text:
User:Sterling

=Why Modelling is crucial to Computer Science=

The Problem

 * 1) Although software development in the end delivers programs it is not mainly about programming.
 * 2) The critical jobs in software development lie in analysis (i.e. understanding of the customer) and design (i.e. deciding on the software architecture).
 * 3) Analysts and Designers (Architects) mainly work and think in models, e.g. of Use Cases, Component Structures etc.
 * 4) Thus modelling is central to software development (i.e. neither programming nor technical writing is).
 * 5) Modelling is about reducing complexity by focussing on certain aspects of a program, like its components and their interfaces in one view and the states of this system in another diagram.
 * 6) Modelling is done employing modelling languages, like Entity Relationship Diagrams or UML.
 * 7) The single parts of modelling languages are less expressive than a programming language, a component model is mainly a simple relation among its elements far from the expressive power of a type 3-2-1-0 (i.e. programming-)language.
 * 8) This simplification of language is restrictive but useful to decompose the program to it's really important aspects (like the user-view or the overall structure) leaving the details to the implementation.
 * 9) Thus the quality of the model (e.g. the way the program is structured) is central for the further work.
 * 10) So it is important for people in software development (especially for analysts and designers) to learn the trade of modelling, like programmers learn the trade of programming.
 * 11) As well as learning to program is not about learning instructions by heart, learning to model is not about learning all the elements of UML (or any other language).
 * 12) Instead, learning to model is about learning to differenciate good models from bad ones, to build good models efficiently, to form an opinion about a modelling language and to fit or even create a modelling language wrt certain purposes.
 * 13) This requires a good understanding about the concepts behind modelling languages.
 * 14) A well-structured course on modelling should teach the concepts behind modelling languages, starting from their basics in mathematics up to their application in real world languages like UML, SysML etc.
 * 15) Unfortunately there is no homogenous collection of such concepts today and also the coupling from basics to real world is very loose.
 * 16) So the concepts behind modelling still must be developed - not from scratch, since there is a lot that has been done already in different disciplines, but by bringing existing things together and showing their relevance to modelling.

The Approach

 * This course aims on a deep understanding of modelling. If some shallow knowledge is enough for your purposes you'll be happier with some good introduction to UML or similar.
 * Goals:
 * Sort out relevant theory, mainly in mathematics and theoretical computer science (also stating the prerequisites)
 * Systematically(!) link theory to practical issues (i.e. some punctual examples of application are not enough!)
 * By employing mathematical concepts for modelling purposes pure maths becomes applied maths
 * Since Modelling is about very elementary languages the theoretical background can be found mainly among the more simple formal languages, like e.g. relational first order languages or regular languages.

The Syllabus

 * Prerequisites:
 * Propositional Logic
 * Basic Predicate Logic
 * Baseline
 * Philosophy of modelling
 * Definition?
 * The Role of Sets
 * Typical scenario
 * Basic Set Theory
 * Basic operations
 * Modelling with sets
 * Algebraic Descriptions
 * Classification and Formal Concept Analysis
 * Equivalence classes
 * Concept
 * Relationships and Basic Finite Model Theory
 * Relational first order models
 * Characterisation of finite models
 * Describing properties of finite models
 * The useful parts of Graph Theory
 * Important properties of finite relational models
 * Relational patterns
 * tbc ...
 * What this subject is not about (differences and similarities)
 * Theories of Programming (Programming vs. Modelling)
 * ... although the basic idea is very similar
 * but as a software designer your job is modelling not programming
 * but as a software designer your job is modelling not programming

Bits and Bobs
Uniqueness of specification

Language Hierarchy

What Modelling is (about)

title: User:Sterling


text:
Orpha Woods Foster

Orpha Woods Foster (April 22, 1850 - September 17, 1938) was a pioneer and philanthropist of Ventura County, California.

Early life
Orpha Woods Foster was born in Avon, Illinois, on April 22, 1850, the daughter of Ira M. Woods (1792-1851) and Orpha Daggett Woods (1810-1875).

Career

She was active in civic work; she was the chairman on Los Angeles District Board for 5 years; she was president of the Ventura County Federation of Women's Clubs; she was auditor of State Federation for 2 years.

She was instrumental in starting and maintaining Cottage Home for needy children, carried on by Big Sisters League. She gave $100,000 to this home ($1,395,560.69 in 2017). She was vice president of the Big Sisters Hospital League, later Foster Memorial Hospital and then Community Memorial Hospital. She donated the park grounds that was to become the Foster Park and Seaside Park to the County of Ventura. With her husband she donated the land for the City Hall and Public Library to the city of Ventura.

She was board member for the Ventura School for Girl.

She was a member of Ebell Club of Santa Paula, Tuesday Club, Avenue Ladies of Ventura.

Personal life

In the 1870s Orpha Woods Foster moved to Santa Barbara with her mother, her father died the year after she was born. In August 1874 she married Eugene Preston Foster (1848-1932) and had ten children: Orpha W. Foster (1875-1973), Lucy Foster (1877-1877), Grace Foster Percy (1878-1972), Edith Annie Neel Foster Mercer (1881-1974), Ida Foster Baker (b. 1885), Aleck C Foster (1887-1888), Willis E. Foster (1888-1889), Frank. P Foster (1888-1889), Mildred Foster Ranger Allen (1892-1930), Eugene C. Foster (1895-1903).

With her husband she owned a sheep ranch in the Conejo and in 1877. They moved to Ventura, California, in 1877, and lived in Ventura Avenue. The house burned down in August 2010.

She died on September 17, 1938, and is buried at Ivy Lawn Memorial Park, Ventura, California.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Orpha Woods Foster


text:
GCSE ICT

This book will cover the major components of all the courses. It should not be based around any specific board and it is hoped that it will become a resource for those studying ICT at any level. It looks at visible applications of computers in the world around us and covers the topics in context. Anyone of these case studies should be looked at as a resource to help you produce coursework.

You might like to:
 * pick up on a case study which hasn't been started yet;
 * add something to an existing one;
 * add a new one.

If you found something difficult to understand please alter it to help those who follow you or contact some one who can!

This resource will also need a content mapping / index - so that it is possible for teachers and pupils to find example of particular usage.

Revision Guides
/GCP Revision Guide/

Case studies

 * /ICT in Schools/
 * /ICT and Voluntary Organisations/
 * /ICT in Libraries/
 * /ICT and the Police/
 * /ICT at the DVLA/
 * /ICT and Banks/
 * /ICT and Travel/
 * /ICT in Shops/
 * /ICT and Estate Agencies/
 * /ICT in Newspaper Production/
 * /ICT for Weather Forecasting/
 * /ICT and the Health Service/
 * /ICT in Agriculture/
 * /ICT in Manufacturing/
 * /ICT and Local Authorities/
 * /ICT in the Home/

Contributors

 * User:RichardRothwell 2004/03/04

title: GCSE ICT


text:
măng

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬 kamɨŋ.

Noun

 * 1) night

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 ɓaŋ⁶, 🇨🇬.

🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬) is an Austroasiatic loanword.

Noun

 * 1) bamboo shoot

Adjective

 * 1)  very young; juvenile

title: măng


text:
Talk:50-Miler Award

Date created
I can't find a reference for when the award was created. Anyone know? Johntex\talk 03:23, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Patch
Yes, the yellow patch is obsolete, but I love it and despise the new one, which I find totally ugly. So, let's stick with the yellow one-;) Rlevse 11:01, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I just noted that the new BSA requirements pages are using the old patch. --Gadget850 ( Ed) 16:39, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

Name
As an award, it should be in caps. Although gramatically correct, there is no hyphen. --Gadget850 ( Ed) 00:38, 3 April 2006 (UTC) I stand corrected per the LoS .--Gadget850 ( Ed) 00:41, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Other notes
The award may also be earned by cycling and horseback. The new patch shows this by inclusion of a bicycle wheel and horseshoe. Also, not sure the reason for the repetition about 'provisional units'. ALL scouts are members of chartered units. Provisional units are meaningless in regards to this award. --Emb021 19:33, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Re-write / improvements
I just did a re-write to make this more concise. There really is not much more to add on the requirements. Some suggested improvements:

 * A new section on the impact of the 50-Miler on Scouts
 * Opinions on the new patch; this must have references
 * History- when this was created
 * The 50-Miler is in the 6th edition of the Boy Scout Handbook (1962) but not the 5th (1955).

--Gadget850 ( Ed) 13:30, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:50-Miler Award


text:
Cookbook:Frog's Legs à la Parisienne

| Cuisine of France | Meat

Onion cream sauce

 * 2 tbsp butter
 * 2 tbsp all-purpose flour
 * 1 ½ cup light cream
 * ½ tsp salt
 * 2 tbsp minced onion
 * 1 tbsp minced parsley
 * 1 egg, well-beaten

Cooking

 * 16 large frog legs
 * Boiling water
 * Juice of ½ lemon
 * 1 pinch each of salt and pepper
 * 2 eggs, well-beaten
 * Fine dry bread crumbs
 * Fat, for deep frying

Onion cream sauce

 * 1) Melt the butter in a saucepan over medium heat.
 * 2) Stir flour into melted butter. Cook for a few minutes, stirring, until the mixture loses its floury taste. Do not let the mixture brown.
 * 3) Gradually stir the cream into the flour mixture, taking care to prevent lumps. Cook, stirring, until mixture has thickened.
 * 4) Mix in the salt, onion, and parsley.
 * 5) Temper the beaten egg with some of the sauce, taking care not to curdle the egg. Stir this mixture back into the sauce.
 * 6) Remove from heat and let cool slightly.

Cooking

 * 1) Blanch frog legs in boiling water with lemon juice and salt and pepper.
 * 2) Drain legs and pat dry.
 * 3) Dip legs into eggs and roll in bread crumbs. Deep fry at 370°F (190°C) for 2 to 3 minutes until legs are tender (check the temperature of the fat with a thermometer).
 * 4) Serve with onion cream sauce.

Livre de cuisine/Cuisses de grenouilles à l'ail et au persil

title: Cookbook:Frog's Legs à la Parisienne


text:
Tcl Programming/TCL and ADP

Tcl and ADP Reference

This is a reference for using Tcl with ADP pages, for people setting up a site with the ArsDigita Community System (see OpenACS for details). The first half is just a Tcl overview; the second half deals with .adp pages, custom tags, and AOLServer resources and parameters.

Basic Tcl Language Features
 ; or newline statement separator \ statement continuation if last character in line # comment out rest of line (if 1st non−whitespace char) var simple variable var(index) associative array variable var(i,j) multidimensional associative array variable $var variable substitution (also ${var}xyz) [expr 1+2] command substitution \char backslash substitution "hello $a" quoting with substitution {hello $a} quoting with no subst (deferred substitution)  ''The only datatype in Tcl is a string. Some commands interpret arguments as numbers/booleans; those formats are:'''  Integer: 12 0xff(hex) 0377(octal) Floating Pt: 2.1 3. 6e4 7.91e+16 Boolean: true false 0 1 yes no

Backslash Substitutions
 \a audible alert (0x7) \b backspace (0x8) \f form feed (0xC) \n newline (0xA) \r carriage return (0xD) \t horizontal tab (0x9) \v vertical tab (0xB) \space space \newline space \ddd octal value (d=0−7) \xdd hex value (d=0−9,a−f) \c replace ’\c’ with ’c’ \\ backslash

Operators and Math Functions
The expr command recognizes these operators, in decreasing order of precedence: − ~ ! unary minus, bitwise NOT, logical NOT + − add, subtract << >> bitwise shift left, bitwise shift right < > <= >= boolean comparisons == != boolean equals, not equals & bitwise AND ^ bitwise exclusive OR && logical AND x ? y : z if x != 0, then y, else z ''All operators support integers. All support floating point except : ~, %, <<, >>, %, ^, and |. Boolean operators can also be used for string operands, in which case string comparison will be used. This occurs if any of the operands are not valid numbers. The following operators have "lazy evaluation" as in C: &&, ||, ?: The expr command recognizes the following math functions:'' abs hypot int double floor ceil fmod round cos sin tan acos asin atan atan2 cosh sinh tanh log log10 exp pow sqrt
 * / % multiply, divide, remainder
 * bitwise inclusive OR
 * logical OR

Regular Expressions
regex | regex match either expression regex* match zero or more of regex regex+ match one or more of regex regex? Match zero or one of regex . any single character except newline ^ match beginning of string $ match end of string \c match character c c match character c [abc] match set of characters [^abc] match characters not in set [a−z] match range of characters [^a−z] match characters not in range group expressions

Pattern Globbing
? match any single character [abc] match set of characters [a−z] match range of characters \c match character c {a,b,...} match any of string a, b, etc. ~ home directory (for glob command) ~user match user’s home directory (for glob command) Note: for the glob command, a "." at the beginning of a file’s name or just after "/" must be matched explicitly and all "/" characters must be matched explicitly.
 * match zero or more characters

Control Flow
break Abort innermost containing loop command case Obsolete, see switch continue Skip to next iteration of innermost containing loop. exit[returnCode] Terminate the process, return returnCode (an integer which defaults to 0) to the system as the exit status. for start test next body Looping command where start, next, and body are Tcl command strings and test is an expression string to be passed to expr command. foreach varname list body The Tcl command string body is evaluated for each item in the string list where the variable varname is set to the item’s value. if expr1 [then] body1 [elseif expr2 [then] body2...] [[else] bodyN] If expression string expr1 evaluates true, Tcl command string body1 is evaluated. Otherwise if expr2 is true, body2 is evaluated, and so on. If none of the expressions evaluate to true, then bodyN is executed. return [−code code] [−errorinfo info] [−errorcode code] [string] Return immediately from current procedure with string as return value. switch [options] string pattern1 body1 [ pattern2 body2 ...] The string argument is matched against each of the pattern arguments in order. As soon as it finds a pattern that matches string, it evaluates the corresponding Tcl command string body. If no match is found and the last pattern is the keyword default, its command string is evaluated while test body Evaluates the Tcl command string body as long as expression string test evaluates to true.

Lists
Note: list indices start at 0 and the word end may be used to reference the last element in the list. concat [arg arg ...] Returns concatenation of each string join list [joinString] Returns string created by joining all elements of list with joinString. lappend varName [value value ...] Appends each value to the end of the list stored in varName. lindex list index Returns value of element at index in list. linsert list index element [element ...] Returns new list formed by using each arg as an element. llength list Returns number of elements in list. lrange list first last Returns new list from slice of list at indices first through last inclusive. lsearch [mode] list pattern Returns index of first element in list that matches pattern (−1 for no match). Mode may be −exact, −glob(default) or −regexp. lsort [switches] list Returns new list formed by sorting list according to switches. These are: −ascii string comparison (default) −integer integer comparisons −real floating−point comparisons −increasing sort in increasing order (default) −decreasing sort in decreasing order −command cmd Use command which takes two arguments and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero. split string [splitChars] Returns a list formed by splitting string at each character in splitChars.

Strings
append varName [value value ...] Appends each of the given values to the string stored in varName.

format formatString [arg arg ...] Returns a formatted string generated in the ANSI C sprintf manner.

regexp [switches] exp string [matchVar] [subMatchVar ...] Returns 1 if the regular expression exp matches part or all of string, 0 otherwise. If specified, matchVar will be wet to all the characters in the match and the following subMatchVar’s will be set to matched parenthesized subexpressions. The −nocase switch can be specified to ignore case in matching. The −indices switch can be specified so that matchVar and subMatchVar will be set to the start and ending indice3s in string of their corresponding match.

regsub [switches] exp string subSpec varName Replaces the first portion of string that matches the regular expression exp with subSpec and places results in varName. Returns count of number of replacements made. The −nocase switch can be specified to ignore case in matching. The −all switch will cause all matches to be substituted for.

scan string formatString varName [varName ...] Extracts values into given variables using ANSI C sscanf behavior. string compare string1 string2 Return −1, 0, or 1, depending on whether string1 is lexicographically less than, equal to, or greater than string2. string first string1 string2 Return index in string2 of first occurrence of string1 (−1 if not found).

string index string charIndex Returns the charIndex’th character in string.

string last string1 string2 Return index in string2 of last occurrence of string1 (−1 if not found).

string length string Returns number of characters in string.

string match pattern string Returns 1 if glob pattern matches string, 0 otherwise.

string range string first last Returns characters from string at indices first through last inclusive.

string tolower string Returns new string formed by converting all chars in string to lower case.

string toupper string Returns new string formed by converting all chars in string to upper case.

string trim string [chars] Returns new string formed by removing from string any leading or trailing characters present in the set chars.

string trimleft string [chars] Same as string trim for leading characters only.

string trimright string [chars] Same as string trim for trailing characters only.

string wordend string index Returns index of character just after last one in word at index in string.

string wordstart string index Returns index of first character of word at index in string.

subst [−nobackslashes] [−nocommands] [−novariables] string Returns result of backslash, command, and variable substitutions on string. Each may be turned off by switch.

Including TCL code in ADP pages
Inline replacement: <%= tcl code that evaluates to the text you want embedded %>

State changing Code: <% tcl commands to change tcl environment (set vars, do db queries, etc) %>

Example: <tt>Two plus two is <%= [expr 2+2] %></tt>

Defining custom tags
" }

Using AOLServer Parameters
[ad_parameter UsersCanCreateRoomsP chat]

Resourcing tcl in AOLserver
source−file.tcl − to source a particular file. set_the_usual_form_variables ns_eval [list source $file] ns_return 200 text/html ok wget −O − "http://localhost:8000/source− file.tcl?file=/web/server1/tcl/myfile.tcl" ''Note: this does not work for registered tag changes. To cause a reload of everything:'' <% set dir [ns_info tcllib] set list [exec ls $dir] foreach file $list { source $dir/$file ns_puts "sourced: $file "}%>

Using ns_set
When one queries a database, the variable that is set is an ns_set: set db [ns_db gethandle] set sql_query "select first_names, last_name from users where user_id = $user_id" set selection [ns_db 1row $db $sql_query] Getting information out of an ns_set: set first_names [ns_set get $selection "first_names"] set last_name [ns_set get $selection "last_name"] ns_return 200 text/plain "User #$user_id is $first_names $last_name"
 * 1) ask AOLserver to give us a database connection
 * 1) actually send the query to the RDBMS; tell AOLserver we
 * 2) expect exactly one row back

Dealing with Form Variables
Importing form variables into a tcl or adp page <tt>set_the_usual_form_variables</tt> Manipulating Forms Directly: <tt>ns_getform</tt>

Decode
''Do logic w/o breaking out of an ns_write. Just like SQL !'' <tt>[util_decode unknown val1 res1 val2 res2 valN resN defaultresult]</tt>

Dealing With .ini file Parameters
ad_parameter <tt>ad_parameter name { subsection "" } { default "" }</tt> Returns the value of a configuration parameter set in one of the .ini files in /web/yourdomain/parameters. If the parameter doesn’t exist, returns the default specified as the third argument (or empty string if not default is specified). Note that AOLserver reads these files when the server starts up and stores parameters in an in−memory hash table. The plus side of this is that there is no hit to the file system and no need to memoize a call to ad_parameter. The minus side is that you have to restart the server if you want to test a change made to the .ini file. ad_parameter_section <tt>ad_parameter_section { subsection "" }</tt> Returns all the vars in a parameter section as an ns_set. Relies on undocumented AOLserver Tcl API call ns_configsection (analogous C API call is documented). Differs from the API call in that it returns an empty ns_set if the parameter section does not exist.

Converting tcl to adp
inclusion of sub−files ns_adp_include user−new.adp ns_adp_break
 * 1) Source user−new.adp. We would redirect to it, but we don’t want
 * 2) the password exposed!
 * 3) source "[ns_url2file "/register/user−new.tcl"]"
 * 4) return

title: Tcl Programming/TCL and ADP


text:
Mohamad Hammoud (footballer, born 1980)

Mohamad Hassan Hammoud (محمد حسن حمود; born 20 April 1980) is a Lebanese football coach and former player who is the goalkeeper coach of Ahed's youth setup.

Club career
On 28 June 2020, Hammoud joined Bourj on a two-year contract from Ahed. On 7 October 2020, Bourj decided to suspend Hammoud indefinitely from the squad, due to an altercation with the team's goalkeeper coach. Bourj fans criticized Hammoud for seemingly throwing the game in their 3–2 defeat to Ahed.

On 20 April 2022, Hammoud played his only game of the 2021–22 season for Ahed on his 42nd birthday, captaining his side in a 3–0 win against Shabab Sahel.

Managerial career
On 8 July 2021, Hammoud was appointed goalkeeper coach of Ahed's youth setup.

Honours
Ahed
 * AFC Cup: 2019
 * Lebanese Premier League: 2014–15, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2021–22
 * Lebanese FA Cup: 2017–18, 2018–19
 * Lebanese Elite Cup: 2013, 2015
 * Lebanese Super Cup: 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019

Individual
 * Lebanese Premier League Team of the Season: 2009–10, 2010–11, 2013–14, 2014–15
 * Lebanese Premier League Best Goalkeeper: 2006–07

title: Mohamad Hammoud (footballer, born 1980)


text:
Springfield High School (Holland, Ohio)

Springfield High School is a public high school located in Holland, Ohio, United States. It has an enrollment of approximately 1200 students in grades 9-12. The students it serves come from Holland, Sylvania Township, Maumee, Spencer Township, Toledo, and most of Springfield Township.

Early history
The first school house in Springfield Township was a log cabin on the south side of Angola Road between McCord and Clark Street. Land for more schools was deeded to the township. The Eight Square School on Garden Road in 1846; the Red School on Holloway Road in 1847; the Green School on Holland-Sylvania in 1847; Starr School at Crissey in 1848 and Clark Street School in 1847. In 1893 a new three winged school house for grades 1-12 was completed. It was located where our current Holland Elementary now stands on Kittle Road and Madison Street. Leo Jacobs was the first principal.

By 1921 Holland had a centralized school system with nine teachers and 300 students. The library consisted of 261 volumes and a school bus fleet of two and the school budget for 1921 was $15000.

In 1925 a grassroots effort took place to fund a gymnasium. With the help of the Manual Training Boys and several generous citizens, the gymnasium was built for entertainment and sport events. Then, seating capacity was 1,350. It was the largest auditorium in Lucas County. It housed the music department in the 1950s-1970s. From the 1970s through 1980 this building housed the district's Administration offices.

On January 21, 1938, the community held a dedication ceremony for the most modern high school in Lucas County. The estimated cost of the project was $150,000. Touted as "the most modern building in Lucas County", the high school was complete with clocks in all classrooms, the latest in visual education and sound equipment, a cafeteria and cafeteria kitchen, a modern stage, the latest improved typewriters, the most modern and up-to-date heating and ventilating system, a separate library room, individual steel lockers, a girls' rest room, and chair storage. The graduating class for that year numbered 26. This remained the high school until 1968. Since 1968 this building has housed Springfield Middle School. Many additions have also been made to this building, which is now connected to the renovated Holland Elementary School.

Springfield High School
In 1960 Holland Schools became Springfield Schools and changed its high school mascot from the Holland Blue Zippers to the Springfield Blue Devils. When offered the opportunity to select their new mascot, Springfield High School students conducted research, learned of the honor associated with the Chasseurs Alpins regiment from France during World War I (known as "les diables bleus" or "blue devils"), and the Blue Devils from Duke University, and recommended in the early 1950s that the mascot be changed from the Blue Zippers to the Blue Devils. That was also the year that the school colors changed from blue and gold to blue and white. In 1960, students Judy and Mary Frumpkin, along with Connie Sherman, wrote the lyrics to the song "Stand Up And Cheer" song that is still played by the band and sung today. Students started attending the "new" high school in 1968. This building still houses the current high school, but has also enjoyed many renovations and additions since 1968. Springfield High School now has a field house, gymnasium, the Tombaugh Auditorium/theater that seats 800, a media center that holds 13,000 volumes, 68 classrooms and two computer labs.

Voter approval of a "no new tax" bond levy in November 2007 also allowed the district to add classrooms and updated fitness facilities to Springfield High School, an off-street loop for bus transportation at the high school and middle school, and additional parking for Springfield Middle School and Holland Elementary School guests.

Current building
In 1967, SHS moved again to its current location at 1470 S. McCord in Holland. This location sits behind the old building. When the new building first opened it housed only grades 10-12.

In 1974, the building was expanded and welcomed the ninth grade. The building has been expanded two more times, once in 1988 and again in 1993. The 1993 expansion included a new media center, 12 classrooms, a section where the school can be expanded to a second floor, and a new gym called the field house.

In 1984 Springfield High School established Army JROTC. It is the only one in the area and one of only six in the State of Ohio. It is most noted for its outstanding drill team, which has received numerous awards, and attended several national competitions over the past several years.

Blue Devil Band
The Blue Devil Band goes to many different parades and events. The band has marched in several major parades, including the Indianapolis 500 Parade, the Electric Parade in Downtown Disney, and several others. Many students participate in local and national honor bands including the OMEA District I Honor Band, the BGSU Honor Band, and the Ohio State Honor Band.

Athletics
Springfield High School competes in the Northern Lakes League, made up of schools in northwest Ohio. SHS joined the league in 1962.

Notable alumni

 * Rick Upchurch (1970): played wide receiver for Denver Broncos (1975–1983) In 2000, named one of 300 best NFL players of all time.
 * Bryant Koback: played running back for the Minnesota Vikings, Seattle Seahawks and the Philadelphia Eagles
 * Eric Page: played wide receiver for the Denver Broncos and Tampa Bay Buccaneers

title: Springfield High School (Holland, Ohio)


text:
Talk:DeShaun Foster

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot (talk) 18:41, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

Place of birth?
On the article it says he was born Tustin, California. On the infobox, it says he was born Charlotte, North Carolina. Was it that he was born in Charlotte but moved to Tustin at a young age? If so, the article needs updating. CanO27sprite (talk) 01:06, 1 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:DeShaun Foster


text:
Xixi River (Xiamen)

Xixi is a river in Tong'an District of Xiamen City, in Fujian Province of China. Said to be "Xiamen's largest river", it is 34 km long and has a drainage basin of 494 km2.

The Xixi starts in the Zhaijianwei Mountains (寨尖尾山 Zhàijiānwěishān) in the northwestern part of Tong'an District, and flows in the general south-eastern direction. After receiving a number of tributaries - Lianhuaxi (莲花溪, Lotus Stream), Aoxi (澳溪), Dingxi (汀溪), it merges with the Dongxi (东溪, Eastern Stream) at the place called Shuangxikou (双溪口, "The confluence of two streams), near Tong'an District's central urban area. It then continues to the south, forming an estuary as it discharges into Dongzui Harbour (东咀港), which is a bay of Taiwan Strait mostly enclosed by Tong'an District and Xiang'an District on the mainland and the Xiamen Island.

title: Xixi River (Xiamen)


text:
Talk:Guaibasaurus

Classification of Guaibasaurus
Guaibasaurus is actually the most basal theropod, thereby being the ancestor of the Neotheropoda.

Its actually a basal sauropodomorph. Magnatyrannus (talk) 04:08, 8 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree, it is a basal sauropodomorph based on the most recent papers. The only ones still recovering it as a basal theropod are the ones using old matrices and scores. The same occurs with Herrerasaurus, Eoraptor and so on. It seems that almost every basal dinosaur was initially thought to be a theropod, it's funny. --Maurissauro (talk) 04:59, 8 January 2022 (UTC)

Merge proposal
Given that Saturnaliidae is now considered a separate family, and that no other taxa definitively belong to this clade, I'm making a merge proposal that involves Guaibasauridae being redirected to Guaibasaurus, due to it being possibly monotypic. Magnatyrannus (talk | contribs) 21:49, 14 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Maurissauro (talk) 13:44, 17 October 2022 (UTC)
 * After 3 months with no opposing comments, I think it's safe to merge the articles. Joyous! | Talk 11:33, 7 February 2023 (UTC)
 * You can do the merging; I am currently on my phone, meaning that I can’t do it in one edit. --Magnatyrannus (talk | contribs) 13:09, 7 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Actually rethinking it, maybe it's better to just update the Guaibasauridae page and leave it separate for now. Since we are recovering Guaibasaurus next to Unaysaurus and Macrocollum, Unaysauridae could be synonym of Guaibasauridae, and therefore the latter would not be monotypic. Maurissauro (talk) 13:24, 7 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Closing; withdrawn by proposer (Maurissauro), without opposition. Klbrain (talk) 11:51, 29 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Guaibasaurus


text:
Electronics/Expanded Edition DC circuits

< ../Expanded Edition/

Resistance
Ohm's law, resistivity and conductivity

Capacitance
Some formulae for capacitance of different shapes, dependence on dielectric constant, units

Batteries
Behaviour in circuits

Solving circuits
Kirchoff's laws, Thévenin's theorem

Hall effect, Piezoelectricity, etc
Voltages induced by magnetic fields, stress, temperature difference, etc.


text:
Introduction to Psychology/Child and Adolescent Psychology/Childhood and the Law

Children's rights have only attracted attention relatively late in human history; the first awareness came in the 19th century in regard to child labor. The United Nations adopted a convention about The Rights of the Child in 1989 (significantly, before and since, the only convention to be adopted universally), which has encouraged lawyers and others interested in children's rights to contribute to the debate and give their knowledge and interest.


text:
Inchkha

Inchkha (Инчха; ИчӀкӀаб) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kazbekovsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 2,077 in 2010. There are 18 streets.

Geography
Inchkha is located 14 km southwest of Dylym (the district's administrative centre) by road. Khubar and Miatli are the nearest rural localities.

Nationalities
Avars live there.

title: Inchkha


text:
Talk:David Vine

David Vine's Death
I've changed his date of death from 12th Jan to 11th Jan. Although it was reported today(the 12th), the BBC website says he died on Sunday night (ie 11th Jan) —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)

 * I have updated January 11 and January 12 accordingly. – ukexpat (talk) 15:49, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

Year of birth
His year of birth is 1935. He would have been 1 in 1936. DinosaursLoveExistence (talk) 16:54, 12 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Err, no. He had his 73rd birthday last week. He was born in January 1936. -- Arwel Parry (talk) 17:38, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

In 1936 he would have been 1. This was because he was born in 1935DinosaursLoveExistence (talk) 18:20, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Do you have a source for this? The Parting Glass (talk) 18:36, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

 * His BBC tribute page says 1936 - you'd think they'd know!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 18:50, 12 January 2009

Year of birth (redux)
Both the Telegraph and the Guardian are saying Vine was 74 when he died, which points to a 1935 birth year. The Independent claims he was born in 1935 (while claiming he was 73 when he died). The Times claims he was born in 1936, as does the BBC.

Can anyone make any sense of this? The Parting Glass (talk) 13:12, 14 January 2009 (UTC)
 * His entry in the official birth index comes under the March quarter 1935 as follows -
 * VINE - David M; Mother's Maiden Name - Milton; Registration District - Newton A.; Register Ref. - Volume 5b, Page No.153
 * This seems to confirm that he was born in 1935 not 1936. Praia (talk) 13:28, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Right, I've gone ahead and changed it. I've never cited a birth register before now, so borrowed the style from George Southall. If anyone wants to reformat it, please do. The Parting Glass (talk) 13:53, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

 * The BBC tribute just said 1936 again. Ian Cheese (talk) 21:50, 18 January 2009 (UTC)

Cause of Death
Very odd to record this here, I think. Everyone dies of something and it's not an important detail of their life. I've removed it. --OhNoPeedyPeebles (talk) 11:43, 21 December 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:David Vine


text:
Wikiversity:Getting involved

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title: Wikiversity:Getting involved


text:
Talk:Traffic circle

first in the US
First traffic circle in the US: "Mass. drives to remove rotaries" and Columbus Circle - --Costoa 23:42, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

merge
Maybe not necessarily merge them-but keep a link at the top for 'see also 'traffic cirlce' Mcode 15 June 2006

Canberra
you cant realy say that canberra has traffic circles per-say, because looking at vernon circle from above, you can see that is is closer to being connected chicanes. also, there is the fact that most of the roads in canberra are designed in a way that you can circle around. I also believe that there are probably much more well known traffic circles. --Alphamone 05:20, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Oldest Circle?
I'm not exactly sure the listing for oldest circle is entirely acurate. There are plenty of older traffic circles around. Among others, Pierre L'Enfant's original street plan for Washington, D.C. has several circles designed and built in the 1800's  —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:46, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Indeed. The circle in Tallmadge, Ohio was apparently built in 1807, "modeled after New England designs of the time period" according to this source found at the above-linked article: History of Tallmadge, Ohio  -- JeffBillman (talk) 17:13, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

Restrict definition of "traffic circle"?
Some people consider that all roundabouts are traffic circles, but not all traffic circles are roundabouts. Maybe some people do informally use the term "traffic circle" for modern roundabouts in the US, but the term isn't used like that in any official publication that I can find. I believe that the term "traffic circle" is not officially used for modern roundabouts because "traffic circles" have such a bad reputation. So... I've deleted this sentence from the intro: "In some traffic circles, entering roads are controlled by stop signs or traffic signals. In other cases, traffic enters the circulatory roadway by merging, sometimes at relatively high speeds." Anyway, the subsequent sentence covers the same territory better sice the term "traditionally" does not mean "always": "Traditionally, traffic entering a circle has the right-of-way, although some circles give right-of-way to the primary roads."--Farry 13:30, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Sort-of reply here: Talk:Roundabout. — DragonHawk (talk|hist) 03:17, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

Merge material
Rotary is being merged here; for the time being I will drop some of that content here:

MakeBelieveMonster (talk) 04:06, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Merged back into the article. -- Beland (talk) 18:49, 10 July 2010 (UTC)

Urban traffic circles versus highway traffic circles
Currently, there are two types of traffic circle included in this article, but the opening paragraph only defines one of them. It mentions large diameters (over 100m) and small deflections, so that a high driving speed (over 50 kph) can be maintained. But the first picture (Columbus Circle) and at least the first five examples given later on are of a very different type of circle, still with a large diameter, but within a dense urban setting and with 90 degree deflections, requiring entering traffic to come nearly to a stop before entering the circle. For this reason, and also with traffic lights at many of these urban circles, it is too sweeping a statement to say that traffic in a circle usually has to yield to traffic entering. I replaced that statement with a more nuanced one, but I realize that it is still lacking. I think the opening paragraph needs to state more clearly the two types of circles counted in this article (neither of them being roundabouts) and then state in some manner that rules of right-of-way vary between and within the two types. Any suggestions? --Ken Gallager (talk) 12:47, 25 August 2010 (UTC)

Merge with roundabout
What is the point of separating them? I'd pick Roundabout as the article title. Lfstevens (talk) 02:24, 13 December 2011 (UTC)
 * There is no clear difference between a roundabout and this term 'traffic circle' which I have never encountered in the UK --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:45, 17 October 2012 (UTC)
 * On the contrary there are clear differences between traffic circles, roundabouts and rotaries although the definitions of each do vary depending on jurisdiction. Check out the new references I added in my recent edit. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:32, 14 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Merging is very controversial. See Talk:Rotary (intersection). --Iloilo Wanderer (talk) 01:56, 12 August 2014 (UTC)
 * However, I am in favor of the merge. I think the only major difference between the word "roundabout" and "traffic circle" is preference.LakeKayak (talk) 19:19, 6 January 2017 (UTC)

Mention the worlds largest {{pagename}}
Mention the worlds largest, preferably in its own section. If there is no undisputed one, mention that fact instead. Jidanni (talk) 12:45, 16 November 2012 (UTC)

 * I think it's Copeland Circle in Revere, Mass. 6/10 of a mile in circumference.  https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ll=42.430089,-71.017814&spn=0.003338,0.006968&sll=42.430695,-71.015625&sspn=0.006676,0.013937&oq=240+beach+st&t=h&mra=mr&z=18 Bellczar (talk) 05:00, 28 November 2013 (UTC)

(Rotary intersection) Merge
From what I understand on this subject, a Rotary is just another name for a traffic circle and roundabout. It does not make any sense to have this article, as it is a duplicate. 117Avenue (talk) 03:44, 6 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Undecided Per the references, there are subtitle yet important differences. However, in common usage, the terms are so intermingled that one long article may make more sense. CSZero (talk) 07:34, 6 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Recommend Strongly Against It's true that in common usage, the terms are used somewhat interchangably, particularly depending on the region. However, the operations are fundamentally different between the three types.  The only commonality is that there is a circular central island.  I agree the three articles could use some streamlining and cleanup.  However, roundabouts, traffic circles, and rotaries are definitely not the same thing, and this article is definitely not a duplicate.Bigfitz79 (talk) 18:46, 17 August 2009 (UTC)
 * If you know the difference between a rotary, traffic circle, and roundabout, could you please edit these three articles to give better clarification on what they are, and how they differ. Thanks 117Avenue (talk) 23:29, 17 August 2009 (UTC)
 * There is already a section within each of these three articles that explains the differences from the other two types. There is always room for improvement with any article, but what about these explanations did you find confusing or unsatisfactory?  The wording of your first post on this thread suggests that you had not yet read any of them.Bigfitz79 (talk) 23:03, 19 August 2009 (UTC)
 * The article Roundabout interchange continues to confuse these terms and either needs to be clarified or is proof that these should all be the same article on "circular interchanges." CSZero (talk) 14:41, 20 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Ahhhh... I had never seen the roundabout interchange article. You are correct, it could use quite a bit of cleanup and correction.  I'll try to tackle that one in the next week or so.Bigfitz79 (talk) 13:52, 21 August 2009 (UTC)
 * An interchange is different than an intersection, in that it has grade separation. I have a problem with the three different types of circular intersections. However, if you are going to work on the roundabout interchange article, I suggest that it be clear a dumbbell interchange is more like a diamond interchange, not a roundabout interchange. 117Avenue (talk) 00:28, 22 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Agreed and done. Also modified diamond interchange article to better incorporate dumbell interchanges.  There is no "rotary interchange" article, so I moved the examples that were rotary interchanges to the rotary intersection article.  I'd like to do some more work on this article, but does this address the concerns/questions you had?Bigfitz79 (talk) 03:24, 24 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Support merge - They are merely different names for the same thing. Any minor differences can be explained in subsections of the main article. EuroSong talk 18:13, 4 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Merge Rotary (intersection) with Traffic circle; keep Roundabout separate. The fundamental distinction is whether the right of way is given to traffic in the circle or traffic entering the circle.  For roundabouts, the entering traffic must yield; for a rotary/traffic circle the traffic in the circle yields.  (Source:  pg 5.  There are also numerous examples of "traffic circle" and "rotary" being used interchangeably.)  This is a common source of confusion that these articles don't explain well.  MakeBelieveMonster (talk) 20:23, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Also, I am noticing a good deal of material that incorrectly uses the term "rotary" for intersection where entering traffic has a yield sign. I still think we should use the correct engineering terminology, but the distinctions need to be heavily emphasized.  MakeBelieveMonster (talk) 21:08, 17 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Hearing no objections, I'm executing the merge. The article was enormously inaccurate, and the only source even using the term "rotary" was the Massachusetts Driver's Manual.  (Even it acknowledged the more common term "circle.")  R.I.P. MakeBelieveMonster (talk) 04:14, 21 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks for getting this done, I haven't had the time. 117Avenue (talk) 07:42, 21 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Hold on Sorry, I missed this merge request discussion. Now we have a huge issue.  A rotary, as was described in the Rotary article that no longer exists, now says a traffic circle gives priority to those entering the circle.  Throughout the entire New England area where the term "Rotary" is usually used, this is exactly the opposite of how they work.  You yield to traffic already in the circle.  So, now how do we rectify this?  I agree that the differences between traffic circles and rotaries are often small, and the terms are often interchangable.  But, this has to be cleared up because the "enormously inaccurate" article, now being gone, has left another article enormously inaccurate.  CSZero (talk) 06:19, 22 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Actually, I know what the solution is. We do what the cited source here says (http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/00068.pdf) and just strip out any references to who has the right of way.  We do the same thing for the Roundabout article.  If traffic circles and rotaries are the same thing, then traffic circles, as the citation provided states, can work either way. CSZero (talk) 06:30, 22 February 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, I'm obsessing but I want this to be right. In addition to this article not being correct about yielding to entering vehicls, only the outermost lane being able to exit from a traffic circle is also false.  I can list (and did somewhere in the past) numerous rotaries in the Greater Boston area where two lanes exit.  I drove on one just this weekend:  http://maps.google.com/maps?ie=UTF8&q=alewife+brook+parkway+cambridge+ma&fb=1&gl=us&hq=Alewife+Brook+Parkway&hnear=Alewife+Brook+Parkway&cid=0,0,8262774192789487595&ei=IiaCS8_6LoO3lAeoi9WCBw&ved=0CAcQnwIwAA&ll=42.38835,-71.143263&spn=0.001561,0.002411&t=k&z=19 CSZero (talk) 06:40, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

What you're describing (entering drivers yield to those in the circle) is a roundabout, at least by engineering definitions. The problem, it seems, is that in common language the terms circle/roundabout/rotary get thrown around interchangeably. But (as you said) the right-of-way distinction is really important. I'll try to add something to the article addressing this. MakeBelieveMonster (talk) 02:20, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Well, it's already there in the end of the lead... MakeBelieveMonster (talk) 02:42, 23 February 2010 (UTC)
 * But it still isn't that simple. If it was, the section on why roundabouts are superior to traffic circles no longer holds water, because we are talking about roundabouts of a much larger size, and the articles state that speed and deflection is the issue.  Per your own US government citation (the entire paper is here: http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/00-067.pdf) [emphasis mine]:

 * Rotaries are old-style circular intersections common to the United States prior to the 1960’s. Rotaries are characterized by a large diameter, often in excess of 100 m (300 ft). This large diameter typically results in travel speeds within the circulatory roadway that exceed 50 km/h (30 mph). They typically provide little or no horizontal deflection of the paths of through traffic and may even operate according to the traditional “yield-to-the-right” rule, i.e., circulating traffic yields to entering traffic.

 * Section 1.5 continues:

 * Some traffic circles require circulating traffic to yield to entering traffic.

 * and the glossary:

 * rotary—a term used particularly in the Eastern U.S. to describe an older-style circular intersection that does not have one or more of the characteristics of a roundabout. They often have large diameters, often in excess of 100 m (300 ft), allowing high travel speeds on the circulatory roadway. Also known as a traffic circle.
 * roundabout—a circular intersection with yield control of all entering traffic, channelized approaches, counter-clockwise circulation, and appropriate geometric curvature to ensure that travel speeds on the circulatory roadway are typically less than 50 km/h (30 mph).

 * So yes, you are correct on the merge, but the citation does not support the claims that traffic circles cannot have yield signs for entering traffic, or that there can only be one lane exiting.

 * Per this definition, from a reliable source, a roundabout is ONLY an intersection that meets these criteria:
 * Yield control for all entrances
 * Channelized approaches
 * Counter-clockwise circulation
 * Appropriate curvature, keeping speed below 30 MPH.

 * Let's go back to the areal photo I put in earlier: http://maps.google.com/maps?ie=UTF8&q=alewife+brook+parkway+cambridge+ma&fb=1&gl=us&hq=Alewife+Brook+Parkway&hnear=Alewife+Brook+Parkway&cid=0,0,8262774192789487595&ei=IiaCS8_6LoO3lAeoi9WCBw&ved=0CAcQnwIwAA&ll=42.38835,-71.143263&spn=0.001561,0.002411&t=k&z=19

 * Yield control for all entrances? Yes
 * Channelized approaches? Yes
 * Counter-clockwise circulation? Yes
 * Appropriate curvature, keeping speed below 30MPH? Well, the intersection is barely 100 feet wide, well below the mentioned "often above 300 feet in diameter" traffic circle description.  But - there is almost zero deflection around the circle the way the ramps enter and exit (plus the circle's diameter is not so steep as to force you to drive slowly), so this one is a No, making this a Rotary or Traffic Circle.  It's close to a roundabout though it seems.

 * Another that was put in recently:
 * http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=main+street+and+daniel+wester+highway,+nashua+nh&sll=42.738975,-71.458216&sspn=0.006209,0.009645&gl=us&ie=UTF8&hq=main+street+and+daniel+wester+highway,&hnear=Nashua,+NH&ll=42.738855,-71.45823&spn=0.001511,0.002411&t=k&z=19

 * Barely 50 feet wide, has raised pavement to accommodate large trucks. Better deflection, slower speeds.  Roundabout.

 * Last one:

 * http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=Roosevelt+circle,+medford,+ma&sll=42.738855,-71.45823&sspn=0.001511,0.002411&gl=us&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Roosevelt+Rd,+Medford,+Middlesex,+Massachusetts+02155&ll=42.429143,-71.103119&spn=0.00312,0.004823&t=k&z=18

 * Here is your classic monster death-rotary. 300 feet across (oblong), zero deflection - not a roundabout, therefore a rotary/traffic circle.  Multiple lanes on, multiple lanes off.  Traffic entering yields to traffic in the circle.

 * My suggestion is that we remove these claims about entry/exit requirements and stick to the citation's claims about it being all about speed differentials and geometry.

 * Thanks for reading all that! CSZero (talk) 04:30, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Okay, I added some of this detail to the article. The description of yield rules was also modified with "typically."  Feel free to add more detail to the article if you think it's needed.

 * I should add that while I think Roundabouts: An Informational Guide is a great source, its definition of traffic circles as "circular intersections that aren't roundabouts" isn't very useful. (The report is mainly dismissing them, and rightfully so.)  But I haven't seen any sources that actually focus on describing rotaries / circles themselves.  MakeBelieveMonster (talk) 06:25, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

 * OK, I made a series of changes to both Traffic Circle and Roundabout. I'm happy now.  What do you think? CSZero (talk) 15:36, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Looks good! MakeBelieveMonster (talk) 23:49, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

(Rotary intersection)"unpopular"
Given that there is no discussion of what it means for a rotary to be "unpopular," and given the NPOV policy, I will remove the discussion of the "unpopularity" of rotaries unless someone can produce some statistics from opinion research. (My own impression is that, like driving on the highway, people dislike rotaries when they first learn to drive and later adore them.) <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:18, 9 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure what research can be found (and you are correct to be looking for it) but rotaries being converted to different styles of interchanges are certainly commonplace today, and I believe there is a PDF attached to this article from a state civil engineering board that bashes them. It should probably say "unpopular with planners" either way.  Thanks, CSZero (talk) 21:56, 9 July 2009 (UTC)
 * CSZERO - the linked study is only an evaluation of the benefit of "modern roundabouts" (i.e., that angle traffic to slow it down). Little about rotaries, doesn't even include the word "unpopular". I take it you approve, although it may be that some professional association of engineers or urban planners has a stance, maybe we could put that instead. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:05, 10 July 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Traffic circle


text:
be-

Etymology
From, , from , from , from , ultimately from. See.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. More at.

Prefix

 * 1)  By, near, next to, around, close to.
 * 2)  Around; about.
 * 3)  About, regarding, concerning, over.
 * 4)  On, upon, at, to, in contact with something.
 * 5)  Off, away, over, across
 * 6)  As an intensifier; i.e. thoroughly, excessively; completely; utterly.
 * 7)  All around; about; abundantly; all over.
 * 1)  Off, away, over, across
 * 2)  As an intensifier; i.e. thoroughly, excessively; completely; utterly.
 * 3)  All around; about; abundantly; all over.
 * 1)  As an intensifier; i.e. thoroughly, excessively; completely; utterly.
 * 2)  All around; about; abundantly; all over.
 * 1)  All around; about; abundantly; all over.

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Usage notes
Not separable. When forming past participles, those generally aren't prepended with the prefix.

Etymology
From, from.

Prefix

 * 1) Forms adjectives from nouns, with the sense "having noun".
 * ' ("hair") → ' ("hairy")
 * ' ("heart") → ' ("hearty, brave")
 * 1) Forms verbs from adjectives, with the sense "making" (adjective); -ify.
 * ' ("pregnant") → ' ("impregnate")
 * ' ("calm") → ' ("calm, soothe")
 * 1) Prepends to verbs, having no effect save making the verb transitive
 * ' → ' ("doubt")
 * ' → ' ("fight")

Usage notes
Verbs formed with be- are transitive. Many such words are formed after words.

Etymology
From, , from , , from , from , ultimately from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Usage notes

 * Verbs with this prefix very often take an object in the accusative case.
 * The prefix can be used to convert an intransitive verb into a transitive verb, examples:

Prefix

 * 1)  in

Etymology
From, , from , , from.

Usage notes

 * The verb with this prefix takes very often a direct object (i.e., an object in the accusative case).

Etymology
Prefix form of.

Prefix

 * 1) prefix form of : without, -less

Etymology
From and, from , from.

Usage notes

 * Verbs with this prefix very often take objects in the accusative case.

Etymology
From, , from.

Etymology
From, from. Cognate to.

Prefix

 * vallen (to fall) → bevallen (befall, afflict)
 * singen (to sing) → besingen (to sing about something; to sing for the merit of something)
 * bischop besingen – to ordain someone as bishop while chanting
 * 1) Denotes on top, onto, often used to create figurative meanings.
 * sitten (to sit) → besitten (to sit on top of; to own; to climb onto something; to acquire)
 * 1) Denotes next to, very close.
 * bûwen (to build) → bebûwen (to build too close to something else; to besiege)
 * bûwen (to build) → bebûwen (to build too close to something else; to besiege)

Prefix

 * 1) his, her (indicates secondary or alienable possession, in opposition to . See for example, )

Etymology
An unstressed form of, from.

Usage notes

 * This prefix is always unstressed, in both nouns and verbs.
 * The stressed nominal counterpart is.

Prefix

 * 1) same as German, often found in German loanwords, primarily verbs and words based on verbs

Usage notes
In many cases the prefix doesn't change the meaning at all, it only makes word look more German. In the name of conciseness and readability, Swedish linguists in the late 19th century (, later also Erik Wellander) successfully promoted the idea that this prefix should be dropped from such words, for example turned into.

Etymology
, from.

Prefix

 * 1) -less

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) not;

title: be-


text:
Tatul Avoyan

Tatul Avoyan (Թաթուլ Ավոյան; born August 20, 1964), known commonly by his mononym Tatul or Tatoul, is a Yazidi-Armenian rabiz singer.

Biography
Avoyan graduated from the Romanos Melikian Musical College. He is known particularly for his widespread hits "Papik Em Dartsel" (Պապիկ եմ դարձել) performed with Spitakci Hayko (Hayk Ghevondyan) and "Im Axperes" (Իմ ախպերս). Avoyan's father Frounz Avoyan was one of the pioneering artists in the rabiz genre, while his brothers Ashot, Samvel, and Serob are also musicians.

Discography

 * Darnatsel E Ays Ashkhare (1992)
 * Chem Uzum (1995)
 * Yerazner (1996)
 * Siro Yeraz (1997)
 * Tatoul & Hovo (1997)
 * Best of Tatoul (1998)
 * Asdvadz Im (1998)
 * Keghdz Ashkhar (1999)
 * Gaghtni Mna (2000)
 * Tatoul & Hovo "2000" (2001)
 * Tatoul & Hovo "Noritz Menk" (2003)
 * Aysor Yev Mishd (2003)
 * Tatoul & Stars (2004)
 * Tatoul, Anna, Armen, Koji "Live: Vol. 1" (2004)
 * Tatoul, Anna, Armen, Koji "Live: Vol. 2" (2004)
 * Live Concert in Erevan (2004)
 * Tatoul & Vle "Yes U Du" (2007)
 * Tatoul & Hayko "Live" (2007)
 * Live Concert in Greece (2008)
 * Nostalgie: Live Concert (2008)
 * One & Only (2011)
 * Gold Collection (2012)
 * The Legacy Continues [2 CD Set] (Unreleased Album)

Singles

 * Du Es Du (Dj Hye FX Remix) - Single (2021)
 * Imnes (feat. Dj Davo) - Single (2018)
 * Molor Molor (feat. Lusine Grigoryan) - Single (2018)
 * Aman Aman (feat. Dj Davo & Eric Shane) - Single (2017)
 * Che Chem Karogh (feat. Dj Davo) - Single (2017)
 * Heranal (feat. Dj Davo) - Single (2017)
 * Zangum Em (feat. Dj Davo) - Single (2017)
 * Yeraz E Na (feat. Dj Davo) - Single (2016)
 * Jana Jana (feat. Spitakci Hayko & Dj Davo) - Single (2016)
 * Kamar Kamar (feat. Dj Davo) - Single (2016)
 * Na Na Na (feat. Super Sako) - Single (2016)
 * Shnorhavor (feat. Dj Davo) - Single (2015)
 * Im Balik (feat. Spitakci Hayko) - Single (2015)
 * Heranam (feat. Dj Davo) - Single (2013)
 * Imanam Imanam (feat. Lusine Grigoryan) - Single (2013)
 * Dimanam Dimanam (feat. Saqo Haroutyunyan) - Single (2013)
 * Let's Go Back... (feat. Super Sako) - Single (2012)
 * Mi Kich Zhamanak (Live) - Single (2012)
 * Amen Or Em Spasum - Single (2012)
 * Varderi Taguhi Es (feat. Bojak) - Single (2011)
 * Havatam (feat. Super Sako) - Single (2010)
 * Yerazners (feat. Arsen Hayrapetyan) - Single (2009)
 * Pandukht (feat. Seno) - Single (2009)
 * Tsnoghi Srbutyun (feat. Hovik Avetisyan) - Single (2009)
 * Yekav Anush Garune - Single (2002)
 * Anitsum Em Ays Ashkhare (feat. Grisha Aghakhanyan) - Single (2000)
 * Jutak (feat. Afon Masumyan) - Single (1999)

title: Tatul Avoyan


text:
User:Morley/Clarifying the Wikiversity proposal

Moved from w:Talk:Wikiversity

I'm in agreement with Jmabel | Talk 15:51, 18 August 2006 (UTC) — "The article really doesn't give much of a clue what this is. "…free, open learning environment and research community…" is so vague as to be vacuous."

I'd like to open a discussion towards revising and expanding the original Wikiversity proposal. Here's a proposal for how a "free, open learning environment and research community" could be structured and how it could use volunteers to enhance existing tools such as Wikipedia, Wikibooks and much else on the internet.

I note Wikia founder Jimmy Wales has announced a wiki services for universities under a "for profit" banner. In contrast, the following proposals are for a non-profit, volunteer-based Wikiversity. The strength of the Wikipedia is its solid volunteer support in a non-advertising environment. A Wikiversity will flourish in a similar fashion if it catches the attention of body of committed volunteers. The build a core of volunteers requires a framework. That's what this proposal is all about.

In the interests of jump-starting volunteer participation in the Wikiversity I invite comment on the following framework proposals.

Structuring the governance

Fundamental. The Wikiversity run under the auspices of the Wikimedia Foundation (similar to the Wikipedia), that its source of funding be from grants and donations, that its content be licensed similarly to the contents of the Wikipedia, that participation be open to all as volunteers without prior qualification.

That the Wikiversity be self-administered and self-regulating. That it be organized into self-administered "colleges", each of which establishes its own rules, objectives, organization within the overall Wikiversity. (This solves the "forking" issue. When strongly held views become contentious, each side is permitted to fork within the overall structure. It also encourages the flowering of differing styles to learning and research.) That each college be represented on the overall governing body of the Wikiversity. That the Wikiversity itself work by consensus.

The above principles are a starting point. Each of the above needs much more discussion to build a working template to accomplish these stated objectives.

Let me now turn to the workings of a typical Wikiversity college. Again, this is a starting point. Other colleges within the Wikiversity may well want to work differently. Some may wish to argue some of the following should be elevated to apply to all colleges, to the whole of the Wikiversity. For now, I'll leave that open for further discussion.

There are two primary wings to universities, already alluded to in the original Wikiversity proposal — learning and research. Most university research projects have their genesis in teacher/student, teacher/teacher and student/student dialogues. The more such dialogues are fostered, the more the university experience blooms. Therefore because vigorous, focused dialogue is at the core of both learning and research, the balance of this proposal is about fostering and sustaining dialogue in an open environment, and building a committed community of scholars utilizing the internet as their primary means of conducting their learning and research dialogues.

For my proposed college, then, the overarching objective is to foster a continuing community of intense, focused dialogue between those designated as teachers, students and each other.

Is it necessary to identify certain individuals as "teachers"? Yes and no, but mostly yes. Let's define these terms as they might be understood in a Wikiversity.

Teacher — anyone with established knowledge and skills willing pass them on to willing learners. Student — anyone desiring to gain knowledge and skills by using the resources of the Wikiversity. In other words, with or without a teacher.

To nurture a sense of community I'm proposing an "enclosure" to the above. Both teachers and students should be registered users of the Wikiversity and the college of their choice. Anyone can join at any time, no prior qualifications. However, to build and retain a sense of community we need defined borderlines, for instance a mechanism for dropping a student or a teacher (for instance because of non-current participation) with the option of rejoining the community. A benchmark for completion, graduation, thus attaining the status of a post-graduate student and/or of an alumnus. With these broad strokes the community now has a structure, defined lines between inside and outside but easy penetration in both directions. And structure within, presumably with layers of voting rights and privileges, penalties for misbehaviour, a mechanism for appeal to a higher authority, and so forth.

Specifics for each of the above need to be addressed in much further detail, but with the above we have a starting point for discussion.

Essentially what we're discussing here is a structure for volunteer participation, both as a teacher and as a student. Because everyone's time, talents and skills (including students) is being volunteered, easily withdrawn, without remuneration or fee, the care and feeding of volunteers (students and teachers) must be carefully crafted.

Structuring the teaching

Let's now dig deeper, this time into the structuring of courses and the roles of teachers and students. First, another fundamental principle. Anyone at any time should be able to propose a course.

Implicit in proposing a course is a commitment to teach that course, thus defining how someone becomes defined as a teacher. A proposal should include a definition of course objectives, assumption (if any) of prior subject mastery and/or education level, limitation (if any) of class size, duration (open ended or with a fixed date to conclude) and a description of how the conduct of the course will proceed. Video conferencing for class meetings? Skype dialogues with the instructor or teaching assistant? Assignments, essays, reports. How students will be assessed, what's required to have successfully completed the course.

The college in question may choose for ethical or other reasons not to accept the course proposal. Students may protest the behaviour of any teacher or request (demand?) a change in course content. In the style of mediaeval universities, students may well end up appointing who becomes a teacher. However, courses with just one student and one teacher may be acceptable. And team teaching may also be allowable (several teachers performing the same or different roles within a single course).

At first glance this is an intimating list of requirements for launching a course. But break it down. Start with a course outline and seek comments. A team of teachers may arising out of discussions of what should and should not be included, what internet tools are necessary for teaching this specific material, and all the other issues outlined above. The point is to get started and to be specific.

An ideal way to jump start the Wikiversity would be to have input from retired teachers and professionals, to offer up their expertise and get this project underway.

In conclusion

Given the wealth of internet tools now available, there's little doubt a very successful learning experience can be generated at a Wikiversity. The Wikipedia proved the capacity of the wiki software concept, of openness and the power of volunteers. But the Wikiversity is much more complex and has another level of power. It mobilizes many more software and internet tools than just wiki software. It has the potential to build an enduring worldwide, multi-lingual, multi-discipline community. It has the power to reshape lives, all countries, rich and poor, advantaged and disadvantaged.

To be successful the Wikiversity will need a sustained effort by volunteers on two fronts — general governance provisions (fleshing out the above) and establishing initial courses (getting actual learning programs designed and launched). Therefore this is an invitation to draw together volunteers on both fronts for sustained discussion — to begin a university that lives on the internet.

On a personal note, I'm somewhat startled to see how quickly and how easily the above came together. The seeds were watching the Jimmy Wales interview on the Charlie Rose PBS show yesterday on 5 October. I've been an occasional user of the Wikipedia for years and have been vaguely aware there's more to the wiki mix than just the wikipedia. To my mind the Wikipedia has as much potential for making a civilizing impact as the Wikipedia itself.

If you've read this far, then please respond. Start editing the above. Enlarge it, flesh it out, identify its holes and its strengths. Post pointers to this item elsewhere on the Wikipedia, Wikiversity and the internet generally. And come back again and again to sustain the discussion. And let's hear from the originators of the Wikiversity proposal.

Morley Chalmers Toronto, Canada 6 October 2006


text:
Terry Robb

Terry Robb is a Canadian fingerstyle guitarist, composer, arranger and record producer living in the United States. He plays electric and acoustic guitar, and is associated with the American Primitive Guitar genre through his collaboration with steel string guitarist John Fahey. He is a member of the Oregon Music Hall of Fame and Cascade Blues Association Hall of Fame, and was honored with the eponymous "Terry Robb" Muddy Award for Best Acoustic Guitar in 2011. His original compositions draw on the Delta blues, ragtime, folk music, country music and jazz traditions.

Early life and career
Born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Robb moved to the United States with his parents, living briefly in Pittsburgh, Pa., before settling in Portland, Ore., at the age of seven. He was immersed in music and the arts at an early age, and received his first guitar at age eight from an uncle who played swing guitar and was associated with the Lawrence Welk Orchestra. During the blues revival of the 1960s, he was exposed to blues, country, ragtime and early jazz musicians that were being rediscovered, as well as contemporary jazz and blues rock musicians, which led to a lifelong interest in the blues and Americana music. He began performing in bands at age 12, playing dances at local junior high and high schools, and was soon after performing solo sets in coffee houses around Portland. Following his graduation from Parkrose High School in 1974, he studied fine arts and music theory under Czech-American classical composer Tomáš Svoboda at Portland State University before receiving his baccalaureate degree in 1978.

After college, Robb joined multi-instrumentalist "Ramblin' Rex" Jacobosky, an associate of Frank Zappa and Captain Beefheart, touring as a duo throughout the Pacific Northwest. Through Jacobosky, Robb met guitarist Henry Vestine when Canned Heat performed at Murphy's and Me nightclub in Eugene, Ore., during their 1980 tour, where he was invited to join the band on stage and play Alan Wilson's guitar. When Vestine later moved to Oregon, Robb helped him get established in the local music scene, and occasionally joined on guitar during Canned Heat's Pacific Northwest performances. Robb also became acquainted with blues singer and harmonicist Curtis Salgado, who was a member of the Robert Cray Band at that time. When steel string fingerstyle guitarist John Fahey relocated to Salem, Ore., in 1981, a mutual friend gave him Robb's demo recording of "One Way Gal" by blues guitarist William Moore, and the two met backstage after Fahey's performance at Luis' La Bamba in Portland. These relationships proved to have significant influence on Robb's artistic style and guitar techniques, and led to subsequent recording collaborations and enduring friendships.

In 1982, Robb established himself as a solo artist with the release of the Terry Robb Band's debut 45 Psychedelta, followed by the LP Next Window which featured cover art by cartoonist John Callahan. In 1987, Robb's third recording, Nice Try, marked a departure from his electric band format in favor of solo acoustic fingerstyle guitar instrumentals and included guest performances by Fahey and Salgado. On Sensitive Guy, Robb returned to electric band recordings while retaining a comparable number of solo acoustic songs, an electric/acoustic hybrid format he would adopt in subsequent recordings and live performances. In 1990, a collaboration with Ike Willis, formerly of the Frank Zappa Band, led to Robb's fifth release Jelly Behind the Sun, featuring Willis as guest vocalist.

Later career
In 1994, Robb signed a multi-year recording contract with the Portland-based label Burnside Records, where he would release four albums and serve as producer, arranger and guitar accompanist on several recordings for other Burnside Records artists. His second Burnside release, Stop This World, featuring guest artists Maria Muldaur, Eddy Clearwater and Curtis Salgado, topped the Living Blues Radio Chart in 1997. During this time, Robb joined the supergroup Acoustic Guitar Summit with fellow Portland guitarists Mark Hanson, Paul Chasman and Doug Smith, performing throughout the West Coast in concert, TV and radio broadcasts, including "West Coast Live" with Sedge Thomson.

Robb's ongoing collaboration with Salgado, which included a national tour with Buddy Guy in 1995,[2] led to a brief interlude to Lucky Records in 1997 with the release of Hit It 'n Quit It. This was followed by a national tour with the Steve Miller Band and a guest appearance on NBC's "Late Night with Conan O'Brien" where Salgado and Robb performed their original composition "Bitter Tears" and Miller joined on guitar. The following year, Robb was invited to perform with the Oregon Symphony as a guest soloist.

After a decade with Burnside Records, Robb joined the roster of Yellow Dog Records based in Memphis, Tenn., where his album Resting Place was recorded at Sam Phillips Recording Studio under the direction of Roland Janes and released to critical acclaim in 2005.

In the 2012 documentary film "In Search of Blind Joe Death: The Saga of John Fahey," Robb is featured among the friends and colleagues interviewed about Fahey's life and legacy, and he performs "When the Springtime Comes Again" on Fahey's Martin D76, as seen on the cover of The Best of John Fahey 1959-1977.[22]

In 2016, Robb released his debut album with Portland-based record label NiaSounds, Cool on the Bloom. The album prompted Vintage Guitar writer Dan Forte to describe Robb as "...one of the best players, on acoustic and electric, embracing a range of blues styles and then some...", and feature an exclusive video performance of the title track song on its website. In 2019, Robb released Confessin' My Dues, his 15th solo recording and second album with NiaSounds, featuring renowned jazz musicians Gary Hobbs and Dave Captein.

Robb continues to tour as a solo guitarist and singer, performing a concert halls, theaters and festivals across the United States, Canada and Europe, such as the Waterfront Blues Festival in Oregon, Lillehammer Blues Festival in Norway and Vallemagia Blues Festival in Switzerland. As an educator, he has given workshops and master classes in fingerstyle blues guitar and slide guitar for Oregon State University, Portland State University, and Britt Festival in Oregon, Vancouver International Guitar Festival in Canada and Centrum (arts organization) in Washington, among other arts and education institutions.

Record production
Robb's foray into record production came at age 24 with an invitation by John Fahey to produce his forthcoming albums on Varrick Records, a subsidiary of Rounder Records.[4] From 1982 to 1994, Robb served as producer, arranger, and occasional guitar accompanist on eight of Fahey's albums, including Let Go, the album which garnered Fahey a four-star review by Rolling Stone and marked a turning point in his career as he explored new genres such as Brazilian and contemporary pop music. Robb also produced the video recordings of "John Fahey Live in Concert" at The Freight and Salvage, "The Guitar of John Fahey, Vol. 1 and 2", and "Christmas Songs & Holiday Melodies" for Stefan Grossman's Guitar Workshop released in 1996.[4] Robb and Fahey often performed together in concert throughout the West coast, appearing on TV and radio programs, and remained lifelong friends until Fahey's death in 2001.

During his years at Burnside Records, Robb served as the label's house producer for several of its recording artists, such as Alice Stuart, Sheila Wilcoxson and Bill Rhoades. He also became a frequent producer or session guitarist for other Pacific Northwest artists, such as Curtis Salgado, Duffy Bishop and Phil Kellogg.[28]

In 2008, Robb launched the independent label Psychedelta Records with fellow guitarist Adam Scramstad to support the music of his students and other local musicians. Among its releases include the only duet studio recording of the late Portland blues women Linda Hornbuckle and Janice Scroggins, Sista, which Robb produced, and Muddyvishnu, Robb's first electric band album since his 1992 recording of Sensitive Guy.

In 2006, Robb was approached by cartoonist and friend, John Callahan, to produce an album of original compositions. Callahan, a quadriplegic since age 21, had provided the graphic logo for Psychedelta Records and was the subject of the forthcoming documentary film "Touch Me Someplace I Can Feel," which includes footage of the album's recording. Released on Bone Clone Records, Purple Winos in the Rain features Callahan on vocals, harmonica and ukulele, with guest artists Peter Boe on piano and Robb on acoustic and bottleneck guitars, and a cameo appearance by Tom Waits. In 2018, one of the album's duet recordings of Callahan and Robb, "Texas When You Go," was featured in the Hollywood biopic Don't Worry, He Won't Get Far on Foot produced by Amazon Studios.

Style and equipment
Robb is a self-taught fingerpicking guitarist associated with the American Primitive Guitar style, which draws upon diverse musical influences while rooted in the blues. Known primarily as a folk-blues guitarist, he learned to play guitar by listening to blues musicians, such as Charley Patton and Mississippi John Hurt, and has developed a distinctive fingerpicking technique in which he plays the bass line, rhythm chords, and single-note leads simultaneously. In his original compositions and artistic styling, he incorporates influences from other genres, such as jazz, folk music, country music, classical and world music, often utilizing odd time measures, to personalize his music and story telling. An electric and acoustic guitarist, Robb plays Fender, Martin, National, and Weissenborn guitars.[22]

Awards
Terry Robb received the Muddy Award for Best Acoustic Guitar by the Cascade Blues Association for 19 consecutive years, from inception of the award category in 1992 until it was renamed in his honor in 2011. Recipients of the "Terry Robb" Muddy Award for Best Acoustic Guitar include Portland guitarists Mary Flower and Alan Hager.

Robb was inducted into the Cascade Blues Association Hall of Fame in 1998, and to the Oregon Music Hall of Fame in 2009. In 2017 he received the "Paul deLay" Muddy Award for Lifetime Achievement by the Cascade Blues Association.

Solo

 * 1982 Psychedelta (Outside Records)
 * 1986 Next Window (artwork by John Callahan) (Tarula Records, T001)
 * 1987 Nice Try (feat. John Fahey and Curtis Salgado) (Tarula Records, T002)
 * 1990 Jelly Behind the Sun (feat. Ike Willis) (House Records, H1003)
 * 1992 Sensitive Guy (House Records, H1004)
 * 1993 Bethlehem Star (feat. Alan Hager) (OCP, 9879)
 * 1994 Acoustic Blues Trio (Burnside Records, BCD-0019-2)
 * 1996 Stop This World (feat. Maria Muldaur, Eddy Clearwater and Curtis Salgado) (Burnside Records, BCD-0025-2)
 * 2000 Heart Made of Steel (Burnside Records, BCD-0040-2)
 * 2002 When I Play My Blues Guitar (Burnside Records, 0045; Re-released in 2014 by Allegro Corp., BCD 45)
 * 2005 Resting Place (Yellow Dog Records, YDR 1177)
 * 2012 Muddyvishnu (artwork by John Fahey) (Psychedelta Records, PDR 021)
 * 2013 Hymn (OCP, 30110377)
 * 2016 Cool on the Bloom (NiaSounds)
 * 2019 Confessin' My Dues (NiaSounds)

Curtis Salgado & Terry Robb

 * 1997 Hit It 'n Quit It (Lucky Records, LRS-040)

Acoustic Guitar Summit

 * 1998 Acoustic Guitar Summit (Accent on Music, AM-1055)
 * 2000 Summit Meeting (Bay View Music, AM-2055)
 * 2012 O' Christmas Three (Accent on Music, AGS-3355)

Compilations

 * 1987 Rose City Blues Festival (Track 10 "Get Tough") (Po-Town Records, PT001)
 * 1995 The Rounder Christmas Album: Must Be Santa! (Track 16 "The Holly and the Ivy/The Cherry Tree Carol") (Rounder, 3118; 1998 reissue Rounder Select,<PHONE_NUMBER>)
 * 2000 The Cascade Blues Association's Anniversary Hall of Fame Tribute (Track 3 "Cascade Lightnin'") (Cascade Blues, 1)
 * 2001 The Cascade Blues Association Presents: The Acoustic Roots and Blues Heritage Festival (Track 8 "Depot Blues" and Track 13 "Hesitation Blues) (Cascade Blues, 2)
 * 2002 American Roots Songbook (Track 8 "Cookie Dough") (St Clair, 6786)
 * 2002 Portland's Best Blues (Track 10 "Enron Blues") (Raw Records, 402; Re-released in 2003 as Portland's Best Blues Collection, 406)
 * 2003 Lay Down My Old Guitar: A Tribute to John Jackson (Track 6 "Don't Let Your Deal Go Down") (Centrum Recordings, C0103)
 * 2003 Portland's Genuine Blues (Track 1 "Dyin' Blues" and Track 11 "Judge Boushay Blues") (Allegro Blues Records, 7001)
 * 2003 Pickathon Vol. 2 (Track 7 "Sam Webb is Gone / Guitar Rag) (KBOO 90.7 FM)
 * 2003 Pickathon 2002 (Track 4 "Judge Boushay Blues) (Mountain Lab Productions, 7235)
 * 2005 Inspired Explorations of America's Musical Roots (Track 8 "Louise") (Yellow Dog Records)
 * 2006 KMHD Presents Blues in Portland Vol. 1 (Track 7 "Madison Avenue Shuffle")
 * 2006 John Fahey & Friends: Friends of Fahey Tribute (Track 8 "Fahey at Bush Park" and Track 13 "Impressions of Susan") (Slakertone Records, ST 021)
 * 2012 The Revenge of Blind Joe Death: The John Fahey Tribute Album (Track 10 "John Kirby Blues") (Takoma Records, 048)
 * 2012 The Portland Guitar Society Presents: Silver Jubilee (Track 2 "All Night, Morning too" and Track 9 "Tapped Out")
 * 2017 Wild (Tracks 9, 10 and 11: Blues Slide 1, 2 and 3) (NiaSounds)

Sessionography

 * 1982 Christmas Guitar Vol. 1 by John Fahey (credited as co-producer) (Varrick Records, a re-recording of The New Possibility)
 * 1983 Popular Songs of Christmas and New Year's by John Fahey (credited as a primary guitarist) (Varrick Records)
 * 1984 Let Go by John Fahey (credited as record producer and guitar accompanist) (Varrick Records)
 * 1985 Rain Forests, Oceans and Other Themes by John Fahey (credited as record producer and guitar accompanist) (Varrick Records)
 * 1986 Christmas Guitar by John Fahey (credited as record producer) (Varrick Records)
 * 1986 In the Stillness by Patrick Loomis (credited as record producer) (OCP, reissued 1991)
 * 1989 God, Time and Causality by John Fahey (credited as record producer) (Shanachie)
 * 1990 Aquamarine by Ron Steen (credited as record producer) (House Records)
 * 1991 Curtis Salgado and the Stilettos (credited as guest guitarist) (BFE Records)
 * 1992 Old Girlfriends and Other Horrible Memories by John Fahey (credited as co-producer and lead guitar on Track 12 "Twilight Time") (Varrick Records)
 * 1994 The Return of the Repressed: The John Fahey Anthology (credited as guitar accompanist and arranger) (Rhino Records)
 * 1994 The John Fahey Christmas Album (credited as record producer and guitar accompanist) (Burnside Records)
 * 1995 More Than You Can Chew by Curtis Salgado (credited as guest guitarist) (Priority Records)
 * 1997 Backwater Blues by Sheila Wilcoxson (credited as record producer and guest artist on acoustic and bottleneck guitars) (Burnside Records)
 * 1998 Runnin' and Ramblin by Bill Rhoades & Alan Hager (credited as record producer and guest guitarist) (Burnside Records)
 * 1999 Wiggle Outta This by Curtis Salgado (credited as guest guitarist) (Shanachie)
 * 2000 The Cascade Blues Association's Anniversary Hall of Fame Tribute (credited as record producer) (Cascade Blues, 1)
 * 2002 Can't Find No Heaven by Alice Stuart (credited as record producer and guest guitarist) (Burnside Records)
 * 2003 Ooh Wee! by Duffy Bishop (credited as record producer) (Trillium Records)
 * 2006 Purple Winos in the Rain by John Callahan (credited as record producer and guitar accompanist) (Bone Clone Records)
 * 2006 No Sun Around the Blues by Adam Scramstad (credited as record producer)
 * 2009 Sista by Linda Hornbuckle & Janice Scroggins (credited as record producer) (Pyschedelta Records)
 * 2009 Of Ice and Men by Barbara Chamberlin (credited as guest guitarist)
 * 2009 Bon Temps Rouge by The New Iberians (credited as record producer and guest guitarist) (Psychedelta Records)
 * 2011 Rose City Ramble by Lauren Sheehan (credited as guest guitarist)
 * 2014 Boomerang Girl by Barbara Chamberlin (credited as record producer and guitar accompanist)
 * 2016 The Beautiful Lowdown by Curtis Salgado (credited as guest guitarist) (Alligator Records)

title: Terry Robb


text:
Talk:Computer Hardware

鼠 says: there's nothing in here about ribbon cables.....

The assumption that a Computer == IA32 PC is a bit strange. Maybe generalize it a bit? Or else a general description of a Von Neumann computer architecture and then other sections which show how this is implemented in different designs?

Please note also that you can make computers which are radically different from the Von Neumann architecture. Thinking Machines Connection Machine comes to mind. At least point out what you mean with computer in this book.

Duplicating Wikipedia information?
I've checked in a few updates to this book recently but it strikes me that a lot of this information is already in the Wikipedia. Are there any policies on pulling stuff in from Wikipedia? Obviously it's OK licensing-wise but could make maintenance somewhat tricky, since there'll be two copies of the information... Any thoughts / suggestions?

Target audience ?
Are we simply describing what all these components *do*, for the target audience of people who considering buying system A vs. system B and need help decoding the specifications ?

Or are we going to go on and describe how to install/replace these components, for the target audience of people who are considering upgrading their computer, and perhaps building an entire system from scratch ?

-- DavidCary 21:08, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Suggestion
Hi,

I've a suggestion on how to improve this page. I remember my computer hardware course at EPFL 5 years ago. Although the material was a bit old (678k oriented), the general layout was very good, beginning by a very general description speaking about CPU, Memory, IO and their connecting buses. I suggest doing something like this for this page. The IA32 oriented part could be a section.

Another question not really connected to this, but is there any kind of support for vector graphic in wikipedia's based wikis? It would be cool to be able to put svg graphics for schematic. It would also be cool to have a standard graphic line.

Steph

--Nct 09:03, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, SVG is supported. See XML - Managing Data Exchange/SVG for lots of examples of svg images on a wikibook page. --DavidCary (talk) 02:12, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

Updated Connectors
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:02, 7 October 2009 (UTC)
 * 'Internal Connectors' relating to SATA drive data and power cables
 * Motherboard power connectors ie ATX +12v, PCIE connectors etc.

RAM
This info. "RAM is needed because hard drives are too slow to operate with the speed of a microprocessor." Does not seem correct. RAM is required to hold programs and data for the CPU to access it. HDD is for 'permanent' storage, not for working with data or executing programs.

The data in the RAM is being constantly changed, such as screen displays. I don't see how it would be possible to operate directly from the hard drive. It would NEVER be fast enough as the data has to go though several(?) interfaces & cables.

Remember a HDD is a mechanical device. CPU are running at billions of operations per second. Even a Solid State (Flash RAM) Hard Drive possibly couldn't keep up. AND Flash RAM has a limited number of Read/ Write cyles. (Less than a HDD?)

You can run a computer without a HDD. But NOT without RAM. Person who wrote this may be being confused by use of HDD for virtual 'memory'? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:20, 7 October 2009 (UTC)

Book merge
I plan to merge this book with sections of How_To_Assemble_A_Desktop_PC. This book does not have any relevance anymore, its purpose taken over by the other book.--Leaderboard 18:25, 15 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Quick glance - I don't see anything that stands out as needing to be merged. Only thing that isn't in the other book is AGP, PCI, ISA cards, and that would likely be plopped in the archive section (or under a new appendix.) The appendix A also appears to have all relevant stuff in the other book, or otherwise be placed into a legacy section too. I think it's safe to do a redirect. --<IP_ADDRESS> (discuss) 19:42, 5 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Computer Hardware