text:
Talk:English language/GA4

GA Reassessment
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the reassessment.''

The grammar section has several paragraphs that go unsourced, including lots of relatively technical statements that are not evident to the lay reader. These have been marked with citation needed tags. 2b. of the GA criteria requires statements that are likely to be challenged to have a citation. The current citation needed tags should be addressed for this article to keep its GA status.--Megaman en m (talk) 12:52, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * It is reasonable to assume that people who read the English Wikipedia have a basic understanding of English. The tags placed seem to not make that assumption, instead presuming that readers of English do not know how to read English. Some examples of the tags applied to the article:
 * "Orthographically the possessive -s is separated from the noun root with an apostrophe.[citation needed]" What speaker of English believes you do not write the possessive with an apostrophe-s? Are the examples which follow it not correct English?
 * "Prepositional phrases (PP) are phrases composed of a preposition and one or more nouns, e.g. with the dog, for my friend, to school, in England.[citation needed]" Any 10 year old should be able to tell you what a preposition and noun are, and the combination of them is obvious to any speaker of the language.
 * "[Prepositional phrases] are used to describe movement, place, and other relations between different entities, but they also have many syntactic uses such as introducing complement clauses and oblique arguments of verbs.[citation needed] For example, in the phrase I gave it to him, the preposition to marks the recipient, or Indirect Object of the verb to give." If you can understand the sentence "I gave it to him" you can immediately verify this claim yourself.
 * "The function of adverbs is to modify the action or event described by the verb by providing additional information about the manner in which it occurs.[citation needed] " This is literally the definition of an adverb. If you know what an adverb is (which you should if you've made it past 5th grade) this is not a controversial claim.
 * "Many adverbs are derived from adjectives by appending the suffix -ly, but not all, and many speakers tend to omit the suffix in the most commonly used adverbs.[citation needed] For example, in the phrase the woman walked quickly the adverb quickly derived from the adjective quick describes the woman's way of walking. Some commonly used adjectives have irregular adverbial forms, such as good which has the adverbial form well." The challenged claim is immediately verified by the examples in the next sentence.
 * "An exception is found in sentences where one of the constituents is a pronoun, in which case it is doubly marked, both by word order and by case inflection, where the subject pronoun precedes the verb and takes the subjective case form, and the object pronoun follows the verb and takes the objective case form.[citation needed]" These terms are explained earlier in the article in the section on pronouns and an example is immediately given.
 * This article is not written for a 2 year old; it assumes the reader is a reasonably intelligent speaker of English who has read the preceding sections of the article. The section is in line with the Scientific citation guidelines which is linked from the GA criterion you cite: in sections or articles that present well-known and uncontroversial information – information that is readily available in most common and obvious books on the subject – it is acceptable to give an inline citation for one or two authoritative sources (and possibly a more accessible source, if one is available) in such a way as to indicate that these sources can be checked to verify statements for which no other in-line citation is provided. The reader is provided with a comprehensive grammar of English from 2002 at the beginning of the section and at various times throughout. Examples that are understandable by any speaker of English are provided to explain and verify the phenomena under discussion. If you seriously believe that we need a citation to prove to English speakers that "dog's" is possessive and "dogs" is plural, I would recommend you do the work yourself rather than WP:TAGBOMBING the article and threatening it with delisting. I suggest that this review be closed without action. Wug·a·po·des 19:22, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

 * The citation style for language articles has never been clear to me, it seems that most statements about the grammar do not need a source. The thing is that native speakers don't actually know the grammar of their language explicitly, so it's not fair to assume that everyone is familiar with linguistic terms. Then you also have people who speak English as a sencond language, who are even more disadvantaged. I merely wanted to point out that I think some of these unsourced statements are not self-evident to laypeople and would therefore require a source. I'll try to defend my reasoning for tagging these:
 * This could fall under the "so obvious everyone knows it category", but the part about the noun being a root isn't immediately obvious.
 * The concept of preposition phrases (or phrases in general, in the technical syntactic sense) is not something a ten-year-old is going to understand. As this is a scientific term, I would expect a source for its definition, not just "common sense".
 * If you can find me a ten-year-old that understands what "introducing complement clauses and oblique arguments of verbs" means, hats off to you. These are technical examples that laypeople won't intuitively understand (or understand at all). You said that the example sentence that is given is enough to act as proof, but doesn't that count as original research? This is where I don't understand the rules for sourcing grammar in language articles.
 * Adverbs are a pain to define and there isn't a universal definition for them (not even in English, as far as I'm aware). As the concise encyclopedia of grammatical terms says: "The familiarity of the term 'adverb' is deceptive, for the class of adverbs does not have a homogeneous membership and sometimes words seem to be assigned to the class of adverbs for no better reason than that they do not fit any other class." So when Wikipedia gives a specific definition, I would like to know where it came from.
 * Again, I see the use of examples instead of citations as original research (or cherry picking). I'm not saying it's wrong, but stating that "many speakers tend to omit the suffix in the most commonly used adverbs" is a statistical statement that isn't easily verifiable.
 * Same line of reasoning as above.
 * My goal was not to "threaten" delisting, but to make sure that the GA requirements are being met. I could make the changes myself, but as a volunteer, I'm under no obligation to spend a few hours finding sources for all these exact statements; I just wanted to let any dedicated people working on this article that I think it could be better. As for the scientific citation guidelines you linked, I see most GA and FA articles with in-line citations for each technical statement. I'm not sure how the reader is supposed to know which one of the several dozens of sources they're supposed to check for each unsourced technical statement. Isn't that the whole point of in-line citations to begin with, to let the reader know exactly where the information came from?--Megaman en m (talk) 20:51, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

 * I second Wugapodes' motion to close without action. Your disagreements about editorial use of examples is a content issue not an issue related to GA criteria, the article is sufficiently well cited for GA and perhaps even FA. The use of examples like these is is allowed, and indeed the only sensible way to illustrate articles about grammar. It is not necessary to cite that the moon is not made of green cheese, and besides it doesn't seem you have even looked at the articles that are in fact cited for the paragraphs with the statements you claim are uncited, I contend that if you were to look at the source given for the paragraph (usually at the end) you would in most cases find explicit (or at least implicit) support also for the claims you consider "uncited". ·maunus · snunɐɯ· 10:35, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I would check the source at the end of the paragraph, but most of the statements I tagged don't have one. So I tried my luck with the first source in the following paragraph, but I still couldn't find a citation for these statements. Also, my problem does not lie with the examples, but with the unsourced technical explanations. Only a linguist could possibly consider statements like "prepositions can introduce complement clauses and oblique arguments of verbs" to be commonsense statements that do not need sources (incidentally, I did find a source for this statement). But since Wikipedia is not written for language professionals, so I do want a source that the sky is blue.--Megaman en m (talk) 11:34, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I will close this reassessment in two weeks; any improvements would be appreciated.--Megaman en m (talk) 12:57, 2 October 2019 (UTC)
 * After two weeks of inactivity and no improvements to the sourcing (other than the single one I added), I am going to close the reassessment and delist this article.--Megaman en m (talk) 13:19, 16 October 2019 (UTC)

 * This is still showing up as being open. Do you need a hand to close it. AIRcorn (talk) 05:16, 1 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for bringing this up. I thought I finished this reassessement a while again, apparently it was reopened. I see that most of the sourcing problems have been fixed in meantime, so I will close the reassessment again and keep the GA status.--Megaman en m (talk) 10:55, 1 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I didn't realise that. Oh well, alls well that ends well I guess. Thanks for the reassessment. AIRcorn (talk) 18:00, 1 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:English language/GA4


text:
tilework

Etymology
From 🇰🇲. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) The arrangement of tiles on a surface.

Translations

 * Finnish: ,
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: пли́точная кла́дка
 * Spanish: trabajo de azulejo

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: tilework


text:
Talk:Federal prosecution of public corruption in the United States/GA1

GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''

Reviewer: Pyrotec (talk · contribs) 11:38, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I will review. Pyrotec (talk) 11:38, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Initial comments
This article appears to be well referenced and quite comprehensive, although possibly the lead appears to be a bit short for an article of this length. At this basis, the nomination successfully passes the "quick fail" hurdle, so I'm reviewing the nomination in more depth, starting at History working down to the end and then going back to do the WP:Lead. Pyrotec (talk) 10:57, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * History -
 * I have a comment/question. Ref 6 is written as 'Crimes Act of 1825, ch. 65, §§ 12, 16, 24, 4 Stat. 115, 118, 120, 122.' which (obviously) takes me to the wikipedia article Crimes Act of 1825 article - which is not a WP:Reliable Source in its self. Tucked away at the External sources section at the bottom of Crimes Act of 1825 is a link (which sometimes works) to the Library of Congress copy of the Act and also a link to WikiSource . If there is a Library of Congress copy or a WikiSource copy available, why not cite it?
 * The source cited is the Crimes Act, not the Wikipedia article. The situation is the same whenever a notable source is cited. A bluelink in a footnote is for the convenience of the reader only in learning more about the source cited. As for the wikisource link you have provided, that is to the 1790 Crimes Act, not 1825. I would consider a wikisource link in a footnote, if in fact this text were on wikisource, but prefer not to use an external link. There is no requirement that each footnote contain an external link to the pinpoint in the text cited. Savidan 15:36, 30 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Ref 3 is fairly similar cited as 'U.S. Const. Art II, § 4.' but the article (Article Two of the United States Constitution) has a link.
 * Same situation. The source cited is the text of the constitution. Savidan 15:36, 30 July 2012 (UTC)
 * See the Scope section below.
 * Otherwise OK.

 * Doctrinal overview -
 * The whole of this section is a Table (or Manual of Style/Embedded lists):
 * ✅ Pyrotec (talk) - It is provided without an discussion of what its purpose is, or what it is showing.
 * I have added more an explanatory paragraph before the table. As the section title indicates, its purpose is to give an overview of the similarities and differences between the distinct offenses, which are detailed in the sections about that offense. Savidan 00:56, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, I like it. Pyrotec (talk) 15:57, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅ Pyrotec (talk) - The top row is undefined, it consists of various "labels" of the type: some words, §+number(s) - having read the article the §+number(s) very much looks like a 18 U.S.C §+number(s) reference.
 * I have removed the §§ symbols. I hope that the addition of the explanatory paragraph now makes this clear. Savidan 00:56, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * It has three abbreviations, QPQ, RICO and ML, that are undefined and don't appear (as far as I can see) anywhere else in the article.
 * The added text should explain. In addition, I have linked QPQ, RICO, and ML. Savidan 00:56, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅ Pyrotec (talk) - It uses Latin/legal terms, such as "Mens rea" (which does appear in the Lead) but also "Nexus" (Nexus is a disabig page) and (Species of) Quos which appear nowhere else and are all undefined. I would have expected a wikilink to an article, to wikidictionary, or an explanation of their meanings. It also as Predicate (status), that term is wikilinked elsewhere once in the article, but its to a disambiguation page.
 * I have added a link in the explanatory paragraph to mens rea. There is currently no article for the legal concept of a "nexus"; as I have explained in the added paragraph, it is easier to prove than a full quid pro quo. Savidan 00:56, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅ Pyrotec (talk) - The Authorized sentence row has numbers, but are they days, weeks, months or years? (Years, I guess)!
 * Years. Now noted. Savidan 00:56, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

...Stopping for now. To be continued. Pyrotec (talk) 14:44, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Federal officials, Foreign Corrupt Practices Act & Mail and wire fraud -
 * This section is referenced, it mostly includes US Codes 18 USC etc and they are just named as 18 U.S.C. § xxx. Some or most of these codes are viewable on line, such as at Findlaw. It would be nice to have the links (I can't insist since the claims are verifiable, but I suggest that it could/would help improve the article).
 * I prefer not to provide external links in footnotes to the US Code. I would consider links to Wikisource, if such pages existed there. Savidan 01:05, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Hobbs Act -
 * ✅ Pyrotec (talk) - "Under color of official right" appears to be a technical/legal term, it aught to be explained or wikilinked.
 * There is no article about this term, and there is not likely to ever be one (other than the Hobbs Act article. Given that the courts don't know quite what it means, I don't know that I can define it any better. The only real "definition" that can be provided is how the court's have interpreted the offense that it describes. Savidan 01:05, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

 * As a predicate -
 * RICO, used as a subsection title is (obviously) an abbreviation, as the main link gives its official title. I believe that the official name Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act should be used.
 * RICO is a rather common abbreviation (used not only by lawyers but also the mainstream media and crime television shows), and the verbose title is already included in several places in the article. Changing the section title would serve only make the TOC very very wide. Savidan 01:05, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅ Pyrotec (talk) - The term "predicates" used elsewhere, but first wikilinked here goes to a disambiguation page predicates. However, none of the articles listed are predicate (legal) and I'm not sure that any are relevant. So what is/are predicate(s)?
 * There is currently no such article. The best I can do is Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act. Savidan 01:05, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Constitutional issues -
 * Looks OK.

 * Scope -
 * This article (ignoring the Lead at this point), has a History section, a Doctrinal overview section (of unexplained purpose) and then several sections dealing with specifics. The article then stops. I would have expected at the end as discussion or summary of the Impact (or synonym) of these status. This does exist in the article, in the History section, but the article would read better if "Impact" was expanded and placed at the end of the article.
 * I do not think I can provide such a section at all, and certainly not without original research. Perhaps you could clarify by what you think would be in the "Impact" section. I suppose its natural to wonder, for example, if the US has more or less public corruption than it would otherwise as a result of these prosecutions, but that's impossible to know. Savidan 01:17, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * The '''History section has:

 The prosecution of state and local political corruption became a "major federal law enforcement priority" in the 1970s.[10] ..........

In 1977, Thomas H. Henderson, Jr., the Chief of the Public Integrity Section, wrote:

Until recently, the full panoply of potential federal resources had not been brought to bear effectively on corruption schemes at the state and local level. These schemes are at least as corrosive of the governmental process as corruption at the federal level. From the time of Tammany Hall this country has been painfully aware of the existence of corrupt practices in many of our metropolitan areas, and of the "machines" and "rings" which siphon off millions of dollars from public treasuries for private gain. Most state and local prosecutors, beset by inadequate resources and the overwhelming demands of a rising rate of street crime, are simply unable to deal with this type of corruption. Moreover, in some cases, local law enforcement is part and parcel of the problem itself, due to the outright corruption of its own establishment.

To fill this enforcement role, federal prosecutors during the last decade began to assume a much more active and creative role in attempting to use federal statutes to attack corruption at the state and local level.[17]

In 1976, there were 337 indictments of state and local officials for public corruption, compared to 63 in 1970.[18] Between 1970 and 1981, there were 520 federal indictments of state officials, and 1,757 indictments of local officials, for public corruption; over that period, 369 state officials, and 1,290 local officials, were convicted.[19] In 1986, there were 916 indictments of public officials for corruption, 320 of which concerned state and local officials.[20] In 1990, there were 968 such indictments, 353 of which were against state and local officials.[21]

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), 15 U.S.C. § 78dd-1, was passed in 1977. The program bribery statute, 18 U.S.C. § 666, was passed in 1984.[22] In the program bribery statute, "Congress, for the first time, directly federalized the crime of bribery of or by local officials."[23]

For example, between 1985 and 1991, over 75 public officials were convicted of corruption offenses in the Southern District of West Virginia alone.[24] By comparison, the only appellate court decision citing West Virginia's Bribery and Corrupt Practices Act, in 1991, was a federal court decision involving the state statute as a federal RICO predicate.[25]
 * That to me is the Impact of taking the decision to make corruption offenses a priority back in the 1970s. Pyrotec (talk) 16:16, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

 * WP:Lead -
 * This should comply with WP:Lead and perhaps it does: it appears to introduce the topic and summarise the main points, but see below.
 * In your view, is anything missing from the lead other than the "Impacts"? Savidan 01:17, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * The lead currently states that Federal prosecutions began in the 1970s, but there are some figures for the number of indictments in 1970, 1979 and the period 1970 to 1981 (see above comment). Pyrotec (talk) 16:25, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅ Pyrotec (talk) - I'm not an American so I was unfamiliar with terms such as "18 U.S.C. § 201", but now I've read this article in depth several times. 18 U.S.C. § 201 is US Code - Title 18: Crimes and criminal procedure, section 201 (which appears in Chapter 11: Bribery, graft, and conflicts of interest). I found this out from the website findlaw.com - the explanation is not too obvious in this article. The lead states "The federal official bribery and gratuity statute, 18 U.S.C. § 201 (enacted 1962), ....".
 * I have added an early and prominent link to Title 18 of the United States Code. Hopefully this will clear it up for most readers. If not, the statutes are never referred to only by their USC citation; only in conjunction with their common name. Savidan 01:17, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅ Pyrotec (talk) - I would have expected a simpler explanation somewhere in the article, i.e. most (all) of the acts were made under US Code 18, Title 18: Crimes and criminal procedure and the § reference is the section number.
 * I have added an explanation and link to Title 18. As for §, "§" is the "section symbol." That's not a meaning that is unique to lawyers. It is no more pertient to the subject of this article to define "§" as section than to define "#" as "number" or "&" as "and." In fact, § redirects to Section sign. It's just too much of a detour. Savidan 01:17, 2 August 2012 (UTC)
 * The lead as currently written does not cover the Impacts of this acts (see above).
 * I'm not convinced that any such section can be added without original research. Savidan 01:17, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

At this point I'm putting the review On Hold. The article should make GA, but it has a few "rough edges" that need to be addressed first. Pyrotec (talk) 19:23, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I will address these issues, but I will not be able to do so until after the 25th. Savidan 18:50, 17 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the update. Pyrotec (talk) 08:52, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks for giving the article a thorough read and review. I have made edits to the article and/or have responded here. Please let me know if any of your comments have not been resolved to your satisfaction. Savidan 01:17, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

Overall summary
GA review – see WP:WIAGA for criteria

 * 1) Is it reasonably well written?
 * A. Prose quality:
 * B. MoS compliance for lead, layout, words to watch, fiction, and lists:
 * 1) Is it factually accurate and verifiable?
 * A. References to sources:
 * Well referenced.
 * B. Citation of reliable sources where necessary:
 * Well cited and referenced.
 * C. No original research:
 * 1) Is it broad in its coverage?
 * A. Major aspects:
 * B. Focused:
 * 1) Is it neutral?
 * Fair representation without bias:
 * 1) Is it stable?
 * No edit wars, etc:
 * 1) Does it contain images to illustrate the topic?
 * A. Images are tagged with their copyright status, and valid fair use rationales are provided for non-free content:
 * Not applicable - no illustrations.
 * B. Images are provided where possible and appropriate, with suitable captions:
 * Not applicable - no illustrations.
 * 1) Overall:
 * Pass or Fail:
 * 1) Does it contain images to illustrate the topic?
 * A. Images are tagged with their copyright status, and valid fair use rationales are provided for non-free content:
 * Not applicable - no illustrations.
 * B. Images are provided where possible and appropriate, with suitable captions:
 * Not applicable - no illustrations.
 * 1) Overall:
 * Pass or Fail:

The article has been considered improved in those areas where I raised comments and is somewhere easier for the layperson to follow. I'm therefore awarding it GA status. Pyrotec (talk) 16:55, 2 August 2012 (UTC)


text:
fortalecer

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to fortify, strengthen

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to strengthen, fortify

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to fortify, strengthen

title: fortalecer


text:
Hannelore Mensch

Hannelore Mensch (born Hannelore Bosch; 16 June 1937 in Neu Zachun) is a former East German politician. She served as the German Democratic Republic's Minister for Work and Wages in 1989/90.

Life
Hannelore Bosch was born in the north of what was then the central part of Germany. Her father was a farmer and she had a rural upbringing. The Second World War started when she was 2 and ended when she was not quite 8, after which her childhood was spent growing up in the Soviet occupation zone in what remained of Germany. While she was 12 the occupation zone became the German Democratic Republic, formally founded in October 1949. Between 1953 and 1956 Hannelore attended an agricultural college in Ludwigslust, emerging with a qualification in Agriculture. In 1958 she took a job as a Planner with MTS Brüsewitz, a state-administered agricultural machinery depot serving the district. From 1958 till 1962 she served as FDJ secretary and as divisional leader with the Schwerin rural district council. In 1959 she joined East Germany's ruling SED (party).

She worked in the Agriculture Department with the Berlin city council from 1962 till 1963, moving on to become a department head with the Party Regional Leadership between 1963 and 1973. Meanwhile, she undertook a correspondence course with the "Karl Marx" Party Academy which led her to a degree in Social Sciences. Promotion followed, and from 1973 till 1978 she was a Berlin city councilor and senior secretary with the council. From 1979 till 1989 she served as first deputy mayor of Berlin. During the final months of one-party government in the German Democratic Republic, from November 1989 till March 1990, she entered national politics, serving in the Modrow government as Minister for Work and Wages.

In 1993 Hannelore Mensch was convicted of local government election fraud by the Berlin district Court and sentenced to one year of supervised liberty ("probation").

Awards and honours

 * 1971 Patriotic Order of Merit in bronze
 * 1981 Patriotic Order of Merit in silver
 * 1987 Patriotic Order of Merit in gold

title: Hannelore Mensch


text:
primary colour

Noun

 * 1)  Any of three colours which, when added to or subtracted from others in different amounts, can generate all other colours

Translations

 * Catalan: color primari
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, 基色
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: cor primaria
 * German: ,
 * Greek: βασικό χρώμα
 * Gujarati: મૂળ રંગ
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Maori: tae mātāmua
 * Romanian: culoare primară,
 * Spanish: color primario
 * Tagalog: pangunahing kulay

title: primary colour


text:
Zammeh

Zammeh and Zameh and Zemeh may refer to:
 * Zammeh, Razavi Khorasan
 * Zemeh, West Azerbaijan

title: Zammeh


text:
Irvine–Gass syndrome

Irvine–Gass syndrome, pseudophakic cystoid macular edema or postcataract CME is one of the most common causes of visual loss after cataract surgery. The syndrome is named in honor of S. Rodman Irvine and J. Donald M. Gass.

The incidence is more common in older types of cataract surgery, where postcataract CME could occur in 20–60% of patients, but with modern cataract surgery, incidence of Irvine–Gass syndrome has reduced significantly.

Replacement of the lens as treatment for cataract can cause pseudophakic macular edema (‘pseudophakia’ means ‘replacement lens’). This could occur as the surgery involved sometimes irritates the retina (and other parts of the eye) causing the capillaries in the retina to dilate and leak fluid into the retina. This is less common today with modern lens replacement techniques.

Signs and symptoms
Most patients have decreased or fuzzy vision.

Complications
Foveolar photoreceptor damage and permanent vision impairment can arise from multiple remissions and exacerbations of macular edema or from persistent macular edema.

Causes
Irvine–Gass syndrome usually arises after a routine cataract operation.

Risk factors
A number of systemic conditions have been linked to higher incidence of pseudophakic macular edema. After cataract surgery, patients with diabetes mellitus are generally acknowledged to have an increased risk of macular edema.

A prior history of retinal vein occlusion was the only significant preoperative risk factor in a large retrospective series of 1659 consecutive cataract surgeries.

As one of the etiologic factors thought to contribute to macular edema is the release of prostaglandins. Prostaglandin analog-using patients experienced significantly more anterior chamber flare than non-users in a randomized trial of patients with aphakic and pseudophakic glaucoma.

Epiretinal membrane, uveitis, previous diagnosis of contralateral pseudophakic macular edema and macular holes, intraoperative iris manipulation and intraoperative capsule rupture with or without vitreous loss are other known risk factors.

Treatment
Irvine–Gass Syndrome often resolves without treatment. As a first-line treatment, corticosteroids and topical NSAIDs are frequently used, either alone or in combination. Intravitreal administration of corticosteroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents may be considered if this approach proves to be ineffective. Pars plana vitrectomy may be an option for eyes with persistent pseudophakic cystoid macular edema and vitreomacular traction.

title: Irvine–Gass syndrome


text:
copertura

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) covering
 * 2) roofing
 * 3) cover (financial and military)

title: copertura


text:
School talk:Economics

NEWS
Hello, I'm Endless Melee. I'm currently doing my best to organize and breathe some life into the School of Economics. I don't know who frequents this school or how often, so I'm going keep this section at the top of this discussion page in order to keep new and existing contributors up to date. Let's make this happen!

July 14, 2006 - New departments: Department of Text Development and  Department of Research. Please check them out and let me know what you think!

--Endless melee 22:27, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Just to say I am also looking to contribute to the School of Economics here at Wikiversity. I'm er........learning at the same time however. Iqbar 19:56, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

too capitalist a viewpoint?
I think this explanation is biased toward capitalism and not an objective, academic analysis. Needs to be reworked.

I cannot see why we need a wikiversity school of Economics to explain some terms already explained in wikipedia in a way better controlled by a broader group of users. If this is to help people learning more than can be learned from an encyclopedia it should include questions to work with for example. Get-back-world-respect 23:22, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * In reference to your first sentence, my response is: Hardly. It quite clearly follows the Marxist view of the "progression" of economic systems throughout history and essentially ends with the question, "When will we figure out how to implement Communism successfully?"

Capitalism has been studied more than socialism (i think) and therefore it would make sense to involve it more in the school. Socialism still needs a big section but it won't be as big as the capitalism one. And anyway, all english peaking countries are capitalist.

What about if you list the syllabi of major countries' economics exams and then point links to the correct pages. - i can give you the UK A-Level Economics Specification pretty easily.

There could also be links to topics which either further illustrate the point (to helpl with the understanding of the subject) and also to let people have the ability to delve deeper and deeper into a smaller and smaller area of economics. - just a thought. smaldj 22.59 4th September (GMT)

Needs a major overhaul
I fixed the subject ares by organizing required from electives. Whoever wrote the paragraphs below regarding capitalism and socialism, etc should have his work transfered to a "Economic Models" page. Focus first on the basics such as supply and demand before looking at the different models. That's why the dude upstairs thinks there is a bias. If it is ok with you guys, I'll make a proper definition, hope to upload it before New Year.....

Humble Guy.....

--- Would It be a decent idea to copy and paste wikipedia entries on Economics, socialism, capitalism etc. to give "students" a broad introduction. I feel that a collection of wikipedia entires constitude a pretty decent introduction to economics, and that our time might be better spent delving into specifics examples, problems, and methods. thoughts?

--

OK, in that case, I agree, I just hope that it meets its objectives.

Humble Guy...

--- IMHO, I don't think a copy-paste solution is appropriate. A link in the title of each of the subjects might be better? I'll do that, but if you don't approve, get rid of it. You can't deny that Wikipedia definitions will be more complete, accurate and authoritative than most Wikibook definitions at least at this stage. It's important to remember that the course can't consist only of Wikipedia links, which is all too easy to do!

Secondly, what about a series of questions? A "Test yourself" section would be very useful! Cheers, Mark Lewis 18:00, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Yup
Yes, in that regard, a copy paste solution is not appropriate. A link will be good, at least in the short term. Surely, we need to make pure texts (maybe with graphs etc) for wikiversity is a supplement to wikibooks. In the end of the day, all that we do is for making the books. This is going to be tough. We need more man power, maybe asking lots of wikipedians to be wikibookworms will do the trick....Humble Guy

Overhaul Part 2
Hey, I removed the long textual stuff. Those things should be written in the course texts themselves, not in this page. I also introduced some course titles for a start. I encourage people with even just a little knowldege in eco to help out. A core of 25 people and countless contributors will do the trick. I would also like to remove the links to wikipedia articles, because wikiversity and wikibooks should be independent from wikipedia. But I'll remove it later pending comments from the one who placed the links in the 1sr place. Anyone pls help. I can't do it alone, and I do not have time for doing alot by myself. User:Humble_Guy

Schools of Thought
Hey, I just jumped in, and what school(s) of thought is (or are) being taught? What about...say...the other schools of thought, e.g. Keynesian economics, et al.? -- Pablo

Another School of Thought
what about Austrian economics?

WSE School of Thought
So far, all eco programs are not yet finalized. The curriculum is still being determined, even the textbooks. After the curriculum is made, one may begin to see a pattern to which school we may belong to. BUT, objectively, WSE must say that it is open to all possible schools of thought, and the WSE teaches and learns every possible school of thought. (We may even make our own school of thought after 10 years time) :-)

This open-to-all approach is due to the global reach of the WSE. The mentioned is also VERY important for current WSE development. WSE should be open to and aware of all, though my personal views suggest that Keynesian, and Neoclassical are educational priorities. Lets wait and see with the others. In the meantime, each school of thought will be available, once there will be an abundant supply of true experts from each field, and there comes a demand for their knowledge. :-) Humble Guy

Urgent Priority
More importantly, I encourage everyone to register to wikibooks, and help write textbooks. The titles the WSE urgently needs are in the WSE welcome page. Pls. contribute if you can. Humble Guy

dell
There is a wikibook simply titled macroeconomics which I've been trying to put some sense into. However, with exam season coming up I will not have much time to work on it. The initial author (maybe one of you?) clearly had a higher level of understanding than me (last year of school), but seemed to assume a lot and didn't always explain himself. I'm trying to make a basic, common sense book that won't get too bogged down in mathematics to be incomprehensible to the layman (see the bits on economic policy and unemployment to see what I mean - though they are incomplete currently). With more work, it could be added to the required section of these courses...

I would really appreciate someone sorting out Macroeconomics:Keynesian Cross Model and Macroeconomics:Savings and Investment - I can't see how some of his working adds up! Thanks, --Mark Lewis 09:57, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

wikibooks and wikiversity
I don't know if anyone is still working on this wikiversity, but I would say that it might be more important to finish one of the economics wikibooks before doing much more with the wikiversity. Macroeconomics, which should probably change its title to Principles of Macroeconomics, seems the most likely candidate to be the first wikibook finished. Anyone want to put some work into it? DettoAltrimenti 16:43, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

missing Khaneman
It seems to me that a conceptually important psrt of economics is not included in the listing. A recent Nobel, to Khaneman, is 'official' recognition of this. It is sometimes called cognitive economics and bears directly on a fundamental assumption of economics, namely the nature of the participants. That assumption is of 'homo economicus' the rational decision maker and evaluator in all economic decisions. H. econ's characterisitics underly nearly all economic modeling, and changes in the characteristics assumed for H. econ will have some large consequences.

In short there's a mismatch between human reality and the simplified humans classified as H. econ.

An important omission, I think. Ww 20:55, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Infonomics
I think a chapter on Infonomics should be included. Infonomics is sort of a new theory but it is very important in this day where Information is one of the most valuble things. This guy would be a good person to get in contact with regarding this http://athene.csu.edu.au/~hskoko/ Matt22nsw 06:56, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Joining Up
Hello, I'm new to all this and I just signed up! I did some work on the Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory text because I thought nobody had done any work on any of the macro yet, but based on what I read below, that might not be the case. Are we going to have multiple texts on the same material? We already seem to have two macro books going...

I also noticed their aren't any department heads besides me. You guys should really put yourselves up there and list where/what you're working on so we (and new entrants) can see which sections need help and which are well-supplied.

Otherwise, I'm glad to be here and hope to help in anyway I can!

''I think we might do better organizing a set of different sequences for the courses so that students can take certain sequences rather than all those courses listed. Actually I kind of think we might need to rework the current setup so that maybe there are Intro Econ, Basc Micro, Basic Macro, Intermediate Micro, Intermediate Macro, and then a series of upper-division courses that focus on certain aspects in detail: e.g. financial markets, game theory, econometrics etc.''

Let me know what you think.

--Endless melee 07:29, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Joining
Hey, I'm new to this as well. I'll do whatever I can to help but you've gotta tell me what you want.

Just a thought, but i reckon a section on everyday economics (see books - Freakonomics & Everlasting Lightbulbs) might spark some interest to the economi-phobic of those out there.

Look on my page to see what I can do but if you want anything on Macro, Micro, Industrial, development economics or EU Economics [Did a module on the UK and it being in the Eu and World Economy].

--smaldj 22.56, 4th September 2006 (GMT)

Import
Hi guys, I've transwikied (imported) many of your school's pages from wikibooks, and fixed up all the links from on the main page. Please tell me if I've done something wrong. --Draicone (talk) 09:24, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

new here
hello everyone, I'm new here but would like to contribute, perhaps to an "4th year" learning course. I also have a link to a free intermediate macro book http://www.sfu.ca/~dandolfa/macro2006.pdf Mdelves 07:37, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

Course request
I'm a complete newcomer, but I was wondering if someone could put together a course/class on economic warfare. It seems to me that this topic might also fall in "History" but I think it might be very interesting to learn. Thanks.

Hi, why is everyone so quiet
I am new to the Wikiversity, and feel I can contribute to the school of economics. It seems a bit chaotic to me. So lets start setting up a system that is fast, efficient and minimizes duplication. Reply and lets start working. PhD²
 * Wikiversity is relatively new; "a bit chaotic" is a good description. Where would you like to get started? --JWSchmidt 13:52, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

Related Department
Hi all, I am presently invovled in the School of History and was wondering if I could get the School of Economics to place a 'Related Schools/Departments' list on the main page. I am a part of the Department of Historiography, which is the study of how History is practiced. Economics plays a major role in the way Quantitative History is practiced. Since Quantitative Historians are historians that strictly deal with statistics, and mathematical forumulas, I believe the School of Economics and Department of Historiography are directly related. Please contact me, or write on the discussion page of the Department of Historiography Dctrainor 19:56, 24 November 2007 (UTC)

I think that this is a good idea and I like the idea of a collaboration among schools. Sjwillis39 18:41, 17 June 2009 (UTC)

splitting off Learning resources
Perhaps the learning resources section could be moved to Economic learning resources, and just a few primary ones could be kept. This way, the page will be a bit more focused. --Remi 05:32, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

possibly pertinent link - "1-Ener1 sees hybrid battery costs halving"
August 2008 1-Ener1 sees hybrid battery costs halving Emesee 04:56, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

Needs Topic: Heterodox School
Hello all, I'm new but I'm looking forward to contributing. I think we need a section for Heterodox approaches to economocs. Then we need to move Institutionalist Economics out of Topic: Political Economy and put it into the heterodox section. What you think?

Changes to Page
I have made some big changes to the layout of the page. Some of the other changes I have been thinking of include a consolidation of the Divisions and Departments section into actual Divisions and Departments. I think that 5 general Divisions could cover the range of departments pretty well. They are:
 * 1) Division of Economic History and Schools of Economic Thought
 * 2) Division of Microeconomics
 * 3) Division of Macroeconomics
 * 4) Division of Behavioral Economics
 * 5) Division of Mathematical Economics

The different departments should fit pretty well into one of these sections. Any thoughts on this? Is anyone else working on this page?

Sjwillis39 18:41, 17 June 2009 (UTC)

"How to Save $1 Trillion a Year with Open Source"
http://www.computerworlduk.com/community/blogs/index.cfm?entryid=2549

"How to Save $1 Trillion a Year with Open Source"

Content for main page
So it seems obvious to me that the Economics section has, effectively, no content and no contributors. I'm currently working on a rewrite of the main page but, since there is no content, I need ideas for what to populate it with in the short run. Pertinent links and articles that can quickly be written would be good. Also, if you have an opinion on how the main page should be organized in the present, please tell me (future organization can be sorted out when there is some actual content). So far my ideas are:
 * 1) The small amount of material we already have, of course.
 * 2) Links to good, Free, textbooks, recordings, videos, etc.
 * 3) Links to Wikipedia entries for famous economists, Wikisource for famous works.
 * 4) Links to blogs of actual economists, sorted by school of thought (is this useful for learners?)
 * 5) A short article describing some of the different schools of thought, their methodology and focus. I would like to see each school described by one of its proponents, so contributions very welcome!

If you have any ideas or links, please contribute. If I can get a decent front page up and running in time (before school starts), then I will start a course on Steve Keen's money circuit model in Sage to get a bit of original content going. Rf 21:23, 18 August 2011 (UTC)

I've gone and updated the main page. Perhaps the talk page up to here should be archived, since a lot of the comments are no longer relevant? Rf 08:14, 21 August 2011 (UTC)

title: School talk:Economics


text:
Kobol's Last Gleaming

"Kobol's Last Gleaming" is the two-part first-season finale of the reimagined Battlestar Galactica television series.

In the first part, the human fleet discovers the abandoned planet Kobol, the mythical birthplace of humanity, who left here and founded the Twelve Colonies of Kobol elsewhere in the galaxy. A survey team is stranded there by Cylons while President Laura Roslin convinces Starbuck to disobey orders and retrieve an artifact called the Arrow of Apollo. In the second part, Commander William Adama stages a military coup and places Roslin in Galactica's brig. Starbuck retrieves the Arrow and discovers that Boomer, still on Galactica, is a Cylon. This Boomer destroys the Cylon Basestar orbiting Kobol, returns to Galactica, and shoots Commander Adama; the season ends on a cliffhanger.

"Kobol's Last Gleaming" underwent numerous substantial rewrites. It was one of the most expensive episodes of the first season to produce. The episode received favorable critical review. Michael Hickerson of Slice of SciFi ranked it as the fourth best episode of the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica. Simon Brew of Den of Geek called it "just outstanding television."

Part 1
When a habitable planet is found, President Roslin concludes that the planet is Kobol, the mythical birthplace of humanity. Commander Adama wants to begin permanent settlement of Kobol, but Roslin cites scriptures in her belief that Kobol will point the way to Earth. However, this would require retrieving an artifact called the Arrow of Apollo from Caprica; Adama is unwilling to commit vital military resources (particularly the captured Cylon Raider that can make long jumps) when he doesn't believe Earth even exists. Roslin convinces Starbuck to disobey her orders and take the captured Raider to Caprica to retrieve the Arrow of Apollo.

On Caprica, Helo nearly kills the copy of Boomer he has been traveling with but decides to keep her alive.

Afraid that she will hurt someone, Boomer tries to shoot herself but survives. She discusses her angst with Galen Tyrol. Commander Adama sends a survey team down to Kobol in three Colonial Raptors, one of which is shot down by Cylons, leaving several Galactica crew members stranded.

Part 2
Starbuck arrives on Caprica and, after a fight with a Number Six, retrieves the Arrow of Apollo. She discovers Helo with Boomer. Helo stops her from killing Boomer: although she is a Cylon, she is also pregnant with his child.

On Kobol, Head Six shows Dr. Baltar a vision of a crib in an ancient Opera House and declares that God has tasked him with protecting the "first of the new generation of God's children."

Adama demands that Roslin resign, since convincing Starbuck to disobey orders violated their power-sharing arrangement where he would make all military decisions and she would oversee the civilians. When she refuses, he sends a team of Marines to Colonial One to arrest her. A standoff ensues between Colonel Tigh and Apollo, and Roslin surrenders to avoid bloodshed. Both she and Apollo are sent to Galactica's brig.

Adama orders the Boomer on Galactica to destroy the Cylon Basestar orbiting Kobol: a captured Cylon transponder allows Boomer's Raptor to penetrate the Cylon defenses. The launch system jams, so she is forced to land the Raptor inside the basestar and release the nuclear warhead manually. There she encounters several copies of herself, proving to her that she is a Cylon. She flees in the Raptor, destroys the basestar and returns to Galactica. Under the influence of her Cylon programming, Boomer shoots Adama twice in the torso.

Characterization
According to executive producer Ronald D. Moore, Roslin's character had a secular worldview at the start of the series, but her experience hallucinating the Opera House in "Kobol's Last Gleaming" makes her believe in the Scriptures. She becomes a woman of faith because she considers it logical given the evidence. Nonetheless, it is new enough that she is uncomfortable arguing from religion that Adama should send the Raider to Caprica. Adama is respectful but thoroughly secular by contrast.

According to Moore, Baltar's scene with Boomer before she shoots herself reveals a darker, more manipulative side to his character than had been shown in the series so far. Understanding that Boomer is a Cylon and poses a threat, Baltar encourages her to kill herself, a move Moore says not even Head Six may have thought him capable of.

According to Moore, Baltar wanted to sleep with Starbuck from the scene when they first met, in the earlier episode "Water", and only became more interested as she continued to spurn him in later episodes. Six's reaction in "Kobol's Last Gleaming" to Baltar sleeping with Starbuck is the first indication that Six and Baltar have a relationship that is not strictly in Baltar's head.

According to Moore, Starbuck's devotion to Adama is so strong that rational arguments would be unable to persuade her to disobey his orders. Roslin realized that her only option was to show Starbuck that Adama had betrayed her first, and this strategy works.

Production
Partly because of the large amount of computer-generated imagery (CGI), "Kobol's Last Gleaming" was more expensive to produce than others in the first season. The production team kept costs down on prior episodes in order to have a greater budget available for "Kobol's Last Gleaming". Sci Fi also allocated additional money for it.

Writing
"Kobol's Last Gleaming" was executive producer David Eick's first time writing for television. According to Moore, Eick mapped out the story while Moore concentrated on rewrites and production details for other episodes. Moore wrote the teleplay.

Several ideas for the plot of "Kobol's Last Gleaming" were considered but abandoned:
 * The cliffhanger was originally going to consist of Apollo, Tyrol, Cally, and others pinned down by Cylons in a temple on Kobol. The idea was abandoned due to budget constraints. Also, Roslin was going to still be barricaded in her office at the time Adama is shot.
 * It was decided later that Apollo should not be on Kobol at all, but aboard the fleet to participate in the events surrounding the coup and to be present when his father is shot. A plotline that had Tyrol questioning Apollo's command decisions was transferred to Crashdown.
 * Another abandoned idea around the Kobol temple had Baltar traveling through an underground passage in the temple, coming to a room where he would hear and recognize a Jimi Hendrix song, and meeting a character played by Dirk Benedict who would introduce himself as God. Reactions were mixed, and Sci Fi network executive Mark Stern nixed the idea, saying it was too hokey. Moore ultimately agreed with this assessment.
 * An early conception of the Opera House scene had an orchestra onstage playing a piece that would be recognizable to the audience. Baltar would sit in an empty chair, pick up a violin, and start playing despite not knowing how.
 * A scene in which Tyrol persuades Adama to reinstate Specialist Socinus and then berates Socinus was cut due to time constraints. Socinus was sent to Galactica's brig during a prior episode, "Litmus." Moore expressed regret for cutting this scene in his podcast commentary for the second-season episode "Valley of Darkness".
 * The writers considered narrating some of "Kobol's Last Gleaming" through "interviews" in which characters spoke directly to the camera. The idea was abandoned for lack of time. Some characters speak to the camera when interviewed by journalist D'Anna Biers in the second-season episode "Final Cut".

The boxing scene was the idea of actors Edward James Olmos and Jamie Bamber, who played Commander Adama and Apollo, respectively; they even choreographed the scene.

Eick pitched the idea of a fight scene between Six and Starbuck about halfway through the first season. The fight was present in every draft of "Kobol's Last Gleaming".

Design
Scenes on Caprica were given a distinct "look" to contrast them with scenes on Kobol; both planets' surfaces appear in "Kobol's Last Gleaming", and the production team wanted to ensure that audiences would be able to tell them apart at a glance. One element of Caprica's "look" is frequent rain, which is also an acknowledgment of the ecological effects of the Cylon nuclear attack on the planet.

Moore initially advocated for the interior of the Cylon basestar to be a simple white room. Production designer Richard Hudolin and another writer suggested a biomechanical environment, the idea that eventually won out. The design was supposed to resemble but remain distinct from the interior of the stolen Raider. The footage of the Raptor flying through the basestar interior is CGI, but the scenes of Boomer outside the Raptor were filmed on a set.

Filming
Director Michael Rymer and film editor Dany Cooper made a number of changes from the episode's script:
 * Moore originally wrote the teaser as a sequence of extreme close-ups. It also included scenes from Roslin's cancer treatment.
 * A scene of Starbuck testing the Raider was cut and footage woven into the scene in which Starbuck steals the Raider.
 * Starbuck's flight to Caprica was originally scripted to occur during Part 2; they moved it to the end of Part 1 to augment the action in Part 1 and open up more time to tell the story of Part 2. Moore thought the emotional impact of this scene made it a better candidate to end Part 1 than the original choice, the Raptor crash.

Moore concedes that Roslin's security detail permits Tigh and his Marines to get much closer to Roslin than a real presidential security detail like the United States Secret Service would. He explained that some realism was sacrificed to enhance the drama.

In Starbuck's sex scene, actor Jamie Bamber (Apollo) was filmed as Starbuck's partner until she calls out Lee's name, at which point actor James Callis (Baltar) replaces him. According to Moore, this was done "to establish who Starbuck would rather be with."

In the flaming Raptor sequence in the Part 2 teaser, only the Raptor explosion was CGI. Callis actually reached his hand through flames during the shots where Head Six leads Baltar out of the Raptor. According to Moore, the actors on Battlestar Galactica disliked filming Raptor scenes generally because the space is so cramped, but this reflects reality aboard military transports.

The scene where Boomer encounters the Number Eight copies was shot with motion control photography. Actress Grace Park played every copy and had to move and speak according to a precise rhythm in each shot. Moore called the process very time-consuming and expensive.

Actresses Tricia Helfer (Number Six) and Katee Sackhoff (Starbuck) did their own stunts for their fight scene. They trace the beginning of their friendship to their antics on-set filming this scene.

Music
Rymer asked composer Bear McCreary to write a classical-sounding piece for Baltar's vision of the Opera House. The result was "The Shape of Things to Come", which is closely connected to "Passacaglia", the piece McCreary wrote for the Part 1 teaser. McCreary recalled that Rymer was unsatisfied with earlier versions of the Part 1 teaser music and encouraged McCreary to stop approaching it as a film score. McCreary stopped looking at the footage for inspiration and produced "Passacaglia".

Reception
"Kobol's Last Gleaming" received favorable critical review. Susan Tankersley of Television Without Pity gave Part 1 of "Kobol's Last Gleaming" an A+ and Part 2 an A. David Thomas of AOL's TV Squad called the Raptor crash sequence "[o]ne of the most superb crash scenes in Sci-Fi television history" and said, "the only slow part seemed to be the crash victims on Kobol." Jason Davis of Mania gave Part 1 an A, comparing it favorably with the original series episode "Lost Planet of the Gods", praising the contribution of both Boomers to the emotional tone, and calling the teaser "masterful". He also gave Part 2 an A, calling it better than Part 1 and expressing particular appreciation for the tension between Crashdown and Tyrol, which he described as unconventional in science fiction. Simon Brew of Den of Geek said, "the second part of 'Kobol's Last Gleaming' had me screaming at my television set. ... [T]his is just outstanding television."

Michael Hickerson of Slice of SciFi ranked "Kobol's Last Gleaming" as the series's fourth best episode. Kelly Woo of TV Squad ranked Part 2 second best, writing, "Jaw, floor. Enough said." John Kubicek of BuddyTV ranked Part 2 as the 12th best episode, calling Six and Starbuck's fight scene "one of the best and sexiest fight scenes in the history of television." Eric Goldman of IGN ranked Boomer shooting Adama #6 on his list of the series's top 20 storylines and moments. The twist where Boomer is revealed to be a Cylon was listed at number 98 as part of the "Top 100 Most Unexpected Moments in TV History" by TV Guide and TV Land in December 2005.

Series context

 * The conflict between Adama and Roslin in "Kobol's Last Gleaming" is the culmination of tension that has been building since they forged their power-sharing arrangement. Although they have developed a degree of mutual respect, their different priorities make a confrontation inevitable, in Moore's view.
 * Adama does not return to command until the fifth episode of the second season, "The Farm". He and Roslin do not reconcile until two episodes later, in "Home, Part 2".
 * Crashdown is the ranking officer among the survivors of the Raptor crash, but several of the character's actions are intended to cause the audience to question his leadership. His decisions in the first three episodes of the second season bring him into conflict with the other survivors, especially Tyrol.
 * According to Moore, the Caprica storyline of the first season builds to the revelation of Caprica-Boomer's pregnancy in "Kobol's Last Gleaming". In his podcast commentary for "Kobol's Last Gleaming", Moore said why the Cylons were so interested in getting Caprica-Boomer pregnant would be answered in the second season. In the second-season episode "The Farm", Caprica-Boomer explains that "be fruitful" is one of the Cylon God's commandments.
 * In "Flesh and Bone", Leoben Conoy prophesied that the human fleet would find Kobol.
 * In season 3, D'Anna Biers has a sequence of visions of the Opera House, culminating with a vision of the Final Five Cylons in the episode "The Eye of Jupiter". Roslin, Athena, and Caprica Six begin sharing visions of Athena's daughter Hera in the Opera House in the third-season finale, "Crossroads". The Opera House's true meaning is revealed in the series finale, "Daybreak".
 * In the following episode, "Scattered", the cradle in the Opera House is revealed to contain a baby girl, whom Head Six describes as her child with Baltar.

title: Kobol's Last Gleaming


text:
Jagemann

Jagemann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Christian Joseph Jagemann (1735–1804), German scholar, court-advisor, and librarian
 * Ferdinand Jagemann (1780–1820), German painter, son of Christian and brother of Karoline
 * Karoline Jagemann (1777–1848), German tragedienne and singer

title: Jagemann


text:
vote with one's feet

Etymology
Probably based on the practice of in the, but the phrase in its modern sense was popularized by , through whom it gained some currency in left-wing parlance in various languages. It became more widely known when Western journalists and politicians started using it, not without mockery, in reference to those millions who fled Communist East Germany towards the West between 1945 and the erection of the in 1961.

Verb

 * 1)  To express one's preferences through one's actions, by voluntarily participating in or withdrawing from an activity, group, or process; especially, by physical migration to leave a situation one does not like, or to move to a situation one regards as more beneficial.
 * 2) * 1958 December 8, "Most Useful Satellite", Time:
 * But Khrushchev's economic plan for the East Germans means a new kind of dependence on their old Russian foes, and its fulfillment is a political question—on which East Germans, whatever their phony 99.9% elections say, still vote with their feet by fleeing West at the rate of 2,000 a week.
 * 1) * 1985 May 13, "Business Notes Airlines", Time:
 * TWA expects that its lounger will keep it flying high in transatlantic business, where it now leads all other airlines. Says Jesse Liebman, a TWA vice president: "Passengers vote with their feet."
 * TWA expects that its lounger will keep it flying high in transatlantic business, where it now leads all other airlines. Says Jesse Liebman, a TWA vice president: "Passengers vote with their feet."

Related terms

 * foot voting
 * vote with one's wallet

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Armenian: քվեարկել ոտքերով
 * Catalan: votar amb els peus
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 用腳投票
 * Mandarin: 用腳投票
 * Czech: hlasovat nohama
 * Dutch: met de voeten stemmen
 * Finnish:
 * French: aller à la pêche,
 * German: mit den Füßen abstimmen
 * Hindi:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Polish: głosować nogami, zagłosować nogami
 * Portuguese: votar com os pés
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: rösta med fötterna
 * Vietnamese: bỏ phiếu bằng chân

title: vote with one's feet


text:
Talk:Indonesian

Indonesian and Malay
Maybe this book should be presented as Indonesian and Malay? If you don't have time to add notes for where Malay is different, somebody else might do it.

 * Sure thing. --Roby Joehanes 21:55, 22 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I disagree. For one, I don't know where they differ, but also, they are different languages. Sure, there's a high degree of mutual understanding between speakers of the language, but they should be different books.

If the people writing the Malay one want to copy and paste this one with minor alterations then they can feel free, but they shouldn't be merged. Mr john 14:21, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I also disagree - they are significantly different. I think of it as being like someone from London and someone from Scotland speaking in a Scots-influenced English. (I'm not trying to say which is which - just that there's differences in accent and vocab). Note that Indonesian has a lot of Dutch words that don't occur in Malay, and Malay has more English influence. See the Wikipedia article Differences between Malay and Indonesian (and that could be linked from this Wikibook, rather than duplicating the work).

 * I like the idea, though, of having notes on where Malay differs, in the text or in a section at the end of the page; also of this book copying and modifying pages to and from Malay, where appropriate. Perhaps there could be a template used temporarily at the top of a Malay page, saying something like "This page has been copied from the Indonesian Wikibook, and may need further changes to reflect Malay usage." Or the reverse if copied from the Malay to the Indonesian Wikibook. --Singkong2005 01:30, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

How can I say it in Indonesian language?
How can I say " How was the school? " in Indonesian language?

thank you,

<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
It's probably too late and I can't tell when you made the edit because you didn't sign your post, but it's bagaimana sekolahnya? although, due to Indonesian's lack of tenses this could mean "how is the school?" as well. Mr john 14:21, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

This is a good book
Thank you for this nice project. -- 22:40, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

Thank you

Just a thought
I feel that the "ahli" section of this page concentrate too much on "bahasa gaul" instead of the formal and more advanced "Bahasa Indonesia." It should include a more complex vocabulary than those in the "beginner section" Thanks

I agree, but I would like to think that my particular area of expertise is "bahasa gaul" so that's what I wrote lessons on. It's not concentrated on "bahasa gaul" for any reason other than no one else has written any lessons for it yet. It's a work in progress. If you have specific requests for lessons then post them here and I'll see what I can do. Thanks, Mr john 08:48, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

Advanced vocab
I've been doing a web search for an advanced vocabulary list with no luck. Does anyone know a good link? Such a link would also be useful as an "external link" or "additional resource" for an "advanced" page in this Wikibook.

Memorising lists of words suits my style of learning (I use mnemonics - but of course I also need to back it up with practice).

I'm at the stage where I can read a newspaper or book without too much difficulty, but there's still a few words per article or page that I don't understand. Making my own lists as I go works okay, but a ready made vocab list would be more efficient. Memorising words from a dictionary is probably going to give me a lot of rarely used words (and all of them starting with "A"...!)

For the moment though, I do appreciate the pages on informal use from Mr John. --Singkong2005 01:55, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I found a site with some tips on mnemonics - but only two, and at a very basic level. Teacher Resource - Penyelamatan binatang

The tips, on one of the linked PDFs, are:
 * Many students mix up the numbers 4 and 6 (empat and enam) - but maybe remembering that you 'pat' a dog which has four legs will help.
 * How can you remember the meanings of kanan and kiri (right and left)? Perhaps simply that kanan and right both have five letters; and kiri and left both have four.
 * These could be rewritten and included in a mnemonics page, e.g. Indonesian/Mnemonics - I don't know a good translation for mnemonics, unless we use cara penghafalan or cara menghafalkan kata. --Singkong2005 04:20, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm starting a page here: Indonesian/Adding vocabulary with word association - it probably needs a better name, and it's very basic, but it's a start. --Singkong2005 05:28, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for the compliments, I'm glad the articles are of interest. If you have any other areas of slang you'd like articles on, let me know. On the subject of vocab lists, I'm not sure how useful they are without the context of an article... If you find an online article that you think is a good example (that we're allowed to use) I'd be happy to list the difficult and interesting words, provide some commentary on the article and maybe have some comprehension questions at the end... Would that be more useful than just having parallel translations?Mr john 08:17, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Can we use other free (as in beer) sites as part of a curriculum?
A page on the above Tasmanian Department of Education site, Learning Objects, has some free, useful resources for beginners & high school students. (Graphics based, with very slow, clear pronunciation... rather formal (Kalau bepergian?? I never heard the word bepergian in 2 years in Indo - only pergi), but that's standard for Indonesian lessons in Australia, I find.)

Resources like these which are free (as in beer) but not open-source are good for giving inspiration - no controversy, I think. I think they are also good for linking from the modules, and even using as part of the curriculum - at least until we have developed better resources here. This would consist of linking from a Wikibooks page, not replicating or infringeing copyright in any way.

Would this conflict with Wikibooks policies? --Singkong2005 04:20, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I asked this at the the Staff lounge and it seems that Wikiversity encourages this practice, and there doesn't seem to be a policy against it in Wikibooks (perhaps making it clear that that we're not endorsing the external link). --Singkong2005 05:03, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Audiobook (Pimsleur?)
This wikibook is a great effort to provide instructional tools in learning Bahasa Indonesia. It would be great if there is an accompanying audio instruction.

Recently I've been using Pimsleur methods to learn spanish, and I find it very good. If anyone is an expert in liguistic and language instructional methods, and is interested in doing Pimsleur audio on Indonesian language, I'd be delighted to help to read out the phrases, since I'm an indonesian native speaker. However, I can't be the one who organize and edit the audio because I don't have experience in language teaching methods. Besides, I think "pimsleur method" itself is not copyrighted (am I correct) although there are pimsleur branded instructional recordings released by Simon and Schuster. Hence I'd think it's possible to replicate the method and record our own instructional recordings in order to make language instruction more accessible (currently the Simon and Schuster Pimsleur is really expensive!).

Chaerani 01:41, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Childrens' songs
I like this section. I'm glad to see the wikibook has progressed since I last looked at it. I'll add a few songs soon. As far as I know most childrens' songs are open source. It could be interesting to add some popular songs and comment on the lyrics there, but I'm not sure if we'd be violating copyright... Does anyone want to weigh in on this?

Incidentally, I have no idea how to add audio to these pages... If someone does work out how to do it I could record some of the childrens' songs on guitar and post them...  I'd rather not sing them though if someone wants to go a wikollaboration. Mr john 08:17, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * There are some good recording guidelines for the Spoken Wikipedia that you can look at. Then just upload to Wikimedia Commons or Wikibooks using the "Upload file" link in the Toolbox on the sidebar (must be logged in). Have a look at Chinese/Lesson_1 to see how I linked to audio from within the lessons. I wouldn't worry of you can only provide the guitar. Using Audacity it's easy to splice audio together, so someone could add their singing voice later on. - Everlong 10:19, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

history of indonesia & indonesian leaders
In 1602 the Dutch established the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and became the dominant European power. Following bankruptcy, the VOC was formally dissolved in 1800, and the government of the Netherlands established the Dutch East Indies as a nationalized colony.

For most of the colonial period, Dutch control over these territories was tenuous; only in the early 20th century did Dutch dominance extend to what was to become Indonesia's current boundaries. The Japanese invasion and subsequent occupation during WWII ended Dutch rule, and encouraged the previously suppressed Indonesian independence movement. Two days after the surrender of Japan in August 1945, Sukarno, an influential nationalist leader, declared independence and was appointed president. The Netherlands tried to reestablish their rule, and a bitter armed and diplomatic struggle ended in December 1949, when in the face of international pressure, the Dutch formally recognized Indonesian independence.

Sukarno moved from democracy towards authoritarianism, and maintained his power base by balancing the opposing forces of the Military, Islam, and the Communist Party of Indonesia. An attempted coup on 30 September 1965 was countered by the army, who led a violent anti-communist purge, during which the PKI was blamed for the coup and effectively destroyed. At least half a million "communists" were slaughtered. The head of the military, General Suharto, out-manoeuvred the politically weakened Sukarno, and was formally appointed president in March 1968. Official President Sukarno was deposed & placed under home arrest & surveillance until he died. Suharto's New Order administration was supported by the US government, and encouraged foreign investment in Indonesia, which was a major factor in the subsequent three decades of substantial economic growth.

Suharto knew what was going on but did not stop the slaughter of "communists" thus making him complicit in the killings. United States, UK, Australia were also complicit in the slaughter. CIA delivered all sorts of information to the communist killers because united states was afraid more asian countries will become communists during cold war era. Armed forces leaders like Sarwo Edhie Wibowo & death squad leaders like Anwar Congo, Adi Zulkadry, Safit Pardede thought they were killing the communists just for fun. In 2015, international tribunal (court) ruled that Indonesia as a country bears responsibility for the slaughter.

In 1997 and 1998, however, Indonesia was the country hardest hit by the East Asian Financial Crisis.This increased popular discontent with the New Order and led to popular protests. Suharto resigned on 21 May 1998. In 1999, East Timor voted to secede from Indonesia, after a twenty-five-year occupation, which was marked by international condemnation of repression and human rights abuses. The Reformasi era following Suharto's resignation, has led to a strengthening of democratic processes, including a regional autonomy program, and the first direct presidential election in 2004. Political and economic instability, social unrest, corruption, and terrorism have slowed progress. Although relations among different religious and ethnic groups are largely harmonious, acute sectarian discontent and violence remain problems in some areas. A political settlement to an armed separatist conflict in Aceh was achieved in 2005.

title: Talk:Indonesian


text:
User:Setpalestinefree/sandbox

Setpalestinefree ('atlaquu sarahan filastin ) is the username for a popular roblox player "Setpalestinefree". This player is a pro arsenal player.

title: User:Setpalestinefree/sandbox


text:
Inosuke Hazama

Inosuke Hazama (14 November 1895 – 16 August 1977) was a Japanese painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

title: Inosuke Hazama


text:
formal grammar

Noun

 * 1)  A precise mathematical description of a formal language, consisting of terminal symbols, nonterminal symbols, a nonterminal symbol serving as start symbol, and a set of production rules that control the expansion of nonterminal symbols into strings consisting of both terminal and nonterminal symbols.

Meronyms

 * s

Translations

 * Serbo-Croatian: formalna gramatika

title: formal grammar


text:
differential geometry

Noun

 * 1)  The study of geometry, especially geometric structures on differentiable manifolds, using techniques from calculus, linear algebra and multilinear algebra.
 * 2) * 1945,, The Development of Mathematics, 2nd Edition, 1992 Republication, page 358,
 * projective differential geometries of the American and Italian schools do not seem to have attracted physicists.
 * 1) * 1962, I. M. James, The Mathematical Works of J. H. C. Whitehead, Volume 1: Differential Geometry, page 189,
 * The general theory of manifolds of class 2 is a sub-class of differential geometries, which contain the theory of affine connections, curvature and osculating sub-spaces.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: differentiaaligeometria
 * French:
 * German: Differentialgeometrie, Differenzialgeometrie
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Macedonian: диференција́лна геоме́трија
 * Polish: geometria różniczkowa
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: diferencijalna geometrija
 * Spanish: geometría diferencial

title: differential geometry


text:
Th-resa Bostick

Th-resa Bostick (born 1969) is an American professional female bodybuilder.

Amateur
At the 1999 NPC USA Championships, Bostick won the heavyweight class and overall and thus won her IFBB pro card.

Professional
Bostick won the heavyweight class during her pro-debut at the 2000 IFBB Jan Tana Classic.

Contest history

 * 1991 NPC Extravaganza - 6th (HW)
 * 1993 NPC Ohio South District - 1st (HW)
 * 1995 NPC Battle of Championship - 1st (HW and overall)
 * 1995 NPC Nationals - 3rd (HW)
 * 1996 NPC Nationals - 9th (HW)
 * 1998 NPC Nationals - 9th (HW)
 * 1998 IFBB North American Championships - 5th (HW)
 * 1999 Jan Tana Amateur Grand Prix - 1st (HW and overall)
 * 1999 NPC USA Championships - 1st (HW and overall)
 * 2000 IFBB Jan Tana Pro Classic - 1st (HW)
 * 2000 IFBB Ms. Olympia - 7th (HW)
 * 2001 IFBB Ms. International - 9th (HW)
 * 2007 IFBB Europa Supershow - 2nd (HW)

title: Th-resa Bostick


text:
List of Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles seasons

The Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles have completed 18 seasons in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) since their inaugural season in 2005. The team was formed to fill the void left in the Pacific League when the Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes and the Orix BlueWave merged into one team during the 2004 NPB realignment. Through 2022, they have played 2,545 regular season games, winning 1,150, losing 1,319, and tying 76 for a winning percentage of .466. The Eagles have also a combined record of 15–14–1 (.517) in post-season and Japan Series play. The team is based in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture.

Seasons
Statistics current through the 2022 season


text:
Petukhov Log

Petukhov Log (Петухов Лог) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Srostinsky Selsoviet, Yegoryevsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 115 as of 2013.

Geography
Petukhov Log is located 11 km north of Novoyegoryevskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Srosty and Novoyegoryevskoye are the nearest rural localities. Lakes Gorkoye and Gorkoye-Peresheyechnoye are located near the village.

title: Petukhov Log


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/anadolugazetesi.com

Links

 * anadolugazetesi.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 4 additions.


text:
Talk:Point Comfort, Texas

Untitled
Point Comfort is home to (at least) one quite large chemical plant, Formosa Plastics (ca 1800 employees, see: http://www.fpcusa.com/company/operations/point_comfort_tx.html ), which -according to NPR- is home for a massive hydrogen (!!) power plant (check http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=110997398 - click "power Plants", select "other" and look for the large dot in Point Comfort. Should this be added? --K-carsten (talk) 23:03, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Point Comfort, Texas


text:
Nowsara

Nowsara (, also Romanized as Nowsarā) is a village in Sarvelayat Rural District, Sarvelayat District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 189, in 49 families.

title: Nowsara


text:
Visual Basic

 * Navigation: Engineering and Technology » Computer Science » Computer Programming » Visual Basic

Visual Basic 6 is one of the world's most widely used programming languages. It takes an approach to computer programming called RAD, which emphasizes ease and speed of software development. Other popular programming languages such as C, C++, and Java are not necessarily so easy to create programs with, but they do tend to have other strengths. Many believe that VB6 is an ideal language for users who are new to programming, or users who previously used related languages such as QuickBASIC and wish to move to more advanced programming.

Prerequisites

 * Possession of a copy of Visual Basic 6 Retail edition (Learning edition will not suffice)
 * Understanding of basic computing concepts in Windows.
 * Completion of or concurrent enrollment in
 * Introduction to Programming
 * Introduction to Programming Logic
 * Introduction to Computer Science
 * College Algebra, Math for computer programming, or equivalent.
 * Willingness and determination to learn.

This course is an introductory course in the field of computer programming. It does not require any prior knowledge of practicing computer programming.

Course Description
This course is intended to teach you all aspects of computer programming with Visual Basic 6.

Note: Since this course is still under construction, so, you may find one of these tutorials more handy right now.

For help you may visit this IRC chat room: ... to be implemented ...

Pros and Cons of VB
Pros
 * Is extremely popular
 * Has a large base of freely accessible source code
 * Easy to learn. Logical operator names for the most part
 * Is an easy-to-use option for almost all user-land programs for Windows
 * It isn't nearly as easy to decompile or hack VB6 apps as C or C++ apps
 * Runs on every copy of Windows XP ever released, by default, as long as you don't add extra dependencies
 * Runs on every version of Windows, form Win95 to Win10 (last version).
 * Runs as fast as C, C++, etc. in most situations
 * Runs most things quicker than VB.NET

Cons
 * It is particularly malleable, therefore novice programmers can make many mistakes without realizing.

Introductory lectures

 * 1) /Introduction/ - Design a simple application =]
 * 2) /Variables and Types/ - store and manipulate values =]
 * 3) /Control Structures and Logical Expressions/ - If statements and do loops
 * 4) /Functions and Subroutines/ - Segment your programs =]
 * 5) /Basic Graphical User Interfaces/ - Intro to GUI.
 * 6) /Event-Driven Design/ - Event handling. =]

Intermediate lectures
None currently.

Advanced lectures

 * 1) /API Use/

Enrolled
Please sign below if you are participating in this topic. Use 4 tildes (~) to sign.

 * Wylie99998 02:06, 29 October 2006 (UTC) wylie99998
 * <IP_ADDRESS> 22:23, 19 June 2008 (UTC)rafael
 * Edgar Re Poe 06:03, 9 December 2009 (UTC)Edgar Re Poe
 * Whitehead1214 22:23, 10 May 2011 (CST)whitehead1214]]
 * Atawil 20:39, 3 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Jerambam (talk) 23:21, 9 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Trionymus Trionymus (discuss • contribs) 21:39, 23 February 2020 (UTC)
 * 4Chan (discuss • contribs) 05:31, 7 July 2024 (UTC)

Tools

 * Microsoft Office

title: Visual Basic


text:
Talk:Love Yourself: Her

Track listing
Source? Lee (talk) 23:15, 25 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Multiple sources on the page confirm the track listing, it's just not directly cited. It's been released already, so I really wouldn't see the need to cite the section directly at this point. Also, I was not sure about your change to the Chinese sales, but upon further inspection of the sources, combining them gives: 174,488 + 17,230 = 191,718.  Ss 112  23:50, 25 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Where did you get the production and writing credits from? That was my question. I need a good Source for the German Article. --Lee (talk) 17:52, 26 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I didn't add them, so I wouldn't know.  Ss 112  20:25, 26 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Ok, but still thank you. --Lee (talk) 21:12, 26 September 2017 (UTC)

Why not include streaming in the sales session?!
In all discography articles here in Wikipedia the total amount of sales are included, but why not here?! Love yourself should be listed with sales of 31,000, not only 18,000, according to the reliable source of Billboard website.--88marcus (talk) 22:35, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
 * No they aren't, and if you or other editors are using streaming-inclusive figures in columns on discographies that say Sales, you shouldn't be. Total units from Billboard now include streaming, and as I'm sure everybody is aware, streaming an album (often for free on the free version of Spotify) isn't equal to buying one.  Ss 112  23:50, 3 October 2017 (UTC)

I'm not saying to put here that the album has 1 billion streamings, but the equivalent albums are used as total sales here in Wikipedia. Most sources that says an album sold 6 millions copies in USA and was certified 6x platinum already includes the streaming sales, not only the digital+physical copies. The BTS album sold 8,000 in equivalent sales, that should be included in the total, not only 18,000.--88marcus (talk) 23:56, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
 * It doesn't matter how great the figure is, that's including streams, and streaming an album isn't equivalent to a sale. If we were reporting on a certification, that's a different thing, so I don't think that's comparable.  Ss 112  23:58, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
 * I think you're right abou that. I saw the Ariana Grande's Dangerous Woman case now...--88marcus (talk) 00:05, 4 October 2017 (UTC)

MIC Drop Remix
Should "MIC Drop" Remix version be counted as a single off this album when it's not even on it? Only the original version is.Ukiss2ne14lyfe (talk) 17:41, 6 December 2017 (UTC)

Non-rs
An editor has reverted the removal of a non-RS, self-published site, without editorial oversight, for no apparent reason. That is not ok. --2603:7000:2143:8500:94D2:447:CF44:F53 (talk) 00:37, 17 February 2021 (UTC)

 * I would suggest that the Showbiz411 ref be deleted, as Showbiz411 is not an RS, per USERGENERATED and WP:SELFPUB. --2603:7000:2143:8500:DDB2:A4E1:CCC1:91F3 (talk) 05:17, 20 February 2021 (UTC)

 * I have tagged the ref with the better source needed template and will try to locate a replacement in the meantime. -- Carlobunnie (talk) 01:23, 27 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Love Yourself: Her


text:
Organic Chemistry/Chirality/Enantiomers

Enantiomers
Main article: Chirality

In chemistry, two stereoisomers are said to be enantiomers if they are mirror images of each other. Much as a left and right hand are different but one is the mirror image of the other, enantiomers are stereoisomers whose molecules are nonsuperposable mirror images of each other.

<< Haloalkanes | Stereochemistry | Alcohols >>

title: Organic Chemistry/Chirality/Enantiomers


text:
Talk:聴

According to A Guide to Remembering Japanese Characters by Kenneth G Henshall, the character 聴 only contains 17 strokes. I have edited this page to reflect that.

 * In addition to different stroke order, Chinese also uses different stroke counts from Japanese for some characters. Cynewulf 16:46, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:聴


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/ISFJ

How to deal with an ISFJ
ISFJ's with a persistent guiding hand behind them can learn to like anything.

Fictional ISFJs

 * Alex Bailey (The Land of Stories)
 * Alfred Pennyworth (The Dark Knight Trilogy)
 * Ann Perkins (Parks and Recreation)
 * Baymax (Big Hero 6)
 * Bilbo Baggins (The Hobbit)
 * Brock (Pokémon)
 * C-3PO (Star Wars)
 * Catelyn Stark (Game of Thrones)
 * Clark Kent aka Superman (DC Comics)
 * Emily Fields (Pretty Little Liars)
 * Fear (Inside Out)
 * Groot (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
 * Hercules (Disney)
 * John Watson (Sherlock)
 * Luigi (Mario)
 * Marge Simpson (The Simpsons)
 * Melman (Madagascar)
 * Neville Longbottom (Harry Potter)
 * Phil Coulson (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
 * Phyllis Lapin (The Office)
 * Rory Gilmore (Gilmore Girls)
 * Samwise Gamgee (The Lord of the Rings)
 * Steve Rogers aka Captain America (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
 * Toriel (Undertale)

Web links

 * ISFJ on TypeLogic
 * ISFJ on PersonalityPage and ISFJ careers
 * ISFJ Profiles and Famous ISFJs on TypeTango
 * ISFJ Profile on PersonalityDesk

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/ISFJ


text:
User:Akademija Retarda

Akademija Retarda is a well known page on Instagram in Balkan region. It was created by two people: “Denis Hodžić”, 22 and “Veljko Peulić”, 23. Both of them live in Slovenia and are best friends. On 24. of June 2018, the page was created on Instagram as an entertainment page but later on, it reached more and more general interest into making brand under name Red-A. On 13. September of 2019 the first t-shirts, polo shirts and pens were created for the fans of the page.

title: User:Akademija Retarda