text:
Talk:Russian/Lesson 2

Untitled
sda

Corrections
There is a common error among the phrases on this page. The practice of о being pronounced as /a/ only applies to the syllable immediately before the stress.

Exx. "зовут" -> /zavut/

 * молоко and скоро ;) <IP_ADDRESS> 15:36, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I am also confused about this. According to this guide, the stressed syllable sounds like "oh", the syllable before that sounds like "ah", and all of the others sound like "uh". If that is the case, shouldn't the pronunciation of хорошо́ be 'khu-ra-SHO', instead of 'kha-ru-SHO'?  I have not studied Russian for a while, so I do not remember which way is correct. <IP_ADDRESS> (discuss) 18:54, 22 November 2013 (UTC)

Stress
The stress on some words also appears to be incorrect. I will correct some now... --Wolfox4777 16:32, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

I have replaced some of the apostrophes that were used as stress marks with stress marks, so the words don't look like "don't". --Nhesketh (talk) 22:12, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

IPA
It would be nice if someone familiar with IPA could fix this page, and leave the latin for the transliteration instead of pronunciation. <IP_ADDRESS> 15:37, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Russian/Lesson 2


text:
User:Omegatron/monobook.js

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source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Omegatron/monobook.js


text:
Film Scoring/Introduction:Exam

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="7" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="background-color: #ffffaa; border: 1px solid #777777; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" colspan="2" | [[Image:Exquisite-amorok.png|96px]] "How would you score this movie?" [[Image:Exquisite-xine.png|96px]]

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This is your exam for this course
Read this exam. Complete the lesson. Then answer these questions. Now you have finished the introduction to this course. Look at this exam and then proceed with the rest of the lessons. Much of the questions on this page will be answered by the lessons.

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EXTERIOR - The local movie theater - NIGHT

(1) The Young Person and Old Person stand looking at the movie poster outside the theater.

Slowly dolly in.

A smile begins to form on the young person's face.

(2) The Movie Poster

Cut to the poster and dolly in slowly.

(3) Young Person: "That was a great movie..."

Cut to a side view.

(4) Young Person (contined): "but I do not understand one thing."

The young person's head turns to the older person.

(5) Old Person: "What's that?"

Wide angle shot to show emotional distance between the two characters.

(6) Young Person: "How can anyone be seduced by the Dark Side?"

(7) The old person thinks for a while. Old Person: "Humm!"

(8a) Old Person: "What computer do you..."

(8b) Old Person(off camera): "... have at home?"

Cut in mid sentence to see the young person's anticipation.

(9) Young Person (eagerly): "A Macintosh!"

The young person's face lights up with excitement.

(10) Old Person: "But what computer does your father use at work?"

(11) The young person thinks for a moment. Young Person: "Humm!"

(12) Young Person (amazed and excited): "Seduced by the Dark Side!"

(13) The Old Person smiles. Old Person: "Ahh!"

The face lights with a knowing smile.

(14) Old Person and the Young Person walk toward home together.

Lock the camera for a matte painting.

The camera remains locked. When the matte painting is added, the shot will look like a scene out of Star Wars at Port Isley.

(15) Fade to Black.

The End

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Question 1: The opening music

 * A smiling face
 * When our movie starts, the audience sees the face of a young person. As the camera moves closer, the young person begins to smile. This shot is just three to five seconds long.  (See #1 on the right.)

 * Question : - (1 point)
 * Decide what emotion do you want the audience to feel. Then think of how you would create that mood with music.

 * Send me your answer :
 * @undefined. [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|30px]]

 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #ffffd0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #ffffd0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |

Question 2 - The movie poster

 * Music for the Star Wars movie poster
 * Next, we see what the young person is watching. It is a poster for the movie, Star Wars. (See #2 on the right.)

 * Question : - (1 point)
 * Decide what emotion do you want the audience to feel. Then think of how you would create that mood with music.

 * Send me your answer :
 * @undefined. [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|30px]]

 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 1px solid #ff7777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |
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Question 3 - Thinking music

 * Music for the older person thinking
 * When the older person pauses to think, there needs to be music to explain what the older person is thinking. What kind of music should there be?   (See #7 on the right.)

 * Question : - (1 point)
 * Decide what emotion do you want the audience to feel. Then think of how you would create that mood with music.

 * Send me your answer :
 * @undefined. [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|30px]]

 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #ffffd0; border: 1px solid #ff7777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |
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Question 4 - The Macintosh Computer

 * The Macintosh music
 * When the young person eagerly says, "Macintosh", what music should there be?   (See #9 on the right.)

 * Question : - (1 point)
 * Decide what emotion do you want the audience to feel. Then think of how you would create that mood with music.

 * Send me your answer :
 * @undefined. [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|30px]]

 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 1px solid #77ff77; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |
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Question 5 - More thinking music

 * Young person thinking music
 * When the young person is thinking, what music should play?   (See #11 on the right.)

 * Question : - (1 point)
 * Decide what emotion do you want the audience to feel. Then think of how you would create that mood with music.

 * Send me your answer :
 * @undefined. [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|30px]]

 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #ffffd0; border: 1px solid #77ff77; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #ffffd0; border: 1px solid #77ff77; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |

Question 6 - The revelation

 * Seduced by the Dark Side
 * When the young person exclaims, "Seduced by the dark side!", what music should there be? How should the audience feel?    (See #12 on the right.)

 * Question : - (1 point)
 * Decide what emotion do you want the audience to feel. Then think of how you would create that mood with music.

 * Send me your answer :
 * @undefined. [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|30px]]

 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 1px solid #7777ff; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 1px solid #7777ff; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |

Question 7 - Happy thoughts

 * Older person smiles music
 * When the older person begins to smile, should we still hear the music from before or should there be new music? If new music, what should it be?  How should it make the audience feel?   (See #13 on the right.)

 * Question : - (1 point)
 * Decide what emotion do you want the audience to feel. Then think of how you would create that mood with music.

 * Send me your answer :
 * @undefined. [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|30px]]

 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #ffffd0; border: 1px solid #7777ff; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: #ffffd0; border: 1px solid #7777ff; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |

Question 8 - The finalé

 * Walking home music
 * When the movie ends, what music should we hear as the younger person and the older person walk home together?  (See #14 on the right.)

 * Question : - (1 point)
 * Decide what emotion do you want the audience to feel. Then think of how you would create that mood with music.

 * Send me your answer :
 * @undefined. [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|30px]]

 * style="width: 60%; background-color: Wheat; border: 1px solid #aaaa77; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |
 * style="width: 60%; background-color: Wheat; border: 1px solid #aaaa77; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |

FrameForge 3D Studio is great fun!

 * Highly Recommended
 * The images in this storyboard to the right were created quickly and easily using the free demo version of FrameForge 3D Studio. This is a wonderful program that all filmmakers should immediately download.  Your instructor highly recommends this program.

 * Free Demo Version
 * When you requrest to download the demo version, please list your middle name as "WikiU". Robert Elliott 16:09, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
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The next age

 * Now you begin learning and practicing the basic methods of creating film scores for filmmakers who are not musicians.
 * Lesson 1: Creating the sound of fear [[Image:Crystal Clear action forward.png|24px]]

 * }

title: Film Scoring/Introduction:Exam


text:
GCSE Science/Three useful components

GCSE Science/Electricity

This page looks at three components that are used in electrical circuits. The three components in question are: The diode, the thermistor, and the light dependent resistor. You will see how the components work and how they are used.

The Diode
A diode is a device that allows current to flow in one direction but not in the reverse direction. Its circuit symbol consists of a triangle pointing in the direction that current is allowed to flow with a line at the point, inside a circle. Diodes are useful for stopping current flowing in the "wrong" direction.

Above is a current voltage graph for a typical diode. Note that the diode needs a small voltage (about 0.6V) to work. Below 0.6V in the forward direction very little current flows. At or above 0.6V the resistance drops dramatically and a huge current can flow. In the reverse direction, virtually no current flows no matter how large the voltage is. (Eventually, when the voltage gets high enough, the diode "breaks down" and current is able to flow in the reverse direction. For normal diodes however this "break down voltage" is very high and can be ignored.  A diode that is connected in reverse to use the break down effect is called a Zener diode.  It is used to provide voltage control in power supplies (called the Zener voltage).)

Diodes are useful for turning AC current into DC current (AC/DC converters are called rectifiers). In AC the electricity flows back and forth in cycles. Mains electricity is AC. It cycles 50 times every second. This is fine for something like a lightbulb, where the bulb does not care in which direction the electricity flows. Some devices however can only work off DC. A toy electric train for example would not go with AC. The current would be saying "go forwards", "go backwards" over and over again 50 times a second! With a diode in the circuit the negative part of the cycle is stopped.

The graph on the left shows AC current. Note that the current cycles positive, negative, positive, and so on. The electricity is flowing to and fro. Putting the current through a diode has the result seen on the right. The positive part of the cycle in unaffected, but the negative is wiped out. The current goes positive, zero, positive.

The Thermistor

A thermistor is a just a resistor whose resistance depends on temperature. Most thermistors have lower resistance when the temperature is high. They are used in circuits which are temperature dependent. For example, fire alarms, the temperature gets too high; the alarm sounds.

The LDR
A light dependent resistor is a resistor whose resistance depends on the amount of light shining on it. Its resistance gets less the more light shines on it. It can be used in circuits that are light dependent. For example, switching circuits for street lights. The ambient light gets too low; the lamp turns on. It is also known as a photoresistor from photo, the Latin for light.

Questions
Safety in Mains circuits>>

title: GCSE Science/Three useful components


text:
2001–02 2. Liga (Slovakia)

The 2001–02 season of the Slovak Second Football League (also known as 2. liga) was the ninth season of the league since its establishment. It began on 28 July 2001 and ended on 8 June 2002.

title: 2001–02 2. Liga (Slovakia)


text:
Engineering Thermodynamics/Applications

One Component Systems
All materials can exist in three phases: solid, liquid, and gas. All one component systems share certain characteristics, so that a study of a typical one component system will be quite useful.

For this analysis, we consider heat transferred to the substance at constant pressure. The above chart shows temperature vs. specific volume (1/density) curves for at three different constant pressures. The three line-curves labeled p1, p2, and pc above are isobars, showing conditions at constant pressure. When the liquid and vapor coexist, it is called a saturated state. There is no change in temperature or pressure when liquid and vapor are in equilibrium, so that the temperature is called saturation temperature and the pressure is called saturation pressure. Saturated states are represented by the horizontal lines in the chart. In the temperature range where both liquid and vapor of a pure substance can coexist in equilibrium, for every value of saturated temperature, there is only one corresponding value of saturation pressure. If the temperature of the liquid is lower than the saturation temperature, it is called subcooled liquid. If the temperature of the vapor or gas is greater than the saturation temperature it is called superheated vapor.

The amount of liquid and vapor in a saturated mixture is specified by its quality x, which is the fraction of vapor in the mixture. Thus, the horizontal line representing the vaporization of the fluid has a quality of x=0 at the left endpoint where it is 100% liquid and a quality of x=1 at the right endpoint where it is 100% vapor. The blue curve in the preceding diagram shows saturation temperatures for saturated liquid i. e. where x=0. The green curve in the diagram shows saturation temperatures for saturated vapor i. e. where x=1. These curves are not isobars.

$$ x = \frac{m_g}{m_f + m_g} $$

$$ v_x = \left(   1 - x  \right)v_f + xv_g $$

$$ v_{fg} = v_g - v_f $$

If you also consider the solid state, then we get the phase diagram for the material. The point where the solid, liquid, and the vapor state exist in equilibrium is called the triple point. Note that as the saturation temperatures increase, the liquid and vapor specific volumes approach each other until the blue and green curves come together and meet at point C on the pc isobar. At that point C, called the critical point, the liquid and vapor states merge together and all their thermodynamic properties become the same. The critical point has a certain temperature Tc, and pressure pc, which depend on the substance in question. At temperatures above the critical point, the substance is considered a super-heated gas.

This diagram is based on the diagram for water. Other pure (one-component) substances have corresponding temperature vs. specific volume diagrams which are fairly similarly shaped, but the temperatures, pressures, and specific volumes will vary.

The thermodynamic properties of materials are given in charts. One commonly used chart is the Mollier Chart, which is the plot of enthalpy versus entropy. The pressure enthalpy chart is frequently used in refrigeration applications. Charts such as these are useful because many processes are isenthalpic, so obtaining values would be as simple as drawing a straight line on the chart and reading off the data.

Steam tables give the values of specific volume, enthalpy, entropy, and internal energy for different temperatures for water. They are of great use to an engineer, with applications in steam turbines, steam engines, and air conditioning, among others.

Gas tables give the same equations for common gases like air. Although most gases roughly obey the ideal gas equation, gas tables note the actual values which are more accurate in many cases. They are not as important as steam tables, but in many cases it is much easier to lookup from a table rather than compute answers.

Gibbs Phase Rule
Gibbs phase rule states that for a heterogeneous system in equilibrium with C components in P phases, the degree of freedom F = C - P + 2. Thus, for a one component system with two phases, there is only one degree of freedom. F=1-2+2 F =1 That is, if you are given either the pressure or temperature of wet steam, you can obtain all the properties, while for superheated steam, which has just one phase, you will need both the pressure and the temperature.

Psychrometry
Psychrometry is the study of air and water vapor mixtures for air conditioning. For this application, air is taken to be a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen with the other gases being small enough so that they can be approximated by more of nitrogen and oxygen without much error. In this psychrometry section, vapor refers to water vapor. For air at normal (atmospheric) pressure, the saturation pressure of vapor is very low. Also, air is far away from its critical point in those conditions. Thus, the air vapor mixture behaves as an ideal gas mixture. If the partial pressure of the vapor is smaller than the saturation pressure for water for that temperature, the mixture is called unsaturated. The amount of moisture in the air vapor mixture is quantified by its humidity.

The absolute humidity ω is the ratio of masses of the vapor and air, i.e., ω = mv/ma. Now, applying ideal gas equation, pV = mRT for water vapor and for air, we have, since the volume and temperature are the same, ω = 0.622 pv/pa. The ratio of specific gas constants (R in preceding equation) of water vapor to air equals 0.622.

The relative humidity φ is the ratio of the vapor pressure to the saturation vapor pressure at that temperature, i.e., φ = pv/pv,sat.

The saturation ratio is the ratio of the absolute humidity to the absolute humidity at saturation, or, ψ = ω/ωsat. It is easy to see that the saturation ratio is very close to the value of relative humidity.

The above plot shows the value of absolute humidity versus the temperature. The initial state of the mixture is 1, and it is cooled isobarically, and at constant absolute humidity. When it reaches 2, it is saturated, and its absolute humidity is ωa. Further cooling causes condensation and the system moves to point 3, where its absolute humidity is ωb. The temperature at 2 is called the dew point.

It is customary to state all quantities in psychrometry per unit mass of dry air. Thus, the amount of air condensed in the above chart when moving from 2 to 3 is ωb − ωa.

Adiabatic Saturation

Consider an unsaturated mixture entering a chamber. Suppose water was sprayed into the stream, so that the humidity increases and it leaves as a saturated mixture. This is accompanied by a loss of temperature due to heat being removed from the air which is used for vaporization. If the water supplied is at the temperature of exit of the stream, then there is no heat transfer from the water to the mixture. The final temperature of the mixture is called adiabatic saturation temperature.

Wet Bulb Temperature
The relative humidity of air vapor mixtures is measured by using dry and wet bulb thermometers. The dry bulb thermometer is an ordinary thermometer, while the wet bulb thermometer has its bulb covered by a moist wick. When the mixture flows past the two thermometers, the dry bulb thermometer shows the temperature of the stream, while water evaporates from the wick and its temperature falls. This temperature is very close to the adiabatic saturation temperature if we neglect the heat transfer due to convection.

Psychrometric Chart

This chart gives the value of absolute humidity versus temperature, along with the enthalpy. From this chart you can determine the relative humidity given the dry and wet bulb temperatures. We have, from the first law, that for a flow system with no heat transfer, the enthalpy is a constant. Now, for the adiabatic saturation process, there is no heat transfer taking place, so that the adiabatic saturation lines are the same as the wet bulb temperature and the constant enthalpy lines.

Questions

1. The temperature at Phoenix is 35 °C with a relative humidity of 40%. Can a room be cooled using a conventional air cooler?

 * We need to find the wet bulb temperature for the point T = 35°C and φ = 40%. We have, from the psychrometric chart, the wet bulb temperature is between 20 and 25°C.  Thus, you can cool the room down to a comfortable temperature using an evaporative cooler.

2. The temperature of Los Angeles is 37 °C with relative humidity of 83%. To what temperature can a room be cooled using a conventional air cooler?

 * The wet bulb temperature is about 34.2°C for this situation. Thus, you cannot use an ordinary cooler to reduce room temperature in this situation.  You will need to use an air conditioner.

Air Conditioning
The human body can work efficiently only in a narrow range of conditions. Further, it rejects about 60 W of heat continuously into the surroundings, and more during heavy exercise. The temperature of the body is maintained by the evaporation of sweat from the body. Thus, for comfort, both the temperature and the relative humidity should be low.

Conventional air conditioning consists of setting the humidity at an acceptable level, while reducing the temperature. Reducing the humidity to zero is not the ideal objective. For instance, low humidity leads to issues like high chances of static electricity building up, leading to damage of sensitive electronic equipment. A humidity level of 50% is more acceptable in this case.

The most common method of reducing humidity is to cool the air using a conventional air conditioner working on a reversed Carnot cycle. The vapor that condenses is removed. Now, the air that is produced is very cold, and needs to be heated back up to room temperature before it is released back to the air conditioned area.

Common Thermodynamic Cycles
Several thermodynamic cycles used in machines can be approximated with idealized cycles. It was shown previously that a Carnot engine was the most efficient engine operating between two thermal reservoirs. However, due to practical difficulties, Carnot cycle cannot be implemented in all situations. The following sections deal with idealized (non Carnot) systems found in practice.

Rankine Cycle
In the Rankine cycle, also called the standard vapor power cycle, the working fluid follows a closed cycle. We will consider water as a working substance. Other materials can be also used, for example organic one (see Organic Rankine Cycle); properties of the working fluids in use has great influence on the actual process. In the Rankine cycle, water is pumped from a low pressure to a high pressure using a liquid pump. This water is then heated in the boiler at constant pressure where its temperature increases and it is converted to superheated vapor. This vapor is then expanded in an expander to generate work. This expander can be a turbine or a reciprocating (i.e. piston) machine such as those used in older steam locomotive or ship. The output of the expander is then cooled in a condenser to the liquid state and fed to the pump. The Rankine cycle differs from the Carnot cycle in that the input to the pump is a liquid (it is cooled more in the condenser). This allows the use of a small, low power pump due to the lower specific volume of liquid compared to steam. Also, the heat transfer in the boiler takes place mainly as a result of a phase change, compared to the isothermal heating of the ideal gas in the Carnot cycle, so that the efficiency is quite good (even though it is still lower than the Carnot efficiency). The amount of heat transferred as the liquid is heated to its boiling point is very small compared to the heat transfer during phase change. The steam is superheated so that no liquid state exists inside the turbine. Condensation in the turbine can be devastating as it can cause corrosion and erosion of the blades.

There are several modifications to the Rankine cycle leading to even better practical designs. In the reheat cycle there are two expanders working in series, and the steam from the high pressure stage is heated again in the boiler before it enters the low pressure expander. This avoids the problem of moisture in the turbine and also increases the efficiency. The regenerative cycle is another modification to increase the efficiency of the Rankine cycle. In many Rankine cycle implementations, the water enters the boiler in the subcooled state, and also, the large difference in temperature between the one at which heat is supplied to the boiler and the fluid temperature will give rise to irreversibilities which will cause the efficiency to drop. In the regenerative cycle, the output of the condenser is heated by some steam tapped from the expander. This causes the overall efficiency to increase, due to the reasons noted above.

Otto Cycle

The Otto Cycle is the idealization for the process found in the reciprocating internal combustion engines which are used by most automobiles. While in an actual engine the gas is released as exhaust, this is found to be a good way to analyze the process. There are, of course, other losses too in the actual engine. For instance, partial combustion and aspiration problems for a high speed engine. The working material in the idealized cycle is an ideal gas, as opposed to the air fuel mixture in an engine.

 * 1) Heat is transferred at constant volume during 1-2.
 * 2) The gas expands reversibly and adiabatically during 2-3, where work is done.
 * 3) Heat is rejected at constant volume at low temperature during 3-4.
 * 4) The gas is compressed reversibly and adiabatically in 4-1.

Analysis
Heat is transferred at constant volume in 1-2, so that Q1-2 = m cv(T2 − T1). Similarly, the heat rejected in 3-4 is Q3-4 = m cv (T3 − T4). The thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle is thus

ηth = (Q1-2 − Q3-4)/Q1-2

ηth = 1 − Q3-4/Q1-2

ηth = 1 − (T3 − T4)/(T2 − T1)

Since 2-3 and 4-1 are reversible adiabatic processes involving an ideal gas, we have,

T2/T3 = (V3/V2)γ − 1

and

T4/T1 = (V1/V4)γ − 1

But,

V1 = V2

and

V3 = V4

So, we have

T2/T3 = T1/T4

Thus,

ηth = 1 − (T3/T2)(1 − T4/T3)/(1 − T1/T2)

Or

ηth = 1 − T3/T2

If we introduce the term rc = V3/V2 for the compression ratio, then we have,

ηth = 1 − rc1 − γ

As can be seen, increasing the compression ratio will improve thermal efficiency. However, increasing the compression ratio causes the peak temperature to go up, which may cause spontaneous, uncontrolled ignition of the fuel, which leads to a shock wave traveling through the cylinder, and is called knocking.

Diesel Cycle

The Diesel cycle is the idealized cycle for compression ignition engines (ones that don't use a spark plug). The difference between the Diesel cycle and the Otto cycle is that heat is supplied at constant pressure.

 * 1) Heat is supplied reversibly at constant pressure in 1-2.
 * 2) Reversible adiabatic expansion during which work is done in 2-3.
 * 3) Heat is rejected reversibly at constant volume in 3-4.
 * 4) Gas is compressed reversibly and adiabatically in 4-1.

Analysis
Heat is transferred to the system at constant pressure during 1-2 so that

Qin = m cp (T2 − T1)

Heat is rejected by the system at constant volume during 3-4:

Qout = m cv (T3 − T4)

Thus, the efficiency of the Diesel cycle is

ηth = (Qin − Qout)/Qin

ηth = 1 − Qout/Qin

ηth = 1 − (cv (T3 − T4))/(cp (T2 − T1))

ηth = 1 − (1/γ) (T3 − T4)/(T2 − T1)

$$ \eta_{th} = 1 - \frac{1}{\gamma}\frac{T_4}{T_1} \left( \frac{\frac{T_3}{T_4} - 1}{\frac{T_2}{T_1} - 1} \right) $$

We define the cutoff ratio as rt = V2/V1, and since the pressures at 1 and 2 are equal, we have, applying the ideal gas equation, T2/T1 = rt. Now, for the adiabatic processes 2-3 and 4-1 we have,

$$ \frac{T_2}{T_3} = \left( \frac{V_3}{V_2} \right)^{\gamma - 1} $$

$$ \frac{T_1}{T_4} = \left( \frac{V_4}{V_1} \right)^{\gamma - 1} $$

Since V3 = V4, we have

$$ \frac{T_2}{T_1}\frac{T_4}{T_3} = \left( \frac{V_1}{V_2} \right)^{\gamma - 1} $$

$$ \frac{T_4}{T_3} = \left( \frac{V_1}{V_2} \right)^{\gamma} $$

$$ \eta_{th} = 1 - \frac{1}{\gamma}\frac{1}{r_c^{\gamma - 1}} \left( \frac{r_t^\gamma - 1}{r_t - 1} \right) $$

Dual Cycle

The dual cycle is sometimes used to approximate actual cycles as the time taken for heat transfer in the engine is not zero for the Otto cycle (so not constant volume). In the Diesel cycle, due to the nature of the combustion process, the heat input does not occur at constant pressure.

Gas Turbine Cycle (or Joule-Brayton Cycle)
Gas turbines are rotary internal combustion engines. As the first stage air is drawn in from outside and compressed using a compressor. Then the fuel is introduced and the mixture is ignited in the combustion chamber. The hot gases are expanded using a turbine which produces work. The output of the turbine is vented outside as exhaust.

The ideal gas turbine cycle is shown above. The four stages are

 * 1) Heat input at constant pressure during 1-2.
 * 2) Reversible adiabatic expansion during 2-3, where work is done.
 * 3) Heat rejection at constant pressure during 3-4.
 * 4) Reversible adiabatic compression during 4-1 where work is consumed.

Large amount of work is consumed in process 4-1 for a gas turbine cycle as the working material (gas) is very compressible. The compressor needs to handle a large volume and achieve large compression ratios.

Analysis
The heat input in a gas turbine cycle is given by Qin = m cp (T2 - T1) and the heat rejected Qout = m cp (T3 - T4). Thus the thermal efficiency is given by

$$ \eta_{th} = 1 - \frac{Q_{out}}{Q_{in}} $$

$$ \eta_{th} = 1 - \left(   \frac{T_3 - T_4}{T_2 - T_1}  \right) $$

$$ \eta_{th} = 1 - \frac{T_4}{T_1} \left(   \frac{\frac{T_3}{T_4} - 1}{\frac{T_2}{T_1} - 1}  \right) $$

Since the adiabatic processes take place between the same pressures, the temperature ratios are the same

$$ \eta_{th} = 1 - \frac{T_4}{T_1} = 1 - \frac{1}{ \left(   \frac{p_1}{p_4}    \right)^{\frac{\gamma - 1}{\gamma}}} $$

Or

$$ \eta_{th} = 1 - \frac{1}{r_p^{\frac{\gamma - 1}{\gamma}}} $$

Where rp is the pressure ratio and is a fundamental quantity for the gas turbine cycle.

Refrigeration Cycles
The ideal refrigeration cycle is reverse of Carnot cycle, working as a heat pump instead of as a heat engine. However, there are practical difficulties in making such a system work.

The gas refrigeration cycle is used in aircraft to cool cabin air. The ambient air is compressed and then cooled using work from a turbine. The turbine itself uses work from the compressed air, further cooling it. The output of the turbine as well as the air which is used to cool the output of the compressor is mixed and sent to the cabin.

The Rankine vapor-compression cycle is a common alternative to the ideal Carnot cycle. A working material such as Freon or R-134a, called the refrigerant, is chosen based on its boiling point and heat of vaporization. The components of a vapor-compression refrigeration system are the compressor, condenser, the expansion (or throttling) valve, and the evaporator. The working material (in gaseous form) is compressed by the compressor, and its output is cooled to a liquid in the condenser. The output of the condenser is throttled to a lower pressure in the throttling valve, and sent to the evaporator which absorbs heat. The gas from the evaporator is sent to the compressor, completing the cycle.

Standard refrigeration units use the throttling valve instead of a turbine to expand the gas as the work output that would be produced is not significant to justify the cost of a turbine. There are irreversibilities associated with such an expansion, but it is cost effective when construction costs are considered.

title: Engineering Thermodynamics/Applications


text:
Talk:Dundry Main Road South Quarry

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title: Talk:Dundry Main Road South Quarry


text:
File:Antrim Town Seal.png

Summary
Seal of Antrim, NH. Courtesy of the Town of Antrim, NH. www.antrimnh.com

title: File:Antrim Town Seal.png


text:
Brekov

Brekov is a village and municipality in the Humenné District in the Prešov Region of north-east Slovakia.

History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1314.

Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 145 metres and covers an area of 9.725 km2. It has a population of about 1,265 people.

Landmarks
Situated on a limestone bedrock hill at an altitude of roughly 480 m above sea level, Brekov castle was founded in the late second half of the 13th century. It went through various owners during its history, though the longest ownership was by the Drugeth noble family, residing in nearby Humenné. The castle was damaged in the 1640s and despite some repairs, it was abandoned and fell into ruin after 1684.

Genealogical resources
The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Presov, Slovakia"

 * Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1713-1940 (parish B)

title: Brekov


text:
File:Dunkedindeepposter49.jpg

Summary
Lobby card/poster from The Three Stooges short film Dunked in the Deep. Copyright Columbia Pictures, 1949. Used to illustrate film being described. Image is used under Non-free content rules on the basis of the following:
 * No free equivalent
 * Respect for commercial opportunities
 * Minimal usage
 * Minimal extent of use
 * Previous publication
 * Media-specific policy
 * One-article minimum
 * Contextual significance
 * Restrictions on location
 * Image description page

title: File:Dunkedindeepposter49.jpg


text:
Talk:Introduction to Creative Writing

Review Submission on Ginsberg's America
I think Allen Ginsberg saw this country as a land of opportunity and hope. He expected everything America advertises itself to be: Equal, full of deep and passionate people, accepting. He felt let down by our obsession with pop culture, and our cruel treatment of those who fail to fall into society’s norms. Of course, people are like this everywhere, but I think he felt particularly betrayed because America advertised itself to be different. Ginsberg had such high hopes and they were dashed by greed and poverty. Because of this, he also feels distant, separated from the country he was so excited to be a part of.

I agree with him in some aspect. America claims to be a place of beauty and peace, where we are concerned for others. But as Ginsberg cited in the passage, ‘when will you send your eggs to India’, we really don’t help out that much. We bring more destruction and war much of the time then we do peace.

We are all America. We call make up this country, yet much of the time, we let the flow of society shape us. We’re told we need drugs and medication to be happy, and we listen. We, for the most part, ignore the homeless and those we don’t consider redeemable human beings. We allow them to be forgotten. We build on top of the backs of the blue-collar worker, and don’t give them the credit. We do what we are told we need to do in order to be happy, yet we never achieve it. What is good for one is not good for all.

We rest and judge other countries on how they work. We think that our way is always best. We are not a communistic society, therefore, communism is bad. Individuals will deny thinking this way, yet a lot of the time, we do. When was the last time you gave some money to a panhandler? When was the last time you wrote to someone in prison? When was the last time you thought about the plight of Haiti? We all judge, we all get wrapped up in ourselves. And when we do it as a collective whole, it’s dangerous. We fail to watch each other’s backs, and in our silence, we encourage our own selfish behavior. We become that which we despise.

Those who break those chains of bondage, who snap out of that circular thinking, are condemned insane, sometimes correctly so. And immediately, Americans as a whole begins pushing them to become clones again. “Get on pills! Be normal! Conform!” They attempt to pound them back into the ground, force them into their holes, make them a part of the hive mind again.

If we refuse to ‘give up our obsessions’, our hunts for true freedom, we are shunned and trampled upon like all those who came before us. I agree with Ginsberg. There must be another way to settle this war within ourselves. Or all we ever fought to achieve has been for naught. Wanderingsilverstone 04:01, 13 July 2010 (UTC)

Review submission
Please include your user name along with the time stamp (the second to last button on the edit bar). All reviews are due by 5pm on Fridays.

 * Regarding http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/america.html Yuck! A prime example of why the public school system should teach obsessive people to spend some of their time every day on "my glass is half full" contemplation.  Ginsberg should seek a priest capable of explaining the basics of a faith based belief system, review a timeline of human history and acknowledge there is less murder and more justice in America for more people than ever before in history anywhere.  After thus fortifying himself with some facts regarding the external universe he might be able to expend some mental energy on solving a few problems instead of immersing himself in negativity and whining about his priveleged mode of existence.  user:lazyquasar ~1700 28 Dec 05

Poetry submission
Please include your user name along with the time stamp (the second to last button on the edit bar). All poems are due by 5pm on Fridays they are assigned.

http://americanmohawk.blogspot.com --Noisecontrol 03:01, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

Fiction submission
Please include your user name along with the time stamp (the second to last button on the edit bar). All stories are due by 5pm on Fridays they are assigned.

Literature or Writing?
This strikes me not as a Writing course, but as a Literature course focusing on Fiction in general. Is this intended to be a Lit course, or a Writing course? The Jade Knight 10:12, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

Writing a Book Review
Because many of the assignments involve writing reviews, it may be helpful to include a referral to the course Writing a Book Review. Thanks! --Lbeaumont (discuss • contribs) 11:27, 2 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Introduction to Creative Writing


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/nhacentre.in

Links

 * nhacentre.in resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 5 additions.


text:
GUQ

GUQ or guq may refer to:

 * Georgetown University in Qatar, a campus of Georgetown University in Education City, Qatar
 * GUQ, the IATA code for Guanare Airport, Venezuela
 * guq, the ISO 639-3 code for Aché language, Paraguay

title: GUQ


text:
User:PakistaniGeneralist

About Me
I am a 30 year old and i stay in Islamabad,Pakistan. I love my country and city a lot. I came to wikipedia with a wish of editing Pakistan related articles but there are already great people working on them. So i came into music articles.

Well i am just another minor editor who does minor edits to mostly Astronomy related articles. I have interest in the topic as i like Brian Cox a lot. As the Astronomy related articles have become very good in quality, except 2 or 3, i am thinking of trying my hand at Pakistan related articles. Of course i will continue to work on Astronomy/Cosmology related articles.

I am have currently given my Class 10 board exams and waiting for the result. Unfortunately, i have to leave wikipedia on around 10th May or so as my IIT classes start around that time. It feels really bad, but i will try to do as much as i can before i go.

title: User:PakistaniGeneralist


text:
User:Jessica9387

Brescia University College is a Catholic liberal arts college for women located in London, Ontario, Canada. Affiliated with the University of Western Ontario, Brescia is the only university-level women's college in Canada. It has approximately 1,100 undergraduate students.

Mission statement
Brescia University College is a student-centered community that educates women to think critically and to participate actively in society. A Catholic college in the Ursuline tradition, we prepare our graduates to lead with wisdom, justice and compassion in a changing world.

According to its mission statement, Brescia University College:
 * is a Catholic college in the Ursuline tradition,
 * educates women to think critically and to participate actively in society.
 * is a student-centred community,
 * prepares graduates to respond with wisdom, justice and compassion to a changing world.

Vision statement
Brescia will be the university college of choice for women seeking an inclusive community of learning that combines academic excellence with opportunity for service and leadership.

History
Brescia University College is the only university-level women's college in Canada.

Brescia was founded in 1919 as Ursuline College by the Ursulines. It was originally located at 556 Wellington Street London, Ontario. It was founded as a Roman Catholic affiliate of the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario. From the beginning, the graduates have always received University of Western Ontario degrees. The Ursuline Sisters named the Roman Catholic college after the Italian city of Brescia where their religious institute was founded. The first class was of seven young women. Construction at the present location (1285 Western Road London, Ontario) began in 1923. Brescia Hall was the first building and was built by contractor Joseph Michael Piggot. Brescia Hall was renamed "Ursuline Hall". Ursuline College was renamed "Brescia College" in 1963, and in 2001.

Brescia has a long history of developing women leaders. The Ursuline Sisters- the founders- they’re the front-runners in developing leadership among women. The College continues this tradition through its ongoing focus of educating women and providing students with leadership opportunities through their educational experience renamed "Brescia University College".

Programs

 * Bachelor of Arts (English, French, Psychology, Sociology, Family Studies, Philosophy and Religious Studies, Community Development, Political Science,and Dimensions of Leadership)
 * Bachelor of Management & Organizational Studies
 * Bachelor of Science (Foods & Nutrition)
 * Bachelor of Arts (Human Ecology)
 * Bachelor of Science (Human Ecology)
 * Master of Foods and Nutritional Sciences
 * Certificate in Community Development
 * Certificate in Religious Education

The Honours Bachelors of Science in Foods and Nutrition at Brescia is accredited by Dietitians of Canada. This means people who graduate with this degree are eligible to apply for dietetic internship placements.

The Diploma in Dietetics Education and Practical Training is a one year post-degree, professional program for graduates with an honours degree in Foods and Nutrition within the last three years. This Diploma is a comprehensive internship program, which combines the exceptional learning experiences of academic courses with extensive practical training to prepare the student for a career as a registered dietitian.

The Master of Foods and Nutritional Sciences programme is divided into two streams. The internship stream is for people who have graduated from a programme accredited by Dietitians of Canada. It combines a masters degree and an internship and upon graduating, the person has an MSc and can write the exam needed to become a registered dietitian. The second stream is for people who are already a Registered Dietitian in Canada.

Brescia also offers a Pre-University Year programme. According to the Brescia website, the Preliminary Year is a one-year university preparatory programme taught by university professors on the College campus. This programme is co-educational.

• The Preliminary Year: For students who lack the admission requirements for first year university

• CultureWorks: Brescia partners with an English Language school for students needing help with their English language skills

• The English Language Centre at Western University: Brescia partners with Western’s English Language Centre, where students who require training in the English language can submit a joint application for ESL and degree programs at Brescia

• Wise Program: Students in Grade 12 from a local high school can take a Brescia course

The Preliminary Year programme and the Masters of Science are co-education; all undergraduate programs are women-only. However, all courses are accessible to UWO students, male or female, including students from Western's two other affiliated university colleges.

Our Campus
Brescia University College, Canada’s only women’s university is situated on a hill surrounded by beautiful gardens and open greenery areas in London, Ontario.

The supportive and welcoming campus features a castle-like Usuline Hall and a brand new modern residence and Mercato dining pavilion.

The Mother St. James Memorial Building is where most classes are held the Beryl Ivey Library.

The Western University campus is a short walking distance from the Brescia campus just down the hill.

Residence
Why Live in Residence?

• As a first-year student or an upper-year student, everyone is guaranteed a place in residence as a Brescia student

• Convenience. All of your classes at Brescia are less than a five-minute walk and the intercampus shuttle stop to Western main campus and King’s is right outside the residence.

• Great Food. The Mercato at Clare Hall is headed by a Red Seal Chef and has a wide range of stations offering fresh, made-to-order dishes with emphasis on local foods.

• Common areas in the residence have a kitchenette, including an oven, microwave, sink, fridge, and eating area for students’ use.

• In residence, there are so many new people to meet and will always be surrounded by a community. Some of these friendships will last a lifetime.

• Personal Growth Outside the Classroom. Brescia Residence offers a wide range of involvement, leadership, employment, and service opportunities that allow students to develop valuable skills.

• Upper-Year Floors. Stay in residence after first year in an atmosphere that empowers upper-year students to still be responsible, independent, and mature

Each room is equipped with:

• Built in 7-foot floor-to-ceiling closets

• Built in desk, shelves, and window seat

• A queen-sized bed

• An ergonomic and fully-adjustable desk chair

• A moveable night stand

• Wireless Rez Net

• Cable (students can set up an account with Rogers if they please)

• Laminate wood-grain flooring

• A sink, oversized mirror, and additional under-sink storage

• Blackout blinds

The en suite bathroom, usually shared with another student, includes an oversized single shower and an environmentally friendly, dual-flush toilet. The single rooms with a private en suite bathroom are limited and are available for students with special considerations.

Amenities

• Laundry facilities

• A fitness room

• Study room on each floor

• Common areas with kitchenettes

• 24/7 front desk security

Meal Plan Each student must purchase a meal plan, which can be used to make purchases in The Mercato and the Starbucks Kiosk. Clare Hall Residence_ 271 Ramsay Road_ London, Ontario, Canada N6G 1N7_ Telephone:<PHONE_NUMBER>_ Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Student Life
Brescia University College is a small campus, but a vibrant energy is felt throughout the campus. Students will also feel welcomed, safe, and secure, and apart of a family. As an affiliated university college with Western, students still have full access to the Western Clubs System and Western University’s Sports and Recreation Services.

Ways to Get Involved at Brescia • Join the Circle Women’s Centre, a vibrant women’s network that supports activist groups and sponsors special events. • Sign up for the Professional Mentoring Program to connect real world experiences with classroom learning. • Join the Students’ Council. • Join the Brescia Choir.

Check out the Event Calendar for upcoming events

Buildings
James Carlisle Pennington designed Brescia Hall (1924–25) for the Ursuline Sisters, near Western Road at Sarnia Road, on the campus of the University of Western Ontario. The Mother St. James memorial building is the main building on campus. It houses classrooms, offices, student services, the business office, the Beryl Ivey Library and computer lab, the Mother St. James Memorial Auditorium, a coffee shop and the Circle Women’s Centre resource centre. The Ursuline hall is the residence for 170 female students. Ursuline Hall also has the cafeteria (Castle Café), some professors' offices, the food laboratories and a few classrooms. In September 2013, Brescia opened its new residence building and dining pavilion, Clare Hall, which houses just over 300 students and features a state of the art eatery.

Advertising Controversy
Early into the 2010/2011 academic year, a new advertising campaign sparked controversy for the University College. The campaign, known as Bresia Bold, was meant to call attention to Bresia's unique position as the only university-level women's college in Canada through edgy, (quasi-)feminist marketing. A sign, displaying a former Brescia student and the message: "Her mind is as sharp as her heels", was the source of said controversy. Amidst claims that it "enforced gender stereotypes", "heteronormativity", and "focus[ed] on appearances rather than substance", the advertisement was removed from Brescia's campus.

Notable alumnae

 * Margaret Chan - Director General of the World Health Organization (BA 1973)
 * Beryl Ivey, CM - Philanthropist (BA 1947)

Books

 * Murray Llewellyn Barr A century of medicine at Western: a centennial history of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Ontario (London: University of Western Ontario, 1977), ISBN 0-919534-00-7
 * John R. W. Gwynne-Timothy Western's first century (London: University of Western Ontario, 1978)
 * Ruth Davis Talman 'The beginnings and development of the University of Western Ontario, 1878-1924.' (MA Thesis, University of Western Ontario, 1925)
 * Available from the Beryl Ivey Library are Emeritus Professor of History Dr. Patricia Skidmore's books Brescia College 1919-1979 and The History of Brescia

title: User:Jessica9387


text:
User:Kyaligonza john bosco bossy/sandbox

date of birth 24 April 1983 age 24 sport rugby player club Toyota Buffaloes international Kyadondo under 13 Uganda under 16 Uganda under 19 Uganda team B (barbarians Honours best backs player Kk stallions 2010 best backs player Toyota buffaloes


text:
postrer

Adjective

 * 1)   last; final

Usage notes
The form is only used before and within the noun phrase of the modified singular masculine noun. In other positions, is used instead:
 * nuestro postrer día — “our last day”
 * el día postrero — “the last day”

title: postrer


text:
Johan Wissman

Johan Lukas Wissman (born 2 November 1982) is a Swedish athlete from Helsingborg, specializing in the 200 and 400 m. He is the current national record holder in both of these events.

Wissman won the gold medal at the European Indoor Championships in Athletics 2009 in Torino, Italy. This was Johan's first international gold medal at the time 45.89.

He finished second in 200 m at the World Indoor Athletics Championships 2004 and second in 400 m at the World Indoor Athletics Championships in 2008.

He also won the silver medal in the 200 m at the 2006 European Athletics Championships.

He came in seventh place in 400 m in the 2007 World Athletics Championships in Osaka, Japan and he finished 8th in the 2008 Olympic Summer Games.

At the 2010 European Athletics Championships he focused on the 200 m, after being marred by injuries for most of the season. Wissman made it to the semifinals, where he was 0.02 seconds from a spot in the final.

Personal bests

 * 100 m - 10.44 s (2002)
 * 200 m - 20.30 s (national record for Sweden) (2007)
 * 400 m - 44.56 s (national record for Sweden) (2007)
 * 400 m, indoor - 45.89 (2009)

title: Johan Wissman


text:
Wikipedia talk:Wikipedia Signpost/2015-02-11/In the media

Edina
In response to the Edina article being in the news, I am proposing an edit-a-thon at the public library there. Details are on Meetup/Minnesota. Feel free to ask me for more information. Jonathunder (talk) 22:25, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

Australian report
"He says that if Education Minister Christopher Pyne wants Australians universities to have real impact, the best way would be to force professors to spend a week editing Wikipedia pages in their areas of expertise.

“In terms of making a real contribution to public knowledge, what better thing could we do? ... Selwyn says Wikipedia editing is “an incredibly closed shop”, with hundreds of millions of viewers but active editors numbering only in their thousands. “They tend to be white, North American, of a certain age, (and) male. Which is why, when you look at things like comic books or computer games, the information on Wikipedia is brilliant. And when you look at my own area of educational sociology, it’s shocking." --Surturz (talk) 01:56, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * The above quote is from which reports on Monash University professor  Neil Selwyn's research. (Just adding this, and section heading, for clarification)  Pam  D  13:39, 12 February 2015 (UTC)

Irony is delicious, especially with coffee
Did anyone else gain the same level of amusement during their morning coffee as I did, when discovering that the second article on this page contains a perfect refutation of the claims in the first? Maury Markowitz (talk) 13:21, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * It's no surprise that academics largely dislike Wikipedia; they used to be the sole arbiters of knowledge on many topics, to which they could add their own biases and inflections. Now, they are faced with the prospect of complete objectivity on a generally reliable website (as opposed to some random blog or the pop-up laden Geocities pages of the past), which threatens their hegemony. In very controversial articles, it is almost impossible for any strong POV to emerge, because there a thousand eyes of all motivations looking at it, ready to remove it. I don't usually get involved with such contentious topics, because they are outside of my field, but I have the greatest respect for those who genuinely seek objectivity in those minefields. As for forcing professors to edit, maybe they would be more comfortable over on Citizendium.-RHM22 (talk) 13:57, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * By the way, credit goes to the Canadians for the most creative slander.-RHM22 (talk) 14:00, 12 February 2015 (UTC)

Attkisson
That she considers vaccines to cause autism is not surprising given the rest of the inaccuracies in her talk. It is obvious that she either never read the article looking at the accuracy of Wikipedia's medical content in JAOA or simply does not understand science. I wonder if she realizes that the Andrew Wakefield paper from the Lancet has been withdrawn? It is an interesting read as one is left wonder "how did the Lancet ever agree to publish this". Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 14:46, 12 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Johannes Driesch

Johannes Driesch (21 November 1901, Krefeld – 18 February 1930, Erfurt) was a German painter, graphic artist, ceramicist and book cover designer. His favorite subjects were his wife, Lydia, and their children.

Biography
He came from a large working-class family and began his career as an apprentice stonemason in Krefeld, then spent three semesters at the Kunstgewerbeschule there. Then, in 1919, he enrolled in the preparatory courses at the Staatliche Bauhaus in Weimar, where he studied with Johannes Itten and Lyonel Feininger.

In 1920, he went to the pottery workshop at the Bauhaus in Dornburg. His primary instructors there were Gerhard Marcks and Max Krehan. The following year, he married Lydia Foucar (1895–1980), a prospective student whom he had met in Munich the year before. They had four children together, which brought their studies to an early finish, as they had to establish a family business to provide income.

In 1922, he gave up pottery and became a free-lance artist, with the support of Marcks and the art historian, Walter Kaesbach. He then continued his studies by himself, copying the Old Masters. After a futile attempt to obtain a Professorship in Düsseldorf, he and his family relocated to Frankfurt am Main in 1928 and opened a studio there. He died two years later, following a brief illness, while working on a commission in Erfurt.

Most of his works were confiscated by the Nazi government in 1935, after they were classified as "degenerate art".

title: Johannes Driesch


text:
Guadalupe Murguía Gutiérrez

María Guadalupe Murguía Gutiérrez (born December 17, 1955) is a Mexican lawyer and politician of the National Action Party (PAN). She is a national senator for the state of Querétaro. She has held several public positions in Querétaro state government, and was the President of the Chamber of Deputies of Mexico from March to September 2017.

Education and professional career
Guadalupe Murguía attended the Escuela Libre de Derecho from 1973 to 1978, graduating with a law degree. She practiced her profession from 1978 to 1994. From 1990 to 1991, she was a professor of labor law, and from 1991 to 1992 she taught an obligations course.

She has been a member of the Querétaro Bar Association since 1997.

Political career
The first public office Murguía held was at the Querétaro state tax agency, where she worked from 1994 to 1995. From 1996 to 1997 she was the manager of Querétaro Trust No. 5.

In 1997, she was appointed secretary of the city council of Querétaro by municipal president Francisco Garrido Patrón, who had been her fellow student at the Escuela Libre de Derecho. In 1998, the state governor Ignacio Loyola Vera appointed her secretary general of government, a position which she held until 2001.

In 2001, she was appointed head of the Federal Liaison Unit of the Secretariat of the Interior, and in 2003 she was appointed Secretary of Education of Querétaro by governor Francisco Garrido Patron.

On two occasions she left the office of Secretary of Education to seek to become the PAN's candidate for municipal president of Querétaro. She resigned for the first time on August 26, 2005, and when she failed to obtain the candidacy (which went to Manuel González Valle), she returned to her position. On March 17, 2009, she resigned for the second time to seek the same candidacy. However, it went to Francisco Domínguez Servién.

Murguía returned to perform functions in the federal government, holding the position of the Secretariat of Public Education's director of marine science and technology from 2010 to 2011. From that year to 2012 she was general director of the Colegio de Bachilleres.

In 2013 she was elected councillor of the municipality of Querétaro, and in 2015 became a federal plurinominal deputy to the 63rd Legislature. In the Chamber of Deputies, she was secretary of the Constitutional Points commission and a member of the Public Education and Educational Services commission and the Governance commission. She was also president of the commission to continue the investigations and monitor the results of the Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts for the Ayotzinapa Case (GIEI), designated by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), related to the events in Iguala, Guerrero, to students of the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers' College.

On September 1, 2016, she took over as vice president of the board of directors of the Chamber of Deputies, announcing that in the next ordinary session she would take up the position of president of the chamber. She assumed this position formally on March 1, 2017.

She is currently a senator for the State of Querétaro, elected on July 1, 2018.

Murguía signed the Madrid Charter, a document drafted by the far-right Spanish party Vox that describes left-wing groups as enemies of Ibero-America involved in a "criminal project" that are "under the umbrella of the Cuban regime".

Murguía Gutiérrez is seeking re-election as one of Querétaro's senators in the 2024 Senate election, occupying the first place on the Fuerza y Corazón por México coalition's two-name formula.

title: Guadalupe Murguía Gutiérrez


text:
User:Jaxon is made of bacon

Vloop,

Noun 1. A floppy, animal that lives in water. It eats plants and does not have lungs. A Vloop is only seen in the ocean and is rarely ever around human.

title: User:Jaxon is made of bacon


text:
Christopher Brown (author)

Christopher Brown is an American author, who is known for writing science fiction and nature-focused nonfiction.

His first novel, Tropic of Kansas, was published in 2017 by Harper Voyager, and was a finalist for the 2018 John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel of the year. Tropic of Kansas tells the story of a brother and sister traveling across an ecologically damaged United States during a period of political unrest.

His work frequently focuses on issues at the nexus of technology, politics, economics and ecology. His short fiction and criticism has been published in a variety of anthologies and magazines, including MIT Technology Review’s Twelve Tomorrows, LitHub, Tor.com, Reckoning, and The Baffler.

He was a 2013 World Fantasy Award nominee for the anthology he co-edited, Three Messages and a Warning: Contemporary Mexican Short Stories of the Fantastic.

His novel Rule of Capture, a speculative legal thriller about a lawyer defending an accused eco-terrorist, was published by Harper Voyager in 2019. The sequel, Failed State, follows the further escapades of defense lawyer Donny Kimoe as he appears before a post-revolutionary truth and reconciliation tribunal, and was nominated for the 2021 Philip K. Dick Award.

In 2020 Brown began writing a weekly newsletter about urban nature and wildlife, Field Notes, and his new narrative nonfiction book drawing on the same material, A Natural History of Empty Lots: Field Notes from Urban Edgelands, Back Alleys and other Wild Places, is slated for publication by Timber Press in September 2024.

Prior to 2012, Brown wrote under the name Chris Nakashima-Brown.

Brown lives in Austin, Texas, where he is a member of the Turkey City Writer's Workshop and also practices technology law.

title: Christopher Brown (author)


text:
Vetyolki

Vetyolki (Ветёлки) is a rural locality (a selo) in Sovkhozny Selsoviet, Aleysky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 286 as of 2013. There are 6 streets.

Geography
Vetyolki is located on the Plotavka River, 38 km SSE of Aleysk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ust-Porozikha is the nearest rural locality.

title: Vetyolki


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Conceptualizer

The Rational is another name for the ../Intuitive/ ../Thinking/. This includes four personality types: the ../ENTJ/, ../ENTP/, ../INTJ/, and ../INTP/. About 15% of the population are Rationals. Some of the most famous Rationals were Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, and Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Personality
The Rational is more comfortable thinking in the abstract, doing so in an analytical, objective way. As an iNtuitive, the NT is not particularly given to sports.

Profession
This temperament is the quintessential professor, living in academia and in his or her own deep thoughts about something or other.

Communication
The Rational tends to be roundabout in explanations and may not be very aware of how others feel.

Appearance
This temperament often ignores rules of fashion, having more important things to concern themselves with, preferring function over all else. It is not uncommon for a Perceiving NT to neglect personal hygiene. Many Perceivers will not hesitate to walk around naked. If a Judger, the NT will take more care of his or her appearance. A number of Judgers tend to have an asexual look.

Hobbies
Studying self-improvement, learning about new things or languages....


text:
bua

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) fruit

Noun

 * 1) sheep

Adjective

 * 1) crazy; insane

Etymology 1
Childish variant of, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) pimple
 * 2)  badness

Etymology 2
Alteration of.

Noun

 * 1)  a unit of length used in measuring ships. Approximately the same as a yard, it was defined as 4

Noun

 * 1) goat

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) ox

Verb

 * 1) to pierce

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to fly (in the sky)

Etymology
From, from ; compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  victory, win
 * 2) talent, gift, faculty, forte ability
 * 3) merit
 * 4) destiny

Noun

 * 1)  pain, discomfort, boo-boo, owie

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to fly (in the sky)

Etymology
Likely from.

Noun

 * 1) teeth

Etymology
Onomatopoeia

Noun

 * 1) The sound made by infants when asking for their drink; baba.

Noun

 * 1) sarong; blanket

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) fruit

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) fruit

Etymology
From (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) fruit

Verb

 * 1) to speak

Noun

 * 1) stalk stem or main axis of a plant

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to boo

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) a termite

Verb

 * 1) to speak

Verb

 * 1) to skin an animal

Etymology
From with irregular loss of *q and voicing, from, from.

Noun

 * 1) areca nut

title: bua


text:
Suhail Yusuf Khan

Suhail Yusuf Khan (Hindi: सुहेल युसूफ खान; born 1988) is an Indian sarangi player and vocalist. He is the grandson of Sarangi maestro Ustad Sabri Khan (1927-2015).

In 2016, Khan released Everything Sacred, a collaborative folk album with James Yorkston and Jon Thorne under the name Yorkston/Thorne/Khan. The trio went on to release two further albums, Neuk Wight Delhi All-Stars (2017) and Navarasa: Nine Emotions (2020).

Khan is also a member of Welsh-Indian folk fusion group Khamira, who released their debut self-titled album in May 2017. The group includes Indian musicians and members of Welsh folk-jazz group Burum; both Khamira (Hindi) and Burum (Welsh) mean "yeast" in English.

title: Suhail Yusuf Khan


text:
Jenny Wood-Allen

Jenny Wood-Allen MBE (20 November 1911 – 30 December 2010 ) was a Scottish marathon runner and Guinness World Record holder, running in over 30 marathons since 1983 and earning more than £70,000 for charity.

Career
Hailing from Dundee, Scotland, Wood-Allen initially took up sport in 1983 as a "one-off". Wood-Allen made national headlines across the UK when she was 87 years old after completing the 1999 London Marathon. Her time of 7hours 14mins 46secs, earned her the current Guinness World Record for Oldest Female Marathon Finisher.

In 2001, Wood-Allen ran for the last time in the London Marathon before walking it once more in 2002, aged 90.

She received an MBE in the 2006 New Year Honours List, and took part in the 2006 Great Scottish Walk.

In December 2006, she made the headlines when £700 worth of jewellery was stolen from her home.

From 2007, she was still very active in sport, running up to 50 miles a week, and regularly appearing at meetings of the Dundee City Sports Council.

Jenny Wood-Allen died on 30 December 2010, aged 99 in Dundee. Her funeral was held at the parish church of Douglas, Dundee on 12 January 2011, and she was cremated at Dundee Crematorium.

title: Jenny Wood-Allen


text:
Khurshni

Khurshni (Хуршни) is a rural locality (a selo) in Dakhadayevsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 329 as of 2010. There are 8 streets.

Geography
Khurshni is located 24 km west of Urkarakh (the district's administrative centre) by road. Mirzita and Kharbuk are the nearest rural localities.

Nationalities
Dargins live there.

title: Khurshni


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/townofmontpelier.com

Links

 * townofmontpelier.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 1 additions.


text:
Talk:McLaren Report

See also links
Currently there are two links - to the Garica report and to a page on a baseball scandal. However this article is part of the Doping Series, and whilst those other scenarios could also be considered to be leading to unfair situations of play they don't appear to be related. They are not about doping, nor athletics. I propose those specific links are removed. Cycling and East German doping are likely more relevant articles. 2A00:23C4:2C9D:6F01:39F7:1DAB:8AA:EF1C (talk) 14:40, 16 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:McLaren Report


text:
Microphis ocellatus

Microphis ocellatus, the ocellated pipefish, is a species of fish in the family Syngnathidae. It is found only in Indonesia and Sri Lanka. The species measured 12.5 cm SL in length.

title: Microphis ocellatus


text:
Thermodynamics/Notes

Fundamental entities in thermodyanics or thermal physics:

entropy
 * Measures the number of quauntum states accessible to a closed system. The logical assumption is made that a system state is either accessible or not accessible.  The system is assumed to have equal probability of being in any accessible state.

Given g accessible states the entropy is defined as: sigma=log g
 * Thus entropy is a function of system energy U, system components or particles N, and the volume V of the system ..... because these three parameters effect g, the number of accessible system states. sigma=log(g(U,N,V))  by definition.  Logs are used for math convenience.

Two systems brought into contact can transfer energy back and forth thus increasing the number of possible states accessible to new total system. (g1g2) > (g1 + g2) by asumption and later empirical proof. This is key to 2nd law thermodynamics and law of of entropy always increases. Energy does not flow in ways to decrease the number of possible states accessible to the closed system or the entropy always increases.
 * Consider a cooling solution, entropy is decreasing as rock salt solution crystallizes for the solid salt crystal .... but it is not a closed system. Heat is transferring to ambient environment.  Total entropy  sigma(salt)+sigma(rest of universe)=sigma(universe total) of the perceived universe must be rising or there would be no energy flow.
 * This is a fundamental assumption defining energy flow and no credible evidence contradicting it has ever been reliably and reproducibly observed and reported.

Temperatures
Boltzmann Constant

chemical potential

Gibbs factor

distribution functions

closed system - A system enclosed by a control surface across which nothing relevant to the defined system crosses.

title: Thermodynamics/Notes


text:
Talk:David Benioff

Untitled
He is also working with D.B. Weiss on an HBO adaptation of George R.R. Martin's acclaimed "A Song of Ice and Fire" series, which is due out in 2009. I think the pilot is set to start filming near the end of 2009, so I doubt we'll actually be seeing the series any time before 2010 at the earliest. Someone might want to edit that. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:59, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

Lebanese descent?
Is Benioff really of Lebanese descent? Couldn't find anything on that matter. 2003:57:EC22:301:8D20:E043:AEB5:251B (talk) 18:08, 24 February 2014 (UTC)

 * There are no citations for any ancestral nationalities. Mrs. Peel (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 03:26, 14 March 2014 (UTC)

Unsourced and Dubious Statement in Early Life Section
This statement, "... the oldest all-male secret society in the United States" is a little dubious. For one thing, it's not sourced. For another, nobody can know what is the "oldest all-male secret society." After all, if a society is secret, then not many people know about it. Might not a secret society have few members then all the members die out without telling anybody about it? Nobody is interested in most secret societies, so knowledge of them simply fades away. Even if sourced, the statement would be ridiculous because, as I already, wrote, it is impossible to know which society is the oldest. Maybe, change it to a "very old" society that "claims to be the oldest." Or something along those lines. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:59, 3 September 2014 (UTC)

Elsewhere on wikipedia this society is stated as having been founded in 1900 - not very long ago, so unlikely to be the oldest in US. Also on wiki it is called "the oldest honor and most prestigious society at the University of Pennsylvania." So not the oldest in the US. But none of this stuff is backed up by citations, so it should all be removed.

Date of Birth
There is a typo under the image Born	September 25, 1470 (age 544) New York City, New York He must be the oldest man on earth

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 13 external links on David Benioff. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.thehugoawards.org/2012/09/2012-hugo-award-winners/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.thehugoawards.org/2013/09/2013-hugo-award-winners/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.thehugoawards.org/2014/08/2014-hugo-award-winners/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/game-of-thrones-monte-carlo-tv-festival-winners-337899
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.producersguild.org/news/80252/PGA-ANNOUNCES-THEATRICAL-MOTION-PICTURE-AND-LONG-FORM-TELEVISION-NOMINATIONS-FOR-2012-PGA-AWARDS.htm
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://collider.com/2013-pga-nominations-homeland-modern-family/214302/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.deadline.com/2013/12/tv-nominees-for-pga-awards-unveiled/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://deadline.com/2015/01/american-sniper-birdman-boyhood-pga-awards-nominees-full-list-1201341195/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://awards.bafta.org/award/2013/television
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/wga-writers-guild-awards-winners-list-292639
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/wga-announces-tv-nominations-398792
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2015-hugo-awards
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060113045208/http://www.authortrek.com/david_benioff_page.html to http://www.authortrek.com/david_benioff_page.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:31, 5 September 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 June 2019
This line needs to be edited "he is best known as co-creator, destroyer, showrunner and writer" Remove the destroyer part about game of thrones, i.e."he is best known as co-creator, showrunner and writer". The original line is a matter of opinion and not fact, regardless of how upset and infantile people got over the ending of the show. 2601:8C1:C180:F90:7285:C2FF:FE4E:EF10 (talk) 04:07, 27 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Done. Thank you.  Calidum   04:11, 27 June 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Benioff


text:
Talk:Steve Duemig

Untitled
I know that Duemig is a controversial host in Tampa, but whoever else edits this page needs to make a better attempt at simply noting facts. Wiki articles are designed to be neutral pieces of information, not critical writeups of things you don't like. I took out the comment about the Thomas Memorial and the criticisms of "media watchdogs". If anybody puts it back in, a legitimate source needs to be cited; you personally or your group of friends do not count as such. You need to put in a name and if necessary, link to a site.

To that end, somebody needs to substantiate the claim that Duemig is a former professional golfer on the PGA Tour.

 * I am removing criticism as is unsourced negative info per WP:BLP-- Birgitte SB  20:06, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

The "Issues with others in the Media" and "Controversy" sections need to be looked at. They are poorly written and lack citations. Menthaxpiperita (talk) 16:44, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Steve Duemig


text:
organoiodine

Adjective

 * 1)  Describing an organic compound containing one or more iodine atoms.

Noun

 * 1)  An organic compound containing iodine.

title: organoiodine


text:
User:AFabius7

Hi,

My real name is Aernout Fabius. Most of my friends call me Arnie. My interests include music, bridge and socialising locally in North Surrey and South West London.

As an amateur student of history and economics, I frequently use Wikipedia as a reference. More often than not, I will use other sources for reference and maintain a large network, in case I need personal confirmation, before I record or amend information on Wikipedia.

title: User:AFabius7


text:
Ralph Henry Byrne

Ralph Henry Byrne (25 April 1877 – 15 April 1946) was an Irish architect. He was the third but second surviving son of William Henry Byrne.

Early life and education
He was born in Largo House, Rathmines, Dublin on 25 April 1877. He was educated at home and at St George's College, Weybridge.

Career
He was articled to his father under an indenture date 1 April 1896. He spent six months apprenticed to Thomas Edward Marshall of Harrogate and went into partnership with his father on 10 April 1902. His father became blind in 1913 then died on 28 April 1917. After his father's death Ralph kept trading as W.H. Byrne and Son.

His assistants and students included Arnold Francis Hendy, Sheila Tindal and Guy Hemingway Yeoman.

Personal life
He married Mary Josephine Mangan of Dunboyne Castle on 21 November 1905. They had one son, Frank William Barrett Mangan Byrne, who was born in 1910 and became a captain in the Royal Irish Fusiliers. He died on 30 May 1940.

Death
He died in his home at 9 Ailesbury Road on 15 April 1946. His widow died in 1957.

title: Ralph Henry Byrne


text:
Ida Whipple Benham

Ida Whipple Benham (January 8, 1849 - May 21, 1903) was a peace advocate.

Early life
Ida Whipple was born in a farmhouse in Ledyard, Connecticut, on January 8, 1849. She was the daughter of Timothy Whipple (1821-1892) and Lucy Ann Geer (1825-1884), and came from a Quaker family.

Career
At an early age Ida Whipple Benham began to write verses. At the age of thirteen years she taught a country school.

She was made familiar with the reforms advocated by the Quakers, such as Temperance movement, anti-slavery, and the abolition of war. She lectured on peace and temperance. She was the director of the American Peace Society, and a member of the executive committee of the Universal Peace Union. She took a conspicuous part in the large peace conventions held annually in Mystic, Connecticut, and she held a monthly peace meeting in her own home in Mystic. She was the vice-president of the Connecticut Peace Society, founded by Jonathan Whipple, Zerah C. Whipple, Enoch Whipple, Timothy Whipple, Jeduthun Whipple, Julia Crouch Culver and Emeline Crouch, daughters of Zachariah Crouch, Jonathan Whipple Jr., and his daughter Content Whipple Waley.

She contributed poems to the New York Independent, the Chicago Advance, The Youth's Companion, St. Nicholas Magazine and other prominent periodicals.

In 1900 one of her poems, "I Wait For Thee," was set to music by C. B. Hawley.

Personal life
Ida Whipple married on April 14, 1869, Elijah Bailey Benham, of Groton, Connecticut.

From 1886 to 1903 she lived at 7 Elm Street, Mystic, Connecticut. The house was built in 1866 for Rev. William H. Randall. It was a Greek Revival style. Randall was the grandson of Jedediah Randall, a wealthy Mystic merchant, and the son of William Pitt Randall, partner in a whaling firm and founder of the Reliance Machine Co.

She died on May 21, 1903, and is buried at Ledyard Union Cemetery, Ledyard, Connecticut.

title: Ida Whipple Benham


text:
Bernaldina José Pedro

Bernaldina José Pedro (25 March 1945 – 24 June 2020), commonly known as Grandma Bernaldina, (Vovó Bernaldina) was a Brazilian activist, tribal leader, and shaman. A member of the Mascushi people, she was known for her knowledge of tribal customs. Pedro was also known for her strong support of Pope Francis. She died in 2020 from complications related to COVID-19.

Biography
Pedro was born Koko Meriná Eremunkon on 25 March 1945 in Guyana. She was part of the Macushi people, an indigenous people who live in Guyana, Northern Brazil, and Venezuela. Pedro eventually married into a Macushi family living in Northern Brazil, and over the years she became a leader of her new community. She became known as an advocate for indigenous people's rights, advocating for the establishment of a land reservation for the Macushi people. In addition, she became known as someone who was knowledgeable about traditional medicine, music, crafts, and culture. A strong supporter of Pope Francis II, in 2018 Pedro met the Pope at a public event in Rome.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Pedro managed her village's response to the pandemic. She eventually contracted the virus and died of complications on 24 June 2020.

title: Bernaldina José Pedro


text:
Lacey O'Neal

Lacey O'Neal (born March 30, 1944) is an African American hurdler. She competed in the women's 80 metres hurdles at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

title: Lacey O'Neal


text:
Talk:Catholicism

Feel free to add-I just started it and it needs a lot of help.

I just added the Nicene Creed to the page, but it just got taken off. I will probrobly create a seperate page for it. I will keep helping with the page. Glad to help.

title: Talk:Catholicism


text:
Cookbook:Red Chile Sauce

| Tex-Mex cuisine

Dried red chiles can be soaked and pureed to make red chile sauce. It can be used in many ways, including as an enchilada sauce, chicken marinade, or in huevos rancheros.

Ingredients

 * 3 oz (90 g) dried chile peppers, such as New Mexico chile
 * 2 cups (500 ml) hot water (boiled water that has cooled a little)
 * 1 tablespoon (15 ml) vegetable oil
 * ½ ea. onion, chopped
 * 3 cloves garlic, minced
 * 1 teaspoon (5 ml) ground cumin
 * 1 tablespoon (15 ml) Mexican oregano

Procedure

 * 1) Wipe chile peppers with a damp cloth to clean. See warning for handling instructions.
 * 2) Break off stems, and remove seeds.
 * 3) Soak chili peppers in hot water until softened, about an hour.
 * 4) Taste the soaking water. If it is bitter, replace it with fresh water.
 * 5) Purée chili pepper and water mixture in a blender
 * 6) Heat the oil in a pan, add onion, garlic, and seasonings.
 * 7) Once the onions are cooked, add the chili purée to the pan. Simmer for 15 minutes.
 * 8) Return mixture to the blender, and purée. See warning.
 * 9) Pour sauce through a sieve. Use a spoon to stir and press the mixture against the sieve to extract all the sauce.
 * 10) Add salt to taste. If the sauce is a little bitter, some sugar can be added to compensate.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * This sauce freezes well.
 * The sauce may stain certain materials, including some plastics. Store in glass to avoid staining.

Warnings

 * Use caution when handling chili peppers. Wearing rubber gloves is recommended, and be sure to wash the gloves, and your hands, thoroughly after handling the chili peppers. If rubber gloves are not available, rub some oil onto your hands before handling the chilies. The capsaicin in the chili peppers, the chemical that makes them hot, will burn the eyes, nose, or mouth on contact, and exposed skin if left for long.
 * Use caution when pureeing hot liquids in a blender. The hot liquid can spill out the top of the blender. Either allow the sauce to cool first, or hold the lid in place during blending, using a towel or oven glove to protect your hand. Only fill the blender half full, do multiple batches if required.

title: Cookbook:Red Chile Sauce


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Just the Beginning (Grace VanderWaal album)

The result was: promoted by Cwmhiraeth (talk) 08:26, 1 October 2017 (UTC)

Just the Beginning (Grace VanderWaal album)

 * ... that America's Got Talent winner Grace VanderWaal, now 13 years old, announced the release date of her first full-length album, Just the Beginning, composed of her original songs?  Source: "In addition to writing all the songs on the album, Grace also worked with multiple award winning producers"
 * Reviewed: Template:Did you know nominations/Serie A Coach of the Year

Created/expanded by Ssilvers (talk) and User:JRobsonJr (talk). Nominated by Pgallert (talk) at 19:27, 20 September 2017 (UTC).

 * Symbol confirmed.svg QPQ done, in time, expanded, long enough, within policy, no copyvio, hook is interesting. good to go! Adityavagarwal (talk) 11:20, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Symbol question.svg If you want to include her age in the hook, you will need to mention it and cite it in the article. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 06:18, 1 October 2017 (UTC)
 * I added her age and a cite in the Lead section. Good?  -- Ssilvers (talk) 06:38, 1 October 2017 (UTC)


text:
Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health

Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health (สถาบันสุขภาพเด็กแห่งชาติมหาราชินี) is large public hospital located in Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, Thailand. It serves as a teaching hospital for the College of Medicine, Rangsit University.

History
With plans to expand the pediatrics department of the Women's Hospital (now Rajavithi Hospital), the cabinet of Plaek Phibunsongkhram approved the construction of a pediatrics building with a capacity of 137 beds on Ratchawithi Road, which was to be operated by the Women's Hospital. The opening ceremony took place on 24 June 1954. By a 1973 royal decree of civil service management, operations were transferred to the Department of Medical Services of the Ministry of Public Health on 3 December 1974 and the building became the Children's Hospital. In 1996, the name was changed to Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health in commemoration of the Queen.

The institute was the first medical institution to offer a pediatrics training program that was not led under the University of Medical Sciences (now Mahidol University), and its setup was aided by the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University.

Rajavithi Hospital started providing medical education for students of the College of Medicine, Rangsit University since 1 June 1992. Students in this group also study at Rajavithi Hospital as a teaching hospital.


text:
Portal:Latin America/Featured article/Day 22

In Article 18 of the Law on the National Arms, Flag, and Anthem (Ley Sobre El Escudo, la Bandera y el Himno Nacionales) there is a listing of dates that the Mexican flag is flown by all branches of government. Civilians are also encouraged to display the national flag on these days. Many of the dates listed in the law denote significant events and people that shaped of Mexican identity and the course of its History. There also have been occasions where official flag day notices that been announced in the Official Journal of the Federation, but later revoked. One such case was that November 1 was declared a holiday to hoist the national flag in 1991, but was later removed from the list four years later from another order published in Diario Oficial de la Federación.


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Talk:Vienna Blood (TV series)

Season 2?
When I open up the PBS streaming app, I don't see 6, 45-minute episodes, I see 12, 45 minute episodes. This article makes no mention of anything about the second season. Why not? Poihths (talk) 23:40, 18 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vienna Blood (TV series)


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Talk:Remedy (Basement Jaxx album)

Guest vocalists
So many people contributed vocals to this album, yet none are currently credited in this article. Morganfitzp (talk) 03:00, 17 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Remedy (Basement Jaxx album)


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Talk:Barony Hall

Coordinate error
The following coordinate fixes are needed for Barony Hall, Glasgow: 55.8619, -4.237

—<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:22, 28 November 2017 (UTC)

 * Thanks for pointing that out - fixed. TSP (talk) 12:42, 28 November 2017 (UTC)

Redirect from John Burns (minister)
The article on Kilmahew Castle has a link to Rev. Dr. John Burns which itself redirects to Barony Hall.

There is no explanation of why this redirect is in place, nor detail about Rev. Dr. John Burns. If the man had a biography in Wikipedia, would it be appropriate to include it here? Or should his page be reinstated? Shipsview (talk) 10:15, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Barony Hall


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Claude Platt

Claude Platt (3 March 1904 – 13 October 1966) was an Australian sports shooter. He competed in the 50 m rifle event at the 1948 Summer Olympics in England.

title: Claude Platt


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alegar

Etymology
+

Noun

 * 1) vinegar produced from fermented ale.

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to claim, allege
 * 2) to plead

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  to cite as a defence or justification for one's actions
 * 2)  to claim, to allege
 * 3)  to complain
 * 4)  to speak in defence of the accused in a criminal proceeding; to defend
 * 5)  to converse, talk
 * 1)  to speak in defence of the accused in a criminal proceeding; to defend
 * 2)  to converse, talk
 * 1)  to converse, talk

title: alegar


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Dzhalgan

Dzhalgan (Джалган; Tat: Жалгъан) is a rural locality (a selo) in Derbentsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 725 as of 2010. There are 25 streets.

Geography
Dzhalgan is located 19 km southwest of Derbent (the district's administrative centre) by road. Derbent and Sabnova are the nearest rural localities.

Nationalities
Azerbaijanis live there.

title: Dzhalgan


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Talk:abacot

RFV discussion

 * The below is copied from Requests for verification archive/July 2007.

A historically notable misprinting. I'm not really sure what to do with this, as it has no real meaning. Opinions? Dmcdevit·t 08:22, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I would make it an bycoket, with =Etymology= notes on how it originated.  Widsith 09:34, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

Cleaned up, moved to abacot. —Ruakh TALK 22:47, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

More hisotry
Plenty more history available for example The Atheneum 1882 (Murray) (damaged copy), Gentlemans Magazine 1857 (Jowitt), Archealogia 1883 and in the first recorded use of the term ghost word, by Skeat (1886) in which he deplores dictionaries documenting such words. These sources may be of more use fo a Wikipedia article, whether on this particular word or ghost words in general, than this Wiktionary entry, but the last certainly contains much of interest to the lexicographer. Rich Farmbrough, 16:12, 29 July 2022 (UTC).

title: Talk:abacot


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Talk:Phi Slama Jama

Possible source
This is a great article on the topic and could serve as a great source for expansion and refs. I added it to the external links section.
 * Jamfest for the Ages—2007 ESPN.com article commemorating Phi Slama Jama Quadzilla99 12:00, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

Notability
You've got to be kidding me. Phi Slama Jama is common knowledge among people with a basic grasp of college basketball history. It needs to be on Wikipedia, no question. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:55, 20 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Phi Slama Jama