text:
31 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't think a sum-of-parts argument is valid against a compound word. It remains to be seen if sufficient citations can be dug up for this term.  (Rightly, that would be the proponent's responsibility.)  --Connel MacKenzie 02:00, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

 * That's reasonable. Objection withdrawn.  Rod (A. Smith) 04:06, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

Keep. Why delete? It exists. I had no idea what it meant. Widsith 14:41, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Visviva has now found the third cite. DAVilla 18:46, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

RFV passed. Thanks, all. —Ruakh TALK 17:38, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

douche bag
Non-vulgar sense. Does it mean that at all? (Also, is the vulgar, pejorative sense US only?) --Connel MacKenzie 23:03, 30 August 2007 (UTC)
 * re the non-vulgar sense - I can't see any b.g.c hits that mean that. However I am just about to add the sense "a bag for holding the water or fluid used in douching" (wording from Wikipedia) as this is how almost all the b.g.c hits use the term.
 * re the vulgar sense - I suspect it is just US only - I cannot recall ever hearing it from non-Americans. I'll not mark it so yet as there are others here more familiar with contemporary UK slang usages than me. Thryduulf 00:11, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks; I've made a correction as per your observation. Also of note: the Wikipedia article specifically lists the French meaning "shower" as a false-friend.  --Connel MacKenzie 18:08, 31 August 2007 (UTC)  Don't we have a template for false friends floating around somewhere?  --Connel MacKenzie 16:52, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I have certainly heard this used in the UK, but it might be chiefly US. Most US slang seems to get imitated in the UK thanks to television, music, the Internet and, of course, Hollywood.  RobbieG 20:00, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

hopper
Sense of "a toilet's water tank/toilet seat" (marked as "localism or slang"). Thryduulf 16:35, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Sounds like definition 1...but even a plummer would call it the toilet's hopper, right? --Connel MacKenzie 16:46, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

woopiedoo
Whoop-de-do(o) certainly exists (see onelook.com); is this what is meant here? — Paul G 16:57, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

 * A word with the sound "woopiedoo" certainly exists in UK English, although I don't know how it is written. The pronunciation is quite likely derived from just omitting the first "d" from "whoop-de-doo", but whether this is just a pronunciation or is a separate word I don't know. The pronunciation with the "d"  does exist in UK English as well, but I can't remember the last time I heard it other than with heavy sarcasm. Thryduulf 02:14, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I use it in speech in both a positive and negative sense but I have never written it down so I can't advise on spelling. Thorskegga 09:36, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

artisanal
Hip-hop sense. Nothing evident on b.g.c. or Usenet. -- Visviva 17:13, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

ambonoclast
And if this is real, can anyone flesh out the etymology? —Ruakh TALK 04:52, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Seems real; etymology fleshed out, although I suspect the proper root of ambono- is somewhere in koine or medieval Greek (where presumably the "screen" sense was acquired) rather than Attic. -- Visviva 13:21, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Awesome, thank you! :-D —Ruakh TALK 15:00, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

Request withdrawn. —Ruakh TALK 15:00, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wiktionary:Requests for verification archive/August 2007


text:
Talk:Foundations of mathematical concepts

May I help? --Krishnaaz 16:33, 30 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Absolutely :-) --HappyCamper 07:29, 21 August 2006 (UTC)


text:
Talk:List of single-digit salary earners

Deletion
I'm going to mark this article for deletion unless someone feels strongly against it. "Single digit salary" is a completely ridiculous and arbitrary value, and can range from absolutely nothing at all (see for example the current status in zimbabwe), to well, almost credible for some nation, if that is 9 units of currency as a weekly salary. At least I think it breaks WP:NOT, and if this were a traditional wikipedia list, it would also break WP:OC and WP:OC -- Pipatron (talk) 22:48, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree with the notion that this article is absurd. Each of the people on this list  individually probably has a net worth exceeding all of the people (voluntary contributors and paid staff combined) that contribute to Wikipedia. What is the preoccupation with the alleged "nobleness" of these list qualifiers?  They simply get paid differently than the majority of us do.  They don't work for a salary to begin with, any more than Wall Street executives did... They acquire their wealth Stevenmitchell (talk) 08:19, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I too agree, and have added subst:afd to the article.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:16, 8 November 2009 (UTC)

Legality
Does anyone know how this can comply with minimum-wage laws? Boris B 06:03, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I believe salary is defined differently from wage. This link might help: Salary.  Squids ' and ' Chips  23:05, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

 * What does a salaried income of a corporate officer have to do with minimum wage? If there were a correlation, then no one would start a new business... Stevenmitchell (talk) 07:56, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

Avoid Taxation?
They still have to pay capital gains, right? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:10, 24 April 2007 (UTC).

Candidates
I think the CEO of Whole Foods could qualify for this list. But I can't remember his name right at the moment. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ivionday (talk • contribs) 22:46, 15 November 2007 (UTC)


text:
Ukraine men's national under-16 basketball team

The Ukraine men's national under-16 basketball team is a national basketball team of Ukraine, administered by the Basketball Federation of Ukraine. It represents the country in men's international under-16 basketball competitions.


text:
Waltz, Michigan

Waltz is an unincorporated community in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located within Huron Charter Township approximately 25 mi southwest of Detroit. As an unincorporated community, Waltz has no defined boundaries or population statistics of its own.

The community was first settled in 1857 when Joseph Waltz, Sr., moved his family from Detroit to a 160 acre plot of farmland. The original farm was located along Territorial Road (now Waltz Road) just north of the Wayne–Monroe county line. When the elder Waltz died in 1865, the property was left to his widow Mary, who later deeded it to Joseph Waltz, Jr., in 1867. In 1872, the area of Waltz was platted. The community later expanded through several additions. Joseph Waltz, Jr., operated a general store on Territorial Road which later became Krzyske Brothers Hardware which remains in operation today. Waltz also opened a German bier garten and hall on Mineral Springs Avenue and Territorial Road, this business remains in operation today as the Waltz Inn. Joseph Waltz, Jr. held many political positions including Huron Township Clerk and Supervisor, Superintendent of the poor for Wayne County and also State Representative. As Superintendent of the Poor, he was instrumental in establishing the Wayne County Hospital at Eloise and as State Representative, he was largely responsible in purchasing Detroit's Belle Isle Park.

The community is located along the Flint and Pere Marquette Railroad where it had its own depot and was a primary producer of charcoal and bricks. Other businesses in Waltz's early history included the Waltz Hotel, Waltz Cheese and Molasses Company, and the Harbaurer Pickle Company.

Although early in its existence, Waltz supported two churches, the primary center of spiritual and religious learning has been St. John's Lutheran Church which was founded in the community in 1857.

The community continues to exist today located off Michigan's Interstate 275 at exit 8. The community is served by the Huron School District. Postal service from the Waltz Post Office ceased in 1954 when a new post office was opened in New Boston using the 48164 ZIP Code. The community of Willow is just to the north.

title: Waltz, Michigan


text:
Talk:David Norris (politician)

Edit Needed
The article suggests that Stephen Fry endorsed Norris's campaign following Norris's re-entry. This is not true. This endorsement occured before Norris withdrew. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:08, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

✅ Moved. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 23:12, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

Comment
No mention of his comments on older homosexuals "mentoring" younger (possibly minor) ones? How odd. Biography or hagiography? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 21:54 8 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia allows anyone, including you, to mention anything on a page, as long as you provide reference. You could add the 'mentoring' comment if you can provide a ref.  If you find confirmation of his intent to refer to minors, you can include that too, but 'possibly' is until then, just your own interpretation and couldn't be added without a ref.  If he did refer to minors, the WP mention would need to be qualified to idenitfy if he had a nefarious intent or not, given the obvious possibility of different interpretations of that alleged remark.--Rye1967 01:09, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Having read the comment, he didn't say anything about older homosexuals mentoring minors, just younger homosexuals. But that's neither here nor there. I agree with Rye1967: include the quote if you can find it, and if it means what you think it means. If not, please don't just make snarky comments but work to improve the site. Lexo (talk) 23:49, 5 June 2011 (UTC)

Scholar
I removed the bit that said Norris was the first English Literature and Language Foundation Scholar of Trinity College. If you look at these search results you'll see that there was someone before him. (I checked elsewhere, and that guy was also a Foundation Scholar.) Ian Cheese (talk) 13:15, 10 August 2008 (UTC)

1916 Rising views
I have removed the text " An article in The Sunday Times claimed that Norris had, on more than one occasion, denounced the leaders of the 1916 Easter Rising as "terrorists". The article described this as a "potential stumbling block" to his presidential bid, noting that "The next president will be in situ for the centenary commemoration of the Easter Rising. It's difficult to imagine President Norris standing proudly at the GPO as the leader of that particular ceremony". "

David Norris never made these claims and the newspaper printed a retraction of this. His views on the 1916 Rising leaders have been recorded in the Seanad http://www.kildarestreet.com/sendebates/?gid=2011-01-26.13.0

This also verifies that the retraction of the claims by the Sunday newspaper.

 * The text should be re-added, since the newspaper's claim obviously caused controversy. That means it was a notable "incident". We can then add something like: "However, Norris denied the article's claim and the newspaper printed a correction at his behest". ~Asarlaí 00:41, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * So a newspaper published something which was untrue, which they then retracted, presumably under threat of libel action. But it still gets mentioned, seems a tenuous hook on which several coats are hung a la WP:Coatrack to me. Considering the article was untrue should it really be quoted at length? Snappy (talk) 17:59, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * The paper only retracted the bit about the Easter Rising; the rest of the article (presumably) is fine. We shouldn't pretend it never happened just because it was later retracted. Like I said, it's notable because it caused controversy. Nevertheless, I've shortened the quotes. ~Asarlaí 18:29, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * That seems reasonable. Snappy (talk) 19:30, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * NPOV: It seems leading to start with the invocation of the word "neo-unionist" when in fact the Reform Movement describe themselves as Post-Nationalist (http://www.reform.org/site/aims/).
 * V: the fact that there was a retraction (burden of proof legally is on the newspaper, and it is not pretending it never happened - there is simply no evidence for what was printed), at the least I would suggest a minor revision so that the fact of the situation is put first whereby it is noted that the newspaper retracted what they said. An "uncited article", and something which was later retracted by the claimant is not factual in the manner which this section should be ("In May 2010, he called for the Republic of Ireland to re-join the Commonwealth." All the evidence points in the direction that no, he did not.) Note that I only suggest rearranging how this section is presented, rather suggesting deletion. Fugazilazarus (talk) 10:49, 13 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Though I am of the opinion that the text should not be included, I edited it to add in Senator Norris' refutation of the claims the day after they were made in the Independent. Hopefully this can address the issue but still be fair to his actual views Petropetro (talk) 22:44, 24 May 2011 (UTC)

Is there a link available to the retraction? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dennycrane101 (talk • contribs) 20:01, 13 May 2011 (UTC)

Synthesis of primary sources
The previous version of the Views section attempted to sting together selective and disparate claims related to Norris' purported views on Ireland's history with the United Kingdom supported only by primary sources. The novel conclusion hinted at is that Norris is not authentically Irish, but rather a sort of West Brit revanchist. This is contrary to the BLP policy on sourcing and is inappropriate for inclusion. Skomorokh  13:57, 13 May 2011 (UTC)
 * That might be your conclusion, but it's certainly not mine. If Norris claims he's an Irishman then that's what he is. The section is merely a presentation of Norris's views. Obviously we can't include his views on everything, but nevertheless I think it's quite balanced. All of the things you removed were reliably sourced and all of them were direct quotes from Norris. Why is that not good enough? This is what you removed:
 * "In January 2011, Norris called the Rising's leaders 'men of vision and chivalry' and said he supported the creation of a national monument."
 * "In a 2010 RTÉ documentary, he condemned the bombing of Nelson's Pillar on the Rising's 50th anniversary, claiming 'no decent or civilized person was against the pillar'."
 * "'We are in a ridiculous situation now that gay couples have more rights in Paisley's Belfast than they do in Bertie's Dublin.'"
 * ~Asarlaí 14:25, 13 May 2011 (UTC)
 * That's precisely it – they are primary sources selectively chosen from taken from the mass of statements made by this public figure, and presented together in a way that creates a synthesised narrative that no reliable source has advanced. If a secondary source identified the above three statements as indicative of a certain attitude or perspective on Norris' part, that might be appropriate for inclusion, but the current cherry-picked menagerie simply are not.  Skomorokh   17:47, 13 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Wher is the narrativ? You make it seem like these three quotes wer given one-after-the-other to make a story.
 * The first two quotes wer together becaus' they both concern the Easter Rising. Before your edit, that paragraf present'd all of his public views on the Easter Rising. However, becaus' you removed those two quotes, now it only presents some of his views and readers ar not being given the whole picture.
 * The quote about "Paisley's Belfast" wasn't even in the same section and is about a very different subject, so I don't see how it could be part of a narrativ.
 * I don't mean to sound rude, but surely you could be accused of (perhaps unknowingly) cherrypicking? By that I mean taking a line or two from section A, combining it with a line from section C, and saying "this looks like a narrativ". ~Asarlaí 18:18, 13 May 2011 (UTC)

WP:RS?
How reliable a source is http://sites.google.com/site/norrisarticle/ - used as a reference for the Magill article? It seems to be a "home made" site which is pretty much a copyright violation? Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 20:14, 30 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure, but I've found a scan of the original article: page 1, page 2, page 3. ~Asarlaí 20:18, 30 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Which would also seem to be a copyright violation, according to their T&Cs? Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 21:52, 30 May 2011 (UTC)
 * It is perfectly reasonable to quote any Magill article and anyone without a back issue can read it or any other Magill and make notes at the Gilbert Library at 138/142 Pearse Street in Dublin. — O'Dea  (talk) 07:15, 2 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Very true - I'm not saying the Magill article shouldn't be quoted or referred to, just that the pages it's currently available online at appear to be copyright violations, which shouldn't be linked to. No problem replacing the links with just the issue/date. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 15:07, 2 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Since those images are online, copyrighted or not, the photographed or scanned text can be quoted in the article to spare people in New Zealand buying plane tickets to fly to Ireland to use the Gilbert Library, then they can use a citation like: "The Free Radical" by Helen Lucy Burke, Magill magazine pp. 34–36, January 2002. — O'Dea  (talk) 20:40, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

Fine Gael's attitude/citation problem
Although I admire the subject of this article and think he would make a good president, I notice an attempt by someone to slant the article in the subject's favour by misrepresenting the content of a citation. Article says 'Fine Gael announced its intention to obstruct the nomination of Norris for the presidency in any way that it can.' Citation is to a newspaper article in which the only reference to Fine Gael is 'However, Fine Gael has instructed its councillors to block the nomination of Mr Norris.' That's not quite the same thing as Fine Gael declaring all-out, by-any-means-necessary war on the Norris campaign. Since our first priority must be the NPOV of Wikipedia, I will be changing the sentence in the article to reflect Fine Gael's actual policy, as opposed to what whoever wrote the original sentence would have liked it to be. Lexo (talk) 23:54, 5 June 2011 (UTC)

BLPs and comments about incest and sexual abuse
I was wondering if I should make changes to the section which gives preferential treatment to Burkes' accusations rather then Norris's denials. I don't know the topic, so maybe I should leave it to others... but then I remembered that this is a WP:BLP. For BLPs, the burden of proof is squarely on those who make damaging statements. If there's any doubt in the foundations of an accusation, that doubt has to be presented to the reader before the accusation. Gronky (talk) 13:45, 12 June 2011 (UTC)
 * There's a link there now to scans of the entire article, so people can analyse it for themselves. It's a bit late now, over 9 years later, for Norris to be challenging what was written. He could have taken action at the time, but did not. Rwxrwxrwx (talk) 16:20, 12 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Your POV may be showing, Rw. E.g., removing a reference to one poll which puts Norris on top "because the campaign hasn't even started yet" - then inserting a reference to Fionnan Sheehan's opinion piece saying his campaign has been damaged? Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 16:35, 12 June 2011 (UTC)
 * The removed reference was about a 5-month-old opinion poll, when Norris was probably the only declared candidate. A lot has happened since then. Sheahan is not the only one saying Norris's campaign is dead; ask the dogs on the street. Rwxrwxrwx (talk) 16:44, 12 June 2011 (UTC)
 * RW, Norris says that he did challenge the article in 2002, on all radio stations and in all newspapers:
 * Now, I don't have proof that this is true. Do you have proof that it's false?  If you don't, then we've both got no proof, so by default we have to avoid having unproven damaging remarks in BLPs. Gronky (talk) 17:10, 12 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for adding the scans. They're very useful.  But they don't change this discussion: no one questions whether Burke published an article with controversial statements.  Everyone, including Norris, confirms this.  The question is whether Burke accurately reflected Norris's statements. Gronky (talk) 17:13, 12 June 2011 (UTC)
 * About the recently added paedophilia quote, Norris specifically denies saying those words: and he says he asked for that paragraph to be corrected before publication but Burke went ahead and published it.
 * I'm not trying to whitewash the affair but Wikipedia has to stick to facts. It is a fact that Magill attributed those words to Norris, yes, but there's no proof (until the tapes surface) as to whether Norris said those words or not. Gronky (talk) 17:31, 12 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I've no idea if Norris complained to radio stations and newspapers at the time. If he really believed he had been misquoted in a way that seriously damaged his reputation, then the place to complain would have been the courts, where the tapes could have been produced, or to Magill's management; he had loads of time to do that, but never did. He left the article effectively unchallenged. The current "oh yes you did, oh no I didn't" spat proves nothing; the only substantial material we have is the original article. Rwxrwxrwx (talk) 17:32, 12 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Well, we have to use all sources available. One source is the article, so let's use that.  Another is the subsequent articles and radio recordings of Ms. Burke, and another is the subsequent articles and radio recordings of Mr. Norris.
 * The article was published, discussions were held, and Norris topped the votes for the election a few weeks later. I don't really remember the 2002 discussions, but if he topped the votes then either the Irish endorsed those views on paedophilia, or the Irish didn't credit the article.  The latter seems more likely.  If people didn't credit the article, then it's completely normal that Norris didn't go to the courts over it.  No? Gronky (talk) 17:53, 12 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Indeed. And apparently Burke didn't think it worth raising for the 2007 or 2011 Senate elections, either.  Odd, that. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 18:50, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

I'm doing a bit more work on this. I'll try to re-jig the paragraphs so that the 2002 and 2011 events are in separate paragraphs. I found a reference showing that Norris publicly refuted the interview back in 2002: Joe Jackson (who interviewed Norris about this in 2002) says it on Liveline. Gronky (talk) 23:58, 12 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Actually, I've run out of time. I found this:
 * http://www.oireachtas.ie/documents/press/SResults2002.pdf
 * which records the votes of the 2002 Seanad elections - he topped the poles *of the Trinity constituency*. Gronky (talk) 00:22, 13 June 2011 (UTC)

YouTube song link
I inserted the following in a trivia section which was (rightly) removed: "Norris' bid for the Presidency has been praised in musical form by Paul Woodfull, in his alter ego of Republican balladeer 'Ding Dong Denny O'Reilly', with the song A Noble Queen. " I reinserted it in the 'Political career' section. User:Snappy reverted, saying links to YouTube aren't allowed. Actually, they are, and the song appears to have been uploaded by Woodfull himself, so there are no copyright problems. Do people think it's worthy of inclusion, or not? Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 21:23, 15 June 2011 (UTC)
 * What is its relevance? Apart from promoting Paul Woodfull, I see none. There's all manner of stuff on youtube, I see no reason why this should be included. There's no link to "Rise and follow Charlie" on Haughey's article, and that song is/was actually famous. Snappy (talk) 21:29, 15 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia's trivia policy discourages trivia, so inclusion of individual items must be soundly justified. Most trivia are just that — trivia — rubbish — and they degrade the quality of the encylopædia as information pollution. On rare occasions only, trivia can usefully illuminate a subject. I cannot identify how this particular triviality contributes to the understanding of Norris. — O'Dea  (talk) 00:00, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

Association with Ezra Nawi and sex and drug convictions
Is there a good reason why there should be no mention of Norris’ long-term romantic relationship with Israel activist Ezra Nawi, with a known conviction for a paedophile act? , ,, Talk of Nawi’s criminal record in relation to sex and drugs, along with references, have been suppressed from the Wikipedia page in English (but are there in Hebrew). By the way, I believe David Norris is a great guy. And I am sure he would be much in favour of transparency and openness (it wasn’t David that was convicted).
 * there should be mention of his relationship with Nawi, but we need to be careful of weight. There is a wiki article on Nawi and we can deal with his controversies there and not in the Norris article. --BweeB (talk) 17:34, 30 July 2011 (UTC)
 * It is curious that what is likely a major turning point in David Norris’ presidential campaign gets no mention here. Nor is there mention of Norris or the sex and drug officences on the Nawi page, which is probably Nawi’s biggest claim to fame. Indeed there is a wilful attempt to suppress facts, links  and sources. Bigweeboy says “People can read the wiki article on Nawi for more details”.   Well there is none in the article on Nawi. Nor is there mention of the affair on the Norris page  that would suggest going to Nawi, even if there was something on the Nawi page.  Bigweeboy even noted “this story is still developing and is speculation” when clearly it was past that stage.  I note that it is users Bigweeboy, Jeff G, Materialscientist and Snappy have undone edits that add some reference to the Nawi controversy, among others. I regularly edit Wiki articles (in several languages). This is the first time I have to confront censorship of facts and sources by people  (some doubtless well-intentioned) but which gives the impression of a collective axe to grind. Well I suggest you don’t waste your time on this – it such blatant suppression of information that is not going to work for long. cckkab (talk) 11:04, 1 August 2011 (UTC)
 * I haven't suppressed any information, so you can leave my name off that list. I removed a reference to Nawi's conviction before the information about Norris' letter came to light. Obviously, given the recent revelations, the facts about his letter should be mentioned. Also, information on politics.ie, says that you (cckkab) are the blogger "The System Works", if this is true then you should absent yourself from editing Norris and Nawi articles, as you are part of the story and that is a conflict of interest. If this is not true, you clearly have an axe to grind yourself, pot, kettle, etc. Snappy (talk) 11:25, 1 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Snappy, you undid an edit when I think there was plenty of evidence to support the facts. The reliable sources since only have continued to pile up since. And no, I am not the "The System Works". I knew David Norris in the 70s/80s and believe he is a great guy, fantastic intellect and very sweet. I'd also be a supporter of similar causes. My interest here is just in getting the facts out with the best sources possible, as ever with Wikipedia. I've never edited before Israeli/gay/sex/ themes.  I'm disappointed at the opposition to the facts appearing here. But in due time, other good Wikipedians will doubtless get the facts out there, as they usually do. cckkab (talk) 17:17, 1 August 2011 (UTC)

 * By the way, I’ve been editing Wikipedia since 2004. I think the "The System Works" is reported in the press as in his early 20s. So clearly we are not one and the same! cckkab (talk) 17:52, 1 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Stop saying that I removed relevant info when the edit history clearly proves I didn't. Anyway, I don't know much about Israeli gay sex themes, so I'll leave that to you. Snappy (talk) 18:41, 1 August 2011 (UTC)

 * There is an interesting twist to this sorry saga (of no relevance to the edits though). I presume that those trying to prevent mention of Nawi’s criminal conviction do so as he has been latterly a pro-Palestinian militant. But the case about the 1992 rape was taken by a Palestinian family against someone they saw as an Israeli (and no obvious proof of militancy at the time), in a position of influence over the 15-year old (at the time). So getting the facts out about rape is a pro-Palestinian cause, I'd argue.

 * I am obviously not acceptable as a reliable source; but I remember Ezra Nawi as an activist from the late 1980s. The under-age sex case may relate to an incident in 1992, but the trial does not seem to have occurred until 1997, by which time Nawi's partner (who does not appear to have been a party to the case) would have been in his 20s. RolandR (talk) 18:19, 1 August 2011 (UTC)

 * I remember Nawi as quite a striking figure, not a face you forget. This is some 30 years ago so memories blurred. I remember clearly Nawi’s friend, [David Norris] at different protest meetings at the time (anti-apartheid was the big one, Palestine came later). But can’t remember if Nawi there. Anyway, it is not attending the occasional protest that makes your militancy worthy of Wiki attention. For Nawi in Israel, that came some 10 years after he acquired drugs and sex criminal convictions (in the mid 2000s). Rather unfortunate that it should all boomerang back now. Nawi has maybe more than purged any wrongdoing, and is a great guy for a good cause. Still the facts are the facts and should be open and be reported in a neutral way. RolandR (above ) did ask for the Nawi page to be blocked and still has on my talk page “Please do not add unreferenced or poorly referenced information… as you did to Ezra Nawi. “!    cckkab (talk) 21:31, 2 August 2011 (UTC)
 * No, I did not ask for this page to be protected. You did. RolandR (talk) 21:40, 2 August 2011 (UTC)

NPOV dispute [Views]
Hello User:Asarlaí Thanks for your adding of the NPOV tag. I've made changes now to improve.

The Wikipedia rules are: "If you come across an article whose content does not seem to be consistent with Wikipedia's NPOV policy, use one of the tags below to mark the article's main page. Then, on the article's talk page, make a new section entitled "NPOV dispute [- followed by a section's name if you're challenging just a particular section of the article and not the article as a whole]". Then, under this new section, clearly and exactly explain which part of the article does not seem to have a NPOV and why. Make some suggestions as to how one can improve the article. Be active and bold in improving the article."

I've added that requested section to talk page. Could you follow the guidelines above with specifics to help improve the article or remove the NPOV tag please? Thanks Is Mise (talk) 17:45, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

N Gt. Georges St. property.
My edit adding that the property (already mentioned in the article) was acquired with sitting tenants was rapidly deleted as being trivia rather than of note. Nobody saying it's false yet. Interesting! It's 29th September... — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:02, 29 September 2011 (UTC)

 * What does it matter? If you are predicting that this will become some big issue during the forthcoming election then wait for it to do so. (The statement will also be verifiable if it does.) For now, it's irrelevant if the property was bought with sitting tenants or not. -- RA (talk) 22:27, 29 September 2011 (UTC)

Fair point. So you're deleted it twice now. But your edits have the side-effect of burying (for now) what might be a the start of a very damaging set of facts on a politician who claims to be a civil rights campaigner. Is that your intention - to bury what might be damaging?

Don't you think that this information will come to light anyway and that the sooner Norris clarifies the issue with the sitting tennants and the repairs to the roof the better for him? We won't hear both sides of this story unless it starts somewhere, and I was hoping to start it here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:39, 29 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is not a news site. Neither do we predict the future. I suggest you contact the press if you want to start a story somewhere. -- RA (talk) 22:57, 29 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Agree with RA. This isn't a forum, but I expect as things reach a head in the election, some, particularly anons, will 'do their bit' to influence events. RashersTierney (talk) 23:42, 29 September 2011 (UTC)
 * The trolls are out in force tonight, adding unreferenced material, semi-protection may be needed. Snappy (talk) 20:32, 30 September 2011 (UTC)

Would a scan of a rent book suffice as a reference? Please allow this fact to remain, if you are a fair person. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:35, 1 October 2011 (UTC)

 * No. WP:OR and WP:RS. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 10:17, 1 October 2011 (UTC)

Fair enough. You seem to be in charge and know the law and how to apply it to get me off this page. I'll just leave quietly. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:27, 1 October 2011 (UTC)

Dubious
The repeated claim that Norris is a human rights activist is claim and not an undisputed fact. Norris is perfectly entitled to make the claim, but it should not be repeated verbatim without caveat. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:29, 3 October 2011 (UTC)
 * It's not Norris making the "claim", it's the journalists writing about him. I could have added 20 more references, but it would make the page look ugly. The sources say he's a gay/civil rights activist, so that's how we report it – to say it's dubious is to add your own spin to the statement, which is what we need to avoid. If the sources say it's so, as far as we're concerned, it's so. I've removed the tag pending further discussion. JonC Talk 21:38, 3 October 2011 (UTC)
 * I note this is the same anon who tried to add the landlord material (see above), clearly someone with an agenda. Snappy (talk) 07:42, 4 October 2011 (UTC)

 * The claim is well cited to independent third parties and the term correctly. The statement is not dubious in any way. Norris has been an activist for a number of causes and is well-known as one. -- RA (talk) 07:57, 4 October 2011 (UTC)

General semi-protection for candidates in the upcoming presidential election
I've proposed that all articles on candidates on the upcoming presidential election be semi protected until the 28th of October. This is owing to all of these articles coming under increasing pressure from vandals and unregistered/newly-registered editors with obvious axes to grind.

I've opened a general discussion on this at at WikiProject Ireland. -- RA (talk) 17:52, 5 October 2011 (UTC)

Commonwealth membership
I'm going to remove this section. Norris denies having said any such thing, while Gay Mitchell actually has said he'd be in favour of Ireland joining the Commonwealth, though that's completely absent from his page. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 18:25, 14 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Norris also denied calling the 1916 leaders "terrorists" and denied saying some of what he sayd in the Magill interview. Should those sections be removed too? Of course not. Why? Becauz they yeelded controversy, thus making them noteworthy.
 * What Gay Mitchell says should hav no bearing on this article; altho his Commonwelth comments should be included on his page too as they wer controversial. ~Asarlaí 19:11, 14 October 2011 (UTC)
 * What a silly argument, newspapers claims person said x, the person denies ever having said X, someone dutifully puts the whole episode on Wikipedia. The tactic is obvious, throw enough shit against a wall and some of it will stick, and also the old 'we know its not true but lets publish it anyway and see the fecker deny it'. Honestly! Snappy (talk) 19:31, 14 October 2011 (UTC)
 * By that logic, we should also remove the whole Magill section and the bit about 1916. Why remove this but not those? Either they all stay or they all go. ~Asarlaí 19:55, 14 October 2011 (UTC)
 * No problem with the 1916 bit going, seeing as again it was something he didn't say. The Magill stuff, on the other hand, is in print, and was raised during the campaign. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 20:33, 14 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Somthing he claims he didn't say - let's remember this is Wikipedia, not the David Norris campain website. The Magill, 1916 and Commonwelth statements hav all been raizd during the campain. ~Asarlaí 21:43, 14 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes, its Wikipedia where we include the facts like what he did and what he said, not stuff made up about him by other people. Snappy (talk) 09:15, 15 October 2011 (UTC)
 * To be fair, it's one man's word agenst another. The paper says he sayd it, he says he didn't. Ther was controversy. By leaving it in we'r only reporting that ther was controversy; by leaving it out we'r taking sides and pretending nothing happend. ~Asarlaí 10:16, 15 October 2011 (UTC)
 * We are already taking sides by putting it in, the side of the person who said the false statements. Snappy (talk) 11:06, 15 October 2011 (UTC)

Edit request on 29 December 2011 -
With regard to the section entitled "2002 Magill magazine interview" -  with specific reference to the last sentence "the interview was recorded and on 21 October 2011 it was played on the radio talk show Liveline", it should be noted that on the original interview with Joe Duffy Liveline show, Helen Lucy Burke asserted, "I think I have a tape somewhere, but its so old that I don't think it will work on any player", to which Duffy replied  "sure technology will get it working".

Also, when Helen Lucy Burke was asked if she had a tape while being interviewed on RTE 6 o'clock news on May 31st 2011 by Caitriona Perry (a link provided), Perry asserted that "despite originally believing that she had a recording of the interview, Helen Lucy Burke is now not so sure". The pictures then switch to Burke asserting "I don't think so, I thought I had a taped cassette, but it turns out that is was in the one, I wasn't able to open it because it was a different length from the one in my existing cassette box". When Caitriona Perry asked "do you think you have a tape anywhere else", Burke replied "it could be under the mountains of stuff that came down when my ceiling came in"

In the last days of the campaign the tape was released and according to the Irish Independent Newspaper (a link provided), Ms. Burke "said yesterday she found the tape recently but only released it in the last days of the campaign for “impact.” She said “it would give people something to think about when they went to the polls. It might incite people to vote against Norris or for Norris.”

Here are the two links that i have cited in my request;

First RTE Interview entitled "Norris hits out at campaign sabotage": http://www.rte.ie/news/2011/0531/norrisd.html

And also the Irish Independent article in the last days of the campaign entitled "Burke released Norris tape in final days for maximum impact": http://www.independent.ie/national-news/burke-released-norris-tape-in-final-days-for-maximum-impact-2914247.html

I think to include all relevant facts, including Helen Lucy Burke's assertions relating to this particular issue and the events surrounding the tape should be included.

Karpackie (talk) 23:04, 29 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Can you provide the actual text you want inserted into the article and the text (if any) you want replaced? — Bility (talk) 22:36, 30 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Chzz took care of this below. Celestra (talk) 17:30, 29 January 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 30 December 2011
As per the original article with the section entitled, 2002 Magill magazine interview - "The interview was recorded and on 21 October 2011 it was played on the radio talk show Liveline." - This sentence is very brief in relation to all matters surrounding the tape and its subsequent release. I would like to have the following added.

"During the initial interview on May 30th 2011, Burke explained on Liveline that she had "a tape somewhere around but I cant find it, its twelve years old and I don't know whether it would be viable now". Also, when Burke was asked if she had a tape while being interviewed on RTE 6 o'clock news on May 31st 2011 by Caitriona Perry, Perry asserted that "despite originally believing that she had a recording of the interview, Helen Lucy Burke is now not so sure". Burke explained, "I don't think so, I thought I had a taped cassette, but it turns out that it was in the one, I wasn't able to open it because it was a different length from the one in my existing cassette box". When Caitriona Perry asked "do you think you have a tape anywhere else", Burke replied "it could be under the mountains of stuff that came down when my ceiling came in". In the last days of the campaign the tape was released and according to the Irish Independent Newspaper, Ms. Burke "said yesterday she found the tape recently but only released it in the last days of the campaign for “impact.” She said “it would give people something to think about when they went to the polls.” "

I have already cited my sources by I can provide them here again. The original interview on Joe Duffy I see is already referenced.

For the RTE News Report "Norris hit out at campaign sabotage - http://www.rte.ie/news/2011/0531/norrisd.html

Irish Independent article -

Karpackie (talk) 00:09, 31 December 2011 (UTC)

"During the initial interview on May 30th 2011, Burke explained on Liveline that she had "a tape somewhere around but I cant find it, its twelve years old and I don't know whether it would be viable now". Also, when Burke was asked if she had a tape while being interviewed on RTE 6 o'clock news on May 31st 2011 by Caitriona Perry, Perry asserted that "despite originally believing that she had a recording of the interview, Helen Lucy Burke is now not so sure". Burke explained, "I don't think so, I thought I had a taped cassette, but it turns out that it was in the one, I wasn't able to open it because it was a different length from the one in my existing cassette box". When Caitriona Perry asked "do you think you have a tape anywhere else", Burke replied "it could be under the mountains of stuff that came down when my ceiling came in". In the last days of the campaign the tape was released and according to the Irish Independent Newspaper, Ms. Burke "said yesterday she found the tape recently but only released it in the last days of the campaign for “impact.” She said “it would give people something to think about when they went to the polls — Preceding unsigned comment added by Karpackie (talk • contribs) 03:22, 16 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Done  Chzz  ► 02:56, 28 January 2012 (UTC)

✅

Category request
Please remove Category:Candidates for President of Ireland and replace it with Category:Candidates for the Irish presidential election, 2011. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)
 * Done, although the category looks likely to be merged in the near future.... Sailsbystars (talk) 22:40, 5 October 2012 (UTC)

Engvar
I see no valid reason for 'British English' to be prescribed over Hiberno-English at this article. If anything, the local variant should be preferred due to the subject's clear connection with this style. RashersTierney (talk) 11:10, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
 * So add a Hiberno-English tag. Why are you removing it altogether? And why have you just re-reverted before you even took to talk? — Jon C.  ॐ  11:29, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I see no pressing need for any prescriptive tag to be added here. If it isn't broke, why waste time and energy 'fixing'? RashersTierney (talk) 11:44, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, I suppose it clearly was broke at some point, which is why the tag was added. One presumes it was riddled with Americanisms, but I really don't have the energy to go rooting around the history. Don't understand what the problem was with it. — Jon C.  ॐ  11:55, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
 * It was added a few hours ago with the ES 'testing', whatever that means. RashersTierney (talk) 12:10, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Oh, right. No idea what "ES testing" is either. — Jon C.  ॐ  12:13, 31 October 2012 (UTC)

Recent additions
The addition of traitors comment is clearly out of context. Eoin McNeill issued an order cancelling the 1916 rising, so those who went ahead were by Norris' definitions "traitors to their own cause", as they disobeyed a direct order from the commander of the IV. Adding this quote on its own is not what wikipedia is about. Wikipedia is about WP:NPOV and balance. Snappy (talk) 19:27, 30 September 2014 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure where your insinuations that I am not keeping to a neutral point of view come from: clearly I directly quoted Norris without adding any point of view or interpretation of my own. Furthermore, I included "to their own cause" to acknowledge that Norris had indeed qualified his accusation of treachery. It is clearly an honest quotation and included the full phrase so that the Norris' own qualification was retained. It does not matter whether your and Norris' opinion regarding MacNeill and countermanding orders is historically accurate or not: what is important is that it is Norris' opinion and it is relevant to a pre-existing section on his wiki page. If you think it is necessary to add even more context to this quote, I don't understand what is stopping you from doing so. I will be reverting your edit and restoring this direct quotation. If you feel it necessary, by all means add the context that you suggest it lacks. If there is some reason the quote shouldn't be on wikipedia, please let me know. Blippityblop (talk) 20:06, 30 September 2014 (UTC)
 * I'm removed because it was out of context, and I see no point in adding so-called context because it is being clearly used in a npov way. Snappy (talk) 16:56, 2 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Could you explain exactly how 'it is being clearly used in a npov way'? I fail to see a connection. I am reverting your change. Please add context if you wish, I personally believe it is not needed, but if you do go ahead. Let me know how it is isn't a neutral point of view if necessary. Blippityblop (talk) 22:25, 2 October 2014 (UTC)
 * It is out of context. Nothing is served by adding context, it adds nothing to the article. Snappy (talk) 17:23, 3 October 2014 (UTC)

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Moved here from my own talk page
Dear Bastun, I have continuously upgraded David Norris' Wikipedia article David Norris (politician) to contain the short account of an online and significant counter-campaign. Unfortunately, I have seen this account (which is legitimate and relevant) continuously undone. I have already raised objections with Spleodrach concerning this on the view history page. He appears to have understood and has since left 'undoing' the addition of my counter campaign. Regrettably, it seems that you have now begun to continuously undo the addition of this account(which, I repeat, is legitimate and relevant). Hence, I wish to re-affirm my former defense of this account. Number 1 - although 'anybody can set up a website' nobody else did set up an online counter campaign and Number 2 - this online campaign reached a considerable degree of attention with the Irish Independent and journal.ie reporting on it. In conclusion, I wish to make it clear, that I will not cease to continue to include this appropiate account (of this counter-campaign). Tomás Deb. --Tomás Deb (talk) 13:08, 23 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Despite a request to discuss here, you instead re-reverted (that's edit warring) and instead stuck the above onto my own talk page, rather than the obvious place to discuss changes - the article's own talk page. To reiterate my edit summary - you were Bold, you've been Reverted; now, per WP:BRD, we can Discuss.  And if you get consensus, you can re-insert what was reverted.  Your threats to "not cease to continue to include this" would be enough to get you blocked, but let's discuss first. On the talk page - that's what it's for, and not what the edit summary is for.  may also wish to contribute.

 * So - why do you think one person (no stranger to controversy himself) setting up an attack website, 8 years ago, is worthy of inclusion in the BLP of a noted politician and human rights activist? Be specific. Bear in mind, we don't include every news story about BLP subjects, only significant news items that will stand the test of time and still be relevant news years from now.  Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 13:34, 23 August 2019 (UTC)

 * So,, you've just re-reverted again? You're new and I don't want to see you blocked, so I'll invite you self-revert, discuss, and seek consensus. I've previously advised you to read WP:BRD. From you talk page, I see you've also been advised by to read WP:NOTNEWS, WP:LASTING, WP:RECENTISM, and (in particular) WP:10YEARTEST. You might want to consider those when responding to the question put to you above. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 13:50, 23 August 2019 (UTC)

Ok Bastun, can we reach a compromise? I think that this campaign is relevant. You don't. Although I wish to include the entire account that I have written, I am willing to compromise, provided that you don't rid the whole account. After all that's what a compromise is (an agreement or settlement of a dispute that is reached by each side making concessions). Thank you for not blocking me - can we both now make concessions? Tomás Deb (talk) 14:20, 23 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Please remove your changes until consensus has been reached, per WP:BRD. (Note I'm not an administrator and can't block you; I can report you to one of the Administrators' Noticeboards, and they can block you.) Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 14:41, 23 August 2019 (UTC)

Bastun, if I revert, I'm afraid I will lose my information. Can you edit what I've done, without me having to revert?Tomás Deb (talk) 14:51, 23 August 2019 (UTC)

 * I don't understand. Your edit would still be there in the page history. You could also hit edit, and copy your edit to either your own userspace (such as your sandbox) or to a text file. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 20:14, 23 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Bastun, can you not edit what is already there?Tomás Deb (talk) 21:53, 23 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Did you not read WP:BRD? Seriously, it's not that hard to edit WP. Revert your contentious insertion; then we discuss the content you want to insert. It's really not hard for you to revert to before you inserted the content. Edit, cut, save, paste it somewhere else. If you're not prepared to follow BRD, then you will just be reverted, and you will get blocked. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 23:28, 23 August 2019 (UTC)
 * I have reverted back to the consensus version. This attack website was not notable at the time and certainly is not notable 8 years later. Any more edit warring will be reported to WP:ANI. Spleodrach (talk) 11:27, 24 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Bastun, my 'contentious insertion' has been reverted by Spleodrach. I'm surprised that although both of you profess a desire to reach a compromise which is a concession on both sides, Spleodrach has just reverted my insertion without dealing with the issues I raised that the (1) campaign was notable at the time (I have already proved this) and (2) that now, 8 years later, it is historically legitimate and should have a place on Norris' bio page. I find it deeply disappointing that this page seems to have been written and edited with a partisan and biased view of a politician whose life should be portrayed objectively. Tomás Deb (talk) 11:51, 24 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Reverted correctly, imo. You kept reinserting it, despite WP:BRD. You claimed above you didn't want to self-revert as you'd lose your edits, but the fact that you'd previously re-inserted this content means you knew how to recover it. On the substantive issue of the content, I agree with Spleodrach - this was a non-notable attack site created by a partisan opponent of Norris that didn't merit significant coverage at the time, in contrast to other issues which received significant media coverage. Again - WP:NOTNEWS, WP:LASTING, WP:RECENTISM, and (in particular) WP:10YEARTEST. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 19:53, 25 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Norris (politician)


text:
Talk:Oğuzhan

Because so many Turkish-people today claim to be a descendant of Oghuz Khan, male members of the Amucalar, descendants of Gündüz Gazi, the older brother of "Osman I, tested their Y-DNA. Genetic history of the Turkish people, shows that the common ancestor "Ertuğrul", belonged to haplogroup: R1a=6.9% - Typical of Central Asian, Caucasus, Eastern Europeans and Indo-Aryan people.

http://www.ysearch.org/search_view.asp?uid=XWBWW&viewuid=FTEMF&p=1

Dilek2 (talk) 01:13, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * That link is not reliable source. Edward321 (talk) 01:57, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oğuzhan


text:
File:ChaosEngine1 s11.png

Summary
inagame screenshot - chaos engine

Fair use rationale in The Chaos Engine
It is contended that the use of this image qualifies as fair use in the article The Chaos Engine because:
 * The games publisher has released no such images into the public domain, and a replacement image could not be created that would adequately provide the same information.
 * The image is being used for identification purposes in the article on The Chaos Engine.
 * Simple prose could not generate the same identification abilities in the context of the above article.
 * The image resolution has been significantly decreased from the original, so copies made from it would be of inferior quality
 * The use of this image neither detracts from the game nor inhibits its salability in any way.

title: File:ChaosEngine1 s11.png


text:
Talk:Field Guide/Wildflowers

The regions as I've defined them here are totally off the top of my ignorant head. Change at will. There's no reason there can't be broad guides and specific ones. If nothing else, a list of species present in Virginia would be useful for someone trying to identify Virginian wildflowers, and if the field guide entry for each species is on a different page, I don't see a problem with having that extra level of redundancy. There are surely specialized regions that should maybe be distinct in some way -- the Chesapeake Bay and the Everglades come to mind. TUF-KAT 22:48, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Here's a blank template:

A few comments; judging by a look through what's been done so far, it doesn't look very well thought out: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:MPF 28 November 2004
 * 1) Use of common names can be very confusing; 'Twinflower' to many or most refers to Linnaea borealis, not (as given at Field Guide:Wildflowers - Western US and Canada) Dyschoriste oblongifolia. I've amended the template above to Scientific name.
 * 2) What is a 'wildflower'? Does it include: Woody plants (e.g. trees)? Plants other than Angiosperms (e.g. ferns, conifers)? Non-native naturalised plants? The title and coverage needs a lot more thinking.
 * 3) Scientific (metric) measurements should be the standard.
 * 4) The dark purple box color makes the type hard to read. A paler color would be better; I'd recommend following wikipedia's choice of light green (#90ee90) for plants.
 * Color changed

title: Talk:Field Guide/Wildflowers


text:
User:Mrfk

I work at the vibration and acoustics lab at Virginia Tech in the US. You can see our web site at http://www.val.me.vt.edu. My bio stuff at http://www.val.me.vt.edu/VAL_Team/mike%20k.html

Currently, whilst avoiding real work have been adding to the GCSE science textbook,(I remember taking my GCSE's and so am filled with sympathy for those who are i the midst of the dual-science award syllabus).

I also am interested in working on pages discussing Acoustics and Vibration as that is the area of both my degrees and current research.

Still learning wiki markup so links and nice layout will have to wait a while.

title: User:Mrfk


text:
Talk:Kalnciems Parish

Untitled
Can someone interlink with the Latvian Wikipedia page (from which I took some material) please Jackiespeel (talk) 16:31, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * is interlinked--Estopedist1 (talk) 09:05, 23 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kalnciems Parish


text:
Ho Chi Minh

Etymology
Named after Ho Chi Minh, first president of Vietnam.

Proper noun

 * 1) The largest city of Vietnam, formerly known as Saigon. Also called "Ho Chi Minh City".

Etymology
.

title: Ho Chi Minh


text:
Talk:Toa Payoh New Town

Suggestion to merge this article with Toa Payoh because they are pretty much the same thing.

A bit confusing with the New Town alias, considered expanding Toa Payoh instead.

Fernvale 15:58, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Toa Payoh New Town


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/When Will You Marry?

When Will You Marry?
Voting period ends on 18 Feb 2015  at 16:06:33 (UTC)
 * Reason:A high quality scan of the most expensive painting ever.
 * Articles in which this image appears:When Will You Marry?
 * FP category for this image:Featured pictures/Artwork/Paintings
 * Creator:Paul Gauguin

 * Support as nominator – - The Herald (here I am) 16:06, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Strong Oppose - Yorck scans are generally inaccurate. — Crisco 1492 (talk) 01:38, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose, this image is highly over-saturated. Two more images of the same work are now in Commons, both exceedingly close to the original colors of the painting. (See Other works on the file page). Coldcreation (talk) 20:27, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Chris and Coldcreation, the alt is better and near-to-original, right? - T H (here I am) 13:56, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Can't say if it's closer to the original, but the colours are certainly more reasonable. — Crisco 1492 (talk) 15:00, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Just a guess, from looking at press images of the painting hanging on a wall with people in front of it, and from seeing many works by Gauguin in person, I would say the other (3rd) image of the painting is the closest match to the original work. Coldcreation (talk) 16:02, 14 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Just to update this nomination, the image nominated right now isn't used for the article proper anyone. Instead, we have File:Paul Gauguin, Nafea Faa Ipoipo? 1892, oil on canvas, 101 x 77 cm.jpg up there now. GamerPro64  04:03, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I think Alt 1 would make a considerably larger chance of passing than the Original. Perhaps it can be renominated. – Editør (talk) 11:36, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

--Armbrust The Homunculus 16:11, 18 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Macroeconomics/Multiplier Process

=Multiplier! (k)=

{| WIDTH="100%"
 * style="background-color: #FFFFEE; border: solid 1px #FFC92E; padding: 1em;" valign="top" |
 * style="background-color: #FFFFEE; border: solid 1px #FFC92E; padding: 1em;" valign="top" |

The simple multiplier
The number of times total income increases corresponding to an increase in the investment is known as investment multiplier

Assumptions:

 * Two sector economy
 * Induced consumption and savings only
 * Constant prices
 * Some unemployed resources in the economy
 * }

Formula

 * The simple investment can also be expressed by:

 * For example if Y (national Y) rises by $5000 as a result of an increase in investment of $1000 then the k coefficient is 5 (5000/1000).

Note:

 * 1) The larger the MPC the larger the multiplier
 * 2) The multiplier process also operates in reverse.

Derivation
Assume the MPC of a hypothetical economy is 0.5. If a person spends $1 on a widget, then the person who sells it receives $1 of income, of which a portion is spent (MPC), this person then uses their $0.5 to purchase another good ad infinitum. Expressing this mathematically:
 * $$1+MPC+MPC^2 + \cdots $$
 * As $$MPC \leq 1 $$ then what results is the limiting sum of a geometric sequence.
 * i.e. $$S_{ \infty}=1+MPC+MPC^2 + \cdots = {1 \over 1 - MPC} $$ (letting a=1, r=MPC)
 * letting $$S_{ \infty}=k \Rightarrow k = {1 \over 1 - MPC} $$
 * As $$MPS + MPC = 1 $$ then,
 * $$ k = {1 \over 1 - MPC} = {1 \over MPS} $$

Table:

 * The multiplier shows how one man's spending creates another man's income, through several time periods. In this case an initial new investment of $10 creates new income of $10, which is either spent or saved by those who have earned it. The proportion which is spent creates income for others in the second time period (shown by arrows from one period to the next). This is also spent or saved. The final new income which has flowed from the initial investment can be determined using the formula [$$Y = k \times initial\ investment$$] (i.e. $$ 5 \times 10 = 50$$). Had the MPC been higher (say 0.9) the multiplier would be larger and more income would have been created.

Graph:

 * .This diagram assumes no government and no trade, so AE = C + I.
 * Initial equilibrium occurred at the red dot on the upper panel of the diagram, where $300 was earned and spent by households and firms. S = I at $60 (red dot on the lower panel).
 * Then firms decided to increase I by $10 (shown on the diagram as I + ΔI). This created extra income in the economy, which gave consumers extra spending power. Because one man's spending is another man's income, there was a series of C, S and Y increases similar to those at the green dot on the upper panel of the diagram, where planned levels of expenditure and income had risen to $350. Once again, S = I at $70. The new equilibrium occurs at a higher level of income. A small change in investment has resulted in a large change in AY.

title: Macroeconomics/Multiplier Process


text:
Lanette Prediger

Lanette Prediger (born August 23, 1979) is a Canadian skeleton racer who has competed since 2007. In 2014-15, Lanette had 4 top-10 finishes including a fourth place at St. Moritz. She competed for the top of the World Cup overall ranking.

title: Lanette Prediger


text:
User:Neilgrey

Personal Information
(Born: September 24, 1985, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada)

Currently a resident of Barrhaven, Ontario, Neil Grey is a student attending Carleton University in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. His post-secondary fields of persuit include a Bachelor of Information Technology and Bachelor of Arts in Economics. He is also currently studying independently in the fields of Molecular Biology, General Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering.

A member of Carleton University Students' Association, New University Government (Carleton), February 7th Coalition, Student Issues Action Committee (Carleton), Information Technology Society, and the Game Development Club.

Founder of Allumino Media Inc., he leads post-secondary students in multimedia development projects for local businesses.

title: User:Neilgrey


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shafi Group

The result was delete. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 13:15, 11 October 2017 (UTC)

Shafi Group

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

No in-depth coverage found. Fails WP:NCORP.  Greenbörg  (talk)  12:55, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Companies-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 18:42, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Pakistan-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 18:42, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Keep---This article was unreferenced since 2008. I just expanded the article with 5 new references and 3 external links using international magazines and newspapers. Looked hard enough to find a lot of in-depth coverage. This is a major conglomerate company of Pakistan and a leading exporter of leather goods (leather shoes, handbags, leather jackets) with major brand name clients in Europe and North America. So there was a lot of info and references there that I could use.Ngrewal1 (talk) 18:43, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Disagree with the sources you added. This article fails WP:CORPDEPTH. Notability is not inherited so if sources are discussing Muhammad Naseem Shafi then we should have article on him rather on his group.  Greenbörg  (talk)  07:33, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, North America1000 16:24, 26 September 2017 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, – filelakeshoe (t / c)   22:47, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete - coverage fails WP:GNG. I can't find any recent significant coverage in notable third party sources - it's just local trade pubs, and dated at that. TimTempleton (talk)  (cont)  20:46, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete per timtempleton Fails WP:CORPDEPTH could not find significant coverage in notable third party sources.Pharaoh of the Wizards (talk) 12:15, 11 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Weak Delete. I didn't do any searching on my own (hence my weak modifier), I just looked at the references currently in the article.  None of them struck me as meeting WP:CORPDEPTH.  I saw a couple of perfunctory directory-type listings (Bloomberg, Business Recorder), and a couple of shallow pieces in industry publications (Leather International Magazine).  The Dawn reference looks like it's an incorrect URL, but in any case, the title of the referenced article doesn't sound promising.  -- RoySmith (talk) 12:25, 11 October 2017 (UTC)


text:
Korean Cultural Center New York

The Korean Cultural Center New York (KCCNY; ) is a branch of the South Korean Korean Cultural Centers located in New York City, New York, United States.

Inaugurated in December 1979, KCCNY works to establish and promote Korean culture and aesthetics in New York through diverse cultural and artistic activities including gallery exhibitions, performing arts concerts, film festivals, and educational programs. The current director is Yun Jeung Jo.

History
The Korean Culture and Information Service launched in 1971 as an arm of the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism to serve as a communication bridge to promote Korea overseas and shed light on international cultural exchanges. As of 2017, it is operating 31 cultural centers in 28 countries around the world, with the Korean Cultural Center New York being inaugurated in 1979.

Since its opening, KCCNY has focused its efforts on broadening the understanding of Koreans and supporting the relationship between South Korea and the United States through cultural activities and events. It faced many limitations early on, but is now equipped with improved facilities and strong relations with global institutions and local organizations in New York that aids in the center's expanding roles.

Slogan
The official slogan of KCCNY is “A Korea In New York,” which symbolizes the center's desire to promote Korean content to the communities in New York and surrounding area. The need for this slogan was recognized due to the overall lack of awareness of Korea and Korean culture throughout the US. With “A Korea in New York,” KCCNY aims to proactively share “Korea” in a manner that can best contribute and give back to New York and the United States as a whole.

Initiatives
As part of an effort to spread and promote Korean culture throughout the city of New York, KCCNY organizes many programs and events under diverse categories.

Film
KCCNY annually presents “Korean Movie Night New York,” a program consisting of free film screenings showcasing specially curated Korean films ranging from top grossing hits to recent indie releases. In addition, KCCNY is in support of the New York Asian Film Festival and hosts exciting programs, such as "Master Series,"  to further share Korean film to US audiences.

Performing Arts
KCCNY engages and promotes diverse performing arts events that can introduce both traditional and modern dance, music, and Korean aesthetic styles to New York. The Performing Arts department aims to provide a stage for top performing artists ranging from time-honored court music performances to rising contemporary dance programs who can reinterpret, localize, and globalize Korean traditional music-inspired performances that exemplify the highest tier of performance.

Sports
KCCNY proudly supports athletes of all Korean sports as well as athletes of Korean background active in the world. 2017 and 2018 are particularly exciting years as the world prepares for the 2018 Winter Olympics and Paralympics hosted by Pyeongchang, South Korea. The official games will take place from February 9 to 25, and KCCNY will be hosting various programs and campaigns in New York in support of the upcoming Olympics.

Cuisine
KCCNY is the annual host and sponsor of top Korean food competitions such as the Global Taste of Korea Contest. In addition, KCCNY holds special workshops featuring top chefs showcasing Korean cooking techniques and cuisine that shares the depth and flavors of Korea.

Library/Education
The library located inside the Korean Cultural Center New York location holds a rich collection of over 20,000 books and DVDs in both English and Korean. It is open to the public on weekdays from 9am to 5pm, but is also available through an easily accessible online E-library found on the center's website.

Exhibition
Gallery exhibitions are organized by Gallery Korea, a division within KCCNY. Artists of various backgrounds and disciplines have presented their artwork in line with the mission to promote cultural exchange through art. Past exhibitions include "Haenyeo" "The Movement of HERstory: Korean Embroidery"  and "Re:visioning HANJI".

On March 17, 2021, the exhibition “Creation Continua: Park Joon Photo Portraits of Korean Artist Diaspora in Greater New York” opened at KCCNY, as part of Asia Week New York 2021. The exhibition displays photographs of 50 Korean immigrant artists who came to the U.S. in the late 20th century. The portraits were taken by Korean American photographer, Park Joon, who immigrated to the US in 1984. The exhibition runs until April 30, 2021.

Current
Yun Jeung Jo: November 2018

Former

 * Jae Hong Lee: August 18, 1979
 * Tae Wan Yoo: April 1, 1981
 * Young Mo Ahn: October 16, 1984
 * Shin Il Park: July 1, 1985
 * Chan Yong Yi: September 1, 1987
 * Djun Kil Kim: June 1, 1990
 * Young Gil Park: September 10, 1993
 * Hong Sok Lee: April 28, 1998
 * Byong Suh Lee: March 1, 1999
 * Yang Woo Park: August 19, 2002
 * Jin Yung Woo: August 8, 2005
 * Soo Keun Song: October 11, 2007
 * Woo Sung Lee: October 1, 2010
 * Seung Je Oh: August 26, 2015

title: Korean Cultural Center New York


text:
Talk:Ethics

Wikipedia:Missing Ethics Articles: Controversy?
 * 1) Comparative ethics
 * 2) Comparative religious ethics
 * 3) Core Values

Dialog opened 04:43, 2 November 2006 (UTC) by CQ

title: Talk:Ethics


text:
User:Wanderer~enwikibooks

A student of everything, I seek to seek to understand the limitations of reality. I like brute force and am adverse to math related rigor. My strengths include perturbation of reality and plot devices, heuristics, video game design, programming, Computers, Physics, Math, Chemistry, Engineering, Bio, Cooking, and 3D packing.

To date I have started the Electronics Wikibook on Mar 8, 2004, which I hope to finish someday.

As background for the Electronics Wikibook, I started the Physics in English Wikibook on May 5, 2004.

I also started the Book For Geeks Wikibook on Apr 14, 2004, which I hope to work on some day.

Besides these books I have a number of other books I could write.

Personal bookcase (Things everyone should know):

 * Technical books:
 * 1) Physics in English: Writings on a number of high level topics.
 * 2) Electronics: Build your own computers and radios.
 * 3) Languages_bookshelf: Pick a language any language.

 * Information Theory books:

 * Practical books:
 * 1) Book For Geeks: How to deal with the real world.
 * 2) Cookbook: An easy way to improve your life and save you money.

title: User:Wanderer~enwikibooks


text:
Talk:James White (cross-country)

Contested deletion
This page should not be speedily deleted because he was a remarkably successful high school coach, and references to national sports publications may exist to satisfy WP:BIO. A section about him was added to the article about his high school by a new editor and promptly removed by someone else. Some time should be allowed to see if references can be added here as well as text to justify an article. It could be moved to the article creator's sandbox for development. Edison (talk) 22:26, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on James White (cross-country). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150210233948/http://www.turnto23.com/news/local-news/successful-mcfarland-cross-country-team-loses-state-title-after-24-years-feels-punished to http://www.turnto23.com/news/local-news/successful-mcfarland-cross-country-team-loses-state-title-after-24-years-feels-punished

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:08, 21 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:James White (cross-country)


text:
Channel 30 virtual TV stations in the United States

The following television stations operate on virtual channel 30 in the United States:

 * K05NF-D in Salina, Utah
 * K11IY-D in Battle Mountain, Nevada
 * K11XI-D in Beaver etc., Utah
 * K14LW-D in Myton, Utah
 * K14RN-D in Scipio, Utah
 * K16NK-D in Cave Junction, Oregon
 * K17EZ-D in Rogue River, Oregon
 * K17JD-D in Mount Pleasant, Utah
 * K17NN-D in Leamington, Utah
 * K18KO-D in Rural Summit County, Utah
 * K19MC-D in Bonnerdale, Arkansas
 * K20NP-D in Spring Glen, Utah
 * K21NK-D in Cedar City, Utah
 * K21OZ-D in Shreveport, Louisiana
 * K22MP-D in Richfield, etc., Utah
 * K23EX-D in Medford, Oregon
 * K24IN-D in Green River, Utah
 * K24ND-D in Orangeville, Utah
 * K25CV-D in Hays, Kansas
 * K25IM-D in Medford, Oregon
 * K25JT-D in Blanding/Monticello, Utah
 * K25NN-D in Nephi, Utah
 * K25NO-D in Gasquet, California
 * K26IK-D in Heber & Midway, Utah
 * K26JB-D in Wells, Nevada
 * K26OF-D in Roosevelt, Utah
 * K27KV-D in Evanston, Wyoming
 * K27NJ-D in Rural Beaver, etc., Utah
 * K27NP-D in Duchesne, Utah
 * K27NQ-D in Helper, Utah
 * K27NU-D in Green River, Utah
 * K27NV-D in Scofield, Utah
 * K27NW-D in East Price, Utah
 * K27NY-D in Clear Creek, Utah
 * K28PD-D in Delta, Oak City, Utah
 * K28PE-D in Kanarraville, etc., Utah
 * K28PF-D in Vernal, etc., Utah
 * K28PG-D in Price, Utah
 * K28PJ-D in Elko, Nevada
 * K28PT-D in Manila, etc., Utah
 * K29FY-D in Henefer/Echo, Utah
 * K29IY-D in Ferron, Utah
 * K29IZ-D in Huntington, Utah
 * K29MF-D in Peoa and Oakley, Utah
 * K29MY-D in Randolph, Utah
 * K30AE-D in Alva, Oklahoma
 * K30GU-D in Morongo Valley, California
 * K30HB-D in Agana, Guam
 * K30HH-D in Memphis, Texas
 * K30HJ-D in Cortez, etc., Colorado
 * K30JT-D in La Pine, Oregon
 * K30KE-D in Wanship, Utah
 * K30KH-D in Emery, Utah
 * K30LD-D in Wichita Falls, Texas
 * K30MC-D in Lewiston, Idaho
 * K30MN-D in Barstow, California
 * K30NY-D in Victorville, etc., California
 * K30QR-D in Bryan, Texas
 * K30QV-D in Iowa, Louisiana
 * K30QX-D in Duluth, Minnesota
 * K30QY-D in Oakland, Minnesota
 * K31FW-D in Lyman, Wyoming
 * K31NH-D in Klamath Falls, Oregon
 * K32IT-D in Coalville and Adjacent Area, Utah
 * K32NE-D in Garrison, etc., Utah
 * K33FY-D in Park City, Utah
 * K33GJ-D in Merlin, Oregon
 * K33HO-D in Soda Springs, Idaho
 * K33NP-D in Russell, Kansas
 * K33OZ-D in Parowan, Enoch, etc., Utah
 * K33PC-D in Santa Clara, California
 * K34GO-D in Fillmore, Utah
 * K34HE-D in Elko, Nevada
 * K34OO-D in Blanding/Monticello, Utah
 * K34OU-D in Beryl, Modena, etc., Utah
 * K36MI-D in Fountain Green, Utah
 * K36NY-D in Yreka, California
 * K36OI-D in Manti/Ephraim, Utah
 * K36OX-D in Samak, Utah
 * K47GI-D in Grants Pass, Oregon
 * KAMK-LD in Eugene, Oregon
 * KBAD-LD in Pago Pago, American Samoa
 * KBLN-TV in Grants Pass, Oregon
 * KCJO-LD in Saint Joseph, Missouri
 * KDFS-CD in Santa Maria, California
 * KDNL-TV in St. Louis, Missouri
 * KEGS-LD in Las Vegas, Nevada
 * KFOL-CD in Houma, Louisiana
 * KFSN-TV in Fresno, California
 * KGBD-LD in Great Bend, Kansas
 * KHTX-LD in Huntsville, Texas
 * KJUN-CD in Morgan City, Louisiana
 * KKAF-LD in Fayetteville, Arkansas
 * KKPD-LD in Tyler, Texas
 * KKTF-LD in Chico, California
 * KKYK-CD in Little Rock, Arkansas
 * KMBB-LD in North Platte, Nebraska
 * KPXN-TV in San Bernardino, California
 * KQSY-LD in Corpus Christi, Texas
 * KSMI-LD in Wichita, Kansas
 * KTUZ-TV in Shawnee, Oklahoma
 * KUCW in Ogden, Utah
 * KUTA-LD in Ogden, Utah
 * KWWT in Odessa, Texas
 * KXJB-LD in Fargo, North Dakota
 * W11DM-D in Collegedale, Tennessee
 * W26EE-D in Wittenberg, Wisconsin
 * W30BU-D in Green Bay, Wisconsin
 * W30CV-D in Hilton Head Island, South Carolina
 * W30DM-D in Manchester, etc., Vermont
 * W30EI-D in Sharon, Pennsylvania
 * W30EM-D in Ocala, Florida
 * W30ES-D in Columbus, Mississippi
 * W30EZ-D in Purvis, Mississippi
 * W30FA-D in Homerville, Georgia
 * WABE-TV in Atlanta, Georgia
 * WAWW-LD in Rochester, New York
 * WBUO-LD in Olean, New York
 * WELW-LD in Evansville, Indiana
 * WFDY-LD in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
 * WFOX-TV in Jacksonville, Florida
 * WFWG-LD in Richmond, Virginia
 * WGBC in Meridian, Mississippi
 * WGCU in Fort Myers, Florida
 * WGTE-TV in Toledo, Ohio
 * WLFT-CD in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
 * WLMT in Memphis, Tennessee
 * WLPD-CD in Plano, Illinois
 * WNSC-TV in Rock Hill, South Carolina
 * WNYD-LD in New York, New York
 * WQCW in Portsmouth, Ohio
 * WRAY-TV in Wilson, North Carolina
 * WRLD-LD in Kingston, Pennsylvania
 * WRZH-LP in Red Lion-Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
 * WWID-TV in Orlando, Florida
 * WSDI-LD in Indianapolis, Indiana
 * WSJP-LD in Aquadilla, Puerto Rico
 * WSKA in Corning, New York
 * WSVW-LD in Harrisonburg, Virginia
 * WTAM-LD in Tampa, Florida
 * WTIU in Bloomington, Indiana
 * WUXP-TV in Nashville, Tennessee
 * WVCY-TV in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
 * WVIT in New Britain, Connecticut
 * WXVK-LD in Columbus, Georgia
 * WZCD-LD in Cincinnati, Ohio
 * WZLH-LD in Syracuse, New York

The following television stations, which are no longer licensed, formerly operated on virtual channel 30:
 * K22FC-D in Grants Pass, Oregon
 * K26HS-D in Tillamook, Oregon
 * K30KN-D in Wyola, Montana
 * K30KR-D in Boise, Idaho
 * K30MF-D in Jonesboro, Arkansas
 * K30MY-D in Jackson, Wyoming
 * K30QW-D in Geronimo, Oklahoma
 * K44FH-D in Coos Bay, Oregon
 * K45IA-D in Rock Springs, Wyoming
 * KWDA-LD in Dallas, Texas
 * W30ET-D in Flint, Michigan
 * WVCZ-LD in Valdosta, Georgia


text:
UK Constitution and Government/House of Hanover

Presentation
The House of Hanover (1714-1901)

Previous Chapter | Next Chapter --

George I
George, Duke and Elector of Hanover became King George I in 1714. His claim was opposed by the Jacobites, supporters of the deposed King James II. Since James II had died, his claim was taken over by his son, James Francis Edward Stewart, the "Old Pretender." In 1715, there was a Jacobite rebellion, but an ill James could not lead it. By the time he recovered, it was too late, and the rebellion was suppressed.

King George was not deeply involved in British politics; instead, he concentrated on matters in his home, Germany. The King could not even speak English, earning the ridicule of many of his subjects. George, furthermore, spent much time in his native land of Hanover. Meanwhile, a ministerial system developed in Great Britain. George appointed Sir Robert Walpole as First Lord of the Treasury. Walpole was George's most powerful minister, but he was not termed "Prime Minister"; that term came into use in later years. Walpole's tenure began in 1721; other ministers held office at his, rather than the King's, pleasure. George's lack of involvement in politics contributed greatly to the development of the modern British political system.

George died in 1727 from a stroke while in Germany. He was succeeded by his son, who ruled as George II.

George II
George II was naturalised as a British citizen in 1705; his reign began in 1727. Like his father, George transferred political power to Sir Robert Walpole, who served until 1742. Walpole was succeeded by Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington, who served until 1743, and then by Henry Pelham, who served until his death in 1754. During Pelham's service, the nation experienced a second Jacobite Rebellion, which was almost successful in putting Bonnie Prince Charlie—son of the Old Pretender, himself called the Young Pretender—on the throne. The rebellion began in 1745 and was ended in 1746 when the King's forces defeated the Jacobites at the Battle of Culloden, the last battle ever to be fought on British soil.

Before George II's death in 1760, he was served by two other Prime Ministers: Henry Pelham's elder brother the Duke of Newcastle, and the Duke of Devonshire. George II's eldest son, Frederick, had predeceased him, so George was succeeded by his grandson, also named George.

George III
George III attempted to reverse the trend that his Hanoverian predecessors had set by reducing the influence of the Prime Minister. He appointed a variety of different people as his Prime Minister, on the basis of favouritism rather than ability. The Whig Party of Robert Walpole declared George an autocrat and compared him to Charles I.

George III's reign is notable for many important international events. In 1763, Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years' War, a global war that also involved Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands and was fought in Europe, America and India. As a result of the Treaty of Paris, New France (the French territory in North America, including Quebec and land east of the Mississippi) was ceded to Britain, as was Spanish Florida. Spain, however, took New Orleans and Louisiana, the vast French territory on the west of the Mississippi. Great Britain came to be recognised as the world's pre-eminent colonial power, displacing France. The nation, however, was left deeply in debt. To overcome it, British colonies in America were taxed, much to their distaste. Eventually, Britain lost its American colonies during the American War of Independence, which lasted from 1776 to 1783. Elsewhere, however, the British Empire continued to expand. In India, the British East India Company took control of many small nation-states nominally headed by their own princes. The island of Australia was also occupied, and Canada's population increased with the number of British Loyalists who left the newly formed United States of America.

In 1801, Parliament passed the Act of Union, uniting Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom. Ireland was allowed to elect 100 Members of Parliament to the House of Commons and 22 representative peers to the House of Lords. The Act originally provided for the removal of restrictions from Roman Catholics, but George III refused to agree to the proposal, arguing that doing so would violate his oath to maintain Protestantism.

George was the last British monarch to claim the Kingdom of France. He was persuaded to abandon the meaningless claim dating to the Plantagenet days in 1801 by the French ruler Napoleon.

In 1811, George III, who had previously suffered bouts of madness, went permanantly insane. His son George ruled the country as Prince Regent, and became George IV when the King died in 1820.

George IV
George IV is often remembered as an unwise and extravagant monarch. During his Regency, London was redesigned, and funding for the arts was increased. As King, George was unable to govern effectively; he was overweight, possibly addicted to a form of opium and showing signs of his father's mental disease. While he ruled, George's ministers were once again able to regain the power that they had lost during his father's reign.

George opposed several popular social reforms. As his father, he refused to lift several restrictions on Roman Catholics. Upon his death in 1830, his younger brother began to reign as William IV.

William IV
Early in William's reign, British politics was reformed by the Reform Act of 1832. At the time, the House of Commons was a disorganised and undemocratic body, unlike the modern House. The nation included several rotten boroughs, which historically had the right to elect members of Parliament, but actually had very few residents. The rotten borough of Old Sarum, for instance, had seven voters, but could elect two MPs. An even more extreme example is of Dunwich, which could also elect two MPs despite having no residents, the entire borough having been eroded away into the North Sea. Other boroughs were called pocket boroughs because they were "in the pocket" of a wealthy landowner, whose son was normally elected to the seat. At the same time, entire cities such as Westminster (with about 20,000 voters) still had just two MPs.

The House of Commons agreed to the Reform Bill, but it was rejected by the House of Lords, whose members controlled several pocket boroughs. The Tory Party, furthermore, opposed the bill actively. William IV agreed with his Prime Minister, the Earl Grey, to flood the House of Lords with pro-reform members by creating fifty new peerages; when the time came, he backed down. The Earl Grey and his Whig Party government then resigned, but returned to power when William finally agreed to co-operate. The Reform Act of 1832 gave urban areas increased political power, but allowed aristocrats to retain effective control of the rural areas. Over fifty rotten boroughs were abolished, while the representation of some other boroughs was reduced from two MPs to one. Though members of the middle class were granted the right to vote, the Reform Act did not do much to expand the electorate, which amounted after passage to just three percent of the population.

In 1834, William became the last British monarch to appoint a Prime Minister who did not have the confidence of Parliament. He replaced the Whig Prime Minister, the Viscount Melbourne, with a Tory, Sir Robert Peel. Peel, however, had a minority in the House of Commons, so he resigned in 1835, and Melbourne returned to power.

In 1837, William died and was succeeded on the British throne by his niece Victoria, who was just eighteen years old at the time. The union of the Crowns of Britain and Hanover was then dissolved, since Salic Law, which applied in Hanover, only allowed males to rule. Therefore, Hanover passed to William's brother Ernest.

Victoria
A few years after taking power, Victoria married a German Prince, Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, who was given the title of Prince Consort. Albert originally wished to actively govern the United Kingdom, but he acquiesced to his wife's requests to the contrary. The extremely happy marriage ended with Albert's death in 1861, following which Victoria entered a period of semi-mourning that would last for the rest of her reign. She was often called the Widow of Windsor, after Windsor Castle, a Royal home.

In 1867, Parliament passed another Reform Act. Like its predecessor, the Reform Act of 1832, true electoral reform was not achieved; the property qualifications limited the electorate to about eight percent of the population. Therafter, power was held by two Prime Ministers—Benjamin Disraeli (a Tory and a favourite of Victoria) and William Ewart Gladstone (a Liberal whom Victoria disliked)—from 1868 to 1885. In 1876, Disraeli convinced Victoria to take the title of Empress of India.

Many of Victoria's daughters married into European Royal Houses, giving her the nickname Grandmother of Europe. All of the current European monarchs descend from Victoria.

Victoria died in 1901, holding the record for longest serving British Sovereign. She was succeeded by her son Edward, who became King Edward VII. Edward was deemed to belong not to his mother's House of Hanover, but instead to his father's dynasty, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.