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Talk:Da Capo (video game)

To Do
Allright, let's try and get a little bit more done on this one than on Jing....What's stilll to do, apart from the epsiode list? I never heard about Da Capo, but there seems to be plenty of material around the web...--SidiLemine 11:47, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

The collaboration entry also mentioned an expansion of the infobox to include the anime, and plot summaries for the two anime series. I'm thinking that's gonna make this a pretty big article, but we'll see what happens. Magus Melchior 19:05, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The infobox looks good, there's still the plot summaries for the anime. I'll go and look for the first season, I think I saw some very short ones. It's always easier to add on a stub than to go and create a plot summary. --SidiLemine 13:39, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

Game
Shouldn't there be a section describing the game(s)? Also, I looked for a plot and most reviews say ther isn't any to talk about. Maybe this could be mentioned. Any thoughts?

 * If it's like most other ren'ai games, the plot is nearly completely determined by the user, so putting every possible thread in here would be, well, excessive. I agree that there's not enough info on the games themselves. Magus Melchior 01:56, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Character differences?
A few recent edits to the character section brought to my attention that the game and anime present the characters very differently; for example, the anime says nothing about Moe having a habit of taking sleeping pills, nor does it say anything about Misaki possessing Yoriko's body. I'm thinking we should make the distinctions clear, as I only saw the anime and almost suspected vandalism when I saw the edit diffs. Magus Melchior 05:50, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Eh. Well, anyway, reworked the character list. The Japanese DC article has been tagged with a split proposal, maybe we should do that here as well, given the amount of detail crammed into anime/manga and games alike? Magus Melchior 07:49, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm all for it. That way there won't be people trying to write an article on a game they haven't bloody played in a languagea they don't even understand. Omgwtflolz 20:42, 12 October 2006 (UTC)
 * This article isn't just about the game at this point. There were details from both the anime website and Japanese wikipedia that you deleted without discussion or edit summary, and frankly, that's really annoying. Fine. Tagging with a split proposal. Magus Melchior 21:48, 12 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Like? I don't recall removing anything that wasn't utter nonsense. Omgwtflolz 09:11, 13 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, it was one thing that was in Sakura's bio (the other detail, Jun'ichi's yakisoba "addiction" is admittedly minor):
 * "Although she was raised for much of her life outside of Japan, she loves the island country and had amassed much knowledge about it."
 * This is a rough translation of parts of her D.C. bio on the anime website, and can also be corroborated in the production itself. Also, I'd caution against pulling stuff just because you think it's nonsense (did you see the anime?)—please discuss it here, or at least tell us why you're deleting it in the edit summary. Chances are, the material is in there for a good reason. Magus Melchior 15:42, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Where? And guess what, what I removed was utter nonsense. This is fact. Since when was Junichi addicted to yakisoba? And, if you'd just play the damned game instead of making ridiculous assumptions, you'd know that Sakura was interested in period films and dramas (not Japan itself!) long before she even moved to America. Sorry for being blunt, but you obviously know next to nothing about the topic and thus really shouldn't be arguing over what's accurate and what's not. Omgwtflolz 19:48, 13 October 2006 (UTC)
 * (大の日本かぶれ) Look, this probably won't get us anywhere, as you quite obviously prefer bluntness over etiquette or civility, nor have you seen either anime season (which is where you get the Jun'ichi's yakisoba love). I could retort in kind, but I think I'll just avoid this article. I don't enjoy being jumped on by a rude editor. Goodbye. Magus Melchior 01:28, 14 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I fail to see how pointing out blatant facts goes against etiquette or civility. If anything, it's those unfounded accusations that're worthy of being branded such. Or are you saying that you actually know what's going on? But wait, you're demanding that I consult you before removing utter nonsense, so that can't be right, can it? Regardless. "Although she was raised for much of her life outside of Japan, she loves the island country and had amassed much knowledge about it." Now, where does the bolded bit come from? Oh, right, whoever stuck it into the article made it up. Hell, I'd say that it'd be pretty obvious to even anyone who hasn't touched the games or shows before if they'd just read the other half of the sentence you quoted from the site. Really nice how you ignored its existence. Omgwtflolz 03:51, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

Reworking basically EVERYTHING. Thanks for the groundwork, which was about 50% erronous at best.--Asahi Otaru (talk) 14:54, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

Some cleanup?
I think the character part need some cleanup. How do I put it, it's kind of hard to read and looks unorganized. -- か が み  16:06, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

Working on it. The whole article in fact needs some serious cleanup. --Asahi Otaru (talk) 12:50, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

Seiyuu aliases
I personally don't think the aliases should be mixed up in the CV listings, and should be mentioned as they have been listed ingame or by cast. Whether wikipedia then redirects that link to the seiyuu's entry is another matter, but I believe that seiyuus should just be presented as they have been in the series and be respected to be known as the aliases they use. --Asahi Otaru (talk) 05:13, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

Information about Hatsunejima
The link to the Hatusunejima article on the Japanese wiki is: ja:初音島 Who wants to take a crack at translating ALL THAT juicy info? --03:28, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Seen that entry many times, but information on that entry is not entirely relevant to this one, and if I were to do the translation I'd do it in a seperate article. Also, it should be noted that if we do start including so much of D.C.'s details we might have to end up splitting it like the Japanese version before it turns into one long mess.--Asahi Otaru (talk) 07:05, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

Assessment
The article direly needs references and citations, and some central point of information. The subsections feel "awkward", and very list like given how narrow they are. It could easily be improved, just give it a go. Atm, it remains at Start class.--Kung Fu Man (talk) 14:46, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

Naming convention
Okay, so recently I've acquired After Seasons (currently playing this one) and D.C. II, and I was thinking, wouldn't calling the title by D.C. After Season: Da Capo After Seasons (D.C. After Seasons ～ダ・カーポ～ アフターシーズンズ) be a bit too long and sort of confusing? And seeing that before the title screens in the games, the game is referred as Da Capo: After Seasons and Da Capo II, as if the subtitles are furigana, (unless you are using Utamaru as your system voice, which would render the game's title be a bunch of nya's) so perhaps it would be better if we change the titles to just something like D.C.: Da Capo After Seasons or so? -- クラ  ウド  ６６８  22:30, 31 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I've been concerned about the naming conventions since day one on this. For instance, I doubt many people refer to this series as D.C.: Da Capo, as I've only ever seen it referred to as Da Capo, and same goes for Da Capo II, and any other Da Capo game. Further, there's the guideline set out for using the common name of something or someone to make it easier for people to find the page. What with the repetitiveness that the titles have a tendency to get wrapped up in, how about we choose to scrap the "D.C." part, and just use Da Capo, Da Capo II, Da Capo: After Seasons, etc? Yes, we'll have to move this article to Da Capo (visual novel), but all the other ones will be simple and clearer. I mean, if we have Suika (visual novel) instead of Suika: Suika (due to the how the logo is written), then I don't see why we can't do this. The only thing then I am worried about is backlash from WP:MOS-ANIME which says to use the "official English" titles, of course as you know nothing but the original Da Capo game has been licensed and released in English in the entirety of the Da Capo franchise. And the kicker in that case is that the game is listed as "Da Capo" at MangaGamer's official website, so at least we'll have something to say if someone from WP:ANIME says anything. Also, MangaGamer has chosen to turn Hatsunejima into the "island of Hatsune", which I guess we could turn into "Hatsune Island" for use in the articles.--  十  八  00:36, 1 September 2008 (UTC)
 * As much as I love referring (when typing or writing) it as D.C.: Da Capo, seeing that MangaGamer is referring to it as Da Capo, I suppose we should use that, as you have stated, would make titles of the fandiscs/spinoffs much simpler. And seeing that they are possibly being used as furigana, and we have Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru instead of Shōjo wa Onee-sama ni Koishiteru, I see no reason but not to use just simply Da Capo. At most, I suppose we can have a "commonly abbreviated as D.C." in the lead of the article. --  クラ  ウド  ６６８  03:25, 1 September 2008 (UTC)
 * It's really my first time to notice that's how Suika's logo is rendered as, by the way, after seeing the logo for so many times. --  クラ  ウド  ６６８  03:25, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 13 one external links on Da Capo (visual novel). Please take a moment to review [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&oldid=753053735 my edit]. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080524021442/http://circus.nandemo.gr.jp:80/sakuhin/dc_kansha/dc_kansha.html to http://circus.nandemo.gr.jp/sakuhin/dc_kansha/dc_kansha.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080502052653/http://circus.nandemo.gr.jp:80/sakuhin/dcpc/frame/pro_info.htm to http://circus.nandemo.gr.jp/sakuhin/dcpc/frame/pro_info.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080519221139/http://circus.nandemo.gr.jp:80/sakuhin/vista/dcpc.html to http://circus.nandemo.gr.jp/sakuhin/vista/dcpc.html
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080516001333/http://circus.nandemo.gr.jp:80/sakuhin/dcas/product/index.html to http://circus.nandemo.gr.jp/sakuhin/dcas/product/index.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080913125631/http://circus.nandemo.gr.jp/sakuhin/dcpk/about.html to http://circus.nandemo.gr.jp/sakuhin/dcpk/about.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080519220749/http://circus.nandemo.gr.jp:80/product/dc/novel/index.html to http://circus.nandemo.gr.jp/product/dc/novel/index.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080517134613/http://www.comptiq.com/release/comptiq/2003_03.html to http://www.comptiq.com/release/comptiq/2003_03.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080517044141/http://www.comptiq.com/release/comptiq/2004_05.html to http://www.comptiq.com/release/comptiq/2004_05.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060630101532/http://www.comptiq.com/release/comptiq/2004_09.html to http://www.comptiq.com/release/comptiq/2004_09.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080517043941/http://www.comptiq.com/release/comptiq/2006_08.html to http://www.comptiq.com/release/comptiq/2006_08.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:55, 4 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Da Capo (video game)


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USA-145

USA-145, also known as GPS IIR-3 and GPS SVN-46, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the third Block IIR GPS satellite to be launched, out of thirteen in the original configuration, and twenty one overall. It was built by Lockheed Martin, using the AS-4000 satellite bus.

USA-145 was launched at 12:51:01 UTC on 7 October 1999, atop a Delta II carrier rocket, flight number D275, flying in the 7925-9.5 configuration. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 17A at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and placed USA-145 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37FM apogee motor.

By 10 November 1999, USA-145 was in an orbit with a perigee of 20096 km, an apogee of 20267 km, a period of 717.96 minutes, and 53 degrees of inclination to the equator. It is used to broadcast the PRN 11 signal, and operated in slot 2 of plane D of the GPS constellation; however, it had been moved to slot 5 by 2011, with USA-71 covering slot 2. The satellite has a mass of 2032 kg, and a design life of 10 years. As of 2019 it remains in service.

GPS IIR-3 was originally intended to use satellite SVN-50; however, it was damaged during launch preparations in May 1999 after rainwater leaked into the cleanroom atop SLC-17A where the satellite was being attached to its rocket. SVN-50 was repaired and launched as GPS IIR-21, becoming the last IIR to fly.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: USA-145


text:
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Electronegativity

< Atomic Structure | Bonding >

Whenever two atoms form a bond, the nucleus of each atom attracts the other's electrons. Electronegativity is a measure of the strength of this attraction.

Periodic trends
Several traits of atoms are said to have "periodic trends", meaning that different atoms in a period have identifiable relationships to one another based on their position. Is that confusing? Think of the periodic table as a group picture, maybe of a very large basketball team. Each period is a row of players in the picture, and the "photographer" has decided to arrange the "players" by their characteristics. Of course, no conscious effort was made to arrange the periodic table by any characteristic other than number of protons, but some properties are consistent in its layout regardless.

Atomic size is one characteristic that shows a periodic trend. In case of atomic radius the "photographer" (Mendeleev and others since) decided to arrange "players" (atoms) by size with the very shortest and smallest players at the top right. As you go left to right along a row (a period) the atoms get sequentially smaller and smaller. Fluorine is smaller than carbon, and carbon is smaller than magnesium. This is due to the number of protons in the nucleus increasing, while the increasing number of electrons are unable to shield one another from the attractive force of the positive charge from the nucleus.

REMEMBER: largest > Li > Be > B > C > N > O > F > Ne > smallest

Another characteristic with a periodic trend is ionization energy. This is the amount of energy necessary to remove one electron from an atom. Since all the atoms favor an electron configuration of a noble gas, the atoms at the extreme left of the table will give up their first electron most readily. (In almost all cases, a metal will readily give up its first electron.) The halogens, which need only one more electron to fill their outer shells, require a great deal of energy to give up an electron because they would be much more stable if they gained one electron instead. Ionization energy is the opposite of atomic radius, therefore, because it increases from left to right across a period.

REMEMBER: least energy to ionize < Li < Be < B < C < N < O < F < Ne < most energy to ionize

Electronegativity is perhaps the most important periodic trend, and it is not related to ionization energy directly -- but its trend is the same, increasing from left to right. Also, the elements in a group (like the halogen group) gain stability as they grow in atomic number, so the smallest member of an electronegative group is often the most electronegative. In general, it can be said that among periods (rows) or groups (columns) of the periodic table, the closer an element is to fluorine, the more electronegative it will be. For Group VIIA (the aforementioned halogens) of the periodic table, you memorize the following relationships:

REMEMBER: most electronegative > F > Cl > Br > I > least electronegative

And REMEMBER: least electronegative < Li < Be < B < C < N < O < F < most electronegative

(Notice that the noble gas Neon is not on the electronegativity chart. In its non-ionized form, a noble gas is usually treated as if it has no electronegativity at all.)

Electronegativities of atoms common in organic chemistry

 * C - 2.55
 * H - 2.20
 * N - 3.04
 * O - 3.44
 * P - 2.19
 * S - 2.58
 * Cl - 3.16
 * Br - 2.96
 * F - 3.98

Higher numbers represent a stronger attraction of electrons.

When atoms of similar electronegativity bond, a nonpolar covalent bond is the result.

When atoms of slightly different electronegativities bond, a polar covalent bond results.

When atoms of very different electronegativities bond, an ionic bond results.

= Electronegativity content from Wikipedia =  On WP: Electronegativity

Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom or molecule to attract electrons in the context of a chemical bond. The type of bond formed is largely determined by the difference in electronegativity between the atoms involved. Atoms with similar electronegativities will share an electron with each other and form a covalent bond. However, if the difference is too great, the electron will be permanently transferred to one atom and an ionic bond will form. Furthermore, in a covalent bond if one atom pulls slightly harder than the other, a polar covalent bond will form.

The reverse of electronegativity, the ability of an atom to lose electrons, is known as electropositivity.

Two scales of electronegativity are in common use: the Pauling scale (proposed in 1932) and the Mulliken scale (proposed in 1934). Another proposal is the Allred-Rochow scale.

Pauling scale
The Pauling scale was devised in 1932 by Linus Pauling. On this scale, the most electronegative chemical element (fluorine) is given an electronegativity value of 3.98 (textbooks often state this value to be 4.0); the least electronegative element (francium) has a value of 0.7, and the remaining elements have values in between. On the Pauling scale, hydrogen is arbitrarily assigned a value of 2.1 or 2.2.

'δEN' is the difference in electronegativity between two atoms or elements. Bonds between atoms with a large electronegativity difference (greater than or equal to 1.7) are usually considered to be ionic, while values between 1.7 and 0.4 are considered polar covalent. Values below 0.4 are considered non-polar covalent bonds, and electronegativity differences of 0 indicate a completely non-polar covalent bond.

Mulliken scale
The Mulliken scale was proposed by Robert S. Mulliken in 1934. On the Mulliken scale, numbers are obtained by averaging ionization potential and electron affinity. Consequently, the Mulliken electronegativities are expressed directly in energy units, usually electron volts.

Electronegativity trends
Each element has a characteristic electronegativity ranging from 0 to 4 on the Pauling scale. The most strongly electronegative element, fluorine, has an electronegativity of 3.98 while weakly electronegative elements, such as lithium, have values close to 1. The least electronegative element is francium at 0.7. In general, the degree of electronegativity decreases down each group and increases across the periods, as shown below. Across a period, non-metals tend to gain electrons and metals tend to lose them due to the atom striving to achieve a stable octet. Down a group, the nuclear charge has less effect on the outermost shells. Therefore, the most electronegative atoms can be found in the upper, right hand side of the periodic table, and the least electronegative elements can be found at the bottom left. Consequently, in general, atomic radius decreases across the periodic table, but ionization energy increases.

Periodic table of electronegativity using the Pauling scale

<< Foundational concepts | < Atomic Structure | Electronegativity | Bonding > | Alkanes >>


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Primary Mathematics/Fractions

Learning to use fractions (Visually)
Fractions or rational numbers are in essence the same as division, however we use them more often to express numbers less than one - for instance a half or a quarter. Fractions have a numerator (on the top) and a denominator (on the bottom). If a fraction is larger than 1 then the numerator will be larger.

Modern methods to teach fractions
Today's modern methods of teaching math and fractions are drastically different than how they were taught just 10 years ago. The difference between these methods is that the later method explores the visual evidence for certain ways of manipulating fractions and whereas the earlier approach simply used variables from the beginning. Tiles of different colors sorted into groups can be useful in representing fractions visually.

Origami and Fractions
There is perhaps little emphasis these days which shows the elaborate "visualization" that math requires. Students used to be taught merely by equation, but to my understanding, by teaching them such methods they tend to take the "cooking approach" to problems in that they have an inadequate sense of "visualizing" the concept the problem in their mind. What I want to do is emphasize the creative aspect of fractions while at the same time exploring the richness of why such problems are true.

Why I call this section Origami and math is because they are very much related to each other. The thing about Origami which is rich in math is that essentially folding a piece of paper proves that such a fraction exists!

In order to do this experiment, you need the following materials:

 * 1) Square piece of paper
 * 2) pencil

Steps to seeing some nice fractions

First, we have to say to ourselves, "This piece of paper is 1 piece of paper"

Now, we will explore fractions by seeing how "much" of the remaining paper we see as we fold. Every time we see the paper, we will write down the fraction of the paper on the front of it. By the time we get done, we'll have lots of fractions written on a piece of paper.

 * Step 1: Obtain square piece of paper. Write "1" on it.
 * Step 2: fold piece of paper in half. Write "1/2" on it.
 * Step 3: Fold again in half. write "1/4"
 * Step 4: Fold again in half. write "1/8"
 * Step 5: Unfold the piece of paper and write lines in where there are folds in the paper

Notice: if there is a 1 on top, then whatever number is on the bottom, it takes that many "pieces" to make a "whole". For example, 1/8 needs 8 pieces to become 1 whole.

The money approach: 1, 1/4, 1/2, 1/10, 1/20, 1/100
A very practical way to learn fractions is the use of money, as we use it everyday.

Questions:

 * 1) How many quarters are in a dollar?
 * 2) How many dimes are in a dollar?
 * 3) How many nickels are in a dollar?
 * 4) How many pennies are in a dollar?

As said from the previous section, if there is a one on top and some number on bottom, that means it needs that much pieces to make it a whole (a whole means 1 by the way)

For example, 1/10 is the value of a dime (10 cents). You need 10 dimes (10 x 10 = 1 dollar) to get one full dollar.

Whole number fractions
First of all, as always, instead of looking at complicated variable jargon, we will instead look at certain ways to "view" certain types of number. Just like art, you don't need to be an accomplished artist to draw, but rather you just need to know how to look at things better (in this case, numbers)

Since fractions have both a top (called a numerator. think "topinator") and a bottom (denominator, which "downominator" which is divided by a bar, we have to "adjust our thinking" so that we can recognize what our friendly fractions might look like.)

For example,

Q: 5 ÷ 5 reads "5 divided by 5". What does that look in Fraction form?

Well, since we are prospective mathematicians (and artists...) we will look at the magic of what the divided sign actually means:

A: $$\frac{5}{5} = 1$$, which also reads "5 divided by 5".

Since we know how to recognize some fractions, we have to "see" with our naked eyes what some fractions actually mean. The best preparation that you will have in our "artist" training is that whole numbers actually have "1" on the bottom. You may ask yourself, "How can that be? Is that even possible?"

Well Just for fun, we will go through this little exercise to show that there is indeed ones on the bottom when you have whole numbers.

Example: express "5" in a fraction form.

Look at our previous example about the placement of things. We now know what a denominator is and a numerator is. Since the whole number is the number of top, all we have to do is see what number is on bottom, i wonder what it is.

So our lesson is, if there is any whole number, "1" will always go on the bottom. So if I say, "What's the number that goes on the bottom if the number is 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, or any other whole number?"

Of course, your answer should be "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1" and always "1." I want you to remember that!

Multiplying fractions
In general, multiplying fractions involves a simple formula:

$$\frac{A}{B} * \frac{C}{D} = \frac{A*C}{B*D}$$

Where A, B, C, and D represent the numbers within the fractions. If this seems intimidating, there are methods used to tackle the multiplication more easily.

Traditional multiplication method
1. Know what the fractions are. Write it out.

2. If you wrote it out correctly, ignore the fractions part and look at it this way.

For example:

$$\frac{5}{3} * \frac{5}{3} = \frac{?}{?}$$

If you wrote it correctly, this is what it should look like. Also, it would be helpful if you wrote it equal to the mysteriously equal question marks, "?/?." They're there so you can see where to write your answers.

3. Using your finger or card, cover or hide the bottom (called the denominator) so that you can concentrate on multiplying the top. Focus solely on multipling the upper portion:

$$\frac{5}{} * \frac{5}{} = \frac{?}{} $$

5 x 5 = ? (what is 5 times 5? what is the value (in cents) of 5 nickels? why 25 of course!) So if 25 is equals ?, then simply "erase" the "?" and write "25." Its that simple!

Again, since you know whats on top, do the same on the bottom:

$$\frac{}{3} * \frac{}{3} = \frac{}{?} $$

Again, what is 3 x 3? Of course, it is 9. So, again, erase the "?" and write down "9"

Once you remove the finger or card, you are presented with the answer: $$\frac{5}{3} * \frac{5}{3} = \frac{25}{9}$$

Multiplying Fractions with nice pictures
Another good way to prove that answers are actually correct is to use a diagram or tiles to prove that it is correct. So how we do that is first write out one of our fractions on one side and the other fraction on the other side. To see what i mean, here is an example:

Here is our little lesson. We will multiply 3/4 x 1/2 = ?. But the thing is, Mr. Anaconda only has enough energy to eat once a week. His mouth is 1/2-full with chocobar and the deepest he can eat is 3/4 a chocobar. How much of the chocobar has he eaten? The fraction is set up like this:

$$\frac{3}{4} * \frac{1}{2} = \frac{?}{?}$$ Visually, it will look like this:

So, simplified from our little illustration is our little chocobar broken up into nice convenient blocks so that Mr. Anaconda can eat it.

From the image, you can count 3/8ths of the chocobar was eaten.

Dividing fractions
As mentioned earlier, a fraction is one number divided by another. Because of textual limitations, fractions here will be represented using numbers and slashes. For example, the fraction one half will be represented as 1/2. The fraction two thirds will be represented as 2/3.

Now, on to some specifics. You may already know how to multiply fractions. Remember all you have to do is multiply the two top numbers together and put them above your two bottom numbers multiplied together. If know how to multiply fractions, dividing fractions will also be easy, and only requires one extra step.

In order to divide two fractions, you invert the second fraction and multiply. This means that you switch around the numerator (top) and denominator (bottom) of the fraction before multiplication.

Let's look at examples using our two fractions. First, let's divide the fraction 1/2 by the fraction 1/2. Since we are dividing a number by itself, we should expect to get an answer of 1.

Here is our problem.

$$\frac{1}{2}\div\frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{2} * \frac{2}{1} = \frac{1*2}{2*1} = \frac{2}{2} = 1$$

Now let's try another example.

$$\frac{1}{2}\div\frac{2}{3} = \frac{1}{2} * \frac{3}{2} = \frac{1*3}{2*2} = \frac{3}{4}$$

Following these simple steps will let you solve any fraction division problem.

There is also an alternate way to divide fractions using an equivalent fraction approach. You obtain this by multiplying the numerator and denominator so that they're equivalent, cancelling out the denominator, and creating a fraction from the two remaining numerators.

$$\frac{1}{2}\div\frac{2}{3} = \frac{3}{6}\div\frac{4}{6} = \frac{3}{4} $$

Here is another example:

$$\frac{2}{5}\div\frac{3}{4} = \frac{8}{20}\div\frac{15}{20} = \frac{8}{15} $$

It works because the common denominator will always be $$\frac{n}{n} = 1 $$

Adding fractions
Fractions that have the same or "Common" denominator are called "Like" fractions.

1/3, 2/3

(one-third, two-thirds)

To add Like fractions together such as these:

$$\frac{1}{3} + \frac{2}{3} = ? $$

1. Add the numerators (the top numbers):
 * 1 + 2 = 3 (one plus two equals three)

2. Use the common denominator (the bottom numbers):
 * /3

All together it looks like this:

$$\frac{1}{3} + \frac{2}{3} = \frac{3}{3} $$

3. Simplify the answer as much as you can by dividing the denominator into the numerator.
 * $$\frac{3}{3} = 1$$

If the numerator is now larger than the denominator it might look like this:

4/5 + 3/5 = 7/5 (four-fifths plus three-fifths equals seven-fifths)

This is simplified by creating a mixed number:

 * 5 goes into 7 one time, with 2 left over. Put the remainder (2) over the denominator (5).
 * $$\frac{7}{5} = 1 \frac{2}{5} $$

To add or subtract fractions with different denominators, you must first convert them to equivalent fractions with common denominators.

Multiplying to get equivalent fractions
In some cases, you may need to add 1/2 to 1/3:

$$\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}=?$$

You will first have to convert the fractions into like fractions. The easiest means of doing so is to multiply the top and bottom of the left fraction by the bottom on the right, and the top and bottom of the right fraction by the bottom on the left:

$$\frac{1*3}{2*3}+\frac{1*2}{3*2}=?$$

$$\frac{3}{6}+\frac{2}{6}=?$$

The addition can now take place as expected:

$$\frac{3}{6}+\frac{2}{6}=\frac{5}{6}$$

title: Primary Mathematics/Fractions


text:
missil

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) missile

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) missile

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) missile

Noun

 * 1) a missile

title: missil


text:
Senator Little

Senator Little may refer to:

 * Betty Little (born 1940), New York State Senate
 * Brad Little (born 1954), Idaho State Senate
 * Francis Little (American politician) (1822–1890), Wisconsin State Senate
 * Matt Little (born 1984), Minnesota State Senate
 * Russell M. Little (1809–1891), New York State Senate
 * T. D. Little (born 1942), Alabama State Senate
 * Zeb Little (born 1968), Alabama State Senate

title: Senator Little


text:
бедничък

Adjective

 * 1) a bit poor, a bit needy, a bit penniless, a bit moneyless, a bit necessitous, a bit penurious
 * 2) a bit mean, a bit mean-looking, a bit slummy
 * 3) a bit meagre, a bit scanty, a bit jejune, a bit unfertile, a bit sterile
 * 1) a bit meagre, a bit scanty, a bit jejune, a bit unfertile, a bit sterile

title: бедничък


text:
Talk:List of LEXX episodes: Season 3

Regarding the proposed merger
(Or any other future proposed mergers) The list of Lexx episodes will become obsolete soon, so no point in merging with it. If we did all episodes on one page, the page would just be too large. Bipedia 05:54, 30 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It might me large but as a refrence to Wikipedia Episode pages see List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer episodes. DivineShadow218 18:13, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

Discussion Opens

 * I don't know how to format the page so that the thumbnail of Xev walking through the desert doesn't stuff up the table format below, so I have just put a load of new lines after the Overview.
 * Although the episode contents on this page appear to point to pages that could be expanded upon, I'm not sure they should be (for the time being anyway).
 * I'm thinking of putting all/most characters on one page, so if referenced, they should be of the form ((Lexx Characters| Lyekka)) (say)...

Bipedia 13:52, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of LEXX episodes: Season 3


text:
It Could Happen to You

It Could Happen to You may refer to:

 * "It Could Happen to You" (song), a 1944 popular standard by Johnny Burke and Jimmy Van Heusen
 * (Chet Baker Sings) It Could Happen to You, a 1958 album by Chet Baker containing a version of the above song
 * It Could Happen to You (1937 film), a drama directed by Phil Rosen
 * It Could Happen to You (1939 film), a mystery directed by Alfred L. Werker
 * It Could Happen to You (1994 film), a romantic comedy-drama starring Nicolas Cage and Bridget Fonda

title: It Could Happen to You


text:
User:THE KING

Hi. I am also THE KING on wikipedia, and i am interested in Wikiversity. I think with more participants this will be a very interesting project. Also, i just wanted to reverve this username on wikiversity so that no one takes it before I do!

One of the aspects of wikiversity that i find interesting is the possibility to meet other people studying similar areas of interest from all over the world.

Some of the areas I'd be interested in studying here would be psychology, pure maths, share and property investment, and entrepreneurship. In real life I have a Bachelor of Business Systems.

title: User:THE KING


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/prhwy.com

Links

 * prhwy.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 3 additions.


text:
User:Aunit80Amber

Amber is married with 25 kids, has a PHD in Astrophysics, and is married to Tom Hiddleston

title: User:Aunit80Amber


text:
tunnus

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) attribute, characteristic, quality, sign
 * 2)  affix

Noun

 * 1) symbol, emblem, sign representative symbol
 * 2) insignia symbol or token of power, status, or office
 * 3) seal design or insignia associated with organization or official role
 * 4) mark indication for reference or measurement
 * 5) motto
 * 6)  marker
 * 7)  username
 * 8)  credentials
 * 9)  ident
 * 10)  identifier formal name used in source code to refer to a variable, function, procedure, package, etc.
 * 1)  ident
 * 2)  identifier formal name used in source code to refer to a variable, function, procedure, package, etc.

Etymology
From. Akin to 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) attribute

title: tunnus


text:
Richard A. Tonry

Richard Alvin Tonry (June 25, 1935 – July 3, 2012) was an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the United States House of Representatives for Louisiana's 1st congressional district for a partial term in 1977.

Education
He graduated in 1962 from Spring Hill College in Mobile, Alabama. In 1967, he earned a law degree from Loyola University New Orleans College of Law. He practiced law in the New Orleans area for almost a decade before being elected to the Louisiana House of Representatives in the first-ever nonpartisan blanket primary held at the state level in the fall of 1975.

Politics
He served a year (1976) in Louisiana House District 103. In the state House, he was an unabashed supporter of organized labor and was particularly close to Louisiana AFL-CIO leader Victor Bussie. Tonry led the push to kill a right-to-work bill in the 1976 legislative session, but those efforts failed and the bill became law without the signature of Governor Edwin W. Edwards, who, like Tonry, was a strong supporter of organized labor and close friend of Bussie's. Thus, Louisiana became the last Southern state to adopt a right-to-work bill.

Shortly after taking his state House seat, Tonry declared his candidacy for the United States Congress from Louisiana's 1st congressional district after the 36-year Democratic incumbent, F. Edward Hébert, announced his retirement. In the Democratic primary, Tonry upset New Orleans City Councilman James Moreau, then narrowly defeated Republican Bob Livingston, an assistant state attorney general, in the general election. It was one of the last congressional elections held before Louisiana adopted its nonpartisan blanket primary for such elections in 1978.

Allegations and conviction
Tonry was investigated by U.S. Attorney Gerald J. Gallinghouse on charges of allowing subordinates to steal votes by stuffing ballot boxes in St. Bernard Parish, a suburb of New Orleans. He was also charged with receiving illegal campaign funds beyond the $1,000 federal limit then imposed per contribution.

These allegations ultimately led to his resignation, his guilty pleas of campaign-finance irregularities, and a six-month prison sentence at the Federal Prison Camp in Montgomery, Alabama.

Resignation
When Tonry resigned from Congress after four months in the office, a special election was called in August 1977. Tonry ran in the Democratic primary for that race, but lost to one of his former colleagues in the state legislature, Ron Faucheux, who was defeated by Livingston in the special election. This seat has remained in Republican hands since that time and is currently held by Steve Scalise after formerly being held by David Vitter and Bobby Jindal.

In 1983, Tonry tried to return to the Louisiana House in District 103, but finished in fourth (dead last) in the nonpartisan blanket primary with 2,693 votes (17.8 percent). Victory went to the Republican Edward Ripoll, who defeated incumbent Edward S. Bopp in a runoff election. Bopp had succeeded Tonry in the state House in 1977.

Death
Tonry died of natural causes in 2012 at the age of 77 and is interred at St. Bernard Memorial Gardens in Chalmette, Louisiana.

title: Richard A. Tonry


text:
Template talk:Infobox NCAA Baseball Tournament

Divisions
Can we add a Division parameter, so that the title appears as NCAA  Baseball Tournament? Billcasey905 (talk) 00:30, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I tried to mirror Template:Infobox college basketball tournament, which is just a Division I box rather than having a Division parameter. There doesn't appear to be an infobox on the Division II basketball tournament pages. Is your intent to create Division II (or III) baseball tournament pages and use the infobox? I would say until that point, adding a Division parameter is unnecessary. Mizzou415 (talk) 02:13, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * It's more because from 1947 to 1956, there were no divisions and from 1957 to 1973 the top level of competition was called the University Division. Referring to tournaments in those years as Division I is incorrect. Billcasey905 (talk) 10:29, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. I'm fine with that change. The only problem I foresee (if the infobox is subsequently used on the DII or DIII tournament) is that it's currently set up to link the year to that year's Division I baseball season article. I don't know how to code it so that the Division parameter will only direct you to that article if it's Division I.
 * I'd bet someone in College Football has made that work. If and when it becomes an issue, we can probably try to borrow from them.  For now I'm more concerned with the title at the top of the page and the next/prev links.  We might be able to use College baseball seasons category header/Name conv that I lifted from college football for the season category header to make the titles work. Billcasey905 (talk) 18:12, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

game_count parameter
Should the game_count parameter be used for the runner-up, rather than the CWScount parameter? Fbdave (talk) 23:10, 26 May 2018 (UTC)

MOP/MOPTeam entries
Entries in the MOP and MOPTeam lines aren't showing up on pages where this template is used and that information is provided (e.g. 2018 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament). I made a fix that looked like it made the parameters appear, but Muboshgu reverted it, saying my change didn't work as I intended--quite possible as I am not an expert at these kinds of templates! Does anyone else know how to fix the template to make the these entries appear? -- Esprqii (talk) 17:44, 4 June 2019 (UTC)


text:
French/Grammar/Tenses/Imperfect

Imparfait in French

Usage of the Imperfect
The imperfect is used in French under several different circumstances. The imperfect is used:
 * To refer to previously ongoing and repeated events that are now completely finished.

 * To express an action that happened often in the past, such as a habit that one has grown out of. For example, "I used to eat a kiwi while watching the news." is in French, "Je mangeais un kiwi en regardant les informations."

 * In describing the past, including things such as: time, location, weather, age, physical appearance, physical and emotional conditions or states, attitudes and desires and other mental experiences.

 * Actions that occurred while something else was happening.

 * To compare and contrast events in the present with events in the past.

 * To talk about the emotions or abstract qualities of a person/thing in the past or to discuss an irritating quality or subject.

 * To suggest or ask certain "forceful" questions such as, "Si on faisait une promenade?"

 * When phrases like I used to do... and I would do... are used in English.

Imperfect Stem

 * For all verbs except for être, the imperfect stem is determined by removing the -ons from the nous form of the present indicative of the verb.
 * Certain verbs (-cer and -ger verbs) are stem-changing in the nous form of the present indicative; these are stem-changing the imperfect also. The stem change that applies in the present indicative is retained when conjugating the je, tu, il, and ils forms of the imperfect. That stem change is reversed when conjugating the nous and vous forms of the imperfect.
 * For être, the imperfect stem is ét-.

Imperfect Ending

 * To conjugate in the imperfect, add the appropriate ending to the imperfect stem.

Examples
Aller

Être

Exceptions
Manger

Commencer

Exercises
Translate the following sentences into English: -Je jouais au foot quand j ' avais douze ans, mais maintenant je nage parfois. Quand j ' avais douze ans j ' étais en forme. Une fois, le douze décembre, je me suis cassé la jambe, et je ne jouais plus au foot. Quelle tristesse! -Quand j ' avais dix ans, je mangeais beaucoup de frites.

title: French/Grammar/Tenses/Imperfect


text:
French/Grammar/Tenses/Past historic

Usage of the Simple Past (Past Historic, Past Definite)
The simple past is mostly a literary tense, used in fairy tales, and perhaps newspapers. It is one that native French students are expected to recognize but not use.

Formation of the Simple Past
To conjugate in this tense, one finds the stem and appends the following, as according to the table:

It should be noted that être, along with a few other verbs are consistent in their irregularities in the passé simple as well.

Simple Past Stems
-er, changes it to é (manger = mangé) -ir, take off the r (choisir = choisi) -re, take off the re and add a u
 * For normal verbs (not irregular);

 * Certain verbs (-cer and -ger verbs) are stem-changing in the nous form of the present indicative; these are stem-changing the simple past also. The stem change that applies in the present indicative is retained when conjugating the je, tu, il, nous, and vous forms of the simple past. That stem change is reversed when conjugating the ils form of the simple past.
 * For irregular verbs whose past participle end in -u, (but not for regular -re verbs, whose past participle also end in -u), that past participle is also the simple past stem.
 * Some verbs have irregular simple past stems.

Simple Past Endings

 * To conjugate in the past tense, add the appropriate ending to the past participle. There is one set of endings for irregular verbs whose past participles end in -u ("irregular endings"), and another set for all other verbs ("regular endings").

Irregular Conjugations

 * The conjugations for être, mourir, and venir are entirely irregular, and are not based on past simple stems or endings.

title: French/Grammar/Tenses/Past historic


text:
multitud

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) multitude
 * 2) crowd

Etymology
, with the change of the ending to -tud. Compare the inherited doublet. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) multitude
 * 2) crowd
 * 3) a lot, loads
 * 1) a lot, loads

title: multitud


text:
Talk:Irene Griffin (activist)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 19 August 2020 and 7 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Da.morning.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 17:13, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Irene Griffin (activist)


text:
2015 Canary Wharf Squash Classic

The Canary Wharf Squash Classic 2015 is the 2015 Canary Wharf Squash Classic, which is a tournament of the PSA World Tour event International (Prize money : 50 000 $). The event took place at the East Wintergarden in London in England from 23 March to 27 March. Nick Matthew won his fifth Canary Wharf Squash Classic trophy, beating Simon Rösner in the final.

Prize money and ranking points
For 2015, the prize purse was $50,000. The prize money and points breakdown is as follows:

Seeds
• # 🏴 Nick Matthew (Champion)

• # 🏴 Peter Barker (Semifinals)

• # 🇪🇸 Borja Golán (Quarterfinals)

• # 🇩🇪 Simon Rösner (Final)

• # 🏴 James Willstrop (Quarterfinals)

• # 🏴 Daryl Selby (Semifinals)

• # 🇭🇰 Max Lee (Quarterfinals)

• # 🇪🇬 Fares Dessouky (Quarterfinals)

title: 2015 Canary Wharf Squash Classic


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/John Castellucci

The result was   delete. The Bushranger One ping only 03:03, 25 July 2012 (UTC)

John Castellucci

 * – ( View AfD View log  •  Stats )

Castellucci does not pass WP:CRIME. Vic49 (talk)  19:49, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Crime-related deletion discussions. Vic49  (talk)  19:55, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of People-related deletion discussions. Vic49  (talk)  19:55, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Delete. Does not meet WP:CRIME. - DonCalo (talk) 22:26, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment. Part of a series of articles created by a dubious editor King Genovese. To be on the safe side, all articles created by King Genovese should be deleted. If they are really important and concern notable people they will be created by a credible editor again. - DonCalo (talk) 22:35, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

 * Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, — Crisco 1492 (talk) 02:49, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Delete - One source with two mentions does not meet notability requirements. --Ted87 (talk) 18:00, 20 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete Does not meet WP:CRIME — Preceding unsigned comment added by SnakeDragon--SnakeDragon (talk) 18:47, 21 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Josh Gnass

The result of the debate was Speedy deleted as recreation of previously deleted article or A7 biography. Capitalistroadster 02:24, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

Josh Gnass
Someone's nn high-school teacher. Article was speedied but author deleted the tag and inserted a reference to him being named as an important philosopher, which is probably bogus. Article doesn't claim any actual philosophical achievements, for one thing --Aim Here 11:02, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-notable. --Ed (Edgar181) 13:31, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per Edgar181; 3 Google hits. Feezo (Talk) 13:53, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete. Web-cv of nn teacher. Work experience as "Assistant bovine hormone injector and Feedlot Grunt-worker" is not notability.  Dei z io  01:21, 22 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
Organic Chemistry/Chirality/Optical activity

Optical Activity
Optical activity describes the phenomenon by which chiral molecules are observed to rotate polarized light in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. This rotation is a result of the properties inherent in the interaction between light and the individual molecules through which it passes. Material that is either achiral or equal mixtures of each chiral configuration (called a racemic mixture) do not rotate polarized light, but when a majority of a substance has a certain chiral configuration the plane can be rotated in either direction.

What Is Plane Polarized Light?
Polarized light consists of waves of electromagnetic energy in the visible light spectrum where all of the waves are oscillating in the same direction simultaneously. Put simply, imagine a ray of light as a water wave, with crests and peaks. All the peaks of a water wave point in the same direction (up, against gravity) pretty much at the same time. Light is not usually this way - its peaks and troughs are often in the random array, so one ray of light's peaks might point in a direction 90o opposite of another ray. When all of the rays have their peaks pointing in the same direction - like all the waves in the ocean have peaks pointing up - then those rays of light are said to be polarized to one another.

Why Polarized Light Is Affected
So why do chiral molecules affect only polarized light, and not unpolarized? Well, they do affect unpolarized light, but since the rays have no particular orientation to one another, the effect can not be observed or measured. We observe the polarized light rays being rotated because we knew their orientation before passing through the chiral substance, and so we can measure the degree of change afterwards.

What happens is this; when light passes through matter, e.g. a solution containing either chiral or achiral molecules, the light is actually interacting with each molecule's electron cloud, and these very interactions can result in the rotation of the plane of oscillation for a ray of light. The direction and magnitude of rotation depends on the nature of the electron cloud, so it stands to reason that two identical molecules possessing identical electron clouds will rotate light in the exact same manner. This is why achiral molecules do not exhibit optical activity.

In a chiral solution that is not a racemic mixture, however, the chiral molecules present in greater numbers are configurationally equivalent to each other, and therefore each possesses identical electron clouds to its molecular twins. As such, each interaction between light and one of these 'majority' molecule's electron clouds will result in rotations of identical magnitude and direction. When these billions of billions of interactions are summed together into one cohesive number, they do not cancel one another as racemic and achiral solutions tend to do - rather, the chiral solution as a whole is observed to rotate polarized light in one particular direction due to its molecular properties.

Enantiomers
It is just such specificity that accounts for the optical isomerism of enantiomeric compounds. Enantiomers possess identical chemical structures (i.e. their atoms are the same and connected in the same order), but are mirror images of one another. Therefore, their electron clouds are also identical but actually mirror images of one another and not superimposable. For this reason, enantiomeric pairs rotate light by the same magnitude (number of degrees), but they each rotate plane polarized light in opposite directions. If one chiral version has the property of rotating polarized light to the right (clockwise), it only makes sense that the molecule's chiral mirror image would rotate light to the left (counterclockwise).

Equal amounts of each enantiomer results in no rotation. Mixtures of this type are called racemic mixtures, and they behave much as achiral molecules do.

History
Via a magneto-optic effect, when a beam of polarized light passes through solution, the (-)-form of a molecule rotates the plane of polarization counterclockwise, and the (+)-form rotates it clockwise. It is due to this property that it was discovered and from which it derives the name optical activity. The property was first observed by J.B. Biot in 1815, and gained considerable importance in the sugar industry, analytical chemistry, and pharmaceuticals.

Louis Pasteur deduced in 1848 that the handedness of molecular structure is responsible for optical activity. He sorted the chiral crystals of tartaric acid salts into left-handed and right-handed forms, and discovered that the solutions showed equal and opposite optical activity.

Artificial composite materials displaying the analog of optical activity but in the microwave regime were introduced by J.C. Bose in 1898, and gained considerable attention from the mid-1980s.


text:
Talk:2015–2016 Massachusetts legislature

Wikidata list
List of members of the 2015–2016 Massachusetts legislature in Wikidata: < https://w.wiki/37uK >. -- M2545 (talk) 14:33, 15 December 2020 (UTC)


text:
Bionomics

"Bionomics" is derived from the comprehensive study of an organism and its relation to its environment. The term "ecology" could be considered a a subset. The same would be valid for the term "Ecological Economics", a more specific subdiscipline. An example of studies of this type is Richard B. Selander's Bionomics, Systematics and Phylogeny of Lytta, a Genus of Blister Beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae), Illinois Biological Monographs: number 28, 1960. Michael Rothschild used the term in his book, but does not make reference to prior uses.

Bionomics has been defined in different ways:
 * as an economic discipline which studies economy as a self organized evolving ecosystem (Michael Rothschild);
 * as a biological discipline which studies the economic species (living organisms having economic nature), relations between them and relations between them and their environment (Igor Flor).

When thinking about biological relationships in terms of bionomics, the following phrase coined by John Muir comes to mind: " when you pull on a worm, you need to remember that a whole planet is attached".

One method for applied bionomics is the comparative bioeconomic analysis based on the universal system of bioeconomic analogies (parallels). Bionomics is considered by some as one of the best ways to build green economy and to avoid ecocatastrophe (International Bionomics Institute).

title: Bionomics


text:
Mogdumpur

Mogdumpur is a village in Karimnagar district, Telangana, India. It is approximately 10 kilometres east of Karimnagar city.

title: Mogdumpur


text:
Kymenlaakson Sähkö Stadion

Kymenlaakson Sähkö Stadion (formerly Saviniemen Jalkapallostadion and Anjalankosken Jalkapallostadion) is a multi-use stadium in Kouvola, Finland. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of MYPA. The stadium holds 4,167 and was built in 1995. The stadium has hosted several Europa League qualifying matches, including three in the 2010–11 tournament when MYPA were eliminated in the 3rd qualifying round by Romanian Club Timișoara.

title: Kymenlaakson Sähkö Stadion


text:
Hubei

Etymology
From the romanization of the, literally "north of the lake", referring to Hubei's position north of Dongting Lake.

Translations

 * Arabic: خُوبِي, هُوبِي
 * Armenian: Հուբեյ
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 湖北
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: Chu-pej
 * Georgian: ხუბეი
 * Greek:, Χουπέι
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: ^후베이, ^호북
 * Lao:
 * Latvian: Hubei
 * Lithuanian: Hubėjus
 * Macedonian: Хубеј
 * Manchu: ᡥᡡᠪᡝ
 * Russian:
 * Thai:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Zhuang: Huzbwz

title: Hubei


text:
The Werewolf of Paris

The Werewolf of Paris (1933) is a horror novel as well as a work of historical fiction by American writer Guy Endore. The novel follows Bertrand Caillet, the eponymous werewolf, throughout the tumultuous events of the Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune of 1870–71. Some literature experts have compared this book with Dracula of Bram Stoker and they have identified it as the Dracula of Werewolves.

Plot summary
Like much Gothic fiction, The Werewolf of Paris opens with a frame story in which the author explains his struggle with the fantastic elements of his tale. Here the narrator, an anonymous American working on his doctoral research in Paris, discovers a manuscript in the hands of some trash-pickers. He describes it as "the Galliez report: thirty four sheets of closely written French, an unsolicited defense of Sergeant Bertrand Caillet at the latter's court-martial in 1871."

A descendant of the cursed Pitamont clan, which destroyed itself in a long feud with the neighboring Pitavals, Bertrand is born one Christmas Eve to an adolescent girl who had been raped by a priest, Father Pitamont. Bertrand grows up with strange sadistic and sexual desires which are usually expressed as dreams. Sometimes the dreams are memories of actual experiences in which he had transformed into a wolf.

His step-uncle, Aymar Galliez, who raises the boy (along with his mother Josephine and a servant Françoise), soon learns of Bertrand's affliction. Bertrand flees to Paris after his assault on a prostitute, his incestuous union with his mother, and his murder of a friend in their home village. Aymar tries to find Bertrand by studying the details of local crimes, such as the mutilation of corpses and various murders.

Bertrand joins the National Guard during the Franco-Prussian War, doing little fighting and finding love from a girl who volunteers at a canteen, the beautiful and wealthy Sophie de Blumenberg. Sophie, a masochist and obsessed with death, helps Bertrand avoid the violent effects of his transformation by allowing him to cut into her flesh in order to suck her blood.

Aymar finds Bertrand in Paris during the Paris Commune, but thinking that love has cured Bertrand, he decides not to take action. Fearing that he'll accidentally kill Sophie, Bertrand goes out one night to feed on someone else. He is caught attacking a fellow soldier and arrested. Aymar supports burning Bertrand at the stake, and provides the court with a summary of Bertrand's crimes, but the court sentences him to treatment at the infirmary of La Santé prison.

Aymar transfers Bertrand to an asylum after the reactionary Versaillists have retaken Paris, with great loss of life among the Communards, who are executed en masse. Unbeknownst to Aymar, Bertrand suffers in a small cell, drugged when he is visited by his uncle. Bertrand eventually commits suicide by jumping from the building with another inmate whom he delusively believes is Sophie. Their deaths are similar to a suicide fantasy that Bertrand and Sophie enjoyed; the real Sophie had previously committed suicide on her own, unable to deal with her separation from Bertrand.

The narrative proper is followed by a grisly appendix citing a municipal report on the cemeteries of Paris. The report indicates that the grave of one "Sieur C ... (Bertrand)" contained the body "of a dog, which despite 8 years in the ground was still incompletely destroyed."

Historical content
The Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune of 1870–71 provide the immediate backdrop to The Werewolf of Paris, although Endore also makes many references to the Revolutions of 1848, when Aymar was physically disabled and traumatized amid the intense street fighting in Paris. The novel is filled with allusions to notable historical figures including Bismarck, Blanqui, Courbet, Dumas, Haussmann, and Thiers.

Endore uses the werewolf narrative to depict and comment on the fervid political climate of France in the nineteenth century. More specifically, his narrator comments cynically on the confusions and mistakes of the Commune, but always in the context of the unsurpassed brutality of the capitalist system. In a characteristic passage referring to the bloody suppression of the Commune by the combined forces of capitalism and aristocracy, Endore's narrator points out that the "Commune shot fifty-seven from the prison of La Roquette. Versailles retaliated with nineteen hundred. To that comparison add this one. The whole famous Reign of Terror in fifteen months guillotined 2,596 aristos. The Versaillists executed 20,000 commoners before the firing squads in one week."

Inspiration
The novel draws inspiration from the true story of the French general, Francois Bertrand, infamous as "the necrophilic sergeant" or "the vampire of Montparnasse". Between 1848 and 1849, Bertrand experienced brutal fits that led to acts of necrophilia and cannibalism in several French cementeries, particularly in Pere Lachaise and Montparnasse, both necropolises located in Paris. Bertrand was apprehended and faced trial in a court-martial conducted by the French authorities. The account of Francois Bertrand's actions was chronicled in the treatise titled The Book of the Werewolves by the English scholar Sabine Baring-Gould, published in the year 1865.

Reception
The Werewolf of Paris was a #1 New York Times bestseller upon publication. The thriller went through numerous printings of the clothbound first edition (pictured above right), now increasingly rare. It is rumored that Endore, suffering under the impact of the Great Depression, sold the manuscript outright to Farrar & Rinehart for a flat fee, thus receiving no additional royalties from its subsequent success. Given that Endore's next novel, Babouk (1934), was published by the leftist Vanguard Press, this story could have merit, although that work's revolutionary Haitian subject matter might simply have proven too controversial for Farrar & Rinehart.

Anthony Boucher and J. Francis McComas, notable sci-fi and mystery writers in the 1940s and 1950s, described The Werewolf of Paris as a "superb blend of fantasy and psycho-pathology and history." Robert Bloch included The Werewolf of Paris on his list of favourite horror novels. Basil Copper described The Werewolf of Paris as "a well-written work of literature, as well as an exciting and carefully observed clinical study." More recently, Brian Stableford praised the book as "entitled to be considered the werewolf'' novel." ''In addition the Belgian writer, traslator, critic and demonologist Jacques Finné, in his introduction to the 1987 version of The werewolf of Paris, commented: The werewolf of Paris is to lycanthropic literature what Dracula of Bram Stoker is to vampirism: a classic.

Film adaptations
Despite the fact that Endore worked for Universal Studios, The Werewolf of Paris served as the basis for neither Werewolf of London (1935) nor The Wolf Man (1941). Hammer Film Productions' The Curse of the Werewolf (1961) was the first adaptation of the story, although now set in nineteenth-century Spain, with little of the novel's political content. Legend of the Werewolf (1975), set in nineteenth-century Paris, reflects aspects of the novel, but Endore is not credited. Even so, like Endore's fiction Legend of the Werewolf is sensitive to the hardships of the working classes and other victims (human and non-human) of social hierarchy.

title: The Werewolf of Paris


text:
Talk:Diane Delano

Personal Life
It's great that there's so much about her career here, but there is zero about her personal life.

Doubledragons (talk) 04:09, 29 September 2013 (UTC)
 * , I think that's a feature, not a bug. ―Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 09:23, 7 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Diane Delano


text:
Talk:GLI1

Untitled
See also Gli2 and Gli3 which also need expert cleanup. Cje 08:21, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:GLI1


text:
Raja Gosnell

Raja Raymond Gosnell (born December 9, 1958) is an American film editor and director. He is known for directing comedies and family films. Among his best known works are Never Been Kissed (1999), Big Momma's House (2000), the two Scooby-Doo movies (2002 and 2004), Home Alone 3 (1997), Yours, Mine & Ours (2005), and two Smurfs movies (2011 and 2013).

Early life
Gosnell is named after his father's friend Raja Mohideen. He was born in Los Angeles, California on December 9, 1958.

Career
Gosnell's career started in 1980 when he worked with director Robert Altman as an assistant editor on Popeye. His first solo credit as an editor was on the film The Silence. Afterward, Gosnell would serve as editor on a number of films, including Teen Wolf Too, Pretty Woman, and Rookie of the Year.

He is also known for his collaboration with director Chris Columbus, for whom he edited the films Home Alone (1990), Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992), and Mrs. Doubtfire (1993).

Gosnell made his directorial debut with Home Alone 3 after learning writer and producer John Hughes was looking for a director for the project. Afterwards, he went on to direct more theatrical films, including Never Been Kissed (1999), Big Momma's House (2000), Scooby-Doo (2002), Beverly Hills Chihuahua (2008), and The Smurfs (2011) and its sequel, The Smurfs 2 (2013). While many of his films have been met with poor reception from critics, they have generally been very successful at the box office. In 2021, Gosnell co-directed his son, Bradley, in Gun and a Hotel Bible alongside Alicia Joy LeBlanc.

Filmography
Director

Executive producer
 * Smurfs: The Lost Village (2017)
 * Show Dogs (2018)

Editor

title: Raja Gosnell


text:
cold cream

Noun

 * 1)  An emulsion of water and certain fats, usually including beeswax and various scent agents, designed to smooth skin and remove makeup.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: kylmävoide
 * French: cérat de Galien
 * Japanese: コールドクリーム
 * Latin: lōmentum
 * Manx: key feayr
 * Russian: космети́ческое молочко́
 * Spanish: cerato de Galeno

title: cold cream


text:
Bernio Verhagen

Bernio Enzo Verhagen (born 13 February 1994) is a Surinamese fraudster and footballer who plays as a forward.

Verhagen has been contracted to several different professional football clubs, but never played an official match for a professional team. Danish police have charged Verhagen with rape, robbery, forgery, fraud and fleeing from the police, after his arrival in Viborg FF in November 2019. Since 27 November 2019, Verhagen has been remanded in custody – only interrupted by a 12-hour period as a fugitive after he managed to escape from police. On 24 June 2020, Verhagen was convicted of robbery and battery, but acquitted of rape, and was sentenced to one year and three months in prison and criminal deportation from Denmark. On 18 August 2020, he pleaded guilty to fraud and forgery. On 14 June 2021, he was arrested for fraud in Colombia.

Career
Verhagen briefly played in the youth academy of Dutch Eredivisie club Willem II. Afterwards, he was registered in three different amateur clubs in the Netherlands: VV TSC Oosterhout, VV Oosterhout and SC Den Dungen.

In 2019, Verhagen signed a contract with Dinamo-Auto Tiraspol in the Moldovan breakaway state of Transnistria, despite only having appeared as an amateur footballer and never having earned a professional contract. Verhagen never made his debut for the club. He left Dinamo-Auto months later, and moved to South African Premier Soccer League club Cape Town City. The club had received recommendations about Verhagen by a person pretending to be the acclaimed Dutch player agent Mo Sinouh from the Stellar Group agency. Again, Verhagen was only at the club for about one month, again without making any appearances, after which he was signed by Chilean club Audax Italiano. He played no matches for Audax Italiano and was only a part of the club for about a month. He since stated that he was subjected to racism by his teammates in Chile. Audax Italiano had been told that they could resell Verhagen to an unspecified Chinese club for $2 million.

On 5 November 2019, Viborg FF presented Verhagen as their new player. Viborg's director of sports, Jesper Fredberg, described Verhagen as a "lightning fast and aggressive player who will fit in well here and can cover all three attacking positions in our tactics". Shortly afterwards, a club statement was issued which said that they had never seen him play before the contract was signed. On 26 November 2019, Viborg FF announced in a press release that the club had terminated Verhagen's contract by mutual agreement and that the club had also reported him to the police. As had happened with Cape Town City, Viborg FF had been persuaded by an agent posing as Mo Sinouh from the renowned agency Stellar Group. Furthermore, Viborg FF had been offered the prospect of selling Verhagen on to Chinese club Hebei Elite with a profit in a short time. Verhagen made no appearances for Viborg FF.

Personal life
Verhagen is a Dutch citizen. He has a daughter in Denmark, but the mother has custody of the child.

Arrest in Colombia
Verhagen arrived at the city of Santa Marta, Colombia on 11 June 2021. According to police authorities, he introduced himself as a professional player for major football clubs in Europe, showing pictures where he appeared signing contracts, and with team members and wearing their jerseys. Apparently, he spent the next few nights at various luxurious hotels in the city, rented yachts, and dined in exclusive restaurants without paying for any of it, taking advantage of the owners' willingness to receive his supposed endorsement. According to the police chief of the city, Verhagen made reservations via electronic platforms and promised electronic payment due to his lack of cash. He showed electronic bills to demonstrate his payments, and when they appeared as pending he argued that they were delayed due to the fact that they were international transfers. After enjoying the services he cancelled the transactions and left.

Verhagen was finally arrested in the beach of El Rodadero on 14 June 2021, when he attempted to con a number of sexual workers whom he had hired. The women demanded he paid in cash and when he refused the women called on people to help them stop him. Verhagen was about to be lynched when the police arrived. The police arrested him after doing a background check and discovering that he was a conman, attempting similar strategies in other countries.

The Kingdom of the Netherlands requested Verhagen in extradition in August 2021.

title: Bernio Verhagen


text:
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/RoniA20/Archive

09 February 2015

 * Suspected sockpuppets

 * User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
 * Editor interaction utility

was blocked for WP:COPYRIGHT violations following the discussion at Administrators%27_noticeboard/Incidents. responded admitting to being the IP and was blocked for block evasion. Now the user is back socking with. Both IPs geolocate to Israel ( vs ). Compare for example vs. TDL (talk) 17:14, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * Give me a minute, I blocked the user yesterday so I'll have a look into the IPs as I know a bit about the socking.--5 albert square (talk) 20:08, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

 * OK, I have now had the chance to look into this. As this is an IP there isn't much CheckUser can do so this needs to be based solely on behaviour.  I've looked at the behaviour and .  Original account has had their block upped to a month with a stern warning about to be put on their talk page that if they do this again then the next block will be indefinite. , everything tagged, this can probably be closed now.--5 albert square (talk) 20:47, 9 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject United States History/Archive 2

History of the United States (1776–89) listed at Requested moves
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New article on the Engagements Clause of the Constitution
I have created a stubby new article on the Engagements Clause of the Constitution of the United States. Naturally it needs further work. Michael Hardy (talk) 01:29, 9 March 2019 (UTC)

Housing discrimination (United States) listed at Requested moves
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A new newsletter directory is out!
A new Newsletter directory has been created to replace the old, out-of-date one. If your WikiProject and its taskforces have newsletters (even inactive ones), or if you know of a missing newsletter (including from sister projects like WikiSpecies), please include it in the directory! The template can be a bit tricky, so if you need help, just post the newsletter on the template's talk page and someone will add it for you.
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WikiProject Genealogy
If anyone here is interested, we are looking for volunteers at WikiProject Genealogy. Thanks! Tea and crumpets (talk) 01:18, 2 July 2019 (UTC)

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Year articles
I need some help at 2018 in the United States & 2019 in the United States. In the birth/death sections, individuals are being described as American, which isn't necessary giving the article title. Note, the description isn't used in any of the preceding 'Year in the United States' articles. GoodDay (talk) 18:59, 21 July 2019 (UTC)

Discussion at Talk:Philippine resistance against Japan
You are invited to join the discussion at Talk:Philippine resistance against Japan. RightCow LeftCoast ( Moo ) 00:35, 24 July 2019 (UTC)

Seeking additional feedback for history of Mayo Clinic
Hello! It's Audrey at Mayo Clinic. On behalf of my employer, I am working to update Mayo Clinic. I have worked with two other editors, Trantorian and Jonathunder, who offered great feedback to develop and improve the History section of the article. Since the request focuses on the history of a major American medical institution, I thought WikiProject United States History members might care to review and implement my request if it is approved. I have also reached out to other WikiProjects to notify editors.

Thanks! Audrey at Mayo Clinic (talk) 16:42, 8 October 2019 (UTC)

Request for information on WP1.0 web tool
Hello and greetings from the maintainers of the WP 1.0 Bot! As you may or may not know, we are currently involved in an overhaul of the bot, in order to make it more modern and maintainable. As part of this process, we will be rewriting the web tool that is part of the project. You might have noticed this tool if you click through the links on the project assessment summary tables.

We'd like to collect information on how the current tool is used by....you! How do you yourself and the other maintainers of your project use the web tool? Which of its features do you need? How frequently do you use these features? And what features is the tool missing that would be useful to you? We have collected all of these questions at this Google form where you can leave your response. Walkerma (talk) 04:25, 27 October 2019 (UTC)

Balance at Forced into Glory
Please see:.

The article (on a somewhat controversial biography of Abraham Lincoln) rarely has editors or even talk-page comments, so additional input is requested. PoV issues with our article have been pointed out since 2009, and the off-site academic controversy involving the book's notable author, Lerone Bennett Jr., and his views about Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation goes back to the 1960s. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  23:01, 12 November 2019 (UTC)

Harriet Ann Jacobs listed at Requested moves
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History of the United States (1776–1789) article
Hello, I started a discussion section on Talk:History_of_the_United_States_(1776–1789) about improving the article History_of_the_United_States_(1776–1789). — Preceding unsigned comment added by TimothyBlue (talk • contribs) 11:28, 28 November 2019 (UTC)

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WikiProject History needs people
Hi everyone. I am the new coordinator for WikiProject History. we need people there!! right now the project seems to be semi-inactive. I am going to various WikiProjects whose topics overlap with ours, to request volunteers.

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we welcome your input. thanks!! --Sm8900 (talk) 20:37, 12 January 2020 (UTC)

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RfC on history of the GOP
You are invited to join the discussion at Talk:Republican Party (United States). Sdkb (talk) 06:13, 18 March 2020 (UTC)

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Invitation to US Housing Edit-a-thon
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Pretty Nose

 * Articles for deletion/Pretty Nose (2nd nomination)
 * Articles for deletion/Pretty Nose (2nd nomination)

Mark Soldier Wolf
This one was kept, nomination withdrawn, but it provides context. Massive attack (not the band) on Native American participants. Questions of sourcing and notability. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 15:11, 26 September 2020 (UTC)

New Article: White Supremacy in US School Curriculum?
I am planning a new article on white supremacy in US curriculum, and I am wondering if it would fit within this project? The current outline includes an overview of racist narratives in education throughout US history, prominent historical figures in the critique of these narratives, and the effects of historical racism on the modern education system (more information on my user page). I would appreciate any feedback. --MBJAnderson (talk) 04:22, 30 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I'd prefer the title White supremacy in US education. A school and the experience of education is more than just a curriculum, and the article would be fuller with descriptions of educational activities outside the classroom. Such an article should summarize other topics such as School segregation in the United States. Wikinights (talk) 16:05, 30 September 2020 (UTC)

GAR notice
Red Tail Squadron, an article that you or your project may be interested in, has been nominated for an individual good article reassessment. If you are interested in the discussion, please participate by adding your comments to the reassessment page. If concerns are not addressed during the review period, the good article status may be removed from the article. Hog Farm Bacon 19:40, 28 October 2020 (UTC)

Cornstalk / Hokoleskwa burial site
Please see this discussion and comment there: --David Tornheim (talk) 08:00, 28 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Talk:Cornstalk

American Revolutionary War has an RFC
American Revolutionary War, which is within the scope of this WikiProject, has an RFC for value. A discussion is taking place. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments on the discussion page. Thank you. TheVirginiaHistorian (talk) 23:26, 4 December 2020 (UTC)

Comments:

I'm uploading more of my on-scene photos of the storming to Wikimedia Commons under CC
If anyone for whatever article needs more photos, check out my page under this username at Wikimedia Commons and feel free to apply them wherever. I'm prioritizing getting the direct storming ones up first, then later will upload photos from Trump's speech on the Ellipse, some of which include people who later stormed the Capitol.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/TapTheForwardAssist

TapTheForwardAssist (talk) 04:16, 9 January 2021 (UTC)

United States and the Holocaust
United States and the Holocaust has recently been created with content split from another article. It could really use some attention if anyone knows anything about the subject? Thanks! —Brigade Piron (talk) 18:25, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

GAR
Denver, an article that you or your project may be interested in, has been nominated for a community good article reassessment. If you are interested in the discussion, please participate by adding your comments to the reassessment page. If concerns are not addressed during the review period, the good article status may be removed from the article. Hog Farm Talk 05:19, 10 July 2021 (UTC)

Help on updating Address to the Nation article
Hi everyone. I was wondering if anyone could help me in filling in the fourth column that I recently added about addresses to the nation. On opening the page, I was surprised that there was no column pertaining to the topics of each national address, which contain historic significance. I took to adding the column and filling it with important events that each president addresses in their speeches.

I am also considering to delete the third column, as it is almost ompletely blank top to bottom (with a few entries for the most recent speeches) and I'm not exactly sure that detailing where the president made the address is necessary. If anyone can help me the article, I would greatly appreciate it. Thanks! Phillip Samuel (talk) 00:54, 30 July 2021 (UTC)

FAR for Yosemite
I have nominated Yosemite National Park for a featured article review here. Please join the discussion on whether this article meets featured article criteria. Articles are typically reviewed for two weeks. If substantial concerns are not addressed during the review period, the article will be moved to the Featured Article Removal Candidates list for a further period, where editors may declare "Keep" or "Delist" the article's featured status. The instructions for the review process are here. Hog Farm Talk 07:33, 14 November 2021 (UTC)

Requested move at Talk:Protests in Minneapolis regarding the trial of Derek Chauvin
There is a requested move discussion at Talk:Protests in Minneapolis regarding the trial of Derek Chauvin that may be of interest to members of this WikiProject. SkyWarrior 02:07, 17 November 2021 (UTC)

Reminder for Survey - Your Participation is Needed
Hello everyone,

I am Petros Apostolopoulos, a Ph.D. candidate in Public History at North Carolina State University. My Ph.D. project examines how historical knowledge is produced on Wikipedia. If you are interested in participating in my research study by offering your own experience of writing about history on Wikipedia, you can click on this link https://ncsu.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9z4wmR1cIp0qBH8. There are minimal risks involved in this research.

If you have any questions, please let me know. Petros Apostolopoulos<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Apolo1991 (talk) 15:28, 8 December 2021 (UTC)

Stephen H. Long's Expedition of 1820
I created Stephen H. Long's Expedition of 1820 because the content in Stephen Harriman Long's article is specific to him and is limited in scope.

Then, I found Yellowstone expedition which seems to conflate the Yellowstone and Long's expedition. It looks like the Sixth Infantry Regiment was assigned to establish military posts in the region. The Panic of 1819 led to budget cuts so that only one fort was established. Then, it seems like the Yellowstone expedition was cancelled - and Long led the expedition through Nebraska, Colorado, and Oklahoma.

Currently, the Yellowstone expedition article includes information about the Long expedition. It seems that it should be edited to be specific just to the Yellowstone expedition information. Well, that's the way it seems to me, but it would really, really help to get input from others if I am seeing this correctly before I prune the Yellowstone article and perhaps move some of the Long specific info to Stephen Harriman Long.

As an aside, I live in Colorado and Long's expedition figures prominently in the state's history. I have not heard of the Yellowstone expedition until yesterday. Beidelman's article The 1820 Long Expedition clearly differentiates the two expeditions.–CaroleHenson (talk) 17:48, 14 December 2021 (UTC)

 * Please see Stephen H. Long's Expedition of 1820 that differentiates the two expeditions... and the map in the Yellowstone expedition shows a very different trek north and west of Council Bluff vs. the South and west trek of Long's expedition.–CaroleHenson (talk) 18:04, 14 December 2021 (UTC)

 * I went back to the article and realized that no changes are needed. Sorry for the confusion.–CaroleHenson (talk) 05:50, 16 December 2021 (UTC)

History of Minnesota Featured article review
I have nominated History of Minnesota for a featured article review here. Please join the discussion on whether this article meets featured article criteria. Articles are typically reviewed for two weeks. If substantial concerns are not addressed during the review period, the article will be moved to the Featured Article Removal Candidates list for a further period, where editors may declare "Keep" or "Delist" the article's featured status. The instructions for the review process are here. Sandy Georgia (Talk)  23:45, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

Requested move at Talk:Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956
There is a requested move discussion at Talk:Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 that may be of interest to members of this WikiProject. 🐶 EpicPupper (he/him | talk) 03:05, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

Talk:Founding Fathers of the United States
This may be of interest. Randy Kryn (talk) 03:30, 13 April 2022 (UTC)

User script to detect unreliable sources
I have (with the help of others) made a small user script to detect and highlight various links to unreliable sources and predatory journals. Some of you may already be familiar with it, given it is currently the 39th most imported script on Wikipedia. The idea is that it takes something like and turns it into something like
 * John Smith "Article of things" Deprecated.com. Accessed 2020-02-14.
 * John Smith "Article of things" Deprecated.com. Accessed 2020-02-14.

It will work on a variety of links, including those from cite web, cite journal and doi.

The script is mostly based on WP:RSPSOURCES, WP:NPPSG and WP:CITEWATCH and a good dose of common sense. I'm always expanding coverage and tweaking the script's logic, so general feedback and suggestions to expand coverage to other unreliable sources are always welcomed.

Do note that this is not a script to be mindlessly used, and several caveats apply. Details and instructions are available at User:Headbomb/unreliable. Questions, comments and requests can be made at User talk:Headbomb/unreliable.

-   Headbomb {t · c · p · b}

This is a one time notice and can't be unsubscribed from. Delivered by: MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 16:02, 29 April 2022 (UTC)

Featured Article candidacy notice
If anyone is interested, the Ole Miss riot of 1962 is currently nominated for promotion to Featured Article status. Thanks, ~  HAL  333  21:47, 19 December 2022 (UTC)

Good article reassessment for Battle of Gettysburg
Battle of Gettysburg has been nominated for a good article reassessment. If you are interested in the discussion, please participate by adding your comments to the reassessment page. If concerns are not addressed during the review period, the good article status may be removed from the article. —Femke 🐦 (talk) 17:57, 14 February 2023 (UTC)

Early American novel FAC
For those of you interested in early American literature and/or the Revolutionary War, you may be interested in reviewing Brother Jonathan by John Neal. Here's the nomination page. Dugan Murphy (talk) 17:01, 29 October 2023 (UTC)

Bracero Prograom
Bracero Program needs editing/rewrite help. I've done some work on the lead by the rest of the article is difficult. Coretheapple (talk) 18:18, 7 January 2024 (UTC)

Assistance Request - Perpetual Union
I'm requesting editor assistance here: Talk:Perpetual Union

Thanks! (sdsds - talk) 03:12, 12 January 2024 (UTC)