text:
Talk:Ashley Rindsberg

Deleted Paragraph under "Works"
Deleted the following paragraph because 1) it was not sourced, 2) NYT never, never "reported Poland invaded Germany" and 3) William Shire never wrote any such nonsense in his book.
 * The book was a response to Rindsberg learning from William L. Shirer’s The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich that, at the outset of World War II, the New York Times reported Poland invaded Germany.

Here is a link to the September 1, 1939 NYT headlines proving that NYT never "reported Poland invaded Germany" but did report Germany invaded Poland. BetsyRMadison (talk) 16:10, 17 May 2021 (UTC)

PAGE ]]) 21:04, 10 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Read beyond the headline (https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0901.html for those without a subscription): Berlin, Friday, Sept. 1--Charging that Germany had been attacked, Chancellor Hitler at 5:11 o'clock this morning issued a proclamation to the army declaring that from now on force will be met with force and calling on the armed forces "to fulfill their duty to the end.", and then the entire section under the sub-headline "Border Clashes Increase".
 * As to your claim that "William Shire never wrote any such nonsense in his book", I'll point you to the end of Chapter 16, in which he writes:
 * "The 'Polish attack' on Gleiwitz was used by Hitler in his speech to the Reichstag the next day and was cited as justification for the Nazi aggression by Ribbentrop, Weizsaecker and other members of the Foreign Office in their propaganda. The New York Times and other newspapers reported it, as well as similar incidents, in their issues of September 1, 1939. It remains only to be added that according to the testimony at Nuremberg of General Lahousen, of the Abwehr, all the S.S. men who wore Polish uniforms in the simulated attacks that evening were, as the General put it, 'put out of the way.'"
 * --Ahecht ([[User talk:Ahecht|TALK

title: Talk:Ashley Rindsberg


text:
Alois Spichtig

Alois Spichtig (25 March 1927, in Sachseln – 24 July 2014, in Sachseln) was a Swiss graphic artist and sculptor.

Early life and education
Spichtig was born in the hamlet Edisried and raised in Sachseln. In the father and grandfather's workshop, he learned how to use timber and completed an apprenticeship as a white cooper. He was a guest instructor at the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts and continued his education with a three-month stay in Paris. He began creating grave signs, first wooden and then stone in collaboration with a fellow sculptor.

Work
Spichtig worked on over 40 churches and chapels throughout Switzerland, artistically designing rooms, including 15 liturgical rooms in his home of Obwalden. Spichtig's work was strongly anchored to his home and was inspired by the Patron Saint Nicholas of Flüe. He was one of the initiators of the Museum Bruder Klaus Sachseln and designed the permanent exhibition shown from 1976 to 2011. From 1976 to 1992, he headed the museum. The highlight of this period was the exhibition "Nicholas of Flue" and included bringing 30 major Swiss artist to Obwalden.

Awards

 * 1996 Recognition Award of the Heinrich Federer Foundation
 * 2010 Obwaldner Culture Award

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Alois Spichtig


text:
Cookbook talk:Cream Cheese Wontons

Revision history from Cream Cheese Wontons

View (previous 50) (next 50) (20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500).

Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit

* (cur) (last). . 17:19, 23 Jun 2003. . Pookel (added recipe)

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Contents of en:Talk:Cream Cheese Wontons

Recipes? What's that about? Brooklyn Nellie 17:14, 1 Nov 2003 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Cream Cheese Wontons


text:
List of United States War Department Forms

Forms of the United States War Department, Office of the Chief of Ordnance, are handbooks, descriptions, instructions, that would later be called technical manuals (TM's): a technical description of a cannon, machine-gun, rifle, pistol, revolver, some wagons and trucks belonging to the artillery and ammunition, also some field manuals (FM's). The forms have their own numbers, at least through no. 2050.


text:
Waves/Fermat's Principle

Fermat's Principle
An alternate approach to geometrical optics can be developed from Fermat's principle. This principle states (in its simplest form) that light waves of a given frequency traverse the path between two points which takes the least time. The most obvious example of this is the passage of light through a homogeneous medium in which the speed of light doesn't change with position. In this case shortest time is equivalent to the shortest distance between the points, which, as we all know, is a straight line. Thus, Fermat's principle is consistent with light traveling in a straight line in a homogeneous medium. Fermat's principle can also be used to derive the laws of reflection and refraction. For instance, figure 3.10 shows a candidate ray for reflection in which the angles of incidence and reflection are not equal. The time required for the light to go from point A to point B is
 * $$ t = [ \{ h_1^2 + y^2 \}^{1/2} + \{ h_2^2 + (w - y)^2 \}^{1/2} ]/c $$ (4.12)

where $$c$$ is the speed of light. We find the minimum time by differentiating $$t$$ with respect to $$y$$ and setting the result to zero, with the result that
 * $$ \frac{y}{ \{ h_1^2 + y^2 \}^{1/2}} = \frac{w - y}{ \{ h_2^2 + (w - y)^2 \}^{1/2}} . $$ (4.13)

However, we note that the left side of this equation is simply $$\sin \theta_I$$, while the right side is $$\sin \theta_R$$, so that the minimum time condition reduces to $$\sin \theta_I = \sin \theta_R$$ or $$\theta _I = \theta _R$$, which is the law of reflection.

A similar analysis may be done to derive Snell's law of refraction. The speed of light in a medium with refractive index $$n$$ is $$c/n$$, where $$c$$ is its speed in a vacuum. Thus, the time required for light to go some distance in such a medium is $$n$$ times the time light takes to go the same distance in a vacuum. Referring to figure 3.11, the time required for light to go from A to B becomes
 * $$ t = [ \{ h_1^2 + y^2 \}^{1/2} + n \{ h_2^2 + (w - y)^2 \}^{1/2} ]/c . $$ (4.14)

This results in the condition
 * $$ \sin \theta_I = n \sin \theta_R $$ (4.15)

where $$\theta _R$$ is now the refracted angle. We recognize this result as Snell's law. Notice that the reflection case illustrates a point about Fermat's principle: The minimum time may actually be a local rather than a global minimum -- after all, in figure 3.10, the global minimum distance from A to B is still just a straight line between the two points! In fact, light starting from point A will reach point B by both routes -- the direct route and the reflected route.

Figure 3.13 illustrates a rather peculiar situation. Notice that all the rays from point O which intercept the lens end up at point I. This would seem to contradict Fermat's principle, in that only the minimum (or maximum) time trajectories should occur. However, a calculation shows that all the illustrated trajectories in this particular case take the same time. Thus, the light cannot choose one trajectory over another using Fermat's principle and all of the trajectories are equally favored. Note that this inference applies not to just any set of trajectories, but only those going from one focal point to another.

title: Waves/Fermat's Principle


text:
User:Dell3231/Books/dell

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title: User:Dell3231/Books/dell


text:
Talk:The Tower (tarot card)

Untitled
Perhaps there should be a spoiler warning for the trivia. Dumbledore 's death is very important to the story and placing this very crucial information about the plot without spoiler warning is quite bad. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:35, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Changed to "a major character". HTH, HAND. --Spudtater 13:40, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Do you think that's enough? For a person reading that chapter, it's still kind of revealing, cause there's a limited number of people on the tower, they could guess who it is. Well, I can't think of a better way to do it. But if you don't mind, I'll remove the link, since it leads directly to the character. If someone really wants to know who died, there are plenty of other sources. --Mithcoriel 18:40, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree that the spoiler is both revealing and actually unnecessary, as the sentence that follows it ("Events in this chapter force Harry to abandon...") is sufficient for explaining the connection between the chapter and the Tarot card (with the additional explanation that the chapter also takes place in a tower). <IP_ADDRESS> 10:16, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Okay, why was the spoiler added again? And not only the link, the name too! I'm removing it again. If someone disagrees, don't just edit it, talk here. --Mithcoriel (talk) 08:47, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Probably because Wikipedia permits spoilers. I disagree with the policy, but Wikipedia takes the stance that spoiler warnings are a form of censorship, apparently.  I think if it's not in a plot summary about the particular work/novel in question, however, it can be removed by anyone who thinks it's a problem.Levalley (talk) 20:45, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

Removal of Wikia external link
The Wikia external link was removed, with Point 9 of this guideline as the basis for this action. That wiki has had only 2 edits in the past 30 days, and therefore doesn't merit inclusion in Wikipedia. --JossBuckle Swami 22:28, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

Unverifiable and unbalanced content
The article is just personal opinions from an occult enthusiast about the nature and meaning of a particular tarot card. No peer reviewed books or journal articles are cited. No references or footnotes are given. When a new statement is added, the source needs to be cited, and the source needs to be verifiable, and reliable. Waite is not an unbiased, factual source on the history or evolution of tarot cards. The work can be cited properly, however: "Waite's opinion in his book The Pictorial Key to the Tarot ... etc"

The card in question has a history of over 500 years in European card games in which it is used as trump card (see Tarocchi). The article is unbalanced in that it only features the recent uses of the card for divination. This makes the article biased due to its recentism. Since the article ignores use of the card for game play in Europe and other parts of the world, it offers an anglo-american perspective that raises NPOV issues. There are academic sources and sources from international organizations discussing the history and evolution of the "Tower" card (known variously in Tarot history as The Fire, The Lightening, The Thunderbolt, The House of the Devil (or the Damned) as well as its use in games. These need to be utilized. - Parsa 07:12, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

9/11 in The Tower
I was just wondering if it is possible to cite the events of September 11th, 2001 as an event that parallels and matches The Tower struck by lightning? I don't think it would require too many sources to justify this addition since if you were to compare The Tower card with the Twin Towers with smoke then it would make much sense?

--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:42, 12 April 2008 (UTC)User:Xinyu
 * On the one hand, I agree that the Tower, also known as the Tower Shattered, can be interpreted as the World Trade Center. However, unless a published source provides that comparison, a statement to that effect would be original research.  Robert McClenon (talk) 19:17, 18 October 2013 (UTC)

Copyediting
Whatever else may be wrong with this article, if anything, I believe it reads smoothly now. Contact me on my talk page if more help is wanted copyediting.Levalley (talk) 20:45, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

Removing Tag
A POV tag was inserted on this page in April 2013. However, the neutrality concerns were not addressed here. I have removed the tag. If the tagger will explain the concerns, I will leave the tag until it is discussed. Robert McClenon (talk) 19:15, 18 October 2013 (UTC)

Visconti-Sforza
The article claims the Visconti-Sforza does not contain a tower card, and that's true because the card is missing (along with The Devil card). The way the article is written sounds like the card wasn't intended to be in that deck, but it was. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:52, 28 February 2018 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:The Fool (Tarot card) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 13:32, 11 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Tower (tarot card)


text:
Talk:Cryptography/Introduction

Ist usage of the word 'Cryptography' occured in 1658 in Sir Thomas Browne's 'The Garden of Cyrus. ..quote ....'WE might abate the strange CRYPTOGRAPHY of Gaffarel in his Starrie Booke of heaven'.

Cryptanalysis Classes
Four classes of cryptanalysis;

A) Ciphertext-only. Only the ciphertext is known and the key and/or message must be found from this.

B) Known plaintext. The ciphertext and part of the message is known.  The key and/or the rest of the message must be found from this.

C) Chosen plaintext. The analysist can chose the plaintext to encrypt.  The key must be found from this.

D) Chosen ciphertext. Public key ciphers only, the analysist can chose the ciphertext to decrypt.  The key must be found from this.

Backup of some prior segments
While this could be left to page history, for now I'll leave some bits here so that people can see what major chunks were lifted out and replaced. wikipedia:User:PolyGnome

Prior intro, part 1
Cryptography is generally understood to be the study of the principles and techniques by which information is converted into an encrypted version that is difficult (ideally, impossible) for any unauthorized person to convert to the original information, while still allowing the intended reader to do so. In fact, cryptography covers rather more than merely encryption and decryption. It is, in practice, a specialized branch of information theory with substantial additions from other branches of mathematics. And perspective and approaches, because of the inherent conflict between those authorized, and those not, to see the information / interfere in the exchange / pretend to be other than they are / etc, from such sources as Machiavelli, Sun Tzu, and Karl von Clausewitz.

Unsurprisingly, the study of hiding the meaning of messages from others by encrypting them has been accompanied by the study of how to read such messages when one is not the intended receiver; this area of study is called cryptanalysis. People involved in such work, and with cryptography in general, are known as cryptographers (or for some of those in the other lexigraphic school, cryptologists).

The original unencrypted information being sent from one person (or organization) to another is usually called the plaintext. Encryption is the process of converting the plaintext into some unreadable form (ideally one undistinguisable from random gibberish), and decryption converts this back to the plaintext. Encryption includes two major classes of technique: encoding (yielding codetext) and enciphering (yielding ciphertext). The exact operation of the encryption and decryption, for all schemes with any pretense to security, is controlled by one or more keys.

My intent with the introduction is to try to cover the basic understanding and texture of cryptography without bogging down the reader. Although it will obviously have to be refined after the other modules have been completed. wikipedia:User:PolyGnome

Just a note
Would it be possible to cite a couple books on cryptography? There are several good ones, and I think it's a good idea to refer to something a little more concrete.

Interesting Typos
I discovered some interesting typos, such as "Bprivately" and the like, I don't know why they were there, but it reads better now, I also changed "cypher" in the body to "cipher", to match the introduction

Tyler.szabo 01:54, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cryptography/Introduction


text:
Talk:TDS

What happened to BMW's TDS, which up till now I'm not sure what it stands for? I always thought it was "TURBO DIESEL SYSTEM".

What does 'TDS' mean?
"We talk TDS to the thing." May be this means 'to do simply'. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:34, 7 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:TDS


text:
An Uncommon King

An Uncommon King is a 2011 72-minute HD documentary film directed by award-winning documentary and television producer Johanna J. Lunn. It records the life of Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche, son of meditation master Chögyam Trungpa and leader of the Shambhala Buddhist lineage and Shambhala International, a global community with over 200 meditation centers.

Synopsis
Through original and archival footage and interviews, the film follows Mipham Rinpoche from a young child living in a Tibetan refugee camp in India to his move to the West to being empowered as a Sakyong or “Earth Protector." The film captures Mipham Rinpoche on retreat in India and at work promoting his books and building a school in Tibet. It also captures personal moments, including Rinpoche at home in Nova Scotia, running marathons, recording music, and proposing to his Tibetan princess bride, Khandro Tseyang Ripa Mukpo.

"This biography is about the establishment of the lineage of Sakyongs," says director Johanna J. Lunn. "Where Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche comes from and what his life purpose is. It’s a father–son story, it’s a story about wisdom passing from East to West. Above all it’s a story about basic goodness. It’s a living story that is unfolding all the time."

Production
An Uncommon King is an English-language film shot over 17 years in 12 different countries, including Tibet, India, China, Europe and North America. Produced by award-winning director Johanna J. Lunn and cinematographer James Hoagland, starring Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche.

title: An Uncommon King


text:
Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg

Magnus I of Saxe-Lauenburg (1 January 1470 – 1 August 1543) was a Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg from the House of Ascania.

Life
Magnus was born in Ratzeburg, the second son of John V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg and Dorothea of Brandenburg, daughter of Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg.

In 1481 John V redeemed Saxe-Lauenburg's exclave Land of Hadeln, which had been pawned to Hamburg as security for a credit of 3,000 Rhenish guilders since 1407. John V then made his son and heir apparent, Magnus, vicegerent of Hadeln, and finally regent as of 1498.

Vicegerent and regent of the Land of Hadeln
In 1484 Magnus, who aimed at increasing his local revenues, had reached out to conquer the rich neighbouring Land of Wursten, a de facto autonomous region of free Frisian peasants in a North Sea marsh at the Weser estuary, but he failed Magnus tried to justify his violent act with the pretence that Wursten used to be Saxon before the imperial deposition of Duke Henry the Lion and the carve-up of his Duchy of Saxony in 1180, which only brought Magnus' Ascanian dynasty to take the belittled dukedom. The Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, claiming Wursten for itself, was alarmed.

After becoming Regent Magnus planned a new conquest of Wursten. On 24 November 1498 Magnus allied with his father and Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg to conquer Wursten. Henry IV obliged to send 3,000 lansquenets, who should gain their payment by ravaging and plundering the free peasants of Wursten, once successfully subjected. Bremen's Prince-Archbishop Johann Rode had prepared for this, he and Hamburg's three burgomasters (upcoming, presiding, and outgoing), Johannes Huge, Hermen Langenbeck and Henning Buring had concluded a defensive alliance on 16 November. Hamburg feared for its exclave Ritzebüttel, its military outpost at the Outer Elbe to defend the free access to Hamburg via Elbe, thus the city became the driving force in preparing everything for Magnus' eventual attack.

Rode appealed at the burghers of Bremen, Hamburg and Stade, which considered the areas downstream the rivers Elbe and Weser their own front yard existential for their free maritime trade connections, so the three cities supported Rode, who further won the Ditmarsians, free peasants under Bremen's loose overlordship. On 1 May Rode gathered representatives of the Land of Wursten, of the cities of Hamburg and Bremen and they concluded a defensive alliance in favour of Wursten in case of another invasion by John XIV of Oldenburg, who had conquered westerly neighbouring Butjadingen in April with the help of the Black Guard.

Wursten was thus threatened by Oldenburg from the west and by Magnus from the east. In order to avoid war on two fronts Rode tried to ease the relation with Magnus, but in vain. On 1 August Rode, Bremen's cathedral chapter, more prelates from the prince-archbishopric, as well as the cities of Bremen, Buxtehude, Hamburg, and Stade concluded a war alliance to supply 1,300 warriors and equipment to defend Wursten and / or invade Hadeln, while all members of Bremian ministerialis and nobility abstained. Many a member of ministerialis and nobility rather sided with Magnus. Finally on 9 September 1499 Rode waged feud against John V and Magnus. The allied forces easily conquered the Land of Hadeln, defeating Magnus and even driving him out of Hadeln.

By 20 November 1499 Magnus hired the so-called Great or Black Guard of ruthless and violent Dutch and East Frisian mercenaries, commanded by Thomas Slentz, prior operating in Oldenburg. Their invasion into the prince-archbishopric was repelled at Bremen, however, upstream they succeeded to cross the Weser in the neighbouring Prince-Bishopric of Verden near Verden city by the end of November, ravaging the prince-bishopric, especially looting and robbing the monasteries, heading northeastwards towards Lüneburg-Celle. Having crossed the latter's border the Guard turned westwards into the Bremian prince-archbishopric, by-passing the fortified Buxtehude and Stade, leaving behind a wake of devastation on the countryside and in the monasteries (, Neukloster, both localities of today's Buxtehude, Himmelpforten Convent).

Since prince-archiepiscopal forces secured Vörde the Guard circumvented them southerly, not sparing Zeven. Finally on Christmas Eve arriving downstream the Weser in Lehe the Black Guard tried to invade Wursten, however, the free peasants there repelled their attack near Weddewarden on 26 December. So the Guard turned northeastwards, looting Neuenwalde Nunnery underways, into Hadeln, recapturing it for Magnus in early 1500. For the Hadelers, however, this invasion meant no less man slaughter, looting and incendiary than for the rural population in the prince-archbishopric.

By early December Rode turned for help to Duke Henry IV the Elder, who was actually allied with Magnus. In return Rode had to offer appointing Henry's 12-year-old son Christopher as his coadjutor, a position usually (as coadiutor cum iure succedendi), and in this case indeed, entailing the succession to the respective see. This exactly accomplished Henry's own expansionist ambitions, so he changed sides, dropped the alliance with Magnus and John V in order to militarily support the prince-archbishopric.

Henry IV the Elder and his troops were now hunting the Black Guard. Magnus, unable to pay the mercenaries so that they turned even the more oppressive for Hadeln's population, was like the Sorcerer's Apprentice, who could not get rid of "the spirits that he called". By mid-January 1500 King John of Denmark finally hired the Guard and guaranteed for its safe conduct to his Holstein. King John employed the Black Guard in order to subject Ditmarsh. It were the Ditmarsians then, who destroyed the Black Guard utterly in the Battle of Hemmingstedt on 17 February 1500 and thus King John's dream of subjecting them.

Magnus conflict with Bremen was solved through the mediation of Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg and Henry IV with the latter's son Coadjutor Christopher (Prince-Archbishop of Bremen as of 1511). So Rode and Magnus had concluded peace on 20 January 1500. Hadeln was restored to Magnus, while the Wursteners rendered homage to Rode on 18 August, who in return had confirmed their autonomy, thus in fact little had changed as compared with the status quo ante.

Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg proper
During the declining years of his father he governed the country and succeeded his father as the regnant Duke in 1507. The first years of his governing has been filled by various conflicts with the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen and its suffragan Prince-Bishopric of Ratzeburg. Through his marriage with Catherine in 1509 Magnus further intensified his ties with her father Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, his deserted former war ally.

Magnus was the first Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, who adopted a compliant position as to the dispute on the electoral privilege between Saxe-Lauenburg and Saxe-Wittenberg. He refrained from showing on his coat-of-arms on a sable and argent background the electoral swords (Kurschwerter) in gules. The electoral swords indicated the office as Imperial Arch-Marshal (Erzmarschall, Archimarescallus), pertaining to the privilege as prince-elector, besides the much more important right to elect the new emperor after the decease of the former.

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, enfeoffed Magnus with the Duchy of Saxony, Angria and Westphalia (so its official name, but colloquially Saxe-Lauenburg) and the pertaining regalia at the imperial diet in Augsburg on 12 November 1530. The imperial writ of feoffment emphasises, that Magnus had requested to be also enfeoffed with the Saxon electoral privilege, however, further explaining that this could not happen at that time "due to moving reasons". For Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, had already enfeoffed the House of Wettin with the Electorate of Saxony on 1 August 1425.

In 1531 Magnus introduced the Reformation in his duchy and became Lutheran, as did most of his subjects. Magnus died and was buried in Ratzeburg.

Family and children
He was married on 17–20 November 1509 with Catherine (1488 – 29 July 1563) in Wolfenbüttel, daughter of Duke Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and they had six children:
 * Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (1510 – 19 March 1581)
 * Dorothea (9 July 1511 – 7 October 1571), married on 29 October 1525 to King Christian III of Denmark
 * Catherine (24 September 1513 – 23 September 1535), married on 24 September 1531 to King Gustav I of Sweden
 * Clara (13 December 1518 – 27 March 1576), married on 29 September 1547 to Francis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of Gifhorn
 * Sophia (1521 – 13 May 1571), married on 1 January 1537 to Anthony I, Count of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst
 * Ursula (ca. 1523 – 31 December 1577, Minden), married on 14 May 1551 to Henry V, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

References and external links

 * Elke Freifrau von Boeselager, "Das Land Hadeln bis zum Beginn der frühen Neuzeit", in: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg und Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995), vol. III 'Neuzeit (2008)', (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), ISBN (vol. I) ISBN 978-3-9801919-7-5, (vol. II) ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2, (vol. III) ISBN 978-3-9801919-9-9, vol. II: pp. 321–388.
 * Karl Schleif, Regierung und Verwaltung des Erzstifts Bremen, Hamburg: no publ., 1972, (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vol. 1), zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1968.
 * Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995), vol. III 'Neuzeit (2008)', (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), ISBN (vol. I) ISBN 978-3-9801919-7-5, (vol. II) ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2, (vol. III) ISBN 978-3-9801919-9-9, vol. II: pp. 263–278.
 * Karl Schleif, Regierung und Verwaltung des Erzstifts Bremen, Hamburg: no publ., 1972, (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vol. 1), zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1968.
 * Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995), vol. III 'Neuzeit (2008)', (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), ISBN (vol. I) ISBN 978-3-9801919-7-5, (vol. II) ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2, (vol. III) ISBN 978-3-9801919-9-9, vol. II: pp. 263–278.

title: Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg


text:
User:DrBorg/sandbox

Eugenics and Its Shadow: Edit Carrie Buck
(original) She died a month later at age eight of enteric colitis, an intestinal disease.

(edit) In June 1932, at the age of eight, Vivian contracted measles. She died from a secondary intestinal infection, enteric colitis.

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Treatments and Management
No cure currently exists for CTE. Patients with suspected CTE-related symptoms may receive non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments to improve their quality of life.

Negro project: Eugenic Controversy
There is controversy over whether the Negro Project was eugenic in nature. Eugenics, which is a discredited scientific movement, sought to advance the human race through selective reproduction, i.e. through promoting the reproduction of the genetically “fit” while impeding reproduction of those deemed genetically "inferior." Some scholars view the Negro Project as an attempt to suppress reproduction amongst blacks, who by eugenic standards were deemed genetically unfit for reproduction. Additionally, some scholars cite the involvement of fellow eugenicists such as Clarence J. Gamble, future president of the Pathfinder International, in the history of the project as evidence for its eugenic intent. Additionally, some of the language used in Sanger's proposals for the Negro Project is borrowed from African American social and political activist W.E.B. DuBois who himself was a eugenicist (through his promotion of concepts like the Talented Tenth and Racial Uplift) and advocate of birth control use within the black population. However, defenders of Sanger deny racial motivation in her desire to provide black Americans with access to contraception, asserting that quotes from Sanger are often misinterpreted as racist and her intentions misconstrued.

Though predominantly known for her leading role in the American birth control movement, Sanger was also dedicated to the American eugenics movement. The principal goal of eugenics, a movement founded on pseudo-scientific laws of genetic inheritance and determinism, was to the advance Sanger was a subscriber to eugenic ideology and advocated for the use of birth control as a means to advance the eugenic agenda, penning so in her 1921 article “The Eugenic Value of Birth Control Propaganda,” written for the Birth Control Review. As such, Sanger's motivation in creating the Negro Project is a topic of controversy and debate.

title: User:DrBorg/sandbox


text:
leisg

Adjective

 * 1) lazy, indolent, slothful
 * cho leisg ris a' chù - very lazy (idiom, literally "as lazy as the dog")
 * 1) loath, reluctant, unwilling

Noun

 * 1) laziness, sloth, slothfulness, indolence, inertia

title: leisg


text:
Portal talk:High school mathematics

Thanks for adding Algebra 1 In Simple English to your project! Please visit http://www.hstutorials.net/olpcmath.htm to see my plans for the student-user interface. I think the design of the student-user interface is absolutely critical to the success of this project, so my focus will be split between sheparding the textbook and working on the interface.--HSTutorials 18:32, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

I got a question I'm not really good in mathématics, particularly in algebra... If I got X / Y = X + (-(Y-1))(X/Y) and I want to divide the equation by X. Do I divide all the three Xs, or just one on each side? I don't know because I got one X in a parenthese... FenixEden 08:36, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

 * We should add this as an example at Wikibooks. You could first factor "x" out of the two terms on the right side of the equation and then only have to divide by "x" twice. --JWSchmidt 13:53, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

Wikibooks
There is a well-designed book, i think, on Polish Wikibooks - If there's something intresting for you, maybe we (for now, I) could try to translate it into (Simple) English.. --
 * Hello, thx for the offer. Very kind of you. But why not ask at (Simple) English Wikibooks ? Here at Wikiversity we are more interested in learning projects. Perhaps some here want to join you in the effort to translate (you could start a learning project here to translate that book and then it could be moved to Wikibooks) ? See also for more info about Wikiversity here. Erkan Yilmaz Wikiversity:Chat  16:44, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

Nation specific maths.
I'm a new user here, and I plan on creating a fairly big, lesson by lesson maths course based on A level specification maths(16-18 years). I've already drawn up drafts, and am planning to make some videos with commentary explaining some of the more difficult questions. I find that some of the terms used here are ambiguous between countries, and it would make these pages a much more friendly place for would be students to see exactly what they're looking for.

For example, if I was studying Mechanics in the UK, I wouldn't know where to go, but if there was a link saying "A level Maths", things would be much more clear.

However, I see that this has not been done already, and I wouldn't want to be seen as a new user ruining the order of things. Would any one be in favour of this?

So far, I have enough to cover the following topics: Mechanics 1, Statistics 1, Core 1, Decisions 1. --Ohara 23:34, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

Grammatical Concerns
I was confused by this passage:

"These are the topics which are normally taught in high school. It should tend to be inclusive. Topics which only presents in some curriculum and topics that are not normally taught at high school level but in which high school student are in capacity of learning should be put under supplementary materials."

In English it doesn't really make sense. I would have corrected it, but I wasn't entirely sure what its intention was.

--Kierkk 05:49, 22 January 2011 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:High school mathematics


text:
Vietnamese community in Paris

Paris is home to the oldest Overseas Vietnamese community in the Western world and is also one of the largest outside Vietnam. There are an estimated 70,000 people of Vietnamese descent within the city limits of Paris as of 2018, with the greater Île-de-France area home to another estimated 100,000. Both figures make the Paris metropolitan area host to one of the greatest concentrations of Vietnamese outside Vietnam. They contains Vietnamese born- people that living in Paris (France) or French born-citizens of partially or full Vietnamese descent.

In periods before 1975 several Vietnamese arrived in Paris, including intellectuals, those who worked as civil servants in colonial times, and those who came to Paris to study and did not return home. Ethnic Vietnamese arriving after 1975 became a part of an ethnic network established by those that came before them. Many Vietnamese achieved proficiency in the medical, scientific, and computer science fields.

History
The first Vietnamese settlers to France consisted of diplomats and officials of the Nguyễn dynasty following the establishment of political relations between Vietnam and France in the latter half of the 18th century. Following the colonization of Vietnam by France in 1862, Paris became a destination for Vietnamese students to study at the city's numerous educational institutions, as well as intellectuals and artists. Returners to Vietnam among this group of migrants would play significant roles in shaping Vietnam's political and social scene during the colonial era and up until the end of the Vietnam War.

During World War I, roughly 50,000 Vietnamese were recruited as soldiers or workers by France to help with the war effort in the ruling country. Following the conflict, a large number of these migrants opted to stay in France, with a majority settling in Paris and working as factory laborers or in service jobs. The presence of this group formed the first significant Asian community in Paris and France. A 1927 estimate counted about 3,000 Vietnamese in Paris, with a majority of students from southern Vietnam (Cochinchina) and a majority of workers from northern Vietnam (Tonkin).

The interwar period saw a continuation of Vietnamese students, intellectuals and expatriates arriving in Paris. A number of important figures in modern Vietnamese history would study, work or live in Paris during this era. For instance, Ho Chi Minh returned to France in 1919 after an earlier sojourn and studied politics in the city, where he also drafted works demanding greater civil rights for Vietnamese in the Indochina colony. Another major Vietnamese figurehead studying in Paris during this time was Bảo Đại, who would become the last emperor of Vietnam. Numerous others who would also later play major political roles in Vietnam also studied in Paris up to Vietnamese independence in 1954, including Phan Chu Trinh and Ngô Đình Nhu.

Paris was also a prime destination for Vietnamese artists and professionals. Major Vietnamese musicians, artists and intellectuals who expatriated to Paris or immigrated to the city from the 1920s to 1970s include: Phạm Duy, Lam Phương, Trần Văn Khê and Trần Thanh Vân, among others. By the 1930s, a number of professionals had created community organizations to help serve the Vietnamese community, including Vietnamese Chinese who chose to associate themselves with the Vietnamese population rather than with Chinese settlers from mainland China.

Following Vietnam's independence from France in 1954, the former colonial ruler was still an important destination for Vietnamese seeking educational and economic opportunities abroad. However, due to the partition of Vietnam and the isolationism imposed by the North, the vast majority of Vietnamese coming to France during this time were from the South. In 1964, in response to the significant number of Vietnamese students in Paris and lack of representation, the Association Générale des Etudiants Vietnamiens de Paris (AGEVP, General Association for Vietnamese Students of Paris) was founded as the oldest overseas Vietnamese youth association.

After the Fall of Saigon in 1975 and end of the Vietnam War, the majority of Vietnamese refugees to France were settled in Paris and the surrounding Île-de-France metropolitan region. The first wave of these refugees actually consisted of those who were exiled or evacuated shortly before the war ended, and consisted almost entirely of South Vietnamese politicians and their families, including Madame Nhu and Nguyễn Khánh. From this period and into the 1980s, the area of the 13th arrondissement developed into a Little Vietnam, with a commercial district and community institutions created to serve the new Vietnamese immigrants, along with expanded services provided by established organizations such as the AGEVP.

Demographics
As the Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques does not provide race and ethnicity in its census estimates, it is difficult to determine the precise number of French citizens of Vietnamese descent in France and Paris. As of 2018, estimates for the Vietnamese population in Paris place the number at about 70,000. Such a figure places Paris as one of the cities with the largest number of ethnic Vietnamese living outside Vietnam. Furthermore, an additional 100,000 ethnic Vietnamese are estimated to live around the Île-de-France area. This number also puts the region as having the largest number of ethnic Vietnamese in the world outside of Vietnam itself.

Meanwhile, a 2011 estimate counted over 30,000 Vietnamese in Paris who were either permanent French residents born in Vietnam or who were Vietnamese citizens.

Geographic distribution
Unlike other Asian communities in Paris, the Vietnamese community's well-established presence in the city has resulted in the majority of the community being scattered around the city and surrounding suburbs, rather than in ethnic enclaves such as the Chinese or North Africans. For the first decade or so after refugee arrivals began in 1975, the 13th arrondissement and specifically its Quartier Asiatique, was the hub of the Vietnamese community. However, the quick integration of the immigrants due to linguistic and cultural knowledge of the host country led to a suburbanization of the Vietnamese and a movement to wealthier areas of Paris, while still maintaining a significant commercial and cultural presence in the neighborhood.

Besides the 13th arrondissement, significant Vietnamese concentrations are also found in the 18th and 19th arrondissement of Paris. Numerous Vietnamese cultural institutions and Buddhist temples are also found in the 17th arrondissement. In regards to the suburbs of Paris, the communes of Ivry-sur-Seine, Lognes, Torcy, Bussy-Saint-Georges and Les Essarts-le-Roi contain the highest concentrations of Vietnamese in France, with a share of over 20% of each commune's population. Additionally, the commune of Évry is the site of the Khánh Anh Temple (Pagode Khánh-Anh), a Vietnamese Buddhist temple that is also the largest Buddhist place of worship in Europe.

Media
There are a small number of Vietnamese language media broadcasters and newspapers in Paris and the surrounding Île-de-France region, most notably Radio France Internationale, which broadcasts a station in Vietnamese.

Paris has not only played a major role in modern Vietnamese culture, but is also host or the origin city to the entertainment industry serving other overseas Vietnamese communities. The most notable overseas Vietnamese production, Thúy Nga, producer of the popular Vietnamese language variety program Paris by Night, was restructured and headquartered in Paris following its move from South Vietnam post-1975.

title: Vietnamese community in Paris


text:
John Morgan (Bishop of St Davids)

John Morgan (died 15 May 1504) was a medieval priest in England and Wales.

Morgan was educated at the University of Oxford, graduating LL.D. He was Dean of Windsor from 1484 to 1496; and Bishop of St Davids from 1496 until his death in 1504.

title: John Morgan (Bishop of St Davids)


text:
Filmmaking Basics/Thumbnail Storyboard

{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"

 * style="background-color: #ffffa0; border: 1px solid #777777; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 60px;" colspan="2" |

 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Thumbnail storyboards

 * Storyboards are important

 * In this lesson, you download a storyboard sheet and create very simple storyboards called "Thumbnail Storyboards".

 * In the next lesson, you create 3D storyboards using the free demo version of FrameForge Studio 3D.

 * Later, you turn your storyboards into a movie called an "animatic".

 * Keep it simple
 * You should be able to rough out these thumbnail storyboards in about 15 minutes.

 * Your goal
 * The only reason you are creating the thumbnail storyboards is to get ready to create the 3D storyboards. You do not have to impress me with your artwork.  Only the size and position of the head plus the direction of the eyes is important.

Note: If you spend more than 15 minutes, you are trying too hard.

 * style="width: 40%; background-color: cornsilk; border: 1px solid #777777;  -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 200px;" |

More details

 * The theory of thumbnail storyboarding

If you would like to know more about storyboarding, I have created more detailed instructions for you.

Most people do not need any instructions. Go for it!

 * }

{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 50%; background-color: #ff8; border: 3px solid #f77; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

[[Media:SBTDS Thumbnail Storyboard.pdf|Download!!!]]

The storyboards sheets

 * Storyboarding is much easier if you use a storyboard sheet. I have created two sheets for you.

 * The smaller frames are perfect for drawing quick thumbnails. The frames are a perfect size.

 * Kids ages 6 to 10 will prefer the large frames. The larger frames gives them more room to draw.

 * Download
 * Download and print the pdf storyboard file.

 * The direction of the eyes
 * Draw what you think the scene should look like.

 * The most important thing is the position of the head and the direction the eyes are pointing.

 * style="width: 25%; background-color: #ddd; border: 3px solid #778;  -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 200px;" |

Sample Storyboard

 * }

 June 12, 2008 -- Rick14 created this thumbnail storyboard. It is an excellent example of what your thumbnail storyboard should look like. Nothing fancy but a clear vision of the location of the actors and the direction of their eyes.

 June 17, 2008 -- Digitaldave80 created this thumbnail storyboard. It is an excellent example of what your thumbnail storyboard should look like. Nothing fancy but a clear vision of the location of the actors and the direction of their eyes.

Question

 * Study this storyboard carefully
 * Did the camera cross the line?

{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="background-color: LightYellow; border: 3px solid Gold; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 60px;" colspan="2" |

More Examples

 * This is correct thumbnail storyboards
 * This is examples of what your thumbnail storyboards should look like. You only want the size of the head, its location, and the direction of the eyes.  That is all!!!

Incorrect
The actors should never look at the camera.
 * }

{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="background-color: #eef; border: 3px solid #7777ff; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 60px;" colspan="2" |

Sending me your thumbnail storyboards

 * If you can, scan your completed storyboard sheet (72 or 75 dpi) and email it to me at r_elliott -at- innercite.com.  You will get 10 points.

 * If you cannot scan your completed sheet, let me know that you are finished and I will send you my mailing address. Clicking Here. [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|24px]]

 * Once you have created your thumbnail storyboards, you can begin the lesson on 3D Storyboarding. You must turn your thumbnail storyboard into a real storyboard frames.

 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 100%; background-color: LemonChiffon; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="2" |

The next lesson

 * If you have any problems, look at the special help pages listed above. Otherwise, you are done with this lesson

 * Once you have created your thumbnail storyboards and hopefully sent it to me, you can begin the lesson on 3D Storyboarding. [[Image:Crystal Clear action forward.png|24px]]

 * }

title: Filmmaking Basics/Thumbnail Storyboard


text:
John Doherty (New York politician)

John Doherty (January 16, 1826 in New York City – April 20, 1859 in Albany, New York) was an American politician from New York.

Life
He was the son of Patrick Doherty (1794–1849) who came from Ireland to New York City about 1811, and fought in the War of 1812. John Doherty studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1847, and commenced practice in New York City. After the death of his father, he abandoned the law and looked after his father's business instead.

He was an alderman (19th Ward) in 1852 and 1853.

He was a member of the New York State Senate (7th D.) in 1858 and 1859. He died on the day after the Legislature adjourned in April 1859. He never married.

title: John Doherty (New York politician)


text:
paliza

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  beating, bashing
 * 2)  rout, hammering, trouncing, beating the act of completely defeating an army or other enemy force, causing it to retreat in a disorganized manner; (by extension) in politics, sport, etc.: a convincing defeat
 * 1)  rout, hammering, trouncing, beating the act of completely defeating an army or other enemy force, causing it to retreat in a disorganized manner; (by extension) in politics, sport, etc.: a convincing defeat
 * 1)  rout, hammering, trouncing, beating the act of completely defeating an army or other enemy force, causing it to retreat in a disorganized manner; (by extension) in politics, sport, etc.: a convincing defeat
 * 1)  rout, hammering, trouncing, beating the act of completely defeating an army or other enemy force, causing it to retreat in a disorganized manner; (by extension) in politics, sport, etc.: a convincing defeat

title: paliza


text:
Aliabad-e Takeh

Aliabad-e Takeh (, also Romanized as ‘Alīābād-e Taḵeh; also known as ‘Alīābād) is a village in Rivand Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 20, in 5 families.

title: Aliabad-e Takeh


text:
Talk:Arshag Chobanian

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title: Talk:Arshag Chobanian


text:
User:Wru1988/sandbox

= Al Sulaimi =

The city of Al Sulaimi is located in Ghazalah Governorate, south of Hail. The geographical coordinates are Longitude 41°21′E, Latitude 26°17′N. The city is 80 km away from the city of Hail, and 80 km from the city of Ghazala. The city contains more than 80 villages in its vicinity.

Natural Characteristics
The city of Sulaimi is located approximately 900-1100 meters above sea level. The city contains areas with dry wells and arable soil. The city of Sulaimi es within low areas and is surrounded by mountains from the north, west and south.

title: User:Wru1988/sandbox


text:
Talk:David Newell

Documentary
In the event that the documentary amounts to anything, here's a link. Rklawton 22:12, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

Small Film Roles
The summary states that he was in several small film roles, but no citation is given and his IMDB page contradicts this. Does someone have a citation? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:58, 8 August 2011 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20071017204000/http://www.fci.org/newsletter/readnews.asp?ID=37&newsletterid=10 to http://www.fci.org/newsletter/readnews.asp?ID=37&newsletterID=10

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Requested move 2 July 2017

No consensus to move. bd2412 T 01:53, 17 July 2017 (UTC)

– Performer known under the name of a relatively minor supporting character he had been portraying on a long-running children's series, rather than for his own name. Does not seem to meet the criteria for WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. —Roman Spinner (talk)(contribs) 01:53, 2 July 2017 (UTC)
 * David Newell → David Newell (actor, born 1938)
 * David Newell (disambiguation) → David Newell

 * Support per nom. The other actor of the same name is more notable.  —  AjaxSmack  03:28, 2 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Pageviews indicate this actor is sought by readers by a factor of 45:1 over the other two articles.|David_Newell_(actor,_born_1905)|David_Newell_(judge)|David_Newell_(disambiguation) Only 0.5% of readers reaching this page bother to click on the hatnote for the dab page. Station1 (talk) 07:23, 5 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Comment. Every disambiguation page contains an entry which is visited more frequently than other entries on that dab page. If such most-frequently-visited entry were invariably raised to the level of WP:PRIMARYTOPIC, then just about every dab page would have a primary topic. Most dab pages, however, do not feature a primary topic because of a higher standard that attaches to a selection on this elevated level. Unlike such by-default primary topics as David Zimmer, which is the sole Wikipedia article that bears this name at the David Zimmer (disambiguation) page, the David Newell (disambiguation) page lists three other such-named subjects of Wikipedia articles, all of whom also lay claim to recognition. Even if the children's show character receives more views than the three other David Newells, there is no indication that his total number of views is indicative of sufficient interest on the part of users to justify his continued retention as the primary topic. —Roman Spinner (talk)(contribs) 08:10, 9 July 2017 (UTC)
 * It's a difference of opinion, but I think when one person gets at least 93% of the views, and the other three people get about 1% each, it does indicate sufficient interest on the part of users to justify primary topic status. Station1 (talk) 09:02, 9 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Obviously, a few additional opinions regarding this specific case would be helpful but, as a general example, if an individual who is already positioned as the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC receives, for instance, 6 views during a year while the other three individuals on that page receive none, the individual with 6 views can be said to have received 100% of all the views and thus has legitimacy to be the primary topic of that dab page. The number of total views, however, would suggest that the entire dab page does not have sufficient interest to users for it to select any primary topic. —Roman Spinner (talk)(contribs) 16:36, 9 July 2017 (UTC)
 * I agree completely that very small numbers make pageview analysis meaningless. There is a continuum where, as the total number of pageviews increases, the proportion of views needed to indicate primary use decreases. In this particular case, average daily usage of David Newell is around 166, while the others average 1 or 2. I think that combination of absolute and proportional usage is more than sufficient. Station1 (talk) 20:46, 9 July 2017 (UTC)
 * (As a counterexample to this RM, see Talk:Walnut Hills Cemetery, where a cemetery in Massachusetts gets 2-3 times the views of one in Cincinnati, but, averaging 3 views per day vs 1 per day, a primary topic is not obvious.) Station1 (talk) 21:46, 9 July 2017 (UTC)

 * Oppose per . Those page view figures are quite astounding. The judge and the other actor are only averaging two page views each per day? I think this is a very clear indication that the Mr McFeely actor is the primary topic. — Amakuru (talk) 09:59, 10 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Newell


text:
phagotrophic

Adjective

 * 1)  Feeding by engulfing a food cell or particle and ingesting it in a phagocytic vacuole, in the manner of some flagellates.

Coordinate terms

 * osmotrophic, phototrophic

Related terms

 * phagotroph

title: phagotrophic


text:
Moxey

Moxey may refer to:

People

 * Dean Moxey (born 1986), English professional footballer
 * Edward P. Moxey (1881–1943), American accountant
 * Eric Moxey (1894–1940), Royal Air Force officer
 * Ginger Moxey, Bahamian businesswoman and politician
 * Hugh Moxey (1909–1991), English actor
 * Jez Moxey (born 1963), football (soccer) executive
 * Jim Moxey (born 1953), Canadian ice hockey player
 * John Llewellyn Moxey (born 1925), Argentinian film and television director
 * Jonathan Moxey (born 1995), American football player
 * Osbourne Moxey (born 1978), Bahamian long jumper

Fiction

 * Albert Arthur Moxey, a character in the British TV series Auf Wiedersehen, Pet

title: Moxey


text:
Battle of the Echinades (322 BC)

The Battle of the Echinades was one of the naval battles of the Lamian War (323–322 BC), fought between the Macedonian navy under Cleitus the White and the Athenian navy.

Background
The Lamian War or Hellenic War was fought by a coalition of cities including Athens and the Aetolian League against Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC. The southern Greek city-states had never fully acquiesced to Macedonian hegemony, imposed through force of arms, but it was one of Alexander's last acts, the Exiles Decree of 324 BC that provoked open resentment, especially in Athens, where preparations for war began even before Alexander's death. The Exiles Decree stipulated the return of all exiles and the restoration of their citizenship and property, and was perceived as a direct violation of the city-states' autonomy by Alexander. To the Athenians in particular, the decree was anathema as it meant that the island of Samos, an Athenian possession since 366 BC and settled with Athenian cleruchs, was to be restored to the exiled Samians. Instead of complying with it, they arrested the arriving Samian oligarchs and sent them prisoner to Athens.

Although fallen from the height of its power during the Golden Age of Pericles in the 5th century, Athens still had extensive financial resources at its disposal and a fleet numbering 240 or perhaps even 400 warships. Following the news of Alexander's death, the Athenians played a leading role in assembling a league to fight for the restoration of the city-states' autonomy. The allies first defeated the pro-Macedonian Boeotians and then—aided by the defection of the Thessalian cavalry—the Macedonian viceroy of Greece, Antipater, forcing him to retreat to the fortified city of Lamia, where the allies laid siege to him. Antipater called for military and naval reinforcements from the rest of the Macedonian empire. As a result, while Antipater remained besieged in Lamia, a naval campaign was fought in the Aegean Sea between the Macedonians under Cleitus the White and the Athenians under Euetion, who initially attempted to stop the Macedonian reinforcements to cross from Asia Minor into Europe at the Hellespont.

Historical sources and localization of the battle
The two main sources on the naval battles of the Lamian War are Diodorus Siculus, and, to a lesser extent, Plutarch. Despite the decisive role of the naval battles in the war's outcome, the sources are brief and ambiguous as to the exact number and location of the naval battles fought. Diodorus Siculus (18.15.8–9) merely reports on the naval campaign that "Cleitus was in command of the Macedonian fleet, which numbered two hundred and forty. Engaging with the Athenian admiral Euetion he defeated him in two naval battles and destroyed a large number of the ships of the enemy near the islands that are called the Echinades". In addition, the Parian Marble, a chronicle inscribed on marble in Paros, refers to a battle near Amorgos, won by the Macedonians, while other inscriptions dated to ca. 320 BC refer to a battle at Abydos on the Hellespont.

It is unclear from Diodorus' statement whether there were two or three battles, which has led to several interpretations by modern researchers. The traditional reconstruction of events posits that there was a first battle at the Hellespont, per the inscriptions, that was won by the Macedonians, allowing their army to cross into Europe. This was followed by the Battle of Amorgos, and a third battle at the Echinades. An additional problem arises form the fact that the Echinades islands are in the Ionian Sea, off the western coast of Greece, which is incompatible with a war fought mainly in the Aegean Sea and along the eastern coast of Greece. Hence it has been suggested by T. Walek (Revue de Philologie 48, 1924, pp. 28ff.) that the islands in question were the Lichades in the Malian Gulf near Lamia, while J. S. Morrison (The Journal of Hellenic Studies 107, 1987, p. 95) suggested that the site of the battle was at the islets near Cape Echinus.

More recently, however, A. B. Bosworth suggested that Diodorus' passage did not summarize the entire naval campaign of the war, but referred to a separate naval theatre in the Ionian Sea, most likely against the Aetolians who claimed possession of Oiniades at the Acarnanian coast. Bosworth posited that the Athenians sent a fleet to aid the Aetolians, and that there were indeed two battles near the Echinades in spring 322, in which the Athenians were defeated. The Macedonian fleet then returned to the Aegean, where it confronted and defeated the last Athenian navy at Amorgos. This view has found increasing acceptance among scholars in recent works, although John R. Hale for instance retains the traditional chronology of the battles, placing Amorgos before the Echinades. Other historians, like Edward M. Anson, remain sceptical and prefer the traditional interpretation, locating the "Echinades" near the Malian Gulf and placing the battle after Amorgos as well.

Whatever the true location, Diodorus emphasizes the losses suffered by the Athenians at Echinades. Consequently, the scholars who place the battle after Amorgos regard it as the coup de grâce to the Athenian navy, which had survived Amorgos mostly unscathed.

Aftermath
The successive naval defeats, coupled with the arrival of Macedonian reinforcements and the defeat of the southern Greek allies at the Battle of Crannon on land, led the Athenians to seek peace. The terms saw the disenfranchisement and expulsion of 12,000 of the city's poorest citizens (the thetes) and the restriction of voting rights to the richer citizens, putting an end to classical Athenian democracy. In addition, Antipater installed a Macedonian garrison on the Munychia hill in Piraeus, marking an end to Athenian naval power and political independence.

title: Battle of the Echinades (322 BC)


text:
Talk:Russian/Useful Words and Expressions

Untitled
I have converted the first several phrases to use Unicode stress marks instead of "bold." It's more consistent with traditional textbooks and references, but the down side is that cut-and-paste can be tricky. However, if no-one objects I will convert the rest of this page, and then the other articles in this module. Fleminra 07:29, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, it's probably better like tha't. But it would be nicer if the accent could be placed ón the chàracter. Maybe there is an easy way to it like thís? Guaka 14:04, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Yes the rendering of "combining diacritical marks" is less than ideal, at least on Linux+Gecko. IE does a slightly better job, at least with combinations for which pre-composed characters exist:

'a' + U+0301 = á (good, reduces to 'á') 'ю' + U+0301 = ю́ (not so good)

Anyway I'll go ahead with the change, and hope that font rendering gets better in the future. Fleminra 21:33, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)


text:
User:Iorloff/Evaluate an Article

Evaluate an article
This is where you will complete your article evaluation. Please use the template below to evaluate your selected article.

 * Name of article: Oskar Kokoschka
 * Briefly describe why you have chosen this article to evaluate.

I have chosen to evaluate this article because it is apparent that much of the textual information is lacking citation. Also, while there is a good deal of information on Kokoschka's personal life, specifically his early life, there is not much said on his art and writing. I also feel as though many of the other names mentioned throughout the article need to be further explained regarding how these individuals were connected to Kokoschka or his work. Additionally, some grammatical changes can be made to make the article more readable.

Lead

 * Guiding questions

 * Does the Lead include an introductory sentence that concisely and clearly describes the article's topic?
 * Does the Lead include a brief description of the article's major sections?
 * Does the Lead include information that is not present in the article?
 * Is the Lead concise or is it overly detailed?

Content

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article's content relevant to the topic?
 * Is the content up-to-date?
 * Is there content that is missing or content that does not belong?

Tone and Balance

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article neutral?
 * Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
 * Does the article attempt to persuade the reader in favor of one position or away from another?

Sources and References

 * Guiding questions

 * Are all facts in the article backed up by a reliable secondary source of information?
 * Are the sources thorough - i.e. Do they reflect the available literature on the topic?
 * Are the sources current?
 * Check a few links. Do they work?

Organization

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article well-written - i.e. Is it concise, clear, and easy to read?
 * Does the article have any grammatical or spelling errors?
 * Is the article well-organized - i.e. broken down into sections that reflect the major points of the topic?

Images and Media

 * Guiding questions

 * Does the article include images that enhance understanding of the topic?
 * Are images well-captioned?
 * Do all images adhere to Wikipedia's copyright regulations?
 * Are the images laid out in a visually appealing way?

Checking the talk page

 * Guiding questions

 * What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
 * How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?

Overall impressions

 * Guiding questions

 * What is the article's overall status?
 * What are the article's strengths?
 * How can the article be improved?
 * How would you assess the article's completeness - i.e. Is the article well-developed? Is it underdeveloped or poorly developed?

Optional activity

 * Choose at least 1 question relevant to the article you're evaluating and leave your evaluation on the article's Talk page. Be sure to sign your feedback

with four tildes — ~

 * Link to feedback:

title: User:Iorloff/Evaluate an Article


text:
School:Game design

Welcome to the Wikiversity School of Game Design!

We are a community of like-minded game afficionados developing, critiquing, playtesting, and sharing game designs and teachings thereof.

This school should contains various departments and divisions. It should not contain any learning resources but can contain projects for developing such. Everybody is invited to add content.

Departments

 * Department of Board Game Design
 * Department of Board Game Studies
 * Department of Game Design Principles

Learning Projects

 * CisLunarFreighter
 * Lunar Boom Town
 * Video games for education
 * Massive Multiplayer Online RPG Research Project

Affiliated Schools

 * School of Computer Simulation and Game Design

Affiliated Learning Resources

 * Flash
 * Game Maker
 * Game programming
 * Wiki gaming

title: School:Game design


text:
Bellamy, Tennessee

Bellamy is a ghost town in Montgomery County, in the U.S. state of Tennessee.

History
A post office was established at Bellamy in 1891, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1908. The name Bellamy was likely a family name of pioneer settlers.

title: Bellamy, Tennessee


text:
Talk:David J. Lawson

Start classification
I have classified this article as a start as it is too detailed for a stub. I have also added an unreferenced tag as there are no third party sources cited in the article at the moment. Capitalistroadster 19:24, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

 * but the U.M. Council of Bishops and InfoServe ARE "third party" in relation to Bishop Lawson. They are accountable to the denomination, not to any single individual.  They are both independent sources of information about Bishop Lawson. Pastorwayne 12:12, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Sources accountable to the denomination should not be taken as neutral with respect to its senior office-holders, any more than the White House press office is neutral with respect to White House staff. They are not independent sources. Capitalistroadster's objections are accurate, though it might have been better to tag the article with moresources rather than unreferenced. --12:57, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:David J. Lawson


text:
Jacopo da Verona

Jacopo da Verona (1355–1442/1443) was an Italian painter. As his name suggests, he was born in Verona. His works include the frescoes of the San Michele Oratory in Padua.

title: Jacopo da Verona


text:
Talk:Scotts Valley, California

Protection of Scotts Valley, California

 * I question whether three annoying acts of vandalism over a ten-minute period truly warrants an article's protection. Still, thank you for coming to the rescue of this article, Sabine's Sunbird. —   X   S   G   04:17, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

Somebody went ahead and deleted "Culture" section
I know vandals abound. But why this one? Who gave these people the right to remove cultural contributions? Can I complain? Vlad Patryshev (talk) 05:13, 21 April 2016 (UTC)

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Sister City Source?
An anonymous user added a "Sister Cities" section in January, but I'm unable to find any source for Scotts Valley having a sister city elsewhere online. Is anybody else able to find a separate source for this information?

URLwarren (talk) 19:00, 25 April 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scotts Valley, California


text:
Nazareth Margoschis College

Nazareth Margoschis College, is a general degree college located in Pillaiyanmanai, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu. It was established in the year 1967. The college is affiliated with Manonmaniam Sundaranar University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

Science

 * Chemistry
 * Mathematics
 * Zoology
 * Computer Application

Arts and Commerce

 * Tamil
 * English
 * History
 * Commerce

Accreditation
The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).

title: Nazareth Margoschis College


text:
User:Arroser

Fashion
I'm french, always on WP:fr, just here since more than 15 years. Usually on fashion pages since many years, and electronic music sometimes. Please use french to talk if possible, or "simply english".

title: User:Arroser


text:
Talk:Julia Jakob

Family names
Why are two names given? Per W (talk) 17:52, 25 November 2018 (UTC) According to Aamulehti married to Jakob. Per W (talk) 21:13, 25 November 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Julia Jakob


text:
Talk:Aron Magner

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title: Talk:Aron Magner


text:
Spanish/Subjunctive

../Verbs/ | ../Verb Tenses/ | ../Verbs List/

Subjuntivo
These four verb tenses refer to the speakers' feelings toward the action and are about things that should or could be. These tenses are unfamiliar to English speakers as they are no longer commonly used in English grammar. They are divided into present, past, and future just like the indicative tenses.

 *  Presente

 * Presente de subjuntivo
 *  Pasado

 * Imperfecto de subjuntivo
 * Pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo o, pasado perfecto subjuntivo
 *  Futuro

 * Futuro subjuntivo (today, used only in legal documents)

title: Spanish/Subjunctive


text:
User:Pintu Raushan

My name pintu Raushan

My born in 31/12/2001

I live in north bihar

I have passed 12th from BSEB board

I am pursuing B-TECH from swami vivekanand subharti university

I like to play cricket and read book

Thanku very much

title: User:Pintu Raushan


text:
Bamut

Bamut is a non-residential rural locality (a selo) in Sernovodsky District of the Republic of Chechnya, Russia. From 1922 to 1934, Bamut was a part of the Ingush Autonomous Oblast.

Administrative and municipal status
Municipally, Bamut is incorporated as Bamutskoye rural settlement. It is the administrative center of the municipality and is the only settlement included in it.

Geography
Bamut is located on both banks of the Fortanga River. It is located 8 km west of the town of Achkhoy-Martan and 50 km west of the city of Grozny.

The nearest settlements to Bamut are Katyr-Yurt in the east, Shalazhi, Stary Achkhoy and Yandi in the south-east, Arshty in the south-west, Nesterovskaya in the north-west, and Assinovskaya and Novy Sharoy in the north.

Background

The territory on which Bamut is located and its surrounding area were inhabited by people from ancient times as attested by burials and archaeological monuments dating back to the Bronze Age and late Middle Ages (16–17th centuries).

Although Bamut was in the area of settlement and migration movement on the plane of the Orstkhoys in the second half of the 18th century, its earliest documentation dates to a Russian map of 1847. Therefore, it was founded no earlier than the 1840s. The village was first settled by the Gandaloev family who migrated from Gandalbos. Later, families from Tsecha-Akhki and Akki (region) also settled into the village. In the second half of the 1840s and until the early 1850s, during the Caucasian War, Bamut was part of the administrative-territorial district (naibstvo) of the Caucasian Imamate, Little Chechnya, whose name was conditional considering the fact that it was populated not only by Chechens but also by Ingush, predominantly in its western part.

Bamut, among other villages of Karabulak and Galashian societies, was conquered after the winter expedition of 1850 under the command of Mikhail Ilyinsky. The western part of the territory of the former Little Chechnya was included in the Vladikavkazsky okrug and administratively subordinated to the head of the Verkhne-Sunzhenskaya line. In 1852, a fortification for two infantry companies was founded near Bamut in order to cover one of the main entrances to the lands of the Galashian society from Chechnya.

Soviet rule
From 1922 to 1934, Bamut was a part of the Ingush Autonomous Oblast.

On May 26 1926, 50 Cossacks of the Assinovskaya stanitsa who went to mow grass near the Ingush village of Bamut, were surrounded by up to 100 Ingush people with a demand to follow them. Some of the Cossacks fled, and the remaining 11 were captured and taken away by the Ingush to the village Bamut, where they were accused of mowing grass on lands belonging to the Ingush.

In 1944, after the genocide and deportation of the Chechen and Ingush people and the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was abolished, the village of Bamut was renamed to Bukovka, and settled by people from the neighboring republic of Dagestan. From 1944 to 1957, it was a part of the Vedensky District of the Dagestan ASSR.

In 1958, after the Vaynakh people returned and the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was restored, the village regained its old Chechen name, Bummat.

During the First Chechen War, the infamous Battle of Bamut occurred in the village.

At the start of the Second Chechen War, in the fall of 1999, the territory of Bamut was completely closed to civilians. The settlement was only unblocked again in April 2002.

In the fall of 2014, by decree of the leadership of the Chechen Republic, a large-scale restoration of the village, which was completely destroyed, was launched. The opening of the revived village of Bamut took place on 3 December 2014.

On 8 September 2019, a referendum was held in Bamut on the transfer of the settlement to the Chechen section of Sunzhensky District. According to the official results, 1,565 people (73.61% of residents of Bamut) took part in the referendum, in which 84.98% of people voted in favor of the transfer, and 14.82% of people voted against it.

Population
Population of Bamut was majority Ingush in 1926.

 * 1990 Census: 5,858
 * 2002 Census: 5,137
 * 2010 Census: 6,025
 * 2019 estimate: 5,589

According to the results of the 2010 Census, the majority of residents of Bamut (6,013 or 99.80%) were ethnic Chechens, with 12 people (0.20%) coming from other ethnic backgrounds.

According to the 2002 Census, 5,137 people (2,465 men and 2,672 women) lived in Bamut.

title: Bamut


text:
Talk:WP:AWB

WP:AWB
Wikipedia-only abbreviated terms --Keene 12:45, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Um, is this a specific deletion request, or a general one for the pseudo-namespace "WP:" that we have a handful of entries for, for visiting Wikipedian convenience? --Connel MacKenzie 13:20, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

 * If we have others like this, then I reckon we could settle for a weak redirect. --Keene 15:28, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Which is what it is, right? (Or do you want it to just have  instead, so it doesn't affect Special:Statistics?)  Special:Prefixindex/WP:.  Confer: WT:WT.  --Connel MacKenzie 18:21, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
 * The problem is that every time anyone uses AWB on Wiktionary, it leaves behind a notation in the edit history that the edit was made using WP:AWB, which used to lead to lots and lots of redlinks in edit history, which are inherently annoying to Wiktionarians who like to see red links turn blue. Cheers! bd2412 T 11:35, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I've made it in to a redirect which in turn refers to the corresponding Wikipedia page, which should have sorted out that page. --Keene 08:28, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:WP:AWB


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/transerahotels.com

Links

 * transerahotels.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 3 additions.


text:
Andrei Kuchumov

Andrei Kuchumov is a Russian rugby league footballer who played for the Moscow Magicians  and represented Russia national rugby league team in the 2000 World Cup. Kuchumov played in one match from the bench.

title: Andrei Kuchumov


text:
User:LivingBetterThroughChemistry

I began editing in August 2020 as part of the American Chemical Society's Wikipedia Edit-a-thon.

title: User:LivingBetterThroughChemistry


text:
User:Edp05mab/sandbox

Test this is a core curriculum course CORE 2096 at the American University in Cairo.

It is a liberal arts institution established in the year 1919

It has X number of students and Y number of faculty,

title: User:Edp05mab/sandbox


text:
Cerium(III) iodide

Cerium(III) iodide (CeI3) is the compound formed by cerium(III) cations and iodide anions.

Preparation
Cerium metal reacts with iodine when heated to form cerium(III) iodide:

 * 2 Ce + 3 I2 -> 2 CeI3

It is also formed when cerium reacts with mercury(II) iodide at high temperatures:

 * 2 Ce + 3 HgI2 -> 2 CeI3 + 3 Hg

Structure
Cerium(III) iodide adopts the plutonium(III) bromide crystal structure. It contains 8-coordinate bicapped trigonal prismatic Ce3+ ions.

Uses
Cerium(III) iodide is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate and as a starting material for organocerium compounds.

title: Cerium(III) iodide