text:
Colin Sylvia

Colin Martin Sylvia (8 November 1985 – 28 October 2018) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Melbourne Football Club and Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Football career
At 15 years of age, Sylvia made his debut for the Merbein seniors in the Sunraysia Football League and was a member of Merbein's 2002 premiership side.

AFL career
In 2009, Sylvia had his best year at Melbourne, averaging 22 disposals and kicking 17 goals. In Round 9, against Hawthorn, he had a career-high 37 disposals and four goals, kicking three goals in a row during the third quarter. He was awarded three Brownlow Medal votes for his effort. At the end of the year Sylvia signed a two-year contract to remain with Melbourne.

Sylvia's 2010 season was marred by injury, causing him to miss seven games. However, he was regularly one of Melbourne's best players in the 15 matches that he did play and he ended the season finishing fifth in the club's best and fairest award. He was also Melbourne's equal leading vote-getter, with Aaron Davey, at the 2010 Brownlow Medal.

In May 2013, Sylvia copped a three-game ban from the AFL tribunal for striking 's Jared Brennan in the Demons' embarrassing 60-point defeat to the Suns.

At the end of the 2013 season, after finishing fifth in Melbourne's best and fairest award for the season, Sylvia signed as an unrestricted free agent with Fremantle.

After being relegated to the West Australian Football League (WAFL) prior to the commencement of the 2015 AFL season for failing to meet fitness standards, Sylvia announced his retirement from the game, effective immediately, on 28 April 2015.

Personal life
Sylvia courted controversy with his off-field behaviour. He was accused of violence towards his girlfriend in 2006. In March 2008 he received a one-match ban and a $5000 fine after breaking a 1:00 am curfew and failure to attend a compulsory recovery session. Almost exactly a year later in March 2009, Sylvia "breached team expectations by being out late on Sunday evening" and was suspended by the club's leadership group five days later for the NAB Challenge match against the Western Bulldogs.

In 2009, Sylvia talked openly about his off-field problems and behaviour and how he nearly gave up football because of injury.

On 23 October 2011, police spoke with Sylvia after he left the scene of a serious accident in South Melbourne in the early hours of that morning. It is believed Sylvia was not the driver of the vehicle.

Death
On 28 October 2018, Sylvia was driving in the Mildura suburb of Irymple when his car collided with another vehicle at the intersection of Nineteenth Street and Benetook Avenue about 2:20 pm. Sylvia died at the scene. The driver of the second vehicle was not seriously injured, but was sent directly to hospital for treatment in fair condition.

Former Melbourne Football Club captain Garry Lyon stated the next day: Colin Sylvia was tragically killed in a car accident near Mildura, just out of Mildura last night. Some of the details are a bit sketchy but a two-car collision up there ... Our condolences and sympathies are extended to Colin Sylvia and his family and friends.

A public funeral was held in Mildura on 9 November, the day after what would have been Sylvia's 33rd birthday, followed by a private cremation.

Statistics

! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2004 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2005 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2006 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2007 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2008 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2009 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2010 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2011 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2012 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2013 ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2014 ! colspan=3| Career ! 163 ! 130 ! 74 ! 1651 ! 1101 ! 2752 ! 736 ! 557 ! 0.8 ! 0.5 ! 10.1 ! 6.8 ! 16.9 ! 4.5 ! 3.4
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 12 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 6 || 4 || 10 || 2 || 5 || 0.3 || 0.0 || 2.0 || 1.3 || 3.3 || 0.7 || 1.7
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 12 || 16 || 8 || 5 || 129 || 52 || 181 || 64 || 25 || 0.5 || 0.3 || 8.1 || 3.2 || 11.3 || 4.0 || 1.6
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 12 || 17 || 10 || 6 || 142 || 66 || 208 || 68 || 53 || 0.6 || 0.4 || 8.4 || 3.9 || 12.2 || 4.0 || 3.1
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 12 || 16 || 12 || 7 || 136 || 73 || 209 || 68 || 47 || 0.8 || 0.4 || 8.5 || 4.6 || 13.1 || 4.2 || 2.9
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 12 || 18 || 16 || 9 || 197 || 123 || 320 || 119 || 50 || 0.9 || 0.5 || 10.9 || 6.8 || 17.8 || 6.6 || 2.8
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 12 || 17 || 17 || 10 || 209 || 170 || 379 || 115 || 53 || 1.0 || 0.6 || 12.3 || 10.0 || 22.3 || 6.8 || 3.1
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 12 || 15 || 16 || 7 || 213 || 122 || 335 || 82 || 61 || 1.1 || 0.5 || 14.2 || 8.1 || 22.3 || 5.5 || 4.1
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 12 || 19 || 25 || 10 || 215 || 165 || 380 || 74 || 101 || 1.3 || 0.5 || 11.3 || 8.7 || 20.0 || 3.9 || 5.3
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 12 || 17 || 15 || 6 || 170 || 135 || 305 || 59 || 64 || 0.9 || 0.4 || 10.0 || 7.9 || 17.9 || 3.5 || 3.8
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 12 || 19 || 9 || 11 || 212 || 157 || 369 || 75 || 85 || 0.5 || 0.6 || 11.2 || 8.3 || 19.4 || 4.0 || 4.5
 * - style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
 * style="text-align:center;"|
 * 4 || 6 || 1 || 3 || 22 || 34 || 56 || 10 || 13 || 0.2 || 0.5 || 3.7 || 5.7 || 9.3 || 1.7 || 2.2
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * - class="sortbottom"
 * }

title: Colin Sylvia


text:
File talk:Frankfordv.NYG1925.jpg

Number 7
Is that Bomar down there? I think the ones with the striped socks are the Giants. Hard to tell if 7 is wearing those. Cake (talk) 05:24, 13 February 2015 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File talk:Frankfordv.NYG1925.jpg


text:
User:Lifenourish/sandbox

Global Childcare Brand Ofmom
July 21, 2017

1. Introduction:

Ofmom was created by Coree Group with an aim to help parents participating in childcare by providing safe and scientific products and services based on a research center in Italy. Ofmom established a research center in Piacenza in Italy in 2005 and produced premium formula under the leadership of Dr. Lorenzo Morelli, an Italian nutritionist. It is also channeling its energy into conducting research and development on high-nutrition and high-quality formula based on the GMP by selecting only excellent dairy cattle farms in France, Italy and China. In 2017, Ofmom Research Center in Italy led by Dr. Lorenzo partnered with Granarolo Research Center to create high-quality Ofmom liquid formula for children. As of 2017, it released five types of Ofmom formula.

In addition, it acquired DeRAMA, a postnatal care center adored by Korea celebrities, before opening CENTRE OFMOM based on the world’s best postnatal care services in Beijing, LA and Rome in 2017. CENTRE OFMOM provides a high-end system for newborn care, postpartum care and recovery.

2. Ofmom Childcare Research Center in Italy:

Ofmom Childcare Research Center established in Piacenza in Italy is operated by Dr. Lorenzo Morelli, a reputed Italian nutritionist (a professor with Piacenza University/a pioneer in the probiotics sector/a member of Health Ministry Committee). Dr. Lorenzo is known to be one of the most authoritative specialists in the global probiotics sector and dedicated to conducting research on probiotics and formula. He is also concentrated on conducting microbial research by combining probiotics with molecular biology.

In 1991, Dr. Lorenzo proceeded with his first probiotics project (FLAIR project AGRF 0053 “Selection and characterization of human probiotic strain”) in Europe and published papers on application of probiotics to foods: “Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria” and “Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food” in 2001 and 2002, respectively.

Under the supervision of Dr. Lorenzo, senior researchers in Italy, China and Korea conducted joint research on breastfeeding and growth of babies and children and developed Nutri-balance™ composed of balanced nutrients to add them to Ofmom liquid formula. It also produced premium Ofmom liquid formula by collaborating with Granarolo, the No.1 dairy product company in Italy.

3. Producing centers of Ofmom formula all over the world:

1) China：Zhangjiakou Chahaer Dairy Co., Ltd.

Ofmom collaborated with Zhangjiakou Chahaer Dairy Co., Ltd. in order to release formula series such as Ofmom MAMIAI HUI™ and Ofmom MAMIAI JIAN™. Zhangjiakou Chahaer Dairy Co., Ltd. is located in Zhangjiakou City in Hebei Sheng and occupies 100,000 square meters. Its building coverage is 30,000 square meters, and the company is producing formula by introducing state-of-the-art machinery used in the formula production line in TGE in France. Prior to product release, the company followed thorough screening for 64 international testing items and 24 hazard test items as well as introduced 30 control systems while acquiring GMP, HACCP and Credit Management System Certification to emerge as the most important business in Hebei in China.

2) Italy：Granarolo Group

Ofmom released Ofmom liquid formula in collaboration with Granarolo, the No. 1 dairy product company in Italy. Founded in 1957, Granarolo has been maintaining its leading position in the industry on the back of years of research and development and accumulated technologies in an effort to provide high-quality products.

Granarolo owns 15 producing centers in Italy and 2 producing centers in France and possesses more than 1,000 dairy cattle farms and 60,000 cows.

As it installed a farm in Lombardy and Emilia Romagna（44° North Latitude）located in the mid-north of Italy, it created and managed the optimum environment where cows can produce milk in cleaner and safer conditions. In addition, it gathered together more than 300 feed producers to supply fodder with DSI-based steam sterilization technology. Fresh quality feedstuff is being produced based on 1.3 million rounds of safety inspections.

Granarolo Group, highly recognized by the general public in Italy, has emerged as a global figure, and products made by Granarolo Group have achieved fame for excellent quality and passed rigorous screening to be welcomed in more than 50 countries in the world. When the Italian Prime Minister visited China in 2014, Granarolo Group participated in the 1st Italy-China Commerce Forum and has maintained close cooperative relations with China while conducting large-scale activities (Ex. World’s Fair, FHC China-International Exhibition of Food, Drink, Hospitality, Foodservice & Retail Industries in Shanghai and etc.)

4. Ofmom nutrition foods for infants:

Ofmom (www.ofmom.com) carefully selects and sorts out excellent raw materials all over the world based on years of research and development and patented technologies to meet the needs for health and nourishment of newborns and provide safe quality products by establishing formula production factories based on the GMP in Italy, France, the U.S. and China.

1)Ofmom MMA HU ™ Infant Formula [Importation of raw materials from France]

Dual nutrients revitalizing children -	Good formula comes from good dairy cattle farms!, Importation of all raw materials from France Use of raw milk produced in Craon Ranch in France boasting the best quality (47°, North Latitude) - Addition of Natura-defense™, a natural ingredient enhancing immunity, and contribution to strengthening immunity of your precious children France： 53400 Craon•France

2)Ofmom MMA HUI™ Infant Formula [Chahaer Dairy Co., Ltd. in China]

Five-dimensional core nutrients helping my child’s growth! - Importation of raw materials from Europe - Five-dimensional nutrients - FOS+GOS ingredients protect intestinal health China： Zhangjiakou Chahaer Dairy Co., Ltd. in Hebei

3)Ofmom MMA JIAN™ Infant Formula [Chahaer Dairy Co., Ltd.]

Balanced nutrients induce healthy growth of children! - Importation of raw materials from Europe - Phased nutrients China： Zhangjiakou Chahaer Dairy Co., Ltd. in Hebei
 * Probiotics (Bifidobacterium) in short-chain GOS (low lactose) and long-chain FOS (multi-fructose) adjust children’s intestinal balance to enhance their immunity
 * Six intelligence factors（DHA, ARA, linoleic acid, taurine, α-linoleic acid & choline）facilitates proper development of the brain.
 * Calcium, zinc and iron enhance capacity for locomotion.

4)Ofmom liquid formula [Direct importation from Italy]

Link mother’s breast milk for love - Mixture of balanced Nutri-balance™ ingredients - Use of excellent place of origin in Italy - Triple-guarantee, product safety and quality guarantee Italy：Via Verdi，74 41019 Soliera (MO)
 * Production in a ranch located 3.5 hours away from a factory within 48 hours
 * Production twice a day and extraction in the morning and in the evening
 * Guarantee of the highest level of freshness through the use of 4℃ cold storage technology

5)	Ofmom MMA Active Probiotics Powder Formula Mate [Direct importation from Korea]

The roles of probiotics are mostly known to be a method of maintaining balanced intestinal health for children and play an essential role in facilitating healthy growth of children. - Mycetoma added to infant foods selected by the Ministry of Health - Adjustment of the number of germs within the human body - Safe consumption by infants based on an absence of preservative and colorants - Direct importation from Korea

5. CENTRE OFMOM (Health Management Center for Pregnant Women):

CENTRE OFMOM （www.centreofmom.com）is a high-end postnatal care center (DeRAMA). It has been used by many Korean celebrities and is loved by politicians, governmental officials and famous entertainers belonging to the upper reaches of society in Korea. DeRAMA is concentrated on offering the finest quality system for infant management, postpartum care and recovery based on years of accumulated specialized experiences.

Since CENTRE OFMOM puts health of women in childbirth and infants before anything else, dedicated doctors are placed on a one-on-one basis to take care of women in childbirth and newborns.

CENTRE OFMOM is equipped with the best system for infant management, postnatal care and recovery based on years of accumulated specialized experiences and proliferated a high-end postnatal system all over the world including China, the U.S. and Italy by installing a postnatal health center in cooperation with famous local medical centers in Korea (Seoul), China (Beijing) and the U.S. (LA). It provides the highest-end management service responsible for the entire process of childbirth (before and after childbirth).

Address: No. 7 South Jianguomen, Beijing

6. Ofmom early education & culture service:

It provides specialized early education service unique to Ofmom in terms of enhancement of power of concentration, advancement of intelligence and evolvement of the cerebrum by offering the optimum environment (prenatal care music, various contents and etc.) for early education for precious children.

7. Ofmom baby products

As it is Ofmom’s and mothers’ wish to create a harmless growth environment for children for a long time, Ofmom’s infant products are made with natural materials to further children’s health and sanitation. As a close friend of mothers, Ofmom is endeavoring to create better care to children in cooperation with mothers.

Global Childcare Brand Ofmom
July 21, 2017

1. Introduction:

Ofmom was created by Coree Group with an aim to help parents participating in childcare by providing safe and scientific products and services based on a research center in Italy. Ofmom established a research center in Piacenza in Italy in 2005 and produced premium formula under the leadership of Dr. Lorenzo Morelli, an Italian nutritionist. It is also channeling its energy into conducting research and development on high-nutrition and high-quality formula based on the GMP by selecting only excellent dairy cattle farms in France, Italy and China. In 2017, Ofmom Research Center in Italy led by Dr. Lorenzo partnered with Granarolo Research Center to create high-quality Ofmom liquid formula for children. As of 2017, it released five types of Ofmom formula.

In addition, it acquired DeRAMA, a postnatal care center adored by Korea celebrities, before opening CENTRE OFMOM based on the world’s best postnatal care services in Beijing, LA and Rome in 2017. CENTRE OFMOM provides a high-end system for newborn care, postpartum care and recovery.

2. Ofmom Childcare Research Center in Italy:

Ofmom Childcare Research Center established in Piacenza in Italy is operated by Dr. Lorenzo Morelli, a reputed Italian nutritionist (a professor with Piacenza University/a pioneer in the probiotics sector/a member of Health Ministry Committee). Dr. Lorenzo is known to be one of the most authoritative specialists in the global probiotics sector and dedicated to conducting research on probiotics and formula. He is also concentrated on conducting microbial research by combining probiotics with molecular biology.

In 1991, Dr. Lorenzo proceeded with his first probiotics project (FLAIR project AGRF 0053 “Selection and characterization of human probiotic strain”) in Europe and published papers on application of probiotics to foods: “Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria” and “Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food” in 2001 and 2002, respectively.

Under the supervision of Dr. Lorenzo, senior researchers in Italy, China and Korea conducted joint research on breastfeeding and growth of babies and children and developed Nutri-balance™ composed of balanced nutrients to add them to Ofmom liquid formula. It also produced premium Ofmom liquid formula by collaborating with Granarolo, the No.1 dairy product company in Italy.

3. Producing centers of Ofmom formula all over the world:

1) China：Zhangjiakou Chahaer Dairy Co., Ltd.

Ofmom collaborated with Zhangjiakou Chahaer Dairy Co., Ltd. in order to release formula series such as Ofmom MAMIAI HUI™ and Ofmom MAMIAI JIAN™. Zhangjiakou Chahaer Dairy Co., Ltd. is located in Zhangjiakou City in Hebei Sheng and occupies 100,000 square meters. Its building coverage is 30,000 square meters, and the company is producing formula by introducing state-of-the-art machinery used in the formula production line in TGE in France. Prior to product release, the company followed thorough screening for 64 international testing items and 24 hazard test items as well as introduced 30 control systems while acquiring GMP, HACCP and Credit Management System Certification to emerge as the most important business in Hebei in China.

2) Italy：Granarolo Group

Ofmom released Ofmom liquid formula in collaboration with Granarolo, the No. 1 dairy product company in Italy. Founded in 1957, Granarolo has been maintaining its leading position in the industry on the back of years of research and development and accumulated technologies in an effort to provide high-quality products.

Granarolo owns 15 producing centers in Italy and 2 producing centers in France and possesses more than 1,000 dairy cattle farms and 60,000 cows.

As it installed a farm in Lombardy and Emilia Romagna（44° North Latitude）located in the mid-north of Italy, it created and managed the optimum environment where cows can produce milk in cleaner and safer conditions. In addition, it gathered together more than 300 feed producers to supply fodder with DSI-based steam sterilization technology. Fresh quality feedstuff is being produced based on 1.3 million rounds of safety inspections.

Granarolo Group, highly recognized by the general public in Italy, has emerged as a global figure, and products made by Granarolo Group have achieved fame for excellent quality and passed rigorous screening to be welcomed in more than 50 countries in the world. When the Italian Prime Minister visited China in 2014, Granarolo Group participated in the 1st Italy-China Commerce Forum and has maintained close cooperative relations with China while conducting large-scale activities (Ex. World’s Fair, FHC China-International Exhibition of Food, Drink, Hospitality, Foodservice & Retail Industries in Shanghai and etc.)

4. Ofmom nutrition foods for infants:

Ofmom (www.ofmom.com) carefully selects and sorts out excellent raw materials all over the world based on years of research and development and patented technologies to meet the needs for health and nourishment of newborns and provide safe quality products by establishing formula production factories based on the GMP in Italy, France, the U.S. and China.

1)Ofmom MMA HU ™ Infant Formula [Importation of raw materials from France]

Dual nutrients revitalizing children -	Good formula comes from good dairy cattle farms!, Importation of all raw materials from France Use of raw milk produced in Craon Ranch in France boasting the best quality (47°, North Latitude) - Addition of Natura-defense™, a natural ingredient enhancing immunity, and contribution to strengthening immunity of your precious children France： 53400 Craon•France

2)Ofmom MMA HUI™ Infant Formula [Chahaer Dairy Co., Ltd. in China]

Five-dimensional core nutrients helping my child’s growth! - Importation of raw materials from Europe - Five-dimensional nutrients - FOS+GOS ingredients protect intestinal health China： Zhangjiakou Chahaer Dairy Co., Ltd. in Hebei

3)Ofmom MMA JIAN™ Infant Formula [Chahaer Dairy Co., Ltd.]

Balanced nutrients induce healthy growth of children! - Importation of raw materials from Europe - Phased nutrients China： Zhangjiakou Chahaer Dairy Co., Ltd. in Hebei
 * Probiotics (Bifidobacterium) in short-chain GOS (low lactose) and long-chain FOS (multi-fructose) adjust children’s intestinal balance to enhance their immunity
 * Six intelligence factors（DHA, ARA, linoleic acid, taurine, α-linoleic acid & choline）facilitates proper development of the brain.
 * Calcium, zinc and iron enhance capacity for locomotion.

4)Ofmom liquid formula [Direct importation from Italy]

Link mother’s breast milk for love - Mixture of balanced Nutri-balance™ ingredients - Use of excellent place of origin in Italy - Triple-guarantee, product safety and quality guarantee Italy：Via Verdi，74 41019 Soliera (MO)
 * Production in a ranch located 3.5 hours away from a factory within 48 hours
 * Production twice a day and extraction in the morning and in the evening
 * Guarantee of the highest level of freshness through the use of 4℃ cold storage technology

5)	Ofmom MMA Active Probiotics Powder Formula Mate [Direct importation from Korea]

The roles of probiotics are mostly known to be a method of maintaining balanced intestinal health for children and play an essential role in facilitating healthy growth of children. - Mycetoma added to infant foods selected by the Ministry of Health - Adjustment of the number of germs within the human body - Safe consumption by infants based on an absence of preservative and colorants - Direct importation from Korea

5. CENTRE OFMOM (Health Management Center for Pregnant Women):

CENTRE OFMOM （www.centreofmom.com）is a high-end postnatal care center (DeRAMA). It has been used by many Korean celebrities and is loved by politicians, governmental officials and famous entertainers belonging to the upper reaches of society in Korea. DeRAMA is concentrated on offering the finest quality system for infant management, postpartum care and recovery based on years of accumulated specialized experiences.

Since CENTRE OFMOM puts health of women in childbirth and infants before anything else, dedicated doctors are placed on a one-on-one basis to take care of women in childbirth and newborns.

CENTRE OFMOM is equipped with the best system for infant management, postnatal care and recovery based on years of accumulated specialized experiences and proliferated a high-end postnatal system all over the world including China, the U.S. and Italy by installing a postnatal health center in cooperation with famous local medical centers in Korea (Seoul), China (Beijing) and the U.S. (LA). It provides the highest-end management service responsible for the entire process of childbirth (before and after childbirth).

Address: No. 7 South Jianguomen, Beijing

6. Ofmom early education & culture service:

It provides specialized early education service unique to Ofmom in terms of enhancement of power of concentration, advancement of intelligence and evolvement of the cerebrum by offering the optimum environment (prenatal care music, various contents and etc.) for early education for precious children.

7. Ofmom baby products

As it is Ofmom’s and mothers’ wish to create a harmless growth environment for children for a long time, Ofmom’s infant products are made with natural materials to further children’s health and sanitation. As a close friend of mothers, Ofmom is endeavoring to create better care to children in cooperation with mothers.

title: User:Lifenourish/sandbox


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/starelse.com

Links

 * starelse.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 3 additions.


text:
Compiler Construction/Code Generation

Code Generation
A compiler usually is designed to output an executable program that will allow the user to run your program, and to be directly run by the processor, without having an intermediary interpreter such as in the interpretation process. For your program to be run by the processor however, you will need to transform the instructions in your specific programming language into assembler code, which is then sent to an assembler tool to create object code, which is then linked together with specific libraries to create your executable code. For now, we only really need to worry about transforming the instructions into assembler code. This process is what we will deal with in this section. You will need to be well versed in the assembler language you wish to output. If you intend your programs to run on the x86 architecture, you need to be familiar with x86 assembler code, and so on.

Code generation occurs after semantic analysis is done, which gives us enough information to generate more primitive concrete code. The general idea behind code generation is decompose the tree structure of the syntax tree into a sequence of instructions, whatever an instruction set is. In this stage, since we are done with the semantic program, we are not interested in the syntactic and semantic structure of programs but in the order of executions of instructions.

Some sort of intermediate code is often produced before generating actual machine code. The benefits of this are

 * 1) it is easier to generate more abstract code, not bothering too much about things like register allocations,
 * 2) optimization independent to machine architecture can be done and
 * 3) compiler bugs can be spotted more easily.

However, it may be simpler for your program to output assembler code directly, but you lose the above advantages. See the next section for more techniques on this.

In this chapter, we shall use the three address format to represent intermediate code. The format is useful because it is analogous to actual machine instructions in some architectures and, more importantly, allows us to easily change the execution order of instructions, which is a huge advantage over stack-based intermediate code like the byte code of Java.

Although it is not a complex problem to reuse names after they have already been used, it is actually beneficial to allocate a new name every time one is needed because it allows us to form a call graph and optimize easily as we will see later. For this reason, we only briefly mention the methods to reuse names. You can find more on the optimization of allocation of names in optimization chapter.

The three address code, as the name suggests, consist of three address and opcode, which tells what kind of operation is meant to be done. For example, an expression (a + b) * 3 can be transformed into:

temp1 := a + b; temp2 := temp1 * 3

In the first line, temp1, a and b are addresses and + is an opcode, and the second line is similar to the first one. Unlike load-store machines, it is unnecessary to load variables to registers and store them back. You see why the three address code is easy to handle.

Choosing portable, flexible and expressive instructions is critical; Not having enough instructions can complicate generated code with the combination of several instructions to achieve one operation and having too much may obviously make maintenance more daunting task. Probably the best way to do this is to examine existing machine code. It is more straightforward to transform code close to underlying machine code than abstract one.

Expression
Algebraic expressions can be translated into the three address code in a very straightforward manner. This can be done rather recursively as follows: Assume two expressions left and right with an operation op-code, then the results should be:

code for left code for right temp = place for left + place for right

Control Structures
The general idea behind generating code for control structures is the same as coding in assembly programming. That is, an if statement, for instance, is converted into a chunk of code using conditional and unconditional jumps.

Assembler language techniques
If the output of your compiler is assembly language code, it is necessary to understand the basic techniques of assembly language programming. Most programming languages do not map easily to most assembler languages, so some techniques or skills may need to be understood before attempting to write code that will output assembler code. These techniques are not intended to create highly optimized code - you will learn optimizing techniques later - but are intended to make sure you have a good understanding of how data and instructions are managed in the process of compiler construction.

Managing variables
Many programs use hundreds of different variables (not counting arrays).

Most computer architectures give you less than 32 registers (MIPS architecture and ARM give nearly 32 pointer registers; i386 gives only about 4 pointer registers; PIC microcontroller only has 1 pointer register).

Since we can't squeeze 100 different variables into even 32 processor registers, we must use memory for storing most variables.

We will start by storing practically all variables in memory. Later we will cover optimizing techniques that try to keep as many variables as possible in the processor registers.

Labeling
The assembler tool that you are using may reserve the names of the mnemonics. For example, your assembler may not allow a variable named add, since this is reserved for the instruction to add.

In this case, it may be important to use a prefix for your variable labels. Some compilers use a single underscore, but you can choose whichever you wish.

title: Compiler Construction/Code Generation


text:
User:Jugnoo1987/sandbox

Ruma Devi is a social worker from a small village in Barmer District. She is the president of Gramin Vikas Evam Chetna Sansthan. She empowered 22000 women from the area.

title: User:Jugnoo1987/sandbox


text:
User:Giviph/sandbox

Levan Butkhuzi (born 22 September 1970, Tbilisi) is a Georgian ethologist and ecologist, television presenter, journalist, traveler and writer. Currently he is the editor-in-chief of the Georgian edition of National Geographic Magazine.

title: User:Giviph/sandbox


text:
Vladimir Bradonjić

Vladimir Bradonjić (born 11 December 1999) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a winger for PAOK B.

Early career
Bradonjić started his career at FK Rudo before joining Radnik Bijeljina's.

Radnik Bijeljina
He made his professional debut against Krupa on 22 July 2017 at the age of 17. On 18 February 2018, he scored his first professional goal against Borac Banja Luka.

PAOK
In January 2021, Bradonjić moved to Greek side PAOK. He won his first trophy with the club on 22 May, defeating Olympiacos in Greek Cup final. On 1 July 2021, Bradonjic moved from PAOK to PAOK B.He made his debut against Niki Volou, scoring a goal in the first game.

Ethnikos Achna
On 11 August 2023, Bradonjic moved from PAOK to Ethnikos Achna fo one year loan. In January 2024 he returned back to PAOK.

International career
Despite representing Serbia on under-19 level, Bradonjić decided to play for Bosnia and Herzegovina on senior level. He was first part of under-21 team.

Honours

 * Republika Srpska Cup : 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19
 * Greek Cup: 2020–21

title: Vladimir Bradonjić


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/italiancarsspecialist.com

Links

 * italiancarsspecialist.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link would be caught by rule .*cialis.* on the monitor list (Automonitor: reported to www:MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist (diff - )).
 * Link is blacklisted by cialis on [//ru.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist ru.wikivoyage.org]
 * Link would be caught by rule .*cialis.* on the monitor list (Automonitor: reported to www:MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist (diff - )).
 * Link is blacklisted by cialis on [//ru.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist ru.wikivoyage.org]

Additions

 * Displayed all 3 additions.


text:
Cookbook talk:How to Cook Oysters

Over the next several days I'm going to split these out into their own recipes, and link them from Cookbook:Oyster. I don't know what to do about their page histories, ect. from en: however. Any assistance would be appriciated.

Ah, I wanted to know how to cook my SIX oysters. If I had fifty I would have a chef to cook them for me. Sorry for the sarcasm - got into the alchohol <IP_ADDRESS> 02:28, 6 March 2007 (UTC)sds

I think the only time I see 100 oysters is either a dinner party or one of those Asian buffets that have all those seafood out on ice.

title: Cookbook talk:How to Cook Oysters


text:
ladder polyether

Noun

 * 1)  Any of several naturally occurring organic compounds having a series of oxygen-containing heterocyclic rings arranged in the form of a ladder; most are poisonous

title: ladder polyether


text:
User:Kushalbansal 12/sandbox

kushal bansal is a tiktoker with a fan community of 30k and liked by 130k times. His account has high traffic rate. His video hits many likes. His account named kushalbansal_7 on tiktok has all this features. His instagram has not much followers due to ban of Tiktok in india.

title: User:Kushalbansal 12/sandbox


text:
Senator McCormack

Senator McCormack may refer to:

 * John W. McCormack (1891–1980), Massachusetts State Senate
 * Mike McCormack (politician) (born 1921), Washington State Senate
 * Peter M. McCormack (1919–1988), Massachusetts State Senate
 * Thomas J. McCormack (1922–1998), Pennsylvania State Senate
 * Tim McCormack (born 1940s), Ohio State Senate

title: Senator McCormack


text:
User:Konstable no del del

I am currently Konstable in the normal wikipedia. Ive started a new file but someon has taken my username. Anyways if you have trouble or need any help or if your having problems just leave it on my user page. Just because I am not admin I can still edit. Cheers.

More stuff
We should have more pages on wikiversity.

title: User:Konstable no del del


text:
Gamboma Airport

Gamboma Airport is an airport serving the city of Gamboma in the Plateaux Department of Republic of the Congo. The runway is 5 km north of town.

title: Gamboma Airport


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pronunciation respelling key

The result of the debate was no consensus to delete. W.marsh 15:53, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Pronunciation respelling key
Conflicts with Manual of Style (pronunciation), Avoid self-references, No original research, Verifiability, and Citing sources. —Michael Z. 2006-03-20 17:36 Z

 * Delete—my request. —Michael Z. 2006-03-20 17:36 Z

 * Keep. There is no conflict with Original research, Verifiability, or Citing sources: This is a guide, as as such is self-defining. It no more needs cited sources than a table of contents does. Self reference is generally a problem because it is unprofessional, but this isn't the case with a pronunciation key: Guidelines such as this are standard in print encyclopedias such as the EB. As for Wikipedia's pronunciation guideline, these issues are covered in the key's talk page: No one has yet come up with a way to represent English in the IPA in a dialect-neutral way, so the IPA has resulted in edit wars over "cultural imperialism". Also, many people are more familiar with this kind of system than the IPA. Think of middle-school kids in the USA, for example. The IPA should always be used as well, of course, but this extra info is helpful, which is something we should always keep in mind. kwami 20:59, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep, unless MichaelZ can explain his reasoning in more detail. Kwami's justification seems sensible to me. The Singing Badger 21:08, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Please also refer to what Wikipedia is not: not an instruction manual: "Wikipedia articles should not include instruction - advice (legal, medical, or otherwise), suggestions, or contain "how-to"s. This includes tutorials, walk-throughs, instruction manuals, video game guides, and recipes. . . . Note that this does not apply to the Wikipedia: namespace, where "how-to"s relevant to editing Wikipedia itself are appropriate"
 * This is not an encyclopedia article, although it could have a place in the help: or Wikipedia: namespace. However, I am skeptical that it represents any Wikipedia policy or conventional practice.  —Michael Z. 2006-03-21 01:35 Z
 * As for Wikipedia not being an instruction manual, by your reading of the policy Wikipedia should have no pronunciation guides at all. However, these are clearly acceptable and are not considered "instruction".

 * And no, it's not an article at all, it is a key, just as we have in any other encyclopedia. (The pronunciation guide in my print encyclopedia appears at the begining of volume I, separate from the articles.) I would be fine with this in help or namespace as long as articles could still link to it once it's there, but I have a feeling that people would object to that as "self reference". kwami 05:17, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I think a key like this wouldn't belong in the article namespace, and I think there are templates made for references to help pages like this. But the other question is which articles refer to this key?  Is this respelling method used anywhere in Wikipedia?  —Michael Z. 2006-03-21 17:36 Z

 * Check the 'what links here' link. kwami 19:40, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, after looking at 'what links here', I'm wondering if this is a particular respelling standard that's used in astronomy? If so, then it may be appropriate to offer it alongside IPA (which is already the recommendation) in astronomy articles.  The "key" article is lacking references and context.  —Michael Z. 2006-03-21 21:22 Z

 * Delete, not a proper article, should be in the Wikipedia: namespace if anywhere, and conflicts with Manual of Style (pronunciation). —Keenan Pepper 04:40, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The purpose of the manual of style is to avoid haphazard pronunciation spellings. However, this key is intended to avoid that problem as well, by making the pronunciation spellings regular and consistant. The manual of style causes its own problems because people fight over whose dialect to use as the approved pronunciation. This system avoids that problem, and having both it and the IPA addresses the needs of more people. kwami 05:17, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Delete per nom. Perhaps find a place for it in the Wikipedia: namespace. Robin Johnson 11:47, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep or move to Wikipedia: namespace per Kwami and discussion on the article's talk page.--JHJ 13:05, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Delete redundant article with the existence of English pronunciation, not to mention International phonetic alphabet. Wiki is also not a how-to guide.  For an article about language, it's not very well written. MLA 13:26, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep The article is not redundant, but just mistitled or mislocated. (Or misremembered? haha)  English phonology (at least can we please refer to articles by the correct entry?) delves into dialectical issues and doesn't address phonetic respelling.  Also, as pointed out, there's no one way to unambiguously transfer a pronunciation into IPA: the beauty of the idea of this article is a very elegant way of doing that.  I'd recommend that at the worst, the namespace idea happens.  I'd much rather see it developed more to provide a non-IPA method of pronunciation transcription that could be useful throughout linguistics and languages pages, classical literature and history pages, biology, and so on.  Every page of my oldest Webster's has a similar pronunciation guide on every page.  Another advantage is that this system (similiar to what most newspapers and magazines would use) only requires one special character, the unambiguous schwa, [ə].  I'd rather see us first work to edit the article to address MLA's POV that it's "not very well written".  Then let's rewrite it so it is, and make it so it could be used throughout the English language Wiki.--Sturmde 00:54, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

discussion
Would it be acceptable to everyone to move this key to wikipedia:help or wikipedia:namespace and still allow the actual articles to link to it? kwami 05:29, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * That would definitely be more acceptable. After it's moved we can address the question of whether it should exist at all. —Keenan Pepper 03:16, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Don't fudge the issue. Would it be acceptable or not? kwami 05:21, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I would argue against it existing at all, so no. —Keenan Pepper 05:24, 22 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
GCSE Science/Electricity multiple choice practice question 6 answer 4

I'm sorry but this is the wrong answer. Increasing the concentration of silver nitrate will mean there are more ions to carry the current. The current will therefore be larger and so the silver layer will be thicker.

The question asked which method 'would not produce a thicker layer.

<<back


text:
feniks

Noun

 * 1)  phoenix
 * 2)  a unique person; rara avis
 * 3)  a replacement for something that has been destroyed or perished somehow, especially by fire

Noun

 * 1) phoenix

Noun

 * 1) phoenix

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)   phoenix
 * 2)  Phoenix
 * 3)  date palm

Noun

 * 1)   phoenix

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) phoenix

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) phoenix

authors: Гражданская оборона

title: feniks


text:
protudržavni

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) subversive
 * 2) seditious
 * 3) Acting against the state.

title: protudržavni


text:
HTML/Basic formatting

These are some of the simplest HTML tags to learn. These tags will help make your page more organized and interesting to read. Keeping a web page organized is key principle and helps keep the page more user friendly. For example, compare Google's homepage with Yahoo's home page. Google's homepage is simple and has one function, to search. Yahoo's homepage has many services listed so users can find a diverse range of services as opposed to only being able to search. The goal is to keep your page organized and efficient.

Bold text
To make text bold, we use the  tag, like this: Normal text - Bold text! Which would display like this:
 * Normal text - Bold text!

Note: You may have seen the  tags used to make text bold. The  tag bolds text, but it is meant to be used to stress important words and concepts. The visual is the same, but the semantic meaning is different. As computer algorithms become smarter and better able to interpret semantics and context, semantic clarity is becoming increasingly important.

Italic text
Italics are much the same, but using the  tag instead, like this: This text is in italics
 * This text is in italics

Note: You may have seen the  tags used to italicize text. The  tag italicizes text, but it is meant to be used to emphasize specific words and concepts. The visual is the same, but the semantic meaning is different. As computer algorithms become smarter and better able to interpret semantics and context, semantic clarity is becoming increasingly important.

Nesting Tags
HTML Tags should be nested. When you have text in bold and in italics, the " " and the " " should go around each other like Russian dolls.  Like this
 * Like this

Not:  This is wrong  Nor:  This is also wrong

" " is fine.

Line breaks and horizontal rules
Browsers ignore single line breaks, so the following:

This is HTML

Would still render as:

 * This is HTML

However, if you use a line break, you can force a new line to occur whenever you want. Take the following code:

This is   HTML

Which would render as:

This is HTML

Another (less common) formatting tag is the horizontal rule, which will produce a line across the page. A horizontal rule is as simple as this:

Which produces the following:

You can also alter the size of the line, like this:

Which will make a smaller line:

Color can also be added to the tag. Use the color atribute . Used along with the size atribute for thickness, and defined by pixel size, this renders a nice red horizontal rule across the page.

The Center Tag
Note how the line is still on the left? This can be fixed using the  tag, which aligns things to the centre of the page.

This makes a nice, central line:

You can also use the  tag around text. This works well for poetry, as in the following example, which combines a few tags we've learned:

 Twinkle, twinkle, little meatball, Off my pasta did you fall! From the plate piled so high, Like a lump and landing with a sigh. Twinkle, twinkle, little meatball, 3 second rule but the dog beat me to you!

Which would render like this:

 Twinkle, twinkle, little meatball, Off my pasta did you fall! From the plate piled so high, Like a lump and landing with a sigh. Twinkle, twinkle, little meatball, 3 second rule but the dog beat me to you!

The  is deprecated. This means that it is no longer a standard by the W3C standards. The standard now is the use of attributes and CSS, which you will learn later on.

The tag in use now is the div tag and its attributes are left, center and right such as div align="center" enclosed in the proper brackets<>. formatted would look like:

center

title: HTML/Basic formatting


text:
2019 Acura Grand Prix of Long Beach

The 2019 Acura Grand Prix of Long Beach was the fourth round of the 2019 IndyCar season and the 45th annual running of the Acura Grand Prix of Long Beach. The 85 lap race was held on April 14, 2019, in Long Beach, California. Alexander Rossi dominated the race from the pole position scoring his sixth career IndyCar victory.

Race
Notes: Points include 1 point for leading at least 1 lap during a race, an additional 2 points for leading the most race laps, and 1 point for Pole Position.

Championship standings after the race

 * Drivers' Championship standings

 * Manufacturer standings

 * Note: Only the top five positions are included.

title: 2019 Acura Grand Prix of Long Beach


text:
User:Chambers617/sandbox

Fort Hill is a .6 square mile neighborhood or district of Roxbury. The approximate boundaries of Fort Hill are Malcolm X Boulevard on the North, Washington Street on the South East and Columbus Avenue on the South West.

The geographic area comprising Fort Hill was strategically important during the American Revolutionary War and housed the patriot army defenses during the Siege of Boston. Indeed, Fort Hill draws its name from the earthwork fortification that the patriot army built upon the hill located at the center of the neighborhood. The hill is now the location of Highland Park, which is notable for a Victorian-era tower designed by Nathaniel Jeremiah Bradlee, and landscaping designed by Frederick Law Olmsted.

Fort Hill developed rapidly as a residential neighborhood in the 19th century after the extension of streetcar service from Boston. The availability of public transportation remains vital to the neighborhood today, and Fort Hill is served by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's Orange Line and Silver Line. The neighborhood features a variety of architecture including Greek Revival and Italiantate houses that predate the American Civil War, classic Boston triple-deckers, row houses and newer green developments. Fort Hill is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the John Eliot Historic District or alternatively, the Roxbury Highlands Historic District.

Colonial points of interest
Fort Hill is home to the First Church in Roxbury which, gathered in 1631, was the sixth church founded in New England. The Church has had five different meeting houses at its site at the intersection of Highland Avenue and Center Street, with the current dwelling, built in 1803, still standing today as the oldest wooden frame church building in Boston. The First Church of Roxbury marked the starting point for the April 18, 1775 Midnight Ride by William Dawes who, along with Paul Revere, was dispatched by Joseph Warren to warn Lexington and Concord of the British incursion during the Revolutionary War. The First Church currently is the headquarters of the Unitarian Universalist Urban Ministry's activities.

The Dillaway-Thomas House located at 183 Roxbury Street also was used by the patriots in the revolutionary war. The Dillaway-Thomas House was built as a parsonage for the First Church in Roxbury, with construction beginning in 1750. During the eleven month siege of Boston from April 1775 through March 1776, the 4700 soldier right wing of the patriot army camped in Roxbury. Major General John Thomas used the house as his headquarters. The Dillaway-Thomas House now houses the operations for Roxbury Heritage State Park.

Agrarian roots to a street car suburb
Prior to the extension of street cars, Fort Hill contained farms and country estates of wealthy Boston families. Fort Hill began its transformation from agricultural, to industrial, to residential uses in the early nineteenth century. In 1803, what is now known as Washington Street was improved to become the Norfolk and Bristol Turnpike, a road that connected Boston with Pawtucket, Rhode Island. As early as the 1820s, a horse drawn bus line was established along Washington Street to carry commuters into Boston, and in 1835 the railroad from Boston to Providence was sighted along the Stony Brook Valley on the North side of Fort Hill.

In 1869, Roxbury built the Cochituate Standpipe, the neighborhoods most widely-known structure, to modernize its water system. T One final development boon significantly increased the attractiveness of the neighborhood. Electric Trolley Service began in 1887 and residents began to move to Fort Hill in mass, creating a market for row houses, triple-deckers and single-family homes.

Immigration and diversity
During the early twentieth century, Fort Hill experienced an influx of immigrants of English, Irish and German descent. The influence of German immigrants, in particular, can still be felt in some of Fort Hill's architecture in the area around Egleston Square. In the 1940s and 1950s, Fort Hill witnessed another wave of immigration, as many African American people from the American South moved into the neighborhood as part of the Great Migration. Fort Hill and Roxbury in general began to become known as the heart of black culture in Boston.

Today, Fort Hill is home to a ethnically and linguistically diverse community. Fort Hill has been recognized for its sizable population of residents with Irish, Puerto Rican, Dominican, German and Sub-Saharan African roots. Over the last decade Fort Hill has experienced an influx of professionals, artists and students, many of whom attend Northeastern University, Massachusetts College of Art and Design or Wentworth Institute of Technology. Fort Hill is also often referred to as a neighborhood that is notable for having a high concentration of residents living with same-sex partners, and has a history of its residents fadvocating for gay rights.

Transportation
Fort Hill is served by the MBTA's bus and rail services, roadways and public bicycle trails.

 * Orange Line (MBTA). The Orange Line (MBTA) rapid transit train line, runs along the North side of Fort Hill and stops at Jackson Square and Roxbury Crossing.
 * Silver Line (MBTA). Two Silver Line bus rapid transit lines originate in Dudley Square MBTA Station and serve downtown Boston, among many other areas.
 * Buses. Fort Hill is served by numerous MBTA bus routes. In particular, Dudley Square MBTA Station is a transfer point between for 15 local MBTA Bus routes.
 * Cars and driving. Fort Hill contains a few major roads, including Washington Street, Columbus Avenue and Malcolm X. Boulevard. Most of the residential areas of the district allow for resident and nonresident street parking.
 * Bicycle paths. The Pierre Lallement Bicycle Path runs along the Southwest Corridor Park from Forrest Hills to Back Bay.
 * Commuter Rail. Many commuter rail lines are easily accessible by riding the Orange Line subway train to the Ruggles and Back Bay stops.

Education
Fort Hill is served by Boston Public Schools, which assigns students using an algorithm based on, among other things, the preferences of the applicants and the location of a student's home. Fort Hill is home to a number of primary and secondary schools including Nathan Hale Elementary School (PK-5), Timilty Middle School (6-8), and the John D. O'Bryant School of Math & Science (7-12). Fort Hill hosts two institutions of higher learning, Roxbury Community College and Emmanuel College's retreat center.

Notable Residents

 * William Lloyd Garrison (1805–1879), journalist, abolitionist, lived in a Fort Hill home the last 15 years of his life.
 * Edward Everett Hale (1822–1909), author, historian and Unitarian minister.
 * Louis Prang (1824–1909), printer, lithographer and publisher.

title: User:Chambers617/sandbox


text:
User:Inahet/Iran

Anti-Arabism among Iranians
I have made some additions to the article you proposed:

(A)Anti-Arabism in Iran is related to the notion that Arabs forced Persians to accept Islam in 7th Century AD.

(B)Anti-Arab sentiment among Iranians can range from distrust to outright hatred. There are some who advocate purging Arabic culture and even Arab civilians from Iran. Racial-based politics are limited to a number of small factions in Iranian society and are not believed to be popular in the mainstream. Such advocates include popular Iranian media outlets like The Persian Journal. They suggest ways of "de-Arabizing" Iran:

(C) "
 * 1- Take out Arabic words from your language as much as possible.
 * 2- Do not listen to any speaker who uses too many Arabic words, especially the Mullahs.
 * 3- Try to explain for as many as possible people around you, starting from the family members, and extending to the people you meet at work place, neighborhood and so on and take any occasion to explain that Iranians are not Arabs.
 * 4- Explain your Iranian sentiments about the nomadic Arabs who invaded Iran in every occasion.
 * 5- Do not let the issues about Islam, as a religion, which is like any other, block your view about the barbaric Arabs who plundered Iran and changed the fate of a civilized nation to the course of nomadic Arabs.
 * 6- Find new ways to do this task and let others know them.

(D)None of the main political groups either in Iran or in the Iranian diaspora make Anti-Arabism a part of their agenda, even if Arabs often feel excluded from these movements. However, president Khatami’s former Vice President, Mohammad Ali Abtahi, was running for election on an anti-Arab platfrom. Abtahi had also written a letter to the government departments proposing a process of eliminating Arabs and Arab culture from Khuzestan. This letter sparked protests among Khuzestani Arabs in April of 2005.

(E)Anti-Arab Iranians may also share anti-Islam feelings. They oppose any Arab or Islamic influence and elements in Iranian culture and they advocate a process of "De-arabization" of Iranian culture, in which Persian words of Arabic origin are removed from the language, the Arabic script is replaced with the Latin script, and the rejection of Islamic customs (which are perceived to be Arab in origin). Some even advocate the expulsion of Arab people from Iran.You need a source here

(F)Anti-Arab prejudice was inflamed by the hostilities between Iran and Iraq. Iranians Arabs were mistrusted and accused by fellow Iranians for supporting and collaborating with Iraqi forces in the Iraq invasion of Iran of (year). However, many Iranians have stressed the role Arabs played in defending Iran during the Iran-Iraq War.

(G)Furthermore, many anti-Arab Iranians begrudge Arabs for bringing down the Sassanid Empire. Author Richard Foltz in his article "Internationalization of Islam" states "Even today, many Iranians perceive the Arab destruction of the Sassanid empire as the single greatest tragedy in Iran’s long history.

Discussion:

Dear Ahwaz, Section E seems redundant since the points presented has been stressed in sections B and C. The words that are in bold are suggestions, feel free to delete them if you don't think that they belong there. Also I think we have to reorder the sections. I think there is enough information, but we should include information on the Anti-Arab policies of the Iranian government as you have mentioned if I'm not wrong. I hope to do this in the next couple of days. --Inahet

Sources:
 * ETHNIC TENSION IN KHUZESTAN ,

BINESH HASSANPOUR -SHAHRVAND ISSUE 983 5/3/05,

Thursday, May 05, 2005

Ethnic Tension in Khuzestan Binesh Hassanpour After three weeks of clashes between ethnic Iranian Arabs and security forces in the southwestern province of Khuzestan, tensions remain high, and many questions remain unanswered. A letter allegedly written by President Khatami’s former Vice President, Mohammad Ali Abtahi in 1999, seems to have sparked the protests by the Iranian Arab population, the province’s ethnic majority. On April 15, approximately 1,000 demonstrators gathered in central Ahvaz (Shalang Abad) to protest about the contents of a letter that had been circulated throughout the city since April 9. Although the authenticity of the letter has been vigorously denied by Abtahi, and the government of the Islamic Republic, it has infuriated Khuzestan’s Arabs. The letter outlines a programme with a number of measures intended to diminish the Arab population and language in Khuzestan, by forcing Arabs to emigrate, and encouraging the immigrating of non-Arabs into the province. (See the end of the article for a complete English translation). “Anyone who read the letter,” said Abtahi, “will realize that such a decision. . . cannot be implemented in Iran .” Abtahi has been accused of advocating anti-Arab politics before. Mahmud Ahmad al-Ahwazi, the official spokesman for the London based Popular Democratic Front of Ahwazi Arabs in Iran, told the Qatar based al-Jazeera news agency that, “Abtahi. . . campaigned for election on the anti-Arab platform – telling local Iranians that Ahwazis would be prevented from buying land within 20km of the [Iraqi] border.” Anti-Arabism is not unfamiliar to Iranians – what’s disconcerting to those who recognize the danger of racism, is the growth of such positions, and the escalation of tensions between parties within the Iranian population. Arab advocate groups based outside Iran mention, as an example of anti-Arabism in Iran, the severe underdevelopment of Arab areas within Iran, and the government’s tendency to under-fund programmes that would benefit Arabs. [B]Defence Minister Ali Shamkhani, an ethnic Arab, was in the region and admitted the plight of Arabs in Khuzestan, but laid the blame of underdevelopment on the destruction the Iran-Iraq War (1980-‘88) brought, when the province was invaded.

Dear Inahet,

Here are some articles that mention the ethnic cleansing of Arabs in Khuzestan:

Michael Ledeen: "Worst of all is the ongoing campaign of ethnic cleansing directed against the Ahwaz Arabs in Khuzestan, where up to three divisions of the army, the Revolutionary Guards, and the infamous thugs of the Basij have been deployed, following the sabotage of a major oil pipeline by anti-regime dissidents. Radio Farda, our official Farsi-language station, quoted a local journalist, Mr. Mojtaba Gehestani, who says that 28,000 Ahwazi Arabs have been jailed in the past ten months, hundreds have been summarily executed, and many corpses have been fished out of the Karoon River, with telltale marks of torture. Nonetheless, the regime’s interior minister recently announced that there is no "ethnic problem or issue" in Iran today." http://www.nationalreview.com/ledeen/ledeen200603280728.asp

Paulo Casaca MEP "... ethnic cleansing by the Iranian authorities of the Ahwazi people in the South-Western region of Khuzestan" http://www.cafebabel.com/en/article.asp?T=A&Id=1626

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation "Ethnic Cleansing in Full Force in Iran ... The regime is encouraging ethnic Persians to settle on the land confiscated from Ahwazi Arab farmers by placing advertisements in Farsi-speaking provinces and cities. The adverts promise cheap fully furnished apartments with all amenities, which is in stark contrast to the squalor of the slums and villages where most Ahwazi Arabs reside ... The land confiscation programme - including the Arvand Free Zone - is in line with the "ethnic restructuring" programme outlined in a top secret letter written by Sayed Mohammad-Ali Abtahi when he served as Iran's Vice-President. The letter was leaked to the international media last year, prompting the April intifada in Al-Ahwaz." http://www.unpo.org/news_detail.php?arg=06&par=3857

title: User:Inahet/Iran


text:
Talk:Carrie-Anne Moss/Archive 1

Removed Moss quote
I've removed the following from the article. A google search of a phrase from the quote turned up only Wikipedia and a handful of other sites drawing their content from Wikipedia, so I don't think it's reasonable to keep this here unless a concrete source can be given.

 * She had this to say about the films that made her famous (The Matrix and its sequels): "The moral of all the films is that love conquers all, destiny, believing in your past, making choices that support your destiny, being responsible for the choices that you make, believing in something that you're willing to fight for that you think is important, believing in good, freedom and believing that unless you have a choice then there's no freedom. Having a choice gives you freedom and then it's being responsible for that choice."

--IntrigueBlue 19:57, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Outrage.
I'm shocked: no picture! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:45, 17 January 2007 (UTC).

Yeah, we need a picture. <IP_ADDRESS> 19:32, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

sub par
I agree with the sub-par designation. Here are some recommendations I would like to suggest: My $0.02. Keithh 18:27, 11 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Is there any evidence of her specifically being sought after to make the statement: "was snapped up by some of Hollywood’s most prominent producers"? If not - then she was hired, just like other actors and actreses and we can streamline that section
 * the phrase "audiences saw her in..." gets old fast. Can't we just say she starred in them?
 * Trivia section needs a lot of work:
 * mention of her early role in a Canadian tv show called Matrix is double-listed - under Bio & Trivia - remove one of them
 * Trivia "Her husband, Steven Roy, is an actor" <-- bio not trivia?
 * "Toured Europe with her high school choir." <-- bio not trivia?
 * Maybe all the Maria Bello info might be better for the bio than the trivia?
 * Agree that the section needs work, and only a publicist would say "snapped up" and "Hollywood’s most prominent producers". Aristoi 16:31, 7 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree, so changed it. Accounting4Taste 17:37, 28 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Somebody at some point changed it back.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:19, 8 February 2009 (UTC)

Enter the Matrix
The title "Enter the Matrix" is not a film, but a game which expands upon the films storyline, and as such I have removed it from the list. Blaze42 (talk) 18:35, 23 April 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Carrie-Anne Moss. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090210164833/http://www.eonline.com:80/celebrities/profile/index.jsp?uuid=39813244-d75d-4048-af1b-c20f7aae2ae1 to http://www.eonline.com/celebrities/profile/index.jsp?uuid=39813244-d75d-4048-af1b-c20f7aae2ae1

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 15:36, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Carrie-Anne Moss/Archive 1


text:
Talk:Fluid ounce

Clean up
I don't like trashing decent articles with an template, so for minor fiddles like this, the clean template above makes more sense. Kill the clean w/o asking.Fra nkB 06:00, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I've been away south helping out with the post H. Katrina recovery, so I'm not up on a lot of the newer changes, like footnotes, or I'd do this myself. I've got about 3-4 more edit pages to pop off and finish in a string and being after midnight, I'm not going to research such now!
 * The need I see is to move the legal cites down into the nice new footnotes.
 * Yeah, it's a mess ... still. Jɪmp 08:34, 18 December 2007 (UTC)
 * It's somewhat tidyer now. Jɪmp 19:12, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

(Fluid) ounce
It is infuriating the number of recipes that, due to the laziness of the writer or copier, fail to include the word "fluid" and yet it is implied with the item to be measured. Since when would you measure out 6 ounces of water? Or pizza sauce? Sometimes, it could be either weight or volume, but the frequent omission of the word "fluid" leaves it ambiguous.

This is one reason why I disdain the customary/imperial measures and prefer metric. At least there's no such thing as a "fluid gram" or a "mass/weight millilitre"!

Fl oz is no harder to print than ounce(s). GBC 03:10, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, in metric it's not customary to volumes by weight but measures of density are used.GreatMizuti 14:23, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

"Since when would you measure out 6 ounces of water? ": since I was a child. I frequently measure out a particular number of ounces of water. And, what's more, I'll tell you how I do it: I pour water into a measuring cylinder marked in fluid ounces up to the "6" mark. Of course this would theoretically be accurate only if I checked the temperature and looked up the density at that temperature, but the difference is far too tiny to matter for domestic purposes. As for pizza sauce, if I were to use ready-made pizza sauce, and if I were to think that a measurement in a recipe for a pizza were critical enough to be worth the trouble, rather than just being a rough guide, I would weigh it, if the recipe gave a number of ounces. Why wouldn't one? I don't see the problem. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:57, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

 * If you are measuring a fluid, use fluid ounces. What's so difficult about that, GBC? ~ MD Otley (talk) 15:21, 9 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the anecdote but I think GBC was referring to normal people not posh weirdos with OCD <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:36, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

He's got a point. For example, I have here a recipe that calls for three ounces of sugar. So which do I use? Granulated sugar is both dry and fluid, so it could be either dry or fluid ounces. Rees11 (talk) 17:44, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Ah, no. Granulated sugar is dry. ~ MD Otley (talk) 03:20, 4 November 2009 (UTC)

 * I guess sugar is dry in the sense that it's dry to the touch, but it's still common to measure it in units of volume. For instance, when I cook rice, I measure it in cups, then add twice as much water. It even says to do so on the back of the package. Outside the US, deciliters (dl) are common for rice, sugar etc. So yes, I definitely see the problem; I don't think it's always clear whether to measure volume or mass, and 10 fl oz of sugar is very different from 10 oz of sugar. A sentence like "add 3 ounces of sugar and 6 ounces of water" would definitely confuse me. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:15, 29 November 2009 (UTC)

I know this is a rather old discussion, but the reason there is rarely ambiguity is that we americans seldom use scales in the kitchen, and nearly all ingredients are measured by volume, usually cups. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:32, 7 February 2011 (UTC)

 * As the main said, no recipe would ever say to use a certain number of ounces of sugar: sugar measurements are in teaspoons, tablespoons, or cups.  The same goes for other ingredients made up of many small pieces, like spices, flour, and loose grains.  Liquids use the same volume measures, but can also use fluid ounces, although that's not as common as fractions of a cup. ~ MD Otley (talk) 19:15, 13 September 2015 (UTC)

Exactly
1 US fluid ounce is exactly 29.5735295625 ml. You can derive this from the following exact measures: Source: — Rees11 (talk) 23:35, 8 April 2010 (UTC)
 * 128 fluid oz = 1 gal = 231 inch^3
 * 1 inch^3 = 16.387064 ml

What would it be like if, we here in the United States used the British Imperial fluid ounce (28.4 ml), the British Imperial cup (284 ml), the British Imperial pint (568 ml), the British Imperial quart (1.136 litres), and the British Imperial gallon (4.544 liters)? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Harvey994 (talk • contribs) 18:54, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

 * For one thing, gasoline would suddenly seem to have gone up by 20% Moletrouser (talk) 13:01, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

The article's explanation of origins of gallons says ".... Thus, the mass of an imperial fluid ounce of water is one avoirdupois ounce (28.4 g) The US ounce is based on the earlier definition of one gallon equalling 231 cubic inches. This measurement at first glance does not seem to have any tie to mass, however it is believed[by whom?] to have come from a previous measure of a gallon as being 224 cubic inches (just 7 cubic inches less, both numbers being multiples of 7) which was used because it was the exact volume of 8 pounds of wine.[1] Thus one pint of a wine gallon is equal to the volume of one pound of wine, and there are 16 fluid ounces in a pint, just as there are 16 ounces in a pound." Some problems: (1) explaining a difference by describing an origin that differs from the present case in _two_ respects (224 vs. 231, _and_ water vs. wine) does not let the reader sort out what's due to what. And the concluding "thus" about being different by about four percent does not follow from the information presented. (2) The 224-cubic-inch wine gallon description that this passage attributes to Reference 1 is not to be found in Reference 1. What is to be found there is different: says that it's the _231_-_cubic_-_inch gallon (not the 224) that is the Old English Wine Gallon, and reports the idea that it was chosen to be the volume of 8 pounds of wine in _troy_weight_, not avoirdupois. (3) This passage would be a lot more helpful if it got around to saying how many pounds a US gallon does weigh. Archaeopterix (talk) 17:28, 5 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Agreed that paragraph is a mess. I'm familiar with the subject and read it three times and still don't know what it's trying to say. Does someone want to try fixing it? I'd fix it myself, but I'm afraid my fix would be to just remove the whole thing. Kendall-K1 (talk) 17:04, 20 September 2012 (UTC)

 * I'll see what I can do. Zyxwv99 (talk) 03:30, 21 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm going to put in some unreferenced material this morning, just because I'm in a hurry. Last night I studied the main reference I intend to use: Connor and Simpson's Weights and Measures in Scotland which has plenty of information about England as well. The relevant material is around pages 153 and 231 (plus nearby pages) in chapters 4 and 6. There are also some good references in related articles. Zyxwv99 (talk) 12:33, 21 September 2012 (UTC)

 * That's better, keep going! This is confusing: "The US ounce is based on the earlier definition of one gallon equalling 231 cubic inches." I assume this refers to the US gallon being based on the UK wine gallon, but "earlier" is confusing because the US gallon is still 231 cubic inches. I would just take out the last sentence starting with "This measurement at first glance does not seem..." unless you can figure out what it's trying to say and clarify it. Kendall-K1 (talk) 18:00, 21 September 2012 (UTC)

 * I'll try to straighten this out tomorrow. Whoever wrote that almost knew what they were talking about. The US gallon of 231 cubic inches is based on the Queen Anne wine gallon, which in 1706 was given two slightly conflicting definitions: 231 "cubical inches" and a second definition about the size and shape of a cylindrical container that would be absolutely correct if pi were equal to 22/7. The Queen Anne wine gallon was actually in use since the 1500s. I forget the details (need to look it up) but it was originally something like 233 cubic inches, based on a pound of 15 ounces avoirdupois, the pound being either Flemish or Florentine, I forget. (At the time, England was still a relatively poor country, while Paris, Flanders and Florence were rich and major trading partners.)

 * The part about the gallon of 224 cubic inches is not really right. That'a a whole different gallon, the Guildhall gallon (the oldest gallon in English history), originally a 9-pound gallon where each pound was 15 Paris troy ounces of 472.5 modern grains (of 0.06479891 gram, minus 0.1 percent for the Carysfort Committee error of 1758). Zyxwv99 (talk) 03:28, 22 September 2012 (UTC)

When did Floral Ounce become Fluid Ounce?
I am in my 30's. I was raised always using Floral Ounces. Now everyone uses Fluid Ounces. When did this change happen? Presidentbalut (talk) 20:28, 20 January 2014 (UTC)

Definition
There is nothing how-to manual-ish about defining fluid ounces in terms of metric measure. It is how the articles on the international yard and pound, pint and gallon defines those units. The current definition is circular and fails to give the reader a quick reference point to the similarity and difference between the units by reference to a independent yard stick (so to speak). Moreover both US and Imperial fluid ounces are legally defined in terms of metric measure. — Blue-Haired Lawyer t 14:42, 20 August 2014 (UTC)

Utter Nonsense!
'Ounces are most commonly mass. The ounce-force exists but is rarely used.'

When some one steps on a bathroom scale, they are measuring weight, in pounds and ounces. When a newborn baby is weighed it is weighed not "massed" and the weight is measured in pounds and ounces. When someone puts a letter on a postal scale it's weight is measured in ounces. These scales and all commonly used scales are incapable of measuring mass, they can only measure weight. Even a balance type scale cannot measure mass directly, it can only infer it from the relative weight of two objects.

I don't know what planet you're from, but on earth ounce is a measurement of weight, not mass!  John Alan Elson  ★  WF6I A.P.O.I. 00:11, 18 December 2014 (UTC)

 * I'm from a planet where a pound is defined as $0.454$ kilograms. When I stand on a set of bathrooms scales, sure I'm measuring weight but the reading is in kilograms not newtons.  Of course, if I were on another planet, this wouldn't give me the correct mass, but the fact that these scales don't have the warning "for use on Earth only" doesn't seem to worry me very much.  Okay, it's true that scales can only measure weigh and that mass is then inferred and it's true that we speak of weighing things not massing them but that doesn't make the kilogram a unit of mass, which, by the argument presented here, it would be.  The kilogram is not a unit of force, nor therefore is the pound nor the ounce (as the pound is defined in terms of the kilogram and the ounce in terms of the pound).  They are all units of mass.  Jimp 04:35, 18 December 2014 (UTC)

No, the only time the ounce it a measure of mass is when someone does a metric conversion which is technically wrong, since the ounce is a measure of weight and a kilogram is actually a measurement of mass. The ounce is and always has been a measure of weight. The conversion of kilograms to pounds and ounces is only correct under normal gravity.

If a fat man stepped on a bathroom scale on earth it would say he weighed 300 pounds. On the moon it would say he weighed 50 pounds. In both cases it would be correct because though his mass would be the same his weight would be different, and pounds, like ounces are a measure of weight, not mass!  John Alan Elson  ★  WF6I A.P.O.I. 05:00, 18 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Please consult the legislation of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and other countries where the pound and ounce are legally defined. They all say 1 lb = 0.45359237 kg. No gravitational fields or location is mentioned. This equation is valid everywhere. If a kilogram is a unit of mass, so is a pound, and so is an ounce. Some of the confusion has to do with the word weight which is ambiguous. Some textbooks and physics teachers insist that weight can mean only "force due to gravity," but nobody can control the English language. Like it or not, weight can and usually does mean "mass." Indefatigable (talk) 19:27, 18 December 2014 (UTC)

US measurements = Utter Nonsense

30 ml ounce used for medical labelling?
I don't think this is true. Here is a counter-example:. Note the label, "4 FL OZ (118 ml)". Kendall-K1 (talk) 15:23, 15 September 2016 (UTC)

 * I agree that that is consistent with using an avoirdupois ounce. However, on the same page, the next label shows $1 teaspoon = 5 ml$, which would imply that $1 fluid ounce = 6 teaspoons = 30 ml$.  Furthermore, California says] that a fluid ounce is 30 ml when measuring liquid medicine.  Unfortunately, those could be rounding from $1 tsp = 4.9289216 ml$ or $1 fluid ounce = 29.57353 ml$.  𝕃eegrc (talk) 18:21, 15 September 2016 (UTC)

 * Motrin Children's Ibuprofen Oral Suspension, Original Berry Flavor, 4 fl oz (120 ml) is instead consistent with the US food labelling fluid ounce. Also see Allegra Allergy, Children's, Non-Drowsy, Berry Flavor, 4 fl oz (120 ml).  𝕃eegrc (talk) 18:33, 15 September 2016 (UTC)

 * Also take a look at, modium A-D Anti-Diarrheal, Mint Flavor, 8 fl oz (240 ml) and Tylenol Cold & Flu, Severe, Warming Liquid, Honey Lemon, 8 fl oz (240 ml). To see more, try a Google search for, for example, "8 fl oz (240 ml)" (with the quotes).

 * It seems that we have found contradictory examples. Perhaps change the article text to say something like "It is sometimes used in medical labelling". 𝕃eegrc (talk) 18:39, 15 September 2016 (UTC)

 * I would not want to use any of these labels as a source. The California Pharmacy flyer would be acceptable with attribution. (Kind of funny how it starts out "It's important to measure ... accurately" then proceeds to give the wrong size for a liquid ounce. I suspect they just rounded up.) Kendall-K1 (talk) 23:04, 15 September 2016 (UTC)

conversion between ounces and fluid ounces of water missing
The article is missing information about the very close equivalence between the weight of a fluid ounce of water and an ounce of water and also between the weight of a pint of water and a pound of water.

16 fluid ounces = 16.6908 ounces i.e. about 4% more

so 1 pint = 1.043175 pounds i.e. about 4% more (needs to be said again)

https://metric-calculator.com/convert-fl-oz-to-oz.htm --Espoo (talk) 08:42, 8 February 2021 (UTC)

The food labeling ounce is for serving size only, not package size
The regulation cited (iirc 21 CFR section 101.9) is explicitly only about serving sizes in the context of nutrition facts, and also discourages using "fluid ounces" unless it is a beverage and more natural units like "one can" are not suitable. It alludes to package sizes having different rules. Package sizes use US customary fluid ounces, although I cannot find the law or regulation dictating this.

Reading the 21 CFR regulation cited in this article turns up something interesting: Because measures in fluid ounces should be rounded to the nearest 0.5 fl oz, and because servings are unlikely to be over 35 fl oz, the difference between 30 mL/oz and 29.58 mL/oz will never matter. Once you hit 35.0 fl oz (30 mL each), you have a problem because that is equal to 35.5 fl oz (US customary fl oz). But in practice, I doubt such a large serving would exist. Using numbers that large for teaspoons or tablespoons is forbidden, you have to switch to cups. As a result, ALL of these "household units" of volume will in practice be equal to the US customary units, because of the required precision (which is limited to a half-unit, except for the cup).

In other words, the fact that serving sizes use different units will never cause an observable difference in a label, due to the mandated lack of precision and the practical limits on a serving size. And the fact that the appropriate unit goes from teaspoon to tablespoon to ounce to cup as the volume increases, skipping ounce unless the item is a beverage. A sauce, or ice cream, are examples of foods that would skip from tablespoon to cup. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:35, 17 February 2024 (UTC)

 * This assumes the serving size is an integer number of fl oz (in one system or the other). I agree that the article appears pedantic to distinguish "serving size" fl oz from "customary" fl oz.  But can we truly prove that serving sizes will not exceed 35 fl oz?  At more than a quart, it does seem excessive! Yoderj (talk) 17:45, 9 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Unless there are objections, I will remove "A US food labeling fluid ounce is exactly 30 mL." but keep the discussion of the law, with a summary of this discussion. Yoderj (talk) 17:47, 9 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fluid ounce


text:
Tag der Deutschen Einheit

Etymology
lit. 'Day of German unity'.

Proper noun

 * , the national holiday of the Federal Republic of Germany
 * 1)  17 June, the anniversary of the
 * 2)  3 October, the anniversary of  in 1990

Usage notes

 * The official form had a lower-case d until 1990 and has had an upper-case D since. In non-official practice, however, both forms have been used indiscriminately.

title: Tag der Deutschen Einheit


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/The Skating Minister

The Skating Minister
Voting period ends on 26 Aug 2020  at 09:20:58 (UTC)
 * Reason:High quality reproduction of this notable work.
 * Articles in which this image appears:The Skating Minister etc.
 * FP category for this image:Featured pictures/Artwork/Paintings
 * Creator:Henry Raeburn

 * Support as nominator – MER-C 09:20, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Support. Charlesjsharp (talk) 10:14, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Support I've seen this painting. It's somewhat of an iconic painting for the National Gallery of Scotland, indeed, you can see it in this photo. Adam Cuerden (talk)Has about 7.4% of all FPs 13:54, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Support – 1234qwer1234qwer4 (talk) 15:48, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Support. —David Eppstein (talk) 17:09, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Support Hahahaha yes Brotato The Great (talk) 18:26, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Support. Josh Milburn (talk) 07:53, 22 August 2020 (UTC)

--Armbrust The Homunculus 20:28, 26 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
User:Nerojack99

Hello. My name is Ken. My primary interests are in history, human rights, and equal justice, music, and the cosmos.

title: User:Nerojack99


text:
History of Ireland through Song

 * Part of the Department of European History

Introduction
Ireland's history is rich, and richly recorded in song. The purpose of this project is to provide a listing of songs (and, if possible, a way to obtain them legally, for free), corresponding to various elements of Irish history, complete with commentary and background.

The goal is to develop a greater knowledge and understanding of Irish history through the memorable and enjoyable medium of music (particularly Celtic music).

Tasks

 * Create outline of Irish History (this is in the works—see talk page)
 * Find and add songs relevant to as many aspects of Irish history as possible

Questions
(Please discuss on the talk page).
 * Should we include Scotland, as well, and have a course on the two together, or separately?
 * Should there be an option to include songs in Gaelic (or even other languages) for ambitious students?

Coordinator

 * The Jade Knight

Contributors

 * The Jade Knight
 * Cormaggio
 * Kaycee
 * Wilkinson
 * GeoBardRap

Interested Students
Supersarah1999 13:09, 8 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Danielle Ralph
 * Ioana
 * Koala
 * DónalMcK 10:55, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Lyrasong
 * Victoria Butler 17:48, 01 December 2011

Songs

 * "Black and Tans" composed by Dominic Behan. (Full version by StoneRing available here.)
 * "Bold Fenian Men" written by Peadar Kearney. (2 minute excerpt of the Kellee Brad version available here.  Lyrics and midi available here.)
 * "The Wind That Shakes the Barley", composed by Robert Dwyer Joyce.
 * "Arthur McBride" - lyrics and mp3
 * "The sash my father wore" - MIDI & notation
 * "The Green Fields of America". Lyrics and midi here, Original 1852 broadside image here.
 * "The Foggy Dew", (revolutionary version, 1916) composed by Peadar Kearney or Canon Charles O'Neill. Lyrics and midi here.
 * "The Fields of Athenry" - lyrics and midi
 * "The Patriot Game, with lyrics by Dominic Behan. (Full version by the Brobdingnagian Bards available here.)
 * "Banba Óir (in Gaelic), by Clannad, makes reference to ancient Irish history. (Lyrics and translation here.)
 * "Skellig", by Loreena McKennitt; about the monastery on Skellig (lyrics).
 * "Bonny Portmore" (traditional). (lyrics.)
 * "From Clare to Here", by Ralph McTell (about immigration). (Lyrics available here.)
 * "Famine" by Sinead O'Connor, talks about the Irish Famine lyrics.
 * "The Wearing of the Green" written at the time of the 1798 Irish rebellion.

Background
Celtic music classifications Notes on Celtic tunes

Related resources

 * The Irish Language Department

title: History of Ireland through Song


text:
ragbi

Etymology
From, from Rugby, a brand of rubber cement by.

Noun

 * 1)  rubber cement, contact cement

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) rugby

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) rugby

Noun

 * 1) rugby

title: ragbi


text:
Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities

The Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities (Municipios Autónomos Rebeldes Zapatistas, MAREZ) were the basic governmental units utilized until 2023 within the de facto autonomous territories controlled by neo-Zapatista support bases in the Mexican state of Chiapas. They were founded following the Zapatista uprising which took place in 1994 and were part of the wider Chiapas conflict. Despite attempts at negotiation with the Mexican government which resulted in the San Andrés Accords in 1996, the region's autonomy remains unrecognized by that government.

The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) does not hold formal political power in Zapatista governance. According to its constitution, no commander or member of the Clandestine Revolutionary Indigenous Committee may take positions of authority or government in these spaces.

The MAREZ were found within the official municipalities, and several were even within the same municipality, as in the case of San Andrés Larráinzar and Ocosingo. The MAREZ were coordinated by autonomous Zapatista Councils of Good Government (Spanish: Juntas de Buen Gobierno) and their main objectives were to promote education and health in their territories. They also fought for land rights, labor and trade, housing, and fuel-supply issues, promoting arts (especially indigenous language and traditions), and administering justice.

On 17 August 2019, the Zapatistas announced a significant increase of autonomous municipalities, and a new term for centers of Zapatista autonomy. In most cases these Centers of Autonomous Resistance and Zapatista Rebellion (Centros de Resistencia Autónoma y Rebeldía Zapatista, CRAREZ) include a Caracol (English: "Snail"), a Council of Good Government, and a Rebel Autonomous Zapatista Municipality (MAREZ). The Zapatistas credited this growth primarily to the efforts of "women, men, children, and elders of the Zapatista bases of support" and secondarily to a backfiring counter-insurgency strategy of the Mexican state, which "generate[s] conflict and demoralization" among non-Zapatistas. Eleven new Centers of Autonomous Resistance and Zapatista Rebellion (CRAREZ) were declared; specifically, four new autonomous municipalities and seven new Caracoles (each accompanied by a Council of Good Government). This raised the total number of Caracoles from five to twelve, and brought the total number of autonomous Zapatistas centers to 43, including 27 original autonomous Zapatista municipalities, 5 original Caracoles, and the 11 autonomous Zapatista centers newly declared.

In November 2023, after increased cartel violence, the EZLN announced the reorganization of Zapatista autonomy and dissolution of the MAREZ, with only the Caracoles remaining open to locals. Later that month, they announced the reorganisation of the MAREZ into thousands of "Local Autonomous Governments" (GAL) which form area-wide "Zapatista Autonomous Government Collectives" (CGAZ) and zone-wide "Assemblies of Collectives of Zapatista Autonomous Governments" (ACGAZ).

Background
On 1 January 1994, thousands of EZLN members occupied towns and cities in Chiapas, burning down police stations, occupying government buildings, and skirmishing with the Mexican army. The EZLN demanded "work, land, housing, food, health care, education, independence, freedom, democracy, justice, and peace" in their communities. The Zapatistas seized over a million acres from large landowners during their revolution.

Distribution
Since 2003, the Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities (MAREZ) coordinated in very small groups called caracoles (English: "snails" or "seashells"). Before that, the Neo-Zapatistas used the title of Aguascalientes after the site of the EZLN-organized National Democratic Convention on 8 August 1994; this name alluded to the Convention of Aguascalientes during the Mexican Revolution where Emiliano Zapata and other leaders met in 1914 and Zapata made an alliance with Francisco Villa.

Government

Within the MAREZ, popular assemblies each consisted of around 300 families in which anyone over the age of twelve could participate in decision-making. These assemblies strove to reach a consensus, but were willing to fall back to a majority vote. The communities formed a federation with other communities to create an autonomous municipality, which formed further federations with other municipalities to create a region. Each community had three main administrative structures: (1) the commissariat, in charge of day-to-day administration; (2) the council for land control, which dealt with forestry and disputes with neighboring communities; and (3) the agencia, a community police agency.

Public services
After the dissolution of the MAREZ, Subcomandante Moises said in an official statement that the Caracoles (Zapatista community centres) would continue providing their services to locals, but would be "closed to outsiders".

Education
The Zapatistas run hundreds of schools with thousands of teachers. They are modeled around the principles of democratic education in which students and communities collectively decide on school curriculum and students aren't graded.

Healthcare
The Zapatistas maintain a universal healthcare service which is provided free of charge. However, patients still have to pay for medications to cover restocking costs. The Zapatistas built two new hospitals and 18 health clinics in the region by the mid-1990s. One 2014 study indicated the following achievements in Zapatista healthcare:

 * In 2005, 84.2% of Zapatista children were fully vaccinated, while that figure stood at 74.8% in pro-government communities.
 * In regions where there were previously significantly high rates of death during childbirth, there has now been a period of eight years or more where no maternal deaths have been recorded.
 * The manufacture and consumption of alcohol has been banned, which is directly linked to the reduction in many illnesses and infections including ulcers, cirrhosis, malnutrition, and surgical wounds. Banning the consumption of alcohol was a collective decision. Nayely, a Zapatista representative, stated that alcohol is “not good for one’s health, and just wastes money”.

According to one account of Oventic from 2016:"In Oventic, there was a small yet seemingly fully-functional medical clinic, which appeared to offer basic healthcare. A sign on the door said general consultations, gynecology, optometry and laboratory services were all available five days a week. Emergency services were available 24 hours, seven days a week. They appeared to have a shiny new ambulance at their disposal. Other services offered a few days a week included dentistry and ultrasounds."

Water
Many Zapatista communities are in rural areas with little access to running water. Projects were undertaken to supply Zapatista communities with fresh water. In one case, Roberto Arenas, a small Tzeltal community, built its own water service with the help of solidarity activists. Such projects were coordinated democratically. An account by Ramor Ryan noted: "The good government committee of the autonomous municipality refer the case to their elected water commission and the options are weighed. The commission consults various parties including the local EZLN commander and clandestine committee members, and so, in the end, after the issue has been bandied around what seems like half the inhabitants of this particular region of the jungle, the community of Roberto Arenas is notified about the eligibility of their request. It’s a process similar to what happens anywhere in the world at a local council level, except for one significant difference: the state authorities have no involvement whatsoever; this is an autonomous process overseen by the communities’ people. There is no separation between who is governed and who is governing—they are one and the same." Ryan described the process of finishing the water project: "We’re getting lots of little bits and pieces done, fine tuning this and that. Helping people construct their family tap stands, digging here and there, testing the pressure, tightening valves. A group of women come together during the morning to put together a tap stand for the collective clothes washing area. We earmark a bag of cement—the very last one—for the later construction of a large concrete washbasin. The day is punctuated by minor moments of crisis—people coming up and saying that the water isn’t arriving to their house—but it is usually just a blocked pipe or a faulty connection. Really, the system is almost flawless and works perfectly fine; it’s been an exemplary project."

2023 Zapatista Autonomy Reform
In early November 2023, a communique signed by Subcomandante Moises announced the dissolution of the Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities,   along with their Councils of Good Government. The announcement declared that, effective immediately, all positions and documents related to the MAREZ would be considered invalid. The statement clarified that the Caracoles (Zapatista community centres) would continue providing their services to locals, but would be "closed to outsiders".

Although he did not describe specific reasons for the dissolution, Moises cited rising cartel violence along the Guatemala–Mexico border, where many of its municipalities are located. The state of Chiapas had already been experiencing a rise in people smuggling, drug trafficking and open conflict between the Sinaloa Cartel and the Jalisco New Generation Cartel. In September 2021, the EZLN had described the situation in the state as a "civil war". The Zapatistas reported that the cartels, which they linked with the Mexican government, had carried out "road blockades, robberies, kidnappings, extortion, forced recruitment, [and] shootouts" in the region. The statement described the cities of Chiapas as being in "complete chaos", and that many (including San Cristóbal de las Casas, Comitán, Las Margaritas and Palenque) were controlled by the cartels. They also reported that the Mexican Army and National Guard, which had deployed thousands of troops to the region, had not combatted criminal violence; they claimed that the Mexican state's troops were only there to prevent illegal immigration to the United States.

According to the statement, the decision to dissolve the MAREZ had been discussed for months prior to the announcement. It has been speculated that the decision had been taken due to the upcoming 2024 Mexican general election. According to Mexican anthropologist Gaspar Morquecho, the Zapatistas had also become "increasingly isolated", cutting ties with other organisations. Morquecho claimed this had caused many in the younger generation to leave the Zapatista municipalities, in order to seek work or education.

Moises promised that future statements would clarify the reasons for the decision, as well as details on the restructuring of "Zapatista autonomy". The statement also stated the Zapatistas' intention to celebrate the 30th anniversary of their uprising, inviting people to come, while also warning that Chiapas was no longer safe.


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/2012 Major League Baseball All-Star Game

Length

2012 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Bryce Harper

 * ... that Bryce Harper (pictured) is the youngest player to be named a Major League Baseball All-Star at age 19?
 * Comment: The article has been significantly updated on July 9th, the All-Star game is tomorrow.

Created/expanded by Sputnik1980 (talk), Eposty (talk). Nominated by LuK3 (talk) at 23:35, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Symbol delete vote.svg Not close to a 5x expansion. - PM800 (talk) 02:36, 10 July 2012 (UTC)