text:
Talk:Mike Quigley

Requested move 30 October 2023

The result of the move request was: Page moved. (non-admin closure) Reading Beans (talk) 09:51, 7 November 2023 (UTC)

– Primary topic. At least 3 of 5 users at last discussion (, 2012) supported this title. Gets 16x the pageviews of all others with the name. Hameltion (talk | contribs) 07:06, 30 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Mike Quigley (politician) → Mike Quigley
 * Mike Quigley → Mike Quigley (disambiguation)
 * Support first, move DAB to Michael Quigley. Politician is PRIMARY for the name Mike, but not Michael, and the legal name for every entry on the page is Michael.--Ortizesp (talk) 07:46, 30 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Support both. The U.S. rep is clearly the primary topic. Dab should be at Mike Quigley (disambiguation) as that is the format all of the articles listed use. estar8806 (talk) ★ 23:15, 30 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mike Quigley


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Cookbook:Stock

Stock is a flavorful liquid made by simmering ingredients such as meat, poultry, fish, or vegetables in water for an extended period of time. The solids are removed at the end. Because the flavour of the ingredients is the only thing that matters, stock is often made with left over-ingredients and by-products such as bones, that couldn't be used elsewhere.

Stock can be made with a stock cube or extract, but for best results, make your own. If you cannot, a jar of fond (condensed stock) is the next best thing.

Terminology
Stock and broth are similar, and the two terms may be used interchangeably by some. Technically, stock uses bones, or bones with meat, while broth and bouillon are the result of cooking any food-items with water to obtain a flavoured liquid. Stock is also usually cooked longer.

Vegetable Stock
This article starts with vegetable stock because most non-vegetarian stocks will use some amount of vegetables as well, to add depth to the flavor, so this information is useful for all stocks. Home-made vegetable stock will have a relatively weak flavor, but a strong aroma.

Ingredients
The basic ingredients for a vegetable stock are onion, carrot, leek, and celery. You can make a good stock without any of these, but they are the classic 'backbone' of making stock, and almost all vegetable stocks will contain at least two. Other ideas for vegetables include tomato, bell pepper, fennel, broccoli, mushroom, and garlic. Be careful when using very aromatic vegetables, as they can easily overpower the stock. Do not use beets, which will turn the stock black. Do include the peels of onion and garlic, which will help to color the stock. About 750 grams/26 ounces of vegetables per liter of stock should suffice.

To deepen the flavour of the stock, some herbs and spices are usually added. Some of these will dissolve (like salt), for others it's best to enclose them in a little bag or bundle so you can easily fish them out later. This is called a bouquet garni. Some good herbs to use include bay leaf (about 3 per liter of stock), black peppercorns (about 6 per liter of stock), salt (a pinch), rosemary, and thyme.

Preparation
Do not chop your ingredients too finely—just halve or quarter them. It's a very good idea, especially with vegetable stock, to caramelize your ingredients first. This can be done by pan frying them lightly in oil or butter until they turn brown, but the oil will coat the ingredients, and you may have to de-fat the stock later. The best way to caramelize your ingredients is to put them in the oven, on a tray, until they start to brown.

Add all the ingredients to a pot (preferably large and thick). Cover with cold water, bring to a boil, and simmer anywhere from 30 minutes to an hour, depending on how much stock you're making, and how strong you want it to be. Do not let vegetables simmer for more than an hour or the flavour will become wilted and sour.

The stock should be tasted to see if it's ready. When it is, pass it through a sieve to get rid of the large ingredients. If the sieved stock isn't clear yet, put a wet tea towel or cheesecloth in the sieve, and pass the stock through it again.

Seafood
Fish stock should generally be made using "white" fish bones like haddock, flounder, cod, or snapper, although some Japanese recipes use tuna or similar species for a highly flavored specialized stock. Shellfish stock is generally made the same way as fish stock. Combine fish bones or shellfish shells with cold water to cover, and add some diced mirepoix (celery, onion, white part of leeks, mushrooms, parsnips, etc.). Bring to a simmer, skimming as necessary, and simmer for 40 minutes. Strain the stock and cool it. Salt is usually necessary, add toward or at the end, to taste.

Options

 * Sweat (cook in hot oil and/or butter without browning) the bones or shells and mirepoix before adding the cold water. This is called fish fumet.
 * Replace part of the water with dry white wine or vintage dry cider.
 * Add aromatics such as herbs and spices (thyme, bay leaf, peppercorn, parsley stems). These may be added directly to the stock or tied in a cheesecloth (known as sachet d'épices). Add any other aromatics to impart a particular flavor.

Poultry
Here's the basic method for chicken stock, which you can adapt for other poultry.

After you've eaten a chicken, save the raw or cooked carcass. Put it in a pressure cooker or a large saucepan, and add enough cold water to cover. Add some fresh herbs, such as bay leaves and sage, an onion, a carrot, and a stick of celery, and bring to the boil. Pan drippings are very good to add, as long as they are not too burned.

If you use a pressure cooker cook at pressure for 30-40 minutes. If using a pot, let the stock simmer very gently for at least three hours, but no longer than four lest the bones cloud the stock and overpower the flavour. Drain the liquid through a sieve into another pan. You can use the stock immediately or cool it as quickly as possible and refrigerate or freeze it.

Meat
Beef, mutton and pork broths are made by slowly simmering meat (do not remove gristle - it contains collagen) and bones with vegetables and flavourings. Do not add salt at this stage, it should only be added when the stock is being used in a recipe. Use cold water and warm slowly, which this prevents the meat from sealing.

If bones are used in stock they may be roasted and cracked before simmering.

In a pressure cooker broth takes 45-60 minutes, stock with bones 75-120 minutes. If an open pan is used the liquid should barely be moving, and certainly not boiling fast, and times of several hours for broth and 7-10 hours for bone stock are not excessive.

Defatting and Clarifying
To get most of the fat out of a stock, you can simply chill it. The fat will harden and float on top of the stock where it can be scooped off easily. One can also use a fat separator, which is like a big measuring cup with a siphon from the bottom, which allows you to pour the stock out while trapping the fat.

To completely clarify stock, use the following method:
 * Beat egg whites to soft peaks, one for each quart/liter of stock.
 * Crumple the eggs-shells and mix them through the egg whites.
 * Stir the mixture in to the stock and bring it to a simmer, do not let it boil. The egg-whites will coagulate, rise, and take any particles and cloudiness out of the stock.
 * Keep a close eye on the simmer (push the coagulated egg-whites to the side a bit to see) and let it simmer for about ten minutes.
 * Remove the pot from the heat and let it sit for another ten minutes.
 * Finally, sieve the stock again through a tea towel.

Glace and Consommé
A glace is made by reducing a stock down (gently, stocks shouldn't boil) to about a quarter or less of its original volume. glace can be used as a basis for sauces, or simply to facilitate storage, and turned in to stock again by adding water.

A consommé is the result of the clarification process that uses egg whites and a fine dice of mirepoix to create a raft. this raft traps and removes impurities from a stock result in the classic clear quaity of a consommé

Storage
Stock will keep for about a week in the refrigerator. Frozen stock will keep for around six months.

Use
Stock is used as the basis for most soups and in many dishes as a flavouring or base.

Notes, Tips and Variations

 * Though mushrooms are good for enriching a stock, it is also possible to make the mushroom the main or even the only ingredient of a stock. For this you would need about 200 grams/0.4 lb of mushrooms and an onion per liter of stock.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cookbook:Stock


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Talk:Ueno Zoo Monorail

Double track?
Is that correct? I thought double track meant that there were two sets of tracks (enabling a train in one direction to pass another traveling in the other). I have some pictures that make it pretty clear that this is not the case. But, I am holding off from deleting it for fear that there is some other meaning that I'm not familiar. Neier (talk) 13:22, 22 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Yeah, that can't be right.--MrFishGo Fish 14:19, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

 * You're right. That was my error. Fg2 (talk) 22:13, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Ueno Zoo Monorail. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060104045152/http://www.monorails.org:80/tMspages/Philzoo.html to http://www.monorails.org/tMspages/Philzoo.html

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 00:45, 9 January 2016 (UTC)

Closure
The monorail has not been operating since 2019 and will be officially decommissioned (廃止) on December 27, 2023: https://www.kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp/pickup_information/news/pdf/2023/otr_p_2023111311234_h_01.pdf Jpatokal (talk) 23:35, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ueno Zoo Monorail


text:
maatje

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) A fermented herring.

Etymology 1
Diminutive of. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) maatjesharing, a young herring
 * 2)  a small :
 * 3) a small size, measure etc.
 * 4) a young or tiny mate

Etymology 2
Diminutive of.

title: maatje


text:
Ladies First (Ms Scandalous album)

Ladies First is the debut album of Desi/British Asian rapper Ms Scandalous, recorded almost three years after her first appearance with Panjabi Hit Squad with the track "Hai Hai" on their 2002 album The Streets. PHS produced and co-wrote the album. In addition to Ms Scandalous' MCing, the album featured the sung vocals of Jaspinder Narula and Alyssia.

The video for "Aaja Soniyah" by Simon Poon-Tip entered the Top Ten of MTV Base, a first for an Asian female artist.

title: Ladies First (Ms Scandalous album)


text:
Kacper Sezonienko

Kacper Sezonienko (born 23 March 2003) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Ekstraklasa club Lechia Gdańsk.

Lechia Gdańsk
Sezonienko started playing football with AP Ostróda aged 8, later joining the youth sides of Lechia Gdańsk in 2018. At the age of 16 Sezonienko first played for the Lechia Gdańsk II team, making his debut against Arka Gdynia II. Sezonienko started training with the first team at the beginning of the 2019–20 season. In August 2020 it was announced that he would be spending the season with Bytovia Bytów.

Honours
Lechia Gdańsk
 * I liga: 2023–24

title: Kacper Sezonienko


text:
Electoral results for the district of Burrangong

Burrangong, an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales was created in 1904 and abolished in 1920.


text:
Zerno

Zerno (Зерно) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Novoalexandrovsky Selsoviet, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 196 as of 2013. There are 3 streets.

Geography
Zerno is located 19 km south of Rubtsovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novoaleksandrovka is the nearest rural locality.

title: Zerno


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User:Mynameisrajan/sandbox

 Bohlen & Doyen Bauunternehmung GmbH (BoDo) is a construction company involved in the areas of gas, water, waste water, electricity, telecommunications and oil. In addition to construction the company is engaged in services, plant engineering, filling station technology and offshore cable laying. During early 2011 the company was merged with SAG-Gruppe, Langen, Germany.

History
(BoDo) was started by Heinrich Bohlen und Heinrich Doyen in 1950 as a trucking company. In the year in 1962 entering into the hydraulic engineering sector the company slowly expanded its business to water pipeline construction and siphon construction until the late 1960's. 1977 the company went international building water pipeline at the Persian gulf and during the 1980's the company enlarged its business competencies in areas such as prefabricated gas pressure control systems and its corresponding heating systems, harbor construction, electrical technology (submarine cables and overhead lines) measurement technology and horizontal direct drilling. Following the ISO 9001 certification 1995, the company increased its involvement in international projects in 2000's. In the late 2000's BoDo marked the entry of various new business fields such as regenerative gas-processing plant, horizontal direct drilling, LPG filling stations and submarine cable laying Offshore wind farms.

Since the beginning of 2011, (BoDo) is marged to the group parent company SAG Gruppe of Langen. Taken together, the two companies have more than 150 years of experience as service-providers and partners to energy supply companies. With their future nearly 7,500 employees in over 125 locations, the group has a nationwide network of locations in Germany.

Locations

 * Bohlen & Doyen Bauunternehmung GmbH, Branch North West   -  Wiesmoor
 * Bohlen & Doyen Bauunternehmung GmbH, Branch North        -  Müllrose
 * Bohlen & Doyen Bauunternehmung GmbH, Branch South East   -  Erfurt
 * Bohlen & Doyen Bauunternehmung GmbH, Branch South West   -  Ingolstadt
 * Bohlen & Doyen Bauunternehmung B.v, Branch Netherlands- Staphorst

title: User:Mynameisrajan/sandbox


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Help talk:Quiz

Thanks and credits
Prepared with the help of http://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Quiz Thanks also to Lrbabe (at MediaWiki), creator of the quiz extension, for patiently answering questions.

McCormack 16:39, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
 * This was what I was going to do today, apparently someone beat me to it. Now we have to get people interested in making quizzes!--Rayc 19:09, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Don't worry, Rayc. Lot's of documentation still to be written ;-) McCormack 05:41, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

Didactic considerations
I've added a short section at the top with an educational guide. This is obviously personal opinion, but possibly worthwhile and probably necessary. I think it is essential for Wikiversity to distinguish itself from other learning environments, and especially from free+popular ones such as Moodle. Discussion of the didactic considerations and their implications for future development of the quiz extension are invited below. One of the things which emerges from my analysis is that development of the quiz extension should pay less attention to points systems (marking, assessment) and more attention to layout and feedback (visuals, information flow). McCormack 06:23, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

Learning project
Perhaps to help with the above, I've started a learning project at the Quiz Learning Project. McCormack 08:43, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

Please show full coding

 * Show me the coding
 * In the examples (the  sections), please include all of the coding, not just the question.  It is awkward to have to search for the coding in the edit page for the examples. Robert Elliott 17:05, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

 * OK - I'll look into this. The original idea was to minimize the code in order to maximize understanding. But I agree it doesn't help with copying. McCormack 05:06, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, in some ways, not showing the template call is a simplification but is also adds confusion when trying to apply it. Robert Elliott 05:14, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Although all you need to do is add <quiz> tags before and after. Perhaps I should say this ;-) McCormack 10:16, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, you must say it.   is NOT something that people use every day.  Therefore, unless you show everything, no one is going to know what you are doing.  For something new that no one has seen before, you have to be very complete and accurate when you tell people what they need to add to their lessons to get a certain type of quiz.   Robert Elliott 16:00, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

Markup that doesn't work inside quizzes
All those markups works on this sandbox : http://www.lrbabe.com/sdoms/wikikato/index.php?title=Quiz:sandbox

of course list and tables doesn't work inside the question's object. mw:User:Lrbabe

True/False questions
For true false question I recommand to use : { +- Lrbabe is a nerd -+ Lrbabe is an english major
 * type="" }
 * true | false

 * Thanks for the suggestion, Lrbabe. My recommendation is that people follow the documentation as is, because most quizzing environments I'm familiar with use this kind of tre/false layout. However people are, of course, free to experiment with different layouts. McCormack 08:06, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

Undocumented Features
See fr:Aide:Quiz and fr:Aide:Quiz (shuffle="none") -- MichaelFrey 07:20, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I've added in some bits and pieces as a results of this. McCormack 08:48, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

Examples not working?

 * Working examples
 * Please include fully working examples. Robert Elliott 17:19, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I thought all the examples were fully working - ? If you found one which malfunctioned, can you list it below? Thanks! McCormack 05:07, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry, when I tried them, all I got was a blank page.

 * And I need to see these in working lessons. Robert Elliott 05:16, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

 * First I'd need to know which examples didn't work, so I can check my own markup. Then I'd need to know if you got the blank pages after repeatedly trying - i.e. was it just a temporary server/browser glitch? If the error is repeatable, and not in the markup, then I'd also need to know your browser type so I can pass a bug report back to the developer. McCormack 10:14, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Yep! You got a problem!!!!.  I got one quiz to work once so now I know roughly what you are doing.  The quiz software does not work with Foxfire.  Depending on the answer that the user gives, the results are disasterous for the user and teacher.  It wipes out the original page.  Or at least the server thinks the entire page is now blank and, therefore, allows the user to begin typing the question page from scratch (from a totally blank page.)  Robert Elliott 15:53, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

 * OK - I'll pass this back to development at mw:Extension:Quiz. McCormack 17:58, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

 * You can not use the quiz while editing the page. It is simply impossible because you post only the content of the quiz you've answered when you click on "correction". There is no way to avoid it. Maybe you should mention it in the Help page. Regards mw:User:Lrbabe 23:36, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Ah! He was trying the quiz in preview mode. OK - I'll note this down. McCormack 04:26, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Light at the end of the tunnel
 * Ahhh! I was in the edit mode because not all the coding for the quiz was visible.  I could only see the missing coding if I was in the edit mode.  When I am in edit mode, I can hop down and see if this quiz is    or if it is    Robert Elliott 09:08, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

Suggested improvements
Why do all quizzes have a button which says "Correction"? (Robert Elliott)

 * Correct answer: the programmer is French and I've been very careful about not criticising him too much, especially not for his English, because he's working really hard! McCormack 15:59, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

 * :D Yes I'm very bad in english, I admit it. I accept all criticisms even on my english and I would like to improve the extension with all suggestions I receive, but it is very hard to meet all those requirements without having the feeling of losing my time on fucking the flys (I have no better translation for enculer les mouches).
 * Regards, Lrbabe
 * I think he means fixing the bugs. Lrbabe is doing a superb job. I've put in a request over at MediaWiki for the wording to be changed to submit. McCormack 04:49, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

{Why do all quizzes have a button which says "Correction"? + I am a computer nerd, not an English major. + "Correction" means no matter what answer I give, the teacher is sure I will be wrong. + Students never give the correct answer. + I turned this decision over to a computer programmer. They always make a mess of things. - The word "Answer" is copyright by Microsoft so I could not use it.
 * type="[Test of the frog in my throt(sp).]"}

Mind you, to return to the world of seriousness, Robert, what should be on the button? McCormack 17:50, 22 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Submit?
 * Finished?
 * Answer?
 * Mark?
 * Please add next suggestion below

BTW, I've already suggested to Lrbabe that the button should change to "Reset" when the corrections are showing. McCormack 17:50, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I like "submit" for the button. Cormaggio talk 18:59, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The big picture
 * As I go through all the samples of the QUIZ format, I am beginning to see some possible conceptual problems. It will take me a week or more to come up with some ideas.

 * In the meantime, I have a question. Do we have a click function yet at Wikiversity?  The "CORRECTION" button uses a CLICK function so why don't we have a working click function?   Robert Elliott 01:39, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

Scoring
Please explain how scoring works. If I have 5 quizes on a page, how will the scoring add up the score? In your examples, it does not seem to work. Where do you store the total score for this quiz and the total score for all quizes in the Users data file? How does the teacher see this? Does it include the date that the student took the quiz. Does the teacher get emails with the score when the student takes a quiz? Robert Elliott 09:48, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Yup, you mirror my thoughts. However I think this may be too much for version 1.0. It may also contradict what I've tried to discern as the distinctive abilities of a wiki-quiz. If your emphasis is on marking and points, you need to be thinking of Moodle. Wiki-quizzes are perhaps about interactive learning journeys. But what do you think? McCormack 16:02, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

Let me think about it. Robert Elliott 17:25, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Has any more thought been given to this? My husband is a high school teacher and I've recently set up a Wiki for his class. We were very interested in using Quiz but would like some sort of results reported back to the teacher, not so much for grading but more to show if there are specific areas that need to be covered more in depth in class. For instance if they cover a portion of the American Revolution (he teaches History) and then the wiki has a quiz reviewing what was covered and it is noticed that a decent percentage of the students do poorly on a specific question then he knows to go over that material more in class with them.

Kayleigh

Bug Fixes
Why is the "no-break space code" used as a control function? Not a good idea to use such a difficult/confusing code to use.

Is the amperstand code also used for something or have you disabled this? (Looks like you used it and then abandoned it.)

Please change color of actual quiz BACKGROUND to "inherit". (See my simple help page to see white boxes which should not be there.

Why is the space after the "{" required in text fields? (As in { Alexander }.) Not a good idea to have something so weird. Robert Elliott 17:25, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Non-breaking space: dunno. It was my work-around.
 * Ampersand: I was playing around with trying to get the formatting right. Might be an accident.
 * Inheritance: I agree, but I'm trying not to overload Lrbabe with requests right now.
 * Space: I asked Lrbabe about this some time ago. He has his reasons, although I don't fully understand them. Might have something to do with tables.
 * McCormack 17:37, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Non-breaking space: I'll allow question with no text in the headings.
 * Inheritance: 0.9.3 will fix more layout bugs such as this one and this other one introduced in 0.9.1 :

 * space: this space allows to insert in a textfield.
 * Lrbabe

 * Inheritance
 * On the Inheritance, I am not asking for a change. I am asking for a correction.  It is currently set to "white" or #fff or #ffffff.  I should be set to the default which is "INHERIT" which means it should use a background color equal to the background color that the user is already using.  Now it is hard wired to the wrong value (white). Robert Elliott 01:44, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

In fact, the quiz settings as well as the questions's objects are in a table. And tables always have a white background on MediaWiki ! Therefore I have to change it to transparent. mw:User:Lrbabe

 * Just out of curiousity
 * Just out of curiousity, what language is this written in? Robert Elliott 14:45, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The quiz extension is a mixture of PHP and Javascript, with HTML and CSS thrown in, of course. The code is public and on SVN - you can look at it if you wish. I did. It made my brain hurt. :) I'm glad I don't have to programme it. McCormack 15:35, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

 * If possible, please tell me how I can access this code. (I just want to look at it. You can email it to me as text just so I can take a look. Back in the Stone Ages before fire was invented, I was a COBOL programmer.) Robert Elliott 23:51, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi Robert. The page at MediaWiki is mw:Extension:Quiz. The code can be accessed using the prominent links in the information box at the top of the page (right hand side). Like all of the MediaWiki code, it is public. McCormack 04:24, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks. You are right.  It is difficult to understand.  Robert Elliott 15:51, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

Flashcards
Did you ever use flash cards when you went to university? I did. I had a big stack of Biology cards and soon divided them into ones I knew, and ones I didn't. Because they were hard copies the stacks stayed put until the next day when I went through my ever dwindling "don't know" pile. That way I could focus on the ones I don't know. It sounds trivial but all the virtual flash card applications don't do this. They may have a temporary hide, but if you ever leave the webpage or logout, it's all back to one pile.

Well I think it would be SWELL if we could do the same thing virtually here in the Merry Ole Wikivesity. Except it would have to be tied to a login somehow so that that person's cards would stay in the piles they set.

I posted this in the Colloquium Flashcard dicussion and it was recommended we ask you.

Apparently Ryan Lane started to develop a memorize extension which (I hope would keep the "know" and "don't know" categories for someone who has logged in. (Colloquium Flashcard dicussion). Perhaps this is impossible, and we need to simply post an executable file that a user must download and run on their own computers with a copy of the flash cards? They could keep their "know" and "don't know" categories on their own system with a built-in database?

Do you think it's a good idea? If so, do you know someone with the technical expertise to make it? Andrew 18:58, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The problem with a wiki is that the content is changing everytime. If you think today you perfectly know a flashcard, what will happen if tomorow its content change or if there was a mistake inside ? It could be possible to inform the user as soon as something change... Anyway, it is a lot of work. I could do it but I have not enough time currently. Lrbabe 12:27, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't know if you need to know, but I've got a flashcards program on my ti84, could be helpful.--danthemango 11:17, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Perhaps this could be achieved by using mw:Extension:RandomInclude. This would allow for random display of text (which could be anything including flashcards, quiz questions, etc.). -- Jtneill - Talk 00:13, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

 * FYI, I've added a request for the RandomInclude extension to be added to the sandbox server. -- Jtneill - Talk 00:18, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Flashcards would also be very useful for Portal:Pre-school Education. -- Jtneill - Talk 00:20, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

Cheat
{ How can a student cheat? { press the edit button |check the professor's contributions } Hillgentleman|Talk 22:22, 17 May 2007 (UTC)
 * type="{}"}

 * Thanks for you comment, Hillgentleman. In general, insecurity is a feature of all browser-based quiz systems. With Moodle, students can simply print out a test and work on it offline, or if multiple attempts are allowed, they do trial-and-error until one of them has the right answer, and then they pass the answers to each other on crib-sheets. With Wikiversity, source code inspection is, of course, possible. It's highly insecure. However security doesn't always matter with quizzes. It depends what your purposes are. If you're testing, security is important. If you're training, security is less important. Example 1: student is self-learning vocabulary - why cheat yourself? Example 2: a teacher adds easy quiz questions to make a learning journey more interesting - it doesn't actually matter how the students get the answer. This is all partly why I wrote the "didactic considerations" section. McCormack 04:16, 19 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Exactly. Moreover, I would say that this quiz extension has never been designed for testing purposes. There is no way for a teacher to know the score of a student. Wikiversity is designed to help students and quizzes are mainly ludic teaching aids. Lrbabe 17:49, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

Is is possible to make the quiz extension a little more secure, e.g. make it harder (if not impossible) to view the source code? ThanksJonathan2 10:59, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

Advanced shuffle possibilities
A few exotic features are not yet covered, such as shuffle control using {X} {!X} {/X} tags.

 * I totally agree with you, I don't know why I spent so much time on such a useless feature. You don't need to document it and you can consider it as a "hidden feature that may disappear in the future". Lrbabe 22:52, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

Word
A friend of mine wants to know if this works in word. Is there a way of transferring the functionality into word, like opening a webpage containing a quiz with word?--Rayc 22:19, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

 * So you're asking (a) if Microsoft are going to build a MediaWiki parser into Word? and (b) if Microsoft will also implement the quiz extension in their MediaWiki-Word hybrid? I think Microsoft might need to evolve their licencing conditions for Word before this is possible. Or did I misunderstand you? McCormack 05:05, 3 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Never mind. I don't think this quiz system is what she was looking for. --Rayc 22:44, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

Problems in IE (Version: 5.1.2600.3121)
Hi, some input boxes disappear, when you touch them with the cursor or click on it.

Example: { Touch one of these boxes in Internet Explorer and you might see: { Answer _7} -- Kevin Hättig 19:16, 23 December 2007 (UTC)
 * type="{}" }
 * Just tried with Kevin over chat and with my IE the described prob does not appear:
 * IE 7.0.6001.17119 32 bit, Erkan Yilmaz ( Wikiversity:Chat, wiki blog ) 19:22, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

Can Quiz be used for visitors to create reviews
I am wondering if this program could be used to allow visitors to review certain subjects such as hotels on your mediawiki.

Does Quiz save the information anywhere? Can the information that visitors input be saved to a page? Thanks in advance. <IP_ADDRESS> 14:49, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Well it could be extended perhaps to save data locally at the pc (for e.g. reusage). Since the data (for future projects) may be sensible this is to be considered, if this should be done. But I guess it does not hurt to ask here: Topic:Sandbox Server 0.5. You could tell more about your idea, ok ? Erkan Yilmaz Wikiversity:Chat  16:48, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Really?!! ;-) --McCormack 17:39, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Maybe we could have the quiz auto generate a piece of code that when edited to a page displays previous answers. That way only people who want to save there info could edit the info onto the page.--Rayc 23:39, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm a little negative about this. One issue would be where to put the answers. They couldn't be stored within the question area itself, as it would disturb the layout. Perhaps at the bottom of the page? But then it makes it easier for later learners. And a popular quiz or a quiz for a closed class could easily rack up an uncontrolled amount of data (page bloat). Additionally, if a teacher has a class do the quiz at the same time, then multiple edit conflicts would result. One could solve all this by recording each answer set on a different subpage - but: phew! I think that the concept is worth exploring, but it needs thinking through. I don't think WV should try to be Moodle & co. --McCormack 06:12, 23 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I need a polls functionality on my wiki. The Extension:Poll is not in wikimedia CVS and also a kind of non-flexible and very limited. Code style seems also to be outdated. I wonder if polls might be added to Extension:Quiz or maybe that's a wrong idea? The results should be stored in SQL tables, not local PC, of course (as Extension:Poll does). I wonder what do Quiz extension developers think about that. I might try to implement that myself. QuestPC 06:53, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Well interesting point. I think, that there is important for teachers to know, how the student replied the quiz. If this possibility will not be able, the teacher cant evaluate the process of teaching and cant give to the student a feedbac. On the other hand, we are Wikiversity, an OPEN learning community. You tried to declate, that there will not be any certificates nor teachers - to frighten possible participants. So you mede from teachers instructors in here. I mean that it can have a psychological impact if the results of the quizes will be listed somewhere and publicly available. So, how to solve this problem:

 * leave it like this without history/results - this changes the quiz to an automatic tool for education (e.g. a quiz of 100 inquiries based on French vocabulary) - you will do the quiz until youll study all words
 * list the results of a one quiz associated with user who did it on a special page (subpage of a quiz, quiz discussion etc.)
 * special hidden page with results - moodle like solution with different user levels, who can see this page
 * other

 * With one quiz for more people, you cant go to conflict, if the quiz will be included in the template (e.g. you will make a quiz and you will save it as a template. Then every single student will copy this template to his e.g. user subpage) - if there will be more students, this can be done also roboticly (so it would be nice to have kind of user robot available to do such thinks for users). I dont know, why you dislike this opportunity?--Juan 14:55, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

thanks everyone
great concept and it will DEFINITELY help me in my endeavors, I've been worried about this issue for the longest time. just one comment, I also wonder if it's possible to have a long answer quiz or test or even exam, where the mark goes up by citing specific words along with the word count. I was curious about the short answer section fourth example where it's possible to have multiple answers. The space gives a point for aristotle or plato, but gives a wrong answer to "aristotle and plato". it could be useful if the quiz script could pick out words in a response and give marks accordingly, such as for a paragraph answer or essay.--danthemango 11:10, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

User discussion
A discussion about the quiz feature was conducted on the mailing list: http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikiversity-l/2008-March/000364.html. Main points included: -- Jtneill - Talk 15:00, 25 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Positive feedback about using it
 * Pedagogy
 * Ideally, include feedback
 * Keep quizzes short, i.e., no more than 10 questions, ideally < 5 questions

GIFT format and extensions for assessment content
Can we please support the GIFT format and extensions for assessment content in addition to Quiz table markup? I hope we will be able to import from and export to both formats. Please discuss at mw:Extension talk:Quiz <IP_ADDRESS> 01:18, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

Persian numbers
Is there any way to to change the latin numbers to Persian or Arabic numbers? if the answer is yes, please notify me on my talk page! thanks Americophile 19:19, 11 October 2011 (UTC)

"No Retry" Quizzing? Quiz Scores?
From what I've been able to research on this extension, it doesn't provide the capability of preventing users from correcting their answers and moving on to the next question.

Additionally, there doesn't seem to be a way to keep track of individual user's scores. Perhaps the scores could somehow be associated with their Wiki Login?

Need ability to track answers and attendance
I'm in charge of the training program and am looking for a better way to get training and awareness materials plus tests to about ~1000 users. I would need the ability to:
 * See who has accessed the training materials, i.e., watched a video or followed a link to the video
 * See who has taken the quiz
 * See what their scores were
 * Set a pass/fail threshold
 * Disallow tampering with the source code
 * Disallow re-taking of a question or test/quiz once answered
 * Have MediaWiki and/or an extension that works with Active Directory so users don't have to create an account or login--the software would just know who they were once they hit the Wiki's URL.
 * I'm open to using a fresh MediaWiki installation or a packaged deal that may cost a little money

Order
could you add a quiz type which requires placing a list of items in order (horizontal for lexical, vertical is good for chronological)

A B C D E _ _ _ _ _

with context hint

A I U __ E __ O __

Matching List
and another type - matching two lists: 1 oranges   [] are yellow 2 apples    [] make honey 3 bees      [] are sweet 4 lemon     [] are orange

(could be done with drop list like http://hotpot.uvic.ca/wintutor6/jmatch1.htm

OrenBochman (talk) 16:23, 17 March 2012 (UTC)

How did I Break?
Had this extension installed and working fine since early 2010. Then this year I seemed to have somehow broken this extension. Have worked through all other extensions to see if clash, delete and reinstall one by one, with no luck. My IT support guru cannot find problem so I am here for any suggestions. Answers display when page reloaded and no formatting appears. Wonderful extension, I miss it......

http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=ANAT2341_Quiz_Example

<IP_ADDRESS> Mark H. 00:32, 11 June 2012 (UTC)

Need ability to track answers and attendance
I'm in charge of the training program at work and am looking for a better way to get training and awareness materials plus tests to about ~1000 users. I would need the ability to:
 * See who has accessed the training materials, i.e., watched a video or followed a link to the video
 * See who has taken the quiz
 * See what their scores were
 * Set a pass/fail threshold
 * Disallow tampering with the source code
 * Disallow re-taking of a question or test/quiz once answered
 * Have MediaWiki and/or an extension that works with Active Directory so users don't have to create an account or login--the software would just know who they were once they hit the Wiki's URL from inside our domain.
 * I'm open to using a fresh MediaWiki installation or a packaged deal that may cost a little money

How to hide feedbacks before correction?
Hello.

Sorry for the question that may be recurent, but I have an issue when displaying the quizzes, means the feedback are displayed from the begining, before I press the submit button.

I am running Windows 10 version 1607, build 14493.693 I tried both Google Chrome 56.0.2924.87 and Internet Explorer 11.576.14393.0 and Javascript is enabled on both browsers.

Any idea on what I have missed?

Thank you for your reply.

Regards,

--Sundgauvien38 (discuss • contribs) 09:03, 7 March 2017 (UTC)

 * Looks to had been a bug that is now fixed (see here).
 * --Sundgauvien38 (discuss • contribs) 11:52, 9 March 2017 (UTC)

How to random selection of questions?
I want 10 of the 50 questions to be randomly selected on an exam page.

something like this

can it be done?

Script to Convert Wikiversity Quiz Questions for Use in Learning Management Systems including Moodle and Canvas using Respondus Template
Hi,

I created a Python script that will convert Wikiversity multiple choice questions with feedback to a standard template that is compatible with many learning management systems (LMS). The script is available here: https://github.com/JMMaok/wikiversity-conversion.

This was something that I created for my own goals, including to learn Python, so I recognize its limitations. Yet if you have a large number of multiple choice questions in Wikiversity and want to put them in an LMS, this script will save a lot of time.

Please let me know if there is a better place or way to share this with the Wikiversity community.

JMMaok (discuss • contribs) 20:40, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Use of '}'
How can I use closing curly brackets within the 'Question' part? '}' an important element of many programming languages. E.g.:

{Is there a syntax error? - Yes + No
 * type=""}

Currently, the template renders to: Is there a syntax error?  var persons = ['Alice', 'Bert', 'Caesar']; for (var i = 0; i < persons.length; i++) { alert(persons[i]); because the closing curly bracket of the JavaScript example closes the template. Kelti (discuss • contribs) 14:49, 21 October 2022 (UTC)

 * @Kelti You might try {}. (View source for details.) -- Dave Braunschweig (discuss • contribs) 02:04, 22 October 2022 (UTC)

 * HTML entities are not recognized. They are shown verbatim. --Kelti (discuss • contribs) 04:33, 22 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Help talk:Quiz


text:
Talk:Charles Mulligan

bear-knuckle champion ?
Isn´t Charles Mulligan also the name of a bear-knuckle champion? (http://dribbble.s3.amazonaws.com/users/77969/screenshots/405280/db_charlesmulligans.jpg). Has anyone information of him? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:37, 7 March 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Charles Mulligan. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110707155719/http://www.archsculptbooks.com/home.htm to http://www.archsculptbooks.com/home.htm

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:33, 3 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Charles Mulligan


text:
GamePark Holdings

GPH, formerly known as GamePark Holdings, was a South Korean company responsible for creating the GP2X. It was founded by former employees of the game maker GamePark in 2005.

History
Several years after the release of the GP32, its maker GamePark began to design their next handheld. A disagreement within the company about the general direction of this system prompted many of the staff (including the majority of engineers) to leave and create their own company, GamePark Holdings, to create, produce and market a 2D handheld system that they saw as the evolution of the GP32. In contrast, GamePark began developing the XGP, a 3D system similar to the PlayStation Portable. The XGP was never released and in March 2007, the old company filed for bankruptcy.

The name of the 2D console was conceived as the GPX2. Eventually, GPH would run into difficulty with it due to a possible trademark violation with the name of a Japanese printer, the GPX, being considered too similar. Potential confusion with a "second generation printer" needed to be avoided, so a contest for a new name was announced on August 3, 2005. Around 1500 names were submitted by the deadline of the 15th day, but trademark issues hindered the registration of the fifteen selected names. Eventually, GamePark Holdings simply decided to swap some letters and name their handheld GP2X, finding it an available trademark.

By the time it was discontinued in August 2008, 60,000 GP2X units had been sold. In May 2009, the GP2X Wiz was released, the successor to the GP2X.

In August 2010 GPH launched a new handheld console, Caanoo, as a successor to the GP2X Wiz, with games purchased through GPH's simultaneously released online app/game store called FunGP. The Caanoo failed to sell well.

In March 23, 2013, they discontinued their business service, and the post processing for the CAANOO consoles was proceeded by AR Plus.

title: GamePark Holdings


text:
User:JWSchmidt/Blog/7 February 2007

Wiki Campus Radio  One possible use for the Sandbox Server would be to allow Wikiversity participants to chat and record discussions. The goal is to record the discussion, edit it and have a high quality OGG sound file. Discuss possible times above. As a proof of concept a few Wikiversity participants recently used open source software to hold an online discussion and talk about Wiki Campus Radio and the Sandbox Server. I like the idea of having a "distributed time" approach in which people can "layer" comments onto a past discussion. I did not participate in the original discussion, but I was able to add in my comments after the initial discussion.

An edited version (six minutes) of the voice chat session is in. This edited version was made from the much longer. I used GarageBand to edit the original sound file. GarageBand will open AIFF, WAV, AAC and MP3 files. I used the GUI audio file converter called Super (for Windows, see this review) to convert the original OGG audio file into an AAC audio file. Using GarageBand, I edited out dead air, speech that was too quiet or too loud as well as off topic dialog. I just wanted a short audio clip that would demonstrate an ability to record multiple people having a discussion. GarageBand is also good at increasing the volume of quiet sounds and reducing the volume of loud sounds, so I was able to even out some very quiet input and some very loud input. GarageBand produces .m4a files, a form of MPEG. For video OGG files, I use the conversion method shown at Podcasting. I decided to try Music Man demo to convert the audio m4a file to an OGG file. It worked fine, but I am in the market for a totally free alternative (note: the VLC media player for Mac OS X did this conversion, but produced an OGG file that is more than twice as large as the file made by Music Man). --JWSchmidt 03:55, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Modified and expanded version. I made by adding some commentary to  and I also added in some comments from Jimmy Wales about Wikiversity. . Help with ogg audio play. This is about 15 minutes play time and a 12 Mb download.

title: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/7 February 2007


text:
Albert Waugh

Albert Edmund Waugh (September 28, 1902 — March 6, 1985) was an American economist and long-time academic administrator at the University of Connecticut (UConn) from 1924 to 1965. He served as provost from 1950 to 1965. Waugh's journal, which he kept daily from 1941 to 1974, gave unique insight into the history, academics, and life of the university and was an important primary source for historians such as Bruce M. Stave.

Early life and education
Waugh was born on September 28, 1902, in Amherst, Massachusetts. His father was University of Massachusetts Amherst landscape architect Frank Albert Waugh, and his brother was United States Department of Agriculture agricultural economist Frederick V. Waugh. Albert Waugh earned his Bachelor of Science degree in economics from the Massachusetts Agricultural College in 1924 and his Master of Science degree from the Connecticut Agricultural College in 1926. He attended Columbia University in 1925 and the University of Chicago in 1931–1932 and 1942–1943.

Career
Waugh joined Connecticut Agricultural College as an instructor of agricultural economics in 1924. He was promoted to assistant professor in 1928, associate professor in 1932, and professor in 1937. He served as head of the Department of Economics from 1939 to 1945, Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences from 1945 to 1950, and provost of the university from 1950 to 1965, when he retired after forty-one years of service.

During his tenure, Waugh served on numerous university committees, including scholastic standards, curricula and courses, and athletics. He served as a member of the University Senate, elected and ex-officio, during most of his years at the university. He was responsible for construction of the UConn Planetarium on North Eagleville Road in 1954. It is the oldest planetarium in the state. Waugh was also instrumental to launching UConn's early college experience program in 1956, making UConn the first in the nation to offer high school students the opportunity to take college courses in their high school settings. He dealt with numerous controversies during his time as provost, including McCarthyite campaigns against faculty.

Waugh was a member of the American Economic Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association of University Professors, and Phi Kappa Phi. He served as a trustee of the Norwich State Hospital and the Windham Community Hospital and a director of the Willimantic Trust Company. He moderated Mansfield town meetings for more than forty years, beginning in 1941. In 1965, the Connecticut Republican Party selected him to attend the state's constitutional convention. Waugh served on the State Institutional Building Commission.

Waugh was a sundial enthusiast, described as a "world authority" on the subject by the Hartford Courant. He designed sundials at Mystic Seaport and other locations and wrote Sundials: Their Theory and Construction, published by Dover Publications in 1973. Waugh was the only American invited to join a German organization called "Friends of Old Clocks." He traveled to Europe four times to visit timekeepers there. In 1974, UConn dedicated in his honor a large sundial, garden, and quadrangle opposite the William Benton Museum of Art on UConn's Storrs campus.

Waugh published two textbooks: Elements of Statistical Method (1938), which was translated into Portuguese in 1946, and Principles of Economics (1947).

Death
Waugh died on March 6, 1985, at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston after a long illness. He was survived by his wife, Edith, and sons John S. Waugh and Robert E. Waugh.

title: Albert Waugh


text:
Talk:Sunburn (Fuel album)

Fair use rationale for Image:Fuel-SunburnExpanded.jpg
Image:Fuel-SunburnExpanded.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 20:35, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:SunburnCover.jpg
Image:SunburnCover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 06:30, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sunburn (Fuel album)


text:
Common Application

The Common Application (more commonly known as the Common App) is an undergraduate college admission application that applicants may use to apply to over 1,000 member colleges and universities in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, as well as in Canada, China, Japan, and many European countries.

Member colleges and universities that accept the Common App are made up of over 250 public universities, 12 historically black colleges and universities, and over 400 institutions that do not require an application fee. It is managed by the staff of a not-for-profit membership association (The Common Application, Inc.) and governed by a 18-member volunteer Board of Directors drawn from the ranks of college admission deans and secondary school college counselors. Its mission is to promote access, equity, and integrity in the college admission process, which includes subjective factors gleaned from essays and recommendations alongside more objective criteria such as class rank.

Membership
Of the Common Application's over 1,000 member institutions, about one-third are "exclusive users" that use the Common Application as their only admissions application online or in print (listed https://www.commonapp.org/explore/). If the member has a separate proprietary application, they are required to give equal consideration to applicants using either form as a condition of membership.

Digital application system
There are different Common Applications for first-year admission and transfer admission. The application is filled out once online and can be submitted to all schools of the applicant's choosing, with the same information going to different schools. Some schools require supplemental materials, such as essays, that are specific to that school. Once the application is submitted to a college online, it cannot be changed for that college; the student must contact the college directly if they wish to correct an error or provide more information. The Common Application also allows the student to submit and track other components of their application such as supplemental questions, recommendation letters, application fees, and school forms. Students may also roll over their account information within the Common App tab of the dashboard from year to year, using the same user name and password.

The Common Application allows applicants to self-report standardized test scores (including the SAT and ACT) and international educational qualifications (such as GCE A-levels or the Baccalauréat).

Competition
The Universal College Application was started in 2007 and, as of December 2023, had 2 participating institutions.

The Coalition Application was created by a consortium of 80 colleges and universities known as the Coalition for Access, Affordability, and Success, in September 2015. By 2019, the organization was renamed the Coalition for College; that year around 150 universities participated. The Coalition application was created in an attempt to facilitate a holistic process of application, and includes "lockers" where students can create a portfolio starting in 9th grade.

The Common Black College Application (CBCA) was started in 1998 to facilitate the process of applying to Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU). Students are able to complete the CBCA and apply to any number of the 67 participating colleges (as of 2022) at the same time for a fee that is typically $20.

title: Common Application


text:
Talk:Sandalwood

Proposed Merging
I think santalum spicatum should remain it's own article. It specifically describes a species of santalum and as such should be allowed to stay as it is. Sjschen 09:24, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Ideally sandalwood should be a general article, with separate articles for the several species that contribute wood. Brya 11:10, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, that's what I meant. I guess I phrased it kinda weird. Sjschen 00:38, 27 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Absolutely. Merging species articles is unacceptable. Snottygobble 01:59, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

Another proposed merge
Chandan is way too cool a word to merge with any others. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:13, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

Chandan should not be merged as: (1) Not only does it mean sandalwood it is also a common name in India. (2) Historically Chandan also represented the full moon while Chandini the new. (3) And ofcourse, it's too cool to be merged with anything, except perhaps Rajah.. ;-) — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:54, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Merge. Snottygobble 12:35, 9 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge Sjschen 16:37, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

Revert for now
I found this Sanskrit - Chandana, Bhadrashri
 * (chandanam?? what nonsense is 'chandanam'??)

Tamil - Sandanam, Chandanam

Telugu  - Chandanam, Hari chandanam, Srigandham

at. Deletion seems rash but will seek guidance Fred 02:56, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Add this to your list
 * In Kannada : Srigandha, Gandha == Sandalwood. And Karnataka is incidentally called 'SirigandhadaguDi' or the 'Temple of Sandalwood'.  But all that is besides the point.  Surely (almost) every language in the world will have its equivalent for "Sandalwood".  My question is what in the world is the need to mention it?  This is the en.wikipedia and surely the respective language wikis can have their own articles for "Sandalwood".   Sarvagnya 16:17, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

In Tamil Sandanam (San+Danam) means "Many Properties". — Preceding unsigned comment added by Malarmisai (talk • contribs) 06:39, 10 November 2010 (UTC)

Why Sandalwood
Is it used to make sandals? --WhiteDragon 15:14, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

I'm curious about that myself. Anyone? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:59, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

Probably nothing to do with sandals. "Santalum" is believed to have come from the sanskrit word chandanam/candanah. Sjschen (talk) 04:16, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

It does seem that if the name is a corruption of the Sanskrit, and has nothing to do with the footwear, the article should say as much. --Minturn (talk) 18:17, 11 November 2022 (UTC)

Homeopathy stuff
"Sandalwood oil is very nutritious for the skin and this is what causes the spots and blackheads to be eliminated" - evidence? That claim certainly doesn't fit with the mainstream medical theory of what causes spots... —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:00, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

Religious uses
I've edited the religious use section a bit--not all bindi in Hinduism are created from sandalwood paste. I omitted the Wiccan mention of a conversion rite completely as it was misleading (sandalwood may be referenced in some initiatory rites, but there isn't a conversion rite per se in most forms of Wiccan liturgy). Overall, the section of religious use could do with more expert writing (if elaboration is needed at all). --Snowgrouse (talk) 12:40, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The section on Buddhism is vague and ambiguous. What is the "padma (lotus) group?"  There should at least be a link to this in another article.Trashbird1240 (talk) 14:50, 29 December 2011 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and careful attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 02:10, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

Greater Stick-nest Rat
I have removed claims that a) the removal of Australian Sandalwood trees in particular led to the extinction of the Greater Stick-nest Rat on the Australian mainland, and b) that the nests of the Greater Stick-nest Rat were constructed with Australian Sandalwood as an indispensible element. I have not readily found support for either of these claims; see e.g. http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/WR97056.htm Cstaffa (talk) 23:53, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

Used in the most expensive perfume in the word
See Perfumed called No.1 by Clive Christian, uses Sandalwood. www.clive.com

Any details appreciated. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:10, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

Sandalwood in different languages
What is the point of having the term in different languages? Wikipedia is not a dictionary Warrior4321talk 14:53, 12 July 2009 (UTC)

Hemiparasitic
Why is that word in the introduction? Or rather, why is it not linked to an article on hemiparasitism? There's nothing on hemiparasitism in the article on parasitism, either.Tuanomsoc (talk) 06:27, 14 November 2010 (UTC)

Correcting many article problems
There are many problems with the article, please bear with me. You may not agree with a particular point, but please consider them individually.

1) As noted above by Warrior4321, translating the topic name into several languages is inappropriate. Wikipedia is not -- and cannot be -- an international dictionary where the local word is given for every item used locally. It's an English encyclopedia.

2) Vandalism. IP <IP_ADDRESS> introduced six vandalism errors, that I've reverted.

3) Overlinking. Following WP:OVERLINKING, the best choice for Wikilinks are unusual terms that a reader is not likely to recognize. E.g., here's no reason to link "Australia" when most eight-year-olds know what it is from watching TV. Also, if a term is linked once, there's no reason to link it again.

4) WP:PEACOCK language. The Wiki page has a helpful list of words that are liable to be peacock. If a superlative, especially an uncited superlative, can be removed without a major shift to meaning, it should be. Peacock words confuse readers in an encyclopedia into believing there is concrete, factual implication, where in fact it may be simply a literary device or an editor's opinion. Thus phrases such as "valued and treasured", "widely considered" and "very distinctive" are removed.

5) I removed a rediect to Cendana School, which is only related to the article topic etymologically.

6) I removed an external link to http://www.ageless.co.za/herb-sandalwood.htm, a site whose purpose is to sell sandalwood oil, and whose text is dubious, unencyclopedic, and unreferenced. Equally http://www.royalsandal.com is a commercial site with no particular information to add to the article or to what is supplied in the other external references.

7) The article is largely lacking citations, and about every other sentence could use one, since the topic seems to attract editors who are writing from their personal, local experience. While there's no question sandalwood has religious uses, I'm uncomfortable with statements that a whole religion -- such as Hinduism or Buddhism -- sees sandalwood as "soothing" or "maintaining alertness" -- effects which seem to be in contradiction. Do all branches of Hinduism and Buddhism treat sandalwood the same way? It's certainly not so. Therefore, these broad claims should be qualified and referenced.

8) Price and ecology. I've retained comments about cost, quality and ecology because they need discussion. Very many plants are subject to economic pressures and regulation. It's unclear what makes sandalwood or the extracted oil distinctive.

9) The physical aspects of usage should be spelled out. I'm only familiar with sandalwood as a type of incense stick, but there are apparently other uses. The comment "it is an excellent fixative to enhance the head space of other fragrances" should be explained.

10) I'm confused as to what exactly is considered "genuine" sandalwood. And why some is considered "better". Is there some cross-use of other plants that are "sandalwood-like"? (Here I'm speaking situations similar to Wasabi, where most commercial "Wasabi" is just horseradish, and contains no actual Wasabi root.)

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:46, 6 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Re "true" sandalwood - some seem to think that only S. album qualifies as "genuine" sandalwood. However, from what I can tell all species in Santalum have the same fragrance characteristics and are commercially interchangeable.  It's more important to distinguish these from other trees with similar aromas that are sometimes also marketed as "sandalwood" but are inferior.  For example, sandalwood furniture retains its fragrance after 200+ years; the others don't.  KarlM (talk) 08:30, 7 March 2011 (UTC)

11) "Sandalwood oil prices have risen to $2,000 per kg recently" This statement should have a date eg: (2016) or (Dec 2016). "Recently" is not accurate and can be misleading.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:07, 19 January 2017 (UTC)

Genetic Modification or Imporvement of Sandalwood Production
Indian Sandalwood is becoming very rare. Any information on any attempts to create faster growing trees or more productive trees? This would be very interesting. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:38, 27 May 2013 (UTC)

Fairness
The chandanam is used be women as a fairness treatment. Makes skin smooth and clear too — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:55, 8 November 2013 (UTC)

Unit measurement of sandalwood oil
I noticed in the third bulleted item in the section "True sandalwoods", that sandalwood oil is sold by the kilogram (I added the conversion template from kilograms to pounds). It says "20,000 kg (44,000 lbs) per year". I was puzzled that a solid unit of measurement, kilograms, is used for an oil. I thought oil was a liquid and that a liquid unit of measurement would be used. Could someone elucidate this for me?CorinneSD (talk) 00:36, 27 January 2014 (UTC)

Books on Indian sandalwood
FRAGRANCE OF THE WORLD, SANTALUM ALBUM QUEEN OF SANDALWOOD, THE INDIAN SANDALWOOD SANTALUM ALBUM — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:23, 7 July 2016 (UTC)

Second most expensive wood?
I feel the claim that sandalwood is the second most expensive wood in the world needs some clarification. Agar/aloeswood is considerably more expensive than sandalwood. The source listed for this lists sandalwood's _extracted oil_ at approximately $5-6 thousand/kg at the time of its publication in 2012; the agarwood article here on Wikipedia lists the price of "superior pure material" that isn't adulterated at $100 thousand/kg. Relatedly, the link to this source expired in April. Should it be updated to a link to the contextual page on Academia.edu (which is the only place I've found the paper) as opposed to a direct link to a PDF that will expire? --Notjerl (talk) 06:06, 14 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sandalwood


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/lyfboat

Links

 * lyfboat resolves to [//X X]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * COIBot domainredlist search for link lyfboat gives:
 * lyfboat (Automonitor: reported to en:Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Spam (diff))
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Users
No users found.

Additions
No additions recorded.


text:
Template talk:plurale tantum

The category is called "Pluralia tantum". Isn't the plural "pluralia tanta"? PierreAbbat 03:11, 5 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Though it might seem like it should be, it isn’t: tantum is an adverb (‘only’) not a second-declension adjective... Tkinias 19:05, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

Used only for English?
I used this template in a Swedish word (Socialdemokraterna), and it was automatically placed in Category:English pluralia tantum. Should this template only be used for English words? HymylyT@C 17:24, 6 December 2008 (UTC)
 * It is readily fixed by adding the parameter |lang=sv. \Mike 18:55, 13 December 2008 (UTC)

title: Template talk:plurale tantum


text:
Talk:So (band)

Untitled
If you feel that the band cannot be on Wikipedia because they were a one-hit wonder, so be it.

But here's my SO tale.

SO released their only album in the late 80s in the US. The single "Are You Sure" got radio airplay, enough that I bought the cassette when the album "Horseshoe in the Glove" came out.

In the 90s, my tape became damaged, so looked up a US rare albums shop in Pittsburgh PA, two states away, and bought a CD copy of the album for an extraorbitant price.

Five years later, I found a used copy at a used CD shop for a dollar.

They were big enough to get a US record contract for that one album, is that not enough for a single article? Not like it eats up a lot of space on the wiki. Taniwha 14:56, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Notability tag removed on #1 basis:

Has had a charted hit on any national music chart, in at least one large or medium-sized country.

"Are You Sure" charted in both the U.S. and the U.K. Notability issue, over!

Jenolen 09:33, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:So (band)


text:
Turn Village

Turn Village is a hamlet in the Rossendale borough of Lancashire, England. It is located in the South Pennines, on the A680 road between Edenfield and Norden. Population details are included in Ramsbottom.

The surrounding moorland is the site for Scout Moor Wind Farm, the second largest onshore wind farm in England, which remains popular with Paragliders.

The village is home to Bleakholt Animal Sanctuary and the Fisherman's Retreat restaurant.

title: Turn Village


text:
UK Constitution and Government/Judiciary

Presentation
The Judiciary

Previous Chapter | Next Chapter --

Structure
The United Kingdom is made up of three separate legal jurisdictions, each with a separate laws and hierarchy of courts: England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

England and Wales
England and Wales is a common law jurisdiction.

Lower courts
The lowest court in England and Wales is the Magistrates' Court. Magistrates, also known as Justices of the Peace, are laypersons appointed by the Sovereign. The court hears "summary" offences (punishable by six months or less in prison). When hearing such cases, three magistrates sit together as a panel without a jury. In some metropolitan areas, such as London, there are no magistrates; instead, summary cases are tried by a single District Judge who is trained in law.

Serious criminal cases are tried before a Crown Court with a judge and a jury of twelve. The accused may also choose to have certain summary offences referred from the magistrates' court to the Crown Court, in order for their case to be tried before a jury; the Crown Court also hears appeals from magistrates' courts. Though the Crown Court is constituted as a single body for the whole of England and Wales, it sits permanently at multiple places throughout its area of jurisdiction.

The counterpart to the Crown and Magistrates' Courts in the civil justice system is the County Court. There are over 200 County Courts throughout England and Wales.

High Court
The High Court of England and Wales takes appeals from the County Court, and also has an original jurisdiction in certain matters.

The High Court is constituted into three divisions: the Family Division, the Chancery Division, and the Queen's Bench Division.

The Family Division is presided over by the President of the Family Division, and hears cases involving family matters such as matrimonial breakdown, child custody and welfare, and adoption.

The Chancery Division is presided over by the Chancellor of the High Court (formerly known as the Vice-Chancellor), and hears cases involving land, companies, bankruptcy, and probate.

The Queen's Bench Division is presided over by the President of the Queen's Bench Division, and hears cases involving torts (civil wrongs). The Queen's Bench Division also includes four subordinate courts: the Admiralty Court (dealing with shipping), the Commercial Court (dealing with insurance, banking, and commerce), the Technology and Construction Court (dealing with complex technological matters), and the Administrative Court (exercising judicial review over the actions of local government). The Queen's Bench Division also has oversight of the lower courts.

Court of Appeal
Above the High Court in civil cases, and the Crown Court in criminal cases, is the Court of Appeal, headed by the Master of the Rolls, and including 35 Lords Justices of Appeal as well as other judges.

The Court of Appeal is divided into a Civil Division (presided over by the Master of the Rolls) and a Criminal Division (presided over by the Lord Chief Justice). Generally speaking, appeals may only be heard "by leave"; that is, with the permission of the either the Court of Appeal or the judge whose decision is being contested. In some cases, it is possible to "leapfrog" the High Court and bring a case directly from a County Court.

Together, the Crown Court, the High Court, and Court of Appeal constitute the Senior Courts (formerly known as the Supreme Court of Judicature). Thus, since they are theoretically one body, it is possible for judges of one court to sit in other courts. Appeals from the Senior Courts go to the Supreme Court; it is also possible to leapfrog from the High Court, but not from the Crown Court. Normally, leave to appeal to the Supreme Court is not granted unless the case is of great legal or constitutional importance.

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland's system is based on that used in England and Wales, with a similar hierarchy of magistrates' court, the Crown Court (for criminal trials), county courts (for civil trials), the High Court, and the Court of Appeal.

Appeals from Northern Ireland lie to the Supreme Court.

Scotland
In contrast with the rest of the United Kingdom, Scotland uses a mixture of common law and civil law. Its court system was developed independently of that in England. The Act of Union (1707) guarantees the continuance of Scotland's different legal system.

Lower courts
Summary jurisdiction is exercised by Justice of the Peace Courts, held either by three Justices of the Peace (lay magistrates) sitting together, or by a Justice of the Peace sitting with a legally qualified clerk. As in England and Wales, professional judges may sit in certain metropolitan areas.

Above the Justice of the Peace Courts are the Sheriff Courts, of which there are around 50. Sheriff Courts hear both criminal and civil cases, and are held before a judge known as a Sheriff, and have a jury of fifteen people. Sheriff Courts are grouped into six different Sheriffdoms, headed by a Sheriff Principal who hears appeals from cases not decided by a jury.

High Court of Justiciary
The highest criminal court in Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary. The judges of the court are also the judges of the Court of Session (see below); as High Court judges they are known as Lords Commissioners of Justiciary. The head of the court is the Lord Justice-General (also the Lord President of the Court of Session), with a deputy known as the Lord Justice Clerk (who holds the same office in the Court of Session). Altogether the High Court has up to 32 individual judges.

The High Court has exclusive jurisdiction in serious crimes, such as murder or drug trafficking, in which case a single judge sits with a jury of fifteen. The High Court also hears appeals from Justice of the Peace Courts, and hears appeals in criminal cases from Sheriff Courts.

Appeals against decisions by a High Court judge in criminal cases are heard by either two (in appeals against sentences) or three (in appeals against conviction) High Court judges. No appeal lies beyond the High Court.

Court of Session
The highest civil court in Scotland is the Court of Session. Its judges also sit as judges of the High Court of Justiciary (see above); as Court of Session judges they are known as Lords and Ladies of Council and Session, or Senators of the College of Justice. The Court is headed by the Lord President, with a Lord Justice Clerk as deputy. Altogether the Court of Session has up to 32 individual judges.

The Court of Session is divided into the Outer House (made up of nineteen judges), and the Inner House (made up of the remaining judges). The Outer House has original jurisdiction, while the Inner House has appellate jurisdiction. The Inner House is further divided into the First and Second Divisions, headed by the Lord President and Lord Justice Clerk respectively. Sometimes, when many cases are before the court, an Extra Division may be appointed. Each Division may sit as a panel hearing an appeal from the Sheriff Court or from the Outer House.

Appeals from the Court of Session lie to the Supreme Court.

Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the ultimate court of appeal in all civil matters, as well as in criminal cases (other than from Scotland), and also has original jurisdiction in devolution cases.

The Supreme Court has replaced the jurisdiction previously exercised by the House of Lords in the latter's now-abolished judicial capacity. The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is not to be confused with the Supreme Court of Judicature, the name formerly held by (a) the Senior Courts, in England and Wales, and (b) the Court of Judicature, in Northern Ireland.

The Supreme Court is headed by a President, who has a Deputy President. There are a further ten puisne judges.

Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council formerly held original jurisdiction in the United Kingdom in devolution cases, and continues to hold appellate jurisdiction over the ecclesiastical courts of the Church of England. Appeals to the Privy Council as a court of last resort also lie from the Crown dependencies, the British overseas territories, and from certain Commonwealth countries.

Membership of the Judicial Committee is made up of Justices of the Supreme Court, Privy Counsellors who are or were Lord Justices of Appeal in either England and Wales or Northern Ireland, members of the Inner House of Scotland's Court of Session, and selected senior judges from certain other Commonwealth countries. Members retire at the age of 75.

Appeals to Her Majesty in Council are referred to the Judicial Committee, which formally reports to the Queen in Council, who in turn formally confirms the report. By agreement, appeals from certain Commonwealth countries lie directly to the Judicial Committee itself.

The Queen-in-Council also considers appeals from the disciplinary committees of certain medical bodies such as the Royal College of Surgeons. Also, cases against the Church Commissioners (who administer the Church of England's property estates) may be considered. Appeals may be heard from certain ecclesiastic courts (the Court of Arches in Canterbury, and the Chancery Court in York) in cases that do not involve Church doctrine. Appeals may also be heard from certain dormant courts, including Prize Courts (which hear cases relating to the capture of enemy ships at sea, and the ownership of property seized from captured ships) and the Court of Admiralty of the Cinque Ports. Finally, the Queen-in-Council determines if an individual is qualified to be elected to the House of Commons under the House of Commons Disqualification Act.

ECHR and ECJ
In addition to the above domestic courts, there are two further courts which can be said to exercise a jurisdiction over the United Kingdom.

The European Court of Human Rights deals with cases concerning alleged infringements of the European Convention on Human Rights.

The European Court of Justice deals with cases concerning alleged infringements of European Union law.


text:
Concept Classification/Power Tactics for Teaching

Back to Topic: Instructional Design > Cognitive Menu > Concept Classification > Define >  Learn >  Teach >  Routine >  Power >  Try >  References

Overview
When a concept is difficult for the learners to learn to classify, additional tactics can be used to increase the power of the instruction. It is helpful to think of such instructional enhancement as existing for each routine tactic.

Presentation
So how can the generality be strengthened? There are several ways. You can facilitate encoding by focusing the learner's attention on the important parts of it: the label and the critical characteristics. Or you can facilitate encoding by providing a variety of representations of the generality, like a diagram or a paraphrase. You can also present an algorithm (Landa, 1976), a set of steps for the learner to use in checking to see if all of the critical characteristics are present.

The most obvious way to enhance this routine tactic is to increase the number of examples. But we can also make it easier to learn from each example. Since examples are different from each other, some are likely to be harder to identify as examples of the concept. The easier examples should be presented first, followed by progressively more difficult ones. This is called an easy-to-difficult sequence. We can also use attention-focusing to relate the example to the generality by pointing out the presence or absence of critical characteristics in the example. And we can use a variety of representations for the examples, to facilitate "dual encoding" of the information.

Practice
The only ways that practice itself should be enhanced are to increase the number of practice items, to use an easy-to-difficult sequence, and to include prompting on early practice items. Otherwise, ehancements should be reserved for the feedback.

Feedback
Enhancement on the feedback should be much like on the examples. We can use attention-focusing which relates the instance to the generality by pointing out the presence or absence of critical attributes. And we can use a variety of representations for the correct-answer feedback. Of course, motivational enhancement can also be used: praise for correct answers and encouragement for wrong answers.

Click the Next button to continue.

Source

 * Concept Classification by Charles M. Reigeluth. Used by Permission.


text: File talk:Book by Juozas Lukša - Daumantas. Fighters for Freedom. Lithuanian Partisans Versus the U.S.S.R.jpg


text:
Romania at the 2019 Military World Games

Romania competed at the 2019 Military World Games held in Wuhan, China from 18 to 27 October 2019.


text:
Talk:Girls Educational and Mentoring Services

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Girls Educational and Mentoring Services. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:20, 17 October 2017 (UTC)


text:
alergolog

Noun

 * 1) allergist

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1)  allergist

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) allergist

Noun

 * 1) allergist

title: alergolog


text:
Film Scoring/Theory of Film Scoring

{| cellpadding="15" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 50%; background-color: Lavender; border: 1px solid #777777; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px" |

Why is there music in motion pictures?
Here is why you need music in motion pictures :

 * The actor's words do not clearly explain the emotions of a scene.

 * Often what an actor says is the opposite of what the director wants the audience to feel.

 * Similarly, visual images do not tell the audience what to feel.  Even horror movies have very beautiful visual images.

 * Therefore, the mood of a motion picture comes from the music.

 * Music gives the story more details and impact.

 * The music explains the emotions that the audience should feel.

 * Music can even narrate the story.

 * style="width: 50%; background-color: OldLace; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="2" |

Why use a symphony orchestra?

 * Something special for filmmakers
 * There is something special about a symphony orchestra.

 * Filmmakers do not need to be professional musicians. All filmmakers need do is create moods for a motion picture.

 * You don't need musical talent to do this! You just need a symphony orchestra.

 * What is so special about a symphony orchestra?
 * If you use the sounds of a symphony orchestra, people automatically think you are a genius.

 * The symphony orchestra inside your computer
 * Now, low budget filmmakers can have wonderful sounds of a symphony orchestra using software instruments inside your computer.

 * GarageBand makes this possible. You just add Apple's Jam Pack:Symphony Orchestra or download Ben Boldt's free instrument packages.

 * }

{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 50%; background-color: LightYellow; border: 1px solid blue; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Top secret
I will tell you three secrets. Pay attention!

This is the best information you will ever get about motion pictures.

The three secrets of filmmaking

 * 1. Sound, not the picture, is more important
 * In motion pictures, 90% of what you see on the screen is sound . The visual image that you get in your mind does not come from the picture or even the words of the actors.  Instead, most of the important details of the picture actually come from the sound.

 * Even more important, 100% of what you see off screen comes from sound. The audience only sees a very small portion of the movie set.  All the rest is imagined from the sound.

 * 2. Without music, the audience is confused.

 * All music creates a mood. This mood becomes part of the story.  Therefore, filmmakers can use the music to guide the audience.  Without music of some kind, the emotion of the scene is not clear.

 * 3. Most movies need a narrator.

 * Often, the audience needs someone to explain the movie to them. I do not mean a voice-over narration.  Instead, I mean music which narrates the story.  I call this "narrative music" because it helps tell the story.

 * style="width: 50%; background-color: cornsilk; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 400px;" |

Five kinds of music
The five kinds of music in a motion picture are:
 * 1. The melody line of the actor's voices.
 * This is the ever changing pitch of the actor's voice.

 * 2. Sound effects
 * Many sound effects have a pitch and a rhythm.

 * Music that you add :

 * 3. Background music
 * This is music which enhances all the moods in the scene. This is individual notes, rhythms, and melodies.

 * 4. Narrative music
 * This is music which actually tells a story.

 * 5. Songs
 * This is music which has a single mood. (Therefore, songs are good only for scenes which have a single mood.)

 * }

{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: BlanchedAlmond; border: 1px solid #777777; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="2" |

The Melody Line of the human speaking voice

 * Melody in the dialog
 * Dialog already has a melody. Most people do not realize this. This music comes from the pitch of the actor's voice.

 * If you do not believe me, just try reading a script in a monotone voice to see the huge difference that the melody of the actor brings to the scene.

 * Stage Acting
 * For stage acting, actors are trained to speak with a three octave range or more. This continually changing pitch of the actor's voice is the melody line of the human speaking voice.

 * Stage actors as film actors
 * Many stage actors such as James Cagney and Pat O'Brian speak with a very strong melody line (musical speaking voices). See their classic movie "Angels with Dirty Faces" to hear the melody of the actor's speaking voice.

 * When you have strong performances by trained actors, there is no need for music since the melody line of the actor's voice provides all of the necessary mood for each scene.

 * Modern actors are more realistic
 * Modern actors do not have a strong melody line in their speaking voice. They are much more monotone.  With modern actors, you need more music to explain the movie to the audience.

 * style="width: 40%; background-color: Lavender; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 200px;" |

Background Music
In this course, you will learn three special ways to create background music for motion pictures using programs like Apple's GarageBand.
 * Musical sounds come from three sources.

 * Individual notes and chords

 * Delicate rhythms

 * Simple melodies

Background music is called that because dialog can go over it. Foreground music (usually narrative music) cannot have dialog over it.

 * style="width: 40%; background-color: Lavender; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 200px;" |
 * style="width: 40%; background-color: Lavender; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 200px;" |

Sources of music for motion pictures

 * Organic sounds - Single notes as typified by the "sound of fear" which is the first lesson.

 * Rhythm - Delicate, repeating notes as typified by the "sound of joy" which is the second lesson.

 * Melody - For non-musicians, melody comes from midi files of classical music and Broadway musicals. For non-musicians, this is where all your skills of "cut & paste", simplify, and organize are put to the test.

 * }

{| cellpadding="15" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 50%; background-color: Lavender; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px" |

Note : Special editing for narrative music

 * Narrative music requires special film editing.

Because the music which narrates the story will drown out any dialog, the editor must add gaps between the dialog.

That is, you must cut between the sentences or ideas in a motion picture and pull them apart.

 * style="width: 50%; background-color: OldLace; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="2" |

Bottom line

 * Since the film's editor and the film's composer must work closely together, it is easier for the composer and the editor to be the same person.

 * That can be you... once you finish these lessons!

 * You can be both
 * You can learn to be both a film editor and a film composer.

 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 100%; background-color: LemonChiffon; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="2" |

The next page

 * Next look at some of the theories of music in motion pictures.
 * The different kinds of music in a film score. [[Image:Crystal Clear action forward.png|24px]]

 * }

title: Film Scoring/Theory of Film Scoring


text:
User:CROWSDEN

VOTE FOR WILLIAM T. NEWTON

MARYLAND HOUSE OF DELEGATES INDEPENDENT / DISTRICT 5B

"YOU'VE DONE WORSE !"

ACCOMPLISHMENTS AWARDS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: AS AN INDEPENDENT CANDIDATE RUNNING IN A LARGELY DEMOCRATE STATE, WILLIAM T. NEWTON HAS RUN IN (2) PREVIOUS ELECTIONS AS A "WRITE-IN" SINCE MARYLAND DOESN'T RECOGNIZE THE THIRD PARTY...... IS'NT IT ABOUT TIME YOU VOTED FOR WILLIAM T. NEWTON....."YOU'VE DONE WORSE !"
 * President and founder of FREEDOM'S FEW OF MARYLAND, INC. a tax-exempt charitable 501(c)(3) organization that provides toys to children at christmas and food for the needy during holidays. This organization is a non-drinking/non-drugging community based volunteer group.
 * Newton is the past recipient of: the "Baltimore County Bridge Builder Award" for volunteer service, education and cultural diversity,
 * (3) time "Golden Rule Award" nominee,
 * "Maryland Shares Award" for community service,
 * a (4) time nominee of the "Maryland Most Beautiful People" volunteer award,
 * the "Governor's Citation " for civic mindness,
 * recieved the U.S.Congressional "Freedom Flag" for community spirit,
 * honoree-Office of National Drug Control Policy/Executive Office of the President of the United States,
 * the Baltimore County Minority Advisory Council's "Humanitarian and Community Services Award",
 * Baltimore County "Good Neighbor Award" for outstanding service,
 * He recieved a Baltimore County Grant as a substance abuse educator and admistrator for his "Absolutly Free" drug awareness campaign,
 * William T. Newton is a member of the P.T.A., and is a creator or a sponsor of the following: The Boy Scout Summer Camp Project, Maryland Trooper's Anti-Drug Publication, A.I.M., NHMRO, BAM, ASAV, Charter member of NMAI.
 * He has accepted letters of acknowledgement or certificates of accomplishment from (4) Governors, (2) County Executives, (1) Mayor, (1) United States Senator-Colorado, (3) Delegates-Maryland, (1) Delegate-N. Hampshire, (1) County Councilman.....
 * He has worked on the "Clean Water Action Committee",
 * Maryland Adopt-A-Highway program,
 * Veteran's Groups,
 * Senior Citizen Centers,
 * and has worked with local historical groups on behalf of Reisterstown, MD,
 * He has been acting as the lead "pro se" attorney in a Maryland landmark case concerning eminant domain and private property rights, "NEWTON vs. BALTIMORE GAS & ELECTRIC COMPANY"....

title: User:CROWSDEN


text:
Talk:Frances Ward (priest)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Frances Ward (priest)


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L107

L107 was a Scottish Independent Local Radio station, serving Lanarkshire. The station broadcast on 107.5 and 107.9 FM from studios and offices in Hamilton.

History
L107 replaced '107 The Edge', which was originally launched as "Clan FM" from 1999 until 2003, when it was saved from closure by the Kingdom Radio Group and rebranded. Within two years, the station was again saved from closure by former BBC Radio 1 and Radio Clyde presenter Mark Page (founder of the UK forces station Garrison Radio), who led its relaunch as L107, a full service local station.

The station closed at 10am on 18 August 2008 but was again saved and reopened at 9am on 26 August 2008 following a buyout and continued broadcasting for a further two years.

The station went off air for almost a week on 30 April 2010 when its main transmitter was removed from its Hamilton site.

After a period of a week of dead air followed by several days of automated music and commercials, L107's licence was handed back to the broadcasting regulator Ofcom on Thursday 11 November 2010. Earlier that month, the regulator had recorded a breach of format against the station regarding its local news output.

title: L107


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Tamil Christian keerthanai

Tamil Christian Keerthanai or kīrttaṉai (Keerthanai meaning Songs of Praise) are devotional Christian songs in Tamil. They are also referred to as "lyrics" (a genre term) by Tamils in English.

These are mostly a collection of indigenous hymns written by Protestant Tamil Christian poets. A few of them are translations of Christian hymns from other languages. They use the kīrttaṉai form that includes the classical karnatak raga (mode) and tala (rhythmic cycle) designations for each song. Some of these ragas and talas are followed in Church practice, while from the 1940s, other kīrttaṉai were adapted to simpler Western style tunes in major scale that more easily facilitated the accompaniment of organ.

These hymns were written in the early stages of Protestant Christianity in India by composers such as Vedanayakam Sastriar who worked under the German Lutheran missionaries in the Tanjore area (likely the 1780s on). They were first published for broad use among the Protestant denominations and mission societies in 1853 by the American Congregational (ABCFM) missionary Edward Webb, in the hymn book titled Christian Lyrics for Public and Social Worship. Webb and eight of his catechists spent a couple months learning the songs from Vedanayakam Sastriar and then transmitted them orally throughout the towns and villages of the Protestant missions.

title: Tamil Christian keerthanai