text:
User:GPL93/PROD log

This is a log of all proposed deletion tags applied or endorsed by this user using Twinkle's PROD module.

If you no longer wish to keep this log, you can turn it off using the preferences panel, and nominate this page for speedy deletion under CSD U1.

August 2020

 * Andy Brown (politician): PROD; notified 19:42, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Fails WP:NPOL. Two of the three sources are completely unreliable
 * Kojo Asamoa-Caesar: PROD; notified 02:34, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Fails WP:NPOL as an unelected candidate and is not independently notable outside of his campaign

September 2020

 * R. Rajangam: PROD; notified 22:14, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Fails WP:NPOL as a state-level party functionary. none of the sources are in-depth coverage on the subject

March 2021

 * Terrill Hanks: PROD 15:31, 10 March 2021 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: I created this article a couple of years ago and upon reflection I do not believe that the subject passes WP:GNG and Hanks never appeared in an NFL game and therefore also does not pass WP:NGRIDIRON either
 * Bulusu Jaganadha Sastry: PROD; notified 17:05, 22 March 2021 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Fails WP:GNG. Article was written by a relative and while the subject's father may meet notability standards notability is WP:NOTINHERITED. The references are either basic government documents such as census information and death certificates or simply list him as being a member of large organizations without any in-depth coverage.

April 2021

 * Yaëll dos Santos Borges: PROD; notified 14:46, 27 April 2021 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Playing in the Dutch League is not an WP:NHOOPS pass and all three references are not independent or reliable sources.

May 2021

 * Washington Dickson Field: PROD; notified 12:24, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Fails WP:GNG. High school ball field that seats a total of 132 people. None of the references are actually about the field itself and most are simply website homepages
 * Kellen Overstreet: PROD; notified 21:53, 21 May 2021 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Fails WP:GNG and WP:NGRIDIRON.
 * Young Deuces: PROD; notified 11:45, 25 May 2021 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Fails WP:GNG and WP:NMUSICIAN. Not one of the references used is a reliable source

July 2021

 * Juliette Leong: PROD; notified 22:45, 28 July 2021 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Fails WP:GNG, probably WP:TOOSOON as well. Most sources are not reliable and those that are appear to be a few local news stories. The article was created by a likely WP:COI/WP:UPE editor, who has now been blocked for sockpuppetry.

August 2021

 * Cassius C.A. Harris: PROD; notified 18:42, 27 August 2021 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Fails WP:GNG of the four sources, one is the subject's funeral program, the second is a blog about the "top 5 sites for genealogists" and has zero mention of the subject, the third is a military unit roster, and the fourth is a photograph on a nonprofit website with no corresponding coverage.

September 2021

 * John McClure (pilot): PROD; notified 22:28, 17 September 2021 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Fails WP:GNG not one reference is from an RS or not primary. References are: 1) a pilot roster; 2 & 3) photographs; 4) the subject's wife's obituary in the local newspaper; 5) what appears to be a self-written family history by the subject's nephew on a local community organization's website; and 6) a listing of members of the Tuskegee Airmen from the greater Indianapolis area

December 2021

 * Darnell Washington: PROD; notified 22:41, 20 December 2021 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: fails WP:GNG, WP:COLLEGEATH and WP:NGRIDIRON. Currently supported by zero reliable sources and the only non-stat page is from a Georgia specific blog housed under SI.com

February 2022

 * Randy Mills (Quarterback): PROD; notified 15:55, 3 February 2022 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: High school football player, appears to have incredibly limited notability even within greater Long Island
 * Guy Riccardi: PROD; notified 16:00, 3 February 2022 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: High school football player, appears to have incredibly limited notability even within greater Long Island. I can't even find referencing that shows Riccardi even played in college.
 * Bernie Dexter: PROD; notified 21:57, 10 February 2022 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Fails WP:NMODEL and WP:GNG. I cannot find any reliable coverage in a WP:BEFORE search

April 2022

 * Sean Nava: PROD; notified 16:30, 12 April 2022 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Fails WP:GNG as all coverage is surround the subject's death and is a possible case of WP:NOTMEMORIAL
 * Pat Cosquer: PROD; notified 21:38, 14 April 2022 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Outside of the one PDF local newspaper article cited, I can't seem find any WP:RS. Wildly promotional article on a DIII squash coach that may even qualify for a WP:TNT delete in addition to a WP:GNG or WP:NCOLLATH pass.

May 2022

 * Phazione McClurge: PROD; notified 00:34, 2 May 2022 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: fails WP:GNG and WP:NGRIDIRON. This article was created by a now-blocked account that was creating articles for a sports marketing company.

December 2022

 * Ben Lucas (American football): PROD; notified 20:44, 2 December 2022 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Fails WP:GNG run of the mill high school football player who had an uneventful college career as a backup quarterback
 * Drake–Northern Iowa rivalry: PROD; notified 16:46, 22 December 2022 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Fails WP:NRIVARLY. The article as it currently is constructed is an indiscriminate collection of scores across multiple sports. Almost all sourcing is primary, coming mostly from the media guides of Drake or Northern Iowa sports teams or game reports/box scores from school website. There isn't much mention of an actual "rivarly" in independent, reliable sources.

March 2023

 * Michael Baumgardt: PROD; notified 11:53, 20 March 2023 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Besides the fact that this article was created via paid edits, the subject does not appear to meet GNG and even the references pre-cleanup could not be verified (ie: "Photoshop User").

September 2023

 * All Home Care Matters: PROD; notified 13:43, 27 September 2023 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Fails WP:GNG & WP:WEB. Sourced almost entirely by press releases.

July 2024

 * Ivor Parry Evans: PROD; notified 00:07, 17 July 2024 (UTC)
 * 1) * Reason: Fails WP:GNG. Of the 3 references, only the first even mentions Parry and that is his obit in the local paper.

title: User:GPL93/PROD log


text:
Robotics/Design Basics/What you should know

Robotics spans multiple scientific and engineering disciplines, so when you want to design a better robot you should get some basic knowledge in these fields. How much you should learn depends on how complex you want to make your robot. To give an example: A small tethered tabletop robot would only require some basic knowledge in electronics and programming, a shoe box sized robot would require some additional knowledge on mechanics (mostly about balance) and a large robot might even require some knowledge on solid mechanics.

This page covers the fields that are very much used in robotics. You don't need to know everything about all of these subjects, however knowing the basics of each of these fields can help in building better robots and prevent you from making (some of the) beginner's mistakes.

Mechanics
Mechanics is about:
 * How forces are transferred between the different parts of a construction.
 * Where the center of gravity lies.
 * Friction
 * Position, speed, acceleration
 * Newton's laws
 * Inertia
 * Material properties

Mechanics helps keeping a robot in balance. Although you could build a robot without knowing anything about mechanics, it'll help in preventing your robot from tipping over when turning, or when picking up something.

Another point where mechanics pays off are axles. On small robots you can attach the wheels directly to the output shaft of the motor. However this doesn't work well for larger robots as this puts a lot of stress on the internals of the motor. A better way is to attach the wheel to an axle, and use gears to connect the motor to the axle. Knowledge of mechanics allows you to build such constructs.

If your robot is a small line follower almost any building material will work. However if your robot weighs a few kilos, something sturdier than cardboard and soda sippers is appropriate. And if your robot is human size you should consider metal and/or composite construction.

See Theoretical Mechanics for an introduction in this field.

the "Theoretical Mechanics" is just started, so there isn't much to read just yet.

Electronics
Electronics is about:
 * Electronic Components
 * Analog Circuits
 * Digital Logic
 * MicroControllers

Electronics is something you can't go without (unless you want to build a complete mechanical robot or use pneumatics for control). Today there are plenty of books covering basic electronics (See Electronics).

Programming
Computer programming is about:
 * Control structures (sequence, selection, iteration)
 * Data types (constants, variables, integer, real, string,...)
 * Algorithms
 * Hardware control (setting and reading registers, interrupts,...)
 * logic

Anyone who has had an introductory course on programming (as they are given in American high schools) would be familiar with the first three points. The fourth point is rarely addressed in introductory courses, but is essential when programming microcontrollers. Although it might sound difficult, it can be very easy in practice (for most purposes). Much of this comes down to setting bits in a byte using simple Boolean logic, and writing this value into some register or memory location. Higher level languages like Bascom provide hardware addressing as special variables, which can be treated just like any other variable.

Microcontrollers (and processor boards) are one of the areas where using Assembly is still very valid. Memory (both RAM and program space) is very limited in these, although each new generation of microcontroller has more memory for about the same price. Many microcontrollers provide between 2K and 30K, and processor boards tend to have up to 256K. These numbers vary wildly, but are still significantly less than PCs have. However if you don't know an assembly language, most microcontroller and processor boards have high level language compilers available in many flavors (C, C++, Basic, Pascal, Fortran, etc.)

Robot programming is also about:
 * The Event Loop. Most microcontrollers do not have the resources for threading. You will need to look at your robot's task a fraction of a second at a time, and choose which small action to take.  What can the program do in that moment to get a little bit closer to its goal?
 * Interpreting sensor data. Sensors have many ways of providing noisy or misleading information; how many types of error can you accept? Dirt in a rheostat, a broken switch, and a venetian blind flickering on a photodiode are obvious faults. How about temperature drift, non-linear response curves, or your robot seeing its own shadow?
 * Decision making, or Artificial Intelligence is the art of making the right decision given the constraints of the current system.
 * Motors and motion. Making motion on a robot often involves moving several motors at once, often with feedback from sensors.

Solid Mechanics
Solid mechanics is about how forces distribute inside solid materials. Knowledge about this subject is useful because it explains how materials respond to loads. This helps to prevent using too thick or too thin materials. This isn't required for small or medium robots, but it allows to be more efficient with building materials and gives insight to why and how materials fail (break and/or deform). See [this wikibook] for a start on solid mechanics. Be warned: heavy math ahead.

Even if you have a mortal fear of math, bite through this as it gives valuable insights on how materials break and deform. No need to memorize the math, as long as you get the idea behind it.

A.I.
Artificial Intelligence (in Robotics) is about:
 * Finding the shortest way between 2,3 (or more) points
 * Dealing with obstacles
 * Handling new situations (machine learning)

There are many books available on AI on many different levels. This area has had a short but already fruitful history, but still has a very long way to go. AI isn't just about getting a computer to think and reason. It's more about ordering, sorting and organizing knowledge in a machine and constructing algorithms for extracting real world conclusions from these databases. A search engine like Google or Yahoo are examples of real uses of AI.

Other than pure AI books, books on how the brain works and such can provide interesting angles to AI on robots. Concepts like attention and concentration can have interesting uses in some form for integrating sensor data.

Math
Although math is generally seen as the ultimate theoretical science, it can be one of the most important skills in many of the more advanced domains of robotics. e.g. Mechanics uses a lot of math. For simple constructs you won't need much more than high school level math, for more complicated shapes it becomes necessary to use more complex math tools like integrals. But since robotics is a very practical craft many things can be done with approximations. Math however can be very helpful in making the right approximation.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan

The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan were held on November 8, 2016, to elect the 14 U.S. representatives from the state of Michigan, one from each of the state's 14 congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate in 33 other states and various state and local elections. The deadline for candidates to file for the August 2 primary election was April 19.

Results summary
Results of the 2016 House of Representatives elections in Michigan by district:

District 1
When Republican Dan Benishek first ran to represent Michigan's 1st congressional district in the 2010 elections, he pledged to serve no more than three terms. In March 2015, he decided to run for a fourth term as the district's representative. However, he changed his mind in September and decided not to seek re-election.

On June 24, Michigan Democratic Party chairman Lon Johnson declared his run for the seat. Former Democratic nominee Jerry Cannon also announced his candidacy. Republican state senator Tom Casperson announced his run in November 2015. Casperson was challenged in the Republican primary by former state legislator Jason Allen, who announced he was running in January 2016, and retired U.S. Marine Jack Bergman, who declared in March. In January 2016, Benishek endorsed Casperson's candidacy.

In the August 2 primary, Jack Bergman won the GOP nomination and Lon Johnson won the Democratic nomination.

Nominee

 * Jack Bergman, retired United States Marine Corps lieutenant general

Eliminated in primary

 * Jason Allen, former state senator and candidate for this district in 2010
 * Tom Casperson, state senator

Declined

 * Dan Benishek, incumbent U.S. Representative (endorsed Casperson)

Nominee

 * Lon Johnson, former Michigan Democratic Party chairman

Eliminated in primary

 * Jerry Cannon, retired Michigan Army National Guard Major General, former Kalkaska County Sheriff and nominee for this seat in 2014

Declined

 * Scott Dianda, state representative

Nominated

 * Diane Bostow, Gwinn resident

District 2
Republican incumbent Rep. Bill Huizenga ran for re-election. His Democratic opponent was Dennis Murphy, and his Libertarian opponent was Kentwood City Commissioner Erwin Haas.

Nominee

 * Bill Huizenga, incumbent U.S. Representative

Nominee

 * Dennis Murphy, engineer

District 3
Republican incumbent Rep. Justin Amash ran for re-election. His Democratic opponent was Douglas Smith.

Nominee

 * Justin Amash, incumbent U.S. Representative

Nominee

 * Douglas Smith

District 4
Republican incumbent Rep. John Moolenaar ran for re-election. His Libertarian opponent was Leonard Schwartz. Keith Butkovich was the candidate for the Natural Law Party, George Zimmer for the U.S. Taxpayers Party and George Salvi for the Green Party. There was no Democratic opponent on the August primary ballot, but Debra Wirth launched a successful write-in campaign to be the Democratic nominee for the November election.

Nominee

 * John Moolenaar, incumbent U.S. Representative

Nominee

 * Debra Friedell Wirth, attorney and nominee for this seat in 2012 (write-in)

District 5
Democratic incumbent Rep. Dan Kildee ran for re-election. His Republican opponent was Al Hardwick.

Nominee

 * Dan Kildee, incumbent U.S. Representative

Nominee

 * Allen Hardwick, computer repairman and nominee for this seat in 2014

Nominated

 * Steve Sluka

District 6
Incumbent Fred Upton sought re-election to his House seat. His Democratic challenger in 2014, Paul Clements, ran again.

Nominee

 * Fred Upton, incumbent U.S. Representative

Nominee

 * Paul Clements, political science professor and nominee for this seat in 2014

Nominated

 * Lorence Wenke, former state representative

District 7
The 7th district is located in Southern Michigan. The incumbent was Republican Tim Walberg, who had represented the district since 2011 and previously represented the district from 2007 to 2009. He was re-elected with 53% of the vote in 2014, and the district has a PVI of R+3. Walberg was challenged by Doug North. Democratic state representative Gretchen Driskell, the former mayor of Saline, announced that she would run against Walberg in 2016, as would Libertarian Ken Proctor. Walberg won the Republican nomination.

Nominee

 * Tim Walberg, incumbent U.S. Representative

Eliminated in primary

 * Doug North

Nominee

 * Gretchen Driskell, state representative

Declined

 * Pam Byrnes, former state representative and nominee for this seat in 2014

Nominated

 * Ken Proctor

District 8
Freshman Republican incumbent Mike Bishop ran for re-election. He ran unopposed in the Republican primary.

Nominee

 * Mike Bishop, incumbent U.S. Representative

Democratic primary
Two candidates were originally slated to face each other in the Democratic primary. They were former actress Melissa Gilbert (Little House on the Prairie) and a former president of the Screen Actors Guild, and Linda Keefe.

Gilbert withdrew from the race in May 2016 due to health issues, and at that time Keefe did not appear to have collected enough valid petition signatures to be placed on the ballot.

On July 6, 2016, Democrats introduced 29-year-old Suzanna Shkreli, an Assistant Macomb County Prosecutor to be the party's nominee. At the time of Shkreli's announcement, it was still unclear if Michigan Secretary of State Ruth Johnson would allow Gilbert to be removed from the ballot. Johnson said that the Office of the Secretary of State would not make a ruling until after the state's August 2 primary. Gilbert's name remained on the ballot.

On August 2, Gilbert received the most votes in the Democratic primary, receiving 28,810 votes, despite previously announcing her withdrawal from the race. Michigan Democratic Party Chairman Brandon Dillon said the day after that the party would begin the process to remove Gilbert from the November ballot and replace her with Shkreli within 48 hours. Bishop's campaign described Gilbert's attempt to be removed from the ballot as unprecedented. A Democratic campaign spokesman said they had retained legal counsel for the process.

The Michigan state elections director said that Gilbert's name could be removed from the ballot in the general election. On August 22, 2016, the state board of canvassers allowed Gilbert's name to be replaced on the November ballot with that of Shkreli.

Nominee

 * Suzanna Shkreli, Assistant Macomb County Prosecutor

Failed to qualify

 * Linda Keefe, former Windsor Township Clerk (disqualified from primary ballot for lack of signatures)

Withdrawn

 * Melissa Gilbert, actress and former president of the Screen Actors Guild

Nominated

 * Jeff Wood

District 9
Democratic incumbent Rep. Sander Levin ran for re-election. His Republican challenger was Christopher Morse, and his Libertarian opponent was Matt Orlando.

Nominee

 * Sander Levin, incumbent U.S. Representative

Nominee

 * Christopher Morse

Nominated

 * Matthew Orlando

District 10
Republican incumbent Candice Miller, who had represented the 10th district since 2003, did not run for reelection. State representative Tony Forlini, State Senator Phil Pavlov, businessman Paul Mitchell, former state senator Alan Sanborn, and retired military veteran David VanAssche were seeking the Republican nomination to succeed Miller. State Senator Jack Brandenburg considered entering the race, but declared in January 2016 that he would not run. Paul Mitchell won the Republican nomination.

Nominee

 * Paul Mitchell, businessman

Eliminated in primary

 * Tony Forlini, state representative
 * Phil Pavlov, state senator
 * Alan Sanborn, former state senator
 * David VanAssche

Withdrew

 * Michael Flynn, Shelby Township Treasurer

Nominee

 * Frank Acavitti, Jr.

Nominated

 * Lisa Gioia

District 11
The 11th district is located northwest of Detroit. The incumbent was Republican Dave Trott, who had represented the district since 2015. He was elected in 2014, winning the general election with 55.9% of the vote. He ran for re-election. Anil Kumar was his Democratic opponent, and Jonathan Osment was his Libertarian opponent. Kerry Bentivolio, who represented the 11th District from 2013 to 2015 and lost to Trott in the 2014 Republican primary, announced on July 21, 2016, that he planned to seek the seat as an independent after losing to Osment in the Libertarian convention.

Nominee

 * Dave Trott, incumbent U.S. Representative

Nominee

 * Anil Kumar, physician

Nominated

 * Jonathan Osment

Independent

 * Kerry Bentivolio, former U.S. Representative

District 12
Democratic first term congresswoman Debbie Dingell ran for re-election and was unopposed in the primary. Jeff Jones was the Republican challenger, a Taylor resident, a former independent United States Senate candidate in 2014. Also running was Tom Bagwell of Wyandotte, libertarian activist and former Ypsilanti Township Park Commissioner who won the Libertarian Party nomination for District 12 on May 14, 2016, in Lansing, Michigan.

Nominee

 * Debbie Dingell, incumbent U.S. Representative

Nominee

 * Jeff Jones

Nominated

 * Tom Bagwell

District 13
John Conyers, a Democrat, the incumbent representative in the 13th district, had served 26 terms in Congress and was the Dean of the United States House of Representatives. Detroit and City Clerk Janice Winfrey ran against Conyers in the Democratic Party primary election. Jeff Gorman ran on the Republican side, and Tiffany Hayden ran on the Libertarian side. Conyers won the nomination.

Nominee

 * John Conyers, incumbent U.S. Representative

Defeated in primary

 * Janice Winfrey, Detroit city clerk

Failed to qualify

 * Kenneth Garner

Nominee

 * Jeff Gorman

Nominated

 * Tiffany Hayden

District 14
Democratic incumbent Rep. Brenda Lawrence sought re-election and had two Democratic challengers, Terrance Morrison and Vanessa Moss. Lawrence won the Democratic nomination. The Republican candidate was Howard Klausner and the Libertarian candidate was Gregory Creswell.

Nominee

 * Brenda Lawrence, incumbent U.S. Representative

Defeated in primary

 * Terrance Morrison
 * Vanessa Moss

Nominee

 * Howard Klausner

Nominated

 * Gregory Creswell


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zikan

The result of the debate was delete. Johnleemk | Talk 15:56, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Zikan
Continuing the clean-up of Soviet WWII articles, this is another highly suspect article which deals with a person never identified by name, but referenced once in a single non-authoritative book. Wikipedia cannot afford to be misused to further misinformation, simply because much of the Western world is ignorant of Soviet WWII personalities. Sherurcij (talk) (Terrorist Wikiproject) 08:34, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Weak delete as unverifiable. The book "Stalingrad" does mention Zikan — in exactly the one sentence mentioned in the article. Googling for "Zikan sniper" seems to reveal that same sentence copied verbatim (and a lot of Call of Duty players with that nick). Since Zikan means "cheater" etc there is a good chance he was a war propaganda hoax. Unless sources surface either delete, or mention the probability of war propagaganda in the article. A published book and a couple of hundred ghits — just on the fence of being a notable hoax. Weregerbil 13:22, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete unless better verified.  OhNo itsJamie Talk 23:04, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Note possible propaganda as per Weregerbil. If Zikan really existed, Wikipedia should have an entry on him(or her), and if not, the possibility of a hoax should be clearly noted, rather than allowing people to make conclusions without all the facts. Yvh11a 17:00, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zikan


text:
man boob

Noun

 * 1)  One of a pair of large or womanly breasts on a man caused by pectoral fat, or sometimes a hormonal condition such as gynecomastia.

Translations

 * Swedish:

title: man boob


text:
User:Josephpaulc/sandbox

Christian Association and Alliance for Social Action

This is a Christian organization of Kerala. It follows a Conservative Pan Christian Ideology.

title: User:Josephpaulc/sandbox


text:
Yontrakit Racing Team

Yontrakit Racing Team is a Thai auto racing team based in Bangkok, Thailand. The team has raced in the TCR International Series, since 2017. The team also races in the TCR Thailand Touring Car Championship and Thailand Super Series.

TCR Thailand Touring Car Championship
Having first entered the championship in 2016, running a single SEAT León Cup Racer, driver Rattanin Leenutaphong had an impressive debut in the Am class, finishing first and second in the two races. They returned in 2017 running an updated SEAT León TCR for 2016 driver Rattanin Leenutaphong. With Leenutaphong having taken several podiums in Am class, during the season.

SEAT León TCR (2017–)
After having raced in the TCR Thailand Touring Car Championship, the team entered the 2017 TCR International Series with Rattanin Leenutaphong driving a SEAT León TCR.

title: Yontrakit Racing Team


text:
Pani Paali

Panipaali is a Malayalam rap song written and composed by Malayalam film actor Neeraj Madhav. The music production of the song was done by Anand "Arcado" Seetharaman. Music was mastered by Ribin Richard and additional sound design was done by Vignesh R.K. (Sapthaa Records).

Pani Paali 2
Pani Paali 2 is the second part of Pani Paali Music Video. Pani Paali 2 released in 20 November 2021 in YouTube channel of Neeraj Madhav.

title: Pani Paali


text:
Brogden

Brogden can refer to:

People

 * Curtis Hooks Brogden (1816–1901), North Carolina governor
 * Gwendoline Brogden (1891–1973), British stage actress
 * John Brogden (1969–), NSW politician
 * John Brogden (1798–1869), English industrialist, or one of his sons and business partners:
 * John Brogden Jun. (1823–1855)
 * Alexander Brogden (1825–1892)
 * Henry Brogden (1828–1913)
 * James Brogden (1832–1907)
 * Leon Brogden (1910–2000), Sports coach
 * Stan Brogden (1910–1981), British Rugby League footballer
 * Willis J. Brogden (1877–1935), Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court

Places

 * Brogden, Lancashire, England
 * Brogden, North Carolina, U.S.
 * Brogden Middle School, a school in Durham, North Carolina, U.S.

Other uses

 * John Brogden and Sons Railway Contracts, Coal and Iron Mines, Iron Smelting.
 * Brogden v Metropolitan Rly Co, English contract law case.
 * Brogden (avocado), an avocado cultivar

title: Brogden


text:
Babura, Bhojpur

Babura is a large village in Barhara block of Bhojpur district in Bihar, India. As of 2011, its population was 28,412, in 4,291 households. That year, it was the most populous village in Bhojpur district.

title: Babura, Bhojpur


text:
2020–21 UNC Wilmington Seahawks men's basketball team

The 2020–21 UNC Wilmington Seahawks men's basketball team represented the University of North Carolina Wilmington during the 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Seahawks was led by Takayo Siddle, who took over from C.B. McGrath when he was fired by UNCW in January 2020. They played their home games at Trask Coliseum as part of the Colonial Athletic Association.

Previous season
The Seahawks finished the 2019–20 season with a 10–22 record and 5–13 in conference play. They were eliminated in the first round of the 2020 CAA men's basketball tournament when they lost to the Drexel Dragons.

Schedule and results
!colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season

!colspan=9 style=| CAA regular season

!colspan=9 style=| CAA tournament

Source:


text:
Draft:Operating system/Operating Systems/Booting

Overview
After powering on, the first series of steps a computer goes through is known as booting. During the boot process, the system will load some form of startup instructions, then perform a series of common steps to prepare and load the operating system.

Common Steps
While each computer system has a slightly different boot process, they all go through a set of common steps, outlined below.

1) The user, an internal timer, or some other event activates the power to the system.

2) The CPU performs a self test.

3) The system loads an initial set of instructions from a Read Only Memory (ROM). On the x86 IBM/PC compatible systems, this is the BIOS.

4) The startup instructions initialize the video card (if present) or other output device and performs a series of system self tests.

5) The startup instructions locate, load, and passes control to the boot loader.

6) The boot loader initializes the system to a known state.

7) The boot loader locates, loads, and passes control to the operating system kernel or a larger boot manager like grub.


text:
List of protected heritage sites in As, Belgium

This table shows an overview of the protected heritage sites in the Flemish town As, Belgium. This list is part of Belgium's national heritage.

 * }


text:
Talk:Fuklo

"Fuklo" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Fuklo. The discussion is happening right now at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 August 18 until a consensus is confirmed, and anyone, which includes you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. Seventyfiveyears at 22:24, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fuklo


text:
Talk:Donna Caponi

1976 results
I just made corrections in my recent edit. Golfobserver has the wrong results up for Caponi in 1976. Compare The Carlton in the old edit with this news article.

GO is an excellent source for results but occasionally its owner makes mistakes. If an editor finds any golfer's results at GO in doubt, check them against Google News archive or other reliable sources. You can also drop me a heads up. I'm good at sifting out the right info.- William 15:46, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

Yes Caponi won the Carlton by 5
but this article states she won it by four. So its confusing rather than helpful as a reference.William 01:13, 25 November 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Donna Caponi


text:
Norwich Rowing Club

Norwich Rowing Club is a rowing club on the River Yare based at Whitlingham Boathouses, Whitlingham Lane, Trowse, Norwich and is affiliated to British Rowing.

History
The club was founded in 1972.

The club has produced five British champion crews.

title: Norwich Rowing Club


text:
Talk:Dieter Hallervorden

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Dieter Hallervorden. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110318071841/http://www.mdr.de:80/kriegskinder/6200031.html to http://www.mdr.de/kriegskinder/6200031.html
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title: Talk:Dieter Hallervorden


text:
2016 Aesthetic Group Gymnastics World Cup series

The 2016 IFAGG World Cup series in Aesthetic Group Gymnastics is a series of competitions officially organized and promoted by the International Federation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics.

Challenge Cup
Note: Only three best results count.


text:
User:Keseansanders2

hi wassup. my name is Ke'sean my weenie small but my dreams are big. and i love Shrek.

title: User:Keseansanders2


text:
User:Fannyvalouis

Fannyvalouis
I'm a French Translation Studies MSc student at the University of Edinburgh.

My example citation
I read an interesting story on BBC News site about Donald Trump and North Korea.

My example list
Things I like:
 * Theatre
 * Ski
 * Reading
 * Cinema
 * Wine

title: User:Fannyvalouis


text:
COSTP World History Project/California Content Standards

COSTP World History Project

See: http://www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/ss/hstgrades9through12.asp (Historical and Social Sciences Analysis Skills)

and http://www.cde.ca.gov/re/pn/fd/documents/hist-social-sci-frame.pdf (pp. 125-139)

These will be our primary organizing documents, based strictly on California Department of Education K-12 World History standards.

World History, Culture, and Geography: The Modern World
Students in grade ten study major turning points that shaped the modern world, from the late eighteenth century through the present, including the cause and course of the two world wars. They trace the rise of democratic ideas and develop an understanding of the historical roots of current world issues, especially as they pertain to international relations. They extrapolate from the American experience that democratic ideals are often achieved at a high price, remain vulnerable, and are not practiced everywhere in the world. Students develop an understanding of current world issues and relate them to their historical, geographic, political, economic, and cultural contexts. Students consider multiple accounts of events in order to understand international relations from a variety of perspectives.

====10.1 Students relate the moral and ethical principles in ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, in Judaism, and in Christianity to the development of Western political thought. ====

1. Analyze the similarities and differences in Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman views of law, reason and faith, and duties of the individual.

2. Trace the development of the Western political ideas of the rule of law and illegiti-macy of tyranny, using selections from Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Politics.

3. Consider the influence of the U.S. Constitution on political systems in the contempo-rary world.

====10.2 Students compare and contrast the Glorious Revolution of England, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution and their enduring effects worldwide on the political expectations for self-government and individual liberty.====

1. Compare the major ideas of philosophers and their effects on the democratic revolutions in England, the United States, France, and Latin America (e.g., John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Simón Bolívar, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison).

2. List the principles of the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights (1689), the American Declaration of Independence (1776), the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789), and the U.S. Bill of Rights (1791).

3. Understand the unique character of the American Revolution, its spread to other parts of the world, and its continuing significance to other nations.

4. Explain how the ideology of the French Revolution led France to develop from constitutional monarchy to democratic despotism to the Napoleonic empire.

5. Discuss how nationalism spread across Europe with Napoleon but was repressed for a generation under the Congress of Vienna and Concert of Europe until the Revolutions of 1848.

10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.
1. Analyze why England was the first country to industrialize.

2. Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (e.g., the inventions and discoveries of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison).

3. Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and growth of cities associated with the Industrial Revolution.

4. Trace the evolution of work and labor, including the demise of the slave trade and the effects of immigration, mining and manufacturing, division of labor, and the union movement.

5. Understand the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy.

6. Analyze the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic pattern and the responses to it, including Utopianism, Social Democracy, Socialism, and Communism.

7. Describe the emergence of Romanticism in art and literature (e.g., the poetry of William Blake and William Wordsworth), social criticism (e.g., the novels of Charles Dickens), and the move away from Classicism in Europe.

====10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines. ====

1. Describe the rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism and colonialism (e.g., the role played by national security and strategic advantage; moral issues raised by the search for national hegemony, Social Darwinism, and the missionary impulse; material issues such as land, resources, and technology).

2. Discuss the locations of the colonial rule of such nations as England, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Portugal, and the United States.

3. Explain imperialism from the perspective of the colonizers and the colonized and the varied immediate and long-term responses by the people under colonial rule.

4. Describe the independence struggles of the colonized regions of the world, including the roles of leaders, such as Sun Yat-sen in China, and the roles of ideology and religion.

10.5 Students analyze the causes and course of the First World War.
1. Analyze the arguments for entering into war presented by leaders from all sides of the Great War and the role of political and economic rivalries, ethnic and ideological conflicts, domestic discontent and disorder, and propaganda and nationalism in mobilizing the civilian population in support of "total war."

2. Examine the principal theaters of battle, major turning points, and the importance of geographic factors in military decisions and outcomes (e.g., topography, waterways, distance, climate).

3. Explain how the Russian Revolution and the entry of the United States affected the course and outcome of the war.

4. Understand the nature of the war and its human costs (military and civilian) on all sides of the conflict, including how colonial peoples contributed to the war effort.

5. Discuss human rights violations and genocide, including the Ottoman government's actions against Armenian citizens.

10.6 Students analyze the effects of the First World War.
1

10.7 Students analyze the rise of totalitarian governments after World War I.
1. Understand the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution, including Lenin's use of totalitarian means to seize and maintain control (e.g., the Gulag).

2. Trace Stalin's rise to power in the Soviet Union and the connection between economic policies, political policies, the absence of a free press, and systematic violations of human rights (e.g., the Terror Famine in Ukraine).

3. Analyze the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes (Fascist and Communist) in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union, noting especially their common and dissimilar traits.

10.8 Students analyze the causes and consequences of World War II.
1. Compare the German, Italian, and Japanese drives for empire in the 1930s, including the 1937 Rape of Nanking, other atrocities in China, and the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939.

2. Understand the role of appeasement, nonintervention (isolationism), and the domestic distractions in Europe and the United States prior to the outbreak of World War II.

3. Identify and locate the Allied and Axis powers on a map and discuss the major turning points of the war, the principal theaters of conflict, key strategic decisions, and the resulting war conferences and political resolutions, with emphasis on the importance of geographic factors.

4. Describe the political, diplomatic, and military leaders during the war (e.g., Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Emperor Hirohito, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, Douglas MacArthur, Dwight Eisenhower).

5. Analyze the Nazi policy of pursuing racial purity, especially against the European Jews; its transformation into the Final Solution; and the Holocaust that resulted in the murder of six million Jewish civilians.

6. Discuss the human costs of the war, with particular attention to the civilian and military losses in Russia, Germany, Britain, the United States, China, and Japan.

10.9 Students analyze the international developments in the post-World World War II world.
1. Compare the economic and military power shifts caused by the war, including the Yalta Pact, the development of nuclear weapons, Soviet control over Eastern European nations, and the economic recoveries of Germany and Japan.

2. Analyze the causes of the Cold War, with the free world on one side and Soviet client states on the other, including competition for influence in such places as Egypt, the Congo, Vietnam, and Chile.

3. Understand the importance of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, which established the pattern for America's postwar policy of supplying economic and military aid to prevent the spread of Communism and the resulting economic and political competition in arenas such as Southeast Asia (i.e., the Korean War, Vietnam War), Cuba, and Africa.

4. Analyze the Chinese Civil War, the rise of Mao Tse-tung, and the subsequent political and economic upheavals in China (e.g., the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and the Tiananmen Square uprising).

5. Describe the uprisings in Poland (1952), Hungary (1956), and Czechoslovakia (1968) and those countries' resurgence in the 1970s and 1980s as people in Soviet satellites sought freedom from Soviet control.

6. Understand how the forces of nationalism developed in the Middle East, how the Holocaust affected world opinion regarding the need for a Jewish state, and the significance and effects of the location and establishment of Israel on world affairs.

7. Analyze the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union, including the weakness of the command economy, burdens of military commitments, and growing resistance to Soviet rule by dissidents in satellite states and the non-Russian Soviet republics.

8. Discuss the establishment and work of the United Nations and the purposes and functions of the Warsaw Pact, SEATO, NATO, and the Organization of American States.

====10.10 Students analyze instances of nation-building in the contemporary world in at least two of the following regions or countries: the Middle East, Africa, Mexico and other parts of Latin America, and China. ====

1. Understand the challenges in the regions, including their geopolitical, cultural, military, and economic significance and the international relationships in which they are involved.

2. Describe the recent history of the regions, including political divisions and systems, key leaders, religious issues, natural features, resources, and population patterns.

3. Discuss the important trends in the regions today and whether they appear to serve the cause of individual freedom and democracy.


text:
Sam Reynolds (cyclist)

Sam Reynolds (born 4 June 1991 in Cuckfield, West Sussex England) is a Professional freeride Mountain biker. Known for his Best Trick award in 2015 Red Bull Rampage event when he did a superman over a 72'ft Canyon Gap. He also later performed a trick the "rock solid" in the same event.

Sponsors
Current Bike Sponsor, NS Bikes, Monster Energy

Achievement
2013
 * Won 2 FMB Contest
 * 4th Stuttgart Bike Fest
 * 3rd at Crankworx L2A 2014
 * 5th at Leogang 26trix
 * 7th overall FMB
 * 5th City 8 Quebec

2014
 * 1st Whitestyle
 * 3rd 26trix
 * 2nd Vienna air king
 * 2nd Adidas ride the sky
 * 1st Jack gear invitational
 * 2nd Bergline
 * 3rd Crankworx Europe
 * 1st Night harvest

title: Sam Reynolds (cyclist)


text:
Ben Kennedy (footballer, born 1997)

Ben James Kennedy (born 12 January 1997) is a Northern Irish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder or forward for NIFL Premiership club Crusaders.

Kennedy joined Stevenage on a two-year youth scholarship in the summer of 2013 and broke into the first team during the 2014–15 season. He signed for Newport County on loan in January 2019 before returning to Stevenage at the end of the 2018–19 season. He was released by Stevenage in June 2020 and joined Crusaders of the NIFL Premiership two months later. He has also represented Northern Ireland at under-17, under-19 and under-21 level.

Early life
Kennedy was born in Lisburn, Northern Ireland. He is the nephew of former Northern Ireland international Peter Kennedy.

Stevenage
Kennedy was scouted by Stevenage academy manager Darren Sarll whilst playing for Northern Ireland at youth level in the summer of 2013. Sarll spoke to Kennedy's parents and offered Kennedy the opportunity to train with the club's youth academy. He accepted the offer, played one match for the Stevenage under-18 team and subsequently signed a two-year scholarship with the club ahead of the 2013–14 season. Kennedy impressed Stevenage manager Graham Westley whilst competing in the 2014–15 FA Youth Cup, particularly in the club's 2–1 extra-time defeat to Everton under-18s in the third round of the competition in December 2014. Two days after the match against Everton, he trained with the first team, and he made his first-team debut a month later, on 31 January 2015, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 2–0 League Two defeat against Oxford United at Broadhall Way. Kennedy scored his first professional goals on 14 February 2015, scoring twice in a 3–1 victory away at Hartlepool United. Four days after scoring his first two goals for the club, he signed his first professional contract. Kennedy scored four goals in 17 games during his first season in professional football, helping Stevenage reach the League Two play-offs, where they lost at the semi-final stage to Southend United.

Kennedy had to wait until late September to make his first appearance of the 2015–16 season as a result of undergoing hip surgery in the summer of 2015. He was a regular in the first team under new Stevenage manager Teddy Sheringham upon his return from injury. He signed an improved three-year contract with the club on 15 October 2015. Kennedy was given personal leave "for a few weeks" in December 2015, before sustaining a knee injury in training a month later that was expected to keep him out of action for the remainder of the season. However, six weeks after knee surgery, Kennedy came on as a 71st-minute substitute in a 2–0 home defeat to Exeter City. Sheringham was replaced as manager by Darren Sarll, who bought Kennedy to the club three years earlier. He made 25 appearances in a season that marked Kennedy's first full season as a professional; scoring three goals, as Stevenage lost once in their remaining nine league fixtures to secure their League Two status for a further season.

Following an injury-free pre-season, Kennedy began the 2016–17 season as a regular in the starting line-up. He scored his first goal of the season in Stevenage's 1–0 victory against Ipswich Town at Portman Road in the EFL Cup. He scored his final goal of the season in a 2–0 away victory against Luton Town on 11 March 2017. The goal was voted as Stevenage's goal of the season as Kennedy "chested the ball down just inside Luton's half, dribbled to the edge of the area and unleashed a right-footed shot into the top corner of the net". In April 2017, Kennedy signed a new two-year contract with Stevenage, running until the summer of 2019. Kennedy scored nine times in 39 appearances during the season as the club finished in 10th place in League Two.

Loan to Newport County
Kennedy joined fellow League Two club Newport County on loan on 31 January 2019, for the remainder of the 2018–19 season. Stevenage chairman Phil Wallace stated the club had "little choice" in the loan move with Kennedy having "made it clear" that he did not want to remain at the club, feeling that "a different environment would allow him to play his best football". Kennedy made his Newport debut in the club's 3–0 away defeat at Grimsby Town on 2 February 2019. He made 10 appearances during the loan spell, scoring once; his goal for the club came in a 3–1 victory at Yeovil Town on 30 March 2019.

Return to Stevenage
Kennedy returned to Stevenage upon the expiry of his loan agreement at Newport and made 21 appearances during the 2019–20 season, which was curtailed in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He was included in the club's released list in June 2020.

Crusaders
Kennedy signed for NIFL Premiership club Crusaders on 24 August 2020, agreeing a three-year contract. He debuted for Crusaders in the opening match of the 2020–21 season against Dundela on 10 October 2020, scoring two penalties in a 2–0 victory. He won his first trophy with the club on 7 May 2022 as Crusaders won the 2021–22 Irish Cup with a 2–1 extra-time victory against Ballymena United.

International career
Having earned two caps for Northern Ireland's under-17 team in 2013, Kennedy made the step up to under-19 level following his breakthrough into the Stevenage first team in 2015. He captained the under-19 team and scored two goals in five appearances. Kennedy was called up to the under-21 team in October 2016, and played seven times at that level.

Personal life
In 2020 Kennedy was given a five-month prison sentence, suspended for two years, and was fined £100 after a hearing at Lisburn Magistrates Court for breaching coronavirus regulations.

Honours
Crusaders
 * Irish Cup: 2021–22, 2022–23
 * NIFL Charity Shield: 2022

title: Ben Kennedy (footballer, born 1997)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/I'm Not Stressed

The result was redirect to Deanne Pandey. The author's notability is a topic for another discussion Eddie891 Talk Work 17:51, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

I'm Not Stressed

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

This book article is basically an advertisement for a "Bollwood fitness expert". No in-depth or reliable sources exist that attest to its notability. Fails every single criterion under WP:NBOOK. MaysinFourty (talk) 17:50, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Literature-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 18:14, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. MaysinFourty (talk) 11:59, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. MaysinFourty (talk) 11:59, 20 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete per nom -- no sources that suggest notability. power~enwiki ( π, ν ) 18:55, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Redirect to author's page. pburka (talk) 17:57, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * As looking at WorldCat here, shows it is held by a couple of libraries so redirect to author's page. GSS  💬 11:33, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Doesn't seem to have been reviewed anywhere. I'm not convinced that a redirect to the author's page would be useful, as it seems likely that the author isn't notable either. – Arms & Hearts (talk) 18:54, 22 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Ely Energy Center

The Ely Energy Center was a proposed coal-fired power plant that was to be built in Steptoe Valley, north of the city of Ely and located in White Pine County, Nevada. The plant was proposed by Nevada Power Company and Sierra Pacific Resources in January 2006. Construction was to begin on a 750-megawatt power unit in 2007, with completion by 2011. A second 750-megawatt unit was to be built within a few years after the first one, with a total cost of $3.8 billion. The companies also planned to ultimately add two 500-megawatt coal gasification plants to the project as soon as such technology became commercially viable. The total cost, upon full completion, would amount to $5 billion. The Ely Energy Center would have been the largest power plant in Nevada, and the state's largest energy project since the construction of Hoover Dam.

The project faced opposition from environmental groups and senator Harry Reid, but was supported by Nevada governor Jim Gibbons, the Ely Shoshone Tribe, and some Ely city officials. The project was postponed for three and a half years in November 2007, due to delays from the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in issuing an environmental impact statement (EIS). In February 2009, the project was delayed for approximately 10 years, until the technology to capture and store carbon dioxide pollution would become commercially feasible. The decision was made due to the possibility of the United States Congress enacting carbon emission tax laws, which would increase the project's cost and make it unfeasible. Rising construction costs were also a factor in delaying the project.

Announcement and overview
On January 10, 2006, utility company Sierra Pacific Resources – the parent company of Nevada Power Company – announced plans to construct the Ely Energy Center, a $5 billion coal plant, in White Pine County's Steptoe Valley, north of the city of Ely. The project was to be built on land that was controlled by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The project was part of the company's plan to lower its reliance on natural gas. The Ely Energy Center would be the largest power plant in the state, and the largest energy project in the state since the construction of Hoover Dam.

The first power unit, capable of producing 750 megawatts, was to be operational by 2011. A 250-mile transmission line would accompany the energy center, to bring electricity from the plant to northern and southern Nevada. A second 750-megawatt plant would be completed within a few years after the first one. Both units, to be built at a total cost of $3 billion, were to utilize water-conserving technology and "supercritical" technology capable of burning coal efficiently at high temperatures. The company would also use clean coal technology as a way of minimizing environmental effects, while hybrid cooling would be used to reduce the amount of water required to keep the plants cool. Additionally, the company had plans to ultimately build two 500-megawatt coal gasification plants at the Ely Energy Center, as soon as such technology became commercially viable. The gasification plants would cost $2 billion to construct. The four plants would be capable of producing up to 2,500 megawatts, enough to provide electricity to 1.7 million households.

Sierra Pacific Resources had previously declined to be a long-term customer of LS Power's White Pine Energy Station (also proposed for the Steptoe Valley) and Sithe Global's Toquop Energy Project (proposed near Mesquite, Nevada) as bond rating agencies perceive long-term power contracts to be a liability for utility companies, while company-owned plants are treated as assets. Sierra Pacific Resources planned to finance the project through stocks and bonds. Construction was expected to begin in 2007. The project would provide up to 2,000 construction jobs, and 300 permanent jobs upon completion. Sierra Pacific Resources stated that the project could make the company an additional $90 million in its first year. Officials of Utah's Hill Air Force Base had concerns that the coal plant could interfere with training flights in the Ely area. The project was presented to the White Pine County Commission on March 8, 2006. In May 2006, LS Power stated that consumers of electrical power in Nevada would save $600 million over a three-year period if Nevada Power Company and Sierra Pacific Power would purchase power from the White Pine Energy Station rather than building their own coal plant.

Progress
In September 2006, environmental groups testified that the companies should delay the Ely Energy Center for a year to conduct further research, as the current version of the plant would produce large amounts of carbon dioxide. In November 2006, the Public Utilities Commission gave the companies permission to spend $300 million to begin developing the transmission line and the $3.7 billion Ely Energy Center. Nevada Power Company was to pay 80 percent of the cost for the 1,500-megawatt energy center, while Sierra Pacific Resources would pay the remainder. Later that month, the companies applied for an air permit with the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection.

In March 2007, Sierra Pacific Resources agreed to help the city of Ely purchase the Nevada Northern Railway by providing a $375,000 loan. The company intended to use the railroad to transport coal to the energy center from Montana and from Wyoming's Powder River Basin. The company planned to spend $40 million of a $3.8 billion budget to rebuild 100 miles of the railway so it could connect with an existing Union Pacific rail line. LS Power, which also helped cover the cost to purchase the railway, also planned to use it for transporting coal to its White Pine Energy Station.

By April 2007, analysts believed that only one coal plant would be built in White Pine County, with the Ely Energy Center being considered as more likely to proceed. In June 2007, a spokesman for the companies said they did not expect to receive opposition from the National Park Service, which had recently voiced opposition to the White Pine Energy Station for its possible environmental effects on the nearby Great Basin National Park. David Sims, project director of development for the Ely Energy Center, said the project would use superior air quality controls that would result in significantly lower sulfur dioxide emissions compared to the White Pine Energy Station.

Environmental opposition and delay
In July 2007, Harry Reid said he would fight the development of the two coal projects. Ely city officials expressed disappointment with Reid's position. Nevada governor Jim Gibbons, a supporter of the two coal plants, reaffirmed his support for the projects after Reid's comment. At the end of the month, seven groups submitted a petition to the Nevada Environmental Commission requesting that permits for the two coal plants be delayed until the commission enacted new limits on the amount of pollution allowed by such plants. A hearing on the matter was set for September 7, 2007.

On November 28, 2007, Nevada Power announced that the project would be delayed for three and a half years because of regulatory review, while Sierra Pacific Resources planned to build a new natural gas-fired power plant near Las Vegas to keep up with demand in southern Nevada. Sierra Pacific Resources attributed the delay to the BLM, which had yet to issue an environmental impact statement (EIS). The BLM had expected to issue the EIS by summer 2008, but no longer expected to meet the deadline as it was also busy reviewing other projects. The company no longer expected to complete the first 750-megawatt unit by 2011, and did not set a new deadline for its completion. Reid praised the decision to delay construction of the project.

In January 2008, the National Park Service stated that plans to build the energy center near Ely were "unacceptable" as it would harm the quality of the air and water at Great Basin National Park, as well as disrupt scenic views. That month, the Ely Shoshone Tribe announced support for both coal plants, considering them to be an economic necessity. In February 2008, the companies were expected to delay their application for the project for two years.

In May 2008, the National Parks Conservation Association stated that the two coal plants would cause Great Basin National Park to suffer from acid rain pollution over time, ultimately harming the park's plants, fish, and other wildlife. The association also stated that the coal plants would affect air quality at the nearby Zion National Park in Utah. In August 2008, analysts for an environmental group, as well as the Public Utilities Commission staff and the attorney general's Bureau of Consumer Protection, recommended that Nevada Power and Sierra Pacific Resources end development of the project, which had increased in cost from $3.8 billion to $5 billion. In September 2008, the attorney general and Nevadans for a Clean, Affordable, Reliable Energy, an environmental group, believed that Nevada Power should do a complete review of project and study other possible power alternatives. Nevada Power suggested waiting until 2010 to do a full study, as new laws regarding carbon dioxide pollution were expected to be enacted by then.

In November 2008, Reid requested that Gibbons "join with me in putting Nevada quickly on a cleaner plat toward a renewable energy and efficiency driven economy and safer future." In December 2008, the BLM issued a draft EIS for the project, while NV Energy suspected that a final decision from the BLM was another year away. The project was also still awaiting a final air permit from the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection. The first power unit was expected to become operational by 2015, followed by the second unit a year later.

On February 3, 2009, NV Energy chief executive officer Michael Yackira said the project "is going to be very difficult to build." On February 9, 2009, NV Energy announced that the project would be postponed for approximately 10 years, until the technology to capture and store carbon dioxide pollution would become commercially feasible. Yackira said the decision was due to rising construction costs and the possibility of the United States Congress enacting carbon emission tax laws, which would increase the project's cost and make it unfeasible. The company planned to continue building the One Nevada transmission line, which was expected to be operational by late 2012 but became operational in 2014. Reid said, "I applaud NV Energy's decision to speed up the development of an important transmission line and to postpone construction of its Ely Energy Center coal plant." A July 2009 report from the Government Accountability Office confirmed that air quality and visibility at Great Basin National Park would be affected if either of the coal plants were built.

title: Ely Energy Center


text:
Talk:Chang Hee-sook

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:An Ji-Man which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 18:01, 27 March 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chang Hee-sook


text:
güz

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  autumn
 * 2)  autumn plowing
 * 1)  autumn plowing

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) autumn, fall

title: güz


text:
User:TheJoebro64/drafts/SonicGameList

Console games

 * Sonic the Hedgehog (1991)
 * 2
 * CD
 * 3
 * & Knuckles
 * 3D Blast
 * Adventure
 * Adventure 2
 * Heroes
 * Sonic the Hedgehog (2006)
 * Unleashed
 * 4: Episode I
 * Colors
 * Generations
 * 4: Episode II
 * Lost World
 * Mania
 * Forces
 * Frontiers

Handheld games

 * Sonic the Hedgehog
 * 2
 * Chaos
 * Triple Trouble
 * Blast
 * Pocket Adventure
 * Advance
 * Advance 2
 * Advance 3
 * Rush
 * Rush Adventure
 * Colors
 * Generations
 * Lost World

Canceled and unreleased games

 * Sonic's Edusoft
 * SegaSonic Bros.
 * Sister Sonic
 * Sonic-16
 * Sonic X-treme
 * Sonic Extreme
 * Sonic DS
 * Sonic the Hedgehog 4: Episode III

title: User:TheJoebro64/drafts/SonicGameList


text:
Talk:Dr. Wagner Jr.

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 11:20, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Dr. Wagner Jr.. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://superluchas.net/2011/06/17/triplemania-xix-cobertura-y-resultados-18-de-junio-de-2011-la-park-vs-el-mesias-mascara-vs-cabellera-tna-invade-triple-a/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://wwr-stardom.com/?new01=2014%E5%B9%B47%E6%9C%8810%E6%97%A5%E3%80%80premium-stars2014
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110515112842/http://www.100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/pwi/pwi500yr.htm to http://www.100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/pwi/pwi500yr.htm

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:16, 16 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dr. Wagner Jr.


text:
Into Kemi

Kemin Into, is a Finnish sports club based in the town of Kemi. Founded in 1907, they have sections in gymnastics, wrestling, boxing, bowling and basketball. Club owns a campsite in 8 km south of Kemi. Kemin Into is a member club of Finnish Workers' Sports Federation

Football
In 1970 Kemin Into was a first club from Lapland to reach Finnish first tier, known as mestaruussarja at the time. They were relegated after a single season. In 1985 they merged with two other local TUL Clubs to form Kemin Pallotoverit(KPT-85). They played their last season in 1985.

title: Into Kemi


text:
Wikipedia:Meetup/Online edit-a-thon SDGs September 2020

"Wiki loves SDGs" - Global Goals Week online edit-a-thon on SDG topics in September 2020

''Update on 28 September 2020: this event is now completed. A report will be posted soon on this page towards the bottom (put the page on your watchlist to be notified). We hope to be able to organize similar events in future! If you have feedback or suggestions, please put them on the talk page. To everyone who participated in the edit-a-thon: thanks a lot for your contributions! You might like to join the group Wikimedians for Sustainable Development to stay in touch. ''

This is the project meet-up page for the online one-week long edit-a-thon on Sustainable Development Goals topics during Global Goals Week (19-26 September 2020), called "Wiki loves SDGs".

This edit-a-thon mobilizes a community of SDG experts and hundreds of volunteers to create and update the SDG-related articles on Wikipedia. We expect this event will help strengthen the SDG related contents on Wikipedia, raise awareness of the Goals amongst new audiences and bring attention to the overall Global Goals movement. The edit-a-thon is part of a larger initiative also called "Wiki loves SDGs" which is supported by members of Wikimedians for Sustainable Development.

This event follows the Friendly Space policy for conduct. This initiative is organized by the UK not-for-profit Project Everyone. A detailed description of to-dos and how-tos is available on this sub-page here.

Questions about the event? Email us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Data recorded by Event Metrics
The outputs were analyzed with event metrics by creating this event.

Settings:
 * Time period used in the analysis: 15 to 29 Sept 2020
 * Wikis analysed: English Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons
 * Note: User:Scann was removed from the analysis because this user used a tool called "Find link" to add wikilinks to the article about Food prices. Whilst this is a good, valid approach, it meant that the number of pages improved jumped up by about 400 pages (934 instead of 517).

Contributions:
 * Pages created: 5 (the event metrics recorded 10 new pages but 5 of those were not relevant to SDG topics)
 * Pages improved: 517 (see table below for details)
 * Edits made: 3.3 k
 * Uploaded files: 216
 * Bytes changed: 612.2k

Impact:
 * Views to pages created: 1.6 k
 * Average daily views to pages improved: 333.7k
 * Average daily views to uploaded files: 2.5k
 * Unique pages with uploaded files: 60
 * Uploaded files in use: 86

Participation:
 * Participants: 108
 * New editors: 64
 * Retention after 7 days (beginning 7 days after the event): 7

Data recorded by Dashboard
The event's Dashboard was useful during the event to have an overview of who is editing and how much. The reporting by the Dashboard after the event is less useful as the data seems somewhat inflated. Here is the dashboard's data for this event (treat figures with care) for the time period 17 August to 29 September 2020 for the English Wikipedia:

 * Articles created: 178
 * Articles edited: 3.64 K
 * Edits, in total: 10.5 K
 * Registered editors: 328
 * Words added: 350 K
 * References added: 2.87 K
 * Article views: 10.4 million
 * Wikimedia Commons uploads: 219

Note: The data was retrieved on 6 October 2020 after removing about ten editors who did not contribute in English or who are highly experienced and active editors who edited a large number of articles that were not SDG-related. These people were removed in order to only monitor the contributions to the English Wikipedia and in order to not artificially inflate the results with "words added" or "article views" that were not SDG-related.

New articles created
We did not plan to create new articles during this event but rather improve existing articles. Nevertheless, the following articles were created by participants during the event:
 * 1) Aid for Trade
 * 2) Sustainable Development Goals and Australia
 * 3) Sustainable Development Goals and Lebanon
 * 4) Sustainable Development Goals and Ghana
 * 5) Sustainable Development Goals and Nigeria

In the lead-up to the edit-a-thon, the four SDG experts created the basics of the individual SDG Wikipedia articles. These included the following 12 articles (whereas these 5 already existed: SDG 6, SDG 14, SDG 15, SDG 16, SDG 17, but were pretty basic expect for SDG 6):

 * Sustainable Development Goal 1
 * Sustainable Development Goal 2
 * Sustainable Development Goal 3
 * Sustainable Development Goal 4
 * Sustainable Development Goal 5
 * Sustainable Development Goal 7
 * Sustainable Development Goal 8
 * Sustainable Development Goal 9
 * Sustainable Development Goal 10
 * Sustainable Development Goal 11
 * Sustainable Development Goal 12
 * Sustainable Development Goal 13

Prize winners
The nine volunteers who have made the most valuable contributions to SDG-related topics in the English Wikipedia during the edit-a-thon could win a cash prize of 100 Eur each. The prize winners were announced by Jimmy Wales in a video call on 25 September 2020 (recording available here on Youtube: https://youtu.be/cbxVnG-51oA ). Amongst the prize winners were five women and four men. The winners were:
 * 1) Helena, User:Hbdelfin - Czech Republic (female)
 * 2) Clementine, User:Cnyirahabihirwe123 - Rwanda (female)
 * 3) James, User:James_Moore200 - Nigeria (male)
 * 4) Obiorah, User:Obiorah_Precious_Oby - Nigeria (female)
 * 5) Moshood  User:Moshood Lasisi - Nigeria (male)
 * 6) Alex User:Rwebogora - Tanzania (male)
 * 7) Gbadegesin User:Gbadegesin Muhammed - Nigeria (male)
 * 8) Euphemia User:Ptinphusmia - Nigeria (female)
 * 9) Fatima User:Fatima993 - Lebanon (female)

Please note that this event focused on the English Wikipedia. For this reason, only the edits made to the English Wikipedia were eligible for prizes.

Participants (English Wikipedia)
We had 328 editors signed up in the event's Dashboard. Of those who signed up on the dashboard, about 100 volunteers (30%) contributed to SDG-related topics in the English Wikipedia - some with a lot of edits, some with only two or three edits. Volunteers who made at least ten good edits in the English Wikipedia during the edit-a-thon will receive a certificate of participation. The list below shows participants who made some edits, in alphabetical order:

 * 1) User:Abbykem
 * 2) User:Ad Huikeshoven
 * 3) User:AdrianLWeb
 * 4) User:Ailidoffad
 * 5) User:AmiableArchivist
 * 6) User:Anonymous OMJ
 * 7) User:ASRASR
 * 8) User:Bintjummah
 * 9) User:Bridgewatersquad
 * 10) User:Brunapedia
 * 11) User:CaroMdB
 * 12) User:CCLLNN
 * 13) User:Chaiwe
 * 14) User:Cherotichkogo
 * 15) User:CHIENKIYANY
 * 16) User:Climatechangematters
 * 17) User:Cmb2027
 * 18) User:Cnyirahabihirwe123
 * 19) User:Coach Tobi Olaitan
 * 20) User:Crl8751
 * 21) User:DaSupremo
 * 22) User:Dawn and Dusk
 * 23) User:Discott
 * 24) User:Doti Nicolasia
 * 25) User:DSolid 7
 * 26) User:Emaik
 * 27) User:Emman2000
 * 28) User:EMsmile
 * 29) User:ENG J.L
 * 30) User:Esther0825
 * 31) User:Ezarate
 * 32) User:Eze2020
 * 33) User:Fatima993
 * 34) User:Femkemilene
 * 35) User:Fiffy.n
 * 36) User:Gbadegesin Muhammed
 * 37) User:GoEThe
 * 38) User:GracieOluchi
 * 39) User:Halamsaleh89
 * 40) User:Hannahrosekk
 * 41) User:Hbdelfin
 * 42) User:Hunselme
 * 43) User:Hspetrie
 * 44) User:Izewton
 * 45) User:James Moore200
 * 46) User:JenzeeO
 * 47) User:Juriol
 * 48) User:Jwale2
 * 49) User:Kayastha.p
 * 50) User:KJD Ops
 * 51) User:LammyRichy
 * 52) User:LearnSDG
 * 53) User:Leezie eia
 * 54) User:Lovegreenenergy
 * 55) User:Lucía_Ximena_Medina
 * 56) User:Magreenblue
 * 57) User:Mallauryce
 * 58) User:Msando593
 * 59) User:MarcePdlc
 * 60) User:Marinna
 * 61) User:Meenakshi nandhini
 * 62) User:Mercejiro
 * 63) User:Moluwaseun
 * 64) User:Moshood Lasisi
 * 65) User:Ms Kabintie
 * 66) User:Neha Singh Jan
 * 67) User:Noura2311
 * 68) User:Nsi014
 * 69) User:NyakiotheVivacious
 * 70) User:Obiorah Precious Oby
 * 71) User:Olabideen
 * 72) User:Oladimeji Taiye Abigeal
 * 73) User:Olle Terenius (UU)
 * 74) User:Oluremiisaac
 * 75) User:OzTopacio
 * 76) User:Pakieditor
 * 77) User:Papouten
 * 78) User:PepperAddict
 * 79) User:PlanetCare
 * 80) User:Pndolo
 * 81) User:ProfessorakinAkin
 * 82) User:Ptinphusmia
 * 83) User:Rahulsoman
 * 84) User:Rkokhalid
 * 85) User:RosieTMM2030
 * 86) User:Roy Bouwer
 * 87) User:Rwebogora
 * 88) User:Sandra Okafor
 * 89) User:2030 SDGs
 * 90) User:Shlokkss
 * 91) User:Smartsmartlecturer
 * 92) User:Source Driven
 * 93) User:Sparsh85
 * 94) User:Sqbadyvr
 * 95) User:SusRep
 * 96) User:Teemah 24
 * 97) User:Thee progidy
 * 98) User:Vee.m.likunama
 * 99) User:Victoria Edeme
 * 100) User:Zephyr Proffitt

Languages other than English
The main focus of the event was the English Wikipedia but other organizers have translated the event page and list of SDG-related articles:
 * Spanish event page
 * Macedonian event page

Spanish
17 articles about the individual SDGs were created (none of them had articles in the Spanish Wikipedia before). More than 20 articles were improved, and also added references and created new articles about SDGs.

Participants:
 * Usuario:Ezarate
 * Usuario:Lilian89
 * Usuario:Marinna
 * Usuario:Scann

Macedonian
A blog post about this event is available here on Diff with the title "Wikipedia and Sustainable Development Goals: Engaging smaller Wikipedias". A full report about the Macedonian editing is available here in Macedonian language. The participants in the localized version of the initiative on the Macedonian Wikipedia created or improved 102 articles, which has substantially improved the coverage of SDG-related topics on the project. Importantly, participants have identified and used Macedonian-language sources as additional citations in articles.

The breakdown of the total figures identifies SDG 8 as the most popular goal for editing with 11 articles, followed by SDG 11 with 9. 100 new articles were created and one was improved. Most articles have been translated from other languages - not from English necessarily - but there are some developed independently and many expanded with additional content from other sources identified.

Participants:
 * Корисник:Dandarmkd
 * Корисник:Delova e
 * Корисник:Kiril Simeonovski
 * Корисник:КатеринаКајевска
 * Корисник:Тиверополник
 * Корисник:P.Nedelkovski
 * Корисник:Професор 18+
 * Корисник:Иван Ж

Catalan
All the individual SDG articles were created in the Catalan Wikipedia, translated from the English Wikipedia.

Participants:
 * Marinna

Portuguese
There was only one article created in September during the edit-a-thon (pt:Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 12 by pt:user:Beatriz Brajal. Another one was created in October pt:Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 14 by pt:User:GoEThe.

Participants:
 * pt:user:Beatriz Brajal
 * pt:User:GoEThe

Articles improved (Top-100)
The tool "Event Metrics" was applied to this event and found that 517 articles were improved. Below we show the Top-100 of those articles, ordered by "Bytes changed during event" (you can re-order the table by clicking on the little triangles). About 5 articles were removed from the list because they were completely unrelated to the SDGs.

Date, time and location

 * Date and time: 19 September 9:00 CET until 26 September 16:00 CET (during Global Goals Week)
 * Location: Online.
 * Virtual workroom (online platform): The link for this project is  https://fb.me/g/3aTi3vIQp/rGKMKM3B  (copy link into your browser) on Workplace by Facebook. More information about the workroom is available in the Welcome Note here.

Registration

 * Step 1: Create your Wikipedia account here or log into Wikipedia if you already have an account. If you have a problem with a blocked IP address, please e-mail us<EMAIL_ADDRESS> * Step 2: While logged in to Wikipedia, register on our Outreach Dashboard for the event here. This gives us an overview of all edits made during this edit-a-thon. You can see who else has registered here in this | List of editors.
 * Step 3 (recommended for best results): Come to the virtual workroom:  https://fb.me/g/3aTi3vIQp/rGKMKM3B to coordinate activities, collaborate with others, and ask questions. Copy and paste the link in your browser and click enter to go to the room. If you have problems with entering, just e-mail us<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Organizers

 * Coordinators:
 * Main coordinator: EMsmile, experienced Wikipedian, located in Brisbane, Australia.
 * SDG experts and activists:
 * Doti Nicolasia in Nairobi, Kenya;
 * Olabideen in Ilorin, Nigeria;
 * Brunapedia in Beirut, Lebanon and
 * RosieTMM2030 in Chicago, United States.
 * Organizer and sponsor: This initiative is organized by Project Everyone in the UK.
 * Meet the team: More information about the team is available in this Google folder.

Prizes
The nine volunteers who have made the most valuable contributions to SDG-related topics in the English Wikipedia during the edit-a-thon will receive a cash prize at the end of the edit-a-thon of 100 Eur each. The prize recipients will be announced at the end of the edit-a-thon. The organizers will determine who the volunteers with the most valuable contributions were based on quality and quantity of their editing contributions. To make this judgement, the editors will carefully review the volunteers' contributions as per the data collected in the event's dashboard here.

In order to encourage more female participation, at least four of the cash awards will be awarded to a female participant.

You can only be eligible for the prize money if you are editing while logged into Wikipedia and if you have registered for the event's dashboard - see above under registration. This means anonymous edits cannot be counted and neither can edits be counted of someone who did not register for the dashboard. Double check that you are registered by taking a look at the list of editors here. If you have any doubts, just e-mail the organizers at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
FAQs
We have created a list of Frequently Asked Questions about this event and it's available in this Google drive folder.

Promotion of female editors
We particularly encourage women to participate as editors in this event. Why? We want to help reduce the gender gap on Wikipedia. This refers to the fact that Wikipedia contributors are mostly male, the fact that relatively few biographies on Wikipedia are about women, and the concept that topics of interest to women are less well-covered. The estimated portion of women editors has fluctuated from a low of 9% to a high of 20% since the founding of Wikipedia.

Who can volunteer
Anyone can take part in this event provided you have a reliable internet connection, an interest in the SDGs, good knowledge of the English language and a desire to improve Wikipedia content.

What you can do
You can:
 * Improve the 17 SDG Wikipedia articles as well as other SDG-related Wikipedia articles - see list below. Some (few) new articles will also need to be created.
 * Help with conceptualizing the work that needs to be done for SDG content on Wikipedia, including pointing us to relevant references. Use the talk page at the top left for this purpose.

You can also help with advertising the event on social media (see hashtags and example tweets above)
 * Hashtags: Primary hashtag: #WikiLovesSDGs Secondary hashtags you can use: #GlobalGoalsWeek #GlobalGoals #SDGs #Act4SDGs #GetInvolved #Volunteer #UNGA75 #SignUp. Please help us promote this project on twitter or other social media.
 * Shortened URL to this page: https://tinyurl.com/SDGsWikipedia2020
 * Possible tweets to advertise this event (note the volunteer sign up form has now closed):
 * In September (19-26th), I will be working with volunteers from around the world to deliver an exciting online edit-a-thon where we'll create Wikipedia articles for the #GlobalGoals. Join us, #volunteer & be a part of an exciting opportunity! #WikiLovesSDG
 *  #DidYouKnow that there are only a few pages on the #GlobalGoals on Wikipedia and most of them need improving? Come join me on 19-16th September for our online edit-a-thon and be a part of something exciting in September! #WikiLovesSDGs

Help...! I have never edited Wikipedia before!
How to get started:
 * Choose a Wikipedia article that interests you (from the lists below) and click on it to get to know what's already there
 * Ask yourself "what changes do I think this article needs?" See the next section for ideas.
 * Then click on one of the topics, click "edit" and start editing. Only make small changes at first until you get the hang of it.

For people who are new to Wikipedia please see here for explanations on how to do things in Wikipedia: how to edit

If you are new to Wikipedia this is what we recommend you do, in a nutshell:
 * Get a Wikipedia user name (think about real name versus non-real name, see Username policy).
 * Adjust your "Preferences" within Wikipedia - see here how it's done: Finding your way around Wikipedia (for novices).
 * Go to this page and tackle one of the easiest tasks first: Edit-a-thon task list, just click on "edit" in any Wikipedia article.
 * Do not copy & paste chunks of text, but instead write sentences in your own words, with reference to back up what you are saying. Do not add content directly from publications or website that are under copyright (see: Copyrights in Wikipedia). You need to paraphrase that content and cite the source.
 * When writing, use language that is easy to understand for a layperson, especially for a person who does not have English as their first language.
 * View these short "how to" videos here on the tasks page.
 * Browse useful guides to Wikipedia here on the tasks page.

More tips for novice Wikipedians are available here on the tasks page.

What kind of article improvements are we looking for?

Some guiding questions for improving existing articles are given below (the exact methods on how to make these changes is explained here):

 * Does the article need some content about the situation in developing countries and about SDGs?
 * Are hyperlinks (Wiki links) from content articles to the right SDG articles already in place or still need to be added? Example where this was recently added (from "wastewater treatment" to SDG 6), see here.
 * Does the lead need to be improved?
 * If the article is about SDGs, does it already include the maps from SDG Tracker / Our World in Data to show data about the indicators? See SDG 6 as an example.
 * Does the readability need improvement?

Which Wikipedia articles are SDG-related and need work?
The full list of SDG-related Wikipedia articles that require improvement are listed in the sub-page here. The terms were selected by reviewing the targets and indicators of the goals (some of the terms appear for several SDGs), see List of SDG targets and indicators.

The table below only shows a prioritised selection (2-3 articles per SDG). This is just meant to make it easier to decide what to focus on. It does not mean that the other Wikipedia articles are "out of bounds". You can suggest other articles on the "talk page" by clicking on the "talk" tab at the top of this page.

Click on the arrows in the table headers to sort the table by view rates or by alphabetical ordering.

Background
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a collection of 17 interlinked global goals set to be accomplished by 2030. Key to making the SDG process successful is to make the information and data on the 17 goals available and understandable. Wikipedia is one of the world’s most visited websites, receiving more than 18 billion page views per month. It is the world’s most comprehensive encyclopedia and offers access to free knowledge to a huge, diverse audience. There are currently massive gaps in content about the Global Goals on Wikipedia – only some of the goals have their own articles. In addition, hundreds of other Wikipedia articles which could and should be linked to specific Goals are not.

September 2020 is a crucial moment for the Sustainable Development Goals – otherwise known as the Global Goals. World leaders will virtually come together for the General Assembly, it will mark five years since the Global Goals were agreed and the 75th anniversary of the UN. During Global Goals Week (18-26th September), civil society organisations will also come together to advocate for leaders to use the 17 Sustainable Development Goals as a framework to turn it around and build a new and better world for everyone, everywhere.

With COVID-19 halting progress towards reaching these Goals, it is crucial that the Global Goals movement continues to build momentum and drive awareness, action and accountability. This means, where possible, more online events, more virtual community building and better inclusivity.

Purpose and objectives
The overall purpose of this initiative is to spread free knowledge about the 17 SDGs and their key content topics through Wikipedia.

Through this project we plan to:
 * Raise awareness of the Global Goals using the 5th most visited website.
 * Democratise knowledge by providing information on the Goals and the thematic areas they cover to those who would not otherwise have access.
 * Create buzz around the Goals during Global Goals Week and the 5th anniversary of the Global Goals’ agreement.
 * Engage the Global Goals community giving citizens, activists, academics and many others the opportunity to contribute during Global Goals Week and to feel that they have made a meaningful, tangible contribution.

Methods
As part of Global Goals Week (18-26th September), we will hold a virtual week-long edit-a-thon. We’ll bring together volunteers and experts from around the world to create and edit Wikipedia articles on the Global Goals. During this edit-a-thon, participants will:
 * Develop new Wikipedia articles for those Goals that do not have their own article yet and improve the existing SDG articles.
 * Improve other Wikipedia articles that are linked to the SDGs e.g. linking maternal mortality to Goal 3.
 * Insert relevant hyperlinks between a range of different Wikipedia articles on SDG topics to ensure users can learn as much as possible on a given Goal or topic.
 * Add images to the pages to make the pages more communicable


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COSTP World History Project/Project

This is a starter page for our major push to create an open content textbook that meets the California content standards for 10th grade World History.

Go to contents of the California Open Source Textbook Project's K-12 World History Project

California Content Standards

California Open Source Textbook Project (COSTP) COSTP began as a public/private undertaking; it was the first organization created to address the high cost, content range, and consistent shortages of K-12 textbooks in California. The latter goal is currently well on its way to being accomplished. COSTP has evolved over recent years to establish and spread the Open Textbook, Open Educational Resource (OER), Open Courseware, and Open Education memes to K-12 and postsecondary educational institutions, worldwide. Many Open source textbook and courseware projects have started up since COSTP’s inception.

COSTP's aim is to use California State K-12 Standards to develop open-licensed eBooks and printed textbooks that will be approved for adoption by California's State Board of Education for use in California public schools at far less cost than current commercial textbook offerings, thus helping the State of California save money (more than $200M per year) while providing more robust content for its public schools.

In order for open source books to pass peer review (and thus approval for public school adoption) at the California State Board level (this is also true in most other states), textbook content must conform to the written state K-12 education framework standard, or it can be specially submitted to the Governor for approval. This is a sine qua non for adoption; no exceptions are made.

The COSTP World History Project on Wikipedia was used a placeholder pilot that helped to prove the open source concept in the K-12 textbook sector. The COSTP World History Project was successful in helping California education officials understand - even in its current basic beginnings - the value of the open source content approach applied to K-12 textbooks.

Please visit http://www.opensourcetext.org for more.

title: COSTP World History Project/Project


text:
Bourne Shell Scripting/Modularization

If you've ever done any programming in a different environment than the shell, you're probably familiar with the following scenario: you're writing your program, happily typing away at the keyboard, until you notice that

 * you have to repeat some code you typed earlier because your program has to perform exactly the same actions in two different locations; or
 * your program is just too long to understand anymore.

In other words, you've reached the point where it becomes necessary to divide your program up into modules that can be run as separate subprograms and called as often as you like. Working in the Bourne Shell is no different than working in any other language in this respect. Sooner or later you're going to find yourself writing a shell script that's just too long to be practical anymore. And the time will have come to divide your script up into modules.

Named functions
Of course, the easy and obvious way to divide a script into modules is just to create a couple of different shell scripts — just a few separate text files with executable permissions. But using separate files isn't always the most practical solution either. Spreading your script over multiple files can make it hard to maintain. Especially if you end up with shell scripts that aren't really meaningful unless they are called specifically from one other, particular shell script.

Especially for this situation the Bourne Shell includes the concept of a named function: the possibility to associate a name with a command list and execute the command list by using the name as a command. This is what it looks like:

This functionality is available throughout the shell and is useful in several situations. First of all, you can use it to break a long shell script up into multiple modules. But second, you can use it to define your own little macros in your own environment that you don't want to create a full script for. Many modern shells include a built-in command for this called alias, but old-fashioned shells like the original Bourne Shell did not; you can use named functions to accomplish the same result.

Functions with a simple command group
Let's start off simply by creating a function that prints "Hello World!!". And let's call it "hw". This is what it looks like:

Hello world as a named function

We can use exactly the same code in a shell script or in the interactive shell — the example above is from the interactive shell. There are several things to notice about this example. First of all, we didn't need a separate keyword to define a function, just the parentheses did it. To the shell, function definitions are like extended variable definitions. They're part of the environment; you set them just by defining a name and a meaning.

The second thing to note is that, once you're past the parentheses, all the normal rules hold for the command group. In our case we used a command group with braces, so we needed the semicolon after the echo command. The string we want to print contains exclamation points, so we have to quote it (as usual). And we were allowed to break the command group across multiple lines, even in interactive mode, just like normal.

Here's how you use the new function: Calling our function

Functions that execute in a separate process
The definition of a function takes a command group. Any command group. Including the command group with parentheses rather than braces. So if we want, we can define a function that runs as a subprocess in its own environment as well. Here's hello world again, in a subprocess:

Hello world as a named function

It's all on one line this time to keep it short, but the same rules apply as before. And of course the same environment rules apply as well, so any variables defined in the function will not be available anymore once the function ends.

Functions with parameters
If you've done any programming in a different programming language you know that the most useful functions are those that take parameters. In other words, ones that don't always rigidly do the same thing but can be influenced by values passed in when the function is called. So here's an interesting question: can we pass parameters to a function? Can we create a definition like

And then make a call like 'functionWithParams(Hello, World)'? Well, the answer is simple: no. The parenthese are just there as a flag for the shell to let it know that the previous name is the name of a function rather than a variable and there is no room for parameters.

Or actually, it's more a case of the above being the simple answer rather than the answer being simple. You see, when you execute a function you are executing a command. To the shell there's really very little difference between executing a named function and executing 'ls'. It's a command like any other. And it may not be able to have parameters, but like any other command it can certainly have command line arguments. So we may not be able to define a function with parameters like above, but we can certainly do this:

Functions with command-line arguments

And you can use any other variable from the environment as well. Of course, that's a nice trick for when you're calling a function from the command line in the interactive shell. But what about in a shell script? The positional variables for command-line arguments are already taken by the arguments to the shell script, right? Ah, but wait! Each command executed in the shell (no matter how it was executed) has its own set of command-line arguments! So there's no interference and you can use the same mechanism. For example, if we define a script like this:

function.sh: A function in a shell script

Then it executes exactly the way we want:

Executing the function.sh script

Functions in the environment
We've mentioned it before, but let's delve a little deeper into it now: what are functions exactly? We've hinted that they're an alias for a command list or a macro and that they're part of the environment. But what is a function exactly?

A function, as far as the shell is concerned, is just a very verbose variable definition. And that's really all it is: a name (a text string) that is associated with a value (some more text) and can be replaced by that value when the name is used. Just like a shell variable. And we can prove it too: just define a function in the interactive shell, then give the 'set' command (to list all the variable definitions in your current environment). Your function will be in the list.

Because functions are really a special kind of shell variable definition, they behave exactly the same way "normal" variables do:

 * Functions are defined by listing their name, a definition operator and then the value of the function. Functions use a different definition operator though: '' instead of '='. This tells the shell to add some special considerations to the function (like not needing the '$' character when using the function).
 * Functions are part of the environment. That means that when commands are issued from the shell, functions are also copied into the copy of the environment that is given to the issued command.
 * Functions can also be passed to new subprocesses if they are marked for export, using the 'export' command. Some shells will require a special command-line argument to 'export' for functions (bash, for instance, requires you to do an 'export -f' to export functions).
 * You can drop function definitions by using the 'unset' command.

Of course, when you use them functions behave just like commands (they are expanded into a command list, after all). We've already seen that you can use command-line arguments with functions and the positional variables to match. But you can also redirect input and output to and from commands and pipe commands together as well.

title: Bourne Shell Scripting/Modularization