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Mark Murphy (American football executive)

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Mark Hodge Murphy (born July 13, 1955) is an American football executive and former player who is the president and chief executive officer (CEO) for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). Murphy, a safety, went undrafted in the 1977 NFL draft after playing college football at Colgate University. He was signed by the Washington Redskins, where he played for eight seasons from 1977 to 1984. With the Redskins, Murphy won Super Bowl XVII, played in Super Bowl XVIII and led the NFL in interceptions in 1983, earning his sole Pro Bowl and All-Pro honor that season.

Murphy received a Master of Business Administration from American University near the end of his career before retiring in 1984 and earning a Juris Doctor degree from Georgetown University in 1988. After his playing career, he worked for the NFL Players Association (NFLPA) and then as a trial lawyer for the United States Department of Justice. In 1992, he was hired as the athletic director of his alma mater Colgate University. In 2003, he moved to Northwestern University to serve as their athletic director, a position he held until 2007.

In December 2007, Murphy was announced as the next president and CEO of the Green Bay Packers, succeeding John Jones as president and Bob Harlan as CEO. He took over both positions the following month. During his tenure, the Packers have been highly successful on the field. Murphy's hiring coincided with quarterback Brett Favre leaving the team and Aaron Rodgers taking over. The Packers won Super Bowl XLV in 2011, made the playoffs eight straight seasons from 2009 to 2016, and Rodgers won four MVP awards.

Murphy has only hired one new head coach and one new general manager in his tenure: Matt LaFleur and Brian Gutekunst, respectively. Off the field, Murphy oversaw two separate stock sales in 2011 and 2021 (the Packers are a publicly-owned, non-profit corporation) that funded two renovations of Lambeau Field. He also led the effort to purchase land adjacent to Lambeau Field and redevelop it into the Titletown District, a mixed-use development that supports tourism and provides year-around activities to local residents. In 2022, Murphy announced his intention to retire in 2025 when he turns 70 years old.

Early life
Mark Murphy was born on July 13, 1955, in Fulton, New York and graduated from Clarence High School. At Clarence, Murphy was an all-star in three sports: baseball, basketball and football. His senior year, he was ranked 10th academically out of a class of 357 people. He also became the first person in school history to receive a "white letter, as the outstanding performer in his sport, for all three [sports]". During his last year of high school, he "was named the best all-around athlete in western New York".

College
After high school, Murphy attended Colgate University where he received his bachelors degree in economics. While at Colgate, he played college football and baseball. Halfway through his freshman year, he became a starting defensive back. During his junior year, he led his team in interceptions and tackles, while helping Colgate to a record of 8–2. That year, he was named to the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC) Division I football all-star squad. During his college football career, he intercepted over 10 passes and was respected enough that opposing teams often did not throw the ball in his direction.

Murphy completed post-graduate work from two universities. In 1983, while playing full-time in the NFL, he completed his Master of Business Administration from American University. Then, in 1988, he received his Juris Doctor degree from Georgetown University.

NFL playing career
After deciding to focus on football, Murphy ended up going undrafted in the 1977 NFL draft. He signed shortly thereafter with the Washington Redskins as an undrafted free agent, primarily to serve on Special teams. In his first two seasons, Murphy played in 30 games, but did not start and did not record any defensive statistics (tackles were not officially recorded until 2001). He excelled on special teams as a rookie, including blocking a punt in a loss to the Dallas Cowboys. He did return three kick-offs for a total of 44 yards in his first season and caught one pass for 13 yards in his second. Murphy became a starter in his third season, beginning a run of four straight seasons where he started every game as the Redskins' starting safety. From 1979 to 1983, Murphy recorded 27 interceptions, six fumble recoveries and one forced fumble during the regular season. He added an additional interception and a fumble recovery in the playoffs. Over his career, Murphy played in 109 regular season games and 8 playoff games, all for the Redskins and the last four seasons under hall of fame head coach Joe Gibbs.

Murphy was co-captain of the 1982 Washington Redskins team that won Super Bowl XVII during the 1982 strike-shortened NFL season. During the second half of the Super Bowl, Murphy recorded a critical interception that helped prevent the Miami Dolphins from opening up a larger lead. The Redskins ultimately scored 17 straight points to secure the victory. The 1983 NFL season was Murphy's finest of his career, though, as he led the NFL in interceptions with nine. The Redskins went on to play in their second consecutive Super Bowl, although they lost 38–9 to the Los Angeles Raiders. Murphy was named to the 1984 Pro Bowl and received first-team All-Pro honors. Murphy's last season with the Redskins was the 1984 NFL season, where he missed nine games due to a knee injury. At the end of the season, he was released by the team after contract negotiations became divisive. In 1984, Murphy won the "Miller Man of the Year" for his off-field work in the community.

During his time with the Redskins, Murphy was the team's representative to the NFLPA. In this position, he became very active in the strike that shortened the 1982 NFL season. Many, including Murphy, felt that his prominent role in the players' strike led to his eventual release by the Redskins. In recognition of his achievements with the Redskins, he was named as one of the team's 70 Greatest players in history. He also is part of the organization's 50th Anniversary Team.

NFL Players Association
After retiring from the NFL, he was hired by the NFLPA in 1985 as an assistant executive director. During his three years at the NFLPA, he worked on a player counseling program, drug testing, and collective bargaining and developed the agent certification system. By 1986, he had been promoted to vice president of the NFLPA. After his playing career and tenure with the NFLPA, Murphy was selected to serve on the Commissioner's Player Advisory Committee in 1994 and NFL Youth Football Committee in 2002.

Lawyer
Murphy worked for the Street Law Clinic in 1988, where he received an award for developing a program educating inmates on the law. He then was hired as a trial attorney for the United States Department of Justice from 1989 to 1992.

Athletic director
Murphy returned to his alma mater, Colgate, in 1992 to serve as the university's athletic director. He held that position for 11 years until 2003. During his tenure, the football program had a complete turnaround. In 1995, the team went 0–11; the year after Murphy left, the team made the championship game. During his time, the team, which did not offer athletic scholarships, made the playoffs three straight years. The university also saw sustained success in other sports, including basketball, volleyball, softball, and ice hockey.

In 2003, Murphy left Colgate to take a position as the athletic director for Northwestern University. He held that position for four years until 2007. During his tenure, Murphy led a program with 19 sports, a $40 million budget and 160 employees. The sports program was highly successful, with eight national championships by individual athletes and three team titles. The football team saw increased success, winning two bowl games under Murphy, after only four in the university's history beforehand. Student-athletes at Northwestern were tied for the best graduation success rate in the country in 2007, Murphy's last year in charge of the program. In 2023, Murphy was named as a defendant in two lawsuits by former football players related to a hazing scandal that occurred during his tenure as athletic director.

Green Bay Packers
In December 2006, Bob Harlan, the Packers president since 1989 announced his intention to retire. After a selection process was finalized, John Jones, the Packers senior vice president, chief operating officer and Harlan's handpicked successor was announced as the tenth president of the Packers. Harlan retained the CEO position for a year while Jones served as president, with both representing the Packers at NFL owner meetings that year. However, just days before he was due to take over, the Packers announced he was taking an indefinite leave of absence for health reasons and concerns about performance in his role. Harlan stayed on as CEO and began another selection process. On December 3, 2007, the Packers announced Murphy as the organization's next president. Murphy officially began his tenure in January 2008, at the conclusion of the 2007 NFL season. The Packers had just come off an overtime loss to the New York Giants in the NFC Championship Game and shortly thereafter, quarterback Brett Favre announced his retirement. However, similar to past seasons where Favre contemplated retirement, he took back his retirement announcement and expressed his intention to play in the 2008 NFL season. Ultimately, Favre requested an unconditional release from the Packers so he could play for another team. Murphy met with Favre in July 2008 to discuss a $20 million marketing agreement where Favre would work with the Packers but not as a player. Favre was reinstated into the NFL in August 2008 and planned to report to the Packers training camp. However, Favre and the team agreed that it was time for Favre to move to another team and he was ultimately traded to the New York Jets a few days later. Years later, Favre took responsibility for retiring too soon and credited Murphy with helping to restore his relationship with the Packers, which culminated with Favre being invited back to Lambeau Field to have his number retired by the Packers.

Favre's successor at quarterback, Aaron Rodgers, completed his first season as a starter with a losing record of 6–10. However, his solid play impressed the team enough that he was signed to a six year, $65 million extension. Rodgers continued to improve and lead the team to success, with the 2009 season beginning a string of eight straight playoff berths. The Packers lost in the opening round of the 2009–10 playoffs, however the next year they made the playoffs as the sixth seed in the National Football Conference (NFC) and won Super Bowl XLIV. This victory likely made Murphy the first person to win a Super Bowl both as a player and as a team's chief executive. In 2011, Murphy was put on the NFL's bargaining committee to help negotiate a new collective bargaining agreement. When negotiations failed, Murphy and other team owners locked the players out for four months. The lockout ended in July 2011 when a new agreement was reached. The next season, in 2012, Murphy and the other team owners failed to come to an agreement with the NFL referees, leading to the 2012 NFL referee lockout. An agreement with the referees was only reached after outrage from the infamous Fail Mary game between the Packers and Seattle Seahawks, where replacement officials were widely panned for their controversial decisions at the end of the game.

Off the field, Murphy advocated for another stock offering to fund a $143 million expansion of Lambeau Field, which would add over 6,700 additional seats, better audio/video equipment and new entrance gates. The stock offering was authorized and began in 2011, running into 2012. The funds from the new 268,000 shares that were sold, as well as seat license fees, funded the renovation, which was complete in 2013. Almost immediately after the completion of the renovation, the Packers announced a second phase, paid entirely by the Packers. This renovation reconfigured the atrium, moved the Packers Pro Shop, relocated the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame and provided space for a new restaurant. Additional features included reconfigured outdoor spaces, new escalators and new player training facilities. In August 2015, Murphy and the Packers announced plans for a new Titletown District adjacent to Lambeau Field. This mixed-use development would provide new commercial space, residential housing, retail and public space. The Packers had been slowly purchasing property adjacent to Lambeau Field with the intention of developing it to provide additional year-round revenue streams and activation of the area during the off-season. Titletown District opened in 2017, with additional phases of development progressing in the subsequent years.

The 2017 season saw the Packers' consecutive playoff appearance streak end. After three consecutive losses dropped the Packers to 4–7–1 in the 2018 season, Murphy fired head coach Mike McCarthy and named Joe Philbin interim coach. After the conclusion of the season, Murphy hired Matt LaFleur to be the Packers' 15th head coach. Later in the year, General manager Ted Thompson announced that he would resign the position of general manager and step back into a special advisor role. Murphy promoted Brian Gutekunst, who was the Packers' director of player personnel, to the vacant general manager position. In addition to this hire, Murphy changed the way that the general manager and head coach report to the president. Instead of the previous linear reporting structure, Murphy had the head coach, the general manager and the executive vice president and director of football operations (who was Russ Ball at the time) all report directly to him. Although initially there was concern that this change would cause dysfunction, LaFleur helped lead the Packers to three consecutive seasons of 13 wins with Rodgers winning his third and fourth MVP awards in LaFleur's first two seasons. However, the Packers lost in the playoffs all three seasons, losing two consecutive NFC Championship Games and then in the Divisional Playoffs.

During this time period, the COVID-19 pandemic began and had major impacts on the NFL. The largest impact to the Packers was the playing of home games at Lambeau Field without any fans. All preseason and international games were cancelled, as well as the 2021 Pro Bowl. Murphy announced that for the first time the Packers would host the annual shareholder meeting fully virtual. Murphy also advocated for the ability for players to opt out of the season without impacting their contracts, a rule that was ultimately implemented. Additional safety measures included enhanced testing, expanded rosters and changes to how soon players could return off of injured reserve. Many of these mitigation measures continued into the 2021 NFL season, although fans were able to return to Lambeau Field with some mask requirements and other health mitigation measures. In 2021, Murphy announced the team's sixth stock sale. Approximately 190,000 new shares were sold, raising about $64 million to help fund improvements to the Lambeau Field concourse, new video boards and other infrastructure projects.

Murphy found himself in a similar situation with Rodgers as he had been in 15 years prior with Favre. For a couple seasons, Rodgers began publicly discussing retirement, his future with the Packers and the possibility of ending his career with another team. This was exacerbated when the Packers selected quarterback Jordan Love with their first-round pick in the 2020 NFL draft. After the draft, the Packers publicly committed to Rodgers as the team's starting quarterback in the near future, however Rodgers felt the selection indicated the Packers were focused on their long-term future. After the 2021 season, Rodgers again contemplated moving on from the Packers. However, in March 2022, Murphy signed Rodgers to a large contract extension and publicly committed to him being the starting quarterback moving forward. However, the Packers had a poor 2022 season, with Rodgers having one of his worst statistical seasons as the Packers' starting quarterback. The Packers were 8–8 going into the last game of the season, with a win guaranteeing a playoff berth. However the Packers lost to the Detroit Lions, bringing their record down to 8–9 and thus missing the playoffs. After a couple months of contemplating his future, Rodgers announced his intention to play in the 2023 NFL season, noting his desire to play for the New York Jets. Just as he did in 2008, Murphy traded his star quarterback to the Jets and publicly supported the successor, in this case Love, as the Packers' new starting quarterback.

In July 2022, Murphy announced that he would retire on July 13, 2025, as that would be the day he turns 70. In May 2023, Murphy announced that for the first time the Packers would host the 2025 NFL draft. Murphy and the Packers had been working for years to bring the draft to Green Bay, with it likely occurring right before Murphy retires. As of 2023, the Packers have made the playoffs 11 times, reached the NFC Championship Game five times and won one Super Bowl during Murphy's tenure. The Packers' record since he became president is 156–93–2 during the regular season and 11–10 in the playoffs. Murphy noted that in his remaining years as president he would like to see Lambeau Field renovations completed, the Titletown District built out and continued on-field success.

Personal life
Murphy married his wife Laurie, who was also a Colgate graduate, and they have four children together. They are active in numerous local organizations, including multiple schools, churches and youth sports leagues. Financially, the Murphys have donated to organizations like the Milwaukee Public Schools Foundation, We All Rise Green Bay, Urban Triage and Maroon Calabash. Murphy also pledged to donate $250,000 to "causes in Wisconsin that support social justice and racial equality" following the murder of George Floyd and subsequent protests. In 2023, Murphy and his wife purchased the Maxwell Braes Golf Course in Door County, Wisconsin, with the goal of preserving it and preventing it from being developed into housing.


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Talk:Dave Neumann

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Cookbook talk:Jamaican Jerk Spice I

Page history from Jamaican jerk spice

* (cur) (last). . 02:10, 1 Feb 2004. . Gentgeen (squashing another interwiki redirect) * (cur) (last). . 16:23, 22 Jan 2004. . Hyacinth * (cur) (last). . M 19:50, 22 Jul 2002. . Tobias Hoevekamp (-/talk) * (cur) (last). . M 07:51, 25 Feb 2002. . 0 (Automated conversion) * (cur) (last). . M 10:45, 1 Sep 2001. . Mike Dill

title: Cookbook talk:Jamaican Jerk Spice I


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Polish/More on nouns - genders

Depending on the classification chosen, there are either three or five genders in Polish:
 * Masculine (męski)
 * Masculine personal (męski osobowy)
 * Masculine animate (męski nieosobowy żywotny)
 * Masculine inanimate (męski nieosobowy nieżywotny)
 * Feminine (żeński)
 * Neuter (nijaki)

In the plural, męskoosobowy (masculine-personal) and niemęskoosobowy (non-masculine-personal) are used for masculine personal nouns and the remaining ones respectively.

Unlike German, and more like Italian, it is usually possible to determine the gender of a noun by looking at its ending and meaning.
 * Nouns that end in -a are usually feminine.
 * Exceptions include words that end in -ista, which indicate followers of some ideology (like komunista, communist) - they are considered person-masculine.
 * Nouns that end in -awca/-owca and describe professions (like sprzedawca, salesman; kierowca, driver) are also considered person-masculine.
 * An exception is the word "mężczyzna," which means "adult male person" and is obviously person-masculine.
 * Some other masculine words include "tata" (dad), "poeta" (poet), and "sędzia" (judge).
 * Some words that end in a consonant are feminine, such as gałąź (branch), jesień (autumn), łódź (boat or a Polish city), myśl (thought), noc (night), podróż (journey), pomoc (help), postać (figure), północ (north and midnight), rzecz (thing), sól (salt), twarz (face), and wieś (countryside).
 * Their declension is quite similar to that of feminine nouns ending in "-a".
 * Nouns that end in -ść are usually feminine.
 * They are often abstract nouns, such as miłość (love, from the adjective miły, nice, in old Polish "loved") and wysokość (height, from the adjective wysoki, high).
 * Nouns that end in -o, -e, -ę, or -um are usually neuter.
 * Examples include dziecko (child), zawiniątko (package), jedzenie (food), wyjście (departure, exit, solution), zwierzę (animal), and muzeum (museum). NOTE: Some nouns ending in -e are plural and require plural verbs, such as grabie (rake), Katowice, nożyce (scissors), skrzypce (violin), spodnie (pants), and szczypce (pliers).
 * Most other nouns ending in a consonant are masculine, and their exact gender depends on their meaning. The most common exceptions are animate-masculine nouns that aren't truly animate, especially in spoken language.
 * Nouns that end in -i or -u in the nominative singular are rare and mostly of foreign origin. Native Polish words ending in -i are feminine, such as gospodyni (hostess or farmer's wife) or pani (lady). NOTE: Some nouns ending in -i are plural and require plural verbs, such as drzwi (door), Helsinki, nożyczki (scissors), and obcęgi (tongs).

Now, here are some examples:

 * "Adam pije kawę" - Adam drinks coffee.
 * "Kasia widzi Adama" - Kasia sees Adam.
 * "Kot pije mleko" - A cat drinks milk.
 * "Adam widzi kota" - Adam sees a cat.
 * "Adam ma komputer" - Adam has a computer.

< Polish pronunciation < ^ Polish ^

title: Polish/More on nouns - genders


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Talk:Paul Pressey

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title: Talk:Paul Pressey


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Karizak-e Kenar Kal

Karizak-e Kenar Kal (, also Romanized as Kārīzak-e Kenār Kāl; also known as Kārīzak, Kārīzak-e Kāl, and Kārīzak Kāl) is a village in Darbqazi Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 507, in 124 families.

Notable residents
Habiballah Mehman Navaz, Cleric

title: Karizak-e Kenar Kal


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User:Pmrowczynski/sandbox

A ClearCase workspace is created by using a view (dynamic | snapshot) and set of rules from which to parse the contents of the Version Object Base (VOB)

[|Sample Config Spec]

title: User:Pmrowczynski/sandbox


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Talk:Dave Grusin

Another film
Grusin did the music for The Mad Room (1969) also. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:306:CF99:1470:683E:A8EA:F20E:59A7 (talk) 10:27, 11 October 2014 (UTC)

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Vietnamese/Vietnamization

Yes, Vietnamization has to do with the Vietnam War, but that's not what it means in this case.

With the dawn of television, computers, and the Internet, the use of words that originated with English has increased greatly. This has both increased the importance of English and diminished the importance of other languages. For other languages to keep up, their speakers have to come up with practical translations or transliterations. For Vietnamese, these translations and transliterations are called Vietnamizations. We'll take a look at:

 * how to pronounce English words the way Vietnamese speakers would understand them,
 * how to "Vietnamize" English words, and
 * commonly Vietnamized words

(Much more to come.)

title: Vietnamese/Vietnamization


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Abdiweli Ibrahim Sheikh Muudey

Abdiweli Ibrahim Ali Sheikh Muudey is a Somali politician. He is the former Minister of Labour of Somalia, having been appointed to the position on 6 February 2015 by former Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke. He was succeeded by Salah Ahmed Jama.

title: Abdiweli Ibrahim Sheikh Muudey


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searchable

Adjective

 * 1) Capable of being searched, especially something that has an automated search function included.
 * The new searchable database is much more useful than the old paper records.
 * 1) Capable of being searched for.

Translations

 * Danish: søgbar
 * Dutch:
 * Georgian: ძიებადი, მოძიებადი
 * German: durchsuchbar, suchbar
 * Hungarian:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Turkish: aranabilir

Noun

 * 1) Something that can be searched, or searched for.

title: searchable


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Wikiversity:Stream/Circle

Circle - Introduction

History:

In ancient times the circle, due to its perfect symmetrical properties, was believed to be divine.

So not only was it symbol for the sun, but all the planets had to move around the Earth in circular movements as well.

As this did not match observations, tricky adaptations of combined circular movements were constructed. It was Kepler who proposed the concept of elliptic planet movements.

Qualitative description:

A circle is a FLAT, ROUND FORM, it has NO BEGINNING and NO END, it has a CENTER, it looks very SYMMETRICAL.

Additionally a circle is relatively ABSTRACT, we do not find perfect circles in nature, but close approximations.

Examples:

The full moon appears as a really nice circle.

If we cut a pineapple in the middle, its center looks like a circle.

Crop circles (believed by some to be produced by Aliens) are sometimes very good circular approximations.

Construction:

Hold a small tree, stretch your arm, and walk around the tree. When you reach the starting point again, you have just constructed a circle.

We have found the basic property of circles here: At any position on the circle, our distance to the centre point (in our case: the tree) is the same.

Other constructional possibilities are a horizontal cut of a cone or the straight projection of a sphere.

Mathematical definition:

In the mathematical language we formulate our observations like this: A circle is a two-dimensional geometrical form, whose points all have a constant distance from a common center point.

Technical Application:

There are two very important technical aspects:

 * Circles provide the largest area in relation to their periphery
 * Forms with circular cross section (e.g. cylinders) provide the best possible stability against certain forces (pressure and torque)

Similar Forms:

 * Ellipse: A circle can also be regarded as a special form of ellipse with coincidental focal points.

 * Sphere: A sphere can be regarded as a three dimensional (rotating) circle.

 * Straight line: Contradictory as it may sound, a straight line can be regarded as a circle with infinite radius. Very strange property of this straight circle – it has an infinite number of central points in infinity.

Other Languages:

 * French:  le cercle
 * German:  der Kreis
 * Italian: il cerchio
 * Spanish: el círculo

Exercise:

Try to draw a couple of circles free-handed. Calligraphers have perfected this technique and draw extremely exact circles.

See also:

Circle on Wikipedia

title: Wikiversity:Stream/Circle


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Earls Court Kangaroos

The Earls Court Kangaroos were an Australian rules football team based in London, England.

History
The Earls Court Kangaroos were formed as a foundation club of the British Australian Rules Football League in 1990.Captained by ex St.Kilda player Chris Stone They changed their name to the Esher Kangaroos for the 1992 season, then to the Firkin Roos for the 1996–97 seasons, then folded after the 1997 season.

They appeared in the inaugural Grand Final in 1990 and were defeated by the Wandsworth Demons. They returned to the next Grand Final in 1991 and defeated the Wandsworth Demons by the biggest winning margin in the history of BARFL Grand Finals.

This was probably the highlight of the Roos existence, although former players attempted to get the club back on a sound footing, managed mainly under the guidance of Craig 'Howie' Howard. After the semi-final defeat in 1997, Howard decided he couldn't carry on with the clubs and decided to leave for Canada, where he helped coach an AFL club there.

title: Earls Court Kangaroos


text:
User:JoshMatG

Joshua Mathew George is a photographer who has won the young 10 and under pinklady food photography award he is very ambitious about hockey and formula 1. his favorite f1 team is Mclaren. he is and Indian citizen.

his instagram handle is joshuamathewg

title: User:JoshMatG


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Organic Chemistry/Alkanes/Cycloalkanes

<< Stereoisomers | Two hydrogens for every carbon >>

Cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons containing one or more rings. (Alkanes without rings are referred to as aliphatic.)

→ + H2

Under certain reaction conditions, propane can be transformed into cyclopropane. (H2 comes off as a sideproduct.)

Cyclopropane (unstable, lots of ring strain)

Cyclobutane (ring strain)

Cyclopentane (little ring strain)

Cyclohexane (Next to no ring strain)

Cyclodecane

Rings with thirteen or more carbons have virtually no ring strain.

Naming cycloalkanes
Cycloalkanes are named similarly to their straight-chain counterparts. Simply add the root "cyclo-" before the alkane part of the name.

Example: Propane >> Cyclopropane

When naming cycloalkanes, the cyclo prefix is used for alphabetization.

Substituents
If a cycloalkane has only one substituent, it is not necessary to assign that substituent a number. If there is more than one substituent, then it is necessary to number the carbons and specify which substituent is on which carbon.

Methylcyclopentane

1,1-dimethylcyclopentane

1,2-dimethylcyclopentane

1,3-dimethylcyclopentane

The organic compound

could be named and numbered

1-cyclopropyl-5-ethyl-2-methylcyclohexane

but instead should be named

2-cyclopropyl-4-ethyl-1-methylcyclohexane

because it produces a lower numbered name (1+5+2=8 vs. 2+4+1=7).

In the following examples, notice that the longer chain is the parent and the cycloalkane is the substituent.

2-Cyclopropylbutane

1,3-dicyclopropylpropane

Multicyclic alkanes
Multicyclic alkanes are hydrocarbons that have more than one bonded cyclic ring. These abound in biology as all kinds of hormones, steroids, cholesterol,carbohydrates, etc.

They are named as bicycloalkanes, tricycloalkanes, etc.

They are named slightly differently than singularly cyclic alkanes.

Bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane

Multicyclic alkanes are found frequently in living beings:

Part of Cholesterol

We will get to some of the most interesting multicyclic rings later on when we study benzene and aromaticity.

Stereochemistry
Because the C-C bonds in cycles cannot rotate through 360 degrees, substituted cycloalkanes and similar compounds can exhibit diastereomerism. This is comparable to alkenes which show cis/trans (or E/Z) isomerism. The isomers can be named using cis/trans notation, or more rigorously using R-S notation.

 On WP: Conformational isomerism Conformers, or conformational isomers, are different arrangements of the same molecule in space. Do not confuse them with any kind of true isomer as they are in every way the same molecule. The difference is in how the molecule is bent or twisted is space in any one instant of time.

Cyclohexane
 On WP: Cyclohexane The first molecule that is generally presented in a discussion of cycloalkane conformers is cyclohexane. It comes in several flavors; the main ones are the chair conformation and the boat conformation.

Note: In the above models, the straight lines represents single bonds, the lumps represent carbon atoms, and the open ends represent hydrogen atoms.

 On WP: Cyclohexane conformation Consider getting a good molecular model set if you do not yet have one. They are not as inexpensive as you would hope but they help most people immensely to understand the way molecules look in three dimensions. Follow this link to places you can buy a molecular model kit.

The chair conformation (can you see how it looks like a chair?) is lower in energy than the boat conformation. This is because the two ends of the molecule are farther apart and avoid steric hindrance.

Hydrogen atoms in a cyclohexane can be divided into two types:
 * 1) Axial, that point towards the top and bottom, and
 * 2) Equitorial, that point out away from the edge of the molecule

When hydrogens are replaced with other, bulkier groups, it becomes apparent that the axial positions are less energetically favored than the equatorial positions. That means that, if given a choice, bulkier groups will tend to bond to cyclohexane in equatorial positions, as this reduces their steric hinderance and potential energy.

Other cycloalkanes
Cyclopentane flips between slightly different conformers as well.

<< Foundational concepts | << Stereoisomers | Cycloalkanes | Two hydrogens for every carbon >> | Introduction to reactions >>

title: Organic Chemistry/Alkanes/Cycloalkanes


text:
Talk:David Bromige

Internal Links to Years
When I added the publishers to the list of Bromige's books, I deleted the internal links to the year of publication; such links add nothing to the understanding of Bromige or his poetry. Dwalls 19:16, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

Cleanup Tag
I think the work done since the cleanup tag was put up, especially the editing by Victoriagirl, justifies removing the tag, which I have done. Dwalls 01:04, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Bromige


text:
Talk:CACS/Index

I'm not sure if this is a good idea for building a Wikibook or not. For a while I'll be using it to sort of mirror a technique I used when building very large word documents. During construction we used the expanded index as a tool to aid internal consistancy for the document as a whole. But part of that utility came from the ability to pop open an insert box for a new entry while editing any page.

Wiki page editing has the advantage of being text only, but page separation makes maintaining this list cumbersome at best. If it proves too difficult, I'll find another solution. Of course, suggestions are welcome! ..LouI 06:00, 14 Aug 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:CACS/Index


text:
Talk:Bifilar sundial

Vertical declining bifilar dial
The next challenge is to write the section on vertical declining bifilar dials. We have a link to Collin's paper- all we need to do is to translate it- keeping the terminology and symbols consistent with the section on Michnik's horizontal dials, ans BSS glossary. Who wants the first go? -- Clem Rutter (talk) 18:26, 12 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bifilar sundial


text:
Epiphanies (Battlestar Galactica)

"Epiphanies" is the thirteenth episode of the second season of the reimagined Battlestar Galactica television series. It aired originally on the Sci Fi Channel on January 20, 2006.

In the episode, President Laura Roslin orders Sharon's pregnancy terminated. The order is suspended after Gaius Baltar discovers that the fetus's blood can cure Roslin's cancer, which it does. Baltar aligns himself with an underground group of Cylon sympathizers whose ranks include the troubled Number Six copy Gina.

Plot
Roslin lies near death in Galactica's sickbay. Doctor Cottle reports abnormalities in Sharon's unborn child's blood. Believing the child a threat to the fleet, Roslin orders her pregnancy terminated over Baltar's objections. Head Six, who regards Sharon's child as hers with Baltar, appears to Baltar and insists he intervene. Roslin's decision outrages Sharon and Helo, the child's father, who obstructs the entrance to sickbay. Baltar defuses the standoff by announcing that a transfusion of the fetus's abnormal blood may save Roslin's life. The procedure cures Roslin's cancer within days.

In a sequence of delirious flashbacks, Roslin recalls negotiating an end to a teachers' strike on Caprica as Secretary of Education. Her conciliatory approach angered then-President Richard Adar, with whom she was having an affair, but she refused to back down. She also recalls seeing Baltar with a Number Six shortly before the Cylon attack on the Twelve Colonies.

A civilian crew member sabotages some ammunition. An investigation reveals she is a member of Demand Peace, an underground group of Cylon sympathizers. Admiral William Adama feigns negotiation with Demand Peace only to arrest its representative, Royan Jahee, when he arrives on Galactica. Demand Peace bombs a fuel refinery ship. Roslin meets with Jahee, agrees to hear his group's case, and warns that further violence will lead to harsh measures.

Baltar meets secretly with Gina on Cloud Nine. Gina rejects his sexual advances but invites him to join Demand Peace; Baltar refuses. Head Six laments that saving Roslin's life prevented Baltar, who is vice president, from becoming president. Baltar concludes from a letter Roslin wrote to him in the event of her death that she will never trust him. Jahee returns to Cloud Nine and presents Gina with a gift from Baltar: a nuclear warhead Adama provided Baltar for research purposes in an earlier episode.

Analysis
In his podcast commentary on "Epiphanies", executive producer Ronald D. Moore discussed his views the episode's portrayal of several of the characters.
 * Before becoming President, Roslin would have been horrified by a presidential edict to terminate a pregnancy, but her circumstances have forced her to become gradually more comfortable making tough decisions.
 * Gina rejects Baltar sexually because of the abuse she endured while a prisoner on Pegasus; actress Tricia Helfer (Gina/Six) came up with this notion. Gina's unavailability frustrates Baltar, who was motivated to help Gina partially by his desire to sleep with her.
 * Helo coming to attention after Adama dismisses him is intended as a genuine gesture of respect.
 * Moore speculates that Baltar saves Roslin because he feels unready for the Presidency.

Jacob Clifton of Television Without Pity notes that "Epiphanies" considers a number of "endings" for Roslin: of her cancer, her affair with Adar, her job as Secretary of Education (from which Adar asks her to resign), and the Twelve Colonies. He muses that these are commingled because it can be difficult to separate the big "apocalypses" from the small ones. He compares Roslin's interaction with Jahee to her negotiation with the striking teachers: in both cases she has to protect a constituency (teachers or civilians) in the face of a zealous leader who will happily crush them for misbehavior (Adar or Adama).

Clifton argues that Roslin wants to abort Sharon's fetus not because of a security risk but because the doubts that Baltar could maintain the cover-up of Sharon's presence on Galactica if he became president. He further argues that Adama is ambivalent about carrying out Roslin's order but understands her motivation. Rose Wojnar of The San Diego Union-Tribune notes that the conflict over Roslin's order "mirrors the abortion debate in today's world".

Clifton compares the triad of Roslin, Sharon, and her unborn daughter with the Triple Goddess concept. In a review of a later episode, he says Demand Peace is "right about everything".

Production
Moore described "Epiphanies" as "our biggest Laura Roslin show to date." The writers decided to introduce a cure for Roslin's cancer so they could include her in the rest of the series without progressively worsening her conditions. They also found attractive the idea of complicating Roslin's role as the prophesied leader of humanity, who is supposed to be dying. They considered basing the treatment on embryonic stem cells harvested from the fetus to connect the episode to real-world debates over stem cells, but this was rejected as medically implausible and gimmicky.

Moore felt that the series had not paid enough attention to different points of view within the fleet. Demand Peace was developed to demonstrate dissenting opinions, which Moore regards as inevitable in any body politic. He also considered it "a healthy exercise" for him and the other Battlestar Galactica writers, whom he described as generally liberal, to write an episode whose antagonists belong to the political left. He notes that Adama's harsh treatment of Jahee runs counter to actor Edward James Olmos's politics, as well. However, Moore emphasized in his podcast commentary that the episode, like the rest of the series, is not intended to be polemical or allegorical to real-world events.

The writers considered waiting several episodes before re-introducing Head Six after her disappearance in "Resurrection Ship", but Moore felt that "Baltar was less interesting without Six." Instead they inserted dialogue to indicate that several weeks had passed without Six appearing to Baltar.

The succession letter is based on a real-world tradition in which each outgoing President of the United States leaves a letter for his successor in the Oval Office. The letter that appears in the episode is less complimentary than letters that appeared in early drafts.

Moore confessed it was unrealistic that Demand Peace would not recognize Gina as a Number Six copy despite her eyeglasses and different hairstyle.

Reception
"Epiphanies" received lukewarm critical review. Keith McDuffee of TV Squad called Demand Peace "interesting" but wrote, "After an amazing double-part season premiere ["Resurrection Ship"], the show tones down a little." Amanda Keith of the Los Angeles Newspaper Group called the episode's flaws "numerous". Clifton gave the episode a B−, praising the editing and several actors' performances but mocking the episode's technobabble and "mangled logic". Wojnar gave the episode an A−, citing relief over Roslin's cure but noting "some bad acting and some uneven editing." Simon Brew of Den of Geek praised Mary McDonnell (Roslin)'s performance.

Connection to other series elements

 * Gina detonates the warhead in the second-season finale, "Lay Down Your Burdens, Part 2", destroying Cloud Nine and inadvertently signaling the human fleet's position to the other Cylons.
 * Roslin's cancer is only in remission; by the third-season finale, "Crossroads, Part 2", it has returned.

title: Epiphanies (Battlestar Galactica)


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/ESFP

Famous ESFP

 * Justin Bieber (Canadian singer)
 * Katy Perry (American singer, songwriter, and television judge)
 * Paris Hilton (American media personality, socialite, businesswoman, model, singer, DJ, and actress)
 * Hugh Hefner (American magazine publisher)
 * Kim Kardashian (American media personality, socialite, model, and businesswoman)
 * Will Smith (American actor, comedian)
 * Dr. Mike (Youtube Celebrity, Physician)

Fictional ESFPs

 * Lysandra (Throne of Glass)
 * Fred and George Weasley (Harry Potter Series)
 * Ariel (The Little Mermaid)
 * Peter Pan (Peter Pan Movies)
 * Mushu (Mulan)
 * Dory (Finding Nemo)
 * Miley Stewart (Hannah Montana)
 * Homer Simpson (The Simpsons)
 * Peter Griffin (Family Guy)
 * Donkey (Shrek)
 * Penny (The Big Bang Theory)
 * Finnick Odair (The Hunger Games)
 * Olaf (Frozen)
 * Pikachu (Pokémon)
 * Prince Naveen (The Princess and the Frog)
 * Finn the Human (Adventure Time)
 * Dandy Mott (American Horror Story)
 * Thomas LeFroy (Becoming Jane)
 * GoGo Tomago (Big Hero 6)
 * Mr. Peanutbutter (Bojack Horseman)
 * Gina Linetti (Brooklyn 99)
 * Matt Murdock (Daredevil)
 * Jimmy Kent (Downton Abbey)
 * Rose MacClaire (Downton Abbey)

 * Yzma (Emperor's New Groove)
 * Stephanie Tanner (Full House)
 * Ginger Grant (Gilligan's Island)
 * Sookie St. James (Gilmore Girls)
 * Maya Hart (Girl Meets World)
 * Serena Vanderwoodsen (Gossip Girl)
 * Daisy Buchannan (The Great Gatsby)
 * Sid (Ice Age)
 * Disgust (Inside Out)
 * Legolas (The Lord of the Rings)
 * Phil Dunphy (Modern Family)
 * Summer Roberts (The O.C)
 * Michael Scott (The Office)
 * Anna (Once Upon A Time)
 * Ruby (Once Upon A Time)
 * August Booth (Once Upon A Time)
 * Cruella DeVil (101 Dalmations)
 * Percy Jackson (Percy Jackson)
 * Elizabeth Swann (Pirates of the Caribbean)
 * Hanna Marin (Pretty Little Liars)
 * Lydia Bennet (Pride and Prejudice)
 * Moses (Prince of Egypt)
 * Tzippora (Prince of Egypt)
 * Bridget Vreeland (Sisterhood of the Travelling Pants)
 * Jack Dawson (Titanic)
 * Titus Andromedon (The Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt)
 * Louis Zamperini (Unbreakable)
 * Lexi Branson (Vampire Diaries)
 * Nora Hildegard (Vampire Diaries)
 * Vicki Donovan (Vampire Diaries)
 * Elizabeth Woodville (White Queen)
 * Xena (Xena Warrior Princess)
 * America Chavez (Young Avengers)
 * Joey Tribbiani (Friends)
 * Rachel Green (Friends)
 * Kronk (The Emperor's New Groove)
 * Ms. Frizzle (The Magic School Bus)
 * Andy Dwyer (Parks and Recreation)
 * Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)
 * Eijiro Kirishima (My Hero Academia)
 * Misa Amane (Death Note)
 * Madison Montgomery (American Horror Story)
 * Star Butterfly (Star vs the Forces of Evil)

ESFPs at work and school
ESFPs see work as play. They like to whistle, drum, sing, talk or joke while they are doing work to keep what they are learning fun for them. This could cause teachers, mostly SJs, to feel that they are not paying attention. It could also be disturbing to people who like quiet when they think. ESFPs learn best when they are having fun. They also look at the person who is speaking to them as they can feel sound vibrations strongly. As they work they celebrate small accomplishments in what they are doing before moving on to the next, happy for what they have done, rather then being sad at what they still have to do. When they work with more logical things such as mathematics, they want to know how it relates to life right now. Preferring a hands-on approach, subjects like those can bore them. Their favorite subjects are ones that they have an interest in and ones that they can do things with and apply to the world around them. Music, drama, dance, competitive sports and computers are among many they like. They may also go into those areas when choosing their careers. Careers that may appeal to ESFPs are: actor, musician, stand up comedian, dancer, dance instructor, their favorite position in their sport of choice, gardener, painter, sculptor and chef. Sometimes though, it's hard for them to decide.

ESFPs in relationships
ESFPs are warm, loving, generous and sympathetic. They especially like physical affection such as hugs, kisses, petting on the head, massages, snuggles, tickles, and just being held. They show their love through those ways as well as surprising friends and loved ones with gifts. They want fun, variety, spontaneity, travel and adventure in their relationships and are usually not keen on settling down. This could be because of fear of rejection, commitment or because they found someone else. They like to keep things light and happy and not get into anything deep and lasting unless they are sure and have thought it out, which could take a while. This could cause their mates to express impatience which would make the ESFPs nervous and withdraw from them. ESFPs do not do well with anxiety, and are highly sensitive. When they can't make people smile with their charming ways and their playfulness, they feel bad as though it was their fault and leave. When they are in their best mood, they are seen as bouncy, hyperactive and childlike. They go from one activity to another so they won't be bored. When feeling their worst, they are moody, likely to beat themselves up (physically and/or mentally), call themselves unintelligent, think nobody takes them seriously and feel better after a good cry.

How to deal with an ESFP
Explain things clearly, Appeal to their common sense, Do something they enjoy with them, Discuss things over a break in the action and then get right back into the fun, give them lots of tlc.

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/ESFP


text:
Fahy

Fahy is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

History
It was mentioned in 1177 as Fahyl when it was one of the possessions of the priory of Lanthenans. In 1477, the bishop of Basel affirmed the rights of the village. In 1483 it was mentioned as Fahyt.

The village was under the jurisdiction of the bishop of Basel until the end of the 'Ancien Régime'. The village has remained essentially agricultural until 1950. It has undergone modest industrialisation, with the introduction of a Peugeot parts plant. The local church the Church of Saint-Pierre was constructed in 1787-1788 based on the plans of the architect Pierre Francois Paris.

Geography
Fahy has an area of. Of this area, 4.12 km2 or 53.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 1.99 km2 or 25.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.67 km2 or 8.6% is settled (buildings or roads) and 1 km2 or 12.9% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.3%. Out of the forested land, 23.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 37.5% is used for growing crops and 13.6% is pastures, while 1.8% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the unproductive areas, 10.3% is unproductive vegetation and 2.6% is too rocky for vegetation.

The municipality is located in the Porrentruy district, on border with France, near Montbéliard.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent, a Beech Tree Vert trunked and eradicated proper issuant from a Mount of the second.

Demographics
Fahy has a population of. , 5.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of -12.4%. Migration accounted for -6.6%, while births and deaths accounted for -1%.

Most of the population speaks French (369 or 95.6%) as their first language, German is the second most common (7 or 1.8%) and Italian is the third (6 or 1.6%).

, the population was 49.3% male and 50.7% female. The population was made up of 165 Swiss men (46.0% of the population) and 12 (3.3%) non-Swiss men. There were 176 Swiss women (49.0%) and 6 (1.7%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 186 or about 48.2% were born in Fahy and lived there in 2000. There were 110 or 28.5% who were born in the same canton, while 23 or 6.0% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 55 or 14.2% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 26.4% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 56.7% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16.8%.

, there were 152 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 198 married individuals, 20 widows or widowers and 16 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 149 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household. There were 30 households that consist of only one person and 14 households with five or more people. , a total of 139 apartments (78.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 26 apartments (14.7%) were seasonally occupied and 12 apartments (6.8%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 1.11%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance
The farm house at Bout-Dessous 18 and the house at Bout-Dessous 19 are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire village of Fahy is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 33.67% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SPS (30.65%), the SVP (16.08%) and the FDP (14.07%). In the federal election, a total of 100 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 35.0%.

Economy
, Fahy had an unemployment rate of 4.9%. , there were 39 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 17 businesses involved in this sector. 64 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 13 businesses in this sector. 89 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 14 businesses in this sector. There were 192 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.2% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 161. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 26, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 61 of which 56 or (91.8%) were in manufacturing and 5 (8.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 74. In the tertiary sector; 22 or 29.7% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 14 or 18.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 2 or 2.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 5 or 6.8% were the insurance or financial industry, 25 or 33.8% were technical professionals or scientists, 3 or 4.1% were in education.

, there were 176 workers who commuted into the municipality and 88 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 2.0 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 35.2% of the workforce coming into Fahy are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 5.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 54.7% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 313 or 81.1% were Roman Catholic, while 40 or 10.4% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 14 individuals (or about 3.63% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 2 (or about 0.52% of the population) who were Islamic. 15 (or about 3.89% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 9 individuals (or about 2.33% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Fahy about 107 or (27.7%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 33 or (8.5%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 33 who completed tertiary schooling, 63.6% were Swiss men, 27.3% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Jura school system provides two-year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four-year optional upper Secondary school followed by some form of Tertiary school or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2009–10 school year, there were no students attending school in Fahy.

, there were 14 students in Fahy who came from another municipality, while 48 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Fahy


text:
Cookbook talk:Pork

This module includes text adapted from the public domain US Department of Agriculture article ''[http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OA/pubs/pork.htm SAFETY of FRESH PORK. . . from Farm to Table]''.

This module, or a version in the page history, was copied from the Wikipedia article Pork, and is used under the GFDL. The page history at the time the text was coppied is included below:

 * (cur) (last) . . 14:35, 26 Feb 2004 . . Sfdan (Minor editting)
 * (cur) (last) . . 02:12, 6 Feb 2004 . . <IP_ADDRESS>
 * (cur) (last) . . M 03:59, 4 Feb 2004 . . Pollinator
 * (cur) (last) . . 03:58, 4 Feb 2004 . . Pollinator (copyedit - is this what is meant by "nude"?)
 * (cur) (last) . . 02:50, 4 Feb 2004 . . Meelar (alternate meaning)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 06:06, 29 Jan 2004 . . Meelar (copyedits)
 * (cur) (last) . . 01:39, 19 Jan 2004 . . Error (The taboo. Varieties)
 * (cur) (last) . . 04:30, 12 Jan 2004 . . GRAHAMUK (rm ad-hoc pronunciation, + alternative sp.)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 03:19, 18 Nov 2003 . . Skybunny (Disambiguate 'ham' with Ham (meat))
 * (cur) (last) . . M 13:56, 6 Nov 2003 . . Crusadeonilliteracy
 * (cur) (last) . . 13:51, 6 Nov 2003 . . <IP_ADDRESS> (+ja)
 * (cur) (last) . . 00:31, 28 Oct 2003 . . Hamton (Hog's jowls!)
 * (cur) (last) . . 10:39, 22 Mar 2003 . . Taw (pl:)
 * (cur) (last) . . 07:42, 4 Nov 2002 . . Kowloonese
 * (cur) (last) . . 12:05, 11 Sep 2002 . . <IP_ADDRESS> (+o)
 * (cur) (last) . . 12:05, 11 Sep 2002 . . <IP_ADDRESS> (These traditinal dietary restrictions may have been created to prevent trichinosis, which can be caught from undercooked pork. )
 * (cur) (last) . . 11:58, 11 Sep 2002 . . <IP_ADDRESS> (trichinosis)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 16:28, 22 Aug 2002 . . Jaknouse (correct link)
 * (cur) (last) . . 16:26, 22 Aug 2002 . . Jaknouse
 * (cur) (last) . . 16:24, 22 Aug 2002 . . Jaknouse (expand a little)
 * (cur) (last) . . 16:22, 15 Jun 2002 . . <IP_ADDRESS> (*haunch, not curing)
 * (cur) (last) . . 15:58, 15 Jun 2002 . . <IP_ADDRESS> (*link ham. cured pork, I think.)
 * (cur) (last) . . M 09:32, 15 Jun 2002 . . <IP_ADDRESS>

title: Cookbook talk:Pork


text:
Isuru Dodangoda

Isuru Udyoga Dodangoda is a Sri Lankan politician, former provincial councillor and Member of Parliament.

Dodangoda is the son of Amarasiri Dodangoda, former government minister and Chief Minister of the Southern Province. He was educated at Ananda College. He has an IT degree from the University of Greenwich and MBA degree from Cardiff Metropolitan University.

Dodangoda was a member of the Southern Provincial Council. He contested the 2020 parliamentary election as a Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance electoral alliance candidate in Galle District and was elected to the Parliament of Sri Lanka.

title: Isuru Dodangoda


text:
autotelic

Etymology
From ; compare  and. From early 20th century.

Adjective

 * 1)  Containing its own meaning or purpose; deriving meaning and purpose from within.
 * 2) * 1988, Antonella Della Fave, Fausto Massimini, 12: Modernization and the changing contexts in work and leisure,, Isabella Selega Csikszentmihalyi (editors), Optimal Experience: Psychological Studies of Flow in Consciousness, , 1992, Paperback, page 208,
 * It is possible that these three people have jobs that are more autotelic than those of the rest of this group; that they have more responsibility, more initiative and challenge at their workplace than is usual for employees of their type.
 * 1) Of or pertaining to the quality of (a thing's) being autotelic.
 * 2) * 1988, Kevin Rathunde, Optimal experience and the family context, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Isabella Selega Csikszentmihalyi (editors), Optimal Experience: Psychological Studies of Flow in Consciousness, 1992, Paperback,, page 251,
 * The autotelic score was negatively correlated with the anxiety/ambiguity score r = −.57 and negatively correlated with the boredom/rigidity score r = −.36.
 * 1)  Not motivated by anything beyond itself; thematically self-contained.
 * The autotelic score was negatively correlated with the anxiety/ambiguity score r = −.57 and negatively correlated with the boredom/rigidity score r = −.36.
 * 1)  Not motivated by anything beyond itself; thematically self-contained.

Translations

 * Esperanto: aŭtotela
 * French:
 * Italian:, , ,
 * Polish:
 * Spanish: autotélico

 * French:
 * Italian:, , ,
 * Polish:

 * French:
 * Italian:, , ,

 * Czech:

Noun

 * 1) An autotelic person, a person with an autotelic personality.

Translations

 * French: personne autotélique

Etymology
.

title: autotelic


text:
Flyby of Io with Repeat Encounters

FIRE (Flyby of Io with Repeat Encounters) is a concept mission to Jupiter's innermost major moon Io. The mission was first presented in 2012 for a possible future consideration by NASA's New Frontiers program.

Overview
If developed in the future, the FIRE spacecraft would use three gravity assists to reach Jupiter six years later. The spacecraft would orbit Jupiter and perform 10 flybys of Io, some as low as 100 km from its surface. The ten flybys would be completed in approximately four months.

As a New Frontiers class mission, the cost cap would be $991 million (FY2012) with a $927 million base cap with a $64 million launch vehicle cost credit.

Payload
The instrument suite includes four proposed instruments:
 * 1) Visible OpticaL Camera And Near-infrared Observer (VOLCANO) is a visible/near-infrared imager.
 * 2) Multi-Axis Geophysical Magnetometer (MAGMA) is a magnetic instrumentation subpackage.
 * 3) Comprehensive AnaLysis of Dust from ERuptions and Atmosphere (CALDERA), is a dust analyzer that would identify the material in the volcanic plumes.
 * 4) FieLd Analysis through Radio Exploration (FLARE) is a radio science experiment.

Power
Electric power to the spacecraft and its scientific payload would be generated by three Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generators (ASRG). ASRG is a radioisotope power system under development at NASA's Glenn Research Center. It uses a Stirling power conversion technology to convert radioactive-decay heat into electricity for use on spacecraft.

title: Flyby of Io with Repeat Encounters


text:
Uganda at the Deaflympics

Uganda competed at one edition of the Deaflympics: the 1997 Summer Deaflympics held in Copenhagen, Denmark. The country sent a delegation of twelve athletes (eleven men and one woman) and did not win any medals.

The country has not yet competed at the Winter Deaflympics.

title: Uganda at the Deaflympics


text:
Yagya Dutt Sharma

Yagya Dutt Sharma, alt. written Yagya Dutta Sharma, Yagyadutta Sharma, Yagyadutt sharma, Yagya Datta Sharma, Yagyadatta sharma, Yagya Datt Sharma, Yagyadatt Sharma, etc, may refer to;
 * Yagyadutt Sharma (novelist)
 * Yagya Datt Sharma (Madhya Pradesh politician)
 * Yagya Dutt Sharma (Punjab politician)
 * Yagya Datt Sharma (Uttar Pradesh politician)
 * Y. D. Sharma (professor)
 * Yagya Dutt Sharma (trade unionist)

title: Yagya Dutt Sharma


text:
Naimabad, Nishapur

Naimabad (, also Romanized as Na‘īmābād; also known as Qal‘eh Now-e Na‘īmābād) is a village in Fazl Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 385, in 100 families.

title: Naimabad, Nishapur


text:
Talk:Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Maintenance Schedules

Revision history

Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit

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User:Lain.tomlinson/sandbox

Kenny Beard
Kenny Beard is a country music songwriter. Being in the music industry for over twenty-five years, he has written and co-written songs for artists such as Trace Adkins, Jeff Bates, Tracy Lawrence, and Aaron Tippin. Along with songwriting, Kenny has also produced several albums for artists as well and has managed a few unsigned country acts.

title: User:Lain.tomlinson/sandbox


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User:PhilosophicalDrought/Books/My mind

 * Permaculture
 * Theory of relativity
 * Frame-dragging
 * Time dilation
 * Descriptive ethics
 * Value theory
 * Philosophy
 * Philosophy of law
 * Metaphysics
 * Pragmatism
 * Transcendentals
 * Idealism
 * Anti-intellectualism
 * Syndicalism
 * Capitalism
 * Albert Einstein
 * Emma Goldman
 * Situationist International
 * Prison
 * Private prison
 * Unschooling
 * Philosophy of mathematics
 * Philosophy of color
 * Sentinelese people
 * Jarawa (Andaman Islands)
 * Ishi
 * Gender schema theory
 * Institutional racism
 * Bhedabheda
 * Antipositivism
 * Absurdism
 * Solipsism
 * Determinism
 * Fallibilism
 * Fideism
 * Irrationality
 * Cynicism (philosophy)
 * Crates of Thebes
 * Hipparchia of Maroneia
 * Zeno's paradoxes
 * Maslow's hierarchy of needs
 * D. T. Suzuki
 * Zen
 * Meher Baba
 * Classical conditioning
 * Behaviorism
 * Metacognition
 * Game theory
 * Moral sense theory
 * Zero Defects
 * Thales
 * Zoya Smirnow
 * List of wartime cross-dressers
 * Native Americans in the United States
 * Decomposition
 * Body snatching
 * Native Hawaiians
 * Men's rights movement
 * Anti-art

title: User:PhilosophicalDrought/Books/My mind


text:
ruutu

Noun

 * 1)  diamond, diamonds

Etymology 1
Borrowed from, from , from (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬), possibly from.

Noun

 * 1) square, rectangle, rhombus any convex shape with four equally long sides the opposite sides of which are parallel; not a mathematical term
 * 2) box a small square on a form that may e.g. be checked
 * 3) hash, square, pound sign #-symbol
 * 4) screen informational viewing area of electronic output devices
 * 5) pane individual sheet of glass in a window
 * 6) check a square or rectangular in a checkered pattern
 * 7) hopscotch, hoppers child's game
 * 8) frame of video; division of time on a multimedia timeline
 * 9)  fusil, lozenge
 * 10)  pane
 * 1)  fusil, lozenge
 * 2)  pane
 * 1)  pane

Etymology 2

Borrowed from, from , from the same German source as etymology 1, a semantic loan from (diamonds are an original French suit).

Noun

 * 1)  diamond, diamonds

title: ruutu


text:
User:Read-write-services

Wikiversity Domain
Hello My name is Richard.

I am a Writer with skills and knowledge and an interest in Human Biology. I hold qualifications in Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Nuclear Medicine as an Engineer. My day job is as an Instructor. I teach Electronics, Radio Communications and Navigational Aids to technicians and engineers.

Work I am currently undertaking:

various work involving Human Biology, specifically

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cell_biology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging

and

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marburg_virus

--Read-write-services 23:38, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Read-write-services


text:
Athlete Refugee Team at the 2019 World Athletics Championships

The Athlete Refugee Team (ART) competed at the 2019 World Championships in Athletics in Doha, Qatar, from 27 September to 6 October 2019. It was represented by 6 athletes.

Men

 * Track and road events

Women

 * Track and road events


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Elsie de Wolfe

Elsie de Wolfe, Lady Mendl ( Ella Anderson de Wolfe; December 20, c. 1859 – July 12, 1950 ) was an American actress who became a very prominent interior designer and author. Born in New York City, de Wolfe was acutely sensitive to her surroundings from her earliest years and became one of the first female interior decorators, replacing dark and ornate Victorian decor with lighter, simpler styles and uncluttered room layouts.

Her 1926 marriage to English diplomat Sir Charles Mendl was seen as a marriage of convenience, although she was proud to be called Lady Mendl. Since 1892, de Wolfe had been living openly in a lesbian relationship with Elisabeth Marbury, with whom she lived in New York and Paris. Lady Mendl was a prominent social figure, and she entertained in the most distinguished circles.

Career

According to The New Yorker, "Interior design as a profession was invented by Elsie de Wolfe". She was certainly the most famous name in the field until the 1930s, but the profession of interior decorator/designer was recognized as a promising one as early as 1900, five years before she received her first official commission, the Colony Club in New York. During her married life (from 1926 until her death in 1950), the press often referred to her as Lady Mendl.

Among de Wolfe's distinguished clients were Anne Harriman Vanderbilt, Anne Morgan, the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, and Henry Clay and Adelaide Frick. She transformed the interiors of wealthy clients' homes from dark wood, heavily curtained palaces into light, intimate spaces featuring fresh colors and a reliance on 18th-century French furniture and accessories. She was nominal author of the influential 1913 book The House in Good Taste, In her autobiography, de Wolfe – born Ella Anderson de Wolfe and the only daughter of a Canadian-born doctor – called herself a "rebel in an ugly world." Her sensitivity to style and color was acute from childhood. Arriving home from school one day, she found her parents had redecorated the drawing room:

 * "She ran [in] ... and looked at the walls, which had been papered in a [William] Morris design of gray palm-leaves and splotches of bright red and green on a background of dull tan. Something terrible that cut like a knife came up inside her. She threw herself on the floor, kicking with stiffened legs, as she beat her hands on the carpet.... She cried out, over and over: ‘It's so ugly! It's so ugly.’"

Hutton Wilkinson, president of the Elsie de Wolfe Foundation, clarified that many things de Wolfe hated, such as "pickle and plum Morris furniture," are prized today by museums and designers. "De Wolfe simply didn't like Victorian, the high style of her sad childhood," Wilkinson wrote, "and chose to banish it from her design vocabulary."

De Wolfe's first career choice was that of actress. She originally appeared with the Amateur Comedy Club in New York City as Lady Clara Seymour in A Cup of Tea (April 1886) and as Maude Ashley in Sunshine (December 1886), a one-act comedy by Fred W. Broughton. Her success led to a full-time theatrical career, making her professional debut in Sardou's Thermidor in 1891, in which she played the role of Fabienne with Forbes-Robertson.

In 1894, she joined the Empire Stock Company under Charles Frohman. In 1901 she brought out The Way of the World under her own management at the Victoria Theatre, and later toured the United States in the role. On stage, she was neither a total failure nor a great success; one critic called her "the leading exponent of the peculiar art of wearing good clothes well." She became interested in interior decorating as a result of staging plays, and in 1903 she left the theater to launch a career as a decorator.

Many elements aided her in becoming such an influential figure in the emerging field — her social connections, her reputation as an actress and her success in decorating the interior of the Irving House, the residence she shared with her close friend and lover, Elisabeth "Bessie" Marbury.

Preferring a brighter scheme of decorating than was fashionable in Victorian times, she helped convert interiors featuring dark, heavy draperies and overly ornate furnishings into light, soft, more feminine rooms. She made a feature of mirrors, which both illuminated and expanded living spaces, brought back into fashion furniture painted in white or pale colors, and indulged her taste for chinoiserie, chintz, green and white stripes, wicker, trompe-l'œil effects in wallpaper, and trelliswork motifs, suggesting the allure of the garden. As de Wolfe claimed: "I opened the doors and windows of America, and let the air and sunshine in." Her inspiration came from 18th-century French and English art, literature, theater, and fashion.

In 1905, Stanford White, the architect for the Colony Club and a longtime friend, helped de Wolfe secure the commission for its interior design. The building, located at 120 Madison Avenue (near 30th Street), would become the premier women's social club on its opening two years later, much of its appeal owing to the interiors de Wolfe arranged. Instead of the heavy, masculine overtones then pervasive in fashionable interiors, de Wolfe used light fabric for window coverings, painted walls pale colors, tiled the floors, and added wicker chairs and settees. The effect centered on the illusion of an outdoor garden pavilion. (The building is now occupied by the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.) The success of the Colony Club proved a turning point in her own life and career, launching her fame as the most sought-after interior decorator of the day.

Over the course of the next six years, de Wolfe designed interiors for many prestigious private homes, clubs, and businesses on both the East and West coasts. By 1913, her reputation had grown so that her studio took up an entire floor of offices on 5th Avenue. That year she received her greatest commission – from coal magnate Henry Clay Frick, one of the richest men in America at the time.

Marriage and family
De Wolfe's 1926 marriage to diplomat Sir Charles Mendl, the British press attache in Paris, was page-one news in the New York Times. The marriage was platonic and one of convenience. The pair appeared to have married primarily for social amenities, entertaining together but keeping separate residences. In 1935, when de Wolfe published her autobiography, she didn't mention her husband in it. Although his career had been of no great distinction, Mendl's knighthood was allegedly bestowed due to his retrieval of letters from a gigolo who had been blackmailing Prince George, Duke of Kent.

The Times reported "the intended marriage comes as a great surprise to her friends" a veiled reference to the fact that since 1892, de Wolfe had been living with Bessie Marbury. First, the two lived at 49 Irving Place, and then, 13 Sutton Place. As the paper put it: "When in New York she makes her home with Miss Elisabeth [sic] Marbury at 13 Sutton Place."

The daughter of a prosperous New York lawyer, Elisabeth ("Bessie") Marbury, like de Wolfe, was also a pioneer career woman. She was one of the first female theater agents and one of the first woman Broadway producers. Her clients included Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw. During their nearly 40 years together, Marbury was initially the main support of the couple. In a 2003 book, David Von Drehle wrote of "the willowy De Wolfe and the masculine Marbury ... cutting a wide path through Manhattan society. Gossips called them "the Bachelors."   Expecting nothing to change in their relationship due to her marriage to Mendl, de Wolfe remained Marbury's lover until the latter's death in 1933.

Personal celebrity
In 1924 de Wolfe took up an invention of her hairstylist, Monsieur Antoine (Antoni Cierplikowski), and dyed her hair blue, thus starting a new high society fad.

In 1926 The New York Times described de Wolfe as "one of the most widely known women in New York social life," and in 1935 as "prominent in Paris society."

In 1935, Paris experts named her the best-dressed woman in the world, noting that she wore what suited her best, regardless of fashion.

De Wolfe had embroidered taffeta pillows bearing the motto "Never complain, never explain." On first seeing the Parthenon, De Wolfe exclaimed "It's beige — my color!"

At her house in France, the Villa Trianon, she had a dog cemetery in which each tombstone read, "The one I loved the best."

Diet
In the early 1900s, de Wolfe promoted a semi-vegetarian diet that consisted of fresh fish, oysters, shellfish and vegetables. She described herself as an "antisarcophagist", neither a red meat eater nor wholly vegetarian. De Wolfe advocated gardening and consuming homegrown vegetables and organic food.

In her later years, de Wolfe embraced a vegetarian diet and was supervised by nutritionist Gayelord Hauser. In 1974, Hauser commented that the "fabulous Lady Mendl Elsie de Wolfe Mendl was a good friend and faithful student of nutrition, of whom I am very proud."

Exercise
Her morning exercises were famous. In her memoir, de Wolfe wrote that her daily regimen at age 70 included yoga, standing on her head, and walking on her hands. "I have a regular exercise routine founded on the Yogi method," Elsie said, "introduced to me by Anne Vanderbilt and her daughter, Princess Murat. I stand on my head [and] I can turn cart wheels. Or I walk upside-down on my hands." This facet of her life was immortalized in the title song of Cole Porter's 1934 musical, Anything Goes: "When you hear that Lady Mendl standing up/Now does a handspring landing up/on her toes/anything goes."

De Wolfe died in Versailles, France. Cremated, her ashes were placed in a common grave at Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.

In popular culture

 * In Irving Berlin's "Harlem on My Mind", the singer Ethel Waters professes to prefer the "low-down" Harlem ambience to her "high-falutin' flat that Lady Mendl designed."
 * One of the color schemes she popularized was the inspiration for the Cole Porter song "That Black and White Baby of Mine" (whose lyrics include the lines "All she thinks black and white/She even drinks Black & White").
 * In Cole Porter's "Anything Goes," a song about modern scandals, he observes "When you hear that Lady Mendl, standing up/Now turns a handspring landing up-/On her toes/Anything goes!"
 * Cole Porter also refers to her in the song Farming from the musical Let's Face It!. The lyric describes the celebrities who have gone back to nature: "Kit Cornell is shelling peas, Lady Mendl's climbing trees, Farming is so charming they all say!"
 * Elsie de Wolfe is referred to as "Maid Mendl" in Osbert Sitwell's satirical and poem "Rat Week": "That gay, courageous pirate crew, With sweet Maid Mendl at the Prow, Who upon royal wings oft flew, To paint the Palace white – (and how!).

Tributes
In 2015, she was named by Equality Forum as one of its 31 Icons of the 2015 LGBT History Month.

Books

 * (Reprint)
 * (Reprint)

title: Elsie de Wolfe


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Marusk

Marusk is a village in, and the former capital of, Binalud Rural District of the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. The capital of the rural district has been transferred to Kalateh-ye Mohammad Jan.

Population
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 394 in 103 households, when it was in the former Takht-e Jolgeh District. The following census in 2011 counted 316 people in 103 households, by which time the rural district had been transferred to the Central District. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 342 people in 112 households.

title: Marusk


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Category:First Spanish Republic

Articles relating to the First Spanish Republic (1873-1874). The Republic's founding ensued after the abdication of King Amadeo on 10 February 1873. On the next day a republic was proclaimed by a parliamentary majority made up of radicals, republicans and democrats. The period was beset by tensions between federal republicans and unitarian republicans. The period also saw the end of compulsory conscription, the regulation of child labor and the abolition of slavery in Puerto Rico. The government inherited a state of war, the so-called Third Carlist War, ongoing since 1872, and the Ten Years' War, ongoing since 1868, to which the Cantonal rebellion added up in 1873.

title: Category:First Spanish Republic


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Ken Armstrong (Australian footballer)

Kenneth William Armstrong (27 January 1936 – 5 November 2009) was an Australian rules football player, coach and commentator.

Playing career
Armstrong made his Western Australian National Football League (WANFL) league debut for Perth Football Club in 1955. The same year he played in a premiership-winning team. He played until 1963 when he was transferred for work to Mount Barker.

Coaching career
In three stints in the WANFL (later WAFL) Armstrong coached 265 league games. After coaching Mount Barker with some success in the late 1960s, he returned to Perth where he was a fitness trainer for the WANFL umpires in 1969 and 1970. Rejoining Perth Football Club the following year, he led the Perth reserves team to three successive grand finals, winning premierships in 1971 and 1973.

After being appointed league coach in 1974 he made an immediate impact, making the grand final in 1974. This was followed up by winning the 1976 and 1977 WANFL grand finals. After losing the 1978 grand final, and seeing Perth fall to the lower reaches of the WANFL ladder where they have remained to this day, Armstrong briefly became director of football at Perth, but one game into the 1980 season when Peter Burton resigned left to join WAFL chopping block Subiaco.

Armstrong coached three season with the Lions, but won only twelve of sixty-two games: indeed in his last season amidst popular cries of "pity poor Subi", the Lions were on target for a winless season before beating East Fremantle in their seventeenth match. Armstrong, who had never been reported either as a player or coach, was also reported in his third last match for misconduct towards field umpire John Morris after he criticised a decision, but was exonerated. After this disastrous season which had seen calls for a mid-season sacking, Armstrong was not offered another contract by the Lions and left to work as a commentator for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC).

Almost a decade after leaving coaching, Armstrong returned to Perth to coach during the 1991 season. He retired from coaching after the 1993 season.

Personal life
Armstrong died in November 2009, aged 73, after a short illness. His son, Gary Armstrong, also played and coached in the WAFL, while a grandson, Steven Armstrong, spent seven seasons in the Australian Football League (AFL).

title: Ken Armstrong (Australian footballer)


text:
Talk:Arthur C. Keller

Close paraphrasing
This article includes close paraphrasing of at least one of its sources. While facts are not copyrightable, creative elements of presentation – including both structure and language – are. For an example of close paraphrasing, consider the following:

I have added bolding to both sides to help demonstrate the issue.

There are other passages that similarly follow quite closely.

As a website that is widely read and reused, Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously to protect the interests of the holders of copyright as well as those of the Wikimedia Foundation and our reusers. Wikipedia's copyright policies require that the content we take from non-free sources, aside from brief and clearly marked quotations, be rewritten from scratch.

If the material can be verified to be compatibly licensed or public domain or if permission is provided, we can use the original text with proper attribution. Otherwise, so that we can be sure it does not constitute a derivative work, this article should be rewritten or closely paraphrased content removed. The essay Close paraphrasing contains some suggestions for rewriting that may help avoid these issues. The article Wikipedia Signpost/2009-04-13/Dispatches, while about plagiarism rather than copyright concerns, also contains some suggestions for reusing material from sources that may be helpful, beginning under "Avoiding plagiarism".

Please let me know at my talk page if you have questions about this. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 12:43, 31 July 2014 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
This article has been revised as part of a large-scale clean-up project of multiple article copyright infringement. (See the investigation subpage.) Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/27/obituaries/ac-keller-dead-expert-on-stereo.html. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.)

For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, and, if allowed under fair use, may copy sentences and phrases, provided they are included in quotation marks and referenced properly. The material may also be rewritten, providing it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Therefore, such paraphrased portions must provide their source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 14:16, 24 January 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arthur C. Keller


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General Chemistry/Stoichiometry

The word stoichiometry derives from two Greek words: stoicheion (meaning "element") and metron (meaning "measure"). Stoichiometry deals with calculations about the masses (sometimes volumes) of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction. It is a very mathematical part of chemistry, so be prepared for lots of calculator use.

Jeremias Benjaim Richter (1762-1807) was the first to lay down the principles of stoichiometry. In 1792 he wrote: "Die stöchyometrie (Stöchyometria) ist die Wissenschaft die quantitativen oder Massenverhältnisse zu messen, in welchen die chymischen Elemente gegen einander stehen." [Stoichiometry is the science of measuring the quantitative proportions or mass ratios in which chemical elements stand to one another.]

Your Tool: Dimensional Analysis
Luckily, almost all of stoichiometry can be solved relatively easily using dimensional analysis. Dimensional analysis is just using units, instead of numbers or variables, to do math, usually to see how they cancel out. For instance, it is easy to see that:

$grams \times \dfrac{moles}{grams} \times \dfrac{atoms}{moles} = atoms$

It is this principle that will guide you through solving most of the stoichiometry problems (chemical reaction problems) you will see in General Chemistry. Before you attempt to solve a problem, ask yourself: what do I have now? where am I going? As long as you know how many (units) per (other units), this will make stoichiometry significantly easier.

Moles to Mass
''How heavy is 1.5 mol of lead? How many moles in 22.34g of water?'' Calculating the mass of a sample from the number of moles it contains is quite simple. We use the molar mass (mass of one mole) of the substance to convert between mass and moles. When writing calculations, we denote the molar mass of a substance by an upper case "M" (e.g. M(Ne) means "the molar mass of neon"). As always, "n" stands for the number of moles and "m" indicates the mass of a substance. To find the solutions to the two questions we just asked, let's apply some dimensional analysis:

$1.5 \; mol \; Pb \; \times \dfrac{207.2 \; g \; Pb}{1 \; mol \; Pb} = 310.8 \; g \; Pb$

Can you see how the units cancel to give you the answer you want? All you needed to know was that you had 1.5 mol Pb (lead), and that 1 mol Pb weighs 207.2 grams. Thus, multiplying 1.5 mol Pb by 207.2 g Pb and dividing by 1 mol Pb gives you 310.8 g Pb, your answer.

Mass to Moles
But we had one more question: "How many moles in 22.34g of water?" This is just as easy:

$22.34 \; g \; H_2 O \; \times \dfrac{1 \; mol \; H_2 O}{18 \; g \; H_2 O} = 1.24 \; mol \; H_2 O$

Where did the 18 g H2O come from? We looked at the periodic table and simply added up the atomic masses of two hydrogens and an oxygen to get the molecular weight of water. This turned out to be 18, and since all the masses on the periodic table are given with respect to 1 mole, we knew that 1 mol of water weighed 18 grams. This gave us the relationship above, which is really just (again) watching units cancel out!

Calculating Molar Masses
Before we can do these types of calculations, we first have to know the molar mass. Fortunately, this is not difficult, as the molar mass is exactly the same as the atomic weight of an element. A table of atomic weights can be used to find the molar mass of elements (this information is often included in the periodic table). For example, the atomic weight of oxygen is 16.00 amu, so its molar mass is 16.00 g/mol.

For species with more than one element, we simply add up the atomic weights of each element to obtain the molar mass of the compound. For example, sulfur trioxide gas is made up of sulfur and oxygen, whose atomic weights are 32.06 and 16.00 respectively.

$\begin{matrix} \hbox{M(SO}_3\hbox{)} &=& 32.06 + 3 \times 16.00 \\ \ &=& 80.06 \hbox{g}/\hbox{mol} \\ \end{matrix}$

The procedure for more complex compounds is essentially the same. Aluminium carbonate, for example, contains aluminium, carbon, and oxygen. To find the molar mass, we have to be careful to find the total number of atoms of each element. Three carbonate ions each containing three oxygen atoms gives a total of nine oxygens. The atomic weights of aluminium and carbon are 26.98 and 12.01 respectively.

$\begin{matrix} \hbox{M}(\hbox{Al}_2(\hbox{CO}_3)_3) &=& 2 \times 26.98 + 3 \times 12.01 + 9 \times 16.00 \\ \ &=& 233.99 \hbox{g}/\hbox{mol} \\ \end{matrix}$

Empirical Formulae
The empirical formula of a substance is the simplest ratio of the number of moles of each element in a compound. The empirical formula is ambiguous, e.g. the formula CH could represent CH, C2H2, C3H3 etc. These latter formulae are called molecular formulae. It follows that the molecular formula is always a whole number multiple of the empirical formula for a compound.

Calculating the empirical formula is easy if the relative amounts of each element in the compound are known. For example, if a sample contains 1.37 mol oxygen and 2.74 mol hydrogen, we can calculate the empirical formula. A good strategy to use is to divide all amounts given by the smallest non-integer amount, then multiply by whole numbers until the simplest ratio is found. We can make a table showing the successive ratios.

The empirical formula of the compound is H2O.

Here's another example. A sample of piperonal contains 1.384 mol carbon, 1.033 mol hydrogen and 0.519 mol oxygen.

The empirical formula of piperonal is C8H6O3.

Converting from Masses
Often, we are given the relative composition by mass of a substance and asked to find the empirical formula. These masses must first be converted to moles using the techniques outlined above. For example, a sample of ethanol contains 52.1% carbon, 13.2% hydrogen, and 34.7% oxygen by mass. Hypothetically, 100g of this substance will contain 52.1 g carbon, 13.2 g hydrogen and 34.7 g oxygen. Dividing these by their respective molar masses gives the amount in moles of each element (as we learned above). These are 4.34 mol, 13.1 mol, and 2.17 mol respectively.

The empirical formula of ethanol is C2H6O.

Molecular Formula
As mentioned above, the molecular formula for a substance equals the count of atoms of each type in a molecule. This is always a whole number multiple of the empirical formula. To calculate the molecular formula from the empirical formula, we need to know the molar mass of the substance. For example, the empirical formula for benzene is CH, and its molar mass is 78.12 g/mol. Divide the actual molar mass by the mass of the empirical formula, 13.02 g/mol, to determine the multiple of the empirical formula, "n". The molecular formula equals the empirical formula multiplied by "n".

$\begin{matrix} \hbox{M(CH)} &=& 13.02 \hbox{ g/mol} \\ \hbox{M(benzene)} &=& 78.12 \hbox{ g/mol}\\ \hbox{M(benzene)} / \hbox{M(CH)} &= (78.12\ g/mol)/(13.02\ g/mol)&= 6 \\ \end{matrix}$

This shows that the molecular formula for benzene is 6 times the empirical formula of CH. The molecular formula for benzene is C6H6.

Solving Mass-Mass Equations
A typical mass-mass equation will give you an amount in grams and ask for another answer in grams.

For example, given the equation $$Cu^{2+} + 2 AgNO_3 \to Cu(NO_3)_2 + 2 Ag^+$$, find out how many grams of silver (Ag) will result from 43.0 grams of copper (Cu) reacting.

$43.0g~Cu \times \frac{1~mol~Cu}{63.55g~Cu}$ $43.0g~Cu \times \frac{1~mol~Cu}{63.55g~Cu} \times \frac{2~mol~Ag}{1~mol~Cu}$ $43.0g~Cu \times \frac{1~mol~Cu}{63.55g~Cu} \times \frac{2~mol~Ag}{1~mol~Cu} \times \frac{107.86g~Ag}{1~mol~Ag} = 1.46 \times 10^2~g~Ag$
 * Convert the given quantity to moles.
 * Multiply by the molar ratio of the demanded substance and the given substance.
 * Convert the demanded substance to grams.

Summary
To solve a stoichiometric problem, you need to know what you already have and what you want to find. Everything in between is basic algebra.

In general, all you have to do is keep track of the units and how they cancel, and you will be on your way!

title: General Chemistry/Stoichiometry


text:
Talk:Naval Station Ingleside

Battleship
I DID NOT KNOW THAT THE BRAC PEOPLE HAD THE POWER TO CLOSE THE ONLY REAL NAVY GULF PORT STATION CAPABLE TO DEFEND TEXAS AS A FIRST RESPONDER ! NOW WE ONLY HAVE 2 LARGE COAST GARD BATTLE CRUZERS THERE I SUPPOSE BRAC FEALS LIKE TEXAS IS NOT WORTH DEFENDING FROM THE COUNTRY THAT LOST HER IN 1836 AFTER THE BATTLE FOR THE ALAMO AND THE BATLE AT SAN JACINTO THE NAVY ALWAYS KEPT SEVERAL BATTLE CRUZZERS AT INGLESIDE TO WATCH OVER OUR GULF AND STOP THE ILLIGAL HORD OF MEXICAN FISH BOTS FROM STEALING SCHRIMP AND REDFISH ET ALL FROM OUR COSTAL WATERS WE SEAM TO WANT TO TRAVEL THOUSANDS OF MILES TO HELP DEFEND OTHER COUNTRYS BUT BRAC DONT CARE TO DEFEND TEXAS AND OUR TEXAS GULF COAST BRAC ALSO CLOSED KELLY AFB IN SAN ANTONIO THERE WE HAD OVER 30 B-52 BOMBERS ALWAYS READY TO DO THEIR JOB I SPENT 3 YEARS FIGHTING THE MARXEST HORDE IN KOREA AND WE WALKED AWAY WITH ONLY A TRUCE AFTER SHEEDING THE BLOOD ON THAT SOIL FROM 59 THOUSAND OF OUR HEROS !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! WE TEXANS AID THE NAVY FIFTEEN MILLION DOLLARS FOR THE UN WANTED BATTLESHIP ONLY TO HAVE HER WEASELED OUT OF OUR PORT IN THE DEAD OF NIGHT WITHOUT A BY YOUR LEAVE NO BODY UP NORTH WANTS TO TAKE CREDIT FOR THAT WE DONT EVAN HAVE A BRAC TAG TO HANG ON IT NO BODY UP THERE WANTED THE BATTLRSHIP SO TEXAS AND OUR WORKING POOR ALONG WITH THE DALLAS COWBOY BAUGHT HER AND I WANT HER BACK !!!!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 15:24, September 6, 2008

 * I'm sorry, but it's hard to read something rife with misspellings and written in all caps. If you have something to improve the article with, provide some dates and sources. Especially the 15 million part. We're trying to help see Talk:USS Wisconsin (BB-64), but your not giving us much to work with. And don't use all caps... --Dual Freq (talk) 15:39, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Naval Station Ingleside. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120224032452/http://www.caller.com/news/2010/mar/03/naval-station-inglesides-last-sailor-deployed/ to http://www.caller.com/news/2010/mar/03/naval-station-inglesides-last-sailor-deployed/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120804174014/http://www.caller.com/news/2012/jul/31/port-corpus-christi-leaders-accept-bid-100-acre-pi/ to http://www.caller.com/news/2012/jul/31/port-corpus-christi-leaders-accept-bid-100-acre-pi/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:34, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Naval Station Ingleside


text:
softheaded

Adjective

 * 1)  Lacking sound judgment or resolve; stupid; weak-minded.
 * 2) * 1880, Mark Twain, A Tramp Abroad, Appendix E,
 * How my fool of a soft-headed soft-hearted brother would rage if he knew how cunningly I have saved his pocket.

title: softheaded


text:
Talk:Electoral district of Davenport

Poll Bludger?
I've removed the link to Poll Bludger. It's empty. Linking to an empty page, then asking pollbludger to update it, is saying, "I've no idea what poll bludger will say, but I'm sure it's good". Totally out of place for a wikipedia link IMHO. In any case, why do we need to link to Poll Bludger anyway, when there's a perfectly good ABC election profile? Rocksong 00:38, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * While its temporarily offline at the moment, I can assure you that PollBludger is a very interesting and reliable source of information. When the link is active again I'll restore it. michael talk 02:24, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * LOL the link WAS active! I was replied to at 2:51pm yesterday telling me the broken URL had been fixed. Hey Rocksong, next time try a Ctrl + refresh ;D Reverting. Timeshift 06:34, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Oops sorry. Having said that, there's nothing there that's not on the ABC link, and I fail to see why pollbludger.com is so wonderful that it deserves a link from every electorate page. Rocksong 11:32, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * IMHO, hardly. Poll Bludger doesn't hold back. The mass media, including ABC to a certain extent, do. Timeshift 11:39, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, I probably overstated by opposition to including it. I'll go with the consensus. Rocksong 12:01, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

Davenport 2014 - can anyone explain?
One of the strongest Labor swings was in this seat - Belair actually voted Labor!! Other nearby booths also swung at around 5% 2PP to Labor. Does anyone know of any local factors at play here? Timeshift (talk) 05:43, 16 May 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Electoral district of Davenport


text:
náinn

Etymology
From, from , from.

Adjective

 * 1) intimate, attached
 * 2) near (not far away in relationship)

title: náinn