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Filmmaking Basics/Understanding Filmmaking/Narrative Filmmaking Process

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UNDER CONSTRUCTION

The Process of Single Camera Filmmaking for Narrative Dramas
The following outline intends to give you a brisk walkthrough of what film and television production entails when filming narrative dramas.

Development
Before even pre-production, there is the initial phase where ideas are bounced around. The idea for this script had been around for many years.

The Story
All movies start with a story. Click here to look at our story. In Hollywood, the story might start with just an idea which is pitched to someone with money. Or the story might be a book which is then suggested for turning into a movie.

The Script
The story must be turned into a script. For a novel, that means cutting 20 hours of material down to 90 minutes. That is a lot of cutting!!!. The first step is to analyze the story to find the characters, the dialog, the action, and the parenthetical comments. We do this on page 2 of lesson 1.

The Script Formatting
The script is not ready for viewing until it is formatted. It must be typed correctly so everyone quickly understands what is needed. Our story is very simple so typing it into a script takes little time using a script formatting program. You can do this on page 4 of lesson 1.

Production Design
The art director, production designer and/or producers decide on the overall feel of the production. This has a huge effect on the script breakdown. All their decisions will be note in Lesson 3.

Script Breakdown
The Production Designer and the producers dissect the script to identify how many of everything they need; ie actors, locations, visual and computer effects, props & costumes. This is also part of Lesson 3.

Crewing up
The producers design a basic timeline and make initial wish-lists of actors, head crew members (director, director of photography (DP), gaffer, sound, visual effects designer, computer effects designer, editor and musician), locations and equipment as it affects format (b&w or colour film, video or digital video).

We will be making both a live action and an animated version of this movie. For the animated version, we have to locate the models which will be used for the two characters in our movie — the Young Person and the Old Person. We will begin this search in Lesson 9.

Finance
This stage runs concurrently with conceptualization but can only really reflect actual needs after the script breakdown and production design stages have finished. We will have completed the animated version before we begin to work on the financing of the live action version. This will be done in Lesson #017.

Budget
This tries to take into account all expenses for the entire venture based on results from the script breakdown and production design as well as budgets from similar projects. The line producer (someone familiar with filming in a particular geographical region) usually does the initial budget.

Investors
At this stage the project requires a second level of investors to commit to the project to carry it through to completion. The art of deal-making rules this stage. A good producer can raise millions based on how well they understand the distribution and exhibition controls in the industry. Small productions rely on friends and family money or funding from the local dentist.

Market analysis
The producers and distributors clearly define the market at this stage.

Pre-production
Once the line producer completes the initial script breakdown, supplying the budget and schedule for the production, the initial meetings take place with the people involved and all the producers make all the 'final' decisions for the production. The line producer prepares the final budget and schedule during pre-production. Sometimes the 1st assistant director prepares the schedule with the line producer.

First meetings
The producers and crew heads meet to determine if they feel comfortable working together. As each has very different styles of working this meeting stage can make or break the production. Also the director usually meets with the major actors, determining if (s)he feels the actors need rehearsal time, or training (athletic, martial arts, military, medical, etc.) to play their roles.

Locations
The production team (in coordination with the art department) secures locations for the shoot. They determine time-frames and iron out all potential problems (seasonal traffic, weather, etc.) If the production shoots on a sound stage, the set design and construction begins.

Props & special effects
The special effects team and the art department determine what they need to build, buy or borrow (miniature models, multiple vehicles for stunts and explosions, effects make-up, aged props and building, set dressings, etc.).

Live Action Motion Pictures
For live action, the executive producer gives the money to the producer to make the motion picture. The producer hires the director who will control the performance of the actors. The producer hires the cinematographer (director of photography) who will capture the performance of the actors on film or digitally. The producer hires a production manager (or line producer) who then hires all the workers (the crew) for the filming of the motion picture. The producer or the production manager will hire the sound recordist (sound mixer) who will capture the dialog of the actors. The producer and the director select the actors for the motion picture with the assistance of a casting director. Each day on the movie set, the actors and crew turn into reality the planning of the production. On the set: Lights, Camera, Action!

Head crew Directors and assistant directors, script supervisor and location manager.

Camera department Director of photography, camera operator, camera assistants and focus pullers.

Lighting/electrical department Gaffer, best boy electric and electricians (sparks).

Grip department Key grip, dolly grip, best boy grip, rigging grips and grips.

Sound department Sound mixer, sound assistants and boom.

Art department Art director, prop manager, painters, set dressers, and construction crew.

Make-up/hair department Make up artist, hair designer, special effects make-up designer and assistants.

Wardrobe/costume department Costume designer (not on set), wardrobe manager, and dressers.

Visual effects department Visual effects supervisor and support crew.

Production department Production manager (not on set), production coordinator, and production assistants (PAs).

Support crew Medical, transport, catering, personal assistants, still photography, and behind-the-scenes videographers.

Animation
For animation, the procedure is backwards. (To be completed soon...)

Post Production
After 20 to 60 days of filming, you are finished shooting your motion picture. After all that effort, the only thing you have to show for your work is about 100 reels of film, 60 rolls of audio tape, and a well-worn copy of the script which has been marked up by the script supervisor. That's it! Other than publicity stills and maybe a documentaries and perhaps some effects shots being done at effects houses around town, this is all you get for your 40 million dollars. So now, what do you do?

Now you start Post Production. Now you turn the developed film and audio reels into a motion picture for viewing at a film festival. (Much later, you worry about getting the movie ready for distribution.)

Once the dailies are prepared for editing, film editor begins to edit the picture and the dialog. The sound department will get busy creating an infinite number of sound effects and the film composer will create beautiful music for your movie. If any visual effects are needed, they will get done too at special effects houses... along with the titles and credits.

Finally, when everyone is happy, the negative will be cut to match the edit of the movie and a print will be made for showing a Sundance.

Let's look at these steps individually.

Dailies/Workprint/Telecine/Capture/Syncing Audio
Each day during production of a feature film shot on motion picture film, dailies are prepared for viewing by the director, the crew and the studio executives. To save money, the same dailies can be used by the editor to edit the movie... or at least they can be created at the same time.

Preparing the dailies for editing seems like a trivial task but can be a major headache if not done very carefully. This is just as true for digital video as for film. Some people think that just because they use a digital camcorder, they do not have to process the film dailies. Dailies still have to be captured into the computer so they can be edited. And if you using a separate sound system for recording the dialog, you will still have all the problems of syncing audio to picture for your digital dailies.

For more information on preparing film dailies for editing and the telecine process, see the section on Telecine in the Movie Making Manual.

Logging
If you film and edit only one scene (or a short), you can easily keep track in your head of all the raw footage. But for a feature film, keeping track of all the different shots is not easy. Walter Murch uses Apple's FileMaker Pro. At Macworld Expo, there is usually at least one lecture on how he uses this database for during the editing process.

Picture and Dialog Editing
When the movie is edited, the editor must think about more than just the picture and the dialog. The sound effects and the music work together with the pictures and the dialog to tell the story. The sound effects, music, picture and dialog all interact. The editor must figure out how all these elements work together to tell the story.

In Hollywood, there are special teams what do the visual effects, music, and sound effects. But if you are just one person doing the edit of low-budget motion picture, you might have to do everything yourself as you edit the movie.

 * Narrative Films Only
 * This manual covers dramatic movies with scripted dialog. Be aware that editing a documentary, corporate video, multimedia or event video is totally different from editing narrative dramas.  For more information about the process of film editing for narrative motion pictures and televison drama see the section What is Editing in the Movie Making Manual.

For narrative feature films, there are two different kinds of scenes - Action sequences and Conversation. When you edit a conversation, there are lots of constraints... special the script which dictates the spoken dialog. Action sequences have few constraints.

There are two kinds of music - Background music and Narrative music. Background music means very soft music while narrative music is music that gets in your face. At this stage, a temp track is acceptable for background music but for music which tells part of the story, you really need to use something which will be close to the final music.

While there are many kinds of sound effects, at this stage you are only worried about the sound effects that help tell a story, not the sound effects which make the scenery seem realistic such as Ambience, Walla and Foley. These can be done when the editing is finished. For now, just worry about the sound effects that help narrate the story.

For more instructions on how to edit a dramatic scene with scripted dialog, see the section How To Edit a Dramatic Scene in the Movie Making Manual.

ADR (Automatic Dialog Replacement)
Once you have edited the movie, you might need to replace some of the spoken dialog. For more information on ADR, see the section ADR in the Movie Making Manual.

Sound Effects
Once all the scenes are edited, you begin to add all the little sounds which makes the movie seem real. If a scene does not seem realistic, you have not added enough sound effects such as:

Ambience
The background sounds of the environment.

Walla
This is the indistinguishable sounds of people talking in the background.

Foley
The footsteps and the rustling of clothing make your scene seem real. which are so numerous that it is faster to record these sound effects live while watching the movie. If you have only a few footsteps, you can do this from sound effects libraries in your editing program. But in general, when you need hundreds of tiny sound effects, it is easier to do them with Foley

For more information on Sound for motion pictures, see Sound Design in the Movie Making Manual. For more information on Foley, see the section Foley in the Movie Making Manual. (Note: "Foley" stands for Jack Foley who pioneered this kind of sound effects creating.)

Visual Effects
When doing the basic edit, blank frames or storyboard frames are used in place of visual elements. Once the effects shots are finished, they must be inserted into the edit.

Titles and Credits
Titles can be done any way that you wish. Determining which people to include in the credits can be complicated. This is a good place to make a lot of people angry. Therefore, you must be very careful to list all the people who deserve credit for making the movie. Sometimes, the unions decide this. Sometimes your contracts with the cast and crew decide this. Doing the credits is not as easy as it looks.

Film Scoring
Music creates the mood. Once the edit is complete (with a temp score), the temp score must be replace by the final score. For more information on film scoring, see the section Music/Film Scoring in the Movie Making Manual.

Breakdown into reels
A motion picture must be in manageable pieces for distribution and projection. In the break between reels, there must be no sound or picture.

Conform the Negative
Most of the time, it is not possible to edit at the highest possible resolution. In these cases, up until now, editing is off-line. If there is no digital intermediary, you need to conform the negative.

Prep for Distribution
This should be in the marketing section because it is done after you have a distributor but before the distributor accepts delivery of the motion picture and all its elements. Therefore, only after you have sold the movie, do you learn what film formats are required. This is a hidden expense can be rather nasty. If you have not planned ahead, this can cost you a fortune. Read Robert Rodriguez' Rebel without a Crew which is about the making "El Mariachi" This book should be required reading in all film schools.

Animated Feature Films
Note that if you are making an animated feature-length motion picture, the procedures above are done in a slightly different order.

Post Production
(To be combine with above.) On completion of filming (and even while it still continues) the editing team goes to work to start cutting the project together. If you are interested in learning how to do these steps using your personal computer, see the Teach Yourself Filmmaking section.

Developing /Dailies/Logging
Every night during shooting of the motion picture, the film reels and the sound reels are sent to the lab. The film is developed and circle takes printed onto film or telecined onto video tape. Then the audio is synced with the picture to create the dailies. Or to explain it another way: The dailies are created by combining the visual image (from the motion picture camera or from the DV Camcorder) with the audio (the dialog) from the sound recorder. To begin post production, a copy of these dailies are converted into the formatted required by the film editor and logged. On film, this is known as the work print. The editor never works with the original negative which scratches too easily. For digital films, this is called the off-line edit which is lower resolution than the original images which saves disk space and speeds up playback. For bigger films, logging means that information about every piece of film and every bit of audio must be entered into a huge database which is accessible by the entire post production staff.

Editing
Building the scenes to tell a story. Nowadays, non-linear editing using computers has become the norm (Avid, Final Cut Pro, ...) The editor works closely with the sound effects department and the film scoring person to bring the maximum impact to the movie. For action sequence, the scene will be edited based on the visual images, the music and the sound effects. For conversations, the editor must cut to get the best quality dialog... as well as to worry how the music and sound effects will effect the scene.

ADR
Editors must re-record dialogue that cannot be salvaged from production in a process called looping, dubbing, or ADR. ADR stands for either Additional Dialogue Recording, or Automated Dialogue Replacement, depending on whom you ask. But don't ask why the A sometimes stands for Automated, because there's nothing particularly automatic about the process. An actor watches the image repeatedly while listening to the original production track on headphones as a guide. The actor then re-performs each line to match the wording and lip movements.

Actors vary in their ability to achieve sync and to recapture the emotional tone of their performance. Marlon Brando, for example, was said to enjoy looping because he didn't like to freeze a performance until he knew its final context. (People have said that he mumbled during his on-camera performances to make the production sound unusable, so that he can make adjustments in looping.)

ADR is a necessary evil when production sound is unusable, but directors can also use it to add new character or interpretation to a shot. By altering a few key words or phrases an actor can change the emotional bent on a scene.

Sound Effects
The sound effects (including the Foley, Walla, & Ambiance) make a scene seem real. Without the addition of sound effects, a scene would feel like it was filmed on a studio sound stage... which it probably was. Sound effects recorded by a sound effects person are rarely used as is. Instead, sound effects are "sweetened" and enhanced.

Foley
A sound effects technique for synchronous effects or live effects. Foleying supplies the subtle sounds that production mikes often miss. The rustling of clothing and a squeak of a saddle when a rider mounts his horse give a scene a touch of realism that filmmakers find difficult to provide using other effects methods. Sounds for a steamy sex scene probably come from a foley artist making dispassionate love to his or her own wrist. The good Foley artist must "become" the actor with whom they sync effects or the sounds lack the necessary realism to convince the audience. Most successful Foley artists are audiles; they can look at an object and imagine what type of sound it can be made to produce. The foley crew include the artist or "walker," who makes the sound, and a technician or two to record and mix it. A foley stage often appears as a storage area for the studio's unwanted junk. Metal laundry tubes filled to the brim with metal trays, tin pie plates, empty soda cans, hubcaps, bedpans, knives, forks and broken staple guns. They use these crash tubes for anything from comedy crashes to adding presence (brightness and naturalness) to something as serious as a car crash.

Walla
Walla is the indistinguishable mutterings of people in a crowd. It takes a special skill to create a series of intelligible words with no clear meaning. wal

Ambiance
Unlike sound for television dramas, a motion picture normally records only the dialog (the spoken words) during production. All the other sounds are created in post production. This gives greater freedom when editing the dialog. Therefore, the natural sounds of the environment need to be added. This is especially true if the scene was recorded on a sound stage at the motion picture studio where the background sounds are never natural or realistic. The sound of the environment is the ambiance and must be recorded in a real location. Even though ambiance is very soft in the background, a scene will feel flat without it.

Ambiance is also sometimes referred to as "room tone."

Musical Scoring
The musical score and the musical sound effects create the mood for each scene. Writing the music for film and TV requires special skills from the composers, musicians and sound engineers; they all need a flair for the dramatic and the ability to envision sound. Even though the actors' voices adds a kind of music to a scene as they speak, adding additional music is often necessary to create the proper mood. It is often the director who tells the film's composer what what moods he wants the audience to feel during the action and the dialog in the motion picture.

Visual Effects
Visual effects are any element which was not captured during filming that must be created later. This can be done by computers (CGI) or by matte paintings. When two or more elements must be combined (such as live actor shots with computer generated effects), the images are composited.

CGI
CGI stands for Computer Generated Imagery. This term refers to any element created within a computer and encompasses anything from adding digital fog to a scene, to generating a crowd at a stadium, to creating whole characters, completely animated, such as Gollum from the Lord of the Rings films.

Matte Painting
Matte Paintings were originally hand-painted scenery on glass which was photographed along with the live action. When using a matte painting which has been painted on clear glass, the matte painting sits in front of the camera while the actors perform on a partial movie set which can be seen through a clear spot on the matte painting. The rest of the movie set is simply the painting. Now Matte Paintings are created with hand painting, paintings using computer software, still image manipulation, and/or 3D models which have been rendered, and then the matte painting is combined with the live action by compositing in post production, rather than during the filming of the movie.

Titling
Filmmakers consider designing the opening and closing credits to a film or TV piece as an art and skill in itself. Nowadays people's whole careers can consist only of designing titles for major motion pictures and television series.

Composting
When separate visual elements on film are combined, this is called opticals. With computers and digital images, this is called compositing which is just like combining pictures with Photoshop.

Conforming the Negative
Once all the post production is finished and a working edit of the movie is completed and approved, the negative must be cut to match the working edit of the movie. Only after the negative is conformed is the movie is ready for viewing in a theater (usually at a film festival) where the motion picture will be seen by the public (and potential distributors) for the first time. If the motion picture was made with digital images, the movie must be rendered at full resolution (the on-line edit) and transfered to film. If there will be an digital intermediary, the digital version or a digitized version of the conformed negative is color corrected and then rendered onto film.

Distribution
If the project has distributors on-board from the beginning, this process requires little more than sitting back on the part of the producers and investors, as the distributors practice their trade. However if the producers have not pre-sold the distribution rights, this can entail going to film festivals and/or door-to-door selling to TV, cable stations or video/DVD distributors.

Delivery
Once the motion picture has been sold to a distributor, the distributor will spell out exactly the elements that the distributor requires for the distributor to accept the film. Then the filmmaker goes back and prepares all these elements. For very low budget movies, this can cost more than the entire production and includes such odd things as insurance policies for errors and omissions and a sound track for the motion picture which has been divided into three separate parts - Dialog, Music and Effects. It is the distributor who will create all the foreign language versions of the motion picture and make all the necessary cuts and reedits to the motion picture to get it acceptable for foreign markets.

Publicity material
Marketing also requires the design of posters, audio & visual trailers and merchandise. Special staff, like graphic artists and voice-over characters, work to produce these invaluable tools. It is the distributor who creates the DVD-Video disk so the distributor must create the special features and publicity for the DVD-Video disk. Hopefully, the production company has created and saved the necessary items need for the publicity such as production stills and documentaries for the DVD-Video disk.

Getting Started
If all of this sounds exciting, you can get started by reading the section called Teach Yourself Filmmaking. This section of the Movie Making Manual shows you simple ways to begin learning how you can make your own motion pictures.


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Roaring Riva

Roaring Riva (21 February 1983 – after 1998) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He raced in at least four countries and won four of his seventeen races. A specialist sprinter, he showed his best form as a two-year-old in 1985, when he won three races including the Phoenix Stakes. He did not win again until 1987, when he won the Ostermann-Pokal in Germany. He made no impact as a sire of winners.

Background
Roaring Riva was a "strong", "rangy" bay horse with a white star and a white sock on his right hind leg, bred in England by the Newsells Park Stud. As a yearling he was put up for auction and sold for 15,000 guineas. He entered the ownership of Billy Gaff, the former manager of Rod Stewart (and founder of Riva Records), and was sent into training with Ray Laing at his Delamere House stable at Lambourn. Laing trained horses for many other people in the pop music industry including Chris Wright and Dave Robinson: his training yard was also visited by George Martin, Alvin Stardust, Liza Goddard and Robert Morley and was described as Berkshire's answer to Annabel's.

Roaring Riva was one of the best horses sired by Music Boy, a sprinter whose wins included the Gimcrack Stakes in 1975 and the King George Stakes in the following year. His dam Elton Abbess showed modest racing ability, winning three minor races from 22 starts. She was descended from the British broodmare Perfume (foaled 1933) who was the female-line ancestor of several other major winners including My Babu, Sayani and English Prince.

1985: two-year-old season
Roaring Riva began his racing career by winning a maiden race over five furlongs at Windsor Racecourse and then followed up by taking a minor event over six furlongs at the same track. In early July he was sent to York Racecourse to contest the Black Duck Stakes and finished second, beaten half a length by Nomination, a colt who went on to beat Green Desert in the Richmond Stakes. The colt was then sent to Ireland and moved up in class for the Group 1 Phoenix Stakes over six furlongs on soft ground at Phoenix Park Racecourse. Ridden by Ray Cochrane he started the 4/1 second favourite behind the highly regarded, but previously unraced Tate Gallery, with the best-fancied of the other eleven runners being the unbeaten filly Sherkraine, Devil's Run and Mr John. Roaring Riva was among the leaders from the start, went to the front two furlongs out and held off the challenge of the filly So Directed to win by three quarters of a length. Laing recalled that it was "quite a day. We had private planes, champagne, the lot!"

Roaring Riva failed to add to his reputation in three subsequent races that year. He finished unplaced behind the filly Bambolona in the Sirenia Stakes at Kempton Park Racecourse in September and later that month came home eighth of the nine runners in the Mill Reef Stakes at Newbury. On his final appearance of the year he was dropped back to five furlongs for the Cornwallis Stakes at Ascot Racecourse in October and finished unplaced behind Hallgate.

At the end of the year, the independent Timeform organisation gave Roaring Riva a rating of 103, making him 29 pounds inferior to their top-rated juvenile Huntingdale. In their annual Racehorses of 1985 Timeform praised Laing's skill at placing the horse to win a Group 1 race but opined that Roaring Riva was "some way removed from top class".

1986: three-year-old season
After finishing fourth over five furlongs on his three-year-old debut Roaring Riva contested the Greenham Stakes over seven furlongs at Newbury on 19 April and finished fourth of the nine runners behind Faustus. After the race he was sold privately and transferred to the stable of Willie Musson at Newmarket. He was unplaced in four subsequent races, including the Vernons Sprint Cup, producing his best effort on his final start when he finished a close fifth behind Parioli in the Prix de Seine-et-Oise at Maisons-Laffitte Racecourse in late September.

1987: four-year-old season
Roaring Riva finished unplaced on his first two starts in the spring of 1987 and was then off the track for two months. In June he was sent to Germany to contest the Group 3 Ostermann-Pokal over 1200 metres at Gelsenkirchen. Ridden by Michael Wigham he won narrowly from the locally trained five-year-old Germinal, with the French challenger Cedrico in third. After finishing unplaced on his only subsequent start Roaring Riva was retired from racing.

Stud record
Roaring Riva began his career as a breeding stallion at the Cliffords Farm Stud at Richmond, North Yorkshire. He sired a few minor winners but nothing of any consequence. His last reported foals were born in 1999.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Roaring Riva


text:
Cookbook talk:New England Cuisine

This module uses text adapted from the Wikipedia article New England cuisine. The page history at the time the text was copied is included below.

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title: Cookbook talk:New England Cuisine


text:
Educational standards organisations

Overview of organisations related to educational standards and educational quality control:

Australia

 * http://www.avcc.edu.au (Australian Vice-chancellors Committee)

Western Australia

 * http://www.tac.wa.gov.au (Training Accreditation Council)
 * http://www.des.wa.gov.au (Higher Education Office of the Department of Education Services)
 * http://www.acas.wa.edu.au (Australian Centre for Advanced Studies)

Germany

 * http://www.iqb.hu-berlin.de IQB (Institut zur Qualitätsentwicklung im Bildungswesen)

 * https://www.peruzinasi.com/international-education/PN (Peruzi nasi website for international education)

Netherlands

 * http://www.minocw.nl
 * http://www.onderwijsinspectie.nl
 * http://www.citogroep.nl CITO (popular primary school test)
 * http://www.kwaliteitsring.nl
 * http://www.slo.nl SLO (Stichting Leerplan Ontwikkeling)
 * https://www.edustandaard.nl/ Edustandaard

England and Wales

 * http://www.qca.org.uk QCA (Qualifications and Curriculum Authority)
 * http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk
 * http://www.qaa.ac.uk (Quality Assurance Association for higher education)
 * http://www.jisc.ac.uk (Joint Information Systems Committee)
 * http://www.cetis.ac.uk (Centre for Educational Technology Interoperability Standards)
 * http://www.lifelonglearninguk.org (Lifelong Learning UK is the Sector Skills Council responsible for the professional development of all those working in community learning and development; further education; higher education; libraries, archives and information services; and work-based learning)

Scotland

 * http://www.sqa.org.uk SQA (Scottish Qualifications Authority)
 * http://www.scqf.org.uk SCQF (Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework)

United States

 * http://www.ncte.org NCTE (National Council of Teachers of English)
 * http://standards.nctm.org NCTM (National Council Teaching Mathmatics)

Alabama

 * http://alex.state.al.us/browseStand.php

California

 * California State Board of Education Content Standards Note: due to budget problems, the state of California is forced to depend on Internet Engineering Task Force Requests for Comments and will be investigating educational standards for instructional technologies in conjunction with Open Educational Resources (at Wikiversity) and published standards such as IMS QTI, reserving enhancements for audio upload and speech synthesis. N.B. also: Math Standard pp. 54-59 may conflict with this TED Talk as of 22:22, 1 August 2009 (UTC)

Florida

 * http://www.firn.edu/doe/menu/sss.htm

Kentucky

 * http://www.education.ky.gov/kde/instructional+resources/curriculum+documents+and+resources/core+content+for+assessment.htm

New Mexico

 * http://www.ped.state.nm.us/standards/

Pennsylvania
en
 * http://www.pde.state.pa.us PDE (Pennslyvania Department of Education)

South Carolina

 * http://www.myscschools.com/offices/cso/

Texas

 * http://www.scotthochberg.com/taas.html TAKS (Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills)

title: Educational standards organisations


text:
كحل

Etymology
Borrowed from /, from.

Noun

 * 1) antimony
 * 2) kohl, stibnite (pulverized antimony)

Descendants

 * Kurdish:
 * Kurdish:
 * Kurdish:
 * Kurdish:
 * Kurdish:

Verb

 * 1) to rub with kohl (stibnite), to paint with kohl

Verb

 * 1) to rub with kohl (stibnite), to paint with kohl

Noun

 * 1) black coloring of the edges of the eyelids

Adjective

 * 1) darkened with kohl, dyed black (of the eyelids)

Noun

 * 1) Rubbing the eyelids with kohl.
 * 1) Rubbing the eyelids with kohl.
 * 1) Rubbing the eyelids with kohl.

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) black

title: كحل


text:
Mirabi Valiyev

Mirabi Valiyev (Мірабі Валієв; born 13 September 1970) is a Ukrainian former wrestler who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics and in the 2000 Summer Olympics.

title: Mirabi Valiyev


text:
Talk:Bremont

Comment by IP editor moved from article
''THIS ARTICLE (AND PARTICULARLY THIS NEXT SECTION) IS RIFE WITH EDITORIALISING, ANECDOTAL (UNVERIFIED) HISTORY AND PRESS-RELEASE-LIKE BLURB, ALL OF WHICH FALLS WELL OUTSIDE THE AIMS AND SCOPE OF WIKIPEDIA. PLEASE EDIT THIS ACCORDINGLY.''

--Racklever (talk) 07:04, 24 October 2013 (UTC)

I agree with above, but the article has some interest. My impression, however, is that the article was not written by a native English speaker. Bizarre.2600:100D:B159:3526:E9A6:D30B:FBC3:5F62 (talk) 15:16, 7 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bremont


text:
Talk:George W. Bush shoeing incident

Orphaned references in Bush shoeing incident
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Bush shoeing incident's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "AZ081216": From Muntadhar al-Zaidi:  From Khalil al-Duleimi:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 20:22, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20081220215200/http://www.metimes.com:80/Politics/2008/12/19/iraqi_shoethrowers_family_asks_for_his_release/afp/ to http://www.metimes.com/Politics/2008/12/19/iraqi_shoethrowers_family_asks_for_his_release/afp/
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20090202174856/http://www.news.com.au:80/heraldsun/story/0,21985,24990911-23109,00.html to http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,24990911-23109,00.html

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External links modified
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 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.france24.com/en/20081216-iraq-probe-custody-abuse-bush-shoe-assailant
 * Added tag to http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?apage=1&cid=1228728209836&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101219070955/http://news.yahoo.com:80/s/ap/20101214/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_iraq_shoe_thrower to http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20101214/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_iraq_shoe_thrower
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:28, 11 November 2016 (UTC)

Iraq uses Day/Month/Year format and this article should too.
This was not an American incident purely because the victim (or potential victim) was American. Asperthrow (talk) 16:52, 7 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:George W. Bush shoeing incident


text:
Leonidas Hubbard (politician)

Leonidas Hubbard (December 21, 1821 – January 10, 1914) was a Michigan politician.

Early life
Hubbard was born in Deerfield Township, Ohio, on December 21, 1821. Hubbard was mostly self-educated. Hubbard taught in school for several years. In 1852, Hubbard moved to the southern part of Wright Township, Hillsdale County, Michigan.

Political career
From 1853 to 1855, Hubbard served as a school inspector for Wright Township. In 1856, Wright moved to California, where he mined and hunted. In 1859, he returned to Wright Township, where he would continue to hold a number of local offices. In 1860, he served as a school inspector again. From 1862 to 1863, Hubbard served as supervisor. From 1864 to 1865, Hubbard served as the treasurer. From 1867 to 1868, Hubbard again served as supervisor. In 1870, Hubbard would serve his final term as supervisor. In 1875, Hubbard again served as treasurer. On November 3, 1874, Hubbard was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where he represented the Hillsdale County 3rd district from January 6, 1875, to December 31, 1876. In 1876, Hubbard served as superintendent of schools in Wright Township.

Church involvement
In June 1860, reverends William Jewell and Zephaniah Shepherd organized a church from a schoolhouse in Wright of the Disciples of Christ denomination. There were about fifteen members initially. Hubbard was elected as an elder of church. In 1874, Hubbard was elected as a trustee of the church. Around 1875, Hubbard succeeded Samuel Vandervort, who had been in charge of the church for about a year. Hubbard took charge of the church for around two years, until he relieved himself.

Death
Hubbard died on January 10, 1914, in Wright Township.

title: Leonidas Hubbard (politician)


text:
Alexander Laukart

Alexander Laukart (born 25 October 1998) is a German professional football who plays as a midfielder for Weiche Flensburg.

Club career
Laukart made his Eredivisie debut for FC Twente on 13 August 2017 in a game against Feyenoord.

title: Alexander Laukart


text:
Overview of Cell Biology

Lectures and Learning Materials
Lesson 1: /Evolution of the Cytoskeleton/

Lesson 2: /Actin Structure and Dynamics/

Lesson 3: /Actin-Binding Proteins/

Lesson 4: /Regulation of Actin Dynamics in Cells/

Lesson 5: /Actin and Myosin/

Lesson 6: /Muscle Contraction/

Lesson 7: /Actin in Cell Adhesion and Migration/

Lesson 8: /Intermediate Filaments and Septins/

Lesson 9: /Microtubule Dynamics and Organization/

Lesson 10: /Microtubule-Binding Proteins and Motors/

Lesson 11: /Mitosis/

Lesson 12: /Mitosis and Meiosis/

title: Overview of Cell Biology


text:
Phongsali

Phongsali or Phongsaly (ຜົ້ງສາລີ) is the capital of Phongsaly Province, Laos. It is the northernmost provincial capital in Laos, opposite Attapeu in the south. The district had about 23,300 inhabitants according to the 2015 Laotian census. It lies at approximately 1,430 meters elevation on the slopes of Mount Phu Fa (1,625 meters). Phongsali has summer temperatures around 25-30 °C, with frequent rain. In winter, from November to March, it is cool and mostly sunny, with daytime temperatures between 10-18 °C.

In the centre of the town are houses built in Yunnanese style with ornate wooden fronts. This is quite rare as the preserved city was not destroyed like other cities in northern Laos during the Vietnam War by bombing.

A 400 year-old tea plantation is about 18 kilometers away in the village of Ban Komaen, which according to some tea experts has some of the oldest tea trees in the world. The large root system of the old trees extends deep into the mineral-rich soil and gives the "Phongsali tea" a distinctive aroma and taste.

Climate
Phongsali has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen climate classification: Cwa).

title: Phongsali


text:
User:Seek ThePoet

Seek ThePoet (born Ernie R. Ball; August 19, 1974)is an american poet, actor, performance artist, and short film producer. He is best known for his for his spoken word performances. In 2011 Seek released his provacative short film titled The Ending where he wrote and starred under the direction of 2OSOS Productions. Seek is an advocate for the LGBTQ community, and AIDS activist. He is currently working on his forthcoming stage production 5-21 Pass the Sky, and children's book Little Boy's Dance Too.

title: User:Seek ThePoet


text:
Talk:Aghanashini River

The majority of the Wikipedia article looks like a copy/paste of a news article on a documentary about the river
At the bottom of the article it even has

"Top Comment

NEXT STORY

Copyright © Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. For reprint rights:Times Syndication Service "

which looks like someone just did a sloppy copy/paste, and that the info is copyrighted.

title: Talk:Aghanashini River


text:
dech

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) breath act or process of breathing

Etymology
From.

Pronoun

 * 1) second-person singular, accusative: you
 * Ech hunn dech gären — I love you
 * 1) second-person singular, reflexive: yourself

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) breath act or process of breathing

Adjective

 * : best

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1)  breath
 * 2) gust, breeze
 * 1) gust, breeze

title: dech


text:
Reproductive health/Contraception

Before learning about the various modes of contraception, it would be wise to review some basic science material on the anatomy and physiology of reproduction.

Following ovulation, the ovum can be fertilized within an 24 hour timespan. Sperm has been shown to be capable of 3-5 day survival in utero, in some instances even up to 7 days. The theoretical fertile timeframe thus stretches from 5 days before ovulation until the day after. Statistically, ovulation occurs most commonly at day 14 of the menstrual cycle, but there is considerable variety in the day of ovulation from cycle to cycle. At ovulation, the formation of a corpus luteum causes an increase in progesterone production. Among its many physiological effects, progesterone causes an approx. 0,5 centigrade increase in basal body temperature following ovulation. Also, LH gives an increase in oestrogen production, causing softening and upward rising of the uterus. These changes in basal body temperature and uterine consistency have been utilized as an indicator in family planning to foresee when a woman is fertile.
 * Historical methods: periodic abstinence

Oral contraceptives
Oral contraceptives are also known as birth-control pills. These are used to prevent pregnancy and it is important to realize that they do not protect against STDs or HIV. Birth-control pills release the two female sex hormones, estrogen and progestin. The combination of the two hormones work by prevention ovulation, in other words the release of eggs from the ovaries. Without releasing an egg, the women can not get pregnant. The hormones also effect the lining of the uterus from developing to prevent pregnancy and change the mucus at the cervix which is the opening of the uterus so that sperm cannot enter. Birth-control can have other effects like treating acne and relieving the symptoms that occur before the menstrual period each month, depending on the brand of birth-control. Birth-control pills have been found to be 99% effective when used correctly, meaning taken at the same time every day.

Hormonal Intrauterine Device (IUD)
Intrauterine Devices (IUD) have been used for prevention of pregnancy for the past 30 years. The exact mechanism is not fully understood. A number of mechanism are proposed, there is an effect on sperm motility & survival and there is a change in the endometruim that is unfavorable for implantation.More that one mechanism is likely. The first generation IUDs were unpopular because on increased menstrual loss(Menorrhagia) and increased pain around period time(dysmenorria). There was also an increase in pelvic infection. For these reasons IUDs lost popularity as method on contraception. The newer generation of IUDs(Mirena) are coated in a progesterone and this helps to reduce menstral loss and pain. This circumvents the two most common drawbacks on unmedicated IUDs. Some irregularity of menstrual cycle may occur during the first 3-5 months.

Diaphragm
The diaphragm was first introduced in 1882. Modern diaphragms are dome-shaped latex rubber devices covering the cervix, thus acting as a mechanical barrier to sperm, preventing their entry into the uterus. It is generally recommended that the use of a diaphragm is supplemented with a spermicide, and used correctly this combination has an efficacy of 92-96%. It is yet unknown whether the use of diaphragms without spermicides is comparably effective.

Several sizes and types of diaphragms exist, differing in the design of the rim of the device. The selection of diaphragm is made during vaginal examination, where the cervix is assessed and the appropriate size of the diaphragm determined. Practically, this is done by measuring the distance from the posterior fornix to the symphysis, and finding a diaphragm of comparable diameter. A correctly fitted diaphragm should cover the cervix and sit tightly against the posterior part of the symphysis. The device should not be felt by the client while in situ. Fitting of the diaphragm must be taught gradually, focusing first on locating the cervix, then on fitting and removing the device, and finally on applying the spermicidal. About half an hour should be reserved for this purpose. Spermicidal gel is applied on both sides of the diaphragm, and if intercourse does not take place within 3 hours, additional gel should be added. Following intercourse, the diaphragm should be left in for about 6 hours, but not more than a total of 24 hours to avoid the development of toxic shock syndrome. Proper hygiene is crucial; the diaphragm must be washed thoroughly with mild soap and water.

Significant changes in body weight might necessitate a change in the size of the diaphragm. Also, a routine control every 6 month is recommended to ensure proper fitting. The diaphragm should be replaced annually. Diaphragms may increase the risk of urinary tract infections and provides no protection against STDs. Toxic shock syndrome is a feared complication if a diaphragm is carried for more than 30 hours.

Cervical cap
Cervical caps are rubber devices that act as mechanical barriers for sperm, capping the cervix, being held in place by suction. Cervical caps are not as commonly used as diaphragm, apparently mainly because of greater difficulties with fitting. With correct use, an efficacy of 92-96% is obtained used with the addition of a spermicide.

The cap is introduced while squeezing it between the three first fingers. Thumb pressure is then released, and proper placement over the cervix is verified. Removal is accomplished by inserting a finger under the rim, thus removing the suction.

Usage guidelines and complications of use are identical to those mentioned in the section on diaphragms.

Sponge
Sponges are made from polyurethane covered in a spermicide. They are inserted into the vagina 15 minutes prior to intercourse, and must be left in situ for 6 hours after intercourse has occurred. Protection can be left in situ for up to 12 hours, and several intercourses can take place without the need of changing the sponge.

Condom
Efficacy of condoms are reported differently ranging from 98 to 95% when used properly and consistently. Condoms are a barrier method worn by the male on his penis to stop the ejaculation fluid from entering the female. The obvious benefit from the use of condoms is protection against STDs, including HIV, and the absence of systemic effects. Condoms are inexpensive and easy to get, they do not require a prescription, and can be used with other birth control methods. The increase in condom use can limit the number of unwanted pregnancies and STDs.

title: Reproductive health/Contraception


text:
County Hall, Beverley

County Hall is a municipal building in Cross Street, Beverley, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. County Hall, which is the headquarters of East Riding of Yorkshire Council, is a Grade II listed building.

History
Following the implementation of the Local Government Act 1888, which established county councils in every county, it became necessary to find a meeting place for the East Riding County Council. Initially meetings of the county council were held in the Sessions House and in the Guildhall. After deciding the old Sessions House and Guildhall were inadequate for their needs, county leaders chose to procure a new county headquarters: the site selected in Cross Street had been occupied by the former Mechanics Institute.

A new purpose-built building, designed by R. G. Smith and Frederick Stead Brodrick in the Flemish Renaissance style, was completed in 1891. The design involved a main frontage with eleven bays facing onto Cross Street; the left-hand section of five bays, which was symmetrical, featured an elaborately carved stone doorway on the ground floor flanked by composite order columns, with three tall mullion windows on the first floor; the right-hand section of six bays, which was asymmetrical, featured a porch flanked by Doric order columns and topped with a pediment containing the county coat of arms, with tall mullion windows on the first and second floors. Internally, the principal room was the council chamber which contained fine furniture carved by the wood carver and cabinet maker, James Elwell.

In the 1930s the novelist, Winifred Holtby, attended council meetings in the council chamber to obtain inspiration for her book South Riding which won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 1936.

Following the abolition of East Riding County Council in 1974, the building became the offices of Humberside County Council. A large modern office block, intended to create additional facilities for the county council, was built on Champney Road and opened in 1983. Local government was reorganised again, with the abolition of Humberside County Council in 1996, and county hall became the offices of the new unitary authority, East Riding of Yorkshire Council at that time. The council chamber was refurbished in late 2019.

title: County Hall, Beverley


text:
Enfield East (UK Parliament constituency)

Enfield East was a constituency which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was created for the 1950 general election and abolished for the February 1974 general election.

Boundaries
The Urban District of Enfield wards of Central, North East, and South East.


text:
Talk:Greenville, Illinois

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title: Talk:Greenville, Illinois


text:
Talk:Ioniq

Requested move 17 August 2020

The result of the move request was: Not Moved (closed by non-admin page mover)  Megan Barris   (Lets talk📧)  06:15, 25 August 2020 (UTC)

Ioniq (automobile) → Ioniq – Simple name. Fixer88 (talk) 20:30, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose - Both Ioniq and Ioniq (automobile) might be best as redirects to Hyundai Ioniq. Its a much more developed article and the vehicle brand is probably more likely to be sought than the company division. Having a (automobile) disambiguator used for an article about a company division is WP:ASTONISHing. Only the car brand is mentioned on Hyundai Motor Group, not the division. Overall, I think the content about the company division is too light to be standalone and should probably be merged to Hyundai Motor Group and/or Hyundai Ioniq. -- Netoholic @ 05:28, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose - Exact same reasons as Netoholic. Alawadhi3000 (talk) 06:53, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ioniq


text:
Morris Jennings

Morris Jennings was an American drummer and musician from Chicago. He recorded as Moe Jennings, M. Jennings, Maurice Jennings, Morris "Gator" Jennings, and Morris Jennings Jr.

Jennings played drums on the Electric Mud album by Muddy Waters, the 1969 album The Howlin' Wolf Album by Howlin' Wolf, and the 1972 Curtis Mayfield album Super Fly. His work at Chess Records includes "California Soul" by Marlena Shaw, which includes an unusual two-bar break early in the song.

Jennings died at his South Side Chicago home of natural causes at age 77 on June 3, 2016.

Discography
With Roy Buchanan
 * When a Guitar Plays the Blues (Alligator, 1985)
 * Dancing On the Edge (Alligator, 1986)
 * Hot Wires (Alligator, 1987)

With Terry Callier
 * What Color Is Love (Cadet, 1972)
 * I Just Can't Help Myself (Cadet, 1973)
 * Fire On Ice (Elektra, 1978)
 * TimePeace (Talkin' Loud 1998)
 * Lifetime (Blue Thumb, 1999)
 * Lookin' Out (Columbia, 2004)

With Tyrone Davis
 * Can't You Tell It's Me (Columbia, 1979)
 * I Just Can't Keep On Going (Columbia, 1980)
 * Tyrone Davis (Highrise 1982)
 * Sexy Thing (Future, 1985)
 * Flashin' Back (Future, 1988)
 * For the Good Times (Life 1994)
 * In the Mood with Tyrone Davis (Big Break, 2013)
 * Love and Touch (Solid/Funkytowngrooves, 2015)
 * Everything in Place (Solid/Funkytowngrooves, 2017)

With The Dells
 * Freedom Means... (Cadet, 1971)
 * The Dells Sing Dionne Warwicke's Greatest Hits (Cadet, 1972)
 * Whatever Turns You On (20th Century Fox, 1981)
 * I Touched a Dream (20th Century Fox, 1980)

With Woody Herman
 * Light My Fire (Cadet, 1969)
 * Heavy Exposure (Cadet, 1969)

With Ramsey Lewis
 * Them Changes (Cadet, 1970)
 * Back to the Roots (Cadet, 1971)
 * Upendo Ni Pamoja (Columbia, 1972)
 * Ramsey Lewis' Newly Recorded All-Time Non-Stop Golden Hits (Columbia, 1973)
 * Funky Serenity (Columbia, 1973)
 * Solar Wind (Columbia, 1974)
 * Sun Goddess (Columbia, 1974)
 * Don't It Feel Good (Columbia, 1975)
 * Ramsey (Columbia, 1979)
 * Three Piece Suite (Columbia, 1981)
 * Chance Encounter (Columbia, 1982)
 * Les Fleurs (Columbia, 1983)

With Curtis Mayfield
 * Super Fly (RCA, 1972)
 * Honesty (Boardwalk, 1982)
 * We Come in Peace with a Message of Love (CRC, 1985)

With others

 * Green Lyte Sunday, Green Lyte Sunday (RCA, 1970)

 * Inez Andrews, If Jesus Came to Your Town Today (Ichiban, 1988)
 * Ben Branch, The Last Request (Chess, 1968)
 * Odell Brown, Free Delivery (Cadet, 1970)
 * Oscar Brown Jr., Fresh (Atlantic, 1974)
 * Milton Brunson, To All Generations (Creed, 1979)
 * Peabo Bryson, Reaching for the Sky (Capitol, 1977)
 * Jerry Butler, The Sagittarius Movement (Mercury, 1971)
 * Champaign, How 'Bout Us (Columbia, 1981)
 * The Chi-Lites, Me and You (20th Century Fox, 1981)
 * Otis Clay, The Only Way Is Up (Blues R&B 1985)
 * Linda Clifford, I'll Keep On Loving You (Capitol, 1982)
 * Albert Collins, Cold Snap (Sonet, 1986)
 * Jessy Dixon, You Bring the Sun Out (Light 1979)
 * Charles Earland, Earland's Jam (Columbia, 1982)
 * Cleveland Eaton, Half and Half (Gamble, 1973)
 * Cleveland Eaton, Plenty Good Eaton (Black Jazz, 1975)
 * Eddie Harris, I'm Tired of Driving (RCA Victor, 1978)
 * Donny Hathaway, Everything Is Everything (ATCO, 1970)
 * Donny Hathaway, Donny Hathaway (ATCO, 1971)
 * Loleatta Holloway, Loleatta Holloway (Gold Mind, 1979)
 * Howlin' Wolf, The Howlin' Wolf Album (Cadet, 1969)
 * Melvin Jackson, Funky Skull (Limelight, 1969)
 * Syl Johnson, Back in the Game (Delmark, 1994)
 * Syl Johnson, Bridge to Legacy (Antone's 1998)
 * John Klemmer, Blowin' Gold (Cadet, 1969)
 * John Klemmer, Magic Moments (Chess, 1976)
 * The Manhattans, Black Tie (CBS, 1981)
 * The Manhattans, Forever by Your Side (Columbia, 1983)
 * Brother Jack McDuff, The Natural Thing (Cadet, 1968)
 * Brother Jack McDuff, Gin and Orange (Cadet, 1969)
 * Barry Melton, Bright Sun Is Shining (Vanguard, 1970)
 * Gatemouth Moore, After Twenty-One Years (BluesWay, 1973)
 * Plush, Fed After Hours (P-Vine, 2002)
 * Eugene Record, Trying to Get to You (Warner Bros., 1978)
 * Buddy Rich, Speak No Evil (RCA Victor, 1976)
 * Rockie Robbins, Rockie Robbins (A&M, 1979)
 * Rotary Connection, The Rotary Connection (Chess, 1967)
 * Sonny Stitt, Soul Girl (Paula 1973)
 * Phil Upchurch, Upchurch (Cadet, 1969)
 * Phil Upchurch, The Way I Feel
 * Muddy Waters, Electric Mud (Cadet, 1968)
 * Muddy Waters, After the Rain (Cadet, 1969)
 * Katie Webster, No Foolin'! (Alligator, 1991)
 * Marvin Yancy, Heavy Load (P.S., 1987)

title: Morris Jennings


text:
Talk:David May (footballer)

Untitled
One reason as to why David May was so popular amongst Manchester United fans, is because he came from the club Blackburn Rovers; to which Alan Shearer refused to join Manchester United from, and chose to play for Newcastle United instead. Once David May joined the club, the fans wrote a song about him, saying he was 'great' because he took the chance to join Manchester United from Blackburn Rovers, while Alan Shearer pasted it by, or in footballing lauguage snubbed Manchester United. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:53, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
 * What is this? Scherben808 (talk) 23:47, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

He's not from Oldham
He's from Middleton. Scherben808 (talk) 23:46, 12 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Would you care to provide a source for that? – PeeJay 23:57, 18 May 2017 (UTC)
 * First post here: http://forums.bluemoon-mcfc.co.uk/threads/city-players-at-your-school.260805/page-12; second comment here: http://www.whoateallthepies.tv/man_utd/64409/david-may-cancels-party-to-celebrate-man-citys-35th-year-without-silverware.html; Steven Blood's comment here: https://m.facebook.com/ManchesterEveningNews/posts/10153981295397060; plus the fact I went to two schools with him. Scherben808 (talk) 17:32, 19 May 2017 (UTC)
 * I don't see any evidence he wasn't born in Oldham though, which is what the article states. – PeeJay 19:29, 19 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Furthermore, none of the sources you've provided are even remotely reliable. One forum post, a blog comment and a Facebook page are extremely lacking when it comes to passing WP:RS. – PeeJay 20:30, 19 May 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:David May (footballer)


text:
Huawei Mate

Huawei Mate, formally Huawei Ascend Mate, is a series of high-end HarmonyOS-powered (Android-based prior to the trade war sanction) phablet smartphones produced by Huawei, and is one of their flagship products along with the Pura series.

Under the company's current hardware release cadence, the Pura series phones are typically directed towards mainstream consumers as the company's flagship smartphones, refining and expanding upon technologies introduced in Mate series devices (which are typically positioned towards early adopters). From 2016 until 2021, Huawei was in a co-engineering partnership with the German manufacturer Leica, whose lenses were used on the Mate series cameras. They have since been replaced with Huawei's in-house XMAGE imaging brand.

Huawei Ascend Mate
The Huawei Ascend Mate smartphone was announced in 2013 at CES. It was released in China in February 2013; its international release was in March 2013.

 * Display: 6.1-inch IPS display with 720×1280 pixel resolution
 * RAM: 1 or 2 GB
 * Battery: 4050 mAh

Huawei Ascend Mate 2 4G
Huawei announced the Huawei Ascend Mate 2 4G smartphone at CES in 2014.

 * Display: 6.1-inch display with 720×1280 pixel resolution
 * Processor: Qualcomm Snapdragon 400

Huawei Ascend Mate 7
Released September 2014

 * Display: 6.0 inches, 1080 × 1920 pixels
 * Processor: HiSilicon Kirin 925

Huawei Mate S
Huawei announced the Huawei Mate S smartphone on September 2, 2015 at IFA in Berlin.

 * Display: 5.5-inch display with 1080×1920 pixel resolution
 * Processor: HiSilicon Kirin 935
 * RAM: 3 GB
 * Battery: 2700 mAh

Huawei Mate 8
Released on 26 November 2015 in China and globally Q1 2016.

 * Display: 6.0-inch display with 1080×1920 pixel resolution
 * Processor: HiSilicon Kirin 950
 * Ram: 4 GB

Huawei Mate 9
Released December 2016

 * Display: 5.9-inch display IPS LCD capacitive touchscreen
 * Processor: HiSilicon Kirin 960
 * Ram: 4 GB

Huawei Mate 10
Released November 2017

 * Display: 5.9-inch display with 1440 × 2560 pixels
 * Processor: HiSilicon Kirin 970
 * Ram: 4 GB

Huawei Mate SE
Huawei launched the Huawei Mate SE in the United States on March 6, 2018. It is an essentially a rebranded version of the international Honor 7X, as the Honor 7X smartphone that had previously been released in the United States was different from the international version.

 * Display: 5.93-inch display with 1080×2160 pixel resolution
 * Processor: HiSilicon Kirin 659
 * Storage: 64 GB (expandable)
 * RAM: 4 GB
 * Battery: 3340 mAh
 * Colors: Gray or Gold

Huawei Mate 20
Huawei announced three phones in the Huawei Mate 20 series, the Huawei Mate 20, Huawei Mate 20 Pro, and Huawei Mate 20 X at an event in London, England on October 16, 2018, after announcing the cheaper Huawei Mate 20 lite in Berlin, Germany on August 31, 2018.

Huawei Mate X
The Mate X is Huawei's first foldable device. The phone offers an 8-inch OLED display that folds outwards, with a wraparound design. While folded, there is a 6.6-inch screen on the front and a 6.38-inch screen on the back.

Huawei Mate X2
The Huawei Mate X2 successor was unveiled on 22 February 2021, and do not feature Google services.

Huawei Mate Xs 2
The Huawei Mate Xs 2 foldable smartphone was unveiled on 22 April 2022 which features the new HarmonyOS 2.0 operating system.

Huawei Mate 30
The Huawei Mate 30 and Pro versions were unveiled on 19 September 2019 in Munich, Germany and released on 26 September 2019 in China. They are the first models that could be released without pre-installed Google apps because of US sanctions.

Huawei Mate 40
The Huawei Mate 40 and Pro versions were unveiled on 22 October 2020, and do not feature Google services. The Chinese variant featured the operating system HarmonyOS 2.0, marking the start of HarmonyOS as an operating system in the Mate series.

Huawei Mate 50
The Huawei Mate 50, 50E and 50 Pro and 50 RS, the first phones in Mate Series with Huawei's in-house XMAGE imaging were unveiled on 6 September 2022 which features the new HarmonyOS 3.0 operating system.

Huawei Mate 60
The Huawei Mate 60 series was officially launched on August 29, 2023, equipped with the HarmonyOS 4.0 operating system. The promotion emphasizes its ability to carry out satellite telephony through the Tiantong system,  and the ability to send and receive short messages through the Beidou system.

According to third-party technical dismantling and analysis, this model is equipped with the Kirin 9000S SoC chipset developed by HiSilicon, which is a 7nm process chip. According to analysis this chip may have been produced by SMIC. The launch of the phone garnered significant attention, and was widely touted as a victory against US government sanctions intended to stop Chinese companies from producing or obtaining advanced chips. Huawei's breakthrough raised concerns within the US government that technological restrictions alone were unable to prevent Huawei from obtaining advanced chips: the U.S. Department of Commerce launched an investigation into the situation at the end of 2023.

Huawei MatePad Pro
The Huawei MatePad Pro was announced on 25 November 2019 and was officially released on 12 December 2019. It is one of Huawei's devices to feature no Google services just like many of the company's other recently released devices but still retains Android 10 as the source code for EMUI 10.1. The tablet received mainly positive reviews from critics but was criticised for its camera and lack of a wide variety of apps.

Huawei MatePad
The Huawei MatePad was announced on 23 April 2020 and was officially released on 28 April 2020. It is one of Huawei's devices to feature no Google services just like many of the company's other recently released devices but still retains Android 10 as the source code for EMUI 10.1.

Huawei MatePad 11
The Huawei MatePad 11 was announced June 2, 2021 during Huawei's HarmonyOS 2 launch and it was officially released on July 13, 2021. It is one of Huawei's first tablet devices to have HarmonyOS 2 pre-installed globally.

Huawei MatePad Pro
The Huawei MatePad Pro 2021 line of 10.8 and 12.6-inch tablets was announced on June 2, 2021 during Huawei's HarmonyOS 2 launch and it was officially released on June 25, 2021 globally which marks the world's first tablets to have HarmonyOS pre-installed.

Huawei MatePad SE
The Huawei MatePad SE was announced on April 28, 2022 and was officially released May 10, 2022 globally with HarmonyOS 2 pre-installed.

Huawei MatePad
The Huawei MatePad 10.4 2022 model was announced on May 13, 2022 which was released on the same day globally with Android 10 as the source code for EMUI 10.1 pre-installed.

Huawei MatePad Pro 11
The Huawei MatePad Pro 11 was announced on July 27, 2022 during Huawei's HarmonyOS 3 launch and was released August 10, 2022 globally with HarmonyOS 3 pre-installed.

Huawei MatePad C5e
The Huawei MatePad C5e was announced on October 19, 2022 with Android 10 based EMUI and was released November 2022 with Android 10 pre-installed.

Huawei MatePad 11 (2023)
Huawei MatePad 11 (2023) model came with HarmonyOS 3.1 on March 31, 2023 and PaperMatte Edition on November 2023.

Huawei MatePad Air
Huawei MatePad Air model announced May 18, 2023 and released July 22, 2023, preinstalled with HarmonyOS 3.1. Alongside PaperMatte Edition on December 13, 2023 in European markets.

Huawei MatePad 11.5
Huawei MatePad 11.5 model announced May 18, 2023 and released July 22, 2023 preinstalled with HarmonyOS 3.1.

Huawei MatePad Pro 13.2
The Huawei MatePad Pro 13.2 was announced and released on September 25, 2023 during Huawei's Autumn New Product Launch Conference with HarmonyOS 4 pre-installed with Kirin 9000 W Wi-Fi only variant of Kirin 9000s.

On April 8, 2024, Huawei expanded the MatePad Pro 13.2-inch tablet line with a SIM card version on a SKU model called Collector's Edition with Kirin 9000s in black colour via Huawei VMALL in China.

On May 8, 2024, the company revealed poster for new colour variant expansion in China with MatePad Pro 13.2 tablet line that comes with GoPaint application pre-installed ahead of event on May 15, 2024.

Huawei MatePad 11.5 S
The Huawei MatePad 11.5 S was announced on May 7, 2024 for later release in the same month during Huawei's Innovative Product Launch in Dubai that comes with GoPaint pre-installed with HarmonyOS 4.2 software, Papermatte Edition in global markets.

title: Huawei Mate


text:
Closing Time: The True Story of the Goodbar Murder

Closing Time: The True Story of the "Goodbar" Murder is a 1977 book by Lacey Fosburgh about the murder of Roseann Quinn, a young New York City schoolteacher who reportedly led a "double life" and was murdered in 1973. Fosburgh appropriated the title of Judith Rossner's Looking for Mr. Goodbar, the acclaimed best-selling novel which had been published two years earlier, and subsequently made into a 1977 film, and whose events were followed by a 1983 made-for-TV semi-sequel, Trackdown: Finding the Goodbar Killer, which was largely based on fact.

Closing Time was nominated for the 1978 Edgar Award as Best Fact Crime book, despite Fosburgh's mixing of fact and fiction in a controversial technique she referred to as "interpretive biography." In 1980, she admitted to The New York Times that she had "created scenes or dialogue I think it reasonable and fair to assume could have taken place, perhaps even did."


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User:Perl~enwikibooks/Fahrenheit 451/conflicts

Those who own books v. those who hate books
The main conflict in Fahrenheit 451 occurs between those who own books and those who hate books. Most of the individuals who despise books chose to hate the books themselves because society suggested them to, the government had nothing to do with the banning of books. They are afraid of books, in Bradbury's view, only because of the strong influence of a minority of people who find the content of books offensive. This is first discernable when Montag steals a book from one of the houses that his fireteam burned. When Mildred finds the book, she becomes very argumentative and tells Montag to destroy it. Even the fact that there is a need for firemen to burn the houses of individuals who own books makes this conflict apparent. It is, of course, not simply the books themselves that frighten and offend, but rather the fact that reading may lead to free thinking and free expression that threatens the government and entertainment based culture portrayed in the book. Some individuals such as Granger and Montag (at the end of the book) are forced to live on the railroad tracks in shantytowns away from the vast majority- where they become, ironically, a new minority themselves!

Montag vs. Mildred
It is clear from the beginning of the book that Guy's and Mildred's relationship is very troubled. Most of the conversations that occur between Guy and Mildred are, in fact, heated arguments. Guy frequently wonders why he married Mildred and neither can remember how they met. At one point Montag cries because he realizes that her death would not really affect him. Bradbury has perhaps rightly been criticized for his portrayal of women as symbolized by the character of Mildred. Besides, this relationship also represents the lack of love among society. Their personalities clash. Ex. She loves all of the new technology, like many televsions and Guy is the total opposite. Being a fireman has made him wonder and question why books are such a bad thing to have in society. As his interest in books grow the more distant and questionable their relationship becomes. She winds up ringing the alarm on her husband because of all of the illegal books that he has hidden. She jumps into a cab and speeds off as Guy and the rest of the fireman pull up to burn their (which is now only his house).

The War
The war is only briefly mentioned during most of the book. It seems distant and is only on the news for entertainment. In the last segment of the book, however, the war suddenly becomes very real. It destroys the city that Montag had just fled. The war only lasts a few moments, but it leaves a devastating impact on many people. By Joana Contreras

Next (Review) >


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Llonja de Sant Jordi

The Llonja de Sant Jordi is a room of exhibitions of Alcoy (Alicante), Valencian Community, located under the floor of the Plaça d'Espanya (Spain Square).

It is designed by the valencian architect Santiago Calatrava. Made during the years 1992-1995. Its internal structure is reminiscent of the rib of a whale. It also highlighted the mechanisms that give access to the underground room and the fountain of the square.

title: Llonja de Sant Jordi


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Dudley Williams (biochemist)

Dudley Howard Williams (25 May 1937 – 3 November 2010) was a British biochemist known for utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry in the study of molecular structure, especially the antibiotic vancomycin.

Biography
Dudley Howard Williams was born on 25 May 1937 in Farsley, Yorkshire, the only child of Lawrence Williams, an engineers chief order clerk, and Evelyn (née Hudson). He attended Pudsey Grammar School, from where he gained a place at the University of Leeds. He graduated in 1958 with a first-class BSc in Chemistry.

Williams' research for a PhD was on the synthesis of Vitamin D and related compounds, under the supervision of Basil Lythgoe, FRS at Leeds; his degree was awarded in 1961. That same year he was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship and moved to Stanford University to work with Carl Djerassi exploring the application of mass spectrometry (MS) in organic chemistry. He used the evenings to investigate the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on a 100 MHz instrument with Norman Bhacca at nearby Varian Associates. "In three stunningly productive years, he showed how mass spectrometry and NMR … could transform the way that organic chemists worked. His textbooks, reviews, research papers and lectures revolutionised organic chemistry over the following years".

In December 1962 Djerassi gave Williams three months' leave to go back to England to marry Lorna Patricia Phyllis (always known as Pat) Bedford, whom he had met at Leeds. She was a secretary in the Chemistry department. They married on 9 March 1963 and travelled to California, which they enjoyed exploring in their leisure time.

The next move was to Cambridge in 1964, to take up a junior position in Organic Chemistry, at the invitation of Lord Todd. A condition of the move was that the department should buy a Varian 100 MHz NMR spectrometer and an AEI MS9 mass spectrometer. Williams stayed at Cambridge until his retirement in 2004.

In his memoir of Dudley Williams, Sanders noted that "the different areas of [his] science overlapped, intertwined and evolved so it is not easy to separate them out for discussion". He summarized Williams' work in three areas
 * NMR and MS

A key contribution here was the use of shift reagents to alter NMR spectra to reveal more detail.

Conventional MS and then fast atom bombardment MS enabled Williams to sequence biologically active peptides, including gastrin and insulin.

 * Determining the structures and modes of action of the vancomycin family of antibiotics

In 1969 Dudley took on the problem of determining the structure of vancomycin, a powerful natural antibiotic active against Gram-positive bacteria.

 * Evolution

Williams "argued powerfully that 'natural products' such as the alkaloids found in many plant species that have no known function must have a vital but unknown role in order to justify the evolutionary effort and energy expenditure in maintaining their presence through many cycles of natural selection.

Awards and honours

 * 1964 Fellow of Churchill College
 * 1966 Meldola Medal, Royal Institute of Chemistry
 * 1968 Corday–Morgan Medal, The Chemical Society
 * 1983 Fellow of the Royal Society
 * Tilden Medal, Royal Society of Chemistry
 * 1984 Structural Chemistry Award, Royal Society of Chemistry
 * 1990 Academia Europaea
 * 1990 Bader Award, Royal Society of Chemistry
 * 1996 Leo Friend Award, American Chemical Society

Personal life
Dudley and Pat had two sons, Mark Howard in 1966 and Simon Bedford in 1968. Williams retired in 2004. Six years later he was diagnosed with an aggressive carcinoma of the liver. He died in a hospice in Cambridge on 3 November 2010.

title: Dudley Williams (biochemist)


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Sexual Psychology/Who's Doing What

I mentioned in the first chapter that I frequently get questions about this or that topic in human sexuality from people — the less shy ones, I'd guess — who have recently learned about my research interests. Though some of the questions are unusual and unexpected, more often the same questions are just about the same: How often do people actually have sex? Is it normal for my husband to look at pornography? What size is the average penis?

I think the reason questions like those come up over and over again is that they are, fundamentally, normative questions. That is, they are questions about what is "normal," what everyone else is doing. This is unsurprising: We humans do seem to have a natural curiosity about what other people are doing, especially in taboo areas like sex. More than that, though, it allows us to see how "normal" we are. Should I feel fulfilled with the amount of sex I'm having? Or — heaven forbid — am I some sort of pervert? Of course, demographic data can never really answer that sort of question. As the philosopher David Hume pointed out centuries ago, there is a great divide between the "is" and the "ought." Sex research can tell you how close you are to what's average, but it will never be able to tell you how close you are to what's right. That's a question for other fields — philosophy, religion, perhaps law.

Nonetheless, questions about what people are doing and whom they're doing it with are some of the most interesting and fundamental in sex research. As a purely practical example, we can't combat the spread of AIDS if we don't know what sort of people have a lot of sexual partners, what sort of people are less likely to use condoms, and so on. On a more theoretical level, it's impossible to understand the effects of culture of sexual behavior if we don't know what that behavior is. Because of this fundamental importance (and because it's just so darn interesting),

Surveying the Field
If you want to figure out what Americans think, do, or think other people do, the solution seems straightforward: Take a survey. Even if you know nothing about the mechanics of survey methodology, you probably have the impression that modern surveys are among the most marvelously useful things ever invented. And that they are. That's why you can hardly turn on the nightly news or read a major magazine without learning of a new survey. You're probably most familiar with political surveys (or polls, as they're more commonly called), which seem to track the public's opinion on every imaginable issue, from who the next President will be to whether the government should pay subsidies to Iowa corn farmers.

These sorts of surveys are not easy, of course, but as surveys go they're pretty routine. To give a quite simplified example: If you wanted to know who will win the upcoming race for mayor of your city, you could simply pick a couple of hundred numbers at random out of the local phone book, call them, and ask "Who do you plan to vote for in the upcoming mayoral race?" Add up the responses, and you've got your answer. This would certainly not be the most accurate survey in the world, but even in that simplified form it would give you a pretty good idea, as long as the race wasn't too close.

Taking surveys about sexual behavior is not so easy, though. Imagine your reaction if a stranger called your house some evening and asked how many times you'd had sex in the last month. Personally, I'd probably hang up on them immediately; who knows if they're actually researchers or just prank callers? And of course a reasonably comprehensive survey of American sexual behavior would have dozens of questions, some of them even more sensitive than that one, and require participants of every age, race, and religion from every state. The prospects for such a thing seem pretty dim.

For that reason, most sex surveys have not been of that conventional sort. The earliest and still most famous American survey was that by Alfred Kinsey and his colleagues.[Kinsey, et al., 1948] Kinsey and his many assistants.

Surveys of large groups have been conducted in the UK, France, New Zealand and Australia. Recently the Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health & Society was established. Summary survey results were also made available.

Related Links
ABC News Primetime Live Poll: American Sex Survey

title: Sexual Psychology/Who's Doing What


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User:Angela

I first edited Wikibooks on 10 September 2003. Most of my edits here are moving articles from the English Wikipedia via the transwiki system, especially recipes which I believe better fit the Wikimedia Cookbook than the encyclopedia. As a former developer of student assessments, I am interested in the Wikiversity project. I am also interested in collaborating with related projects.

Languages - Recipes - Reading room - Transwiki - VfD - Boilerplates - Help desk

Wikijunior: Ancient Civilizations – Big Cats – Bugs – Dinosaurs – The Elements – How Things Work – Human Body – Kings and Queens of England – Languages – The Solar System – South America – World War II About Wikijunior >>

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Featured Recipe

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The Wikimedia Foundation is a non-profit organization that depends on donations to operate. If you find Wikibooks or other projects hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation useful, please consider making a donation. Donations are used primarily for purchasing server equipment and launching new projects.
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title: User:Angela


text:
Bullskin

Bullskin can refer to:

 * Bullskin Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania
 * Beverley (West Virginia), a historic property also known as "Bullskin"

title: Bullskin


text:
Russian Revolution/Week 3

Pre-reform Russia
Imperial Russia was a land of peasants, which made up at least 80% of the population. There were two main categories of peasants, those living on state lands and those living on the land of private landowners. Only the latter were serfs. As well as having obligations to the state, they also were obliged to the landowner, who had great power over their lives. By the mid-nineteenth century, less than half of Russian peasants were serfs.

The rural population lived in households (dvory, singular dvor), gathered as villages (derevni, lit. 'wood', larger villages were called selo), run by a mir ('commune', or obshchina) - isolated, conservative, largely self-sufficient and self-governing units scattered across the land every 10 km (6 miles) or so. There were around 20 million dvory in Imperial Russia, four in ten numbering from six to ten people.

Intensely insular, the mir assembly, the skhod (sel'skii skhod), appointed an elder (starosta) and a 'clerk' (pisar) to deal with any external issues. Land and resources were shared within the mir. The fields were divided among the families as nadel - a complex of strip plots, distributed according to the quality of the soil. The strips were periodically redistributed (peredely) within the derevni to produce level economic conditions - albeit at the expense of actual efficiency. Despite this the land was not owned by the mir; the land was the legal property of the 100,000 or so land-owners (dvoryanstvo) and the inhabitants, as serfs, were not allowed to leave the property where they were born. The peasants were duty bound to make regular payments in labour and goods, usually working the land half-and-half for themselves and the land-owner.

The need for urgent reform was well understood in 19th-century Russia, and various projects of emancipation reforms were prepared by Mikhail Speransky, Nikolay Mordvinov, and Pavel Kiselev. Their efforts were, however, thwarted by conservative or reactionary nobility.

Emancipation Manifesto
The liberal politicians who stood behind the 1861 manifesto - Nikolay Milyutin and Yakov Rostovtsev - also recognised that their country was one of a few remaining feudal states in Europe. The pitiful display by Russian forces in the Crimean War left the government acutely aware of the empire's backwardness. Eager to grow and develop industrially, hence military and political strength, there were a number of economic reforms. As part of this the end of serfdom was considered. It was optimistically hoped that after the abolition the mir would dissolve into individual peasant land owners and the beginnings of a market economy.

Alexander, unlike his father, was willing to deal with this problem. Moving on from a petition from the Lithuanian provinces, a committee "for ameliorating the condition of the peasants" was founded and the principles of the abolition considered.

The main point at issue was whether the serfs should remain dependent on the landlords, or whether they should be transformed into a class of independent communal proprietors.

The land-owners initially pushed for granting the peasants freedom but not any land. The tsar and his advisers, mindful of 1848, were opposed to creating a proletariat and the instability this could bring. But giving the peasants freedom and land seemed to leave the existing land-owners without the large and cheap labour-force they needed to maintain their estates.

To 'balance' this, the legislation contained three measures to reduce the potential economic self-sufficiency of the peasants. Firstly a transition period of nine years was introduced, during which the peasant was obligated as before to the old land-owner. Additionally large parts of common land were passed to the major land-owners as otrezki, making many forests, roads and rivers only accessible for a fee. The third measure was that the serfs must pay the land-owner for their allocation of land in a series of redemption payments, which in turn, were used to compensate the landowners with bonds. The total sum would be advanced by the government to the land-owner and then the peasants would repay the money, plus interest, to the government over forty-nine years. Redemption payments were finally cancelled in 1907.

Implementation
Although well planned in the legislation, the reform did not work smoothly.

The land-owners and nobility were paid in government bonds and their debts were removed from the money before it was handed over. The bonds soon fell in value, combined with the generally poor management skills of the land-owners under the new conditions there

Outcome
The legislation neither freed the peasants from excessive external obligation nor greatly reordered their social and economic constraints. The uneven application of the legislation did leave many peasants in Congress Poland and northern Russia both free and landless (batraks), while in other areas peasants became the majority land owners in their province(s).

Questions
Week 3 Questions

Next week's materials
Week 4

title: Russian Revolution/Week 3


text:
Auditorium Theatre, Rochester, NY 1977

Auditorium Theatre, Rochester, NY 1977 is a live album by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, released in August 2017. It is the sixteenth such release by the Bruce Springsteen Archives. The show was recorded on February 8, 1977, at the Auditorium Theatre in Rochester, NY and is one of the first soundboard recordings to surface from the 1977 tour which features early renditions of "Something in the Night", "Rendezvous" and "The Promise" along with the unreleased original "Action in the Streets" featuring the Miami Horns.

The concert is available on CD and digital download at live.brucespringsteen.net. and also as a bundle titled Action in the Streets which also includes Palace Theatre, Albany 1977.

Track listing
All songs by Bruce Springsteen, except where noted.

Main set

 * 1) "Something in the Night" – 2:09
 * 2) "Rendezvous" – 3:31
 * 3) "Spirit in the Night" – 7:32
 * 4) "It's My Life" – 14:23
 * 5) *originally written by Brill Building, Roger Atkins and Carl D'Errico, and recorded by The Animals
 * 6) "Thunder Road" – 6:33
 * 7) "Mona" – 3:28
 * 8) *originally written by Ellas McDaniel, and recorded by Bo Diddley
 * 9) "She's the One" – 5:33
 * 10) "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out" – 3:43
 * 11) "Action in the Streets" – 5:51
 * 12) "Backstreets" – 10:58
 * 13) "Jungleland" – 12:19
 * 14) "Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)" – 13:56
 * 15) "4th of July, Asbury Park (Sandy)" – 7:42
 * 16) "Raise Your Hand" – 4:24
 * 17) *originally written by Steve Cropper, Eddie Floyd, and Al Bell, and recorded by Eddie Floyd
 * 18) "The Promise" – 5:26
 * 19) "Born to Run" – 5:16

Personnel
The E Street Band
 * Bruce Springsteen – lead vocals, electric guitar, harmonica, piano
 * Roy Bittan – piano, backing vocals
 * Clarence Clemons – tenor saxophone, baritone saxophones, percussion, background vocals
 * Garry Tallent – bass guitar
 * Steven Van Zandt – electric guitar, background vocals
 * Danny Federici – organ, glockenspiel, accordion
 * Max Weinberg – drums

Miami Horns
 * Ed De Palma – saxophone
 * John Binkley – trumpet
 * Steve Paraczky – trumpet, flugelhorn
 * Dennis Orlock – trombone

title: Auditorium Theatre, Rochester, NY 1977


text:
habnab

Adjective

 * 1)  Happening randomly.
 * 2) * (As quoted in Wedgwood's Dictionary of English Etymology)

title: habnab