text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wes Farnsworth

The result was delete. Tone 16:31, 30 August 2020 (UTC)

Wes Farnsworth

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Fails WP:NGRIDIRON, has never played in a professional game. Of the sources in the article, Fansided isn't really reliable (basically a collection of team sports blogs), and the other two sources are just routine signing statements. is not significant coverage. Gets a total of two sentences of coverage at  is very brief. [https://denver.cbslocal.com/2020/07/20/denver-broncos-special-teams-brandon-mcmanus-2020-training-camp-preview/ is only two sentences. I'm not finding much coverage of his college career, either. Long snappers don't get much coverage, and Farnsworth doesn't seem to be an exception. Hog Farm Bacon 23:28, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Sportspeople-related deletion discussions. Hog Farm Bacon 23:28, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of American football-related deletion discussions. Hog Farm Bacon 23:28, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Nevada-related deletion discussions. Hog Farm Bacon 23:28, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Note to closer for soft deletion: This nomination has had limited participation and falls within the standards set for lack of quorum. There are no previous AfD discussions, undeletions, or current redirects and no previous PRODs have been located. This nomination may be eligible for soft deletion at the end of its 7-day listing. --Cewbot (talk) 00:03, 23 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Logs:

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Salvio 11:14, 23 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete a lack of truly substantive coverage at a level that would show notability.John Pack Lambert (talk) 15:40, 25 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete based on the article as it is written, it looks like there is no substantial coverage to pass WP:GNG nor any other notability measure I can find. There's a lot of "noise" among the search engines for fan blogs, transaction records, etc... but those are typically ignored for the purposes of establishing notability.  This means the article itself is really all I can go on, and it is lacking.  If an enthusiastic editor wishes to userfy or incubate, I would have no objection but also have low expectations.--Paul McDonald (talk) 15:00, 27 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Amanda Elzy High School

Who was Amanda? and more
Who was Amanda Elzy? Was she the youngest sister of singer Ruby Elzy, mentioned in this article? If anyone knows, please add this to the article. Thanks.

I created this stub in response to 's post on Jimbo's talk page, as a contribution to Black History Month. Unfortunately the school doesn't seem to have a website, nor the school district (well, there's a work-in-progress site, with "ipsem lorum" placefiller text, for the district).

I'm sure that those of you on the relevant side of the pond can find resources with which to expand and upgrade this article. And, please, tell us who Amanda was! Thanks. Pam D  17:06, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Success: "In the late 1940s she was one of the founders of Mississippi Valley State University, the first college for blacks in the Delta. In 1959 Leflore County dedicated Amanda Elzy High School in her honor" from a Googlebooks search for the school name (from a book about Ruby). Got to go out now, no time to work up the article, but I suspect that Amanda Elzy deserves her own article! Pam  D  18:30, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I think you should do that by all means,because frankly, all the biographical content here has nothing to do with the subject of this article, the school. It was named for her. Other than that she had no connection to it. Just out of curiosity, is "educationist" a British English term? In the US we'd say educator. John from Idegon (talk) 05:59, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * And five years later: Amanda Elzy is a freestanding article. Pam  D  08:25, 12 May 2020 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Amanda Elzy High School


text:
User:Deiv

DEIV
My name is David and I reside in Christiansburg, Virginia. I have a bachelors in Urban Studies from Virginia Commonwealth University and I am nearing completion of my Masters in Architecture at Virginia Tech. I have a lifelong love of learning and I believe deeply that knowledge should be freely shared with the world to help all rise from obscurity to be able to actively participate in a goodly future. I am interested in many subjects and hope to contribute what knowledge I have gained in my life to others.

For more information on myself or my career, visit my website at http://www.deiv.net

title: User:Deiv


text:
User:Tjakov

Hello!

Me!
Welcome to my userpage on wikiversity. I am a 20 year old student from Norway who currently live and study in Bergen. I very interested in television, movies, soccer, music and computer games.

My studies
I follow studies at: School:Computer Science School:Media Studies (There is not much currently at that school)

Database
Here is a database i made in the database topic in computer science:

Favorites database

title: User:Tjakov


text:
Linux Guide/Installing (advanced)

There are 4 ways of "installing" Linux:
 * 1) "no-install": a "Run-from-CD" LiveCD distribution. Everything runs from the CD and RAM, leaving the hard drive untouched -- completely avoiding the trickiest part of setting up Linux, "hard drive partitioning". After you take out the CD and reboot, everything is restored to the way it was before. (Many of these work just as well with USB flash drive as with CD)
 * 2) Linux on top of Windows: it's possible to keep windows applications running, and run Linux like any other application side-by-side with the Windows applications (this is an advantage compared to dual-booting, which shows either only Linux applications, or only Windows applications, and you have to reboot to get to the other one). andLinux, Portable Ubuntu, coLinux, Topologilinux, etc.
 * 3) There's a lot of information on setting up "Dual-boot" systems. This is not for beginners. (Experts generally don't do this either -- if they need 2 operating systems, they keep them on 2 physically separate hard drives, or better yet 2 physically separate computers).
 * 4) If you are certain there is nothing you want to keep on a computer's hard drive, you can completely erase the HD and install Linux only. This is the most fool-proof system -- Once the hard drive has been erased, the worst that can happen is erasing the hard drive again and having to start all over.
 * 5) This is rare now, but some distributions allow installation to any FAT32 partition even if it contains an installation of Windows. This just copies files containing the Linux and uses a Floppy or a Boot Loader to load. Wubi, etc.

Preliminary note
You most likely do not need to do this as it is integrated into the installers

Generally installers have excellent partitioning tools so this is all part of the install. If not, or if you are not installing it is easiest to use a live CD distro that has GParted on it, such as ubuntu. GParted does not support LVM volumes used on more complicated partitioning setups, however fedoras installer for example and debians can install and partition LVM volumes.

Hard way
To install Linux without erasing the contents of the hard drive requires a spare partition. One solution is to install an extra hard drive. However, one can also non-destructively resize an existing partition. A FAT-type volume can be resized with FIPS and an NTFS volume with ntfsresize. If using FIPS, the hard drive will need to be defragmented before the resizing, but defragmentation is a good idea no matter what the file system.

What size?
You would be hard-pressed to fit a normal desktop Linux system in under 2GB. It's advisable to give Linux more space than that, however, because many, many applications are available for free for Linux, and especially with a high-speed Internet connection, one is likely to install quite a lot of them.

You should plan on leaving at least 20% of each of your hard drive partitions free at all times -- modern file systems (such as NTFS, ext3 and ReiserFS) try to keep fragmentation low on their own, but they need extra space to do it with.

Easiest way
(NOTE: Most of this only applies if there is already a version of Microsoft Windows on the computer) The volume resizing is a safe process, but afterwards the hard drive must be repartitioned. An error here can destroy the data on the hard drive, so double-check all commands. A typical session with ntfsresize ("/dev/hda1" is the most likely name for the NTFS partition. In this case, it is 10 GB in size.):

paul@faust:/$ su Password: ''You must be root to run ntfsresize. Under Knoppix {what about other live CDs? Under Gentoo's LiveCD, you are already root, so the su will not prompt for a password. Anyone know about others? I'd assume no-password or already-root would cover most of them...}, you will not be asked for a password unless you had already set one.''

faust:/# umount /dev/hda1 ''This step is only needed if hda1 is already mounted, which is unlikely. However, if it is not needed, it will only give an error message and not do anything.''

faust:/# ntfsresize -i /dev/hda1 ntfsresize v1.9.0 NTFS volume version: 3.1 Cluster size      : 4096 bytes Current volume size:<PHONE_NUMBER>2 bytes (11000 MB) Current device size:<PHONE_NUMBER>4 bytes (11014 MB) Checking filesystem consistency ... 100.00 percent completed Accounting clusters ... Space in use      : 4197 MB (38.2%) Estimating smallest shrunken size supported ... File feature        Last used at      By inode $MFT              :      8223 MB             0 Multi-Record      :      3160 MB         14852 You might resize at<PHONE_NUMBER> bytes or 4197 MB (freeing 6803 MB). Please make a test run using both the -n and -s options before real resizing!

ntfsresize, version 1.90 and later, will automatically move files (including ones that the Windows defragmenter can't) in order to resize the partition, so defragmentation is not necessary before resizing (it might be easier to defragment while the partition is larger, though, so its a good opportunity).

''The next step does a test run of the resizing process. Here, the user decided to leave Windows with about 6GB of space.''

faust:/# ntfsresize -n -s 6000M /dev/hda1 ntfsresize v1.9.0 NTFS volume version: 3.1 Cluster size      : 4096 bytes Current volume size:<PHONE_NUMBER>2 bytes (11000 MB) Current device size:<PHONE_NUMBER>4 bytes (11014 MB) New volume size   :<PHONE_NUMBER> bytes (6000 MB) Checking filesystem consistency ... 100.00 percent completed Accounting clusters ... Space in use      : 4197 MB (38.2%) Needed relocations : 251614 (1031 MB) Schedule chkdsk for NTFS consistency check at Windows boot time ... Resetting $LogFile ... (this might take a while) Relocating needed data ... 100.00 percent completed Updating $BadClust file ... Updating $Bitmap file ... Updating Boot record ... The read-only test run ended successfully.

''Now, write down the exact number of megabytes passed on the command line here (in this case, 6000). (The file system will probably not be resized to the exact size you specify, but ignore that — use what you entered.) You will need to resize the partition to the same size later.''

''Run ntfsresize with the same parameters, except leaving out the -n. This resizes the ntfs filesystem, but not the partition.''

''Splitting the partition is the only remaining task. Be sure to give it the hard drive (like "/dev/hda") as a parameter, rather than the partition ("/dev/hda1").''

faust:/# cfdisk /dev/hda ''If you don't have cfdisk, use fdisk instead. It has a less friendly interface, but it has exactly the same commands. Either way, no changes are made to the disk until you tell the program to (w)rite out the new partition table. If you accidentally write out the wrong partition structure, you should be able to save your data by replacing it with the correct one before doing anything to the affected partitions.''

You need to
 * delete the current NTFS partition (this does not destroy the data on it)
 * (N.B. In the highly unlikely event that there was unpartitioned space before the NTFS partition, you need to create a partition filling it up. This is false -- you can create a partition beginning anywhere on the disk. You just need to write down what the starting cylinder was.)
 * create a new partition with the same size you passed to ntfsresize earlier at the beginning of the unpartitioned space that was created.
 * leave the remainder as free space. It will be filled with Linux's partitions, but some decisions need to be made first.

Partition recommendations

 * 5 GB
 * Minimum 3 MB per kernel, recommended 100 MB.
 * It's recommended if you have multiple HDDs, most BIOSes don't like loading kernels from disk different than the one on which bootloader resides on.
 * swap partition or file = twice RAM size (Rule of thumb)
 * Using old linux kernels, swap partitions were faster than swap files; that's no longer the case.
 * Whatever remains
 * This is where the bulk of your data will reside, you will want lots of room
 * It is a very good idea to avoid having  and   on one partition, if you're into that sort of thing, you know.
 * Whatever remains
 * This is where the bulk of your data will reside, you will want lots of room
 * It is a very good idea to avoid having  and   on one partition, if you're into that sort of thing, you know.

Note: If you're an advanced user and want to have few Linux systems installed side-by-side, or different file systems for experimenting, configuring Logical Volume Manager may be a good idea.

More:
 * The Linux Installation HOWTO: Creating partitions for Linux
 * http://en.tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/index.html
 * http://www.gnu.org/software/parted/
 * All About Linux Installation

title: Linux Guide/Installing (advanced)


text:
Buxton baronets

There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Buxton, one in the Baronetage of Great Britain and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. One creation is extinct while the other is extant.

The Buxton Baronetcy, of Shadwell Lodge in the County of Norfolk, was created in the Baronetage of Great Britain on 25 November 1800 for Robert Buxton. The Norfolk Buxtons are thought to have taken their name from the Norfolk village of that name and to have descended from Robert Buxton MP (1533–1607), an attorney in the service of Thomas, Duke of Norfolk. The first Baronet was the grandson of John Buxton who designed and built Shadwell Lodge at Rushford, Norfolk. He was member of parliament for Thetford 1790–96 and for Great Bedwyn 1797–1806. His son, the second Baronet represented Great Bedwyn 1818–32 and served as High Sheriff of Norfolk in 1841. His son, the third Baronet, was member for South Norfolk 1871–85 and High Sheriff in 1870. The baronetcy became extinct on his death in 1888. His daughter sold the estates in 1898.

The Buxton Baronetcy, of Belfield in the County of Dorset, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 30 July 1840 for the brewer, Liberal politician, anti-slavery campaigner, philanthropist, and social reformer Thomas Buxton. His eldest son Edward, the second Baronet, represented Essex South and Norfolk East in Parliament. His son Thomas, the third Baronet, was Governor of South Australia between 1895 and 1899.

Three other members of the family have been elevated to the peerage. Sydney Buxton, 1st Earl Buxton was the son of Charles Buxton, third son of the first Baronet. Noel Noel-Buxton, 1st Baron Noel-Buxton was the second son of the third Baronet. Aubrey Buxton, Baron Buxton of Alsa, was the son Leland William Wilberforce Buxton (1884–1967), youngest son of the third Baronet.

Buxton baronets, of Shadwell Lodge (1800)

 * Sir Robert John Buxton, 1st Baronet (1753–1839)
 * Sir John Jacob Buxton, 2nd Baronet (1788–1842)
 * Sir Robert Jacob Buxton, 3rd Baronet (1829–1888)

Buxton baronets, of Belfield (1840)

 * Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, 1st Baronet (1786–1845)
 * Sir Edward North Buxton, 2nd Baronet (1812–1858)
 * Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, 3rd Baronet, GCMG (1837–1915)
 * Sir Thomas Fowell Victor Buxton, 4th Baronet (1865–1919)
 * Sir Thomas Buxton, 5th Baronet (1889–1945)
 * Sir Thomas Fowell Victor Buxton, 6th Baronet (1925–1996)
 * Sir Jocelyn Charles Roden Buxton, 7th Baronet (1924–2014)
 * Sir Crispin Charles Gerard Buxton, 8th Baronet (born 1958)

The heir presumptive is the present holder's second cousin, Jonathan Buxton (born 1950)

title: Buxton baronets


text:
Talk:particular

There's no plural noun
noun (plural par·tic·u·lars) 1. item: an individual fact, item, or detail (often used in the plural) complete in every particular Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 Unlike a plural noun such as leathers, plural noun the protective leather jacket, pants, boots, and gloves worn by motorcyclists Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 --Backinstadiums (talk) 10:39, 5 February 2020 (UTC)

 * I don't see the problem. Our entry looks OK to me. Has both singular and plural. Equinox ◑ 14:04, 5 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:particular


text:
Talk:Diego Tardelli

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Diego Tardelli. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100515030023/http://www.cbf.com.br/php/noticias.php?e=29&n=11190 to http://www.cbf.com.br/php/noticias.php?e=29&n=11190

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:05, 12 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Diego Tardelli. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.qfa.com.qa/al-gharafa-rally-to-3-3-draw-with-al-hilal-of-ksa-.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131010122414/http://br.esporteinterativo.yahoo.com/noticias/tardelli-mostra-surpresa-ser-lembrado-230010976--sow.html to http://br.esporteinterativo.yahoo.com/noticias/tardelli-mostra-surpresa-ser-lembrado-230010976--sow.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090429002713/http://futpedia.globo.com/jogadores/diego-tardelli to http://futpedia.globo.com/jogadores/diego-tardelli
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110416234729/http://www.fc-anji.ru/users/31/ to http://www.fc-anji.ru/users/31/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090624012730/http://www.galodigital.com.br/enciclopedia/index.php/Diego_Tardelli_Martins to http://www.galodigital.com.br/enciclopedia/index.php/Diego_Tardelli_Martins

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title: Talk:Diego Tardelli


text:
Category:Wikiversity guidelines

This is a category of suggested guidelines that people should follow while editing at the Wikipedia

ru:Категория:Правила

title: Category:Wikiversity guidelines


text:
Template talk:Campaignbox Second Intifada

Unnamed section
Perhaps someone proficient in templates could merge this with Arab-Israeli conflict 2002?  Tewfik Talk 01:03, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Wasn't this over a logn time ago?
There is a lot of info in this template outside of the conflict known as the second intifadah. Why? It seem the template is being misused or its usage changed. Thanks!--Cerejota (talk) 12:31, 29 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Which items exactly are you referring to? -- Nudve (talk) 15:13, 29 December 2008 (UTC)


text:
Algebra/Factoring Polynomials

=Formulas= Computing factors of polynomials requires knowledge of different formulas and some experience to find out which formula to be applied. Below, we give some important formulas:

$${x^2-y^2=(x+y)(x-y)}$$

$${x^2+2xy+y^2=(x+y)^2}$$

$${x^2-2xy+y^2=(x-y)^2}$$

$${x^3-y^3=(x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2)}$$

$${x^3+y^3=(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)}$$

$${a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc)}$$

Examples
:$${a(a + b)}$$

$${x^2+3x+2}$$ $${ x^2 + y^2 = 2xy }$$ $${x(x + 1) + 2(x + 1)}$$ $${(x + 1)(x + 2)}$$

:$${(a^2 - 2ax) + (2ax - 4x^2)}$$ :$${a(a - 2x) + 2x(a - 2x)}$$ :$${(a - 2x)(a + 2x)}$$

$${x^3+8y^3}$$ $${(x^3 - 2x^2y + 4xy^2) + (2x^2y - 4xy^2 + 8y^3)}$$ $${x(x^2 - 2xy + 4y^2) + 2y(x^2 - 2xy + 4y^2)}$$ $${(x^2 - 2xy + 4y^2)(x + 2y)}$$ $${(x + 2y)(x^2 - 2xy + 4y^2)}$$

:$${(x^3 + 4x^2 - 5x) - (2x^2 + 8x - 10)}$$ :$${x(x^2 + 4x - 5) - 2(x^2 + 4x - 5)}$$ :$${(x^2 + 4x - 5)(x - 2)}$$ :$${(x - 2)(x^2 + 4x - 5)}$$ :$${(x - 2)[(x^2 - x) + (5x - 5)]}$$ :$${(x - 2)[x(x - 1) + 5(x - 1)]}$$ :$${(x - 2)(x - 1)(x + 5)}$$

$${3x^4 - 3x^3 - 2x^2 - x - 1}$$ $${(3x^4 - 3x^3 - 3x^2) + (x^2 - x - 1)}$$ $${3x^2(x^2 - x - 1) + 1(x^2 - x - 1)}$$ $${(x^2 - x - 1)(3x^2 + 1)}$$

:$${(x^4 + 4x^2 + 4) - 4x^2}$$ :$${(x^2 + 2)^2 - (2x)^2}$$ :$${(x^2 + 2x + 2)(x^2 - 2x + 2)}$$

(name thorem)

write out the coefficients and if the end is equal to zero, than it is a root

example: $${9x^2 - 6x + 9}$$

$${4r^2 - 12 + 9^2}$$

= Possible Factors =

To factor we must first look for possible factors. Possible factors are any number that might be a factor. Once we have a possible factor then we divide that number into the number we are factoring. If they divide evenly then we have a factor! The factor is the possible factor we found and the result of the division problem. Here is an example. Let's say the number we are factoring is 20. 2 is the possible factor. 20 / 2 = 10. They divide evenly which means we have a factor. The factors are 2 (the possible factor), and 10 (the result of the division problem). Now that we have a factor we start over with a new possible factor and find all of the factors.

Examples
Factor 12

First find all the possible factors

The possible factors are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12

Next we will try them one by one

12/1 = 12 (1 and 12 are factors)

12/2 = 6 (2 and 6 are factors)

12/3 = 4 (3 and 4 are factors)

12/4 = 3 (we already have the factors 3 and 4)

Once we get a factor we already have then we know we have all the factors.

So the factors for 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12.

Factor 54

First find all the possible factors

The possible factors are {1, 2, 3 ... 52, 53, 54}

Do not worry this is not as much work as it seems!

54/1 = 54   (1 and 54 are factors)

54/2 = 27   (2 and 27 are factors)

54/3 = 18   (3 and 18 are factors)

54/4 = 13r2 (4 is not a factor)

54/5 = 10r4 (5 is not a factor)

54/6 = 9    (6 and 9 are factors)

54/7 = 7r5  (7 is not a factor)

54/8 = 6r6  (8 is not a factor)

54/9 = 6    (we already have the factors 9 and 6)

So the factors for 54 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27, and 54

Factor 180

First find all the possible factors

The possible factors are {1, 2, 3 ... 178, 179, 180}

Do not worry this is not as much work as it seems!

180/1 = 180   (1 and 180 are factors)

180/2 = 90    (2 and 90 are factors)

180/3 = 60    (3 and 60 are factors)

180/4 = 45    (4 and 45 are factors)

180/5 = 36    (5 and 36 are factors)

180/6 = 30    (6 and 30 are factors)

180/7 = 25r5  (7 is not a factor)

180/8 = 22r4  (8 is not a factor)

180/9 = 20    (9 and 20 are factors)

180/10 = 18   (10 and 18 are factors)

180/11 = 16r4 (11 is not a factor)

180/12 = 15   (12 and 15 are factors)

180/13 = 13r11 (13 is not a factor)

180/14 = 12r12 (14 is not a factor)

180/15 = 12   (we already have the factors 15 and 12)

So the factors for 180 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 30, 36, 45, 60, 90, and 180.

= Dividing polynomials =

The process of factoring will require dividing polynomials. This form of division is not too different from long division method, and is known as synthetic division.

Consider the polynomial x3 - 21x2 + 143x - 315. In this case, determining factors may require trial and error (until you learn of alternate techniques), and when you do, you will need to divide the polynomial with the discovered factor.

In this example, we will divide by (x-5). The full division starts like this:

1x -5 | 1x^3 -21x^2 +143x - 315

As with long division, you need to find the number used for subtraction and place it on top - in this case, you need to make sure the left-most term becomes zero. Next, multiply the newly added top-most term with the left hand side to get the amount to subtract, and perform the subtraction.

1x^2 1x -5 | 1x^3 -21x^2 +143x - 315 1x^3  -5x^2 -16x^2 +143x - 315

Repeat until the division is complete:

1x^2 -16x + 63 1x -5 | 1x^3 -21x^2 +143x - 315 1x^3  -5x^2 -16x^2 +143x - 315 -16x^2 + 80x -                       63x - 315 63x - 315 -                               0

(If there is a remainder at this point, place it as the numerator over the term being factored out.)

Some people may find writing the x3 and other variables to be bulky - if writing on pen and paper, they can be omitted as part of shorthand.

1 -16 + 63 1 -5 | 1 -21 +143 - 315        1  -5        -          -16 +143 - 315          -16 + 80          -                63 - 315                63 - 315                       0

In this case, factoring is straight forward since you can easily determine the number to use for the next step in division.

=See also=
 * Factoring polynomials - example of use

title: Algebra/Factoring Polynomials


text:
position paper

Noun

 * 1)  An essay or report which expresses a position, conclusion, or recommendation concerning a contested issue or undecided question and which usually contains arguments or reasons in support of this position.

Translations

 * Finnish:, ,
 * German: Grundsatzpapier, Positionspapier
 * Indonesian: kertas posisi
 * Irish: páipéar seasaimh
 * Italian:
 * Malay: kertas pendirian
 * Serbo-Croatian: dokument o službenom stavu

title: position paper


text:
Jules Pellechet

 Jules Antoine François Auguste Pellechet (13 October 1829 - 18 September 1903) was a French architect, notable for his designs for buildings in France, Italy, and the United Kingdom and as an architect in the artillery technical section of France's Ministry of War.

Life
Born in Paris to the architect Auguste Pellechet (1789-1871), he studied at the École polytechnique and the École des beaux-arts (class of 1850) in the studio of Abel Blouet. In 1869 he became a member of the société centrale des architectes français and in 1899 was made a Chevalier of the Légion d’honneur. He died in Paris. His daughter Marie began compilation of Catalogue général des incunables des bibliothèques publiques de France.

Paris

 * Hôtel de Sers, 41 avenue Pierre-Ier-de-Serbie.
 * Hôtel d'Essling, 8 rue Jean-Goujon, 1866.
 * Hôtel Menier, 4 avenue Ruysdaël, 1875.
 * Extension to the hôtel Grimod de La Reynière, rue Boissy-d'Anglas, 1889.
 * Hôtel de Barbentane, 30 quai de Billy (attributed)

Other

 * Central artillery store, ministry of war
 * Château du Plessis, Blanzy, 1872 (neo-Gothic modifications to the curtain walls, skylights, farmyard, unrealised design for the tour Magdeleine; all for the comte de Barbentane)
 * Châtaigneraie de Retz, Chambourcy, around 1880.
 * Bowes Museum, Barnard Castle, County Durham, United Kingdom, 1869-1871.
 * Villa Huffer, Via Nazionale, Rome, Italy, 1880-1883 (base of the Bank of Italy).

Works

 * Jules Pellechet, Lettres d'Italie : 1856-1857, publiées par Marie et Catherine Pellechet, Paris, 1894, II+202 p

title: Jules Pellechet


text:
Cookbook talk:Lamb

This module uses text adapted from the public domain US Department of Agriculture article ''[http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OA/pubs/focuslamb.htm FOCUS ON: LAMB. . . from Farm to Table]''.

I thought it seemed a bit strange that the second sentence referred to US spring lamb. I've removed "In the US, if the phrase Spring Lamb is on a meat label, it means the lamb was produced between March and October, but lamb is available all the time," since this is an international resource. Maybe it could be reintroduced as part of a more global description.

title: Cookbook talk:Lamb


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Method of continued fractions

The method of continued fractions is a method developed specifically for solution of integral equations of quantum scattering theory like Lippmann–Schwinger equation or Faddeev equations. It was invented by Horáček and Sasakawa in 1983. The goal of the method is to solve the integral equation
 * $$ |\psi\rangle = |\phi\rangle + G_0 V|\psi\rangle$$

iteratively and to construct convergent continued fraction for the T-matrix
 * $$ T= \langle \phi |V |\psi\rangle .$$

The method has two variants. In the first one (denoted as MCFV) we construct approximations of the potential energy operator $$V$$ in the form of separable function of rank 1, 2, 3 ... The second variant (MCFG method ) constructs the finite rank approximations to Green's operator. The approximations are constructed within Krylov subspace constructed from vector $$|\phi\rangle$$ with action of the operator $$A=G_0 V$$. The method can thus be understood as resummation of (in general divergent) Born series by Padé approximants. It is also closely related to Schwinger variational principle. In general the method requires similar amount of numerical work as calculation of terms of Born series, but it provides much faster convergence of the results.

Algorithm of MCFV
The derivation of the method proceeds as follows. First we introduce rank-one (separable) approximation to the potential
 * $$ V = \frac{V|\phi\rangle\langle\phi|V}{\langle\phi|V|\phi\rangle} + V_1 .$$

The integral equation for the rank-one part of potential is easily soluble. The full solution of the original problem can therefore be expressed as
 * $$ |\psi\rangle = |\phi\rangle + \frac{T}{\langle\phi|V|\phi\rangle}|\psi_1\rangle, \qquad T = \frac{\langle\phi|V|\phi\rangle^2}{\langle\phi|V|\phi\rangle-\langle\phi|V|\psi_1\rangle},$$

in terms of new function $$|\psi_1\rangle$$. This function is solution of modified Lippmann–Schwinger equation
 * $$ |\psi_1\rangle = |\phi_1\rangle + G_0 V_1|\psi_1\rangle, $$

with $$ |\phi_1\rangle = G_0 V|\phi\rangle. $$ The remainder potential term $$ V_1 $$ is transparent for incoming wave
 * $$ V_1|\phi\rangle = \langle\phi|V_1 =0, $$

i. e. it is weaker operator than the original one. The new problem thus obtained for $$ |\psi_1\rangle $$ is of the same form as the original one and we can repeat the procedure. This leads to recurrent relations
 * $$ V_i = V_{i-1}-\frac{V_{i-1}|\phi_{i-1}\rangle\langle\phi_{i-1}|V_{i-1}}{\langle\phi_{i-1}|V_{i-1}|\phi_{i-1}\rangle} $$
 * $$ |\phi_i\rangle = G_0 V_{i-1}|\phi_{i-1}\rangle . $$

It is possible to show that the T-matrix of the original problem can be expressed in the form of chain fraction
 * $$ T = \cfrac{\beta_0^2}{\beta_0-\gamma_1 - \cfrac{\beta_1^2}{\beta_1 - \gamma_2 - \cfrac{\beta_2^2}{\beta_2 - \gamma_3 - \ddots }}},$$

where we defined
 * $$ \beta_i = \langle\phi_{i-1}|V_{i-1}|\phi_{i-1}\rangle, \qquad \gamma_i = \langle\phi_{i-1}|V_{i-1}|\phi_{i}\rangle. $$

In practical calculation the infinite chain fraction is replaced by finite one assuming that
 * $$ \beta_N = \beta_{N+1}=\dots=0, \qquad \gamma_N = \gamma_{N+1}=\dots=0. $$

This is equivalent to assuming that the remainder solution
 * $$ |\psi_N\rangle = |\phi_N\rangle + G_0 V_N|\psi_N\rangle, $$

is negligible. This is plausible assumption, since the remainder potential $$ V_N $$ has all vectors $$|\phi_i\rangle, i=0,1,\ldots,N-1 $$ in its null space and it can be shown that this potential converges to zero and the chain fraction converges to the exact T-matrix.

Algorithm of MCFG
The second variant of the method construct the approximations to the Green's operator
 * $$ G_{i+1} = G_i-\frac{|\phi_{i+1}\rangle\langle\phi_{i+1}|}{\langle\phi_{i}|V|\phi_{i+1}\rangle}, $$

now with vectors
 * $$ |\phi_{i+1}\rangle=G_iV|\phi_i\rangle.$$

The chain fraction for T-matrix now also holds, with little bit different definition of coefficients $$\beta_i, \gamma_i$$.

Properties and relation to other methods
The expressions for the T-matrix resulting from both methods can be related to certain class of variational principles. In the case of first iteration of MCFV method we get the same result as from Schwinger variational principle with trial function $$ |\psi\rangle = |\phi\rangle$$. The higher iterations with N-terms in the continuous fraction reproduce exactly 2N terms (2N + 1) of Born series for the MCFV (or MCFG) method respectively. The method was tested on calculation of collisions of electrons from hydrogen atom in static-exchange approximation. In this case the method reproduces exact results for scattering cross-section on 6 significant digits in 4 iterations. It can also be shown that both methods reproduce exactly the solution of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation with the potential given by finite-rank operator. The number of iterations is then equal to the rank of the potential. The method has been successfully used for solution of problems in both nuclear and molecular physics.

title: Method of continued fractions


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kim Hawthorne

The result was keep. - Bobet 21:55, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Kim Hawthorne
appears to be an actress with fairly minor roles on 3 episodes of Dark Angel, 1 of sg1, and a starring role in 'Lucky Louis' and 'Along Came a Spider'. 1.78million Ghits, a lot of them to the obligatory movie-celeb sites but turn out to be not much more than dead ends. Not that notable, I think. Ohconfucius 10:54, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. If it can be verified that she's been on Twilight Zone, Outer Limits, SG1, etc. then I think she squeaks by. wikipediatrix 11:40, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep According to her IMDB entry she seems to have been on some well-known TV shows (I loved her charcter in Jeremiah) and films, albeit usually in minor roles Lurker  haver 12:59, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep. Minor but recurring roles on major-network TV series is, to me, a strong indicator of a real acting career. Meets notability in my book. That being said, article could use cleanup.--Pagana 16:41, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup per all above except nom. -- Kinu t /c  20:48, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * speedy close. AfD withdrawn Ohconfucius 03:54, 12 August 2006 (UTC)


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Khorramabad, Fazl

Khorramabad (, also Romanized as Khorramābād) is a village in Fazl Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 124, in 31 families.

title: Khorramabad, Fazl


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Penicillium coralligerum

Penicillium coralligerum is a species of the genus of Penicillium. It is a marine species sometimes referred to as a deep-sea fungus and in some languages named the equivalent of "deep-sea mold".

title: Penicillium coralligerum


text:
Jan de Visser

Jan de Visser (born 1 January 1968 in the Netherlands) is a Dutch retired footballer.

Honours
Feyenoord
 * Johan Cruyff Shield: 1999

title: Jan de Visser


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Talk:Conworld/Philosophy

Okay — after 4 paragraphs I'm rapidly running out of both inspiration and writing skill. Does someone want to help out in expanding this a bit? -- Ran 08:21, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

You need more on the general mindset of the CON-worlder. As a CON-worlder myself I see myself in a lot of what you wrote, but, as I said, it needs some work.--Akira417

title: Talk:Conworld/Philosophy


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variopinto

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) multicolored, varicolored
 * 2) pied
 * 1) pied

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) multicoloured, colorful
 * 2)  motley, varied, diverse, eclectic
 * 3) multifaceted
 * 1) multifaceted
 * 1) multifaceted
 * 1) multifaceted

title: variopinto


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Jean Joseph François Sahuguet Damarzit de Laroche

General of Division Jean Joseph François Léonard Sahuguet (12 October 1756, Brive-la-Gaillarde – 26 December 1802, Tobago) was a French general during the French Revolution.

He was born the son of François de Sahuguet d'Amarzit, seigneur de La Roche.

Service
He entered military service on April 30, 1773, as a musketeer in the 1st company (Grey Musketeers), and was promoted sous-lieutenant in 1776 and capitaine in 1778. During the revolution he was made in 1791 lieutenant-colonel of the 14th Dragoons. He was promoted Maréchal de camp on September 28, 1792 and served in the Army of the Western Pyrenees during 1793. where, in 1793, he annexed the Val d'Aran. In 1801 he commanded the troops which embarked with Admiral Ganteaume on his unsuccessful expedition to relieve the French troops stranded in Egypt.

Suspended and arrested during the Reign of Terror for being of noble birth, he was then reinstated and made a general of division on June 13, 1795. He actively participated in the Italian Campaign of 1796–1800, where he directed the blockade of Mantua and captured the strategic bridge at Governolo.

After the Peace of Amiens, he was responsible for retaking possession of the Caribbean island of Tobago as captain general (decree of 22 Prairial year 10) (June 11, 1802) from November 1802 to 1803. He died there of yellow fever.

He had married Marie Geneviève Eichmann in 1795 and had a daughter Camille.

Distinctions

 * He is one of the 660 peopleto have his or her name engraved under the Arc de Triomphe. It appears as "SAHUGUET" in the 34th column.


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Using GNOME/What is GNOME

GNOME is a graphical environment designed for the GNU/Linux Operating System, but also works on other platforms (see Supported Platforms). It is designed to be usable, accessible, free (see Free Software) and internationalized. For more on GNOME see about GNOME.

The word GNOME, which is pronounced "Guh-'nome", (as it's part of the GNU Project) is an acronym for GNU Object Model Environment, and is written in all capital letters.

Contents

 * 1) History of GNOME
 * 2) Differences between GNOME and other platforms
 * 3) Supported Platforms
 * 4) Installing GNOME

Back to contents page

title: Using GNOME/What is GNOME


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Talk:Emerging viruses, the concept

Ok, I see that someone made Emergent Viruses a redirect to Virus and you're trying to deal with that, but making the main article be "Emerging viruses, the concept" makes no sense.

I put the latest version of the content back in the Emergent Viruses article. I suggest you stick with editing that one, and if someone disagrees with the existence of that article, they should nominate it for deletion and a debate can be had to see if there can be an article on this at all. Unless they do so, assume it's ok to have an article on this, and use the article name which makes the most sense, that being Emergent Viruses or Emerging Viruses, you decide. --Xyzzyplugh 01:33, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Emerging viruses, the concept


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Lake Bisina

Lake Bisina, also known as Lake Salisbury and Lake Bisinia, is a freshwater lake in eastern Uganda. It is a satellite lake of Lake Kyoga, which it drains into, and the two are to some extent directly connected by papyrus swamps. During the high-water rainy season, Lake Bisina can be up to 6 m deep and often directly connects with the smaller Lake Opeta, but during the dry season the two are clearly separated.

Conservation and ecology
Lake Bisina is one of Uganda's 33 Important Bird Areas and since 2006 a Ramsar-listed wetland of international importance.

The lake is important for fish, notably several threatened haplochromine cichlids like Haplochromis orthostoma, H. argenteus (appears to have disappeared from its main range in Lake Victoria), H. latifasciatus, H. lividus, H. martini (appears to have disappeared from its main range in Lake Victoria), H. maxillaris, H. nubilus, H. parvidens, H. phytophagus and a number of undescribed species. Although Nile perch was introduced to Lake Bisina in the early 1970s, recent surveys have not detected this species, which has been implicated in the extinctions of many haplochromine cichlids elsewhere. A few tilapia species have also been introduced to Lake Bisina and they are still present, along with the native Singida and Victoria tilapias. Other, more widespread fish species found in Lake Bisina include marbled lungfish, and various species of catfish, African tetras and elephantfish.

title: Lake Bisina


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A Column of Fire

A Column of Fire is a 2017 novel by British author Ken Follett, first published on 12 September 2017. It is the third book in the Kingsbridge Series, and serves as a sequel to 1989's The Pillars of the Earth and 2007's World Without End.

Plot
Beginning in 1558, and continuing through 1605, the story chronicles the romance between Ned Willard and Margery Fitzgerald, as well as the political intrigue of the royal courts of England, France, and Scotland, and the oft-times violent conflict between supporters of the nascent Protestant Reformation and those supporting the Catholic Church’s Counter-Reformation in the late 16th century.

As depicted in the early chapters, the city of Kingsbridge is ruled by an oligarchy of rich merchants who sit on the city's council; the most powerful family holds the position of the city's mayor. The plot focuses on three families; each represents a major ideological division present in English society at the time. The Fitzgeralds are a staunchly Catholic family, which under the Catholic Queen Mary gives them an advantage over the others and the position of Mayor. They seek to upgrade their social position by a marrying into the titled aristocracy. At the opposite pole are the intransigently Puritan Cobleys, who secretly hold Protestant worship - a highly dangerous act under Catholic rule. Their strong religious principles do not, however, stop the Cobleys from resorting to occasional underhand tricks to cheat their competitors and employees, and dabbling in the new lucrative field of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. In between are the more pragmatic Willards - nominal Catholics under Mary, but who would turn Protestant once Elizabeth came to power.

In the book's early part, the dominant Fitzgeralds make use of their alliance with the ruthless Catholic Bishop Julian to hit at their rivals. They get Philbert Cobley burned as a heretic for conducting a Protestant service and drive the Willards virtually bankrupt by strictly enforcing anti-usury laws which are usually regarded as a legal fiction (since in fact all merchants take interest on loans). This forces Ned Willard to take service with Princess (later Queen) Elizabeth, rather than pursuing his family's traditional commercial activities - eventually ending up as the Queen's spymaster. Later on, with the Protestants gaining ascendancy, they take revenge on the Fitzgeralds, making their commercial activity dependent on renouncing the Catholic faith - thereby driving Rollo Fitzgerald out of business and into becoming an exile Catholic Priest and a mastermind of Catholic plots against Queen Elizabeth with pseudonym Jean Langlais.

With these two major viewpoint characters thrown out of Kingsbridge and into the wider scene, the book's focus changes. Unlike the two previous novels in this series, a large portion of the plot takes place outside the town of Kingsbridge, utilizing such far-flung settings as London, Paris, Seville, Geneva, Antwerp, Scotland and the Caribbean, and involving many major characters who have no direct connection with the town. In the later part of the book, Ned Willard's nephew Alfonso restores the Willard family fortunes by conducting projects designed by his grand-mother and becomes the new Mayor like his grand-father. However, to the end of the book the local affairs of Kingsbridge remain secondary to the greater political and religious struggles.

The later parts of the book focus on the deadly battle of wits between Catholic conspirator Rollo Fitzgerald, hatching sophisticated dangerous conspiracies, and Ned Willard, the Royal spymaster tasked with uncovering and foiling these conspiracies. In many ways this echoes, under 16th Century conditions, the themes of Follet's WWII spy thriller Eye of the Needle - which featured a similar struggle between German spy Henry Faber ("Die Nadel") and MI5 spy catcher Percival Godliman.

Historical events
The plot includes extensive depictions of several important historical events of the late 16th and early 17th centuries. Follett in general follows known historical facts, but altering them to the extent necessary for his fictional characters to play a significant role:

 * The death of King Henry II of France in a jousting accident - a traumatic event setting the stage for the decades-long French Wars of Religion.
 * The Massacre of Wassy on 1 March 1562, the first major event of those wars.
 * The escape of Mary, Queen of Scots, from imprisonment at Lochleven Castle (1568), described in great detail from the point of view of the fictional Alison McKay, to whom Follett attributed the part of various actual ladies in waiting and servants of Queen Mary. Alison McKay is depicted as afterwards strongly but vainly urging Mary not to take the decision to go to England - a fatal mistake which led to a much longer imprisonment which the loyal Alison shared up to the moment of Mary's execution.
 * St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (1572) in which Catholic mobs massacred thousands of Protestants in Paris. Conflicting interpretations of this catastrophic event were current at the time and are still debated among modern historians - some regarding the massacre as the unplanned culmination of escalating religious tensions, while others attributed it to a deliberate Machiavellian planning. In the latter case, the blame for planning the massacre is variously attributed to the Guise Family, leaders of the fanatic Catholic League, to King  Charles IX and his mother Catherine de Medici, or to both. Follett's account attributes to the book's main villain, Pierre Aumande - an intelligent, capable, and utterly ruthless man - the main responsibility for planning and initiating the massacre. He is depicted as manipulating the Guise Family, the King and his mother and the Mayor of Paris, getting the Paris militia mobilized on false pretexts and then made to start killing Protestants and making deadly use of meticulous lists of the names and addresses of Paris Protestants, which Aumande had compiled through previous years of systematic espionage. In all that, Aumande is shown as being motivated mainly by opportunism, seeking to bolster his position as the Guise Family's main adviser, and he also makes of use of the general massacre to sadistically settle some personal accounts. The protagonist Ned Willard and Sylvie, the French Protestant woman he loves, get only a belated warning of the impending massacre and are able to warn in time only a few of the threatened Protestants - at considerable risk to their own lives.
 * The Babington Plot (1587) in which Queen Elizabeth I's agents got hold of secret correspondence in which Mary, Queen of Scots explicitly assented to the conspirators' plan to kill the Protestant Queen Elizabeth and place the Catholic Mary on the throne - the evidence which led to Mary being executed for treason. Follett attributes to Ned Willard - working in the Queen's Secret Service as Francis Walsingham's deputy - the credit for having painstakingly uncovered the plot and intimidated Gilbert Gifford into becoming a double agent and delivering to the Queen's agents the letters sent to and by Mary. In actuality, Gifford was recruited by Walsingham himself.
 * Drake's raid on Cadiz in 1587 - emphasizing that as well as delaying the sailing of the Spanish Armada, the English raiders were motivated by seeking to loot Spanish ships (including Follet's viewpoint character, the sea captain Barney Willard).
 * The Spanish Armada (1588), by which King Philip II of Spain sought to conquer England. Follett attributes to Ned Willard two important contributions to the English victory. First, years earlier, Ned talks to his brother Barney, a seasoned English sailor whose ship had done well in a sea battle with a Spanish galleon off Hispaniola. Based on that experience, Barney believes that England should not seek to build galleons of its own, but rather create a navy composed of "smaller, more agile ships, which could dance around a galleon and rake it with cannon fire". Ned conveys this advice to the Queen, who acts on it - and builds the ships which would eventually defeat the Armada. Closer to the events, Ned Willard goes on a dangerous spying mission from Antwerp to Calais, to assess the Spanish strength. From his merchant cousin, based in Antwerp, Willard hears of the Hellburners, fireships employed against the Spanish during the recent Siege of Antwerp. On this basis, Willard advises the English commanders to load the cannons of the fireships sent into the port of Calais, so that even with no human crews they would start firing when the fire gets to them. This turns out to be very crucial, as otherwise the Spanish might have been able to tow the English fireships to burn harmlessly in the open sea. Without the fireships causing the Spanish ships to scatter and break formation, the outcome of the entire battle might have been different. As depicted in the story, neither Ned nor anyone else is aware of the crucial role his advice had in the English victory. Only the omniscient writer conveys it to the reader by shifting back and forth between the English and the Spanish points of view. In his depiction of the Armada, Follett clearly strives to be fair to both sides, several times emphasizing that both the English and the Spanish had courageous fighters and skilled sailors.
 * The Gunpowder Plot (1605), in which Catholic conspirators sought to blow up the English Parliament and kill in one blow the recently enthroned King James I, his sons Henry and Charles and all his principal ministers and advisers, and to use the resulting power vacuum to seize power. Follett attributes to the book's antagonist, the staunch Catholic Rollo Fitzgerald, the role of initiating the plot and recruiting Guy Fawkes to implement it. To Ned Willard is attributed the role of uncovering the conspiracy and averting it at the last moment. For dramatic purposes, Follett omits the historical fact that the gunpowder had undergone some deterioration and might not have exploded. As depicted in the book, it was completely combustible and the plot might well have been carried out, with drastic results for later English history, but for Willard discovering it in the very nick of time.

Characters
Point-of-View Characters
 * Ned Willard - The younger son of a prosperous Kingsbridge merchant family, a tolerant Protestant who desires no man should die for his faith.
 * Margery Fitzgerald - Daughter of the mayor of Kingsbridge, a Catholic with loyalties torn between her religion and her love for Ned Willard, with whom she shares common ideals.
 * Rollo Fitzgerald - Margery's elder brother, a hard-line Catholic. A relentless bully who views his family honor as more important than its individual members.
 * Pierre Aumande - An ambitious but low-born French Catholic con man. As the story moves forward, he is revealed to be progressively more sadistic and black-hearted.
 * Sylvie Palot - Daughter of a Parisian printer and bookseller, a zealous but tolerant Protestant. Full of courage, and a desire to change the world, she puts herself willingly in danger for the sake of her faith and her ideals.
 * Alison McKay - Lady-in-waiting and close childhood friend to Mary, Queen of Scots, a Catholic. Described as beautiful, and loyal to a fault, there is little she will not do for Mary's sake.
 * Barney Willard - Ned's elder brother, a merchant living with relatives in Spain, a tolerant Catholic. A devil-may-care, enterprising rogue, he lives for the thrill of adventure, the company of beautiful women, and the life of the sailor.
 * Ebrima Dabo - An enslaved West African man, in bondage to the Willards' Spanish relations, a nominal Catholic who secretly follows traditional Mandinka beliefs.

Prominently Featured Historical Figures
 * Mary Tudor, Queen of England - Elder half-sister of Elizabeth I, a hard-line Catholic (mentioned, but does not appear).
 * Philip II of Spain, King of Spain and King of England de jure uxoris - Husband of Mary Tudor, a hard-line Catholic (mentioned, but does not appear).
 * Elizabeth Tudor, Queen of England - Called Elizabeth I, a tolerant Protestant.
 * Tom Parry - Treasurer to Queen Elizabeth I.
 * Sir William Cecil - Advisor to Queen Elizabeth I.
 * Francis, Duke of Guise - Called Scarface, a celebrated French general, father of Henri I of Guise and uncle of Mary, Queen of Scots, a hard-line Catholic.
 * Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine - Spymaster, younger brother of Scarface and uncle of Mary, Queen of Scots, a hard-line Catholic.
 * Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland - A Catholic, briefly Queen Consort of France, niece of Scarface and Cardinal Charles, called Mary, Queen of Scots.
 * Francis II, King of France - Son of Henri II of France and Catherine de' Medici, first husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, a hard-line Catholic.
 * Catherine de' Medici - Queen Consort of France and Queen Regent during the reign of her son Charles, wife of Henri II, mother of Francis II, Charles IX, and Henri III, a tolerant Catholic.
 * Sir Francis Walsingham - Secretary and spymaster to Queen Elizabeth I.
 * Sir Francis Throckmorton - Conspirator against Queen Elizabeth I.
 * Sir Francis Drake - English fleet commander.
 * Henri, Duke of Guise - Leader of the French Catholic League, son of Scarface.
 * Charles IX, King of France - Son of Henri II of France and Catherine de' Medici, younger brother of Francis II.
 * Gaspard de Coligny - Admiral of France and Protestant leader, advisor of Charles IX.
 * Henri III, King of France - Son of Henri II of France and Catherine de' Medici, younger brother of Francis II and Charles IX.
 * Princess Margot, Princess of France - Daughter of Henri II of France and Catherine de' Medici, lover of Henri I, Duke of Guise, married to Henry of Navarre.
 * Henry of Navarre, Heir of Navarre Kingdom - Protestant, married to Princess Margot to deal peace between Catholics and Protestants.
 * Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury - Son of William, advisor and Secretary of State to Queen Elizabeth and King James.
 * James VI and I, King of Scotland, and later, of England - Son of Mary, Queen of Scots and Lord Darnley.
 * Guy Fawkes - A Catholic conspirator in the Gunpowder Plot.
 * Thomas Percy - A Catholic conspirator in the Gunpowder Plot.

Other Major Characters
 * Alice Willard - Mother of Ned and Barney, widow of the former mayor of Kingsbridge, a prosperous Kingsbridge merchant and tolerant Protestant.
 * Sir Reginald Fitzgerald - Father of Margery and Rollo, mayor of Kingsbridge, a vindictive Catholic.
 * Bart Shiring - Son of the Earl of Shiring, rival suitor for Margery's hand.
 * Swithin, Earl of Shiring - Father of Bart.
 * Bishop Julius of Kingsbridge - A hard-line Catholic who want buy to Sir Reginald Fitzgerald the Kingsbridge priory.
 * Philbert Cobley - A strict Protestant merchant of Kingsbridge who hold secret and forbidden Protestant worship.
 * Dan Cobley - Son of Philbert, a strict Protestant merchant of Kingsbridge.
 * Isabelle Palot - Mother of Sylvie, a Protestant.
 * Louise, Marchioness de Nîmes - A Protestant aristocrat, member of Sylvie's congregation.
 * Carlos Cruz - A merchant from Seville, cousin of the Willards, a tolerant Catholic.
 * Odette - Maidservant to Veronique de Guise, later wife of Pierre Aumande.
 * Nath - Maidservant working for Pierre Aumande, a Protestant.
 * Alain de Guise - Stepson of Pierre Aumande, a Protestant.
 * Bella - A mixed-race enterprising rum distiller on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola.
 * Alfonso Willard - Bella's son by Barney Willard, eventually taken to England and becoming Mayor of Kingsbridge.

Other Characters with spoilers
 * Bartlet Shiring - First son of Margery and officially Bart Shiring (in fact Swithin), Earl of Shiring after Bart.
 * Roger - Second son of Margery and officially Bart Shiring (in fact son of Ned), deputy of Kingsbridge and member of King privy council after Ned.
 * Donal Gloster - Former Philbert Cobley's employee who tries to seduce Ruth Cobley, Philbert Cobley's daughter. His failure made him alcoholic and manipulable.
 * Jonas Bacon - Captain of the Hawk, seized vessel in Calais by French which ruined Sir Reginald Fitzgerald then Alice Willard

Similarity with Winter of the World
A Column of Fire shares a major plot element with Follet's Winter of the World. Though set in respectively the 16th Century and the 20th, both novels have a rich commoner woman (Margery Fitzgerald in the one book, Daisy Peshkov in the other) marrying the scion of a titled English aristocratic family. In both books, the character finds herself trapped in a loveless and unhappy marriage, overshadowed by her husband's powerful autocratic father, and must try to make the best of it; starts a secret affair with a man she truly loves; and is able, after many tribulations, to escape the unhappy aristocratic marriage and happily marry her true love.

Reception
Bill Sheehan of The Washington Post summarizes the book by commenting: "Like its predecessors in the Kingsbridge series, “A Column of Fire” is absorbing, painlessly educational and a great deal of fun. Follett uses the tools of popular fiction to great effect in these books, illuminating a nation’s gradual progress toward modernity. The central theme of this latest book — the ongoing conflict between tolerance and fanaticism — lends both relevance and resonance to the slowly unfolding story of England’s past."

Musical adaptation
In 2019, a musical adaptation of A Column of Fire had its world premiere 1 March, 2019, at Bellevue Teatret in Klampenborg, Denmark. The musical was written by Thomas Høg, Lasse Aagaard, and Sune Svanekier, who had previously adapted Pillars of the Earth into a musical at Østre Gasværk Teater in 2016.

title: A Column of Fire


text:
Lorinda de Roulet

Lorinda "Linda" de Roulet (née Payson; born May 8, 1930) is an American philanthropist. She is a former president of the New York Mets of Major League Baseball, succeeding her mother, Joan Whitney Payson, in the role upon her mother's death in 1975, and serving until 1980, when her family sold the team to Doubleday & Company.

Early life
Lorinda de Roulet is the daughter of Joan Payson, the first owner of the New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB), and Charles Shipman Payson. Though christened "Lorinda", she prefers to be referred to as "Linda".

She graduated from Green Vale School in Glen Head, New York, and Ethel Walker School in Simsbury, Connecticut. She attended Wellesley College for three years.

Career
Joan Payson died in 1975. Charles Payson inherited his widow's stake in the team, but took little interest in baseball. As a result, de Roulet became the main representative for the Payson interests. She was elected team president of the Mets and named to its board of directors. She became the first woman to direct the day-to-day operations of a Major League baseball franchise. She succeeded M. Donald Grant as chair of the board when he was forced out in 1978.

Charles Payson sold the franchise to Doubleday & Company in 1980. At the time of the sale, de Roulet was succeeded as president by Fred Wilpon. De Roulet remains a fan of the team, attending games after the sale.

Personal life
In 1951, she married Vincent de Roulet. Her husband owned a printing business, and died in 1974. The couple had three children: De Roulet lives in Manhasset, New York.
 * Whitney de Roulet, who married Clark Lewis Bullock.
 * Bebe de Roulet
 * Daniel de Roulet, who worked in the Mets' front office during de Roulet's presidency.

Philanthropy
De Roulet founded the Patrina Foundation, which supports education and social services for women. She serves on the board of governors of New York Hospital and North Shore University Hospital, on which she is vice chairman of the board of trustees. She has sold artwork collected by her mother, including paintings by Pablo Picasso, donating the proceeds to charity.

title: Lorinda de Roulet


text:
Adaha

The Adaha was type of highlife that was played on flutes, fifes, and brass band drums which originated in Ghana in the 19th century and then spread across West Africa during the 1930s

History
The Adaha was a style of music played in the coastal areas by the Fante people in 1880s. The Adaha music of the Fante was the earliest documented syncopated style of brass band. European and West Indian soldiers taught Africans to read music and to play brass and woodwind instruments. The music of the colonial military brass bands evolved into Adaha highlife. The local African people created their own blend of brass band music from marches, polkas and nineteen century ballads. The Adaha music spread throughout the villages which made the people adapt to drums and call and response singing. It was centered in cities and towns such as Cape Coast and Elmina.

title: Adaha


text:
certiorari

Etymology
From the present passive infinitive of, from the words used at the beginning of these writs when they were written in Latin:.

Noun

 * 1)  A grant of the right of an appeal to be heard by an appellate court where that court has discretion to choose which appeals it will hear.
 * 2)  A grant of review of a government action by a court with discretion to make such a review.

Etymology
Form of the verb.

title: certiorari


text:
congedando

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) that is to be demobilized

Noun

 * 1) a serviceman who is to be demobilized

title: congedando


text:
Joe Ochman

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title: Joe Ochman