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Hurt (band)

Hurt was an American rock band formed in Virginia in 2000. The band has released four major label albums. The band first released the independent albums Hurt in 2000 and The Consumation in 2003. The band received worldwide acclaim with their major label debut album, Vol. 1, released on March 21, 2006. Their singles "Rapture" and "Falls Apart" garnered significant radio airplay. Their second album was the critically acclaimed Vol. II, released on September 25, 2007, and they gained their largest radio hit yet with the single "Ten Ton Brick".

The band went on to release two more albums, Goodbye to the Machine and The Crux. They then disbanded in 2014 shortly before a release of Self-Entitled, a re-release of their first album which was self-titled. No new material has been released since 2012. Cryptic videos were posted to the band's official Facebook page on December 24 and 27, 2019, suggesting the band would be releasing new material.

Formation and independent releases (2000–2005)
The band originally composed of J. Loren Wince, age 15, as the main singer, songwriter, and guitarist and Wil Quaintance as a drummer. The two sought other band members for years until picking up Steven Fletcher to play bass guitar. The band was named two years later, upon conception of their first album.

This band's self-titled first studio album was written and performed by Wince and Wil Quaintance on drums, with programming credits given to Brian Winshell on the entire album, except "Confession" by Jonathan Minis. It was released in 2000 and approximately 1,200 copies were created. The band's second independently released album, The Consumation was also written and performed by Wince, with Quaintance on drums, Shawn Sawyer on bass and given credits on the song "Unclean", with Brian Winshell on Engineering for "House of Cards" and "Velvet Rolls Royce". This album was released in 2003 in Wince's home state of Virginia, with approximately 2000 sold, and around 3000 promos and full albums distributed for free.

The band (with the original line-up) was discovered by Tom Lewis, an ex-Universal Records A&R man, somewhere around 2005. The show was at The Continental in New York, where a friend of Lewis, Jay Silverman, passed the band's CD on to him. After the initial contact with Wince, it was another 8 months until they heard from Lewis again. The band met up with Lewis and his company (Metropolitan Hybrid). The band went to record its demo to help find a record label. After undisclosed issues with the current drummer for the band, session drummer Evan Johns was asked if he could be a part of the recording, which Wince agreed to.

In the process of trying to find a major label, the bass player at the time decided it would be best if he quit the band, at which time they began to seek out his replacement, former Streetlight Manifesto bassist Josh Ansley.

When asked about how he became part of the band, Paul Spatola has been quoted in saying that he received a phone call from Josh Ansley, saying he should fly to New York and try out for the band, as they were looking for guitarists. Spatola states, "A month later I didn't hear anything and I said 'I just gotta fly out there.'" His first performance with the band was at a night club called 'The Mint,' at which time, Spatola intended on being with the band for a few days but ended up staying for two weeks. The first day he tried out for the band, and with a little help from Tom Lewis, Wince was convinced to bring Spatola into the band as the guitarist.

The next day, the band played a showcase in New York City, at which time they had spoken with several record companies including Columbia, Interscope, Island, Universal, Virgin and Atlantic, but nothing came of these conversations.

Initially, Capitol Records had purchased the album, Vol. 1, from the band at cost which was approximately 100k. No other apparent changes other than signing the recordings rights to them took place.

Vol. 1 and Vol. II (2006–2008)
The band's first work under a major record label would be two albums entitled Vol. 1 and Vol. II. They were both recorded and produced with Eric Greedy. The initial plan was to have the albums be released as a double album, but Capitol rejected the idea as "too much of an investment at once". Instead, the band used the extra time to re-record and improve upon Vol. II. Vol. 1 was released on March 21, 2006. Three singles were released to radio – "Rapture", "Falls Apart", and "Danse Russe". Vol. II was later released on September 25, 2007, along with two more singles, "Ten Ton Brick" and "Loded". After their having major record label exposure, the band opted to re-release The Consumation as The Re-Consumation on February 19, 2008, in response to fans spending hundreds of dollars to buy their now-rare original independent releases. The re-released contained one new song, and two other altered songs. Shortly afterwards, in April, Ansley announced his departure from the band, to pursue a career in writing and directing.

On May 12, 2009, Hurt received an award for the song "Ten Ton Brick" during SESAC's 13th annual New York Music Awards.

Goodbye to the Machine (2009–2010)
Vol. 1 and Vol. II did not prove to be commercial successes, and as a result, the band was dropped from Capitol Records. Their next album, Goodbye to the Machine, would be an allusion to the band's negativity towards major record labels. The album was released on April 7, 2009, on the much smaller label Amusement Records. Prior to the album's release, the single "Wars" was released to radio on February 3, 2009. The album has peaked at No.100 on the Billboard 200.

The Crux (2010–2014)
The band began working on new material in early 2010. On February 5 the new song "Numbers" made its debut radio play on 94.1 WJJO in Madison, WI. It was released on iTunes on March 9, 2010, with artwork by Spatola. On March 21, the band announced that all tracking had been completed. In August, the band announced they had signed to Carved Records, and aimed to release a new album in early 2012. It was also announced that Spatola had departed the band due to personal issues. On September 27, 2011, on Hurt's Facebook page, the band said that the new album would be a return to both the Vol. albums, in sound and style. The first single, "How We End Up Alone", was released through iTunes on January 3, 2012 and peaked at Number 10 on the Billboard 20. The Crux was released on May 1, 2012, and peaked at Number 75 on Billboard 200. This was the highest Billboard placement in the band's history, and the last time the world would see new material from the Band.

On April 8, 2014 Amusement Management announced their intentions to release a remastered version of the often spoke of the band's self-titled album, stating "It will be remastered and come with a handwritten replication of the lyrics by J. It will most likely not be available digitally". The announcement was made on the band's official Facebook page. The album was released in a limited quantity of only 2000, each individual numbered and signed by J Loren Wince. The album included two bonus tracks; one previously unreleased, "Cellophane", and another, the original version of "Talking to God".

Members

 * Former members
 * J. Loren Wince –  lead vocals, guitar, violin (2000–2014)
 * Victor Ribas – drums, percussion, piano, backing vocals (2010–2014)
 * Wil Quaintance –  drums  (2000–2004)
 * Stephen Fletcher – bass  (2000)
 * Shawn Sawyer – bass (2000–2004)
 * Paul Spatola –  lead guitar, piano, backing vocals  (2004–2011)
 * Joshua Ansley –  bass, backing vocals  (2004–2008)
 * Evan Johns –  drums  (2004–2008)
 * Louie Sciancalepore –  drums (2008–2010)
 * Rek Mohr –  bass  (2008–2013)
 * Michael Roberts – guitar, backing vocals (2009–2012)

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Hurt (2000)
 * The Consumation (2003)
 * Vol. 1 (2006)
 * Vol. II (2007)
 * Goodbye to the Machine (2009)
 * The Crux (2012)

title: Hurt (band)


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Aleksandr Khant

Aleksandr Khant (born 3 December 1985) is a Russian film director. After graduating from VGIK in 2015, he released his debut film How Vitka Chesnok Drove Lyokha Shtyr to the House for Disabled in 2017. The film went on to win prizes at film festivals in Karlovy Vary and Vyborg.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Aleksandr Khant


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Talk:Exothermic reaction

Please do not merge these separate 6 pages
The merge debate goes back to '05 (see: Talk:Endergonic). The result of the debate was to not merge. Moreover, it is standard protocol, e.g. according to both The Essential Dictionary of Science (Clark 2004) and the A to Z Dictionary of Thermodynamics (Perrot 1998), to have separate entries for such closely-related but subtly-different topics such as:

 * Exothermic – a process or reaction that involves the release of energy; usually in the form of heat.
 * Exothermic reaction – a chemical reaction in which heat is give out.

As well as for the other terms: endothermic, endothermic reaction, etc. For example, the melting of an ice-cube is an endothermic process; combustion evolves an exothermic reaction, warm-blooded animals are endothermic, arguing with other Wikipedians is an endergonic activity, etc. Help us expand on these separate stubs, but please don't merge. Wikipedia has unlimited storage space. Articles are sure to grow. Thanks:--Sadi Carnot 17:30, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * We should distinguish them more in the title like so: Exothermic (physics) and Exothermic reaction (chemistry) --AndreasBWagner (talk) 22:35, 20 June 2009 (UTC)

Doesn't make sense
"The total energy in bond breaking is less than the total energy released in bond making." The opening line of this article doesn't make any sense! Reddyuday (talk) 12:19, 31 December 2007 (UTC)

It makes sense in itself, it's just completely out of context and repeated in a better place lower down. I've removed it. Rojomoke (talk) 15:32, 26 February 2008 (UTC)

Exothermic reactions in decomposition of plant matter
Couldn't locate any info on this page nor the decomposition page (the latter is rather heavily focused on forensics). Would be happy if an expert could kindly put something in. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:52, 12 November 2008 (UTC)

No references
I know this is pretty basic stuff, but it is still sketchy that there isn't a single reference on this page... — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:53, 24 February 2011 (UTC)

Release of light and sound
A literal translation would suggest this is only about heat, but what about light and sound? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:52, 5 March 2011 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 22 April 2022
2CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O is wrong, there should be only one methan; CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:11, 22 April 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ in this edit. Kpddg  (talk)  16:05, 23 April 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 2 October 2023
The change in enthalpy should not be −483.6 kJ/mol for 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (g). It should be changed to -571.66 kJ/mol. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bancho07 (talk • contribs) 14:49, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. M.Bitton (talk) 14:53, 2 October 2023 (UTC)
 * The change in enthalpy depends only on the Standard enthaly of formation of water, because hydrogen and oxygen gases are elemental substances( their Standard enthaly of formation is 0). So using Hess's law to calculate the change in enthalpy we get -571.66 kJ/mol ,not −483.6 kJ/mol! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bancho07 (talk • contribs) 17:43, 4 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. We need sources for these things, calculations made by editors cannot be accepted as they are considered original research. —TechnoSquirrel69 (sigh) 00:19, 6 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Exothermic reaction


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Talk:Portuguese/Contents/Regular verbs

Untitled
Removed preferir from the list of regular verbs. It's derived from ferir and, like it, is irregular. Eu prefiro, que eu prefira, que tu prefiras, etc.

--Wtrmute 18:05, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Portuguese/Contents/Regular verbs


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девяносто три

Numeral

 * 1) ninety-three (93)

Usage notes

 * девяно́сто три́ in the nominative and accusative case governs the genitive singular of the noun, although modifying adjectives are in the genitive plural (or alternatively and preferably, for feminine nouns, in the nominative plural). Unlike with bare, there is no animate/inanimate distinction.

 * девяно́сто три́ in other cases governs the appropriate plural case of the noun, with adjectives agreeing appropriately.

title: девяносто три


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Cryptography/Random number generation

The generation of random numbers is essential to cryptography. One of the most difficult aspect of cryptographic algorithms is in depending on or generating, true random information. This is problematic, since there is no known way to produce true random data, and most especially no way to do so on a finite state machine such as a computer.

There are generally two kinds of random number generators: non-deterministic random number generators, sometimes called "true random number generators" (TRNG), and deterministic random number generators, also called pseudorandom number generators (PRNG).

Many high-quality cryptosystems use both -- a hardware random-number generator to periodically re-seed a deterministic random number generator.

Quantum mechanical theory suggests that some physical processes are inherently random (though collecting and using such data presents problems), but deterministic mechanisms, such as computers, cannot be. Any stochastic process (generation of random numbers) simulated on a computer, however, is not truly random, but only pseudorandom.

Within the limitations of pseudorandom generators, any quality pseudorandom number generator must:

 * have a uniform distribution of values, in all dimensions
 * have no detectable pattern, ie generate numbers with no correlations between successive numbers
 * have a very long cycle length
 * have no, or easily avoidable, weak initial conditions which produce patterns or short cycles

Methods of Pseudorandom Number Generation
Keeping in mind that we are dealing with pseudorandom number generation (i.e. numbers generated from a finite state machine, as a computer), there are various ways to randomly generate numbers.

In C and C++ the function rand returns a pseudo-random integer between zero and RAND_MAX (internally defined constant), defined with the srand function; otherwise it will use the default seed and consistently return the same numbers when the program is restarted. Most such libraries have short cycle lengths and are not usable for cryptographic purposes.

"Numerical Recipes in C" reviews several random number generators and recommends a modified version of the DES cypher as their highest quality recommended random number generator. "Practical Cryptography" (Ferguson and Schneier) recommend a design they have named Fortuna; it supersedes their earlier design called Yarrow.

Methods of nondeterministic number generation
As of 2004, the best random number generators have 3 parts: an unpredictable nondeterministic mechanism, entropy assessment, and conditioner. The nondeterministic mechanism (also called the entropy source) generates blocks of raw biased bits. The entropy assessment part produces a conservative estimate of the min-entropy of some block of raw biased bits. The conditioner (also called a whitener, an unbiasing algorithm, or a randomness extractor) distills the block of raw bits into a much smaller block of conditioned output bits -- an output block of bits half the size of the estimated entropy (in bits) of the raw biased bits -- eliminating any systematic bias. If the estimate is good, the conditioned output bits are unbiased full-entropy bits even if the nondeterministic mechanism degrades over time. In practice, the entropy assessment is the difficult part.

title: Cryptography/Random number generation


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Veijo Kaakinen

Veijo Kaakinen (10 December 1907 – 19 November 1976) was a Finnish sports shooter. He competed in the 50 m rifle event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

title: Veijo Kaakinen


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The Design and Organization of Data Centers/Planning

Design requirements
Initial equipment list

Initial schedule

Expected growth

Growth schedule

Budget

Level of flexibility

Impressing visitors

Designing for growth and flexibility

 * Infrastructure is a time limiting factor
 * Lay out possible growth paths
 * Compatibility with near term requirements


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Category:Argentine people of South American descent

This category page lists articles of citizens of Argentina who have South American (other than the Argentine) ancestry or national origin.


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User:Rachelesanders/sandbox

The Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs is a porphyry sculpture group of four Roman emperors dating from around 300 AD. The sculptural group has been fixed to a corner of the façade of St Mark's Basilica in Venice, Italy since the Middle Ages. It probably originally formed part of the decorations of the Philadelphion in Constantinople, and was removed to Venice in 1204 or soon after.

Subject
The Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs depicts the four rulers in charge of the entire Empire, instituted by Emperor Diocletian. The Caesar he chose was Galerius, and they ruled over the Eastern half of the Empire, while the Western half was ruled by Augustus Maximian and Caesar Constantinius Chlorus, father of Constantine the Great. There is still discussion and disagreement as to the identity of these statues and their placement, but it is reasonable to assume that the Eastern rulers form a pair and the Western rulers form the other pair.

Political Context
The Roman Empire was ruled by a tetrarchy consisting of two Augusti (senior emperors) and two Caesars (junior emperors). The empire was divided into western and eastern territories, with one Augustus and Caesar ruling over each. After Diocletian and his colleague, Maximian, retired in 305, internal strife erupted among the tetrarchs. The system finally ceased to exist around 313, and though this form of government was short-lived, it served to separate military and civic leadership roles and was one of the first examples of balanced power. The tetrarchy gave way to a united Roman Empire in the time of Constantine, as the emperor took control over the east and west halves in 324.

The Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs symbolizes the concept of the tetrarchy, rather than providing four personal portraits. Each tetrarch looks the same, without any individualized characteristics, except that two, probably representing the older Augusti, have beards, and two do not who might have symbolized the Caesars. The group is divided into pairs, each embracing, which unites Augusti and Caesars together. The overall effect suggests unity and stability. The very choice of material, the durable porphyry (which came from Egypt), symbolizes a permanence and rigidity reminiscent of Egyptian statuary, implying the expected eternity, or at least steadfastness, of a great kingdom. Porphyry was rare, hard to obtain, and therefore reserved for imperial use.

Roman Portraiture
Roman leaders favored the sense of civic duty and military ability over beauty in their portraiture. Veristic portraits, including arguably ugly features, was a way of showing confidence and of placing a value on strength and leadership above superficial beauty. This type of portraiture sought to show what mattered to the Romans; powerful character valued above appearances.

Similarly to Greek rulers, Roman leaders borrowed recognizable features from the appearances of their predecessors. For instance, rulers coming after Alexander the Great copied his distinct hairstyle and intense gaze in their own portraits. This was commonly practiced to suggest their likeness to them in character and their legitimacy to rule; in short, these fictitious additions were meant to persuade their subjects that they would be as great and powerful a leader as the previous ruler had been, even if they did not see eye to eye on all issues.

Choosing to proudly display imperfections in portraiture was an early departure from the idealistic tradition handed down from the Greeks. The apparent indifference toward perfection in physical appearance seems to have led to the eventual abandonment of realism altogether, as we see in the Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs.

The rulers in each pair lean close to their fellow ruler, and this pose lends yet more meaning to the sculpture as a whole. The bearded figures on the left of each pair appear to be leaning toward their partners on the right. Their beards and arms on the other ruler's shoulders suggest that they are the senior rulers, the Augusti, imparting wisdom to their respective subordinate Caesars. This clear depiction of ruler interaction shows the clear hierarchy even within the class of ruler and displays a clear sense of order.

Constantinople
The statues probably originally decorated the columns of the porch of the Philadelphion, a public square in Constantinople. Their function would have been similar to many other representations of rulers in other cities. Chiefly, this purpose was to reinforce the strength and power the Tetrarchs held over the Empire, power that could reward the faithful and quash the rebellious. This latter theme seems to be reflected by the fact that all four tetrarchs are armed, wearing military garb, an unmistakable representation of collective power. Having such an image in a prominent public place would have caused these themes to be on the minds of the public as they went about their daily business.

Venice
The Four Tetrarchs were plundered by the Venetians when the city was sacked during the Fourth Crusade in 1204 and brought to St. Mark's Basilica in Venice. In the 1960s, the heel part of the missing foot was discovered by archaeologists in Istanbul close to the Bodrum Mosque. This part is in the Istanbul Archaeology Museum.

A different story is told by The Travels of Marco Polo, the famous Venetian's autobiography put to paper with the help of his co-writer, Rustichello of Pisa, around 1300. This story has to be treated with great caution, the source being far from reliable in modern terms:Messenger, Charles, ed. (1929). [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/10636/10636-8.txt ''The Travels of Marco Polo. The complete Yule-Cordier edition'']. John Murray, London – via Project Gutenberg.

Influences
Mediterranean artistic styles changed with the power shift from Greek and Macedonian leadership to Roman political structure, but some influences and ideals remained, as they were shared by both Greek and Roman culture. A prevalent trend was giving the likenesses of leaders strong appearances in their depictions to hint at the individual’s ability to lead his society to greater heights of power and influence.

Egyptian
Greek leaders had already borrowed heavily from Egyptian pharaohs in materials and their own symbolic representation, and Roman rulers borrowed from them in turn. As previously mentioned, Rome's far-reaching empire granted it astonishing power and influence. In fact, Rome's power enabled the use of materials not found in Rome, as the Empire brought many regions together for trading relationships. This allowed for the first Egyptian influence, the use of deep red porphyry.

A visual Egyptian influence on the Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs is the odd, near-impossible pose the Augusti on the left of each pair assume, reminiscent of poses in Egyptian relief sculpture and painting. One recognizable example is the Palette of King Narmer, which set the expectation for future Egyptian artwork as well as artwork in many classifications to come. This item would have been used frequently by Egyptian scribes, and prominently displays a large likeness of Narmer depicted by a composition of views, with the head, legs, and arms in profile view and the eye and torso clearly in frontal view. As it is impossible for a real human being to pose like this, the general consensus is that Egyptians were not aiming for realism, but rather for symbolism in these early two-dimensional portraits of their rulers. Even centuries later, the Romans found a similar mode of depiction useful for depicting their tetrarchy, as their legs face forward, their torsos twist to a near profile, and the heads swivel to a three-quarter view. Roman imperial portraits owe much more than material choices to Egyptian works. While choosing unyielding, dense stone to show the likenesses of their powerful leaders was certainly significant, Roman rulers also saw the value in the poses Egyptian rulers used as well. Egyptian Pharaohs were depicted in a regal, unyielding seated pose, as in the depiction of Khafre Enthroned. The reason why the sculpture appears idealized and vague is that Egyptian rulers found it important that sculptors represented the god-like status they claimed. This statue was never meant to be a portrait, but rather a visual reference of the qualities of a successful ruler, which suggested their legitimacy and/or deity, power, and benevolence, in that order. One of the most significant reasons for making Egyptian rulers look like sculptures of gods was to emphasize their separation and power over the Egyptian people, as well as the divinity associated with their kingship.

Greek
This Roman contemporary practice borrowed from artistic representations of Greek leaders, most notably the portrayal of Alexander the Great. The Alexander Mosaic in particular displays this subtext-heavy practice in two-dimensional Greek artwork. The Macedonian king was highly admired for his fearless leadership and skill as a battle tactician. Greek artists chose to record this quality in two significant ways; his distinctive hairstyle and penetrating gaze. Alexander’s hair, though not immediately attractive, radiates strength in its implication of action. The perpetual windblown quality of Alexander’s hair suggests a state of constant motion, making the Greek leader seem determined and unstoppable. Additionally, Alexander’s gaze reflects the same sort of determined character. His sharp eyes intimidated the enemy in battle and this same ferocity stirred his subordinates to admire and follow him in his pursuits. Alexander’s unique features emphasize his fearlessness and determination in his rule. Though he died young in a military campaign, Alexander the Great continued to be looked up to by countless rulers to come after him.

Artistic Context
The Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs is a representative example of late Imperial portraiture. This period marked a sharp departure from the veristic depictions of Republican Rome, which was reflected visually through stylistic contrasts. Though this shift may at first seem like a regression, it marked the development of a style where symbolism trumped realism and idealism alike.

Republican Rome
Portraiture in Republican Rome was a way of establishing societal legitimacy and achieving status through one's family and background. Exploits wrought by one's ancestors earned them and their families public approbation, and more; a pompous state funeral paid for by the state. Wax masks would be cast from the family member while they were still living, which made for hyper-realistic visual representations of the individual literally lifted from their face.These masks would be kept in the houses of male descendants in memory of the ancestors once they had passed. These masks served as a sort of family track record, and could get the descendants positions and perks, similar to a child of two alumni attending their alma mater.

Republican Rome embraced imperfection in portraiture because, though there were different levels of power each class of society had, everybody had little insecurities, this type of untouched physical representation fostered a sense of community by implying that while there were existing inequalities, that did not change the fact that they were Romans.

Imperial Rome
This Greek style and leadership expectations carried over into Roman leadership portraiture. One significant example is the Severan Period marble portrait of the emperor Caracalla. Nearly all representations of Caracalla reflect his military prowess through his frighteningly aggressive expression. Caracalla borrowed the precedent Alexander set; the piercing gaze. His arresting confidence exudes from his features to show that he is not a man to be trifled with. The intense sculptural execution of this piece in particular reflects a shift toward more geometric renderings of the human face to better convey messages to the public, often strong implications of power and authority to keep peace in the Roman Empire. Emperors coming after Caracalla saw the respect he commanded of his subordinate governing party as well as the Roman population as a whole. Seeing his success as a ruler, subsequent emperors sought to have portraits similar to Caracalla’s to suggest that they were on the same level as him, both in terms of military tenacity and authoritarian control. This facilitated more and more geometric, less idealized figural representations of leaders to constantly emphasize the ruler’s strength and image.

This geometric style proved to be useful to the Roman Tetrarchs that divided rule of the empire among themselves after the reign of the emperors. The geometric style is not particularly realistic, but the style applied to all four figures sent a message of steadiness and agreements between the four rules, reassuring Roman citizens while simultaneously sending an unmistakable message of power and authority reminiscent of the previous emperors. Presenting variance in the appearance of the tetrarchs may have contributed to viewers favoring one ruler over the others. Instead, the Tetrarchy chose to show themselves as visually synonymous in this particular piece to show their ontological equality and show the unity and strength of the empire through this representation of all four together. Using near-identical geometric forms to represent their likenesses was the easiest way to show their equality and common will. The abstraction of human form made for a clearer understanding of the expectations Roman Tetrarchs had for their subjects and how Roman citizens expected the Tetrarchs to rule.

Formal Analysis
The figures are stout and blocky, far from the verisimilitude or the idealism of earlier Greco-Roman art. The figures are stiff and rigid, the attire being patterned and stylized, as opposed to the hyper-realistic, dimensional folds of fabric in Classical Greek sculpture. The result is a flatter, more geometric human likeness. Their faces are repetitive and they seem to stare in a kind of trance. Additionally, the fact that all four are cut of the same type of stone implies solidarity and oneness even more. Comparing them to the slightly later reliefs on the Arch of Constantine in Rome, Ernst Kitzinger finds the same "stubby proportions, angular movements, an ordering of parts through symmetry and repetition and a rendering of features and drapery folds through incisions rather than modelling". Noting other examples, he continues "The hallmark of the style wherever it appears consists of an emphatic hardness, heaviness and angularity — in short, an almost complete rejection of the classical tradition".

Material
Choosing porphyry as a material was a bold and specific statement for late Imperial Rome. As if it was not enough that porphyry was explicitly for imperial use and for imperial use alone, the stone's rarity served to set the emperors apart from their subjects as their superiors. The comparative vividness of porphyry to other stones underscored the fact that these figures were not regular citizens; rather, they were many levels above, even reaching to the status of gods, worthy of the respect they expected. The choice of porphyry made the emperors unapproachable in terms of power and nature, belonging to another world, the world of the mighty gods, present for a short time on earth.

Porphyry also stood in for the physical purple robes Roman emperors would wear to show their status because of its purple coloring. Similar to porphyry, purple fabric was extremely difficult to make, as what we now call Tyrian purple required the use of rare snail shells to make the dye .The color itself would have caused the public to remember how they were to behave in the presence of the real emperors wearing the real fabric, with respect bordering on worship for their self-proclaimed god-kings.

Aesthetic Context
The question of how to account for what may seem a decline in both style and execution in Late Antique art has generated a vast amount of discussion. Factors introduced into the discussion include: a breakdown of the transmission in artistic skills due to the political and economic disruption of the Crisis of the Third Century, influence from Eastern and other pre-classical regional styles from around the Empire (a view promoted by Josef Strzygowski (1862–1941), and now mostly discounted), the emergence into high-status public art of a simpler "popular" or "Italic" style that had been used by the less wealthy throughout the reign of Greek models, an active ideological turning against what classical styles had come to represent, and a deliberate preference for seeing the world simply and exploiting the expressive possibilities that a simpler style gave. One factor that cannot be responsible, as the date and origin of the Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs show, is the rise of Christianity to official support, as the changes predated that. This shift in artistic style points towards the style of the Middle Ages.

title: User:Rachelesanders/sandbox


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Injuwarampur

Injuwarampur is a village in Kanpur Dehat district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.

It is located in Derapur tehsil and near to Rura town at a distance of 7 kilometres. Post office, primary school and upper primary school are here in government sector.

Transport
Ambiyapur is a nearest railway station of the village at a distance 2 km west-north. It falls on the Agra-Kanpur Railway Route North Central Railway zone. Rura Railway Station (9 km) is the nearest railway station to east and to the west Jhinjhak is at a distance of 10 km. Kanpur Central railway station is the nearest major Railway station. It is connected with link road to Bhatauli-Rura town, Rura city, Derapur town, Kanpur via Akbarpur and to the Golden Quadrilateral National Highway of India.
 * Available Trains
 * 1) 64162 Shikohabad-Kanpur Pass
 * 2) 51810 Tundla-Kanpur Pass
 * 3) 64156 Tundla -Kanpur Pass
 * 4) 64158 Kanpur-Tundla Pass
 * 5) 51809 Kanpur-Tundla Pass
 * 6) 64159 Kanpur-Shikohabad Pass

Nearest town
Rura is 7 km east, Bhatauli-Rura is 7 km east, Jhinjhak 13 km west, and Derapur is south at a distance of 15 km.

Administration
The village administrated by Pradhan who is an elected representative of village as per constitution of India and Panchayati Raj India.

List of Gram Pradhan

 * Ram Khelawan Mishra (1952---)
 * Manni Singh Gaur
 * Raja Ram Trivedi
 * Indra Pal Singh Gaur
 * Dulare Lal Savita
 * Harpal Singh Kushwah
 * Gyan Wati
 * Vimla Devi
 * Rajesh Singh Gaur
 * BriJ Mohan Trivedi
 * Geeta Devi (2015---2020)
 * Ram Gopal Trivedi(from March 25, 2021 to till date)

Festivals
All national festivals, Holi, Diwali, Mahashivratri, Shri Krishna Janmashtami, Ramnavami, Makara Sankranti, Eid-ul-Fitr, Rakshabandhan, Hanuman jayanti and other local ones such as Nag-Panchmi, Navratri, Durga Puja are celebrated with enthusiasm.

Visiting places

 * Shiv Temple: It is about 200 years old and is constructed by renowned katyayan gotriya Mishra family. Shiv Ling is main grave image at center of temple on a platform and adjacent is sitting Nandi. Ganesh, Parwati and Kartikey are placed on walls chambers. Main festival is celebrated on Maha Shivratri.
 * Hanuman temple: under Peepal tree. This temple is made 25 years ago but graved image is about 200 years old.
 * Hardol ka mandir: This temple is special type temple and is rare for its quality. Every new married spouse first goes to this temple for blessings. It is situated near upper primary school towards south of township.

Demographics
As of 2001 India census, Injuwarampur had a population of 1221. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%.

Geography
Injuwarampur is located at 26.79778°N, 79.90833°W.

Station name: Ambiyapur, Station code: APP

title: Injuwarampur


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/phoenix-moving.biz

Links

 * phoenix-moving.biz resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Users
No users found.

Additions
No additions recorded.


text:
User:Johnp1299

golden italic Hey I'm John and I been going to school for a long time and am about to go to Harvard if anyone needs help ask me for editing

title: User:Johnp1299


text:
Ada Programming/Platform/VM/dotNET

There are two ports of GNAT to the Microsoft .NET platform:
 * A# is an open-source port under GNU General Public License terms developed at the Department of Computer Science at the US Air Force Academy.
 * AdaCore provides a port of their GNAT compiler for the .NET platform. The port is available for their customers, or in the public version (libre).

Wikipedia

 * A#
 * Microsoft .NET

|DotNET DotNET

title: Ada Programming/Platform/VM/dotNET


text:
Northern Arizona University/Environmental Ethics/Handouts/Short Paper Four

Philosophy of Law

Short paper #4
(1 ½ to 2 pages, typewritten, due April 11th at the beginning of class. If you would prefer to turn it in next Tuesday, that will also be fine. You will, however, receive feedback later than those who turn in the short paper on Thursday.)

Let us use this short assignment as an opportunity to make more progress on your term paper. For this assignment, start with the dispute that you intend to focus on and attempt to narrow it down and clarify the nature of the dispute. Try to find specific sources for the dispute and explain the basis of the competing claims. If, for instance, you are focusing on a dispute in a case of constitutional law, look at specific paragraphs in the decision and the dissent. Having clarified the nature of the dispute, think more about the thesis you would like to work on as you attempt to work through such a dispute. Try to clarify the thesis by explaining what you intend to argue for and against and what you intend to set aside for the purposes of the paper.

Having clarified the nature of your thesis, try to outline the main steps in the argument you intend to make in support of the thesis. Work through the basic ideas in this argument and try to explain how they function as ideas in support of your thesis. Finally, consider the main objections one might make to your argument. Pick one or two that you think are serious objections and explain how you intend to respond to the objections.


text:
Japonica

Etymology
From. From being associated with Japan.

Hypernyms

 * ; - subfamily;  - tribe

Hyponyms

 * - type species; for others see

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  A species of camellia, a native flower of Japan, bearing beautiful red or white flowers.

title: Japonica


text:
Talk:Brian Omogrosso

External links modified
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:13, 25 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Brian Omogrosso


text:
Talk:C&A

Old logo in use
According to the C&A website the logo in use on this article is from 1984. A new logo was introduced in 1999 - which has a white line between the blue and red. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:10, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

A little factoid that has little to do with anything but the Primark store in Newcastle-upon-Tyne is in the building that used to be that city's C&A - <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:10, 21 May 2009 (UTC) You are not logged in. Your IP adres will be publicly visible if you make any edits. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:24, 3 May 2014 (UTC)

What C&A did after they closed the stores in the UK
I believe that the company was/is a large owner of retail property in the UK, and in the years following the closure of the C&A retail chain. they have continued to make good profits from their portfolio. I was told this by my father who worked for the company for many years Almondcroissant (talk) 13:19, 28 September 2009 (UTC)

C&A Please come back to to the UK, i'm fed up with Primark

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UK operating name
I have added the name C&A Modes with quite a few sources including a legal case. Also note there are a couple of images hosted at Facebook (login required). I do hope no-one shouts WP:CITEKILL .-- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:33, 19 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:C&A


text:
Talk:Introduction to Philosophy/Logic/Logic and Reason

The logic of mathematics is pretty well developed compared with the logic of everyday life. Mathematics is an in vitro environment for logic.

The mathematics of logic is kind of interesting.

I hope this book turns into something that deals with everyday life rather than mathematics.

>I hope this book turns into something that deals with >everyday life rather than mathematics.

To get your wish, all you have to do is make sure to include a section on Informal (plain language) Logic

See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informal_logic

 * thanks

λογος - greek - can mean word, can mean reason, I think it can mean 'will' as well.

Satz - german - can mean proposition, can mean sentence.

Are Germans and Greeks making conflations, or are English speakers making distinctions without proper differences?

--publunch 11:08, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)


text:
Adobe GoLive Guide/Page Creation and Layout

This chapter focuses on creating and formatting web pages using Adobe GoLive

Adding and Formatting Pages
Pages can be created from within GoLive or added from without. Any time you choose to add a page, image or other object to your site, do so by dragging these files into the site window. This allows you to use the file in your site without effecting the original files and allows GoLive to keep track of and maintain your files/links.

Creating a New Page
While it is possible to create a page by selecting New Page (Ctrl +N) from the File menu, it is often more efficient to create each page as part of the site. There are several ways to do this.

 * Make sure that the site window is open and the Files or Extras tab is selected.
 * Site > New > Page

 * Select a page from the Files tab in the site window.
 * Edit > Duplicate

 * Drag a page onto the Files or Extras tab from the Objects palette.
 * In navigational view, follow the instructions above dragging the page next to any other page.

Formatting Pages
Aspects like backgrounds, margins and keywords (used for searches) can be added before or after the creation of the rest of the page.

Page Titles
The page title appears at the top of most browsers.
 * Select the page in the site window, then open the Page tab in the inspector. Enter a new title in the Title text box.

 * Open the document window and click on the "Title" label at the top of the window. Enter a new title.

Page Margins
Page margins determine how close the contents of a Web page come to the browser window.
 * Special > Page Properties
 * Click Page tab.
 * Change Margin Width and Height.

 * To quickly remove page margins right click on page. Select Document > Set Page Margins to Zero.

Window Size
You can choose to set the page layout to a certain size to help design your page to that size. The following will not actually effect the size of the browser window. Use Java Script to change the size of the browser window.
 * In document view select a size from the Layout Dimensions menu in the bottom right hand corner of the window.

 * To change the size for all document windows, follow the instructions above and then open the Settings window from the Layout and Dimensions menu. Check the box labeled Markup Document Windows.


text:
Cookbook talk:Smore (Eurasian Beef Stew)

This page was transwikied from en.wikipedia.org. List of contributors: <IP_ADDRESS> 20:38, 23 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * [2004-12-23T10:12:59Z] SK
 * [2004-12-23T10:23:09Z] Fvw ( is there anywhere we can transwiki this or is it a vfd? )
 * [2004-12-23T10:24:40Z] SK
 * [2004-12-23T10:39:24Z] Vague Rant ( Move to Wikibooks. )

Sodium bicarb & vinegar
how do you mix the two? The recipe must be incomplete without an explanation how these two conflicting, chemically reacting ingredients can ever be used at one time. --Tar-ba-gan (talk) 23:05, 24 August 2009 (UTC)


text:
categorical imperative

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A fundamental ethical principle intended as a guide for determining whether any contemplated action is morally right, based on the concept that an action is good or bad in and of itself regardless of what the actor's aims or preferences are.

Translations

 * Czech: kategorický imperativ
 * French: impératif catégorique
 * German:, categorischer Imperativ
 * Portuguese: imperativo categórico
 * Romanian:

title: categorical imperative


text:
User:Martin123451234/sandbox

Local Advertising is used in Geo marketing. To optimize ad delivery, this platform is applied to customers depending on their location. Making purchasing or service decisions is influenced by local marketing. Marketers and businesses consider local advertising necessary for economic growth. Advertising is usually funded by a sponsor who promotes the advertisement through different types of media, for example, television, newspaper, commercial radio advertisement, magazine mail, etc. Television is one of the most expensive forms of advertisements and also is shown to most people. The expansion of manufactured goods in the 20th century has lead to the increase of local advertising. If an advertisement of a product is seen, a consumer is more likely to buy the product. Advertisements are arranged and displayed in a certain way, so consumers are attracted. Using endorsements such as celebrity appearance, increases the buyer potential of the consumer. Celebrities are usually involved in all advertisements now. Advertisements with celebrities can also have downsides depending on what the celebrity has done. Research shows if the consumer has similarities or is the same gender, the chance of the consumer buying the good increases. At the start of the 21st century, social media and mobile advertisements began to be focused by small and large companies. There is a bigger chance the consumer will think about purchasing the product, if it is presented to the consumer right away.

Advertising's main purpose is to make the consumer ponder about the advertisement. Memories have a substantial part, on if the consumer is deciding to buy the product. Memories, for a certain type of advertisement, are when the consumer has had some previous relationship with the product. Advertisements focus on the consumer mindset to attract the most consumers. A convincing advertisement will most likely attract more consumers, rather than a advertisement which is dull or boring. Online advertisements, at the start of the internet, have a greater audience and chance to attract more consumers. Online advertisements are able to give consumers every bit of information right away, unlike traditional advertisements. The majority of local advertisers have some sort of local existence and the majority is through online. In most cases consumers will not buy the product as soon as their introduced but might think about it later. Consumer may have seen your business somewhere, but usually don't know what the business really offers, this is when local advertisements are a good idea to advertise on what the business offers

title: User:Martin123451234/sandbox


text:
User:Ayushirathod14/sandbox

VIRAT KHOLI- He is an Indian cricketer who currently captains the India national team. A right-handed top-order batsman, Kohli is regarded as one of the best batsmen in the world.[3] He plays for Royal Challengers Bangalore in the Indian Premier League (IPL), and has been the team's captain since 2013. Since October 2017, he has been the top-ranked ODI batsman in the world and is currently 2nd in Test rankings.[4] Among Indian batsmen, Kohli has the best ever Test rating (937 points), ODI rating (911 points) and T20I rating (897 points).

PERSONAL INFORMATION- Born-5 November 1988 (age 30) Delhi, India Nickname-Chikoo[1][2] Height-5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Batting	Right-handed Bowling	Right-arm medium Role-Top-order batsman Relations-Anushka Sharma (wife) (m. 2017)

EARLY LIFE- Virat Kohli was born on 5 November 1988 in Delhi into a Punjabi family.[15] His father, Prem Kohli, worked as a criminal lawyer and his mother, Saroj Kohli, is a housewife.[16] He has an older brother, Vikas, and an older sister, Bhavna.[17] According to his family, when he was three-years old, Kohli would pick up a cricket bat, start swinging it and ask his father to bowl at him.[18] Kohli's father died on 18 December 2006 due to a stroke after being bed-ridden for a month.[16] Regarding his early life, Kohli has said in an interview, "I've seen a lot in life. Losing my father at a young age, the family business not doing too well, staying in a rented place. There were tough times for the family... It's all embedded in my memory."[23] According to Kohli, his father supported his cricket training during his childhood, "My father was my biggest support. He was the one who drove me to practice every day. I miss his presence sometimes."[24]

REFRENCES:4.^"ICC player rankings". ESPNCricinfo.

title: User:Ayushirathod14/sandbox


text:
Kenneth O. Emery

Kenneth Orris Emery (1914–1998) was a Canadian-born American marine geologist.

Biography
Emery grew up in Texas and studied engineering at North Texas Agricultural College. He then studied geology at the University of Illinois, where he received in 1935 a B.S. and in 1939 an M.S. In 1937 he and another graduate student, Robert S. Dietz, moved with their mentor Francis Parker Shepard from the University of Illinois to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California. There Emery pursued doctoral research on the California continental margin. He received in 1941 his Ph.D. in geology from the University of Illinois. During WW II, he worked in San Diego and produced maps for the U.S. Navy of sediment types from oceanographic surveys. The maps were important for acoustic submarine warfare and scientific understanding of continental margins. At the end of WW II he moved to Los Angeles and joined the faculty of the University of Southern California (USC) as an assistant professor and was later promoted to full professor.

"Between 1946 and 1960 he also worked, mostly part-time, for the U.S. Geological Survey, and served as Oceanographer at the Navy Ordnance Center in Pasadena from 1960 to 1962."

For the academic year 1958–1959 he was on a leave of absence as a Guggenheim Fellow.

"In 1959, K. O. visited the Dead Sea on a Guggenheim Fellowship and studied the circulation of water and the salt formations in this graben. Again, years later, the geological processes evinced by these observations were presented in a book titled The Destruction of Sodom, Gomorrah, and Jericho, which he wrote with David Neev, his former student and colleague."

His 1960 book, The Sea Off Southern California, A Modern Habitat of Petroleum is considered a classic. In 1962 he left USC and joined the marine geology group of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). At WHOI he was a senior scientist from 1963 to 1975, the acting dean of the joint WHOI/MIT graduate program in 1968, and the Henry Bryant Bigelow Oceanographer from 1975 to 1979, retiring as scientist emeritus in 1979. He was the author or co-author of about 360 scientific publications, including 15 books.

"During his years at WHOI, he embarked on an extensive survey of the continental margins of the Atlantic ocean, a project finally completed in 1973, with the help of WHOI's Atlantis II, the first academic research vessel equipped with a seagoing computer lab."

Emery and his wife lived for many years at the head of Oyster Pond in Falmouth, Massachusetts. At his home there he maintained an orchard and apiary and produced his classic 1969 monograph A Coastal Pond Studied by Oceanographic Methods.

"During the passage of Hurricane Gloria in 1985, K. O. was in his yard measuring temperature, wind force and direction, and precipitation, and was thus able to document the snuffing out of the hurricane at its peak by entrainment of cold air from a front to the west."

He is the namesake of the "Emery rod method" used in studies of the dynamics of sand dunes and coastal beaches.

His marriage of 42 years ended with the death of his wife in 1983. Upon his death he was survived by two daughters and a granddaughter.

Awards and honors

 * 1958 — Guggenheim Fellow
 * 1968 — Foreign member of Academia Sinica
 * 1969 — Francis P. Shepard Medal for Marine Geology, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists
 * 1971 — Member of the National Academy of Sciences
 * 1971 — Prince Albert I Medal
 * 1974 — Compass Distinguished Achievement Award, Marine Technical Society
 * 1977 — Foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
 * 1985 — Maurice Ewing Medal
 * 1989 — William H. Twenhofel Medal

Selected publications

 * (pbk reprint of 1984 original)
 * (pbk reprint of 1994 original)
 * (pbk reprint of 1984 original)
 * (pbk reprint of 1994 original)
 * (pbk reprint of 1984 original)
 * (pbk reprint of 1994 original)

title: Kenneth O. Emery


text:
User:UBX/monoamorous

Usage note: Type   to change "his or her" to "his",    to change it to "her", etc.

title: User:UBX/monoamorous


text:
Wikiversity talk:Developing Wikiversity through action research/About

"repository of learning materials" - Why?
I would like to discuss about the following statement:

"Wikiversity is a repository of learning materials, a resource for self-study, a space for collaboration, a space in which to learn collaboratively, a space to explore about learning, a space to learn about teaching, etc. So, how does Wikiversity do all this - "how" in the sense of "by what means" - and, crucially, "by what values"

Why should Wikiversity be a “repository of learning materials”, when the (on and offline) world is already full of create learning materials?

I would even claim that the other wikimedia projects are already building the greatest ever “repository of learning materials”. Why should we replicate this in the Wikiversity project?

The other objectives, such as “resource for self-study” and “a space in which to learn collaboratively” sounds much more reasonable for me.

When doing (serious) self-study reading the learning material is often not enough. You need to set objectives, evaluate your own learning, check and correct if you are no more in a right track etc. In all this the Wikiversity could offer a lot of help, even if the actual materials would be in the “wikimedia library”.

The idea of having a collaborative learning space is even more exciting. This would ask people to organize real study circles or course with schedule, syllabus, objectives, registration, evaluation etc. This is something I am interested in to see more on Wikiversity.

--Teemu 22:53, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with Teemu that Wikiversity should not replicate the good work done at Wikipedia and other sister-projects. Our niche, in my view is to provide a place to organize groups of learners, teachers, enthusiasts, etc. The idea of building a Learning community, I think is our definative objective. CQ 19:50, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I very much agree that Wikiversity's place is to prompt learning, hopefully collaborative learning. However, I would say that learning materials are more than textbooks and encyclopedia articles - they are about framing objectives, setting questions, undertaking tasks and activities. I don't think there's a surplus in the world of learning materials - therefore, I don't see a problem with us creating more free learning materials, provided they are not duplicating the content of other Wikimedia projects. (Maybe there's a question in here of whether there is a redundant split between projects like Wikiversity and Wikibooks?) In any case, I would also like to see more people actually engaged in active learning within Wikiversity - something that might be simply hard to actually track (because it takes place outside wikiversity.org), or which might not be much present. I'd like to be able to differentiate between these options, and to determine why each one is the case. Cormaggio talk 10:45, 17 April 2007 (UTC)


text:
USS Virgo

USS Virgo (AKA-20) was an Andromeda class attack cargo ship of the United States Navy, named after the constellation Virgo. She was later converted to an ammunition ship and redesignated as (AE-30). She served as a commissioned ship for 22 years and 4 months.

Virgo (AKA-20) was laid down on 9 March 1943 at Kearny, New Jersey, by the Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, under a Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 204); launched on 4 June 1943; sponsored by Miss Sharman Douglas; delivered to the Navy on 15 July 1943; and commissioned at the New York Navy Yard on 16 July 1943.

1943
Virgo conducted her shakedown training in the Chesapeake Bay and off the Virginia Capes in July and August and then departed Norfolk on 24 August, bound for the Pacific. She transited the Panama Canal on 31 August and arrived in San Diego, California, on 9 September. On the 15th, she continued her voyage west. The attack cargo ship entered Pearl Harbor on 21 September and began cargo operations – unloading some and taking on more. Virgo stood out of Pearl Harbor on 24 September and set a course for New Zealand. She arrived in Wellington on 6 October and began a series of landing craft exercises. The ship remained at Wellington until 1 November at which time she got underway for the New Hebrides Islands. She arrived in Hayannah Harbor at the island of Efate to conduct training and make preparations for the forthcoming Gilberts and Marshalls invasions.

Virgo departed the New Hebrides on 13 November in company with a convoy bound for the Gilbert Islands. She arrived off Tarawa Atoll early on the morning of the 20th. While preparing to land marines on Betio Island, Virgo was straddled by four shells from a Japanese shore battery. However, air strikes and counter battery fire quickly silenced the offender, and Virgo resumed landing operations. She remained offshore while the Marines carried out their bloody struggle to wrest control of the atoll from a well-fortified enemy. During that struggle and while the other islands of the atoll were cleared, Virgo remained in the vicinity of Tarawa. On 28 November, she cleared the Gilberts on her way to Hawaii. The attack cargo ship arrived in Pearl Harbor on 7 December. During the following six weeks, she practiced amphibious operations in the Hawaiian Islands in preparation for "Operation Flintlock", the assault and occupation of atolls in the Marshall Islands.

1944
On 22 January 1944, Virgo departed Oahu in company with Task Force (TF) 52, bound for the Marshalls. She arrived off Kwajalein Atoll early on the morning of 31 January and began launching boats and discharging troops. No untoward events occurred during her five-day stay at Kwajalein, and she departed the atoll on 4 February. The attack cargo ship arrived at Funafuti in the Ellice Islands on 8 February and remained there until the 19th when she got underway for Guadalcanal. The ship anchored in Port Purvis on Florida Island in the Solomons on 24 February and began a series of amphibious training exercises in the southern Solomons.

That employment lasted until 27 March, on which day she got underway for Bougainville in the northern Solomons with elements of the Army's 25th Regimental Combat Team (RCT). She discharged those troops and their attending equipment at Bougainville on 28 March and departed that same day for New Guinea. Virgo entered Milne Bay, New Guinea, on 31 March and remained there until 4 April when she headed for Cape Sudest. The ship stopped at Cape Sudest from 5 to 14 April and then headed for the Beli Beli Islands. She reached that destination on the 15th and began loading elements of the Army's 24th RCT. Underway again on the 16th, Virgo set a course for Tanahmerah Bay, New Guinea, where she arrived on 23 April. She unloaded the troops and their equipment and departed Tanahmerah Bay on the 24th. She stopped at Cape Sudest on the 27th and arrived at Saidor on the 29th. There, she loaded men and equipment of the Army's 32nd Infantry Division. On 1 May, the ship put to sea once again, bound for Aitape, New Guinea, where she arrived on the 3rd and unloaded troops and equipment. Departing Aitape that same day, Virgo set a course via Cape Sudest for Guadalcanal where she arrived on 10 May. At Guadalcanal, the attack cargo ship loaded troops of the 1st Marine Provisional Brigade and began amphibious training exercises which lasted until 31 May.

On 4 June, she departed Guadalcanal with troops embarked for the invasion of the Mariana Islands. She stopped at Kwajalein from 9 to 11 June and then put to sea once again on the 12th. Virgo's troops were not committed to 15 June landings on Saipan. Instead, they made up a part of the floating reserve and were scheduled to land on Guam later in the month. However, Saipan proved to be a tougher nut to crack than expected; and, as a consequence, the Guam assault was delayed. After steaming around to the east of Saipan for several days – during which the 5th Fleet carriers destroyed the remnants of Japanese naval air power in the Battle of the Philippine Sea — she then put in at Eniwetok Atoll on 30 June to await reinforcements for the delayed invasion of Guam. The ship rode at anchor in Eniwetok until 17 July when she returned to sea and set a course back to the Marianas. On the 21st, she arrived off Guam, and her troops landed near Orote Peninsula. The attack cargo ship remained off Agat Bay until 27 July at which time she took leave of the Marianas on her way – via Eniwetok – to Espiritu Santo in the New Hebrides.

The ship arrived at Espiritu Santo on 6 August and, for the next month, conducted amphibious training there and at Guadalcanal. On 8 September, Virgo left Guadalcanal and shaped a course for the Palau Islands. She arrived off Peleliu Island early on the morning of 15 September, and her embarked troops stormed ashore at about 0830. She remained in the Palaus for almost a month supporting the troops in their difficult battle to subdue the Peleliu garrison. On 3 October, she departed the Palau Islands to return to Guadalcanal via the Russell Islands. She arrived at her destination on 12 October. The following day, the ship received orders to return to the United States and got underway almost immediately. After a non-stop voyage, Virgo arrived in San Francisco, California, on 29 October and, soon thereafter, began a two-month overhaul at the Hunters Point Navy Yard.

1945–1946
The attack cargo ship stood out of San Francisco on 4 January 1945 to return to the western Pacific. She stopped at Pearl Harbor from 10 to 28 January before continuing her voyage west. Along the way, Virgo also made a visit to Eniwetok before arriving in Ulithi on 13 February where she reported for duty with Service Squadron (ServRon) 10. Her tour of duty with ServRon 10 brought a change in mission for the ship. No longer did she serve as an assault cargo carrier engaged in amphibious operations. From that point forward, the attack cargo ship served as a straight cargo carrier. In that role, she supported the Iwo Jima operation in February by replenishing warships at sea. In April and May, Virgo performed similar services in support of the Okinawa campaign. In May, she began a return voyage to the United States, departing Okinawa on 15 May. En route, she made stops at Ulithi and at Pearl Harbor before arriving in San Francisco on 20 June. After a month in overhaul at Moore's Shipyard, Virgo headed back to the western Pacific on 3 August. However, she did not resume warlike activities because hostilities ceased on 15 August, four days before she arrived in the lagoon at Ulithi. The next day, she returned to sea with Task Group (TG) 30.8 to provision the ships of the 3rd Fleet in Japanese waters. Finishing that mission early in September, Virgo arrived in Tokyo Bay on the 9th, a week after the formal surrender. She served as station store ship at Yokosuka for the occupation forces until 10 April 1946 at which time she headed back to the United States. The ship arrived in San Francisco on 14 May and began overhaul at the San Francisco Naval Shipyard.

She completed repairs in August and, on the 21st, began a series of voyages from the west coast to American bases in the Far East. She carried provisions and stores to bases in the Philippines, in the Marianas, in Japan, and in China. She also made side trips to Okinawa, the Admiralty Islands, and Korea. That routine lasted until the latter half of 1949. In October 1949, she began an overhaul at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard which lasted until the beginning of 1950.

1950
Between 7 February and 31 March 1950, the attack cargo ship made a round-trip voyage from Oakland to Guam and back to San Diego. On 25 April, she departed San Diego for a voyage to the east coast of the United States. During that voyage, she transited the Panama Canal and visited both Bayonne, New Jersey, and Norfolk, Virginia. She returned to the west coast via the Panama Canal once more and arrived back in San Diego on 17 July.

While Virgo visited the east coast, conflict broke out in the Far East once again. On 25 June, troops of communist North Korea invaded the Republic of Korea (ROK) to the south. The United States, and later the United Nations, responded with support for South Korea against the aggressors. Thus, Virgo soon found herself supporting combat forces once more. On 19 August, she departed Port Chicago, California, with Navy passengers embarked and with a load of ammunition, bound ultimately for Korea. She stopped at Sasebo, Japan, from 6 to 15 September and then headed for Inchon, Korea. She arrived at Inchon on the 16th, the day following the amphibious landing carried out there. She remained in the Korean war zone, first at Inchon and later at Jinsen Ko, for about three weeks. During that time, the attack cargo ship provisioned minesweepers, a Canadian destroyer, an American destroyer and supplied ammunition to the troops ashore. She departed Korea on 7 October and returned to Japan where she visited Sasebo and Yokosuka before heading back to the United States on 1 November. After a stop at Pearl Harbor, the ship arrived in San Francisco on 19 November and began repairs at the Pacific Repair Co.

1951
On 19 January 1951, Virgo departed San Francisco for her second tour of duty in the Korean combat zone. She arrived in Sasebo on 6 February to disembark passengers and unload ammunition. From Sasebo, the ship moved to Yokosuka at mid-month; and, from there, she headed for Korea. The attack cargo ship entered port at Pusan on 15 March but soon returned to sea to transfer ammunition to USS Valley Forge (CV-45) and to USS Juneau (CL-119). Following that, she returned to Sasebo for several days on the 19th. At the end of the month, she resumed ammunition resupply duty along the Korean coast, visiting Songjin, Wonsan, Suyeong, and Pohang as well as replenishing ships at sea between port calls. She returned to Sasebo on 7 May and remained there until the 29th when she got underway to return to the United States. On 13 June, the attack cargo ship entered port at Long Beach California, and began overhaul at the Long Beach Naval Shipyard. She completed repairs in August and, after refresher training out of San Diego, loaded passengers and ammunition at Port Chicago, California in late September. On 5 October, she put to sea to return to the Far East. The ship arrived in Sasebo on 22 October, disembarked her passengers, and unloaded some ammunition before getting underway for the war zone once more.

1952
During her tour of duty, her mission consisted entirely of replenishments at sea in support of United Nations naval forces operating off the Korean coast. That assignment lasted until 12 August 1952 at which time she departed Yokosuka for home. She stopped at Pearl Harbor along the way and arrived in San Francisco on the 25th. Virgo then began an availability at the Triple "A" Machine Shop in San Francisco. Virgo completed repairs in October and departed San Francisco on 1 November to resume duty in the Orient. She arrived in Sasebo on 19 November and remained there almost two months.

1953
On 3 January 1953, the ship stood out of Sasebo, bound for Korean waters. For the next five months, she resumed the familiar schedule of replenishments at sea punctuated by ammunition deliveries at Korean ports and return trips to Sasebo for the purpose of restocking her own supplies. She completed her last mission early in June and, on the 13th, headed back to the United States. She reentered San Francisco on 28 June and entered the Mare Island Naval Shipyard for a three-month overhaul. While she underwent repairs, hostilities in Korea effectively ceased with the signing of an armistice on 19 July 1953. Thus, when she emerged from the shipyard late in September and prepared to resume voyages to the Far East, her missions lost their combat character.

Pacific, 1953–1961
Over the next five years, she continued to make voyages between the west coast and American bases in the Far East. Most frequently, she called at such ports as Sasebo and Yokosuka in Japan, Kaohsiung on the island of Taiwan, and Manila and Subic Bay in the Philippines. Less frequently, she stopped at the Japanese ports of Kure and Kobe, at Okinawa, Guam, and Hong Kong. At the end of that five years, on 3 April 1958, Virgo was decommissioned and berthed with the Columbia River Group, Pacific Reserve Fleet, located at Astoria, Oregon On 1 July 1961, her name was stricken from the Navy list; and she was transferred to the custody of the Maritime Administration. She was berthed with the National Defense Reserve Fleet located also at Astoria.

1965–1968
In September 1965, the Navy reactivated the Virgo and her name was reinstated on the Navy list. On 1 November 1965, she was reclassified as an ammunition ship and redesignated AE-30. After almost a year of repairs and rehabilitation, Virgo (AE-30) was recommissioned at Seattle, Washington, on 19 August 1966. She spent the remainder of 1966 engaged in shakedown training and independent ship's exercises along the west coast. In January 1967, she loaded ammunition at Concord Naval Weapons Station, California, in preparation for her first deployment to the western Pacific in support of the American effort in the Vietnam War. She departed Concord on 12 January and arrived in Subic Bay on 6 February. There, she unloaded a part of her cargo before departing the Philippines on the 12th for replenishment missions in the Gulf of Tonkin. During the following six months, the ship made an equal number of replenishment voyages from Subic Bay to the warships operating in the Gulf of Tonkin to keep them supplied with ammunition. She punctuated those assignments with liberty calls at Subic Bay and at Hong Kong. Virgo headed back to the United States on 22 August. Almost a month later, on 21 September, she moored at the Concord Naval Weapons Station, California. She spent the remainder of the year engaged in normal operations out of her base at Concord.

During the first six weeks of 1968, Virgo loaded ammunition in preparation for and participation in the 1st Fleet exercise, Operation "Bead Stringer." In mid-February, she loaded ammunition for her second deployment to the western Pacific during the Vietnam War. On 26 February, she began her voyage west. The ship changed operational control to the 7th Fleet on 7 March and arrived in Subic Bay 12 days later. Once again, her assignment fell into a pattern of replenishment voyages to the ships operating in the Gulf of Tonkin. In six months' time, she made eight line swings from Subic Bay to the Gulf bringing in new stocks of ammunition to refill the depleted magazines of American warships along the Vietnamese coast. She finished her last such mission early in October and returned to Subic Bay on the 10th. From there, she moved to Sasebo, Japan, for a four-day liberty call before getting underway for the United States on 23 October. The ammunition ship arrived back in Concord on 11 November, offloaded ammunition, and entered the Mare Island Naval Shipyard to begin post-deployment standdown. On 19 December, she moved to the Triple "A" shipyard to begin a six-week restricted availability.

1969–1973
Her repair period continued until the end of January 1969. On the 31st, she loaded ammunition at Concord in preparation for operations at sea with units of the 1st Fleet. Those missions – primarily to train new crew members – lasted until the beginning of April. After final loadout at Concord, she got underway for the Far East on 19 April. She arrived in Subic Bay on 14 May and, after two weeks of voyage repairs, began the familiar series of voyages between Subic Bay and Vietnamese waters to resupply 7th Fleet ships with ammunition. However, the increasing use of the fast combat support ship (AOE), which combined the features of both ammunition ship and oiler, relegated her to a reduced role.

During most of her eight line swings, Virgo either served as a backup for the AOE's or concentrated on replenishing the cruisers and destroyers operating close to the coast. The ship completed her eighth and final line period on 12 November and returned to Subic Bay on the 14th. On the 19th, Virgo got underway for Sasebo where she remained from the 23rd to the 26th. On the latter day, she departed Sasebo and shaped a course for home. The ship arrived back in Concord on 13 December and began post-deployment leave and upkeep.

Stand down continued into January 1970. On 21 January, she began a restricted availability at the Bethlehem Steel shipyard located in San Francisco. Repairs complete on 16 February, Virgo moved back to Concord to load ammunition in preparation for operations at sea along the west coast. Refresher and type training occupied her time until 7 May at which time she departed San Francisco for the last western Pacific deployment of her Navy career. Virgo arrived in Subic Bay on 29 May and embarked upon the first of six line periods supplying ammunition to warships off Vietnam. She completed her final line swing early in November and, after a stop at Sasebo, she got underway for home on 27 November. She arrived back at Concord on 12 December and began preparations for decommissioning. Virgo was decommissioned at Vallejo, California, on 18 February 1971, and her name was once again stricken from the Navy List. Subsequently, transferred to the Maritime Administration for disposal, she was sold on 19 November 1973 to Taipei Hsieh, of Taiwan, for scrapping.

Awards
Virgo earned seven battle stars during World War II, nine battle stars for Korean War service, and 10 battle stars for service during the Vietnam War.

Specifications as of 1945
In 1945, the commanding officer wrote the following description of the USS Virgo to the Secretary of the Navy:

The U.S.S. VIRGO (AKA-20) was built by the Federal Shipbuilding Company, at Kearney, New Jersey, in the winter and spring 1943. It was originally designed for use in the U.S. Maritime Service, but was taken over by the Navy for use as an amphibious cargo attack ship. She is a medium-sized cargo vessel having certain bulkheads and much equipment of a military nature added.

The general characteristics of the U.S.S. VIRGO are as follows:

 * OVERALL LENGTH
 * 459' 2½"
 * BEAM
 * 63' 2½"
 * LIGHT DRAFT (Fore & Aft)
 * 12' 11¾"
 * MAXIMUM DRAFT
 * 25' 9¾"
 * }
 * MAXIMUM DRAFT
 * 25' 9¾"
 * }
 * }

The ship is divided into five holds, each hold serviced by two booms, one thirty ton boom and one ten ton boom, with the exception of #1 hold which has two ten ton booms. The total useful cargo capacity after conversion being about 350,000 cu. ft.

The ship has a full speed of 17 knots (95 RPM) and a cruising speed of 15.5 knots (87 RPM). Fuel consumption at full speed is 575 gallons per hour and at standard speed, 420 gallons per hour. Her fuel capacity is 436,000 gallons fuel oil, 28,754 gallons diesel fuel and 3,000 gallons lube oil. The fresh water capacity of the ship total's 158,920 gallons with 6,857 gallons for boiler food. Her cruising range at cruising speed of 15.5 knots is 10,367 miles.

The ship is single screwed, steam turbine (double reduction) driven, made by DeLaval and is rated at 6000 HP. There are two boilers made by the Combustion Engineering Corp. with working pressure of 450 pounds, 750° superheat.

The electricity for the ship's use is furnished by two General Electric 300 KW, 120-240 V-DC generators and one Ideal Electric 300 KW, 120-240 V-DC generator. For emergency use there is one diesel driven 60 KW, 120-240 V-DC generator. The steering engine is electric hydraulic made by Hydo Windlass. The refrigerating system is composed of five, four ton York compressors and is freon type.

The evaporator is of the low pressure double effect type with a 12,000 gallon capacity. US Government National Archives - USS Virgo Ship History

Popular culture
Thomas Heggen served on board the Virgo and wrote the novel Mister Roberts. Heggen based his novel on his experiences aboard the USS Virgo (AKA-20) and the USS Rotanin (AK-108) in the South Pacific during World War II, and began the book as a collection of short stories. It was subsequently adapted as a Tony Award-winning play, an Academy Award-winning feature film, a television series, and a television movie.

One of the novel's plot devices was a palm tree that is covertly thrown overboard by one of the crew, infuriating the captain. Another was the ship's constant voyaging between out of the way ports with no opportunity for the crew to hit a liberty port, which reflected Virgo's service through much of World War II.

title: USS Virgo


text:
SCG 004

The Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus SCG 004 is a sports car developed and manufactured by American boutique car maker Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus LLC. It is the manufacturer's second model after the 003 of 2017.

The SCG 004S was unveiled by Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus in November 2017. In August 2020, the manufacturer presented the production version of the 004S and announced the start of production for October 2020 at the Connecticut plant in the United States.

SCG 004S
The 004S or "Stradale" (Street) is the road-going version of the 004 series. The 004S adopts a retro design reminiscent of old supercars such as the Maserati MC12 of 2004 or the Ferrari P4/5 by Pininfarina for James Glickenhaus in 2006. It has the particularity of the arrangement of three passengers with the driver's seat in a central position as the McLaren F1 or the recent Gordon Murray Automotive T.50.

SCG 004C
The SCG 004C or "Competizione" (Competition) is the racing variant of the 004 series. The car is developed to ultimately serve as a platform for LM GTE, GTLM, GT3, and GT4 categories as well as Germany's NLS series. It's powered by the 6.2-liter naturally aspirated V8 engine based on GM's LT4 block, developed by Autotechnica Motori. The car made its debut in the 2020 24 Hours of Nürburgring and finished 14th overall. In 2022 it was confirmed that Glickenhaus aimed for the car to make its Le Mans debut in the GT3 class in 2024.

SCG 004CS
The SCG 004CS or "Competizione Stradale" (Street Competition) is a version that can swap between road and race configurations. This version can be driven on the road, but with a few simple modifications becomes a homologated race car that can be a track day car. The car will be powered by a supercharged V8 engine that can reportedly produce approximately 850 hp.

title: SCG 004


text:
Talk:Terms of trade/Archives/2014

"The term" section
Are you sure this section is necessary, because the explanation could be included in the intro, seeing as it's so short. Deagle_AP (talk) 09:44, 1 May 2010 (UTC)

Can you give me an example to elaborate on this term? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:CE0:2201:8808:505E:55E:BFC5:450E (talk) 17:46, 21 September 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Terms of trade/Archives/2014


text:
Takio Izawa

Takio Izawa (伊澤 多喜男) was a Japanese politician of the early 20th century.

Biography
Izawa served as Governor of Wakayama, Ehime, and Niigata Prefectures on Honshū, and later became a member of the House of Peers. He was appointed the 10th Governor-General of Taiwan where he served from September 1, 1924 to July 1926. After a trip to Japan for medical reasons in 1926, Izawa was nominated to become Mayor of Tokyo City, a position which he accepted.

title: Takio Izawa


text:
Alabama and Florida Rail Road Company

The Alabama legislature chartered the Alabama and Florida Rail Road Company in February 1850. The Congress of the United States in legislative session authorized the grant of public lands to the company in May 1856. The Alabama legislature consolidated the Mobile and Great Northern Railroad Company and the Alabama and Florida Railroad Company into the Mobile and Montgomery Railroad Company in 1868.

Operation of some of the company's rail track line succeeded to The Louisville and Nashville Railroad Company.

The company also operated at least some of the Pensacola Railroad.

title: Alabama and Florida Rail Road Company


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/lyfboat.com

Links

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text:
The Good Place season 4

The fourth and final season of the fantasy-comedy television series The Good Place, created by Michael Schur, was ordered by NBC on December 4, 2018. The season premiered on September 26, 2019, and consisted of 14 episodes. The season is produced by Fremulon, 3 Arts Entertainment, and Universal Television.

The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop (Kristen Bell), a deceased young woman who wakes up in the afterlife and is welcomed by Michael (Ted Danson) to "the Good Place" in reward for her righteous life; however, she eventually discovers that Michael's "Good Place" is a hoax, and she is actually in the "Bad Place", to be psychologically and emotionally tortured by her fellow afterlife residents. Eleanor and Michael claim that "the points system" for assigning humans to the Good Place or Bad Place is fundamentally flawed; in the real world, assigning a certain action as categorically Good or Bad is practically impossible due to unintended consequences. In the fourth season, they are given a chance to prove their hypothesis. They design an experiment meant to demonstrate that humans in a simulated Good Place can show moral development. One of the experiment subjects is Eleanor's boyfriend, Chidi (William Jackson Harper), who has volunteered to have his memory erased to preserve the integrity of the experiment. Jameela Jamil, Manny Jacinto, and D'Arcy Carden also star as Eleanor and Michael's friends and collaborators in the experiment. Each of the episodes is listed as "Chapter (xx)" following the opening title card; the final episode is listed as "The Final Chapter".

Main

 * Kristen Bell as Eleanor Shellstrop, a deceased, selfish saleswoman from Phoenix, Arizona. She pretends to be the architect of the Good Place after Michael becomes overwhelmed and has a panic attack.
 * William Jackson Harper as Chidi Anagonye, a deceased professor of ethics and moral philosophy from Senegal. After having his memories of the afterlife erased, Chidi serves as one of the human participants in the team's experiment.
 * Jameela Jamil as Tahani Al-Jamil, a deceased, wealthy English philanthropist who believes she belongs in the Good Place. She forms an unlikely friendship with Eleanor, who initially dislikes her positive attitude, condescending way of speaking, and tendency to name drop.
 * D'Arcy Carden as Janet, a programmed guide and knowledge bank who acts as the Good Place's main source of information and can provide its residents with whatever they desire. Later, Janet gains a more humanlike disposition, and begins to act differently from the way she was designed. Carden also plays various versions of Janet:
 * Bad Janet, a disrespectful version designed not to respond to residents properly. She pretended to be Good Janet after the real Good Janet was kidnapped until Jason saw through the deception. She is released by Michael and is given a manifesto about the experiment.
 * Neutral Janet, an emotionless Janet who works in the neutral zone between the Good Place and the Bad Place.
 * Disco Janet. According to Michael, she was "fun, but a lot".
 * Manny Jacinto as Jason Mendoza, a deceased amateur DJ and drug dealer from Jacksonville, Florida who winds up in the Good Place by mistake. He is introduced as Jianyu Li, a Taiwanese monk who took a vow of silence. Later, Jason proves to be an immature and unintelligent, but kindhearted Jacksonville Jaguars and Blake Bortles fan.
 * Ted Danson as Michael, an architect who runs the Good Place neighborhood in which Eleanor, Chidi, Tahani, and Jason reside. Michael has a deep affinity for the mundane aspects of human life, like playing with paper clips or searching for one's car keys. "Michael" is a Hebrew name meaning "who is like God?"

Recurring

 * Marc Evan Jackson as Shawn, Michael's wicked boss. Shawn gives Michael two chances to pull off the torture experiment, and later turns against him when he finds out about Michael's betrayal.
 * Maya Rudolph as the eternal Judge who rules on interdimensional matters between the Good Place and the Bad Place.
 * Kirby Howell-Baptiste as Simone Garnett, an Australian neuroscientist and, briefly, Chidi's girlfriend. She dies and becomes the experimental Good Place's second test subject, complicating the test and causing the erasure of Chidi's memories. When she arrives, she is in complete denial of her surroundings, believing them to be hallucinations of her dying brain.
 * Tiya Sircar as Vicky, a Bad Place demon who is introduced as the "real Eleanor Shellstrop" in the first attempt of Michael's torture plan. Though Shawn subsequently encased her in a cocoon as a punishment, she was shown at the end of the third season and beginning of the fourth season to be wearing a body suit which made her identical in appearance to Michael. Shawn created the suit to enable the demons to torment the four humans upon the seemingly inevitable failure of the new experiment. She is later exploded into goo while posing as Michael during a ceremony to celebrate the skinsuits, but is brought back to redeem herself for a new experiment. Vicky later becomes in charge of the rehabilitation Bad Place.
 * Maribeth Monroe as Mindy St. Claire, a deceased corporate lawyer and cocaine addict who just barely toed the line of earning enough Good Place points before her death and thus was awarded her own private Medium Place. When Derek was sent to her during the second season, she rebooted him repeatedly, which made him smarter, more sophisticated and refined.
 * Jason Mantzoukas as Derek, a wacky artificial rebound boyfriend created by Janet who was later sent to Mindy St. Claire. Through subsequent and repeated reboots, he is shown to be evolved in his capacities, intelligence, and refinement.
 * Luke Guldan as Chris, a muscular Bad Place demon who is sent by Shawn to thwart Michael's experiment by posing as Linda Johansen (Rachel Winfree), a sweet, but boring, old lady from Norway.
 * Brandon Scott Jones as John Wheaton, the first test subject sent to the experimental Good Place. In life, he was a gossip columnist, and especially published trashy articles about Tahani.
 * Benjamin Koldyke as Brent Norwalk, the fourth test subject sent to the experimental Good Place, a privileged and entitled chauvinist.
 * Jama Williamson as Val, Shawn's secretary.
 * Bambadjan Bamba as Bambadjan, an underling for the Bad Place.
 * Josh Siegal as Glenn, an underling for the Bad Place, who later became a traitor after realizing how good humans are. He is exploded into goo by Bad Janet (who was posing as Good Janet).
 * Brad Morris as Matt, a suicidal accountant who works in a neutral office between the Good Place and the Bad Place. He is assigned as the accountant for Eleanor and Michael's experiment.
 * Joe Mande as the voice of Toddrick Hemple, a lava monster who refuses to wear a human suit.
 * Paul Scheer as Chuck, a member of the Good Place committee.

Guest

 * Mike O'Malley as Jeff, the gatekeeper of the doorway between the afterlife and Earth. He has an affinity for frogs.
 * Timothy Olyphant as himself, dressed as his Justified character Raylan Givens, who is conjured up by Janet for the Judge.
 * Lisa Kudrow as Hypatia / "Patty", one of the residents of the Good Place.
 * Nick Offerman as himself, teaching Tahani woodworking.
 * Mary Steenburgen as Michael's guitar teacher. Steenburgen is also the real-life wife of Ted Danson, who plays Michael.
 * Pamela Hieronymi as herself, attending a philosophy class held by Chidi. Hieronymi was also a philosophical advisor to the show.
 * Todd May as himself, attending a philosophy class held by Chidi. May was also a philosophical advisor to the show.
 * Mitch Narito as Donkey Doug, Jason's dopey father.
 * Eugene Cordero as Steven "Pillboi" Peleaz, Jason's best friend and partner in crime.
 * Angela Trimbur as Madison, Eleanor's roommate.
 * Meryl Hathaway as Brittany, Eleanor's roommate.

Specials
An hour-long retrospective, The Paley Center Salutes The Good Place, aired on September 19, 2019, featuring interviews with cast members and series creator Michael Schur; the special received 1.25 million viewers. A special featuring the six main cast members and hosted by Seth Meyers followed the 75 minute series finale on January 30, 2020; the special received 1.93 million viewers.

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the fourth season has a rating of 100%, based on 25 reviews, with an average rating of 8.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A wild philosophical ride to the very end, The Good Place brings it home with a forking good final season."

Accolades
At the 72nd Primetime Emmy Awards, the series received six nominations–Outstanding Comedy Series, Ted Danson for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series, D'Arcy Carden for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series, William Jackson Harper for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series, Maya Rudolph for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series, and Michael Schur for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series for the series finale "Whenever You're Ready".

"The Answer" won the 2020 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form.

"Whenever You're Ready" won the 2021 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form and the Ray Bradbury Nebula Award for Outstanding Drama Presentation.

title: The Good Place season 4


text:
Maccan River

Maccan River may refer to:

 * Maccan River (Nova Scotia), a small tidal river tributary of River Hebert, contained completely within Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Canada
 * Maccan River (Anticosti Island), a tributary of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in L'Île-d'Anticosti, Quebec, Canada

title: Maccan River


text:
Georges Gauthier-Lafond

Georges Gauthier-Lafond (16 October 1914 – 30 September 1992) was a French sports shooter. He competed in the 50 m rifle event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

title: Georges Gauthier-Lafond


text:
List of storms named Sally

The name Sally has been used for thirteen tropical cyclones worldwide: one in the Atlantic Ocean, nine in the Western Pacific Ocean, and three in the Southern Hemisphere.

In the Atlantic Ocean:
 * Hurricane Sally (2020) – made landfall in Alabama as a Category 2 hurricane. A slow-moving storm that dropped heavy rain on multiple Gulf coast states; earliest eighteenth named storm on record.

In the Western Pacific Ocean:
 * Typhoon Sally (1954) (T5421), Category 5 super typhoon that was miles from making landfall in the Philippines before curving back into open waters.
 * Tropical Storm Sally (1959) (T5902, 03W)
 * Typhoon Sally (1961) (T6122, 54W)
 * Typhoon Sally (1964) (T6418, 27W, Aring), made landfall in the Philippines as a Category 5 typhoon.
 * Typhoon Sally (1967) (T6702, 02W, Bebeng)
 * Tropical Storm Sally (1970) (T7005, 05W)
 * Typhoon Sally (1972) (T7229, 31W)
 * Typhoon Sally (1976) (T7608, 08W, Isang)
 * Typhoon Sally (1996) (T9623, 23W, Maring), a Category 5 typhoon that made landfall in a similar location in the Philippines as Typhoon Sally of 1964, at a similar intensity, before going on to make landfall in China.

In the Southern Hemisphere:
 * Cyclone Sally (1971), a severe cyclone that made landfall in Australia.
 * Cyclone Sally (1986), impacted the Cook Islands.
 * Cyclone Sally (2005), churned in the open ocean.

title: List of storms named Sally