text:
Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role

The Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Bodilprisen for bedste mandlige birolle) is one of the merit categories presented by the Danish Film Critics Association at the annual Bodil Awards. Created in 1948, it is one of the oldest film awards in Europe, and it honours the best performance by an actor in a supporting role in a Danish produced film. The jury can decide not to hand out the award, which happened numerous times between 1950 and 1985. Since 1986 it has been awarded every year.

1940s

 * 1948: Ib Schønberg won for his role in Ta', hvad du vil ha'
 * 1949: Johannes Meyer won for his role in The Viking Watch of the Danish Seaman

1950s

 * 1950: Not awarded
 * 1951: Preben Lerdorff Rye won for his role in I gabestokken
 * 1952: Not awarded
 * 1953: Not awarded
 * 1954: Not awarded
 * 1955: Not awarded
 * 1956: Not awarded
 * 1957: Not awarded
 * 1958: Not awarded
 * 1959: Not awarded

1960s

 * 1960: Not awarded
 * 1961: Not awarded
 * 1962: Henning Moritzen won for his role as Fyrst Igor in Harry and the Butler
 * 1963: Hans W. Petersen won for his role as Victor in Støvsugerbanden
 * 1964: Not awarded
 * 1965: Not awarded
 * 1966: Poul Bundgaard won for his role in Strike First Freddy
 * 1967: Kjeld Jacobsen won for his role as the father in Once There Was a War
 * 1968: Not awarded
 * 1969: Not awarded

1970s

 * 1970: Preben Kaas won for his role as Dynamit Harry (Frandsen) in The Olsen Gang in a Fix
 * 1971: Karl Stegger won for his role as caretaker Frederiksen in Ballade på Christianshavn
 * 1972: Jørgen Ryg won for his role as adjutant Mühlhauser in Lenin, You Rascal, You
 * 1973: Not awarded
 * 1974: Not awarded
 * 1975: Jens Okking for his role as Brask in 19 Red Roses
 * 1976: Ole Larsen for his role in Den korte sommer
 * 1977: Dick Kaysø won for his role as John Bullnes in Strømer
 * 1978: Poul Bundgaard won for his role in Hærværk
 * 1979: Otto Brandenburg won for his role in Hør, var der ikke en som lo?

1980s

 * 1980: Frits Helmuth won for his role in Johnny Larsen
 * 1981: Kurt Ravn won for his role in Jeppe på bjerget
 * 1982: Peter Schrøder won for his role in Rubber Tarzan
 * 1983: Arne Hansen won for his role in Der er et yndigt land
 * 1984: Hans Chr. Ægidius won for his role in Forræderne
 * 1985: Not awarded
 * 1986: Ingolf David won for his role in Ofelia kommer til byen
 * 1987: Peter Hesse Overgaard won for his role in Cœurs flambés
 * 1988: Björn Granath won for his role in Pelle the Conqueror
 * 1989: Erik Mørk won for his role in Himmel og helvede

1990s

 * 1990: Henning Moritzen won for his role in Waltzing Regitze
 * 1991: Steen Svare won for his role in Sirup
 * 1992: Nikolaj Lie Kaas won for his role in The Boys from St. Petri
 * 1993: Waage Sandø won for his role in Pain of Love
 * 1994: Jesper Langberg won for his role in Stolen Spring
 * 1995: Holger Juul Hansen won for his role as Einar Moesgaard in The Kingdom
 * 1996: Lars Knutzon won for his role in Kun en pige
 * 1997: Zlatko Burić won for his role as Milo in Pusher
 * 1998: Jesper Christensen won for his role in Barbara
 * 1999: Nikolaj Lie Kaas won for his role in The Idiots

2000s

 * 2000: Jesper Asholt won for his role as Rud in Mifune
 * 2001: Nicolaj Kopernikus won for his role as Stig in The Bench
 * Henning Moritzen was nominated for his role as The Baron in A Place Nearby
 * Ole Thestrup was nominated for his role as Alfred in Flickering Lights
 * 2002: Tommy Kenter won for his role as Anthon in Chop Chop
 * Troels II Munk was nominated for his role as Stromboli in Truly Human
 * 2003: Nikolaj Lie Kaas won for his role as Joachim in Open Hearts
 * Jesper Christensen was nominated for his role in Okay
 * Jesper Christensen was nominated for his role in Minor Mishaps
 * Henrik Pripp was nominated for his role in Minor Mishaps
 * 2004: Peter Steen won for his role as Niels in The Inheritance
 * Jesper Lohmann was nominated for his role in Lykkevej
 * Nicolas Bro was nominated for his role as Jimmy in Stealing Rembrandt
 * Stellan Skarsgård was nominated for his role as Chuck in Dogville
 * 2005: Søren Pilmark won for his role as Erik Dreyer in King's Game
 * Nicolas Bro was nominated for his role as Henrik Moll in King's Game
 * Bent Mejding was nominated for his role as Henrik in Brothers
 * Leif Sylvester Petersen was nominated for his role as Smeden in Pusher II
 * 2006: Nicolas Bro won for his role as Morfar in Dark Gorse
 * Lin Kun Wu was nominated for his role as Feng in Kinamand
 * Ali Kazim was nominated for his role as Khalid in Adam's Apples
 * Nicolas Bro was nominated for his role as Gunnar in Adam's Apples
 * 2007: Bent Mejding won for his role as Lindum-Svendsen in Drømmen
 * Friðrik Þór Friðriksson was nominated for his role in Direktøren for det hele
 * Jens Jørn Spottag was nominated for his role as Peder in Drømmen
 * 2008: Morten Grunwald won for his role in White Night (2007 film)
 * Dejan Čukić was nominated for his role in De unge år
 * Nicolaj Kopernikus was nominated for his role in De fortabte sjæles ø
 * Cyron Melville was nominated for his role as Emil Andersen in Fightgirl Ayse
 * 2009: Kim Bodnia won for his role as Jørgen Buhl in Terribly Happy
 * Lars Brygmann was nominated for his role as Dr. Zerlang in Terribly Happy
 * Finn Nielsen was nominated for his role in Lille soldat
 * Henrik Prip was nominated for his role in Spillets regler
 * Jens Jørn Spottag was nominated for his role as Anders Dahl in Worlds Apart

2010s

 * 2010: Jens Andersen (actor) won for his role as Lars in Deliver Us from Evil
 * Michael Falch was nominated for his role as Christian Barfoed in Applause
 * Preben Harris was nominated for his role in Headhunter
 * Henning Moritzen was nominated for his role in Headhunter
 * Søren Pilmark was nominated for his role in Headhunter
 * 2011: Kurt Ravn won for his role in Nothing's All Bad
 * Kim Bodnia was nominated for his role as Lars in In a Better World
 * Morten Holst was nominated for his role as Patrick in Brotherhood
 * Gustav Fischer Kjærulff was nominated for his role as Martin in Submarino
 * Roland Møller was nominated for his role as Mureren in R
 * 2012: Lars Ranthe won for his role in A Funny Man
 * Pilou Asbæk was nominated for his role in A Family
 * David Dencik was nominated for his role as Martin in Room 304
 * John Hurt was nominated for his role as Dexter in Melancholia
 * Kiefer Sutherland was nominated for his role as John in Melancholia
 * 2013: Tommy Kenter won for his role as Lachmann in The Passion of Marie
 * Nicolas Bro was nominated for his role in Undskyld jeg forstyrrer
 * Lars Bom was nominated for his role as Lars Cold in Max Embarrassing 2
 * Thomas W. Gabrielsson was nominated for his role as Schack Carl von Rantzau in A Royal Affair
 * Roland Møller was nominated for his role as Jan Sørensen in A Hijacking
 * 2014: Roland Møller won for his role as Bjørn in Nordvest
 * Fares Fares was nominated for his role as Assad in The Keeper of Lost Causes
 * Jamie Bell was nominated for his role as K in Nymphomaniac
 * Thomas Bo Larsen was nominated for his role as Tgeo in The Hunt
 * 2015: Pilou Asbæk won for his role in Silent Heart
 * 2016: Louis Hofmann won for his role in Land of Mine
 * 2017: Lars Mikkelsen won for his role in The Day Will Come
 * 2018: Søren Malling won for his role in Den bedste mand
 * 72nd Bodil Awards: Lai Yde Holgaard won for his role in Holiday

2020s

 * 73rd Bodil Awards: Gustav Lindh won for his role in Queen of Hearts
 * 74th Bodil Awards: Lars Brygmann won for his role in Riders of Justice
 * 75th Bodil Awards: Lars Mikkelsen won for his role in Venuseffekten
 * 76th Bodil Awards: Ingvar Eggert Sigurdsson won for his role in Godland
 * 77th Bodil Awards: Elliott Crosset Hove won for his role in Den store stilhed


text:
PHP Programming/Special Methods

Constructors
A constructor is a special method inside a class that is called when the object is initiated. A constructor could be used as follows:

This is the PHP5 Version:

This is the equivalent PHP4.x Version: (Note that there are no public/private keywords, and the name of the class is the constructor)

In PHP5 a constructor must be declared as public or it will not work. The name of a constructor must always be __construct in PHP5.The name of the class must be used as a constructor in PHP5.

Destructors
Destructors delete an instance of an object. The destructor is declared within the object's class, and contains other code to be executed at the time of destruction:

Note that destructors only exist in PHP5.

Why Constructors and Destructors Are Great
Why are constructors and destructors useful? Sometimes objects represent complex entities that use other resources or have other side effects, even though they appear as simple variables in your program. In these cases, special setup may be required when you create the object; you can use the constructor to do that automatically for you. Also, it can be very important to free those resources at the end of your program so that they don't get tied up from multiple runs or pageviews; the destructor can automatically handle that so you don't forget.

Here's an example that makes handling MySQL databases slightly simpler:

The class "db_link" uses 3 functions: the constructor, which automatically logs into the database for me whenever I create a new "db_link" object, a "query" function, which I can use to get records from the database, and the destructor, which automatically closes the database whenever PhP is finished with my object instance. I could do the same things as the constructor and destructor by writing special "open" and "close" functions for the database, but then I would have to call those functions every time. This way, all I have to do is make objects and use them; they can open and close themselves automatically.

Serialization and Unserialization
In certain cases, it is necessary to store an instantiated(created) object as static text for storage between program runs, usually in a file or database field. This can be stored using serialization, which creates a string from an object that can then be unserialized into a working object, including working methods and properties.

An object can be serialized with:

$serialized_testobject is a string that can then be stored as text in a file or database column, assuming it does not exceed the size limit for the column. It can be unserialized with:

Note that the test class needs to be defined as it is not defined in the serialized string. Defining the class in a different way may cause problems when unserializing. The class must have the same name.

Certain objects, however, will need to perform tasks before and after serializing to ensure consistency between runs. For example, database links will need to be destroyed when serializing and recreated when unserializing, or they will be invalidated later. The object is prepared for serialization during the user-defined __sleep method, and is prepared for work after unserializing with __wakeup, as shown below.

Here, the link is closed when serializing, and reopened when unserializing as the link would probably not have the same network state if stored in a text file for a few hours. In complex classes, many properties and other data not highly dependent on time would be stored in the serialized string, while more volatile things like file handles and database links would be closed and reopened later. An exception does exist: Large amounts of data that can be quickly generated should be destroyed or at least compacted in __sleep so they do not take up space in the serialized file. For example, an array containing algorithmically-generated entries that is 2000 entries long should be regenerated.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: PHP Programming/Special Methods


text:
Bradford Children's Hospital

Bradford Children's Hospital in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, was founded in 1883 and closed in 1988. Its foundation stone was laid by Samuel Cunliffe Lister in 1889. Richard Smithells was once a paediatrician at the hospital. After it closed as a children's hospital the building became Nightingale's Nursing Home which closed in 2006. Subsequently it was converted into the Anjuman-e-Haideria Mosque. It is a grade II listed building.

title: Bradford Children's Hospital


text:
processare

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to try, to put on trial
 * 2)  to judge
 * 1)  to judge

Etymology 2
.

Verb

 * 1)  to process (e.g. data)

title: processare


text:
Vermes, Switzerland

Vermes is a former municipality in the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. The municipalities of Montsevelier, Vermes and Vicques merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Val Terbi.

History
Very little is known about the early centuries of Vermes. The village is first mentioned in 769 by the name of Verteme, supposedly derived from the Gaulish word vertima, meaning mountain top. It is again mentioned in 866 as Vertima and in 1308 as Vermunt.

The village of Vermes has its origins in the Saint Paul monastery, which was built in the 7th century by monks of the order of Saint Columban of Luxeuil. The abbot of Luxeuil Saint Waldebert has appointed Saint Germanus of Granfelden abbot of Moutier; at the same time he was assigned the smaller monasteries of Vermes and Saint-Ursanne. Saint Germanus governed the monasteries for 35 years, leading into an era of expansion and prosperity. In the 9th century the Columban Rule was abandoned and Saint Paul transformed into a Benedictine monastery. After nearly three centuries of existence, the Saint Paul monastery of Vermes was most likely dissolved around the year 962 by the sons of Liutfried VI, Count of Upper Alsace. The remains of the monastery are still clearly visible upon Sur les Clos in Vermes.

Geography
Vermes had an area of. Of this area, 7.08 km2 or 38.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 10.42 km2 or 56.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.65 km2 or 3.6% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.04 km2 or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and 0.06 km2 or 0.3% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.5%. Out of the forested land, 53.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 4.0% is used for growing crops and 20.1% is pastures and 14.4% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The former municipality is located in the Delemont district, in the val Terbi. It consists of the village of Vermes, the hamlet of Envelier and Raymontpierre Castle.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or, a Bend Azure between two Trefoils Vert in bend counterposed.

Demographics
Vermes has a population of 321. , 3.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 7.8%. Migration accounted for 11.7%, while births and deaths accounted for -2.9%.

Most of the population speaks French (222 or 69.6%) as their first language, German is the second most common (90 or 28.2%) and English is the third (5 or 1.6%). There are 2 people who speak Italian.

, the population was 52.1% male and 47.9% female. The population was made up of 167 Swiss men (50.3% of the population) and 6 (1.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 152 Swiss women (45.8%) and 7 (2.1%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 133 or about 41.7% were born in Vermes and lived there in 2000. There were 56 or 17.6% who were born in the same canton, while 88 or 27.6% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 30 or 9.4% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24.5% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 56.4% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.1%.

, there were 115 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 146 married individuals, 33 widows or widowers and 25 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 130 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household. There were 40 households that consist of only one person and 11 households with five or more people. , a total of 128 apartments (65.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 57 apartments (29.1%) were seasonally occupied and 11 apartments (5.6%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 1.98%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SPS which received 50.7% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (23.47%), the CVP (12.21%) and the CSP (9.39%). In the federal election, a total of 109 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 42.2%.

Economy
, Vermes had an unemployment rate of 2.5%. , there were 58 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 19 businesses involved in this sector. 7 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 3 businesses in this sector. 25 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 11 businesses in this sector. There were 146 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.8% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 66. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 44, of which 42 were in agriculture and 2 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 6, all of which were in manufacturing. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 16. In the tertiary sector; 4 or 25.0% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 8 or 50.0% were in a hotel or restaurant, 3 or 18.8% were in education.

, there were 9 workers who commuted into the municipality and 82 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 9.1 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 9.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 52.7% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 184 or 57.7% were Roman Catholic, while 42 or 13.2% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 84 individuals (or about 26.33% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 2 (or about 0.63% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 1 individual who belonged to another church. 37 (or about 11.60% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 11 individuals (or about 3.45% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Vermes about 101 or (31.7%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 23 or (7.2%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 23 who completed tertiary schooling, 56.5% were Swiss men, 26.1% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Jura school system provides two year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school followed by some form of Tertiary school or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2009-10 school year, there were a total of 26 students attending 2 classes in Vermes. There were no kindergarten classes in the municipality. The municipality had 2 primary classes and 26 students. There are only nine Secondary schools in the canton, so all the students from Vermes attend their secondary school in another municipality.

, there were 27 students from Vermes who attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Vermes, Switzerland


text:
Fast N' Loud season 12

This is a list of episodes for Fast N' Loud Season 12. Season 12 started on January 16, 2017.

title: Fast N' Loud season 12


text:
GENtle/Projects

A project in GENtle is a collection of sequences that belong together, even if they are in different databases. Projects can be Depending on the options, the last used project is automatically opened when GENtle starts.
 * loaded via File/Load Project or F11
 * saved via File/Save Project or F12
 * closed via File/Close Project

Projects consists of a list of sequences, not the sequences themselves. If a sequence is renamed, moved or deleted, GENtle will dispay a warning next time a project containing that sequence is opened.

For efficient use of sequencing primers, one can create a project that contains all available sequencing primers, and then refer to that project in the ../Sequencing Primers/ dialog.

title: GENtle/Projects


text:
добръ

Etymology
, from, from.

Adjective

 * 1) good
 * 2) beautiful
 * 1) beautiful
 * 1) beautiful
 * 1) beautiful
 * 1) beautiful
 * 1) beautiful
 * 1) beautiful

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) good

title: добръ


text:
asogwa

Noun

 * 1) (of a person) spokesman, the "voice" of a group of people.
 * 2) senator

Usage notes

 * Commonly in Surnames of Southern Igbo, Nigeria

'Aso'meaning without looking at faces, short for 'Asoihu' 'Gwa' meaning talk. Both 'Aso' and 'gwa'combining to mean 'speaking without fear'. Hence ,the voice of the people.

title: asogwa


text:
User:Tadlund5/sandbox

Synanceia verrucosa is a species of venomous fish in the family Synanceiidae, commonly known as the Reef Stonefish. The Reef Stonefish is the most widespread species of stonefish, found in shallow waters of the Red Sea and the Indo-Pacific. It is the deadliest fish in the sea, with its venom being incredibly harmful to humans. Stonefish venom can be fatal at a dose of only 18mg, which the fish is capable of releasing with only six of its thirteen spines. The protein makeup differs between the three species of stonefish, but in Reef stonefish the fatal protein is the verrucotoxin protein. The Reef Stonefish lives most of its life as a solitary animal, and during mating season only aggregates with the opposite sex for a short time. When a female stonefish has reached sexual maturity, she will lay her unfertilized eggs on the floor of the reef. A male will then swim by and release sperm onto the layer of eggs, fertilizing them. Stonefish eggs are fairly large, with young fish hatching well developed. The mating system of the Reef Stonefish is promiscuity, as the female will not discriminate between which males can lay their sperm on the egg layer. Sexual dimorphism is apparent in reef stonefish, with females being larger than males. The Reef Stonefish has evolved many adaptations to help them succeed in the reef bottom. Their skin is rocky and uneven, which helps them hide and remain camouflaged in between rocks and corals. Among these adaptations are the 13 dorsal spines that protect the animal when necessary. Its venom is used only in defensive situations but can be every effective. The Reef Stonefish is carnivorous, and feeds on smaller fish, shrimp, and small crustaceans. It captures prey by sitting motionless on the reef floor and waiting for animals to swim by. The stonefish will then engulf its prey, doing so at incredible speeds. Some stonefish have been recorded striking their prey in .015 seconds.

title: User:Tadlund5/sandbox


text:
Cavendish Farms

Cavendish Farms is a Canadian food processing company and subsidiary of the J. D. Irving group of companies. Its headquarters are in Dieppe, New Brunswick and potato processing plants in New Annan, Prince Edward Island, Lethbridge, Alberta, and Jamestown, North Dakota, and an appetizer plant in Wheatley, Ontario. It is the 4th largest processor of frozen potato products in North America. It was established in 1980. The New Annan facility employs about 700 people. It is "one of the largest employers on Prince Edward Island. Cavendish Farms is the "largest private-sector employer on P.E.I." About 80 P.E.I. farmers grow potatoes for Cavendish Farms.

Background
In 1980, Irving Group purchased C.M. Mclean potato and vegetable processing facility in PEI Canada and renamed it Cavendish Farms. In 2001, Cavendish Farms acquired its "first US processing plant in Jamestown, North Dakota". Cavendish Farms is part of the family-owned Irving Group of Companies established in 1882.

Cavendish Farms is the 4th largest processor of frozen potato products in North America, and the "largest private-sector employer" on P.E.I. Prince Edward Island is known for its potatoes—the potato industry employs—directly or indirectly— about 12% of the Island's workforce, and contributes over $1 billion annually to the P.E.I. which represents 10.8% of the province's GDP. In 2013, about 88,000 acres of potatoes were grown on P.E.I. Of the three types of potatoes harvested table potatoes, seed potatoes, and processing potatoes, about 60% of P.E.I. are "manufactured into French fries, potato chips, and many other products."

By 2020, about 80 P.E.I. farmers grew potatoes for Cavendish Farms.

Potato industry in Prince Edward Island
P.E.I.'s potato industry is the "biggest economic driver in the province". In 2017, P.E.I. had the " largest potato crop in Canada", according to Statistics Canada." "Processing potatoes into french fries and other frozen products represents up to 70 per cent of the industry."

Ground water (Prince Edward Island)
Prince Edward Island implemented a moratorium on deep well irrigation in 2002, to protect its ground water supply. At an October 2015, P.E.I. Environmental Advisory Committee meeting to draft a Water Act, Leo Broderick with the Council of Canadians said that the Island needs to "legislate a ban on deep well irrigation to prevent long-term groundwater depletion".

The Ministry of Environment provides an online—both historical and real-time—of groundwater levels (GWLs) with data from 14 groundwater level observation wells across PEI: Baltic, Bear River, Bloomfield, Caledonia, Georgetown, Knutsford, Lakeside, New Dominon, New Zealand Road, Riverdale, Sleepyhollow, Souris Line Road, Souris River Road, St. Charles, Summerside GST, and York.

The major source of water supplies in Prince Edward Island—both industrial and potable—is groundwater from 260 watersheds that are "relatively small and non-contiguous." In the late 2010s, the agriculture sector's demand for supplemental irrigation, has presented several challenges for "water and resource managers". Because of the uneven topography of the island and its "relatively small and non-contiguous watersheds", "pumping groundwater has ... raised concerns for groundwater sustainability." In their January 2020 article in the journal Water, the authors write that an "inventory of groundwater is necessary for efficient water resource management, especially in relation to growing groundwater demands for agricultural use. It is neither feasible nor economical to install and manage monitoring groundwater wells in a place like Prince Edward Island, which consists of 260 watersheds for efficient water management."

By 2016, yields for P.E.I. process growers were not increasing at pace with other North American regions, according to P.E.I. Potato Board. In 2017, because of "limited availability of potatoes on the Island" the company imported 150 million pounds of potatoes in 2017 from New Brunswick, Manitoba, Alberta and Maine, according to Ron Clow, the General Manager of Cavendish Farms.

CBC News reported on May 14, 2018, that "French-fry giant Cavendish Farms" had "reiterated its desire to see the end of a moratorium on new high-capacity agricultural wells" which Irving said would help P.E.I. potato farmers "stay competitive". At the Greater Charlottetown Area Chamber of Commerce's annual general meeting, the company president, Robert K. Irving—who was the keynote speaker—said that without "supplemental irrigation" is needed when low rainfalls and drought-type conditions would mean below-average yields during potato growing season."

Potatoes are sensitive to soil water deficits compared to other crops such as wheat, and need frequent irrigation, especially while tubers are growing. With climate change, reduced rainfall in many areas is predicted to increase the need for irrigation of potato crops. Potatoes require 8.4 gallons of water needed to produce 100 grams of each crop, which is quite efficient compared to corn.

In July 2018, Cavendish Farms announced that because of a shortage of Island potatoes, they would be closing their fresh packaging facility in O’Leary and laying off 40 workers.

Covid-19 pandemic
P.E.I. farm owner, Douglas Campbell, who is District Director of the National Farmers Union, expressed concern that "family farms will disappear unless they are forced under the umbrella of the industrial sector, the processors and retailer. Farmers are often under pressure to use farm practices which they know are destructive. In PEI alone thousands of farm families have been pushed off the land."

During the COVID-19 pandemic, with inter-provincial borders already closed, Cavendish Farms said that because of a surplus of potatoes, that the "P.E.I. potato producers under contract to supply" Cavendish Farms with potatoes should "sell to other markets if they can".

Campbell raised concerns that the $4.7 million relief fund announced by the PEI Minister of Agriculture was largely "destined" for the Irving group of companies. When Cavendish Farms became aware that they had access to government pandemic relief funds, they told their potato producers under contract to supply, that they plan on taking "potatoes from the growers and produce marketable french fries".

In a May 2020, CBC interview, the United Potato Growers of Canada (UPG)'s general manager, Kevin MacIsaac, said that "french fry processors are asking their growers to plant anywhere from 15 to 35 per cent fewer" potatoes in 2020, which had resulted in a surplus of "80 million pounds of unsold seed potatoes". A veteran potato farmer from Grahams Road, P.E.I. who had farmed since the 1970s, said that he had "700,000 pounds of unsold seed potatoes in cold storage" that in a normal year would have yielded over "10 million pounds of potatoes in the fall, ready to be processed into french fries."

The province provided "$4.7 million to pay for shipping and storage of processed potatoes in order to have Cavendish Farms... use up existing stocks from Island growers". The P.E.I. Potato Board said that the provincial funds meant that 100 million pounds of P.E.I. potatoes were processed which "protected $13 million in revenues" for the potato producers, roughly 80 Island farmers.

Lands Protection Act
In 2019, the P.E.I. chapter of the National Farmers Union raised concerns that the spirit of the province's 1980s Lands Protection Act was not being respected as three farm corporations,—Galloway Farms Ltd., Long River Farms Ltd. and Indian River Farms Ltd.—all naming Mary Jean Irving, the daughter of KC Irving, and/or one or both of her two daughters, Rebecca and Elizabeth Irving, as shareholders and directors—submitted 32 applications to the Island Regulatory and Appeals Commission to "purchase parcels of land totalling 2,221 acres in the Summerside area currently owned by Brendel Farms Ltd." The Lands Protection Act "set limits on land ownership of 1,000 acres for individuals, and 3,000 acres for corporations." In response to the concerns, Mary Jean Irving said that she has been on the "Island and growing potatoes for 29 years" and her two daughters are also interested in farming. Irving said that "neither J. D. Irving group of companies, nor its subsidiary Cavendish Farms, were involved with the proposed land purchases".

Indian River Farms
Indian River Farms, which is also owned Irving group of companies, is managed by Elizabeth Irving, who is a fifth generation family member. Indian River Farms was established in 1992 and has a staff of about 20 to 49. Its main production is Irish potatoes. In the late 2010s, during a period of long stretches of dry weather" on the Island, potato growers in the area around Spring Valley, Prince Edward Island began to construct large holding ponds of water "seeking to improve potato yields". By 2019, Indian River Farms had seven large holding ponds near Spring Valley and were building more. Electric pumps housed in sheds feed ground water into the large ponds, some of which are constructed on "raised berms, above ground level". All are supplied with groundwater from "multiple low-capacity wells nearby" using electric pumps, housed in sheds. In a July 4, 2019 article in The Guardian, concerns were raised by some Islanders about the way in which large holding ponds in "the back country, away from people" were circumventing the spirit of the ban on new high-capacity agricultural wells on P.E.I. A concerned group of Islanders toured an irrigation pond in Spring Valley. Elizabeth Irving, who is a fifth generation family member of the 135-family Irving group and the manager of Indian River Farms said that a study undertaken by a hydrologist contracted by Indian River Farm, suggested that farming only uses "less than one percent of the annual recharge from surface runoff and precipitation".

Locations
The company's head office is Dieppe, New Brunswick with sales offices in Toronto, Montreal, and Boston. Cavendish Farms has potato processing plants in New Annan, Prince Edward Island, Lethbridge, Alberta, and Jamestown, North Dakota, and an appetizer plant in Wheatley, Ontario.

New Annan, Prince Edward Island
By 2020, the New Annan facility, which employs 700, was "one of the largest employers in the Prince Edward Island" In 2017 the company constructed a "50 million pound refrigerated storage facility."

Jamestown, North Dakota
Cavendish Farms acquired facilities in Jamestown, North Dakota in 2001—its first processing plant.

Lethbridge
The company acquired a processing plant in Lethbridge, Alberta in 2013 and in 2017, opened a new frozen potato processing plant there.

Partnerships
Cavendish Farms partnered with Holland College's Culinary Institute of Canada to establish the Cavendish Culinary Creation Center.

Yields for P.E.I. process growers were not increasing at pace with other North American regions, according to P.E.I. Potato Board. In May 2016, Cavendish Farms, its process growers, the government of PEI's Potato Board and the Department of Agriculture began a three-year Enhanced Agronomy Initiative, which is led by the Potato Board's Ryan Barrett. to "increase yields and profits." All four partners are jointly funding the Initiative, which will cost $180,000 a year for the three years. The growers funding is paid through a "special check-off on their processing contracts". The Initiative's steering committee also includes Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and the Dalhousie Faculty of Agriculture representatives.

title: Cavendish Farms


text:
Talk:GCSE Science/Transformers

'''i need to write a basic explanation about how a simple transformer works. Can anyone help me? thanks''' -ANON

 * Well I thought my explanation in the module was pretty ok.But put what you have in mind here on this talk page and I'll be happy to discuss it with you. Theresa knott 21:39, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Wrong Equation
Seems to me the equations Ip/Is= Np/Ns or, rearranging: Is= Ip * Ns/Np are wrong.

Actually, Vp/Vs=Np/Ns and since Vp*Ip=Vs*Is <==> Vp/Vs=Is/Ip, Is/Ip=Np/Ns.

 * You are absolutely correct. I mistakenly was thinking of the equation for voltage instead of current.  Sorry for the mess up. — Brim 14:40, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:GCSE Science/Transformers


text:
User:Xibitgh/sandbox/Bonsa tyre Factory

Bonsa Tyre Factory was founded in 1963 in Bonsaso,Tarkwa-Nsuaem municipality to manufacture automobile tyres in the Western Region of Ghana

History
After its establishment in 1963,Firestone acquired 60% stake of it and the remaining 40% was maintained by the Government of Ghana.Firestone later sold its 60% stake to the Government of Ghana in 1981.Under the Bonsa Tyres Rehabilitation Project,a credit facility and technical support of  $30.7 million was used to revitalize the company in 1990.

Bonsa Tyre Company Limited had a the capacity to produce 1,230 tires and 960 inner tubes a day.Retread compounds and rubber cement for tyres retreading and various diversified rubber products were produced using raw materials from the local markets.It provided direct and indirect employment to people.

title: User:Xibitgh/sandbox/Bonsa tyre Factory


text:
Bajaur District

Bajaur District (باجوړ ولسوالۍ, ), formerly Bajaur Agency, is a district in the Malakand Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Prior to 2018, Bajaur Agency was the northernmost component of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), a semi-autonomous region along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border. In May 2018, FATA was merged into the larger Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KPK) in an attempt to bring stability to the region, redesignating Bajaur Agency to Bajaur District.

The district lies on Pakistan's western border, sharing a 52 km border with Afghanistan's Kunar Province, and lies 35 mi (56 km) north of the Torkham border crossing linking Jalalabad and Peshawar. 498 square kilometer miles in size, Bajaur occupies a small mountain basin and is into seven tehsil (subdistricts) with its district headquarters in the town of Khar, in the district's center. According to the 2017 Pakistani census, Bajaur District has a population of 1,090,987.

Geography
Before the 2018 incorporation of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas' (FATA) tribal agencies into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KPK), Bajaur Agency was both the northernmost and smallest of the seven tribal agencies, bordering the slightly larger Kurram Agency to its south.

Bajaur is about 45 mi long and 20 mi wide. It lies at a high elevation to the east of the Kunar Valley of Afghanistan from which it is separated by a continuous line of rugged frontier hills. The old road from Afghanistan's Kabul to Pakistan went through Bajaur before a new pass, Khyber Pass, was constructed.

To the south of Bajaur is the district of Mohmand. To the east, beyond the Panjkora River, are the hills of Swat District. On its east side, there is the district of Malakand, while on its northeast is an intervening watershed between Bajaur and Dir.

Nawagai is the chief town of Bajaur; the Khan of Nawagai was previously under the British protection for the purpose of safeguarding of the Chitral road.

An interesting feature in the topography is a mountain spur from the Kunar range.

The drainage of Bajaur flows eastwards, starting from the eastern slopes of the dividing ridge, which overlooks the Kunar and terminating in the Panjkora river, so that the district lies on a slope tilting gradually downwards from the Kunar ridge to the Panjkora.

Jandol, one of the northern valleys of Bajaur, has ceased to be of political importance since the 19th century, when a previous chief, Umra Khan, failed to appropriate himself Bajaur, Dir and a great part of the Kunar valley. It was the active hostility between the Amir of Kabul (who claimed sovereignty of the same districts) and Umra Khan that led, firstly to the demarcation agreement of 1893 which fixed the boundary of Afghanistan in Kunar; and, secondly, to the invasion of Chitral by Umra Khan (who was no party to the boundary settlement), and the siege of the Chitral fort in 1895.

Ancient history
The area was the site of the ancient Gandhara kingdom of Apraca from the 1st century BCE to the 1st century CE, and a stronghold of the Aspasioi, a western branch of the Ashvakas (q.v) of the Sanskrit texts who had earlier offered stubborn resistance to the Macedonian invader Alexander the Great in 326 BCE. The whole region came under Kushan control after the conquests of Kujula Kadphises during the first century CE.

Alexander the Great
Alexander turned south from Aornus and continued march towards the Indus, but the greatest surprise during the march came when he neared the town of Nysa (former name of Bajaur). The local people and even the flora seemed strangely out of place in these mountains. The Nysains placed their dead in cedar coffin in the trees - some of which Alexander accidentally set on fire - and made wine from grapes, unlike other tribes in the area. The Acuphis, the chief man of the city, who has been sent to them along with other thirty leaders, begged him not to harm their towns as they were descendants of settlers that the god Dionysus placed their generation before. Their prolific ivy, a plant sacred to Dionysus that nowhere else in the mountain, was proof they were the people blessed by god. Then they were only commanded to give him 300 cavalry, after which he restored their freedom and allow them to live under their own laws, having made Acuphis governor of the city. Alexander took his son and grandson as hostages. He sacrificed there to Bacchus under this god’s others name of Dionysus.

Bajaur casket
The Bajaur casket, also called the Indravarma reliquary, year 63, or sometimes referred to as the Avaca inscription, is an ancient reliquary from the area of Bajaur in ancient Gandhara, in the present-day Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. It is dated to around 5-6 CE. It proves the involvement of the Scythian kings of the Apraca, in particular King Indravarman, in Buddhism. The casket is made of schist.

Bajaur massacre
In 1518, Babur had invested and conquered the fortress of Bajaur, The Gabar-Kot from Sultan Mir Haider Ali Gabari the Jahangirian Sultan and gone on to conquer Bhera on the river Jhelum, a little beyond the salt ranges. Babur claimed these areas as his own, because they had been part of Taimur's empire. Hence, "picturing as our own the countries once occupied by the Turks", he ordered that "there was to be no overrunning or plundering [of the countryside]". It may be noted that this applied to areas which did not offer resistance, because earlier, at Bajaur, where the Pashtun tribesmen had resisted, he had ordered a general massacre, with their women and children being made captive.

Babur justifies this massacre by saying, "the Bajauris were rebels and at enmity with the people of Islam, and as, by heathenish and hostile customs prevailing in their midst, the very name of Islam was rooted out...".

As the Bajauris were rebels and inimical to the people of Islam, the men were subjected to a general massacre and their wives and children were made captive. At a guess, more than 3,000 men met their death. We entered the fort and inspected it. On the walls, in houses, streets and alleys, the dead lay, in what numbers! Those walking around had to jump over the corpses.

Battle of Malandari Pass
From late 1585 into 1586, forces of the Mughal army led by Zain Khan Koka, at the direction of the Mughal emperor Akbar the Great, waged a military campaign to subdue the Yusufzai tribes of Bajaur and Swat. The Mughal operation, which culminated in the Battle of the Malandari Pass resulted in an Afghan victory and a military embarrassment for Abkar.

Princely state
Bajaur was a princely state run by the Nawab of Khar. The Last and most prominent Nawab was Abdul Subhan Khan, who ruled until 1990.

Recent decades
During the Soviet invasion in the 1980s, the area was a critical staging ground for Afghan and local mujahideen to organise and conduct raids. It still hosts a large population of Afghan refugees sympathetic to Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, a mujahideen leader ideologically close to the Arab militants. Today, the United States believes militants based in Bajaur launch frequent attacks on American and Afghan troops in Afghanistan.

Airstrikes
An aerial attack, executed by the United States targeting Ayman al-Zawahiri, took place in a village in Bajaur Agency on January 13, 2006, killing 18 people. Al-Zawahiri was not found among the dead and the incident led to severe outrage in the area.

On October 30, 2006, 80 people were killed in Bajaur when Pakistani forces attacked a religious school they said was being used as a militant training camp. There are many unconfirmed reports that the October attack was also carried out by the United States or NATO forces, but was claimed by Islamabad over fears of widespread protest similar to those after the US bombing in January 2006. Maulana Liaqat, the head of the seminary, was killed in the attack. Liaqat was a senior leader of the pro-Taliban movement Tanzim Nifaz Shariat Mohammadi (TNSM), that spearheaded a violent Islamic movement in Bajaur and the neighbouring Malakand areas in 1994. The TNSM had led some 5,000 men from the Pakistani areas of Dir, Swat and Bajaur across the Mamund border into Afghanistan in October 2001, to fight US-led troops. In what is thought to be a reprisal for the October strike in Bajaur, in November, a suicide bomber killed dozens in an attack on an army training school in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.

Bajaur offensive
Loi sum is on a strategic location, road come from four sides, (khar, Nawagi, Tangai and Inzari), so approach was easy from Charmang and Ambar. That was the reason that this area was affected mostly. A military offensive by the military of Pakistan (FC and Leaves) was launched in early 8 August 2008 to retake the border crossing near the town of Loi-Sum, 12 km from khar from militants loyal to Tehrik-e-Taliban, the so-called Pakistani Taliban. In the two weeks following the initial battle, government forces pulled back to Khar and initiated aerial bombing and artillery barrages on presumed militant positions, which reportedly has all but depopulated Bajaur and parts of neighbouring Mohmand Agency, with an estimated 300,000 fleeing their homes. The estimate of casualties ran into the hundreds. The offensive was launched in the wake of Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani's visit to Washington in late July, and is believed by some to be in response to U.S. demands that Pakistan prevent the FATA being used as a safe haven by insurgents fighting American and NATO troops in Afghanistan. However, the offensive was decided by the military, not the civilian government. The bloody bombing of Pakistan Ordnance Factories in Wah on August 21, 2008, came according to Maulvi Omar, a spokesman for the Pakistani Taliban, as a response to the Bajaur offensive. after a few weeks, the Pak army came to battlefield. In an initial way toward the Loi sum Taliban did not resist and let them to come to middle position, when they reach to Rashakai, (3–4 km from Loi sum) Talaiban started to attack them but the Army was far stronger than their expectation. For several weeks they stayed in Rashakai, then 1st attempt Army come to loi sum, stay for whole day and come back to Rashakai, In 2nd attempt was the same, and 3rd attempt they come to loi sum and took the control of the area. Army continues there journey, control the main road of Bajaur from Khar to Nawagi, and the peripheral areas were still in the hold of Taliban. After nine months of vigorous clashes between government security forces and Taliban, military forces have finally claimed to have forced militants out of Bajaur Agency, and advanced towards strongholds of Taliban in the region. According to figures provided by the Government of Pakistan, 1,600 militants were killed and more than 2,000 injured, while some 150 civilians also died and about 2,000 were injured in the fighting. The military operation forced more than 300,000 people to flee their homes and take shelter in IDP camps in settled districts of the province. To date, more than 180,000 IDPs have returned to their homes in Bajaur Agency, facing widespread destruction to their lives, livelihoods and massive unemployment. In August, 2012, the Pakistani Army de-listed Bajaur as conflict zone.

Media coverage
From 2008 through 2010, Al Jazeera English produced multiple features of the ongoing conflict between Pakistani military forces and Taliban militants in the agency.

In early 2013, VICE News founder Shane Smith accompanied and documented a raid on suspected Taliban fighters by the Pakistani Frontier Corps' Bajaur Scouts in Bajaur Agency.

Islamic State
As of March 2024, the Islamic State's Khorasan Province (ISIS-K) maintains an operational presence in Bajaur, conducting 4 attacks in 2021, 21 attacks in 2022, and 18 in 2023. The majority of ISIS-K attacks in Bajaur occur in Mamond tehsil, followed by Inayat Kali, Salarzo, and Khar tehsils.

Administrative divisions
Bajaur District is currently subdivided into seven tehsils (subdistricts).

Demographics
At the time of the 2017 census the district had a population of 1,090,987. Bajaur had a sex ratio of 962 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 29.93% - 48.65% for males and 10.97% for females. The entire population was rural. 37.47% of the population was under 10 years of age. 348 (0.03%) people in the district were from religious minorities. Pashto was the predominant language, spoken by 99.21% of the population.

Nationality
Bajaur District is 99.73% Pakistani with a relatively small population of inhabitants identifying as of a non-Pakistani nationality.

Tribal affiliation
Bajaur is inhabited near exclusively by Tarkanri (Mamund, Kakazai, Wur and Salarzai) Pashtuns, as well as a smaller population of Utmankhel, Wazir, Safi, and Yousafzai tribes. Gujaran and Swatis are also present. The Utmankhel are at the southeast of Bajaur, while Mamund are at the southwest, and the Tarkalanri are at the north of Bajaur. Its border with Afghanistan's Kunar province makes it of strategic importance to Pakistan and the region.

Language
The mother tongue of the majority of Bajauris are expectedly 99.21% Pashto, reflective of the indigenous Pashtun (also 'Pakthtun') population that inhabits much of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK, for which the province derives its name) and eastern Afghanistan. Other residents are first-language Urdu speakers, the national language of Pakistan, while relatively small numbers are native Balochi, Sindhi, Kashmiri, Saraiki, Brahvi (Brahui), and Punjabi speakers.

Religion
Bajaur District is nearly entirely Muslim with its two smallest tehsils, Barang and Bar Chamer Kand being entirely Muslim while Mamund, Salarzai, Utmal Khel, and Nawagai are 98.98–98.99% Muslim with 13–37 Ahmadis. The Khar Bajaur Tehsil, containing the district's largest settlement and the district headquarters, Khar, contains the largest non-Muslim population with 158 Christians, 53 Ahmadi, and a single Hindu resident, though the tehsil is still 99.91% Muslim.

Governance and politics
Constituents of Bajaur District are politically represented locally through elected union councils, town governments, and tehsil governments. The district government includes a deputy commissioner, additional deputy commissioner, two assistant commissionars, tehsildars (heads of tehsil), district agricultural officer, district educational officer, medical superintendent, district coordination officer, assistant director for local government, and district population welfare officer.

Provincial Assembly Members
At the provincial level, constituents are represented by the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, an elected unicameral legislature of 145 seats in the provincial capital of Peshawar, with 115 general seats, 26 reserved for women, and 4 reserved for non-Muslims.

12th Provincial Assembly
The 8 February 2024 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election, based on the results of a 2023 digital census, granted Bajaur District a fourth seat in the Provincial Assembly. Due to the controversial national ban on the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party, PTI electoral candidates, including the winner of the PK-19 Bajaur-I constituency, were forced to run as independent candidates. The elections appointed Hamid Ur-Rehman, Wahid Gul, and Sardar Khan to represent Bajaur District in the 12th Provincial Assembly which secured a PTI (independent) majority with 68.5% of provincial assembly seats.

A PTI candidate for the new PK-22 Bajaur-IV constituency election, Rehan Zeb Khan, was shot and killed by an ISIS-K attacker while in his car in a market in Bajaur District, leading to the postponement of that constituency's election, as well as in NA-8.

National Assembly Members
A PTI candidate for the NA-8 constituency election, Rehan Zeb Khan, was shot and killed by an ISIS-K attacker while in his car in a market in Bajaur District, leading to the postponement of that constituency's election, as well as in PK-22.

Education
In Bajaur, the total number of SSC-level schools registered with Malakand Board are 150 (61 government-run, 89 private-run). The number of HSSC-level colleges are 56 (18 government-run, 38 private-run).

Education rank
In district school education rank of Pakistan, the position of is going downward, according to the Alif Ailaan ranking, the rank of Bajaur in 2014, 2015 and 2016 is the following

Tourism
Bajaur is located near swat and District Dir, so the climates of these districts are comparatively same.

Koh-i-Mor
Koh-i-Mor is the highest peak in Bajaur. It is also called three peak mountain. Its top is covered with snow in winter and clouds are touching its peak. The peak of Koh-i-Mor is visible from the Peshawar valley when there is no clouds or Haze.

It is an historical mountain, its history is found two thousands year back, here at the foot of the Koh-i-mor mountain, that Alexander the Great founded the ancient city of Nysa and the Nysaean colony, traditionally said to have been founded by Dionysus. The Koh-i-Mor has been identified as the Meros of Arrian's history—the three-peaked mountain from which the god issued

For hiking, like Jahaz Banda and Fairy meadow, kon-I-mor is the best, it is about four hours trekking non-local and two and a half for locals. On the way you will see a lot of variation. In some places you will pass through thick forest of fine trees, some places have shrubs, and some place you will see some different kinds of trees.

People are living in koh-i-mor up-to near the top. These people have simple houses with a single room, there is no extra boundary wall. Rooms are made like caves in mountain. Majority of them are shepherds.

Chenarran (platane Orientalis)
At the base of Koh-i-Mor a lot of chenar trees along with spring. Locals people are coming here and enjoy the nature, making their own cooking, some have load speakers, music, etc. majority people come along with their families.

Gabar Chenna
It is situated in Tehsil Salarzai, it has snowy water, people are come from all over the Bajaur and DIR to enjoy it especially in Ramadan and Eids. It is a historically spring, once here was a undefeated king ....

Charmang Hill
The Charmang hills in Bajaur are covered with pine trees and also the roads is made up to top of hill. The road goes on top of hill from bottom to top. In winter, the whole mountain is covered with snow for months.

Raghagan DAM
Raghagan Dam is situated in Tehsil Salarzai. It a tourist spot nowadays. Boats are present here for tourists.

Agriculture
Bajaur is a semi-independent in agriculture field, The soil is fertile but the no proper irrigation system. Harvest Crops; People grow wheat, maze and rices in some areas. All the crops is mainly dependent on rain. Vegetable and Fruits; The different types of vegetables are growing in Bajaur. Potato, tomato, onion, lady fingers, spinach, and orange parsimon, etc

Marble
Marbles are found in various regions, mainly in Inzari and Nawagai. There are different types of marble supper white, Badle etc. In the local areas are marble factories, cut to into different sizes of the base of demand, and supply to all over the country and even abroad.

Marble factory
The marble cutting factories are found in Shaikh kali and Umary. The supply to the factories of marble mainly from the local mountains and they also bring the marble from ambar and Zairat. These different types and variety of marble then supply all over the country

Nephrite
Nephrite (jade) is the precious stone, Rs 3000–5000 per kg. The mines are found in Inzari and some area in Utmankhail tehsil. It exports mainly to China, The Chinese thought so too, and for thousands of years, nephrite articles had a special value and signature and skilled artisans carved increasingly intricate designs. Maybe because it was so rare in China, yet useful for its toughness, nephrite became the status symbol of the rulers, considered imperial stone.

Olives and olive oil
The KPK government has started olive production projects in the Bajaur district. Previously, many wild olive trees are present in the area having no such importance. They use agricultural techniques to convert these wild trees into more farmer friendly and productive plants. With new projects of planting olive trees on more than 150000 acres of land, the Bajaur district will be the olive hub of Pakistan. Moreover, the district administration has installed olive oil extraction machine for locals. this machine started producing olive oil this year. More than 200 kg of oil has been extracted which is just a beginning. In coming years you will see huge transformation. These projects will change the fate and economical status of the district. The locals will have more new employment opportunities cause reduction in unemployment in the tribal area.

title: Bajaur District


text:
User:Roop Singh Malhi Rajpoot/sandbox

Hello I am Roop Singh Malhi Rajpoot My age 18 My Date Of Birth 08-01-2002 Umerkot Sindh Pakistan My educations M.com

title: User:Roop Singh Malhi Rajpoot/sandbox


text:
Talk:Dexter Jackson (safety)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot (talk) 18:44, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Dexter Jackson (safety). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:32, 27 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dexter Jackson (safety)


text:
Armour/Making Period Leather Armour

Armour-Grade leather is basically boiled leather. In this tutorial I will tell you how to make a coat of leather scales, with 1/4 sleeves. If you wear a gambeson under it, it should be SCA legal. If it isn't, then, well you'll have a really cool motorcycle shirt.

Materials

 * A large pot that you aren't afraid of ruining.
 * Lots of eight ounce vegetable tanned leather, {or higher thicknesses, but no thicker than 12 ounce}
 * Leather needle, and thick wax coated thread. Fishing line will do fine as well.
 * Something that will easily cut the leather that you chose.
 * Leather punch.
 * A stopwatch, for timing the leathers, boiling time.
 * A spider scoop, or the thing you use to get deep fried food out of the boiler.

Starting the Pattern
Start by getting a pattern for a loose shirt with sleeves down to slightly above or below your elbows. A pattern for a chainmail shirt will work good as well, perhaps better. When you have that, make the pattern out of flexible, but tough leather, or thick cloth, like canvas. When you have the shirt sewn, try it on. You will cover every square inch on the outside of this, except the armpit, where you may want to put chainmail. How to make chainmail can be found in another of our tutorials ../Making Period Mail/.

Making the Scales
Now you can start making the scales. Obviously you won't be able to do it all in one day. It would probably be a good idea to start out with a simple rectangle, about three inches by an inch and a half. Once you get better you can make "dragon scales". Punch two holes in the top of each scale with the largest punch on the rotary punch, then punch two more a quarter inch beneath those. Fill up about a five gallon bucket. You can find full size patterns for several different scales

Boiling the Scales
Start boiling the water, depending on how many scales you are going to make about a couple gallons should be fine. When the water is simmering, hot, or boiling {your choice} you put the leather scales in until they have shrunk, and are rubbery. You will need to use the timer for this, and experiment. But remember that the longer you leave them in, the thicker, and harder they will get; additionally the longer the leather boils the more brittle it will become once dried. More than 60 seconds of immersion is not recommended as it tends to make the leather unsuitable for armor.

After they have been boiled, you will have to lay them out, perhaps on a cookie sheet, with another cookie sheet on top to keep them flat. After they are dry, thread the needle through the holes your prepunched, and start sewing them to your leather shirt. Make sure to overlap them. You won't beaned sew it on there, if you are going to try to use it for SCA battle.

Making Vambraces
To make vambraces you simply measure the greatest and least circumferences of your forearm, and make a conical pattern, with holes every half inch or so. Make it about two inches bigger than needed, to allow for the shrinkage. When you have boiled the leather long enough, wrap a towel around your arm, and use your arm as a mold for the leather. It may help if you have another person help you.

title: Armour/Making Period Leather Armour


text:
avalancha

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) avalanche
 * 2)  deluge, flood, spate, onslaught, outpouring, barrage
 * 1)  deluge, flood, spate, onslaught, outpouring, barrage

title: avalancha


text:
Talk:Operation Blade (Bass in the Place)

Use of "Happy Hardcore" as a genre for this piece of music.
Hello, very new to this, but! Happy Hardcore should not be used in this instance as this track in no way fits any of the characteristics of the genre. Happy Hardcore is primary characterised by its fast speed. It commonly sits between 160 - 190 BPM. Hard Trance sits between 135 - 155BPM.

The citation on the Happy Hardcore wiki page backs this up quite nicely. Reynolds, Simon (1998). Energy Flash: A Journey Through Rave Music and Dance Culture. Picador. "The difference between Happy Hardcore and happy gabba is slight: basically, the English tracks have sped-up breakbeats running alongside the stomping four-to-the-floor drum kick, and at 170 b.p.m., they're slightly slower than happy gabba." It also indicates tracks "that started to define the genre included Heart of Gold and Above the Clouds.[6]" With the citation being ) A listener who perhaps isn't familiar with the genre (happy hardcore) can get an idea of the wide gap between styles that isn't just limited to speed.

The citation given for 'happy hardcore' is a user review on a website by a user that at first glance has labelled Public Domains album "Hard Hop Superstars" as "Happy Hardcore" but upon reading the interview it actually labels the genre of the entire album 'hard-hop', a portamanteu of Hardcore and Hip Hop. It then goes on to describe the album as a "genre-splicing kerblam of crunching guitars, “intelligent beats” and rabid MCing " indicating there is more than one genre on the album and also a "happy(ish) hardcore record" which is the only instance where it refers to the album in particlar using these words, and again shows that the 'happy' has not even been used confidently. Overall though, the review is not of the individual track 'Operation Blade' which is what this, otherwise well written, wiki entry is all about.

Operation Blade is 140bpm, falling well short of 'Happy Hardcore', that's before we get started on the other commonly known characteristics of happy hardcore it lacks (pianos, (happy) vocals) as mentioned and cited above.

Being 140bpm it does fit nicely into the other two tags it has been given (Hard Trance, Acid) and it is backed up by a rock solid valid citation, Twans brilliant interview with Public Domain. However it cannot be both those genres AND happy hardcore - Happy Hardcore and those styles are contradictory in nature due to the speed constraints alone. 2A00:23C5:7588:4101:787E:A4C2:EA00:2B66 (talk) 16:59, 17 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I've removed it for now, but I don't like getting involved with genres because it usually leads to edit warring, which I am firmly against. I highly suggest that, if you want to partake in genre analysis, you should create a registered account. ResPM  (T🔈 🎵C) 17:57, 17 February 2021 (UTC)

Hope I'm doing this right, just created an account! Like you, I don't think genre-wars/edit warring is something I would want to get into either; it's just this 'happy hardcore' thing was a bit of a glaring one. Certainly not one that I think anyone would argue as the Hard Trance/Hard House fans wouldn't see it as Happy Hardcore and likewise Happy Hardcore fans would'nt see it as Happy Hardcore. So should be safe! Ties in nicely with the discogs page too, where they're equally attentive over genre labelling. Now to figure out how to make a good looking profile like you have, I think I've got a bit to learn! My wife chose this username... and now I appear to be stuck with it.Unclecuttlefish (talk) 22:07, 17 February 2021 (UTC)


text:
Neuromonakh Feofan

Neuromonakh Feofan (Нейромонáх Феофáн) is a musical project from St. Petersburg, Russia, combining drum 'n' bass and Russian folk music.

Neuromonakh Feofan's performances are styled after traditional Russian festivals. The group members perform in bast shoes, kosovorotkas and sarafans. One member performs dressed as a bear. The group's lyrics incorporate Church Slavonic and obsolete Russian words, and they play balalaika over the drum 'n' bass beats.

Members
The project's main members are songwriter and performer Neuromonakh Feofan, DJ Nikodim, and the Bear. The group members remain anonymous, and Neuromonakh Feofan appears on stage with his face covered by an Eastern Orthodox-style hood.

In a 2018 interview, Neuromonakh Feofan revealed that his real name is Oleg Stepanov.

History
In an interview with Afisha magazine, Nikodim stated that he professionally studied music before meeting Feofan. Neuromonakh Feofan had started recording songs in 2009. Feofan and Nikodim came up with the idea to start a new musical project during their forest walks.

The group's debut album, Drum in the Soul, Bright Rus' in the Heart («В душе драм, в сердце светлая Русь»), was released in early 2015. The group toured cities in Russia and Belarus to promote the album. The album was warmly received by listeners and critics and entered the top 10 of Russian iTunes.

Neuromonakh Feofan has performed at Russian music festivals such as Kubana, Nashestvie (Нашествие), Dikaya Myata (Дикая Мята), and VK Fest.

Neuromonakh Feofan was listed as the Russian Independent Performer of the Year on the Yandex Music's 2015 year-end list, based on the streaming service's listening statistics.

Critical reception
Musical critics have noted the novelty of the fusion of Russian folk motifs with electronic dance music in Neuromonakh's music, comparing the project with some legendary Russian performers like MC Vspyshkin and Ivan Kupala.

In an interview, Sergey Shnurov said that Neuromonakh Feofan is “a combination of the incompatible, they are Orthodox atheists, they are believing communists”. Shnurov also approved Neuromonakh Feofan's activities in social networks.

According to The Calvert Journal, Neuromonakh Feofan were part of a 2010s trend in Russian music of combining western electronic sounds with Russian Orthodox and folk musical traditions.

== Discography ==

Studio albums

 * 2015 — Drum in the Soul, Bright Rus' in the Heart («В душе драм, в сердце светлая Русь»)
 * 2016 — Great Forces of Goodness («Велики силы добра»)
 * 2017 — To Dance. To Sing («Плясать. Петь.»)
 * 2022 – Old Russian Rave («Древнерусский рейв»)

EPs

 * 2018 — «Тропа»
 * 2018 — «Замиренье»)
 * 2018 — «Сияние»
 * 2018 — «Тьма во мне»
 * 2019 — «Ивушка»

Singles

 * 2015 — "To Trample Down"
 * 2015 — "Now I Want to Dance!"
 * 2016 — "The Hut is Walking with Staggering"
 * 2016 — "Old Russian Drum"
 * 2017 — "And Now the Bear is Singing"
 * 2017 — "Old Russian Soul" (feat. Slot)
 * 2018 — "Viski" (feat. Bi-2)

title: Neuromonakh Feofan


text:
Talk:Serbo-Croatia

Needless
Serbo-Croatia and Serbo–Croatia are needlessly redirect, they should be wiped --SrpskiAnonimac (talk) 19:19, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Then you need to nominate them using WP:RFD. ~ GB fan 19:25, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I do not know English, if you can put it, I would be grateful .... Serbo-Croatia and Serbo–Croatia are needlessly redirect, same what would there were and on example: Croato-Serbia and Croato-Serbia --SrpskiAnonimac (talk) 19:44, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I think by saying they are "needlessly redirect" you are saying you do not see any need for them.  must have thought they were needed.  I can't put a good deletion reason forward if you can't explain why they should be deleted.  WP:RFD lists 10 reasons why we delete redirects.  Can you point to one of those that you think these redirect fall into?  ~ GB fan 19:58, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * RfD would not delete these because they are probable search terms, for those unfamiliar with the topic (i.e., unaware that Serbo-Croatian does not correspond to a place called or once called Serbo-Croatia the way that Czechoslovakian corresponds to Czechoslovakia, and Austro-Hungarian to Austria-Hungary a.k.a. the Austro-Hungarian Empire). There would never be any need for "Croato-Serbia", because "Croato-Serbian" isn't a construction with any currency.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  20:33, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * This is correct:
 * for Serbo-Croatia:
 * Serbo-Croatia → Serbo-Croatian (Serbian-Croatian) .... "Serbo-Croatia" — "Serbo" is "Serbian", "Croatia" - "Croatia"
 * example for Croato-Serbia:
 * Croato-Serbia → Croato-Serbian (Croatian-Serbian) .... "Croato-Serbia" — "Croato" is "Croatian", "Serbia" - "Serbia"

 * , when someone for example searches "Serbo-Croatian language" when you type "Serbo-Cro..." will offer example "Serbo-Croatian" ("Serbo-Croatia" is needlessly) --SrpskiAnonimac (talk) 20:52, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Nope. Just tested this. I put both "Serbo-Cro" and your "Serbo-Cro..." into the search box and the redirect was not returned in the search results. Even if it were, it would just redirect people, as intended, to Serbo-Croatian, so it wouldn't matter. I'm not quite sure what your point is about the other material. No one disputes that Croato- could be used as a combining form. But the actual term "Croato-Serbian" isn't used with any frequency in English, so we don't care.  If you think it really is used, feel free to create a Croato-Serbia redirect to Serbo-Croatian, too, for anyone who might be confused that a place called "Croato-Serbia" exists.  I think this is highly unlikely, but we have a principle here that "redirects are cheap", i.e. that it is better to err on the side of helping people find things than trying to assume they'll never use a search term you think they shouldn't use.  If you want to discuss this further, it should probably be done at Talk:Serbo-Croatia, instead of GB Fan's user talk page. I'm taking the liberty of copying the discussion-so-far to that page.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  22:56, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * PS: I've added the Croato-Serbian, Croato-Serb, and Croatian–Serbian variants to the Serbo-Croatian (disambiguation) page; while they're rare in English they do appear to be attested. They now all redirect to the same disambiguation page.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  23:17, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * on the computer "Serbo-C" --SrpskiAnonimac (talk) 23:21, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Again, I'm trying that, and neither Serbo-Croatia nor Serbo–Croatia (with the incorrect but plausible en dash) are showing up in the results being returned. Even if it did happen, they would redirect to the correct page anyway.  So, there is not a problem to solve, and even if there were it would not be a real problem.  If you are convinced that these redirects should not exist, you can list them for deletion at WP:RFD. I guarantee you they will not be deleted, for reasons already explained, so this would be a waste of time. :-/   — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  00:01, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I do not know English, I do not know how to put it, I use Google Translate, I hope you understand all I'm writing --SrpskiAnonimac (talk) 12:42, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * If you don't know enough English to explain your concerns then you might not have enough command of English to understand why these are helpful. You might consider listening to editors that speak English as a primary language.  ~ GB fan 13:16, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * And SrpskiAnonimac, if your concern is that en.Wikipedia is telling people that there really is a place called "Serbo-Croatia", that is not the case. The redirects exist for people who aren't sure whether there is such a place (for example, millions of school children), to send them to the page that shows that Serbo-Croatian is a language and an ethnicity (or group of ethnicities), not a nationality, thus not a nation/country. It's a  mechanism.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  13:59, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Serbo-Croatia


text:
Sufism/Nasrudin

Mullah, Nasrudin Hoja appears as the whimsical character in a growing tradition of stories. The tales of Nasrudin are sometimes adapted and used as teaching stories by followers of the Sufi way. Some mystic traditions use jokes, stories and poetry to express certain ideas, allowing the bypassing of the normal discriminative thought patterns. The rationality that confines and objectifies the thinking process is the opposite to the intuitive, gestalt mentality that the mystic is attempting to engage, enter and retain.

By developing a series of impacts that reinforce certain key ideas, the rational mind is occupied with a surface meaning whilst other concepts are introduced. Thus paradox, unexpectedness, and alternatives to convention are all expressed in the humor of Nasrudin.

Please add to the tales of Nasrudin and interpretations. It is said, there are as many interpretations as stars in the sky. And when you read a story, see yourself reflected in the story and make your own interpretations rather than relying on others to tell you the meaning of the story. In this way, you will learn for yourself and the usefulness of the story's teaching will be deeper.

The Eternal Comedian
It is sometimes said that the Universe is Allah laughing himself into existence. The idea of the cosmic joker that begins within a broadening smile allows us to hear the profound in the profane and the profane in the sanctimonious. Keep smiling.

The use of humor, stories and puzzles is well developed in shamanistic and pagan cultures. The mischievous spirit is both tension releasing and realizing of the solutions to life situations. Nasrudin Hodja belongs to this rich tradition stretching back into pre literate society. Humor brings insight and understanding and is a release of stored energy; clearing in nature.

 * "If you want
 * special illumination,
 * look upon a human face:
 * see deeply,
 * within laughter,
 * the essence
 * of ultimate
 * truth..."

Mevlana Jallaludin Rumi

Sufism
An opinion lessening form of Islamic heresy that stresses poetry and reasonable tolerance of peoples differences. Values inner quality above external piety. Nasrudin is often regarded as an 'Idiot', one of the appellations dervishes use in describing their Divine Madness. He also represents the excesses of the clerical or literal mind.

The Helper of Religion
There has to be more than just humor to make it a Nasreddin tale. It depends on the area from where the modern tales come. Tales originating in China will show a Nasreddin which has as extra element that he is campaigning for the oppressed, bullying rulers and those who abuse their authority. See "The Effendi And The Pregnant Pot - Uygur Tales from China"; New World Press; Beijing, China. "The Enchanted Prince" by Leonid Solovyov is a novel about Nasreddin wherin he is a flagrant subverter, a thorn in the side of the powers that be, a disturber of the peace. Ulrich Marzolph in his Nasreddin Hodscha presents no less than 666 true Nasreddin tales (although Nasreddin claims never to have spoken the truth) and does so in a chronological order, even showing erotical adventures of our hero. Sufi teachers are at times coining modern Nasreddin tales in order to further their teaching, as the opening sentence "One day Mulla Nasreddin..." is sufficient for many audiences to lower their barriers.

Nasruddin tales are from many ages and many cultures. There are Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Berber, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Chinese, Daghestani, Greek, Judeo-Arabic, Kurdish, Maltese, Mandaic, Macedonian, Persian, Serbian, Sicilian, Syrian, Tajik, Turkish, Uighur and Uzbek sources for Nasruddin tales. He is known as Nasreddin, Joha, Si Je'ha, Giufa, Ieha, Iugale, Gahan, Nastradin, Nastradi, Hojas, Jiha, Juha, Khodja, Mala, Apendi, Afandi, Effendi, Afanti

Timur's Gift I

 * Humor can speak to even the hardest of hearts.

Timur's Gift II

 * Always keep your word

The Book

 * Be wary of stories from exaggerators.
 * Label your possessions!
 * Good fortune favors the prudent.

The Guest of Honor

 * Nobody is greater than God.
 * One should show regard for those of humble means.
 * Even a person of no consequence can be Hodja.
 * Elevation comes through the abandonment of ego.
 * Beware of the clever tongue.

Face of the Devil

 * Nasrudin shows that the Devil is in us when we are angry. Timur's anger is where the Devil comes out.
 * Judge not that ye may not also be judged.
 * To teach anyone is correspondence with the Devil.
 * It is all about your disposition: You are/become what you desire.
 * Don't ask questions unless you want to know the answers.

Of any two options choose the third

 * Conflict is a natural state of affairs - it's okay to accept this.
 * Resolving disputes is not about who believes they are right.
 * Remember, always consider there might be external or unknown factors
 * Truth, correctness, and integrity are subjective.
 * Judgment doubly so.
 * Expecting the world to make perfect sense might not make sense.
 * Even judges can be fools.

A call to prayer

 * It is easier to deflect blame outside of yourself than to accept it.
 * It's hard to judge your own voice, just as it's hard to judge your own actions. Listen to those around you who care enough to criticise you.
 * Context is everything.
 * His singing may have been awful, but at least it worked!

Ignore the Braying

 * The truth can come from unexpected places.
 * Don't lie about your affairs. The truth comes out eventually.
 * Claims of religious authority is the first refuge of the scoundrel. Be wary of liars who lead.

Fishy Morality

 * Philosophizing is useless.
 * Moral conduct is ultimately selfish.
 * Kindness and wisdom expressed through customs and tradition often lose their meaning, and their intent.
 * Being mindful is not about philosophy.
 * The noblest philosophy and erudition can be used for selfish ends.
 * For the innovative, there always exists a perspective in which "doing unto others as you'd do unto yourself" pays off.

The Right Route

 * Don't leave town without directions.
 * If you do, then you might get turned around.
 * People in need of favors should watch their manners.
 * Why ask, if you seem to know better?

Wearing other people's hat

 * People need a teacher to help them learn more about themselves.
 * It is not only the Emperor who has no clothes.
 * If people are unable to laugh at themselves in order to learn, they can laugh at him instead and learn that way.

Wisdom from the Hidden Realms

 * What Allah sees as fair and what men see as fair is not necessarily one and the same.
 * Accept what you receive.
 * Do not compare yourself to others in terms of what is fair.
 * Life is not equally fair to everyone. Nor are humans equal to each other.
 * We don't always understand the bigger picture, so we should accept what life gives us.
 * Being fair - is a human concept and not something Allah made
 * Fairness is not in what God gives you, but in you doing right with what you are given.

Last Wishes

 * Never give up hope.
 * Dead men cannot hear.
 * Be sure you understand the question before you choose your answer.
 * Pay attention only to the real issue.
 * The best last wish is, that these wishes won''t be the last.
 * Die before you die.

Certainty

 * Smooth talkers get their way.
 * Sometimes, you just can't win.
 * Coins don't know who's right.
 * Make your own luck.
 * If you want to win a bet, ensure that you win regardless of the outcome.

Orthodoxy and heresy

 * Power is not the arbiter of truth.
 * Heresy and orthodoxy are worldly distinctions.
 * Religious definitions are more often politics than spirituality.

The Nature of the Unseen

 * Don't talk about things you don't know about.
 * A fool can make a fool of learned men.
 * The wisdom of the lord is the folly of men, and the folly of men is the wisdom of the lord.
 * People know as much about god as a chick that is still inside the egg.
 * Wise men can be trumped by a vegetable.
 * Religious people do not really believe the things they say and think they believe.
 * No description is equivalent to the thing it describes. To do so it would have to be the thing itself. Therefore, one can demonstrate but not describe the nature of Allah.
 * If we truly want to believe in and appreciate God, we should cherish him in all things, thus making our belief in him real.
 * Just because someone is making noise does not mean that they are communicating.
 * The nature of Allah is beyond human comprehension.
 * It makes no difference what Allah is.

Who died?

 * Language is imprecise and we can sometimes miss the context of a question.
 * Speak only the truth you know.
 * Once somebody is dead, it matters little who they were in life.
 * Being a traveler, he wouldn't have recognized the person who died anyway. Ask a stupid question, get a stupid answer.
 * We could answer many of our own questions, with a little thought.

Fishing...

 * Fools remain fools although power is with them.
 * Only Intelligence can win over power.
 * Power is founded on lies.
 * There is no reason to carry on with a deception after it has served its purpose.
 * Don't set in authority over you those who will lie to achieve such positions.
 * People tend to elect officials for foolish reasons. Image over substance.
 * Wisdom given may not mean what you expect it to mean, and the truth may be unflattering.
 * Be unique.

Return of the Camel

 * Not all who claim to have been wronged, truly have been.
 * Beware those who play on your sympathies, sometimes they do so for the wrong reasons.
 * Sometimes, the true thief is the one claiming to have been stolen from.
 * There is no thief and no camel to be returned. Things you make up don't become reality.

People's talk

 * It is impossible to please everyone.

Preaching

 * It is easy to manipulate an audience that trusts you implicitly.
 * The correct answer is not always the opposite of the wrong answer.
 * It is impossible to teach those who are completely ignorant, and it is impossible to teach those who believe they already know the answers. The real way toward wisdom is for the learned ones to pass on what they know to ones who are willing and able to learn.

Ageless Strength

 * It's all relative.
 * One must carefully choose the standards one measures oneself by. If the standard is too high it will never be achieved.
 * All of life's woes come from comparison.
 * The limitations of the self to effect the physical world remain relatively stable regardless of age or status.

The Great Pumpkin

 * Things are as they should be.
 * Man is unable to understand just how complex nature actually is.
 * To achieve the fruit (spiritual perfection) one needs to be humble as the big fruit grow on the vines which are on the ground. Tall trees cannot bear the weight of big fruit and hence only produce walnuts.
 * What we think should be best, and what really is best, are often very different things.
 * To compare what is and what should be is always a fallacy, as it oversimplifies that which we, as mortals, cannot understand.

Truth

 * Truth is found in yourself, not in others.
 * Do not look to men for Truth. They may be even more confused than you are.

Telling a lie

 * Liars eventually come to believe their own lies
 * Trust can be exploited
 * The behaviour of crowds is strange, and rarely relates to the truth
 * Don't judge the truth by what others believe

The Trial of Nasrudin

 * There are many ways to see even the most simple of things.
 * People rush to judgment in matters of import.
 * Different ways of seeing the same thing are not necessarily incompatible.
 * People are clueless and disorganized. Their judgements means nothing.

Nasreddin and the Sultan's Horse

 * Do not despair of your circumstances. Things are rarely as hopeless as they appear.
 * Beware of offending the powerful, regardless of how much they deserve it.
 * Clever words well-timed may succeed where reason and moral appeals fail.

Nasreddin (or rather, Juha) and the Poem
This story comes from the Arab version of the character, who is known as Juha.

 * Do not fear to speak truth to power
 * Do not prolong the inevitable

Nasreddin tells the truth

 * a fixed set of rules cannot be imposed everywhere, for every scenario.

title: Sufism/Nasrudin


text:
George Marshall (disambiguation)

George C. Marshall (1880–1959) was an American general, Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Secretary of State, President of the American Red Cross, and Secretary of Defense.

George Marshall may also refer to:

 * George Marshall (academic), principal of Trevelyan College, University of Durham
 * George Marshall (athlete) (1877–?), British runner
 * George Marshall (conservationist) (1904–2000), American conservationist and political activist
 * George Marshall (Victoria cricketer) (1829–1868), Australian cricketer who played for Victoria
 * George Marshall (Tasmania cricketer) (1832–1905), Australian cricketer who played for Tasmania
 * George Marshall (New Zealand cricketer) (1863–1907), New Zealand cricketer
 * George Marshall (environmentalist) (born 1964), British environmentalist
 * George Marshall (footballer, born 1869) (1869–1938), English footballer
 * George Marshall (footballer, born 1896) (1896–?), English footballer
 * George Marshall (gunner) (1781–1855), chemist, artillery specialist, and gunner in the United States Navy
 * George Marshall (MP), Member of Parliament (MP) for Boroughbridge 1614-1621
 * George Alexander Marshall (1851–1899), U.S. Representative from Ohio
 * George Marshall (director) (1891–1975), actor and director
 * George Marshall (philanthropist) (1753–1819), curate in Horsham, England
 * George Frederick Leycester Marshall (1843–1934), military officer and naturalist
 * George H. Marshall (1916–1984), British educator, campaigner and author
 * George Preston Marshall (1896–1969), American football team owner
 * George Sidney Marshall (1869–1956), 38th mayor of Columbus, Ohio
 * George William Marshall (1839–1905), English officer of arms
 * George Marshall (warden) (died 1658), English educational administrator
 * George Marshall (Jamaica), elected to the House of Assembly of Jamaica in 1820
 * G. M. Marshall (1834–1915), Wisconsin State Assemblyman
 * George C. Marshall High School (built: 1963), public high school in northern Virginia
 * George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies (founded 1993), an institute for the study of military security
 * USS George C. Marshall, a Benjamin Franklin-class ballistic missile submarine

title: George Marshall (disambiguation)


text:
History of Scotland

Welcome to History of Scotland. This course is being designed to introduce the general reader to Scottish history. As with all Wikiversity Courses, this is a continual joint collaboration among numerous sources, so please check back at regular intervals. Also, please feel free to use the discussion tab at the top of the page for any questions, comments, concerns, or ideas concerning this course.

Introduction
This course will involve a series of activities involving reading various articles from Wikipedia and other sources. You may find it useful to take notes as you go, in order to consolidate your learning. You might also try writing short essays on topics that interest you.

Activity 1
Follow the link to the Wikipedia page on History of Scotland. Read the introductory section, and the sections on Prehistoric Scotland, and the Roman Invasion. You can follow up on any links you are interested in. You may also be interested in Skara Brae, Maes Howe, and broch.

Activity 2
The section on the Roman Invasion refers to the Picts, Dal Riata, and the history of Christianity in Scotland. Follow the links to find out more about these topics.

Activity 3
Now read the section in History of Scotland entitled the Rise of the Kingdom of Alba. You can also read further about Kenneth MacAlpin/Cináed mac Ailpín and David I here.

Activity 4
Read the section The Wars of Independence in History of Scotland. Then read Scottish Wars of Independence, John Balliol, William Wallace, Robert the Bruce, and Edward I of England.

Activity 5
Read the section The Stewarts in History of Scotland. Then read House of Stewart. You should also read Robert II of Scotland and James I of England, and might choose to follow other links on the Stewarts in History of Scotland.

Activity 6
Once again you should go to History of Scotland, this time reading the section on Protestant Reformation. Then read the main article at Scottish Reformation.

Activity 7
Return again to History of Scotland, and read the section on the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and the Puritan Commonwealth. Read the articles at Wars of the Three Kingdoms and Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. You may also be interested in Oliver Cromwell, the Covenanters, and Charles II of England.

Activity 8
Please read the section on The Deposition of James VII on History of Scotland. Other articles to read could include James VII of Scotland, William III of England, the Glorious Revolution, and Jacobitism.

Activity 9
Turning to History of Scotland again, please now read the section on Scottish overseas colonies. You could also follow the link to the Darien scheme.

Activity 10
Returning again to History of Scotland, please read the first section on the 18th century. Please also follow the links to Glasgow and Edinburgh. We will read more about the Jacobites below. Read the subsection on the Union, and follow the link to the Treaty of Union.

Activity 11
Now read the subsection on the Jacobites at History of Scotland, and follow the links to James Francis Edward Stuart, Jacobite, and the Act of Union 1707, You may also choose to look at Battle of Preston, Battle of Prestonpans, and Battle of Culloden.

Activity 12
Returning to History of Scotland, please read the subsection on Scotland's New role in the British Empire. You could also read Lord Islay.

Activity 13
Now read the section in History of Scotland on the end of the clan system. You can also read about Scottish Gaelic, the Scottish Agricultural Revolution, and the Scottish Lowlands.

Activity 14
You can now read the section in History of Scotland on the Scottish Enlightenment, and the main article at Scottish Enlightenment. Other links to follow are Francis Hutcheson, Adam Smith, David Hume, Dugald Stewart, James Hutton, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, and University of Glasgow.

Activity 15
Returning again to History of Scotland in Wikipedia, you should now read the section on Local Affairs. You might also wish to read about the Parish church and the Church of Scotland.

Activity 16
Please now read the section on Schooling in History of Scotland, and follow the links to the Protestant Reformation and the Industrial Revolution.

Activity 17
We now turn to the 19th century: please read the section in History of Scotland, and follow the links to the Duke of Argyll, Duke of Atholl, Duke of Buccleuch, Duke of Sutherland, Scottish Canadian, and Scottish American.

Activity 18
Now read the section in History of Scotland on 19th century Culture. You can also follow the links to Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott, Visit of King George IV to Scotland, tartan, kilts, and George MacDonald.

Activity 19
Turning again to History of Scotland, please read the section on 19th century Education, and follow the link to the University of Glasgow.

Activity 20
In History of Scotland, the next section is on Religion: The Disruption of 1843. Read this section, and follow the links to Disruption of 1843, Church of Scotland,Thomas Chalmers, Free Church of Scotland, and United Presbyterian Church of Scotland. You might also want to read about the Conservative Party (UK) and the Liberal Party (UK).

Activity 21
Please now read the section on Industrial Revolution in History of Scotland, and follow the links to Industrial Revolution, Andrew Carnegie and the River Clyde. Please also read the sections on Coal and the Railways.

Activity 22
The next sections in History of Scotland concern rural life and the highlands. Please read these sections and follow the links to the Corn Laws, the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge,the Battle of Culloden, the Highland Land League,and the Crofters' Holdings (Scotland) Act 1886.

Activity 23
Now read the sections in History of Scotland on population growth and national politics. You can also follow the links on the Whigs, Lord Aberdeen, William E Gladstone, Lord Salisbury, the Duke of Richmond, the Earl of Rosebery, Irish Home Rule, Liberal Unionist Party, Keir Hardie, the Mid Lanarkshire by-election, 1888, Scottish Labour Party and Independent Labour Party.

Activity 24
The next section in History of Scotland is on industrial expansion. Read the section, and if you wish, follow the links to New Lanark, the American Civil War, Aberdeen Angus, Clydeside, and Scotts Shipbuilding Company.

Activity 25
Please now read the section in History of Scotland on intellectual life and the Scottish Enlightenment. You can also follow the links to James Clerk Maxwell, Lord Kelvin, James Watt, William Murdoch, Robert Louis Stevenson, Arthur Conan Doyle, Kailyard fiction, J.M.Barrie, and George MacDonald. Moving from literature to art and architecture, there are links to follow for Glasgow School, Celtic Revival, Arts and Crafts Movement, Japonisme, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Margaret MacDonald, Frances MacDonald, and Herbert MacNair.

Activity 26
The following section in History of Scotland deals with the Highlands. Read the section, and follow the links to Highlands of Scotland, Napoleonic Wars, Romanticism, Visit of King George IV to Scotland, Queen Victoria, Balmoral Castle, French Revolutionary Wars, Irish Potato Famine, Christian revival, Skye, and Crofting Commission. You will probably have read many other links earlier, eg Duke of Argyll, Duke of Atholl, Duke of Buccleuch, Duke of Sutherland, Corn Laws, Highland Land League, Crofters' Holdings (Scotland) Act 1886, Liberal Party(UK). Feel free to refresh your memory by visiting these links again.

Activity 27
The next section in History of Scotland covers the topic of migration. Please read the section, and follow the links to John Witherspoon, John Paul Jones, Andrew Carnegie, Alexander Graham Bell, James Murray, John A MacDonald, Tommy Douglas, Lachlan Macquarie, Thomas Brisbane, Andrew Fisher, Peter Fraser, James Mckenzie, Scotch Canadians, and Scottish Americans.

Activity 28
Turning again to History of Scotland, we find the next section is on religious schism and revival. You may already have read the links on History of Christianity in Scotland, but you can read them again if you wish to refresh your knowledge. [[wikipedia:, [[wikipedia:,

Wikibook resources

 * Scottish Gaelic

Wikiquote resources

 * Scotland

Wikimedia commons resources

 * Scotland

Other resources

 * BBC - Scotland's History
 * BBC - Scottish History
 * Learning and Teaching Scotland - Scotland's History
 * Heritage of Scotland - History of Scotland

Scottish history in popular culture
For more vivid representations of Scottish history, I recommend the historical novels of Nigel Tranter and the films Braveheart and Mrs Brown.

Administration
See /Admin subpage/

title: History of Scotland