text:
Sevastopol Radar Station

Sevastopol radar station was a Soviet radar station providing early warning of ballistic missile attack. It was located between the Cape of Chersones and the auxiliary airfield "Chersones" (Marine Aviation of the Black Sea Fleet) in Sevastopol and was part of the Soviet missile attack warning system. Information from this station could be used for a launch-on-warning nuclear missile attack or to engage the A-135 anti-ballistic missile system.

The radar occupies a site 1 km long overlooking the Black Sea. Nearby there is a former Soviet Navy dolphinarium and a former airfield. When the station was built it was in the then-closed town of Sevastopol, in the Ukrainian SSR.

Radar
The radar is a Dnepr (NATO name "Hen House") phased array radar. It consists of a central building and two long wings over 250 metres long; each wing is a separate radar array. One had an azimuth of 172° (facing south) and the other 230° (facing south-east). The radar had a range of 3000 km covering southern Europe, North Africa and parts of the Middle East.

Construction began on the radar in the late 1960s. Some sources say that it started operating in 1975, others say it became fully operational on 16 January 1979.

Dispute with Ukraine
In 1991 the Soviet Union collapsed and the station became part of the newly independent country of Ukraine, together with the radar in Mukachevo. Russia signed a 15-year agreement with Ukraine in 1992 to rent both radars for US$840,000 a year. Unlike other overseas stations, the radar was to be staffed by Ukrainians, not Russians. In 2005 management of the radars was transferred from the military to the civil Ukrainian National Space Agency and the rent increased to $1.3 million, although Ukraine asked for more.

In 2008 Russia decided to stop using information from the two Ukrainian radar stations. According to some commentators it was partly because of the then Ukrainian government's stated intention to join NATO. In 2007 the commander of the Russian Space Forces, Vladimir Popovkin, said that Russia intended to duplicate or replace foreign radar stations as it could not rely on them in times of crisis. Replacing the station would reduce any leverage Ukraine was gaining over Russia from its ability to control access to the data.

Pragmatic reasons were given for ending the lease. Popovkin said that the radars went out of warranty in 2005, and would cost $20m to modernise. In addition Russia said that the data from Sevastopol was unreliable due to interference from unlicensed radio broadcasts from fishing boats in the Black Sea. Furthermore, it had concerns with the quality of the data due to the civilian rather than military operators.

Data from Ukraine stopped on 26 February 2009 and Russia declared that a new Voronezh radar station in Armavir had begun operation on the same date, replacing the lost coverage. Following this the Ukrainian government announced that the stations would be closed for a month for maintenance and then used part-time for space surveillance, being part of an organisation called SKAKO (Automatic System of Control and Analysis of Outer Space).

Returning to Russia
Following the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, the new Russian administration announced it was considering having the site modernized and fully re-opened by 2018. This is to offset the threat of the NATO radar site in Romania, as the Mk-41 launchers there are capable of launching Tomahawk cruise missiles, which Russia says violates the 1987 INF Treaty. However due to the age of the system and its derelict state, that timetable appears not to have been met, no reopening announcement having been made by December 2019.

title: Sevastopol Radar Station


text:
Category:Superhero television series

Superhero television series. Superheroes are stock characters who possess abilities beyond those of ordinary people, who typically use their powers to help the world become a better place, or are dedicated to protecting the public, and fighting crime. Superhero fiction is the genre of fiction that is centered on such characters.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Superhero television series


text:
Category:People from Hampton Roads

This is a catch-all category for people from the Hampton Roads region of Virginia, extending into North Carolina. Most people should be listed in one or more of its subcategories.

The area consists of the following cities, all in Virginia: plus the following counties, all in Virginia: as well as one county in North Carolina:
 * Chesapeake
 * Hampton
 * Newport News
 * Norfolk
 * Poquoson
 * Portsmouth
 * Suffolk
 * Virginia Beach
 * Williamsburg
 * Gloucester County
 * Isle of Wight County
 * James City County
 * Mathews County
 * Surry County
 * York County
 * Currituck County

title: Category:People from Hampton Roads


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Earth Riser

The result of the debate was delete. Mailer Diablo 01:52, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Earth Riser
Delete non-notable webcomic. Fails WP:WEB. No apparent media coverage. Very few relevant Google hits (many false hits for the brand of bicycle), and Google shows nothing linking to it outside of its host site. These reasons were put forth in a ; the article's only author removed it without addressing any of the issues (though he took the time to add such highly relevant wikilinks as fire, earth and life). Postdlf 07:58, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. (I was going to nom this but stopped after typing in the afd1 template, hoping someone else would come and do it for me.  My laziness prevails once again) -- Rory 0 96 08:07, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-notable webcomic -- T B C [[Image:Confused-tpvgames.gif|18px|]] ???  ???   ??? 08:28, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as per above. --Khoikhoi 08:40, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * This has been listed on WikiProject Webcomics/Deletion. –Abe Dashiell (t/c) 16:11, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, does not appear to meet WP:WEB. -- Dragonfiend 00:23, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Comixpedia, then delete. -Colin Kimbrell 14:45, 22 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
Leanne Walker

Leanne Walker (born 17 July 1968) is a New Zealand former basketball player who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics and in the 2004 Summer Olympics. Walker also competed for New Zealand at the 1994 World Championship held in Australia.

title: Leanne Walker


text:
Shermanesque

Etymology
, after American Civil War General, who declined when being considered as a possible Republican candidate for the presidential election of 1884, saying, "I will not accept if nominated and will not serve if elected."

Adjective

 * 1) Having the intent of refusing a nomination to public office, or of refusing to serve in such office if elected.

title: Shermanesque


text:
User:L'apoth

L'Apoth

Hello, to the Wikiversity community, I am very excited to be apart of a global exchange and sharing of information. I hope that the Wikipedia project will be a positive tool in brining information and literacy on many subjects to persons across spaceship earth.

My name L'apoth, regards my past education. I studied medicinal chemistry and have work for a few years in pharmacy. I hope to be able to contribute to the areas of pharmacology, drug-drug interactions, pharmacy ethics in the Wikiversity School of Pharmacy and perhaps contribute on some chemistry articles.

I also have studied Urban Design & Planning and am now currently a student of Architecture. I look foward to seeing the development and using the Graphic Design division in the Media School and perhaps we can develop a Division of Urban Design.

Thank You,

L'Apoth du Nord

title: User:L'apoth


text:
User:Calixtochester/sandbox

These are the most active literary agencies in the United States:

{| cellpadding="0" border="1" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" width="100%" ! width="20%" |Agency ! width="20%" |Management ! width="10%" |Year foundation ! width="20%" |Specialims ! width="20%" |Website
 * - align="center" bgcolor="#f5faff"
 * Adams Literary
 * Tracey Adams
 * 2004
 * Children's Illustrators | Young Adult
 * https://www.adamsliterary.com
 * - align="center" bgcolor="#f5faff"
 * Barry Goldblatt Agency
 * Garrett Morris
 * 2000
 * Children's Illustrators | Young Adult
 * hhttps://www.bgliterary.com
 * - align="center" bgcolor="#f5faff"
 * Curtis Brown
 * Peter Ginsberg
 * 1914
 * Children's Books Fiction Film Non-Fiction TV
 * https://www.curtisbrown.com
 * - align="center" bgcolor="#f5faff"
 * The Frances Goldin Literary Agency
 * Frances Goldin
 * 1977
 * Fiction Literary Fiction Non-Fiction
 * https://www.goldinlit.com
 * - align="center" bgcolor="#f5faff"
 * Golden Quill Literary Agency
 * Michael A. Ewart
 * 2016
 * Fiction Non-Fiction Rights TV Children's Books Film
 * https://www.godenquilliterary.com
 * - align="center" bgcolor="#f5faff"
 * The Margret McBride Literary Agency
 * Margret McBride
 * 1981
 * Business Fiction No Children's Books No Poetry Non-Fiction
 * https://www.mcbrideliterary.com
 * - align="center" bgcolor="#f5faff"
 * Pippin Properties, Inc
 * Holly McGhee
 * 1998
 * Children's Illustrators | Young Adult
 * hhttps://www.pippinproperties.com
 * - align="center" bgcolor="#f5faff"
 * Rees Literary Agency
 * Helen Rees
 * 1983
 * Biography Business Commercial fiction History Literary Fiction Memoirs Psychology Science Self help
 * https://www.reesagency.com
 * - align="center" bgcolor="#f5faff"
 * Sarah Jane Fraymann Literary Agency
 * Sarah Jane Fraymann
 * 1974
 * BiographyCookery Fiction Health Non-Fiction Popular Culture
 * hhttps://www.sarahjanefreymann.com
 * - align="center" bgcolor="#f5faff"
 *  The Evan Marshall Agency
 * Evan Marshall
 * 1987
 * Fiction Articles Children's Books Memoirs Non-Fiction Poetry Screenplays Short Stories Young Adult
 * https://www.evanmarshallagency.com/
 * - align="center" bgcolor="#f5faff"
 * Writers House
 * Al Zuckerman
 * 1989
 * Children's Books Fiction Film Screenplays Non-FictionTV Young Adult
 * http://www.writershouse.com/

title: User:Calixtochester/sandbox


text:
Cocoa Programming/First steps

This module will walk you through the process of creating your first Cocoa application.

This module is intended to help you become comfortable with the basics of the tools you will be using and will not go into great detail about them.

The application you will write will take two numbers entered by the user via a graphical user interface and will multiply them together. The product of the two numbers will be sent to the graphical user interface.

Starting
The first thing you need to do is start Xcode. Xcode should be located in /Developer/Applications (the Applications folder inside the Developer folder on your hard-drive). We'll be using Xcode a lot in coming modules so you might like to add it to your Dock now.

Launch Xcode by double clicking its icon.

Creating a project
Once Xcode has started you are ready to create your project.

From the file menu choose "New Project". The following dialog box will appear.

Select "Cocoa Application" and click "Next". A dialog box will appear asking you to name your project.

Call your project "Multiply" and click "Finish". Xcode will then create your project and set up some starting files for you. Once this is done the following window should appear and we are ready to get started.

Building the Interface
Since your application is going to be quite simple you can jump right in and build the user interface! Click the small arrow next to "NIB files" and double click on "MainMenu.nib". This will start Interface Builder, a helpful program that you use to assemble graphical user interfaces. Once Interface Builder has started you will have windows similar to the following on your screen. Don't worry if the windows look slightly different or are positioned differently.

The first thing your interface needs is a way for the user to enter the two numbers to multiply. A basic textbox is appropriate for this purpose. Click on the "Cocoa-Text" tab of the interface elements palette. From this tab you should drag a basic text box onto the applications window. When dragging interface elements around dotted blue lines will sometimes appear. These lines help you position elements according to the Apple Human Interface guidelines. Position the textbox near the top left of the window as shown in the next diagram.

Once the first textbox is in position you should add another to hold the second number that will be entered by the user and a third to hold the product. Your window should look something like the following.

Right now your window has nothing to explain to the user what it does! It needs some labels. From the interface elements palette drag a label into your applications window (the label element is the one that says "System Font Text"). Once this is in your window double click it and change it to read "x" drag its right border as far left as it can go and place it between the first two textfields. Create another label that reads "=" and place it between the last two text fields. Your application should now look something like the following.

Now your application needs a way to activate the multiplication. Choose the "Cocoa-Controls" tab of the interface elements palette and drag a button into your applications window. place it below the right textfield. Double click the button and change its text to read "Calculate". Since this is the last item we will be adding to our interface you might like to also resize the window so that it doesn't have so much extra space. Your window should now look something like the following.

But how do these items work together? At the moment the textfields and button aren't connected in any way. We will connect them to an controller object that we shall now create. Click on the "Classes" tab of the "MainMenu.nib" window and choose "NSObject" (it's all the way to the left). With NSObject selected choose "Subclass NSObject" from the "Classes" menu.

Call the new class "MultiplyController". With the new MultiplyController selected choose "Instantiate MultiplyController" from the "Classes" Menu. This will create an instance of the class to which we can connect interface elements.

Now when you look at the "Instances" tab of the "MainMenu.nib" window you will see the instance of the MultiplyController class. Before we can connect the interface elements to the controller we have to give the controller outlets and actions. Outlets are connections to interface elements e.g. textfields and actions are methods that that can be called by interface elements e.g. when a button is pressed.

Click on "MultiplyController" in the "Classes" tab and then choose "Show Info" (or "Show Inspector" if you are running Tiger) from the "Tools" menu. Click the "Outlets" tab of the Info window then click "Add". Call the new outlet "firstNumber". Add two more outlets called "secondNumber" and "product".

In the "Actions" tab click "Add" and call the new action "Multiply".

Now you need to connect all the parts up. To do this you need to click on the "Instances" tab of the "MainMenu.nib" window. Then hold down control on your keyboard and drag from the instance of "MultiplyController" to the first textfield in your application window. A blue line will appear showing the connection you are making. Once you have reached the first textfield stop dragging and the info window will show you the possible outlets to connect. Choose "firstNumber" and then click "Connect". The screenshot shows the situation just after the connection has been made, hence the button in the inspector window now shows "disconnect", and there is a ball next to the firstNumber outlet showing that it is the target of the connection illustrated by the illustration on the left.

Do the same for the "secondNumber" outlet and the second textfield. And finally connect the right textfield to the "product" outlet. Now we need to connect up the "Calculate" button to the multiply action of MultiplyController. This is also done by control+dragging but this time you start at the button and drag to the class instance. This is because this the message to do the multiplication needs to flow from the button to the controller.

Now that you have your actions and outlets hooked up you can save your work in Interface Builder. But before you leave Interface Builder there is one more thing you should do. Select "MultiplyController" in the "Classes" tab of the "Main Menu.nib" window. and then choose "Create Files for MultiplyController" from the "Classes" menu.

In the sheet which appears you should make sure the both "MultiplyController.h" and "MultiplyController.m" are checked then click "Choose"

You can then save any changes you have made and quit Interface Builder.

Writing the code
With the interface now completed you can write the code for the MultiplyController class. Make sure you have Xcode selected and click "Other Sources". The sources for your application will now be displayed on the right. Double click on "MultiplyController.m" to open it for editing.

Currently its contents are: @implementation MultiplyController - (IBAction)multiply:(id)sender { } @end If you don't understand this then you might need to read through Programming:Objective-C.
 * 1) import "MultiplyController.h"

What we need is for the "multiply:" method to get the two numbers, multiply them together, and place the product in the result textfield. To do this change the method to the following.

- (IBAction)multiply:(id)sender {    [product setIntValue:[firstNumber intValue] * [secondNumber intValue]]; }

If you understand Objective-C this should make sense to you. If not you should read Programming:Objective-C.

Save "MultiplyController.m" and close it. Choose "Build and Run" from the "Build" menu. Assuming you didn't make any errors the application should run. Type in some numbers and press calculate.

Exercises

 * 1) Currently the multiply application works with integers. Modify the code so that it works with floats.
 * 2) Modify the interface to make the application update when you change the contents of one of the text boxes.

title: Cocoa Programming/First steps


text:
shake and bake

Etymology
From the brand name Shake 'n Bake, a powdered seasoning, so called because one could put it in a plastic bag with meat, then easily season the meat by shaking.

Noun

 * 1) Something fast, or easy to use or perform; a simple, crude object or action.
 * 2)  A non-commissioned officer with little experience, qualified through a special course.
 * 1)  A non-commissioned officer with little experience, qualified through a special course.

Adjective

 * 1) Crude, unsophisticated; not professionally done, improvised.

title: shake and bake


text:
Timothy Mason (clockmaker)

Timothy Mason (1695–1734) was a clockmaker based in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire,  England.

Mason was known for constructing longcase clocks with eight-day movements, with two keyholes on either side of the dial. They were driven by two weights; one driving the pendulum and the other the striking mechanism. His clock faces were always signed Tim Mason.

He was known to be working at an address given as Lords Street in Gainsborough. A copy of Tim Mason’s inventory and personal estate dated 22 January 1734 does not contain any items of trade listed and the certified value of his assets is £9.13.6. From this it appears that he was retired when he died in 1734 having disposed of his stock, work in progress and tools of his trade.

From the records held by the Derbyshire Record Office, Reference D37 M/T693-694: “The Crossells Farm, Stretton: Lease and release by Timothy Mason of Gainsborough (co. Lincoln) clock-maker and Elizabeth his wife, and John Clay of Hartsloft in the parish of Ault Hucknall yeoman to Hannah Holland o Ford widow of the Overclose in Stretton, Consideration £42. Dated 3–4 December 1714.”

title: Timothy Mason (clockmaker)


text:
OPS 5113

OPS 5113, also known as Navstar 3, GPS I-3 and GPS SVN-3, was an American navigation satellite launched in 1978 as part of the Global Positioning System development programme. It was the third of eleven Block I GPS satellites to be launched.

Background
Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clock navigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.

Spacecraft
The first eleven spacecraft (GPS Block 1) were used to demonstrate the feasibility of the GPS system. They were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solar arrays supplied over 400 watts. They had S-band communications for control and telemetry and Ultra high frequency (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. They were manufactured by Rockwell Space Systems, were 5.3 m across with solar panels deployed, and had a design life expectancy of 5 years. Unlike the later operational satellites, GPS Block 1 spacecraft were inclined at 63°.

Launch
OPS 5113 was launched at 00:28 UTC on 7 October 1978, atop an Atlas F launch vehicle with an SGS-1 upper stage. The Atlas used had the serial number 47F, and was originally built as an Atlas F. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 3E at Vandenberg Air Force Base, and placed OPS 5113 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-27 apogee motor.

Mission
By 13 November 1978, OPS 5113 was in an orbit with a perigee of 20285 km, an apogee of 20312 km, a period of 722.60 minutes, and 62.80° of inclination to the equator. The satellite had a design life of 5 years and a mass of 758 kg. It broadcast the PRN 06 signal in the GPS demonstration constellation, and was retired from service on 18 May 1992.

title: OPS 5113


text:
Wikijunior:Solar System/The Sun

What is the Sun?
The Sun is a star — the closest star to Earth. It is a large ball of very hot gas in a (plasma) state. The air we breathe and the helium in a balloon are both gases. It is over 5,500 °C at the surface, and much hotter at the center, about 15 million °C. The Sun is made of mostly hydrogen (70%) and helium (28%). It turns many tons of hydrogen into helium every second, thus creating heat and light.

The Sun makes light and heat that warms the surface of the Earth and allows plants to grow. We can get food from plants, and we can burn wood and other parts of plants to cook, warm our houses, and make cars go. Without the Sun there could not be any life on Earth.

How big is the Sun?
The Sun is very big — much, MUCH bigger than the Earth! Even the mighty planet Jupiter is small by comparison. It is more than a million km (109 Earths) across and contains about 99.86% of the Solar System's mass. If you could stand on the surface of the Sun, you would weigh 28 times as much as you do on Earth because the Sun has more mass and therefore more gravitational pull than earth.

More than a million Earths could fit beneath the surface of the Sun. It doesn't look that big from Earth, though. That's because the Sun is so far away. Compared to other stars, the Sun is about average-sized. There are much bigger stars, and much smaller stars.

A very thin solar wind of charged particles blows from the Sun all the way to the edge of the Solar System. When it gets there, the gases mix with those coming from other stars.

What is the surface like?
The Sun doesn't have a crust like the Earth that you can stand on. The whole Sun is made out of gases, fire, and plasma. The gas becomes thinner as you go farther from the center of the Sun. The outer-part we see when we look at the Sun is called the photosphere, which means "ball of light". We call it the surface of the Sun because that's where most of the light we see comes from. There is actually a lot of material from the Sun above the photosphere, and some of the gas is even blasted away to great distances.

How does the sun make light and heat?
The Sun is the main source of energy for the Earth. This energy is made deep inside the Sun in a process called nuclear fusion. Four hydrogen atoms are fused together to make one helium atom. Some of the leftover matter turns into energy. This is the same way energy is released in a hydrogen bomb.

Core: The center of the Sun is very dense. It's about 12 times as dense as lead. That means that a gallon of the gas from the core of the Sun would weigh half a ton. It's also very hot — about 15,000,000 °C. This region is where most of the nuclear reactions are taking place.

Radiative zone: In this zone the light and heat produced in the core fight their way out towards the surface. The gases that make up the zone are very dense and keep absorbing and emitting the rays. Have you ever tried to run through water? That's what it's like for light waves in this region of the Sun. Light can't go very far at all before it runs into something. Then it bounces off in a different direction. The light doesn't get very far this way. It can take a single ray of light a million years to get out of this zone.

Convection zone: Have you ever seen the air shimmer above a fire? Perhaps you've been told it's because heat rises? Actually, it is the hot air that is rising. Hot gases get less dense and rise. Cold gases get denser and sink. In this zone, the gases are less dense. They behave like air in a fireplace. Gas at the bottom of the zone gets heated up from below. It rises to the surface, gives off its heat to space, and sinks again. The gas in the convection zone forms currents like those in Earth’s oceans and atmosphere. The currents are called convection cells.

What are sunspots?
Sunspots are dark spots on the Sun, but they are still brighter than lightning. Sunspots look darker than the rest of the Sun because they are a little cooler. Even though sunspots are cooler than the rest of the Sun, they are still hot — about 4000 °C (7000 °F). Sunspots are caused by changes in the Sun’s magnetic field. The magnetic field stops convection, which causes the sunspot areas to cool off and become darker. Sunspots usually form in groups which are carried around the Sun as it rotates.

The number of sunspots we see goes up and down in a cycle of average length about 11 years.

What is the Solar Atmosphere like?
Above the photosphere, the Sun’s gases are not very dense at all. There are two layers that we can see with special telescopes. Above that, gases stream out as solar wind that reaches to the edge of the Solar System.

Prominences and solar flares
If you have a telescope with special filters, you can see bumps around the edge of the Sun. Each one of these is called a prominence. They look like volcanoes erupting. They are hundreds or thousands of kilometers long. Some are bigger than the Earth. They often seem to come from sunspots. Sometimes they get so far away from the Sun that they fly away from it. Then they are called solar flares.

Chromosphere
Chromosphere means "color ball". It is just above the photosphere. It is not as bright as the photosphere, and you can't normally see it. But you can see it just before a solar eclipse (only with special filters!). It looks like a flash of all the colors of light. Surprisingly, the Chromosphere is even hotter than the photosphere, at some parts over 20,000 °C.

Corona
Corona means "crown." That is what pictures of the corona look like. It is just above the chromosphere. It is hotter than the photosphere, and it glows. It is made of thin gases, and blows away as solar wind. It shifts and changes, but it is hard to see, even with special telescopes.

Solar wind
At the top of the corona, some of the gas blows out as solar wind. It blows fast — about 60 km per second (more than 100,000 miles per hour). But there isn't very much of it. The solar wind is strong enough to push dust and gas away from a comet to make a tail.

The solar wind can even push big things. In 1960, the satellite Echo I was put into orbit. It was a large balloon. Since it was so large and light, the solar wind pushed it around in its orbit. In the future, some space craft may use the solar wind to travel between planets using solar sails similar to the way sailboats use the Earth's wind in their sails to cross the ocean.

Heliopause
Heliopause is where the solar wind hits the wind from other stars. Near here, the solar wind slows down suddenly. In May 2005, the Voyager I spacecraft went through this region and felt a big bump. It is now just inside the heliopause. Because this happens so far from Earth, it is hard to study!

What is solar weather?
Did you know the Sun has weather? Earth weather is what is going on in Earth’s atmosphere. Solar weather is what's going on in the Sun’s atmosphere. Solar weather affects us on Earth. Solar weather (also called space weather) includes sunlight and the solar wind.

Solar flares shoot a lot of very hot gas out from the Sun. If a solar flare is aimed towards Earth, protons — subatomic particles with positive electric charge — might be shot at Earth at high speed, and a solar storm could result. That could cause electrical blackouts or block radio signals. It could damage satellites in orbit. Radiation from a bad solar storm could be very dangerous for astronauts, so they must be protected. The Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere usually protect us from flares.

Solar flares can also cause an aurora. Auroras look like beautiful curtains of shimmering light. They are called Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis) if they are near the North Pole. They are called Southern Lights (Aurora Australis) if they are near the South Pole. Solar weather affects other planets, too. We have pictures of auroras on every planet except Mercury and Pluto.

Just like we can get Earth weather forecasts, we can get Solar weather forecasts. Forecasters study the Sun to figure out when flares will happen. They try to tell when solar storms will hit Earth. They also try to tell when solar storms will go to other parts of the Solar System.

Next Topic: Mercury

The life cycle of a star
A forming sun's life starts out as a nebula; this is a cloud of gas made up mostly of hydrogen. Over time the nebula contracts; its core becomes more and more compact and hotter until it can fuse hydrogen to helium. This fusion becomes its power source. After this, the star will look very much like our sun. They fuse hydrogen atoms together to make helium atoms.

After billions of years, this star will die. The star will exhaust its supply of hydrogen in its core, so that there will no longer be any source of heat to support the core against gravity. The core shrinks, and the hydrogen starts to burn in a shell around the core. The outer layers of the star swell and cool, creating a red giant. This is all with an ordinary star and will be the life cycle of our sun, although the process may vary from star to star. When our sun becomes a red giant it will consume Mercury and Venus, and possibly the Earth. The sun will then begin a cycle of expansion and contraction, puffing away its outer atmosphere as the solar system becomes a planetary nebula. Once the sun can not longer sustain fusion, it will collapse down and condense into a white dwarf star. At this stage the light it emits is the left over energy of our dead sun, radiating the residual heat until eventually the white dwarf cools and darkens.

Exploration of the Sun
Early space probes designed to collect information about the sun were NASA's Pioneers 5 through 9 and the Helios 1 and 2. Those were in the 1950s, 60s, and 70s. They collected a lot of data about the Sun. Other projects observed the Sun from Earth orbit, such as a Japanese satellite launched in 1991 called Yohkoh, which means Sunbeam in English. It told scientists more about solar flares, and activity on the sun's surface. Thanks to Yohkoh, they knew more about how to classify solar flares, and whether or not they will cause electrical disturbance on Earth or not. Two important missions to study Sun are called the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SHO) and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). They have taken many pictures of the Sun, along with discovering many comets near the Sun. All of these observations were across the Sun's equator. The first space probe to observe the Sun's poles was named Ulysses, after a famous Greek king who traveled on a very, very long voyage. The Ulysses probe went all the way to Jupiter before approaching the Sun. It took a famous picture of the comet Shoemaker-Levy-9 colliding with Jupiter.

title: Wikijunior:Solar System/The Sun


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/scienceinislam.com

Links

 * scienceinislam.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 3 additions.


text:
Lucid Dreaming/Reality Checks/Memory

Presentation
With the memory reality check, you try to remember what just happened in the past few minutes, and what happened a little bit ago.

In dreams, you'll often skip from one scene to the next with little or no transition, or you might remember something that never happened. If you try to remember what just happened as a reality check, then you might realize that you were just in a completely different place, or you might not be able to remember anything at all from more than a couple minutes ago.

Examples of this reality check working

 * I was in a forest. Then I was in a kitchen. I didn't notice the change, and I started to get something to eat, but then I saw a dark green light flowing out of the microwave, reminiscent of a forest. I thought back to a few minutes ago and realized I was in that forest then, not this kitchen. I realized I must be dreaming.
 * I heard someone in my dream say the phrase, "What language do you dream in?", and I thought, "Hey, I can't just have pulled that from my head, it must be something I've recently heard!" I started remembering my previous "Waking Day", and I remembered that a friend told me that same phrase in school last day! And so I realised I was dreaming.

Examples of this reality check failing

 * I was in a parking lot near a big truck, and I thought it was mine. However, I remembered coming here on a bike, so I was beginning to think I was dreaming, but then I thought about it a bit more and I discovered a false memory of me coming here in the truck. Though I was still doubting it (I had the feeling it was a false memory, because I was quite sure I came on a bike), I lost the bit of lucidity I had.

Sueño lúcido/Test de Realidad/Memoria

title: Lucid Dreaming/Reality Checks/Memory


text:
Feministische Studien

Feministische Studien (Feminist Studies) is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal, published since 1982. It features articles written in German and English, covering on women's studies. It is published by the Lucius & Lucius Verlagsgesellschaft and the editors-in-chief are Rita Casale, Claudia Gather, Sabine Hark, Friederike Kuster, Regine Othmer, Tanja Thomas, and Ulla Wischermann.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 0.077, ranking it 40th out of 40 journals in the category "Women's Studies".

Notable people

 * Eva Rieger (born 1940), musicologist

title: Feministische Studien


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/chandigarhlove.com

Links

 * chandigarhlove.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * COIBot domainredlist search for link chandigarhlove.com gives:
 * chandigarhlove.com (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist (diff))
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 2 additions.


text:
Bebrava

The Bebrava is a river in western Slovakia. It rises in the Strážovské vrchy mountains near the village of Čierna Lehota, flowing at first south-west, turning after some 10 km into south, flowing through Bánovce nad Bebravou, finally pouring into the river Nitra near Topoľčany. It is 47 km long and its basin size is 631 km2.

title: Bebrava


text:
Tragic Mulatto

Tragic Mulatto was an American rock band based in San Francisco, California, United States. Performing under pseudonyms, the band's nucleus consisted of vocalist Flatula Lee Roth (Gail Coulson) and bass guitarist Reverend Elvister Shanksley aka Lance Boyle (Alistair Shanks). The band released their albums on Jello Biafra's label Alternative Tentacles, with Dead Kennedys' bassist Klaus Flouride acting as producing several of their early albums.

Tragic Mulatto's music has been called "Butthole Surfers-esque", their label describing them as "[t]he dark and seedy underbelly of the average big city underbelly. A twilight zone for the already poorly adjusted." Coulson has also received praise for her vocal contributions, with her powerful delivery earning comparisons to Janis Joplin and Grace Slick.

History
Tragic Mulatto formed in 1982, initially consisting of Gail Coulson on saxophone, Alistair Shanks on bass guitar, Karl Konnerth on trumpet, Daved Marsh on vocals and Patrick Marsh on drums. The quintet recorded two records for Alternative Tentacles, an eponymously titled 7" single in 1983 and the EP Judo for the Blind in 1984. Konnerth and the Marsh brothers left the band afterward to pursue other interests.

Coulson and Boyle became the core creative force behind the group and took the stage names Flatula Lee Roth and Reverend Elvister Shanksley respectively. The duo recruited guitarist Tim Carroll of The Dicks (Richard Skidmark) and recorded the album Locos por el Sexo in 1986. Representing a change in musical direction for the band, the album emphasized melody and "enough structural backbone to give the songs non-satirical legitimacy". Spin described them as sounding "like a throbbing punkoid cross between Frightwig, real early Jefferson Airplane, and a fertile war pig from Planet 9".

The band changed guitarists and expanded their line-up to include dual percussionists Bambi Nonymous and Humpty Doody (Marc Galipeau) for their second album titled Hot Man Pussy. The album included a cover of "Whole Lotta Love" by Led Zeppelin and exhibited further musical maturity by the band. Their final release, Chartreuse Toulouse, incorporated psychedelic and Middle Eastern influences. Tragic Mulatto disbanded in 1990 after they had released their third album, with its members pursuing separate projects.

Live performances
The band was infamous for their deliberately perverse live performances, which sometimes consisted of its members performing lewd acts onstage. This lewd imagery exploited the perverse and racist mentality white society had towards mixed-race people, particularly women. Lead vocalist Coulson was known to perform mostly naked, while adorning her breasts with duct tape, polyethylene food wrap and fried eggs, and clothespins. Boyle occasionally performed naked or used a Pink Panther puppet to cover his genitals.

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Locos por el Sexo (1987, Alternative Tentacles)
 * Hot Man Pussy (1989, Alternative Tentacles)
 * Chartreuse Toulouse (1990, Alternative Tentacles)

 * Singles
 * Tragic Mulatto (1983, Alternative Tentacles)
 * EPs
 * Judo for the Blind (1984, Alternative Tentacles)
 * Compilations
 * Italians Fall Down and Look Up Your Dress (1989, Alternative Tentacles)

title: Tragic Mulatto


text:
Portuguese/Contents/Variation of the Portuguese Verbs

<< Portuguese:Contents

Verbs are the most variable words in the Portuguese Language, so they are much more complex than the English verbs. Portuguese verbs vary on mood, tense, voice, number and aspect.

Mood
Any verb that expresses a desire in some form can be used to introduce the subjunctive. Doubt, denial, emotion, wish, hope, suggestion, certainty, supposition, recommendation are other examples. It is also used after indirect commands. In Portugal, the subjunctive (subjunctivo) is called the conjunctive (conjuntivo). (More details below).

The Indicative Mood is the opposite and refers to statements of fact or certainty.

The Imperative Mood is used for commands.

Tense
The present, preterite, and future tenses refer to a fact that is occurring in the moment in which one is speaking, before the moment in which one is speaking, or after the moment in which one is speaking, respectively.

Aspect
The aspect is the speaker's point of view of the action expressed by the verb. The word Imperfect comes from the Latin "imperfectum" which means not completed. This is often a source of confusion when studying Portuguese because this has no relation at all with what is considered the imperfect aspect of a verb.

Mood, Tense, and Aspect
The following table explains each of the moods, tenses and aspects of Portuguese verbs. The first four columns represents a typology often found in Portuguese grammar books. As they are best understood when they are used together, the following table displays all the variations1:

1 There are some special treatments of participles (see below). 2 The future subjunctive is formed by taking the 3rd person past tense form of any verb and dropping the "am". For the 1st person plural add "mos" and for the 3rd person plural add "em".

More on the Subjunctive Mood
WikiPedia Subjunctive Mood Article

WikiPedia Portuguese Grammar Article

GENERAL RULES:

It is first important to understand the difference between a main clause and subordinate clause in order to understand when the subjunctive is used. More on clauses can be found here. Usually the subordinate clause is used after que, other conjunctions (e.g. embora, porque, se, quando, etc.) or relative pronouns (cujo, quem, qual, onde, etc.).

 * The subjunctive is used in the main clause when the verb in the clause expresses a curse or a wish or when it begins with the word "maybe" (talvez)
 * Any wish, intention or purpose in the main clause that expresses the desire to influence the action in the subordinate clause necessitates the use of the subjunctive.
 * When the verb in the main clause expresses denial, doubt or uncertainty, presupposition, or emotion about the action in the subordinate clause, the verb in the subordinate clause must use the subjunctive.
 * Certain conjunctions introducing a subordinate clause require the indicative to be used in the subordinate clause (e.g. visto que (given that), porque (because), dado que (given that), ja que (now that), assim como (in the same way that)). Others require the use of the subjunctive.  (e.g. the following require the use of the present or imperfect subjunctive: caso (in case), antes que (before), ainda que/posto que (although or even if), unless (a nao ser que or a menos que), a que (to), in order to (a fim de que), unless or without (sem que), para que (so that, in order to), even if (mesmo que, nem que), although (embora), provided that (contanto que), as soon as (logo que/assim que)).
 * You can use the indicative or the subjunctive in sentences where the following verbs are negated (preceded by nao): achar, crer, sonhar, revelar, mencionar, alegar, aununciar, confirmar, comunicar, contar, informar.

SOME SPECIFICS BASED ON THE GENERAL RULES:

 * If the verb in the main clause is in the indirect command form or expressing desire or emotion in the present, the verb in the subordinate clause will be in the present subjunctive.

 * I hope (desejo: present indicative) that you accompany (acompanhem: present subjunctive) me.  – these are indirect commands or verbs that express a desire or emotion somewhow.  They require the use of the present subjunctive after them (e.g. I hope that…, I want that…, I need that…, I suggest that..., I recommend that..., I insist in that..., I permit that, It is important that..., It is better that..., It's a pity that..., It's sad that...It's ridiculous that..., It's strange that..., I'm upset that..., I deny that...).

 * Use with verbs such as sugerir (to suggest), permitir (to permit), recomendar (to recomend), insistir em (to insist), É preciso que... (it is nesscessary that), É importante que...(it is important that), É melhor que... (it is better that) and others.

 * If the verb in the main clause is in the present or imperative, the verb in the subordinate clause will be in the present subjunctive or the imperfect subjunctive depending on whether the verb in the main clause refers to a present event or a past one respectively.

 * I doubt (duvido: present indicative) that they speak (falem: present subjunctive) very well. – This refers to a present situation so the present subjunctive is used.

 * They doubt (duvidam: present indicative) that my mother was (estivesse: imperfect subjunctive) at the house. – This refers to a past situation so the imperfect subjunctive is used.

 * Study (estude: imperative) now so that you can learn (aprenda: present subjunctive) more Portuguese.

 * The imperfect subjunctive or pluperfect subjunctive is used after "como se" (as if).

 * My friend was speaking (falava: imperfect indicative) as if he was (fosse: imperfect subjunctive) an important person.

 * They speak (falam: present indicative) as if they are (fossem: imperfect subjunctive) lawyers.

 * My sister ate (comeu: preterite indicative) as if she hadn't eaten (tivesse comido: pluperfect subjunctive) in three years.

 * If the verb in the main clause is in the future, the verb in the subordinate clause will be in the present subjunctive or the future subjunctive.

 * Before I see (veja: present subjunctive) him, I will tell (direi: future indicative) my husband everything.

 * When she comes (vier: future subjunctive), I will be (estarei: future indicative) in California.

 * When the if-clause refers to a future occurrence, the future subjunctive is used in the if-clause:

 * If I have (tiver: future subjunctive) a boyfriend, I will take (farei: future indicative) him to brazil.
 * If you can (puder: future subjunctive), arrive (chegue: present subjunctive) as late as possible to the party.

 * "While" followed by a reference to a future situation requires future subjunctive in the while-clause.

 * While you are (estiver: future subjunctive) not feeling well, stay (fique: present subjunctive) with me.

 * Doubt about a present reality sometimes necessitates the future subjunctive:

 * I'm not sure if you want to or not (...se voce quiser...)
 * I'm not sure if you can or not. (...se voce puder...)
 * If she prefers... (Se ela preferir...)
 * As you wish...(Como voce quiser...)
 * Wherever you wish....(Onde voce quiser)

 * "When" followed by a reference to a future situation requires future subjunctive in the when-clause:

 * When you know (souber: future subjunctive) the day of the test, tell (diga: present subjunctive) me.

 * The translation of wherever, whenever, whoever, and whatever require the use of the Future Subjunctive:

 * You can love whoever you wish (quiseres: future subjunctive).

 * The future subjunctive is also used with "as soon as you wish" (assim que quiseres/logo que) and "as you wish" (como quiseres).

 * If the verb in the main clause is in the past (e.g. preterite indicative, imperfect indicative) or the simple conditional, the verb in the subordinate clause will be in the imperfect or the past perfect.

 * I would like you (queria: conditional) to have dinner (viesses jantar: imperfect subjunctive) with me tomorrow or next week.

 * I wanted (quis: preterite indicative) you to have dinner (viesses jantar: imperfect subjunctive) with me last week.

 * I didn’t believe (acreditei: preterite indicative) that he had sold (tivesse vendido: past perfect subjunctive) everything.

 * I wanted (desejava: imperfect indicative) him to be (estivesse: imperfect subjunctive) with me everywhere.

 * If the "if" condition can't be met (i.e. doesn't imply a real fact) and the sentence refers to a present situation, the imperfect subjunctive is used in the if clause and the conditional or imperfect indicative is used in the main clause:

 * If I had (tivesse: imperfect subjunctive), I would take (faria or fazia: conditional or imperfect indicative) a vacation in Rio de Janeiro.

 * If the "if" condition can't be met (i.e. doesn't imply a real fact) and the sentence refers to a past situation (what could have been), the past perfect subjunctive is used in the if-clause and the conditional perfect (or simple pluperfect indicative) in the main clause:

 * If I had had (tivesse tido: past perfect subjunctive) a girlfriend, I would have taken (teria feito or tinha feito: conditional perfect or pluperfect indicative) her to Brazil.

More on Participles
The verb forms with participles are those with "estudado" listed above. Here are two important topics regarding participles:

 * The participle stays the same in the active voice (like #1) but agrees with the subject in the passive voice (#2 and #4) except when using the passive voice with ter or haver (#3, #5, #6).

 * 1) A professora ja tinha ido.
 * 2) Algumas pessoas foram atingidas pelo meu carro.
 * 3) Os cavalos nos quais eu tinha andado estavam vividos.
 * 4) A rua foi feita um ano atras.
 * 5) Os problemas tinham partido da minha alma.
 * 6) A carta que eu havia escrito foi longa.

 * Some verbs have two participle forms. Examples of verbs with two participles are:

aceitar - aceitado - aceito acender - acendido - aceso contundir - contundido - contuso eleger - elegido - eleito entregar - entregado - entregue enxugar - enxugado - enxuto expulsar - expulsado - expulso imprimir - imprimido - impresso limpar - limpado - limpo murchar - murchado - murcho suspender - suspendido - suspenso tingir - tingido - tinto findar - findado - findo isentar - isentado - isento matar - matado - morto salvar - salvado - salvo segurar - segurado - seguro soltar - soltado - solto benzer - benzido - bento morrer - morrido - morto prender - prendido - preso suspender - suspendido - suspenso emergir - emergido - emerso expelir - expelido - expulso exprimir - exprimido - expresso inserir - inserido - inserto omitir - omitido - omisso submergir - submergido - submerso juntar - juntado - junto trazer - trazido - trago

 * ter/haver in front of the verb to form the perfect tenses use the first form (e.g. juntado).
 * ser/estar in front of the verb (more adjectivial in nature) use the second form (e.g. junto).

Nominal Forms
These are forms of a verb that are characterized by not having an indication of time or of mood depending always on the context in which they're found. In these nominal forms, the verbs can themselves function as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.

More on the Infinitive:
The infinitive has many uses. The impersonal infinitive has one form: the one you see in the dictionary that ends in –ar, -er, or –ir. Here are some uses of the impersonal infinitive:

 * Driving (Dirigir) is fun. – when it is the subject of clauses
 * I need to drive (dirigir). I am going to drive (vou dirigir) – coupled with other verbs.
 * I am learning now. (estou a aprender).  This is another form of the present continuous and is the same as “estou aprendendo”.
 * I am happy being (ficar) with you. – Complementing nouns and adjectives.
 * They were forced to stop. (Eles foram forcados a parar).  – verb in the passive voice with preposition is followed by the impersonal infinitive.
 * I stated that I was prepared (disse estar preparadas) for the examination.-- When the main and subordinating clauses have the same subject.
 * And he yelled, “Stop” (Parar) – substituting for the imperative

There are also Personal Infinitives which are less used in spoken language than in writing. They are used when there are infinitive verb constructions but the subject of this verb is not very clear. Therefore the infinfitive is "personalized" to make clear who the subject is. It is formed by: INFINITIVO PESSOAL

 * Adding a subject in front of the singular infinitive forms:
 * Eu sair -- Before I leave, I want to talk to her.
 * Voce sair -- Before you leave, I want to talk to her.

 * Adding endings to the plural infinitive forms:
 * infinitive + mos for first person plural
 * infinitive + em for third person plural

Here are some uses for the personal infinitive:

 * They regret that we are (estarmos) not here. When the main and subordinating clauses have different subjects.
 * It’s necessary for me to buy (eu comprar) another car. It’s easy for them to arrive (elas chegarem) early. It’s impossible for you to leave now (voce entrar) – Used after impersonal expressions.  In these sentences “for” is not translated.
 * When they opened (Ao abrirem eles) the card, they saw the picture. Used after ate, antes de, depois de, ao (translated as when or upon), a fim de, sem, para


text:
Portal:Nursing

Wikiversity School of Nursing

Education Across the Lifespan

Beginning a nursing education in most universities requires the successful completion of prerequisite survey courses in Anatomy & Physiology, Basic and Organic Chemistry, Pharmacology, Sociology, Psychology, Composition, Nutrition, Microbiology, and Mathematics. A basic knowledge of these areas will be assumed in the nursing learning materials. If you would like to refresh your knowledge in these areas at any time, then you may follow the link entitled, "Pre-Nursing:Prerequisite Knowledge".

Learning Projects

 * Pre-Nursing:Prerequisite Knowledge
 * Basic Nursing Care, History, and Theory
 * Medical/Surgical Nursing
 * Psychiatric Nursing
 * Maternal/Newbon Nursing
 * Community Health Nursing
 * Intensive Care Nursing
 * Pediatric Nursing
 * Subspecialties of Nursing and Advanced Practice
 * Nonkilling Human Biology
 * Leadership in Nursing

Active participants
The histories of Wikiversity pages indicate who the active participants are. If you are an active participant in this school, you can list your name here (this can help small schools grow and the participants communicate better; for large schools it is not needed).

 * Since 27 March 2016 with creating Animal physiology --Marshallsumter (discuss • contribs) 13:47, 12 May 2018 (UTC)!
 * Since 10 August 2020 with Psychiatric Nursing

Inactive participants

 * Wkc3
 * Shalni
 * NTLDR
 * California State University, Sacramento (CSUS)
 * Irone2
 * Thayk
 * rhowardrn
 * delta424
 * ICUnurses

School news

 * Febuary 6, 2008 - School founded!

title: Portal:Nursing


text:
Essex Aero

Essex Aero Ltd. was an aircraft maintenance and component manufacturer, primarily based at Gravesend Airport in Kent, from 1936 to 1953.

Founded by Jack Cross, it is most famous for its rebuilding work on de Havilland DH.88 Comet racer G-ACSS and Percival Mew Gull G-AEXF.

Foundation
Reginald Cross, known universally as Jack Cross, had worked in a technical capacity for vehicle manufacturers Brazil Straker, Douglas and Bristol Aeroplane, before moving to airlines Imperial Airways and then Hillman Airways. In 1934 he and Edward Hillman set up Hillman & Cross, undertaking aeroplane maintenance at Goodmayes, Essex. On Hillman's death shortly afterwards, Cross took over fully.

In 1936 he moved the company to Gravesend, under the name of Essex Aero. Lionel "Jack" London was co-founder of the new company and Cross' principal technical assistant. They were sometimes referred to as "the two Jacks". The company occupied the premises recently vacated by Percival Aircraft.

De Havilland Comet G-ACSS
The company quickly rose to fame when Arthur Clouston and F. E. Tasker commissioned Essex to rebuild de Havilland DH.88 Comet G-ACSS, winner of the 1934 MacRobertson England-Australia Air Race under the name of Grosvenor House, which they had purchased from a scrap dealer. Variously named The Orphan, The Burberry and Australian Anniversary, the Comet went on to make several more record flights. On one occasion, Alex Henshaw (see below) flew Cross and London out to Cyprus, to conduct running repairs.

Percival Mew Gull G-AEXF
When Alex Henshaw procured Percival Mew Gull G-AEXF, the success of Essex Aero with the Comet led him to choose them to undertake a major redesign of his own sleek little racer. They undertook major airframe and systems modifications, including slimmed-down fuselage and wheel spats, even replacing the pilot's seat with a sheet of foam rubber laid on the cockpit floor. They installed one of the de Havilland Gipsy Six R engines scrapped from G-ACSS (which they had re-engined), with a purpose-designed crankshaft extension to adapt it for a de Havilland two-position variable-pitch propeller in place of the French Ratier used by the Comet, since foreign components were not allowed under King's Cup Air Race regulations. Cross also designed special pistons, redesigned the air intake and made other modifications. Henshaw won the 1938 King's Cup at a record speed which remains unbeaten in its class to this day.

Essex Aero then modified it further with a more reliable Gipsy Six II engine (which they had also fitted to G-ACSS) and improved instrumentation and fuel tankage. Henshaw again set a record, this time for the return flight to Cape Town, South Africa.

The aircraft has since been rebuilt more than once and today it flies with the Shuttleworth Collection at Old Warden.

Magnesium fabrication
Essex Aero specialised in manufacturing components from magnesium alloys. From the outbreak of World War II they not only serviced the Blenheims, Spitfires, and Hurricanes stationed at Gravesend but also expanded their manufacturing. They claimed to have manufactured 5,250 magnesium-alloy fuel tanks for the Supermarine Spitfire and Seafire. Essex Aero also played a leading role in the development of the lightweight "slipper" drop tanks introduced on the Spitfire and Seafire to extend their range, initially in the defence of Malta. It has been suggested that they proposed a magnesium alloy twin-engined fighter, but that the Ministry of Aircraft Production was not interested.

The Sprite light aircraft project
In 1947 Essex Aero began construction of a small, low-cost light aircraft entirely made from magnesium alloys, and to be produced in quantity using mass-production techniques. Named the Sprite, it was a single-engined side-by-side two-seater of modern appearance, with a tricycle undercarriage and a vee tail. Options for fixed or retractable landing gear were planned. Its nose incorporated direct mounting of the proposed Nuffield 100 hp 4HO aero engine without any additional bearer structure. However no other market for the Nuffield could be found and when it was shelved, no other engine was available to fit the dedicated nose design. The half-finished Sprite was also abandoned.

The S-X Magbody sports car
In 1952 Essex Aero designed, built and installed a magnesium alloy sports coupé body for a 1951 Allard J2X chassis, lengthening it to fit the sleek custom body, which weighed in at little more than 140 lb. Cross regularly drove the car, which he called the S-X Magbody.

As of 2016 the bodyshell was undergoing restoration (in Aluminium Alloy) by Heritage Classics in Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire.

Closure
During the war, unable to expand their main factory due to is closeness to the aerodrome, Essex Aero had established several other manufacturing sites locally. Afterwards these became uneconomic and Essex sought to consolidate back onto a single site.

The aerodrome had fallen into disuse but planning difficulties repeatedly delayed their ongoing efforts at consolidation, first there and subsequently on a site nearby.

By 1956 the company's debts had mounted to an unsustainable level and Essex Aero went into receivership.

title: Essex Aero


text:
Baskerville + Watson

Baskerville + Watson was an American contemporary art gallery located in New York City, New York, United States from 1980 to 1988.

History
Baskerville + Watson, incorporated by Lewis Baskerville and Simon Watson in 1980–1981, was first located on 24 W. 57th Street, New York City, New York. The gallery typically exhibited younger artists who had yet to show above 14th St. The 57th Street gallery, as well as its subsequent SoHo venue and Baskerville's PH in the Majestic, were three of Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects' earliest realized projects. In 1982, Baskerville + Watson opened with a two-person show of works by Lauren Ewing and Steve Wood followed by the two-person exhibition of Deborah Kass and Stephen Ellis, his first ever exhibition. In 1983, Carole Ann Klonarides, whose video works are associated with the "Pictures Generation,"  curated "Borrowed Time," which combined works by known artists Nam June Paik, Norman Rockwell and William Wegman with those of then emerging artists Louise Lawler, Richard Prince, and Aura Rosenberg. This led to Klonarides' becoming gallery director. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Collection owns a matchbook produced by Louise Lawler for "Borrowed Time."

In 1985, the gallery moved to the floor above the Curt Marcus Gallery in the 578 Broadway Building. Although Baskerville + Watson did not represent artists at first, several had multiple exhibitions: Sherrie Levine (1983, 1985), Richard Prince(1983, 1984),  Carroll Dunham (1985, 1986), R. M. Fischer (1983, 1985), Deborah Kass (1982,1984,1986) and John Torreano.

The gallery's influence was noted in an ARTnews article called "Downtown Boomtown."

The gallery closed in 1988. Lew Baskerville moved to California. In 1989, Simon Watson opened Simon Watson Gallery on Lafayette Street in Little Italy.

Critical response
Many of the gallery's exhibitions were reviewed in The New York Times, Artforum, Art in America and the Village Voice. Several artists who exhibited there are discussed in Jerry Saltz's seminal book, Beyond Boundaries: New York's New Art (1986).

Artists exhibited

 * Ericka Beckman
 * Dike Blair
 * Carroll Dunham
 * Louise Fishman
 * Deborah Kass
 * Sherrie Levine
 * Richard Prince
 * Ettore Spalletti
 * John Torreano

title: Baskerville + Watson


text:
File:The Straits of Messina.jpg

Summary
This is the front cover art for the book The Straits of Messina. The book cover art copyright is believed to belong to the publisher or the cover artist. Source: photo of cover. Portion used: The entire front cover. Because the image is a book cover, a form of product packaging, the entire image is needed to identify the product, properly convey the meaning and branding intended, and avoid tarnishing or misrepresenting the image. Low resolution: The copy is of sufficient resolution for commentary and identification but lower resolution than the original book cover. Copies made from it will be of inferior quality, unsuitable as artwork on pirate versions or other uses that would compete with the commercial purpose of the original artwork. Purpose of use: Infobox Replaceable: As a book cover, the image is not replaceable by free content; any other image that shows the packaging of the book would also be copyrighted, and any version that is not true to the original would be inadequate for identification or commentary.

title: File:The Straits of Messina.jpg


text:
Sheykhlan

Sheykhlan (, also Romanized as Sheykhlān) is a village in Fazl Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 60, in 20 families.

title: Sheykhlan


text:
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:Matjaz Ambrozic

 __NOINDEX__

The result of the discussion was: U5'd by Fastily. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 03:11, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

User:Matjaz Ambrozic

Falls afoul of WP:FAKEARTICLE and as an unrefrenced WP:BLP. User has made no other edits, so perhaps this could be CSD U5. Alternative would be Move to sandbox.  — jmcgnh  (talk) (contribs)  09:23, 21 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
User:Bethany.ricker/be bold

Being bold is important on Wikipedia.

Bethany Ricker is a Canadian medical student at Queen's University. She was born April 22, 1996 in Dunnville, Ontario.

title: User:Bethany.ricker/be bold


text:
Talk:Japanese/Japanese writing system

Untitled
Hokay, We used Japanese:Basic Japanese sounds to introduce people to the concepts of mora and the fact that each mora has a single kana character. (Except for the compound mora)

Now, this writing system page is supposed to gently introduce the reader to the concept of three writing systems. Then maybe link off into specialized Hiragana/katakana and Kanji pages.

My complaint is this - You wanted to delete these specialized pages because there were already pages for this stuff in wikipedia. But the wikipedia articles are meant to be basic raw information, not suitable for teaching. Our pages need to teach, therefore they have to take a different approach. This is why I'd vote for keeping the writing system pages, move the extra info on this page to those pages, and keep this page as a simple intro to the writing system. I'd like to hear your arguments for/against. GoodStuff 16:42, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

is it "yi/ye" or "wi/we"? As a seminative speaker of japanese I was taught that it was yi/ye and the charts from my time had them it the "ya" column. Now all I can find are charts with them in the "wa" column. Am I just insane?

After all, "yido" (well) sounds a lot more like "ido" than "wido"; and nobody ever spells the old name of tokyo "wedo".

title: Talk:Japanese/Japanese writing system


text:
2019 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival

The 2019 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival (Evropski zimski olimpijski festival mladih 2019) was held in Sarajevo & Istočno Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina from 10 to 15 February 2019.

The event had initially been planned to be held in 2017, whereas the 2019 EYOF had been planned for Erzurum. In November 2015, the two cities agreed to swap their events, since Sarajevo and Istočno Sarajevo could not be ready in time, while Erzurum already had facilities in place from the 2011 Winter Universiade.

Within the framework of the EYOF 2019 project, there were around 750 recruited volunteers, the majority of which were students.

Schedule
The competition schedule for the 2019 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival is as follows:

Participating nations
46 national Olympic Committees sent athletes. Azerbaijan, Malta, Monaco did not compete.

Opening ceremony
Opening ceremony was held on City Stadium Koševo on 10 February 2019 at 19:00. The name of the ceremony is "We create together", which is selected as the title of main music-dance performance. Flame at opening ceremony was lit by Larisa Cerić, Bosnian judoka, and event is officially opened by Milorad Dodik, at the time the chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina together with Janez Kocijančić, president of EOC, Abdulah Skaka, mayor of Sarajevo and Nenad Vuković, mayor of Istočno Sarajevo.

Mascot
The official mascot of the EYOF 2019 was Groodvy, created by the Visia Agency from Istočno Sarajevo, and selected after all the votes of fans from social networks. Other proposed mascots were Jezos and Jazzy. The name Groodvy comes from the word grudva which in Bosnian and Serbian language means snowball.

Medals
Medals have irregular shape and represents a snowball that has engraved EYOF marks on either side. Medal award ceremonies were organized daily from 7.30 pm on a specially played floor in the area between the Hills Hotel and the Termal Riviera in Ilidža.

Official song
On 16 January 2019 the official song "Za pravu raju" of the event was presented in Zetra Olympic Hall. At this occasion, Vučko, mascot of the 1984 Winter Olympics, handed "the key of fame and success" to Groodvy as stated by the mayor of Sarajevo, Abdulah Skaka. The song is performed by Elvir Laković Laka, Mirela Laković and Tarik Tanović.

The Flame of peace
Flame of Peace was lit at Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 31 January 2019, after which it started its travel to Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first stop of the flame was in Banja Luka on 1 February 2019. After Banja Luka, the flame was brought to Sarajevo International Airport on 2 February 2019 on board an aircraft of the FlyBosnia company, that had special livery for this EYOF.

During the opening ceremony, the flame of peace was carried by several famous Bosnian sports people, and on the final stage, the flame was carried by Mirsad Fazlagić, Svetlana Kitić, Ajdin Pašović, Nedžad Fazlija, Mirza Teletović, Žana Novaković, Aleksandra Samardžić and Larisa Cerić as the last person who lit the flame on the stadium.

Media
The opening ceremony in Bosnia and Herzegovina was broadcast on BHT 1 and Hayat TV.

Two postal service companies from Bosnia and Herzegovina, BH Pošta and Pošte Srpske, for this occasion issued promotional postal stamps and FDC to commemorate this event.

Closing ceremony
The closing ceremony was held in front of the town administration of Istočno Sarajevo on 15 February 2019. During the closing ceremony, Miligram and Van Gogh, two musical groups from Serbia performed.

The event was officially closed by Milorad Dodik, and the Olympic flag was officially handed to the mayor of Vuokatti, the host town of the next European Youth Olympic Winter Festival, which was held in 2021.


text:
Air Warning Squadron 9

Air Warning Squadron 9 (AWS-9) was a United States Marine Corps aviation command and control squadron during World War II. The squadron's primary mission was to provide aerial surveillance and early warning of approaching enemy aircraft during amphibious assaults. Formed in April 1944, the squadron did not deploy overseas until after the end of the war. It arrived in Tokyo Bay to take part in the occupation of Japan only to find out it was not required. The squadron returned to the U.S. and was decommissioned shortly after in December 1945. To date, no other Marine Corps squadron has carried the lineage and honors of AWS-9 to include the former Marine Air Control Squadron 9 (MACS-9).

Equipment

 * AN/TTQ-1 - transportable filter and operations center.
 * 2 x SCR-270s - long range early warning radar.
 * 1 x SCR-527 - medium-range early warning radar used for ground-controlled interception (GCI).
 * 3 x SCR-602s - Light-weight early warning radar to be utilized during the initial stages of an amphibious assault.

Organization and training
Air Warning Squadron 9 was commissioned on 1 April 1944, as part of Marine Air Warning Group 1 at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina. On 21 April the squadron moved to Marine Corps Outlying Field Oak Grove in Pollocksville, North Carolina. Air Warning Group 1 maintained its training equipment at the Pollocksville site and each new Air Warning Squadron commissioned rotated through for their first familiarization on the gear. While there the squadron conducted more than 250 day interception and 84 night interceptions while working with VMF-511, VMF-512, VMF-513, VMF-514, VMF-314 and VMF-324. On 27 May 1944, the squadron returned to MCAS Cherry Point in preparation for transfer to the west coast.

AWS-9 departed North Carolina via rail on 5 June 1944, arriving at Marine Corps Air Depot Miramar, California on 10 June. At Miramar, AWS-9 fell under the command of Air Warning Group 2. In early June the squadron began drawing training equipment from AWG-2 in preparation for additional training throughout Southern California. Besides MCAD Miramar, the squadron also sent training detachments to Camp Callan near La Jolla and Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton. On 10 November 1944, the squadron's duties were changed to that of a replacement training squadron for air warning personnel. The squadron was relocated to Marine Corps Auxiliary Airfield Gillespie just south east of MCAD Miramar in January 1945.

Deployment to the Pacific and decommissioning
On 1 February 1945, the squadron was reverted to being a combat squadron and began preparing for deployment to the Pacific Theater. The squadron sent detachments to Ream Field in Imperial Beach and Camp Callan. In April the squadron began training on new radar equipment fielded to include the SK-1M, SP-1M, and AN/TPS-1B. On 15 May the squadron received a warning order to be prepared to deploy overseas. 2 officers and 29 enlisted marines departed San Diego 28 May on board the USS Algol (AKA-54) and the remaining 27 officers and 285 enlisted men departed on 30 May on board the USS Cleburne (APA-73).

AWS-9 Marine disembarked at Pearl Harbor between 4-6 Jun and moved to Marine Corps Air Station Ewa where it fell under the command of the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing. While at MCAS Ewa the squadron went to the field for additional training on nighttime GCI. On 23 August, the squadron received a warning order which cancelled all training and order preparation for immediate embarkation on amphibious shipping. Squadron departed Pearl Harbor on 13 September onboard LST 487 & LST-564. The LSTs arrived at the fleet anchorage at Eniwetok Atoll on 23 September and remained there until 7 October. On 18 October AWS-9 arrived in Tokyo Bay off Yokosuka Naval Base. Marine Aircraft Group 31 (MAG-31) informed squadron leadership at that time that its services were not required for occupation duty.

AWS-9 was decommissioned on 8 December 1945.

Commanding officers

 * Capt Leon H. Connell - 1 April 1944 – 16 February 1945
 * Capt William A. McCluskey - 17 February 1945 - Unknown

Notable former members

 * Edward S. Fris - later became a lieutenant general in the Marine Corps serving as the Deputy Commandant for Aviation.

Unit awards
A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation. What follows is an incomplete list of the awards AWS-9 has been presented with:

title: Air Warning Squadron 9


text:
Vostřák

Vostřák is a Czech surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Pavel Vostřák (born 1972), Czech ice hockey player
 * Zbyněk Vostřák (1920–1985), Czech composer

title: Vostřák


text:
Albert Goldfield

The Albert Goldfield (or Albert mining district) is an area of 1300 square kilometres (500 square miles) in the outback of New South Wales where gold was discovered in 1880.

Gold was found at Mount Browne, which is 53 km south west of Tibooburra. There were other finds at Good Friday, Easter Monday, Nuggerty, Pioneer Reef and Warratta Creek.

The Albert Goldfield region is very hot and dry. Summer temperatures on the Gold field can reach 50 °C. Because of the shortage of water, towns were started at Milparinka and Tibooburra where there was water available. Towns at Albert and Mount Browne did not last for long because of the lack of water. By 1881 there were more than 2000 people living on the gold diggings or in the towns. Geologist W.H.J. Slee was appointed resident Goldfield Warden. There was no water in the mine area to use in separating the placer gold. Miners either took their dirt to one of the towns to use water to pan for the gold, or used a method called dry blowing, which is an adaptation of the agricultural technique of winnowing.

A contemporary description of the dry blowing process used at Mount Browne in 1881 states that miners there went to work with "a small broom made of twigs and a tin dish". A miner would use his broom to sweep dust and rock fragments from surface exposures of slate and collect it in the tin dish. Once his dish was "about half full of dirt", the miner would stand "with his back or side to the wind ... and begin throwing the stuff up and catching it, or sometimes slowly pouring it from one dish to another", allowing the wind to carry away the less dense particles, leaving the gold behind in the dish. This process required "very dry surface dirt." When "good sized nuggets" were found, they were removed from the dish before the remaining material was processed. If he saw smaller pieces of gold in the dish, the miner might use his own breath to blow the sand and dust away. The observer found the dry blowing process to be "both tedious and unhealthy."

Life on the goldfields was hard, water was scarce, fresh fruit and vegetables were unavailable, and basic commodities, such as flour, were very expensive. Disease, including cholera and typhoid, was common.

The village of Albert itself at its height had a population of 900. In June 1902 a large meteorite landed at nearby Mt Brown.

By 1893 the gold rush had ended and most people had left the goldfields.

An area of surviving ruins from the goldfield are listed on the New South Wales Heritage Register.

title: Albert Goldfield


text:
Tonghua (disambiguation)

Tonghua or Tong Hua may refer to:

Places

 * Tonghua City
 * Tonghua County
 * Tonghua Province

People

 * Tong Hua (writer), Chinese romance novelist who writes under the pseudonym "Zhang Xiaosan"

Other uses

 * Tong Hua, an alternate name for Fairy Tale, an album by Michael Wong

title: Tonghua (disambiguation)


text:
godfearing

Etymology
From 🇰🇲, likely an alteration of and  (whence modern 🇨🇬), from. Compare.

Adjective

 * 1) Acting with obedience to rules established by a deity out of fear of the power of that deity.
 * 2) ; pious; very religious.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: gudfrygtig
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: Jumalaa pelkäävä, jumalaa pelkäävä
 * German:
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian:, богобоя́зни́й,

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: gudfrygtig
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:, ,
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Vietnamese:

title: godfearing


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Dan Coogan

Dan Coogan

 * ... that Major League Baseball player Dan Coogan later coached the baseball teams at the University of Pennsylvania, Cornell University, Bowdoin College, and Georgetown University?
 * Reviewed: 2012 Major League Baseball All-Star Game

Created/expanded by PM800 (talk). Self nom at 02:41, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Symbol confirmed.svg New enough and long enough. Article is fully supported by inline sources.  QPQ is done.  No images to check.   Hook is properly formatted.  No plagiarism concerns after spot check.   Article is neutral enough.  Hooked fact found in article. Hooked fact supported by inline citations. --LauraHale (talk) 05:47, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Good to go. --LauraHale (talk) 05:47, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ


text:
User:Thurm64

Hi, I'm Thurm64. I am a new user in my first year of wikipedia.

Who I am
I live in the area of Cleveland, Ohio, and am a member of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Other interests of mine include video games, programming, and sports.

As a new user, I appreciate any help I can get, so please give me any feedback you have on my talk page.

I am currently in school, but I tend to edit a lot during the school day. I also edit from 5-9 EST sometimes, and rarely later. Sorry if I am delayed in any response.

title: User:Thurm64


text:
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Bruffmoo/Archive

09 February 2015

 * Suspected sockpuppets

 * User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
 * Editor interaction utility

Almost entirely the same username; same nonconstructive edits Thelimiter (talk) 15:45, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

Comments by other users
''Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.'' Also User:Bruhmove Deunanknute (talk) 15:47, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

Sorry for the edits my friend stole my computer I am stopping now thanks for the notification alright thanks no need for investigation bye and thanks

THAT IS NOT MY ACCOUNT I SWEAR THEY ARE TRYING TO GET ME BANNED PLEASE ITS NOT ME I SWEAR I TRIED TO CHANGE THEIR EDITS BACK TO WHAT THEY SHOULD BE AND I GOT A WARNING FOR IT BAN THEM NOT ME — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bruhmove (talk • contribs) 16:03, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * - Unnecessary. —DoRD (talk) 16:20, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * All blocked as vandalism-only accounts. —DoRD (talk) 16:20, 9 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Catholic Academy of Sunnyvale

Catholic Academy of Sunnyvale is a Roman Catholic elementary school in the Diocese of San Jose San Jose, California. It has approximately 200 + students, from kindergarten to eighth grade. The last principal was Diane Rabago, but is now being managed by Susan Morissey since 2015. The school consolidated St. Cyprian School with St. Martin School in Sunnyvale, CA to form the Catholic Academy of Sunnyvale.

History
In 1966, the Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, from Pennsylvania, came to St. Cyprian Parish at the request of Rev. John Gallagher. The IHM community provided the pastor with three sisters to open the school in September 1968, with an enrollment of sixty-two students in Grades 1–3.

Adding a new grade each year, the first graduation was held in 1974. In 1985, a multi-purpose hall was constructed and, in 1986, a library was added to this facility and the Church sacristy was converted for use as a Kindergarten.

The Extended Care program was begun in 1990 and in the fall of 1991, the outdoor eating area for the students had concrete padding installed. Art classes with specialists were also begun.

A major facilities expansion was completed in 2002, including a new kindergarten room, library, science lab, computer lab, counseling and tutoring rooms, and extended care facility. In addition, a new parish center and a renovated gymnasium complete the major overhaul of the school.

Curriculum
The school provides a comprehensive curriculum for grades K-8 with an emphasis on core subjects including Religion, Mathematics, Language Arts, Social Studies, and Science. In addition, enrichment courses include Computer Education, Art, Music, Band, and Physical Educations. Students in upper grades experience departmentalized teaching with an emphasis on high school preparation. This includes studying a foreign language and learning how to take lecture notes.

title: Catholic Academy of Sunnyvale


text:
Talk:2013–2014 Massachusetts legislature

Wikidata list
List of members of the 2013–2014 Massachusetts legislature in Wikidata: < https://w.wiki/37uJ >. -- M2545 (talk) 14:36, 15 December 2020 (UTC)


text:
Surgical Procedures

 * 1) /Abdominoplasty/
 * 2) /Adenoidectomy/
 * 3) /Amputation/
 * 4) /Melanoma/
 * 5) /Mandibular Fractures/
 * 6) /General Surgery Guidelines/
 * 7) /Abdominal Surgery/
 * 8) Cholecystectomy
 * 9) *Open Cholecystectomy
 * 10) *Lap Cholecystectomy
 * 11) Cholecystitis
 * 12) Cholecystography
 * 13) Cholelithiasis
 * 14) Choledocholithiasis
 * 15) /General Surgery/
 * 16) /Acid Base Disorder/
 * 17) /Plastic Surgery/

'' Notice! This Wikibook is by no means intended to be a guide to "at-home" surgery. Surgical illness should only be managed by a professional medical expert (e.g Surgeon). ''

title: Surgical Procedures


text:
Geodesy

What is geodesy? Webster defines geodesy as "that branch of applied mathematics which determines by observation and measurement the exact positions of points and the figures and areas of large portions of the earth's surface, the shape and size of the earth, and the variations of terrestrial gravity." It is a specialized application of several familiar facets of basic mathematical and physical concepts. In practice, geodesy uses the principles of mathematics, astronomy and physics, and applies them within the capabilities of modern engineering and technology.

In the past, military geodesy was largely involved with the practical aspect of the determination of exact positions of points on the Earth's surface for mapping or artillery control purposes. The determination of the precise size and shape of the earth had a purely scientific role. Modern requirements are for answers to problems in satellite tracking, global navigation and defensive missile operations.

 * 1) History of Geodesy
 * 2) Figure of the Earth
 * 3) Geodetic Surveying Techniques
 * 4) Geodetic Systems
 * 5) Physical Geodesy
 * 6) Satellite Geodesy
 * 7) Other Developments in Geodesy
 * 8) The World Geodetic System

title: Geodesy


text:
Richmond Police Department

Richmond Police Department may refer to:

 * Richmond Police Department (California), in Richmond, California, US
 * Richmond Police Department (Virginia), in Richmond, Virginia, US

title: Richmond Police Department


text:
Jim Camp

James Vernon Camp (August 8, 1924 – January 31, 2002) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at George Washington University from 1961 to 1966, compiling a record of 23–34. A native of Danville, Virginia, Camp played college football at Randolph–Macon College in 1942 and at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1944 to 1947. He played professionally for one season, in 1948, with the Brooklyn Dodgers of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC).

title: Jim Camp


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Loyd

The result of the debate was Speedily deleted since the intersection of notable musicians and musicians with Myspace pages is the null set. Just zis Guy you know? 12:17, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Loyd
Non-notable amateur musician. Author deleted db-bio without comment. Henning Makholm 11:52, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete stick the db-bio back on it.--Blue520 12:11, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Loyd


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Dhoom Machaao Dhoom episodes

The result was   no consensus. Without prejudice toward a future Merge discussion. Mark Arsten (talk) 20:10, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

List of Dhoom Machaao Dhoom episodes

 * – ( View AfD View log  •  Stats )

List of encyclopedic information missing out from what the usual "List of episodes" should have. Includes only date of telecast and episode titles and plot; all unreferenced. The plot is also written in a advertisement manner, (What will happen?!) also gives writers opinions (However, it could have been divided into two episodes.), gives trivial info (Registration number was Mum889956671566787, Stops on Kajal's face, Stops on Malini's face, Stops on Amir's face, Stops on Koel's face). Such a garbage fan-forum article. §§AnimeshKulkarni (talk) 15:54, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 01:40, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Television-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 01:40, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Lists-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 01:40, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

 * Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, BusterD (talk) 20:47, 17 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Delete as lacking coverage. Stuartyeates (talk) 09:17, 20 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

 * Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Courcelles 00:02, 24 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Delete No evidence that this satisfies WP:LISTN. Warden (talk) 10:52, 24 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Doesn't need to, as that's not the proper analysis here; it makes zero sense to speak of the "notability of the episodes as a group" as LISTN would ask somehow separate of the notability of the series of which the episodes are parts. postdlf (talk) 15:33, 24 July 2012 (UTC)
 * As a list of episodes is an integral part of the topic of a TV series, the proper standards are instead WP:WHENSPLIT and (less importantly here) WP:LISTPURP. So unless it is unverifiable (can that be the case for any TV series broadcast by a major cable network in India? the nom seems to think so, I don't know), it should either be merged to the series article or remain a standalone list. postdlf (talk) 15:33, 24 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

 * Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Mark Arsten (talk) 15:19, 31 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Keep: Postdlf is substantially correct. The principal guidance document is WP:SAL.  Our normal custom and practice with TV shows is to merge back to the main article (Dhoom Machaao Dhoom) or keep as a standalone list.  Bearing in mind WP:ATD and WP:BEFORE, I cannot see how it could possibly be compliant with our guidelines to turn this into a redlink.— S Marshall  T/C 00:05, 1 August 2012 (UTC)
 * So you mean we should merge it back in the main article and then delete it from there as we in general don't keep anything that is unreferenced on Wikipedia? §§AnimeshKulkarni (talk) 09:50, 1 August 2012 (UTC)
 * What makes you think we delete anything that is merely unreferenced? postdlf (talk) 14:48, 1 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Practically we don't. But ideally we should. Shouldn't we? §§AnimeshKulkarni (talk) 14:52, 1 August 2012 (UTC)
 * No. postdlf (talk) 15:13, 1 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Absolutely. The fact that something's unreferenced is certainly not an indication that it should be removed.  Factual, uncontroversial material should typically be kept in some form.— S Marshall  T/C 15:32, 1 August 2012 (UTC)
 * On what basis is this all factual? Is it verifiable? §§AnimeshKulkarni (talk) 07:25, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I'll assume you're asking about WP:V, Animeshkulkarni, rather than for a discussion about the finer points of epistemology.  I've spent a great deal of time reflecting on WP:V.  I was one of those involved in drafting the current text, and it was me, personally, who wrote the phrase "even if you're sure something is true, it must be verifiable before you can add it"—which I suspect is what you're alluding to. WP:V refers to contentious material.  It means anything, and I quote, "challenged or likely to be challenged".  It does not mean uncontroversial statements of fact.  Wikipedia policies are supposed to be applied carefully, thoughtfully and on the basis of good editorial judgment.  They were never meant as a way of removing perfectly accurate, non-promotional, non-defamational, copyright-compliant material from our encyclopaedia.  It is good editorial judgment to leave such material untouched and concentrate on the problematic stuff.  Unfortunately WP:Editorial judgment is still a redlink, and I wonder if my next policy-related effort should not be to make that blue.— S Marshall  T/C 12:05, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * (Oh! Founding father here!) I understand that "uncontroversial" statements of fact do not require sources. Here the show itself is the primary source and we have to believe in good faith on whatever is written here is true. But are our standards gonna steep so low that the whole article is okay to be unsourced? Also "uncontroversial" is a relative term. Plus i don't know if we should keep such poorly written article. Ofcourse someone can rewrite it. And someone should have do it since 2009 had it been any notable at all. Not a valid point to gauge notability, i know. There can be a new user just registering who would clean this all and make it a FL if you like. But till then do we keep such articles? Maybe your editorial judgement essay should write about this. §§AnimeshKulkarni (talk) 12:27, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * You still haven't advanced an argument that this episode information is unverifiable or that the series is not notable. So you're using a lot of words without saying anything relevant to the issue of deletion, with a lot of simply incorrect assertions along the way (you insisted "...as we in general don't keep anything that is unreferenced on Wikipedia", then you acknowledge "Practically we don't [delete content merely for being unreferenced]. But ideally we should." Then why did you insist in the first place that we did?). Now you say, "Of course someone can rewrite it." Then this AFD should be closed as "keep". postdlf (talk) 17:08, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

Okay fine! Keep it. Amongst all the garbage some more. §§AnimeshKulkarni (talk) 20:36, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I cant close the AfD now as some editors have voted for deletion. Or else i would have closed it. §§AnimeshKulkarni (talk) 20:37, 2 August 2012 (UTC)