text:
Talk:Listing and approval use and compliance

Author's Rebuttal To MikeDayoub
OK, I tried to do this in private e-mails, to which you do not respond, so here goes:

 * thanks for your interest in my business, but I have no intention of discussing my business plans with you. If I violate NPOV, please bring it to my attention.

 * I don't have the remotest interest in your business, nor your plans. Nor did I ask about your plans, as you falsely and knowingly claim. It is obvious that you cannot establish bounding for any product that has no test standards or tests. It is likewise obvious that commercial success for a construction and fire protection product is hampered when those fundamentals do not exist. That is what is at issue and that is the basis of your discomfort with this article. If it were anything else, you would have pointed this out.--Achim 00:19, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

'''Your interest in the topic is commercial. You have invented a product and patented it and it is listed right here:'''

http://www.freshpatents.com/Power-strip-with-smoke-detection-auto-shutoff-dt20050804ptan20050168901.php

Your background in fire protection cannot be found on the web, apart from the above mentioned patent text. No building code and no fire code makes the use of your product mandatory. Consequently, no test standards exist to test it or compare it to anything else. Consequently, you have no acceptable proof that it works, because that is ordinarily established through the existence of active product certification, for which you are not eligible, and for which your text indicates you have no funding.

You stated below, a few days ago, that you agreed that you should become an expert in fire protection before editing subject related text. Your written agreement can be seen below. When it became clear that you have no significant background are in the field and are unlikely to become with great rapidity and without working in the field, you then decided to write from the "reader's", or in other words layman's perspective.

Suddenly, a few days later, you sent me a note suggesting that unless I debate you publicly, after refusing to engage in this via e-mail between us, you indicate that you will do a major re-write.

Let's make one thing very clear: All that bounding is, is that field-installed products and systems conform in all respects to the product certification listings, such as those available from Underwriters Laboratories. Since no code calls for your product and no standard exists to test it, you are not eligible for certification of your product, which I believe is your exclusive interest in here. If someone used your product without certification, there would probably be no law against it. However, nobody will touch it because without any certification, people worry about potential problems. Nobody will listen long enough to understand that going above and beyond the code (by using your product) is OK in and of itself and until industry supports your concept not much will happen.

Therefore, the concept of bounding is a thorn in your side because it is the very thing that keeps people from accepting, marketing, buying and selling your product. That, however, is not so much a legal requirement for your product as it is the necessity for comfort level with your product to stimulate the sales you want. That is exclusively what is at issue, which explains your sudden interest after the publication of your patent. If it were of interest generally, you would have challenged the matter previously. I did not want to air this here, but you forced my hand.

Now, specifically to your statements below:

The origin of the term is from the nuclear industry. Speak to anyone at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, in the OWFN building, for instance, or any licensed reactor, and you will hear that everyone knows that installed configurations must be bounded by acceptable test results. That is where the term is from.

Industry extended its use to the commercial/industrial realm.

The fact that you have questions about this underlies the fact that you have a way to go to attain your expert status.

MikeDayoub's Added Note
''Added note: it occurs to me that perhaps we have a language issue? Maybe you're referring to whether certification is legally binding, i.e. whether it is a legal requirement that a certification test lab's standards be implemented? or whether a test lab is a legally binding authority, i.e. it is illegal to sell products of that category unless they are certified by the lab? --MikeDayoub 18:56, 16 August 2006 (UTC)''

Author's Reply: There is no language issue. The origin of the term is explained above. Your comment clearly exposes your fundamental need for industry understanding. The certification or testing lab uses public standards and when it publishes results of the tests, it is required to be able to document that it adhered to the standards in getting the results. Nobody on a construction site, for instance, can comply with ASTM E119. It's not possible. They don't fire test inside construction sites. UL has to comply to it whilst running a test. An authority likewise cannot be legally binding. Contractual terms are legally binding for parties to a contract.

MikeDayoub new definition of what bounding is NOT
''Actually, bounding does not refer to a legal requirement. In the context of test labs, bounding refers to the max and minimum of test criteria. For example, in electronics one such parameter which is subject to bounding is the maximum joules a product will be subject to in a power surge test. Another example of bounding is when smoke detectors are tested, they are bounded by the conditions the detector would be subject to such as temperature, humidity, smoke density (obscuration) etc. Example: ''

Author's Reply:

Laboratories comply with test standards in order to maintain their accreditation. You could extend the term into that realm if you wish but it is not customary and I suggest you get acceptance from somone in the field of testing and certification. I don't think they're interested in the help. In the construction field, and particularly, though not exclusively, in fire protection, bounding, again, means that installed systems comply with certification listings in all respects.

MikeDayoub suggested advantages of bounding
''The advantages of bounding are
 * customer usage of tested products can be recommended to be limited to those bounds
 * designs can be bounded (example: what the WTC can withstand in terms of shock, heat, etc.)
 * predictable test conditions''

Author's Reply: It does not matter what you think the advantages of bounding are. The issue is code compliance. "Customer" terms are completely irrelevant here. Codes define that items whose fucntionality must be demonstrable, such as a 2 hour fire-resistance rating, must be tested to a public standard, such as ASTM E119. The standard number is shown in the code text. The codes further define that the items used in the field must be included at the time of test. That's the way codes put it. You cannot expect municipal building inspectors and fire prevention officers to pore over test results for every widget on a construction site. That would take ages. Consequently, they use the short versions of the test results, which are listings. Items installed in the field that comply with the listings in all respects are bounded. An Authority Having Jurisdiction, is obliged by mandate to accept only the nationally accredited laboraties, who have accreditation not only for testing, but also for certification. This makes sense, because testers write no listings. Nobody would take responsibility for interpreting test results. That is why certifiers write listings. That is why AHJ's will only accept certification listings by nationally accredited certifiers, such as UL, ULC, etc. The use of such listings to be sure that installed conficurations are bounded, is the construction industry's means of complying with its fire codes and building codes. Whatever other advantages you may see, are not relevant. The only thing that matters here is the ability to prove that code compliance has been achieved. The absence of code compliance spells negligence and thus culpability. In construction, there is no tolerance for venturing outside this realm, which is what is hampering the commercial success of any products that do not fit the mould. To check this out for yourself, ask a local building inspector or fire prevention officer about using products that do not have this sort of back-up. In any civilised country, the result will be the same. If the use of the product is mandated by code, you have no alternative but to provide the back-up. If it goes above and beyond the code, you're on your own anyway. You advocate the use of your product for unoccupied buildings. The primary purpose of codes is life safety. If there's nobody whose life needs to be saved, you're into property protection and coninuity of operations, which falls outside the normal realm of codes in the first place.

MikeDayoub's belief about the use of bounding for structural fire protection
''In terms of structural fire protection, I believe bounding refers to surfaces of a structure where thermal transfer can be measured and inhibited, firestops can be installed, and smoke containment is possible. I don't think it's a legal term implying some sort of protection or liability, except for when products are used outside of the bounds defined for tests or implementation. Example: (a municipal fire code) If you can provide references to support bounding as some sort of legal term, please do so because it would be a valuable learning experience for me. Unless references can be cited to support the previous versions of this article, I recommend it be replaced with a much shorter definition and the older content be moved to more suitable articles on test lab certification. MikeDayoub 17:28, 16 August 2006 (UTC)''

Author's Reply

Here's an example from the code text in the hyperlink you provided:

c. Subsection R323.1.7 is hereby revised to read as follows:

"R323.1.7 Flood-resistant materials. Building materials used below the design flood elevation shall comply with the following:

"1. All wood, including floor sheathing, shall be pressure-preservatively treated in accordance with AWPA U1 for the species, product, preservative and end use or the decay-resistant heartwood of redwood, black locust, or cedars. Preservatives shall conform to AWPA P1/13, P2, P3 or P5.

"2. Materials and installation methods used for flooring and interior and exterior walls and wall coverings shall conform to the provisions of FEMA/FIA-TB-2."

The FEMA standard mentioned can also be found here: http://www.portsmouthva.gov/planning/flood_irc2000_r327.htm

When installed configurations comply with systems or certification listings published by accredited certifiers, they are bounded

Here is a specific government text reference to the term bounding in passive fire protection

A direct quote from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission:

'''6. Comment. The basic premise of the NRC rule change fails to address industry experience in properly bounding fire tests for the myriad of fire seal configurations deployed throughout nuclear power stations. In one case, the licensee improperly used a single test to bound 2000 fire barrier penetration seals in many different fire seal configurations. This omission does not lend to the credibility of the agency's argument. Such evidence documents improperly tested seal configurations.'''

You can find that sentence on the following website from the US Government:

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/secys/2000/secy2000-0080/2000-0080scy.html

Here is another text reference from http://www.nirs.org/:

'''3.1.c The Petitioner contends that after Duke Power performed the three-hour fire tests at Omega Point Laboratories they utilized a hose stream test in accordance with requirements of EEEI 634. The referenced test standard is used exclusively for electrical penetrations using a light shower of a fog nozzle hose stream test. The test required for all other penetrations seals (mechanical, seismic, etc.) is ASTM-E and requires a hose stream test that uses a standardized one and a half inch nozzle at 30 psi.'''

'''The Petitioner contends that the Duke Power fire test does not provide an adequate test for standard fire fighting techniques likely to be utilized in the event of fire at the applicant units. The much gentler fog nozzle hose stream test provides for a preserving shower of water and does not simulate the pressure rating behind a standardized play pipe hose stream.'''

The Petitioner therefore contends that the Duke qualifying fire tests do not provide the appropriate bounding hose stream test for fire barrier penetrations seals in the applicant units to include all mechanical seals.

This quote is copied and pasted from this website:

http://www.nirs.org/reactorwatch/mox/nirsmcguirecatawbacontentions.htm

'''Installation requires that additional insulation material be placed on the top section of the cable trays, which, in turn, provides a more restrictive heat transfer system, potentially causing the cables to heat up to temperatures higher than those predicted by the test. This is a non-conservative requirement outside the bounding limits of the test. The 50°F rise above ambient temperature is questionable since the tests were performed in a warehouse without controlling the surrounding ambient air temperature.'''

That passage was copied and pasted from the following website:

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/secys/1999/secy1999-204/1999-204scy.html

MikeDayoub's question about attention on pfp for bounding
''Why does Bounding in structural fire protection merit special attention in this article? Are we expecting an expert in consumer electronics to contribute a similar paragraph? and another expert on pharmaceuticals, etc?--MikeDayoub 16:35, 11 August 2006 (UTC)''

Author's Reply:

While the use of the term may be extended to other areas, its origin is PFP in the nuclear industry. It has spread to the commercial and industrial realms. The definition provided here certainly does not limit its use to other fields.

--Achim 02:21, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

MikeDayoub's new questions after Author's replies above, 19. August 2006
May I edit this page so that bounding is closer to the description you provided here in the talk pages?

All that bounding is, is that field-installed products and systems conform in all respects to the product certification listings, such as those available from Underwriters Laboratories

I find it much clearer than the article's current introduction which defines bounding as a legal term.

''In terms of your authorship, I will be respectful of your contributions, keeping in mind Wiki guidelines regarding original thought. My intent as an editor is to improve the clarity of these articles and I will adhere to Wiki guidelines. I won't dispute your expert background but on Wikipedia we are both editors without ranking.''

''In terms of proposed edits for this article, I expect ultimately more suitable topics for this article are
 * standards,
 * bounding for design, and
 * bounding for test inputs and test outputs.''

''It might also be useful if we find citable prose for how bounding reduces liability for designers and implementors of procedures, emergency plans, products, structures and facilities. I will attempt to document verifiability using citations and links for some of the other prose in this article. The section on structural fire protection I propose moved to a fire protection article. The sections on confidentiality and governmental accreditation I propose be moved to articles describing different uses and types of test labs. MikeDayoub 14:47, 19 August 2006 (UTC)''

Author's Reply:

 * 1. your editing question

You are free to edit, as is anyone else. Reversing edits is also equally fair ball, especially if the edits are demonstrably without basis in fact. The above questions and answers clearly establish your need for expert knowledge in this field, without which, it is unwise to alter expert text. That does not prevent you from editing, but at some point, it may be deemed vandalism. You were clearly proven wrong above, offered no counter argument and refused to keep the debate to e-mail between us, preferring to carry on a dispute on here. Even the commercial basis, as the sole motivation for your edits, the motive of commercial success for your patent, you have no rebuttal for. The offer to have a telephone discussion, you likewise did not respond to. Instead, more verbiage on here.

 * 2. "bounding as a legal term"

You are still not getting it, after many repetitions of the same thing, in the article, on this talk page and in e-mails to your house. Legal back-up for an installed configuration, or due diligence is proven via bounding. there are now three places for you to look this up...

 * 3. "proposed edits by Michael Dayoub"

 * standards,
 * bounding for design, and
 * bounding for test inputs and test outputs.

Again, you still don't get it. While it is possible to extend the term to those or a number of other fields, it is not currently in use there. It would not sui any purpose whatsoerver for you to attempt to superimpose terminology into any fields of which you obviously know absolutely nothing. You don't know about these fields because they are not your fields. You have a commercial interest in the success of your patent. You perceive this article appears to be a thorn in your side. If you attempt to use Wikipedia to superimpose terminology into unrelated fields, that is called vandalism and it will get you locked out of here. If you told me that you were a member on a task group at Undwrwriters Laboratories or ASTM or ULC on a consensus standard and the term were used there, then your word would carry some credibility. However, that does not appear to be the case. Bounding is a field term in construction. No standard is deemed to be "bounded" by anything. That is not the language used in the standards writing world, of which I have been a part and of which you have no knowledge whatsoever, as is extremely clear from your prose here.

Likewise, design teams in cosntructions muist abide by codes and the standards to which the refer and sound engineering practice. While the term could be used there, there is no evidence that it is actually in use, which would make your contemplated edits nothing other than commercially motivated vandalism.

 * Test inputs and outputs?

That little catchphrase you just invented is likewise not in use in the world of product testing and certification. I have run hundreds of tests over the years in my own labs and in third party labs such as ULI, ULC, TUB, Nelson/Tulsa and more. You can see one example right here: http://www.geocities.com/astximw/test.html. The term bounding is not used in that realm. It IS used where described in the article.

So, I can't stop you from editing and neither can you stop anyone else from reversing what you intend to do. If you're going to do it though, I suggest you do your homework a little better and answer the biggest question of all:

What is MikeDayoub's editing motive apart from his commercial interest in his patent, which has trouble succeeding because its use is not a code requirement and because there is no specific standard to test it meaning that bounding cannot be established, which hampers distribution and sales?--Achim 23:57, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

Proposal to MikeDayoub:
Check out my latest edit to see if that makes you happy:

''Bounding refers to a legal requirement for goods and services whose use is mandated by law. It means adhering to the requirements of installing and/or using safety-related products and items in conformance with an active certification listing that has been issued by an organisation that is nationally accredited both for testing AND product certification.''

''Products whose use is not mandated by any building codes or fire codes often lack a consensus test method. Unless there is a test standard in existence to prove the functionality and reliability of such a product, there can be no certification listings and thus no bounding. Such new products may be seen as optional, or going above and beyond the requirements of a code.''--Achim 00:05, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

The Queen's English
1. Surely a technical term ought not to have evolved a definition that's too far from common sense meaning. Shouldn't "bounding" mean (a) necessity of the set of bounds is satisfied by the instance: that a particular system's components can be demonstrated to have measurable attributes that are within the bounds that would be necessary for acceptable performance (necessary -- that if not all were satisfied then unacceptable performance would/could occur); and (b) the set of bounds is sufficient: that as long as each attribute is within its bound, then that is sufficient to guarantee that a system will have acceptable performance?

If you want to see a technical term that's too stretched, check out the definition of "ideas of reference" in DSM IV TR.

2. "[...] insurance adjusters will seek evidence that bounding has generally been occurred." "Been occurred"???! — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)

Bounding as a term
Following on the previous comment (Queen's English), I question the use of the word bounding as referenced in this article, and as referenced in many other WP articles. The word bounding or bound is not found in any independant source I can find, making the word as used in these articles a violation of Wikipedia:Verifiability and Wikipedia:No original research. It is not used in this context anywhere in NFPA codes, by UL, in model building codes, or in any standard fire protection resources (e.g., The NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, or The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering).

The references cited above in the discussions between Achim and MikeDayoub are citations of the term used by an individual making comments to a large regulatory agency. However, the agency itself only uses the term in responding to the original use of the word in those comments.

The information included in the article is not at issue in this comment - only the definition of the term itself. NFPA uses the term listing in this context, which is a broadly accepted and used term. Fireproeng 18:54, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

 * From what I can tell, the question before the court is whether or not we have a reliable source to substantiate the use of the word "bounding" as the definining word for this concept. If we can find a proper citation for "listing", then we need to move the article to that title.  I recommend Listing (safety) as the move target in that case.  However, we have a bigger problem first.  There are NO citations whatsoever for this article.  Thus before we even think about worrying about big changes, we need to get a whole load of citations to verify what's already in there.  I consider that far more important at this juncture.  SchuminWeb (Talk) 21:28, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

There is now a defined term Certification listing, with a representative example of the plethora of listings. The references in this talk page provide ample evidence of the use of the term, which perhaps you two don't seem to understand. The mere suggestion of equivalency between listing and bounding indicates a fundamental lack of understanding. The article is very clear, even though the FPE handbook authors may be unaware of it. In the first place, I don't see that as an authoritative source on the topic of testing and complying with listings. But even for the novice: you have an installed configuration, it complies with a listing, it is now bounded. You have a 20A circuit, you now put in a 30A fuse, it is no longer bounded because it is being used outside the parameters of the applicable certification listing. It overloads and you have a fire - that's why. The article is self-explanatory, as is the use of the term in industry, even if you two are not familiar with it. The references are equally clear, both from the government (Nuclear Regulatory Commission) and from industry, both nuclear and non-nuclear. The term originated in nuclear and has spread from there, as the article indicates. It is also a very necessary term, because otherwise you get more novices out there using terms like "approved" when they really mean that there's a UL listing on something with no clear idea whether or not the installed configuration is in compliance. Example: a 1 hour rated spray fire proofing, with a UL listing, used when it should be a 2 hour rated system. The novice or charlatan says "approved" because it makes you feel good. Bounded is different. Now you actually look at the certification listing and find out that perhaps the "listed" stuff was listed for a flame spread rating and then used as a firestop. The presence of a listing is one thing. Complying with it in all respects of an installed configuration is another. Before dissing the term and tagging it without an understanding despite the clarity of the provided material, you may want to actually look through the plethora of links provided in the talk page plus the ones added to the article itself. --Achim 05:36, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

 * The concept that the final use configuration of a safety component or system should be within the limits of the design rating (or "listing"), which is based on testing, is clear and is not being questioned, so it does not need further explanation. The term is what's at issue. The sources cited are self referencing as explained above. Please see Verifiability and No original research for guidelines for adequate sources, especially the section on Primary, secondary, and tertiary sources. Also, the primary sources cited use the term "bound" in the context of "encompassing" or in establishing "boundaries".

 * Additionally, extending this very limited use of the word to anything other than fire-stops as referenced in the nuclear industry is not supported by any sources at all. Fireproeng 06:29, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

It is being used beyond the realm you mentioned in the very links cited. If you read them, you will find that. Apart from that is is a necessary term, better than the code lingo "included at the time of test", which does not hit the nail on the head exactly. The fact is that a plethory of back-up exists. The article is referenced multifold through governmental sources. So what's your real problem here? That FPE's haven't hear about it? They use it in the realm. Just check with NRR (where a load of them typically work by the way, crating paperwork to justify the use of testing done minus accreditation), for instance, and you'll find it in use far beyond firestopping. --Achim 21:56, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

 * The burden of proof is with the editor offering the text. I have read some of the sources, and I have not seen the use of the term anywhere near to the extent you cite. If there are sources, please cite them explicitly. This is not a question of who knows what – if there are not proper sources per WP guidelines, the term does not merit an article or use in WP. Fireproeng 22:37, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

The word "bounding" is a common term used for many years by the NRC and the fire protection engineers at Underwriters Lab. It is the term used to describe the acceptable range of a tested systems acceptance. For example if you fire test a simple schedule 40 pipe system, the annulus space, coatings on the pipe, and all perimeters of the test configuration has been determined to be the bounding limits of the design. I don't understand that after 30 years in the passive fire protection field why we are asking Wikipedia to determine something like a "personal definition" of an industry used term in fire barrier testing configuration-bounding limits? This article simply used the most prevalent and accepted term used by the industry. If you have another acceptable term for the intent of bounding it probably should be considered however if it hasn't been used as "common usage" as "bounding has been" I would leave the article alone. I would suggest "if" you have a "personal or profit" incentive here you should be disallowed. Gerald W. Brown

 * Unfortunately, this discussion is becoming repetitious, as the points are not being addressed. "If there are sources, please cite them explicitly. This is not a question of who knows what – if there are not proper sources per WP guidelines, the term does not merit an article or use in WP."Fireproeng 23:04, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

The governmental sources used for this term match the guidelines. What's more is that there are plentiful sources, which are cited. Your statement that they are inadequate is simply nonsense. Your statement that it is simply understood that installed configurations have to be bounded, to use a common industry term known to people who work in fire protection, is one of the main assumptions which make enough FPE work that I know of hazardous, to put it mildly, is also known in the industry. In England, for instance, it is absolutely rampant, because product certification is optional, as it is in Yemen and Burundi. As a result, supposedly learned FPEs render assessments on top of assessments, many of which would not survive a half an hour in test sample on a furnace. At UL and ULC, they are often defeated, much to the chagrin the of the sponsors. This sort of thing is routinely defeated by reality on construction sites as well. Therein lies a large crux in your very profession. You and your peers don't know that you don't know and the term must seem threatening. The burden of proof is amply justified and the last guy to take it on had a proven self interest, as you can see above. As soon as it was altered to state that his new product was exempt from bounding because no test standard was in existence for his product, he backed off immediately, but never defeated the term on merit. I see it as indicative when this term is attacked, because it is always without merit. Would it not be nice, to live in a world where a fire protection plan for an occupancy can exist on the basis of nonsense assumptions, such as that fire protection products are installed in a bounded manner? Then your computer simulations, which are often junk, work out, right? It's a two hour drywall - period. Not so. Why? The devil lies in the detail and you have absolutely nothing to challenge that with. This is an industry term that has been in use for a long time and the burden of proof has been clearly stated. For some reason, you find that threatening. You also offer nothing to to de-value the existing citations. That, and nothing else, is what is repetititive here. Don't you have a better way to spend your time? --Achim 23:33, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Again - this is not a question of your opinions - it is one regarding WP guidelines. You have not provided sources to the requirements of WP standards as cited several times. I have been civil, and have assumed good faith on your part, but have not seen the same respect from you. I have refrained from editing, based on your above comments regarding your interpretation of revert edits as vandalism, as it would only result in an edit war, which I will not entertain. I will not be drawn into a debate outside the realm of WP, regardless of your derogatory comments for others outside your personal experiences. In order to efficiently resolve this, per Resolving disputes, I will ask for an opinion via the Mediation Cabal. Fireproeng 00:17, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I apologize for not signing in on my last post to this extensive discussion on the term or word bounding. I am relieved it has gone to the board. This "risk based" approach may or may not have merit? I have no patent pending and I do not understand the problem with the industry wide usage of "bounding"? Gerald w. Brown

 * There is wide spread usage of the term "bounding", however an encyclopedia, unlike a dictionary, requires a higher standard than mere usage in order to justify an entry. The opening paragraph has been fact tagged and so far nobody has cited reliable secondary sources explaining the term. Addhoc 14:52, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Lacking response from tags, and based on the creation of bounding as a neologism (WP:NEO), I plan on merging the sections of this article with Product certification. Fireproeng 23:58, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

What we have here is a tag team effort, not effective mediation. The mere notion of having bounding included with product certification is indicative. A certified product's field installation and use is the realm of bounding. The process of product certification itself is a separate matter. But then, my learned colleague also thinks it's OK to substitute listed, proprietary products for generic ones. If anyone thinks that this is a bit odd, why not ask Underwriters Laboratories what they think of it? --Achim 03:36, 14 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Youre still missing the point. "Bounding" cannot have a "realm", as it is a neologism WP:NEO. Also, you have my beleifs confused, please stick to yours. Fireproeng 03:52, 14 August 2007 (UTC)

Judging by the spelling, I take it you're not an English major either, are you? --Achim 04:09, 14 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Given that sources haven't been provided, I would suggest going ahead with the merge. Also, I'll close the medcab case - Achim, if you want to wants to pursue mediation could I suggest you consider formal mediation? If that doesn't work, I recommend WP:ARBCOM.--Addhoc 23:32, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Merge into Product Certification
Per above, am preparing merged article. Bounding to be mentioned in revised Product certification as restricted to a term used in fire stopping in the nuclear industry. The concept of the Bounding article will be included, in that a prodcut can only be expected to perform as intended in the field if it is installed in the same configuration as it was tested. Fireproeng 16:58, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

So, the link to the failed mediation (tag-teaming) is simply removed and still, nobody bothers to answer any specifics. Better just to hide even the ugly questions it raised? These are the actions of people who absolutely cannot under any circumstances appear under any name other than an one invented just for the purpose of appearing in Wikipedia because to actually reveal identity would be far too unpleasant. And the next move is to further tagteam as necessary to ensure that the current status quo is preserved and all looks just wonderful. How sad indeed, to find it necessary to perpetuate this: http://www.pacificfreepress.com/content/view/1571/81/ .--<IP_ADDRESS> 21:21, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mediation_Cabal/Cases/2007-07-01_Bounding
This case is unresolved. It is being arbitrarily closed without having the tag-team against me answer any real specifics that would be embarrassing. Here is the next step. The avoidance of the specifics and then moving on to remove the good work whilst questioning whether the Pope is catholic and pretending that vital facts are needed, which are widely known in industry. I remain disgusted.--Achim 21:29, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

Merge with Product Certification
This response is intended to maintain the continuity of the work on the proposed merger. I have been very busy lately, and will complete the merger within the next few weeks. I did not see the comments placed on the Talk:Product certification page by<EMAIL_ADDRESS>using a sock puppet, as they were not placed as identified on this talk page per the Merge notice, per WP policy. Those comments were not not to point on the results of the mediation, resulting in "bounding" being a neologism. Achim, refrain from personal attacks, as listed there and as you have done by vandalizing my Talk page. Fireproeng 21:27, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

<EMAIL_ADDRESS>if you revert the Merge tag again, I will ask for an administrator to review and consider block based on 3-revert rule. Fireproeng 04:09, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Here we go again, avoiding uncomfortable questions, Fireproeng
--Achim 00:12, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * 1. Unfounded accusation of using sock puppets. Proof: 0
 * 2. Avoiding, as usual, the substantive questions raised with meaningless verbiage. "maintaining the continuity of work on the proposed merger". This is once again a one-man show, at best aided and abetted by his tag-team partner, found through mining as to who argued with me before - but neither are capable of bringing any susbstantive answers to the table.
 * 3. Instead: Let's use threats! Certainly an administrator can be found who is best buddies with the tag team partner, who would seek to maintain a pathetic status quo, right?
 * 4. No matter what the utterly pathetic and highly transparent excuse (soooooooo busy), by no means can Fireproeng answer why hordes of his willing friends are not flocking to his cause in getting rid of an industry term that is used by the federal government of the United States of America, as well as industry, easily proven yet dismissed by his tag-team partner?'
 * 5. Let's look at a convenient piece of disinformation: The comments about "the merger" (proposed by Fireproeng because it aids the cause of a status quo convenient to his trade) were made on the appropriate page right here. He's talking about sock puppets. Perhaps it's time to sort out his sock drawer at home? Are we getting confused? Why is it that Fireproeng cannot bring himself to answer the actual questions raised by the only comments on the talk page?
 * 6. Let's give orders! Achim, refrain from.... Who, Fireproeng do you think you are? And while on that topic, if your prose on here, which consists pretty much exclusively of messing with other people's work whilst contributing not much of anything at all, no pictures, new articles, just preserving a pathetic status quo, demanding proof that the Pope is Catholic, which he ought reasonably to know if he had the schooling he claims, which he will not prove of course and takes offense at the thought of having pointed out, just who are you really? You just cannot say, can you? Few people in the fire protection trade find that level of secrecy this necessary. Are we going to find some skeletons? Are you worried that your written statements can and will endanger whatever licenses you claim to hold? I have seen enough of your writings to flunk you from assorted exams. I point them out and you avoid them. You cannot stand to answer uncomfortable questions and when you do, I take them apart and you avoid it again. If you believed what you said, you would act differently. Why don't you try it just for once? Look at the text I just wrote. Whenver a sentence ends with a QUESTION MARK (?), provide an in-depth answer. I believe you lack the intestinal fortitude, knowledge and conviction. All you can do is hide, remain anonymous, cry the blues and find tagteam partners who know even less about fire protection than you do. How pathetic.

Article is a horrible mess
I am not an expert on the subject, but even to me it is obvious that this article is a horrible mess. I've added several tags to the article, and here is a brief comments of them: Ipsign (talk) 06:15, 3 August 2011 (UTC)
 * there is no one single reference in the whole article. It clearly violates the very principles behind Wikipedia (see WP:CCPOL and WP:VERIFIABILITY); all material (especially in the article heading) should be either referenced or removed.
 * from the article, it is completely unclear which industry it refers to. From the article wording, is looks that it aims all the industries, but the article itself and external materials seem to suggest that it mostly (or even exclusively?) applies to building industry and fire protection. This is a fundamental question for this article and must be clarified to make it useful.
 * any discussion about laws and/or regulations is inherently specific to a specific country/jurisdiction, and generalizations, as a rule of thumb, do not stand; just one example: I have *extremely strong* doubts that phrase "Even an organisation that is nationally accredited for testing purposes may not necessarily issue test reports that provide assurance that commercial products tested by it are the same as what is being sold or used by the public." has *universal* standing across the world. In any case, burden of proof of such a bold statement lies with the editor who adds or restores material (WP:BURDEN), and if not provided, I will be moving to remove this and similar statement on the basis of WP:VERIFIABILITY. Overall, I'd suggest to rewrite the article in the following way (the same way most articles which involve legal matters are written): to specify basic principles, which apply universally, and then go into specific details on per-jurisdiction basis, avoiding implications that these specific rules apply world-wide.

Why can't we all just get along??? SadIP — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:50, 12 January 2012 (UTC)

Not an expert on the subject?
This is why there are many items linked here. Whilst reviewing the items lined to the article, the answers to the reader's questions should become crystal clear.
 * The aim of encyclopedia (and Wikipedia) is to provide short description, usable for non-experts (it is not a specialized publication). Also we need to remember that it is written for readers (not for editors nor for experts), and readers are not interested in fulfilling full-scale research on the subject. Article is a horrible mess (I don't remember a single article which is worse - save for highly controversial advocacy stuff), but unfortunately I don't have time myself to dig into subject area deep enough to be able to fix it. Ipsign (talk) 05:53, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * BTW, I admit that this kind of article (summarizing regulations from different countries) is one of the most difficult ones to write, and I admit it was a good effort to write it. Still, I feel that it is in a desperate need of improvement, because for casual reader it is extremely difficult to comprehend. Is there a chance to rewrite at least lead of the article so it becomes more readable to the casual encyclopedia reader? As I've said - I cannot do it myself, as it will take years to become competent in this convoluted field. Ipsign (talk) 06:14, 2 February 2012 (UTC)

References exclusively to fire protection products in buildings is a problem?
The article mentions toasters as well. Rather than to just point out areas of improvement, is there anything that would prevent any editor from adding on other items where this applies, such as electrical appliances? Pointing out a desire to remove work and justifying this, is not as useful as ading the needed items in. If you bathe with your plugged in toaster, for example, you are not using it in a bounded manner and the instructions clearly point that out, which is more than likely a requirement by the certification organisation. Why not add what would help, rather than to criticise what is there?

No single reference in the article?
There are links to Wikipedia articles as well as direct links to subject related organisations, like DIBt (Germany), SCC (Canada) and UL (USA). If one actually studied the referenced material, it would become self-evident that the desired back-up is actually provided. But this requires perusal of the referenced information, as opposed to assumptions, followed by threats of removal.
 * Intra-links are never enough, please familiarise yourself with WP:V and WP:RS (Wikipedia is not a reliable source for Wikipedia purposes). And links are not references, they're not enough either. Ipsign (talk) 05:48, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Then you fix it. I am tired of people who find fault but won't trouble themselves to actually do something constructive to fix things themselves. Instead they just tag, make the existing work look bad and never do the actualy work themselves to improve things.--Achim (talk) 19:08, 12 February 2012 (UTC)

international certification differences
Again, the referenced information would have to be perused in detail to be able to make judgments. I fail to see how this could have happened here. Specifically, a certification organisation does not purport to have checked every lot manufactured. Instead, UL, as an example, checks 4 times per year. They just walk in and are permitted complete access to the plant, what goes on in the shop and in the records. At the end of this inspection, the listee gets a report. If any noncompliances are found, they must be dealt with swiftly or the right to use the certification mark is removed. That's a lot of checking. Certainly, not every lot will be seen. But the UL label is superb evidence that systemic issues are very unlikely. They can walk in any time. Why would you risk messing with that as a manufacturer? The Germans do it a bit differently, but it works well too. The lab does not have the formula (for example if the product being made is a chemical mixture). DIBt has the formula. But the lab still comes in and checks for physical characteristics that have stated tolerances, takes samples back to the lab and then tests those materials further to make sure everything is the same as what was tested. Reports, compliant as well as noncompliant, are sent to DIBt in Berlin first. They remove the approval right away and then you can argue to get it back later. It's a different way of doing it but it works just as well. In some countries, anything goes. So not every lot made by the plant has been witnessed. But if you are labelled, it is very hard to hide any systemic issues and foremost, there is really no incentive to doing anything that gets your label removed because then you're out of business. All of what I have written here is public domain information and it is provided in the referenced links. But if you don't read that, you can delete everything based on your assumptions I suppose. --Achim (talk) 23:50, 1 February 2012 (UTC)


text:
Chebdar

The Chebdar is a river in Altai Republic in Russia. It is 50 km long, and its drainage basin covers 902 km2.

The Chebdar is the only significant and paddleable tributary of the Bashkaus, coming in from the left where the Lower Gorge of the Bashkaus ends, not far from Chulyshman confluence.

The river starts on the plateau west to the lower Bashkaus valley and for the first 25 to 30 km it is a small stream flowing north. At the point where Chebdar valley swings east (towards Bashkaus), three large tributaries, each nearly the size of the main river, come in and make it paddleable. The last of these, Synyrlu, has a trail along coming down to the confluence and this was reported as the optimal put-in.

After the Synyrlu confluence, the Chebdar flows in a narrow 25 km long gorge that cuts through all the way to Bashkaus. This section was reported as quite similar to the Lower Gorge of the Bashkaus, but narrower, tougher, steeper and with less water. Both banks are generally not passable, and there is significant rock fall danger especially during rainy weather.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Chebdar


text:
Web Design/HTML exam questions

The following questions are to help you identify where you need more work or..h.

The questions are divided into beginner, intermediate and advanced sections.

Beginner

 * 1) What is a WYSIWYG editor and why should we learn html without them?
 * 2) What is the root element (ie. the first tag) of every html page? Doctype
 * 3) Where does the text inside the   element appear in a browser?  The text will be displayed  in the main web  browser window, just  on the top  bar.
 * 4) Describe one benefit of separating your content (the information of your page) and your presentation (the way your page is displayed in the browser).
 * 5) Identify two attributes of the   element and explain what they are used for. Width and height
 * 6) Identify the html element that contains everything that is displayed in your actual browser window. Html
 * 7) Write the HTML to create a paragraph with the following text: Price - €8.95  (you might need to reference the HTML Cheat Sheet)
 * 8) Write the anchor tag required to link from the page links.html to the page contact.html when the files are organised as follows:
 * 9) Both in the same folder
 * 10) the contact.html page is located in a subfolder called "contactfiles"
 * 11) the links.html page is located in a subfolder called "otherfiles"
 * 12) If you have a div on your page such as , write the anchor link required to scroll your page directly to the Contact Us information.
 * 13) What does HTML stand for?

P.S. If you're unable to answer these HTML questions then please visit www.webtml.com. This website helped my get straight A's on my HTML tests.

Intermediate

 * 1) Identify two HTML elements that you can use inside the   element and describe what they're used for.
 * 2) Every element has an opening and closing tag. For example,  . Identify two HTML elements that combine the opening and closing tag into one single tag.
 * 3) Identify the HTML element that is used to create divisions or sections within your page.
 * 4) Explain 3 reasons why HTML tables should be used for tabular data and not for laying out a page.
 * 5) List the HTML elements that you need to create a table and explain how each element is used.
 * 6) Explain why a DOC TYPE is a useful thing to include in a web page.
 * 7) Identify two different DOC TYPE and explain why you would use one over the other.
 * 8) Explain why modern web browsers have both a "quirks" mode and a "standards" mode.
 * 9) Explain the difference between the alt attribute and the title attribute?

Advanced

 * 1) Identify and discuss the pro's and con's of HTML 5 vs HTML 2

title: Web Design/HTML exam questions


text:
spicciolo

Etymology 1
From.

Adjective

 * 1) describing small change

Noun

 * 1) small change
 * 2) chump change
 * 3) loose change
 * 4) shrapnel

title: spicciolo


text:
Talk:Cholsey and Wallingford Railway

"Special Events" section
This: a) reads like promotional text, and b) is out of date, referring to 2011 only. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:13, 9 March 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cholsey and Wallingford Railway


text:
Marina Ferragut

Marina Ferragut Castillo (born 11 February 1972 in Barcelona) is a Spanish former basketball player who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics and in the 2004 Summer Olympics, achieving a total of 253 caps for the national team. She played in the WNBA at the New York Liberty during the 2000 season. She played on 253 occasions with the Spanish National team. She retired in 2011.

Club career
She played at Fontvella Manresa from her junior years to her debut with the senior team at 15. As one of the most promising young players of her time, she got transferred to the Caja Toledo - BEX Banco Exterior project, with other young Spanish prospects in order to prepare for the 1992 Summer Olympics. She went on to play for some of the most important clubs in the Spanish league, like Ros Casares Valencia, CB Avenida, CDB Zaragoza and Real Canoe NC, winning a total of six Spanish leagues and 5 Spanish cups.

Between 1997 and 2000 she played for French clubs BAC Mirande and Limoges ABC, Brazilian team Santo André (winning one Brazilian league and one South American cup) and WNBA team New York Liberty (becoming Western Conference champion in 2000).

National team
She made her debut with Spain women's national basketball team at the age of 17. She played with the senior team for 17 years, from 1989 to 2006. She is one of the most capped players with a total of 253 caps and 7.4 PPG. She participated in two Olympic Games (Barcelona 1992 and Athens 2004), three World Championships and five European Championships:
 * 9th 1987 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship for Women (youth)
 * 6th 1988 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship for Women (youth)
 * 5th 1989 FIBA Under-19 World Championship for Women (youth)
 * 4th 1989 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship for Women (youth)
 * Silver_medal_icon.svg 1990 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship for Women (youth)
 * 5th 1992 Summer Olympics
 * Gold_medal_europe.svg 1993 Eurobasket
 * 8th 1994 World Championship
 * 5th 1997 Eurobasket
 * 5th 1998 World Championship
 * Bronze_medal_europe.svg 2001 Eurobasket
 * 5th 2002 World Championship
 * Bronze_medal_europe.svg 2003 Eurobasket
 * 6th 2004 Summer Olympics
 * Bronze_medal_europe.svg 2005 Eurobasket

title: Marina Ferragut


text:
Maclays Brewery

Maclay's Brewery was a Scottish brewery based in Alloa, Clackmannanshire until 2001. It remains a beer brand in Scotland and Canada, produced under contract at other breweries in each country.

History
In 1830, James Maclay (1801-1875) founded the brewery as James Maclay, Ale, Porter, Table and India Beer Brewer of Alloa. James Maclay established himself as a brewer of great repute over the next 39 years and in 1870, James built the Thistle Brewery, which until 1999, was the home of the ales, which bore his name.

James Maclay died in 1875, leaving his two sons James and John to run the company. The Fraser family, licensed grocers and spirit merchants from Dunfermline took over Maclay in December 1896 and in December of that year, the firm became a private limited company named Maclay & Company, Limited.

Maclays ales won medals at Vienna in 1894, Newcastle in 1898 and Paris in 1900.

Despite the renown of their Oat Malt Stout, the change in fashion away from dark beers led to difficulties for the company in the 1990s and brewing at the Thistle Brewery ceased in 1999. In 2001 the company ceased using the buildings as their office base. The Thistle brewery has since been demolished and replaced by retail units and flats. Only part of the brewery survives and is now a pub called The Old Brewery, owned by Belhaven.

On March 10, 1994, the company changed its name to Maclay Inns Limited to better reflect its current business model. The company acquired the Clockwork Beer Company in Glasgow, which now operates as the de facto Maclays brewery under the Three Thistles PLC, brewing its own range of beers and Maclays recipes.

In 2012 Tennent Caledonian acquired a substantial minority shareholding.

On 23 January 2015 it was announced that the company had gone into administration after failing to find a “strategic solution to the financial pressures facing the business”. Administrators EY continue to operate the business whilst trying to find a buyer. The 15 pubs are reported to be trading profitably. In June 2015 it was reported that Stonegate Pub Company had bought the Maclays owned pubs from administration.

Beers
Maclays beers are now brewed under licence by Belhaven Brewery and by Sleeman Breweries in Canada.

title: Maclays Brewery


text:
Online OsiriX Documentation

OsiriX is an open source program written by Antoine Rosset, M.D., which turns an Apple Macintosh into a DICOM PACS workstation for medical imaging and image processing.

OsiriX is distributed under the GNU General Public License and its source code is available to anyone.

Note: This documentation is pertinent to OsiriX version 2.7.5, but this documentation is rather dated and does not pertain to the latest version (3.8.1) of OsiriX. For the latest version see http://sourceforge.net/projects/osirix/ and http://www.osirix-viewer.com/

 * 1) About OsiriX
 * 2) OsiriX Specifications
 * 3) OsiriX System Requirements
 * 4) Downloading and Installing OsiriX
 * 5) FAQ

OsiriX HOW TOs

 * 1) Importing DICOM images into OsiriX and Viewing DICOM headers
 * 2) Customizing OsiriX windows
 * 3) Opening multiple series simultaneously
 * 4) Viewing multiple series simultaneously
 * 5) Managing your local OsiriX database
 * 6) Making fusion images
 * 7) Opening non-DICOM images and movies
 * 8) Exporting DICOM images
 * 9) Using the 4-D viewer
 * 10) Multi-planar reconstruction (MPR)
 * 11) 3-D reconstructions
 * 12) Volume Rendering Settings
 * 13) Using OsiriX as a PACS workstation
 * 14) Using 2-D thick slabs
 * 15) Navigational shortcuts
 * 16) Making OsiriX run faster
 * 17) Using OsiriX Plugins
 * 18) Forwarding a Crash Report to the Developers
 * 19) Opening Mac-Unfriendly CDs with OsiriX
 * 20) Extract a 3D volume from a series
 * 21) Working with Curved-MPR
 * 22) How to Increase Thick Slab
 * 23) How to Generate DSA Images
 * 24) DICOM Print

OsiriX Menu Reference

 * 1) OsiriX
 * 2) File
 * 3) Edit
 * 4) Format
 * 5) 2D Viewer
 * 6) 3D Viewer
 * 7) ROI
 * 8) Plugins
 * 9) Window
 * 10) Help

OsiriX Developer Information

 * 1) /OsiriX Developer Overview/
 * 2) /OsiriX Anonymous and Developer SVN access/
 * 3) /Building OsiriX/

Setting an Osirix Based workflow
I would like to assemble information and opinions for integrating Osirix into the IMAGING Department of a Hospital. I set up a group at yahoo to start compiling info and ideas. Please tell me if this is the correct place to put this information. So I WIll write here several of my questions/conclusions, and I will integrate into the wiki so that similar projects can view and improve recommendations.

Yahoo OsiriX group

Proposed setup -First workstation, a Mac Pro 8 core, 16 GB ram(*A), 2x500 GB Hard Drive (*B) Graphics to drive 2 monitors(*C). 2 Optical drives.

-Second workstation, a Mac pro X? core, 8 GB ram(*A), 2x500 GB, Graphics 2, Monitors 2x30" 4Mp Color.

-A dedicated 1Gb Ethernet switch for Imaging dept, 2 ports each mac por (in tandem) conected to all other Imaging equipment apart from the rest of the hospital, and a router to hospital network.

-A filmless printing solution for non diagnostic printing of images and reports. (*C)

Questions?
 * 1) /CPU/
 * 2) /Storage/
 * 3) /Displays/
 * 4) /Network (HW)/
 * 5) /Printing/
 * 6) /Burning CD or DVDs/
 * 7) /Alternative solutions/
 * 8) /Additional tools/
 * 9) /Help with IT, costs/

title: Online OsiriX Documentation


text:
Hoover (seal)

Hoover (c. 1971 – July 25, 1985) was a harbor seal who was able to imitate basic human speech.

Cundy’s Harbor
On May 5, 1971, Scottie Dunning discovered a tiny male harbor seal pup on the shore of Cundy's Harbor, Maine. After a failed attempt at locating the pup's mother, Dunning called his brother-in-law George Swallow for help. When Swallow arrived, the two searched for the mother seal and later found her dead among the rocks.

After careful consideration, Swallow finally decided to take the seal pup home with him. At first, it refused to drink milk from a bottle, but once advice was given by a neighbor to grind up fish and offer it to the pup, he sucked it up like a hoover (vacuum cleaner), hence his name.

The Swallows kept him in their bathtub, but this proved too inconvenient within a few days. So George moved him out back to a spring-fed pond where he set up a "pup tent" enclosed by a wire fence. Hoover lived very much like a family dog and even accompanied George riding into town with his head poking out of the window.

As Hoover grew, so did his appetite, and the Swallows found themselves contracting a firm in Portland, Maine, to supply them with enough fish. The Swallows spoke to the seal pup constantly. Alice Swallow recalls in her book, Hoover the Seal and George: "If George was late in giving Hoover his breakfast [he] found his way up to the back steps … George would yell, 'Hello, there'. George and Hoover were great friends. Sometimes Hoover would hide … and would not appear until George yelled, 'Get out of there and come over here!' Then Hoover would come out of hiding and rush over to George and greet him with a wet, fishy kiss." It was during this time that Hoover began to mimic George's thick, gruff accent and catchphrases.

Soon, however, the Swallows reluctantly decided they could not keep Hoover, due to his increasing growth and enormous fish intake. In August, they contacted the New England Aquarium, who agreed to accept Hoover at their facility.

New England Aquarium
Upon their arrival, George informed the Aquarium staff that Hoover could talk, but none of the attendants believed him so he did not press the point. It wasn't until 5 years later, as an adult seal, that Hoover became comfortable with his surroundings at the Aquarium and began to utter phrases such as: “Hello, there!” and “Come over here!” in a thick New England accent similar to Swallow’s.

On account of this unique feature, Hoover became famous and appeared along with the Swallows in publications such as Reader’s Digest and The New Yorker and the television program Good Morning, America.

Death
Hoover died on July 25, 1985, due to complications during his annual molt. His obituary was published in The Boston Globe.

Legacy
None of Hoover's six pups (daughters Joey, Amelia, and Trumpet and sons Lucifer, Cinder, and Spark) spoke, but his grandson Chacoda (or "Chucky") has shown an ability to be guided in his vocalizations. As of 2007, Chucky remains vocal but has not shown an ability to mimic human speech. Aquarium staff continue to work with him.

In popular culture
In 2013, Derek Kaloust and Anna Tillett wrote a children’s book about Hoover and the Swallows entitled Hoover the Talking Seal.

In Series 4 Episode 11 of the British comedy panel game show QI (Quite Interesting), host Stephen Fry asked a question regarding "Hoover the talking seal.”

title: Hoover (seal)


text:
Gornovka

Gornovka (Горновка) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Ivanovsky Selsoviet, Kuryinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 168 as of 2013. There are 4 streets.

Geography
Gornovka is located on the Milovanovka River, 25 km southwest of Kurya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ivanovka is the nearest rural locality.

title: Gornovka


text:
Regionalist League of the Balearic Islands

The Regionalist League of the Balearic Islands (Lliga Regionalista de les Illes Balears, Liga Regionalista de las Islas Baleares EV–CEC) was a Balearic regionalist political party founded in February 2011 from members of the People's Party (PP) and merged into Proposta per les Illes in November 2012.


text:
Cuthonella ferruginea

Cuthonella ferruginea is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cuthonellidae.

Distribution
This species was described from a single specimen collected at 600 m depth between the Faeroe Islands and Iceland at 64.88333°N, -10°W.

title: Cuthonella ferruginea


text:
Online OsiriX Documentation/3-D reconstructions

< ^ >

OsiriX supports three 3D reconstruction modules:

1) Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP)

3D MIP Reconstruction

This reconstruction uses a ‘ray-tracing’ technique to identify which pixel has the maximum intensity on each ray. This technique is useful for contrast MRIs or CTs, and bone CTs.

2) Volume Rendering

3D Volume Rendering

This reconstruction uses a ‘ray-tracing’ technique to apply a transparency/opacity to each pixel depending on their position and their intensity. This technique produces nice images of soft tissues for MRI and CT. It is actually the most used 3D technique and will produce the nicest images in many situations.

3) Surface Rendering

3D Surface Rendering

This reconstruction produces surfaces that are based on an “iso-contour” defined by the user. This technique is useful for virtual endoscopy and bone CTs. The user can define two different surfaces to render.

OsiriX < ^ >

Documentación en línea de OsiriX/Reconstrucción 3-D OsiriX オンライン解説文書/OsiriX入門 3D再構成像を作成する


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Diana Pharaoh Francis (2nd nomination)

The result was keep. Yunshui 雲 水 10:31, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

Diana Pharaoh Francis
AfDs for this article:
 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

I recognize that this will be controversial, as I guess all 2nd noms are. No new coverage (that I can find). Article sourced almost exclusively to book listings, not secondary sources. The one other source is a book review. Subject seems to be a prolific author (250 books is nothing to sneeze at) but no indication that she is at all a notable one. Fails GNG as well as NAUTHOR Hydromania (talk) 02:16, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Can't believe I conflated the numbers I read. She has less than 20 books and a couple short stories. Hydromania (talk) 03:06, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Authors-related deletion discussions. Hydromania (talk) 02:16, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Women-related deletion discussions. Hydromania (talk) 02:16, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of New Hampshire-related deletion discussions. Hydromania (talk) 02:16, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Academics and educators-related deletion discussions. Thsmi002 (talk) 02:26, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of California-related deletion discussions. Thsmi002 (talk) 02:26, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete. Published much, noted little (that I can find). Xxanthippe (talk) 03:00, 23 September 2019 (UTC).
 *  Weak Keep While I haven't found a huge number of reviews, there are multiple reviews of two of her novels, Path of Fate (in SF Site Featured Reviews, Voice of Youth Advocates, Booklist and the  Kliatt Young Adult Paperback Book Guide) and The Cipher (in a lengthy review/profile in The Montana Standard, a substantial review in Press and Sun-Bulletin, and (again) Booklist (whose reviewer seems to have read and reviewed most of Francis' novels!)). I also find a search result in Genreflecting: A Guide to Popular Reading Interests, 8th Edition (2019), but I can only see the index page on the Google Books preview, not the page she appears on. I would say that this meets WP:NAUTHOR "The person has created or played a major role in co-creating a significant or well-known work or collective body of work. In addition, such work must have been the primary subject of ... multiple independent periodical articles or reviews." RebeccaGreen (talk) 13:07, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * PS: I removed all the references to her own works, so it's now much easier to see which are reviews. RebeccaGreen (talk) 13:09, 25 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Keep. I added five more (unfortunately offline) published reviews. I think there's enough here for WP:AUTHOR. —David Eppstein (talk) 17:56, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep Per the above, I think there's enough here in the way of reviews to meet WP:AUTHOR. XOR'easter (talk) 18:13, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep Thank you David Eppstein for adding additional sources. The ones in this article look better to me than the ones in her biography on encyclopedia.com, however that includes visions2004. it appears she also is involved in literature criticism for her academic work, a chapter in Sci-Fi, imperialism and the third world. . Fred (talk) 21:03, 25 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Comment Changing Weak Keep to Keep based on the additional reviews added by David Eppstein. (I also found the academic articles she has written, but they do not appear to be cited much, so I didn't think it worth including them.) RebeccaGreen (talk) 02:56, 26 September 2019 (UTC)


text:
User:White Arabian Filly/SSHBEA World Championship

The SSHBEA World Championship is the fall show for horses registered by the Spotted Saddle Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association.

History
The show began in 1984 and by 2006 had grown to include 1,100 entries and 140 classes.

Classes
There are over 140 classes in the World Championship, which lasts 7 days. Horses are expected to show at a show walk, ambling gait and canter. The final class is the World Grand Championship.


text:
以儆效尤

Idiom

 * 1) (to make a public demonstration of punishing a wrongdoer) in order to deter innocents who might mimic the example of the wrongdoer

title: 以儆效尤


text:
Mian Chin

Mian Chin is a Chinese atmospheric chemist. She is a physical scientist in the atmospheric chemistry and dynamics laboratory in the earth science division at Goddard Space Flight Center. Her research includes aerosol-cloud-chemistry-climate interactions. She received the NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal in 2005.

Early life and education
Chin was born in Shanghai, China. Beginning at the age of nine, Chin attended the Children's Music School at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music for three years to study piano. When she was thirteen, her education abruptly stopped due to the Cultural Revolution. After a little more than two years idling at school with chaos everywhere in China, Chin was sent to a farm in the very north of China near Siberia, three days away from Shanghai by train, as part of Mao Zedong's educated youth program. Many other children her age were sent there as well. More than forty children lived in one room. They each had a “living” space of two feet. She worked on that farm for nine years, until Chairman Mao's death, which ended the Cultural Revolution.

For nine years, a Chin and group of other children quietly studied math, physics and chemistry. Her parents and friend's mother in Shanghai sent them textbooks and they taught themselves. At the farm, they had no phones. Electricity had to be turned off no later than 9 p.m., so they studied in the evenings with candlelight. In 1977, the National College Entrance Examination that were stopped during the Cultural Revolution, resumed. Chin had to take two college entrance exams, a preliminary and a final. Because of her studies at night, she passed the preliminary exam. After the preliminary test results came back, Chin was given two hours to choose a college and a major from the hand-written list posted on the walls inside a classroom in a local elementary school. She chose one college that was near her home in Shanghai as well as others in different places.

Chin received a B.S. degree in chemistry from East China Normal University in 1982, a M.A. degree in chemistry from Ball State University in 1986, and a Ph.D. degree in Atmospheric Sciences from Georgia Tech in 1992. During her graduate study in Georgia Tech, Chin was involved in field experiments measuring atmospheric constituents, laboratory study determining atmospheric photochemical reaction rates and product yields, and one-dimensional photochemical model estimating stratospheric sulfur budget. Her dissertation was titled An atmospheric study of carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide and their relationship to stratospheric background sulfur aerosol. Chin's doctoral advisors were Paul Wine and Douglas Davis.

Between 1992 and 1995, Chin was a postdoctoral fellow in the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences where she worked with 3-dimensional regional and global atmospheric chemistry and transport models for studying tropospheric ozone, aerosols, and trace gases.

Career
Chin was a research scientist at Universities Space Research Association from 1995 to 1997 and a research scientist and senior research scientist at Georgia Institute of Technology from 1997 to 2003 before she joined the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in 2003, concentrating on atmospheric model development and satellite data analysis. Chin is a physical scientist in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, Earth Science Division, at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).

Research
Chin has served as principal investigator for many research projects since 1997 that involve global and regional modeling of tropospheric aerosols and chemistry. She and her coworkers have developed the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model, which has been used to simulate tropospheric aerosols and related gas species, CO, and radionuclides for climate, air quality, and global change studies, with a special focus on analysis of satellite and sub-orbital observations.

Chin's research at GSFC includes aerosol-cloud-chemistry-climate interactions, regional and global air quality, transport of aerosols and trace gases, aerosol impacts on global energy balance, and modeling and analysis of data from satellite, ground-based, and airborne observations.

Awards and honors
In 1997, Chin received the Editor's Citation for excellence in refereeing from the Journal of Geophysical Research. In 2005, she was awarded the exceptional achievement award and NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal from GSFC. In 2021, Chin was elected a fellow of the American Geophysical Union.

title: Mian Chin


text:
komo

Etymology
, from, from , from Classical.

Adverb

 * 1) as

Noun

 * 1) comma punctuation

Noun

 * 1) misshapen calabash
 * 2) A large lute, generally played for hunters.

Noun

 * 1) entrance, entry
 * 2) ring, thimble, tenon

Verb

 * 1)  to enter, go into, penetrate
 * 2)  to include
 * 3)  to join, enlist in (an organization, class)
 * 4)  to sink (a boat)
 * 5)  to entertain, feel (an emotion)
 * 6)  to put on, dress, wear (as clothes)

Etymology
From, from , , , from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  comma; ,

Noun

 * 1) water

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) how

Etymology
From and.

Adverb

 * 1) as
 * 2) since
 * 3) because
 * 4) like

title: komo


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Leftover Soup

The result was   delete. None of the keep rationales - that webcomics/art forms have a lower threshold of notability than other objects - is just wrong. As various people have noted, the GNG applies here, and is not met. ItsZippy (talk • contributions) 12:31, 20 July 2012 (UTC)

Leftover Soup

 * – ( View AfD View log  •  Stats )

No indication of notability, and I cannot find significant coverage in independent sources. Contested prod. ... disco spinster   talk  17:42, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Webcomics-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 18:52, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Delete. I can find some coverage in independent sources, but just blogs and the like - nothing that would vaguely resemble a reliable source. Robofish (talk) 22:05, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * "This article is within the scope of WikiProject Comics, a collaborative effort to build an encyclopedic guide to comics on Wikipedia." This is a web-comic. It does not require the same amount of source debate that is used to consider a generic article. There is no reason for this article to be removed. Do not delete it. 06:49, 15 July 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
 * The fact that the article is under the purview of a WikiProject is utterly irrelevant to notability. And, as there is no WP:NWEBCOMICS, it must meet the WP:GNG; your statment that it "does not require the same amount of...debate...[as] a generic article" is patently false. - The Bushranger One ping only 23:56, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Keep. Comics, whether print or web-based, are a form of art. They are not science and facts that must have research and proof. Art is self-contained and intellectual property. Certain leeways are granted for certain projects, such as this one. This project is here because there are thousands of comics printed by small-press publishers, and just because they are not printed by the New York Times does not mean that they do not deserve to be known. Wiki is trying to list them so they can become more known, eventually perhaps even gaining notariaty. By all means go ahead and put up a flag that articles like this need to be expanded, but do not remove the articles just because you don't read the comics in question. Removing comic project articles due to low notability would render the entire project barren. Tremas Koschei (talk) 04:10, 17 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete. No coverage in reliable sources means this definitely misses WP:GNG. Contrary to the above assertion that "there are thousands of comics printed by small-press publishers ... Wiki is trying to list them so they can become more known", in fact Wikipedia is not a soapbox or means of promotion. See WP:NOTADVERTISING. Rangoondispenser (talk) 13:54, 18 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete - I can find no reliable sources to show any sort of notability. It utterly fails the GNG, and it is ridiculous to try to assert that articles on certain subjects are somehow exempt from the general notability guidelines.  Rorshacma (talk) 17:20, 19 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Yaaram

#Yaaram is a 2019 Indian romantic comedy film directed by Ovais Khan and produced by Vijay Mulchandani, Deepak Mulchandani and Karan Mulchandani. The film, features Prateik Babbar, Siddhanth Kapoor and Ishita Raj Sharma. The story of the film follows inter-religious relationships. Principal photography commenced in July 2018 in Mauritius. It was released on 18 October 2019.

Cast

 * Prateik Babbar as Rohit Bajaj
 * Siddhanth Kapoor as Sahil Qureshi
 * Ishita Raj Sharma as Zoya Qureshi
 * Dalip Tahil as Sangarsh Bajaj
 * Anita Raj as Vijeyta Bajaj
 * Adnan Azim as Mohit
 * Subha Rajput as Mira
 * Nataša Stanković (Special appearance in song "Baby Mera")

Soundtrack
This soundtrack of the film is composed by Jeet Gannguli, Rochak Kohli, Sohail Sen and Nayeem-Shabir with lyrics written by Kumaar and Dheeraj Kumar.

title: Yaaram


text:
Talk:Roy Romanow

Untitled
Whats up with the person denying that the books of the Government of Saskatchewan were balanced, in part, through privatization of assets such as ownership positions in Cameco, SaskOil (Wascana Energy), and others?

I guess I really should add expropriation as well. Remember what happened to the shareholders of the Federated Co-Op upgrader? ---

Postnominal DU?
Does anyone know what the Postnominal DU means? I was going to give it a more specific link (it currently goes to a disambiguation page) but I don't know where to send it.--RAult (talk) 06:24, 31 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I would guess that it is for Doctor of the University, a kind of honourary degree. --JGGardiner (talk) 08:24, 1 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Yep, that's it. A quick google search show's that he's got one of those from Ottawa U.  --JGGardiner (talk) 08:26, 1 February 2008 (UTC)
 * The style manual states we shouldn't list degrees as post nomial letters Reggie Perrin (talk) 11:38, 1 February 2008 (UTC)
 * That's true. I guess I was answering the question without thinking about the article.  Though we can include in other parts of the article but I personally don't like that.  --JGGardiner (talk) 18:56, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Beginning of Term
I'm pretty sure the date of Oct 21 is an error as that was election day. The Saskatchewan archive's page on the Saskatchewan Ministries gives the date as November 1 which is presumably the correct one. So I took the liberty to correct this error. Shipguy (talk) 03:10, 20 August 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Roy Romanow. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070927014337/http://www.fcpp.org/main/publication_detail.php?PubID=585 to http://www.fcpp.org/main/publication_detail.php?PubID=585

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 14:23, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

"House of Romanov" category
Any sources justifying this article's inclusion in the category? "Romanov" isn't exactly a rare surname and there are plenty of Romanovs who have no relation to the Russian imperial dynasty. This relation is especially unlikely in Roy Romanow's case, considering that his first language was Ukrainian and that his parents immigrated from a part of Ukraine which was never even part of the Russian Empire. VonPeterhof (talk) 17:13, 16 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Removing the article from the category for now. VonPeterhof (talk) 14:22, 24 November 2015 (UTC)

Bananas
Hai! — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:20, 1 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Roy Romanow


text:
Die Transvaler

Die Transvaler was a South African newspaper founded in 1937 with the aim of promoting Afrikaner nationalism and supporting the Transvaal branch of the National Party. Hendrik Verwoerd was its first editor.

History
On 1 October 1937, Nasionale Pers set up the company Voortrekkerpers in the Transvaal to support the National Party in Transvaal by publishing Die Transvaler. Initially the Cape National Party tried to control the extremism of the National Party in the Transvaal by appointing Hendrik Verwoerd as the papers first editor but he would side with Transvaal branch and Nationale Pers gave up editorial control in 1939.

Editors
Source:

During World War II, Die Transvaler had triumphantly headlined every Nazi victory and constantly attacked "British Jewish liberalism." In 1943, Verwoerd sued the English-language newspaper The Star for libel after it accused him of being a Nazi propagandist. In his judgment dismissing the case, Justice Mallin stated that Verwoerd "did support Nazi propaganda; he did make his newspaper a tool of the Nazis in South Africa, and he knew it."
 * H.F. Verwoerd (1937-1948)
 * J.J. Kruger (1948-1960)
 * G.D. Sholtz (1960-1968)
 * C.F. Nöffke (1969-1973)
 * Willem Johannes de Klerk (1973-1987)

title: Die Transvaler


text:
Flipped (TV series)

Flipped is an American comedy television series written by Steve Mallory and Damon Jones that debuted on Quibi on April 6, 2020. Flipped is a feature film broken into multiple chapters under 10 minutes in length, the first three of which premiered upon Quibi's launch.

Premise
Two self-proclaimed home renovation experts, intent on basic cable fame, are kidnapped by drug cartel members and forced to renovate their homes. Olson says the series is inspired by Chip and Joanna Gaines.

Cast

 * Will Forte as Jann Melfi, Cricket's husband and a self-proclaimed artist who views himself as an intellectual, even if his on-camera commentaries don't always make sense.
 * Kaitlin Olson as Cricket Melfi, Jann's wife and a woman who wants things done the right way or not at all.
 * Arturo Castro as Diego, a Mexican sicario and gangster who works for Rumualdo Vasco, a powerful Mexican drug lord and cartel leader.
 * Eva Longoria as Fidelia, Rumualdo's hot wife.
 * Andy García as Rumualdo Vasco, a powerful Mexican drug lord, cartel leader and Diego's boss.
 * Jerry O'Connell as Chazz Connelly, a co-host of "Pros and Connellys" and Tiffany's husband.
 * Rebecca Romijn as Tiffany Connelly, a co-host of "Pros and Connellys" and Chazz's wife.

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the series has a 71% rating with an average score of 7.25 out of 10 based on 24 reviews. The site's critical consensus read: "Flipped's formatting doesn't do it many favors, but Kaitlin Olson and Will Forte dig into their characters with such skill and delight that it's hard not to have a good time anyway."

title: Flipped (TV series)


text:
User:Joseph Simenda Maopu/sandbox

Joseph Simenda Maopu is the Investments Coordinator for Luapula Province. He was the National Coordinator of the first ever Provincial Investments Expo held in 2017 and graced by the Republican President of Zambia Dr. Edgar Chagwa Lungu.

Biography
Joseph Simenda Maopu is the Investments Coordinator for Luapula Province. He was the National Coordinator of the first ever Provincial Investments Expo held in 2017 and graced by the Republican President of Zambia Dr. Edgar Chagwa Lungu. Through his contribution and support from GED AFRICA LTD, Luapula Province built its first Community Museum in Mwansabombwe to help preserve the rich political, socio-economic, religious and traditional history of Luapula. The Museum was officially opened by President Edgar Chagwa Lungu.

Early life
Prior to his appointment as Investments Coordinator for the successful Luapula Expo, he served as District Administrative Officer for Kawambwa District and as Principal Chiefs Affairs Officer at the Ministry of Chiefs and Traditional Affairs Headquarters in Lusaka from 2012 to 2016. During his tenure at the Ministry he was National Focal Point Person of the 3years National Programme dubbed 'Female Chiefs as Advocates of Peace and Stability,' supported by the USAID. He also collabotated on Programmes with UNDP, UNAIDS such as Heforshe Campaign and Ending Child Marriage in Zambia.

From 2010-2012, he served as Provincial Cultural Affairs Officer for Western Province organising the first ever Provincial Arts Festival for Western Province, an idea which was replicated in other parts of Zambia.

He is passionate about history, culture, art and remains thrilled by the power of youth.

title: User:Joseph Simenda Maopu/sandbox


text:
User:Fasten/ReplyN

Reply

The red frame means "no reply required".

Usage:

See also: User:Fasten/ReplyPolicy, User:Fasten/Reply

title: User:Fasten/ReplyN


text:
Ain Tammus

Ain Tammus (born 15 July 1969) is an Estonian goalkeeping coach and a former professional footballer. He is currently a goalkeeping coach at Levadia Tallinn.

International career
Tammus has represented the Estonia national football team 3 times. He made his international debut on 11 July 1997 against Latvia.

title: Ain Tammus


text:
Phostria obliqualis

Phostria obliqualis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Schaus in 1912. It is found in Costa Rica.

title: Phostria obliqualis


text:
Infrastructure damage during the Russo-Georgian War

Some Infrastructure damage during the Russo-Georgian War took place.

Background
According to Human Rights Watch (HRW):

HRW reported that South Ossetian fighters took up positions in civilian objects (including schools), making them permissible military aims. Several of these objects were then targeted by Georgian artillery.

Tskhinvali
On 12 August 2008, local authorities claimed that about 70 percent of Tskhinvali's buildings (public and private) had been damaged during the Georgian military operation. According to later Russian statement, about 20 percent of Tskhinvali's buildings had been damaged and 10 percent were "beyond repair". In late August, South Ossetian parliament deputy speaker Tarzan Kokoity claimed that according to a preliminary assessment, Georgian damage in South Ossetia was valued at 100 billion Russian rubles.

The Georgian government reported that Tskhinvali "was largely reduced to rubble" as a result of Russian air attacks. "When aircraft started bombing our positions in Tskhinvali, this is when most civilian buildings were burned", explained Davit Kezerashvili. Russian journalist Yulia Latynina also blamed Russia for damaging the city, saying that when Georgian forces entered Tskhinvali it was intact. After they were driven out by the Russians, the city was in ruins.

Russia bombings
Russia bombed airfields and other economic infrastructure. The Black Sea port of Poti was also bombed, where eight to eleven Russian warplanes reportedly attacked container tanks and a shipbuilding plant. On 15 August 2008, Russian forces advancing towards Tbilisi blew up the railway bridge near Kaspi, about 50 km from the Georgian capital. The cement factory and civilian area in Kaspi were also damaged by Russian bombing. The destruction of the railway bridge sabotaged the east-west link of Georgia and Armenia's main trade route.

Nikolay Bordyuzha, Secretary-General of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, stated that Armenia lost $500 million due to problems with the communications during the war.

United Nations Institute for Training and Research
The United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) released a series of detailed satellite maps of the regions affected by the war, obtained on 19 August from UNOSAT. Damage was assessed primarily from satellite images with a resolution of 50 cm. Since it was an initial assessment, it was not independently validated on the ground. UNOSAT reported that 230 buildings in Tskhinvali (5.5 percent of the total) were destroyed or severely damaged. In the villages north of the city, up to 51.9 percent of buildings were damaged. UNOSAT provided imagery of six Georgian naval vessels partially or completely submerged in Poti; no other damage to physical infrastructure or ship-related oil spills were revealed.

Human Rights Watch used the UNOSAT satellite images to prove the rampant arson of ethnic-Georgian villages by Ossetian militia in South Ossetia. Amnesty International noted that the Russo-Georgian battle in Tskhinvali during the war had possibly resulted in the destruction of the most of the city by the end of large-scale conflict by 10 August; however, after the war Georgian villages near Tskhinvali were damaged.


text:
User:Edu fabio 1/sandbox

video tube-comedy tv" is all about comedy and entertainment ."owner" edu fabio . channel established on 27th may 2020. many video have been published to make people laugh ."here is the channel link."http://www.youtube.com/c/comedytvlive

title: User:Edu fabio 1/sandbox


text:
Tribology

Tribology is the science of friction and wear. It is a sub-class of mechanical engineering, and is especially important for machine designing. There has been studies that indicate the influence of friction and wear in design. About 80% of all machine failures are associated with friction and wear.

Tribology usually looks that the reduction of friction and wear. It covers modes of surface failures (e.g. wear, pitting, galling). It talks about material selection, coatings, lubrications, and processes to increase efficiency.

Here is a "Cliff note" what I can remember from my college studies on this subject:

- increasing contact surface area (e.g. line contact of roller bearings instead of point contact of ball bearings) to reduce pitting

- hardening a surface will reduce its wear rate

- reducing friction will reduce wear

- softer materials flow better than harder ones, thus reducing friction

- a great combination of hard and soft would be to coat a hardened material with a softer one. For example, anodizing can put a hard thin shell onto an aluminum part. Dipping it into Teflon afterwards can embed Teflon molecules into the honeycomb matrix of the anodized surface. This leaves a soft Teflon surface (low friction) on a hard material (anodized shell).

- journal bearings only work when the shaft is spinning at a high enough speed to float it in the oil. This is why it is better to leave an engine idling for a few minutes than to stop and restart it. During startup, the shaft grinds against the inside of the journal bearing and create wear.

- some situations require making a profile to keep a part floating a moving fluid (e.g. the read/write head inside a hard drive floating on a very-thin stream of air above the spinning disc). It turns out that a step profile is actually better than a slanted or an airplane-wing one.

- on a macroscopic level, surface area has no significant effect on friction. Only the force pushing 2 surfaces together and their materials (listed as their coefficient of friction against each other) matter. For instance, a 100 lbs block of steel will slide with the same difficulty no matter how you change its surface area in contact with the ground. This is because decreasing the surface area decreases the area that covalent bonding between the block and the ground (decreases friction), but it increases the force-per-area that supports the weight (increases friction), and the two friction methods cancel each other out. This assumes that you don't decrease it so much that the block digs into the ground. This gets more into a mechanical method for stopping the movement instead of surface friction.

- decreasing surface roughness usually reduces "friction" and wear by decreasing the mechanical method for stopping the movement

- however, decreasing surface roughness also increases the contact surface area such that two too-smooth surfaces will experience molecular "sticktion" and can cause them to bind. Hard drive discs are very smooth. On the surface, there is a thin area near their center that have pits to reduce the smoothness. This allows the read/write head to dock there when the disc is not spinning.

title: Tribology


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lda city

The result was   keep. Missvain (talk) 05:35, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

Lda city

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

It doesn't even exist yet, "Coming Soon". Too soon imo. ηoian  ‡orever ηew ‡rontiers  08:37, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Keep – Projects this big take years to plan and are notable long before construction starts. Here is an article from Business Recorder. And here are two more, about vehement protests from the farmers being displaced: . All RS, probably enough to expand the article. – Margin1522 (talk) 21:44, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Pakistan-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 18:57, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Architecture-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 18:57, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Keep – Meets WP:GNG. Source examples include:, , , , . Short articles include , . Note that I have performed a page move to Lda City, to correct capitalization in the article's title. N ORTH A MERICA 1000 00:06, 16 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Touched by Jesus

Touched by Jesus is the third studio album by All About Eve. It was the first album to feature Church guitarist Marty Willson-Piper on guitars. Despite this, the album fell short of the commercial achievements of both the first album and Scarlet and Other Stories, reaching No. 17 in the UK charts. Of the three singles released only "Farewell Mr Sorrow" charted, reaching No. 36.

Track listing
All music written by Cousin, Price, Regan, and Willson-Piper, except "Are You Lonely" written by Cousin, Livesey, Price, Regan, and Willson-Piper. All lyrics written by Julianne Regan except "Hide Child" written by Marty Willson-Piper.

Bold type indicates a single release (with chart position).
 * 1) "Strange Way" (51)
 * 2) "Farewell Mr. Sorrow" (36)
 * 3) "Wishing the Hours Away"
 * 4) "Touched by Jesus"
 * 5) "The Dreamer" (41)
 * 6) "Share It With Me"
 * 7) "Rhythm of Life"
 * 8) "The Mystery We Are"
 * 9) "Hide Child"
 * 10) "Ravens"
 * 11) "Are You Lonely"

Personnel

 * Andy Cousin - bass
 * Mark Price - percussion, drums
 * Julianne Regan - voice
 * Marty Willson-Piper - electric and acoustic guitars, mandolin
 * Warne Livesey - keyboards, production, string arrangements
 * David Gilmour - additional guitar on "Wishing the Hours Away" and "Are You Lonely"
 * Gavyn Wright - violin on "Ravens"
 * The Astarti String Orchestra led by Gavin Wright

title: Touched by Jesus


text:
Jonker Walk

The Jonker Walk (Persiaran Jonker, ) is the Chinatown area in Malacca City in the state of Malacca, Malaysia located along Jonker Street (Jalan Hang Jebat). It starts from across Malacca River near the Stadthuys, with the street in the area filled with historical houses along its left and right sides dating back to 17th century, many of which are shops selling antiques, textiles, foods, handicrafts and souvenirs such as keychains and shirts. The area turns into a night market every Friday, Saturday and Sunday in the evening from 6 p.m. until 12 midnight, with its street blocked for traffic.

Tourist attractions
Attractions along and around the streets are:
 * Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum
 * Cheng Ho Cultural Museum
 * Cheng Hoon Teng Temple
 * Hang Jebat Mausoleum
 * Hang Kasturi Mausoleum
 * Kampung Hulu Mosque
 * Kampung Kling Mosque
 * Sri Poyatha Moorthi Temple
 * Straits Chinese Jewellery Museum
 * Tamil Methodist Church

title: Jonker Walk