text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Athletics/Tasks/Top 10 athletes (2014)

This is a list of athletes without an article who featured within the top-10 rankings of a World Championships in Athletics event in 2014.

The act of featuring the top 10 does not in itself make an athlete automatically notable, but it often indicates that the athlete performs at a notable level of the sport – many will have competed internationally. Significant exceptions include US college athletes, one-off performances, and athletes from nations which have significant strength in depth in certain events.

Walks are excluded due to the often varying judging standards in national competitions (which usually provide the fastest times).

 * Note: Athletes in bold featured in the top five of their discipline
 * At creation in February 2015 there were 24 missing top-10 men and 17 missing top-10 women (including 9 top-5 men and 4 top-5 women)

Men
• ;100 m

• Kemarley Brown

• ;3000 m

• Yomif Kejelcha

• ;5000 m

• Lawi Lalang

• ;10,000 m

• Stephen Sambu

• Leonard Barsoton

• William Sitonik

• Edward Waweru

• Jeremiah Thuku

• ;110 m hurdles

• Aleec Harris

• ;400 m hurdles

• Annsert Whyte

• ;3000 m s'chase

• Gilbert Kirui

• ;Half marathon

• Abraham Cheroben (WL)

• Mosinet Geremew

• Cyprian Kotut

• ;Pole vault

• Piotr Lisek

• ;Long jump

• Jarrion Lawson

• Tyron Stewart

• ;Shot put

• Ryan Crouser

• Jordan Clarke

• ;Discus throw

• Daniel Ståhl

• Andrew Evans

• Philip Milanov

• ;Javelin throw

• Ryohei Arai

• Andreas Hofmann

Women
• ;200 m

• Olivia Ekponé

• ;400 m

• Courtney Okolo

• Kendall Baisden

• ;3000 m s'chse

• Hyvin Kiyeng Jepkemoi

• ;5000 m

• Alemitu Heroye

• ;10,000 m

• Doricah Obare

• ;100 m hurdles

• Kristi Castlin

• Keni Harrison

• ;400 m hurdles

• Cassandra Tate

• ;Marathon

• Tigist Tufa

• Birhane Dibaba

• ;Long jump

• Anna Klyashtornaya

• ;Triple jump

• Yosiri Urrutia

• ;Shot put

• Halyna Obleshchuk

• Felisha Johnson

• ;Discus

• Yekaterina Strokova

• Aliona Dubitskaya


text:
Talk:ATP Finals

1971 carpet
Per "The Province" newspaper of 6 December 1971 (page 17), the event in Paris was played on carpet. I sourced it in the article. To quote "The Providence" on Dec 6 1971: "'Smith and Barthes now have two victories each. Ilie Nastase of Romania has one victory. Kodes one victory and one defeat, Graebner one defeat, and Richey and Franulovic two defeats. The double losses leave Richey and Franulovic little hope of capturing the $15,000 first prize in the tournament being played on a fast synthetic carpet at the Coubertin Stadium.'" With that source we will need some strong denials from other sources. It also brings into quest the other changes made by an anon IP (and any clones) that have no sourcing and no edit summaries. Fyunck(click) (talk) 21:33, 25 October 2019 (UTC)

Layout
while some of your recent edits on the article are good and can be seen as improvements, there still some edits I don't really understand. Please, remember we don't need to list every champion because there are already lists for all winners in the same page. We have similar limits on Slams and Masters lists of champions. Sometimes your in good faith edits really mess up the layouts of articles/sections and I hope you can review the non-minor ones on a laptop before submitting. ForzaUV (talk) 15:32, 19 November 2021 (UTC)

 * @ForzaUV I am not gonna argue with you. You know better than myself, because you are, at the end of the day, more experienced than I am. What you edit out or add in, I am fine with it. That is all I have to say. Qwerty284651 (talk) 15:50, 19 November 2021 (UTC)
 * please self-revert your most recent edit. There is no redundancy, it's a different stat and you can find it in many tennis articles. ForzaUV (talk) 17:53, 21 November 2021 (UTC)
 * We'll see about that. Qwerty284651 (talk) 20:05, 21 November 2021 (UTC)

Editions played
The info in the table 'Editions played' doesn't reflect that in the table 'Most Years Qualified' in the reference https://www.nittoatpfinals.com/en/heritage/historical-stats

Anyone knows why?

ziMBRicchio (talk) 17:11, 15 November 2022 (UTC)

Can we have surface designations?
It would make sense, since tournament doesn't have a permanent venue or surfaces.

Ricardo ~ <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:17, 22 November 2022 (UTC)
 * We do already. Under the heading Singles venues. Fyunck(click) (talk) 18:50, 20 June 2023 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:ATP Finals


text:
User:Yeetbeet

TEMPORAL DYSPLASIA
Temporal Dysplasia Disorder, or TDD, is a rare, stress-related disorder. TDD is most common in school or work related environments.

Side Effects

Side effects include:

Heat flashes

Chills

NOT CONTAGIOUS

title: User:Yeetbeet


text:
Dutch/Alfabet

Het alfabet ~ The alphabet
The Dutch alphabet, like English, consists of 26 basic letters. However, there are also a number of letter combinations. The following table includes a listing of all these letters and a guide to their pronunciation. As in English, letter sounds can differ depending upon where within a word the letter occurs. The first pronunciation given below (second column) is that in English of the letter (or combination) itself. Reading down this column and pronouncing the "English" words will recite the alphabet in het Nederlands (in Dutch). Note that letter order is exactly the same as in English, but pronunciation is not the same for many of the letters. Trouble areas for Anglophones are marked in red

Diacritics
Diacritics are not very numerous in Dutch and they are mostly limited to loans, but the orthography does for example demand a diaeresis, mostly on ë and ï in words like geërgerd, geïnteresseerd. It marks the boundary of two syllables and is fairly common. It is not to be confused with the German umlaut that only occurs on a few German loans like überhaupt.

Less commonly, the orthography also allows stress marks to be added. Acute accents can be used for that purpose, but only then if:
 * 1) special and unusual emphasis in sentence is to be indicated, e.g. to express surprise
 * Heb je een áúto?!
 * 1) the context leaves doubt about the identity of the word:
 * Een school doorlópen is niet hetzelfde als een school dóórlopen.

There are some 200 words and word forms that occur in two forms that only differ in stress pattern, where that can be an issue.

For diphthongs and doubled vowels both vowels are marked as in áúto. In principle this holds for the digraph ij as well. The j should also get an acute, but computers usually do not facilitate that. Here we will write íj if the need arises.

A stress mark is not be confused with an accent grave, aigu or circonflex as it can occur on the more numerous French loans like café, à propos or maîtresse. Interestingly Dutch orthography maintains the î in the latter, although French dropped it in 1990. The grave is also used on the verb blèren. It is an indigenous onomatopoeia that mimics the bleating of sheep with an unusual long [ɛ:] sound.

The cedille is rare but occurs in a few French and Portuguese loans like façade, Curaçao

A useful tip is to install a Dutch international keyboard. For Microsoft operating systems this will tell you how to proceed.

Klinkers
Dutch has quite a few vowels (13). To be well understood by a native speaker it is imperative to master them, which can be quite challenge for native speakers of languages that rely more on their many consonants such as Russian. One general observation is that they are always pronounced as more or less pure (or only slightly diphthongized) vowels as in French, never quite as drawled or 'chewed upon' as in many varieties of English. Admittedly this does vary from speaker to speaker and region to region, but for Anglophones it is certainly advisable to limit the 'drawling'.

Most vowels occur in pairs that are traditionally indicated by the terms short and long. Unfortunately, this nomenclature is rather misleading because the difference is not so much a matter of length, but rather a difference in the position of the tongue root (lax vs. tense, or in Dutch: gedekt and open, covered and open).

Which variety occurs in a word is shown pretty systematically in Dutch spelling, using the spelling rule a described below.

In addition there is a neutral vowel that occurs in almost all unstressed syllables, the schwa /ə/ as is does more or less in English as well. It is spelled with an 'e', so that this letter has three meanings: the above two in stressed syllables, the schwa in unstressed ones.

The spelling rule
The vowels oe and eu are single, but as we saw above five vowels occur in open/covered pairs: a, e, i, o, u. There is a systematic way in the spelling to indicate which of the two varieties is intended.
 * An open syllable ending in a vowel has the 'long' open variety,
 * A closed syllable ending in one or more consonants has the 'short' covered variety..

 * Example:

If a conflict arises, either the vowel or the consonant is doubled:

 * zaak - zaken both have /a/ (business - businesses)
 * zak - zakken both have /ɑ/ (bag- bags)

Notice how the formation of the plural necessitates a good mastery of this principle. The vowels oe and eu do not exhibit the dual quality of the other vowels.

The case of the letter i is a bit special. There has been a double ii in the past but to avoid confusion with a hand-written u it was replaced by ij. Afterwards the long /i:/ sound it represented became a diphthong /ɛɪ̯/ (although many dialects retain /i/). To write the /i/ sound Dutch mostly uses -ie.

The covered version as in rit corresponds more to the English sound in will or rid, than to the German sound in mit or Kind.

As said above, the distinction 'short'-'long' has little to do with pure length, because the change from open to closed is much more important. There is an exception. In front of -r the long vowel may indeed just be the same vowel held a bit longer:

In front of -r there are a few other oddities:

The u
Notice the value of the open letter 'u' in Dutch. As in French it denotes the /y/ sound. Thus, in German it corresponds to ü.

Open variety It is relatively rare in Dutch because most words that used to have it have shifted it to the diphthong ui. It occurs mostly at the end of words like u, nu or in front of a w or r: ruw, stuur.

 * Trick: whistle a high note; freeze your lips, tongue and sing instead of blowing. Your tongue should be right behind your front teeth and your lips strongly rounded as gripping a small straw.

Closed variety

 * North Carolinians have no problem with this sound. They use it all the time in words like but, buddy, Jesus etc. It is a bit farther back in the mouth than in most American speech.

The oe
This combination represents the [u] sound in German Mut or Spanish tu. Most languages use 'u' as German and Latin. (French uses 'ou', English often used 'oo', although it does have words like shoe). The Dutch /u/ sound is strongly rounded and dark with the tongue pretty far retracted back in the mouth. American 'oo' sounds tend to be intermediary between /u/ and /y/ and that is a problem. Compare:

The eu
This combination represents another difficult vowel for Anglophones. In German it is written as ö as in Möwe. In IPA as [ø].

Before "r" vowels have a tendency to be modified:

Diphthongs

 * ei and ij are both /ɛɪ̯/

 * au and ou are both /au/ as in English now

 * ui is /ʌy/ needs to be learned by ear, it is a bit like in French l'oeil.

 * aai is /aɪ̯/

 * ooi is /oɪ̯/

 * ieu is /iu/ or /iy/

 * eeu is /eu/

 * uw is /yu/

Diphthongs like /ɔɪ̯/ (as in English toy) or /ɑɪ̯/ (as in English my) are not used in the standard language. In various dialects they do occur and producing them is often frowned upon. They are considered 'lower class' in many circles.

In unstressed syllables like the suffix -lijk the ij represents a schwa.

Medeklinkers
Most consonants in Dutch are pronounced more or less the same way as in English but there are a number of notable exceptions. First of all a number of phonemes that English has are simply missing in Dutch. Phonemes are sounds that suffice in marking one word as different from the other.

Missing phonemes

 * /θ/ : th as in thing.
 * /ð/ : th as in that.
 * /g/ : g as in good.

Please avoid these sounds when speaking Dutch.

Even /ʃ/ : sh as in ship is not really a native Dutch sound, but it occurs in quite a few loans from various sources (Frisian, English, German, French) and as most Dutch people learn English these days they are quite familiar with it. The same thing goes for /ʒ/ as in garage and their affricate versions as in /ʧ/ in church or /ʤ/ George. None of them are native to Dutch.

The g, ch and sch problem
The spelling sch- can be rather confusing for people familiar with some German. In German it is used to write the /ʃ/ sound, where English uses sh-. In Dutch the sch- combination also occurs quite frequently but is pronounced rather differently. In most cases it presents a combination of s+ch where the latter is the voiceless velar fricative /x/ as heard in German Bach or Scottish loch.

 * schip : /sxɪp/

In older versions of the orthography (prior to 1947) the combination -sch represented a simple /s/ sound in final position. The guttural ch at the end had gone mute. (Originally it represented a k- sound as it still does in some dialects and in Frisian). The final -s ch spelling is still used for one rather common ending: -is ch and also in numerous geographical names as they have never been altered in spelling:

 * chaotis ch : /xa'oːtis}}/ (not: xa'oːtiʃ/
 * 's-Hertogenbos ch : /sɛrtoːɣən'bɔs/, (not: /ʃɛr'toːɣənboʃ/ )

In principle Dutch has both a voiceless and a voiced velar fricative and the letter 'g' represents the voiced one and the combination 'ch' the voiceless one. However, the number of words where this creates a phonemic distinction is very small:

 * logen /ˈloːɣən}}/ contrasts with:  loochen  /ˈloːxən/

It depends on the region whether this distinction is actually made in the spoken language. Around Amsterdam it would not be, further south the phoneme 'g' is often pronounced as a voiced palatal fricative, so that the difference becomes more pronounced.

Worldwide, the voiced /ɣ/ sound is pretty rare. It only occurs in a few languages like Arabic and Gaelic. As many native speakers do not use it either, it is recommended not to bother about it and use the voiceless /x/ for both, unless your mother tongue happens to have the difference.

The Dutch "r"
Another, similar, problem for English-speaking learners is the Dutch "r". Essentially there are two, both of which were historically trilled.

Alveolar
The first, alveolar /r/, is the "rolling" trilled "r" also used in Spanish, produced with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge. This sound was considered standard only a few decades ago and is still used by quite a few speakers. That includes the author of this book, who grew up at the southern edge of the Randstad, the Drechtsteden region, as well as many people outside the Randstad, including Flanders.

Uvular
However, particularly in the Randstad, the rolling alveolar /r/ is gradually replaced by a voiced velar or uvular trill [ʁ], which is also used in many dialects of German; it is also similar to the French "r", but is voiced and articulated somewhat further forward (it is less "throaty"). Both /r/ and /ʁ/ sounds are often not trilled when spoken by native speakers; the alveolar [r] is more often a light tap, while the uvular /ʁ/ can turn into a fricative or approximant. This also presents a considerable challenge for those unaccustomed to the sound when they are confronted with words like groot ("big"). The first two sounds tend to blend to one lengthy velar/uvular /xoːt/ or /ɣoːt/, which may cause confusion with words like rood (red) and goot (gutter).

Approximant
A third type of r currently making inroads into Dutch is Gooise R (/ɹ/), named after the Gooi area in the Netherlands, where Dutch television is produced (Hilversum) and this speech feature is popularly thought to have originated. This concerns an approximant sound, not unlike American /ɹ/ in words such as bar, without trilling or friction.

Voiceless consonants

 * p represents /p/, but unlike in English it is never aspirated.
 * poot /poːt/, kaap /kaːp/
 * f represents /f/ as in English
 * fuut /fyt/, schaaf /sxaːf/

 * t represents /t/ a true dental. Unlike UK-English it is not aspirated and unlike US-English it does not become a /ɾ/ in the middle of a word.
 * th is retained in the spelling in some words, but it simply represents /t/
 * toe /tu/, beter /ˈbeːtər/
 * s represents /s/
 * samen: /ˈsaːmən/
 * in few cases it can be a /z/ sound but much less frequently so than in German:
 * organisatie: /ɔrɣaːniˈzaːtsi/

The latter word also contains an exception on the rule that t represents /t/. In the ending -tie (corresponding to -tion) it is pronounced as a quick /ʦ/ combination, as in Russian "ц".

 * k represents /k/. again it is never aspirated as often happens in English or German.
 * kop /kɔp/, kraak /kraːk/

In contrast to English it is not silent in combinations like kn-: knie' /kni/

 * ch represents /x/ as discussed above, except in recent English loans. This phoneme is quite common.
 * schraag /sxraːx/, schichtig /ˈsxɪxtəx/

Devoicing and assimilation
As in German, but unlike English all consonants at the ends of words are devoiced (..at the ents off worts are devoist...). You may hear that phenomenon when people speak English with a strong Dutch accent.
 * zaad: /zat/

Assimilation with the previous word often devoices the consonant in initial position as well:
 * het zaad: /tsaːt/

The neutral article het is often reduced to a prefixed t-sound in the spoken language and occasionally rendered as such in the written language as: 't. Het zaad -> 't zaad.

Notice however that both the /z/ and the /d/ reappear in the plural:

 * de zaden: /də ˈzaːdən/

Contrary to d, the letters v and z are not written in the final position in such cases:

 * de vaas - de vazen: /də vas - də ˈvazən/
 * de graaf - de graven /də ɣraf - də ˈɣravən/

Voiced consonants
Apart from the devoicing effects Dutch has the following voiced consonants:

 * b represents /b/ as in English
 * baas /bas/
 * v represents /v/ as in English, although its voicing is less emphatic
 * bevel /bəˈvɛɫ/
 * d represents /d/ as in English
 * dader /ˈdadər/
 * z represents /z/ as in English
 * ziezo! /ziˈzoː/
 * g represents /ɣ/ not /g/ as in English (see above)
 * gegraven /ɣəˈɣraːvən/, gracht /ɣrɑxt/

Around Amsterdam the tendency to devoice is so strong that /v/ /ɣ/ and /z/ are seldom heard in any position. People use /f/, /x/ and /s/ instead.

Liquids, nasals, clusters

 * m represents /m/ as in English
 * mooi [moːi]
 * w represents /ʋ/, it is a labiodental approximant, not a bilabial one. Bring your upper teeth close to your lower lip and produce sound without breath. Put otherwise: produce a v-sound without breath. Speakers from e.g. Surinam often do use the bilabial version.
 * water [ˈʋaːtər]

Thus, in the Netherlands f, v and w are all pronounced with the upper teeth resting on the lower lips but there is a distinction in voicing and in aspiration (blowing)

In erwt /ɛrt/ (pea) the w is silent for most speakers, but in initial wr- (wraak /vraːk/ or /ʋraːk/) w tends to sound more like /v/.

Although the pronunciation of "w" varies, it is not silent as in English. For the combination kn- the same holds: the 'k' is clearly pronounced:

 * n represents /n/ as in English
 * nonnetje /ˈnɔnətjə/ (/ˈnɔnəcə/)

Many plurals (including the plural forms of the verb) have an ending -en. For many speakers this is pronounced as /-ə/ and the final n is dropped, but this is not true for all speakers. It depends strongly on the region of the speech area you are in. Around Amsterdam it is certainly /-ə/, but in Groningen or in West-Flanders it is a syllabic /-n/ instead. It also depends on how well people are trying to articulate or on the next word. If the latter starts with a vowel the -n is more likely to be pronounced.

 * ng /ŋ/ as in English sing, never /ŋg/ as in finger (the latter uses a /g/ that Dutch does not have). It does not occur in initial position, much like in English.
 * vinger /vɪŋər/

Even in loans the /ŋg/ tends to be avoided: mango : [ˈmɑnɣo] or [ˈmɑŋɣo]

 * nk /ŋk/ as in English sink (This involves a /k/ sound that Dutch does have)

 * j represents a /j/ sound, which in English usually written as y. The English j as in Jack is virtually unknown.

 * jacht: /jɑxt/, borrowed into English as: yacht.

In combination with i it forms a diphthong: ij. Although this is a two letter combination, both letters get capitalized at the beginning of a sentence: ijs -> IJs (ice). /ɛis/. The suffix -je that forms the rather ubiquitous diminutives tends to palatellize the previous consonants or even fuse to a palatal stop all together in rapid speech.
 * blaadje /ˈblaːtjə/ (/ˈblacə/

 * y is not a native Dutch letter but it occurs in loans where it is pronounced /i/ or /j/.

 * l represents an /l/ that is neither velarized (dark) as most English l's are, nor is it the slender variety as in German, French (or Irish). It is neutral and in between.
 * lila /ˈlilaː/

 * r can represent a variety of sounds. A rolled 'r' /r/ was more or less the norm, but is heard less and less. A variety of uvular forms is taking its place. Retroflex ones (as in US English) sound distinctly foreign.

 * h represents /ɦ/ a voiced version of the h-sound commonly heard in English and German. It only occurs in initial position of a syllable.
 * behang /bəˈɦɑŋ/, herfst /ɦɛrfst/

 * the glottal stop ` is not rendered in the ortography, unless by a hyphen, e.g. in na-apen /ˈnaʔapən/.

It is much less used than in German, e.g. theater: /teˈjatər/ rather than /teˈʔatər/.

Clusters of consonants are common in Dutch although perhaps less so than in language like Russian. Usually speakers will pronounce all the consonants in the cluster, but if clusters are consecutive, e.g. in compound words, some elision may occur. E.g. in the compound vaststellen typically only one 'st' is actually pronounced. Clusters can occur both initially and finally in a syllable:

 * staal
 * feest
 * spek
 * wesp

Common initial clusters: bl-, br-, chl- chr-, dr-, dw-, fl-, fn-, fr-, gl-, gn-, gr-, kl-, kn-, kr-, kw-, pl-, pr-, sch-, schr-, sf-, sj-, sk-, sl-, sm-, sn-, sp-, spl-, spr-, tr-, tw-, vl-, vr-, wr-, zw-

Syllable Stress
Dutch is -like English and German but unlike French- a typical stress language. One syllable tends to get all the attention. It is at the same time loud, long and high in pitch and it never has a schwa ə. Instead it has a full vowel or a diphthong. Unstressed syllables tend to be short, low, soft and usually have a schwa, although there are exceptions.

Stress is not represented in the spelling unless ambiguity can arise for native speakers. In that case acutes can be added, otherwise orthographic rules demand that they be omitted. For non-native speakers this is a bit of a problem, but often an educated guess can be made which syllable is the stressed one.

Because the schwa is written as a e in the orthography it is often quite clear where the stress falls in a word:

 * verlaten : /vər' la tən/ has only one non-schwa syllable la and sure enough that is where the stress goes.

Unfortunately for the non-native speaker the letter e is also used for other purposes.

 * verleden : /vər' le dən/

The middle -e represent a full /e/ sound (as the ai in bait), but that is only clear for a native speaker. But with a bit of knowledge of grammar it will be clear that /led/ is the root of a verb (lijden actually) and that ver- is a prefix and -en the suffix. In general, the root of a verb (or noun) will get the stress in Dutch.

Of course, there are complicated cases:

 * december : /d e 's ɛ mb ə r/

It's a word which has three e's, each pronounced differently. The first syllable has a full [e] even though it is not stressed.

Of course there are cases where stress is not clear even for native speakers; a good example are the separable and non-separable verbs, e.g. the verb doorlopen can be either dóórlopen or doorlópen with a different conjugation and different meaning.

In such cases Dutch spelling does allow stress patterns to be written with an acute, but only if otherwise confusion might arise.

Some words and names can have rather surprising stress patterns:

 * Veluwe is Véluwe /' ve lyə/ for example, not Velúwe and Enschede is Énschedé, not Enschéde. In names ending in -dam the stress is usually on that syllable: Amsterdám, Rotterdám, unless a contrast is made between them "niet Ámsterdam maar Rótterdam"

Capitalization
The rules for capitalization in Dutch are similar to those in English. Capitalization occurs at the beginning of a sentence. Eigennamen (proper names, e.g., of persons, organisations, countries etc.) are capitalized, but soortnamen (generic names) are not.

As mentioned above, when a word beginning with ij has to be capitalized, both letters become capitals, e.g. IJsselmeer.

Exercise
<< Contents Page

title: Dutch/Alfabet


text:
Φάρος

Etymology
. In one proposed etymology the Ancient Greek name comes from the (unattested) name for the island, corresponding to Coptic ⲫⲁⲣⲉϩ (phareh, “the guard”) = ;

Proper noun

 * 1) Pharos (a former island off Alexandria, Egypt)

Proper noun

 * 1) The Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

title: Φάρος


text:
User:Rellyson/sandbox

Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association
I'm going to try to research and discuss how the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association was formed in San Francisco and for what reason. Using the following sources:

https://himmarklai.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/Historical-Development-of-the-Chinese-Consolidated-Benevolent-Association.pdf?9388f2

http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=The_Six_Companies

http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/chineseinca/sfchinatown.html

http://immigrationtounitedstates.org/428-chinese-six-companies.html

http://www.ccbanyc.org/eaboutus.html

Social, political, and economic influence of CCBA
Since the CCBA inception over 135 years ago it has received a diverse range of publicity from the American media. Much of the attention received often overlooked the cultural differences, which ultimately lead to misunderstanding by much of the American population. This factor and the increasingly anti-Chinese sentiment hastened the need for an empowered Chinese organization in the United States. Thus, the CCBA was formed out of the need for the Chinese to have organized social, political, and economic structures.

From a societal perspective, the CCBA was set up to help the Chinese relocate and travel to and from China. The travel was not limited to living persons, it also included the returning of corpses back to China from the United States. With many families fragmented and dispersed between China and across the U.S., the association additionally allowed for the communal care of the unwell or the poor who often lacked access. In its later and more developed years, as anti-Chinese sentiment was increasing the United States, the organization offered protection. This included protection via litigation and physical protection. Physical abuse was not uncommon in Chinatown from racist American's. Such incidents lead to the rise of groups like the Tongs, which were noted to have protected Chinese from abuse by white miners.

The CCBA also exerted its dominance in the political sphere, becoming authorized to speak on behalf of Chinatown throughout the United States. The board of directors of the CCBA became increasingly powerful as it consisted of wealthy merchants and businessmen, who turned their wealth into power. The board had many dealings with local and federal governments, exerted strong influence through a variety of techniques. One of the methods utilized was the use of a caucasian attorney, who was simultaneously the spokesman of the organization, which likely helped reduce the amount of racial pushback that would have been otherwise received.

A large portion of immigrants from China who came to California through the 1800's came for the promise of work in the gold mines. As the gold caused California's economy to excel the Chinese became an integral piece to this. As gold mines decreased as a source of new jobs, the Chinese found well suited opportunities elsewhere, including but not limited to fishing, food services, farming, and building of railroads. Many in the mid to late 19th century argued that the influx of Chinese immigrants decreased the availability of job prospects for American citizens. However, it has been suggested that this is not the case, due in large part to the language barrier, which forced many of the Chinese to create their own jobs out of necessity.

David Wojnarowicz:
I would like to try to research more of his life as an activist and more specifically how that influenced his art. Another topic that could use more information on the wikipedia page is how much influence his work had on society, as it appears to be substantial. Continuing to research David Wojnarowicz, I think many more interesting topics will come up and would like to adapt those into my research as well.

title: User:Rellyson/sandbox


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Shwet Ashwas

Shwet Ashwas, a motorcycle exhibition team of the military police in India, holds the Guinness World Record for making a pyramid of 133 men on 11 motorcycles over a distance of 350 metres at Bangalore on 22 September 1995.

The team continues to perform in various military events.

title: Shwet Ashwas


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Corryocactus apiciflorus

Corryocactus apiciflorus or is a species of columnar cactus found in  Peru.

Description
Corryocactus apiciflorus grows as a shrub with spreading or ascending, densely thorny shoots up to 50 centimeters long and 2.5 centimeters in diameter. There are eight low ribs. The individual central spine is up to 1 centimeter long. The approximately 10 spread out marginal spines are also up to 1 centimeter long.

The red flowers are up to 4 centimeters long. They appear in groups near the tips of the shoots or sometimes on the sides of the shoots.

Distribution
Corryocactus apiciflorus is distributed in the Peruvian regions of La Libertad, Ancash and Ayacucho.

Taxonomy
The first description as Cereus apiciflorus was made in 1913 by Friedrich Karl Johann Vaupel. The specific epithet apiciflorus is derived from the Latin words apex for 'tip' and -florus for '-flowered' and refers to the flowers that mainly appear at the tips of the shoots. Paul Clifford Hutchison placed the species in the genus Corryocactus in 1963. A nomenclature synonym is Erdisia apiciflora (Vaupel) Werderm. (1940).

title: Corryocactus apiciflorus


text:
MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext

The following modules link to a disambiguation page. They should link to the appropriate topic instead. A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1. Links from other namespaces are not listed here.

title: MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext


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USCA Foot

USCA Foot (Union Sportive de la Commune Urbaine d'Antananarivo) is a football club based in Antananarivo, Madagascar They won the THB Champions League and the Coupe de Madagascar in 2005 and were runners-up in the Coupe in 2004 and 2006. It also competed in the CAF Champions League 2006 beating SS Excelsior of Réunion and Mamelodi Sundowns of South Africa, but failed to qualify for the group stage after losing to Ghanaians Asante Kotoko.

Achievements

 * THB Champions League: 1
 * 2005

 * Coupe de Madagascar: 1
 * 2005

Performance in CAF competitions

 * CAF Champions League: 1 appearance
 * 2006 – second round

 * CAF Confederation Cup: 1 appearance
 * 2005 – first round
 * 2006 – intermediate round

2024 performance
In 2024 USCA Foot reached the 1/4 finals of the Coupe de Madagascar that was lost 1:0 against Inate FC Rouge. The goal was marked by Rina (90+11).
 * USCA Foot (Analamanga) - Inate FC Rouge (Vakinankaratra) 0 : 1

title: USCA Foot


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Unkida

Unkida (Ункида; ГӀункӀкӀида) is a rural locality (a selo) in Rugudzhinsky Selsoviet, Gunibsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 432 as of 2010.

Geography
Unkida is located 20 km southwest of Gunib (the district's administrative centre) by road, on the Betsor River. Kulla and Batsada are the nearest rural localities.

title: Unkida


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London Community Credit Union

London Community Credit Union Limited is a member-owned and led financial co-operative, operating in the London boroughs of Hackney, Haringey, Islington, Newham, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest and the City of London. It has over 17,000 members and 4 branch offices in Bethnal Green, Poplar, Hackney and Stratford.

History
Tower Hamlets Community Credit Union was established in 2000 to serve as part of the council's anti-poverty initiative. A year later, the credit union was recognised as the fastest growing in the UK and became a major partner in the Department for Work and Pensions Growth Fund which promoted improved and affordable access to credit for financially marginalised groups.

In 2010, following expansion into Hackney and surrounding boroughs, Tower Hamlets Credit Union adopted the present name. The smaller Forest Gate (ELWA) Credit Union was formed in 2003, becoming NewCred Community Credit Union in 2005. In late 2014, under pressure from the PRA due to falling below minimum reserves requirements, NewCred members voted to transfer engagements to London Community Credit Union. The credit union was awarded a grant of £100,000 by the Lloyds Banking Group Credit Union Development Fund to support its reserves and enable it to proceed with the merger plans.

London Community Credit Union's original branch in Roman Road, Bow, closed its doors on 31 December 2019.

Activities
Members savings are pooled together and used as a common fund from which they can apply for lower cost loans. Interest earned on these loans is the credit union's main source of income and is used to provide services and pay dividends based on shares.

Forming part of the wider international co-operative movement, there are now 51,000 credit unions in 100 countries, enabling 196 million members to access affordable financial services. The credit union movement in the UK is less developed than other parts of the world, although the sector is growing and there are currently 580, varying in size, membership and services. All members of a credit union must share a common bond. In the case of London Community Credit Union, membership is restricted to individuals living, working or studying in the City of London and London boroughs of Tower Hamlets, Hackney, Newham, Waltham Forest, Islington and Haringey. Relatives living with an existing member are also eligible to join.

Products
London Community Credit Union offers savings, loans and current accounts. In addition to its main "SaverPlus" account in which members are encouraged to save regularly, it offers a Holiday Saver and a Christmas Planner. Withdrawals are restricted from these savings accounts to help members achieve their saving goals.

In 2017 London Community Credit Union launched its own range of current accounts. It offers four option to meet the daily banking needs of members. The top, Gold and Platinum accounts come with a contactless Mastercard debit card.

London Community Credit Union's JamJar accounts are designed for those who need a little extra help with budgeting. For a monthly £3 fee, members can ring-fence money and ensure it is used to pay bills and essential expenses. This money is kept in a separate pot or "jamjar" from everyday spending money.

London Community Credit Union offers a payroll deduction savings and loans scheme in conjunction with the London boroughs of Tower Hamlets, Newham, Hackney, a number of housing associations and community organisations. The credit union is responsible for the operation of the scheme, with the employer facilitating monthly deductions from salary.

Unlike a bank, interest is not paid on savings accounts as profits are shared among members at the end of each year in the form of a dividend payment. Credit unions abide by the democratic principle of one member, one vote, so that all members enjoy an equal say. Members are encouraged to attend the Annual General Meeting and vote on issues, including the election of the board of directors, all of whom serve on a voluntary basis.

London Community Credit Union is authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and PRA. Ultimately, like the banks and building societies, members' savings are protected against business failure by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme.

title: London Community Credit Union


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Američanka

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) American female inhabitant of the United States
 * 2) American female inhabitant of the Americas

Related terms

 * See

Proper noun

 * 1)  (female) American

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) American female inhabitant of the United States
 * 2) American female inhabitant of the Americas

title: Američanka


text:
Talk:Onkaparinga Rugby Union Football Club

Contested deletion
This article should not be speedily deleted for lack of asserted importance because... (your reason here) --Mgun15 (talk) 07:20, 9 February 2015 (UTC)I am the secretary of the club and the administrator of its website


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Taxiphyllum barbieri

Taxiphyllum barbieri, known as Java moss or Bogor moss, is a moss belonging to the family Hypnaceae. Native to Southeast Asia, it is commonly used in freshwater aquariums. It attaches to rocks, roots, and driftwood. In the wild, it grows in humid riparian areas.

It was originally described as Isopterygium barbieri from Vinh, Vietnam.

Description
The species is dioecious and perennial. It forms loose cushions of irregularly arranged branches. Leaves are two-ranked and flat. It has only been recorded in the wild in Vietnam.

Cultivation and uses
In the aquarium trade, Java moss can refer to either Taxiphyllum barbieri or Vesicularia dubyana, and it can be difficult to distinguish between the species. T. barbieri was first introduced to European aquarists in 1968, where it was initially misidentified as Glossadelphus zollingeri.

T. barbieri is one of the most common mosses in the aquarium trade. It does not require any special attention and propagates readily. It accepts all kinds of water, even weakly brackish, and light qualities. It grows best at 68 to 86 F but can live in temperatures outside this range. It makes a good foreground plant. Due to its clinging nature, Java moss can be made into a moss carpet.

It is trendy among aquarists raising fry (baby fish) and tadpoles, to protect them from cannibalistic adults. Some shrimp feed on the various microorganisms and detritus that collect on the moss.

Java moss can be easily propagated via division. It is suitable for both aquatic and terrestrial cultivation in vivariums. Spore capsules are rarely formed in cultivation.

title: Taxiphyllum barbieri


text:
Portrait of Cardinal Richelieu

Portrait of Cardinal Richelieu is a portrait painting by the Flemish-born French painter Philippe de Champaigne, Richelieu's favourite portraitist. It was painted a few months before the cardinal's death, in 1642, and is now in the Musée des Beaux-Arts of Strasbourg. Its inventory number is 987–2–1.

The painting originally consisted of at least two portraits of Richelieu: right profile and frontal. The frontal portrait was cut off at some point and lost; X-ray examinations of the painting have revealed that it has once existed and that the remaining trace has been concealed by an added border. Conversely, it is not established if a left profile portrait on the same canvas had once existed as well. The Strasbourg version (as a double or maybe triple portrait) then served as the basis for the Triple Portrait of Cardinal de Richelieu, which was mostly painted by Champaigne's workshop, and is considered artistically inferior. The Triple Portrait was in turn used as a model for a bust.

title: Portrait of Cardinal Richelieu


text:
Chalmers Archer

Chalmers Archer (April 21, 1928 – February 24, 2014) was an African-American author and professor. He wrote a memoir about his early experiences in the segregated South, Growing Up Black in Rural Mississippi, and his experiences as a medic in the Special Forces (United States Army) inspired his book Green Berets in the Vanguard. He received the Afro-Achievement Award in 1994 for distinguished lifetime achievement in education.

Early life
Archer was born in Tchula, Mississippi, one of the six children of Eva Rutherford Archer and Chalmers Archer, Sr. His mother was a teacher and librarian and his father was a veteran of World War I and a farmer. While he was a child, his father and uncles rented four hundred acres called "The Place," where they farmed the land, grew livestock and built smokehouses. He remembers the strong, interdependent black community and how supportive it was for young people growing up.

When he was 12 years old, his family moved to Lexington, Mississippi. He graduated from Ambrose Vocational High School, a segregated school for blacks. Archer noted that it was never intended to be an academic institution because blacks were "not supposed to be intellectually capable of absorbing anything but vocational training," and he noted that the substandard building was not improved until the 1950s after the Supreme Court of the United States had rejected the practice of "separate but equal." Archer had to walk a mile farther to this school than he would have had to if he had been allowed to attend Lexington High School. When Holmes County, Mississippi began providing school bus service, it was only for white students, and Archer was not allowed to ride to school like white neighbors.

After graduating from high school, Archer attended Tuskegee University for a year before he volunteered for the United States Army Air Forces.

Career
Archer served in the United States Army Air Forces for one year before transferring to the United States Army. He served on a medical team as a Master Sergeant Technician during the Korean War. Archer then began training at the Psychological Warfare Center at Ft. Bragg, which become a center for unconventional warfare. He was assigned to clandestine operations in Thailand in 1956 and in Taiwan in 1957. Serving in the newly formed 1st Special Forces Group (United States) he went to Vietnam beginning in 1957. He was a part of a team that suffered some of the first American casualties of the Vietnam War near Nha Trang on October 21, 1957, with the death of Capt. Harry Griffith Cramer, Jr. and injuries to other soldiers. His experiences informed his book, Green Berets in the Vanguard: Inside Special Forces, 1953–1963 (Naval Institute Special Warfare), published in 2001.

In 1967 Archer left the army to complete his education. He graduated from Tuskegee University in 1972, and completed his master's degree in education there in 1974. He received his doctorate in counseling and psychology in 1979 from Auburn University in Alabama. He then completed a year-long post-graduate study at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. He became a professor and college administrator. In 1983, Archer became a professor of counseling and psychology at Northern Virginia Community College. He later served as assistant to the president at Saints Junior College in Lexington, Mississippi, and assistant to the vice president at the Tuskegee Institute.

title: Chalmers Archer


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User:Emperorbma

Started: Japanese, English

Directory Structure
commons.wikimedia User Page meta.wikipedia User Page wikibooks User Page wikipedia User Page wikiquote User Page wikispecies User Page wiktionary User Page
 * Laboratory
 * Lab Discussion
 * Lab Notes
 * Public Commentary
 * General Discussion

title: User:Emperorbma


text:
Talk:Overton Independent School District

Untitled
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:41, 15 June 2009 (UTC) sorry for the blog link, it was the only thing I could find on short notice. I've updated to a newspaper link.


text:
Template talk:Learning project boilerplate

Directions for use
Place: in the edit window for a new learning project. Save the page.

General
The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees has directed the Wikiversity community away from courses (the Board's comments). Wikiversity participants are encouraged to innovate and create learning experiences that take full advantage of the wiki format of online community interactions. Non-traditional Learning Projects that are oriented towards learning about conventional course subjects are encouraged within Wikiversity. See: Learning and Portal:Education.

Your page should be named according to the name of the Learning project. Please use descriptive names. Good: "Introduction to Physics"; bad: Physics 101.

Learning Project summary

 * Course code: See the proposed Naming_conventions
 * Time investment:
 * Preferably measured in something that reduces to hours, ie. x hours for y weeks; tertiary semesters are typically 13 weeks
 * If possible, try to break it down into lesson hours (ie. time spent doing lessons), assessment hours (suggested time spent on assessment tasks), and reading hours (expected time spent on reading)
 * Assessment suggested: (eg. x000 word essay, multiple choice exam, piece of original work)
 * For Faculty, School, Department, Stream, Level, see Naming conventions

Other Wikiversity tools
For the lessons subheading, see Template:Blank lesson page - Color scheme 3. For the quizzes subheading, see Test and Quiz.

Also note the other boilerplates available under the Category:Page_creation_templates.


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Gapjil

Gapjil (갑질) is an expression referring to an arrogant and authoritarian attitude or actions of people in South Korea who have positions of power over others. Gapjil is a neologism made by combining the word gap (갑; 甲)—the first of Heavenly Stems, which is used to introduce the first party in a contract, but also refers to superior status—and jil (-질), a suffix that negatively refers to particular actions. It is a phenomenon associated with the hierarchical nature of Korean society and work culture, a structure which results in the social superiority of those with higher wealth.

Causes
Song Jae-ryung, a professor of sociology at Kyunghee University, points out that gapjil is not simply a matter of an individual's morality, but a societal problem. As the bottom of Korean society is constituted by the repressive role of gap and submissive attitude of eul, individuals follow the culture of the elite. In other words, the cause of gapjil is a cultural tendency for people to merely perform the roles which are shaped by the high power distance in Korea. This is why an individual who was eul in another situation does the same thing (gapjil) in another relationship when he or she becomes another gap. In order to solve the gapjil problem, Prof. Song says that each individual needs to admit the social position that is different horizontally, not vertically, and the social atmosphere that fosters this awareness needs to be formed.

Types and examples of gapjil
According to Korean magazine Economic Review, there are some obvious types of gapjil depending on the context: owner gapjil, push-driven distribution gapjil, and passion-pay.

Owner gapjil
Owner gapjil is the most common type of gapjil, where representatives or executive family members of a company treat their employees with contempt, using abusive language or even physical assault. Owner gapjil reflects the attitude that employers can treat employees however they want because of the extreme vertical relationship between the two.

Monggo Food Kim Man-sik scandal
On 23 December 2015, there was a report that Kim Man-sik, honorary president of Monggo Food, had used abusive language and assaulted his chauffeur, known anonymously as 'B'. The assaulted employee said, "President Kim indulges in violence and hurl abuses almost like a habit, if his mood is bad". After Monggo Food posted an apology on its website on 23 December, Kim Man-sik and Kim Hyeon-seung, CEO of the firm, apologized to the public and to the person directly involved on 25 December in a press conference. Although there had been a disagreement with victims concerning a problem of reinstatement, an amicable settlement was made with the victims of the assault. On 19 April 2016, the Masan Branch of the Changwon District Public Prosecutor's Office requested that Kim Man-sik issue a summary order of 7,000,000 won (about 6,300 USD at the time) in fines relating to habitual assaults, violence and violation of labour standards.

M&M Choi Cheol-won scandal
In October 2010, Choi Cheol-won, the CEO of M&M, called a tank truck driver who had gone on a demonstration in front of the SK headquarters to his office, and assaulted him with such objects as a baseball bat. As a result, the driver suffered injuries requiring two weeks of medical treatment. This incident was reported in the editorial program of MBC, which aired on 28 November 2010. Huge amounts of public criticism, particularly resulting from a memorandum that had been written to certify that the driver was given 20,000,000 won (about 18,000 USD at the time) as compensation for the violence. After Choi Cheol-won had been charged on 30 November, the police started to investigate the scandal. On 8 February 2011, the Seoul Central District Court sentenced him to 18 months in prison and the appellate tribunal sentenced him to 18 months in prison with three years of probation and 120 hours of community service. The judgement of the court's decision, saying "Social criticism is a reason for the sentence," caused controversy.

Nut rage and Korean Air scandals
The nut rage incident was an air rage incident that occurred on December 5, 2014 at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City. Korean Air vice president Heather Cho (Cho Hyun-ah), a daughter of the company chairman, dissatisfied with the way an attendant served nuts, ordered the aircraft to return to the gate before takeoff. After a heated confrontation with the cabin crew chief, Cho assaulted him and ordered him fired and removed from the plane, requiring a return to the gate and delaying the flight. The airline claimed that the chief had voluntarily resigned until he took his situation to the press, causing a media furor. Cho and Korean Air were heavily criticized, and in the aftermath Cho resigned from one of her several executive positions at Korean Air. She was subsequently found guilty in a South Korean court of obstructing aviation safety. The flight attendant and cabin crew chief returned to their positions by April 2016.

Korean Air executive Cho Hyun-min, another daughter of the company chairman, allegedly sprayed water on company's employees, and in March 2018 the allegations of yelling and spraying water on an advertising agent caused rising controversy. When concerns over Cho's behavior became widespread, Korean Air explained, “It is true that during the meeting, the water rose and splashed when the bucket fell on the floor, but it did not spray water on the staff”. Cho apologized for her behavior. This incident caused international media to start using the word gapjil.

In a similar incident in December 2018, a Korean Air pilot attempted to take a glass of champagne and was blocked by the cabin crew chief, again demanding a cup of wine from cabin crew later on during the flight to Amsterdam—in violation of generally very strict rules in the flight industry prohibiting alcohol consumption by pilots. The airline gave only a mild reprimand to the captain, but demoted the cabin crew chief who rebuffed him and reported the incident.

Push-driven distribution gapjil
'Push-driven distribution gapjil ' is a type of gapjil where large corporations make pressing delivery (or supply) demands to small businesses (franchises).

Namyang Dairy Products Corporation high-pressure sales to franchises scandal
In May 2013, Namyang Co. was criticised following an accusation that the firm had pressed local franchises to buy products for a long time, as well as a tape-recording of rough words to local owners. Namyang Co. caused more than 20 billion won (about 18,000,000 USD at the time) worth of damage through illegal activities—such as high-pressure sales and shifting wages of salesmen to local franchises—for the past seven years, for which the Seoul Central District Court convicted it in January 2014. There was also a boycott against Namyang Corporation.

Hyundai Mobis high-pressure sales scandal
In September 2017, Hyundai Mobis was suspected of pressure to achieve sales goals and forced sales by 1600 branches of local maintenance shops from January 2010 to November 2013. The manager of the local shops was pressed to buy unnecessary parts of an automobile under the description of "Random Sales" and "Negotiated Sales" in order to achieve the goal of the head office. Hyundai Mobis admitted carrying out these acts and since then has been establishing a plan to ensure they do not reoccur.

Passion-pay
Passion-pay is a type of labour extortion where a business or enterprise pays less than minimum wage, or even nothing, for the labor of young job seekers on the excuse that the position will be prestigious or advantageous.

Lie Sang Bong Design Studio's passion-pay scandal
In January 2015, Lie Sang Bong design studio, which is managed by Korean fashion designer Lie Sang Bong, was embroiled in controversy about passion-pay. Although the studio imposed excessive workloads on workers, the studio offered relatively low wages: 100,000 won (about 92 USD at the time) for apprentices, 300,000 won (about 276 USD) for interns and 1,100,000 won (1,012 USD) for regular workers. After the controversy, Lie Sang Bong said "I deeply apologized to the youths of the fashion industry who get hurt with working environment and treatment, and I'll try to improve the overall problem of the fashion industry in this opportunity".

Jo Min-ah's Bakery's "Meal instead pay"
In January 2015 "The Space Goddess Jo Min-ah's Bakery", run by a former member of K-Pop band Jewelry, posted a job offer at 5,500 won per hour, less than the legal minimum hourly wage of 5,580 won.

Seoul National University Hospital nurse passion-pay scandal
In September 2017, Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) was in a controversy because it had inflicted passion-pay on newly graduated nurses for five years since 2012, for a "probationary education period". It turned out that SNUH only paid 360,000 won (about 324 USD at the time) for 24 days work to 1,212 nurses in their period of education. Based on an eight hour working day, the sum of 360,000 won is equivalent to an hourly rate of 1,800 won (about 1.62 USD), which is far below the minimum wage of 6,470 won (about 5.82 USD). The hospital explained that they did not know whether they should pay full wages during the training session. In addition, they plan to provide retroactive payment to nurses under three years, which is a period appointed by the recent labor standard law.

Boycott
Boycott can be defined as a movement of consumers' refusal to buy a particular item in order to accomplish a specific purpose.

Unlike gapjil (which is a structural problem between 'Gap' and 'Eul', like the franchise-maker and the retailer), the boycott campaign showed that it can explode instantly when the problem touches consumer's feelings. This is because consumers think that not consuming products of gapjil firms is the best thing they can do. This movement suggests that the gapjil of company owners or executives is becoming a 'self-harm' activity which decreases corporate profits. Experts emphasize that in order to reduce corporate ethical problems, such as gapjil, consumers need to change their perception as a consumer in a larger frame of mind. Corporations will be changed when consumer involvement such as resentment at gapjil and boycott is increased. A consumer movement group staged boycott campaigns and received favourable responses from consumers, but there has not yet been a massive and organised boycott.

24-hour call center for reporting damages by gapjil
On 11 April 2016, the Korean civil society organisation Public Welfare Committee (PWC) opened a 24-hour call centre for reporting gapjil damages and behavior. It is operated for rooting out irregular practices. PWC explained that the purpose of the call center was to prevent gapjil behavior, which is prevalent in South Korean society, and to conduct criminal and civil measures through case verification.

Investigation of gapjil
After Kim Sang-jo was inaugurated as chairperson of the Korean Fair Trade Commission (FTC), the FTC started an investigation of all industrial head offices and franchises to resolve all gapjil cases in four major areas: distribution, affiliate, subcontract, and franchise.

Beginning 10 August 2017, the FTC began investigating the transactions between headquarters and agencies, which targeted about 4,800 headquarters, 70 franchises, and groups of franchises in all domestic industries. The investigation was conducted as a survey targeting the headquarters between August and September, and since then targeted the franchises and groups of franchises from September to December. The FTC said the purpose of the investigation was to secure basic data to prevent unfair trade practices between headquarters and franchises, in order to prepare policies and improve the system.

Ombudsman
In July 2017, the FTC established an ombudsman for permanent surveillance of protection measures about franchises. The ombudsman was organised with former and current merchants with experience in franchise trading and 13 members of the FTC. They planned to expand the members to 30, including wholesale, retail, and service sectors. The ombudsman regularly monitors trading practices in franchise sectors and reports to the FTC when signs of unfair trade are detected. In addition, they state their opinion in policy enforcement, and they suggest ideas to improve the system by collecting problems information on the field.

Unfair damage counseling center in Seoul
For the first time in local government, the Seoul Metropolitan Government started to eradicate unfair practices in the franchise industry, declaring, "2016 economic democratisation city, Seoul". The Seoul Metropolitan Government has operated an unfair damage counselling centre, where anyone who suffered from unfair damages can report their case through the member's office.

Not only the franchiser who is operating the franchise but also an ex-franchiser and groups of franchisers can report unfair cases of members. When the report is received, first, the government identifies the exact facts of the incident through an in-depth consultation with the franchiser who reported the incident, then meets with a group of franchisers. According to the issue, the government recommends to the headquarters of the franchise a voluntary corrective action or handles arrangements. Depending on the degree of violation of the law, the investigation request to the FTC or the prosecution are reviewed.

Media responses
In December 2014, the nut rage incident was covered by numerous international media, and gapjil reached a level of global prominence. In February 2015, the Reuters news agency reported about Korean gapjil culture and the judgement of the nut rage incident. The article suggested that Korean gapjil culture originates from a traditional vertical hierarchy in Korean society. In May 2015, British newspaper The Independent reported on the No-Look Pass issue of Korean politician Kim Moo-sung, and pointed out that most gapjil is done by Korean adult males in positions of authority, especially middle aged men.

title: Gapjil


text:
GCSE Science/Electricity multiple choice practice question 6 answer 2

This is the correct answer. Well done!

Increasing the resistance would decrease the current and so decrease the thickness of the silver.

On to the next question>>


text:
пришла беда — отворяй ворота

Etymology
lit. 'when trouble comes, open the gate'.

Proverb

 * 1) when it rains, it pours

Usage notes

 * The accent ворота́ is non-standard but used here for rhyming. The standard stress is on the 2nd syllable –.

title: пришла беда — отворяй ворота


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Kalateh-ye Qanbar

Kalateh-ye Qanbar (, also Romanized as Kalāteh-ye Qanbar) is a village in Eshaqabad Rural District, Zeberkhan District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 176, in 42 families.

title: Kalateh-ye Qanbar


text:
Wikipedia:Copyright problems/2006 August 11

2006-08-11

 * Copyright problems/2006 August 11/Articles


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Nathan Pretty

Nathan Pretty (born 7 July 1973) is an Australian racecar driver.

Career
He first rose to prominence racing AUSCAR Superspeedway sedans (a Holden Commodore), becoming rookie of the year in his initial season in 1994. His family based race team built a V8 Supercar Commodore in 1998 racing with his sister Nicole at the 1998 FAI 1000. After racing as a privateer Pretty increasing gained more prestigious drives with other V8 Supercar teams and was a favourite of the factory supported teams, Holden Racing Team and K-mart Racing Team.

Pretty was part of the Garry Rogers Motorsport team that won the 2002 Bathurst 24 Hour driving alongside regular GRM driver Garth Tander, Steven Richards and Cameron McConville driving the controversial #427, 7.0 litre Holden Monaro 427C. Out of that win Pretty gained a full-time drive in 2003 in the 24 Hour winning Monaro in the Australian Nations Cup Championship. Pretty finished 3rd in the 2003 Australian Nations Cup Championship which included round wins at Symmons Plains Raceway in Tasmania and a surprise win at the tight Winton Motor Raceway in rural Victoria. In the 2003 championship he was joined as a teammate by legendary racer Peter Brock who was making a full-time comeback to racing after having initially retired at the end of 1997. Following the championship, Pretty and his 2002 co-drivers went on to finish 2nd in the 2003 Bathurst 24 Hour race, finishing less than a second behind their teammates Brock, Greg Murphy, Jason Bright and Todd Kelly in the second team Monaro.

Brock formed his own team to run Monaro's for himself and his son James in the 2004 Australian Nations Cup Championship while Pretty remained with Garry Rogers, running the original Bathurst 24 Hour Monaro. Pretty would finish the 2004 championship as runner up to the V12 Lamborghini Diablo GTR of defending series champion Paul Stokell. Along the way Pretty would set the class lap record at the Sandown Raceway. This would be the final year of the Nations Cup Championship as series owner Ross Palmer would be forced to close Procar Australia. This also forced the cancellation of the Bathurst 24 Hour race.

After spending 2005 largely on the sidelines, Pretty raced for Robert Smith's team in the 2006 Fujitsu V8 Supercar Series. Kelly spent three years at Perkins Engineering racing at Bathurst and racing the teams Commodore station wagon at the Bathurst 12 Hour. Pretty returned to full-time racing in 2011 in the V8 Utes series where he has been instantly competitive. In 2015, he raced in the Stadium Super Trucks at the Adelaide 500.

Pretty occasionally goes by the non-de-plume of Randy Corners where he parodies motor racing culture and racing drivers.

Career results
Results sourced from Driver Database.

Stadium Super Trucks
(key) ( Bold – Pole position. Italics – Fastest qualifier. * – Most laps led. )

title: Nathan Pretty


text:
Talk:Natural Bridge Caverns

External links modified (February 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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title: Talk:Natural Bridge Caverns


text:
Talk:General Chemistry/Shells and Orbitals

rewrite plan
oh boy. this page has some interesting discussion. i've tried introducing the concept of quantum numbers corresponding to orbitals, orbital labels, and degeneracy in the previous section. this one is at this point mostly graphs that really need to be split up. could use an additional energy level graph, though; energy levels and orbital connection really needs to be explained. i think restructuring the categories would be best, honestly. i'll get to this one later. Clockworkcity (discuss • contribs) 17:40, 6 July 2017 (UTC)

energy discussion
''Longer wavelengths have less energy; the s orbital has the longest wavelength allowed for an electron orbiting a nucleus ''

I don't think this is actually true. The difference between the s,p,d,and,f, is the angular momentum not the wavelength., isn't it ?

 * Yes. The distinguishing feature is the angular momentum quantum number, l. Also, it's not always true that the s orbital has the lowest energy, since the energy is most strongly dependent on the energy level quantum number, n. So the 4s shell is higher in energy than the 2p, for instance. DrBob 21:07, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC)

It is true however that the s orbital has the lowest energy within any given shell. I've attempted to get rid of all the errors on the page. i would apprieciate someonel looking the page over to spot any errors I may have made. Theresa knott 09:56, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)

utterly incomprehensible
The explaination of the wave on a guitar string is not comprehendable unless the reader has some kind of pre-requisite knowledge...I dont know what that pre-requisite knowledge is, I just know that I for one dont have it. I rather expect the example is one that only makes sense if one has knowledge from a more advanced field than general chemistry (physics perhaps)...in other words exactly the kind of knowledge one can assume 99.999999% of prospective readers of a text of this kind (people who dont yet know even about basic general chemistry) would have....

What?!
I give up even trying to comprehend this text, I suspect that the author/s are so familiar with advanced concepts that they have failed to realise that comprehending the text requires knowledge far more advanced than anyone who needs a introductory general chemistry text would possess...

huh?
I'm pretty good at chemistry, but this module makes almost no sense to me. It needs a major rewrite. Hoogli 16:05, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

QUESTION
DOES ORBITALS EXTENDED FROM S P D F???? I MEAN G H???

Possible Error
I believe a mistake is in the text of the "Electron Shells" section. In this statement "In a one-electron atom (e.g. H, He+, Li+, etc.) the energy ...", Li+ is not a single electron atom; but Li++ (or Li 2+) would be. <IP_ADDRESS> (discuss) 08:17, 4 November 2013 (UTC)


text:
mediatus

Etymology
Perfect passive participle of.

Participle

 * 1) halved, having been halved.
 * 2) having been in the middle.

title: mediatus


text:
User:Prafulkalal

City      -    Ulhasnagar Country   -    INDIA Education -    B.Sc(computer science) Skills    -    Automotive thinker. Interests -    F1.

title: User:Prafulkalal


text:
User:Zanimum

I'm en:user:zanimum, and I'm mainly at Wikibooks, to try and lead the way in typesetting and publishing the books as they're finished; this will be used as a fundraiser for Wikimedia.

title: User:Zanimum


text:
User:Sagar gondaliya

SAGAR is a student of engineering he was completed his bachelors in 2012. he has good knowledge about programming language and also interested to learning hacking and computer security his

title: User:Sagar gondaliya


text:
Talk:Arrested Development (group)

New album
They came out with a new album called "Don't Fight Your Demons" in 2020 — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:40, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

Name
Why the name, what does it refer to? Thank you, Maikel (talk) 08:58, 8 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arrested Development (group)


text:
Mark Kanemura

Mark Kanemura (born September 17, 1983) is an American dancer noted for appearances on seasons 4 and 7 of So You Think You Can Dance, music video and concert performances, and his Instagram posts.

Career
Kanemura is from Honolulu. His mother, Nora, was born in American Samoa. He was a finalist (top 6) on season 4 of So You Think You Can Dance. After, he danced in music videos including "Truly in Love" by Lil Mama. Kanemura is a frequent dance collaborator with Lady Gaga, having traveled and danced with her for The Monster Ball Tour. He also appears in several of her music videos, including "Telephone," "Alejandro," "Born This Way," and "Judas." He was featured in the music video for "Make Me" by Janet Jackson, and has also performed with Katy Perry. Kanemura appeared in season two, episode two, of the television show Glee, titled “Britney/Brittany”. He was on season 7 of So You Think You Can Dance. Kanemura was featured in an episode of Nailed by YouTuber Michael Henry. He's appeared on RuPaul's Drag Race as a dancer and choreographer. In 2018, he danced in several music videos of Carly Rae Jepsen. He has generated a following on Instagram, with several of his posts going viral.

He is known for his quick-changes of wigs.

Filmography

 * Tongue Thai'd

title: Mark Kanemura


text:
Category:North Mount Lyell Railway

The North Mount Lyell Railway was built and operated by the North Mount Lyell company, when the company was taken over by the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company, the railway continued for a few decades later. Parts of the formation, old stations and other artefacts of the former railway are now under the waters of Lake Burbury.

title: Category:North Mount Lyell Railway


text:
2021 Icelandic parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 25 September 2021 to elect the members of the Althing. Following the elections, the three parties in the ruling coalition government – the Independence Party, Progressive Party and Left-Green Movement – agreed to continue in office, with Katrín Jakobsdóttir of the Left-Green Movement remaining Prime Minister despite her party being the smallest of the three. It was the first time an incumbent government had retained power in an election since the 2008 financial crisis.

2017 parliamentary election
The 2017 parliamentary election was called after the collapse of the coalition government between the Independence Party, Reform Party, and Bright Future after the withdrawal of the latter over a breach of trust involving a request to grant a convicted child sex offender "restored honor" from the father of Prime Minister Bjarni Benediktsson. In the 2017 election, the Independence Party lost 5 seats and was reduced to 16, while the Reform Party lost 3 to win 4, and Bright Future was eliminated from the Althing entirely. The Left-Green Movement gained 1 seat to win 11, the Social Democratic Alliance gained 4 seats to win 7, the Progressive Party remained steady with 8 seats, and the Pirate Party lost 4 seats and was reduced to 6 in total. Two parties entered the Althing for the first time, with the People's Party securing 4 seats and the Centre Party winning 7 seats.

With 16 seats and 25.2% of the vote, the Independence Party achieved its second-worst electoral performance in its history in terms of vote percentage, the worst being the 2009 election, and tied its record low number of seats. A total of 24 women were elected to the Althing, compared to 30 in the 2016 election. Of those elected to the Althing, 19 are new, but this is considerably lower than in 2016 with 32.

Government formation
On 30 October 2017, President Guðni Th. Jóhannesson met with the leaders of the eight parliamentary parties. The four former opposition parties held informal talks, with the Progressive Party in pole position to determine whether the Independence Party or the Left-Greens would lead the next government. After meeting with Jóhannesson, Left-Green leader Katrín Jakobsdóttir declared that she wanted to form a government with the four former opposition parties, noting that though a coalition with additional parties would provide more than 32 seats, it was out of consideration before a four-party coalition was first attempted. On 2 November, Guðni Th. Jóhannesson granted Katrín Jakobsdóttir, leader of the Left-Green Movement, the mandate to form a coalition between her party, the Progressives, Social Democratic Alliance, and Pirates, the four having agreed to begin formal coalition talks.

On 6 November, after the Progressives announced that they would not continue talks over difficult issues with such a thin majority, Katrín Jakobsdóttir announced that she would return her mandate. In the following days, the leaders of the Left-Greens, Independence Party, and Progressive Party discussed the possibility of forming a coalition together, with the Left-Greens insistent that Katrín become prime minister in that case, an idea supported by the Progressives; in exchange, demissionary prime minister Bjarni Benediktsson would be appointed finance minister. Talks between the three parties were completed swiftly, and after meeting with Katrín on 28 November, president Guðni formally granted her the mandate to lead a government with the Independence Party and Progressive Party, pending the support of each of the parties, with the new government seated on 30 November. According to Article 22 of the constitution, the president must convene the newly elected Althing within 10 weeks of the election.

Electoral system
The 63 members of the Althing are elected by open list proportional representation in six multi-member constituencies, with 54 seats distributed between parties at the constituency level with no electoral threshold and 9 leveling seats assigned to party lists at the national level with a threshold of 5 percent required in order to ensure proportionality with the election result. The 54 constituency seats are distributed within each constituency according to the D'Hondt method. Election lists are determined by parties. Voters have the option of marking preferential votes for particular candidates of the party they vote for, which can result in the order of the candidates being altered.

In the 2017 election, the Social Democratic Alliance received 7 seats – fewer than the Progressive Party, which came third in number of seats – despite the fact that it came third in the overall vote, with the Centre Party similarly receiving more votes but securing fewer seats than the Progressive Party. In the aftermath of the election, two professors at the University of Akureyri suggested that there was no need for a national constituency to allocate equalization seats, and that 15 leveling seats would be necessary to ensure proportionality in the future. In addition, the imbalance in number of votes between constituencies nearly violated the level stipulated in the constitution, with 2,690 eligible voters per seat in the Northwest constituency compared to 5,346 in the Southwest constituency, a ratio of 199%, just short of the constitutional limit of 200%.

Date
Per Article 20 in Chapter V of Act No. 24 from the 16 May 2000 Law Concerning Parliamentary Elections to the Althing, last amended in 2017, elections must be held no later than the same weekday of the month four years after the previous elections, counting from the turn of the month; because the 2017 parliamentary took place on the fourth Saturday in October, the latest possible date for the next election would be 23 October 2021.

Members of the opposition parties had called for the election to be scheduled for the spring of 2021, arguing that Icelandic elections are traditionally held during the spring — a tradition broken only by the premature elections in autumn 2017 – and that autumn elections give a newly-formed government too little time to prepare next year's budget. Finance Minister Bjarni Benediktsson dismissed those arguments, saying that gaining power had involved "blood, sweat and tears", and he had no interest in giving it away half a year earlier than required. On 24 July 2020, Prime Minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir announced that the it would take place on 25 September 2021, a month earlier than required, calling the decision "a compromise".

Political parties
The table below lists political parties represented in the Althing after the 2017 parliamentary election and parties which were on the ballot in at least one constituency in 2021.

Graphical summary

D = Independence Party, V = Left-Green Movement, S = Social Democratic Alliance, M = Centre Party, B = Progressive Party, P = Pirate Party, F = People's Party, C = Reform Party, J = Socialist Party.

Results
Compared to polling, the Progressive Party and the People's Party performed better than expectations, while the Social Democratic Alliance, the Reform Party, the Pirate Party, and the new Icelandic Socialist Party performed slightly worse. The Centre Party saw its vote percentage and seat count reduced by half compared to the prior elections, while the Progressive Party saw a vote percentage increase of over 6% and a seat increase of 5. The governing grand coalition of the Independence Party, the Left-Green Movement, and the Progressive Party were expected to negotiate to continue their cooperation.

On 9 October, Birgir Þórarinsson, who was originally elected to represent the Centre Party, announced that he was defecting to the Independence Party, making him the 17th member of the Althing for the Independence Party and leaving the Centre Party with just two members.

Recounts
It was initially reported that 33 women and 30 men were elected, making Iceland the first European nation to have a female-majority parliament. Among them was Lenya Rún Taha Karim of the Pirate Party, who at 21 would become the youngest MP in Iceland's history. Following a recount in the Northwest Constituency, the representation became a majority of men. The Left-Green Movement and the Pirate Party both requested recounts in the South Constituency.

Government formation
On 21 October, the Left-Green Movement, the Independence Party, and the Progressive Party were negotiating a continued coalition with Katrín remaining Prime Minister. The coalition talks focused on energy and climate issues. On 28 November, the three parties agreed on a renewed coalition.

title: 2021 Icelandic parliamentary election


text:
Kevin Parker (Washington politician)

Kevin Charles Parker (born December 26, 1973) is an American politician of the Republican Party. He is a former member of the Washington House of Representatives, having represented the 6th Legislative District from 2009 to 2017. Parker currently owns nine Dutch Bros Coffee franchises in the Spokane, Washington area and teaches at Whitworth University's undergraduate and graduate business schools.

Awards

 * 2014 Guardians of Small Business award. Presented by NFIB.

title: Kevin Parker (Washington politician)


text:
Talk:Vevi

Name
According to Naming conventions (geographic names), the modern local official name should be used when no widely accepted English name exists. Notwithstanding the hardship reported by expatriates from this community, a NPOV has to be applied here as with other localities in Greek Macedonia. The renaming of geographical names in the 1920's has to be addressed elsewhere, see Macedonia (Greece). Andreas 22:00, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Demographics
The village had a substantial Macedonian population that .... etc. etc. See what is written at Agia Paraskevi (Florina), Greece. Andreas 19:31, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Banitsa (Lerin)
The page with this name was initiated by User:Tnitchov to document the history of the village with emphasis of its (Slavic) Macedonian former inhabitants. The link to this page should therefore be under the History subheading. A n d r e a s   (T) 20:53, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

name in info box
The name in the info box should be the official name. There are many places with alternative names, not only in Macedonia, but throughout the world. Morever, an uninformed user would think that Vevi/Banitsa is one name, like Frankfurt/Main. Andreas (T) 15:51, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

Population figures
The inclusion of historical population figures is informative, illustrating the history of the place. However, it has to be properly sourced. A partisan web page is not a reliable and unbiased source. Since the editor User:Tnitchov is at the same time the webmaster of that site, it should be possible for him to find the original sources for these numbers. The Macedonian Calendar of 2000 is quoted there, but again, a calendar is not a reliable source, either. Maybe the original source is mentioned in the calendar and can be cited form there. Andreas (T) 16:45, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

Greek refugees
It is true that a lot of the Bulgarians of Vevi emmigrated to Bg in the 20s, 30s and 40s, in the village were never installed Greek refugees from Turkey or from Bulgaria as seen in the 28 Census - Υπουργείον Εθνικής Οικονομίας - Γενική Στατιστική Υπηρεσία της Ελλάδος, Στατιστικά αποτελέσματα της απογραφής του πληθυσμού της Ελλάδος της 15-16 Μαΐου 1928. Here is catalogue of the prosfigiki villages. You can look here as well - "pure slavopone"--Miko Stavrev (talk) 15:31, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

Banci
What is "Banci" and what has it to do with Vevi? Moreover, the source says that the area was prodominatnly Bulgarian, this does not say anything about the individual villages. Andreas (T) 14:09, 5 February 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Vevi


text:
Module:Unicode chart/subsets

--[[--

Notes: * '^[0-9A-F]+[-–][0-9A-F]+$' (inclusive range), or * '^[0-9A-F]+$' (single code point).
 * Subset names are normalized to lowercase and '\s+' → '_' for lookup.
 * Subset content must be a string as it is, for now, implemented as canned shorthand for the "range" parameter.
 * All numbers are hex, whether or not they look like it.
 * Ranges are separated by one or more commas or whitespaces and must match:
 * This means spaced hyphen/dash '62 - 7A' or ranges of more than two '62-70-7A' will fail.
 * Codepoint prefixes 'U+' and '0x' are also ok, will be stripped accordingly.

Please replace example entries with something more useful than this, in the following format.

--]]--

return { basic_latin_digits = "30-39\n\n\n     \n\n", basic_latin_vowels = "41,45,49,4F,55,59         61 65 69 6F 75 79", basic_latin_consonants = "42-44,46-48,4A-4E,50-54,56-58,5A,62-64,66-68,6A-6E,70-74,76-78,7A",

cjk_letters_months_hangul = "3200-321F, 3260-327F", cjk_letters_months_katakana = "32D0-32FF",

}

title: Module:Unicode chart/subsets


text:
Talk:Omar Quintanilla

Currently
Does anyone know which team he is currently with? Mjbfhs7 (talk) 18:49, 29 June 2010 (UTC)

I removed the part about him being a lefty thrower. He plays second, third, and short, and no lefty throwers play those positions in professional baseball, as far as I am aware. He is a righty thrower, and always has been. He does bat left. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:34, 14 March 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Omar Quintanilla


text:
Web Design/Getting to know the Document Object Model with JavaScript

The Document Object
So far we've been playing with the Window object... This has allowed us to do things like open new windows, close old windows, bring up 'alert' boxes (window.open, window.close, window.alert respectively).

But the window object isn't the only useful object around! Using your new-found JavaScript awareness, see if you can find out what the 'document' object is used for! You might want to check your JavaScript Cheat Sheet or a W3Schools tutorial...

Finding out what's on our document
Open up a form that you've created and do the following:

 * 1) Choose a simple Text field on your form, and give it an id="firstname"
 * 2) Add an 'onsubmit' event to your form tag, and write the code as follows: onsubmit="window.alert('The value is ' + document.getElementById('firstname').value);"
 * 3) Now test out your form by typing in your field then clicking submit!

What's happening when I click submit?

 * 1) The browser checks whether there's an onsubmit event on the form
 * 2) The browser breaks down the onsubmit JavaScript into these pieces:
 * 3) Search through the entire document for an element with an ID of 'firstname'
 * 4) Get the text typed into the 'firstname' element (the value of the text field)
 * 5) Display the value in an alert box

This kind of code is extremely common, especially the document.getElementById bit. Let's find out how it works.

A short description of document.getElementById

When we give a tag an ID, it gives the browser a way to specifically identify the tag over all the other <input>s,
s or
s on the page. We'll often write CSS that targets an ID (eg. #firstname { color: blue }) and the browser hunts down the tag by its ID to apply the style. JavaScript's document.getElementById is similar, except that we can do a lot more with it afterward than just styling.

When we write code like document.getElementById("firstname") the browser gives us back a 'reference' to the tag (referred to as an element in JS). We can access (and change) almost every aspect of the element including its attributes, styling, position in the document, or even its ID. For example, document.getElementById("firstname").type = 'checkbox'; would find 'firstname', then change its type to 'checkbox' (instantly turning your text field into a checkbox!).

These properties (such as 'type', 'value', 'style', 'tagName' and 'className') all belong to the element, and are part of the Document Object Model that describes how the browser sees and works with your page.

Creating functions in Javascript
We've got a problem now... it would be great to do a lot more than just one window.alert when the user submits their form. In fact, we need to do a lot more. For this reason, we'll need to create our own function in JavaScript.

To do this, add the following code somewhere inside your ... tags:

 function checkForm {   window.alert('The value is ' + document.getElementById('firstname').value); }

Now we can modify our form's onsubmit to just call our new function, checkForm.

 ... all your other form elements go here ...

Give it a try... it should behave exactly like it did before, but now we'll be ready to add more statements to our program!

Input Validation in JavaScript
Now that we've tested our function to see that it works, we now want to change it so that it will actually test the value of our field to see if it's empty, and if it is, then let the user know! To do this, we'll need to use an if-else statement.  function checkForm {   if (document.getElementById("fullname").value == "") {     window.alert("Please enter your fullname"); }   else if (document.getElementById("address").value == "") {     window.alert("Please enter your address"); } }

Our JavaScript code isn't perfect yet, but it's a good start!

Have a go at building on this to check the rest of your form's input boxes (Note: only the input boxes for the moment, don't worry about radio buttons or check boxes or the like). You might also want to learn more about the if-else statement at w3schools.

More on Functions
Before we can finish off our input validation, we need to learn a little more about JavaScript Functions. It would be worth reading w3schools JS Functions page right now to find out a bit more about how functions work.

In particular, take notice of how functions can return a value... spend some time playing with the W3Schools Try It Interactive Demo for Javascript functions.

Try the following:
 * 1) modify the demo so that multiplies 4 and 5 instead of 4 and 3.
 * 2) modify the product function so that it adds the two numbers instead of multiplying them.

Stopping your form from being submitted
When you test your form, you'll notice that even though your input validation picks up the fact that there's stuff missing, it still goes ahead and tries to submit the form! We need to stop our form from being submitted if the input validation fails (ie, if the user has left some required field blank!)

Luckily for us, our form's onsubmit event controls this! If the JavaScript code that is run on our onsubmit event evaluates to 'false', then the browser won't submit the form. Make the following modification to your onsubmit event:

 ... all your other form elements are here ...

Now all you have to figure out is where you can put the JavaScript statement: return false; in your checkForm function. In plain English, if you can figure out at which points your if-else statement should say "OK! The input validation failed, don't let the form be submitted!", then that's where your return false should go. Give it a try!

You might also need to have a situation where your checkForm function has this bit of code: return true; Step through your checkForm code mentally, and see if you can find the point where you can say: "OK! Everything was entered correctly on the form, let it be submitted!" If you can find this spot, that's where you want to return the value 'true'.

Putting the Focus back in the field
Wouldn't it be nice to put the cursor back into the right spot for our user after we have just asked them to enter their name? For example, the user didn't fill in their fullname, so when they tried to submit the form, our input validation pops up saying "Please enter your fullname". We already know how to get our hands on an object for the fullname input element using the document object's getElementById method (see above code), but we don't have any idea how we can get this to put the cursor back in this input field (this is called: receiving the focus).

Have a look at W3Schools JavaScript HTML DOM Reference and see if you can find the reference for our input text field.

When you find the right reference (the one that corresponds to our text input box), scroll down to take a look at the methods for this object, and you will find that it has a built-in focus method! Click on the focus method and look at the example you find there.

Can you figure out whereabouts you will need to put this code (with a small modification) in your own checkForm function? Have a go... and if you get stuck, ask for help! (Hint: we want to put the focus on our fullname field right after we alert the user to the fact that they haven't entered their full name!)

Copy-n-paste-n-edit this so that it works for the rest of your input validation fields too.


text:
Tim Goodwin (South Dakota politician)

Timothy R. Goodwin (born May 6, 1955) is an American politician and businessman serving as a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives from the 30th district. A Republican, Goodwin assumed office on January 10, 2017.

Background
Goodwin was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. At the age of 18, enlisted in the United States Army as a member of the 82nd Airborne Division. After serving in the Army for 24 years, Goodwin retired with the rank of Lieutenant colonel. Prior to serving in the South Dakota House, Goodwin worked as a salesman. Since 2019, Goodwin has served as one of four Majority Whips in the South Dakota House of Representatives.

Goodwin and his wife, Marcia, have eight children.

title: Tim Goodwin (South Dakota politician)


text:
Talk:David Alan Basche

DOB
TV.com lists his date of birth as being 8-25-1970 not 1968. Any ideas? --Daysleeper47 03:51, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:David Alan Basche


text:
Fadisheh

Fadisheh is a village in, and the capital of, Ghazali Rural District of the Central District of Miyan Jolgeh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 1,372 in 368 households, when it was in the former Miyan Jolgeh District of Nishapur County. The following census in 2011 counted 1,449 people in 404 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 1,382 people in 427 households.

In 2023, Miyan Jolgeh District was separated from Nishapur County in the establishment of Miyan Jolgeh County, which was divided into two districts of two rural districts each, with the city of Eshqabad as its capital.

title: Fadisheh


text:
David Toshevski

David Toshevski (Давид Тошевски; born 16 July 2001) is a Macedonian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Austrian Bundesliga club Austria Klagenfurt.

Club career
On 7 July 2020, he signed a five-year contract with Russian Premier League club FC Rostov. He made his debut in the Russian Premier League for Rostov on 15 August 2020 in a game against FC Zenit Saint Petersburg.

On 23 February 2021, he was loaned to Russian Premier League club FC Tambov until the end of the 2020–21 season.

On 31 August 2021, he moved to Polish club Górnik Zabrze on loan for the 2021–22 season, with an option to buy. On 18 February 2022, the loan was terminated early.

On the next day, Toshevski joined Zemplín Michalovce in Slovakia on loan until the end of 2022. He debuted for Zemplín on 19 February 2022 in an away fixture at pod Dubňom against Žilina. Toshevski came on in the second half to replace Dimitris Popovits with the final score already set at 2-0, following first professional goal by Mario Sauer.

On 7 September 2023, Toshevski's contract with Rostov was terminated by mutual consent.

On 31 January 2024, Toshevski signed for Austrian Bundesliga club Austria Klagenfurt. He immediately joined Croatian partner club Šibenik on loan for the remainder of the season.

Honours
Šibenik
 * First Football League (Croatia): 2023–24

title: David Toshevski