text:
Talk:Higher education in the United States/Archive 2

The lead
WP:MOSLEAD is our guideline on writing a lead. There is scope for creativity but we are looking for four paragraphs that summarize the contents of the article. The first line is important as it defines the scope of the article, the first paragraph will be displayed everytime anyone makes a google search so must be a very concise overview. The next three paragraphs must be a simple synopsis that will satisfy the casual reader (say a middle school student) anywhere worldwide. General material must be in the body of the article. There is room for improvement here I think. --ClemRutter (talk) 11:16, 7 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Good point. CollegeMeltdown (talk) 11:04, 22 June 2019 (UTC)

Traffic
Can we find out how often this article is being viewed? I would hope that as this article is improved, this article and related articles (e.g. articles on student loan debt) will get more views. That's not to say, however, that we should frame only for attention CollegeMeltdown (talk) 11:10, 22 June 2019 (UTC)

 * See Pageview_statistics - MrOllie (talk) 12:51, 22 June 2019 (UTC)

 * Thank you MrOllie.

Reducing the length of the article -a strategy
and other interested colleagues. This artcle is huge, attempts have been made in the past to spin off sections into separate articles, and over the years new material has been added both to the spin off and to recreate a new bloated section. While I see this as the parent article discussing the structure of Tertiary education, that should be quite small- others see it as a big trash can where any new issue vaguely relating unis is exposed.

Being WP:BOLD is one thing, but the editors working here are conscientious and chasing a dead reference can take a whole evening, the task is just too big. What we need is for someone who has not contributed in the past does some massive moves, without clearing up the loose ends. This what I am proposing to do. I need someone to cover my back!

I propose to move text to the talk pages of the sub-articles that exist, so it can be merged later. I propose to create new sub-articles where they don't and MV the text. I will give my best shot to name the new articles correctly- using precedent but I expect to get many wrong. I have my MOS by my side! I expect to cull a lot of wikilink hooks- sorry. Unreferenced content is likely to disappear- it can be recovered, referenced and restored at a later date. Text that is off focus will be MV to some talkpage. It seems strange to work this way- but this massive article just doesn't work- please demonstrate that there is another way before I start. --ClemRutter (talk) 17:25, 10 June 2019 (UTC)

 * ClemRutter, thanks for the heads up. I appreciate your good work and expertise and agree with you, mostly. Please be careful.CollegeMeltdown (talk) 17:40, 10 June 2019 (UTC)

 * I think it's worth a shot! (I expect that this fits into the natural life-cycle of an article like this where it slowly grows cumbersome and fragmented as many editors make small changes before one editor or a very small group overhaul the article to bring it back to a unified vision and voice when the cycle begins anew as editors then begin making additions and changes...)
 * If it's helpful, I'm reading David Labaree's A Perfect Mess: The Unlikely Ascendancy of American Higher Education (2017, University of Chicago Press) and it's a really good, approachable summary of the history and organization of U.S. higher education. It's very well-organized and many of its ideas could serve as good hooks or frameworks for this kind of very broad article.
 * (Personally, I've always hoped that someone teaching a graduate-level higher education course would assign this and similar articles to students as assignments. It would be very helpful for us to get fresh eyes on these challenging articles and in the right kinds of courses and academic programs the activity of "explain this very complicated thing to a lay audience in only a few pages of text" would be really, really good.) ElKevbo (talk) 17:57, 10 June 2019 (UTC)

ElKevbo and ClemRutter, funny, this is what happens with $150 college textbooks for intro to whatever, devolving into bloated volumes with lots of irrelevant material. I better save the reference section before it's edited. What do you think about all the pictures? Do we really need all those images? Are they really representative of higher education when the most common form of higher ed is community colleges?CollegeMeltdown (talk) 18:10, 10 June 2019 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the support. It does take time and I need to take mini-wiki breaks occasionally to sleep and do a bit of real life - but I will continue. Should we spin off the further reading section into an article List of academic works on Higher education in the United States? ClemRutter (talk) 08:12, 11 June 2019 (UTC)

ClemRutter, excellent job and thanks for keeping essential elements. You should get a prize for this. I have no problem if you have a separate page for further reading. As a historical sociologist, I do want to keep one small section, the section on Enslavement in Higher Education. There is a growing body of knowledge on how essential this is on the early history of US higher education. I would also like us to consider the images in this page, because it doesn't reflect the reality of higher education for most people. CollegeMeltdown (talk) 13:19, 11 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Just found these section! Thanks for the kind comments. Good to know your historical sociology background- mine was computer science education, at secondary level. Still a lot of work to do here, we need to accept that his is a huge article and we need to pare it down to the core and resist the temptation to expand out own area but leave the links to really precise new articles. On the specifics. Images- should only be included if they relate and add to the text. Otherwise we have galleries which are probably not appropriate in an article of this status..ClemRutter (talk) 07:49, 24 June 2019 (UTC)

One other thing. Should we combine subsections? For example, consolidating "colleges", "community colleges", and "vocational colleges"?CollegeMeltdown (talk) 13:44, 11 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I spend more time offline pondering what we are doing than I do at the keyboard. I am so comfortable in working cooperatively with editors I respect. Longevity is important, as is clear thinking. I expect and accept reversions and being wrong. Personally at the moment I would leave the subsections as they are and continue to get rid of the dross within but I think eventually this will happen ClemRutter (talk) 07:49, 24 June 2019 (UTC)

ClemRutter, thanks again for your yeoman's work. Please keep up the good work. I'm going to try to avoid making edits until you are done, but I do want to take a look after you are done. There is no rush, but can you give me a head's up when you do complete the effort? Thanks.CollegeMeltdown (talk) 13:38, 13 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I am aiming for an article size of about 92000 (random number). Real life does get in the way and slow me down. There is a lot of text that has been moved into sub articles- which in turn are dire and need some TLC. But do join in here too, we are colleagues working on a draft task, I may revert but so can you it is an edit process not a personal attack. Thanks for all the thanks. ClemRutter (talk) 07:49, 24 June 2019 (UTC)

Entry into higher education- help needed
The one thing the article misses is how it gets its students- which must be obvious stateside, but needs to be said to globalise. I have done a bit of creative writing, but do need someone who is in the system to rewrite it having the benefit of knowledge. I am certain that having defined and discussed credits it will make it easier to tie together the rest of the article. I am uncomfortable doing this - or writing anything that is not bolted down with WP:RS Help please. --ClemRutter (talk) 18:46, 22 June 2019 (UTC)
 * ClemRutter, This is a very important topic as enrollments decline and competition heats up. Does section on the "Educational pipeline" help?  Are you also talking about college recruiting, scholarships, and legacies? Also are you talking about advertising and marketing?CollegeMeltdown (talk) 11:02, 23 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Before we discuss an issue we must describe what it is!. Our role is to provide a definitive frame of reference- that others can use when they get round to discussing it. (And in the current context that includes most of the media- and most politicians and their advisors). An educational pipeline is not defined in the article and I can imagine what it means- so we need to spell it out. [this artilce] has a section on an instance of K-12 pipeline for Ohio but no sourced definition.
 * All the things you describe sound important but will need a separate articles eventually I suspect Lets get this right first. More later when I have had a think.                                                                                --ClemRutter (talk) 18:04, 23 June 2019 (UTC)
 * A month ago or so, I had a small section called "Education pipeline" that must have been deleted. I believe it included K-12, immigrants and foreign students, and non-traditional students.CollegeMeltdown (talk) 18:51, 23 June 2019 (UTC)
 * This appears to be covered in Education in the United States where we find some of the same text- perhaps we could use it as a guideline.ClemRutter (talk) 09:20, 24 June 2019 (UTC)

The Educated Underclass, Oversupply, and the Gig Economy
I suggest that we develop a section on higher education and the growing US educated underclass in this gig economy. Gary Roth's The Educated Underclass (2019) is the latest book that details the growing oversupply of people with college education. This theme of oversupply is not new. As Roth points out, Harvard economist Richard Freeman described this phenomenon as early as 1976, in his book The Overeducated American. CollegeMeltdown (talk) 12:24, 23 September 2020 (UTC)

Need updates on enrollment, revenues, etc
This article's numbers are getting stale. Enrollment, for example, only goes to 2016-2017. --CollegeMeltdown (talk) 17:44, 8 March 2021 (UTC)

Need a section on alcohol and drug abuse in US higher education
Alcohol and drug abuse have been serious concerns on US college campuses for generations. We need a section on this topic, as it is also related to other issues, such as fraternity hazing and sexual assault.

According to the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, "more than one-third of full-time college students aged 18 to 22 engaged in binge drinking in the past month; about 1 in 5 used an illicit drug in the past month." The report added that "on an average day during the past year, 2,179 full-time college students drank alcohol for the first time, and 1,326 used an illicit drug for the first time."

 * Feel free to add the section; it seems you already have the necessary sources. Also, please sign your posts on talk pages, so that other users can see your username and when the comment was made. Just type four tildes (~) at the end of your posts, and it will automatically fill in the appropriate information. Finnigami (talk) 18:43, 8 March 2021 (UTC)

Heightened cash monitoring
is linked from a few articles and it redirects to a non-existent section here. The current revision of this article doesn't mention that mechanism at all. Please integrate the relevant information into the article, or update the redirect possibly converting it to a separate article if it doesn't belong here. –MwGamera (talk) 07:06, 21 April 2021 (UTC)

Republishing without attribution
Blatant copying from Wikipedia, on multiple pages, probably to boost rankings.

14:15, 3 September 2021 (UTC)<IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
 * Can you be more specific? --CollegeMeltdown (talk) 17:35, 3 September 2021 (UTC)

Stale graphics
There are two graphics at the beginning of the article that show numbers from 2012. Are they too obsolete to be included? Looks like FRED has an update to 2019, but I'm not sure how to make the fix. I guess you have to download the FRED data then upload it to Wikidata, then to this article, so that the PNG fits just right? CollegeMeltdown (talk) 20:12, 2 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Should I go ahead and delete the two old graphics? --CollegeMeltdown (talk) 19:34, 5 September 2021 (UTC)

Was there a mass deletion on the Talk page?
Was there a mass deletion on the Talk page? I thought I remembered a great deal of effort to have a discussion here, and there is evidence of that by looking at the View History of this Talk section. --CollegeMeltdown (talk) 19:47, 5 September 2021 (UTC)

 * If you are talking about WP:ARCHIVE then nothing is lost. The bot moves old discussions to subpages to keep the talk page more manageable. The talk header template at the top displays a search box and a list of the archived subpages. This is a standard practice for lengthy talk pages. –MwGamera (talk) 08:37, 6 September 2021 (UTC)

Functional illiteracy, innumeracy, and the K-12 pipeline
Kleuske, obviously, functional illiteracy and innumeracy in the US have a profound effect on US higher education, especially for community colleges. Instead of deleting this section, how about beefing it up? --CollegeMeltdown (talk) 23:14, 19 October 2021 (UTC)
 * I reverted this edit because Those with a better "pedigree" are more likely to be hired for the best jobs. is too vague to be relevant. "Pedigree" (in scarequotes) can mean anything, from dog-breeds to someones ancestry, and getting a job or not is not something that belongs in an article on Higher education in the US. That's a job-market issue. It simply does not belong in the article.
 * this edit makes a claim that is unsupported by the source, an article on innumeracy in the legal professions.
 * Then I removed the rest, because, alarming as these numbers are, they have nothing to do with "higher education". Kleuske (talk) 12:15, 20 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Kleuske, given the numbers that were presented, how can functional illiteracy and innumeracy not be problems for US higher education? How can you compartmentalize this issue as just a pre-K to 12 issue? Lower education is the major pipeline to higher education. People who work in US community colleges and for-profit colleges, especially, understand the extent of the problem. But even professors who teach grad students have to deal with students who cannot grasp important concepts. As for the pipeline leading out of higher education, the labor force, how can you say "getting a job" has nothing to do with higher education?  According to survey results from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program at UCLA, it has been the most reason Americans have been going to college for decades. In the 2019 freshman survey, 83 percent of the respondents gave "to be able to get a better job" as a "very important" reason for going to college (see page 42). I really do want to understand your perspective. Perhaps we have differences in perspective because of age, nationality, and/or social class?

CollegeMeltdown (talk) 20:00, 20 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Let me put it this way: if you can't read, basic education has failed you. If you read poorly, it's pretty much the same. The subject would be fine in an article on basic education, but not here. I also note that none of the sources presented here, even mention "illiteracy". Please do not send me on wild goose chases. You just waste time. A cite is only good if it actually supports your claim. Your cites here and in the article are mere adornment, without any actual value. Kleuske (talk) 09:21, 21 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Kleuske, do these articles from Diverse Issues in Higher Education provide any evidence? "The American Association of Community Colleges estimates approximately 60 percent of students coming out of high school each year are not ready for college level work." This article by a Detroit Free Press writer gives some examples of the problem.
 * (e/c)*3 The American Association of Community Colleges estimates approximately 60 percent of students coming out of high school each year are not ready for college level work. Did you actually read the article? If something needs to be remedied (as in remedial teaching) did it go wrong when the remedy is applied or before that? Besides, needing remedial teaching is not the same as illiteracy. Kleuske (talk) 12:43, 21 October 2021 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Research Process and Methodology - FA22 - Sect 200 - Thu
— Assignment last updated by Janyu150 (talk) 03:14, 20 November 2022 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Higher education in the United States
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Higher education in the United States's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "Simkovic": From Higher Education Act of 1965: Michael Simkovic, Risk-Based Student Loans (2013) From Higher education:  From Higher education bubble in the United States: Michael Simkovic, Risk-Based Student Loans (2012)

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 00:51, 21 January 2023 (UTC)

Climate Change
There should be a section on US higher education and global climate change. Bryan Alexander's "Universities on Fire" details some of the dramatic effects likely to occur. Collegemeltdown2 (talk) 17:05, 5 April 2023 (UTC)

Merge section
same topic: fgnievinski (talk) 19:48, 20 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Higher_education
 * Higher_education_in_the_United_States

 * I strongly support removing this US-centric section from the general HE article and merging it into this article, where it clearly belongs. BobFromBrockley (talk) 11:08, 31 December 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 12:02, 14 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Since the section on types was moved to this article, it looks like some of the sections haven't been updated to reflect the U.S. context specifically. The sections on engineering, visual and performing arts, vocational schools and professional education are highly generic and even reference a European framework (which is irrelevant). My question is if it's worth writing U.S.-specific sections for e.g. what an engineering school is, or if they could be adequately covered under "Universities." I lean towards the latter. Kalewrap (talk) 13:49, 22 July 2023 (UTC)


text:
amputirati

Verb

 * 1)  to amputate

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Verb

 * 1) to amputate
 * 2)  to cut off
 * 1)  to cut off

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: amputirati


text:
Manalive

Manalive (1912) is a book by G. K. Chesterton detailing a popular theme both in his own philosophy, and in Christianity, of the "holy fool", such as in Dostoevsky's The Idiot and Cervantes' Don Quixote.

Plot summary
This is a book in two parts. The first, "The Enigma of Innocent Smith", concerns the arrival of a new tenant at Beacon House, a London boarding establishment. Like Mary Poppins, this man (who is tentatively identified by lodger Arthur Inglewood as an ex-schoolmate named Innocent Smith) is accompanied by a great wind, and he breathes new life into the household with his games and antics. During his first day in residence the eccentric Smith creates the High Court of Beacon; arranges to elope with Mary Gray, paid companion to heiress Rosamund Hunt; inspires Inglewood to declare his love for Diana Duke, the landlady's niece; and prompts a reconciliation between jaded journalist Michael Moon and Rosamund.

However, when the household is at its happiest two doctors appear with awful news: Smith is wanted on charges of burglary, desertion of a spouse, polygamy, and attempted murder. The fact that Smith almost immediately fires several shots from a revolver at Inglewood's friend Dr. Herbert Warner seems to confirm the worst. Before Smith can be taken to a jail or an asylum, Michael Moon declares that the case falls under the purview of the High Court of Beacon and suggests that the household investigate the matter before involving the authorities or the press.

The second part, "The Explanations of Innocent Smith," follows the trial. The prosecution consists of Moses Gould, a merrily cynical Jew who lives at Beacon House and considers Smith at best a fool and at worst a scoundrel, and Dr. Cyrus Pym, an American criminal specialist called in by Dr. Warner; Michael Moon and Arthur Inglewood act for the defense. The evidence consists of correspondence from people who witnessed or participated in the exploits that led to the charges against Smith. In every case, the defendant is revealed to be, as his first name states, innocent. He fires bullets near people to make them value life; the house he breaks into is his own; he travels around the world only to return with renewed appreciation for his house and family; and the women he absconded with are actually his wife Mary, posing as a spinster under different aliases so they may repeatedly re-enact their courtship.

Smith is, needless to say, acquitted on all charges.

Film adaptations
The book was first adapted in French, as a Belgian film titled Le revolver aux cheveux rouges (1973).

Dale Ahlquist, president of the American Chesterton Society, with screenwriter, producer and director Joey Odendahl, produced the American motion picture Manalive (2012), starring Mark P. Shea as Innocent Smith and Kevin O'Brian as Professor Eames. A private screening of the movie was shown at the American Chesterton Society's 31st Annual Chesterton Conference in Reno, NV, on 3 August 2012.

title: Manalive


text:
2009 World Aesthetic Group Gymnastics Championships

The 2009 World Aesthetic Gymnastics Championships, the 10th edition of the Aesthetic group gymnastics competition, was held in Moscow, Russia from June 04 to 06, at the Druzhba Multipurpose Arena.


text:
User:Kirate

Hello. I've been using Wikipedia for a while, but I've only recently joined on March 19, 2006. My goals are to help and contribute as much of my knowledge to the Wiki-databases and to become a respected Wikipedian. This is only a simple update for my profile, which I will edit as time continues.

Topics I Have Knowledge In

 * Anime
 * Fencing
 * Foil
 * Epee
 * Footbag
 * Frisbee (Ultimate)
 * Martial Arts
 * Paintball
 * Tactics (Military)
 * Video Games
 * Massive Multiplayer Online Games

Topics I Have Interest In

 * Computer Engineering
 * Human Behavior (See also Psychology, Social Behavior)
 * Japan
 * Logic
 * Ninjas
 * See also Topics I have Knowledge In

title: User:Kirate


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Daniel Faulkner

The result was   merge to Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Mumia Abu-Jamal. Redirect afterwards. The non-formatted keep !votes did not provide a policy-based reason. — Crisco 1492 (talk) 04:00, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

Daniel Faulkner

 * – ( View AfD View log  •  Stats )

The notability of the person is not met. His death is notable and his murder case are notable, but not him. Redtigerxyz Talk 17:45, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Withdraw nomination and rename to murder of Daniel Faulkner or something similar. I see no rationale to delete, since the bulk of that article concerns the murder, which the nominator agrees is notable. I suggest that the nominator withdraw this deletion nomination, and just rename the article remove the biography paragraph. No need for AFD here. ~Amatulić (talk) 18:33, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Support Amatulic's suggestion. -- WingtipvorteX  (talk)   ∅  20:49, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Absurd - please close frivolous AfD This does not really merit comment or discussion. Also renaming this to add excessive words to the article title is not useful in any way and violates article naming convention. There are quite a number of articles about people who were assassinated, murdered, involved in famous incidents, etc. which focus on the reason they are most notable. It's a slippery slope argument which can only lead to some conclusion like adding more words to the article title than are necessary to describe its topic. Obotlig ☣  interrogate 21:18, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Merge with Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Mumia Abu-Jamal. - Presidentman talk · contribs Random Picture of the Day (Talkback) 21:24, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Absurd - please close frivolous AfD In complete agreement with Obotlig above. CCS81 (talk) 22:21, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Rename to Murder of Daniel Faulkner per Amatulic. This is no more absurd than lots of other deletion nominations. Many articles involving the death of an individual are named for the incident rather than the person if that is the main, or only, reason for notability so I don't see how it violates any naming conventions. Slippery slope arguments are almost always logical fallicies. AIR corn (talk) 22:47, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Crime-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 14:19, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of People-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 14:19, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Redirect to Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Mumia Abu-Jamal. There is no individual notability for Faulkner.  There is nothing exceptional about his career that would establish that an standalone article is justified. -- Whpq (talk) 15:23, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Absurd - please close frivolous AfD - nonsense Afd.--BabbaQ (talk) 15:26, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Mumia Abu-Jamal. Given that this article already exists and it was the trial more so than the murder itself that captured media attention, I think this is the better option rather than renaming to Murder of David Faulkner. Some cases are known for the victim (i.e. Matthew Shepard), but this case is better known for the perpetrator (i.e. Mumia Abu-Jamal). I don't think there is sufficient notability as a victim for an article to be named after the officer. Location (talk) 20:54, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Absurd - please close frivolous AfD Suggest to please leave article as is. -=vyruss=- (talk) 15:11, 18 July 2012 (UTC)


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Kara Leo

Kara Leo (born 21 September 1992) is an Australian swimmer. She has been selected to represent Australia at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in the S14 200m freestyle and 100m backstroke swimming events.

Personal
Leo was born on 21 September 1992 in, New South Wales. In 2007, Leo won the NSW Junior Athlete of the Year with a Disability award. In 2010, she earned the NSW Sports Federation's Young Athlete with a Disability award.

Leo attended Caroline Chisholm College. She is involved with the Samuel Morris Foundation, an organisation that helps children cope with near-drowning experiences, whom she represents as a youth ambassador.

Swimming
Leo is an S14 classification swimmer. She is a member of the Nepean Aquatic Swim Club.

Leo started swimming in 1996. She first represented Australia in 2007, where she finished first at the 2007 INAS-FID Swimming World Championships in the 50m backstroke event. All told at the event, she won one bronze medal, four silver medals and five gold medals. She competed at the 2009 Global Games. In 2009, she competed at the All Schools Australian Swimming Championships. In the years 16-19 multi-disability 100-metre freestyle event, she finished in first with a personal best time of 1.06.73, finished third in the 50-metres butterfly event and the 4x50-metres free relay event, and finished fourth in the 200-metres individual medley.

Leo competed at the 2010 Global Games, where she earned nine gold medals, one silver medal and two bronze medals. One of her first-place finishes was in an 800-metre event. She competed at the 2010 International Paralympic Committee Swimming World Championships in the S14 200m freestyle event where she finished second and set a personal best. Her 2010 training included seven to "eight water sessions and three gym sessions a week." Leo competed at the 2011 Australian Short Course Championships. She has been selected to represent Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the S14 200m freestyle and 100m backstroke swimming events. She was scheduled to leave for Wales on 10 August for a pre-Paralympics team training camp.

title: Kara Leo


text:
Narcine brunnea

Narcine brunnea, the brown numbfish or brown electric ray, is a species of numbfish in the family Narcinidae. It is found in Indo-West Pacific countries such as Pakistan off coast, India, Sri Lanka, to the Gulf of Thailand. They mainly live in continental waters, both inshore and offshore. The maximum length is about 22 cm.

title: Narcine brunnea


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Trouble in the Tunnel (2nd nomination)

The result was delete. Fenix down (talk) 07:05, 24 August 2020 (UTC)

Trouble in the Tunnel
AfDs for this article:
 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Second nomination of this article, the first reached no consensus. Per the discussion on the talk page, the match is not notable enough to have a standalone page. The match is remembered for what happened in the tunnel, but Roy Keane and Patrick Vieira have had previous confrontations pre-match as seen in the talk page. Furthermore, the match is not known as 'Trouble in the Tunnel', this is WP:RECENTISM. Pizzagate and Battle of Old Trafford were notable because of events that happened on the pitch and the consequences to both teams' seasons. This 2005 game is not significant enough to have a standalone article, but by all means have it fleshed out in the rivalry page. Footballistically (talk) 13:23, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Football-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 13:28, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete - Many people in the previous discussion believed that this subject had sufficient coverage to warrant an article based on the sources provided; however, those sources mostly referred to the match from the previous year, not this one. This match is only remembered for the incident in the tunnel beforehand, not any of the action that happened on the pitch (nothing more than routine coverage of any Premier League match), so the incident should be mentioned on Roy Keane and Patrick Vieira's articles and that's it. – PeeJay 13:44, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete per my comments at the last AFD. GiantSnowman 15:11, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete - doesn't warrant its own article Spiderone  11:00, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of association football-related deletions. Spiderone  11:01, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Events-related deletion discussions.  Spiderone  11:01, 18 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Robert Duffy (businessman)

Robert Duffy (born October 14, 1954) is an American businessman. He is the co-founder of the fashion label Marc Jacobs as well as the Marc by Marc Jacobs diffusion line. Both Marc Jacobs and the Marc by Marc Jacobs collections included women's ready-to-wear, men's ready-to-wear, children's ready-to-wear, and accessories for all divisions.

Duffy started the BookMarc store in early 2007. Duffy & Jacobs formed a partnership with LVMH in 1997 and Duffy acted as Design Studio Director for Louis Vuitton from 1998 to 2013.

Early life and career
Duffy was born on October 14, 1954, in Butler, Pennsylvania and spent his early life in Pennsylvania and Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

Robert Duffy started his career at Bergdorf Goodman in their buying office in 1978. In 1983 he founded the company Sketchbook with Ruben Thomas. As a young executive, after viewing Marc Jacobs’ designs during a fashion show at Parsons School of Design, Duffy hired Jacobs as the designer at Sketchbook. In 1984, Duffy renamed the company Marc Jacobs International, and Marc became an equal partner. Interviewed by Vogue about their business model, Duffy said, "I never opened a store where there is fashion. In SoHo (New York), there was nothing but a garage there when we opened. People thought I was crazy... Opening Marc by Marc was very big. Marc's love is the collection line. I always wanted the company to be broad and wanted to reach out to a lot of people. It was difficult to convince people that it was necessary - to be a luxury brand but be all price points. But I knew I could do it and I'm proud we did it"

Duffy had various titles at Marc Jacobs International from 1984 to 2013 including Founder, chairman, Co-chairman, and President. In 1997 Duffy and Jacobs formed a partnership with LVMH. Duffy retained his titles at Marc Jacobs and was named Design Studio Director at Louis Vuitton from 1998 to 2013. LVMH acquired 20% ownership of the Marc Jacobs trademark at the time while Duffy and Jacobs retained 40% each.

In Summer 2013, there were 285 Marc Jacobs retail stores (including Marc by Marc Jacobs & Marc Jacobs Collection, and BookMarc stores) in 80 countries. Duffy opened the first high-end retail stores on Bleecker Street in New York.

In 2013 Robert Duffy stepped back from his day-to-day responsibilities at Marc Jacobs International to raise his young children. Duffy is currently Founder and Deputy Chairman of Marc Jacobs International and remains a substantial stockholder in Marc Jacobs International.

Charities
In 1997 Duffy was diagnosed with metastatic malignant melanoma. Duffy started the "Protect the Skin You're In" cancer research project benefiting the NYU Langone Medical Center. Over the years, he recruited celebrities and models to pose nude for t-shirts to raise money and awareness of malignant melanoma. Celebrities who posed include Miley Cyrus, Eva Mendes, Milla Jovovich, Kate Upton, Victoria Beckham, Heidi Klum, Julian Moore, Hilary Swank, Christy Turlington and Naomi Campbell.

Duffy supports numerous charities including New York University Cancer Center, the Hetrick-Martin Institute/Harvey Milk School, the Human Rights Campaign, amfAR, New York State land trusts & preservation organizations, The Rhinebeck Science Foundation, and the Provincetown Art Association and Museum.

Duffy has received awards from the American Cancer Society, New York University Langone Medical Center, Aid for AIDS, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Designers Against AIDS, amFAR, the Human Rights Campaign, and the Hetrick-Martin Institute/Harvey Milk School.

Personal life
In 2013, Duffy purchased and restored Rhinebeck's Astor Tea House, a 40-acre estate on the Hudson River. This home and his other homes in Paris, Savannah, Georgia, Cape Cod, and New York's Greenwich Village have been featured in various publications.

Duffy married Alex Cespedes, a native of Paraguay working in real estate, in Provincetown, Massachusetts on April 20, 2010. In August 2011 they adopted a baby girl named Victoria, before divorcing a year later. On June 20, 2015, he married Connor Dodd at his farm in Rhinebeck. By January 2016 Duffy was in the process of adopting a second child, Caldwell.

title: Robert Duffy (businessman)


text:
Senator Greenberg

Senator Greenberg may refer to:

 * Abraham Greenberg (1881–1941), New York State Senate
 * Martin L. Greenberg (born 1932), New Jersey State Senate
 * Samuel L. Greenberg (1898–1992), New York State Senate

title: Senator Greenberg


text:
潮州

Etymology
The name of a new prefecture formed in 591 CE from parts of the Xun Prefecture. According to, it was named for the tides that flow in and out.

Chaozhou, Taiwan is named after Chaozhou, Guangdong.

Descendants
Other:
 * , etc. (see both entries for more)

Etymology 2
Borrowed from.

title: 潮州


text:
Kameshwar Pandit

Kameshwar Pandit was an Indian politician, trade unionist and journalist. Pandit founded the Himachal Pradesh branch of the Communist Party of India in 1953.

Pandit contested in the June 3, 1959 Mahasu Lok Sabha seat by-election, standing as an independent politician. Pandit won 6,712 (8.67%) of the votes.

Pandit remained in the CPI after the 1964 split in the party and stayed on as the Himachal Pradesh State Council Secretary of CPI until his death. He was the leader of mass organizations like the All India Trade Union Congress and the All India Kisan Sabha. Pandit served as the editor of the weekly Himachal Janata for many years. He also founded the weekly Himachal Darpan and Pahari. He wrote several books and worked on a number of periodical publications. He was a member of the CPI National Council.

He was offered the position as state governor by Prime Minister H.D. Deve Gowda but turned down the offer.

Pandit died in Shimla on June 29, 2001.

title: Kameshwar Pandit


text:
Talk:Mathomatic

Untitled
Should be made more accessible to newbies. I recommend StuRat and 11 for the job. My IP is not permanent. <IP_ADDRESS> 01:58, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It took for me roughly 15 seconds to learn. Audriusa 09:23, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

Laplace, and Taylor
Would be nice if these are replaced by full terminology with appropriate links. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 06:08, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

Regarding References
The unreferenced tag was removed - let me explain why it was added - all articles need references to avoid Original Research and this article is no different.Thge lack of reference or sources leaves me wondering why the article is on wikipedia - it does not seem to be suitable notable. Reference to external sites would solve this problem but, as I don't know much about the subject, I am not the suitable person to add them. Perhaps someone else could? michael  Curtis talk+contributions 15:46, 22 June 2007 (UTC)
 * As this issue seems to be more about the notability of the software I have added the notability tag. Gesslein - possibly you could see to this and add some sources and references per WP:NOTE michael  Curtis talk+contributions 15:50, 22 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I added many external links showing Mathomatic is included with many operating systems and has been ported several times by people other than me. Could you please remove the notability tag? -Gesslein 10:36, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

Article needed?
I am not sure that this software is remarkable or well-known enough to motivate an article. It appears to be a quite very simplistic and primitive software (OK, I admit that a CAS is not easy to make, but still...), developed by a single person. To be honest, I think that even my own software AlgoSim II is more relevant for an own article. --Andreas Rejbrand (talk) 16:33, 31 October 2009 (UTC)

 * In fact, the application is so primitive that it can hardly be used at all: it does not support functions such as sin, arcsin, ln, sqrt, etc., and this is a extremely severe limitation, indeed. In fact, it appears only to be able to work with rational functions, compute sums of these and solve first and second order equations, more or less. This is not a usable CAS. I will add some tag to the page. --Andreas Rejbrand (talk) 13:23, 1 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Furthermore, the article is written by the developer of the software... --Andreas Rejbrand (talk) 13:25, 1 November 2009 (UTC)

 * I say let it be. The article is well-written and informative and is about a program available in many repos. Third party references are quite biased against highly technical topics so I'm willing to loosen normal notability under a common sense clause. Jason Quinn (talk) 02:02, 21 December 2009 (UTC)

Speedy deletion proposed
This article is about a non notable software, as noted in the preceding thread. It is also WP:OR, as there is no mention of it in any reliable publication. For a computer algebra system, as this software pretends to be the minimum (not necessarily sufficient) is to have been presented in a computer algebra conference. This is not the case here. But the main issue of this article is to be unambiguously a self-promotional article, the author of the article being the author of the software. Therefore, I'll request a speedy deletion per criterion WP:G11. D.Lazard (talk) 18:33, 11 November 2012 (UTC)

 * Actually, mathomatic is an extremely efficient, lightweight CAS that is included with some distros like Cywin, Puppy linux, Damn Small Linux (?), et al. because it is so tiny.

 * It is non-commercial. Self promotional? Nah. I say do not delete it. I find it helpful - ok, I admit I have used it for a decade now.  I like its minimal qualities and its small footprint. Perfect for live-cd distros etc.

Wod observer (talk) 01:57, 19 November 2012 (UTC)

I am an engineer with over 20 years of experience. Mathomatic is extremely useful for engineering, the sciences and mathematics. Any suggestion for deletion of this article should point out an applicable FREE open source replacement for this software, with a corresponding small footprint. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:08, 18 September 2016 (UTC)

This page should not be speedy deleted because...
This page should not be speedily deleted because... ( 1) the program is useful and free 2) the Wikipedia page is educational 3) the author has exceptional insights into algebraic computation.) --Kaday moik (talk) 03:59, 20 November 2012 (UTC)

 * I disagree. I tried the program a few years ago, and at least then it was extremely primitive. If *this* software has its own Wikipedia article, then surely my own AlgoSim (www.algosim.se) should as well! --Andreas Rejbrand (talk) 11:32, 7 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Dear Andreas, I have developed new insights and advanced algorithms for algebraic manipulation since then and Mathomatic has greatly improved over the recent years. Try it again, you will be impressed.  The documentation is much better, too.  Won't you please try it again? -- George Gesslein II (talk) 12:36, 8 December 2012 (UTC)

WTF? This program is a P.O.S. !!! — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:23, 9 March 2013 (UTC)

I am an engineer with over 20 years of experience. Mathomatic is extremely useful for engineering, the sciences and mathematics. Any suggestion for deletion of this article should point out an applicable FREE open source replacement for this software, with a corresponding small footprint. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:09, 18 September 2016 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is not a directory of open source software. --Macrakis (talk) 19:38, 15 August 2021 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Mathomatic. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140114032120/https://blenheimears.com/mathomatic/ to https://blenheimears.com/mathomatic/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:37, 21 January 2018 (UTC)

Mathomatic.org is about an accounting system Quick Books it uses Mathomatics as a brand
http://mathomatics.org points to a page with a Quick Books accounting system, it is not about Computer Algebra System. Maybe other company bought the domain, I did not saw some link about the system described in this article.

On the other hand, many Linux distributions have mathomatics. The first symbolic algebra system was written in Lisp, where it is easy to manipulate formulas because it is a language for symbolic computation. I have written, just as an experiment, a symbolic computations program in C, for that reason I searched mathomatics to see how it was written originally for MS-DOS in C, a very limited system in comparison to Linux and other unices. I don't do the kind of calculations that engineers are used to, to be able to rate its efficiency. I am not interested in using it. All the above blah-blah is to ensure you my neutrality about this article.

 * I don't see it as a promotional article, because it is not a commercial software.
 * I find it a very incomplete article.
 * It seems that the program is not maintained anymore unless it has moved to another site like github, gitlab, or alike, as many free software is.
 * Should it be removed? I think not, because one finds links to download it in many linux distributions and may want more information about it.
 * There are other Computer Algebra Systems. Wikipedia is not the contest arena for them or any others. Wikipedia should have comparison articles and a more complete describing article for each.
 * I found important to see that Mathomatics can be used as a workbench for LLVM.

If the author of Mathomatics is also the author of this article, please upgrade the information and links. May also write about how it was implemented with more detail on why it cycles LLVM, how it claims garbage, why it relies on memmove to cause such behavior (honestly I suppose that is caused by a semantic discrepancy of that library function, msdos is not Posix compliant)

title: Talk:Mathomatic


text:
1978 in Greece

The following lists events that happened during 1978 in Greece.

Incumbents

 * President – Konstantinos Tsatsos
 * Prime Minister – Konstantinos Karamanlis

Events

 * 20 June – The 6.2 Thessaloniki earthquake affected Central Macedonia with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), causing 45–50 deaths and 100–220 injuries.

Births

 * 25 June – Virginia Karentzou, artistic gymnast

title: 1978 in Greece


text:
Barbara Bailey (politician)

Barbara Floyd Bailey (born 1944) is an American politician of the Republican Party. She was a member of the Washington Senate, representing the 10th district, from 2013 to 2019. She previously represented the 10th district in the Washington House of Representatives.

Political career
Bailey was first elected to the Washington State House of Representatives in 2002, defeating Democrat Eron Berg and Libertarian Brett Wilhelm. She represented district 10 from 2003 to 2013.

In 2012, Bailey ran for State Senate in the 10th district, defeating the incumbent, Senator Mary Margaret Haugen with 52.8%.

Bailey served on the following committees:
 * Health & Long Term Care
 * Ways & Means
 * State Government, Tribal Relations & Elections
 * Veterans and Military Affairs Joint Committee.

Background
Bailey holds a B.S. degree in psychology from the State University of New York. She also is a Certified Marketing Executive and Certified Hotel Administrator.

Prior to her work in the Legislature, Bailey served as a member on the Oak Harbor Comprehensive Planning Task Force, Island County 2 Percent Lodging Tax Advisory Committee, and the Island County Joint Committee on Tourism.

Bailey lives in Oak Harbor with her husband, Butch Bailey (Capt., USN, Ret.), who taught Navy JROTC in the Burlington-Edison School System. They have four grown children and nine grandchildren.

Awards

 * 2014 Guardians of Small Business award. Presented by NFIB.

title: Barbara Bailey (politician)


text:
From a Roman Balcony

From a Roman Balcony (La giornata balorda, Ça s'est passé à Rome) is a 1960 Italian–French drama film directed by Mauro Bolognini. It is based on several stories by Alberto Moravia, who also co-wrote the screenplay with Pier Paolo Pasolini and Marco Visconti. The Italian theatrical release suffered several censorship problems, including the blocking of screenings, and a criminal complaint against director Bolognini and screenwriters Moravia and Pasolini.

The film was also shown under the alternate English titles Pickup in Rome, A Crazy Day and Love is a Day's Work.

Plot
Davide, a twenty-year-old living in the Roman suburbs, and his girlfriend Ivana have just become parents of a young son. Blamed by both his and Ivana's mother for his idle and irresponsible ways, Davide starts out to look for a day job. On his way, he meets his former girlfriend Marina, who in her own words now works as a "manicure", but is actually a prostitute. After a short sexual encounter, Marina helps him blackmail her client Moglie into giving Davide a job, which consists simply in accompanying driver Carpiti who carries out various tasks for shady industrialist Romani. On their way, the two men cheat prostitute Sabina out of her money, before meeting with their customer. Freya, Romani's mistress, takes an interest in Davide and, after sending Carpiti away under a pretense, sleeps with Davide at the beach. Afterwards, she gives him 50,000 lire which will help Davide acquire a steady job at a general market. Davide loses almost all of the money due to his inattentiveness, but manages to steal a precious ring from a corpse in an open casket. In the evening, he returns home to Ivana and her mother, bragging about his money and toying around with his young son.

Cast

 * Jean Sorel as Davide
 * Lea Massari as Freya
 * Jeanne Valérie as Marina
 * Rik Battaglia as Carpiti
 * Valeria Ciangottini as Ivana
 * Isabelle Corey as Sabina
 * Paolo Stoppa as Moglie, book-keeper

Censorship
From a Roman Balcony, originally 102 minutes long, underwent several cuts. In September 1960, a version running 89 minutes was presented to the Ministero del turismo e dello spettacolo, Italy's film censorship board, which rated it as VM16 (not suitable for children under 16). In addition, the committee imposed the following scenes to be deleted, trimming the film to 83 minutes: 1) the scene in which Davide and Marina hug each other in the room where the dead body lies (reel 4); 2) the scene on the terrace, in which Marina offers herself to David taking off her shirt (reel 5); 3) the scene in the woods, in which David and Freja lie on the ground and he starts undressing; 4) The scene where they remain lying next to each other after sexual intercourse must be shortened; 5) in the song the following sentence must be deleted: "... if your mother is a prostitute you are the daughter of a bitch... (page 8)"; 6) the following sentences must be deleted: Freja: "... you like women of your same age or prostitutes?", Davide: "... well, after I paid the prostitutes, how am I going to find the other women... usually prostitutes (page 74)." Further cuts were imposed in May 1961, resulting in a running time of 79 minutes. For the film's 1977 TV screening, the film was reviewed again and approved in a 79 minutes long version.

Reception
In his review for La Stampa, critic Leo Pestelli emphasised Bolognini's "attentive" direction, Moravia's and Pasolini's "cinematic" writing and (with the exception of Lea Massari) the "fiery" cast. The Segnalazioni cinematografiche, although approving of the acting and cinematography, found the film "fragmented and discontinuous" and the direction "solely aimed at achieving certain effects".

Legacy
From a Roman Balcony was repeatedly screened at the Cinémathèque française between 2010 and 2019 in a 89 minutes running French version.

The film was released on an Italian Region 2 DVD by A & R Productions in 2014 and re-released by Mustang Entertainment/RTI/Univideo in 2020.

title: From a Roman Balcony


text:
User:Jeshii~enwikibooks

Um, yeah, this is me... Check out my homepage or my wikipedia user page for more info.

title: User:Jeshii~enwikibooks


text:
Kaingdaw

Kaingdaw is a village in Kyain Seikgyi Township, Kawkareik District, in the Kayin State of Myanmar. It is located on the left (western) bank of the Haungthayaw River.

title: Kaingdaw


text:
Talk:Adam Mniszek

Grammar
Article reviewed and edited for grammar, B-Class-4 flag cleared. Tedmarynicz (talk) 10:56, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Adam Mniszek


text:
хлѣбъ

Etymology
From, from , compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) bread
 * 2) loaf of bread

Etymology
, further probably borrowed from, , ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) bread
 * 2) grain
 * 3) food, meal, treat
 * 4) subsistence
 * 5) prosphora

Etymology
, from, probably borrowed from , , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) bread
 * 2) loaf of bread
 * 3) food, meal
 * 4) grain
 * 1) grain

title: хлѣбъ


text:
Spahn Ranch (EP)

Spahn Ranch is the eponymously titled debut EP by Spahn Ranch, released on October 16, 1992, by Cleopatra Records. The album was mostly a vehicle for founding member Matt Green and Rob Morton, who had been composing together for nearly five years before being signed to Cleopatra.

Personnel
Adapted from the Spahn Ranch liner notes.

Spahn Ranch
 * Scott Franklin (as Chopper Franklin) – lead vocals
 * Matt Green – guitar, bass guitar
 * Rob Morton – sampler, programming, production

Production and design
 * Rod O'Brien – production, engineering, mixing
 * Christopher Payne – cover art, illustrations, design

title: Spahn Ranch (EP)


text:
Listed buildings in New Mills

New Mills is a civil parish in High Peak, Derbyshire. It contains 65 listed buildings, which are designated by Historic England and recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one (Torr Vale Mill) is listed at Grade II*; the rest are at Grade II. Hague Bridge and Borderstone/Hope Cottage have two listings, as they span parish boundaries.

List of buildings

 * }

title: Listed buildings in New Mills


text:
Christen Aagaard

Christen Lauritsen Aagaard (27 or 28 January 1616, in Viborg, Denmark – 5 February 1664, in Ribe ), was a Danish poet. He studied from 1635 to 1639 in Copenhagen. Since 1647 he was professor of poetry at the University of Copenhagen. In 1651 he became rector and in 1658 lecturer in theology at Ribe, in Jutland and also preacher at Vester-Vedsted. Among other Latin poems, he wrote Threni Hyperborei, [Lamentations of the North] published, in folio, in 1648, on the death of Christian IV, King of Denmark. Several of his pieces are inserted in the first volume of Rostgaard's Deliciae Poëtarum Danorum (Copenhagen 1693).

Further works

 * Laurus cimbrica, poema heroicum de Victoria Christiani IV adversum classem Sueco-Batavam die 16 maj 1664 (Copenhagen 1644)
 * De Homagio Frederici III, Daniae et Norvegiae regis (Copenhagen 1660)

title: Christen Aagaard


text:
Talk:Python Programming

About

 * Started: 19 October 2003
 * Size: 27,300 words (Oct 2013)
 * Printable version
 * Printable version
 * Printable version

Safety of user input data
Hi i didn't found anything about preventing XSS injection and SQL injections. I think its important part of doing web apps. Chris.
 * Although avoiding XSS injection and SQL injection is indeed important, I believe it is a cross-language skill that should be learned separately from the language itself (it could make a book by itself). There are however, aspects of certain language that is often an easy weak-point for malicious hackers coupled with careless programmer. In python, these weak points would be (not a complete list): input (python 2.x and below), eval, exec, popen, and subprocess, possibly open too. These weak points should be mentioned.

Non-programmers python tutorial
If anyone wants to, feel free to take any material from the tutorial that I wrote for the python programming language. Non-programmers python tutorial. I grant permission to relicense it under the GNU Free Documentation License (though I would recommend keeping the public domain exception for the programming samples). Josh Cogliati. Jrincayc 15:42, 16 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Thank you very much! I'll start to integrate it into the module ASAP Thunderbolt16 22:56, 17 Jan 2004 (UTC)
 * I started wikifiying it to simplify integrating it in. See my User:Jrincayc page for the contents. Jrincayc 02:43, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * More or less finished wikifying it. See User:Jrincayc/Contents -- Jrincayc 02:54, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * I plan on moving it from User:Jrincayc to Non-programmers Python Tutorial, if nobody objects. I am doing this because the server honors.montana.edu is being permanently shutdown, so I wish to start changing links to it to point to wikibooks rather than honors.montana.edu.   Jrincayc 02:44, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Josh's work is now avaialable at http://www.andamooka.org/reader.pl?section=easytut as his link to the website at U. Montana is broken.--DavidRoss 06:23, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you. That looks excellent. We now have Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python.
 * Well, that's technically merely a redirect to the specific version of Python we recommend for new people.
 * At the moment it redirects to Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 2.6.
 * Someday it will become a redirect to Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 3 (after a few more issues are resolved).
 * Even further in the future I expect Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python to redirect to Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 4. :-) --DavidCary (discuss • contribs) 19:18, 29 February 2012 (UTC)

Explain what makes this book unique
People mentioned that Python is already covered in:
 * the book "How to think like a Computer Scientist: Learning with Python", which is already a comprehensive text about Python and covers a lot of topics on programming. Why not use that? --Offray
 * Dive Into Python by Mark Pilgrim, which is licenced under the GNU FDL--::Noldoaran 18:14, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * The official Python documentation --Beuc

Please add a note in the synopsys or introduction about what fostered the development of this wikibook :)

September 2004 revamp
I am about to delve into this thing, and find it's pretty much in disarray. It appears nobody is workin on it, so I'm going to go right ahead.

I have a structure in mind. The sections of the book will go something like this:

 * 1) Introduction - What is Python; Getting Python; Editing Python programs.
 * 2) Tutorial - A series of examples and exercises.
 * 3) Language concepts - Indepth and complete treatment of Python's implementation of syntax, variables, flow control, files, classes, etc.
 * 4) Standard modules - Indepth documentation of standard modules.
 * 5) Function reference - Indepth documentation of standard functions. (Not sure about this section.)
 * 6) Appendices - List of keywords and similar stuff.

See User:Yath/Python for the full chapter outline.

Yath 19:24, 24 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Web scripting
I'd like to read how to write a page containing a python script and how to configure apache to understand python. Thanks <IP_ADDRESS> 07:28, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

Using saved programs
Could somebody elaborate on how to get a saved python program? I entered the program in a notepad file. But when I try to get it on the python command line, it says that the : in C:\ is wrong syntax. How do I get the programs? --elpenmaster

Naming policy
You might want to consider the WB:NP. Your current naming convention is deprecated and has several disadvantages - e.g. it has no navigational links. Also your worthy effort is neither considered a book nor a section inside a book. See wikistats which implements an extensive book and section detector.

--Krischik T 07:15, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Adding to this, it would be a good idea in my opinion to drop the "Programming" pseudo-namespace. Books are starting to move out of that, notably Ada Programming. -Matt 23:41, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Now what should be the new location, is it Python?. --Baijum81 04:40, 8 June 2006 (UTC)
 * One day the pages should be moved by a bot to fit the new scheme, but I'm not sure how to request that. Going to the bot maintainer's talk page will probably do it. -Matt 14:30, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm adding the Development stages to each of the sections to it's easier to find stuff to work on at a glance. Help:Development_stages I'm not going to 100% beside any sections (yet) as I am not a python expert, and I am reluctant to say that a section that is complete.  Once I have done this, I will work on fleshing out some of the sections that need content.

 * I am new to contributing to wikibooks--well to any of the wikimedia projects--so any pointers or suggestions would be helpful. -DavidRoss 20:00, 6 Aug 2006 (PDT)

Unified Navigation
The navigation bars on this book are problematic: there doesn't seem to be any kind of general consensus on navigation bar template. What is/should be the convention? --Quartz25 21:19, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

For reference, the convention seems to be to use the  template for the top, and no template is used on the bottom. --Quartz25 23:54, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

Changes to the Introduction section
The introduction, as it now appears, is convoluted, incomplete, and circular. Thus I propose the following pages to be used in the following order:

1. Installing the python language itself
 * Broken down by platform

2. Interactive mode Python interpreter.
 * With demonstrative "Hello World" program (or perhaps a very simple print "What Is Your Name?", print "What is your quest?", print "What is your favorite color?") example.

3. Non-interactive mode python interpreter.
 * With the same demonstrative Hello program, instructing the user to use a simple text editor to save it as a text file.

4. Python Editors & Addons
 * (broken down by OS)
 * I'm placing this last, because this section is always going to be very much up in the air relative to a user's own tastes, but the link to the Python Editors should be maintained.
 * Furthermore, some people will be quite happy with the simple built-in text editors for quite a while, and we want to get them up to coding as quickly as possible, thus this section isn't, strictly speaking, necessary.
 * The addons come very last, because people just taking their first steps into python probably aren't looking to extend the language; again, not strictly necessary, not here anyway.
 * In fact, this last page could probably be best served as 2 separate sections of the appendix.

Once I figure out how to create subfolders and subpages in my user page, I'll start posting my reworking of the introduction there, and people can start commenting as they see fit. --MyOwnLittlWorld 19:24, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

The pages are up now at my user page, please tell me what you think and whether or not the intro should be replaced. Thanks, MyOwnLittlWorld 23:18, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Question or Suggestion on the TOC
When you say User Interface on the TOC to you mean a topic on UI creation or is it a section to explain the UI of Python IDLE. And if its a UI section I will suggest some GUI Programming using the Tkinter Library if possible also support the Glade Library.

Few changes or Updates
--Dragonecc (talk) 01:34, 8 December 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) Help on the Python OOP page. I can use a little more help on the terms as their still too technical.
 * 2) Help with the installation of Python language (Ubuntu and Mac section)

Two links to Gaming
There seems to be two links to the module "Game Programming in Python" in the index. Should one be deleted? It is messing up the navigation on each page.

If so, which one should go? I was thinking about getting rid of the one under the section "Learning to program in Python" because the game programming is a more advanced subject.

--hypergeek14 (talk) 21:14, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

I have just noticed that there are also two links to the Files module. This time I think the link under "Rocking the Python (Modules)" section should go, as files are a basic concept.

--hypergeek14 (talk) 21:21, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

 * The deed has been done.
 * --hypergeek14 (talk) 21:44, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
 * --hypergeek14 (talk) 21:44, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

Examples?
I would like to understand the reasons for using dictionaries, tuples, lists, etc. I can't see the reasons for doing most of the things in this language. There are never an explanation of why you'd want to use certain things. Hires an editor (talk) 21:40, 18 February 2010 (UTC)

redundancy
Is there a reason why most of the content is there twice? Once under "Learning to program in Python" and once under "Python concepts". I believe we should merge those sections. Especially the following are very similar:

 * Errors and Exceptions
 * Flow control and Decision control
 * Scoping and Namespaces

Also I dont see a reason why modules need to be treated separately but still appear many times before in the text. I would also like to fix that. Any other suggestions? Greetings --Hannes Röst (talk) 07:56, 20 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, I believe the sections were written by separate people with differing visions of the final book. I was trying to rewrite the whole thing coherently, but moved on to other projects.  You can see my single plan here.  Your goals seem similar to what I was thinking.  I might return as I would like to teach Python to a friend from this. --Jesdisciple (talk) 12:12, 23 August 2010 (UTC)

Which version of Python to use
Python 2.x or 3.x? The book in its current form contains many examples and explanation of language structures, internal functions, statements and all of that. However, there seems to be great inconsistency in the implementation of it. The most glaring is the use of print as a function (3.x style) or as a bare statement (2.x style). Whichever choice is made, it needs to be clearly represented somewhere, that or all examples need a note as to the language major version they're written in, or even written in both major versions as examples should be copy/past-able.

Drivers for a decision 2 vs 3:
 * How long is this book expected to be useful (3.x is going to be more useful in the longer run)
 * Is third-party package support critical for people still learning the language (as most exist purely for 2.x and 2to3 is not a tool for those new to the language)
 * What version is mastered by the editors here (going with 3, only to discover a wholesome three people know it, is a disappointment about to happen)

 * Greetings while you may have a valid point on newer Python release, there are some problems. Python 2.6 is highly use release across major Linux :releases and corporate development.  For this environment Python module are a great impact and migration to Python 3 make have costly deployment.  :Until modules are translated to Python 3 or native supported development for Python 2.6 will continue. This has being experimented with other :programming language like Cobol, Fortran and Pascal.  Also this book samples could be easily ported to Python 3 with minor changes.  Went the :development community embrace Python 3 then the book could either be ported or a new book could be written.
 * Hope this help.
 * Hope this help.

 * --Dragonecc (talk) 16 January 2011(UTC)

 * Question remains. Is this book based on Python 2 or 3 or is it mix of both? In any case it should be clearly stated. --Usp (discuss • contribs) 18:29, 22 March 2013 (UTC)

Python 2 Vs Python 3
As there are substantial differences between Python2 and Python3, it would be better if this book clearly stated which version it does cover to avoid leading newbies onto a steep learning curve. --Mecanismo (discuss • contribs) 17:05, 26 July 2013 (UTC)
 * The book mainly covers Python 2; in each location in which it covers Python 3 in addition, it should state so explicitly. An example of indicating which Python is being described is at Python Programming/Input and Output. --Dan Polansky (discuss • contribs) 20:03, 13 October 2013 (UTC)

Archive Old Discussions
Let's archive the old discussions. It is pointless and confusing having them around if they are no longer relevant. Hackbinary (discuss • contribs) 21:50, 13 October 2013 (UTC)
 * This is for you Dan-the-man, so could you revert the Talk page back to where I had it last night, and copy in the additions that we both have put on it? Thanks in advance. Hackbinary (discuss • contribs) 21:51, 13 October 2013 (UTC)

 * I oppose archiving the old discussions. I only support their archiving after the page becomes long, which it has not. --Dan Polansky (discuss • contribs) 22:08, 13 October 2013 (UTC)

Contents / Landing Page re-org
Last night I reorganised the Contents page. Danielle Polansky was not happy with some of words that I chose for section headings. I propose reverting back my changes, and use the following headings: Intro --> Getting Started Basics --> Fundamentals I introduced a new section called 'Code Reuse' that moves out everything from Functions, to Classes, and namespaces. Modules is redundant Standard Library Modules Third-party modules Writing extension modules --> Extending Python Appendices What are your thoughts? Hackbinary (discuss • contribs) 21:50, 13 October 2013 (UTC)
 * I oppose your changes, now as before.
 * Your "Dan-the-man", "Danielle Polansky", and "Danny boy" are not in good faith. Go away and find another playground. --Dan Polansky (discuss • contribs) 22:10, 13 October 2013 (UTC)
 * And you calling me a moron is in not in good faith. You talking down to me is not good faith.  If you would like to be treated with respect and dignity Dan, then I suggest you treat others with respect and dignity.  Your treatment of me has been rather undignified, and I am glad that I illustrated that to you.Hackbinary (discuss • contribs) 22:27, 13 October 2013 (UTC)
 * You conceded that chapters did not follow logically. Here is my revision of the page for you to review again:   Hackbinary (discuss • contribs) 22:27, 13 October 2013 (UTC)
 * It is you that I wish could find another playground. All I want to do is add some content, and already expressed, improve the readability, and ease of use of the book. You seem to have some idea in your head on how it should be, but you will not share it and you are unwilling to have others contribute how they think the book should work.  And you have taken a very abrasive, demeaning tone with me.  Hackbinary (discuss • contribs) 22:27, 13 October 2013 (UTC)
 * I am pressing ahead with reorganising, refactoring, and rationalising the chapters and chapter order as there is a fair bit of duplicated content which needs to be sorted through. I have organised the chapters into what I think are a coherent order.   There is currently duplication across numerous chapters, and as much as as possible, I have grouped chapters with similar content together, but their names may not be representative of their content at this time, eg text is really about strings.  Hackbinary (discuss • contribs) 16:28, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * If you think you have a better order, or vision on how it should be, let's discuss, and get it documented Hackbinary (discuss • contribs) 16:30, 15 October 2013 (UTC)
 * I disagree with such parts of your edits as is renaming "Basics" to "Fundamentals" or even "The very Language Basics". I disagree with edits that are not constituting an objectively unquestionable improvements but rather are pushing a personal preference when these edits come from someone who is not interested in contributing actual content to the book. You are not prevented from adding content; you are prevented from an arbitrary reorganization. No, you should not be "pressing ahead with reorganising, refactoring, and rationalising" as long as your content contribution to Wikibook is nearly nonexistent and there is an opposition to that reorganizing. --Dan Polansky (discuss • contribs) 08:03, 19 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Sorry, you're inactivity lead the status quo being changed. While you have contributed some good content, you are not the dictator of Programming Python. The content must be rationalised in a progressive manner, and if you are unwilling to be cooperative, I will seek assistance from others.  You have a track record of being obstinate, and forcing your views on others.   To begin with Basics is not a good section title.  The word is overly generic and does nothing to articulate that the section is about core building blocks of the language, Fundamentals on the other hand says this is core material to what will be discussed further on.  Furthermore, it makes immeasurable sense to organise related chapters that duplicate content together, before the content is merged into one chapter.  Do you not concur that the chapters Sequences, Data types, Numbers, Strings, Text, Lists, Tuples, Dictionaries, and Sets duplicates a fair amount of material?  Do not agree that this needs to merged together in a managed, organised and controlled way? If you are going to be so argumentative, and obstructive to the work that I am doing, then fine, that is your decision, but I am going to press ahead.  If you wish to discuss it, and compromise, then I am happy to do the same.  I am not willing to be in a situation where you feel that you can call the shots and that you feel that you can make arbitrary decisions yourself.  Over the past week I have been reading through chapters with greater detail, and reading through the change logs, and for example I do not approve of your revert 6 Oct, Input and Output  as it seems to me that using with is the better way to open a file context and read the file because 1.) you do not have to explicitly close the file once the execution path falls out of scope, and 2.) the handling of exceptions is better with the with block.  My point is that you make arbitrary changes yourself that have dubious merit.Hackbinary (discuss • contribs) 12:50, 20 October 2013 (UTC)

pdf problems
In the pdf version page 94 (numbered 90) has the page number superimposed over text. The first 2 pages aren't numbered, the next 2 are numbered III & IV, & the rest are numbered starting with 1. The Contents are on pages III, IV, & 1 with the text starting on 3 which doesn't make sense. At least on my system, pages 157-159 print out cropped. In the case of 157 and 159, cropping some of the blank space at the top and bottom respectively solved the problem. To fix 158 I suggest putting the entire section 36.3 on page 159. <IP_ADDRESS> (discuss) 00:31, 26 December 2013 (UTC)

Printed version very differ from main article, October 2015
First I notice missed "Extending with ..." chapters in existing PDF. I generated PDF myself (mediawiki2latex 7.21) from current article, but then I found that "Extending with ctypes" and some another chapters no included in printer version too. So maybe they need to be synchronized? Yasondinalt (discuss • contribs) 18:48, 25 October 2015 (UTC)

Yes I think you need to modify the printable version to include these chapters respectively. It should be rather obvious for you how to do that. Thanks for using mediawiki2latex. Yours --Dirk Hünniger (discuss • contribs) 19:14, 25 October 2015 (UTC)

Ok, I will compare articles in few days. Thank you for very useful tool! Yasondinalt (discuss • contribs) 19:21, 25 October 2015 (UTC)

Chapter 4, 5 and 6 are Missing
Noticed a very annoying issue with the PDF after printing the entire thing out and binding...

Chapter 4,5 and 6 are missing and contain only the text like:

I think it may have to do with that navigation (Redirected from) which I have removed and it waiting for moderation Surfer190 (discuss • contribs) 12:25, 27 December 2015 (UTC)

Hey, I resolved the issue just now. Clear you Bowser Cache and redownload the PDF. Thanks for reporting the issue. --Dirk Hünniger (discuss • contribs) 13:49, 27 December 2015 (UTC)

This book for sale on Amazon
This book seems to be available for sale on Amazon. That's kinda cool. Good to see wikibooks content being made available in that form. Good to see an example of commercial use of the content too I guess, but...

It's rather expensive though. I mean it's kind of a normal technology book price £19.89 on the UK store. I would expect it to be cheaper, given that it's available to download from here for free, and authored here by volunteers. Either that or I would expect the profits to be donated to wikibooks (which may be the case, but I don't see any label about that). Otherwise it feels a little bit like purchasers are being misled, and the community here is not being adequately rewarded.

How do others feel about it? It's not really my place to be outraged, since I've not authored any of this book myself. It could be that the book was actually authored elsewhere and copied in here, or authored by a few people here who are now profiting from publishing the book on amazon. What's the situation?

-- Harry Wood (discuss • contribs) 21:28, 29 January 2016 (UTC)

Shouldn't this be updated to Python 3?
Since Python 2 is now officially deprecated, I think this should really be updated to Python 3. This is the most complete Wikibooks reference body on Python, and it would really be a shame if it just got supplanted by the Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 3. Milanand (discuss • contribs) 11:55, 12 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm currently working on this here. Milanand (discuss • contribs) 12:37, 12 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I've lost access to my old account, but I'm still working on this here. Milanandreew (discuss • contribs) 07:13, 18 December 2020 (UTC)

Migrate to Python 3
This book is currently very disorganized; the Python 2 and Python 3 seem to be mixed together. I think that the book should be completely migrated to Python 3 because it is more useful in the long run. At the very least, the book should either be about Python 2 or 3, so there isn't confusion. Calgary341 (discuss • contribs) 20:24, 18 February 2022 (UTC)

If people still want the Python 2 stuff, we can simply make a new book called Python 2 Programming or something like that. Calgary341 (discuss • contribs) 20:26, 18 February 2022 (UTC)

 * Seems a reasonable proposition. Additionally, it would be nice if it explained how Python 2 differed in syntax, if at all. -- Jules (Mrjulesd) 22:20, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * There could be a page called something like "Python 2 vs. Python 3" somewhere. Calgary341 (discuss • contribs) 17:32, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Whoops, just realized that page already exists! Calgary341 (discuss • contribs) 21:45, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Indeed: Python Programming/Python 2 vs. Python 3. --Dan Polansky (discuss • contribs) 14:58, 4 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Now that Python 2 is no longer supported (support ended in 2020), I agree with migrating the book to Python 3. The first obvious impact is on all the print statements that should now become print functions (invocation uses brackets), then there is the true division (3/2==1.5), then there is the new unicode treatment, and then there are other differences. Changing the print statements is a straightforward if laborious task, but making sure everything else is correctly covered will be more of a challenge. --Dan Polansky (discuss • contribs) 14:58, 4 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I migrated print statements and performed some other changes to migrate the book to Python 3. One thing that remains is converting the external links to point to Python 3 documentation. An independent review searching for remaining things to do and mistakes would be helpful. --Dan Polansky (discuss • contribs) 11:01, 5 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Python Programming


text:
Richard A. Anderson

Lance Corporal Richard Allen Anderson (16 April 1948 – 24 August 1969) was a United States Marine who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions above and beyond the call of duty in August 1969 during the Vietnam War.

On 24 August 1969, Anderson's platoon was ambushed near Vandegrift Combat Base in Quang Tri Province. Anderson was wounded early in the skirmish but delivered suppressing fire on the North Vietnamese forces. When a militant threw a grenade at the American forces, Anderson threw himself on it and saved the life of another Marine.

Biography
Anderson was born on 16 April 1948, in Washington, D.C. At an early age, he moved with his parents to Houston, Texas. Anderson graduated from M.B. Smiley High School there in May 1966, then attended San Jacinto Junior College in Pasadena, Texas, for a year and a half.

Anderson enlisted in the Marine Corps in Houston on 8 April 1968. Upon completion of recruit training with the 2d Recruit Training Battalion, Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, California, he received individual combat training with the 1st Battalion, 2d Infantry Training Regiment, Marine Corps Base, Camp Pendleton, California, and returned to San Diego to attend Sea School. Anderson was promoted to Private First Class (PFC) effective 1 July 1968.

PFC Anderson completed his training in October 1968 and was ordered to the Far East, where he joined Sub Unit #1, Provisional Service Battalion, 9th Marine Amphibious Brigade.

In November 1968, Anderson was reassigned duty with the 3rd Marine Division in the Republic of Vietnam, and served initially as a rifleman with Company D, 1st Battalion, 4th Marines. In January 1969, he assumed duty as a scout, and later, Assistant Fire Team Leader with Company E, 3rd Reconnaissance Battalion, 3rd Marine Division. Anderson was promoted to Lance Corporal effective 1 June 1969.

On 24 August 1969, while participating in combat approximately 12 miles northwest of Vandegrift Combat Base in Quang Tri Province, Anderson was killed in action.

Military awards
Anderson's military decorations and awards include:

Medal of Honor citation
The President of the United States in the name of United States Congress takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to

LANCE CORPORAL RICHARD A. ANDERSON UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS for service as set forth in the following

CITATION:

"For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving as an Assistant Fire Team Leader with Company E, 3rd Reconnaissance Battalion, 3rd Marine Division, in connection with combat operations against an armed enemy in the Republic of Vietnam. While conducting a patrol during the early morning hours of 24 August 1969, Lance Corporal Anderson's reconnaissance team came under a heavy volume of automatic weapons and machine gun fire from a numerically superior and well-concealed enemy force. Although painfully wounded in both legs and knocked to the ground during the initial moments of the fierce fire fight, Lance Corporal Anderson assumed a prone position and continued to deliver intense suppressive fire in an attempt to repulse the attackers. Moments later he was wounded a second time by an enemy soldier who had approached to within eight feet of the team's position. Undaunted, he continued to pour a relentless stream of fire at the assaulting unit, even while a companion was treating his legs wounds. Observing an enemy hand grenade land between himself and the other Marine, Lance Corporal Anderson immediately rolled over and covered the lethal weapon with his body, absorbing the full effects of the detonation. By his indomitable courage, inspiring initiative, and selfless devotion to duty, Lance Corporal Anderson was instrumental in saving several Marines from serious injury or possible death. His actions were in keeping with the highest traditions of the Marine Corps and of the Department of the Navy. He gallantly gave his life in the service of his country."

/S/ Richard M. Nixon

title: Richard A. Anderson


text:
Flag of Glamorgan

The Glamorgan flag (Baner Forgannwg) is the flag of the county of Glamorgan. It was registered with the Flag Institute on 24 September 2013.

Design
The flag is a banner of the arms of Iestyn ap Gwrgant, the last ruler of the Kingdom of Morgannwg, the predecessor of the county of Glamorgan. The design of three silver chevrons on a red field features in the coats of arms of many of the councils in the area, including those of the Vale of Glamorgan and of former Mid, South and West Glamorgan. It also features on the flag of Cardiff where a dragon is holding the banner aloft symbolising Cardiff's status as county town of Glamorgan.

The Pantone colours for the flag are:
 * Red 186
 * White

title: Flag of Glamorgan


text:
Talk:Roderick D. McKenzie

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(academics)
I approved this draft on the basis of criteria 3 of academic notability--American Sociological Association VP and charter member of Sociological Research Association (although he probably satisfies #5 for being Chair at U of M pre-war). AugusteBlanqui (talk) 14:11, 15 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Roderick D. McKenzie


text:
Chota Imambara

Chota Imambara, also known as Imambara Hussainabad Mubarak is a monument located in the city of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. It took 54 years to build. Built as an imambara, or a congregation hall for Shia Muslims, by Muhammad Ali Shah, the Nawab of Awadh in 1838, it was to serve as a mausoleum for himself and his mother, who is buried beside him.

The significance of Panjetan, the holy five, is emphasized with five main doorways. This Imambara consists of two halls and a Shehnasheen (a platform where the Zarih of Imam Husain is kept.) Zarih is the replica of that protective grill or structure which is kept on the grave of Imam Husain at Karbala, Iraq. The large green and white bordered hall of Azakhana is richly decorated with chandeliers and a good number of crystal glass lamp-stands. In fact, it was for this profuse decoration that the Imambara was referred by European visitors and writers as The Palace of Lights. The exterior is very beautifully decorated with Quranic verses in Islamic calligraphy.

Overview
The Chhota Imambara stands to the west of Bara Imambara and an imposing gateway known as Rumi Darwaza. The building is also known as the Palace of Lights because of its decorations and chandeliers during special festivals, like Muharram.

The chandeliers used to decorate the interior of this building were brought from Belgium. Also housed within the building, is the crown of Muhammad Ali Shah and ceremonial tazias. Thousands of labourers worked on the project to gain famine relief.

It has a gilded dome and several turrets and minarets. The tombs of Muhammad Ali Shah and other members of his family are inside the imambara. This includes two replicas of the Taj Mahal, built as the tombs of Muhammad Ali Shah's daughter and her husband. The walls are decorated with Arabic calligraphy.

Water supply for the fountains and the water bodies inside the imambara came directly from the Gomti River.

Tomb of Princess Asiya Begum, daughter of Nawab Mohammad Ali Shah Bahadur (3rd Nawab of Awadh)
This structure serves as a mausoleum for the grave of Princess Asiya Begum Sahiba, daughter of the Nawab Mohammed Ali Shah and two other graves. This is a small-scale copy of the Taj Mahal.

Treasury
The other structure facing the tomb was built for the architectural symmetry and balance of the Imambara. It was used as a treasury.

Husainabad Mosque
This mosque is built on a high platform with two grand minarets on the edge of the platform. This mosque is very beautifully decorated with floral designs and Quranic calligraphy.

Satkhanda
The word Satkhanda means seven-storeyed but this beautifully proportioned tower would never live up to its name as construction was halted at level 4. Nawab Muhammad Ali Shah commissioned the structure during his reign, which started in 1837 and went on till 1842. He built it as a watch-tower to provide a bird’s eye view of the old city area of Lucknow. The tower has many huge triple-arched windows and compartments. A flight of spiral steps leads to different storeys of the building.

Improper restoration
The building has been renovated; however, the process has been criticized. In 2016 The Economist wrote that "[this building] was recently “repaired” with modern cement, wrecking its subtle plasterwork".

title: Chota Imambara


text:
Sitticini

The Sitticini are a tribe of spiders in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders). The tribe has been divided into two subtribes, Aillutticina, with five Neotropical genera, and Sitticina, with five genera from Eurasia and the Americas. One genus is unplaced within the tribe. The taxonomy of the tribe has been subject to considerable uncertainty. It was clarified in 2020.

Description
The group is now primarily defined by molecular phylogenetic analysis. However, members can be distinguished from other salticids by the fourth leg being much longer than the third and by the absence of the retromarginal cheliceral tooth.

Taxonomy
The group was first described by Eugène Simon in 1901, under the name "Sitticeae". It was treated as the subfamily Sitticinae by various authors before being reduced to the tribe Sitticini by Wayne Maddison in 2015.

The taxonomy of the tribe has been subject to considerable uncertainty; generic boundaries were changed repeatedly between 2017 and 2020. For example, Attulus floricola was known as Sitticus floricola until moved to Sittiflor floricola in 2017, to Calositticus floricola in 2018, back to Sitticus floricola in 2019, and then to Attulus floricola in 2020. Most sitticines were placed in Sitticus until 2017, when Jerzy Prószyński split the genus into seven: Attulus, Sitticus and five new genera Sittiab, Sittiflor, Sittilong, Sittipub and Sittisax. This division was not based on a phylogenetic analysis but was intended to be "pragmatic".

A molecular phylogenetic analysis in 2020 restored most sitticine species to a single genus, Attulus (the name which has priority over Sitticus), circumscribed to include Sitticus, Sittiflor, Sittilong and Sittipub. (Prószyński's Sittisax was retained, but his Sittiab was synonymized with Attinella. ), the World Spider Catalog recognized 58 species in Attulus, as opposed to 15 in Jollas, one of the next largest genera in the tribe.

Phylogeny
In 2020, Maddison and co-workers divided the tribe Sitticini into two subtribes, Aillutticina and Sitticina, each with five genera, and published a cladogram showing the relationship among the genera in Sitticina:

Subtribes and genera
Genera included in the tribe Sitticini by Maddison and co-workers in 2020 were:
 * Subtribe Aillutticina
 * Aillutticus Galiano, 1987
 * Amatorculus Ruiz & Brescovit, 2005
 * Capeta Ruiz & Brescovit, 2005
 * Gavarilla Ruiz & Brescovit, 2006
 * Nosferattus Ruiz & Brescovit, 2005
 * Subtribe Sitticina
 * Attinella Banks, 1905
 * Attulus Simon, 1889
 * Jollas Simon, 1901
 * Sittisax Prószyński, 2017
 * Tomis F.O. P-Cambridge, 1901
 * incertae sedis
 * Semiopyla Simon, 1901

Distribution
The five genera placed in the subtribe Aillutticina are found in the Neotropics and the Caribbean. The five genera placed in the subtribe Sitticina are native to Eurasia and the rest of the Americas. The unplaced genus Semiopyla is found from Mexico to Argentina and Paraguay. It is believed that the tribe originated in the Neotropics, and diverged rapidly more recently in Eurasia, with dispersal back into the Americas.

title: Sitticini


text:
SPW

SPW may refer to:
 * Schroders Personal Wealth, a British financial planning company operated as a joint venture between Schroders and Lloyds Banking Group.
 * The Schützenpanzerwagen, Sd.Kfz. 251, an armoured fighting vehicle built by Germany during World War II
 * Semi Precious Weapons, an American glam rock band.
 * Sexuality Policy Watch, a global activist and research forum on sexuality, policies and politics; based in Brazil.
 * MTR station code for Shui Pin Wai stop, Hong Kong
 * Singapore Pro Wrestling, the first professional wrestling promotion in Singapore.
 * The Socialist Party of Washington, a state affiliate of the Socialist Party of America established in 1901
 * South Pole Wall, massive cosmic structure formed by a giant wall of galaxies (a galaxy filament).
 * The IATA code for Spencer Municipal Airport, a public airport in Spencer, Iowa.
 * SPW, the SAME code for a shelter-in-place warning.
 * SPX Corporation, based on its symbol on the New York Stock Exchange, SPW.
 * St Peter's Woodlands Grammar School, a co-educational Anglican primary school located in Adelaide, South Australia.
 * Students Partnership Worldwide, an international development charity specialising in youth-to-youth education

title: SPW


text:
Commons

A Commons, in the broad sense, refers to resources that are collectively owned or shared by all. On the Internet, such resources are typically media that carry free copyright licenses and open standard formats.

 * /Examples for health/

What is Wikimedia Commons?
The Wikimedia Commons (also called "Wikicommons", or just "commons") is a repository of free images, animations, audio, video and other multimedia files. Like Wikiversity, it is a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. It provides a common media resource repository to all the various Wikimedia sister projects in any language.

The media files on the Commons can be used on all other Wikimedia projects including Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Wikisource and Wikinews, or downloaded for offsite use such as for printing, presentations or other websites. All of the content is either in the public domain or released under free copyright license such as Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike license.

Almost all Images and other media that appear on Wikiversity are embedded here from the Wikimedia Commons.

Other Commons repositories

 * The Internet Archive - a very large range of historic and contemporary media, both from organisations and independents.
 * The Free Music Archive - A very large range of free music and sounds, mostly contemporary and by independents, but some historic and all genres covered. Careful with licenses that restrict comercial or derivative use
 * Youtube Creative Commons - A large and rapidly growing collection of video licensed Creative Commons Attribution. CCBy is the most flexible license but be certain it's being legitimately applied. People are free to apply the license but Youtube has only automatic procedures for checking the content.
 * Flickr Creative Commons - A very large collection of images published on Flickr with a Creative Commons license. Avoid Non Commercial and No Derivative licenses, and be certain the license is legitimate. Flickr users are free to apply a license, but Flickr has no process that verifies the legitimacy of the license
 * Flickr Commons - This is the section of Flickr that Institutions such as National Libraries, The Smithsonian, Powerhouse Museum, The Australian War Memorial and more.... However, many of the institutions licences restrict copyright to private use so be sure to check the rights of each institution

title: Commons


text:
Trongisvágsfjørður

Trongisvágsfjørður is a fjord on the island of Suðuroy in the Faroe Islands. There are four villages around the fjord. Furthest east on the northern side of the fjord is Froðba, in the bottom of the fjord is Trongisvágur. In between Trongisvágur and Froðba is Tvøroyri, the largest of these villages. South of Trongisvágur in a bay is Øravík, a part of Øravík is called Øravíkarlíð, it is located close to Trongisvágur and not visible from Øravík. These villages are in the Municipality of Tvøroyri.

The ferry port on Krambatangi
The ferry port of Krambatangi is on the southern side of the fjord between Trongisvágur and Øravík. The ferry port was on Drelnes before 2005 when the new ferry Smyril arrived, which necessitated building a new ferry port. Drelnes is just a few hundred metres further east than Krambatangi.

The Salt Silo on Drelnes
There is an old Salt Silo on Drelnes which is a ruin, but there is a plan called Project Salt which intends to restore the Saltsilo into a concert hall and cultural house. There was a big concert there in May 2010. All the bands played for free in order to support the project.

title: Trongisvágsfjørður


text:
The Tenor Scene

The Tenor Scene (also released as The Breakfast Show) is a live album by saxophonists Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis and Johnny Griffin recorded at Minton's Playhouse in 1961 and released on the Prestige label.

Reception
AllMusic awarded the album 3 stars with the review by Scott Yanow stating: "The straight-ahead music contains plenty of sparks; this was a classic group."

Track listing

 * 1) "Light and Lovely" (Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, George Duvivier) - 11:33
 * 2) "Straight, No Chaser" (Thelonious Monk) - 10:03
 * 3) "Woody 'n' You" (Dizzy Gillespie) - 7:20
 * 4) "Bingo Domingo" (Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis) - 4:33
 * 5) "I'll Remember April" (Gene de Paul, Patricia Johnston, Don Raye) - 9:29

Personnel

 * Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis - tenor saxophone
 * Johnny Griffin - tenor saxophone
 * Junior Mance - piano
 * Larry Gales - bass
 * Ben Riley - drums

title: The Tenor Scene


text:
How to Play Violin

This book teaches violin. For fiddle, see How to Play Fiddle.

For more information

 * Intriguing historical background on violin
 * Music Theory: a site that provides a course on music theory

Related Wiki Books

 * Compendium of Fiddle Styles
 * Ethnography of Fiddle
 * Contemporary Fiddlers
 * Cello Handbook

ਵਿਓਲੀਨ

title: How to Play Violin