text:
Andrew Rosenfeld

Andrew Ian Rosenfeld (27 April 1962 – 8 February 2015) was a British businessman who was co-founder, chief executive, and chairman of Minerva plc. He volunteered for a number of charitable organisations and was a major donor to the Labour Party. Rosenfeld was one of twelve wealthy donors to the Labour Party named in the Cash for Honours scandal of 2006. In 2012 he co-founded The People's Operator, a mobile telephone company.

Early life
Rosenfeld had a bachelor's degree in Estate Management from South Bank Polytechnic, and thereafter qualified as a member of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.

Charitable activities
He was head of the U.K. National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children's "Full Stop" campaign, raising £250 million which is the largest sum ever raised in Britain for a single children's appeal. Formerly he was a Jewish Care trustee. He was a Vice-President of the NSPCC and was Chairman of the Full Stop Fellowship.

Political involvement
Before the 2005 General Election he lent £1,033,000 to the Labour Party as part of the Cash for Honours scandal and, in partial return, was invited to a private dinner with Tony Blair at 10 Downing Street. Rosenfeld denied that he made the loan expecting to receive an honour in exchange although he was nominated for one by some of Blair's top aides. It was subsequently repaid in full by 2009.

In 2010 Rosenfeld had abandoned his support of the Labour Party, choosing to endorse David Cameron, the Conservative candidate. Rosenfeld said that Cameron was "the man for the job – no doubt about it" and that the Labour Party had "run out of time." By 2011 Rosenfeld was again backing the Labour Party, having emerged as its "most generous private donor." He had announced that he would donate £1 million to the Labour Party for the 2015 general election campaign.

Career
Rosenfeld's father and grandfather were both in real-estate and he learned the rudiments of the trade by tagging along with his father while he evaluated properties. He took his first job after college with Schroders, where he worked for two years. He subsequently worked at SW Berisford evaluating properties in New York and California. In the mid-80s, at the age of 23, Rosenfeld was hired by David Garrard to run one of his companies, Land Investors. By the end of the decade he and Garrard had founded Minerva.

Rosenfeld was already joint chairman of Minerva in 1997 at the age of 35. He, by that time chief executive of Minerva, replaced David Garrard as chairman of the company in March 2005. Rosenfeld was replaced as chief executive at the end of June 2005. He resigned as executive chairman in October 2005. While living in Geneva as a tax exile he set up a company called "Air Capital" and formed a partnership with the Goldman Sachs Whitehall Fund.

The People's Operator
In 2012 Rosenfeld founded a new mobile phone company, The People's Operator, that contributes 10% of income and 25% of profits to charity and other non-profit organisations.

Personal life
In 2006 he moved to Geneva to avoid paying taxes in Britain but returned to the UK in April 2011. While he lived in Switzerland he held many of his assets offshore in the British Virgin Islands, but upon returning to Britain moved them back into that country.

Rosenfeld had four children from his first marriage, which was dissolved. He married again in 2014, to Juliet Soskice, a "close friend" of Ed Miliband.

He died of lung cancer, despite never having smoked.

title: Andrew Rosenfeld


text:
Talk:Holophonic recording

Difference to Binaural recording?
Can anyone tell me what the difference is? It sounds just like a different marketing name for the same process to me... Peter S. 17:12, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I'll suggest a merge, to see what others say. --Quiddity 20:52, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Not just a different marketing name; like binaural, but different, in technique, process, and result. Binaural captures two signals, attempting to preserve phase and time differences. Holophony uses arrays of multiple microphones to record multiple channels whose phase and timing is then adjusted to produce a desired result. There are several different techniques and processes used, Ambisonic and Holophony are two of the major ones. Holophonics is a a different critter, a form of binaural recording. htom 22:56, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

Needs editing
The language used in this stub isn't encyclopedic. This is clearly written by a technician or someone with good knowledge of the subject, but lacking the communication skill to clearly express it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:29, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Holophonic recording


text:
Animal Behavior/Honeybee Foraging Behavioral Analysis

Honeybee Foraging Behavioral Analysis
The common honeybee (Apis mellifera) forages around the hive in search of resources. Usually this resource constitutes food in the form of pollinating flowers. Several landmark studies were performed in the middle of the 20th century to analyze how these social organisms communicated exact distances and direction to one another in order to effectively locate these resources. Karl von Frisch determined that honeybees perform two distinct dance routines that coincide with two different distance approximations made by the foraging bee. These two dances, the Round dance and the Waggle dance, communicate to the other the approximate distance from the hive to the new resource. Only the Waggle dance communicates direction (von Frisch 1967).

The Round dance is performed by the returning bee usually in complete darkness, vertically on a honeycomb. The circuitous motion attracts other foragers, which then learn that the resource is within approximately 50 meters of the hive. No direction is given by this routine (von Frisch). As a result, the newest foragers leave to search in all directions surrounding the hive. Behaviorally, this dance is energetically favorable due to the short distances travelled. In contrast, the Waggle dance is energetically unfavorable to the individual, but beneficial to the hive.

The Waggle dance is performed primarily when the resource is further than 50 meters. The returning forager either performs the dance on a vertical surface or a horizontal one. To determine distance and direction, the bee orientates itself relative to the sun. Any deviation from this point gives the angle the new foragers should pursue. If vertical, the bee orientates itself to gravity. Perpendicular to the ground becomes the reference point (i.e. the sun). Deviations from such relay direction accordingly. Distance is communicated by the length of the abdomen shake that forms the middle of a figure eight dance (von Frisch).

Kirchner et al. determined that the Round dance does not convey direction. By tipping several hives onto their horizontal axis and placed a resource 10 meters away, the reference heading was experimentally altered. Regardless of the hive orientation, the number of successful returning foragers was constant (1998). Once the distance crossed 50 meters, the success rate decreased for hives orientated horizontally, indicating direction is dependent on hive orientation for the waggle dance to be effective.

Honeybees foraging behavior can be interpreted from a historical or adaptationist view. Lindauer performed historical analysis that reveals that distantly related bees might have evolved through 3 stages of development: First stage analysis reveals that the genus Trigona conveyed direction by buzzing to gain their hivemates attention. The odors trapped on the bee trigger others to forage in search of the odor. The secondary stage involves marking the path from the resource to the hive with mandibular pheromones. She then buzzes, and the bees follow the scent markers. The third stage involves an in-flight "waggle dance" in the direction of the resource (Lindauer 1961).

Seely et al. provides an adaptationist theory on bee dance evolution. The foragers seek new resources to provide increased hive fitness. By dancing, the cost/benfit ratio is reduced to the individual level more so than a group of foragers expending energy searching in all directions all the time (Seely et al. 1998). Their study demonstrates that dancing has become an evolutionarily desirable trait because less time foraging allows for more time collecting the resource. Honeybee dancing provides an evolutionarily advantageous behavior which optimizes the hive's fitness.


text:
User:ProfGray/312/Lesson plan week 3

Lesson plan: Week 3. Religions of the Hebrew Bible. Return to the course page

Monday
Review worksheet

Brief reading exercise

JSB apparatus -- intro remarks Coogan ch.4 -- critical theory
 * How to find the author of the annotations? (margin notes)
 * Do the annotations reflect critical thinking?
 * Source critical notes. Example 2:4b-6 as J "earth and heaven"
 * ANE and comparative religion. 1:1, Nephilim as myth, 6:15
 * Literary criticism and intertextual info, example on p.15
 * Key concepts, e.g., covenant at 7:18
 * Religious analysis, e.g., Jewish interpretations (see Genesis 12)
 * Why? p.56: "the repetitions, the inconsistencies, and the contradictions"
 * Doublet examples.
 * Box 4.1 on p.53 God's POV and beastly pairs
 * JSB p.20 at 6:19-20 Levenson sees the pairs as a contradiction
 * WP example: Preparing the ark does not mention sources, yet Great Deluge section does.

 * Nuances or challenges
 * Additional sources besides 4
 * Hexateuch hypothesis
 * What led up to each of these sources? What is a source is not ancient but antiquarian?! (56)

 * Key terms and concepts
 * Form criticism is mentioned (57)
 * Creativity in combining the sources: redaction criticism
 * Linked sources: D and Dtr, P and Ezekiel

'''Coogan ch.5. A few key points'''
 * J issues
 * Humans loss of easy connection to the soil
 * Boundary-blurring: eat fruit to be like gods, sex with sons of God, and tower of Babel
 * Wicked people, Cain, Flood, Gen. 8:21 (evil inclination)

 * P issue: genealogies
 * Nations of the world (fyi Japhetic theory)

Agenda: 3:10 pm WP assignments: Now and next steps

Show and discuss proposed sentences -- i.e., gaps to be filled with Coogan (or JSB)

Questions about these steps?
 * Finish your Talk page and Sandbox edits -- show your Team your references, your proposed sentences, and in which article(s) the sentences could be added.
 * Step 5: Start talking! see the assignment
 * Step 6: Best if teams do a quick peer review. Is the paraphrase too close? Is the reference fine? Does it belong in the article?
 * Team coordination this week -- peer review
 * Team coordination for next week -- divide up the Wife-sister academic articles

Wednesday
Objectives for today: Handouts
 * 1) Quickly review the BRE from Monday. ✅
 * 2) Make progress on the Intro Edits exercise (for weeks 2-3). Let's make sure everyone can post in their Sandbox. For students who are almost finished and ready to edit an article -- let's aim to peer review these.  ✅
 * 3) Set up the Wife-Sister assignment. Go over the instructions. Circulate the articles. Time for team planning.  ✅
 * 4) Discuss your comparisons of the Wife-Sister narratives.     ✅
 * 5) If there's time, we will review Coogan.
 * Hand back the BREs
 * 2 Intro Edits exercise -- we will do this on laptops
 * 3 For Wife-sister assignment, handout the WP article and assignment (if printer working) and scholarly articles
 * 4. Wife-sister narratives
 * Questions about the Biblical texts
 * if time ==> read chapter 20:1-18, easier to act out, or 12:10-17 together. JSB on 20 is source critical, literary and intertextual
 * Discuss student comparisons
 * if time ==> read chapter 20:1-18, easier to act out, or 12:10-17 together. JSB on 20 is source critical, literary and intertextual
 * Discuss student comparisons

Readings and tasks for today were:
 * (Your work on the Intro Edits assignment)
 * Wife-sister narratives: Genesis ch. 12, ch. 20, and 26:1-11 (wife-sister)
 * Wikipedia (WP): Wife–sister narratives in the Book of Genesis
 * Familiarize yourself with related WP sections for Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Rebekah, Abimelech
 * Make a comparative table (etc.) of the 3 narratives

title: User:ProfGray/312/Lesson plan week 3


text:
User:DarTar/Bernini

The marble plynths and the Barberini coats of arms
Four marble plinths form the basis of the columns that support the canopy. The two outer sides of each plinth are decorated with the Barberini family's coat of arms, in honor of pope Urban VIII during whose pontificate the baldachin was built. This series of eight, nearly identical coats of arms forms a narrative that has attracted over the centuries the interest and speculations of several scholars, art historians and writers.

The coat of arms itself represents the three bees of the Barberini family. Each shield is enclosed by a woman's head at the top and by the head of a satyr at the bottom. A papal tiara with crossed keys surmounts the shield. All shields look nearly identical, but – if examined one after another starting with the left-hand front plinth – they reveal dramatic changes in the expression on the female face. The coat of arms itself, flat on the first plinth, undergoes a noticeable deformation, progressively bulging up to the sixth shield and flattening again on the last two shields. Above the sixth shield, the female face is replaced by the head of a winged child or putto. The allegory behind the coats of arms is unanimously interpreted as representing the various stages of childbirth. As Witkowski writes: "The scene begins on the face of the left-hand front plinth; the woman's face begins to contract; on the second and following plinths the features pass through a series of increasingly violent convulsions. Simultaneously, the hair becomes increasingly dishevelled; the eyes, which at first express a bearable degree of suf- fering, take on a haggard look; the mouth, closed at first, opens, then screams with piercing realism. [...] Finally, comes the delivery: the belly subsides and the mother's head disappears, to give way to a cherubic baby's head with curly hair, smiling beneath the unchanging pontifical insignia'."

Several explanations have been put forward for this unusual allegory displayed in one of the most sacred places of Catholic christianity (the burial place of the first pope). Some scholars favor a symbolic explanation, suggesting that Bernini intended to represent the labor of the papacy and of the earthly church through the allegory of a woman's pregnancy. . A more popular tradition tells the story of the complicated pregnancy of a niece of of Urban VIII's and of his vow to dedicate an altar in St Peter's to a successful delivery. A third tradition explains the allegory as Bernini's revenge against the pope's decision to disavow a child illegally born to his nephew Taddeo Barberini and the sister of one of Bernini's pupils.

The childbirth sequence in Bernini's plinths has been praised, among others, by director Sergei Eisenstein, who in a piece titled Montage and Architecture written in the late 1930s describes it as "one of the most spectacular compositions of that great master Bernini.", with the coats of arms as "eight shots, eight montage sequences of a whole montage scenario."

title: User:DarTar/Bernini


text:
envie

Etymology 1
en.

Verb

 * 1)  To vie; to emulate; to strive.

Etymology 2
Borrowed from. .

Noun

 * 1)  A strong desire or craving, especially for (a particular kind of) food.
 * 2) * 2018, Mark Vaughan, The Beacon 2: Battle of Nuclear Creek, self-published, unnumbered page,
 * "I had an envie for something sweet so picked up King cakes for dessert. Bit of a lagniappe too, she gave us a dozen not ten."
 * "I had an envie for something sweet so picked up King cakes for dessert. Bit of a lagniappe too, she gave us a dozen not ten."

Etymology
(with modified to  to match the verb ), from.

Noun

 * 1) desire, lust, urge
 * 2) appetite, craving
 * 3) envy
 * 4) birthmark
 * 5) hangnail
 * 1) hangnail
 * 1) hangnail

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to desire

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1) ill-will, hatred, enmity, hostility; spite, malice; an instance of enmity
 * 2) envy, grudge; hostility; an instance of this feeling
 * 3) harm, injury
 * 4) eagerness, enthusiasm
 * 1) harm, injury
 * 2) eagerness, enthusiasm
 * 1) eagerness, enthusiasm
 * 1) eagerness, enthusiasm

title: envie


text:
HDL Coding Guidelines

Coding of circuit behaviour and architecture is one of the most critical steps in the whole chip development project. It has a major impact on logic synthesis, routing results, timing robustness, verifiability and testability. The HDL Coding Guidelines help chip and macro developers/teams to rapidly understand each other's code. Macro based designs integrate easier if these common coding styles are followed. This also applies to externally developed softcores. Codes will not need modification if simulator, synthesis tool, or technology is exchanged. Code invariants with respect to Synthesis tool is given in case of a similar HDL synthesis subset. Code invariants with respect to technology is given in case of similar performance and cell set. In addition, the given guidelines enable high synthesis quality and simulation performance.

The HDL Coding Guidelines need continuous adaptation according to new tool properties and new upcoming methodologies. Please participate in this process with your design know-how. Contribute rules for HDL coding that turned out to prevent errors in the downstream flow, or recommendations that alleviate further design, re-use or maintenance.

The HDL Coding Guidelines may be passed to sub-contractors or cooperation partners. Ideally their coding works should comply to these guidelines, enabling rapid and safe integration with internally developed modules.

Reading of the HDL Coding Guidelines is most efficient at the beginning of a chip-design-project. Furthermore a code review should be considered in a very early phase of HDL coding.

title: HDL Coding Guidelines


text:
Ifigenia in Tauride (Traetta)

Ifigenia in Tauride is an opera in three acts by Tommaso Traetta to a libretto by Marco Coltellini. It premiered on 4 October 1763 at Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna. The opera was revived at the Schwetzingen Festival in December 2013 conducted by Wolfgang Katschner.

title: Ifigenia in Tauride (Traetta)


text:
User:AlexKjhu/sandbox

NOTES:

My wikipedia assignment focuses on the wikipedia pages of three nuclear fusion startups: Helion Energy, Tri Alpha Energy, and General Fusion. Specifically for this course, I will be looking to improve the information on the connections between these companies and their private backers (the commercial end) to academic or government funded research institutions. Each of their wikipedia pages has room for improvement, and below I list what I intend to improve on their pages:

Helion Energy:
 * 1) More information needed on the key members of the organization, and their connections (if any) to Academia.
 * 2) More information on private backers and connection to academia.
 * 3) Additional information on technology and the source of the research responsible for it.

https://www.nasa.gov/offices/oct/early_stage_innovation/niac/2012_phaseII_fellows_slough.html

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0029-5515/51/5/053008/meta

Tri Alpha Energy: https://www.physics.uci.edu/people/toshiki-tajima
 * 1) This company has much more connection with academia, as they have published many articles in academic journals. Much more information can be revealed about the individuals involved and their various relationships.
 * 2) More information is needed on the key players in the company and their relationships with research institutions.
 * 3) The "criticism" section of this article needs to be updated.

This wikipedia page is already sourced with plentiful articles about the key people involved, the page itself just needs to be updated to reflect all the information.

General Fusion:
 * 1) There are several research collaborations that this company has done that are linked to on their wikipedia page. More information is needed on the people involved.
 * 2) While the founders are known, their relationships with academic or other research institutions need to be expanded on.

http://generalfusion.com/2014/07/general-fusion-forms-research-partnership-with-mcgill-university/

http://www.pppl.gov/events/colloquium-magnetized-target-fusion-work-general-fusion

These companies are all secretive in various ways; for example, Tri Alpha did not even announce its existence until 2015. For this reason, there may not be publicly available quality information on some of these points.

HELION ENERGY ORIGINAL:

Organization (to be discarded):

Helion Energy is a spin-off of Redmond company MSNW LLC that develops space propulsion and fusion energy related technologies. The CEO is David Kirtley, Chief Science Officer is John Slough and CTO is Chris Pihl. The primary fusion technology was developed by Slough, also a research professor at the University of Washington, with additional technologies generated by Pihl and Kirtley.

The management team won the 2013 National Cleantech Open Energy Generation competition and awards at the 2014 ARPA-E Future Energy Startup competition.

NEW:

Helion Energy is a spin-off of Redmond company MSNW LLC that develops space propulsion technologies based on nuclear and plasma physics, including fusion energy. MSNW also conducts research and commercialization for NASA, the Department of Defense, and the Department of Energy. The management team won the 2013 National Cleantech Open Energy Generation competition and awards at the 2014 ARPA-E Future Energy Startup competition.

The CEO of Helion Energy is Dr. David Kirtley, who used to lead the propulsion research and development at MSNW. He is a former NSF, NASA, and DOD fellow with experience in nuclear engineering, fusion, and aerospace, having raised $5 million in government funding.

Dr. John Slough is the Chief Science Officer at Helion Energy and is the founder and director of research at MSNW. He over three decades of experience conducting research into fusion and plasma physics. At MSNW, he was trying to create a fusion-powered rocket. In order to do so, he invented a nuclear fusion reactor that is orders of magnitude smaller than traditional nuclear fusion reactors, called the Fusion Engine. He decided to shift his focus from rockets to energy production, but the Fusion Engine remains the core technology behind Helion Energy. He has also raised more than $15 million in government grants throughout his career. Lastly, he has been a Research Professor in the Astronautics and Aeronautics Department at the University of Washington for the past 25 years, where he founded the Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory (RPPL).

Chris Pihl is the Chief Technology Officer at Helion Energy. He is also a former employee at MSNW, where he was a project manager, and also has a long history at University of Washington, where he worked on pulse power system designs under Dr. John Slough’s Plasma Physics Laboratory. He went on to found private company Pulse Power Solutions. He added to the Helion Energy core technology by designing the validation devices.

Dr. George Votroubek is a Principal Scientist at Helion Energy. He is also a former employee at MSNW and has a history of plasma physics research at the University of Washington, where he got his Ph.D and worked under Slough’s Plasma Physics Laboratory.

TRI ALPHA ENERGY:

Organization:

As of 2014, TAE is said to have more than 150 employees and raised over $150 million,[22] far more than any other private fusion power research company or the vast majority of federally-funded government laboratory and university fusion programs.[23] Main financing has come from Goldman Sachs and venture capitalists such as Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen's Vulcan Inc., Rockefeller's Venrock, Richard Kramlich's New Enterprise Associates, the Government of Russia, through the joint-stock company Rusnano, invested in Tri Alpha Energy in October 2012, and Anatoly Chubais, Rusnano CEO, became a board member.[7][10][24][25][26]

The management team at TAE includes several people that have contributed to the underlying technology of the company: Dr. Steven Specker, Dr. Michl Binderbauer, Dr. Artem Smirnov, and Dr. Toshiki Tajima.

Dr. Steven Specker is the CEO of TAE since October 2016. Prior to his involvement with TAE, he spent 30 years at General Electric, where he was the President of the Nuclear Department. After his time at GE, he worked as the CEO of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI).

Dr. Michl Binderbauer is the President and CTO of TAE and has spent two decades inventing and evolving the various technologies used at TAE, in various fields such as reactor physics, isotope production, and chemical processing. He has more than 40 issued and pending U.S. patents. He also authored or co-authored peer-reviewed publications in fields relevant to nuclear fusion.

Dr. Artem Smirnov is the Vice President of Strategic Initiatives at TAE. Since 2006, he has led the development of ion diagnostics, plasma stabilization, and neutral beams. He also holds several patents and has co-authored many peer-reviewed publications. He is now responsible for TAE’s strategic partnerships.

Dr. Toshiki Tajima is the Chief Science Officer at TAE and has many years of research in various fields within nuclear engineering. Most notably, in 1979, Dr. Tajima and Dr. John M. Dawson of UCLA invented laser wakefield acceleration, or more commonly, plasma acceleration, a major breakthrough in the field of nuclear fusion. He has numerous research and academic relationships. He currently holds the Rostoker Chair in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of California, Irvine. He has also served as a Professor in physics at the University of Texas at Austin, as Director-General of the Kansai Photon Science Institute of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, and as Chair Professor at Ludwig Maximilian University. He also has collaborations with other research organizations including the International Committee for Ultrahigh Intensity Lasers (ICUIL), the Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) International Science Advisory Board, and the International Center for Zetta- and Exawatt Science and Technology (IZEST).

title: User:AlexKjhu/sandbox


text:
Vertebral vein

The vertebral vein is formed in the suboccipital triangle, from numerous small tributaries which spring from the internal vertebral venous plexuses and issue from the vertebral canal above the posterior arch of the atlas.

They unite with small veins from the deep muscles at the upper part of the back of the neck, and form a vessel which enters the foramen in the transverse process of the atlas, and descends, forming a dense plexus around the vertebral artery, in the canal formed by the transverse foramina of the upper six cervical vertebrae.

This plexus ends in a single trunk, which emerges from the transverse foramina of the sixth cervical vertebra, and opens at the root of the neck into the back part of the innominate vein near its origin, its mouth being guarded by a pair of valves.

On the right side, it crosses the first part of the subclavian artery.

title: Vertebral vein


text:
Gradgrind

Etymology
From, a pedantic teacher in Charles Dickens'  (1854).

Noun

 * 1) One who relies solely on scientific measurements and observable facts without taking human nature into consideration.

title: Gradgrind


text:
Talk:Diane Wood

Bot-created subpage
A temporary subpage at User:Polbot/fjc/Diane Pamela Wood was automatically created by a perl script, based on this article at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. The subpage should either be merged into this article, or moved and disambiguated. Polbot (talk) 01:36, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

Proposal for a page move
Judging from media reports, Ms Wood seems to be known most widely as "Diane Wood" rather than "Diane Pamela Wood". Given that there are no other Wikipedia articles for people called "Diane Wood" and there is no disambiguation issue, I propose the page be moved to Diane Wood. Any thoughts? — Lincolnite (talk) 15:55, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Apart from this article, all sources I've ever seen, and all lawyers whom I've ever heard refer to her, call her "Diane Wood", not "Diane Pamela Wood". Wikipedia naming conventions require that the most easily recognized name be used for an article. "Wikipedia determines the recognizability of a name by seeing what verifiable reliable sources in English call the subject." Since such sources overwhelmingly call her "Diane Wood", that is the proper name for the article, not the current "Diane Pamela Wood". Krakatoa (talk) 21:01, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

restoring her middle name to the lead
Per MOS:BIO: "While the article title should generally be the name by which the subject is most commonly known, the subject's full name should be given in the lead paragraph, if known. Many cultures have a tradition of not using the full name of a person in everyday reference, but the article should start with the complete version."

I'd restored it from a vandal replacing Pamela with rofl. While I was restoring it, I figured I'd source it.

The above talk page section refers to the article title, not to mention in the lead. Her full name is encyclopedic and important. I would like to restore this, or you may. If you disagree, please state why. TransUtopian (talk) 01:51, 10 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Moot as self-reverted. Thanks. TransUtopian (talk) 02:16, 10 April 2010 (UTC)

Noteworthy rulings
The entries in this section should probably each have a secondary source showing that someone besides a Wikipedia editor thought these were noteworthy.  Will Beback   talk    23:05, 13 April 2010 (UTC)

 * The section should be called something different. These opinions are representative works of a public figure that are part of the public record. Anyone is free to read and summarize them. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Winter5210 (talk • contribs)

 * Sure, anyone can do anything on their own websites. But here on Wikipedia we rely on reliable, secondary sources for writing our articles. See WP:PSTS.   Will Beback    talk    23:25, 13 April 2010 (UTC)

Representative rulings
The representative rulings are short summaries of published decisions of a federal court, which are in the public record and subject to review by any user. The decisions are the integral part of this public figure's work. They do not run afoul of neutral point of view rules. (Winter5210 (talk) 23:16, 13 April 2010 (UTC))

Users contesting whether ruling summaries defy neutral point of view rules should discuss the issue here. The cases are short and User:Zz414 has not explained why some summaries are deleted and some are not. The first time the user vandalized the page the user deleted fewer summaries that then second time. Please discuss here. (Winter5210 (talk) 23:30, 13 April 2010 (UTC)) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Winter5210 (talk • contribs)
 * According to whom are these rulings representative? Who selected them?   Will Beback    talk    23:26, 13 April 2010 (UTC)
 * The users who have updated this page over the last two years have selected, just as you are free to select decisions. The Seventh Circuit's website publishes them all. If you have a better suggestion for a name, perhaps suggest it. (Winter5210 (talk) 23:39, 13 April 2010 (UTC))
 * If the selection was done by users then it is a case of "original research", which is prohibited by WP:NOR.   Will Beback    talk    23:43, 13 April 2010 (UTC)
 * I don't think this section represents original research. These are cases published by the courts, which are certainly reliable references. Perhaps you are worried about calling them "representative." I thought that "noteworthy" was a better title from the start. (See above.) I recognize many of these cases from media reports, so people could add references to those sources to establish cases as noteworthy. (Opalkt (talk) 23:49, 13 April 2010 (UTC))
 * The selection of these cases, and the exclusion of others, is original research. If they are noteworthy then they will have been noted. All of these should have a secondary source to show that someone, besides a Wikipedia editor, thought that they are more notable than the average case.   Will Beback    talk    23:58, 13 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Also, it's possible for a case to be notable while the rulings in it are non-notable, and vice versa. What's important in this article is what the subject did or wrote.   Will Beback    talk    00:00, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I completely agree that they are public record, subject to review, integral to her work, and are (relatively) neutral. I do not agree, however, that there should be so many opinions dominating the article.  The summaries of her opinions are longer than the entire remainder of the article.  (And while each individual summary is relatively short, combined they are quite long.)  Additionally, it is questionable that so many (fairly favorably-summarized) opinions should suddenly flood her profile the moment she has been rumored to be a potential Supreme Court nominee.  While I agree that a number of noteworthy opinions are certain relevant and important, they so overwhelm and dominate the article that they run afoul of undue weight, in which an article must deal appropriately with "depth of detail, quantity of text, [and] prominence of placement."  The fact that a series of (reasonably short) summaries of her work does not mean that there should be so many opinions, much less so many opinions several sentences long.  Zz414 23:27, 13 April 2010 (UTC)
 * If you think the opinions are framed too favorably, feel free to edit the offending parts of the summaries accordingly. Likewise if you think that it is too long. This is a tiny representation of the opinions written. Just as the scholarship summaries are a small portion of those written. (Winter5210 (talk) 23:33, 13 April 2010 (UTC))
 * Winter5210 is right -- these case summaries are neutral and provide more information to people interested in learning about a judge in the news. Her job is to write opinions. More information (as long as it is accurate, which these have been) is better. (Opalkt (talk) 23:34, 13 April 2010 (UTC))

I added some of the case descriptions, as Winter5210 explained, to add to the discussion of Wood's rulings in light of the public debate regarding potential nominees for the Supreme Court vacancy. Since she has issued so many opinions, I thought it would help to add more cases from diverse areas of law so that people could form their own opinions about her views. My efforts were motivated to get the profile in line with Justice Sotomayor's, which includes many more case descriptions even though she had a shorter career on the bench.(Bobbyt02 (talk) 23:47, 13 April 2010 (UTC))
 * We should consider whether all of these are significant enough for inclusion. Many of them are clearly noteworthy, and others would be easy to back up with news sources (such as Bloch). However, the basis of inclusion for some is not obvious to me. Specifically, these are as follows:
 * Bayo
 * Germano (it may be cited in legal treatises, but does that matter?)
 * Thompson
 * Jiang
 * St. John's United Church of Christ
 * Jackson
 * Walker
 * Brown
 * Fornalik
 * Toys "R" Us, Inc.
 * Tyus
 * I'm not saying none of these are notable, but something more is needed for them. Simply changing the section to "Representative rulings" is a cop-out. There is no evidence that these are representative; indeed, a representative sample would have very few noteworthy rulings, and would be weighed down by a huge number of completely boring cases. -Rrius (talk) 23:49, 13 April 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree with Rrius that some should be deleted. Bayo was an important recent immigration case issued by the entire court, I'm not sure whether that makes it notable by itself. From what I've read, Toys "R" Us was an important antitrust case. I posted some of these case descriptions after reading about them. I am open to suggestions about what should be removed. (Winter5210 (talk) 01:03, 14 April 2010 (UTC))

There are literally hundreds, and probably thousands of published legal decisions by each federal court of appeals judge. It can't be the proper place for wiki editors to self-select a few of these thousands of decisions for inclusion, can it? Seems to be pretty straight forward original research. Furthermore, as of today, the number of decision summaries greatly outweighs the remaining content of the article, making this very disproportionate. I would like to know what criteria were used, and where there is some verifiable source for why each case is included. Clearly some cases which garner substantial attention (and hence would be verifiable with sources discussing the significance) can be proper. But I would ask again, why were all these cases suddenly deemed substantial and needed for the bio page? Veritasjohn (talk) 04:37, 14 April 2010 (UTC)
 * FWIW, the original set of ten cases was added back in May 2009. Those entries were about 580 words long in all.   Will Beback    talk    05:39, 14 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I'm now spending a bit more time on this issue. As best I can tell, there is no other United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit bio (I reviewed all active judges) with anything like a list of "noteworthy" or "representative" decisions.  Only three judges appear to have mention of more than one or two decisions.  The only other judges with something like a list of decisions and summaries of the decisions are Frank H. Easterbrook and Richard Posner, and for Posner his "judicial career" section simply describes a few cases (less than 150 words).  For Easterbrook, the Chief Judge, there is a list w/out explanation of 8 decisions, totaling less than 50 words.  I have not reviewed all other BLP for federal Court of Appeals Judges, but I believe this Seventh Circuit comparison is enough to show that the current summaries of decisions is unjustified, and is undue weight. And yes, I do understand maybe all pages need to be improved, but at this point I fail to see why such a substantial and unverified selection of opinions belongs on this bio alone.   Veritasjohn (talk) 14:50, 14 April 2010 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't agree with removing this section, but it definitely needs to be whittled down using some objective criteria. As there doesn't seem to be any formal guidance on this from WP, a good starting point might be to say we want five or six opinions she personally authored that were noteworthy enough to merit widespread coverage in mainstream -- i.e. non-legal -- publications. Thoughts? — — Bdb484 (talk) 18:26, 14 April 2010 (UTC)
 * That sounds like a good approach.   Will Beback    talk    21:51, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

Noted cases
Here are some news articles that mention her opinions or dissents from 2009 to 1996:
 * Wood's sister says she sees the kind of empathy Obama says he wants, pointing to a 2004 opinion she wrote in which the court found in favor of a Chinese native fighting extradition to her home country because she feared she would be sterilized under that country's one-child policy. The woman had fled China in 1999 to avoid being forced to have an abortion. Wood has drawn criticism from some as a strong supporter of abortion rights, with many pointing to a later-reversed opinion in which she found that Planned Parenthood could use racketeering-conspiracy law to sue protesters. She may be best known locally for writing the opinion that upheld the corruption conviction of former Illinois Gov. George Ryan, and for her dissenting opinion in what is known as "the mezuzah case." Wood wrote that a condo owner was discriminated against when her building's association removed a mezuzah, a scroll-like container with biblical passages that some Jews nail to their doorposts.
 * Appeals court judge in Chicago believed to be finalist for Supreme Court seat. John McCormick, Jeff Coen. McClatchy - Tribune News Service. Washington: May 23, 2009.

 * ''Perhaps because it originated in a conflict between the Book of Deuteronomy and the rules of the Shoreline Towers condominium, a federal appeals court will give a lawsuit over a mezuzah a rare full-court hearing, Wednesday. [..] Justice Diane Wood dissented: "In my view, the Blochs are raising a straightforward claim of discrimination based on their Jewish religion and ethnicity." [..]Easterbrook and Wood will be joined by others on the 15-judge federal appeals court Wednesday in the Dirksen U.S. Courthouse. An en banc review, as it is called, is seldom granted -- usually a signal the justices sense the makings of a landmark decision.
 * Religious freedom at court's door: Dispute over right to hang mezuzah gets rare full hearing Ron Grossman. McClatchy - Tribune Business News. Washington: May 12, 2009.

 * Diane Wood was appointed to the 7th Circuit by Bill Clinton in 1995. She is reputed to hold her own with Judges Richard Posner and Frank Easterbrook, two big-brain conservatives. She is being targeted for a 2001 decision that allowed the use of the RICO anti-racketeering law to keep anti-abortion protesters away from abortion clinics (until overturned by the Supreme Court in 2003). She also ruled that a convicted sex offender could not be barred from city parks after admitting he had impure thoughts about children but hadn't done anything.
 * BLIND JUSTICE?; Obama's 'empathy' criteria betrays the notion that justice is blind, regardless of whether a litigant is black, white, male, female, gay, straight, rich or poor. ALAN W BOCK, SENIOR EDITORIAL WRITER FOR THE REGISTER. Orange County Register. Santa Ana, Calif.: May 10, 2009.

 * A federal appeals court has overturned the death penalty for a man who raped and murdered a 10-year-old boy while out on parole for child molesting, a crime that led to the creation of the Indiana Sex Offender Registry. Jurors might have spared Christopher Stevens if his attorneys had presented adequate evidence of his mental illness, the 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Chicago found. [..] "In this case, we find a reasonable probability ... that the result would have been different if the jury had heard mainstream expert psychological testimony," Judge Diane Wood wrote in the 2-1 ruling that found Stevens' defense inadequate.
 * Death penalty overturned in case that inspired sex offender registry; [Indiana Edition] Charles Wilson Associated Press. Journal - Gazette. Ft. Wayne, Ind.: Jun 28, 2007. pg. 2.C

 * A federal appellate court has found that the Illinois Gaming Board had the right to revoke the license of the Emerald Casino. The ruling came down from the 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals last week. Judge Diane Wood wrote in the 23-page opinion that Rosemont may be "disappointed that it built an expensive parking garage," but that doesn't mean the gaming board can't oversee gaming. The appellate court took no position on whether the state should or should not have revoked Emerald's license. But the court did reject the claims of Rosemont and Emerald that the state had no right to revoke it.
 * Northwest suburbs in 60 seconds ]; [Cook Edition] Daily Herald. Arlington Heights, Ill.: Apr 10, 2007. pg. 3

 * ''In a stunning reversal, a federal court of appeals struck down a state worker's fraud conviction that Wisconsin Republicans used in efforts to paint Gov. Jim Doyle's administration as corrupt. [..] The decision by the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals in Chicago, which will explain the judges' reasoning, was not immediately available. During oral arguments Thursday, one of the members the three- judge panel said the charges against Thompson were unfounded. "I have to say it strikes me that your evidence is beyond thin," federal Appeals Judge Diane Wood told prosecutors. "I'm not sure what your actual theory in this case is." The court heard arguments in the case Thursday morning and then ordered a trial judge to free Thompson from a federal prison in Illinois, which she entered in November.
 * GEORGIA THOMPSON ACQUITTED, SET FREE ; HER CONVICTION IN TRAVEL AGENCY CASE IS OVERTURNED;[ALL Edition] JASON STEIN  Wisconsin State Journal. Madison, Wis.: Apr 6, 2007. pg. A.1

 * A federal appeals court blasted Attorney General Peg Lautenschlager and an aide on Friday, calling arguments they made in a case "entirely out of line." [..] The 7th Circuit Court of Appeals in Chicago said a legal brief signed by Lautenschlager and Assistant Attorney General Richard Moriarty defending the state in an employee lawsuit was at times bizarre and disrespectful. "We trust the state of Wisconsin will adopt a more appropriate tone in future briefs filed with this court," Judge Diane Wood wrote in an opinion joined by Judges Richard Posner and Terence Evans. Wood used a footnote in the 15-page opinion to chastise a portion of the state's argument in the case. [..] Wood said it was inappropriate for Lautenschlager and Moriarty to argue in the brief, filed last December, that members of the U.S. Supreme Court made "remarkably intransigent statements" and "polarizing declarations" when they split on a case involving the 11th Amendment. The tone was disrespectful of the justices, Wood wrote.
 * FEDERAL APPEALS COURT BLASTS ARGUMENTS BY AG, AIDE ; LAUTENSCHLAGER CLEARED IN ETHICS CASE; [ALL Edition] Staff, wire services. Madison Capital Times. Madison, Wis.: Aug 26, 2006. pg. B.1

 * Qwest CEO Dick Notebaert is in legal trouble over bullish statements he made while chief executive of Tellabs Inc., an Illinois maker of telecommunications equipment. A federal appellate panel ruled Wednesday that portions of a shareholder lawsuit alleging that Tellabs and Notebaert deceived investors could proceed. A lower court had dismissed the civil lawsuit, which covered the period between Dec. 11, 2000, and June 19, 2001. Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Diane Wood wrote in a 28- page decision that some statements attributed to Notebaert about Tellabs' business at the time fell within acceptable corporate "puffery" or optimism. But she found other statements to be "more troublesome, especially when viewed against the backdrop of the company's upbeat attitude." Those included Notebaert saying in March 2001 that a key product was continuing to "maintain its growth rate" while sales actually were waning by an estimated $400 million. "While it is conceivable that Notebaert had yet to see the (internal) reports suggesting his company was in trouble, the plaintiffs have provided enough for a reasonable person to infer that Notebaert knew that his statements were false," Wood wrote. [..] Wood also focused on statements by Notebaert in early 2001 that a new product was being shipped to meet strong demand. Plaintiffs allege that the product wasn't even available until after June 2001. But Wood also noted challenges the shareholders will face in proving their allegations, including a heavy reliance on 27 confidential sources.
 * Notebaert in the hot seat ; Ruling goes against Qwest chief over Tellabs comments; [FINAL Edition] Jeff Smith, Rocky Mountain News. Rocky Mountain News. Denver, Colo.: Jan 26, 2006. pg. 2.B

 * The spectre of class actions for treble damages under the Sherman Antitrust Act changes everything. [..] In Goldwasser v. Ameritech (2000), Judge (and former University of Chicago antitrust professor) Diane Wood took the sound position that comprehensive regulation under the Federal Communications Commission precluded private suits under the Sherman Act.
 * Richard A. Epstein: A changing of the antitrust guard RICHARD A. EPSTEIN. FT.com. London: Nov 13, 2002. pg. 1

 * ''A federal appeals court has denied a jury award to a physiology professor who claimed that officials retaliated against him for his sex discrimination complaints. In a split decision, a three-judge panel of the U.S. 7th Circuit Court of Appeals said it could find no evidence that there had been retaliation against University of Wisconsin-Whitewater Steven Albrechtsen, who had claimed that the school's department of health, physical education, recreation and coaching was dominated by lesbians who treated him unfairly because he's a heterosexual male. [..] Judge Diane Wood, who dissented, said the promotions that Albrechtsen was granted were given under threat of legal action based on the earlier complaints. "Thus, the hostility that erupted in 1998 was not new," Wood wrote. "It merely took on a more virulent form."
 * JURY AWARD FOR PROF NIXED ; HE CLAIMED BIAS AT WHITEWATER; [FIRST Edition] Associated Press. Madison Capital Times. Madison, Wis.: Oct 24, 2002. pg. 4.B

 * A recent opinion by the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals in Chicago reveals the extent to which the Clinton battles have affected the balance between executive confidentiality and the needs of prosecutors. The decision came in a federal investigation of the corruption scandal surrounding Illinois Republican Gov. George Ryan. Federal prosecutors investigating the office of the secretary of state, which Mr. Ryan used to hold, sought testimony from Mr. Ryan's former chief counsel, Roger Bickel. [..] A unanimous panel of the 7th Circuit adopted -- even extended -- the prior courts' view. In a strongly worded opinion written by Judge Diane Wood, a Clinton appointee, the court held that the privilege did not exist before a grand jury and that "the public lawyer is obligated not to protect his governmental client but to ensure its compliance with the law."
 * A Loss of Confidentiality; [FINAL Edition] The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.: Jun 3, 2002. pg. A.14

 * A former assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin- Whitewater, who claimed she was denied tenure for discriminatory reasons, lost her battle for tenure before the 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals of Chicago. Mary Anne Hedrich, 64, said she was not granted tenure by the university in part because of her age. [..] "It is possible, though we express no opinion on the point, that Hedrich's tenure application could have been handled better," wrote Judge Diane Wood. "But on the record before us, no reasonable jury could conclude that Hedrich's denial of tenure violated her rights under federal law."
 * WHITEWATER PROF LOSES TENURE FIGHT; [ALL Edition] Madison Capital Times. Madison, Wis.: Dec 21, 2001. pg. 2.B

 * ''An Indiana man, Anthony Dye, ... sued the city of Elkhart, Ind., police officer William Wargo and, for good measure, Wargo's police dog, Frei. [..] Judge Diane Wood wrote the dissenting opinion, saying that Officer Wargo probably did use excessive force if Dye's account of events is to be believed instead of Wargo's. However, Judge Wood did agree with the majority that the dog was not a legitimate defendant. ".. . no matter how much of an animal lover one may be," she wrote, "a dog at this time is not a 'person' .. . "
 * Doggone it, the pooch was merely earning his keep. State Journal Register. Springfield, Ill.: Jul 15, 2001. pg. 11

 * SBC Communications Inc. last month paid $6.1 million to the federal government for missing performance targets agreed upon as part of its purchase of Ameritech Corp. That is pocket change compared with the $60 million former company managers are asking for in an 8-yearold age-discrimination suit. [..] A panel of three judges reversed the decision last October, sending the suit back to Indianapolis for trial. [..] Seventh Circuit judges cited in their opinion an alleged comment made on tape by a company official as one of the reasons leading to the reversal. "Worst of all was [his] statement that [Ameritech] wanted to go out and hire people under the age of 45 again. True, [he] tried to limit the damage by spinning the remark into one that expressed a desire to hire from colleges again, but a trier of fact could find that this recharacterization did little to change the meaning," wrote Judge Diane Wood.
 * Ameritech still faces $60M suit Scott Olson. Indianapolis Business Journal. Indianapolis: Jan 01, 2001. Vol. 21, Iss. 43; pg. 1

 * '' A group of Wisconsin smokers is not entitled to a piece of 1998's $206 billion settlement between 46 states and the tobacco industry, a federal appeals court has ruled. [..] "All parties to the MSA were represented by prominent counsel, and any questions of interpretation of that agreement beyond what we have addressed is for another day," wrote Judge Diane Wood. "We add that the administration problems that would be created by any other ruling would be nightmarish."
 * Court rules against group of smokers; [Metro Edition] Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Milwaukee, Wis.: Sep 21, 2000. pg. 025.B

 * A federal appeals court yesterday ruled against the nation's largest toy retailer, finding Toys "R" Us Inc. had acted illegally to raise competitors prices and reduce competition. The unanimous decision by a three-judge panel in Chicago was a major victory for the Federal Trade Commission, which had first brought the charges in 1996. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit rejected the company's challenge of the FTC's findings and its order to halt practices which the agency charged had led toymakers to deny their most popular products to discount shopping clubs. "We conclude that the commission's decision is supported by substantial evidence on the record, and that its remedial decree falls within the broad discretion it has been granted under the FTC Act," said Judge Diane Wood, in the opinion.
 * FTC scores major court victory over Toys `R' Us; [1 7 Edition] Tim Dobbyn. The San Diego Union - Tribune. San Diego, Calif.: Aug 2, 2000. pg. C.4

 * A federal appellate court in Chicago shot down an attempt by the St. Croix Chippewa to put the brakes on a bid to turn Hudson's failing dog track into an Indian casino. The St. Croix, who already operate two profitable casinos in northwestern Wisconsin, asked the Chicago panel to overturn a lawsuit settlement that paves the way for the federal government to approve the casino. [..] The court's response: tough. "It is hard to find anything in (federal Indian gaming law) that suggests an affirmative right for nearby tribes to be free from economic competition," Circuit Judge Diane Woods wrote in the unanimous opinion.
 * At U.S. courthouse; [Final Edition] CARY SPIVAK AND DAN BICE. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Milwaukee, Wis.: Jun 8, 2000. pg. 025.A

 * ''Laws in Illinois and Wisconsin banning a type of late-term abortion were put on hold Tuesday by a Supreme Court justice. Justice John Paul Stevens barred the two states from enforcing the laws while opponents ask the Supreme Court to decide whether they violate women's right to abortion. [..]  Since then, the appeals court twice refused to halt the laws' enforcement but each time decided to reconsider. Tuesday, the court refused a third time to block the laws, voting 5-5. Judge Diane Wood, writing for the five dissenting judges, called the action "ill-advised" because appeals courts disagree about whether such laws are constitutional.
 * Justice Stevens blocks abortion laws in 2 states; [METRO Edition] Laurie Asseo. San Antonio Express-News. San Antonio, Tex.: Dec 1, 1999. pg. 4A

 * ''The state cannot require prison inmates to attend religion-based counseling programs, a federal appeals court has decided. The 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said officials at Oakhill Correctional Institution violated the First Amendment when they forced an inmate to attend meetings of Narcotics Anonymous. [..] U.S. District Judge John Shabaz accepted Farrey's explanation and threw out the lawsuit last year. The appeals court, though, disagreed: `A straightforward reading of the twelve steps shows clearly that the steps are based on the monotheistic idea of a single God or Supreme Being," Judge Diane Wood wrote for the court. "Because that is true, the program runs afoul of the prohibition against the state's favoring religion in general over non-religion."
 * CONVICTS CAN'T BE FORCED INTO RELIGION; [All Edition] Cary Segall, Wisconsin State Journal. Wisconsin State Journal. Madison, Wis.: Aug 30, 1996. pg. 1.C

Noted cases discussion
This isn't a template, just a start. Some of these received no more attention than a single mention in a local paper while others were widely reported.  Will Beback   talk    22:43, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Ok, so is your idea that all these cases are "noteworthy"? Because blippy local news stories are not that impressive for Court of Appeals decisions.  Again, there are thousands and thousands of these.  Why is there now a sudden push to place all these in Judge Woods wiki bio?  And I still would prefer we come up with a list more in line with other wiki pages, or just plain common sense.  No encyclopedia entry would dedicate a quarter or more of the space to rote summaries of 10-20 opinions.  I don't even think Supreme Court Justices get that sort of treatment.  Shouldn't the criteria be something greater than 'some newspaper ran a one-off story on this decision' - because that would justify inclusion of hundreds and hundreds of these decision summaries for every single Court of Appeals judge.  Veritasjohn (talk) 05:27, 15 April 2010 (UTC)
 * No. I certainly don't think that all of these are especially notable. But I'd say that nothing that isn't included here is notable, unless other signs of notability can be found. I don't think we should include all of these, or even half of them. The logical criteria would be those which have received the most attention. My guess is that something like five or so cases would stand out.   Will Beback    talk    06:04, 15 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I've removed some cases that didn't seem to have been covered in the contemporary press as listed above.   Will Beback    talk    10:18, 15 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I think a couple of the cases you pulled are fine, but Bayo is the most recent decision of the whole Seventh Circuit (en banc), one of the few en banc decisions authored by Wood, and was supported by a citation. (Opalkt (talk) 13:01, 15 April 2010 (UTC))
 * A blog doesn't count, but if it's notable you should be able to find better sources.   Will Beback    talk    18:33, 15 April 2010 (UTC)
 * More importantly, recency is not notability. -Rrius (talk) 21:10, 15 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I've trimmed the long descriptions a bit, to focus just on what Wood did and to leave out the background descriptions. Cases that are truly notable should get articles of their own.   Will Beback    talk    07:11, 19 April 2010 (UTC)
 * That's vandalism. We discussed trimming on this talk page. If you would like create separate pages, do so. Do not simply delete information based on your own personal preferences.(JD3000 (talk) 18:42, 19 April 2010 (UTC))
 * Read WP:Vandal (and WP:Civil) before tossing around accusations of vandalism. More to the point, He is not "simply deleting information based on his own personal preferences". The discussion of how to reduce the size of the summaries has been going on for some time, and his edit was a reasonable step in furtherance of that discussion. -Rrius (talk) 19:13, 19 April 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree with Rrius. Additionally, given that a number of users like JD3000, Opalkt, Winter5210, and Bobbyt02 have been making changes almost exclusively to the Wood article, then some revert any good faith changes with specious charges as "vandalism," I think some greater discussion of future changes is in order. Zz414 20:29, 19 April 2010 (UTC)
 * If you are all in agreement, then I'm fine leaving it as is. I've been trying to keep a close eye on Judge Wood's opinions given the press attention, but it seems like the group has spoken. Cheers, (JD3000 (talk) 21:39, 19 April 2010 (UTC))
 * Spare us the martyr act. I didn't pass judgment on the particulars of the edit. Rather, I found your accusation unwarranted and impolite. If you have specific issues to raise about the edits, go ahead and do so, but the edit was made in good faith, being in no way vandalism or POV. -Rrius (talk) 22:00, 19 April 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Diane Wood


text:
Talk:Promotional Copy

Untitled
I added an info box. I am unsure, though, of some of the information needed, I left it blank and hopefully other users will be able to add any relevant info.

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title: Talk:Promotional Copy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sandeep Sinha

The result was delete. Yunshui 雲 水 10:38, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

Sandeep Sinha

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

WP is not Guiness worlds records  DGG ( talk ) 05:46, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Artists-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 06:56, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 06:56, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete Sufficiently narrowly defined, everyone holds a world record for something. Vexations (talk) 11:56, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete single event, no other coverage.ThatMontrealIP (talk) 13:47, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * On first glance, this might appear to be a WP:BLP1E. However, Sinha also garnered media attention for setting a different world record ("Most Miniature Paintings on a Single Canvas") and there are a bunch of sources that aren't yet cited in the article, both English and non-English . Sinha lists more sources on his website. I don't have a strong opinion on whether this is enough coverage to establish notability, but just wanted to point  out the additional sources. – Lord Bolingbroke (talk) 18:50, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * (Pinging and  in case they would like to consider these sources.) – Lord Bolingbroke (talk) 19:50, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I will stick with delete. Both activites are a bit silly, and I wonder if they are actually true. I am pretty sure there are larger oil paintings out there somewhere. As says, we are not the Guiness World Book of Records. Even if this potentially meets gng by virtue of coverage of world record events, I am inclined to IAR and keep with delete on the basis that these events are non-events.ThatMontrealIP (talk) 20:01, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * , those sources contradict the claim that Sinha created "World’s largest professional oil painting by a single artist". To quote: While painting is something that Sandeep enjoys and uses as a medium of stress management, he currently works as an IT Professional with Tech Mahindra, Pune (originally hailing from Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh). The artist uses acrylic colours. (emphasis mine). Vexations (talk) 20:54, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * , bear in mind that the source you're quoting is from June 2017, while Sinha didn't begin work on the oil painting until August 2018. – Lord Bolingbroke (talk) 21:02, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * , I'm rather concerned that the reporters do not know the difference between oil and acrylic paints. The Hindustan Times wrote: He then turned towards oil paintings. "Gradually I found my love for acrylics." This is all to silly for words. The subject is a hobbyist who gets attention for setting records for some narrowly defined goal that no-one else has even attempted to break. Vexations (talk) 21:21, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm inclined to agree with you . This source says that Sinha's work was exhibited at the Raja Ravi Verma Art Gallery, so I don't think it's fair to say that he has only received attention for setting obscure records. However, that exhibition on its own isn't enough to pass WP:NARTIST, and, like you, I'm not thrilled about the quality of the sources. I'll see if I can find additional sources that would establish Sinha's general notability, but right now I'm leaning towards deleting the article. – Lord Bolingbroke (talk) 21:42, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * The show at the Raja Ravi Varma Art gallery was only two days long, and it was at a vanity gallery devoted to showing the work of the artist Raja Ravi Verma. The gallery opened in 2014 and is now permanently closed. That does not seem significant. Netherzone (talk) 22:23, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete - Even with the new material Lord Bolingbroke posted above, the subject of this article does not meet WP:ARTIST criteria. There seem to be no significant exhibitions or museum collections. I'm not convinced it is enough to garner media media attention for world records. Netherzone (talk) 20:54, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete. Multiple Guinness World Records do not constitute multiple events, still falls under BLP1E as an artist famous for earning obscure Guinness World Records. Any other events do not satisfy notability criteria for WP:ARTIST. On a different note, "WP is not Guinness worlds records" is such a fantastic phrase that I'm tempted to make a WP:NGUINNESS redirect to WP:NOT. Utopes (talk) 01:33, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Actually, I thought we had one. Following your suggestion, I added it.  DGG ( talk ) 07:25, 26 September 2019 (UTC)


text:
Courrendlin

Courrendlin is a municipality in the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Rebeuvelier and Vellerat merged into the municipality of Courrendlin.

History
Courrendlin is first mentioned in 866 as Rendelana Corte.

Geography
Courrendlin has an area of. Of this area, 4.79 km2 or 43.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.4 km2 or 39.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.67 km2 or 15.1% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.1 km2 or 0.9% is either rivers or lakes and 0.07 km2 or 0.6% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 2.9% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 5.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.6%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.6% of the area Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 25.5% is used for growing crops and 12.1% is pastures and 5.1% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located in the Delemont district, on the Birs river as it flows out of Moutier canyon. It consists of the old linear village of Courrendlin on the right side of the river, the train station and newer housing developments on the left bank and the foundry complex of Choindez south of the village.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent, a Falcon Azure langued and belled Gules statant on Coupeaux Vert.

Demographics
Courrendlin has a population of. , 21.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 6 years (2010-2016) the population has changed at a rate of 12.40%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2016, was 12.0, while the death rate was 10.9 per thousand residents.

Most of the population speaks French (2,152 or 88.4%) as their first language, German is the second most common (127 or 5.2%) and Italian is the third (44 or 1.8%). There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.

, the population was 49.8% male and 50.2% female. The population was made up of 1,008 Swiss men (40.7% of the population) and 225 (9.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,036 Swiss women (41.8%) and 208 (8.4%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 823 or about 33.8% were born in Courrendlin and lived there in 2000. There were 753 or 30.9% who were born in the same canton, while 437 or 17.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 361 or 14.8% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24.0% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 59.1% of the population and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16.9%. In 2015 there were 1,237 single residents, 1,207 people who were married or in a civil partnership, 139 widows or widowers and 200 divorced residents.

, there were 968 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household. There were 271 households that consist of only one person and 73 households with five or more people. , a total of 946 apartments (89.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 54 apartments (5.1%) were seasonally occupied and 52 apartments (4.9%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 5.7 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 5.3%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Sights
The entire Choindez area is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the SP with 31.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (22.1%), the CVP (18.7%) and the FDP (10.1%). In the federal election, a total of 794 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 52.7%.

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 47.24% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (16.81%), the CVP (14.55%) and the FDP (13.46%). In the federal election, a total of 659 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 41.1%.

Economy
Courrendlin is a periurbane community. The municipality is part of the agglomeration of Delémont. , there were a total of 743 people employed in the municipality. Of these, 36 people worked in 18 businesses in the primary economic sector. The secondary sector employed 323 workers in 45 separate businesses, with one business employing 124 workers. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 384 jobs in 105 businesses. In 2016 a total of 12.2% of the population received social assistance.

In 2011 the unemployment rate in the municipality was 5.6%.

In 2015 the average cantonal, municipal and church tax rate in the municipality for a couple with two children making CHF80,000 was 6% while the rate for a single person making CHF150,000 was 20%, both of which are close to the average for the canton. The canton has a slightly higher than average tax rate for those making CHF80,000 and a slightly higher than average rate for those making CHF150,000. In 2013 the average income in the municipality per tax payer was CHF65,140 and the per person average was CHF24,146, which is less than the cantonal average of CHF66,925 and CHF26,992 respectively  It is also less than the national per tax payer average of CHF82,682 and the per person average of CHF35,825.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 601. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 27, of which 26 were in agriculture and 1 was in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 260 of which 193 or (74.2%) were in manufacturing and 65 (25.0%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 314. In the tertiary sector; 123 or 39.2% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 29 or 9.2% were in the movement and storage of goods, 18 or 5.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4 or 1.3% were in the information industry, 3 or 1.0% were the insurance or financial industry, 15 or 4.8% were technical professionals or scientists, 33 or 10.5% were in education and 23 or 7.3% were in health care.

, there were 602 workers who commuted into the municipality and 872 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.4 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 6.0% of the workforce coming into Courrendlin are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 15.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 65% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 1,698 or 69.7% were Roman Catholic, while 391 or 16.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church, there were 2 individuals (or about 0.08% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 103 individuals (or about 4.23% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 74 (or about 3.04% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 2 individuals who were Buddhist, 1 person who was Hindu and 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 137 (or about 5.63% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 75 individuals (or about 3.08% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Courrendlin about 889 or (36.5%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 177 or (7.3%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 177 who completed tertiary schooling, 64.4% were Swiss men, 25.4% were Swiss women, 7.9% were non-Swiss men.

The Canton of Jura school system provides two year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school followed by some form of Tertiary school or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2009-10 school year, there were a total of 127 students attending 7 classes in Courrendlin. There were no kindergarten classes in the municipality. The municipality had no primary school classes, all the students attended school in a neighboring school. During the same year, there were 7 lower secondary classes with a total of 127 students.

, there were 46 students in Courrendlin who came from another municipality, while 85 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Courrendlin


text:
User:Rayc/Youtube

This is a sample for the hunters and gather's project. I take a random topic, search for it on you tube and return with a video that could be useful for the topic. The videos are being stored here as to not spam the topic pages, and to deal with legal concerns about the videos

Machinima

 * Halo 2 How to make Machinima Part 1

Art

 * How to make a web comic

Politics

 * [That other video]

Topic:Project Management

 * Software Project Management in 15 Minutes Part 1-abridged book as ad for book
 * Software Project Management in 15 Minutes Part 2-abridged book as ad for book

Topic:Euclidean Geometry

 * Formulas From Geometry - Part 1- video tutor series, released either as advertisement for professional math tutoring or illegally

Topic:Web Design

 * Dare To Be Different-Business & Web Design Marketing Tips -unknown source

Topic:Acids and bases

 * Chemistry: Section 2 - looks like a teacher made these and posted them, or their students did

Topic:Private Pilot License

 * GFT Private Pilot License - ad for a company on the benefits of Private Pilot License

Topic:Java

 * Java GUI Tutorial - Text, Images, Music, Buttons, TextFields - Young kid's Java tutorial

Topic:Mechanical Engineering

 * Video Game in Mechanical Engineering Education - ad for a course in mechanical engineering

Topic:Craft Arts

 * ceramic - 4 part demonstration on making a ceramic pot

Topic:Torah

 * Weekly Torah Lesson: Genesis - part of a series from "Universal Torah Network"

title: User:Rayc/Youtube


text:
Talk:Nitrogen/Archive 2

Density correction
You have the density listed as 1.251 g/L. I believe it should be 1.251 kg/L. Bobonumba1 (talk) 20:49, 15 December 2016 (UTC)
 * No. It's a gas at standard temperature and pressure and the density is correct. Meters (talk) 21:17, 15 December 2016 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 24 May 2017
Spelling: Correct 'amtmosphere' in Applications / Gas in the sentence: "The gas is mostly used as an inert amtmosphere whenever..." <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:08, 24 May 2017 (UTC)
 * ✅ Thank you! Double sharp (talk) 12:29, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Nitrogen. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121101100510/http://www.lateralscience.co.uk/activen/index.html to http://www.lateralscience.co.uk/activen/index.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://ucih.ucdavis.edu/docs/chemistry_301a.pdf

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:02, 2 August 2017 (UTC)

MO diagram...
The molecular orbital diagram here in the allotropes section([]) is quite different from the one for the same molecule given here([]. The bonding 2p pi orbitals are lower in energy compared to the bonding 2p sigma orbital as per the latter while the one in this article shows the opposite picture. As my understanding of molecular orbital theory is quite limited, i am not sure which one is correct. Although what i have learnt till now tells me that the latter is correct, i think it would be best to let someone with a better understanding of the theory to have a look and suggest an edit... — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:45, 20 March 2018 (UTC)
 * The scale is somewhat exaggerated: the energies of the 2sσ, 2pσ, and 2pπ orbitals are actually very close. I redrew the MO diagram here from Clayden, Greeves, and Warren (p. 94), but they left out this detail for simplification (since it wasn't their focus, although in that case I would've thought it sounder to use O2 as the example instead). The bonding 2pσ orbital should indeed be higher in energy than the bonding 2pπ orbitals because the 2s and 2p orbitals are still similar enough in energy at N2 to have a significant bonding interaction, decreasing the energy of the 2sσ orbital and increasing that of the 2pσ orbital (see ChemWiki for a more complete explanation). I have replaced the diagram and tagged the old one for deletion, as it is wrong. Thank you for alerting me to this! Double sharp (talk) 07:21, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

New finding about Nitrogen
Accodirding to this article Nitrogen is found in metallic fluid in the Earth's core. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:56, 10 July 2018 (UTC)

Untitled
Article changed over to new WikiProject Elements format by David M, and Malcolm Farmer. Elementbox converted 12:08, 23 Jun 2005 by Femto (previous revision was that of 02:15, 18 Jun 2005).

This article seems to omit information about Nitrogen in the most common form we encounter it - molecular nitrogen gas (N2) in the atmosphere, molecular mass ~28 etc - confusing for people comparing gases… — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:55, 15 October 2018 (UTC)
 * N2 is covered in many places in the article, for example the "Allotropes" section, and all the information about applications and precautions focuses on it (or else we should have a ridiculously long article given the great variety of N compounds). Obtaining properties like molecular mass from those given in the infobox is at most a matter of simple calculation (the kind that should have been taught in beginning chemistry classes). Double sharp (talk) 05:11, 18 October 2018 (UTC)

Information Sources
Some of the text in this entry was rewritten from Los Alamos National Laboratory - Nitrogen. Additional text was taken directly from USGS Nitrogen Statistics and Information,USGS Periodic Table - Nitrogen, from the Elements database 20001107 (via dict.org), Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) (via dict.org) and WordNet (r) 1.7 (via dict.org). Data for the table was obtained from the sources listed on the main page and WikiProject Elements but was reformatted and converted into SI units.

Can some one please help with this edit
I was looking up the density for Nitrogen in the side table and noticed that the referenced website page no longer exists. the website itself doenst seem to be a reliable sources anyways. I can not figure out how to edit the this side bar....

Can some one please help me change update the density to 1.2506 kg/m^3 (at STP). kg/m^3 is easier to work with than g/L, also the cited website is a widely accepted source for engineers like myself:

https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/gas-density-d_158.html

also the critical point it wrong. Here is the link to the wiki's critical point page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_point_(thermodynamics)

I have other journal papers that also cite the critical point, but I have special access to them so...

SuperSonicFlow (talk) 06:49, 27 January 2019 (UTC)SuperSonicFlow
 * I have made the changes (there's also a more accurate critical point given at Critical points of the elements (data page), so I used that one instead). Double sharp (talk) 15:21, 27 January 2019 (UTC)

Double sharp Thanks, i kept referencing for my project and was driving me nuts why my code was adding up! SuperSonicFlow (talk) 19:20, 27 January 2019 (UTC)SuperSonicFlow

Longest nitrogen chain and electron affinity
Greenwood and Earnshaw give 8 N atoms. Apparently now it is 11. However I guess the exact figure and exact compound does not really matter since (1) it is all small potatoes compared to thousands of carbon atoms and (2) something that G&E devote literally one line to is probably not worth including. So I deleted the exact number and compound.

As for electron affinity; while this was initially mentioned, it was not cited, so I removed it. It is a real thing, I would not object to its return with a citation, but it should perhaps be noted that G&E make no bones about it being negative for N, which makes me wary about its actual importance. Just from the UK high school syllabus you can see electron affinity becomes important for calculations when you are trying to make an ionic compound only, and in that case it doesn't really matter that it goes a bit negative (never mind qualms about whether they really are significantly negative in reliable sources) because the lattice energy will overcome it. The second electron affinity for oxygen and sulfur is also negative, but that never stopped ionic oxides and sulfides from existing. Double sharp (talk) 04:41, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

+6 oxidation state of nitrogen
In this article, the author mention about the very unstable existence of +6 oxidation state of nitrogen but didn't cite them and I couldn't find any articles about it. Can anyone help me cite them? Ilys6 (talk) 06:31, 20 July 2021 (UTC)

Physical Properties
The density is given at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), which is defined as 0°C and 100.0 kPa since 1982. However, the note next to the density N2 specification ("0°C and 1013 mbar") seems to loosely imply that the pre-1982 definition of STP is used. The density value refers to The Engineering Toolbox, which explicitly uses the pre-1982 STP definition. The value of the N2 density specified on the Wikipedia page does indeed seem to pertain to the pre-1982 STP definition. Using the current STP definition, the correct value would therefore be closer 1.249, but I don't know the exact value.

I would suggest to convert the density number to conform with the post-1982 STP definition, and change the reference to read "derived from The Engineering Toolbox" or similar.

Mbrennwa (talk) 06:27, 4 July 2022 (UTC)

Cryogenic History
It is worth mentioning that Nitrogen was first liquefied in 1883 by Wrobleski and Olzewski. (Taken from "Cryogenic Technology" edited by Robert W. Vance, published by John Wiley & sons inc. 1963)

Scheele
Scheele discovered nitrogen in the same year as Rutherford.

"Planet" Pluto
It won't let me edit the page but someone with privileges to edit it might want to just have it say "Pluto" instead of "the planet Pluto". No need to have anything unnecessarily argumentative put into it. Whether you think it should count as a planet or not, you should be fine with it just being referred to as Pluto. This is in the image on Pluto to the right of the section on solid nitrogen.

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:36, 9 August 2022 (UTC)

 * ✅ It's against the IAU convention anyway (see Dwarf planet). –LaundryPizza03 ( d c̄ ) 01:44, 9 August 2022 (UTC)

"Mephitic" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Mephitic and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 September 30 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. 1234qwer1234qwer4 14:06, 30 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nitrogen/Archive 2


text:
oxazoline

Noun

 * 1)  An unsaturated heterocyclic compound containing a five-membered ring, one double bond, one nitrogen and one oxygen atom; any derivative of this compound

title: oxazoline


text:
Category talk:People from Oxford

Oxfordians (category)
I'm sorry the category Oxfordians was changed to "People from Oxford", since an Oxfordian usually means a member of the University of Oxford rather than a person from Oxford. This is like changing "Etonians" to "People from Eton": most people from Eton are not what virtually everybody understands by the term "Etonian". I think "Oxfordian" can mean either of the city or of the university, but "People from Oxford" doesn't have those two meanings: it only means people who have some connection with the city by means of birth, residence, etc. I would say that I am an Oxfordian because I am a member of the university, but I wouldn't say that I am a person from Oxford, because I was born, and now live permanently, in London.--<IP_ADDRESS> 18:12, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Interesting to see people Oxford category.

Oxford is rather devoid of sports achievers who were actually born in Oxford or grew up in Oxford. I notice Vic Mobley and Garry Parker are included as soccer players. Neither played for their country at the highest level, though of course both were excellent players.

Anne Wheeler swam for both Great Britain and Wales, English schools champion 1968 and Welsh record holder in 110 yards.

There must be others whou would qualify for this list. /*Oxfordians(category)*/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:50, 25 July 2010 (UTC)

title: Category talk:People from Oxford


text:
User:Invinoveritas777

As Wikipedia becomes an invaluable source of information, I'd like to contribute and do what I can. Better late than never

title: User:Invinoveritas777


text:
User:Holtwick

= Dirk Holtwick =

Software Developer based in Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.

Website:

 * holtwick.de

Products and projects:

 * receipts-app.com - macOS financial document management
 * onepile.app - privacy respecting note taking and document management
 * pdfify.app - text recognition (OCR) for PDF
 * brie.fi/ng - secure video chat via WebRTC (Open Source)
 * peer.school - virtual class room (Open Source)

title: User:Holtwick


text:
Wikijunior:Solar System/Comets

What is a Comet?
Think of a comet as a big, dirty, gassy snowball. Comets are formed in the ring of rocks, dust, and ice that orbits the Sun beyond Pluto called the Kuiper Belt. Comets form when rocks, dust, and ice condense – that is, join together. As a comet grows larger, it starts to be pulled towards and around the Sun. Comets in our Solar System usually take many years to go around the Sun – from a few dozen years to many thousands of years. This is because they start to orbit the sun from very far away. They make long, egg-shaped orbits around the Sun instead of almost circular ones like the planets.

What does a Comet look like?
The comets that can be seen in the sky without telescopes are unusual because they are the biggest and brightest comets of all. You might have the chance to see one once or twice during your life. Most comets can only be seen with a telescope. The few that can be seen with human eyes are usually just hazy streaks or faint smudges in the night sky.

When comets are very far away from the Sun, they are covered in a coating of icy, black rocks and dust. As a comet approaches the Sun, however, the ice starts to melt. This creates large amounts of water and gas that break through the coating, freeing some of the dust and rocks. Sometimes this water, gas, rocks, and dust can be seen from the Earth as one or two tails streaming away from the comet. Even when only one tail can be seen, there are two, one made from the lighter gas and water, and the other from the rocks, dust, and chunks of ice.

Comets themselves are usually between a few kilometres and several hundred kilometres in size, but their tails can be several million kilometres long.

Seeing Comets in the Sky
The "great comets" that produce particularly spectacular tails are some of the rarest objects in our solar system. Usually they can only be seen about once every hundred years, so it is very rare to see one of these comets. The last great comet appeared in 1910, but it may still be another hundred years before another one comes near the Earth. Astronomers can't predict exactly how or when they will appear as there are still things about our Solar System that they don't understand. If you hear about a comet coming into the sky soon, follow the instructions below to watch it!

 * 1) Find out if the comet is going to be in your area of the sky.
 * 2) Get a telescope or binoculars and some chairs to view it.  Many of the largest comets have never even needed a telescope to see them.
 * 3) Ask your parents to take you to a park, the woods or another dark place away from city lights.
 * 4) Look up into the sky and enjoy this amazing sight.

Usually the dust making up the comet's tail is so faint you can't see it. However, when the Earth's orbit takes it through one of these tails, the dust hits the Earth's atmosphere and burns up.

These are the recurring meteor showers that happen from time to time, and most major meteor showers have now been identified either with an existing comet or the remains of a comet that was observed earlier, usually in previous centuries. When the Earth travels through this "swarm" of dust left behind, you can see shooting stars or meteors at night.

How many Comets are there?
No one really knows. All comets spend most of their orbit so far away from the sun that they can't be seen -- even with a telescope. However, every year amateur astronomers discover over 100 never-seen-before comets that have come close enough to be discovered. As of November 2005, astronomers have discovered 2 857 comets. Most of the comets we see either crash into the Sun, or leave the Solar System entirely. There might be millions of these comets that sooner or later will come within range of our telescopes.

Of all the comets that have ever been seen, astronomers only expect 253 comets to ever return.

How is a Comet named?
A comet is usually named after the astronomer who first discovered it. When several people are involved in its discovery, sometimes you will see multiple names on a comet, like Comet Hale-Bopp, or Comet Shoemaker-Levy. It is generally considered to be a great honor to have a comet named after you.

What are some famous Comets in history?
[[Image:Halley's comet orbit.PNG|right|thumb|upright=1.5|This diagram shows the orbit of Halley's comet around the Sun. There are a few things to note about this orbit.
 * It is much more elongated than a planet's orbit.
 * It is not in the same plane as the planets.
 * It goes round its orbit in the opposite direction. This is called retrograde motion. ]]

 * Halley's Comet - Perhaps the most famous of all comets, and this was the first comet to be identified as a recurring comet.
 * Comet Encke - The second comet to be identified as a recurring comet.
 * Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 - This was the first comet to have been observed hitting another body in the Solar System. In this case, it smashed into the planet Jupiter in what was possibly  the most studied astronomical event in history.

Do comets bring bad luck?
In ancient times people didn't have a very good understanding of what comets really were or where they came from. They were seen as very unusual objects in the sky, and very temporary in nature as well. In some societies it was often a sign of bad events in the future when a comet arrived, associated with the death of a king or a significant military defeat. In other countries comets were considered to bring good luck, bringing increased fertility and more food. The ancient Chinese astronomers seem to have done the best job of actually recording when comets appeared in the sky, and left detailed descriptions of what they looked like and approximately where in the sky each comet was seen.

Even as recently as the 1910 appearance of Halley's Comet there was widespread panic when it was discovered that the Earth might pass through the tail of that comet. The panic was over the possibility of gases from the comet flooding the atmosphere of the Earth with poison. The reality was that there is so little gas in a comet tail that there is no measurable effect in the content of the Earth's atmosphere when an event like this occurs. Next Topic: Kuiper Belt

title: Wikijunior:Solar System/Comets


text:
Barbara Cheeseborough

Barbara Cheeseborough (née Bowman) (March 14, 1946 – October 24, 2013) was an American fashion model of the 1960s and 1970s, known for promoting an Afrocentric style.

Biography
Cheeseborough was born March 14, 1946, in Philadelphia. After her marriage to William Edward Cheeseborough, a fashion photographer, she moved to New York City to begin a career in fashion modelling. Her career spanned 20+ years and she appeared in Essence, Bazaar, Redbook, Vogue and Cosmopolitan magazines.

She famously appeared on the cover of the first issue of Essence Magazine in 1970. Her appearance on the cover of Essence was described by NPR (National Public Radio) of as "the first to show an Afrocentric beauty standard when millions of young women were casting about for a kind of beauty they could identify with and replicate." Cheeseborough also appeared on the 1970 debut album of the band Funkadelic, as well as the iconic cover of their third release Maggot Brain in 1971.

Cheeseborough died on October 24, 2013, of colon cancer at the age of 67.

title: Barbara Cheeseborough


text:
succeder

Verb

 * 1) to succeed

Verb

 * 1) to succeed follow in order; to come next after; hence, to take the place of

title: succeder


text:
User:MichaelBillingtonBot~enwikiversity/Blog

- RSS version of this page

This is just a 'sandbox blog' of sorts, to show you all what this bot does. Feel free to make nonsense posts here, it doesn't bother me :-) Michael Billington (talk • contribs) 05:35, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

Testing
How does this work? Thuvack 10:51, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

=Ignored heading= blah

Subheading which isn't ignored
foo

Subeading which is ignored
quux

etc
baz

etc
sponge chalk mouse giraffe cheese?


text:
Talk:Don Rojas

Untitled
Previous versions of this article had some interesting info that has been deleted in the current version. Interested readers should check the earlier versions.

External links modified
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:23, 15 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Don Rojas


text:
User:Guava6007/sandbox

Ansh Sharma is a professional Gamer, Hacker and a Youtuber. He has a YouTube channel named Dr.DiamondBack.

Instagram Link -

title: User:Guava6007/sandbox


text:
Wikipedia:POTD column/April 13, 2006

The activation energy in chemistry and biology is the threshold energy, or the energy that must be overcome in order for a chemical reaction to occur. Activation energy may otherwise be denoted as the minimum energy necessary for a specific chemical reaction to occur. The sparks generated by striking steel against flint provide the activation energy to initiate combustion in this bunsen burner. The blue flame will sustain itself after the sparks are extinguished because the continued combustion of the flame is now energetically favorable.

Photo credit: Debivort Archive - Nominate new image

title: Wikipedia:POTD column/April 13, 2006