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Kang-i Sun Chang

Kang-i Sun Chang (born Sun K'ang-i, ; 21 February 1944), is a Chinese-American sinologist. She is a scholar of classical Chinese literature. She is the inaugural Malcolm G. Chace Professor, and former chair of the Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures at Yale University.

Early life and education
Sun K'ang-i was born on 21 February 1944 in Beijing. Her father Sun Yü-kuang (孫裕光) was from Tianjin, and her mother Ch'en Yü-chen (陳玉真) was born in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The couple met when they were both studying in Japan, and they later moved to Beijing, where Sun taught at Peking University.

In 1946, Peking University was unable to pay its employees due to hyperinflation. Influenced by his close friend Chang Wo-chün (張我軍), later a leading literary figure and the father of archaeologist Kwang-chih Chang, Sun Yü-kuang decided to follow Chang and move to Taiwan; Kang-i was two years old at the time.

In 1950, Sun was arrested by the Kuomintang (Nationalists) during the White Terror period of Taiwan, and imprisoned for ten years. Kang-i was six years old at the time of her father's arrest. According to her own account, she was traumatized by the event and suddenly lost the ability to speak Mandarin within a few days. From then on, she was only able to speak Taiwanese, and had to relearn Mandarin in school. Throughout her school years she was often laughed at for speaking Mandarin with a heavy Taiwanese accent.

After high school, Sun Kang-i chose to study at Tunghai University instead of the more prestigious National Taiwan University (NTU) because Tunghai's English professors were all Americans. She graduated from Tunghai in 1966 with a B.A. in English literature and a minor in Chinese literature. She then studied for two years at the graduate school of NTU.

In 1968, she moved to the United States, where she studied at Rutgers University in New Jersey, earning a master's degree in library science in 1971. She then enrolled at South Dakota State University, where her husband was a faculty member, receiving an M.A. in English literature in 1972. She was mainly interested in English literature while growing up in Taiwan, and only became truly interested in Chinese literature after moving to the United States. Chang subsequently entered Princeton University, earning her M.A. in classical Chinese literature in 1976, and Ph.D. in 1978, with a minor in comparative literature. Her advisors were Yu-kung Kao, Andrew H. Plaks, F. W. Mote, Earl Miner, and Ralph Freedman.

Career
Chang returned to mainland China for the first time in 1979, and learned that while her father was imprisoned by the Kuomintang in Taiwan, her grandfather Sun Lisheng (孫勵生), who had remained in China, was persecuted by the Communists for his Taiwanese connection, and committed suicide in 1953.

From 1979 to 1980, Chang was a visiting assistant professor of Chinese literature at Tufts University. She then worked as curator of the Gest Library and East Asian Collections at Princeton University. She began teaching at Yale University in July 1982, becoming a tenured associate professor in 1986, and full professor in 1990. She served as chairperson of the Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures from 1991 to 1997, and director of graduate studies for many years.

Inspired by Kwang-chih Chang's autobiography, Kang-i Sun Chang published her own memoir Farewell to the White Terror in 2003. A second edition was published in 2013 under the title Journey Through the White Terror: A Daughter’s Memoir.

In 2004, Cambridge University Press invited Chang to be the chief editor of The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature. She declined the job at first, but later changed her mind, and invited Stephen Owen of Harvard University as co-editor. The two-volume work was published in 2010.

Recognition
In 2012, Chang was awarded the DeVane Medal for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching and Scholarship by the Yale chapter of Phi Beta Kappa.

In 2015, Chang was inducted into American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS) as a lifelong Fellow.

In 2016, Chang was elected as one of the 20 new Academicians of Academia Sinica.

Publications
Source:
 * The Evolution of Chinese Tz'u Poetry: From Late T'ang to Northern Sung (Princeton University Press, 1980).
 * Six Dynasties Poetry (Princeton University Press, 1986).
 * The Late-Ming Poet Ch'en Tzu-lung: Crises of Love and Loyalism (Yale University Press, 1991).
 * Writing Women in Late Imperial China (Stanford University Press, 1997).
 * Feminists Readings: Classical and Modern Perspectives (Taipei: Lianhe wenxu, 1998)
 * Women Writers of Traditional China: An Anthology of Poetry and Criticism, with Haun Saussy and Charles Yim-tze Kwong, eds. (Stanford University Press, 1999).
 * Voices of Literature (Taipei: Sanman, 2001).
 * Challenges of the Literary Canon (Jiangxi: Baihuazhou wenyi Press, 2002).
 * Farewell to the White Terror (Taipei: Asian Culture Press, 2003).
 * The Evolution of Chinese Tz'u Poetry (Peking University Press, 2004).
 * My Thoughts on the American Spirit (Taipei: Jiuge Publishing House, 2006).
 * Tradition and Modernity: Comparative Perspectives, with Meng Hua, eds. (Peking University Press, 2007).
 * Calligraphy of Ch'ung-ho Chang Frankel: Selected Inscriptions (Oxford University Press, 2009).
 * Experiencing Yale (Beijing: Fenghuang Publishing House, 2009).
 * Artistic and Cultural Traditions of the Kunqu Musicians (Guangxi Normal University Press, 2010).
 * Quren Hongzhao, with Ch'ung-ho Chang Frankel. (Taipei: Lianjing Publishing House, 2010)
 * The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature with Stephen Owen, eds. (Cambridge University Press, 2010).
 * Journey Through the White Terror, 2nd edition (National Taiwan University Press, 2013).
 * Modern Perspectives on Classical Chinese Literature (Yiwen Publishing House, 2013).

title: Kang-i Sun Chang


text:
Welty, Oklahoma

Welty is an unincorporated community in Okfuskee County, Oklahoma, United States. Named for the town developer, Edwin A. Welty, its post office was established October 12, 1905, with Jerimiah D. Wilson as the first postmaster.

Welty is south of Bristow and north of Castle on the west side of Oklahoma State Highway 48 off E 960 Rd.

Okemah Lake, southeast of town, features swimming, boating, hunting, fishing, and camping.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Welty, Oklahoma


text:
Cross Valley Corridor

The Cross Valley Corridor is a proposed passenger rail service in the California Central Valley, connecting Visalia, Hanford, Porterville, and surrounding cities to each other and California High-Speed Rail's planned Kings–Tulare Regional Station.

Route
The 80 mi route is proposed to run east–west, mostly along existing tracks. These rights-of way were originally constructed in the 1870s and 1880s by the Southern Pacific Railroad, which founded all the cities along the corridor when it first laid tracks, with the exception of the older city of Visalia. The tracks are currently owned by the Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR), with the San Joaquin Valley Railroad operating on nearly all of the corridor, except for a 1 mi portion of the Union Pacific mainline connecting the eastern and western branches near Goshen.

The specific subdivisions projected for re-use as the CVC are:
 * Hanford Subdivision (owned by UPRR), from Huron to SR 99
 * Goshen Subdivision (UPRR), from SR 99 to Exeter
 * Exeter Subdivision (UPRR), from Exeter to Lindsay
 * Exeter right-of-way (City of Porterville), from Lindsay to Porterville

The projected termini are in Porterville (east) and Huron (west); the route follows SR 198 and SR 65. The easternmost 6 mi of the route between Strathmore and Porterville were abandoned and the tracks pulled up, but the land was purchased by the City of Porterville to preserve the right-of-way.

Phased implementation
In a projected Phase 1 to occur within ten years of opening CAHSR service, existing and new local bus services from cities along the projected CVC route would be coordinated to run to the planned Kings/Tulare high-speed rail station. Phase 2 would replace bus services within 20 years of opening CAHSR for the central portion of CVC, between Lemoore and Visalia, and open a rail maintenance facility in that segment. Phase 3, set to begin more than 20 years after CAHSR, would complete the entire CVC rail service; within Tulare County, bus services would connect the CVC station in Visalia with local communities. The cost of the total project was estimated at US$350 to 489 million, split approximately 50% to Phase 3, 48% to Phase 2, and 2% to Phase 1.

History
Initial studies of a passenger rail service were conducted in the mid-1990s. A Cross Valley Rail Corridor Joint Powers Authority was founded, which raised $14.2 million from government and private sources to resurface the rail corridor in 2002–2003 to accommodate heavier freight traffic, and keep the line in operation in preparation for a passenger rail service. A 2004 study revisited passenger rail plans.

California High-Speed Rail offered $600,000 in funding for a station planning grant including the Cross Valley Corridor, providing that the City of Hanford (which is in Kings County) and Tulare County each provided $100,000 in matching funds. Hanford and Kings County have strongly opposed the high-speed rail project, while Visalia and Tulare County have supported it. In August 2015, the Hanford City Council voted not to spend the funds, but Tulare County officials proceeded with the planning process.

In April 2017, the Tulare County Association of Governments released an existing conditions report. In June 2018, it approved a final plan. The line was included in the 2018 California State Rail Plan as part of the 2040 Vision.

title: Cross Valley Corridor


text:
Wikiversity talk:Page protection templates

Wouldn't it be easier to have someone place it in a subpage of there user page, and make it a rule that people can't edit other peple user pages?--Rayc 01:45, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

I think it's limited in that sometimes you want other people to be able to edit, but only certain people (those specifically involved in the research project in question, perhaps). Also, this wont solve the "deference" issue; someone who's developing a project may feel very frustrated if someone else comes along and completely reshapes the project without their consent. Also, I don't like the wording on the "Scholarly Ethics" template, and don't think it should be required as is, at least. The Jade Knight 01:50, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

 * THat could be page protection template #2; it designates a specific group of allowed editors. --JWSchmidt 01:53, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

Interesting. I think we need to keep in mind the protection templates (as I perceive them) are about configuration management and control. I.E. Allowing learning users to find material acccurately labeled as to trustworthiness and accuracy. I think the review process is ultimately going to require multiple documented reviewers to have any useful meaning but this looks like a good start to begin evolving a better process. The forking and tailoring draft process is related as it is intended to allow disputing groups to separate and evolve separate materials either with different content or orientation or pedagogical style etc. Mirwin 19:41, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

Surely the central concept of a wiki is that anybody can edit any page. By hosting your content at Wikiversity you are effectively making an agreement to let other people edit this content. I think that this rule should only be rescinded in exceptional circumstances. I suggest that contributors who feel they need personal control over the content of pages should consider hosting these pages outside Wikiversity and put links to them on the relevant Wikiversity page. Mystictim 13:59, 10 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Sometimes when a person is engaged in an intellectual exploration their work is fragile and needs protection from others. You can call this "exceptional circumstances" but it is very real and needs to be respected in an environment that is supporting learners. The idea that "anybody can edit any page" is a concept like "perfect circle"; it should be ignored whenever it conflicts with actual human needs. --JWSchmidt 14:28, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Wrong page?
Shouldn't we be dealing with the issue and practice of page protection at Page protection, and leave this page for listing/explaining the templates that we can use for that purpose? Cormaggio talk 20:01, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

Page protection templates is not really supposed to involve custodians.....it is a way for people to restrict who can edit a page "on the honor system", in other words, the custodian tools for page protection do not have to be used....you just put up a template and ask people to not edit a particular page indiscriminately. --JWSchmidt 22:28, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

 * i've tried to clarify this in the article. Please feel free to clean up if you know more and/or can improve this further. Boud 21:41, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

current proposal at wikimedia strategy

 * Proposal: Authoring groups, Erkan Yilmaz uses the Chat (try) 16:48, 21 March 2010 (UTC)


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Wikipedia:Requests for checkuser/Case/Kmaguir1

''The following discussion is preserved as an archive of a Request for checkuser. Please do not modify it .''

Kmaguir1

On-going suspected sock puppet case: Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters feels that Kmaguir1 is a sockpuppet master of Truthseekers because Truthseekers solely made an edit to Michel Foucault to avoid 3RR detection in insertion of homophobic original research. and. I personally do not feel that they are sockpuppets because Kmaguir1 was only blocked for 12 hours on August 6, and Truthseekers edited Michel Foucault on August 11. Need confirmation before blocking, if possible. Iola k ana |T 15:46, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

I have just added Sonofhealfdane, who argues with Kmaguir1 in a good hand/bad hand sock style.--Anthony Krupp 13:39, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * It's alright, no need for further check. I have blocked that user. The account is only being used when necessary and to support the view of the other editors. Iola k ana |T  13:49, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Truthseekers is not a sock, nor a meat. I have no idea what's up with Sonofhealfdane, and support a block, if that is what has been eventuated. Again, check the IP address--I have no way of knowing whether or not it's the same as I did in the first case, but I would imagine it's not (some frat houses share this IP, but they're unlikely to edit on wikipedia). You might also want to try looking at recent simple reverts on pages people are making because I delete one word that is POV and unnecessary, and now they're claiming, I always have to justify on a talk page before I make an edit, which of course, lunacy. We have made numerous contributions, and users like lulu (the foucault), csloat (the hooks), and krupp (the leibniz, of all things) are trolling MY user edits looking for systematic abuse, when there is none. I want a simple a fair edit of all the pages in question. -Kmaguir1 16:43, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The Leibniz edit was fair. See Leibniz talk page and reply to the issues I raised there.--Anthony Krupp 16:54, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Mackensen (talk) 16:57, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the Request for checkuser. Please do not modify it. Subsequent requests related to this user should be made above, in a new section.''


text:
filipendulous

Etymology
From Latin filum ("thread") + pendulus ("hanging").

Adjective

 * 1) Hanging by a thread, or threadlike objects

title: filipendulous


text:
Changing Horses (Incredible String Band album)

Changing Horses is the fifth album by the Scottish psychedelic folk group, the Incredible String Band (ISB), and was released in November 1969 on Elektra Records (see 1969 in music). The album saw the group continuing their use of unique instruments while integrating a standard musical structure. In addition, the album is seen as a transitional period in which the ISB shifted in musical textures, including early utilization of electric-based instruments.

This album also marks the point when the band openly gave up the use of drugs and joined the Church of Scientology. "White Bird" expresses the members' changing views in a shift that would affect the band's musical direction in the next decade. The creative differences between Heron and Williamson also continued with the album. Heron wrote two tracks while Williamson penned four on the album, but, in the first occurrence featured on an ISB album, the two had joint credits on the song, "Dust Be Diamonds". The two, despite being bandmates, typically composed whole tracks individually, so as to maintain their own separate musical identity. As they progressed, the two began to have influence on another's compositions, specifically the instrumental arrangements. They also confirmed their partners Licorice McKechnie and Rose Simpson had upheld larger roles in the band. This, along with the album cover, assembled the official quartet.

The album is dominated by two lengthy tracks, "White Bird", by Mike Heron, and "Creation", by Robin Williamson. The two songs comprise more than half of the 50 minute length of the album; lyrics are given only for the pair of songs. Changing Horses comes after the success the band achieved in 1968 with their albums, The Hangman's Beautiful Daughter and Wee Tam and the Big Huge. The ISB was one of the top folk groups in the UK, and, despite respectable chart listings, the album was generally received as a disappointment in comparison to the band's earlier work. Still, "Creation" and "White Bird" are deemed to be instrumental, and lyrical highlights of the band's music catalogue as they displayed several of the group's strengths.

Background
The Incredible String Band spent much of 1969 touring in the UK and the United States. Now a four-piece band, with McKechnie and Simpson officially in the fold, the ISB improved in their communication with their audience, an aspect they attempted to improve upon after their conversion to Scientology. The band undertook extensive studies of spirituality and philosophy as a way of self-analyzing themselves, and their religious conversion was a part of the process. Changing Horses reflected upon these developments and their abstinence from the use of drugs, which did not change the group's complexity, but the structure differed from the Wee Tam album. Wee Tam, and earlier efforts, had a basis of producing compositions where the message would vary, depending on the individual's perception of it, while Changing Horses established more coherent tracks with an almost specified meaning. The album, in some sorts, is noted as the band's transitional period from psychedelic folk to British folk rock, and even early progressive rock influences. On the album's tracks, the electric guitar was involved in the proceedings. This trend came full circle for the band in recordings of the following decade. The group, despite all the changes, still held some aspects of the counter-culture such as their way of communal living at their farmhouse in Pembrokeshire. As Heron later confirmed, "the album which marked our conversion, if you will, was Changing Horses".

Joe Boyd, the band's longtime record producer, returned for the album. Boyd was flexible with the group's creative development, and rarely interfered with their process. His approach to the ISB's output was to allow them to decide what material appeared on the final product as Boyd, who also produced other extravagant acts like Fairport Convention and Nick Drake, encouraged unique musical compositions. Williamson later praised Boyd saying, "He used to just sort of get you in there. And if you said to him, 'Well I would like such and such' he would get it for you. But otherwise, just let you get on with it". Boyd, noticing the group's change and potential faults, attempted to intervene, but, in the end, continued allowing the band to develop their new concepts. Another major production member was John Wood, sound engineer at Sound Techniques. The studio initially included only basic recording equipment not yet able to showcase the band's full musical inventiveness. By their third album, the facilities held 16-tracks, allowing the group to overdub and jump tracks to generate their multi-instrumental sound.

Recording took place on an intermittent basis in between gaps in the ISB's summer touring schedule. Much of their recording was completed in Sound Techniques, except for "Big Ted", which was recorded in New York City. Lyrically, the compositions went in the same vein as earlier developments regarding perceptions and interpretations of life, religion, and mythology. That concept was altered slightly by the band's conversion to their new religion as they were consciously aware of creating effective communication. The recordings had an added sense of accessibility that served as a contrast to their more complex takes on themes in the group's previous compositions. Instrumentally, the band still utilized exotic instruments derived from eastern and African influences that were most evident on the album's two longest tracks. Complexity, too, highlighted the instrumentals though the multi-tracking was not as heavily employed or necessary as on past efforts.

With McKechnie and Simpson sharing larger roles in the band, they too were performing, instrumentally, along with their backing vocals duties. Another surprising development resulting from the album was Simpson's emergence as a prominent member in the sessions after improving upon her capability on the bass guitar. Prior to the recording of Changing Horses, Simpson was not credited as a bass player on a single track. On this album, however, Simpson was featured as playing the bass guitar on every composition that included instruments. McKechnie, for that reason, dealt with several different instruments in order to retain a presence in the studio. Two guest musicians and close associates with the ISB, Ivan Pawle and Walter Gundy, appear on the album, contributing to "Big Ted" and "Creation", respectively. Several non-vinyl compositions were also produced during recording sessions. Two tracks, "Veshengro" and "All Writ Down", later appeared on the Be Glad for the Song Has No Ending soundtrack in 1971, but numerous songs have yet to be released officially.

Release
Changing Horses was released on the Elektra label (catalogue number EKS-74057 on stereo, Y8K8 42037 on 8-track) in November 1969. The cover photo by Janet Shankman (Williamson's future wife) featured all four band members, for the first time as a group, perched in a tree, grinning, to express a lighter mood. The album's back cover offered lyrics to "Creation", and individual song credits. Inside there is original artwork by Williamson on the left side, and Heron on the right. Lyrics for "White Bird" are assorted into Heron's artwork. A single, "Big Ted" b/w "All Writ Down", was released to the UK a month prior to the album's release, but failed to chart. The "Big Ted" song featured on the single was an edited version of the album track. Single releases were a relatively rare occurrence for the band who only issued two others up to that point. The album was more financially successful than its predecessor, and on the UK Albums Charts it peaked at number 30 before dropping off the charts in a week. In the US it reached number 166 on the Billboard 200, spending three weeks on the charts. Despite the band's effort to experiment musically, it has been cited that Changing Horses was a missed opportunity after their public media exposure at the Woodstock Festival earlier in the year.

Reissues
Changing Horses was reissued to the UK by Hannibal Records on its first compact disc release in 1993. The CD version included a 16-page liner note booklet, along with a complete set of lyrics for all the tracks. In September 2002, a single disc distributed by Collector's Choice Records featured the album along with the band's 1970 album, I Looked Up. Two further re-releases were issued in the US and Japan on September 20, 2006.

Single

 * "Big Ted" b/w "All Writ Down" (Elektra 45074) October 1969, UK

Personnel

 * Robin Williamson — lead vocals (1, 3-6), acoustic guitar (5, 6), piano (1), flute (2), sarangi (2), chinese banjo (2), electric guitar (3), Hammond organ (3), gimbri (6), violin (6), percussion (1, 2, 3, 5), backing vocals (2)
 * Mike Heron — lead vocals (2, 4), acoustic guitar (2, 3), electric guitar (1, 5), piano (1), vibraphone (3), sitar (6), mandolin (6), percussion (5, 6), backing vocals (1, 5, 6)
 * Licorice McKechnie — lead vocals (4), Hammond organ (2, 3, 5), kazoo (3, 6), guitar (1), percussion (6), backing vocals (1, 2, 5, 6)
 * Rose Simpson — lead vocals (4), bass guitar (1-3, 5, 6), percussion (6), backing vocals (1, 2, 5, 6)

Additional musicians

 * Walter Gundy — harmonica (1)
 * Ivan Pawle — Hammond organ and piano (6) (appears courtesy of Dr. Strangely Strange)


text:
Eastland Company

The Eastland Company, or North Sea Company, was an English Crown-chartered company, founded in 1579 to foster trade with Scandinavia and Baltic Sea states. Like the better-known Russia Company, this was an attempt by the English to challenge the Hanseatic League's dominance in the commerce of Northern and Central Europe.

Charter
Its charter was dated in 1579. By the first article, the company was erected into a body politic, under the title of the Company of Merchants of the East; to consist of Englishmen, all practicing merchants, who have trafficked through the sound, before the year 1568, into Norway, Sweden, Poland, Livonia, Prussia, Pomerania, etc., and likewise Revel, Königsberg, Dantzic, Copenhagen, etc., excepting Narva, Muscovy, and its dependencies. Most of the following articles granted them the usual prerogatives of such companies, including a seal, governor, courts, laws, etc.

The company's charter was confirmed by Charles II in 1661, with this addition; that no person of what quality soever, living in London, should be admitted a member unless he were free of the city. Many members of the Eastland Company were prominent English merchants in York, among them Thomas Herbert, Charles Micklethwaite, Christopher Topham, Matthew Topham and Percival Levett.

Specific privileges
The privileges specific to this company, compared to other English companies of the time, were:

 * That none shall be admitted a member, who is already a member of another company, nor any retail dealer at all.
 * That no qualified merchant be admitted without paying 6 pounds 13 shillings 6 pence.
 * That a member of another company, desiring to renounce the privileges thereof, and to be received into that of the East, shall be admitted gratis, provided that he procures the same favor for a merchant of the East, willing to fill his place.
 * That the Merchant Adventurers who never dealt in the East, in the places expressed in the charter, may be received as members of the company on paying 40 marks. That notwithstanding this union of the Adventurers of England with the Company of the East, each shall retain its rights and privileges.
 * That they shall export no cloths but what are dyed and pressed; except 100 pieces every year, which are allowed them gratis.

Trade Act 1672
The company performed poorly however, and resulted in most of the Baltic trade being in the hands of Dutch competitors. In 1672 Parliament passed the Trade Act 1672 (25 Cha.II c.7), entitled An Act for the incouragement of the Greeneland and Eastland Trades, and for the better secureing [sic] the Plantation Trade. The act was a mortal blow to the Eastland company. Under sections 8 and 9 of the act and notwithstanding the company's charter, Parliament opened up free trade to Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, and allowed any Englishman to be admitted into the Eastland Company on paying only 40 shillings.

Crest
The company's crest featured a creature called an allocamelus, a mythical beast which members of the company reported seeing, though Parker's Heraldry notes that it was only members of this company which reported sightings of it.

title: Eastland Company


text:
etcétera

Adverb

 * 1)  and so on

Etymology
From the Latin expression (and stuff, and the rest of the things).

Adverb

 * 1) et cetera, and so on

Noun

 * 1) long list

title: etcétera


text:
User:Hallward's Ghost/John Henry Lloyd

John Henry "Pop" Lloyd (April 25, 1884 – March 19, 1964), nicknamed "El Cuchara", was an American baseball shortstop and manager in the Negro leagues. He is generally considered the greatest shortstop in Negro league history, and Babe Ruth reportedly believed Lloyd to be the greatest baseball player ever.

He was a heavy hitter, usually batting cleanup during his prime, but also knew how to play "inside baseball," and was an expert place-hitter and bunter. Lloyd was also a renowned shortstop, ranked by most experts as second only to Dick Lundy among black shortstops before integration, and was referred to as the "Black Wagner," a reference to Pittsburgh Pirates Hall-of-Famer Honus Wagner. (On Lloyd, Wagner said "It's an honor to be compared to him.")

Known for his gentlemanly conduct, Lloyd was probably the most sought-after African-American player of his generation. "Wherever the money was, that's where I was," he once said. His career record bears this out, showing him constantly moving from team to team.

Early life
Lloyd is thought to have been born in Palatka, Florida. He was a descendant of slaves and his father had died when Lloyd was a baby.

Lloyd's maternal grandmother, Maria Jenkins, raised him in Jacksonville. Jenkins had lived in Jacksonville prior to moving to Palatka. The return to Jacksonville may have been prompted by a great fire that had damaged businesses and changed the overall economic situation in Palatka. Before Lloyd had completed elementary school, he had to go to work full-time. Early on, he delivered items for a grocery store, then he became a railroad porter.

Early career
Lloyd began his professional baseball career in 1905, playing catcher for the Acmes of Macon, Georgia. He played second base with the Cuban X Giants of Philadelphia in 1906. He acquired the nickname "El Cuchara", which translates to "The Shovel" or "The Tablespoon", a reference to his ability to field batted balls.

The following season, Sol White signed him for the X Giants' archrivals, the Philadelphia Giants, and moved him to shortstop, where he would remain through the bulk of his career. Sportswriters Harry Daniels and Jimmy Smith both named Lloyd to their 1909 "All American Team" saying he "is a wonder at fielding and hitting, also a fair base runner."

In 1910, Lloyd accepted Rube Foster's invitation to join the Chicago Leland Giants, where he anchored a team that Foster described as the greatest of all time. He rejoined White on the newly organized Lincoln Giants in 1911, batting .475 against all competition.

Lloyd took over as player-manager for 1912 and 1913, and in the latter year the Lincolns defeated the Chicago American Giants in a playoff series to become the undisputed champions of black baseball.

In 1914, Lloyd travelled west again to play for the American Giants. He split the 1915 season between the New York-based Lincoln Stars and the American Giants, then spent all of 1916 and 1917 with Foster's team. In 1918, Lloyd served as player manager of the Brooklyn Royal Giants, leaving the club early to work for the Army Quartermaster Depot in Chicago. 1919 saw him join the Bacharach Giants of Atlantic City, then 1920 found him back with the Royal Giants.

Later career
In 1921, he was hired to organize a new team in Foster's young Negro National League. Lloyd's Columbus Buckeyes were not a notable success, however, on the field or in the box office, finishing seventh in a field of eight, and folded upon season's end. The following year, Lloyd was back in the east managing the Bacharach Giants, who had moved to New York City.

When the Eastern Colored League was formed in 1923, Ed Bolden hired Lloyd to manage the Hilldale Club. Lloyd brought home the first ECL pennant by a wide margin, guiding Hilldale to a 32–17 league record. He did not get along with Bolden and was suspended in early September and fired at the end of the season. In 1924, Lloyd returned to the Bacharachs, now based again in Atlantic City. With the brilliant young shortstop Dick Lundy on the roster, the 40-year-old Lloyd moved himself to second base. He hit .444 to win the 1924 ECL batting title, at one point reeling off 11 straight base hits. The Bacharachs, however, were merely average under Lloyd during his two years there, finishing fourth both seasons (with records of 30–29 and 26–27).

The Lincoln Giants, who had finished in last place in 1925, hired Lloyd to manage them for 1926. They improved to fifth (19–22), then played 1927 and most of 1928 as an independent club. It was during the latter season that Lloyd moved himself to first base, while enjoying a fine season at the plate, batting .402 against top black clubs. In 1929, the Lincolns compiled the second-best overall record (40–26) in the American Negro League. Lloyd finished up his career managing the Bacharach Giants in 1931–32, and upon his retirement settled permanently in Atlantic City.

Lloyd had played extensively in Cuba, beginning with a 1907 visit to Havana by the Philadelphia Giants. Altogether he spent twelve seasons in the Cuban League from 1908/09 to 1930, batting .329 for his career, and playing on three championship teams (Habana in 1912 and Almendares in 1924/25 and 1925/26). In Cuba he was called La Cuchara, "The Spoon," either due to his practice of scooping up ground balls, or because of his prominent chin.

According to the historian John Holway, Lloyd batted .337 (970 hits in 2881 at bats) in the Negro leagues. According to a recent study sponsored by the National Baseball Hall of Fame that covers the organized (post-1920) Negro leagues, Lloyd batted .343 with a .450 slugging percentage.

Later life
After his professional playing days, Lloyd lived in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He was a player-coach for the semiprofessional Atlantic City Johnson Stars until 1942. The team was named after politico Nucky Johnson and was later known as the Farley Stars after powerful state senator Frank S. Farley. (Farley had driven the creation of Atlantic City's Pop Lloyd Field to gain support from the city's large black population.) Lloyd could not run well by that time and he shifted to playing first base, but a former teammate said that he was still able to hit line drives.

Lloyd was a janitor for the Atlantic City School System, including Atlantic City High School. Though he did not have any children, Lloyd became a popular coach in the local youth baseball league. He died in 1964.

Legacy
Lloyd was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1977. Lloyd was nominated, along with several athletes and other public figures, for induction into the New Jersey Hall of Fame in 2014. However, basketball player Patrick Ewing was the only sportsperson inducted.

title: User:Hallward's Ghost/John Henry Lloyd


text:
hibernal

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to winter; brumal or hiemal

Translations

 * Belarusian: зімо́вы, зі́мні
 * Bulgarian: зимен
 * Finnish:, talvi-
 * Georgian: ზამთრის, ზამთრული,
 * German: hibernal
 * Polish:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Ukrainian: ,

Etymology
, from.

Etymology
, from.

title: hibernal


text:
Talk:Internet Technologies/Domain names

While I applaud your citation of various RFCs, please use the IETF RFC Repository.

--Eibwen 05:46, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Internet Technologies/Domain names


text:
Talk:Nelson Morgan

External links modified (February 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Nelson Morgan. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100619154146/http://ieee.org/membership_services/membership/fellows/alphabetical/mfellows.html to http://www.ieee.org/membership_services/membership/fellows/alphabetical/mfellows.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:00, 15 February 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nelson Morgan


text:
User:MSouvik01

Today is Monday, July 29, 2024

Welcome to MSouvik01 's user page. This user edits WIKIPEDIA in 3 Languages: This user has Extended confirmed rights on the English Wikipedia.
 * English
 * Bangla
 * Malay

“When the sky breaks apart And when the stars fall, scattering, And when the seas are erupted And when the graves are scattered A soul will [then] know what it has put forth and kept back.”   - [Al Infitar 1-5]
 * Al Quran :

$$E=mc^2$$
 * Mass-energy equivalence formula:

E = Energy (J) m = mass (kg) c = speed of light (299,792,458 m/s) -Albert Einstein

 * About me (Userboxes):

Discussion
Leave a message in my talk page for any discussion about my edits.

title: User:MSouvik01


text:
GENtle/Alignments

The alignment module displays alignments of DNA and amino acid sequences. It can be invoked through Tools/Alignment or Ctrl-G.

Settings dialog
The settings dialog will be invoked upon starting the module, or through the "settings" button in the toolbar. The sequences to align, their order, and the alignment algorithm and its parameters can be chosen here. The following algorithms are available: Caveat : Clicking OK in this dialog will recalculate the alignment; the previous alignment and all manual changes made to it will be lost.

Toolbar
Several functions and display options can be invoked in the tool bar:
 * Enter sequence
 * Open sequence
 * Save sequence
 * Print sequence
 * Settings
 * Horizontal mode
 * Middle mouse button function

View menu
Some display options can be combined with each other: Some of them exclude one another: Some other display options are planned, but not implemented as of now.
 * Bold (shows characters in bold)
 * Mono (black-and-white mode)
 * Conserved (shows characters that match the one in the first line as dots)
 * Identity (toggles the "identity" line)
 * Normal (shows colored text on white background)
 * Inverted (shows white text on colored background)

Sequence display
The sequence map can be altered through the context menu. These changes will only alter the display, not recalculate the alignment.
 * Lines can be moved up or down
 * Features for each line can be shown or hidden. By default, features for the first line are shown, features of the other lines are hidden.
 * Gaps can be inserted or deleted, in this line, or all except this line. One of these four possible functions is additionally assigned to the middle mouse button; this setting can be changed in the toolbar.
 * A double click on a character ( not on a gap) opens the "source" window for that sequence (if available), marks and shows the position that was clicked in the alignment. This can be helpful for checking a sequencing.
 * Sequences can be marked across multiple lines, then formatted via the Appearance context menu.

Sequences can not be edited within the alignment module. For that, you will have to edit the original sequence, then re-run the alignment.

title: GENtle/Alignments


text:
Introduction to Paleoanthropology/Modern Humans/Population Variation

One of the notable characteristics of the human species today is its great variability. Human diversity has long fascinated people, but unfortunately it also has led to discrimination. In this chapter we will attempt to address the following questions:
 * What are the causes of physical variability in modern animals?
 * Is the concept of race useful for studying human physical variation?
 * Are there differences in intelligence from one population to another?

Variation and evolution
Human genetic variation generally is distributed in such a continuous range, with varying clusters of frequency.
 * Ex. Our hair is curly or straight, our skin is lightly to heavily pigmented, and in height we range from short to tall.

The significance we give our variations, the way we perceive them (in fact, whether or not we perceive them at all) is determined by our culture.

Many behavioral traits are learned or acquired by living in a society; other characteristics, such as blue eyes, are passed on physically by heredity. Environment affects both.

The physical characteristics of both populations and individuals are a product of the interaction between genes and environments.
 * Ex. One's genes predispose one to a particular skin color, but the skin color one actually has is strongly affected by environmental factors such as the amount of solar radiation.

For most characteristics, there are within the gene pool of Homo sapiens variant forms of genes, known as alleles.
 * In the color of an eye, the shape of a hand, the texture of skin, many variations can occur.

This kind of variability, found in many animal species, signifies a rich potential for new combinations of characteristics in future generations. A species faced with changing environmental conditions has within its gene pool the possibility of producing individuals with traits appropriate to its altered life. Many may not achieve reproductive success, but those whose physical characteristics enable them to do well in the new environment will usually reproduce, so that their genes will become more common in subsequent generations. Thus, humankind has been able to occupy a variety of environments.

A major expansion into new environments was under way by the time Homo erectus appeared on the scene. Populations of this species were living in Africa, Southeast Asia, Europe and China. The differentiation of animal life is the result of selective pressures that, through the Pleistocene, differed from one region to another. Coupled with differing selective pressures were geographical features that restricted or prevented gene flow between populations of different faunal regions.
 * Ex. The conditions of life were quite different in China, which lies in the temperate zone, than they were in tropical Southeast Asia.

Genetic variants will be expressed in different frequencies in these geographically dispersed populations.
 * Ex. In the Old World, populations of Homo sapiens living in the tropics have a higher frequency of genes for dark skin than do those living in more northerly regions.

In blood type, H. sapiens shows four distinct groups (A, B, O or AB):
 * The frequency of the O allele is highest in Native Americans, especially among some populations native to South America;
 * The highest frequencies of the allele for Type A tend to be found among certain European populations;
 * The highest frequencies of the B allele are found in some Asian populations.

The Meaning of Race
Early anthropologists tried to explore the nature of human species by systematically classifying H. sapiens into subspecies or races, based on geographic location and physical features such as skin color, body size, head shape and hair texture. Such classifications were continually challenged by the presence of individuals who did not fit the categories.

The fact is, generalized references to human types such as "Asiatic" or "Mongoloid", "European" or "Caucasoid", and "African" or "Negroid" were at best mere statistical abstractions about populations in which certain physical features appeared in higher frequencies than in other populations.
 * No example of "pure" racial types could be found.

These categories turned out to be neither definitive nor particularly helpful. The visible traits were found to occur not in abrupt shifts from population to population, but in a continuum that changed gradually. Also one trait might change gradually over a north-south gradient, while another might show a similar change from east to west.
 * Human skin color becomes progressively darker as one moves from northern Europe to central Africa, while blood type B becomes progressively more common as one moves from western to eastern Europe.

Race as a biological concept
To understand why the racial approach to human variation has been so unproductive, we must first understand the race concept in strictly biological terms.

In biology, a race is defined as a population of a species that differs in the frequency of different variants of some gene or genes from other populations of the same species. Three important things to note about this definition:
 * it is arbitrary. There is no agreement on how many genetic differences it takes to make a race. For some, different frequencies in the variants of one gene are sufficient; for others, differences in frequencies involving several genes were necessary. The number of genes and precisely which ones are the more important for defining races are still open to debate;
 * it does not mean that any race has exclusive possession of any particular variant of any gene or genes. In human terms, the frequency of the allele for blood group O may be high in one population and low in another, but it is present in both. Races are genetically "open", meaning that gene flow takes place between them. Thus one can easily see the fallacy of any attempt to identify "pure" races: if gene flow cannot take place between two populations, either directly or indirectly through intermediate populations, then they are not races, but are separate species;
 * individuals of one race will not necessarily be distinguishable from those of another. In fact, the differences between individuals within a population are generally greater than the differences between populations.

The concept of human races
As a device for understanding physical variation in humans, the biological race concept has serious drawbacks:
 * the category is arbitrary, which makes agreement on any given classification difficult, if not impossible. For example, if one researcher emphasizes skin color, while another emphasizes blood group differences, they will not classify people in the same way. What has happened is that human populations have grown in the course of human evolution, and with this growth have come increased opportunities for contact and gene flow between populations. Since the advent of food production, the process has accelerated as higher birth rates and periodic food shortages have prompted the movement of farmers from their homelands to other places;
 * things are complicated even more because humans are so complicated genetically;
 * "race" exists as a cultural, as well as a biological, category. In various ways, cultures define religious, linguistic and ethnic groups as races, thereby confusing linguistic and cultural traits with physical traits;
 * to make the matter even worse, this confusion of social with biological factors is frequently combined with attitudes (racism) that are then taken as excuses to exclude whole categories of people from certain roles or positions in society. In the United States, for example, the idea of race originated in the 18th century to refer to the diverse peoples - European settlers, conquered Indians, and Africans imported as slaves - that were brought together in colonial North America. This racial worldview assigned some groups to perpetual low status on the basis of their supposedly biological inferiority, while access to privilege, power and wealth was reserved for favored groups of European descent.

There has been a lot of debate not just about how many human races there may be, but about what "race" is and is not. Often forgotten is the fact that a race, even if it can be defined biologically, is the result of the operation of evolutionary process. Because it is these processes rather than racial categories themselves in which we are really interested, most anthropologists have abandoned the race concept as being of no particular utility. Instead, they prefer to study the distribution and significance of specific, genetically based characteristics, or else the characteristics of small breeding populations that are, after all, the smallest units in which evolutionary change occurs.

Physical variables
Not only have attempts to classify people into races proven counterproductive, it has also become apparent that the amount of genetic variation in humans is relatively low, compared to that of other primate species.

Nonetheless, human biological variation is a fact of life, and physical anthropologists have learned a great deal about it. Much of it is related to climatic adaptation. A correlation has been noted between body build and climate:
 * Generally, people native to regions with cold climates tend to have greater body bulk (not to be equated with fat) relative to their extremities (arms and legs) than do people native to regions with hot climates, who tend to be long and slender. Interestingly, these differences show up as early as the time of Homo erectus.

Certain body builds are better suited to particular living conditions than others.
 * People with larger body bulk and shorter extremities may suffer more from summer heat than someone whose extremities are long and whose body is slender. But they will conserve needed body heat under cold conditions. The reason is that a bulky body tends to conserve more heat than a less bulky one, since it has less surface relative to volume;
 * People living in hot, open country, by contrast, benefit from a body build that can get rid of excess heat quickly so as to keep from overheating; for this, long extremities and a slender body, which increase surface area relative to volume, are advantageous.

Anthropologists have also studied such body features as nose, eye shape, hair textures and skin color in relation to climate.
 * Ex. Subject to tremendous variation, skin color is a 	function of four factors: transparency or thickness of the skin, distribution of blood vessels, and amount of carotene and melanin in a given area of skin. Exposure to sunlight increases the amount of melanin, darkening the skin. Natural selection has favored heavily pigmented skin as protection against the strong solar radiation of equatorial latitudes. In northern latitudes, natural selection has favored relatively depigmented skins, which can utilize relatively weak solar radiation in the production of Vitamin D. Selective mating, as well as geographical location, plays a part in skin color distribution.

Continuing human biological evolution
In the course of their evolution, humans in all parts of the world came to rely on cultural rather than biological adaptation for their survival. Nevertheless, as they spread beyond their tropical homeland into other parts of the world, they did develop considerable physical variation from one population to another.

The forces responsible for this include:
 * genetic drift, especially at the margins of their range where small populations were isolated for varying amounts of time;
 * biological adaptation to differing climates.

Although much of this physical variation can still be seen in human populations today, the increasing effectiveness of cultural adaptation has often reduced its importance. Cultural practices today are affecting the human organism in important, often surprising, ways.

The probability of alterations in human biological makeup induced by culture raises a number of important questions. By trying to eliminate genetic variants, are we weakening the gene pool by allowing people with hereditary diseases and defects to reproduce? Are we reducing chances for genetic variation by trying to control population size? We are not sure of the answers to these questions.


text:
infiltrare

Verb

 * 1)  to infiltrate (something or someone)

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) infiltration

title: infiltrare


text:
Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2012 July 12

Template:Casa Productions

The result of the discussion was delete Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 03:53, 20 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Casa Productions

production company with only one artist. Frietjes (talk) 23:34, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom; WP:NENAN.  Gongshow  Talk 13:38, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

Template:Caribbeanart

The result of the discussion was delete Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 03:32, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Caribbeanart

provides no actual navigation. Frietjes (talk) 23:26, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete. Navbox does not appear useful; virtually all redlinks.  Gongshow  Talk 13:39, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

Template:Raju Sundaram

The result of the discussion was delete Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 03:54, 20 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Raju Sundaram

only one film. Frietjes (talk) 20:15, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom; only one film directed to date.  Gongshow  Talk 13:41, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

Template:Steven Saylor

The result of the discussion was delete Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 03:54, 20 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Steven Saylor

don't need a navbox here since all the articles are already well connected. Frietjes (talk) 17:08, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete - A navbox isn't needed for a subject with only 3 related internal links.—Yutsi Talk/  Contributions  ( 偉特 ) 17:33, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Template:Stn lst map

The result of the discussion was delete Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 03:33, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Stn lst map

unused. Frietjes (talk) 17:06, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Template:Yeardley

The result of the discussion was delete Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 03:31, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Yeardley

navigates nothing. Frietjes (talk) 16:45, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Strong delete - A useless navbox.—Yutsi Talk/  Contributions  ( 偉特 ) 17:35, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete per above; navbox appears useless.  Gongshow  Talk 13:36, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

Template:The Krusty Krab

The result of the discussion was delete Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 03:31, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * The Krusty Krab

This is currently a single-use template. It is only used on the Krusty Krab article. I suggest we subst and delete. Like in other similar templates that were deleted, WP:NFCC rule#9 prohibits putting a fair use image directly into the template namespace, and thus prevents such a fair use image in this infobox. Zzyzx11 (talk) 03:27, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Subst and delete per nom -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:06, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * this is why we have Infobox fictional business. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:01, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Subst and delete per nom and <IP_ADDRESS>.—Yutsi Talk/  Contributions  ( 偉特 ) 17:36, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment Is this the reason why it's being discussed for deletion? Because it's only used for one atricle? This isn't the only template that is used on just one article. Template:Big Brother UK sidebar is only used for BBUK and Template:Big Brother U.S. sidebar is only used for BBUS. Unreal7 (talk) 16:26, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * seems like it is being discussed for deletion since there is already another perfectly applicable infobox for this purpose, namely infobox fictional business. also, since we cannot have non-fair use templates in template space, this fixes the issue by putting the image directly in the article. in the other two cases you cited, those are sidebars, not infoboxes. although, there are also single use infoboxes out there but that would be WP:OTHERSTUFF. Frietjes (talk) 16:50, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * This is a pointless discussion. Unreal7 (talk) 18:42, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * to have a template deleted, we need to have a discussion, unless you are going to tag it with db-author. it appears your other two examples have now been nominated for deletion as well. Frietjes (talk) 16:05, 17 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (1978 book)

Encyclopedia of Science Fiction is a 1978 book of essays about the science fiction genre, largely as a literary form but also covering cinema, TV and illustration.

Articles and Content
The articles were written by a number of well known writers, critics, and editors, covering a number of topics, including the history of the genre, alien encounters, technology, and sci-fi art and cinema. The consultant editor was fantasy and science fiction author Robert Holdstock who also contributed a chapter on modern perceptions of science fiction. The foreword was written by Isaac Asimov. Other notable contributors include novelists Brian Stableford, Harry Harrison, and Christopher Priest, the editor and publisher Malcolm Edwards, and the astronomer Patrick Moore. The book also contained a number of lavish full colour illustrations, often featuring magazine and novel cover art by artists such as Melvyn Grant, Kelly Freas, Joe Petagno and Chris Foss. The cover art was by the artist Tony Roberts.

Legacy
In a 1995 article in Utopian Studies, critic Nicholas Ruddick, comparing the book to its contemporary, The Visual Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (1977), described both books as having "both stood up well as multi-authored visual encyclopedias - that it is they both contain striking pictorial spreads." The book has also been cited in other academic publications such as The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians , Modern Fiction Studies , and American Studies International.


text:
User:Focusis

Hello
I'm Aaron and I live in South Korea. I'm also an aspiring Wikipedia editor who is astonished by a breadth of knowledge it covers. So what is Wikipedia?

I believe Wikipedia is a place where people from diverse backgrounds share their knowledge and help enlighten each other.

title: User:Focusis


text:
Sweet Sue

Sweet Sue may refer to:

 * Sweet Sue (comic strip), a British comic strip by Bill Ritchie
 * Sweet Sue (play), a 1986 play by A. R. Gurney
 * "Sweet Sue, Just You", a 1928 jazz song
 * Sweet Sue, a brand of canned meats owned by Bumble Bee Foods specializing in chicken

title: Sweet Sue


text:
Talk:Deniz Çınar

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Deniz Çınar. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20121221162527/http://www.gsb.gov.tr/londra2012/site/sporcular.asp?nameid=357 to http://www.gsb.gov.tr/londra2012/site/sporcular.asp?nameid=357

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:09, 8 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Deniz Çınar


text:
1945–46 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team

The 1945–46 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team represented the University of Buffalo during the 1945–46 NCAA college men's basketball season. The head coach was Robert Harrington, coaching his first season with the Bulls.


text:
User:Mtpascoe/sandbox

Darci Lynne born October 12, 2004) is a ventriloquist, comedian, and singer from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Darci was the winner of season twelve of America's Got Talent, claiming the $1,000,000 prize which will include headlining her own show in Las Vegas. For her performance, she did the Beatles song, "A Little Help From My Friends". Then the following night during the finale show, it was revealed that Darci received 52 million votes. Then host Tyra Banks announced singing ventriloquist Darci Lynne was season 12 winner of NBC's America's Got Talent. . She was overcome with emotion and started to cry. She hugged her puppet Petunia, then her two brothers ran on stage and congratulated their now famous sister.

Lynne became the third female act to win America’s Got Talent in 12 seasons as well as the third ventriloquist over all, the second in two years. Terry Fator who won on season 2 was the first followed by Paul Zerdin in 2015.

Early life
Darci Lynne Farmer lives in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. She was born on October 12, 2004. rowing up, Farmer loved to sing, but she was shy and was afraid to perform in front of an audience. Her parents encouraged her to overcome her shyness by participating in the International Cinderella Scholarship Program where she was crowned International Mini Miss. At that pageant she also met International Teen titleholder, Laryssa Bonacquisti, a young ventriloquist who inspired the shy Darci Lynne Farmerto try ventriloquism herself. She fell in love with it and decided to give ventriloquism a try. She is self taught and would practice her ABC's without moving her lips. She then asked her parents, Clark and Misty Farmer, for a puppet. She sold them on the idea by insisting that it would overcome her shyness. On her tenth birthday she got her wish when her parents presented her with a puppet. Darci's idol is past America's Got Talent winner Terry Fator. She was inspired by him. Because ventriloquism is not very common, the once shy Darci made a commitment that she personally wanted to keep the art of ventriloquism alive.

In 2014, she entered Edmond's Got Talent where she won first prize after a month's preparation on Bonacquisti's tips. Since then she has worked with ventriloquy coach Gary Owen and vocal teacher Tiana Plemons. In 2016, Darci Lynne has made many appearance on Little Big Shots (U.S.). Then in early 2017, she competed on Little Big Shots UK (both on episode 4 of season 1 of those series).

Audition
On May 30, 2017, when shy Darci Lynne walked on stage of Episode 1201 with her puppet Petunia, her quiet demeanor was replaced with a fabulous rendition of George Gershwin's "Summertime". When Darci herself tried to cut in, her rabbit puppet Petunia, covered her mouth and continued to "wow" the audience. Judge Mel B was so moved by her performance that she pressed her Golden Buzzer. With golden confetti streaming down, Darci Lynne's life changed forever and she went straight to the Quarterfinals.

Quarterfinals
Darci Lynne's first presentation after her Golden Buzzer performance was in Episode 1211. This time she brought out puppet Oscar who sang The Jackson 5's "Who's Lovin' You". Judges Howie Mandel, Mel B, Heidi Klum, and Simon Cowell rose to their feet and gave Darci a standing ovations. She received enough votes to move onto the Semifinals in Episode 1212.

Semifinals
At the Semifinals, Episode 1217 Darci Lynne's belted out Aretha Franklin's "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman". (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman", and serenaded judge Mel B with her shy, stuttering Motown mouse puppet, Oscar, performing "Who's Lovin' You". This time with the flirtatious puppet Edna Doorknocker. All the while giving goo goo eyes to Judge Simon Cowell. All of the judges gave Darci and Edna a standing ovations. Darci received enough votes to advance to the Finals in Episode 1218.

Finals
At each performance, Darci's confidence grew. At the last night of competition, judge Simon Cowell was ecstatic when she overwhelmed the crowd with her performance of The Beatles’ “With a Little Help from My Friends”. She went back and forth with Petunia and shy mouse Oscar puppet creating a frenzy in the audience. Cowell then predicted that Darci will be the all-around winner. Simon said, “I think you’re gonna win”.

Finale Show
During Lynne's video package, she revealed that, “I was very, very shy but America’s Got Talent has given me a voice and more confidence than I could ever have.” For the finale in Episode 1222, Darci fulfilled her dream by performing "Anything You Can Do" from Annie Get Your Gun with her idol Terry Fator. After tripping over the first line of the song, she recovered beautifully and and brought the house down.

The field was dwindled down to the top 5. Then the top two. On stage next to her was singer Angelica Hale who was also nervous. They hugged each other as the tension built. Then announcer Tyra Banks announced Darci Lynne as the winner of Season 12 winning $1 million and will headline at Planet Hollywood in Las Vegas from Sept. 3-4 in Las Vegas.

Personal life
Farmer attends Deer Creek Middle School near her home in Edmond, Oklahoma. She missed the first day of her seventh grade year due to appearing live on America's Got Talent on August 16.

Her parents are Clark and Misty Farmer. Darci has threee brothers Nate, Dalton and Nick. Nick, 20, is the oldest and attends the University of Oklahoma. He is the most supportive brother, according to Darci. Dalton is 17 and is in high school. Her youngest sibling is Nick who is nine years old and the most naughty one in their family.

title: User:Mtpascoe/sandbox


text:
Zamia meermanii

Zamia meermanii is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae endemic to central Belize. It is found on limestone cliffs.

title: Zamia meermanii


text:
ремень

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) strap
 * 2) belt

Etymology
(genitive ). Cognate to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬; Bulgarian, , ; Serbo-Croatian (genitive ), ; Slovenian , ; Czech , Slovak ; Polish ; 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Despite the similarity to 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬), Vasmer concludes that the claim of some earlier dictionaries that the Slavic word is a loan of the Germanic one is phonologically impossible; see for more.

Noun

 * 1) strap, thong, sling
 * 2) belt, waist-belt

title: ремень


text:
Alex Woolf

Alex Woolf (born 12 July 1963) is a British medieval historian and academic. He specialises in the history of Britain and Ireland and to a lesser extent Scandinavia in the Early Middle Ages, with a particular emphasis on interaction and comparison across traditional ethnic boundaries. He is a senior lecturer at the University of St Andrews.

He is author of volume two in the New Edinburgh History of Scotland, covering the period between 789 and 1070. For this he won the 2008 Saltire Society award for "history book of the year".

He is the younger brother of the ancient historian Greg Woolf.

Education
Woolf first went to University to study Scandinavian Studies at University College London, including spending time in Norway, but dropped out before completing the degree and spent four years working in service-sector jobs. He then proceeded to the University of Sheffield, where he completed a degree in Medieval History and Medieval English. In 1992, he completed an M.Phil. in Sheffield's Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, supervised by John Moreland, entitled "The Transition from Late Prehistoric to Early Historic Social and Political Structures amongst the Irish".

Academic career
In 1995, Woolf was appointed a lecturer in archaeology at the University of Wales, Lampeter. From 1997 to 2001, he was a lecturer in Celtic and early Scottish history and culture at the University of Edinburgh. In 2001, he moved to the University of St Andrews as a lecturer in history, where he was promoted to senior lecturer and, in 2010, awarded a Ph.D. by publication portfolio. In 2023 he was characterised by the St Andrews student newspaper as "one of the most beloved members of the Medieval History faculty".

Selected works

 * Woolf, Alex (1997). "At Home in the Long Iron Age: A Dialogue between Households and Individuals in Cultural Reproduction", in Invisible People and Processes: Writing Gender and Childhood into European Archaeology, ed. by Jenny Moore and Eleanor Scott (London: Leicester University Press), pp. 68–74
 * Woolf, Alex (2003). "The Britons: From Romans to Barbarians", in Regna and Gentes: The Relationship between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of the Roman World, ed. by Hans-Werner Goetz, Jörg Jarnut and Walter Pohl with Sören Kaschke, The Transformation of the Roman World, 13 (Leiden: Brill), pp. 345–80.
 * Woolf, Alex (2004). "Caedualla Rex Brettonum and the passing of the Old North", Northern History 41.1, 1–20
 * "Dun Nechtain, Fortriu and the Geography of the Picts"; Scottish Historical Review 2006 ; 85(2): 182-201
 * "The expulsion of the Irish from Dyfed"; Ireland and Wales in the Middle Ages; Karen Jankulak, Jonathan Wooding (ed); Four Courts Press 2007; 102-115
 * "Dun Nechtain, Fortriu and the Geography of the Picts"; Scottish Historical Review 2006 ; 85(2): 182-201
 * "The expulsion of the Irish from Dyfed"; Ireland and Wales in the Middle Ages; Karen Jankulak, Jonathan Wooding (ed); Four Courts Press 2007; 102-115

title: Alex Woolf


text:
Rebel (soundtrack)

Rebel: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is a soundtrack to the 1985 Australian film of the same name which is based on the play No Names, No Packdrill by Bob Herbert.

The album is credited to Matt Dillon and Debbie Byrne and features the vocals of Byrne, Shauna Jensen, Kim Deacon and Galapagos Duck.

Rebel: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack peaked at number 75 on the Australian Kent Music Report.

At the 1985 AFI Awards, the film was nominated for 9 awards, winning 5 including Best Original Music Award and Best Sound Award.

title: Rebel (soundtrack)


text:
piaga

Etymology 1
From, from , from , derived from , an extension of the root. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sore, scab
 * 2)  reason for inconsolable pain; wound
 * 3)  curse
 * 4)  extremely annoying person; nuisance
 * 1)  extremely annoying person; nuisance

title: piaga


text:
Talk:Bernard J. Schaffer

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110730105219/http://enemyblog.typepad.com:80/enemy_blog/ to http://enemyblog.typepad.com/enemy_blog/
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:23, 31 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bernard J. Schaffer


text:
2017 Wuhan Open – Singles

Caroline Garcia defeated Ashleigh Barty in the final, 6–7(3–7), 7–6(7–4), 6–2 to win the singles tennis title at the 2017 Wuhan Open.

Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Peng Shuai.

Garbiñe Muguruza retained the WTA no. 1 singles ranking after Simona Halep and Karolína Plíšková lost in the second round and quarterfinals, respectively.

Seeds
The top eight seeds received a bye into the second round. • 🇪🇸 Garbiñe Muguruza (quarterfinals)

• 🇷🇴 Simona Halep (second round)

• 🇨🇿 Karolína Plíšková (quarterfinals)

• Caroline Wozniacki (second round)

• 🇬🇧 Johanna Konta (second round)

• 🇷🇺 Svetlana Kuznetsova (second round)

• 🇸🇰 Dominika Cibulková (third round)

• Jeļena Ostapenko (semifinals)

• 🇵🇱 Agnieszka Radwańska (third round)

• 🇺🇸 Madison Keys (first round)

• 🇨🇿 Petra Kvitová (first round)

• 🇩🇪 Angelique Kerber (first round)

• 🇫🇷 Kristina Mladenovic (first round)

• 🇺🇸 Sloane Stephens (first round)

• Anastasija Sevastova (first round)

• 🇷🇺 Elena Vesnina (third round)

Seeds
• # 🇷🇴 Monica Niculescu (qualified)

• # 🇷🇺 Natalia Vikhlyantseva (qualifying competition)

• # 🇺🇸 Shelby Rogers (withdrew)

• # 🇪🇸 Lara Arruabarrena (first round)

• # Monica Puig (qualified)

• # 🇵🇱 Magda Linette (qualified)

• # 🇩🇪 Carina Witthöft (qualifying competition)

• # 🇬🇧 Heather Watson (qualifying competition)

• # 🇺🇸 Varvara Lepchenko (qualified)

• # 🇺🇸 Christina McHale (qualified)

• # Maria Sakkari (qualified)

• # 🇺🇸 Madison Brengle (first round)

• # 🇧🇾 Aliaksandra Sasnovich (qualifying competition)

• # 🇹🇳 Ons Jabeur (qualified)

• # 🇪🇸 Sara Sorribes Tormo (withdrew)

• # 🇲🇪 Danka Kovinić (first round)

• # 🇩🇪 Andrea Petkovic (qualified)

Qualifiers
• # 🇷🇴 Monica Niculescu

• # Maria Sakkari

• # 🇩🇪 Andrea Petkovic

• # 🇺🇸 Christina McHale

• # Monica Puig

• # 🇵🇱 Magda Linette

• # 🇺🇸 Varvara Lepchenko

• # 🇹🇳 Ons Jabeur

title: 2017 Wuhan Open – Singles


text:
User:Accurizer~enwikiversity

I am an editor at the English Wikipedia. Please leave all messages for me there.
 * My user page
 * My talk page

title: User:Accurizer~enwikiversity


text:
Talk:Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 4

Untitled
你的妈很大: this doesn't make sense. 你妈身材高大: you mother is big. 你妈岁数很大: you mother is very senior in age.

很 means very.

A really nice page
Can I just say that, as someone who has been self-studying as a hobby for a while, and actually bought some textbooks, nowhere else have I been able to find word order in simple, clear terms. This was immensely helpful. Thank you! --Poisonous (talk) 11:29, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 4


text:
Virudhunagar Hindu Nadars' Senthikumara Nadar College

Virudhunagar Hindu Nadars' Senthikumara Nadar College, is a general degree college located in Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu. It was established in the year 1947. The college is affiliated with Madurai Kamaraj University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

Science

 * Physics
 * Chemistry
 * Mathematics
 * Computer Science
 * Information Technology
 * Botany
 * Zoology
 * Microbiology
 * Environmental Science

Arts and Commerce

 * Tamil
 * English
 * History
 * Economics
 * Business Administration
 * Commerce
 * Computer Application

Accreditation
The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).


text:
Ruby

This is a placeholder for Portal:Engineering and Technology --> School:Computer Science --> Topic:Computer Programming --> Ruby

Introduction
Ruby is a free, pure object-oriented, and interpreted programming language. Ruby has been used in game making programs such as RPG Maker XP. It uses a markup script similar to Visual BASIC. However, Ruby is rarely used in comparison to C++ and similar programming language.

Prerequisites
''Prerequisites are suggested courses that should be completed before taking this course. If you're having a hard time understanding the material in this course, make sure you complete these prerequisites first.''

 * Computer Skills
 * Introduction to Programming
 * Object Oriented Programming
 * Programming Logic

Learning Resources

 * /Introduction to Ruby/
 * /Flow Control/

 Creating a website with Ruby on Rails

Teachers or Contributors
If you are helping to develop this resource, please sign below by typing 4 tildes (~).

Students
If you are using this course as a learning resource, please sign below by typing 4 tildes (~).
 * Nithindanday (discuss • contribs) 19:37, 16 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Ruby


text:
1123 in Norway

Events in the year 1123 in Norway.

Incumbents

 * Monarchs – Eystein I Magnusson, Sigurd the Crusader (co-rulers)

Events

 * Kalmare ledung, a Crusade led by King Sigurd to Christianize the Swedish provinces of Småland and Öland.

Deaths

 * 29 August – Eystein I Magnusson, King of Norway 1102–1123 (born c. 1088).

title: 1123 in Norway


text:
Seal Rocks (Victoria)

Seal Rocks comprises two small islets – Seal Rock and Black Rock – 1.5 km south-west of Phillip Island in Victoria, Australia at the western entrance to Western Port.

They were named Seal Islands by James Grant in HMS Lady Nelson (1798) in January 1801.

Flora & fauna
The islands are a major Australian Fur Seal colony. Approximately 5000 pups are born on Seal Rocks each year – 25% of the Australian population.

title: Seal Rocks (Victoria)


text:
Talk:Pre-school education

To get xjig working for me was a bit of a pain. I wrote this helper script:

And even so, it does an imperfect job. I really want to take any image source and convert it (especially png).

But the user interface is no good for kids. Kids ought to be able to pick any image using a file browser and convert it. I fiddled with GNOME+Metacity+Nautilus for a few minutes and was unable to determine how ...

Ben Armstrong 23:12, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

Interesting! If this takes off it will please me that Wikiversity has something for kids receiving a computer under the One Laptop Per Child program. I have seen some learning games aimed at preschoolers but I do not remember what licensing they were under. As I have time and inclination I will attempt to find links for you to evaluate. Mirwin 20:56, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Should preschoolers even be on the computer? If not, I don't know how we could be of any help to them.--Rayc 20:15, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Is this a kinda moralistic "should" question, Rayc? Because I think that, if it is, then it is pretty redundant. More and more kids are growing up with computers as a reality - and I think this is all to the good. I think we obviously should be trying to help kids become as literate in computers as possible - meaning that they understand the computer's benefits as well as its dangers - and that they are able to use them towards creative and educational ends. Cormaggio beep 18:49, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I thought I remembered a study that said computers shouldn't be used until kids are in school, though it might of been talking about TV. Looks like the experts think positively on this: .  I actually taught preschoolers for one semester, and I just remember that they used a computer for about a half hour at a time once through the week.  As for a program suggestion, "Geography and maps" seems like a nice idea.  Could we suggest taking a screen shot of google maps satellite photos? Those really help me as a visual learner.--Rayc 05:35, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

Possible carpentry solutions
How about shifting some computer use time from the present-day 99% entrenched sit-up use position to lyin' down? That way toddlers can get the benefits of additional study, reading, adventure on their down-time, so to speak, reserving uptime for running around instead of sitting at a desk (this has implications for the obesity problem).

The simplest way is to have supports on either side at a desired height-- 18-30"?-- above bed (or pillow) level. Two boards stretch across above eye-location, with a plexiglas panel-- could be 12 x 18"-- between them. On this panel can lie a book, a magazine, or a computer monitor looking down at you. The mousepad etc. is on your tummy.

"Slabtop"
Imagine a laptop computer lying flat looking down at you, but the keyboard hangs down toward your belly where your hands get to it easily. Extra boards and wiring can be built in to hold the keyboard in place, and the structure made as strong as necessary. For when you are reading books instead of viewing the monitor, there would be two little reflector lamps fastened down on either side of your head, beaming up 45° toward the paper area (none of the light reflects down into your eyes).

Viewing duo with toddler
Now imagine at the start, you are lying face up, your toddler right under your chin lying on top of you, the location of the screen adjusted so both have no trouble seeing it, and your hand is over the toddler's hand on the mouse, teaching the clickfunctions. (Wanna bet how soon, counting days fromn birth, the toddler is on to how to do it alone, clickmouse included, even a few keyboardkey sequences?)

Because no exercise uptime is usurped by non-exercise occupations, I don't see any particular problem with how many hours a day a toddler spends doing this, instead of just lying in the crib counting pretty dots on the ceiling which is what they let me do in the 40's.

Eco-Toys (Essential Preschool Part I)
As for what toddlers can do on their uptime, please check the above-cited descriptions of music and outdoor action toys made in any neighborhood from trimmed, sanded scrap lumber etc. (and an 8" kickball made out of you don't want to know what). Now imagine a child experienced with action toys lying at the computer viewing diagrams or videos (and descriptions which dadmom can read aloud with a pointfinger moving) of the selfsame action toys and their use (including that awful zooky music).Treedesigner 17:20, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

August 2007 Update
We've got a bunch of ideas floating around, which is fantastic. I've been in contact with a Touchscreen provider, so we might actually get a loaner while we develop our proposal. Exciting stuff.

 * I'm hoping to tie this all together -- we have a bunch of off wiki stuff happening, lots of calls and talks, and there should be some on-wiki editing going on to flesh this out. Wiki outreach at it's best. Historybuff 04:27, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

The off wiki stuff took far longer then I had hoped, but it looks like with the new year we are finally going forward. I've got a version of the latest debian installed and I hope to start poking with applications in the next couple of days. Historybuff 23:30, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

 * We now have all of the paperwork done to get a demo computer to test the waters. I haven't gotten much feedback from application people, and we'll need a couple devs to help out in some capacity at some point. Historybuff 04:09, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Topic or Portal?
Should this be a Topic or a Portal? Donek (talk) - Go raibh mile maith agaibh 01:44, 1 July 2008 (UTC)
 * For now, this is probably best as a topic or moved to the mainspace, since there is already Portal:Pre-school Education. -- Jtneill - Talk - c 02:06, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pre-school education