is organized on by the main sections of the SQL language: Data Query Language, Data Manipulation Language, and Data Definition Language.

Each of the above distinctions are positive qualities and there are probably others too. Integrating these 2 tracks could make a stronger single track by combining these positive features.

Does this look like a good thing to do or are there other approaches?

DeCage (discuss • contribs) 17:44, 16 May 2019 (UTC)

 * I'm in favour of such a merge. The topics listed by DeCage are important - and I want to add a minor aspect. If you check the number of readers, you will recognize that only the first and second page of the classic track shows significant interest of the public. Therefor we can concentrate our efford to this two pages. And the last page 'DB2 Return Codes' shall not be part of the SQL wikibook - it describes an issue of one specific implementation. Concerning return codes SQL uses SQLSTATE. --Kelti (discuss • contribs) 14:05, 29 May 2019 (UTC)

 * The new start-page is reduced to the standard track. It contains two pages with introductory information about relational DBMS; it is structured for DQL, DCL, DML, and DDL; the used four tables are visualized in an ER-model; the tables are used in a consistent way for all examples and exercises. IMO we don't miss any critical text of the classic track. Please let me know if you believe that something important is lost. --Kelti (discuss • contribs) 10:08, 6 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Structured Query Language


text:
File:Watcher (Buffyverse).jpg

Summary
Screenshot from Buffy. Produce by 20th Century Fox, originally aired by WB Television Network. Picture only used identify character in image.

Rationale
A low resolution screenshot from the Buffy the Vampire Slayer TV series for use in the article Watcher (Buffy the Vampire Slayer). The photo is only being used for informational purposes, and its inclusion in the article adds significantly to the article because it shows the subject of this article. It is believed that the use of web-resolution images for identification qualifies as fair use. Any other uses of this image, on Wikipedia or elsewhere, might be copyright infringement

title: File:Watcher (Buffyverse).jpg


text:
atmosfäär

Etymology
From, from , ultimately from +.

Noun

 * 1) atmosphere
 * 2) The layers of gases surrounding Earth or other astronomical body.
 * 3) The predominant mood, ambiance, milieu, environment.
 * 4)  A unit of measurement for pressure equal to 101325 Pa, 760 mm column of mercury (symbol: atm)
 * 1)  A unit of measurement for pressure equal to 101325 Pa, 760 mm column of mercury (symbol: atm)
 * 1)  A unit of measurement for pressure equal to 101325 Pa, 760 mm column of mercury (symbol: atm)

Synonyms

 * õhkkond, õhustik

title: atmosfäär


text:
Romanian/Contents

Romanian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Romania and Moldova, as well as in some parts of Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria and Ukraine. It is part of the Romance group of the Indoeuropean family of languages. It is easiest to learn if someone already knows a related language such as Spanish, Catalan, French, Galician, Portuguese or Italian.

The most closely related are the other Romance languages, Italian being the closest, but any knowledge of Spanish, French, Galician or Portuguese might be very useful, especially because of the lexical and vocabulary similarities and the grammatical structure. A bit of knowledge of the Latin grammar might be useful as well.

Even more distant Indo-European languages have many similarities in both grammar and even common words, as many languages, like English have borrowed extensively words from Latin.

It is useful to know the language if travelling in Romania, especially in rural areas. Many people who know English and Romanian will understand any of its relatives, especially Spanish, French or Italian.

Note that in Romanian, there is a formal and informal form when addressing people. The informal is tu (you - singular) and voi (also you - plural). Use tu when addressing friends or people you know well. When addressing strangers, use Dumneavoastră or vă. Dumneavoastră is used for stressed pronouns, which are optional, vă is used for non-stressed pronouns, which are mandatory for direct and indirect objects. For instance, Vă mulțumesc means "Thank you" (accusative case, direct object), and Vă dau un telefon means "I telephone (to) you" (dative case, indirect object). The formal form of address requires the second person plural form of the verb at all times, even when addressing a single person. (This is similar to the French construction, and, to an extent, German.) Using the singular form can be considered rude or even insulting.

title: Romanian/Contents


text:
Talk:Internet security/Archive 1

Needless stuff out
I edited a lot of the needless stuff out, some stuff that was blatently not NPOV, and some things that looked like advertisements (even though I know they weren't). Almost a complete rewrite. If it's okay, maybe with a few improvements, I'll remove it from cleanup. -- KneeLess 00:49, 18 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * This article is still tremendously oversimplified, and in some cases just plain wrong. It needs much more review.<IP_ADDRESS> 00:59, 18 September 2004

 * While I believe more depth is needed, I thought the point of this article was to provide a simple explanation of possible steps and improvements. -- KneeLess 03:44, 18 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Scope
What should the scope of this articel be? As it stands it's a quickie guide to secuirng a home PC. Rich Farmbrough 00:45, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * That's what I thought the purpose was, what do you think it should be? -- KneeLess 19:09, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * It should be an encyclopedia article. This belongs on wikibooks. --Taejo | [[User talk:Taejo|Talk]] 12:53, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

Marking this as non-neutral
For one, the purpose of the article is not about telling users how to be secure, but what internet security is. It's not a "HOW TO" guide. It also needs to be in third person.

This article is already neutral, it just needs clean-up. I'm changing the tag. A Clown in the Dark 02:31, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Is there room in Wikipedia for basic guides, as well as dry academic reviews?
I got to this page because it appeared near the top of a google search. It was clear that it needed work, but I would like to see this page in a state where an average Internet user concerned about security would be usefully informed by it in a non-controversial way. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia but, there is no reason why it cannot be more than an encyclopedia (as long as articles obey the fundamental principles). Wikipedia has the potential to be of more use in a practical way than a conventional encyclopedia due to its broader content and greater chance of being up to date. The article should probably be renamed if someone wants to write a more dusty article on Internet security: the scope of this article is really "Internet security: threats and countermeasures", consciously aimed as a practical guide for an average computer user. Elroch 17:32, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

Organisation of links
Contrary to the knee-jerk reaction and statements of some readers of this article, the majority of the links that were in the article before an unselective hatchet job was performed (and repeated) were sources of unbiased information and free software (at least to personal users).

To meet any concerns about exposing unwary readers to commercial websites, I have classified the links into neutral sources of information, different types of software that is free for personal users, and put the purely commercial sites in a separate section at the end. I am slightly ambivalent about the inclusion of the last section, but WP:NOT states "external links to commercial organizations are acceptable if they can serve to identify major corporations associated with a topic", which includes links to major suppliers of security software here (there are some obvious omissions which have yet to be added).

No one should confuse this article with a link repository: it is a useful overview of Internet security with some unbiased links to useful resources at the end. Please remember that this article is designed for a wide range of users, and material should not be removed due to personal preferences.

Pedantically, I should perhaps have deleted the one link to a personal web page left in the sources of information, but the author has put together a page which I personally found useful, suggesting an entirely free security suite of well-reviewed software, so I could not justify deleting it.

Elroch 14:02, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi all — I'm the "knee-jerk" "hatchet jobbing" "some readers" mentioned above (although I typically don't describe myself in those terms). I generally don't find external links which are mainly products or advertising with little additional information helpful to an article. This article is no exception and has a higher proportion of external links than is typical for an article. My suggestion is to replace (per the guidelines for external links) the external links with a link to the appropriate dmoz.org page(s). For example,, produces the correct link to the same type of links. This has the added advantage of not having to explain to every spammer why their own product can't be added to the list of similar links already here. JonHarder 02:02, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Apologies for the adjectives I used in response to the indiscriminate deletion of links. I just wanted to ensure that the article continued to provide users with access to links to free software, and believe that the usefulness outweighs any minor objections (this is not the same as providing links to paid services). I would be happy as long as this need is served in a way which does not conflict with any of Wikipedia's principles. Elroch 14:15, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

Contents
I added some stuff in two sections:
 * 2 vivid forums in "External Links". Comment: I find some of the other links almost commercial and contain not much info, I wouldn't mind if anyone removed or replaced them.
 * Free Firewalls: Since only ZoneAlarm was mentioned, I added Comodo and Tiny/Kerio which are at least as good. Suggested improvements: Best would be to create an article "Free personal firewalls" (or as a section in the article "Personal firewall") and list them all there in detail instead, second best would be to make today's list complete, with all links referring to articles within Wikipedia, not external links.

Browser Choice
The browser choice section has nothing written about why browser choice might be relevant except for a blurb saying effectively, "ActiveX is bad." I'd say the section either needs to be deleted or expanded. mjlissner (talk) 05:57, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

Buffer overflow attacks - Incorrect?
The section on Buffer overflow attacks seems to confuse a Buffer overflow with a Denial of Service Attack. My view is that you don't need to send a "Immense Attack" to utilise a buffer overflow. I understand that this topic does not have to be overly technical, but this is wrong.

Also comparison to a "Brute Force" Attack is not valid. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:28, 7 October 2009 (UTC)

Content Added
I added new content which explains different types of security and the concept of firewalls and how they relate to internet security.Rameez-NJITWILL (talk) 18:57, 28 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your contribution. However, it requires extensive editing in regard to sources, consistency with the rest of the article, compliance with Wikipedia style and much more. Don't be surprised if someone undid it. In my opinion you should have publish your contribution in your blog instead of Wikipedia. Fleet Command (talk) 12:53, 29 June 2010 (UTC)

Major copy-edit
I have been working on a major copy-edit of this article for the  November 2010 Backlog Elimination Drive, and I think it is turning out much better than before.

However, it still suffers from some major issues, viz.:
 * It needs more citations.
 * It may be inaccurate and in need of more or improved information
 * (I have worked a bit on this, but that is not the goal of a copy-edit. Perhaps I shall do more work on this aspect later.)

If anyone feels that he or she can add to this article or improve it, please do. MathMaven (talk) 22:26, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

 * I have removed some tags from the article I think are now unnecessary; however, I am still in the process of copy-editing. There is still more work to be done. MathMaven  (talk) 22:30, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Internet security/Archive 1


text:
Merilii Jalg

Merilii Jalg (born September 20, 2001) is an Estonian draughts player, gold medalist of the Estonian women's championship in International and in Russian draughts (both 2018). The elder sister of the shashlist, Triinu Jalg (born 2005).

Sports biography
At the adult level, she has been competing since the year 2015. She is trained by Arno Uutma.
 * 2015
 * 7th place at the Estonian Women's Championship in International draughts
 * 2016
 * 4th place at the Estonian Women's Championship in International draughts

 * 4th place in the Estonian Women's Championship in Russian draughts
 * 2017
 * 2nd place in the Estonian Championship among women in Russian draughts
 * 15th place at the Women's World Draughts Championship
 * 2018
 * Estonian champion among women in Russian draughts
 * Estonian champion among women in International draughts
 * 27th place at the Women's World Draughts Championship (Rapid)

title: Merilii Jalg


text:
Botany/Plant structure

<< Contents Page | << Chapter 3 | Chapter 4 | Chapter 5 >>|

Chapter 4. Plant Vegetative Organs

The parrot's feather, an aquatic plant (Myriophyllum aquaticum) Click to [[Media:Parrotfeather.jpg| enlarge]] picture

Introduction
As was noted in the previous chapter, most plant cells are specialized to a greater or lesser degree, and arranged together in tissues. A tissue can be simple or complex depending upon whether it is composed of one or more than one type of cell. Tissues are further arranged or combined into organs that carry out life functions of the organism. Plant organs include the leaf, stem, root, and reproductive structures. The first three are sometimes called the vegetative organs and are the subject of exploration in this chapter. Reproductive organs will be covered in Chapter 5.

The relationships of the organs within a plant body to each other remains an unsettled subject within plant morphology. The fundamental question is whether these are truly different structures, or just modifications of one basic structure (Eames, 1936; Esau, 1965). The plant body is an integrated, functional unit, so the division of a plant into organs is largely conceptual, providing a convenient way of approaching plant form and function. A boundary between stem and leaf is particularly difficult to make, so botanists sometimes use the word shoot to refer to the stem and its appendages (Esau, 1965).

The Leaf
The plant leaf is an organ whose shape promotes efficient gathering of light for photosynthesis. The form of the leaf must also be balanced against the fact that most of the loss of water a plant might suffer is going to occur at its leaves (transpiration). Leaves are extremely variable in terms of their size, shape, and adornments (such as small hairs on the face of the leaf).

Although the leaves of most plants carry out the same basic functions, there is nonetheless an amazing variety of leaf sizes, shapes, margin types, forms of attachment, ornamentation (hairs), and color. Examine the Leaves (forms) page to learn the extensive terminology used to describe this variation. Consider that there are functional reasons for the modifications from a "basic" type.

The Stem
The stem arises during development of the embryo as part of the hypocotyl-root axis, at the upper end of which are one or more cotyledons and the shoot primordium.

 * Read: Stem

The Root
The root is the (typically) underground part of the plant axis specialized for both anchoring the plant and absorbing water and minerals. Basically, there are two types of roots normally spotted for plants grown on ground namely : taproot and fibrous root

 * Read: Root ( Follow any links for terms you do not understand and to gain a complete picture of root structural variation )

 * Be sure to read about and understand the meaning of each (at a minimum) of the following terms: adventitious roots, endodermis, epidermis, gravitropism, root cap, root hair, stele, taproot.

Most of the material you have read discusses the root organ as found in the angiosperms (flowering plants). However, among the vascular plants, only Psilotales lack such an organ, having instead rhizomes that bear hair-like absorbing structures called rhizoids (Eames, 1936 in Esau, 1965).

Questions:

4-1. At this point the conceptual differences between cell types, tissues, organs, and organisms may be somewhat confusing. Using the leaf as an example, describe this structure in a way that considers the cell types, tissues, and organs for that part of the leaf where photosynthesis is concentrated.

 * Laboratory Exercises for Chapter 4 >>
 * Discussion of questions for Chapter 4 >>>

title: Botany/Plant structure


text:
Talk:Priyanka Chopra

Semi-protected edit request on 5 May 2022
Her daughter’s name is Malti Marie Chopra Jonas.

2603:7080:8F03:BF00:51B:B4C8:70AE:A4A9 (talk) 11:17, 5 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 11:27, 5 May 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
She is 40 not 39 years old 2022-1982=40   — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:05, 9 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Her birthday is in July, meaning that as of the time you posted this comment in May she was still only 39. Age is calculated in relation to a specific day within the year, not just to the year as a whole. Bearcat (talk) 19:53, 13 March 2023 (UTC)

Versatility
Please add about her versatility in acting. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:20, 27 April 2023 (UTC)

She is from Jharkhand not bihar
Why does this page say she is from Bihar? She is from Jharkhand. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:00, 26 March 2024 (UTC)

 * At the time of her birth, Jamshedpur was in Bihar. VK   wiki100  02:48, 27 March 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 20 May 2024
Change "Zanjeer(2013 film)" to "Zanjeer (2013 film)", yes the only difference is a space in the piped link which is ordinarily a cosmetic change that should be avoided, but in this case is needed as part of the WP:X3 process as the unspaced redirect will be deleted, thank you. 2601:5CC:8300:A7F0:F5B9:1CE5:BC43:B356 (talk) 04:20, 20 May 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ Jamedeus (talk) 05:28, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Priyanka Chopra


text:
inspirer

Noun

 * 1) Someone who inspires.

Translations

 * German: Inspirator, Inspiratorin
 * Greek:
 * Latvian: inspirators, inspiratore
 * Macedonian: вдахно́вител, вдахнови́телка, вдахно́вувач, вдахнову́вачка
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to breathe in
 * 2) to inspire
 * 1) to inspire

title: inspirer


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Elections and Referendums/Archive 1

To include an article in this project, please add to the talk page.

Proposals/lists
Scope:
 * elections
 * referenda

Proposals: user E&R
 * standardized format for articles about elections
 * naming convention for psephological articles (to standardize the election/elections, legislative/parliamentary, "XXXX Somewhereian thingummy elections"/"Somewhereian thingummy elections, XXXX", ... messes)
 * possibly an infobox for elections (?)
 * article assessment

Members

 * 1) Angelo 13:09, 20 April 2006 (UTC) especially Italy
 * 2)  // Big Adamsky •  BA's talk page 22:03, 23 March 2006 (UTC) Just curious :) (can't promise to be very active or prolific)
 * 3)  Con  Dem Talk 22:51, 5 April 2006 (UTC)
 * 4) David | Talk 13:50, 1 April 2006 (UTC) But can we get rid of cod latin 'referenda' and talk about referendums already?
 * 5) Electionworld = Wilfried (talk 18:03, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * 6) E Pluribus Anthony | talk | 12:06, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * 7) Knoepfle 04:03, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
 * 8)  Nightst  a  llion  (?) 10:22, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * 9)  Wiki  e Zach|  talk  21:34, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * 10) Joe Llywelyn Griffith Blakesley talk contrib 14:17, 1 August 2006 (UTC) especially UK (when or if I have time; cannot promise anything)
 * 11)  P eople Powered 13:20, 8 October 2006 (UTC)
 * 12) AndrewRT(Talk) 19:02, 13 February 2007 (UTC)' - As I'm doing it anyway I may as well get involved!
 * 13) --Petrovic-Njegos 10:10, 28 June 2007 (UTC) I'm interested in all those red-links but also African, French, and Canadian elections- also templates.
 * 14) --Jonte-- 16:59, 31 August 2007 (UTC) - Mostly working on Category:Elections in Japan, but adds bits and pieces everywhere.
 * 15) Captain Zyrain 21:01, 14 October 2007 (UTC) - Working on the Electoral reform in the United States state-by-state articles, with a particular interest in Virginia.
 * 16) Valenciano 18:54, 15 November 2007 (UTC) Ireland North and South, Great Britain and Spain.
 * 17) McCart42 (talk) 21:04, 28 December 2007 (UTC) United States of America
 * 18) Dr who1975 (talk) 20:00, 10 May 2008 (UTC) I've been mostlyworking congressional interim special elections in the United States... may start working some the general elections too. I can help put data into tables if anyone needs that. Just let me know.
 * 19) Gr8opinionater (talk) 22:19, 5th June 2008 (GMT)
 * 20) Chadlupkes (talk) 02:46, 18 June 2008 (UTC) - I've been collecting results down to the precinct level in Washington State.  That's too deep for Wikipedia, but I'll join the Project and see what I can do to help.
 * 21) Kestrelvenus (talk) 4:51, 18th June 2008 (GMT)

Discussion
So, for all who are interested in this, a few questions:
 * What do you think of the scope? What should additionally be included? Please note that there are a number of similar WikiProjects at WikiProject Politics, and that overlap should be avoided.
 * Are the proposals feasible? What other projects should we undertake?
 * Any other thoughts?

Please bear with me, this is my first WikiProject I'm founding here. ;) Take care, — Nightst a  llion  (?) 10:31, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Item 1: Image to be used for this WikiProject
The first image I found which we could use for the userbox, talk page template, and similar things:. If anyone's got something more ballot-like, though, that would be even better... — Nightst a  llion  (?) Seen this already? 13:29, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * We could use this one: [[Image:Voting box clipart.gif|50px|Election]]. E Pluribus Anthony | talk | 13:46, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I like [[Image:Symbol keep vote.svg|36px]]. The other is prettier, but this one is more professional and compact. If there's a rational objection to it, please list design requirements and I'll supply a replacement. John Reid 00:16, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Not necessarily because I placed it, I prefer the other. First, it is used in various Wp elxn templates ... so is vaguely familiar.  Moreover, a check mark is rather non-descript: invariably, votes are registered with an X (at least in Canada, without which they are spoiled; this is even captured in the Elections Canada logo) and having a ballot fall/placed into a ballot box perfectly exemplifies this Wikiproject.  (This isn't a big issue for me, though.) :) E Pluribus Anthony | talk | 00:34, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I also personally prefer the ballot box, though the image should probably be in png format, and not gif... What do you say? — Nightst a  llion  (?) Seen this already? 09:15, 27 March 2006 (UTC)
 * P.S.: John, it'd be great if you could design a logo which exemplifies the principle of voting better than the check mark, but which also meets your standards of professionality. — Nightst a  llion  (?) Seen this already? 09:16, 27 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry, but I don't know how I'd improve on the ballot-box without imposing my own views. Personally, I dislike that kind of abstract-shaded post-modernist style; I don't do it. I tend to go for the minimalism of the checkbox above, a straight modern look, or something in the neoclassical vein.
 * From a technical viewpoint, the ballot-box is wrong because the telling element -- the X -- is small in relation to the overall design; also, the background is not transparent. But the X cannot be made much larger without making the box itself unclear and if the background becomes transparent then the ballot itself blends into the page. I don't think I can fix it without starting over from a different point. John Reid 00:34, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I've uploaded a PNG version of the ballot box image here: [[Image:Voting box clipart.png|50px|Election]] E Pluribus Anthony | talk | 13:29, 27 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd also go for the cross in the box. The tick just doesn't represent elections or voting for me at all. BigBlueFish 10:36, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I prefer the ballot box. When you see the image, you automatically think "voting". The check mark could mean anything... Con  Dem Talk 11:30, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Me too, personally. — Nightst a  llion  (?) Seen this already? 16:31, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

Item 2: Naming convention for elections
We should probably come up with one before doing anything else. Current standard seems to be to use "election", and not "elections", and to use the general template "Austrian presidential election, 2004". One point which is still open to discussion is whether to use "legislative", "parliamentary", or something else entirely for elections to parliament... Thoughts? — Nightst a  llion  (?) Seen this already? 13:18, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Well legislative deals with some countries, while parliamentary others. We cannot combine them. Wiki  e Zach|  talk  21:33, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I tend not to agree, since legislative covers also parliamentary. But there is no reason to uniform this.
 * But on what basis do we decide which one to use? Why should the national election in Austria this fall be called "Austrian legislative election, 2006", or why should it be called "Austrian parliamentary election, 2006"? We needs some kind of NC for this. — Nightst a  llion  (?) Seen this already? 22:07, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Note that many countries have established titular renditions: e.g., Canadian federal election, 2004, Canadian federal election, 2006. Also note "parliamentary" might be somewhat inaccurate in this instance since the Canadian Senate (one of the pillars of the Canadian parliament) is appointed; thus, "legislative" might be more appropriate.  I think we only need specificity when it's required and should use parlance appropriate to each country: e.g., United States presidential election, 2004, United States Congress elections, 2004, etc.  Whether (particularly for the U.S. example) "Congress" or "congressional" should be used (probably the latter, for consistency) is up for debate, however.   Perhaps we can use proposed and consistent nomenclature for categories instead, or summatively when comparing systems in various countries?  E Pluribus Anthony | talk | 13:46, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Why are election articles for specific years titled with the year last when just about every other type of event pertaining to specific years are titled with the year first? The convention of titleing with the year last is especially boggling when you consider within the bodies of articles, an election for a given year is usually written with year first anyway.  Has anyone ever proposed moving election articles to the more widespread format of titleing?  Spicy (talk) 19:47, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

Item 2a: Naming convention for political ideologies
Here's a thought: In order to ease comparability of political parties that never compete because they run for elections in different parliaments, I tend to find it helpful to roughly categorize them by bloc or political colour. Usually, this will conveniently translate into a two-dimensional left-right classification, although this allows only for a superficial analysis that ignores powerful local or national issues. Still, I like the simple red-or-blue scale because it makes it so easy to comprehend and to convert for comparisons with other election results elsewhere. Cf the EP political groupings here. Even more pedagogical are the graphical representations that are in effect maps of parliamentary plena with the seats coloured to show the relative size of parties and blocs. (What are those called?)  // Big Adamsky •  BA's talk page 22:40, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The problem is thal labelling ideologies, especially in two-dimensional spectrum, in tables could be biased or non-neutral. I would prefer not to do that. Electionworld = Wilfried (talk 13:04, 24 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm unsure exhibiting parties on a spectrum is problematic, particularly if they are done sublimely through charts exhibiting legislative representation/coalition (as The Economist does). Most parties generally advertise their ideology and, for example, the Encyclopædia Britannica classifies parties (L,LC,C,CR,R, etc.) periodically with their (annual) Book of the Year.  And, in case such a scheme is challenged, perhaps we can use the EB as one among a number of cited sources for classification?  As for colourising based on ideology, generally fine, but also see (3).  E Pluribus Anthony | talk | 14:09, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The left right spectrum is not really useful and leads to much debate. E.g., is my party ([{Democrats 66]] a right wing, centrist or left-wing party. On economic issues, it could be considered right wing, on religious, social, cultural and ecological issues more a left-wing party. Let us not start that kind of debates. There is no problem trying to have country specific lables. In that case I would label D66 as a social liberal party. Electionworld = Wilfried (talk 22:08, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Item 3: Convention for Tables with summaries of the results
In the last months I have transferred or made all latest election results in all countries and dependencies in one specific layout. I use the template:Electiontable or in older versions template:Election-table. These tables are allways put in a template, to enable the consistency of the results troughout Wikipedia. The templates are named for e.g. Netherlands parliamentary election, 2003 and should have the same name as an entry on that election. These templates are placed in the Elections in 2006 (or 2005) article, in Elections in XX (allways the latest for each national office and body), in Politics of XX in the section Political parties and elections (only the latest for each national office and body), in the entry on the elected body of office and in the specific entry on the election. Each legislative election table includes at least space for the name of the party, preferably in English and native language, the number of votes, the percentage of popular vote and the number of seats. Parties without representation with less than 1 % of the vote are usually not included. More data can be included. At any office election table, each candidate is listed with name, party and at least space for number of votes and percentage of popular vote. If you don't object, I will pace this as an item on the project page. I will try and replace election-table with electiontable in the future.Electionworld = Wilfried (talk 13:04, 24 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Much as above (2a); this seems generally fine; however, none of this should trump regional colours and usage. For instance, there are systematic efforts to classify, organise, and colour Canadian electoral content/articles in Wp. E Pluribus Anthony | talk | 14:15, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * No problem, the templates used respect the colors used in the Canadian pages. Electionworld = Wilfried (talk 22:06, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Item 4: Politics of XX series
For every country and dependency a Politics of XX series has been made. The series templates, which use similar layout use the politbox template and should at least include entries on: The template can include data on administrative divisions (i would like that to happen at all entities) and judiciary. The template should be placed in the right top of any article included in the template as well as of any article on any (national) election and political party in the country. Australia has a separate bottom template. A solution should be found for the template in combiantion with a infobox on parties. Electionworld = Wilfried (talk 13:04, 24 March 2006 (UTC)
 * the head of state
 * the office holder (the template is not placed itself in that article)
 * the head of government
 * the office holder (the template is not placed itself in that article)
 * any article on the government (in narrow sense, not on individuakl ministries or ministers)
 * the parliament
 * the chambers of parliament
 * the list of political parties
 * when there are only a few relevant parties: these parties
 * the elections in this country
 * the latest election (head of state and chambers of parliament), this is not yet a fact)
 * when available: human rights, foreign relations and other issues

Chronological order
I believe that lists of election results should be in chronological order from earliest to latest. In some articles, I see it in reverse order. What's the consensus?—Markles 12:11, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

Arghh
The plural of referendum is referendums (unless we are going to conduct this page in Latin). Adam 08:54, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * As per the Oxford English Dictionary, either form – referendums or referenda – is acceptable. E Pluribus Anthony | talk | 14:15, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Well it shouldn't be. Anyone writing about constitutional referendums in Australia should note that "referendums" is the official usage. Adam 14:25, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * ...noted when making appropriate official references to Australian referendums. E Pluribus Anthony | talk | 14:29, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * If we are talking Latin, 'referendum' comes from a gerund stem. There is no plural of a gerund so the plural should be that in the appropriate language, which is referendums. David | Talk 20:16, 1 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Trivia: I believe there are in fact plurals in Latin gerunds. Cf. propaganda, agenda and legend(a), none of which is feminine singular.  // Big Adamsky •  BA's talk page 20:24, 1 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Indeed. One of the two functions of gerunds is to have declinable verbs (with the other being to express "should/must be done"). — Nightst a  llion  (?) Seen this already? 09:02, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

When you write an article on referendums at the Latin Wikipedia (Wikipedium?), you can use all the gerunds you like. Here we speak English, and the English plural of referendum is referendums. Adam 11:09, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Or referenda. Why can't you just accept that either plural is acceptable? — Nightst a  llion  (?) Seen this already? 12:01, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
 * The thing is, if we're going to make this a WikiProject, shouldn't we be consistent? And doesn't that mean trying to use one plural? Although I believe that both are correct, in the interest of consistency, it seems logical that we should use the one which is acceptable to both sides - referendums. Con  Dem Talk 22:54, 5 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't know if this is at all scientific, but to me, "Referenda" is more general and less specific than "Referendums" in tone, perhaps because it reflects words like "Miscellanea". So you might use "referenda" when the referenda in question are not specific one, but "referendums" when referring to a specific set of referendums, e.g. "in 1996, the government held two referendums on the issue". Official or common usage in any specific context wins over consistency though, as with American vs Commonwealth English. BigBlueFish 16:36, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia uses the word "miscellany" (e.g. Miscellany for deletion). I think that "referenda" is more mellifluous. Captain Zyrain 20:22, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team cooperation
Hello. I'm a member of the Version 1.0 Editorial Team, which is looking to identify quality articles in Wikipedia for future publication on CD or paper. We recently began assessing articles using these criteria, and we are are asking for your help. As you are most aware of the issues surrounding your focus area, we are wondering if you could provide us with a list of the articles that fall within the scope of your WikiProject, and that are either featured, A-class, B-class, or Good articles, with no POV or copyright problems. Do you have any recommendations? If you do, please post your suggestions at the listing of all active Humanities WikiProjects, and if you have any questions, ask me in the Work Via WikiProjects talk page or directly in my talk page. Thanks a lot! Tito xd (?!? - help us) 01:26, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Help, Please
Hello,

Community Justice/Elections has just began, and I'd appreciate some non-members as election staff. I know this isn't your responsibility, but I think you may be interested. Thanks. Computerjoe 's talk 21:22, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Election results to be deleted from Wikisource
I would like to alert this community to the fact that Wikisource has decided to delete all reference data, some of which may be of interest to this project. This raises the question of whether some of this material should be hosted at Wikipedia. See Wikisource:Category:Deletion requests/Reference_data and the discussion at Scriptorium. In particular all the tables of election results are to be deleted.--agr 15:41, 20 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, we should keep the information on Wikipedia, of course... — Nightst a  llion  (?) 13:12, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Elections and Referenda/Overview of results
There are a number of fair use images (mostly logos of political parties) on this page, probably coming from the templates. Per Fair use criteria #9, fair use images are explicitly prohibited outside the article namespace. Please come up with some way to exclude these images from this page. Might I suggest a "noimg" parameter for the template?  howch e  ng   {chat} 18:52, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
 * As these templates are only intended to be used in their respective election articles and were only created for ease of use, we'd all very much prefer to keep the images in the templates; if that can be done by using the noimg parameter, then I'd kindly ask you to elaborate as to how that would be employed. Thanks in advance! — Nightst a  llion  (?) 12:33, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Mainspace
I have made an overview article holding all results of national elections in countries and dependencies. This can be found at WikiProject Elections and Referenda/Overview of results. Electionworld = Wilfried (talk 13:08, 24 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Presumably, this is only for the most recent results? This seems to be an incredibly useful resource... Con  Dem Talk 23:05, 5 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Also, the page takes an extremely long time to load. Forgive me, but is the intention to put this article in the mainspace? If so, maybe it should be split into continents... Con  Dem Talk 23:06, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

It is a page for everybody who wants to complete data in the most recent results. It is not the intention to put this article in the mainspace. Electionworld = Wilfried (talk 20:34, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

administrative caetgory for lame-duck officials
I've just created Category:Outgoing politicians as an administrative aid to making sure that all politicians who lose in primaries/general elections can have their bios modified in a timely fashion once they step down. -- nae'blis 20:34, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

Single Transferable Vote
Single Transferable Vote is up for a featured article review. Detailed concerns may be found here. Please leave your comments and help us address and maintain this article's featured quality. Sandy 22:37, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Peer review
As far as I can tell, this Wikiproject doesn't have its own Peer review system. Therefore, could I request comments at Peer review/List of British Columbia general elections/archive1 - which also combined similar lists for Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Any suggestions or comments would be greatly apreciated. Tompw 19:05, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Stablepedia
Beginning cross-post.
 * See Wikipedia talk:Version 1.0 Editorial Team. If you wish to comment, please comment there. ★ MESSED  ROCKER ★  03:20, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

''End cross-post. Please do not comment more in this section.''

Robert Johnson move
Could someone with proper authority please add the proper boilerplate to the Talk:Robert Johnson (musician) survey to preserve it by indicating that it should not be modified. Basically, I was hoping to see something like what has been done at Talk:Samuel_Johnson. TonyTheTiger 22:10, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

Featured list candidates
It may interest you to know that the following elections-related articles are currently Featured List Candidates: Any comments or votes regarding their nomination are welcome. Tompw 23:35, 1 December 2006 (UTC)
 * List of Alberta general elections
 * List of British Columbia general elections
 * List of Manitoba general elections
 * List of Nova Scotia general elections

Serbian constitutional referendum
There was a big referendum in Serbia for approval of a new Constitution suggested by the Serbian political body on October 28-29 2006. The old Constitution of the Republic of Serbia was heavily outdated and not changed since 1990; so this comes really as a gigantic thing in Serbia (where everything takes a very slow pace). The Referendum was also slightly controversial, as the Liberals boycotted it and not to mention the ongoing dispute over the status of Kosovo. --PaxEquilibrium 22:11, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia Day Awards
Hello, all. It was initially my hope to try to have this done as part of Esperanza's proposal for an appreciation week to end on Wikipedia Day, January 15. However, several people have once again proposed the entirety of Esperanza for deletion, so that might not work. It was the intention of the Appreciation Week proposal to set aside a given time when the various individuals who have made significant, valuable contributions to the encyclopedia would be recognized and honored. I believe that, with some effort, this could still be done. My proposal is to, with luck, try to organize the various WikiProjects and other entities of wikipedia to take part in a larger celebrartion of its contributors to take place in January, probably beginning January 15, 2007. I have created yet another new subpage for myself (a weakness of mine, I'm afraid) at User talk:Badbilltucker/Appreciation Week where I would greatly appreciate any indications from the members of this project as to whether and how they might be willing and/or able to assist in recognizing the contributions of our editors. Thank you for your attention. Badbilltucker 23:18, 29 December 2006 (UTC)


text:
Buix

Buix is a former municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Buix, Courtemaîche and Montignez merged to form the new municipality of Basse-Allaine.

The village is situated in a small valley in the middle of which runs the river Allaine.

title: Buix


text:
Australian Superbike Championship

The Australian Superbike Championship (ASBK) is a national motorcycle racing championship in Australia, organized by Motorcycling Australia.

History
The story of the Australian Superbike Championship begins in 1980, at a time in motorcycle sport when the premier road racing series globally was the 500cc Grand Prix world championship. The issue with 500s at that time was that manufacturer teams were investing large amounts of funding to develop their machines and riders to a level of sophistication that was far removed from what was commercially available to the public. This resulted in a very expensive racing programme, especially for privateers.

The need for a road race series that offered ease of entry for national riders was evident - one that was open to all makes of production motorcycles, machines which required little modification and development from standard road going trim. Enter the Australian Superbike Series. Australia’s flagship road race in 1980 through to 1986 was called the ‘Australian Superbike Series’, that featured large capacity production motorcycles which at the time, were some of the most competitive in the world ‘out of the box’. Winning bikes were mostly Japanese manufactured inline four cylinder powered machines readily available for public purchase in Australia. The motorcycle manufacturers idiom of the day being “Race on Sunday, sell on Monday”, a reference to motorcycle sales figures on the back of a particular marque’s race win.

For two years spanning 1987- 1988, political and economic influences saw the renaming of the Series to ‘The Australian Endurance Championship’. Again, the Endurance Championship was the premier road racing competition in the country, which in 1989 once again morphed, into what was called, the ‘Australian Superbike Championship’ run under the Australian Road Race Championship banner.

Over the years the Championship has been run by Motorcycling Australia (MA) in conjunction with private promoters and clubs. And it proved to be a successful formula with success at its peak in the 1990s to early 2000s, however further economic challenges hit the series hard. With struggling competitor numbers, spectators and media exposure, MA opted to step in as the primary promoter, rekindling the championship as the Australian Superbike Championship or ‘ASBK’.

Over the following years, the ASBK has seen unprecedented growth and an increased talent pool, with the Championship forming the perfect springboard for riders and teams to avail themselves of opportunities abroad and on international podiums.

The ASBK is structured in a progressive format that caters for a variety of motorcycle classes, riders, and abilities. Starting with the Australian GP Juniors Cup that is based purely on a single make 150cc production bike for riders aged between 12 and under 16 years old right through to the Australian Superbike category featuring some of the largest capacity motorcycles currently available on the domestic market. The MA Championship has laid the foundations for riders to not only showcase their talents, but to provide opportunities for the continuing development of their race craft and a clearly defined pathway for progression from junior programs through to the elite Superbike class.

Champions
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title: Australian Superbike Championship