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Wikiversity:Reports/15 January 2007

This is a personal (and brief) analysis of (the English) Wikiversity’s progress, after approximately five months of its existence, as well as being an attempted snapshot of where we are at the moment. Please feel free to add comments on this page (preferably indented and signed), or the talk page, or write your own response or analysis elsewhere. If there are specific Wikiversity pages that you feel would benefit or clarify this page, please also feel free to add them here. Also, the "further questions" is an open-ended section to develop questions that we might want to address in the future. Cormaggio talk 00:37, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Context
Wikiversity was set up (in its beta phase, on August 15th, 2006) to be a repository of educational material, as well as a space for learning (with a question mark over whether and how research would be integrated) - see Wikiversity project proposal. The types of educational materials, or the means for creating them, were not pre-specified - except for the fact that Wikiversity is a wiki, and therefore editable by anyone, as well as specifying that Wikiversity would not seek to undermine the integrity of other projects like Wikibooks and Wikipedia.

Analysis
In an attempt to give a broad overview, based on Wikiversity’s scope, I set the following questions:

 * Is there material of quality on Wikiversity?
 * How do we know whether material is of any quality?
 * Is there a community of teachers on Wikiversity?
 * Is there a community of learners on Wikiversity?
 * Is there a community of researchers on Wikiversity?

On the latter three questions, my own personal perception is that, while there are individual learners, teachers, and researchers on Wikiversity, there is not (at the moment) a fully functioning community of any of these groups (though I may be wrong, and would love to be pointed to a good example).

At the moment, there are evidently good intentions and high aspirations, some good material, and much potential for developing material. Most of the materials (and many of the "school", "topic" etc organiser pages) are "stub-like" (meaning, "sketchy", "not well developed"). However, there are some well-developed pages, available through specific portals as well as Featured. There is a (thus far) fledgling page devoted to assessing Wikiversity’s quality at Quality.

‘’Related pages: Featured; Assessment; Quality; Portal:Learning Materials; Portal:Learning Projects;

However, despite the above, I (Cormaggio) do not see any of this as cause for dismay; on the contrary, I see it as a huge opportunity to develop. Wikiversity is still very young and raw and very much a "work-in-progress". The fact that Wikiversity hasn't yet consolidated in any particular direction still gives it an (IMO) exciting quality in that it can still be defined, shaped, and driven by new ideas and newly-arrived participants. (Question: Is it possible to lose or undermine this quality of openness? If so, how can we act to ensure that it isn’t lost or undermined?)

A model for learning
Wikiversity operates under a free-form model for developing materials, communities and activities - it is up to contributors to deem for themselves what is appropriate for facilitating learning, and it is often largely up to learners to figure out how to go about structuring their learning. There is little guidance for educators on how to go about creating good educational material/activities, and no guidance for students on how they could use Wikiversity as a space for their own learning. Some existing guidance is being developed on pages like: Adding content, Learning goals, Welcome, newcomers, Introduction, Wikiversity teachers, School and university projects, Portal:Education, School:Education, Learning, Learning projects. However, there isn’t yet much guidance as to how we can actually learn or teach in this environment. A notable project is Learning to learn a wiki way, which has attracted some attention, and generated discussion – and there is some content distributed between the pages above, and their talk pages (see also Wiki as a tool for learning and Wiki. There is still confusion ( or, at least uncertainty) about the board’s recommendation (in November 2005) to “exclude online courses” from Wikiversity’s scope. Overall, much work needs to be done here in clarifying what learning means in Wikiversity, and how it can be provided for.

Reflective blogs
There are some reflective blogs within Wikiversity, and some Wikiversity members are keeping their own blogs externally. (Question: How can these blogs be better connected to eachother?) There has been some discussion of what blogs are for, and whether they should be restricted in any way or form, though this has not yet been translated into any formal context, such as guidance or policy. See: Category:Blogs.

Multilingual coordination
Multilingual coordination has been talking place on the beta wiki (http://beta.wikiversity.org/) - so far, there are four language Wikiversities: English, French, German, and Spanish. I cannot comment on the effectiveness of the multilingual coordination so far - my only experience has been on the project of writing guidelines for research, which has, in my opinion, been useful (though has it been conclusive?). There have been ‘’’reports’’’ done about individual Wikiversities - including those on English at Wikiversity Reports (which have been quite creative, and technologically advanced), and at the beta wiki http://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Reports/En. (Questions: What have we learnt, if anything, from these reports? Can multilingual coordination be done better in terms of efficacy/inclusivity.. etc? In making technologically advanced reports, are we excluding the technologically-not-so-advanced participants?)

Organisational Structure, Accredidation
The organisational structure of Wikiversity has been worked on since the beginnings of the project, though not always so consistently. I (Cormaggio) was made a bureaucrat on the first day of Wikiversity's existence, and I gave ‘sysop/admin’ (subsequently renamed "custodian") rights to a number of people, including most of the forming subcommittee, as well as (most) interested parties in the first few days. A process for creating custodians, based on mentorship and learning through experience, was developed on Custodianship, and has, in my view, been working quite well. (Point: To avoid this being based on my own perception, shouldn’t we have some sort of evaluation of this amongst the community?) On bureaucrats, discussion has moved between the Colloquium and Wikiversity talk:Bureaucratship about what bureaucrats are, what they should do, how many we should have, and how they are appointed – however, at the time of writing (14th January, 2007), Bureaucratship has not been developed at all.

Related pages: Bureaucratship, Custodianship, Organizing Wikiversity,

Some of the above organisational-based discussion have been around accreditation, whether this is a desirable option to pursue for Wikiversity, and how it could be managed. (See Wikihigh and Accreditation.) Further discussion has been around namespaces, how many we need, and how they are to be used. This has generated some confusion and frustration. (See Naming conventions, Namespaces, Namespaces/Proposals for new namespaces.)

There has been some discussion of potentially “biased” (or otherwise problematic) content on Wikiversity – notably on Science teaching materials for creationism. We have developed a perspective of “neutrality” which differs from that on Wikipedia (see w:WP:NPOV), on Disclosures. However, I do not feel we have been put to the test by any communities/groups/individuals with any explicit interests/ideologies. (Question; what will/can be done if materials from, say, a Nazi-ist perspective are added to Wikiversity?)

Research
Research guidelines have been developed collaboratively, and across language projects (at http://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Scope_of_research/En), but a complete and coherent picture of what should be permitted across all languages, or what should be done towards managing research has yet to emerge. On the English Wikiversity, for example, there are discussions of Peer review and a Review board. Research (see Research) is still the major outstanding issue to be resolved in becoming a fully-fledged sister project of the Wikimedia Foundation (as opposed to being in ‘beta’ phase).

Newcomers
Many newcomers have expressed confusion about what Wikiversity is, and what they can do with/in it – both on-wiki, or in private correspondence with me (and, presumably, others). Introductory material about Wikiversity is spread over a number of pages, including Main Page, Welcome, newcomers, Introduction, Guided tour, What is Wikiversity?, and About. There has been some work done to develop and clarify this material.

Identity
Defining the project’s identity has been an ongoing and open process since the beginning, with a logo vote on Meta (see Wikiversity/logo) and a contest to find and select a motto and slogan for the project (see Motto contest). There has been an attempt to document/write a history of Wikiversity (ie why/how it came to be) on History of Wikiversity, User:JWSchmidt/history, as well as on Wikipedia (Wikiversity). We still need, I think, to write the history of Wikiversity so far – as well as, of course, to continue to write it by developing Wikiversity! We also need to further refine the relationships and modus operandi between Wikiversity and other projects – particularly Wikibooks, as there is still a certain lack of clarity about the distinction between Wikiversity and Wikibooks - on both projects, it seems.

Further questions
I feel that, in addition to addressing the questions and points so far, as well as developing all of the mentioned pages, we should think about the larger issues that we face as a project. This would include the following questions:

 * What would it take to develop a community of learners, teachers, and/or researchers - both larger communities, and specific ones, around specific subjects?
 * What could/can be done - at the moment - to develop such communities?
 * What needs to be done to sustain these communities in the future?
 * How are we to determine if materials on Wikiversity are of any quality?
 * How can active learning be best facilitated on Wikiversity? (or any wiki?)
 * How can we make it easier for newly-arrived people to get involved - both as learners and educators?
 * ... (please add to this list)

Final comment (for now)
This is, as I said, a personal and brief analysis of Wikiversity – based on what I have seen, rather than being a comprehensive, and systematic survey of the entire site. Any of the above topics could and should be the topic of further, deeper inquiry/reflection, and this can be done by anyone reading this. In general, I think, we may have to think of ways for all of us to begin to reflect on, or analyse our own work, the work of others, and the context of this work (ie. involving some sort of look at the state of Wikiversity, or our own particular ‘patches’ of it). How we do this, or even how we could invite commentary/analysis from other people (eg. learners/educators) is something that hasn’t yet been very well-developed, but it is certainly something that I think (and it seems that some others agree) could be very useful and productive – both in developing Wikiversity, and our own understanding of ourselves within it.

Cormaggio talk 00:37, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity:Reports/15 January 2007


text:
Talk:Amaury García (footballer)

Requested move 17 May 2022

The result of the move request was: moved. —usernamekiran (talk) 13:59, 27 May 2022 (UTC)

Amaury García Moreno → Amaury García (footballer) – WP:COMMONNAME Joeykai (talk) 01:13, 17 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Support, and also move Amaury García to Amaury García (baseball), and create DAB at base name.--Ortizesp (talk) 01:43, 17 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of association football-related page moves. GiantSnowman 19:01, 17 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Support per Ortizesp, including move of base to create dab. GiantSnowman 19:03, 17 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Support this nom. RedPatch (talk) 01:28, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Support, per nominator. Pika voom  Talk 06:13, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Amaury García (footballer)


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User:Lovely Nany Scandy/sandbox

Lovely Nany Scandy is a artist and playback singer and Musician Italic textLovely Nany scandy

title: User:Lovely Nany Scandy/sandbox


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USA-117

USA-117, also known as GPS IIA-16, GPS II-25 and GPS SVN-33, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the sixteenth of nineteen Block IIA GPS satellites to be launched.

Background
Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clock navigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55.0°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.

GPS Block 2 was the operational system, following the demonstration system composed of Block 1 (Navstar 1 - 11) spacecraft. These spacecraft were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solar arrays supplied 710 watts of power. They used S-band (SGLS) communications for control and telemetry and Ultra high frequency (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. The payload consisted of two L-band navigation signals at 1575.42 MHz (L1) and 1227.60 MHz (L2). Each spacecraft carried 2 rubidium and 2 Cesium clocks and nuclear detonation detection sensors. Built by Rockwell Space Systems for the U.S. Air force, the spacecraft measured 5.3 m across with solar panels deployed and had a design life of 7.5 years.

Launch
USA-117 was launched at 00:21:00 UTC on 28 March 1996, atop a Delta II launch vehicle, flight number D234, flying in the 7925-9.5 configuration. The launch took place from Launch Complex 17B (LC-17B) at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), and placed USA-117 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37XFP apogee motor.

Mission
On 27 April 1996, USA-117 was in an orbit with a perigee of 20078 km, an apogee of 20282 km, a period of 718.00 minutes, and 54.70° of inclination to the equator. It broadcasts the PRN 03 signal, and operates in slot 2 of plane C of the GPS constellation. The satellite has a mass of 840 kg. It had a design life of 7.5 years; however, it actually remained in service until 2 August 2014.

It was subsequently disposed of and currently resides in a disposal orbit approximately 500 km above the operational constellation.

title: USA-117


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English in Use/Orthography

Letters
A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z.

The names of the letters, as now commonly spoken and written in American English, are: Ay, Bee, Cee, Dee, Ee, Ef, Gee, Aitch, Eye, Jay, Kay, El, Em, En, Oh, Pee, Kew, Ar, Es, Tee, You, Vee, Double-You, Ecks, Why, Zee (or Zed in British English).

A vowel is a letter which forms a perfect sound when pronounced alone. The vowels are a, e, i, o, u, partly w and sometimes y. All the other letters are consonants.

A consonant is a letter which cannot be perfectly pronounced until joined to a vowel. B, c, and d. W and y are consonants when they precede a vowel heard in the same syllable, as in wine, twine, whine, year, yet, and youth; in all other cases, these letters are vowels, as in Yssel, Ystadt, yttria, newly, dewy, and eyebrow.

A semivowel is a consonant which can be imperfectly sounded without a vowel, so that at the end of a syllable its sound may be protracted; for example, l, n, and z, in al, an, and az. The semivowels are: f, h, j, l, m, n, r, s, v, w, x, y, z, and soft c and g; but w or y at the end of a syllable are vowels, and the sounds of c, f, g, h, j, s, and x can be protracted only as an aspirate, or strong breath.

Four of the semivowels—l, m, n, and r—are termed liquids, on account of the fluency of their sounds; and four others—v, w, y, and z—are likewise more vocal than the aspirates.

A mute is a consonant which cannot be sounded at all without a vowel, and which at the end of a syllable suddenly stops the breath; for example, k, p, and t, in ak, ap, and at. The mutes are eight: b, d, k, p, q, t, and hard c and g; three of these—k, q, and hard c—sound exactly alike, and b, d, and hard g stop the voice less suddenly than the rest.

Powers of the letters
The powers of the letters are those elementary sounds which their figures are used to represent. The simple elementary sounds of any language are few, commonly not more than thirty-six. Different vowel sounds are produced by opening the mouth differently, and placing the tongue in a peculiar manner for each; but the voice may vary in loudness, pitch, or time, and still utter the same vowel.

The vowel sounds are those which are heard at the beginning of the following words: ate, at, ah, all, eel, ell, isle, ill, old, on, ooze, use, us, and that of u in bull. Let us note them as plainly as possible: eigh, ~a, ah, awe, ~eh, ~e, eye, ~i, oh, ~o, oo, yew, ~u, and u. ~a is a sound generally given to the word a: as,

 * "Twice a day."

In the formation of syllables, some of these fourteen primary sounds may be joined together, as in ay, oil, out, owl. These essential sounds may be changed into a series of words by f: as, fate, fat, far, fall, feel, fell, file, fill, fold, fond, fool, fuse, fuss, full. Again, into as many with p: as, pate, pat, par, pall, peel, pell, pile, pill, pole, pond, pool, pule, purl, pull. The eight long sounds, eigh, ah, awe, eh, eye, oh, ooh, yew, may be words; but the short vowel sounds, as in at, et, it, ot, ut, put, are commonly heard only in connection with consonants.

The simple consonant sounds are twenty-two: b, d, f, g hard, h, k, l, m, n, ng, p, r, s, sh, t, th sharp, th flat, v, w, y, z, and zh. Zh is written only to show the sound of other letters: as of s in pleasure, or z in azure.

All these sounds are heard in the following words: buy, die, fie, guy, high, kie, lie, my, nigh, eying, pie, rye, sigh, shy, tie, thigh, thy, vie, we, ye, zebra, seizure. Most of them may be repeated in the same word or syllable: as, bibber, diddle, fifty, giggle, high-hung, cackle, lily, mimic, ninny, singing, pippin, mirror, hissest, flesh-brush, tittle, thither, vivid, witwal, union, dizzies, vision.

The consonants j and x represent complex sounds; hence they are never doubled. J is equivalent to dzh; and x, either to ks or to gz. The former ends no English word, and the latter begins none. To the initial z of foreign words, we always give the simple sound of z: as in Xerxes, xebec.

The consonants c and q have no sounds peculiar to themselves. Q has always the power of k. C is hard, like k, before a, o, and u; and soft, like s, before e, i, and y. Thus the syllables, ca, ce, ci, co, cu, cy, are pronounced, ka, se, si, ko, ku, sy. S before c preserves the former sound, but coalesces with the latter. Hence the syllables, sca, sce, sci, sco, scu, scy, are sounded, ska, se, si, sko, sku, sy. Ce and ci have sometimes the sound of sh: as, ocean, social. Ch commonly represents the compound sound of tsh: as in church.

G, as well as c, has different sounds before different vowels. G is always hard, or guttural, before a, o, and u; and generally soft, like j, before e, i, or y. Thus the syllables, ga, ge, gi, go, gu, gy, are pronounced ga, je, ji, go, gu, jy.

Forms of the letters
In printed books, the Roman characters are generally employed; sometimes, the italic. In handwriting, script letters are used.

Characters of different sorts or sizes should never be needlessly mixed; because facility of reading, as well as the beauty of a book, depends much on the regularity of its letters.

Italics are chiefly used to distinguish emphatic or remarkable words: in the Bible, they show what words were supplied by the translators.

In manuscripts, a single line drawn under a word is meant for Italics; a double line, for bold or small capitals.

Small letters constitute the body of every word; and capitals are used for the sake of eminence and distinction. Showbills, painted signs, and short inscriptions, commonly appear best in full capitals. Some of these are so copied in books: as,

 * "I found an altar with this inscription, TO THE UNKNOWN GOD."—Acts, xvii, 23.
 * "And they set up over his head, his accusation written, THIS IS JESUS, THE KING OF THE JEWS."—Matt., xxvii, 37.

Capitals
When particular books are mentioned by their names, the chief words in their titles begin with capitals, and the other letters are small: as,

 * "Pope's Essay on Man,"
 * "The Book of Common Prayer,"
 * "The Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments."

The first word of every distinct sentence, or of any clause separately numbered or paragraphed, should begin with a capital: as,

 * "Rejoice evermore. Pray without ceasing. In everything give thanks: for this is the will of God in Christ Jesus concerning you. Quench not the Spirit. Despise not prophesyings. Prove all things: hold fast that which is good."—1 Thess., v, 16—21.
 * "14. He has given his assent to their acts of pretended legislation: 15. For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: 16. For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for murders: 17. For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world: 18. For imposing taxes on us without our consent."—Declaration of American Independence.

All names of the deity, and sometimes their emphatic substitutes, should begin with capitals: as, God, Jehovah, the Almighty, the Supreme Being, Divine Providence, the Messiah, the Comforter, the Father, the Son, the Holy Spirit, the Lord of Sabaoth.

 * "The hope of my spirit turns trembling to You."—Moore.

Proper names, of every description, should always begin with capitals: as, Saul of Tarsus, Simon Peter, Judas Iscariot, England, London, the Strand, the Thames, the Pyrenees, the Vatican, the Greeks, the Argo and the Argonauts.

Titles of office or honour, and epithets of distinction, applied to persons, begin usually with capitals: as, His Majesty William the Fourth, Chief Justice Marshall, Sir Matthew Hale, Dr. Johnson, the Rev. Dr. Chalmers, Lewis the Bold, Charles the Second, James the Less, St. Bartholomew, Pliny the Younger, Noah Webster, Jun., Esq.

Those compound proper names which by analogy incline to a union of their parts without a hyphen, should be so written, and have but one capital: as, Eastport, Eastville, Westborough, Westfield, Westtown, Whitehall, Whitechurch, Whitehaven, Whiteplains, Mountmellick, Mountpleasant, Germantown, Germanflats, Blackrock, Redhook, Kinderhook, Newfoundland, Statenland, Newcastle, Northcastle, Southbridge, Fairhaven, Dekalb, Deruyter, Lafayette, Macpherson.

The compounding of a name under one capital should be avoided when the general analogy of other similar terms suggests a separation under two: as,

 * "The chief mountains of Ross-shire are Ben Chat, Benchasker, Ben Golich, Ben Nore, Ben Foskarg, and Ben Wyvis."—Glasgow Geog., Vol. ii, p. 311.

Write Ben Chasker.

When the word East, West, North, or South, as part of a name, denotes relative position, or when the word New distinguishes a place by contrast, we have generally separate words and two capitals: as, East Greenwich, West Greenwich, North Bridgewater, South Bridgewater, New Jersey, New Hampshire.

When any adjective or common noun is made a distinct part of a compound proper name, it ought to begin with a capital: as, the United States, the Argentine Republic, the Peak of Teneriffe, the Blue Ridge, the Little Pedee, Long Island, Jersey City, Lower Canada, Green Bay, Gretna Green, Land's End, the Gold Coast.

When a common and a proper name are associated merely to explain each other, it is in general sufficient, if the proper name begin with a capital, and the appellative, with a small letter: as, the prophet Elisha, Matthew the publican, the brook Cherith, the river Euphrates, the Ohio river, Warren county, Flatbush village, New York city.

The name of an object personified, when it conveys an idea strictly individual, should begin with a capital: as,

 * "On this, Fancy began again to bestir herself."—Addison.
 * "Come, gentle Spring, ethereal mildness, come."—Thomson.

Words derived from proper names, and having direct reference to particular persons, places, sects, or nations, should begin with capitals: as, Kurdish, Platonic, Newtonian, Greek, Roman, Italic, or Italian, German, or Germanic, Swedish, Turkish, Chinese, Genoese, French, Dutch, Scotch, Welsh: so, perhaps, to Platonize, to Grecize, to Romanize, to Italicize, to Latinize, or to Frenchify.

The words I and O should always be capitals: as,

 * "Praise the Lord, O Jerusalem; praise your God, O Zion."—Psalm cxlvii.
 * "O wretched man that I am!"
 * "For that which I do, I allow not: for what I would, that do I not; but what I hate, that do I."—Rom., vii, 24 and 15.

Every line in poetry, except what is regarded as making but one verse with the line preceding, should begin with a capital: as,

 * "Our sons their fathers' failing language see, And such as Chaucer is, shall Dryden be."—Pope.

Of the exception, some editions of the Psalms in Metre are full of examples: as,

 * "Happy the man whose tender care relieves the poor distressed! When troubles compass him around, the Lord shall give him rest."—Psalms with Com. Prayer, N. Y., 1819, Ps. xli.

The first word of a full example, of a distinct speech, or of a direct quotation, should begin with a capital: as,

 * "Remember this maxim: 'Know yourself.'"
 * "Virgil says, 'Labour conquers all things.'"
 * "Jesus answered them, Is it not written in your law, I said, You are gods?"—John, x, 34.
 * "You know the commandments, Do not commit adultery, Do not kill, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Honour your father and your mother."—Luke, xviii, 20.

Other words of particular importance, and such as denote the principal subjects treated of, may be distinguished by capitals; and names subscribed frequently have capitals throughout: as,

 * "In its application to the Executive, with reference to the Legislative branch of the Government, the same rule of action should make the President ever anxious to avoid the exercise of any discretionary authority which can be regulated by Congress."—Andrew Jackson, 1835.

Capitals are improper wherever there is not some special rule or reason for their use: as,

 * "Many a Noble Genius is lost for want of Education. Which would then be Much More Liberal. As it was when the Church Enjoyed her Possessions. And Learning was, in the Dark Ages, Preserved almost only among the Clergy."—Charles Leslie, 1700; Divine Right of Tythes, p. 228.

Compounds
Words regularly or analogically united, and commonly known as forming a compound, should never be needlessly broken apart. Thus, steamboat, railroad, red-hot, well-being, new-coined, are preferable to steam boat, rail road, red hot, well being, new coined.

Simples
When the simple words would form a regular phrase, the compounding of any of them ought to be avoided: as, in lieu of, in place of, in room of.

The sense
Words otherwise liable to be misunderstood, must be joined together or written separately, as the sense and construction may happen to require. Thus, a glass house is a house made of glass, but a glasshouse is a house in which glass is made.

Ellipsis
When two or more compounds are connected in one sentence, none of them should be split to make an ellipsis of half a word. Thus, six or seventeen should not be said for sixteen or seventeen; nor ought we to say, calf, goat, and sheepskins for calfskins, goatskins, and sheepskins. In the latter instance, however, it might be right to separate all the words: as,

 * "Soup, coffee, and tea houses."—Liberator, x, 40.

Hyphen
When the parts of a compound do not fully coalesce, or when each retains its original accent, as first-born, hanger-on, laughter-loving, garlic-eater, butterfly-shell, the hyphen should be inserted between them.

No hyphen
When a compound has but one accented syllable, as watchword, statesman, gentleman, and the parts are such as admit of a complete coalescence, no hyphen should be inserted between them: as,

 * "The practical instruction of the countinghouse imparts a more thorough knowledge of bookkeeping, than all the fictitious transactions of a mere schoolbook, however carefully constructed to suit particular purposes."—New Gram., p. vii.

Final f, l, or s
Monosyllables ending in f, l, or s, preceded by a single vowel, double the final consonant: as, staff, mill, pass, muff, knell, gloss, off, hiss, puss.

The words clef, if, and of, are written with single f; as, gas, has, was, yes, his, is, this, us, pus, and thus, with single s; and bul, nul, sol, and sal, with single l.

Other finals
Words ending in any other consonant than f, l, or s, do not double the final letter: as, mob, nod, dog, sum, sun, cup, cur, cut, fix, whiz, ab, ad, jag, rag, in, bur, but.

We double the consonant in abb, ebb, add, odd, egg, jagg, ragg, inn, err, burr, purr, butt, buzz, fuzz, yarr, and some proper names.

Doubling before additional syllable
Monosyllables, and words accented on the last syllable, when they end with a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, or by a vowel after qu, double their final consonant before an additional syllable that begins with a vowel: as, rob, robbed, robber; fop, foppish, foppery; squat, squatter, squatting; thin, thinner, thinnest; swim, swimmer, swimming; commit, committing, committed, committer, committees; acquit, acquittal, acquittance, acquitted, acquitting.

X final, being equivalent to ks, is never doubled: thus, from mix, we have mixed, mixing, and mixer.

When the derivative retains not the accent of the root, the final consonant is not always doubled: as, prefer', pref'erence, pref'erable; refer', ref'erence, ref'erable, or refer'rible; infer', in'ference, in'ferable, or infer'rible; transfer', a trans'fer, trans'ferable, or transfer'rible.

But letters doubled in Latin, are usually doubled in English, without regard to accent, or to any other principle: as, Britain, Britan'nic, Britannia; appeal, appel'lant; argil, argil'laus, argilla'ceous; cavil, cav'illous, cavilla'tion; excel', ex'cellent, ex'cellence; inflame', inflam'mable, inflamma'tion.

No doubling before additional syllable
A final consonant, when it is not preceded by a single vowel, or when the accent is not on the last syllable, should remain single before an additional syllable: as, toil, toiling; oil, oily; visit, visited; differ, differing; peril, perilous; viol, violist; real, realize, realist; dial, dialing, dialist; equal, equalize, equality; vitriol, vitriolic, vitriolate.

The final l of words ending in el, must be doubled before another vowel, lest the power of the e be mistaken, and a syllable be lost: as, travel, traveller; duel, duellist; revel, revelling; gravel, gravelly; marvel, marvellous. Yet the word parallel, having three l-s already, conforms to the rule in forming its derivatives: as, paralleling, paralleled, and unparalleled.

Contrary to the preceding rule, the preterits, participles, and derivative nouns, of the few verbs ending in al, il, or ol, unaccented,—namely, equal, rival, vial, marshal, victual, cavil, pencil, carol, gambol, and pistol,—are usually allowed to double the l, though some dissent from the practice: as, equalled, equalling; rivalled, rivalling; cavilled, cavilling, caviller; carolled, carolling, caroller.

When ly follows l, we have two Ells of course, but in fact no doubling: as, real, really; oral, orally; cruel, cruelly; civil, civilly; cool, coolly; wool, woolly.

Compounds, though they often remove the principal accent from the point of duplication, always retain the double letter: as, wit'snapper, kid'napper, grass'hopper, duck'-legged, spur'galled, hot'spurred, broad'-brimmed, hare'-lipped, half-witted. So, compromitted and manumitted; but benefited is different.

Final ck
Monosyllables and English verbs end not with c, but take ck for double c: as, rack, wreck, rock, attack: but, in general, words derived from the learned languages need not the k, and common use discards it: as, Italic, maniac, music, public.

The words arc, orc, lac, sac, and soc, are ended with c only. Zinc is, perhaps, better spelled zink; marc, mark; disc, disk; and talc, talck.

Words ending with a double letter
Words ending with any double letter, preserve it double before any additional termination, not beginning with the same letter: as in the following derivatives: ''wooer, seeing, blissful, oddly, gruffly, equally, shelly, hilly, stiffness, illness, stillness, shrillness, fellness, smallness, drollness, freeness, grassless, passless, carelessness, recklessness, embarrassment, enfeoffment, agreement, agreeable''.

Certain irregular derivatives in d or t, from verbs ending in ee, ll, or ss, as fled from flee, sold from sell, told from tell, dwelt from dwell, spelt from spell, spilt from spill, blest from bless, past from pass, are exceptions to the foregoing rule.

If the word pontiff is properly spelled with two f-s, its eight derivatives are also exceptions to this rule; for they are severally spelled with one: as, pontific, pontifical, pontificate, etc.

The words skillful, skillfully, willful, willfully, chillness, tallness, dullness, and fullness, have generally been allowed to drop the second l, though all of them might well be made to conform to the general rule, agreeably to the orthography of Webster.

Words ending with any double letter, preserve it double in all derivatives formed from them by means of prefixes: as, see, foresee; feoff, enfeoff; pass, repass; press, depress; miss, amiss; call, recall; stall, forestall; thrall, inthrall; spell, misspell; tell, foretell; sell, undersell; add, superadd; snuff, besnuff; swell, overswell.

Final ll
Final ll is peculiar to monosyllables and their compounds, with the few derivatives formed from such roots by prefixes; consequently, all other words that end in l, must be terminated with a single l: as, cabal, logical, appal, excel, rebel, refel, dispel, extol, control, mogul, jackal, rascal, damsel, handsel, tinsel, tendril, tranquil, gambol, consul.

Final e
The final e of a primitive word, when this letter is mute or obscure, is generally omitted before an additional termination beginning with a vowel: as, remove, removal; rate, ratable; force, forcible; true, truism; rave, raving; sue, suing; eye, eying; idle, idling; centre, centring.

Words ending in ce or ge, retain the e before able or ous, to preserve the soft sounds of c and g: as, trace, traceable; change, changeable; outrage, outrageous.

So, from shoe, we write shoeing, to preserve the sound of the root; from hoe, hoeing, by apparent analogy; and, from singe, singeing; from swinge, swingeing; from tinge, tingeing; that they may not be confounded with singing, swinging, and tinging.

To compounds and prefixes, as firearms, forearm, anteact, viceagent, the rule does not apply; and final ee remains double, as in disagreeable, disagreeing.

The final e of a primitive word is generally retained before an additional termination beginning with a consonant: as, pale, paleness; edge, edgeless; judge, judgeship; lodge, lodgement; change, changeful; infringe, infringement.

When the e is preceded by a vowel, it is sometimes omitted: as in duly, truly, awful, argument; but much more frequently retained: as in dueness, trueness, blueness, bluely, rueful, dueful, shoeless, eyeless.

The word wholly is also an exception to the rule, for nobody writes it wholely.

Some will have judgment, abridgment, and acknowledgment, to be irreclaimable exceptions; but on the authority of Lowth, Beattie, Ainsworth, Walker, Cobb, Chalmers and others, they retain e.

Final y preceded by a consonant
The final y of a primitive word, when preceded by a consonant, is generally changed into i before an additional termination: as, merry, merrier, merriest, merrily, merriment; pity, pitied, pities, pitiest, pitiless, pitiful, pitiable; contrary, contrariness, contrarily.

This rule applies to derivatives, but not to compounds: thus, we write merciful, and mercy-seat; penniless, and pennyworth; scurviness, and scurvy-grass; etc. But ladyship and goodyship, being unlike secretariship and suretiship; handicraft and handiwork, unlike handygripe and handystroke; babyship and babyhood, unlike stateliness and likelihood''; the distinction between derivatives and compounds, we see, is too nice a point to have been always accurately observed.

Before ing or ish, the y is retained to prevent the doubling of i: as, pity, pitying; baby, babyish.

Words ending in ie, dropping the e, change the i into y, for the same reason: as, die, dying; vie, vying; lie, lying.

Final y preceded by a vowel
The final y of a primitive word, when preceded by a vowel, should not be changed into i before any additional termination: as, day, days; key, keys; guy, guys; valley, valleys; coy, coyly; cloy, cloys, cloyed; boy, boyish, boyhood; annoy, annoyer, annoyance; joy, joyless, joyful.

From lay, pay, say, and stay, are formed laid, paid, said, and staid; but the regular words, layed, payed, stayed, are sometimes used.

Raiment, contracted from arrayment, is never written with the y. Daily is more common than the regular form dayly; but gayly, gayety, and gayness, are justly superseding gaily and gaiety.

Ize and ise
Words ending in ize or ise, as wise and size, generally take the z in all such as are essentially formed by means of the termination; and the s in monosyllables, and in all such as are essentially formed by means of prefixes: gormandize, apologize, brutalize, canonize, pilgrimize, philosophize, cauterize, anathematize, sympathize, disorganize, with z; rise, arise, disguise, advise, devise, supervise, circumcise, despise, surmise, surprise, comprise, compromise, enterprise, presurmise, with s. In Commonwealth English spelling, words ending in ize may also be written with ise, such as organise, realise and recognise.

Advertise, catechise, chastise, criticise, exercise, exorcise, and merchandise are most commonly written with s and size, assize, capsize, analyze, overprize, detonize, and recognize, with z.

Prise, a thing taken, and prize, to esteem; apprise, to inform, and apprize, to value, or appraise, are often written either way, without this distinction of meaning, which some wish to establish. The want of the foregoing rule has also made many words variable, which ought, unquestionably, to conform to the general principle.

Compounds
Compounds generally retain the orthography of the simple words which compose them: as, wherein, horseman, uphill, shellfish, knee-deep, kneedgrass, kneading-trough, innkeeper, skylight, plumtree, mandrill.

In permanent compounds, or in any derivatives of which, they are not the roots, the words full and all drop one l: as, handful, careful, fulfil, always, although, withal; in temporary compounds, they retain both: as, full-eyed, chock-full, all-wise, save-all.

So the prefix mis, (if from miss, to err,) drops one s; but it is wrong to drop them both, as in Johnson's mispell and mispend, for misspell and misspend.

In the names of days, the word mass also drops one s: as, Christmas, Candlemas, Lammas.

The possessive case often drops the apostrophe: as herdsman, kitesfoot.

One letter is dropped, if three of the same kind come together: as, Rosshire, chaffinch; or else a hyphen is used: as, Ross-shire, ill-looking, still-life.

Chilblain, welcome, and welfare, drop one l.

Pastime drops an s.

Shepherd, wherever, and whosever, drop an e; and wherefore and therefore assume one.

Usage
Any word for the spelling of which we have no rule but usage, is written wrong if not spelled according to the usage which is most common among the learned: as,

 * "The brewer grinds his malt before he brues his beer."—Red Book, p. 38.

Figures of Orthography
A figure of orthography is an intentional deviation from the ordinary or true spelling of a word.

Mimesis
Mimesis is a ludicrous imitation of some mistake or mispronunciation of a word, in which the error is mimicked by a false spelling, or the taking of one word for another: as,

 * "Maister, says he, have you any wery good weal in you vallet?"—Columbian Orator, p. 292.
 * "Ay, he was porn at Monmouth, captain Gower."—Shak.
 * "I will description the matter to you, if you be capacity of it."—Id.
 * "Perdigious! I can hardly stand."—Lloyd: Brit. Poets, Vol. viii, p. 184.

Archaism
An archaism is a word or phrase expressed according to ancient usage, and not according to our modern orthography: as,

 * "Newe grene chese of smalle clammynes comfortethe a hotte stomake."—T. Paynel: Tooke's Diversions, ii, 132.
 * "He hath holpen his servant Israel."—Luke, i, 54.
 * "With him was reverend contemplation pight, bow-bent with eld, his beard of snowy hue."—Beattie.

Figures of Etymology
A figure of etymology is an intentional deviation from the ordinary formation of a word.

Aphaeresis
Aphaeresis is the elision of some of the initial letters of a word: as, 'gainst, for against; 'gan, for began; 'neath, for beneath; 'thout, for without.

Prosthesis
Prosthesis is the prefixing of an expletive syllable to a word: as, adown, for down; appaid, for paid; bestrown, for strown; evanished, for vanished; yclad, for clad.

Syncope
Syncope is the elision of some of the middle letters of a word: as, med'cine, for medicine; e'en, for even; o'er, for over; conq'ring, for conquering; se'nnight, for sevennight.

Apocope
Apocope is the elision of some of the final letters of a word: as, tho' for though; th', for the; t'other, for the other; thro', for through.

Paragoge
Paragoge is the annexing of an expletive syllable to a word: as, Johnny, for John; deary, for dear; withouten, for without.

Diaeresis
Diaeresis is the separating of two vowels that might be supposed to form a diphthong: as, coöperate, not cooperate; aëronaut, not aeronaut; orthoëpy, not orthoepy. This used to be common in English but is now rare.

Synaeresis
Synaeresis is the sinking of two syllables into one: as, seest, for seest; tacked, for tack-ed; drowned, for drown-ed; 'tis, for it is; I'll, for I will.

Tmesis
Tmesis is the inserting of a word between the parts of a compound, or between two words which should be united if they stood together: as,

 * "On which side soever."—Rolla.
 * "To us ward."
 * "To God ward."—Bible.
 * "The assembling of ourselves together."—Id.
 * "With what charms soever she will."—Cowper.
 * "So new a fashioned robe."—Shak.
 * "Lament the live day long."—Burns.

title: English in Use/Orthography


text:
Filippovsky, Altai Krai

Filippovsky (Филипповский) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Filippovsky Selsoviet, Kamensky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 315 as of 2013. There are 4 streets.

Geography
Filippovsky is situated approximately 55 kilometers southwest of Kamen-na-Obi (the district's administrative centre) by road. The closest rural locality to Filippovsky is Zelyonaya Dubrava.

title: Filippovsky, Altai Krai


text:
Phallostethus cuulong

Phallostethus cuulong is a species of fish in the family Phallostethidae. It was discovered in 2009 and described in 2012. This species is found at depths of 0.5 to 3.5 m in tidal canals on the Mekong Delta. This species attains about 25 mm in standard length and is translucent white. Males have their gonads under the chin – along with a serrated saw and rod for grasping females. The name cuulong is from the Vietnamese name of the river system where they are found, Cửu Long River.

title: Phallostethus cuulong


text:
Wikipedia talk:Wikipedia Signpost/2006-03-13/Features and admins

I am Co-chair of the Sponsorship Committee at LA County DMH Hosted-8th Annual Multicultural Conference on April 26 & 27, 2006. We welcome your participation as “table vendor”, “program book ads”, “raffle donation items” or gift cards/small item to be placed inside each tote bag. The presence of your company will be a productive, inspirational positive feature, which allows you an opportunity to communicate with over 900 County employees at the Wilshire Grand Hotel in Los Angeles. Please respond prior to our April 1st deadline.


text:
CisLunarFreighter/Open source tools

Scriptwriting

 * OpenOffice

StoryBoarding

 * GIMP - Graphics Image Manipulation Program is useful for a wide variety of graphics image tasks including creating tilesets and sprites, translating file formats, and creating background and foreground stills and masks.
 * Inkscape

PDF File Creation

 * OpenOffice - A productivity desktop suite. Contains word processor which will create and export a pdf file.  Useful for storyboarding.  One file contains all pictures and text.

Modeling

 * Art of Illusion - An easy to learn powerful 3D modeling and animation environment. There are few import/export paths for this program but it is written in Java with an extensible object oriented framework.  Probably worth reading the code for graphical programming techniques and possibly classes.
 * Blender_(software) - A 3D modeling and animation suite with additional capabilities to support game programming. It has been confirmed that blender will import 3ds files.  Exporting from a now out dated version of 3DSMax to 3ds and imported into Blender3D has been accomplished successfully.  An external introduction to blender set of video tutorials..  Wikibooks has several online books on Blender.Blender
 * Make Human - Allow for quick and detailed modeling humans.

Sound Clip/Track Editing

 * Audacity - An open source sound processing tool.

Still Art Editing/Creation

 * GIMP
 * Inkscape - An open source illustration program.

Game Engines/Tools

 * Arianne - An open source 2D massive multiplayer online role playing game engine.
 * HiperGL - Game Framework - Framework for hardware accelerated 2D graphics.
 * Crystalspace3d - a 3d game engine
 * ImageJ - Written in Java this is an image processor focused on Scientific processing. It may also be useful for lifting techniques for graphics programming using the Java standard library.
 * Panda3D - A BSD-licenced 3D graphics and game engine.

Code version/build/test/programming tools

 * Ant - A build and test automation tool.  Has worked well so far with Beans and jFreeRails and ImageJ.  Well worth someone learning to package our distribution effectively.
 * ArgoUML - An open source UML editor. I have seen it alleged that this does not yet implement the full UML specification.  Anybody who can illuminate us please do so here.
 * Beans IDE - This is a very sophisticated and so far robust integrated development environment. It works well with ANT.  I have successfully compiled and tested ImageJ and jFreerails using the build xml files that came with them.
 * JVM - The Java Virtual Machine platform runs on most desktop or better hardware, making it ideal for widespread distribution of our applets.

 * 3D No Plugin - Uses Java and python to display 3D models online without plugins. A little slow. Useful for model evaluation

Information available at other projects
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephants_Dream This article on the FOSS short creation process  has a list of tools used within the project.

title: CisLunarFreighter/Open source tools


text:
Talk:Hotcakes (album)

Fair use rationale for Image:Carly Simon - Hotcakes.jpg
Image:Carly Simon - Hotcakes.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:05, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Carly Simon - Hotcakes.jpg
Image:Carly Simon - Hotcakes.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 04:58, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Personnel
Personnel is lacking; compared to excellent job done on previous album's article. Dogru144 (talk) 02:36, 26 September 2008 (UTC)

Best-selling?
'Hotcakes became one of Simon's biggest selling albums.' Yeah, how big exactly? One of two, one of five, one of ten or perhaps one of hundred biggest? It's so ambiguous to claim one-of-something like this. Isn't these the so-called weasel words? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:25, 6 September 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Hotcakes (album). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130225031458/http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS to http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=%22Simon%2C+Carly%22&format=Album&go=Search&perPage=25

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:27, 5 April 2017 (UTC)

"gleamingly white kitchen"
Back in 2006, an IP contribution from NYC contained a bunch of unreferenced, flowery, descriptive text along with personal opinions. Here's the text:
 * "...as well as many other songs that reflected Simon's upbeat beat mood during her pregnancy with her first child. On the album cover, Simon sits in a gleamingly white kitchen, robustly pregnant, smiling brightly and wearing a somewhat bohemian white linen dress. It is a portrait of emancipated, domestic bliss that perfectly matches the album's music. Pop music seldom sounded as intelligent, catchy and playful as this."

I removed much of this stuff, adding instead a summary of the observations made by Bill Schnee in his 2021 book.

After my removal, someone from the Louisiana Delta has been restoring the flowery prose including "gleamingly white kitchen". I don't think it's appropriate. It's unencyclopedic, and its original source was so compromised with violations of WP:No original research. Binksternet (talk) 15:34, 11 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hotcakes (album)


text:
Talk:Radiation Oncology

This book was born on: September 8, 2004.

Instructions for Authors
See a list of standards for this wikibook.

Template Usage

 * Template for Table of Contents
 * Prior versions used . The above version, which uses the Template namespace (Template/Radiation Oncology:TOC) is preferred.

 * Add link to edit a template
 * where page name is the module name alone without the name space, such that http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radiation_Oncology:Introduction would be Introduction.
 * where text is the text you want to appear after the word Edit in the box, such as "Edit this", or "Edit Table of Contents"
 * —Brim 01:35, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Listing of templates
To see a list of templates used in the Radiation Oncology wiki, use this link.
 * Note: older templates used the naming scheme Radiation Oncology/subject:TOC or Radiation Oncology/subject/TOC. Not all have been moved to the Template namespace.

A partial listing of older templates is below:

Note: all are preceded by a colon, e.g.
 * Radiation Oncology:TOC - general table of contents header
 * Radiation Oncology:Colorectal_staging - common staging used for colon/rectum/small bowel
 * Radiation Oncology/Head & Neck/Node staging
 * Radiation Oncology/Head & Neck/Stage grouping

Sections with table of contents templates:
 * Radiation Oncology/Prostate:TOC - table of contents header for prostate
 * Radiation Oncology/Breast:TOC
 * Radiation Oncology/NHL:TOC - Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
 * Radiation Oncology/Hodgkin/TOC - Hodgkin's lymphoma
 * Radiation Oncology/Lung/NSCLC:TOC - Non-small cell lung
 * Radiation Oncology/Lung/SCLC:TOC - Small cell lung
 * Radiation Oncology/Thyroid:TOC - Thyroid

It's suggested that you add the link   to the top of a main page for a section (i.e. Prostate) that has subpages that use a table of contents template specific for that section. This will allow easy editing of the table of contents bar so it can be kept in sync with the section main page.

To make creating table of contents pages for subpages easier, you can copy fill-in-the-blank templates using the substitute command subst:.
 * For the main page for a section, use
 * For the table of contents bar for a section, use

 * Example:

Let's say you wanted to create a section called "Earlobe tumors" which was large enough that you needed multiple subpages.
 * 1) Create the page "Radiation Oncology/Earlobe tumors".
 * 2) Type   and save the page.
 * 3) Edit the page, replacing the ___INSERT TEXT HERE___ as appropriate, create the subsections that you would like, and save the page.
 * 4) Now edit the table of contents bar for this section (Radiation Oncology/Earlobe tumors:TOC), which you can do by following the link "edit the ___ table of contents bar."
 * 5) Type   and save the page.
 * 6) Edit the page.

Talk section
Brim,

Hope here.

Just wondering if you mind significant contributions... I already have a WikiWiki internally that has a large quantity of site-specific information, which I've been updating for ~1 year. It's not advertised and WikiBooks might be the way to go for a generalized resource. Any concerns about merging the two over time?

Also, what is the goal of this Wiki? Comprehensive text with everything (a la Perez) or more focused on specifics relating to evidence based treatment?

Hope

 * Hi Hope. Welcome aboard and thank you for your contributions so far to the Radiation Oncology Wikibook.

Ideally and eventually this should be a comprehensive text, but the main goal is ease of use. I'd rather the text be easy to read (bullet points) rather than have lengthy paragraphs, so in that regard it would be different from major print textbooks.

Really I see its main utility as being a repository of important radiation oncology articles, which would make it useful as a study guide for boards. I think it's important to give full citations for all articles mentioned. Now Wikipedia and Wikibooks both support links to PubMed by using the syntax  PMID 12829145  which produces the result PMID 12829145. I've been inconsistent with how I've been formatting articles, but you can look some of the chapters in the book to see in general how I've been formatting them. Once the book grows, there should probably be some policy on a recommended format.

In addition to listing the results of key articles, I would eventually like it to include treatment recommendations (i.e. how to treat advanced breast cancer) and radiation techniques (with pictures). I've also put Radiation Biology and Radiation Physics on the table of contents listing so that they may also be added at some time.

Since the project is still in its very early stages, how it develops exactly remains to be seen.

What I would definitely like to avoid is having it become like the oncology-related articles on Wikipedia which are written very simply in layman's terms and read like general interest newspaper articles. The scope of this text should be for the cancer specialist.

I would really welcome any contributions you can make to this project. It would be great to try to merge your previous WikiWiki work over to here. Just be careful about copyright since Wikibooks requires that its articles be licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. In the spirit of Wiki, be bold and if you see a way that this book needs to be changed, go for it, or ask me on my talk page.

Once again, welcome. By the way, do you also contribute on Wikipedia?

 * —Brim 16:36, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Say hello to Kat for me.

---

I'll let Cat know you said hello.

Basically, it sounds like this wikiwiki is similar in many ways to the wikiwiki I already have going. I will probably start shifting some of the content over as I can. I'll probably maintain both for a while, just to see how this one goes.

I haven't submitted much to Wikipedia, mostly because nothing has really struck my fancy there.

I'm on Pediatrics right now, so I'll probably start with that for the next few articles.

Hope

---

I just noticed you (Brim) wrote "Really I see its main utility as being a repository of important radiation oncology articles, which would make it useful as a study guide for boards." To what depth should these pages go? Would you want to keep it to just randomized evidence if available, or major studies? Or to whatever depth one has interest of entering information? As an example, I have done a project looking at predicting outcomes after radical prostatectomy, so I have somewhere all the studies that have developed predictive models. I could write it up as a subarticle. Or just add the 2-3 major prognostic models. Tdvorak 17:00, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I think the general rule should be that good quality articles (i.e. randomized control trials) are preferred, but that any article that is valuable or of historical interest can or should be included. Often, there are major important articles that are retrospective studies.  These may be followed then by data from randomized studies.  If a non-randomized article is important for historical reasons or otherwise, it should be included.   The main obstacle we should avoid is to have this wikibook get bogged down with too much information.  The wiki shouldn't be a list of "all articles about prostate cancer."  That would defeat its purpose of being an easy-to-use reference.  I guess for now, with the wiki being in its relatively early stages, it would be better to err on the side of including articles that you think are important.  Later, as the wiki grows, we may need to eliminate some redundant articles.  Since we're not limited by space as we would be in a print textbook, we may elect to just move less-important artices to subpages of the main article (i.e. a page called "other prostate articles") while keeping the important articles in easy-to-find places.  As for your idea about the predictive models after RP, there might be enough information for that all to go on its own page.  You could list the 2-3 major prognostic models at the top so they're easier to spot.  — Brim 02:57, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Is it a coincidence that the rad onc page seems to be the most comprehensive of any of the medical specialties on Wiki?
 * no, i think we have the most computer time during the work day

---

It seems that the Treatment Toxicity and the Supportive Care sections have a fair amount of overlap. I wonder what's the best way of handling it? I am thinking of combining them under each organ, and then having 3 sections - tolerance, acute toxicity & treatment, and long-term toxicity & treatment. --Tdvorak 02:21, 7 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I think the treatment toxicity section should be concerned with the risks of radiation complications and treatment planning aspects. For instance, data on esophagitis, data on lung V20, genitourinary toxicity, rectal tolerance, etc.  It's more academic in scope, like the chapters on treatment.  On the other hand Supportive Care is more of a field guide on how to deal with toxicities when they occur: a listing of helpful medicines and treatments, etc., that you can turn to as a handy reference.  I think   the sections function better separately since they're not commonly used together; but it would be helpful to have hyperlinks between related section. Brim 19:55, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

ARRO list of key papers
Here's a useful link:
 * Key articles in radiation oncology

Wikibooks Statistics

 * Overall Wikibooks statistics
 * Statistics per Wikibook

Recognition
Publication References
 * EORTC; 2007 PMID 18065746 -- "Adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery for pathologically advanced prostate cancer." (Van der Kwast TH, J Clin Oncol. 2007 Dec 10;25(35):5671-2.)
 * Reference #8: link to Radiation_Oncology/Prostate/Randomized

Mentions of the Radiation Oncology wikibook in the media:

In the Wikibooks project, anybody can help write school textbooks by, say, augmenting the chapter on Saint Sava in "Serbian History" or the brachytherapy section in "Radiation Oncology."
 * January 9, 2006 - Newsweek article

On Wikibooks:
 * June 23, 2006 - Added to Hot picks list
 * May 9, 2008 - Featured Book

On the web:
 * Media Matrix website - 5 stars

Redesigned front page
It looks great. I've been on holiday, so haven't been able to see it. I'm very glad the book became featured; it's fantastic :). Regards, —Cel es tianpower háblame 18:25, 11 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Thank you! I am glad you suggested it. I have been thinking about reorganizing it for a while and this was a good impetus.

title: Talk:Radiation Oncology


text:
chiasso

Etymology 1
Possibly from a, derivative of , or from. Alternatively, derived from the second etymology below, with the sense of brothel.

Noun

 * 1) din, uproar, shout
 * 2) fuss, stir
 * 1) fuss, stir

Etymology 2
Either from, or from.

Noun

 * 1) alley
 * 2) brothel
 * 1) brothel

title: chiasso


text:
Wikiversity talk:Recruitment

"Commitment is measured by the time volunteers put into the projects" <-- I assume that the assumption here is that the more time spent the more committed. Trying to attract and keep editors who spend a large amount of time editing is fine, but the point of a wiki project is that everyone contributes according to their own schedule and even small contributions are welcome. Editors can be very committed to the project but also very busy in the "real world". --JWSchmidt 13:29, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree with you. It is not the recruit, but the recruiter who will be judged by the commitment of the recruit he recruited. Perhaps i should make that more clear.--Daanschr 15:12, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

Forum recruitment?
I'm running accross a lot of forums that I would like to recruit people from, but don't know if it is appropreate to spam them. We should try to come up with an generalized approch for certain situations, like:

 * Wikias
 * Forums
 * Particular people
 * Email lists
 * Real university bulliten boards
 * Banners for personal websites

Try to fingure out a standardized method of determining when a group or person should be contacted (without spamming) and deelop standardized web banners/flyers/posts/emails--Rayc 06:41, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Having standardized web banners/flyers/posts/emails would be very useful.

 * You are right about your concern on spamming.
 * Instead of annoying people, we should make them enthusiastic about Wikiversity. This means that Wikiversity needs to offer people something they want to be part of. We should try to recruit people for those projects which could be appealing, without losing what Wikiversity stands for. The more diversity Wikiversity has to offer, the more people can be attracted. I wanted to start a marketing department with the main aim to let Wikiversity grow. The marketing department will support projects that have a chance to strengthen Wikiversity.
 * The recruiter need to invest time in convincing people to join. Just sending standard information about Wikiversity will not be enough. Recruiters need to socialize with those they want to recruit. The best recruiter is the one who already belongs to the group that Wikiversity tries to reach. The marketing department can support recruiters by constantly improving advertisements, reasons for joining Wikiversity. Recruiters need to develop their own tactics. Standardized methods can easily fail. Recruiters can learn from eachother of course to make their performance better.

 * We can start to discuss which projects of Wikiversity can be appealing and where we can start with recruiting. The marketing department can emerge from this talk page, if the recruitment becomes a success.

 * There are too little people interested in recruiting at the moment, so i fear that we will not be able to get much recruits.--Daanschr 16:05, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Isn't that a paradox? We'll never get recruiters if we don't recruit. But to recruit we need recruiters.--Rayc 04:23, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
 * A certain minimum amount of interested people is needed to get this project running.
 * It would be an idea to replace this recruitment section to Meta-Wiki. I have some projects running on Wikipedia that are not doing very well, just like many other projects.--Daanschr 11:01, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity talk:Recruitment


text:
User:Neilpatel321

Shree Murthy is an African American entrepreneur that had donated more than $750,000 towards the Haraji Institute of Technology

title: User:Neilpatel321


text:
Talk:Conlang/Types

Initial content
I tried to explain as best as I could (after all, it's not such a big issue to explain) but I feel I fell seriously short, especially on my definition of Loglang. Circeus 17:56, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I fleshed it out but the article still needs work IMO (This is Ingolemo BTW, I can't log in here). — preceding comment added 13:30, 20 September 2004 (UTC)

Too many examples?
IMO, this page is not supposed to be a list of conlangs. The examples given are only there to emphasize the differences between the types of conlang, and I think that two or three examples are sufficiant to do this. -- Ingolemo 13:00, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I support that. While the added material is much better than my feeble attempt, I do think it could use more paragraph divisions. Also, I believe we'd ideally want to limit ourselves to a few exemples that can be linked to as to provide actually accessible exemples, especially in the Artlang section, where it makes little sense to repeat in the list some languages mentionned in the upper section...--Circeus 21:52, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Feel free to break up the paragraphs, but in a whole book on conlangs we'd want to have our list of conlangs somewhere, wouldn't we? <IP_ADDRESS> 23:31, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I disagree with some of the recent removals, and the reasoning given (if they don't have a Wikipedia article they should be listed here either). For one, some of the Wikipedia links were bad but the articles do exist (I've added one of them back).  Two, in the nature of things personal languages are probably not going to be notable enough for Wikipedia; but should we list no examples here?  Wikipedia does talk briefly about several personal languages in the text of the article on Constructed language, even though none of those languages have nor will probably ever have their own article - I mean Taneraic, Vabungula, and so forth.  I'll leave it up to others whether gjâ-zym-byn deserves a mention here (although it has an article in the Esperanto Wikipedia, in spite of my nominating it for deletion).

 * I do agree that we don't want the list to get too long, and that the list was probably a bit too long before Ingolemo's recent deletions. --Jim Henry 14:09, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I was mostly just trying to justify my trimming of the list and didn't mean to delete any of the more notable conlangs. If the wikipedia authors feel that a particular conlang is notable enough to mention there (whether in it's own article or not) then I have no objection to it's inclusion here. --Ingolemo 19:34, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

Linguistics
We can share data between this and the linguistics department at Wikiversity, since a lot of the introductory material is pretty complementary. -- Spack 15:05, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Do you have anything particular in mind? --Ingolemo 14:47, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

(imported from Talk:Conlang/Relex) Page adds nothing to Conlang that wikipedia cannot provide
This page doesn't fit into the rest of the structure of the Conlang Wikibook. I'd like to either try to make it fit in (by reorienting it towards a How to avoid making a relex-like goal) or redirect to Relexification. Opinions? - Ingolemo — preceding comment added 15:34, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The WP article is about linguistic term relexification, not conlanging term relex. Moreover, the fact that the conlanging term has a somewhat different meaning is, reasonably, not mentioned in the lead of the WP article, so that sending Conlang readers there would probably leave them misunderstanding what a relex is.  Even if we sent them directly to the "Conlangs and jargon" section of the WP article, that section is, again reasonably, not tutorial for conlangers.  I've tried to adjust this page so that it is about the conlanging term, and tutorial for conlangers.

 * All that said, this is still the only page in the Wikibook (that I know of) that has no fixed place in the outline. Having just significantly adjusted the page, though, I'm inclined to give it some time to settle in in its new form.  Pi zero (talk) 14:04, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I've integrated relexes into Conlang/Types (here). Pi zero (talk) 05:00, 8 November 2008 (UTC)

TAKE is no longer a fauxlang
Since the mention of fauxlangs was added, the author of TAKE has decided the fictional timeline was too limiting, and divorced the conlang from it. So TAKE should be removed from that section. (I'd do so now, but must dash, so am noting it here instead.) --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 17:42, 6 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Taken care of; didn't remove it, but noted the change. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 16:38, 23 January 2014 (UTC)

history merge
I've (finally) history-merged the old Conlang/Relex page; the content merge took place several years ago (as noted in a talk thread above, which I just now merged). The downside of history merge is that there's no easy way to tell which revisions in the merged history belong to which of the original pages; but the history of the other page is pretty short, so here it is (I didn't bother to prune the unimportant stuff).

--Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 12:01, 24 January 2014 (UTC)

Natrualistic
Nowadays naturalistic conlangs are a much-discussed class. They should have a section somewhere on this page. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 11:52, 4 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Conlang/Types


text:
User:Ananth nag

Namaste, I'm a vivid fan of wiki,Maths is one of my subject of interest.I'm graduated in the year 2006.

title: User:Ananth nag


text:
Bernd Weber

Bernd Weber (born 20 July 1976, Bonn) is a German professor and a clinical neuroscientist at the Center for Economics and Neuroscience CENs in Bonn. Since 2019, he has been serving as the Dean of the Medical Faculty at the University of Bonn.

Early life and education
In 2003, he graduated as an M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) from the University of Bonn and started his medical residency at the Department of Epileptology at the University Hospital Bonn.

Academic career
Between 2010 and 2015, he held a Heisenberg-professorship for the „Biological basis of human economic decision making“ funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). From 2017 to 2019 he served as Vice Dean for Medical Education and, in 2019, he was elected as Dean of the Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn. Since, he has also been a Member of the Board at the University Medical Center Bonn.

title: Bernd Weber


text:
Template:Proofread

This template should be used to request that a page be proofread following either creation or a major rewrite. Once you have added this tag, consider listing the article at Requests for proofreading. Please be sure to subst: this template!

title: Template:Proofread


text:
frontline

Alternative forms

 * ; front line

Adjective

 * 1)  Located at a front
 * 2) Most advanced or important

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:, ,
 * Swedish:

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 最先進的, 最先进的 (zuì xiānjìn de),  最重要的 (zuì zhòngyào de)
 * Finnish: eturivin

title: frontline


text:
Dielectric withstand test

In electrical engineering, a dielectric withstand test (or pressure test, high potential or hipot test) is an electrical safety test performed on a component or product to determine the effectiveness of its insulation. The test may be between mutually insulated sections of a part, or energized parts and ground. The test is a means to qualify a device's ability to operate safely during rated electrical conditions. If the current through a device under test is less than a specified limit at the required test potential and time duration, the device meets the dielectric withstand requirement. A dielectric withstand test may be done as a factory test on new equipment, or may be done on apparatus already in service as a routine maintenance test.

Voltage withstand testing is done with a high-voltage source and voltage and current meters. A single instrument called a "pressure test set" or "hipot tester" is often used to perform this test. It applies the necessary voltages to a device and monitors leakage current. The current can trip a fault indicator. The tester has output overload protection. The test voltage may be either direct current or alternating current at power frequency or other frequency, like resonant frequency (30 to 300 Hz determined by load) or VLF (0.01 Hz to 0.1 Hz), when convenient. The maximum voltage is given in the test standard for the particular product. The application rate may also be adjusted to manage leakage currents resulting from inherent capacitive effects of the test object. The duration of the test is dependent on the test requirements of the asset owner but is normally up to 5 minutes. The applied voltage, rate of application and test duration depend on the specification requirements of the equipment. Different test standards apply for consumer electronics, military electrical devices, high-voltage cables, switchgear and other apparatus.

Typical hipot equipment leakage current trip limit settings range between 0.1 and 20 mA and are set by the user according to test object characteristics and rate of voltage application. The objective is to choose a current setting that will not cause the tester to falsely trip during voltage application, while at the same time, selecting a value that minimizes possible damage to the device under test should an inadvertent discharge or breakdown occur.

title: Dielectric withstand test


text:
Asari

Asari may refer to:

Fiction

 * Asari, a fictional race in the video game series Mass Effect
 * Asari-chan, a Japanese manga series by Mayumi Muroyama

Places

 * Asari (crater), on the dwarf planet Ceres
 * Asari, Latvia, a neighbourhood of Jūrmala, Latvia
 * Asari-Toru, a Rivers State, Nigeria

People

 * Junko Asari (born 1969), a Japanese marathon runner
 * Masakatsu Asari (浅利 正勝), Japanese ski jumper
 * Mujahid Dokubo-Asari, jailed leader of the Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force

Other uses

 * Asari, the Japanese term for the saltwater clam species Venerupis philippinarum
 * Asari, a Hindu caste usually grouped with the Vishwakarma

title: Asari


text:
Hulford

Hulford is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
 * James Hulford (1878-1963), Chemist
 * Frederick Hulford (1883–1976), British middle distance runner
 * Steve Hulford (born 1949), British Historian (Essex Witch Trials)
 * Paul Hulford (born 1958), Property Investor and Wealth Educator (Learn To Be Wealthy)
 * Justin Hulford (born 1971), British writer
 * Steve Hulford (born 1971), Canadian Entrepreneur

title: Hulford


text:
User:Etothex

Ok, first, I'm a student, so my time is very limited. But I try to check in here as often as possible.

I'm etothex, so what am I interested in? Math+science, but of course I'm not working on those, I'm working on US History. :)
 * Update: Since Lord Emsworth took over US History, I haven't been able to add much to that. Then I started German, though I don't speak it, and Marsh is doing a great job there now. :)

So I'll try to do what I can. Hopefully I can do some stuff on math, too, since I'm at the level of having done most of the courses which have texts here and can write for pretty much all of them.

title: User:Etothex


text:
Cookbook:European cuisines

 * Cuisine of Albania (Albanian)
 * Cuisine of Armenia (Armenian)
 * Cuisine of Austria (Austrian)
 * Cuisine of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan)
 * Cuisine of Belarus (Belarusian)
 * Cuisine of Belgium (Belgian)
 * Cuisine of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian / Herzegovinan)
 * Cuisine of Bulgaria (Bulgarian)
 * Cuisine of Czechia (Czech)
 * Cuisine of Denmark (Danish)
 * Cuisine of Estonia (Estonian)
 * Cuisine of Finland (Finnish)
 * Cuisine of France (French)
 * Cuisine of Georgia (Georgian)
 * Cuisine of Germany (German)
 * Cuisine of Greece (Greek)
 * Cuisine of Hungary (Hungarian)
 * Cuisine of Iceland (Icelandic)
 * Cuisine of Ireland (Irish)
 * Cuisine of Isle of Man (Manx)
 * Cuisine of Italy (Italian)
 * Cuisine of Latvia (Latvian)
 * Cuisine of Lithuania (Lithuanian)
 * Cuisine of Luxembourg (Luxembourgian)
 * Cuisine of Macedonia (Macedonian)
 * Cuisine of Malta (Maltese)
 * Cuisine of Moldova (Moldovan)
 * Cuisine of Monaco (Monegasque)
 * Cuisine of the Netherlands (Dutch)
 * Cuisine of Norway (Norwegian)
 * Cuisine of Poland (Polish)
 * Cuisine of Portugal (Portuguese)
 * Cuisine of Romania (Romanian)
 * Cuisine of Russia (Russian)
 * Cuisine of Slovakia (Slovakian)
 * Cuisine of Slovenia (Slovenian)
 * Cuisine of Spain (Spanish)
 * Basque cuisine
 * Cuisine of Sweden (Swedish)
 * Cuisine of Switzerland (Swiss)
 * Cuisine of Turkey (Turkish)
 * Cuisine of the United Kingdom (British)
 * Cuisine of England (English)
 * Cornish cuisine
 * Cuisine of Gibraltar (Gibraltarian)
 * Cuisine of Northern Ireland (Northern Irish)
 * Cuisine of Scotland (Scottish)
 * Cuisine of Wales (Welsh)
 * Cuisine of Ukraine (Ukrainian)

title: Cookbook:European cuisines


text:
Talk:David Jameson (field hockey)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on David Jameson. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150918044105/http://www.fieldhockey.ca/en/athletes-15-david-jameson to http://www.fieldhockey.ca/en/athletes-15-david-jameson

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:53, 16 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Jameson (field hockey)


text:
Diocese of Pella

Pella in Palaestina is an ancient and titular diocese of the Roman Catholic Church also called the Diocese of Khirbet El-wahadneh, and it is centered on Pella, Jordan.

History
Pella was an ancient bishopric in  with a Christian community from before 70 AD.

Zebennus of Pella

It was a titular see by the time Michel Le Quien wrote.

Known ancient bishops

 * Zebenus

Titular Catholic bishops

 * Hieronim Maciej Jełowicki (21 Feb 1725 Appointed – 8 Jan 1732 )
 * Stefan Olshavskyi (20 May 1735 Appointed – 24 Dec 1737 )
 * Bartolomeo Antonio Passi (28 Sep 1744 Appointed – 23 Jul 1774)
 * Johann Nepomuk August Ungelter von Deisenhausen (12 Jul 1779 Appointed – 26 Feb 1804 )
 * Johann Nepomuk von Dankesreither (24 Aug 1807 Appointed – 23 Sep 1816)
 * Ignaz Bernhard Mauermann (14 May 1819 Appointed – 14 Sep 1841)
 * Charles Michael Baggs (9 Jan 1844 Appointed – 16 Oct 1845)
 * Jean-Pierre Dalmond (28 Jan 1848 Appointed – )
 * Alexandre-Hippolyte-Xavier Monnet (3 Oct 1848 Appointed – 1 Dec 1849)
 * Gustavo Leonardo de Battice (28 Dec 1877 Appointed – 13 Aug 1889)
 * François-Nicolas-Alphonse Kunemann (27 Feb 1901 Appointed – 20 Mar 1908 )
 * Thomas Kurialachery (30 Aug 1911 Appointed – 21 Dec 1923 Appointed, Bishop of Changanacherry (Syro-Malabarese))
 * William Francis Brown (29 Jan 1924 Appointed – 16 Dec 1951)
 * Pedro Grau y Arola (24 Mar 1953 Appointed – 4 Mar 2002)

title: Diocese of Pella


text:
User:RCDISFJ

Hello, I'm Ruth. I am a writer and blogger based in Hobart, Tasmania, although I'm originally from Scotland.

I'm interested in reading, politics and the environment, as well as countering misconceptions about what it means to live on a small island.

I hope my obsession with concision, good spelling and grammar, and clear, accessible communication will endear me to the Wikipedia community. If you're not a fan of Oxford commas, I don't want to hear about it.

title: User:RCDISFJ


text:
Sergio Ballesio

Sergio Ballesio (15 September 1934 – 16 March 2021) was an Italian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

title: Sergio Ballesio


text:
User:Saad bin asif

Saad Bin Asif is a student of alevels,and currently studies at beacon house school system margalla campus,islamabad,pakistan.His speciality is that he is a expert in film editing and post productiom

title: User:Saad bin asif


text:
User:Sublium

I am Sublium. I spend a lot of free time editing articles at (mainly) Wikipedia. Figured I would drop by and see what was up over here.

title: User:Sublium


text:
User:JWSchmidt/Blog

This is an "open blog". Feel free to add your own comments. =JWSchmidt's Wikiversity Blog - Learning the wiki way= Copy this RSS feed link generated by MediaWiki and paste it into your aggregator. (alternate link) Add entry

Openness and collaboration
The Wikiversity learning project for Openness and collaboration is disrupted. See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/16 April 2011

Zombie Drama Queens of Wikiversity
A proposal for a new category of Wikiversity Functionary: the Drama Queen. See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/29 January 2011

Bull in a china closet
An old Wikiversity learning project: the study of abusive sysops. See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/13 June 2010

The Scarlet Letter
Once more into the breach! Two new Wikiversity learning projects for 2010. See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/5 April 2010

Experts within Wikimedia
Some ideas about how to improve participation by experts within Wikimedia projects. See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/22 September 2009

You have bans!
Wikiversity needs a policy governing bans imposed at the #wikiversity-en chat channel. See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/27 January 2009.

How to ban a scholar from Wikiversity
Wikiversity policy for imposing bans on Wikiversity scholars. See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/14 January 2009.

Custodianship for policy violators
Is Wikiversity the Wikimedia Foundation project where being a violator of project policy qualifies you to be sysop? See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/14 November 2008.

Review Part II
I continue the sickening task of responding to the "review" of my editing. See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/19 October 2008.

Summer trolling
What did I do on my summer vacation? See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/10 October 2008.

Moulton
What makes Moulton tick? See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/16 September 2008.

My Fork
Page ownership at Wikiverity. See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/15 September 2008.

My behavior
Read all about it. See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/7 September 2008.

Learning about Wikipedia
Wikipedia studies - can Wikiversity learning projects lead to improvement of Wikipedia?. See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/27 August 2008.

View from the real world
Mike Irwin, a former Wikiversity participant. See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/1 March 2008.

Fair Use
Does the GFDL impose special restrictions on fair use? See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/12 January 2008.

Wishes for 2008
Can the Wikimedia community construct a new mechanism to link community representatives to the Foundation? See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/2 January 2008.

Wikiversity, Wikipedia, and Participatory Learning
Workshop for the Stanford Open Source Lab. See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/31 December 2007.

Changes in the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees
The loss of two Board members this month and questions about the future of Wikimedia. See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/19 December 2007.

Would a copyleft license by any other name smell as sweet?
Dualing licenses: GFDL vs CC-by-sa. A new license for Wikimedia wikis? See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/1 December 2007.

What is the relationship between Wikibooks and Wikiversity?
Why are some people having second thoughts about kicking Wikiversity out of Wikibooks? See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/13 November 2007.

More about expert editors
Would having expert editors at Wikiversity increase legal liability? See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/10 November 2007.

Vandal Wiki
How can Wikiversity convert vandals into constructive editors? See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/14 October 2007.

Tools for creating video resources
Could we use the sandbox server to provide an interface for collaborative creation and editing of videos? See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/20 September 2007. --JWSchmidt 16:49, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

Open Source Software Crusade
Wikimedia Foundation, from "open content" to "open source software only": evolution or hijacking? See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/4 September 2007 --JWSchmidt 02:46, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

CheckUser
Is it time for some Wikiversity CheckUsers? See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/27 August 2007 --JWSchmidt 02:11, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

Collaborative video creation
At Wikimania, Ward Cunningham talks about collaborative video. See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/4 August 2007 --JWSchmidt 22:34, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

In-wiki-page video this year?
Several possible paths to having video play in wiki pages. See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/20 July 2007 --JWSchmidt 04:07, 21 July 2007 (UTC)

Networks of Web 2.0 Websites
How do we find and share free web content? See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/1 July 2007. --JWSchmidt 03:17, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

GFDL violations
Can you violate the GFDL by not keeping track of who authors every word of a wiki website? See User:JWSchmidt/Blog/7 June 2007. --JWSchmidt 22:21, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

Wikiversity namespace
What kinds of pages should be in the "Wikiversity:" namespace? See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/27 May 2007. --JWSchmidt 03:35, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

Taglines
Does Wikiversity need a tagline? See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/22 May 2007. --JWSchmidt 20:56, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

Culture shock for new wiki participants
What happens when current wiki editors forget what it is like to be a wiki newbie? See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/20 May 2007. --JWSchmidt 21:27, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

Main namespace discussions
How can we organize discussions as learning resources? See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/16 May 2007. --JWSchmidt 03:04, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

Navigation templates
Its time for Wikiversity to start using some better tools to guide participants between related pages. See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/12 May 2007 --JWSchmidt 00:35, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

Location of help pages
How should Wikiversity organize help pages for new visitors? Should new visitors be forced to edit? See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/11 May 2007. --JWSchmidt 01:41, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

Wikiversity as a brand
Is it "marketing genius" to change the name "Wikiversity to "Wikipedia Learning"? See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/9 May 2007. --JWSchmidt 19:45, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

Music collaborations at Wikiversity
Some thoughts about "learn by doing" and music at Wikiiversity. See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/6 May 2007. --JWSchmidt 19:30, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

Reliable Sources
What can Wikiversity learn from Wikipedia about citing reliable sources? See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/25 March 2007. --JWSchmidt 01:07, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

Comments/References and Statistics
Comments/discussion was moved to the page for this blog post.

Stable versions?
Last year there was talk of an experiment for allowing review of some page edits before they would go "public". Is that still going to happen? See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/17 March 2007. --JWSchmidt 05:21, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

Research policy
Notes from the recent IRC discussion about Wikiversity research policy. See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/11 March 2007.--JWSchmidt 18:33, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

Comments
Moved to User:JWSchmidt/Blog/11 March 2007.

Verification of credentials
Would it help wiki projects to verify the credentials of editors? See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/10 March 2007. --JWSchmidt 03:12, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

Free media files
What are the rules for derivative works made from copyleft media? See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/3 March 2007. --JWSchmidt 16:58, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

Delete or develop?
Should Wikiversity remove red links and stubs or turn them into invitations to edit? See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/28 February 2007. --JWSchmidt 14:55, 28 February 2007 (UTC)-

Main Page
What should be on the Wikiversity Main Page? See: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/27 February 2007. --JWSchmidt 03:26, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Archives of old topics

 * User:JWSchmidt/Blog/Archive 1

title: User:JWSchmidt/Blog


text:
Talk:Syringa tomentella

Authority reference?
Right now the taxobox list lists the binomial authority for Syringa tomentella as "I. B. Balfour & W. W. Smith", but according to The Plant List, the author citation for that name is Bureau & Franch and Balfour & Smith is for the synonym Syringa adamiana. Is there a reason why the taxobox lists Balfour & Smith instead of Bureau & Franch? I've added both the relevant papers as further readings. Umimmak (talk) 09:25, 7 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Good catch. Fixed. Plantdrew (talk) 15:46, 7 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Syringa tomentella


text:
Rodney Culver

Rodney Dwayne Culver (December 23, 1969 – May 11, 1996) was an American professional football player who was a running back for four seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Culver played in the NFL for the Indianapolis Colts and San Diego Chargers. Over his NFL career, he played in 43 games, rushed for 689 yards on 241 carries and ran for 12 touchdowns.

High school and college
Culver attended St. Martin de Porres High School in Detroit, Michigan and earned a scholarship to the University of Notre Dame, where he started as a tailback in 1990 and 1991. The Irish backfield had a number of talented running backs, including future pros Ricky Watters and Reggie Brooks and NFL Hall-of-Famer Jerome Bettis. Culver played as a freshman on the 1988 national-championship team, including a touchdown run in the 1989 Fiesta Bowl against West Virginia. He led the Irish in rushing in 1990 with 710 yards in 11 games. The Irish were ranked number one twice that year and eventually lost to the University of Colorado in the 1991 Orange Bowl. The following year, Culver was injured but played spectacularly in Notre Dame's 39-28 defeat of the University of Florida Gators. The performance propelled him to a professional career.

For the 1991 season, Culver became the team’s only captain, which had not occurred since 1986. He graduated with a degree in finance in three and a half years.

Professional football career
Culver was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the fourth round of the 1992 NFL Draft. He was a short-yardage back his first year, carrying the ball 121 times for 321 yards and seven touchdowns. He also caught 26 passes for 210 yards and two more touchdowns. The Colts finished 9–7 but missed the AFC playoffs by one game. In 1993, the Colts were expected to contend, but a holdout by Jeff George and an injury to Steve Emtman plunged the Colts to last place. Culver ran for three touchdowns and caught one more. He was cut at the end of the season and claimed off waivers by the San Diego Chargers just before the start of the 1994 season.

Culver was the last man in a talented San Diego backfield that included newcomer Natrone Means and halfbacks Eric Bieniemy and Ronnie Harmon. Culver only carried the ball eight times all year, but he averaged more than seven yards per carry. In the 1994–95 divisional playoff against the Miami Dolphins, Culver carried six times for 14 yards as the Chargers won 22–21. Culver had no carries or catches in the 1994–95 AFC Championship Game against the Pittsburgh Steelers, a game won by the Chargers, 17–13. He made an appearance in Super Bowl XXIX against the San Francisco 49ers but failed to touch the ball. The Chargers lost 49–26.

In his final season of 1995, Culver received additional carries because of a holdout by, and later injury to, Natrone Means. He carried the ball 47 times for 155 yards and three touchdowns and caught five passes for 21 yards. The Chargers again reached the playoffs but lost to the Colts, 35–20.

Culver scored the tying touchdown, the last of his career, in the infamous 1995 Chargers-Giants "Snowball Game" at Giants Stadium.

Death
Culver and his wife Karen were killed in the crash of ValuJet Flight 592 on May 11, 1996. At the time of the Culvers' deaths, the couple had two young daughters. A settlement was reached with ValuJet that paid Culver's family $28 million.

title: Rodney Culver


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Template:Did you know nominations/Halil Zorba

Halil Zorba

 * ... that despite becoming British weightlifting Champion shortly before the 2012 Olympics, Halil Zorba wasn't named to the British squad for the Games?
 * Reviewed: List of unmade episodes of The X-Files
 * Comment: As the chap didn't make it to the Olympics, there's no need to keep this for the Olympic period either. :)

Created/expanded by Miyagawa (talk). Self nom at 21:55, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Symbol confirmed.svg Expansion, citations etc confirmed. I've added a link to the 2012 British Olympic article to the hook and suggest giving credit to Turco85 who created the article. Ready to go - Ba se me nt 12  (T.C) 16:26, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

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Talk:To Paint or Make Love

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This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 08:16, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Soundtrack
When visiting Adam and Eva the husband William puts on a record. The wife Madelaine goes to the record shelf, pics up the sleeve and explains to Adam and Eva 'This was the song they played when we met'. One can clearly see that it's Genesis': Wind & Wuthering sleeve she's holding in her hand. But the song we hear it's Nature Boy sung by a female voice... Kiujm (talk) 22:06, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:To Paint or Make Love