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Talk:Ken Rosewall

Question about 1956
Question about 1956 The article says Rosewall and Hoad failed to win the French Open doubles (alone of the slams)in 1956. In fact Hoad lost in the final playing with Cooper. My memory from that period is that Rosewall didn't play in the French of that year, but I could be wrong and the article does not make that clear. Could it be clarified? Did he play or not? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cleanboot (talk • contribs) 14:49, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

Rosewall played in 1956 an Aussie exhibition at Cairns on April 29 then went to Europe to play the International Club Week in Brussels, June 4-9, then the British Grass season so Rosewall didn't play the French amateur in 1956 (nor in 1955) Carlo Colussi (talk) 11:19, 15 October 2009 (UTC)

Direct source?
Is there a direct source for the claim that Rosewall decided not to play at Roland Garros after 1969? I have found articles in the New York Times in '71 and '73 stating that he skipped the tournament to rest for Wimbledon, and I'm happy to include those are sources, if there is nothing better. Perhaps his record in the claycourt season before Roland Garros in these years can be mentioned as evidence (for example, he did not play the 1971 Italian Open, the only WCT player not to do so). I've started a thread at the Tennis Warehouse boards on this topic. Krosero (talk) 15:46, 24 December 2009 (UTC)

WP:TENSCR
Hi,

Good work on the expansion here. Can I just point you in the direction of WP:TENSCR, a summary of the relatively recent discussions at WP:TENNIS regarding the use of tennis scores within articles. Although I'd describe the consensus arrived at as "loose" (only a handful of editors were participating, myself included), the guideline to include scores in prose "only where necessary" was in place before those discussions. This article seems to have a lot of scores in the prose itself, which appear to be predominantly the scores in finals matches that are also included in the wikitables etc.

Would you consider removing the less important scores from the prose, perhaps only leaving the more crucial/interesting ones?

Best wishes, —User:MDCollins (talk) 23:43, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Colonel Kuntz Cup source??
Regarding the 1956 title listed: is there a source for this particular cup? A quick google search reveals no details about this event's existence, with the exception of another wikipedia article, of Rod Laver career statistics, attributing him the 1961 title. Curiously, both mentions of this cup have dates that overlap with other events. In Rosewall's case, he apparently took out both the "Colonel Kuntz Cup" and Newport Casino Invitational simultaneously, both starting and finishing on the 23rd and 29th respectively, albeit on different continents.

Given the naming, and lack of reference, I'm prone to think this event is entirely fictional, however, it has been listed on this page since early 2008, and his apparent French opponent (Marcel Bernard) would be plausibly still in the game (1956 being his final year of play). So, I'm leaving it up to an actual tennis buff to prove me wrong. As on the Laver page, it states that he overlapped this competition with another, starting and eventually winning both the Centennial Cup and the Colonel Kuntz Cup from the 25th of July 1961, with both conveniently located in Deaville, France. Possible source of this (potential) vandalism? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:16, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

Answer :

Here are the complete Rosewall results in this 1956 Deauville (and not Deaville) tournament :

July 23-29 1956

Deauville FRA

2R defeated Tamal Moyaret 62 62

QF defeated Monbarak 61 62

SF defeated Wayne Van Voorhees 62 64

F defeated M Bernard 61 63 119

I do not remember but in 1961 or 1962 when Laver played at Deauville two events were played simultaneously there (I found it in a World Tennis magazine that I have not to hand) so it is very likely that the Centennial Cup and the Colonel Kuntz Cup were held simultaneously.

If you want some sources about Kenny and Marcel (mine are Sutter's book, Tennis de France, World Tennis and for the complete results, Andrew Tasiopoulos)

Other sources : look at http://news.google.com/archivesearch?as_q=Rosewall+Bernard+Deauville&num=100&hl=en&btnG=Search+Archives&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&ned=us&as_user_ldate=1956&as_user_hdate=1956&lr=&as_src=&as_price=p0&as_scoring=a in the Google Archives. You will decipher that Bernard also beat Malcolm James Anderson in the semis 61 64

In the first decades of tennis there were often two men's singles events at the same location and dates especially in Germany (complete results can be found in Ayres' Almanacks for instance compiled by Arthur Wallis Myers). Look for instance at Wilding's titles, he won the Wiesbaden Cup and the Wiesbaden Championship the same week in 1907. In fact many players could default one match in one event and play in the other event. For instance Josiah George Ritchie defaulted in the 1908 London Chps final while he won the Chp of Europe, both held at the same site, London, Queen's Club, and dates, June 15-20, 1908. Below the final results :

London Championships, Queen’s Club BRI (Grass):

Kenneth Powell (BRI-G) - Josiah George Ritchie (BRI-G) 6-4 3-3 (retired)

Championship of Europe, Queen’s Club BRI (Grass):

Josiah George Ritchie (BRI-G) - Walter (or William) Cecil Crawley (BRI-G) 6-3 10-8 6-8 2-3 (retired)

In 1911 in a German or Austrian location Rodney Wilfred (or Wilfrid, I don't remember) Heath was beaten by the future winner of the main tournament but took his revenge in the secondary tournament.

Carlo Colussi (talk) 12:35, 15 March 2011 (UTC)

Very few sources
While I have little doubt that most of the info in this bio is accurate, it is woefully lacking in sources. I'm not sure any info in his "year by year" sections has any citations at all! This really needs to be fixed for such a great player. Fyunck(click) (talk) 08:05, 3 February 2014 (UTC)

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk)TennisFan....[The concept of Pro Grand Slam was not acknowledged at the time, but is a creation of tennis writers of later years.s It is an anachronistic idea, and should not be used in an encyclopedic context.}  —Preceding undated comment added 01:10, 19 June 2019 (UTC)

Doubles performance
Where are all his important doubles results? Save his infobox, there is hardly anything on his doubles results on his article and his career statistics article on his doubles results. Given the fact that he achieved two career grand slams in doubles, it should be notable enough to be included? And how about his mixed doubles results. Tvx1 05:17, 4 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Mixed doubles of older players are always tough to find since the ATP/ITF don't mention them. I dug his up though and entered them in the infobox. he actually played very few. Fyunck(click) (talk) 09:38, 4 March 2015 (UTC)

Davis Cup
Tennis Hall of fame website lists Rosewall as 4-time Davis Cup champion. This article lists only three titles. Who's right? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:49, 23 June 2016 (UTC)
 * ✅ He contributed to the 1973 Davis Cup win by playing a doubles match in the semifinal so that year has been added to the infobox.--Wolbo (talk) 10:42, 9 June 2018 (UTC)

TOC
According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tournament_of_Champions_(tennis) he won it in '68 - but it was different than in the decade before. Still change his result record to W? 2A02:2788:1004:4D:595B:D524:7E62:867E (talk) 20:23, 12 September 2016 (UTC)
 * ✅ I fixed it in the infobox. The table should have no mention since it was not a pro-slam. Fyunck(click) (talk) 20:50, 12 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Scores
What is the policy on numerical scores? I have been told that no numerical scores are allowed. There are many numerical scores in this article, should they be removed? Signed. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:29, 19 June 2019 (UTC)TennisFan
 * There is no wikipedia "policy" on scores. The usual guideline for scores is do not have them in prose unless they are an amazing record of some sort. Since the match or matches should have a proper source, or at least a tournament source if not a match source, then readers can get that detail from the source. So the best thing to do would be to make sure the paragraph is sourced properly and then remove the scores. You'd say he won in four sets rather than a set of scores. Fyunck(click) (talk) 04:22, 19 June 2019 (UTC)

TennisFan[ Thank you, Fyunck. I will proceed to edit the large number of numerical scores on the Rosewall page.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:01, 22 June 2019 (UTC)TennisFan

Pro Grand Slam
The concept of the Pro Grand Slam in the pre-Open era is anachronistic, the players did not mention the idea, the press

did not mention the idea, and it was a concept apparently developed only some years after the old pro era had ended.

It has no basis in tennis history, and if it used in discussing tennis records, it should be qualified by some

disclaimer such as "unacknowledged" to reflect the lack of awareness at the time of such a concept.

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:07, 22 June 2019 (UTC)TennisFan

 * I agree. I grew up in a tennis and Ken Rosewall loving family, and I've never heard nor seen the term. Too many slams these days. HiLo48 (talk) 05:17, 22 June 2019 (UTC)
 * True. However the same could be said of the term Grand Slam when it first happened. And today we often talk of Grand Slam as one of the four majors, but that never happened before the 1980s so I guess we'd have to put disclaimers on those records also. Terminology and concepts change. Shall we put disclaimers on totals of majors won today when we compare them in a list of players from the 30s? Those events didn't mean as much then so players often skipped them. helen Wills would surely have won a Grand Slam many times and her total of majors would have been off the charts ridiculous at something like 35-40. But no, we simply put them in a chart with others and say she only won 19 majors and never won a Grand Slam. We often use contemporary comparisons of older records. Fyunck(click) (talk) 08:28, 22 June 2019 (UTC)
 * And I often find them quite misleading and silly. I read the other day that Ash Barty had won her first Grand Slam, and wondered what we'll call it when she wins four in one year. HiLo48 (talk) 10:00, 22 June 2019 (UTC)
 * It's the English language, and I guess there's not a lot we can do about it. It starts out as an error but if enough people start using it, it becomes the norm. Fyunck(click) (talk) 17:27, 22 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I still wonder what we'll call it when she wins four in one year. HiLo48 (talk) 02:52, 23 June 2019 (UTC)

[TennisFan] If we start exporting our own contemporary terminology and applying it to historical events, we risk giving a misleading impression as to how those events were viewed and understood AT THE TIME. Historical discussion should use the terminology and understanding of the era being examined.

The Grand Slam did have a historical meaning, being coined by the press in 1933 to describe Crawford's near win of all four national majors of the time. It had already been used by the press to describe Bobby Jones' four major golf wins (different tournaments from today's golf Grand Slam) in 1930. It is possible that Vines in 1933 and Perry in several of the mid 1930's seasons attempted to win the four major national titles of that era. Budge and Laver won Grand Slams in 1938 and 1962 which were highly touted in the press of the day.

So the term Grand Slam was well known in 1963 and COULD have been used to describe Rosewall's 1963 season IF anyone had thought of it as a comparable Grand Slam to the amateur concept. But no one did, not Rosewall himself, the press, the other players...no one.

Part of the challenge of the GS is the necessity to play on three different types of grass Australian, Wimbledon, Forest Hills, plus the major clay venue for red clay at Roland Garros.

There was nothing in the pro game in 1963 which corresponded to Roland Garros, the French Pro was indoor on wood. So the major distinctive of the tennis GS was missing from the pro tennis season, and no one thought of it as a GS season for Rosewall.

The so-called "Pro Grand Slam" was unknown to the players, and it was not something which the players themselves aspired to or attempted to win, it would be only an accident if they fulfilled some later idea of a pro GS. Therefore, it was not a part of the pro season, the players did not gear their games to achieve a pro GS. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:30, 22 June 2019 (UTC)

Further, there was no general agreement as to which specific tournaments would be included in a pro tennis GS. Laver in 1964 specified several pro events as "important", but that list was well above the arbitrary limit of three which is assumed here for a supposed pro GS. Some proposed pro tennis majors, Wembley, U.S. Pro, French Pro either did not exist in many years, or were subject to itinerant lives, travelling from venue to venue without official recognition. In some years, these three events were not the most important pro tournaments in terms of money or recognition. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:32, 22 June 2019 (UTC)

Using the term Grand Slam today for the 1963 season retrospectively is an anachronistic historical error. If some contemporary reference to the proposed 1963 Pro Grand Slam could be found either in the press or contemporary interviews or statements by Rosewall or other players, that would justify using the term in this context. But that level of requirement is not met here, and no matter how low the bar is set, this concept fails to meet it.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:12, 22 June 2019 (UTC)TennisFan
 * The tennis world, and I assume many sports, is always applying today's terms to yesterdays news. Gordon Lowe didn't know he was playing in one of the four Majors when he won the 1915 Australasian Championships. But in later years that's the category history has put him in. Career Grand Slams? Doris Hart won one but probably never knew it. Non-Calendar year Grand Slams? Unheard of at the time but Maureen Connolly did it and no one cared. The ATP didn't exist until 1972, yet 40 years later they start including records from 1968 as ATP records. Retroactive awards happen all the time and to single out the three most prestigious pro tournaments seems unfair. Fyunck(click) (talk) 20:33, 22 June 2019 (UTC)

 * TennisFan [Fyunck,In your other examples, there was some level of continuity in the titles. In the case of the old pro tour, the titles ceased to exist when Open tennis arrived, and the discontinuity between the old pro circuit with its small fields and indoor venues, with no clay surfaces after 1962, compared to the traditional majors with major outdoor stadiums, large fields, and a complete variety of major surfaces is so stark and drastic as to preclude any reasonable comparison.  To suggest some comparability by using the Grand Slam label is preposterous.

 * Further, the suggested Pro GS events were not always played, and when played were often overshadowed by superior pro tournaments with more prestige, traditional outdoor major venues, and more money.

 * At the very least, it should be recognized that the identity of the most prestigious pro events changed from year to year, and thus the idea that there was a continuous series of regular pro majors is not sustainable. The real motivation for suggesting the idea of pro majors only occurred after the fact, perhaps by Bowers, who admitted that it was a controversial idea, in an attempt to revive interest in the old pro era by creating an idea similar to the post-1968 GS popularized by Laver in 1969. A rather transparent effort, but completely artificial.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:40, 23 June 2019 (UTC)TennisFan.

 * (edit conflict) Look, I don't make the rules. We source it. If the ATP and press want to do retro-work on tennis info, and you don't like it, that's your problem. My guess is they will continue to do it. I can't help what the press and media write these days. Fyunck(click) (talk) 04:55, 23 June 2019 (UTC)

 * Comment:Three reliable sources the New york Times reported in 2009 winning all three pro slams in the same calendar year was considered (I assume Mr Anderson meant at the time) achieving the pro Grand Slam. And John Bercows book chapter on Rod Laver, won the Pro Slam in 1967. Tennis Australia governing body Laver capturing https://www.tennis.com.au/news/2012/09/28/friday-10-to-1-lavers-greatest-moments the Pro Slam in 1967. An interview by Laver himself with Martin Herman, Reuters June 2017 is very interesting analysis of his own game and despite winning the calendar Grand Slam in 1962 when he started to play the pro tour he realized how bad his game was. Two interesting quotes from him " “I know that a lot of amateur officials and players thought that the pros couldn’t be very good because we just played against ourselves all the time... so I told them they shouldn’t believe that" and “The pros were tough and fast and you needed a big first serve and good second serve. You had to play more of a percentage game that we see today. As an amateur you didn’t need to do that and you would still win".--Navops47 (talk) 04:43, 23 June 2019 (UTC)
 * But what is a pro slam? HiLo48 (talk) 04:53, 23 June 2019 (UTC)
 * See Grand Slam article. Fyunck(click) (talk) 04:58, 23 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Won all three Pro slams Wembley Pro, French Pro and US Pro same calendar year. Source: Robertson, Max (1974). Encyclopedia of Tennis. pp. 60–71.--Navops47 (talk) 05:03, 23 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Well, thanks, but things seem to be getting a bit circular here. That wording says - "was considered to achieve a "Professional Grand Slam", or "Pro Slam"." No, he definitely wasn't. Not at the time. And that's part of our problem here. Some people NOW describe it that way, but not back then. So they NOT considered to have done that. HiLo48 (talk) 05:12, 23 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Instead of disputing the sources given please provide a reliable sources that you can link to that we can see that to verifies they were not considered that at all many thanks.--Navops47 (talk) 05:23, 23 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I can't see a source that supports what the article says. HiLo48 (talk) 05:27, 23 June 2019 (UTC)

TennisFan Navops47, you mention Laver and his supposed Pro GS, but NOT ONCE did Laver himself ever claim to have won something called the "Pro GS", so you must admit that if Laver won something like this, Laver himself was completely unaware of it. Laver in his autobio gave lists of "important" professional tournaments that he won each year, but that list went well beyond the so-called three Pro GS events. The whole concept of Pro GS is in conflict with pro tennis history. The three Pro GS events were not the most important pro tennis tournaments, not even close. Probably the six TOC events were the biggest events in status and money, and the 1967 Wimbledon Pro, which offered much more prestige and money, prestige outdoor stadiums, not the smoky indoor wood of Wembley or Stad Coubertin. By giving emphasis to those indoor wood events, we get a distorted picture of what really constituted important professional tennis.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:45, 23 June 2019 (UTC)TennisFan
 * Well that's interesting because historian Bud Collins says you are full of condensed all-soup. He said the three events that the outcast pros held dearest were the US Pro, French Pro, and Wembley. Somehow I'll take his word over an anonymous IP. Fyunck(click) (talk) 05:50, 23 June 2019 (UTC)
 * That's all very interesting but as I said to the previous editor you need to provide sources contrary to the statements already given in sources that meet Verifiability and support what your commenting about many thanks.--Navops47 (talk) 05:55, 23 June 2019 (UTC)

TennisFan] I will take Laver's own statements as to what constituted important events in HIS OWN career over those of any tennis writer. It appears that Bowers was probably the creator of the "Pro GS" concept, and that was well after the end of the old pro tennis era, and Bowers even admitted that this was a controversial idea. That alone should cause us to pause and reconsider. Collins made some odd choices in his own lists, especially on the U.S. Pro, so I am not regarding Collins as the Bible of tennis history. Sorry. The official expert on Laver's career is Laver himself, not a freewheeling writer.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk)TennisFan —Preceding undated comment added 06:13, 23 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Hello the point here simply is this if the term Pro Grand Slam or Pro Slam is found in a reliable source book, newspaper, news agency, official governing body of the sport concerned you can include it.
 * What counts as a reliable source

Further information: Wikipedia:Reliable sources The word "source" when citing sources on Wikipedia has three related meanings:

 * 1) The piece of work itself (the article, book)
 * 2) The creator of the work (the writer, journalist)
 * 3) The publisher of the work

What I provided to meet those three key points from one reliable source was.
 * 1) New York Times Sports Article on (Tennis)
 * 2) New Times Sports Journalist (Tennis)
 * 3) The New York Times Company an American mass media company and publisher of the NY Times.

My suggestion is you still need to provide reliable sources per the first 3 guidelines that support what your saying I'm all for improving articles thanks.--Navops47 (talk) 06:35, 23 June 2019 (UTC)

 * It's virtually impossible to provide a source that says a particular expression was NOT used to mean something at a particular time, written at that time. But I know it's the case here. HiLo48 (talk) 06:43, 23 June 2019 (UTC)

TennisFan] There cannot be any reasonable doubt that Laver would have mentioned the purported Pro GS of 1967 in his autobiography (ghosted by Collins) if he had been aware of it or considered it to be of any significance, that is just common sense. It is an argument from silence, but sometimes arguments from silence are deafeningly loud and persuasive.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk)TennisFan —Preceding undated comment added 09:34, 23 June 2019 (UTC)

World Championships 1946-1968
In the era we are discussing, it was generally accepted that the title of "world champion" was awarded to the winner of the world championship tours arranged by Kramer.

Post 1963, the world championship title was awarded to the winner of the extended tournament series which the pros conducted.

There is no controversy about this in the literature.

Some media reports would off-handedly refer to the Forest Hills TOC winner as "world pro champion", the Cleveland World Pro was billed as a world championship, Wembley was billed as a world championship, and Roland Garros Pro was billed as a world championship, but those claims were never pursued consistently by the media.

It was always the winner of the Kramer world tour who could legitimately claim the title of world champion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:05, 29 June 2019 (UTC) <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:11, 29 June 2019 (UTC)Tennis Fan
 * Looking at newspaper accounts, none of those things allowed anyone to claim a "world champion" title. The press just parroted what the event said. So there is controversy of this in literature. Tournaments had more prestige than a traveling tour. And usually, if anyone got heavy press as a world champion, it was the amateurs who won Wimbledon and the US Championships. Fyunck(click) (talk) 00:35, 29 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Agreed. And it would be nice if the OP could actually provide links to that "literature", and evidence of it being "generally accepted". I lived through those years, and don't recall anything about it. HiLo48 (talk) 01:35, 29 June 2019 (UTC)

 * Yes in fact there was a lot of controversy about this in the contemporary literature. The PLTA named Segura as #1 in 1951 for winning at US Pro, and did not even rank Kramer due to "insufficient data" -- despite Kramer's World Series win (over Segura himself!)  A tennis magazine, The Racquet, wrote in early '52:  "Despite the fact that Kramer topped him on that tour, Pancho has since then successfully defended his [US Pro] title and is still regarded by officials as the first ranking player of the world."  Gonzalez said he had the rating of #1 for 1953, and that was the year that Kramer beat Sedgman in the World Series: but Gonzalez could claim #1 because Jack March ranked him #1 and declared him world champion for winning the World Pro Champs in Cleveland.  Jack March had his own "official" rankings, based on his tournament, just as PLTA had their own, based on the US Pro.  In '56 March told World Tennis that French Pro was wrong to bill itself as World Pro:  "There is only one World Professional tournament.  It has been played in Cleveland for the last six years for a $10,000 purse."  Kramer then aped March in late '58 when he was quoted in World Tennis:  "When Jake was asked which of the many 'World Professional Championships' he considered deserved the title, he replied 'Forest Hills, Los Angeles, Melbourne and Sydney.' The four tournaments are under Kramer’s aegis. Among those not mentioned were Wembley, and Jack March’s World Pro event in Cleveland."

 * Kramer and March did this a lot, going back and forth, each claiming only their own tournaments as legitimate World Pro Championships. Nothing about the World Series, in these exchanges -- though of course the World Series billed itself as conferring the world title.  But so did a lot of tournaments, most prominently Cleveland/US Pro, French Pro and Wembley.  A Barcelona newspaper, La Vanguardia, even said that though Gonzales was the true #1 for 1957, Ken Rosewall was "officially" #1 ("oficialmente," in Spanish), because he won Wembley.  And Gonzalez had beaten him in the World Series that same year!  (This is a little like Segura losing to Kramer in the '51 WS but getting an official nod from the PLTA as #1).  Wembley seems to have had some type of official sanction as the world pro championship (this needs to be investigated and sourced if possible).

 * In '64 when Laver took the Wembley title from Rosewall, who had held it since 1960, the British press said that Ken had been world champion since 1960.

 * In 1961, as I mentioned, the NY Times reported, the day after Ken beat Pancho in the World Pro Championships/French Pro at Roland Garros, that Gonzalez had lost his title in Paris to Rosewall.

 * Then in 1964, the press in South Africa quoted the players as saying: "It is generally accepted that the major tournament on the annual international circuit decides the world championship for that year.  This year it was the Wembley tournament in London, which Laver won."  So with Laver getting those accolades as world pro champion, but Rosewall still ahead in the pro ranking system of points, the players themselves decided to set up a Challenge Match between Rod and Ken:  and this event thus became a World Pro Championship.  It was even in some sense official, since it was agreed upon by all the Kramer pros -- though Jack March still held his Cleveland World Pro event in '64, won by Gonzalez, and still, no doubt, regarded Gonzalez as the true world champion.  In later years Gonzalez is sometimes named as world pro champion from 1953 (the first year he won Cleveland) through 1964 (the last year he won it).

 * The whole pro scene was filled with claims of world pro championships -- though in general it was only US Pro/Cleveland, French Pro and Wembley that took on that title. And the World Series too, of course.  The WS was surely the single most important event, as we judge it today -- but that doesn't mean there was anything "official" about it. Krosero (talk) 02:52, 29 June 2019 (UTC)

 * [TennisFan]. It was not a chaos of world titles, however. There were two divisions, the Kramer tours (and Kramer owned the contracts of all 12 top professional tennis players) and the events outside the Kramer tour.

 * The conflict exists only in one way, between Kramer's official Tennis Inc. world championship title, awarded to the winner of the world series (which usually was played only in the U.S., not internationally), and those tournaments outside the Kramer management (Wembley, Roland Garros, Cleveland) all of which tried to affix the "world championship" rubric to their own tournament.

 * Because Kramer owned the contracts of all the touring pros, his designation of "world championship" bears the greatest weight, although these world series were often between only two players, and not necessarily the top two players.

 * So it makes sense to distinguish between "official (Tennis Inc.) world champion" and "world No. 1", who might be a different player.

 * I would not be distracted by the use of "world championship" for a single tournament, especially since the most prestigious and lucrative pro tournaments were inside the Kramer tour, and Kramer himself designated four of them as the pro majors, Forest Hills, Kooyong, Sydney, L.A. Masters. It is worth noting that in 1958, there were two Masters titles, one in L.A. won by Segura, and the other in Sydney, won by Sedgman (a $21,000 money pot).<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:52, 29 June 2019 (UTC)TennisFan

Removal for lack of citation
TennisFan..... There is a lot of material which has been on this page for a long time without citation, so I think that it is time to remove it. Recently, some of my additions have been deleted immediately, and with a stern warning, for lack of citation. So, what is the policy?<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:01, 1 July 2019 (UTC)TennisFan
 * Usually, if things have been longstanding, we would put a tag next to the offending statement. If that's been on awhile then it can certainly be removed, but only if it's obvious that it's incorrect. And you have tried to find a source. Things were more lax years ago. Today, you should include the source to anything that could be challenged, right away. Lest it be removed right away. Fyunck(click) (talk) 19:16, 1 July 2019 (UTC)

Fyunck that is more or less what I would have said, if I could have logged on earlier, before the material was deleted. If a user today writes something in the article and it's challenged or deleted, that's different, because the user is active and can defend his material as he wishes, and if he can. But this older material, I'm not 100% certain who wrote it but I've seen it here for many years and if I'm right it was written by a user who is no longer active here. Some of the material looks to me like it may come from French-language books/sources, which are not exactly easy to find: all the more reason not to be so hasty in removing the material. At least a warning should be given -- and as you said, a sincere attempt to look for the source should be made (and then only if it's obviously incorrect, as you said). The passage from 1961 that was deleted, containing several names which gave the year to Rosewall, would have needed several citations -- one for each person rating Rosewall #1 -- in order to be fully cited. Yet the passage was deleted wholesale, as if every single name was judged to be unsourceable. To my mind that kind of editing is the very definition of disruptive (rather than constructive) editing. Krosero (talk) 21:17, 1 July 2019 (UTC)

 * edits in the last day by <IP_ADDRESS> --

 * -removed a surface H2H breakdown in the Gonzales article that had a citation and was verifiable

 * -removed Robert Geist as one of the names that rated Rosewall #1 in 1961 (in the Rosewall article), on grounds of being self-published, even though Geist's rating can be sourced to his article, GOAT With Muscles, published in TennisWeek in July 2009

 * -removed a statement in the lead of the Rosewall article for being "vague" ("Rosewall was one of the two best male players for about nine years and was the World No. 1 player for a number of years in the early 1960s"), even though that is not incorrect information, merely disputable in details (as all YE #1 debates are); and vagueness is not inappropriate for articles about the old pro tour which almost never had official rankings and in which players commonly shared YE #1 accolades across the tennis world

 * -removed the statement about Rosewall winning the pro Grand Slam on three different surfaces, after more than one user voted to keep the Pro Grand Slam in the article (and it's present in other Wiki tennis articles; and source-able in the TennisWeek article mentioned above, as well as other sources)

 * -put a "citation needed" note on the statement that Rosewall was the first in the Open Era to win a Grand Slam title without dropping a set, at 1971 AO, even though that is not incorrect information and is arguably common tennis knowledge (it is on Wiki and other sites and is easily falsifiable/verifiable)

 * As I said above, destroying material without first confirming that it is incorrect, and even in some cases when it is directly sourced/cited, is aggressive and disruptive editing.

 * And there were so many reversions of other people's material in the last 24 hours, if I go in and revert these deletions, will I be breaking the 3-revert rule? That's a sincere question to the mods here, I really am asking for guidance. Krosero (talk) 21:14, 2 July 2019 (UTC)

[TennisFan].....There should be rules that are applied consistently, we should not have different rules for different players, that would be a biased result. If there are sources, then the citations should be given. Just looking at a statement does not tell me or anyone how old the statement is, and if we have different rules for different statements depending upon how old they are, it makes it very difficult to edit the article.

If records are being claimed, there should be a citation, or at least some indication that such a record is acknowledged in the record books. Otherwise, we could make up records for all kinds of things. There should be a requirement that before a record is attributed to a player, that record should be shown to exist, it should be in a record book. Otherwise, we have nonsense, every player can be attributed records which do not exist. I have never heard of this supposed record of holding 3 pro slams on different surfaces simultaneously, this is a non-existent record.

Now, Hoad was the youngest player to win 3 Grand Slam titles, but that record was removed from the Hoad page because there was no indication that it existed in a record book. We should be consistent in our application of rules. Whatever the rules are, they should be applied.

I agree that material should not be removed without giving a chance to find a citation, but I have understood that the practice here is not always that way. There should be a consistent approach.

The "vague" statements there were so vague as to lack clear definition as to which years are being referred to, surely, the years could have been identified, otherwise the information is without value.

I have removed some statements of some people which were only personal opinions or which used aggressive language (such as "revenge"). This may be distressful to some people, but it was necessary to conform to the rules. The results will improve the worth of the article. Hopefully in the future, editors will refrain from overburdening an article such as this with personal opinions and aggressive language. This is not "wrestlemania". <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:15, 2 July 2019 (UTC)TennisFan
 * Just commenting on the records section, because on that we agree. Djokovic, Federer, and Nadal all have these piles of records that no one has heard of. If there is a record of most Majors won on a Monday while eating a popsicle and we have a single source for it, then ok. But we should have a source for it before we add it. Fyunck(click) (talk) 04:51, 3 July 2019 (UTC)

[TennisFan.......Completely agree, Fyunck.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:28, 7 July 2019 (UTC)TennisFan

Rosewall and TOC
Rosewall's TOC win in 1968 has been replaced in the infobox by the 1958 TOC final showing (actually runner-up in a RR). In the Segura article we have included his TOC win in the Timeline section. In those late fifties years, the TOC was usually the foremost tournament of the year, although not a retro Pro Slam. Should we include TOC in the timeline for the players who won them? It seems logical for Segura, who regarded his TOC win as his greatest tournament win.Tennisedu (talk) 19:25, 21 July 2021 (UTC)
 * First you brought up infobox and then timeline. What exactly are we talking about? The infobox would contain the TOC up to the Open Era. For the timeline it depends on whether or not they have a career statistics article. Standard practice for all tennis players is once they have a career statistics article their main page gets limited to Grand Slam tournament/Pro Slam tournament timeline only. The career stats article timeline takes care of the rest. If they don't have a career stats article then the player's timeline would be more inclusive. Segura does not have a career statistics article and Rosewall does. It should absolutely be in Rosewall's career statistics article. Fyunck(click) (talk) 19:42, 21 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Okay, so that is the distinction. We will try going with that.Tennisedu (talk) 00:05, 22 July 2021 (UTC)
 * It would actually be great if Segura would have a career stats article, like Rosewall, with a list of all wins and losses. Far too few of our players from the past have them. Fyunck(click) (talk) 04:15, 22 July 2021 (UTC)

Rosewall vs Laver rivalry
The term 'biased' in this discussion is not needed and potentially misleading as to cause. The actual total in favour of Laver for the Open Era is clear but the all time record is not due to the way it is worded. Antipodenz (talk) 08:04, 26 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Removed entire sentence. Fyunck(click) (talk) 08:23, 26 September 2021 (UTC)

Doubles results
We have included Rosewall's doubles results in the header for this article. I have been told that doubles results do not belong there. What is our policy on this?Tennisedu (talk) 01:05, 20 November 2021 (UTC)

Inflation-adjusted prize money?
It's hard to interpret prize money from about 70-odd years ago. Is there a list of his cash finishes? If so, we can inflation-adjust these prizes to modern-day outputs to give at least a ballpark estimate of the winnings in modern terms. Electricmaster (talk) 04:58, 28 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ken Rosewall


text:
C Programming/Networking in UNIX

Network programming under UNIX is relatively simple in C.

This guide assumes you already have a good general idea about C, UNIX and networks.

A simple client
To start with, we'll look at one of the simplest things you can do: initialize a stream connection and receive a message from a remote server.

This is the very bare bones of a client; in practice, we would check every function that we call for failure, however, error checking has been left out for clarity.

As you can see, the code mainly revolves around  which is a struct of type. This struct stores information about the machine we want to connect to.

The  function tells our OS that we want a file descriptor for a socket which we can use for a network stream connection; what the parameters mean is mostly irrelevant for now.

Now we get on to the interesting part:

The first line uses  to zero the struct.

The second line sets the address family. This should be the same value that was passed as the first parameter to ; for most purposes   will serve.

The third line is where we set the IP of the machine we need to connect to. The variable  is just an integer stored in Big Endian format, but we don't have to know that as the   function will do the conversion from string into Big Endian integer for us.

The fourth line sets the destination port number. The  function converts the port number into a Big Endian short integer. If your program is going to be run solely on machines which use Big Endian numbers as default then  would work just as well. However, for portability reasons  should always be used.

Now that all of the preliminary work is done, we can actually make the connection and use it:

This tells our OS to use the socket  to create a connection to the machine specified in.

Now this receives up to  bytes of data from the connection and stores them in the buffer string. The number of characters received is returned by. It is important to note that the data received will not automatically be null terminated when stored in the buffer, so we need to do it ourselves with.

And that's about it!

The next step after learning how to receive data is learning how to send it. If you've understood the previous section then this is quite easy. All you have to do is use the  function, which uses the same parameters as. If in our previous example  had the text we wanted to send and its length was stored in   we would write. returns the number of bytes that were sent. It is important to remember that, for various reasons, may not be able to send all of the bytes, so it is important to check that its return value is equal to the number of bytes you tried to send. In most cases this can be resolved by resending the unsent data.

A simple server
Superficially, this is very similar to the client. The first important difference is that rather than creating a  with information about the machine we're connecting to, we create it with information about the server, and then we   it to the socket. This allows the machine to know the data received on the port specified in the  should be handled by our specified socket.

The  function then tells our program to start listening using the given socket. The second parameter of  allows us to specify the maximum number of connections that can be queued. Each time a connection is made to the server it is added to the queue. We take connections from the queue using the  function. If there is no connection waiting on the queue the program waits until a connection is received. The  function returns another socket. This socket is essentially a "session" socket, and can be used solely for communicating with connection we took off the queue. The original socket continues to listen on the specified port for further connections.

Once we have "session" socket we can handle it in the same way as with the client, using  and   to handle data transfers.

Note that this server can only accept one connection at a time; if you want to simultaneously handle multiple clients then you'll need to  off separate processes, or use threads, to handle the connections.

Useful network functions
The parameters are a pointer to an array of chars and the size of that array. If possible, it finds the hostname and stores it in the array. On failure it returns -1.

This function obtains information about a domain name and stores it in a  struct. The most useful part of a  structure is the   field, which is a null terminated array of the IP addresses associated with that domain. The field  is a pointer to the first IP address in the   array. Returns  on failure.

What about stateless connections?
If you don't want to exploit the properties of TCP in your program and would rather just use a UDP connection, then you can just replace  with   in your call to   and use the result in the same way. It is important to remember that UDP does not guarantee delivery of packets and order of delivery, so checking is important.

If you want to exploit the properties of UDP, then you can use  and , which operate like   and   except you need to provide extra parameters specifying who you are communicating with.

How do I check for errors?
The functions,   and   all return -1 on failure and use errno for further details.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: C Programming/Networking in UNIX


text:
番組

Etymology
Compound of and, with the latter voiced as it is used as a suffix.

Noun

 * 1)  program; programming

title: 番組


text:
John Rote

John Rote (March 24, 1928 – February 13, 2017) was an American field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

title: John Rote


text:
Web Design/Basic HTML and CSS Tutorial

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language and is composed of many things called tags. An example of a tag is <tag>. Tags are used to tell a browser how to format text, mark different areas, and other thing. However, more recently many HTML formatting tags such as the <font> tag have been removed from HTML in favour of CSS. CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. We will go over that later in this chapter.

Basic HTML
Now you have to close the head of you document. That's right you need to add a </head> tag. Now you need to create a body. The body is where the content that the browser displays exists. To make it you need a <body> tag. Now we need to close our body and end the HTML Document and a </body> then a </html> tag to your document. Now between the <body> tags type some text and save your document. When you save you document save it as "index.html". Now that it is saved load up you HTML file in a browser.

There you have created a web page. Go pat yourself on the back. It may not be much yet but you will learn more in the next chapter.

title: Web Design/Basic HTML and CSS Tutorial


text:
User:Stevieknocks/Sample page

Music Producer Stevieknocks was Born in Lynwood California and Raised in Compton California. Stevieknocks was inspired by so many legends in the music business since the age of 7 years old, Producers such as Dr Dre, Swiss Beatz, Scott Storch and many more. Stevieknocks has worked with Strick From YSL, Og Maco , Billyracxx ,Super Producer Deko ,Super Producer Xeryusg ,Don Benjamin , Grammy Award winning Singer Songwriter Andre Merritt , Mike Gomes and so many more. In 2015 Stevieknocks Started his own label called Still Hungry Records.

title: User:Stevieknocks/Sample page


text:
Wu Yanyan

Wu Yanyan (born November 7, 1978) is a Chinese swimmer who is the former world record holder in the women's 200 metres individual medley. Wu set the world record in a time of 2:09.72 in Shanghai at China's National Games in October 1997.

Wu first caught attention when she won China's 1996 Olympic Trials in a world-leading 2:12.87, defeating 1992 Olympic champion Lin Li into second place. She also placed 2nd in the 400 IM in a strong 4:41.20. Much like most of her teammates, however, she eventually failed at the Atlanta Games, failing to qualify for the finals of both medley events. Had she repeated her trials times in Atlanta, she could have won gold in the 200 IM and silver in the 400. In fact, her 200 IM time was over 1 second faster than Michelle Smith's winning time in Atlanta (2:13.93), and ranked first globally for 1996.

One year after the Olympics, Wu set a world record of 2:09.72 at the 1997 Chinese National Games, where she also placed 2nd in the 400 IM (4:36.28; the race was won by Chen Yan in a world record of 4:34.79) and third in the 200 back (2:10.71) and 200 fly (2:10.45). She went on to win the 200 IM at the 1998 World Championships in Perth, Australia in the 2nd fastest time ever (2:10.88), and also placed 4th in the 200 fly (2:10.22, the only Chinese swimmer to set a personal best in Perth) and 400 IM (4:40.16). After the win, her times dropped off significantly, though she managed to win the 200 IM gold at the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok, Thailand (2:15.12). She also competed in the 1999 Short Course Worlds in Hong Kong but did not medal.

Wu's performance improved suddenly at the national championships (also serving at China's Olympic Trials) in Jinan City in May 2000, where she won the 200 IM in 2:14.02 (third in the world at that time), thereby leading to growing suspicions that she was involved in doping. Soon it was confirmed that she failed to dope test following the Trials in Jinan, and she was banned for four years by the Chinese authorities. An anabolic steroid was found in her system.

The 22-year-old denied taking drugs but was immediately dropped by China's Olympic Team preparing for 2000 Summer Olympics that September, and was fined $964 by the Chinese Swimming Association. Her coach Wu Jicai was given a $482 fine and banned for one year.

Consequently, Wu Yanyan's world record, which stood for over 10.5 years, is considered a tainted one. The American Katie Hoff, who specialises in the individual medley, stated that erasing the record is "my one and only goal". Eventually, it was Australian Stephanie Rice who lowered Wu's record to 2:08.92 on March 25, 2008 at the 2008 Australian Swimming Championships. Hoff bettered the World mark later that same year, at the USA Olympic Trials.

title: Wu Yanyan


text:
Talk:Dave Peacock (musician)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Dave Peacock (musician). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110708140536/http://www.chasndave.com/archives/273 to http://www.chasndave.com/archives/273

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:10, 5 September 2017 (UTC)

Birth Name

 * Was actually christened Chas Victor Peacock but they decided Chas and Chas didn’t really have a ring to it

Is there any source for this? sheridan (talk) 19:20, 17 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dave Peacock (musician)


text:
Talk:Elocutio

The canons of rhetoric will be more searchable if the page titles are changed to English equivalent terms such as Invention, Arrangement, Style, Memory, and Delivery. Using the English terms will lead more people to find these pages. If no one objects, I will work on changing the page titles to English one at a time.ShanBendigedig1 (talk) 21:25, 18 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Elocutio


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sugar for Sugar (Robin & Linda Williams album)

The result was redirect to Robin and Linda Williams.  MBisanz  talk 03:23, 29 September 2019 (UTC)

Sugar for Sugar (Robin & Linda Williams album)

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Insufficient reliable sources after a web search to determine notability. Fails WP:NALBUM. Consider merge with Robin and Linda Williams. Willbb234Talk (please {{ping}} me in replies) 07:11, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Albums and songs-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 07:25, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of United States of America-related deletion discussions. North America1000 13:00, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Redirect to Robin and Linda Williams where the album is listed in the discography - otherwise non-notable; did not chart - there is a listing on AllMusic, but no review; I couldn't find any other reviews or evidence of notability - Epinoia (talk) 20:55, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Robin and Linda Williams per the above. Aoba47 (talk) 01:38, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Robin and Linda Williams.4meter4 (talk) 02:09, 29 September 2019 (UTC)


text:
Portal:Literary Studies

Welcome to the Department! Part of Language and Literature

 * For studies of the English Language itself, please see English Language.

Literature is literally "acquaintance with letters" as in the first sense given in the Oxford English Dictionary (from the Latin littera meaning "an individual written character (letter)"). The term has generally come to identify a collection of texts or works, which in Western culture are mainly prose, both fiction and non-fiction, drama and poetry.

Departmental Description
The study of literary texts (writing judged by a culture to be important for its aesthetic, content or contextual qualities) is an ancient discipline practiced for more than a millenium in cultures around the globe. Within conventional university courses, literary study is typically organised through recourse to a "canon" or list of literary works from the past deemed to be important for a contemporary student. However, the nature and composition of these canons has varied widely throughout the history of literary study within university, with new authors and literary forms continually being introduced alongside reconsideration of the conception and valuation of canons in general. Wikiversity's Literary Studies program offers discussions of all kinds of literature: from ancient to modern and postmodern periods, examining all kinds of writers, in order to give the wikischolar a full view of the development of human writing.

Here, we will not only focus on the analysis of literature, but also the creation of it. Towards this end, we offer both literary studies and creative writing courses in a variety of forms.

Search around below and feel free to sign up as a Wikiversity member in order to take part in classes we offer. As more instructors become interested, we'll offer more and more classes.

For those of you interested, please direct yourself to the Master Plan, which is currently 'in progress'.

How to Begin Studying Literature
1. Use the reading list links below to deepen your knowledge and/or develop your own course of study.

a. The only way to acquire a literary education is to start reading on your own. The materials here can help you, but the point of reading literature is to learn to analyze the writing and interpret the meaning(s) of the book yourself.

b. If you are a high-school graduate, you should be able to make your way through any of the texts on our reading list. If you are still in high-school go to the high school reading list for some ideas (list is under construction).

c. How to get started? Just take a look at the reading list link. Pick 3 titles that look interesting, go to the wikipedia link that tells you something about the authors, borrow the book from the library, or access it on line at Project Gutenberg, and begin.

{Little known fact: often the Ancient Literature is easier to read and understand than later literature. Try reading the Norton Anthology selections of the Iliad or the Odyssey, or portions of the world's oldest "novel", the Epic of Gilgamesh.}

2. Keep a reading journal. You should do this anytime you read a work of literature, and the process will help you become a better writer along the way. Take notes about your reading in a spiral notebook. You may take notes as you read, or wait until you've completed a chapter. Then write down your impressions of the characters, the action, the "style" (way the characters talk and the words the author uses), the feelings that the author seems to want to invoke, and the mood that s/he is trying to create.

 * Reading Lists
 * Writing Centre

Department news

 * 23 August 2006 - Department founded!

Degree plans
See: Degree plan

Streams
See: Stream plan

Literary Studies
The Department of Literary Studies aims to study, discuss, and explore the significance of textual cultures in both national and international contexts from their earliest traceable beginnings in the Middle East to the contemporary e-book and beyond. We will survey both the Western canon and the burgeoning "canon" of non-Western writings. The term "literature" is to be understood quite widely and may include such written forms as the graphic novel and the pulp novel.

Creative Writing
The basic belief of the writing department is that in order to write, one must read. The following courses should aid you in writing your own work via sections in the specific levels of writing. There are (or will be, hopefully) "instructors" in the Workshop sections to help with private writing, etc. If you have any questions, please use the discussion page within a subject or within the school.

 * Creative Fiction Workshops
 * Creative Non-fiction Workshops
 * Composition
 * Research Work
 * Biography & Autobiography
 * Journalism
 * Poetry Workshops
 * Screenwriting/Playwriting Workshops

Units
A full list of units, in alphanumeric order by course code

Get to work writing units! Simply make a link to the name of the unit (units are independent pages) and start writing! See: Unit plan

Introductions/Survey Courses
Proposed units, Literary studies stream

I. Introduction: What is Literature and Why should I care? -- geared to frustrated high-school students, high school graduates, and adults of all ages who just never quite got what the fuss was about books (but who know how to read and suspect they're missing out on something worth knowing)

reading circles and discussions around:

 * what questions should I ask myself while I'm reading?
 * how to read a poem
 * why are novels so long?
 * who decides what is trash and what is "literature"?
 * what books should you start with if you want to understand and appreciate literature?

II. Introduction to World Literature 1, 2, 3, and 4 -- this course conducts a college-level historical survey of some of the most recognized, controversial, influential and sometimes banned written work from around the world.

World Literature 1 -- the Ancient World to the Western Middle Ages

World Literature 2 -- The Western Middle Ages to the 18th Century

World Literature 3 -- Literatures of the European Enlightenment Project, the emergence of colonial literature in the 2nd and 3rd worlds, and the literatures of global industrialization

World Literature 4 -- the 20th and 21st Centuries

Advanced Literary Studies
A. some possible learning circles involving theories of literature include:

 * basic lit theory learning circle -- textual criticism and introductions to aesthetics

 * learning circle on race, gender and class -- feminist and minority criticism; marxist and post-marxist approaches to literature

 * learning circle on structuralism and semiotics -- theories of language and their relationship to the study of literature and semiotics (the science of signs).

 * learning circle on psychological and psychoanalytic approaches to literature -- from Aristotle to Zizek

B. Literature-specific learning circles may revolve around themes, historical moments, national movements, specific authors, and/or problems:

 * The environment in contemporary world literature
 * Literature of the Napoleonic Wars
 * Dada and Surrealism
 * James Baldwin and Gertrude Stein
 * War and Peace in African Literature

Undergraduate

 * LS100 - Introduction to Literary Study
 * LS100A - Introduction to Literary Studies --yangjustinc
 * LS101C - Rhetoric and Composition I
 * LS_1102C - Rhetoric and Composition II
 * LS 3000 - Introduction to English Studies
 * LS 3320 - Shakespeare and the Renaissance
 * LS 3320A - Shakespeare and the Renaissance
 * LS 3600C - Advanced Composition -- JustinLillich
 * LS 3610W - Introduction to Fiction
 * LS 3655C - Web Writing -- JustinLillich
 * LS 3700R - Advanced Rhetoric -- JustinLillich
 * LS 375CR - Introduction to Creative Writing --
 * LS 3810C - Introduction to Technical Writing -- JustinLillich
 * LS 4400W - Introduction to World Literature
 * LS 4401W - Topics In World Literature
 * LS 4410F - French Literature
 * LS 4420R - Russian Literature
 * LS 4430AS - Asian Literature
 * LS 4440C - Canadian Literature -- measly pawn
 * LS 4500E - Special Topics In Literature and English Studies
 * LS 4501E - T. S. Eliot -- Timothy J Scriven
 * LS 4590E - Topics in Nineteenth-Century British Literature
 * LS 5000E - 20th Century British Poetry --
 * LS 5001E - 20th Century British Novel --
 * ALTU???: J.R.R. Tolkien -- Malecasta
 * LS 5002AM - 20th Century American Poetry --
 * LS 4780AM - Twentieth-Century American Novel -- bobthebookworm
 * LS 4790AM - Topics in American Literature
 * LS 4791AM - Political Fiction of the 20th Century -- JustinLillich
 * ALTU???: Edgar Allan Poe -- measly pawn
 * Engl 4800 - Topics in Advanced Creative Writing
 * Engl 4800 - Poetry --
 * Engl 4800 - Fiction -- JustinLillich
 * Engl 4990 - Senior Seminar and Thesis Class
 * Engl 4990 - 20th Century Poetry --
 * Nonkilling Linguistics

Graduate

 * Engl 5000 - Introduction to Topics in English
 * ALTG???: Epic Poetry
 * ALTG???: Romantic Poetry
 * William Blake -- measly pawn
 * ALTG???: Victorian Poetry
 * ALTG???: Modernist Poetry
 * ALTG???: Postmodern Poetry
 * Engl 5150 - Contemporary Poetry
 * Engl 5800 - Writing Workshops
 * Workshops Available
 * JustinLillich
 * [[User:JustinLillich#Monday|Monday
 * Nonkilling Linguistics

Introductions/Survey Courses

 * English Literature Until 1700
 * English Literature From 1700
 * American Literature Until 1865
 * American Literature From 1865
 * English Postmodernist Literature -- measly pawn
 * Multicultural Literature In America

Advanced Literary Studies

 * English Literature
 * Anglo Saxon writing
 * Medieval literature
 * The birth of the English novel
 * Georgian literature
 * Victorian literature
 * First World War poetry
 * Early 20th century English literature
 * English modernist literature
 * Shakespeare
 * American Literature
 * Early Period
 * Modern Era
 * Evolution of American Narrative Fiction -- Bobthebookworm
 * Post Colonial literature
 * Literary Theory and Criticism
 * Computer Based Literature

Creative Writing and Literature (Graduate Level)
The basic belief of the writing department is that in order to write, one must read. The following courses should aide you in writing your own work via sections in the specific levels of writing. There are (or will be, hopefully) "instructors" in the Workshop sections to help with private writing, etc. If you have any questions, please use the discussion page within a subject or within the school.

 * Creative Fiction Workshops
 * Creative Non-fiction Workshops
 * Research Work
 * Biography & Autobiography
 * Journalism
 * Technical Writing
 * Poetry Workshops
 * Screenwriting/Playwriting Workshops

Web Writing
The basic elements of writing for the web will be covered with a wide range of materials. Since the study of the internet and writing in that medium are fairly new, the course is designed as a means of trailblazing education. Those who study it now will be read in later years and the process will inevitably go from there. In this course of study, students will be covering the following:

 * Weblogs
 * Uses in the Academic Setting
 * Study of Concepts Regarding Weblogs
 * Wikis
 * Collective Educational Tools
 * The Science of Community
 * Composition with the Computer
 * Theories and Rhetoric of the Web
 * Close Reading and Editing of the Internet

Technical Writing
After you finish studying literature, you may need a job to pay back your student loans. Have a look at Technical writing.

References/Resources
Know any good resources for scholars of this topic? Add them here!

[Optional section]

Wikipedia

 * __Article Name__

Wikibooks
Works in progress - these texts are currently at __Department Name___:
 * __Textbook Name___

Web Resources

 *

Research projects
This feature of Wikiversity will be implemented later pending further discussion.

Active participants
The histories of Wikiversity pages indicate who the active participants are. If you are an active participant in this department, you can list your name here (this can help small departments grow and the participants communicate better; for large departments a list of active participants is not needed).
 * General
 * Hoopydink
 * WendyB
 * Literary Studies
 * GKLeung
 * Gwythoff
 * JustinLillich
 * Smithgrrl
 * Marleen Spierings
 * Timothy J Scriven
 * measly pawn
 * Verin Sedai
 * Jeyaganesh T S
 * yangjustinc
 * Creative Writing
 * Matt Trainer
 * Writing with Technology
 * JustinLillich

title: Portal:Literary Studies


text:
diffido

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to distrust, be diffident, be distrustful (coupled with dative of the thing or person subjected)
 * 2) to despair (of)
 * 1) to despair (of)
 * 1) to despair (of)

Usage notes
Used with the dative.

title: diffido


text:
User:Misterizzo

Misterizzo is the alias for Michael David Rizzo (Mike Rizzo).

This name came to be because Mike's first initial and last name when combined looked like "Mr. Izzo".

Clever huh?

title: User:Misterizzo


text:
Talk:Evolutionary Biology/Speciation

Changes to the chromosome set should be discussed separately from sympatric speciation! --<IP_ADDRESS> 23:08, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Evolutionary Biology/Speciation


text:
Talk:David C. Mulford

Wasps?
Is he any relation to this guy? TREKphiler  any time you're ready, Uhura  03:58, 4 September 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:David C. Mulford


text:
Talk:Derry Irvine, Baron Irvine of Lairg

Untitled
It states in the article Lord Irvine incorporated the European Convention on Human Rights into domestic law; this is incorrect as the Convention has not been incorporated into domestic law.

This page needs citations. For example, where does it say that Smith had decided Irvine would be the next Lord Chancellor? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:52, 1 November 2007 (UTC)


text:
Talk:World History/A New Millennium

POV! POV! POV! A history book is not the place for advertising New Age! - SamE 02:36, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)

found this under globalisation title
sorry, but this was way too POV, and largely irrelevant. May have some points worth using :-

"Globalisation Essay By Rweasle

This essay will say that American cultural products success in the international market reflects only the products popularity, and not that American products are popular because of the culture they stem from, that of America. It will show that this is true for several reasons. The first reason is that, due to America’s economic status, emphasis on capitalism and even the “American dream” make it an ideal place for new products to flourish and those that are exposed to the foreign markets are the best of these, leading to a sort of “commercial Darwinism’s these products success is not due to the popularity of American culture. The second reason for the success of American products in the foreign market is that the products that America exports are well managed because those who run them are well educated and are the best because of more “commercial Darwinism”. This means that American products are successful in foreign markets and this success is not because American culture is dominant. The third reason relates to American films and media. This is an area where American culture contributes to the popularity of the products, but even though this is true there are several cultures that have similar cultures (on a global scale) and compete with America.

One of the reasons American products are popular is that the products that are encountered in international markets are the best of the huge number of products created in America. An example of this is the Oreo biscuit. This product, available in many countries is one of the best of a huge number of chocolate biscuits produced in America. This excellent product would then be likely to succeed and become popular overseas. A second example is the star wars series, one of the most popular series of movies ever, came from America. One of the main reasons for the success of this movie is partly due to the fact that of all the actors, screenwriters and directors available to do star wars, some of the best were chosen and therefore this contributed to star wars’ commercial success. Both of these products are assisted by the social and commercial status of America. The social environment is capitalist and this encourages people to try to create new products. This is a manifestation of the American dream, that you can start with little and create wealth and this social atmosphere contributes to the number of people who create products, of which the best are exported and are often popular overseas. The economic status of America also contributes to the number of products that it produces. Most Americans have enough money to begin businesses and this means there are more products to export and therefore it is more likely that American products will succeed in overseas markets.

Another reason American products are popular overseas is that those who manage them are often well educated Americans. These people are well educated because of America’s economic position. Most Americans are educated and of these only the best are appointed to important jobs, so these people will be the best and commercial Darwinism will have come into play with only the best in important jobs, and as a result of this American companies are often well managed. An example of this is the head of general electric, a successful American company, Jeffrey R. Immelt who has a B.A. in applies mathematics from Dartmouth College and a M.B.A. from Harvard.

America dominates the media industry because its culture is popular and because they produce many films because they appeal to a large demographic. America does not have an extremely unique culture and is similar to Australia’s, the U.K.’s and many other western countries and the only reason the dominate this industry is because of the large pool of people who want to be involved in the media industry. Because of this America has produces many famous films and dominates the global media network. If Australia or the U.K. had as many people as America it would probably dominate the global media market because each of these countries has a large population and all these countries have similar (compared to other countries) cultures so that country would dominate the media market. America’s economic status also helps because it gives directors enough money to produce good films.

These factors show than American products dominate international markets, not because of the popularity of American culture, but because of the large population of Americans with ideas which give the industry a large number of potential products for export, including media, so only the best go overseas so these are popular. America dominates because of its economic status, which gives many Americans the capacity to go into business and, should they succeed, export their products. America’s social environment also helps make Americans more eager to go into business because of the belief that they can succeed so they are more likely to develop new products, some of which are exported and may succeed in other markets. This means that American products, except for media, are popular because they are of good quality, not because American culture is favoured over others.

note that this essay was writen for school and got 17/20 but i was told i was to left wing? --<IP_ADDRESS> 07:07, 9 May 2005 (UTC) " --Mark Lewis 19:56, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

Just wanna point out something.
This whole "Democracy" section is filled bigoted pro-US bias.

 * Agreed.

title: Talk:World History/A New Millennium


text:
JavaScript

This book is a guide to JavaScript, a scripting language widely used in web pages and web applications such as email applications. JavaScript is not to be confused with Java, which is quite a separate language for creating stand-alone applications.

''This book applies to version 1.6 and later of JavaScript. Multiple versions of JavaScript are covered in this book.''

Welcome

 * /Introduction/ (/Relation to other languages/)
 * Hello World!
 * /Placing the code/
 * /Other Script Types/

Core Language

 * /Lexical structure/
 * Automatic semicolon insertion (ASI)
 * /Reserved words/
 * /Variables and types/
 * /Numbers/
 * /Strings/
 * /Dates/
 * /Arrays/
 * /Regular expressions/
 * /Operators/
 * Program flow I: if, switch, try
 * Program flow II: loops
 * /Functions/
 * /Anonymous functions/
 * /Object-based programming/
 * /Objects/
 * /Constructors and prototypes/
 * /Inheritance/
 * /Access control/
 * /Closures/
 * /Debugging/
 * /Optimization/
 * /Strict Mode/
 * /Shell/

Document Object Model and Dynamic Websites

 * /Runtime document manipulation/
 * /Finding elements/
 * /Adding elements/
 * /Changing elements/
 * /Removing elements/
 * /Changing element styles/
 * /Event handling/
 * /W3C event handlers/
 * /Working with the mouse/
 * /Forms/
 * /Images/
 * /Cookies/
 * /LocalStorage/
 * /Design Mode/
 * /Bookmarklets/

Client-Server Programming with AJAX

 * /XMLHttpRequest/
 * /Handling HTML/
 * /Handling JSON/
 * /Handling XML/
 * /Working with files/

Miscellaneous

 * /JScript in Microsoft WSH/

Appendices

 * /Index/
 * /Links/
 * /Bookmarklets/
 * /Useful software tools/
 * /History of JavaScript/
 * /Best practices/
 * /Code structuring/
 * /Generators/
 * /Contributors/

Related books

 * ActionScript Programming
 * Authoring Webpages
 * Cascading Style Sheets
 * Coding Cookbook: JavaScript
 * HyperText Markup Language
 * Programming Ajax
 * Web Development

Wikimedia

 * JavaScript in Wikipedia
 * Web Design/An Introduction to Programming with JavaScript

de:Websiteentwicklung: JavaScript Programación en JavaScript Programmation JavaScript JavaScript JavaScript JavaScript JavaScript JavaScript JavaScript Javascript Книга JavaScript யாவாக்கிறிட்டு JavaScript JavaScript

title: JavaScript


text:
Libertad 548

Libertad 548 is the eleventh studio album by American rapper, singer and record producer Pitbull. It was released on September 27, 2019, via Mr. 305 Records. The album also features guest appearances from El Micha, Lenier, Yomil y El Dany, Becky G, Blake Shelton, Chacal, Chesca, Daddy Yankee, Flo Rida, Guru Randhawa, IAmChino, Lil Jon, Ludacris, Natti Natasha, Ne-Yo, Papayo, Prince Royce, Sky Monroe, Tito El Bambino, and Wisin & Yandel.

Libertad 548 failed to enter any major chart in any territory. It debuted at number 12 on US Billboard Top Latin Albums and number 11 on the Latin Rhythm Albums chart selling a little over 3,000 album equivalent units in its first week.

Singles
As the album's lead single, "No Lo Trates" with Daddy Yankee and Natti Natasha became RIAA Latin certified 6× platinum (360,000+ sales).

The album's second single "3 to Tango" went viral for John Travolta's surprise guest appearance in the song's official music video.

The album's third single "Me Quedaré Contigo" (with Ne-Yo featuring Lenier and El Micha) was premiered at the 2019 Latin American Music Awards, peaking at #1 on the Latin Airplay and Latin Rhythm Airplay Billboard charts in the United States.

The album's fourth single "Get Ready" featuring Blake Shelton, which was premiered live by Pitbull at the Super Bowl LIV Tailgate Tropicale pre-game show, was later added to the "Dale Más" advertising campaign for a series of pre-game Super Bowl commercials for Super Bowl LIV, and a remixed version of the single serves as the official theme song for the 2020 NASCAR Cup Series.

The album's fifth single, "Mueve La Cintura" featuring Tito El Bambino and Guru Randhawa was released on June 8, 2020. An accompanying music video, which was filmed in 2019 and directed by David Rousseau, was also premiered on that same date.

The album's sixth single, "Se La Vi" featuring IAmChino and Papayo, was released on November 27, 2020 (Black Friday). An accompanying music video, which was directed by David Rousseau, was also released on that same date. The release of this single from Libertad 548 gives the album the most singles out of any of the ten previous studio albums by Pitbull.

The album's seventh single, "Winning" featuring Yomil y El Dany, is a part of the Boost Mobile "Dale Más" advertising campaign. The official lyric video was released on December 4, 2020, on Pitbull's official YouTube channel.

The album's eighth single, "Tell Me Again" featuring Prince Royce and Ludacris, was released as a single on December 18, 2020. Accompanying the release was the official music video, directed by Gil Green in 2018. The music video primarily used excerpts from the "Quiero Saber" music video, but colorized and with additional scenes. "Tell Me Again" became the fifth single from Libertad 548 in 2020 alone, and the sixth single following the album's release in September 2019.

The album's ninth single, "Cantare" featuring Lenier, was released as a single on January 4, 2021. The song was Pitbull's first single of 2021, and was the first of the two album bonus tracks to be released as a single. The official music video, which was filmed in 2020, was released on Pitbull's official YouTube channel on that same date.

Promotional singles
The album's first and only promotional single, "Cinco de Mayo" with Lil Jon featuring Chesca, was released on May 5, 2020 (Cinco de Mayo). The promotional single was performed live with a surprise guest appearance by John Travolta at the Premio Lo Nuestro 2020 (accompanied by "3 to Tango" and "Get Ready"), accumulating over 5 million views on YouTube as of April 2022.

Other songs
"Mala" and "Moviéndolo" were released as singles in remix forms, adding new artists to the tracks. "Mala (Remix)" was released as a single on July 17, 2022, which featured De La Ghetto having his own verse. The release was later accompanied in September of the same year with a music video. "Moviéndolo (Remix)" was released as a single on October 21, 2020, adding El Alfa into the mix with his own tempo changing segue. The release was performed live by the artists at the Billboard Latin Music Awards 2020.

Track listing
Notes
 * "No Lo Trates" with Daddy Yankee and Natti Natasha interpolates "Rica y Apretadita" by El General featuring Anayca.
 * "Happy Mama Day" featuring Chacal and Sky Monroe interpolates "Everybody Everybody" by Blackbox.
 * "Get Ready" featuring Blake Shelton interpolates "Black Betty" by Ram Jam.
 * "Tell Me Again" featuring Prince Royce and Ludacris interpolates "Lovers and Friends" by Lil Jon and the East Side Boyz featuring Usher and Ludacris.
 * "Mala" featuring Becky G interpolates "Roomie" by Beenie Man.
 * "Cantaré" featuring Lenier interpolates "Volare" by Domenico Modugno.

title: Libertad 548


text:
Talk:Julie Wojta

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title: Talk:Julie Wojta


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zee Classic

The result was speedy delete G5: created by a sock of User:Cuty Pie Sweetu. NinjaRobotPirate (talk) 08:09, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

Zee Classic

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

The article was speedy deleted three times as non notable. The new version, recreated today, contains some sources, which, in my opinion, are not sufficient to establish notability. Ymblanter (talk) 16:43, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Television-related deletion discussions. Ymblanter (talk) 16:43, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. Ymblanter (talk) 16:43, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

Zee Classic is a popular television channel in India. There were no pages for it. That's why created this page with following all guidelines. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Chitra Saha (talk • contribs)


text:
Talk:Dueling Analogs

Untitled
Too tired to finish now... I doubt anyone will read this though since I made the article, oh well feel free to fill in the blanks

TO DO
 * Fill in blanks
 * Contact creator for image permissions

Is this webcomic really notable? <IP_ADDRESS> 23:56, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
 * No, not really. The lack of effort doesn't help, either. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:08, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Dueling Analogs


text:
Wikipedia:Goings-on/February 8, 2015

{| cellspacing=3 width="100%"
 * bgcolor="#fffff6" colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid black;padding-left:1em;"|

Wikipedia always has a lot going on. This page is for news and updates about existing or new projects or initiatives of Wikipedians (e.g. new Collaboration articles, WikiProject help requests or announcements of success, backlogs that really need help, etc.)

 * bgcolor="#fffff6" colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid black;padding-left:1em;"|
 * bgcolor="#fffff6" colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid black;padding-left:1em;"|

Goings-on in the week starting Sunday, February 8, 2015
 * - valign="top"
 * width=50% bgcolor="#fffff6" style="border: 1px solid black;padding-left:1em;"|

 * width=50% bgcolor="#fffff6" style="border: 1px solid black;padding-left:1em;"|

New featured content
Articles that gained featured status
 * Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within (11 Feb)
 * Brachychiton rupestris (11 Feb)
 * Interstate 8 (11 Feb)
 * Josh Hutcherson (11 Feb)
 * Girl Pat (1935 trawler) (14 Feb)
 * Fork-marked lemur (14 Feb)
 * Trinity (nuclear test) (14 Feb)
 * Sega Saturn (14 Feb)
 * Rodrigues starling (14 Feb)
 * Money in the Bank (2011) (14 Feb)
 * Casino Royale (novel) (14 Feb)
 * Laurence Olivier (14 Feb)

Lists that gained featured status

Pictures that gained featured status
 * The Surrender of Breda (8 Feb)
 * Virgin of the Rocks (9 Feb)
 * Doolittle Raid (9 Feb)
 * Mars and Venus (9 Feb)
 * Marvel Science Stories cover (10 Feb)
 * The Princess and the Trolls (10 Feb)
 * Three Arch Bay (10 Feb)
 * Charlottenburg Palace (10 Feb)
 * Miss La La at the Cirque Fernando (10 Feb)
 * Fort Pierce Inlet (11 Feb)
 * Still Life with Profile of Laval (11 Feb)
 * Newscast (11 Feb)
 * Drifting (12 Feb)
 * Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge (12 Feb)
 * April 2014 lunar eclipse (13 Feb)
 * Louis Meijer (13 Feb)
 * Parisian Women in Algerian Costume (The Harem) (13 Feb)
 * Destroy this Mad Brute: Enlist (13 Feb)
 * Barracudasauroides (14 Feb)
 * Deutsche Mark (14 Feb)
 * East German mark (14 Feb)
 * Family of Barack Obama (14 Feb)

Portals that gained featured status

Topics that gained featured status

 * bgcolor="#fffff6" colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid black; padding-left:1em;"|
 * bgcolor="#fffff6" colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid black; padding-left:1em;"|

title: Wikipedia:Goings-on/February 8, 2015


text:
Zungri

Zungri (Calabrian: Zzungàri) is a comune and town in Calabria, in southern Italy, in the province of Vibo Valentia.

title: Zungri


text:
Talk:Wind Rose (band)

Disambiguation
There is also a Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_rose so I suggest that disambiguation is needed ("A wind rose is a graphic tool used by meteorologists to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction ...") JRGp (talk) 21:22, 14 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wind Rose (band)


text:
Michigan's 99th House of Representatives district

Michigan's 99th House of Representatives district (also referred to as Michigan's 99th House district) is a legislative district within the Michigan House of Representatives located in parts of Bay, Clare, and Gladwin counties, as well as all of the Arenac, Iosco, and Ogemaw counties. The district was created in 1965, when the Michigan House of Representatives district naming scheme changed from a county-based system to a numerical one. The district lines were redrawn to now consist of Iosco, Ogemaw and Arenac counties in their entirety and portions of Bay, Clare and Gladwin counties.


text:
Panisagar

Panisagar is a town and a Nagar panchayat in North Tripura district in the state of Tripura, India. It is also the headquarters of Panisagar Tehsil.This is one of the Government undertaking Platform ANE Foundation 🇮🇳 Founder and CEO Mr AMLAN NATH Official Address found 799260 LA STATE OPEN CAMP D1

Geography
It has an average elevation of 45 metres above sea level. The town is connected to Dharmanagar and Kailasahar with metalled roads. It can be accessed from the capital city of Agartala via Dharmanagar town. Panisagar is 120 km from Agartala.

Politics
[Binay Bhushan Das (politician)] is the current MLA from Panisagar who won 2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election.

Transport
National Highway 108 originates from Panisagar and extends up to Aizawl in Mizoram. The nearest airport is the Aizawl Airport which 74 km and as has a railway station called Panisagar railway station which lies on Silchar–Sabroom section. Main rail head is Silchar railway station which is 101 km from Panisagar.

Education

 * Regional College of Physical Education, Panisagar
 * Kendriya Vidyalaya, Panisagar
 * Holy Cross School, Panisagar
 * Panisagar Higher Secondary School

title: Panisagar


text:
line out

Noun

 * 1) an audio jack that produces an unamplified signal

Verb

 * 1) to appear in a lineout
 * 2) to take part in a sports event
 * 3)  To create (something, e.g. parking spaces, lanes in a road) by marking lines on asphalt.
 * 4)  To plant in a line.
 * 5)  To remove from effective inclusion on a list by crossing an item off.
 * 6)  To chant each line of a hymn before the congregation must sing it, as an aid for those worshippers who can not read out of a hymnbook.
 * 7)  To outline (something) to be finished later (often by lining in the drawing.
 * 8)  To generally and briefly predict or describe (something).
 * 9)  To line up; to form a line.

title: line out


text:
deminutiivi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬), ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1)  diminutive

Usage notes
This form is preferred in scientific context. In common language the parallel form is often used.

title: deminutiivi


text:
J.N.N Institute of Engineering

J.N.N Institute of Engineering is an Engineering college located in Tiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, India. It is approved by AICTE, New Delhi and affiliated with Anna University, Chennai. The institution was established in 2008 and is promoted by the Alamelu Ammaal Educational Trust.

The Trust also manages J.N.N Arts & Science Women's College, J.N.N Matriculation & Higher Secondary School, J.N.N Vidyallaya, and J.N.N Educational College.

Campus
The campus is housed on a 45 acre property.

Athletics
J.N.N.I.E. has teams in Cricket, Football, Volleyball, Badminton and Basketball.

title: J.N.N Institute of Engineering


text:
Cookbook talk:Beverages

Other pages
Some drink recipes appear under cuisines, like Bubble Tea, we should add those links too I think. --OMouse 2:27EST, 27 Feb 2005

List of Cocktails
There are a couple of recipes at Wikipedia under List of cocktails. We should probably move them over to this page. --Alsocal 04:10, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Put them on the Bartending:Cocktails page. There are too many name conflicts (like Apricot Pie) to put cocktails in the cookbook. (plus the wiki formatting is almost always crude, with bad links and missing headers -- clearly, people are testing the cocktails before adding them to the wiki) AlbertCahalan 00:36, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Wine

 * Our Bulgarian friend has put a page about wine regions.
 * How will wine be treated in the Cookbook in general?
 * Nearly every Cookbook I know has good suggestions about what wines to take with food. Perhaps we should have the general red wines and white wines and the table/cask wines, as well as foods where wine is an important ingredient.

--EuropracBHIT 05:08, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * As needed, we can link to the Bartending book. Let's keep the cookbook simple and clear, with an emphasis on cooking. Note that there is also a Gardening book, and there could be a book for brewing and winemaking. AlbertCahalan 00:36, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Cross-linking
This module states: Alcoholic beverages are covered elsewhere, in the bartending book. Bartending:Alcoholic Drink states: See also [...] Beverages in the Cookbook for drink recipes not normally considered part of mixology.

Moreover, Cookbook:Alcoholic Drink, where the information is de facto at, is now listed under "ingredients" in the main module. --Salleman 10:57, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Beverages


text:
Virgil Okiring

Virgil Okiring (born 25 September 1942) is a Ugandan hurdler. He competed in the men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

title: Virgil Okiring


text:
Template:Wikibooks-poc

Wikibooks has  on the topic of  This template is a Proof of Concept (hence the name: Wikibooks-poc) to show how a single template can take over from Wikibooks, Wikibookspage, Wikibookspar and Wikibookschapter.

Compare the following examples with those on Wikibooks. It is fully backwards compatible with Template:Wikibooks and Wikibookspage. Wikibookspar should be deprecated since it uses an outdated naming policy. Wikibookschapter has only 90 transclutions so it can easily be changed.

title: Template:Wikibooks-poc


text:
Wikispecies

Link to any subpages this page might have

What is Wikispecies?
Wikispecies is a project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation that anybody can edit. It is an open, free directory of species.

Projects for collaboration between Wikiversity and Wikispecies

School:Agriculture:
 * Animal husbandry
 * Plant and soil science
 * Arboriculture

Biology learning projects:
 * Endangered species
 * The Bloom Clock Project

title: Wikispecies


text:
Wikipedia:United States Education Program/Courses/Independent Research (Kim Barchard)/Pod

Instructor and Ambassadors

 * Instructor: Kimberly A. Barchard: Kbarchard (talk)

 * Campus Ambassadors:
 * Brianna: BriannaMaxim (talk)
 * Sae Hui Lee: saehee0908 (talk)

 * Online Ambassadors:
 * ~ Matthewrbowker Talk to me

([ Click to return to your main course page and continue.])


text:
Auguste-Louis Bertin d'Antilly

Auguste-Louis Bertin d'Antilly (1763–1804) was a French dramatist and journalist whose patriotic songs and topical libretti were prominent during the French Revolution, but who emigrated from France under Napoleon.

Bertin d'Antilly possessed the sinecure of premier Commis des Finances au département des revenus casuels du Roi, and thus was a pensioner of Louis XVI of France. In 1783 his one-act L'Anglais à Paris was a comedy without overt political content, and his two-act comedy L'école de l'adolescence was played in June 1789; but that same year, as "Citoyen B. Dantilly" he wrote the libretto for Pierre-David-Augustin Chapelle's opéra comique, that is, with spoken rather than sung dialogue, La Vieillesse d’Annette et Lubin based on a story by Jean-François Marmontel: at the third act finale, peasants armed with their tools face the seigneurial regime in defiance.

His "Ode à l'Être Suprême" (Paris, 1794) reflects the Revolutionary Cult of the Supreme Being. Patriotic sentiments were to the fore in his libretto for La prise de Toulon par les français : opéra en trois actes, mêlés de prose, de vers et de chants, which celebrated the Siege of Toulon, an early Republican victory over a Royalist rebellion in the southern French port of Toulon, 18 December 1793. After the revenge assassination in January 1793 of Le Peletier de Saint Fargeau, who had cast the deciding vote for the execution of Louis XVI, Bertin d'Antilly provided the libretto to a two-act trait historique, Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau, ou Le premier martyr de la République française, with music by Frédéric Blasius.

Under the Directoire Bertin d'Antilly abandoned his Jacobin views and moved to the political right. In 1797 he began to publish a daily journal of social and political commentary, Le Thé, ou Le journal des dixhuit, which ran from 16 April, under the epigraph "Je vois de loin; j'atteins de même"; it dropped its subtitle, ostensibly referring to eighteen editors, in favor of the subtitle Le contrôleur général. It was suppressed 18 fructidor An V (5 September 1797) in connection with the counter-revolutionary Coup of 18 Fructidor; earlier that year the Imprimerie du The that printed the journal had printed his "Disgrâce des triumvirs: chanson constitutionnelle", a commentary on disunion among the members of the French Directory. Some years later, a journal under the same title appeared, but Bertin d'Antilly had no part in its redaction. Firmly opposed to Napoleon, he had taken up residence at Hamburg, where he published the journal Le Censeur in collaboration with the émigré M. de Romance, chevalier de Mesmont; when Napoleon put diplomatic pressure on the Hamburg Senate, they were arrested, then released when the Comte d'Artois convinced the Russians to intervene on their behalf.

title: Auguste-Louis Bertin d'Antilly


text:
Malavika Sarukkai

Malavika Sarukkai is an Indian classical dancer and choreographer specializing in Bharatanatyam. A 2002 winner of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, she was honoured by the Government of India in 2003 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.

Biography
Malavika Sarukkai was born in 1959 in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. She began learning Bharatanatyam at the age of 7 and trained under Kalyanasundaram Pillai(Tanjavur school) and Rajaratnam (Vazhuvoor School). She also learned abhinaya under Kalanidhi Narayanan and Odissi under renowned gurus, Kelucharan Mohapatra and Ramani Ranjan Jena. She made her debut at the age of 12 at Mumbai and has performed at many places in India and abroad,  including the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, New York, John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts and at Chicago. Her life and work have been recorded by way of a documentary, Samarpanam, commissioned by the Government of India. She also features in a nine-hour television documentary by BBC/WNET under the title, Dancing. The Unseen Sequence – Exploring Bharatanatyam Through the Art of Malavika Sarukkai is another documentary made on her art which has been screened at the National Centre for the Performing Arts. Mumbai.

Awards and recognitions
Sarukkai was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award by the Government of India in 2002. She is also a recipient of Kalaimamani title from the Government of Tamil Nadu and other awards such as Mrinalini Sarabhai Award, Nrityachoodamani title, Sanskriti award and the Haridas Sammelan award. The Government of India honoured her again, in 2003, with the civilian award of Padma Shri.

title: Malavika Sarukkai


text:
Slava, Altai Krai

Slava (Слава) is a rural locality (a selo) in Zelyonopolyansky Selsoviet, Klyuchevsky District, Altai Krai, Russia, consisting of three streets. The population was 42 as of 2013.

Geography
Slava is located 41 km northeast of Klyuchi (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zelyonaya Polyana is the nearest rural locality.

title: Slava, Altai Krai


text:
Wikiversity talk:GNU Free Documentation License

shouldn't this be protected? Chris is me 22:19, 18 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree <IP_ADDRESS> 06:48, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

Which optional features are you using
would be better if specified... <IP_ADDRESS> 06:48, 19 January 2007 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Elmo Stoll

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title: Talk:Elmo Stoll