text:
Talk:Technological convergence

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This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 14 January 2020 and 28 April 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Chughes117.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 10:46, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 2 September 2020 and 11 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): AshleyVincent141.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 10:46, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

complete re-structure of the page
I worked hard to re-structure the page. Please note, I DID NOT DELETE any contributions, but only copied them between the different sections if someone should start to do history undo-s. However, I believe the current structure is easier to read, and reflects the content of this page much better. What is your opinion? Markus (talk) 12:34, 19 July 2018 (UTC) Markus.r.brand

technological convergence
The title does not match the content. This could be called Convergence in telecommunication but is also talks about other type of technology. I beleive that Tecchnological Convergence is too broad to a solely article at all. With such a conceptual scope, this article should be limited to phylosopchical concepts. technology could be mentionned as example but not as a reference.

I am not a philosopher but a telecommunication architect. As such, would see fit to explain the differences between transmission convergence, application convergence, device convergence, financial convergence, media convergence, etc...

But all articles listed are too deep into each technology example and fails to explain the common ground. Beside all these thecnology having the word convergence in their title, is there any reasons to explain them all on the same pages ?

2010-10-30 —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:50, 30 October 2010 (UTC)

Jump to search I agree that there has to be done something around the title of technology convergence. The article describes convergence as we all know it - in media, digital services, telecommunication, and on content level. However, the title really does not reflect that. I suggest to rename the article to e.g. only "Convergence" or maybe "Digital Convergence" - or even "Media Convergence". However, I think this will still require some good thinking. If the current title remains, the article text is really poorly reflected by it's title, which the other user I am answering to has already stated. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Markus.r.brand (talk • contribs) 11:49, 19 July 2018 (UTC)

Quadruple Play
Folks, the key to the 'quadruple play' is the IMS framework defined between the 3GPP folks and CableLabs with PacketCable 2.0.

In the 1st part of the article: Media Convergence, The Internet. the quote from the MIT guy is incomplete or if it is not, something's missing afterwards.

[...] states that " [...] " there's no verb in the sentence —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:28, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

<IP_ADDRESS> said
There are many good examples of products and technologies that arose out of two or more seemingly different, unrelated technologies. Rather than reinvent each, the new inventor "stands on the shoulders" of her predecessors buy taking the tourch where they left off and converging them into something new and useful. Almost every modern convienience from the lightbulb to air travel owes it's roots to two or more unrelated areas of study that someone had the vision to converge. It would be interesting to list a few of these major inventions and their convergent technologies here. Now more than ever, our society is poised for more of the same. Our ideas are connected like never before, although using them legally and fairly might require more navigation for the convergent inventor. -- 16:20, 21 March 2006 <IP_ADDRESS>

merge from Convergence in the media
proposed by user:Vonkje the 23 September 2005

Approve
 * 1) Isn't this article more about technological convergence? I would expect an article titled "Convergence in the media" to discuss the trends of newspapers, TV stations and web sites to create news together, rather than the ability of a PlayStation to play an audio CD. This should be rewritten or deleted. -- <IP_ADDRESS> 18 July 2005
 * 2) Did you see that there is an article about that Concentration of media ownership. For clarity I will add a link... -- user:Trainthh 12:25, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) I agree with y'all and am requesting this be merged with technological convergence. See the disambiguation page for convergence for more info Vonkje 07:57, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) user:Vonkje proposed the merge the 23 September 2005
 * 5) Technological and media convergence actually define the same thing: convergence is the coming together of: media content (video, games, news, etc); computing; and telecommunications. This article (and probably the one on technological convergence) has completely missed the conceptual point. Media convergence is not simply the blending of two media - if that was so television should be listed as 'radio with pictures'. Dunno if I can be bothered fixing this but someone who can should consult Terry Flew's "New Media: An Introduction" (ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>). -- 16 March 2006 <IP_ADDRESS>
 * 6) I think that the current content of Convergence in the media should be merged here in Technological convergence and the page should redirect to Concentration of media ownership which is more pertinent today. --Marc Lacoste 08:05, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Against
 * 1) Concentration of media ownership and "media convergence" are two different things, though, and convergence isn't really discussed in the Concentration of media ownership article. "Media convergence" needs its own article, separate from the concentration of ownership and tech convergence articles. -- 27 December 2005 <IP_ADDRESS>

 * There is a conceptual error here. Technological convergence refers to pipes only, it is content-agnostic; that is, it makes no difference what data or TV images are going through the pipes, or who owns them. Technological convergence refers to delivery services, not to content provision. The subjects should be separated, as mentioned by others. M. H. van Handel. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 8 August 2006

Done --Marc Lacoste 08:57, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Merge from Dual/Triple/Quadruple play
the content of Dual play, Triple play (telecommunications) and Quadruple play could be merged here.

Approve Against
 * 1) the content of those multiple play articles are often redundant and could be at better use under the umbrella of only one article. It should be easy to give each a title in the main article, and develop them in a separate article if they need it in the future. --Marc Lacoste 08:32, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Done I've done it to see the result, except for Triple play, which isn't a stub. If someone don't like it, fee free to revert. --Marc Lacoste 09:47, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Evidence required for the disadvantages of media convergence
"However, convergence can have its downside. Particularly in their initial forms, converged devices are frequently less functional and reliable than their component parts (e.g. a DVD may perform better on a traditional DVD player than on a games console). Further, as single devices address a wide spectrum of consumer needs, breakdowns and problems become more likely, and more disruptive to the consumer. The greater the degree of convergence in a device, the more vulnerable consumers are to the failure of that device and face more complex user-interfaces. With a multitool on your belt, you've always got a screwdriver and pliers, but they are never as good as separate tools."

I agree with the general theory but I think it should have references and be written in a more neutral manner. Increased complexity is bound to increase the likelihood of malfunction but not always. In my experience the most unreliable DVD players are the really cheap single purpose devices not games consoles. In my very limited experience with consoles, the user-interface seems overly simplified. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:06, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

Black Box Fallacy
I apologise, I'm a newcomer to editing Wikipedia, so please help me out here. My view of the topic was that as it was a theory held by numerous prominent media analysts, such as Henry Jenkins, it was not a "limited or personal" take on the subject. I think possibly more sources are needed, as undoubtedly there are enough out there to support this theory. Definitely, the format can be improved though, and that is why I need some help to make it an encyclopaedia entry rather than an 'essay'. FunkeyMunkey101 (talk) 12:48, 5 September 2008 (UTC)

Merge from Convergence (telecommunications)
Seems like both of these articles are talking primarily about convergence in telecommunications. Neither article is in great shape. If we combine them, we'll have at least one less flawed article on Wikipedia. --Kvng (talk) 01:53, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

 * I am a student in a wiki writing class in UMass and i am writing on the page, Convergence (telecommunication). From my understanding technological convergence is only one way to see this huge topic called convergence. There are convergence cultures, and there are theories saying technology diverges and information converges. I don't think technological convergence will be good enough for the topic. I do not mind merging the two articles but the name of the page should be something more general such as Media convergence. P.S. I am going to produce much content on the subject in the distanced future for my writing class, please keep my opinion under consideration. Ktlin91 (talk) 23:49, 20 October 2011 (UTC)Ktlin91

 * I have no objection to covering other types of convergence. My observation based on reading the content, not the titles, is that these two articles are covering the same narrow convergence topic. I'm also fine with narrow coverage. My objection is that we don't need two separate articles. --Kvng (talk) 02:20, 25 October 2011 (UTC)

 * How about we create a new page call "Media Convergence" and move both "Convergence (Telecommunication)" and Technological Convergence to "Media Convergence". — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:35, 2 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Media convergence is an ambiguous term. I don't think we can or should do that. It sounds like there's some support for a merge. We can always rename the resulting article once the merge is complete. -—Kvng 16:05, 2 March 2013 (UTC)

 * I agree, some of the content should just be merged or omitted Mtpride07 (talk) 17:58, 1 November 2023 (UTC)

Open new page Media Convergence!
move content from Technological convergence to own page, and remove redirection from Media Convergence to Technological convergence. As is largely agreed upon, Media Convergence is much more than the technological merger of distribution channels (see Technological convergence itself.), and is also concerned with social and cultural shifts, rather than the technological implications. — <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:02, 21 October 2012 (UTC)

Because media is a social enterprise (historically and currently), media convergence describes social and cultural shifts in media as a result of technology. For example, new media changes the role and status of old media, and users/producers/consumers perpetuate those shifts. I suggest that digital convergence should collapse into this article, and moreover, the article should be renamed "Convergence" with the addage "Convergence Culture" a la Henry Jenkins http://www.amazon.com/Convergence-Culture-Where-Media-Collide/dp/0814742955 Jacobwc (talk) 00:37, 19 November 2013 (UTC)

 * Support merge from Digital convergence. I think we need to do more work improving and organizing the article before considering splitting it apart. It is not currently too big or too unfocused to warrant a split. ~KvnG 15:44, 21 November 2013 (UTC)

I have merged Digital convergence here. Both source and destination articles are not in great shape. I don't think the merge makes things any worse and now we have half as many articles to improve. ~KvnG 22:02, 14 November 2014 (UTC)

Technological singularity may be a bit farfetched
"Also included in this topic is the basis of computer networks, wherein many different operating systems are able to communicate via different protocols. This could be a prelude to artificial intelligence networks on the Internet eventually leading to a powerful superintelligence[3] via a technological singularity."

Just a passerby who ended up on this article - I understand that the article clearly has quite a few issues, but this sentence immediately stood out to me when I opened the page. I'm unsure how increasing interoperability of OS's on a network jumps to superintelligence and singularity at all outside of some pretty wild speculation. It's actually got a citation, but I feel like the logic/relevancy here is kind of a stretch, and I'd suggest removing this paragraph and mentioning interoperability in the paragraph prior to it.

"Convergence services, such as VoIP, IPTV, Mobile TV, Smart TV, etc., will replace the old technologies and is a threat to the current service providers. IP-based convergence is inevitable and will result in new service and new demand in the market.(4)"

Also the use of the absolute "inevitable" regarding a future event here bothers me a little bit.

Unfortunately as much as I'd like to contribute to reorganizing/streamlining this page, I'm not very well versed in this subject at all, but as a reader, I feel like the integration of so many seperate articles covering broad topics into a single page without proper reorganization has impacted the readability rather significantly. (Note: The stuff below really got out of hand somehow.)

I suppose if I were to suggest solutions instead of just whining, "Messaging", "Mobile" and "Cell phone convergence" need to be consolidated, and redundancy there has to be removed. References to cellphones are currently spread out through out the entire article in a rather unfocused manner - making them the focus of the "Mobile" category and including "Messaging/SMS" as a sub-category would likely improve the readability of the article.

I feel like "Technology implications" should be named "Technological implications" or "Technological applications." Based on the content of the category I feel like the latter was the intended meaning.

The "Appliances" (should probably be Applications?) category primarily appears to focus on downsides of convergence and should probably be renamed something along the lines of "Downsides of convergence." The examples of convergence shown in this category are probably short enough to be integrated as examples in some of the other sections. While having an "Applications" category specifically for showing examples of convergence might work, I feel like it would overlap with "Technology implications", while also resulting in rather random examples with relevance that will change significantly over time due to the speed of advancement particularly in electronics. Might be more trouble than its worth.

"Multi-Play" should become a sub-category of "In the Marketplace", considering it primarily discusses methods of selling packaged content-delivery services and their economic effects rather than discussing a full category of convergence.

The short "Home network" category should be combined with "Internet," either as a sub-category or not, since the integration of multiple functions into residential gateways is very much related to integration of "Web 2.0 features" into home appliances, and the integration of web features in home appliances is very much related to "Home network(ing)." Perhaps a reference back to "Multi-Play" should be made explaining that it is either a major driver of residential gateway integration/the evolution of older gateways from the early 2000's, given that modern models have integrated telephone ports, cable/DVR control. Focusing on the hardware implementation of multi-play should hopefully prevent redundancy, given the current Multi-play article is marketing/definition focused. While we're at it the "Internet" category should probably be renamed to "Internet as a content medium" or something along those lines since the existing category seems to focus specifically on the internet's ability to deliver content rather than any sort of convergence actually regarding the internet. Does cloud computing count as convergence? That would likely broaden the topic a little more.

The given definition for "media convergence" in the first few paragraphs of the "Media" category should probably be moved up to "Definitions" and merged to eliminate redundancy.

Mentions of the 90's dot com bubble present in the "Media" category basically only talk about historical perceptions of new/digital media, and therefore should be moved to the "History" category, where it can be merged with the already existing paragraph about 90's perceptions on new media to eliminate redundancy.

The paragraph beginning with "Media Convergence in the Digital Era means..." is not cited in the correct Wikipedia citation format. "Convergence regulation" also has several paragraphs that are improperly cited.

Perhaps rename "Convergence culture" to "Effects on culture" and "Social movement" as "Effects on society"

The last link in the "See also" section to "JOURNALISM IN THE AGE OF MEDIA CONVERGENCE" is malformatted and should be moved to "External Links."

Given the changes I suggested above and a few others I forgot to include, I feel like the category order would make more sense going:

1. Definition(s) (Depending on whether the article defines convergence or types of convergence after consolidation) 2. History 3. Effects on the economy/Economic effects of convergence ("In the marketplace" I feel is a little bit undescriptive.) (A mental transition going from historical market perception (dot com) to current market perception/economic effects can probably be established here.) 3a. Multi-Play 4. Internet as a content medium (Possible mental transition between "get internet" (multiplay) -> "what the internet does" (medium)?? or maybe like "internet is bundled with other services etc" -> "the services are delivered through the internet"? Natural flow of readability would probably break here) 4a. Home networking/Convergence effect on lan etc (Residential gateway integration, draw link to hardware implementation of multi play) 4b. Mobile web (Consolidate the random bits of information regarding implementation of phone internet fast enough for media. "Mobile service provisions", "Advancements in WiMAX and other leading edge technologies...", "This would include phone companies integrating 3G on their phones." Media and consolidation on phones prior to stuff like iPhone 3G and widespread adoption of 3G was significantly less well known or capable and might fit better in "History". I have no source for that except gut feeling, but I imagine someone somewhere has probably done a study on this. This section is a primer for the "Mobile" category.) 4c. (This category is massively broad, you could likely make as many sub categories as you want speaking about how media over the internet has affected a subclass of electronics.) 5. Media (Mental transition "This is our content delivery medium" -> "This is the content delivered") 6. Mobile/Mobile convergence (Mental transition "This is our wireless content delivery medium" -> "This is the wireless content delivered") 6a. Messaging 7. Effects on culture (Mental transition "This is what convergence is and does" -> "This is what its caused") 8. Effects on society (Mental transition "Macro scale effects" -> "Micro scale effects") 9. Convergence regulation (Mental transition "Effects of convergence" -> "Legal control of convergence/legal reaction to effects of convergence") 10. See also 11. References 12. External links

As for tone issues that make this article sound more like a high school essay and less like an encyclopedia article, three aspects were the most conspicuous.

1. The constant attributing of information to (insert last name here) or (study name here) basically makes large portions of the page read like a HS research paper. This is excacerbated by large number of sources and the repetition of the structure (name)(alternative verb to said), which ends up being (name) {defined, stated, expressed,, wrote, introduced, observed, concluded, etc} and can be distracting. I have not read the editing rules yet, but I imagine that if the information isn't controversial, it should be okay to just use a wiki citation and omit the this entire structure.

2."that poured cold water over the talk of such a digital revolution" "Many experts view this as simply being the tip of the iceberg" "old media would be absorbed fully and completely into the orbit of the emerging technologies." I am of the opinion that metaphorical language should be avoided both on the grounds that it can be precieved as informal as well as being jarring in tone. There are a number of other instances where informal language and/or informal structure was been used. "Today, we are..." "it's" "mobile services are increasingly an important part of the automobile; (Extremely long inline list); and much, much more." "we have entered into"

3. The repetition of the "(info). For example, (example). (info). For instance, (example). Additionally, (example)." structure. For example, " For example, while people can have e-mail and Internet on their phone, they still want full computers with Internet and e-mail in addition.

For example, the Wii is not only a games console, but also a web browser and social networking tool. Mobile phones are another good example, in that they increasingly incorporate digital cameras, mp3 players, camcorders, voice recorders, and other devices." In this example there are three examples, two of which are composed of inline lists, in the span of 3 sentences. While this is likely the worst example, the overuse of the word example and the overuse of examples themselves negatively affect readability. For instance, another example which demonstrates this is "For example, Intel has created a surfboard with an in-built laptop.[19] Additionally, LG has created a microwave with a television screen.[20] Many people ... the household TV. These examples..." Additionally, the effect on readability is excacerbated by instances of issue #1 being interspersed alongside examples; for instance, as is written in the article "CONVERGED DEVICE" by an anonymous editor, "for example,... smartphones.(10) As discussed in Media Culture by Campbell..." However, this is not the sole example; as anonymous editor elucidates through example in this instance: " For example, the iPhone ... troublesome.[23] As Rheingold asserts..."

As Shogoll asserts in self, the preceding examples demonstrate a tangible effect on readability and tone. Additionally, Shogoll claims that in instances where examples are necessary, it may be better to seperate them out into their own paragraph afterwards. It may also be good to remove some examples that do little to advance the reader's understanding and replace them with explanations.

Lastly: 1. Parts of convergence regulation, convergence ulture and social movement are in need of proof reading for grammar and minor spelling. 2. Some of the relative times should probably be changed to absolute times, or at least be dated to when the edit was made. The regulation section appears to have issues with this 3. This is really a none issue but some of the examples drawing off popular culture of the time of the update might age pretty badly

I don't even know why I wrote this seriously how did this happen Everything above is my personal opinion and I have no idea I'm doing, but I do hope this helps someone at least a bit instead of being 65 lines of stating the obvious

>implying anyone will ever read this

Shogoll (talk) 18:54, 7 August 2014 (UTC)

Tragedy of the commons
This article is an example of everything currently wrong with Wikipedia. It's amazing that we have a poorly written, poorly sourced 49,160-byte train wreck that completely fails to mention Ithiel de Sola Pool and Technologies of Freedom, even though it was de Sola Pool who did more than anyone else to push the notion of "convergence" into the public consciousness in the 1980s. Unfortunately, I am too busy dealing with train wrecks on three other articles that I actually care about to spend the 100 hours it would take to clean up this one. Which is why this mess has remained unfixed for THREE YEARS. At some point someone will have to burn this mess down and rewrite the article from scratch. --Coolcaesar (talk) 06:38, 25 August 2014 (UTC)

Quotation marks
Something is wrong with the quotation marks in this paragraph:

 * Media Convergence in the Digital Era means the changes that are taking place in this current time with older forms of media and media companies. (Campbell 9) Media convergence has two roles, the first is the technological merging of different media channels – for example, magazines, radio programs, TV shows, and movies, now are available on the Internet through laptops, iPads, and smartphones.(10) As discussed in Media Culture by Campbell, convergence of technology is not new. It has been going on since the late 1920s. An example is RCA the Radio Corporation of America purchased Victor Talking Machine Company and introduced machines that could play both radio and recorded music. (10). Next came the TV, and radio lost some of its appeal as people started watching television which has both talking and music as well as visual. As technology advances,convergence of media’s change to keep up with the time. The second definition of media convergence as Campbell discusses is, Cross- platform by media marketeer’s, which means consolidating various media holdings, such as cable, phone, television and internet access under one corporate umbrella” (10). This is not for the consumer to have more media choices, this is for the benefit of the company to cut down on costs and maximize its profits. (10) As stated in the article, Convergence Culture and Media Work, by Mark Deuze, “the convergence of production and consumption of media across companies, channels, genres, and technologies is an expression of the convergence of all aspects of everyday life: work and play, the local and the global, self and social identity. (Holt 145)

I detected it with a script - I did not read the article. --MartinThoma (talk) 21:31, 20 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Fixed ~KvnG 17:23, 26 January 2015 (UTC)

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The opening of the article says "Convergence is a phenomenon"
I'm not sure you guys know what the word phenomenon means. Dictionary.com is that way > — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:46:200:5671:8C70:3C0B:2599:825E (talk) 07:29, 28 July 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Technological convergence


text:
Christian fundamentalism and conspiracy theories

Since the early twentieth century there has been a significant overlap between Christian fundamentalism and millennialism in the United States and belief in false conspiracy theories.

History
In 1991, in the book The New World Order, Pat Robertson claimed that a conspiracy has existed in the world led by Freemasonry and the Illuminati, in collaboration with Jewish bankers.

One of the recurring subjects of Christian fundamentalist conspiracy theorists is the accusation of homosexual people of a gay agenda and of being responsible for social problems.

The QAnon conspiracy movement, which originated in 2017 and has been described as "birthed in a matrix of evangelical fundamentalism", has been linked to Christian fundamentalism by multiple scholars.

Adherence to conspiracy theories is higher among churchgoers, particularly white evangelicals. Some pastors have explained this phenomenon with the distrust of expertise, which encourages citizens to challenge established authority figures. Others have described the mechanism of faith as "[mutating] into vulnerability to conspiracy theories" as well as apocalyptic narratives and Christian nationalism playing roles.

According to a 2018 survey by LifeWay Research for the Wheaton College Billy Graham Center, 46% of self-identified evangelicals and 52% of evangelicals by belief believe that mainstream media spreads fake news. A 2022 study found a positive correlation between religious fundamentalism and COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs.

Criticism
Outlets such as Christianity Today and Religion News Service have covered the movement's impact among congregations.

In 2017, Ed Stetzer wrote that Christians should repent of spreading false conspiracy theories and fake news online, which he says "directly violates Scripture’s prohibition from bearing false witness against our neighbors". He argued that "The Seth Rich conspiracy theory is a textbook example of false witness... Without seriously defending their claims, conservative Christians across the country accused their neighbor of murder."

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Columbine conspiracy theories

The result was   delete. The Bushranger One ping only 00:56, 28 July 2012 (UTC)

Columbine conspiracy theories

 * – ( View AfD View log  •  Stats )

When I stumbled upon this article, it relied heavily on self published sources. Now that they are removed, I see no reason why this article should stand on its own. I did a cursory search for some valid sources but cannot come up with anything except articles in the immediate aftermath. Perhaps some of this content can be merged into Columbine High School massacre. Perhaps better sources exist out there to expand and update it to reflect a true "conspiracy", but I don't see them now. CutOffTies (talk) 17:44, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Conspiracy theories-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 18:53, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Crime-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 18:54, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Keep - seems notable to me. passes WP:GNG.--BabbaQ (talk) 20:02, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Speedy keep As per WP: GNG. AP and CBS coverage is considered reliable. Electriccatfish2 (talk) 21:20, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Question: Curious, do you think this article should stand because there's sources that disprove one conspiracy? --CutOffTies (talk) 13:16, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Delete or merge last paragraph as a possible footnote in the main article, but even that would be a stretch. It seems that there was some evidence that a cop shot one of the students, which was later disproven by an independent inquiry. The main person questioning the police account has accepted the new inquiries evidence. I don't see how this even gets close to being a conspiracy theory. AIR corn (talk) 22:51, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Merge and delete, per Aircorn. Nothing really justifies having this borderline OR article.  Lugnuts  (talk) 07:31, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Merge and Delete, per Aircorn and Lugnuts. Unreferenced and unproven fringe theory. - DonCalo (talk) 13:11, 14 July 2012 (UTC)
 * WP:MAD seems to suggest that merging and deleting is not a good idea due to attribution issues. If a merge of any information is done a redirect should probably be created instead of deleting the article. Note that delete is my first preference anyway as I don't really see the value of adding this information to the main article. AIR corn (talk) 15:14, 14 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Good point. - DonCalo (talk) 08:51, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Merge This is short enough it can be contained within the main article. Stedrick (talk) 15:10, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete This is borderline OR, and there's not really anything here worth merging. An outright delete would be fine.  Rorshacma (talk) 17:18, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete Sources are tenuous at best, original research at worst. I would say merge, but I really don't see anything here that is even worth merging. Trusilver  06:50, 20 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

 * Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks,  Sandstein   09:33, 20 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Comment: Two users who lazily looked at the existence of a couple reliable sources should not have prolonged reaching a conclusion, especially with the existence of six solid arguments. --CutOffTies (talk) 14:32, 20 July 2012 (UTC)
 * That's not necessary. --BDD (talk) 16:41, 20 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Justification and evidence for a response carries far more weight than the response itself. The crux of this discussion is whether or not there's enough to justify having a separate article about a conspiracy. Two users gave responses that there's reliable sources/notability in the article. That is a lazy response to the AFD.  If pointing that out is uncivil, fine I'm guilty. --CutOffTies (talk) 17:02, 20 July 2012 (UTC)
 * It might just be a case of Sandstein being uncertain if it should be merged or deleted. No real rush in any case. AIR corn (talk) 05:01, 21 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Good point, I didn't think about that. --CutOffTies (talk) 12:56, 21 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Strong delete not merge per nom. -- →gab  24 dot  grab← 17:18, 27 July 2012 (UTC)


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Mary Ama

Mary Tupai Ama is a Cook Islands-New Zealand artist and community arts organiser.

Biography
Ama was born in Vaka Takitumu in the southeast of the island of Rarotonga in the Cook Islands, and has Cook Island Maori, Samoan and English heritage. Her mother died when Ama was young and her father remarried, and Ama was raised by her grandparents. Ama immigrated to New Zealand in 1965, and worked for various government departments.

Ama founded Pacifica Mamas, a community arts collective based in Auckland, New Zealand, in the late 1980s. The collective designs and delivers Pacific-based arts and cultural programmes in schools and the community both in New Zealand and overseas in the Cook Islands, Samoa, Papua New Guinea, Hawaii, the United Kingdom and the United States. Ama also developed a programme for Pacific prison inmates, which she has delivered at Spring Hill Correction Facility near Huntly for more than ten years. Ama has been the Pacific Island Arts Advocate for the Waitakere City Council and has taught at both Mt Albert Grammar School and Corbans Estate Arts Centre.

In 1998, Ama began working for the Waitakere City Council, and as a part of Pacifica Mamas began teaching tivaevae classes in 1999.

She has delivered other Pacific arts, culture and community projects for Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Auckland War Memorial Museum, Auckland Council, Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tamaki, and ASB Polyfest.

Recognition
In 2012, the collective won the Creative NZ Pacific Heritage Arts Award. In 2015, Ama and the Pacifica Mamas won the Arts Access Corrections Community Award for their work at Spring Hill. In the 2017 Queen's Birthday Honours, Ama was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to the arts and the Pacific community.

title: Mary Ama


text:
User:Danielheadley

Welcome to Wikipedia. I suggest you govern yourself accordingly, or you will be banned for vandalizing webpages.Brian3030 (talk) 20:03, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

title: User:Danielheadley


text:
Storyboard Artwork Project/Creating Tux Paint Stamps

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:98%" How to create Tux Paint stamps for the Storyboard Artwork Project
 * colspan="2" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Cornsilk;" |

What are stamps in Tux Paint?

 * Stamps are pictures with a mask.

 * Each stamp has a mask which crops the picture so stamps can be any shape.

 * Note : A mask is also known as an Alpha Channel.

 * In this scene, you see two men walking together. It looks natural and real.  Yet this scene was made from two stamps with only two clicks on the screen.

 * It took only ten seconds to create this entire scene. Stamps are an extremely effective drawing tool.

 * }

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:98%" An example of a stamp
 * style="width:55%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Gold; background-color: LightYellow;" rowspan="2"|

Four channels in one PNG picture
A PNG picture has four channels :
 * A red image
 * A green image
 * A blue image
 * A mask image

In case you are wondering why they are five images for picture with four channels, the first image at the top is a quick look at all the RGB channels put together as a complete color picture.

This top image is not a channel but because the color picture is so useful, it is included in the list of channels with a channel number of "tilde".

 * style="padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em;" |

The color channels of the stamp
 * style="width:45%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #abd5f5; background-color:#f1f5fc;" |

Here are the color channels all together for a stamp.
 * The RGB channels

When you combine the red, green and blue channels, you get a color picture.

In this case, the picture is 400 pixels tall and 200 pixels wide. We need pictures which are over 500 pixels tall. For technical reasons, we prefer that you make your stamps 1000 pixels tall.
 * style="padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em;" |
 * style="padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em;" |

The alpha channel of the stamp
 * style="width:45%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #abd5f5; background-color:#eaf0ff;" |

Here is what an alpha channel looks like. This is a gray image which is almost entirely black and white. Only at the edge of the fireman are there gray pixels to feather the mask.
 * The mask channel

In the white part of the mask, the image becomes part of the stamp. Where the mask is black, the image is not included in the stamp.
 * }

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:98%" Where are stamps in Tux Paint?
 * style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Gold; background-color: LightYellow;" rowspan="1"|

Things to do

 * Locate the stamps in Tux Paint and view them them with your photo editing software like Photoshop or The Gimp to see the four channels, specially the Alpha chennel which is the mask. Photoshop 4 or later will do this but I do not believe that Photoshop Elements can view channels. In The Gimp the mask is displayed besides the layer.

 * Tux Paint works on many different computers and hand held devices. Therefore, finding the stamps is not always easy.

 * On the Macintosh, you cannot simply search for "Stamps" because the search engine in Mac OS X does not search inside an application. If you use the new Macintosh (Mac OS X), an application is not just a program.  Rather an application is actually an invisible folder which contains all the elements of the application.  Using the Control key allows you to see the contents of the application folder so you can find the stamp folder in the resource folder.

 * style="padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em;" |

What size are stamps?
 * style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #abd5f5; background-color:#f1f5fc;" |

Stamps can be any size. Stamps are enlarged automatically in Tux Paint. However, there are some limitations to Tux Paint.
 * How tall?

The largest setting in Tux Paint enlarges the picture to 95% of the full height of the Tux Paint's current screen size. But be aware that when Tux Paint automatically scales up a picture, it becomes jagged if the original is not large enough.

For this project, we will use a Tux Paint screen which is 600 by 800. This produces a painting which is 472 pixels tall. Therefore, the stamps should be at least 472 pixels tall to get full resolution for large stamps.

Besides full size images, we need the same figures showing only the upper half of the body. Tux Paint cannot crop more than half of the picture. Therefore, Tux Paint cannot create head shots from full sized images. Therefore, we also need you to create a second set of stamps by cropping your artwork to the upper half of the body. (We can do this for you if you wish.)
 * Upper half the the body
 * }


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/Local/as400i.com

Links

 * as400i.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Selected additions

 * Displayed 8 additions out of 8 total.	 For more info see WikiProject_Spam/LinkReports/as400i.com

Entry
Log entry for the MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist:

\bas400i\.com\b             # ADMINNAME # see  [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spam/Local/as400i.com ]]

Discussion
See COIBot report for more details.

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 05:46, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 05:47, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 09:47, 14 November 2019 (UTC)


text:
Vympel, Altai Krai

Vympel (Вымпел) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Bezrukavsky Selsoviet, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 162 as of 2013. There are 6 streets.

Geography
Vympel is located 7 km east of Rubtsovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kalinovka is the nearest rural locality.

title: Vympel, Altai Krai


text:
Voyelles

"Voyelles" or "Vowels" is a sonnet in alexandrines by Arthur Rimbaud, written in 1871 but first published in 1883. Its theme is the different characters of the vowels, which it associates with those of colours. It has become one of the most studied poems in the French language, provoking very diverse interpretations.

History
At least two early manuscript versions of the sonnet exist: the first is in the hand of Arthur Rimbaud, and was given to Émile Blémont; the second is a transcript by Verlaine. They differ mainly in punctuation, though the second word of the fourth line appears as bombillent in one manuscript and as bombinent in the other. The meaning in both cases is "buzz".

Voyelles was written by September 1871 and therefore before Rimbaud's 17th birthday. It was Verlaine who published it, in the 5–12 October 1883 number of the review Lutèce (revue).

Text
The two texts below are of the 1905 Léon Vanier edition, and of a 2015 translation by George J. Dance.

Interpretations and analyses
This sonnet has been written about more than almost any other poem in the French language. Many researchers, teachers, and other scholars, such as Ernest Gaubert, Henri de Bouillane de Lacoste & Pierre Izambard, Robert Faurisson, Claude Lévi-Strauss, and Michel Esnault, developed diverse theories on its sources and meaning. It has been suggested, for example, that the poem draws on Rimbaud's memories of children's coloured cubes marked with the letters of the alphabet that he may have handled in his infancy. Others have seen the influence on Rimbaud of his reading of esoteric and cabbalistic literature,  or of his own conception of the voyant, "seer", adumbrated in his "Lettre du voyant". According to Robert Faurisson, a secondary school teacher in Vichy in the early 1960s, it is an erotic poem; this interpretation provoked a debate which brought into play the national media, including Le Monde, and several academics, including René Étiemble. It has also been argued by several critics that there is no system behind the choice of correspondances to the various vowels.

Claude Lévi-Strauss
Claude Lévi-Strauss explained the sonnet, not by the direct relation between vowels and colours stated in the first line, but by an analogy between two oppositions, the opposition between vowels on the one hand, between colours on the other.

While the phoneme /a/ generally evokes the colour red, Rimbaud associates it, like a provocation, with black. In fact, the A (most saturated phoneme) is opposed to E (silent e), as black is opposed to white.

The red of the I, a more truly chromatic colour, then opposes the achromatic black and white that precede it. The green U follows the red I, "the red/green chromatic opposition is maximum like the black/white achromatic opposition which it succeeds". However, from the phonetic point of view, the strongest opposition to the I is the sound ou and not the U: Rimbaud would have chosen to oppose the I to the U, for lack of a French vowel specific to the sound ou.

There remains then only one vowel, the O, but two colours, blue and yellow. Under the blue of the O, the yellow of the Clairon ("Trumpet") appears in the second tercet, as the bright red was underlying the black A in the first quatrain: the O contains the blue/yellow opposition, an opposition analogous to that of red and green. In the last line, blue, the most saturated colour after red, is darkened by mixing it with red, thus referring to the black A at the beginning of the sonnet.

title: Voyelles


text:
User:TechRecordIndia

Kld Records A Music Company Owner - Suresh Chaudhari Opening Date - 04 December 2018 Company Office - Khalilabad Uttar Pardesh - India Contact Company - +917704950518 Join Us On - Twitter - https://mobile.twitter.com/KldRecords Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/KldRecords/ Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/KldRecordsMusic YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/KldRecords

title: User:TechRecordIndia


text:
Cookbook talk:Potato Omelet

The standard Omelette shouldn't include any fillings. See m-w.com.

 * Right now we've got (at least) three Omelette recipes. Being an omelette purist is not the first thing I would worry about. Grimm

I think the omelette pages need to be revised. I propose one description (not recipe) of what an omelette is on the Omelette page (with a redirect from Cookbook:Omelet). Some short descriptions (with pictures, perhaps, like on the Cookbook:Melon page) of typical omelets, French, Japanese/Asian, Spanish and links to specififc recipes. What's described here seems like a french omelet, as does the Cookbook:Omelet, so those two recipes should be merged into one French Omelet recipe (with soime additional info). We should also decide on whether to use omelette or omelet. Omelette is more popular according to google, but I think Omelet is better for non-french omelettes. risk 13:31, 11 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed re:centralizing this as a "type" of food. I'd almost like to suggest using the category page for this purpose. Since Omelette is more popular, it's probably the one we should use, but we should definitely have a redirect to the other. Kellen T 18:43, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Potato Omelet


text:
Raghubar Das ministry

This is a list of minister from Raghubar Das cabinets starting from 28 December 2014. Raghubar Das is a politician belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party, and was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Jharkhand on 28 December 2014.

On 28 December 2014, Nilkanth Singh Munda, Chandreshwar Prasad Singh, Dr. Louis Marandi of BJP and Chandra Prakash Choudhary of All Jharkhand Students Union were sworn in as cabinet ministers along with Raghubar Das as Chief Ministers. Das became the 10th and first non-tribal Chief Ministers of Jharkhand.

== Council of Ministers ==

title: Raghubar Das ministry


text:
Talk:Gabriel Reymond

External links modified
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title: Talk:Gabriel Reymond


text:
Talk:Donald Trelford

External links modified
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title: Talk:Donald Trelford


text:
Teatralna

Teatralna (Театральна) may stand for:
 * Teatralna (Kyiv Metro), a station of the Kyiv Metro system in Kyiv, Ukraine
 * Teatralna (Dnipro Metro), a station of the Dnipro Metro system in Dnipro, Ukraine
 * Teatralna Metro Station (Sofia Metro), a station of the Sofia Metro in Sofia, Bulgaria

title: Teatralna


text:
Daniel Grégorich

Daniel Grégorich Hechavarria (born 7 May 1996) is a Cuban Greco-Roman wrestler. He won the gold medal in the 87kg event at the 2023 Pan American Games held in Santiago, Chile. He has also won gold medals at the Pan American Wrestling Championships and the Central American and Caribbean Games.

Career
Grégorich won the gold medal in the 87kg event at the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games held in Barranquilla, Colombia.

At the 2019 Pan American Games held in Lima, Peru, Grégorich won one of the bronze medals in the men's 87kg event. He defeated Joe Rau of the United States in his bronze medal match.

In the same year, he competed in the 87kg event at the 2019 World Wrestling Championships held in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan without winning a medal. He was eliminated in his fourth match by Rustam Assakalov of Uzbekistan.

Grégorich competed in the men's 87kg event at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

Grégorich won the gold medal in his event at the 2024 Pan American Wrestling Championships held in Acapulco, Mexico. He defeated Luis Avendaño of Venezuela in his gold medal match. A few days later, he competed at the 2024 Pan American Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament held in Acapulco, Mexico hoping to qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. He was eliminated in his second match.

title: Daniel Grégorich


text:
Fritz Berger (percussionist)

Fritz Berger was a Swiss drum teacher and drum method book author. He wrote several influential books on Swiss rudimental drumming, or Basler Trommeln, that are still thought of as the authoritative sources for Swiss drumming in America.

Biography
Dr. Fritz Robert Berger was born in 1895 in Switzerland and is sometimes referred to as the "Drummel-Doggter". His middle name is sometimes given as Rudolf. He studied the Basel style of snare drumming, called Basler Trommeln or Basle Trommel, and published his book Das Basler Trommeln : nebst vollständigem Lehrgang und einer Sammlung aller Basler Trommelmärsche in 1928. He also published article called Das Basler Trommeln, Werden und Wesen in 1936. His books and other publications outlined the Swiss Basel rudimental system in a novel notation system that was much easier to read for drummers from outside of the Basel tradition. Previously, Basel notation had been either onomatopoetic, using syllables written out in letters to represent the rhythms, or later a set of symbols or hieroglyphics. Neither system used the normal elements of western music notation. Berger's monolinear notation system used established musical note values and symbols and placed them on a single-line staff. Similarly to other rudimental notation systems in America, and France, Scotland, and other parts of Switzerland, his system placed right hand notes above the line and the left hand notes below it so that the sticking was obvious.

In the 1930s, Berger exchanged ideas with drummers in North America and Scotland, promoting his Basel rudimental style to various drum corps, marching bands, and rudimental percussionists who had largely not been familiar with Basel drumming before. Berger's Swiss student Alfons Grieder continued to promote Berger's interpretation of Basel drumming in North America, starting in the 1960s.

Berger is known to have performed Liberman's Geigy Festival Concerto for Basle Trommel and Orchestra several times, including a performance as late as 1961 at Royal Albert Hall in England for the BBC Festival of Light.

Later in life, Berger wrote additional books on Basel drumming such as Das Basler Trommeln in 1956 for the Swiss audience and Instructor for Basle Drumming, which was published in 1964, just after his death, and circulated widely in American Ancient Drumming circles. He also published several pieces of music, including 3 volumes of Trommelmärsche between 1959 and 1965.

The Berger Lesson 25 is a Hybrid Rudiment named for Fritz Berger. It is primarily due to Berger's (and later Grieder's) influence that the Percussive Arts Society 40 International Rudiments sheet includes the Swiss rudiments the Single Flammed Mill and Swiss Army Triplet. These inclusions appear to be a point of contention for Jack Pratt and the International Association of Traditional Drummers who vocally object to the Swiss influence on American rudiments

Publications

 * Das Basler Trommeln nebst vollständigem Lehrgang und einer Sammlung aller Basler Trommelmärsche - 1928
 * Das Basler Trommeln, Werden und Wesen - c. 1936
 * Das Basler Trommeln - 1956
 * Instructor for Basle Drumming - 1964
 * Trommelmärsche Vols 1-3 - 1959-1965

title: Fritz Berger (percussionist)


text:
Talk:Rumantsch Grischun

Contested deletion
This page should not be speedily deleted because...

As long as there is not separate article on Rumansch Grischun, this should be a redirect. Eventual links from the target article to Rumantsch Grischun would automatically link back to the corresponding paragraph through the redirect, I don't see what's wrong with that. —IJzeren Jan Uszkiełtu?  09:40, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I think it's highly misleading and confusing for readers when a link that occurs multiple times (8 times, and 2-3 more would probably make sense) in the Romansh article simply brings them back there. It's not like they won't find that section if they type in "Rumantsch Grischun" in the search engine, since it's the very first result that comes up. --Terfili (talk) 11:47, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * The way to address that issue is to delink Rumantsch Grischun where it appears in the Romansh article. Phil Bridger (talk) 12:05, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * That would be an even worse idea because then once the Rumantsch Grischun article is created, someone will have to go through the whole Romansh language article again to figure out where the links could be useful. --Terfili (talk) 14:34, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rumantsch Grischun


text:
бързичък

Adjective

 * 1) quite fast, quite quick, quite rapid
 * 2) quite pressing, quite urgent, quite speedy
 * 1) quite pressing, quite urgent, quite speedy

title: бързичък


text:
Talk:Carolyn Browne

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120426010536/http://www.britishbusinessgroupazerbaijan.com:80/? to http://www.britishbusinessgroupazerbaijan.com
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 * Added tag to http://ukinkz.fco.gov.uk/en/news/?view=News&id=790308282

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:27, 16 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Carolyn Browne


text:
Ex nihilo (disambiguation)

Ex nihilo is a Latin phrase meaning "out of nothing" that may refer to:

 * Creatio ex nihilo, the belief that matter is not eternal, but had to be divinely created
 * Ex nihilo nihil fit, Latin for the philosophical dictum "nothing comes from nothing"
 * Ex nihilo lexical enrichment, adding of new words not deriving from pre-existing word
 * Ex Nihilo (comics), a fictional character
 * Ex Nihilo (magazine), former name of a creationist magazine
 * Ex Nihilo (sculpture), a sculpture by Frederick Hart
 * Agat Films & Cie – Ex Nihilo, a French film production and distribution company

title: Ex nihilo (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Carlos Lizarazo

Orphaned references in Carlos Lizarazo
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Carlos Lizarazo's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "espn": From Julio César Valdivia: Stats at espn From Alejandro Vela: espn stats

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 07:11, 1 August 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Carlos Lizarazo


text:
graminoid

Adjective

 * 1) resembling the grasses

Noun

 * 1) A plant with elongate leaves and minute flowers, such as a grass, sedge or rush.
 * Graminoids adapted to mesic sites dominate the understory.

title: graminoid


text:
Talk:Physics Study Guide/Thermodynamics

Thermodynamic/s-is the study of heat and other forms of energy. Consist of three Laws namely: [First Law of Thermodynamics][Second Law of Thermodynamics][Third Law or Zeroth Law].

The study of thermodynamic is pioneered by James Prescott Joule in which he stated in mathematical equation the relationship between Work and Heat:

A question...
I, at least, call the ice point 'freezing point', and the steam point 'boiling point'. Is this significant? Is you definition more precise/accurate terminology, or is it a language difference? Ta, --<IP_ADDRESS> 21:49, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Physics Study Guide/Thermodynamics


text:
Mauro Schmid

Mauro Schmid (born 4 December 1999 in Bülach) is a Swiss cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam. He competed in the scratch at the 2019 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, where he finished 7th.

Road

 * 2017
 * National Junior Championships
 * 2nd Road race
 * 2nd Time trial
 * 3rd Overall GP Général Patton

 * 2018
 * 2nd Overall Tour of Black Sea

 * 2019
 * National Under-23 Championships
 * 1st Road race
 * 3rd Time trial

 * 2020
 * 4th Time trial, National Under-23 Championships

 * 2021 (1 pro win)
 * 1st Stage 11 Giro d'Italia
 * 4th Time trial, National Championships

 * 2022 (2)
 * 1st Team relay, UCI World Championships
 * 1st Overall Tour of Belgium
 * 1st Stage 1 Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
 * National Championships
 * 2nd Time trial
 * 4th Road race
 * 6th Overall Danmark Rundt
 * 6th Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal
 * 10th Overall Tour of Oman

 * 2023 (1)
 * 1st Team relay, UCI World Championships
 * 1st Overall Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
 * 1st Jersey red white.svg Points classification
 * 1st Stage 2 (TTT) UAE Tour
 * 4th Road race, National Championships
 * 5th Overall Tour Down Under
 * 10th Overall Tour de Wallonie

 * 2024 (2)
 * National Championships
 * 1st Road race
 * 5th Time trial
 * 1st Overall Okolo Slovenska
 * 1st Stage 1 (TTT)

Track

 * 2017
 * UEC European Junior Championships
 * 3rd Bronze medal europe.svg Points
 * 3rd Bronze medal europe.svg Team pursuit

 * 2018
 * 3rd Individual pursuit, National Championships

 * 2019
 * UEC European Under-23 Championships
 * 3rd Bronze medal europe.svg Team pursuit
 * 3rd Bronze medal europe.svg Madison (with Robin Froidevaux)

 * 2020
 * UCI World Cup
 * 1st Team pursuit, Cambridge
 * 3rd Team pursuit, Brisbane

Cyclo-cross

 * 2015–2016
 * 2nd National Junior Championships

 * 2016–2017
 * 2nd National Junior Championships
 * 3rd Junior Fae' di Oderzo

title: Mauro Schmid


text:
Peter Maxwell, Lord Maxwell

Peter Maxwell, Lord Maxwell (1919–1994) was a 20th-century Scottish lawyer who served as a Senator of the College of Justice.

Life
He was born on 21 May 1919 to the old, established landowning family of the Maxwells of Munches, near Dalbeattie in the historic county of Kirkcudbrightshire. He was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire.

In the Second World War, he served with the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders and afterwards studied law at Balliol College, Oxford, later was called to the Scottish Bar as an advocate in 1951. He served as Sheriff Principal for Dumfries and Galloway from 1970 to 1973, succeeding David Brand. In 1973 he was elected a Senator of the College of Justice.

He served as chairman of the Scottish Law Commission from 1981 to 1988.

He died in Edinburgh on 2 January 1994.

Family
In 1941 he married Alison Readman. They had four children.

title: Peter Maxwell, Lord Maxwell


text:
rasante

Etymology
From, present participle of.

Adjective

 * 1)  Sweeping; grazing; applied to a style of fortification in which the command of the works over each other, and over the country, is kept very low, so that the shot may more effectually sweep or graze the ground before them

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) not above the aim
 * 2) low-flying

Noun

 * 1) low-flying traject

Adjective

 * 1) low-flying

title: rasante


text:
Jada Benn Torres

Jada Benn Torres is an American genetic anthropologist and Associate Professor of Anthropology at Vanderbilt University. She serves as Director of the Laboratory of Genetic Anthropology and Biocultural Studies. Her research considers the genetic ancestry of African and Indigenous people

Early life and education
Benn Torres' parents are from Trinidad. She has said that the childhood stories her father told her about her ancestors inspired her career in anthropology. Benn Torres earned her undergraduate degree in anthropology at the University of Notre Dame. She moved to the University of New Mexico for her graduate studies, where she investigated African ancestry throughout the Anglophone Caribbean region. After earning her doctorate, Benn Torres moved to University of Chicago.

Research and career
In 2008 Benn Torres joined the University of Notre Dame, where she was the first molecular anthropologist member of faculty. Molecular anthropology At Notre Dame Benn Torres used genetics to study the distribution of disease across different populations. She studied why African-Americans were more likely to develop uterine fibroids at a younger age than women from other populations. She moved to the Anthropology Department at Vanderbilt University in 2016. Benn Torres combines genetic epidemiology and anthropology to better understand health disparities.

Awards and honours

 * 2015 Gabriel Ward Lasker Award
 * 2017 Vanderbilt University Provost Research Studios
 * 2021 Robert W. Sussman Award

Selected publications

title: Jada Benn Torres


text:
Exposed point

In mathematics, an exposed point of a convex set $$C$$ is a point $$x\in C$$ at which some continuous linear functional attains its strict maximum over $$C$$. Such a functional is then said to expose $$x$$. There can be many exposing functionals for $$x$$. The set of exposed points of $$C$$ is usually denoted $$\exp(C)$$.

A stronger notion is that of strongly exposed point of $$C$$ which is an exposed point $$x \in C$$ such that some exposing functional $$f$$ of $$x$$ attains its strong maximum over $$C$$ at $$x$$, i.e. for each sequence $$(x_n) \subset C$$ we have the following implication: $$f(x_n) \to \max f(C) \Longrightarrow \|x_n -x\| \to 0$$. The set of all strongly exposed points of $$C$$ is usually denoted $$\operatorname{str}\exp(C)$$.

There are two weaker notions, that of extreme point and that of support point of $$C$$.

title: Exposed point


text:
Les Archives du spectacle

Les Archives du spectacle – The Performing Arts Archive – is an online French database covering live performance (theatre, dance, opera, puppetry, etc.). It was created in 2007.

The site is designed to provide free information about plays, actors, actresses, directors, playwrights and other people and companies involved in the development of a show, a play, a musical or an opera in a French-speaking country (France, Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Canada). Details are given of major revivals as well as new works. Foreign shows performed in France are sometimes covered. The site offers no judgments on the quality of the shows it covers.

The site is run from the city of Montpellier. It operates in co-operation with the French Performing Arts Archives and ARTCENA, a national centre created by the French Ministry of Culture to coordinate and increase digital resources on circus, street and theatre arts.

title: Les Archives du spectacle


text:
In re Terrorist Attacks on September 11, 2001

In re Terrorist Attacks on September 11, 2001 is a multidistrict litigation (MDL) lawsuit that seeks redress for the victims of the September 11 terrorist attacks and their families. The suit is currently pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. It was originally filed in 2002 in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia as Burnett v. Al Baraka Banking and Investment on behalf of a group of 600 9/11 survivors and family members who called themselves the 9/11 Families United to Bankrupt Terrorism. The plaintiffs' group eventually grew to include more than 6,500 members.

The case has had so many delays that it has been compared to Jarndyce v. Jarndyce, an endless legal dispute that was the subject of the novel Bleak House by Charles Dickens. Since 2013 the case has focused mainly on alleged connections between the 9/11 attacks and the government of Saudi Arabia.

Motley Rice, a law firm that represented the plaintiffs, at one point helped to form the investigative firm Rosetta Research and Consulting in order to research links between the September 11 plot and the Saudi royal family. Rosetta became involved in operations with the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). In 2005, Rosetta helped convince Haji Bashir Noorzai, an Afghan drug lord, to come to New York, where he was quickly arrested by the DEA.


text:
Talk:Manuela Kraller

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Her stage name
She has at one point went by "Manuela Kraller Anaya" which leads to the odd correct/note. In 2020 she had named her band "Alanae" for the single "Return to elements". As of January 2023 she is changing all accounts to "Anaya". It's hard to address as she is not open about it, and she is not commenting on the change. But it can be seen. Devilmanozzy (talk) 20:43, 1 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Manuela Kraller


text:
World Saxophone Quartet: Plays Duke Ellington

Plays Duke Ellington is an album by the jazz group the World Saxophone Quartet, released in 1986.

The album marked a departure for the quartet, as their first six albums had been of music written by the four musicians themselves; this was their first venture into jazz standards.

Reception
In a 5-star review for AllMusic, Scott Yanow wrote: "Although the tunes... are familiar, the interpretations are certainly unusual, showing respect for the original melodies and then coming up with new directions. This is thought-provoking music that serves as the perfect introduction to the unique World Saxophone Quartet."

Critic Robert Christgau stated: "I admire the way the quartet format suggests sonorous magnificence without deploying an embarrassment of riches in its service. Barely touched by deconstructive anarchy, these homages constitute the richest, mellowest music ever recorded by a group whose accomplishment has always been tarnished by a certain theoretical veneer."

The authors of the Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings wrote that the album "marks a gentle, middle-market turn that did the group no harm at all... The sound is better than usual, with no congestion round about the middle, as on some of the earlier sets."

Writing for The Washington Post, Mike Joyce commented: "Not only is this the band's most accessible album... but it's also the group's crowning glory -- a deeply felt and strikingly original homage to Ellington's genius... It's also hard to imagine Ellington... not being pleased with these results."

Track listing

 * 1) "Take the 'A' Train" (Strayhorn) – 1:33
 * 2) "Lush Life" (Strayhorn) – 6:30
 * 3) "Prelude to a Kiss" (Ellington–Gordon–Mills) – 2:43
 * 4) "Sophisticated Lady" (Ellington–Mills–Parish) – 4:41
 * 5) "I Let a Song Go Out of My Heart" (Ellington–Mills–Nemo) – 6:02
 * 6) "Come Sunday" (Ellington) – 7:36
 * 7) "In a Sentimental Mood" (Ellington–Kurtz–Mills) – 5:16
 * 8) "Take the 'A' Train" (Strayhorn) – 4:55

Personnel

 * Hamiet Bluiett – baritone saxophone
 * Julius Hemphill – alto saxophone
 * Oliver Lake – alto saxophone
 * David Murray – tenor saxophone


text:
Talk:Den Fujita

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text:
CrossVegas

CrossVegas, known in 2018 as RenoCross, was a Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) sanctioned Cyclo-cross race that took place in Las Vegas on a Wednesday evening in September after the first full day of the Interbike trade show. In 2015 CrossVegas became the first UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup race outside Europe.

History
CrossVegas started in 2007. The night-time race took place under the lights in September each year at the Desert Breeze Park, just minutes from the famous Las Vegas Strip. As the first UCI Cyclocross World Cup race of the season, the race course included many unique features not found in other cyclocross races, including a "ramp" providing a curved velodrome banking. Other course features included 4 sets of stairs, 1 set of barrier (planks), a sand pit and 2 flyovers.

In addition to the UCI elite men's and women's category races, CrossVegas had a USA Cycling race categories and a Wheelers and Dealers Race for representatives of the cycling industry.

CrossVegas saw impressive growth since its inaugural race in 2007, and each year attracted an increasingly elite field of U.S. and foreign racers as well as over 10,000 spectators. It was sponsored by Clif Bar since 2011. Despite its relatively short history, CrossVegas quickly ascended to the top of the international cyclocross racing scene and boasted the accolade of being America's biggest cyclocross race.

In 2015, the UCI designated CrossVegas the first UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup race outside Europe

title: CrossVegas


text:
Talk:Dara Singh/Tributes

Tributes
Many Politicians, business men and Bollywood stars paid tribute to him, after learning about his death.

"' I am deeply saddened to learn of the passing away of Shri Dara Singh, who has been an inspiration and icon to many   generations in our country. A self-educated son-of-the-soil, he rose to the   heights of the entertainment world, sports arena and public life with   humility and grace. His contribution to the Hindi and Punjabi cinema,   wrestling and the Upper House of the Parliament will be remembered by   millions.” -Manmohan Singh"

"' With his demise the Hindi film industry has lost a devoted artist. From the ring to screen, he won the hearts of generations! Our heartfelt tributes to Rustam-e-Hind Dara Singh. May his soul rest in peace.' -Narendra Modi"

"' It is very painful to know about the sad demise of Shri Dara Singh ji. He distinguished himself not only as a sportsperson but also as an Actor and a Member of Parliament. He was a legend in his life time. Yet he was very simple and humble. May his soul rest in peace. ' -Sushma Swaraj"

"' Sad that Dara Singh, a wrestler,actor and a symbol of Strength ‘The Hanuman’ no more. RIP ' -Ajay Maken"

"' His acting career was most memorable for the intensity and diversity of characters that he had portrayed. His role as a nominated MP is remembered by one and all. We pray to the Almighty to grant them the strength and fortitude to withstand this tragedy.' -Hamid Ansari"

"' Wrestlers r made of sweat,determination & a hard to find alloy called guts...most apt for Dara Singhji our very Superman.Will miss u sir' -Shahrukh Khan"

"' Very sad to hear about dara singh ji! May his soul rest in peace !! Heart goes out to vindu and family.' -Yuvraj Singh"

"' Along with the whole country I mourn the sad demise of Dara Singh ji. May his soul rest in peace.' -Sachin Tendulkar"

"' RIP DARA SINGH, Rustam-e-Hind, India's iconic wrestler, pride of Punjab, loved by all generations. We'll miss you deeply.' -Kabir Bedi"

"' Dara Singh passes away!Memories of this warm 'pehlwan' turned actor flicker in my memory.When childhood heroes die the world looks desolate.' -Mahesh Bhatt"

"' Dara was a gem of a man, earthy and robust, with a heart of gold. I pray for his soul and for the family to bear the loss with fortitude. Memories fill my mind of the times Dara and I talked in Punjabi when we met to raise funds for Film Industry Welfare Fund.' -Dilip Kumar"

"' Just heard about Dara Singhji's demise, saddened. An inspiration and amazing entertainer to so many. We will miss you. RIP.' -Arjun Rampal"

"' Dara Singh was a wonderful man.. Had the privilege of working with him a few times. He was always soft spoken, gentle and smiling.. RIP.' -Mandira Bedi"

"' A legend passes away, Dara Singh. Our condolences to his family. We will all miss him.' -Madhuri Dixit"

"' Dara Singh ji passed away this morning. A great Indian and one of the finest humans..An entire era of his celebrated presence gone !' -Amitabh Bachchan"

"' Dara ji passes away. Had the honour of working with him in Shararat. The most gentle and kind man. Really looked up to him. Will miss him.' -Abhishek Bachchan"

"' Sad to know the great Dara Singh ji is no more. Some more goodness taken away from us... He was Hanuman for every kid and the God of all wrestlers, the original action hero who truly inspired me. May his soul rest in peace. ' -Akshay Kumar"

"' Rare when an individual’s name becomes an idiom..During my schooldays, any strong guy was a ‘Dara Singh’ May he find new rings to wrestle in. ' -Anand Mahindra"

"' He (Dara Singh) was the most amazing person to work with. I know his children really well. As a person, he was the most incredible. It is a huge loss to us and god bless his soul.' -Salman Khan"

"'RIP Dara Singh ji. He was the original action man! Iconic, an idol to all Indian wrestlers and fighters. He still remains an inspiration!' -Raj Kundra"

"'Sad to learn of Dara Singh’s passing away..for our generation, strength meant ‘Dara Singh’' -Sanjay Manjrekar"

"'Rip daraji,the original He Man of hindi cinema, the darling grandfather,the stalwart. U will always remain larger than life in our memories! ' -Vivek Oberoi"

"' RIP DARA SINGH.....have the most heartfelt memories.....' -Karan Johar"

"' RIP dara sigh ji ....... Was a privilege to have know n him and worked with him ' -Shahid Kapoor"

"'Dara Singh ji was LARGER than life but never made anyone feel dwarfed with his presence. The strongest and the humblest. A Hero All The Way. ' -Anupam Kher"

"' Extremely sad to hear about Dara Singh ji's demise.. Rest in Peace Sir. ' -Sunidhi Chauhan"

"' The gentlest giant is no more.Dara uncle the 1st ever action hero of our country,rest in peace. ' -Farah Khan"

"' Bharat Ka Laal jisne desh ka naam aur samman sheersh par rakhaa. Dara Singh hamesha ke liye shant ho gayaa, wah dara ji koi jiye to aise ' -Kailash Kher"

"' RIP Dara Singh Ji! ' -Bipasha Basu"

"' To live in hearts we leave behind is not to die' RIP Dara Singh. My heartfelt condolences to Vindu,Amrik & the entire family. ' -Pooja Bedi"

title: Talk:Dara Singh/Tributes


text:
Music theory

Composition is an exciting venue to explore and, here, you can find courses on the elements of music and how to use them as building blocks to write your own music.

Introductory Courses

 * Introduction to music
 * Fundamentals of Music
 * Beginners Music Theory
 * Understanding music
 * Music Appreciation
 * Harmony
 * Beginning Composition
 * Fixed media composition

Music Theory Sequence

 * Music Theory I
 * Music Theory II
 * Music Theory III
 * Music Theory IV

Media

 * Analysis of backing vocals

External

 * Music Theory on Reddit - Learn about and discuss music theory on Reddit

ja:Topic:Music theory

title: Music theory


text:
Portal:Portals

Categories

 * Category:Categories with portals
 * Category:Wikiversity portals
 * Category:Portals under construction
 * Category:Portal

Portal creation
Do you want to expand this site? You can view potential portals to create here.

Reform

 * Portal reform

title: Portal:Portals


text:
Kim Seung-hyun

Kim Seung-hyun is a Korean name consisting of the family name Kim and the given name Seung-hyun, and may also refer to:

 * (born 1960), South Korean television host
 * Kim Seung-hyun (basketball) (born 1978), South Korean basketball player
 * Kim Seung-hyun (footballer) (born 1979), South Korean footballer
 * (born 1981), South Korean actor

title: Kim Seung-hyun


text:
2nd Royal Tank Regiment

The 2nd Royal Tank Regiment (2 RTR) was an armoured regiment of the British Army. It was part of the Royal Tank Regiment, itself part of the Royal Armoured Corps and the 1st Mechanized Brigade.

History
Founded as B Battalion, Tank Corps in 1917, the 2 RTR first saw action in the First World War with the advent of tank technology. It later fought in the Second World War. In 1992, it merged with the 3rd Royal Tank Regiment, keeping their own original title. It became the second regiment to be equipped with the Challenger 2 in 1998.

Sabre squadrons were deployed by the regiment to Iraq on Operation Telic in 2003 and 2007. After a long period in Fallingbostel, Germany, the regiment moved back to Aliwal Barracks in Tidworth in July 2007. On 25 June 2008 at Buckingham Palace, both 1RTR and 2RTR were presented with their new Standard by The Queen, which included the new Battle Honour of Al Basrah 2003.

Units were deployed to Afghanistan on Operation Herrick in 2010.

In August 2014 the regiment merged with 1RTR to form the Royal Tank Regiment. The new regiment is based at Aliwal Barracks in Tidworth and is one of three armoured regiments equipped with the Challenger II tank.

2003 friendly fire incident
In March 2003 Sergeant Steven Roberts of 2 RTR was shot and killed near Basra in an incident of friendly fire. Another soldier in 2 RTR had been attempting to protect Sergeant Roberts from a stone-wielding Iraqi protester that he was struggling with, who also died. An inquest heard that the soldier responsible was not aware that the machine gun used was inaccurate at short ranges. The inquest found that the shooting was an accident and that Roberts died because the Army failed to provide him with Enhanced Combat Body Armour.

Organisation
The Armoured Regiment consisted of 5 Squadrons:

 * Nero Squadron - Headquarters and Support
 * Cyclops Squadron - Armoured Squadron
 * Badger Squadron - Armoured Squadron
 * Egypt Squadron - Armoured Squadron
 * Falcon Squadron - Armoured Reconnaissance Squadron

Commanding Officers
The Commanding Officers have been:

 * style="text-align:left; width:50%; vertical-align:top;"|
 * 1958–1960: Lt.-Col. Patrick R.C. Hobart:
 * 1960–1963: Lt.-Col. A.R.E. Davis
 * 1963–1965: Lt.-Col. John G.R. Allen
 * 1965–1967: Lt.-Col. Douglas W.A. Ambidge
 * 1967–1970: Lt.-Col. Thomas S.M. Welch
 * 1970–1973: Lt.-Col. Geoffrey L.D. Duckworth
 * 1973–1975: Lt.-Col. Michael J. Evans
 * 1975–1977: Lt.-Col. Keith R. Ecclestone
 * 1977–1979: Lt.-Col. Peter D. Bentley
 * 1979–1980: Lt.-Col. William S. Bale
 * 1980–1982: Lt.-Col. David A. Williams
 * 1982–1984: Lt.-Col. Robert W.M. McAfee
 * 1984–1987: Lt.-Col. Christopher J.A. Hammerbeck

 * style="text-align:left; width:50%; vertical-align:top;"|

 * 1987–1988: Lt.-Col. David W. Lloyd-Edwards
 * 1988–1991: Lt.-Col. Andrew C.I. Gadsby
 * 1991–1993: Lt.-Col. A. David Leakey
 * 1993–1995: Lt.-Col. Stephen J.B. White
 * 1995–1997: Lt.-Col. Nigel R.F. Aylwin-Foster
 * 1997–2000: Lt.-Col. Simon Caraffi
 * 2000–2002: Lt.-Col. Patrick J. Allison
 * 2002–2004: Lt.-Col. Piers D.P. Hankinson
 * 2004–2006: Lt.-Col. John R. Patterson
 * 2006–2008: Lt.-Col. David A. Catmur
 * 2008–2010: Lt.-Col. T. Marcus L. Simson
 * 2010–2012: Lt.-Col. Marcus H. Evans
 * 2012–2014: Lt.-Col. Jason M. Williams

title: 2nd Royal Tank Regiment


text:
verificar

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to verify

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to verify; to determine accuracy or precision; to compare against a standard
 * 2) to confirm the truth
 * 1) to confirm the truth

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to verify

Etymology
. ..

Verb

 * 1) to verify
 * 2) to observe, to occur

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to verify, check

title: verificar


text:
Austin Bay (Nunavut)

Austin Bay is an Arctic waterway in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located in Dolphin and Union Strait, by southwestern Victoria Island. It is separated from the Coronation Gulf by a small peninsula. Lady Franklin Point is located at the southwest point of the bay.

Climate
Climate data is from Lady Franklin Point.

title: Austin Bay (Nunavut)


text:
Talk:Dominic Hubbard, 6th Baron Addington

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Introduction to Astrophysics/Laws and Formulae

Kepler's Laws

 * 1) The orbit of each planet is an ellipse which has the sun at one of its foci.
 * 2) Each planet moves in such a way that the line joining it to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times.
 * 3) The squares of the periods of revolution of the planets about the Sun are proportional to the cubes of their mean distance from it.

Newton's gravitational law
$$F = G\frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$$

Black body radiation
Wein’s displacement law(only for black bodies)

λmax = W/T

Wein’s constant(W)= 2.90 × 10−3 m K

T= temperature of the black body

Stefan's Law
$$E = {\sigma}{T^4}$$

Apparent Magnitude
$$m = -2.5 \log_{10} I + K$$

Pogson's Formula
$$m_1 - m_2 = 2.5 \log_{10} \left(\frac{I_2}{I_1}\right)$$

Absolute Magnitude
$$m - M = 5 \log_{10} \left(\frac{d}{10}\right)$$