text:
Cookbook:Orange

An orange is a common citrus fruit. Oranges need not be orange in color; depending on climate and variety, an orange may have green patches when ripe. Some will even experience regreening, which is when an orange-colored orange loses its orange. To deal with this aesthetic problem, oranges are often dyed. Rough brownish patches are indications of abrasion against the tree, which does not affect taste.

The orange has a sweet-tart taste and is commonly peeled and eaten fresh, or squeezed for its juice. It has a thick, bitter rind that is usually discarded, but can be used in cooking. The outermost layer of the rind can be scraped off to make zest, having a similar flavor to the flesh. This is the part which contains orange oil. The white part of the rind is almost always discarded as it is extremely bitter, but it does contain lots of pectin. Orange peel can be made into candied peel and used in sweet dishes.

Varieties
A number of varieties of orange are now cultivated widely. The sweet orange (Citrus aurantium) was first grown in Spain, and has become the most popular variety. The sweet orange will grow to different sizes and colors due to local conditions, most commonly with ten carpels (slices) inside.

A single mutation in an orchard of sweet oranges planted at a monastery in 1820 in Brazil led to the navel orange (aka Washington, Riverside or Bahia navel). A single cutting of the original was then transplanted to California in 1870, creating a new market worldwide. The mutation caused a diploid, or twin, fruit, with a smaller orange embedded in the outer fruit near the stem. From the outside the smaller, undeveloped, twin leaves a human navel-like formation at the top of the fruit. Navel oranges are almost always seedless, and tend to be larger than the sweet orange.

The Valencia or Murcia orange is one of the sweet oranges used for juice extraction. It is a late-season fruit. It is a popular variety when navel oranges are out of season.

The blood orange (sometimes called "ruby orange" by the squeamish) has streaks of red in the fruit, and when squeezed the juice is often reddish. The mandarin is similar, but smaller and sweeter, and also the scarlet navel is a variety with the same diploid mutation as the normal naval orange.

Bitter oranges are used in marmalade and as an ingredient in the liqueurs Triple sec and Curacao.

Oranges in Cooking
Orange juice is produced by juicing oranges. Brazil is the world's largest producer of orange juice, followed by Florida. Orange juice is available in fresh-squeezed or 'reconstituted' forms, and in refrigerated or pasteurised long-life bottles. The heat-treated juice is made from whole crushed oranges, including the peel, giving it a much more bitter taste than fresh-squeezed.

In the USA, orange juice is sometimes also sold in the form of frozen concentrate blocks, so a recipe may say 'one box or block frozen orange juice'. These are not available in Australia and some other countries.

Oranges are not often used in savoury cooking, but they are an important flavouring ingredient of several recipes, including orange chicken, and the French dish duck a l'orange. Orange zest, candied peel and orange juice are frequently used in making cakes and sweets.

Orange blossom water is sometimes used as an alternative to rosewater in Middle Eastern cookery, especially in sweet pastries and jams.

Orange blossom honey (really "citrus honey") is produced by putting beehives in citrus groves during bloom, which also pollinates seeded citrus varieties. Orange blossom honey is highly prized, and has a distinct "orangey" flavor.

Orange Recipes

 * Tarbes Salad
 * Carrot and Raisin Salad
 * Madeira Honey Cake (juice and zest)
 * Mincemeat Tart (candied peel)
 * Jamaican Jerk Chicken (juice)
 * Chocolate Chip Cookies (zest)

title: Cookbook:Orange


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Willy on Wheels (2nd nomination)

The result of the debate was delete. Speedy deleted per WP:CSD. Also, please keep in mind DFTT. --MarkSweep (call me collect) 03:58, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Willy on Wheels
Is it at all useful for Wikipedia to have an article on this vandal. I don't think so. I doubt that it is. Booking563 03:48, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Delete per nom. <IP_ADDRESS> 03:50, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete - Someone removed my speedy tag. Article already exsists at Long term abuse/Willy on Wheels, and there is no reason to redirect to glorify him more. -- light  darkness (talk) 03:51, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Dismas|(talk) 03:52, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, wish there was a CSD criterion -- Samir  [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|25px]]   (the scope)  03:53, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment. There is.  db-bio and db-repost.  -- Rory 0 96 03:56, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep. See no particular need to delete this article. CarDepot 03:55, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as non-notable bio (WoW is not notable in the real world) and repost of deleted content. -- Rory 0 96 03:56, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Darangelys Yantín

Darangelys Yantín (born 8 July 1985) is a Puerto Rican volleyball player. She was part of the Puerto Rico national team at the 2010 FIVB World Championship in Japan. She won the 2010 Puerto Rican League season championship with Pinkin de Corozal.

Career
Yantín played for Conquistadoras de Guaynabo and was transferred to Vaqueras de Bayamon for the 2005 Puerto Rican league season, and partnered with Saity Cruz in the beach volleyball national circuit. She played for Pinkin de Corozal starting the 2010 season, helping them to reach the league championship.

Yantín was called to join the Puerto Rico national team, winning the 2010 Unique Cup bronze medal in Peru as a warm up for the 2010 FIVB World Championship in November in Japan, where her national team ranked tied in the 17th place, after winning only one match 3-0 to Kenya, ending with a 1-4 mark.

She repeated with Corozal for the 2011, and the 2012 season, and later played beach volleyball with Bea Rivera. Yantin played beach volleyball with her sister Yamileska, winning the bronze medal in the second leg of the 2013 national circuit. She moved to Orientales de Humacao for the 2013 season She had monetary differences with Orientales and they released her, being signed by Valencianas de Juncos for the 2014 season, and for Gigantes de Carolina for the 2015 season.

Personal life
She is the sister of Jordan, a former volleyball player and coach, volleyball and beach volleyball player Yamileska and his father is a former basketball player, Pedron Yantín. She suffered a car accident where her boyfriend Andrés Ortiz Colón died. The 2016 Puerto Rican league season and the All-Star game were dedicated to her, in order to help her cover the expenses of the three years of therapy she needed and the surgery to repair her Brachial plexus injury.

Clubs

 * Conquistadoras de Guaynabo (2004)
 * Vaqueras de Bayamón (2005-2009)
 * Pinkin de Corozal (2010-2012)
 * Orientales de Humacao (2013)
 * Valencianas de Juncos (2014)
 * Gigantes de Carolina (2015)

Clubs

 * 2010 Puerto Rican League – Simple cup icon.svg Champion, with Pinkin de Corozal

title: Darangelys Yantín


text:
Marc-Antoine Lemire

Marc-Antoine Lemire (born 1990) is a Canadian film director. He is most noted for his 2017 short film Pre-Drink, which won the Toronto International Film Festival Award for Best Canadian Short Film at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival, and the Prix Iris for best Fiction Short Film at the 20th Quebec Cinema Awards.

A graduate of the film studies program at the Université du Québec à Montréal, he won the Prix du meilleur espoir en cinéma documentaire in 2013 for his documentary film Ces trottoirs où nous marchons. He made the short films Plaisirs de table (2012) and Joséphine, ou Chat échaudé craint l'eau froide (2013) before breaking through to wider attention with his 2015 short film Inner Jellyfishes (Les Méduses), which screened at film festivals across Canada and internationally.

In 2022, he released Mistral Spatial, his full-length directorial debut.

He has also worked in the art department for other films as an art director and propmaster.

title: Marc-Antoine Lemire


text:
Samantha Reid (synchronised swimmer)

Samantha Reid (born 28 October 1988) is an Australian synchronised swimmer. She participated in the 2008 Olympics and the 2012 Summer Olympics, representing Australia.

Personal
Reid was born on 28 October 1988 in Sunnybank, Queensland. She attended Kimberley Park State School and then went to high school at Rivermount College. In high school, she played field hockey and volleyball. , she lives in Banff, AB.

Reid is 160 cm tall and weighs 50 kg.

Synchronised swimming
Reid is a synchronised swimmer. She became involved in the sport when she was eight years old because her sister was doing it. She has been coached by Anna Nepotcheva since 2005 and Marina Kholod since 2006. In 2008, she was a member of the Aqualina Synchronised Swimming Club, and a member of the Gold Coast Mermaids in 2012.

Reid competed in the Montreal hosted 2002 World Junior Synchro Championships in 2002. She represented Australia at the 2003 Oceania Synchronised Swimming Championships. At the 2006 Oceania Championships, she came in first. In 2007, she competed at the FINA world championships in the team event. The ten person team was the first Australian one to make it in the finals for the synchronised swimming free combination routine.

Reid competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Her team came in seventh, scoring 40,417 in the technical routine, 41,750 in the free routine, 41,333 in technical merit, and 42,167 in artistic impression.

In January 2009, Reid participated in the national team trials in order to earn a spot to compete in the 2010 Commonwealth Games. She finished 4th in the Team event and 12th in the Duet event at the 2010 Swiss Open in Arbon, Switzerland. She finished 6th in the Team event at the 2011 French Open in Paris, France. She finished 9th in the Team event at the 2011 German Open in Bonn, Germany. She finished 17th in the Team event at the 2011 FINA World Championships in Shanghai, China. She finished 18th in the Technical Team event at the 2011 FINA World Championships in Shanghai, China.

Reid was selected to represent Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in synchronised swimming. The FINA World Championships held in Shanghai, China served as the 2012 Olympic qualifying event for the team. In the technical team portion, her team finished 18th and in the Free Team event, her team finished 17th and secured a spot at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

title: Samantha Reid (synchronised swimmer)


text:
User:QuiteCurious/sandbox

Biography
Will add: author of suspense fiction   -adding wikilinks to genres My Changes: Iris Johansen left her job as an airline reservations agent in the early 1980s to begin writing romance novels. She then decided to turn to historical romantic suspense in the early 1990s starting with her novel The Wind Dancer, before she found herself settling in the genre of crime fiction with her first thriller Ugly Duckling published in 1996. She has written in multiple genres to which some have landed her on the New York Times bestseller’s list.

Awards

 * 1996 Romantic Times Historical Romance Winner
 * 1999 Romantic Times Suspense Winner
 * 2016 Romantic Times Career Achievement — Thriller Winner

Contemporary Romance Novels
I will add the following novels as they do not exist on current article
 * Stormy Vows (1983)
 * Tempest At Sea (1983)
 * Reluctant Lark (1983)
 * The Bronzed Hawk (1983)
 * The Lady and the Unicorn (1984)
 * Return to Santa Flores (1984)
 * No Red Roses (1984)
 * A Summer Smile (1985)
 * Across the River of Yesterday (1987)
 * Starlight, Starbright (1988)
 * Magnificent Folly (1989)
 * Wicked Jake Darcy (1989)
 * One Touch of Topaz (1990)
 * Star-Spangled Bride (1993): Corrected the title, added hyphen

The Delaneys
Will add
 * This Fierce Splendor (1988) "changing publication date, article says 1989 but is incorrect"
 * The Delaney Christmas Carol (Christmas Past) (1992) w/ Kay Hooper

The Wind Dancer Trilogy
Will add
 * Reap the Wind (1997) -publication date is 1991, not 1997
 * Final Target (2001) -taking the quotes out, add italics

Featuring Eve Duncan
will add
 * Dead Aim (2002) - changing publication date to 2003

Stand Alone Novels
will add
 * Storm Cycle (2009) (w/ Roy Johansen) -need to change location to STAND ALONE -why is this by itself?

Featuring Kendra Michaels
Will add
 * With Open Eyes (2012) [E-book] (take out E-book) - this is a novel
 * Sight Unseen (2017) -Publication year is 2014

Sedikhan Series
(will replace "contemporary romance novels" add the following for the series)

List of series
 * The Golden Barbarian (1992)
 * The Golden Valkyrie (1984)
 * The Trustworthy Redhead (Louis Benoit) (1984)
 * Capture the Rainbow (1984)
 * Touch the Horizon (1984)
 * A Summer Smile (1985)
 * And the Desert Blooms (1986)
 * Always (1986)
 * Everlasting (1986)
 * Til the End of Time (1987)
 * Last Bridge Home (1987)
 * Across the River of Yesterday (1987)
 * Starlight, Starbright (1988)
 * Man From Half Moon Bay (1988)
 * Blue Skies and Shining Promises (1988)
 * Magnificent Folly (1989)
 * Notorious (1990)
 * A Tough Man to Tame (1991)

Delaney Series
List of series
 * This Fierce Splendor (1989)
 * Wild Silver (1988)
 * Satin Ice (1988)
 * The Delaney Christmas Carol (Christmas Past) (1992) w/ Kay Hooper

The Delaneys of Killaroo Series
List of series
 * Matilda, the Adventuress (1987)

The Shamrock Trinity Series
List of series (will correct/replace "The Delaneys")
 * York, The Renegade (1986)

Lion's Bride Series
List of series (Will break apart/replace "historical Romance)
 * Lion's Bride (1996)
 * The Treasure (2008)

Film Adaptation
In 2011, the second novel in Johansen's Eve Duncan series was made in to a Lifetime film adaptation, The Killing Game (2011 film), starring Laura Prepon as forensic sculptor Eve Duncan. This film adaptation was directed by Bobby Roth.

title: User:QuiteCurious/sandbox


text:
Heart of Sky, Heart of Earth

Heart of Sky, Heart of Earth is a feature-length documentary film on the indigenous Maya in Mexico and Guatemala and their opposition to gold mining in their nation.

Synopsis
The film portrays six indigenous Maya in Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico, showing their daily and ceremonial lives.

In the film, the young indigenous fight against the Marlin Mine in Guatemala. They oppose the environmental cost of gold exploration and demand social and environmental justice.

According to their traditions, the Maya believe that they are guardians of the earth. Their cosmovision, in which all life is sacred and interconnected, is portrayed as a compelling alternative to the exploitation and destruction of the planet.

Release and reception
Heart of Sky, Heart of Earth had its international premiere at the International Documentary Festival Amsterdam (Masters Section) after its German premiere at DokLeipzig, The film was screened at over a hundred international film festivals and was awarded first prize at Planet in Focus, Toronto, the Audience Award at the German Nature Film Prize and all three top awards in Montreal's First Peoples Festival.

The film won awards or opened every human rights festival in both Central and South America. The film had a theatrical release in Germany and Japan and was the opening film of the 2012 Human Rights Film Festival at the National Theater of Guatemala. The film is the first part of the 'Heart of Sky, Heart of Earth - Trilogy'. The second part, the feature-length documentary "AWARE - Glimpses of Consciousness" premiered at Hof International Film Festival 2020.

Critical response
Thomas Assheuer wrote in Die Zeit: "'It is quite possible our great corporations will succeed in finishing Nature off and plant genetically modified corn over its burnt out remains. It is quite possible they will intimidate and expel the Indigenous from their lands. On the other hand, resistance is growing... If one is searching for impressive evidence of this tenacious determination, Heart of Sky, Heart of Earth is it.'"Peter von Becker writes in the Tagesspiegel: A great, quiet, disturbing film". Peter Gutting in Kino-Zeit wrote: "This different relationship to nature is better described with pictures than with words. Heart of Sky, Heart of Earth does exactly this, with clouds that glow from within, rivers with power one can sense, or mountains, which exude an inner peace. The camerawork creates settings that inspire fascination in a hitherto unknown world.."

Festivals

 * International Documentary Festival Amsterdam (IDFA) Masters Section
 * DokLeipzig
 * Margaret Mead Film Festival
 * Vancouver International Film Festival
 * Mill Valley International Film Festival
 * Havana International Film Festival
 * Thessaloniki International Documentary Festival

Awards

 * Planet in Focus, Toronto, First Prize (Best International Feature)
 * German Nature Film Prize, Audience Award
 * First Prize (Premio Pukañawi) International Human Rights Film Festival Bolivia
 * Special Jury Mention, DocsDF, Mexico City
 * Special Jury Mention, International Film Festival and Forum on Human Rights in Geneva
 * Special Jury Mention, Human Rights Film Festival Buenos Aires
 * Best Documentary, Best Cinematography and 2nd Teueikan Prize at the First Peoples Festival Montreal in co-presentation with RIDM
 * Silver Chris Award, Columbus International Film Festival
 * Best Director, Baikal Film Festival People and Environment

title: Heart of Sky, Heart of Earth


text:
Beech Grove, Dyer County, Tennessee

Beech Grove is an unincorporated community in Dyer County, Tennessee, in the United States.

History
The community was named from the presence of beech trees near the town site.

title: Beech Grove, Dyer County, Tennessee


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Veena Kumaravel

The result was keep. Ritchie333 (talk) (cont)  21:15, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

Veena Kumaravel

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Straightaway PR/Advertising WP:PROMO. Fails WP:GNG, WP:BIO and WP:SIGCOV. Hence, calling for an AfD discussion. - Hatchens (talk) 07:56, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Businesspeople-related deletion discussions. Hatchens (talk) 07:56, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. Hatchens (talk) 07:56, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Strongly tending towards Keep: Oh dear, I'm not defending the current state of the article, which is pure promotion. However, I've managed to find some reliable sources about this person, chief among them being this 2017 Penguin book Millionaire Housewives: From Homemakers to Wealth Creators, which presents 12 case studies on Indian female entrepreneurs. She is one of them. The profile is on page 41 which says "Her true contribution to women's entrepreneurship, however, lies in creating an over 250-crore business empire from scratch....She started off with a single salon and has now over 550 salons spread across the country." Then, here's a feature on her in The Hindu (looks independent and given Hindu's reputation), this Business Standard story is based on the Penguin book. A Deccan Chronicle story here that talks about her journey and a story in the Entrepreneur magazine. Another in-depth feature in Outlook Business. Given the reliable sources (unless I have grossly misidentified something) and her inclusion in a book covering entrepreneurship by a reputed publisher, the subject looks notable to me. Also, given the gender inequality on Wikipedia (more so for South Asian topics), such an article should be encouraged, as it seems to me she has created something of note from absolute zero. But. But. But. Definitely not in the way it looks now -- needs to be drastically pared down to its bones using the highest quality sources, which are available. I would start with the Penguin book, if I were the editor of the page! (I would have done it myself, but don't have the inclination or the will.) Regards, MaysinFourty (talk) 08:37, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * , The sources, though reliable and significant, are not independent of the subject when they are interviews. While they can be used as references, they cannot establish the subject's notability per WP:GNG. This seems to be the case in Hindu and DC at least. Ab207 (talk) 19:49, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Women-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 11:29, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Keep per . Not sure what is referring to wrt to interviews (I see nothing in GNG about interviews), but clearly there's a lot of in-depth coverage discussing her story of business - I glanced at a few of them.  II  | (t - c) 12:14, 18 August 2020 (UTC)


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User:LaRene

Phalaenopsis amabilis (plural Phalaenopsis amabilises)

Phalaenopsis amabilis; an orchid, also known as "Moon Orchid". The Moon orchid is native to Indonesia. Best suitable temperature for growth, 40 to 85 degrees F.

title: User:LaRene


text:
Category:Wikipedian judoka

This user category contains links to the user pages of Wikipedians who practice judo.
 * For Wikipedians interested in judo, see Category:Wikipedians interested in judo.

To add your user page to this user category, place one of the following pieces of Wikitext on your user page.

title: Category:Wikipedian judoka


text:
Talk:Russian/Alphabet

Untitled
The handwritten letters should also be shown...

This works in Firefox, but not in Konqueror: тест водка

This doesn't work in Firefox or Konqueror: тест водка

This was one of the notes:

The letter Ё/ё is "optional": it is formally correct to consistently use E/e to represent both /je/ and /jo/.
 * Please don't. The pronounciation of the letter "ё" is *always* different, and ommission of the dots to me is a sign of inaccuracy/laziness.  Soviet bureaucrats often replaced "ё" with "е", thus making the language bleak.  See also http://www.gramota.ru/mag_new.html?id=127 --Ilgiz 01:53, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Still, ё can be and is represented by е, both by 'Soviet bearocrats' and in most public writings. Though I personally always render it as ё, it is better to include this information than to exclude it for personal reasons. (Sevens years too late? Ah, well...) DD 8630 (discuss • contribs) 07:58, 27 June 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Russian/Alphabet


text:
San Uk Ling

San Uk Ling is a village in Man Kam To, North District, Hong Kong.

Administration
San Uk Ling is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy. It is one of the villages represented within the Ta Kwu Ling District Rural Committee. For electoral purposes, San Uk Ling is part of the Sha Ta constituency, which is currently represented by Ko Wai-kei.

title: San Uk Ling


text:
Talk:Willy Chirino

Untitled
Willy Chirino did win the Grammy for best Salsa/Merenge Album 2006. Please update your records.

Alma Gonzalez

the structure spoils the article. Start with somme introduction, and then tell us about his peaceful town. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:55, 25 May 2009 (UTC)

Article has been wikified but still needs some work.Lyricmac (talk) 21:35, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Willy Chirino


text:
Investing

Investing involves using your money (or borrowed money that you control) to earn more money.

Before proceeding, make sure that you understand the concepts of Personal Finance. Topics covered here are:

 * /Stock market/
 * /Mutual funds/
 * /Bonds/
 * /Real estate/
 * /Rental properties/
 * /Starting a business/
 * /Insurances/
 * /Retirement plans/
 * /Estate planning/
 * /Sustainable/Environmental/
 * /Tax advantaged investing/
 * /Technical Analysis on trading and investing/

Many excellent resources available on the web:
 * American Association of Individual Investors is a comprehensive on-line guide to investing, developed to assist individuals in becoming effective managers of their own assets. Find how-to articles and interactive tools to expand your investing knowledge and apply it.
 * Google Finance
 * Yahoo! Finance Resources on stocks, mutual funds, other investments
 * The Motley Fool Advice and philosophy on investing
 * Morningstar Ratings on stocks and mutual funds
 * New York Times Create a virtual portfolio that the Times will track for you
 * Wikinvest.com no longer a wiki - based investment site, it is now SigFig owned by BlackRock Investments. BlackRock is the world's largest investment management firm.
 * National Association of Investors Corporation Investment Clubs organization committed to teaching individuals how to become successful strategic long-term investors.

title: Investing


text:
Harimabad

Harimabad (, also Romanized as Ḩarīmābād) is a village in Zeberkhan Rural District, Zeberkhan District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 284, in 82 families.

title: Harimabad


text:
Talk:Dave Loggins

Reference for later use
Here's an article for later use by myself (or someone else) to expand this article: How The Birthplace Of Country Music Lost Out To Nashville. The section about Loggins is toward the end -- Foetusized (talk) 14:03, 3 December 2008 (UTC)

Related?
Is he related to Kenny at all? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:53, 14 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dave Loggins


text:
atentat

Noun

 * 1) attack

Etymology
Either or.

Noun

 * 1)  attenant, political assassination

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) attempt

Noun

 * 1) assassination

title: atentat


text:
Qaruneh

Qorouneh (, also Romanized as Qarūneh) is a village in Binalud Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 234, in 51 families.

title: Qaruneh


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Santorum (neologism)

The result was Keep. There is substantial support among established commenters that this word has now reached encyclopedic notability. The name "Santorum" will be redirected to the Senator, as I think consensus and common sense demand. There is widespread support for Santorum (neologism) as a renaming, but neologisms don't belong in Wikipedia: the result of this debate thus compels a different title. Santorum (sexual slang) is adopted as the most popular option consistent with WP:NOT. The question of how, exactly, to disambig. (a delicate matter, considering the Senator is deserving of personal respect, per BLP), I will leave to talk page discussion. Xoloz 15:28, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

Santorum
The neologism referred to, created by Savage Love, does not have any evidence of real currency as a neologism. It should be treated as a political act by Savage Love, and described under that article. Giving it a separate article implies that it is a generally accepted neologism. Mike Christie 03:40, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Note there have been prior AfD's; see Revision as of 03:21, 23 Oct 2003 (immediately prior to first deletion) and Revision as of 00:04, 28 Nov 2003 (immediately prior to second deletion). The current talk page also has a lot of relevant discussion; this is apparently because the talk page was not moved when the current article was created after moving the prior Santorum page (though I can't swear that's the sequence of events). —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Mike Christie (talk • contribs) 13:07, 11 August 2006  (UTC)
 * Change to Keep and rename, per various notes below. I agree it's notable; my complaint is really about the listing as a neologism when I don't see any usage evidence, only notability evidence.  I also agree it probably deserves its own article now, rather than just a section in Savage Love.  Per Kaustuv Chaudhuri, I think Santorum should go to the senator, and I also agree that the article should discuss the impact or political action; the coinage and its meaning should be given but not treated as being in current usage.  (With reference to a couple of suppositions below, my objections to this are all about currency, not politics.)  I'm also not sure what to call the article -- I suppose "Santorum (neologism)" is the best idea, though I'd really like to see something that doesn't imply the usage is widespread.  Barring a better wording I'm happy with "Santorum (neologism)". Mike Christie 00:52, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Santorum (sexual slang) might be a more fitting home for it--do some Google sweeping for it, you'll see it's already creeping up all over the place as a reference. rootology (T) 00:55, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

 * There is absolutely no reason to delete this. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Santorummm (talk • contribs) 03:38, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Fails notability for neologisms. Baseball,Baby!   balls  •  strikes  03:55, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment: while I would not be averse to a redirect to Savage Love, it should be noted that Santorum meets WP:NEO, "To support the use of (or an article about) a particular term we must cite reliable secondary sources such as books and papers about the term — not books and papers that use the term." The American Dialect Society selected it as most outrageous word in 2004.. Recommend a redirect of Santorum to Rick Santorum with a dablink from Santorum (disambiguation) to Santorum (neologism) or Santorum (terminology), i.e., this article. Note also that the AfD banner has been repeatedly removed out of process. I have reinserted it, but it may disappear again. No vote. — Kaustuv Chaudhuri 04:03, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Note: Prior to the creation of the current article, Santorum was a disambiguation page (now at Santorum (disambiguation). User:Santorummm appears convinced that the slang term is far and away the primary usage of the word, but I strongly feel that Santorum should be a disambiguation page, as it was before.  Powers 12:24, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Whatever the case, Santorum should not be the disambiguation page, but should be redirected to Rick Santorum. There is no way in hell the neologism is more notable than the senator. Also recommend that the def in Santorum (disambiguation) be severely toned down. In its present form it's an attack. I also recommend that the Santorum (neologism) article (that should not have been prematurely created and redirected to Santorum as that's the wrong direction) should describe the impact of this coinage, rather than the coinage itself. — Kaustuv Chaudhuri 18:48, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep as Santorum (neologism) per Kaustuv Chaudhuri Msalt 06:14, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep per Kaustuv Chaudhuri. The American Dialect Society gives it currency.Agne 09:16, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment: with regard to the ADS citation, I contacted Jesse Sheidlower, who is a member of the ADS and was at the meeting at which the word was nominated. (Jesse is Editor-at-Large for the Oxford English Dictionary.)  I'd like to introduce his comments into this debate, not as a final authority, but as informative.  If they are relevant but regarded as needing verification I'll see what I can do about making them verifiable.  Anyway, he said that the ADF listing "should not be cited as proof of currency", and went on to say with regard to selection for those categories that "the only criterion is that someone nominates it. Many of the words we select, esp. for categories such as 'most outrageous', are stunt words with no real currency. The nomination or election of a word in one of the ADS words-of-the-year categories has nothing to do with whether the word is truly current."  Finally, I asked him if he personally thought the word had currency, and he said "I don't think it has any real currency".  Personally I think the nomination supports the notability of the political act but does not support the currency of the term. Mike Christie 14:03, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep per above, but move to a proper disambig. --badlydrawnjeff talk 11:08, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete. Adequately covered in Savage Love.  Powers 12:24, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep as Santorum (neologism}. RedRollerskate 14:10, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep, term has become widespread, possible politically-motivated nomination. BoojiBoy 15:16, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep. (italicized comments from the WP:NEO talk page) In my opinion, an article about the political act is verifiable if there are news citations. The word 'santorum' is clearly an integral part of that act, and its usage and meaning within the context of the political action is verifiable from the news sources [so within context it is a verifiable neologism]. However, it would not be OK to go around adding santorum as a technical term within articles on, say, anal sex (although again mentioning it within the context of the political act would be ok). Regarding whether it should be merged, an article for a political act by a notable person is distinct from other articles concerning the person, and I think that Santorum has a life separate from its genesis in Savage Love. The article, however, should focus on the act, and not just on a dicdef or it is inappropriate for WP. At this point it has some historical information, etc. and therefore I think it can stay. -- cmh 15:51, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment. I am neutral on the best name for this article. Although I voted keep I would also support Santorum being a dab page with a link to an appropriate name for the page in question. -- cmh 21:21, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Weak rename to Santorum (neologism). Santorum should lead to the disambiguation page or to the Senator's article.  A couple more good sources wouldn't hurt the article, I think it's on the edge of WP:NEO. Ryanminier 16:34, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep —  As someone who used wikipedia to find out what the heck Santorum meant when I came across it maybe a month or so this page would have been ideal. A google search for santorum fecal yeilds 23,700 results. Certainly notable enough. - Gl e n 18:09, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree. Name should remain. The word has grabbed hold in the culture. It is clear why people want it to go away, but this is nothing more than knee-jerk linguistic stuffiness born from the idea that language stands still. "Santorum" has meaning, is generally used, and should remain at wikipedia. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 18:35, 11 August 2006  (UTC)
 * Keep/rename to the neologism version and add to the disambiguation page. "Santorum" as a name should not go right to the senator either. rootology (T) 00:33, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment: Additional news sources citing the Santorum in question, proving it's notability:, [www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1678249/posts], , , rootology (T) 00:40, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep per above. Also, while I am admittedly a big fan of both Dan Savage and The Stranger, he is its editor in chief, and thus has a pretty big sway over what it publishes.  Using it for a source of the term's prevalance should be taken with a healthy grain of salt.  -- stubblyh ea d | T/c 05:26, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep as Santorum (neologism) or Santorum (sexual slang) or some such. Santorum should redirect to the Senator, who is much more notable than all other uses combined. JamesMLane t c 08:29, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep It's interesting, it's informative, it's accurate. There's no good intellectual justification for deleting it. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Quentinmatsys (talk • contribs).
 * Delete the existing content and restore Santorum's status as a dab page for the following reasons: Dpbsmith (talk) 15:15, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * First, people wishing information on the Senator should not be required to type in his full name in order to escape the full details of a (richly deserved but) very non-neutral attack on the Senator.

 * Second, there is still no evidence of any significant use simply to refer to the frothy mix. I'll believe we need a separate article on the word when I see it in lower-case in my drugstore on the package of a personal-care product (e.g. "Also works on santorum stains!" )

 * Santorum-the-neologism is inseparable from Savage, and its description belongs in Savage Love. It is as others have said, a notable political act, but not yet notable as a real word. It is simply not in the same class as "derrick" or "boycott" or "Web 2.0." The word is used only to provide an opportunity for explaining it (thereby delivering the attack).

 * The well-thought out previous compromise was for Santorum to be a disambiguation page which was carefully calculated to serve a) those seeking information on Rick Santorum—some of whom, strange as it seems, might well be admirers of the Senator and justifiably offended at being directed to the neologism; b) those seeking information on the neologism. The wording of the dab page was carefully chosen so as to make the general nature of the attack clear, without actually subjecting readers explicitly to the attack itself until and unless they followed the link.

 * I don't understand how anyone can fail to see the violation of neutrality involved in using the Santorum article to further Savage's political agenda. Dpbsmith (talk) 15:01, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Delete per nom, and per Dpbsmith, and the definition box right up there in front seems irregular, almost as though it was being advocated as truth.....(cough WP:V cough)Homestarmy 15:15, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep, widespread use (maybe not in context, but more along the lines of "Did you hear what they named after him?"). However, should be moved, and this should be a dab page. -Goldom ‽‽‽ ⁂ 15:18, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep as dismbiguation page. The concept may be inseparable from Savage, but many users will search on it without using his name, just as many users will search on Senator Santorum by last name only. A tactfully-worded disambiguation is the best answer. The Savage-related link could be to a section within the Dan Savage page rather than to a separate article if that's preferred.DanB DanD 19:48, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Note: That's exactly how it was before User:Santorummm got involved. A tactfully-worded disambiguation at Santorum with links to the Senator's article and to Savage Love.  Powers T 23:10, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree 100% that a reader curious about santorum-the-frothy-mix shouldn't need to know that it was coined by Dan Savage or that it appeared in Savage Love. However, we don't know what a user who types in "santorum" as a Go word is looking for. If a user searching for information on the Senator... particularly one of the Senator's supporters... types in "Santorum" as the "go" word, he or she should not be subjected to material which he or she might find offensive... should not, if you like, be subjected to symbolically being soiled with santorum! The obvious solution is for Santorum to be, as before, a disambiguation page which a) makes clear that "santorum" is a sexually explicit neologism, b) makes it easy for the reader who wants to know what it means to find out, and c) also makes it easy for the reader who does not want to know what it means to remain ignorant of its meaning. It's not Wikipedia's job to force awareness of Savage's opinion on anyone. Dpbsmith (talk) 23:18, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

 * That's a separate issue from having an article on the frothy-mix meaning. Your standard (which I agree with) would be met if Santorum were a dab page, referring people to Rick Santorum and to Santorum (neologism) without saying exactly what the neologism meant.  Your standard would also be met if Santorum redirected to Rick Santorum, and the latter had a note at the top along the lines of, "For the use of Rick Santorum's last name as sexual slang, see Santorum (neologism)."  I'd be satisfied with either of those alternatives, but I think the latter is preferable, because most of those typing in "Santorum" will want the Senator's article. JamesMLane t c 15:16, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Both of these are perfectly fine with me. I tend to agree with your judgement that Santorum-redirects-to-Rick Santorum-and-Rick Santorum-dablinks-to-the-neologism almost certainly gives more users what they seek in fewer clicks. It's tricky, though, because someone who types in the full term Rick Santorum probably is not looking for the neologism. On the one hand, it doesn't seem right to have Santorum be a dab page that seemingly gives equal weight to both disambiguations; on the other hand, it seems a little inappropriate to put a frothy mixture of you-know-what right at the top of the Rick Santorum article.
 * There are currently four items listed on Santorum (disambiguation); your second suggestion does not address what to do with the other two items. (In other words, the hatnote should link to the disambiguation page, rather than directly to the slang article.)  Powers T 17:42, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The other terms don't really belong on the dab page, because they are not commonly abbreviated to "Santorum," but I've always thought they added value to the page—someone typing in Santorum might well want an overview of all articles with Santorum-related content. And, quite frankly, I've thought they served a useful purpose in diluting the santorum, so to speak; the dab page is 75% devoted to material about the Senator and only 25% to the notable attack on the Senator. Just my $0.02. Dpbsmith (talk) 18:32, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Comment. Are the users who are editing at Rick Santorum in on this debate? Surely they will have an opinion about the dab setup? This conversation has gotten much wider than just simple deletion of a page and once this AFD has closed there will not be an obvious venue to continue the debate. I will add something to their talk page. -- cmh 19:23, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I notified the Dan Savage folks as well in the spirit of fairness of recruiting people to an AfD. -- cmh 19:28, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Same note added to Savage Love, where this originated, and where the term is also mentioned. rootology (T) 19:33, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep or merge into Rick Santorum Ashi b aka tock 22:45, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment: if you mean merge the article on the sexual slang into Rick Santorum, then this is an invalid vote. Read WP:BLP: "Criticism should be [...] about the subject of the article specifically." The sexual slang is not about the senator specifically. Alternatively, if it isn't a criticism of the senator, then it does not belong in his article. WP:BLP is a much bigger deal than any minor benefit to merging these articles, and might invite accusations of libel. — Kaustuv Chaudhuri 06:57, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep and do not change name. Surely Senator Rick Santorum is not now and will not ever be the only "Santorum," so redirecting Santorum to the article on the good Senator seems unreasonable, and is likely to prevent readers from accessing information on santorum, since anyone entering simply "Santorum" as a search term is unlikely to be looking for the Senator.  There is absolutely no doubt that this term deserves its own article and is notable enough to warrant one.  Exploding Boy 04:43, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
 * You may wish to vote in the straw poll (see below); it seems the consensus is going to be to keep the article, but the question of what should direct where and how the disambigs should link has several answers, which is what the straw poll is trying to ask about. Mike Christie (talk) 10:32, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep and do not change name. A Google search reveals the neologism to be the first result on Google. At this point, lots of people have heard "santorum" in a slang context only, without knowing who the Senator is. Only Pennsylvanians and politically attentive Americans know who Senator Santorum is, but people around the world know "santorum" as sexual slang. — Coelacan | talk 14:03, 15 August 2006 (UTC) UPDATE: In order for this search to work, Google SafeSearch filtering has to be turned off for your computer. This can be done by changing your Google preferences. The above search link has been altered by adding "&safe=off" to include a temporary off-switch for SafeSearch. — Coelacan | talk 23:09, 18 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I think it's relevant that Dan Savage asked his readers to Googlebomb the term, and deliberately move it up to the top of the list. Here's the article where he does so. As a result, I don't think we can deduce anything from which is first on a Google search.  Mike Christie (talk) 10:44, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * That the first result is an effect of Googlebombing is certainly relevant. I disagree that we can't deduce anything from it, however. We can deduce something very simple: more people have linked "Santorum" to the "frothy mix" than to the Senator's home page. That's actually saying quite a lot, considering all the political websites (neutral and pro-) that must be linking to the Senator's page, and all the mainstream media sites that link to the Senator when they cover him, etc. There are so astoundingly many links to the Senator's home page as to have made it the number 2 result out of "about 4,580,000" yet all those links have been outvoted, plain and simple. — Coelacan | talk 23:09, 18 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The ninth Google result is also "the frothy mix," at Urban Dictionary, which was not part of the Googlebombing but certainly reflects currency. — Coelacan | talk 23:15, 18 August 2006 (UTC)
 * KEEP: Defining Santorum thusly, as it is used on the street, is no different than using the term "Comstockery" which is now used in everyday parlance.  In this instance, the name of a conservative prude had taken on negative connotations because of his condemnation of certain acts.  It is no different, and I'm certain the Comstock family has long survived the realities of the polysemous nature of discourse.  And I'm a Santorum supporter. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs).
 * As I mentioned here, we don't have an article on Comstockery either. This is not a term in common use on the street, except as a laugh and snicker.  Or, if you claim it is, perhaps you have some reliable sources?  Powers T 20:00, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I think "comstockery" was a term that had its currency sometime, I dunno, between World War I and II. I don't believe I've ever heard it spoken aloud... but then the last time I think I heard the name Anthony Comstock spoken aloud was in the mid-1960s when I attended a performance? lecture? recitation? by Ogden Nash, when he recited the poem about how "Senator Smoot / Republican, UT / Is planning a ban on smut." Dpbsmith (talk) 09:55, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Rename to Santorum (neologism). Santorum should become disambiguation. -- Jmabel | Talk 07:07, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep The neologism is more popular than the senator and should take precedence. Throw 08:27, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * If by "more popular" you mean "better-liked", you could be right. I think the senator is clearly more notable, though; Google shows 3,520,000 hits for "Rick Santorum" -fecal, and 30,700 for "Rick Santorum" +fecal. Mike Christie (talk) 10:33, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * No, no, not better liked by any means. I mean more popular in the sense that santorum the excrement is more noteworthy than the senator. Since we're using Google, "santorum" the excrement is the first thing listed and the senator is the second. That's what I mean more popular. It has nothing to do with personal feelings. Throw 16:31, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Because Google Web hits are easily manipulated, I'm going to try the same test on Google Groups (i.e. USENET) which theoretically is easily manipulated too, but people rarely bother, and Google Books, which is quite hard to manipulate (but due to the time it takes to write and publish books has a time lag). I don't know yet how these tests will come out. If santorum sensu Savage exceeds the Senator on Usenet, and has at least a respectable showing in Google Books, then I'll agree that the neologism has taken hold. Dpbsmith (talk) 17:27, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, for starters, I can't replicate Coelacan's results. Using the same link he cited, I get Senator Rick Santorum's senate website as the top hit... and Wikipedia's article as the third... and I don't quickly spot Santorum in Savage's sense anywhere in the first fifty or so entries. Dpbsmith (talk) 17:31, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I didn't realize this earlier, but Google SafeSearch filtering has to be turned off for your computer. This can be done by changing your Google preferences, or you can use this link which has been altered by adding "&safe=off" to include a temporary off-switch for SafeSearch. — Coelacan | talk 23:09, 18 August 2006 (UTC)
 * OK, I may not know exactly what to look for, but in Google Groups a search on Santorum appears to be overwhelmingly references to the Senator, not the substance. This is very significant to my way of thinking because many of the references to the Senator are very negative, so this is a venue where you'd expect to see the Savage neologism if, in fact, it were really current. Dpbsmith (talk) 17:43, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * In Google Books, santorum -fecal yields Books 1 - 100 with 5210 page. santorum fecal yields "Your search - santorum fecal - did not match any documents." "dan savage" yields Books 1 - 94 with 94 pages on "dan savage," which is a very respectable number of hits for Books and confirms that Dan Savage is notable, not that I ever doubted it. "dan savage" santorum yields a single hit, and the page in question is a 2003 quote from Savage criticizing Santorum which appeared in the New York Times, but has nothing to do with the neologism.
 * At this point I am utterly unconvinced that the neologism has gotten real currency, and I have no idea what people were talking about when they said Savage's neologism was getting more Google hits than the Senator, unless it was a short-lived successful Google manipulation. Dpbsmith (talk) 17:41, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep as is. In the long view, the word will outlive the Senator. As a second option, Santorum should go to a dab page. SchmuckyTheCat 17:56, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per dpbsmith. No evidence of widespread usage. Christopher Parham (talk) 19:44, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete covered in two other places even though it has no widepsread usage--Tbeatty 07:46, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep in some fashion - Has reached the fuzzy threshold of what I consider a generally accepted neologism. Cyde Weys  15:27, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep It's in wide usage (not sure how anyone is saying its not, just google). rootology (T) 20:05, 17 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The overwhelming majority of Google hits are along the lines of "Hey, here's a neat word Dan Savage made up to make fun of Rick Santorum" rather than usages of the word in its intended context ("Man, I had to clean up a bunch of santorum before I could get to sleep last night"). I'm not sure if the former category really qualifies to indicate something is "in wide usage".  Powers T 22:47, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Straw poll
→ straw poll (moved to Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Santorum as AfD is not the place for it. The straw poll asks about the preferred name for the article about the sexual slang term, and about where the link Santorum should go, and what the contents of the disambig page should be.)


text:
sbirro

Etymology
From ; compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A policeman in Italy, Corsica, etc.
 * 2) A ruffian or henchman.

Etymology
From, the latter from , related to.

Noun

 * 1) cop (policeman)

title: sbirro


text:
A Thing of Magic

A Thing of Magic is a Marathi feature-film written, directed and produced by Nithin Anil.

Plot
Gundu Kaakka is a struggling harmonium player, who aspires to join a local drama troupe. One day, after watching a 3D movie, he presents a pair of 3D glasses to his sisters, Pradnya and Pratheeksha. He tells them that the glasses give only him some magical powers. Though they initially refuse to believe him, an event soon raises the sisters' curiosity. The determined sisters set on a path to find out the truth about the glasses, along which tiny stories of the little village start to unfold.

Production
A Thing of Magic was filmed by a crew of five members with a 60,000 rupees budget, paid by Anil in order to keep the creative control over the movie. The entire film's cast were first-time actors and residents of the village in Maharashtra where the story is set. The production team rented a house, which became an audition camp. They were approached, found, and brought to the set by knocking on doors on the day a particular scene was to be shot. Around a hundred people acted in the film. Most of the villagers had no idea about the process of film-making.

title: A Thing of Magic


text:
User:Hmc442/Evaluate an Article

Article Evaluation

 * Name of article: Pecking order.
 * I chose this article to evaluate because it is an interesting animal behaviour article that is lacking some important sources.

Lead evaluation
The Lead provides a concise definition of pecking order and who first described the behaviour. The Lead also provides a summary of the main sections of the article, giving a description of the function and mechanisms of the pecking order in chickens and how this concept can apply to other species. The information in the talk page has some questioning the article authors definition of pecking order.

Content evaluation
The content is thorough in describing how the hierarchy works and why it is in place.

Tone and balance evaluation
The article seems to be slightly biased towards the reasoning for chickens to behave in this way. They make claims about how the animals choose to react to others of their flock based on regarding their size and acknowledging the larger as dominant. They do not suggest any other reasons for this behaviour even though their claims are not backed up by reliable sources, or any sources at all at times.

Sources and references evaluation
The sources on this article are almost entirely from 1955 to 1988 with one other source from 2010. Both of the links provided are broken. The author could have been more thorough with providing sources, especially for their bold claims about the reasoning for the behaviour of the chickens.

Organization evaluation
The article is organized, clear, and easy to read. Any words or concepts that might be difficult to understand are linked to a description explaining what it is. The article does have two sections for the major topics. There did not seem to be any grammatical mistakes.

Images and media evaluation
The only image provided was of a chicken at the bottom of the hierarchy who has damaged feathers due to pecking from the other chickens (descriptive title).

Talk page evaluation
Another wikipedia member stated, in the talk page, that the reasoning for the pecking order stated by the author is wrong and claims that it is due to one chicken being ill or the weakest, causing the other flock members to peck it and "bully" it. Another user states the author was in fact correct and it is about social hierarchy and not illness.

The article is apart of WikiProject Birds and was rated as "start-class" and "low-importance."

Overall evaluation
The article is quite underdeveloped due to the lacking of reliable and up to date sources. More research would have to be done to improve the article and cite the claims made by the author so that they will be reliable. One strength is that the author seems to have experience with chickens and so they have first-hand insight on their behaviour but describing the behaviour is not enough to make the article reliable. It must be backed up by scientific evidence and controlled experimentation.

The addition of more pictures of chickens displaying the behaviour would be an interesting addition.

title: User:Hmc442/Evaluate an Article


text:
Talk:Ibrahim Rahimtullah

Merger proposal
I propose that Ibrahim Rahimtullah be merged into Ibrahim Rahimtoola. I think that the content in the Ibrahim Rahimtullah article can easily be explained in the context of Ibrahim Rahimtoola, and the Ibrahim Rahimtoola article is of a reasonable size that the merging of Ibrahim Rahimtullah will not cause any problems as far as article size or undue weight is concerned.

title: Talk:Ibrahim Rahimtullah


text:
1998 24 Hours of Daytona

The 1998 Rolex 24 at Daytona was a 24-hour endurance sports car race held on February 1, 1998 at the Daytona International Speedway road course. The race served as the opening round of the 1998 United States Road Racing Championship. It was the first year that the race was sanctioned by the SCCA.

Victory overall and in the Can-Am class went to the No. 30 Doran/Moretti Racing Ferrari 333 SP driven by Giampiero Moretti, Arie Luyendyk, Mauro Baldi, and Didier Theys. Victory in the GT1 class went to the No. 01 Rohr Motorsport Porsche 911 GT1 driven by Allan McNish, Danny Sullivan, Jörg Müller, Uwe Alzen, and Dirk Müller. The GT2 class was won by the No. 97 Konrad Motorsport Porsche 911 GT2 driven by Toni Seiler, Wido Rössler, Peter Kitchak, Angelo Zadra, and Franz Konrad. Finally, the GT3 class was won by the No. 10 Prototype Technology Group, Inc. BMW M3 E36 driven by Bill Auberlen, Marc Duez, Boris Said, and Peter Cunningham.

Race results
Class winners in bold.

title: 1998 24 Hours of Daytona


text:
User:Fina138

I love House of Anubis, Music, Mythology, Romance, Harry Potter, Percy Jackson, Horses, Journey 2, High School Musical 1,2,3, and Acting.

http://www.nickutopia.com/category/house-of-anubis/

title: User:Fina138


text:
Talk:German torpedo boat T19/GA1

GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''

Reviewer: Peacemaker67 (talk · contribs) 01:43, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

Just a few nitpicks: That's all I have, Placing on hold for the above to be addressed. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 02:17, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * the beam doesn't match
 * anything useful to add about the length of time between launching and commissioning?
 * That seems to a consistent problem for all the ships, not just the later one.
 * launch dates don't match
 * link the other torpedo boats?
 * link convoy
 * Thanks for looking this over, PM.--Sturmvogel 66 (talk) 20:46, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * No prob. This article is well-written, verifiable using reliable sources, covers the subject well, is neutral and stable, contains no plagiarism, and is illustrated by an acceptably licensed image with an appropriate caption. Passing. Peacemaker67 (click to talk to me) 01:51, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

Comments by Nigel Ish
On the last paragraph, the citation doesn't specify which Whitley is meant (i.e. the 1991 one or the 2000 one)Nigel Ish (talk) 08:44, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Good catch.--Sturmvogel 66 (talk) 20:46, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * A couple of extra points:
 * 1) German auxiliary cruiser Komet should be linked.
 * 2) When the article says T19 left Denmark on 5 May 1945 for its final evacuation mission, German forces in North West Europe had already surrendered - was this a breach of the surrender terms or had T19 already left (as suggested by the 92 edition of Rohwer, certainly for other vessels taking part in this last mission)?Nigel Ish (talk) 21:54, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Neither Whitley 1991 nor Rohwer 2005 cover T19's activities in April and early May at all. Neither of them say exactly where the ship was when the surrender came into force, while the latter explicitly says that 3 freighters and an auxiliary cruiser that also evacuated refugees with the warships were outside territorial waters when it came into effect. So I rather think that the Germans pushed the limits of the surrender terms, with the Brits turning a semi-blind eye. But since nobody actually explicitly says anything about it...--Sturmvogel 66 (talk) 23:15, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:German torpedo boat T19/GA1


text:
Outstation

An outstation is a subsidiary establishment of some kind at a distance from the main establishment. It may also refer to:

 * Outstation (Aboriginal community), Australia
 * Outstation (aviation), an airport that is not a hub, focus city, nor base of an air carrier
 * Outstation (Australian agriculture), a subsidiary homestead on a large cattle or sheep station, Australia
 * Outstation (bus), bus storage depot, UK
 * Outstation (church), a newly formed congregation managed by the nearest parish priest, mostly in Africa

title: Outstation


text:
Westerhout 40

Westerhout 40 or W40 (also designated Sharpless 64, Sh2-64, or RCW 174) is a star-forming region in the Milky Way located in the constellation Serpens. In this region, interstellar gas forming a diffuse nebula surrounds a cluster of several hundred new-born stars. The distance to W40 is 436 ± 9 pc (1420 ± 30 light years), making it one of the closest sites of formation of high-mass O-type and B-type stars. The ionizing radiation from the massive OB stars has created an H II region, which has an hour-glass morphology.

Dust from the molecular cloud in which W40 formed obscures the nebula, rendering W40 difficult to observe at visible wavelengths of light. Thus, X-ray, infrared, and radio observations have been used to see through the molecular cloud to study the star-formation processes going on within.

W40 appears near to several other star-forming regions in the sky, including an infrared dark cloud designated Serpens South and a young stellar cluster designated the Serpens Main Cluster. Similar distances measured for these three star-forming regions suggests that they are near to each other and part of the same larger-scale collection of clouds known as the Serpens Molecular Cloud.

On the Sky
The W40 star-forming region is projected on the sky in the direction of the Serpens-Aquila Rift, a mass of dark clouds above the Galactic plane in the constellations Aquila, Serpens, and eastern Ophiuchus. The high extinction from interstellar clouds means that the nebula looks unimpressive in visible light, despite being one of the nearest sites of massive star formation.

Star Formation in W40
Like all star-forming regions, W40 is made up of several components: the cluster of young stars and the gaseous material from which these stars form (the interstellar medium). Most of the gas in W40 is in the form of molecular clouds, the coldest, densest phase of the interstellar medium, which is made up of mostly molecular hydrogen (H2). Stars form in molecular clouds when the gas mass in part of a cloud becomes too great, causing it to collapse due to the Jeans instability. Stars usually do not form in isolation, but rather in groups containing hundreds or thousands of other stars, as is the case of W40.

In W40, feedback from the star cluster has ionized some of the gas and blown a bipolar bubble in the cloud around the cluster. Such feedback effects may trigger further star-formation but can also lead to the eventual destruction of the molecular cloud and an end of star-formation activity.

Star cluster
A cluster of young stars lies at the center of the W40 HII region containing approximately 520 stars down to 0.1 solar masses. Age estimates for the stars indicate that the stars in the center of the cluster are approximately 0.8 million years old, while the stars on the outside are slightly older at 1.5 million years. The cluster is roughly spherically symmetric and is mass segregated, with the more massive stars relatively more likely to be found near the center of the cluster. The cause of mass segregation in very young star clusters, like W40, is an open theoretical question in star-formation theory because timescales for mass segregation through two-body interactions between stars are typically too long.

The cloud is ionized by several O and B-type stars. Near-infrared spectroscopy has identified one late-O type star named IRS 1A South, and 3 early B-type stars, IRS 2B, IRS 3A, and IRS 5. In addition, IRS 1A North and IRS 2A are Herbig Ae/Be stars. Radio emission from several of these stars is observed with the Very Large Array, and may be evidence for ultra-compact H II regions.

Excess light in the infrared indicates that a number of stars in the cluster have circumstellar disks, which may be in the process of forming planets. Millimeter observations from the IRAM 30m telescope show 9 Class-0 protostars in the Serpens South region and 3 Class-0 protostars in W40, supporting the view that the region is very young and actively forming stars.

Interstellar medium
W40 lies in a molecular cloud with an estimated mass of 104. The core of the molecular cloud has a shape like a shepherd's crook and is currently producing new stars. The cluster of OB and pre–main-sequence (PMS) stars lies just eastward of the bend in this filament. The cloud core was also observed in radio light produced by CO, which allows the mass of the core to be estimated at 200–300. A weak, bipolar outflow of gas flows out of the core, likely driven by a young stellar object, with two lobes differing in velocity by 0.5 km/s.

It was in this region where the striking prevalence of filamentary cloud structures seen by ESA's Herschel Space Observatory was first noted. These filaments of cloud have dense "cores" of gas embedded within them—many of which are likely to gravitationally collapse and form stars. The Herschel results for this region, and subsequently reported results for other star-forming regions, imply that fragmentation of molecular-cloud filaments are fundamental to the star-formation process. The Herschel results for W40 and the Aquila Rift, compared to those for molecular clouds in the Polaris region, suggest that star-formation occurs when the linear density (mass per unit length) exceeds a threshold making them susceptible to gravitational instability. This accounts for the high star-formation rate in W40 and the Aquila Rift, in contrast to the low star-formation rate in the Polaris clouds. These observational results complement computer simulations of star-formation, which also emphasize the role that molecular-cloud filaments play in the birth of stars.

Observations by the space-based Chandra X-ray Observatory have shown a diffuse X-ray glow from the H II region, which is likely due to the presence of a multi-million Kelvin plasma. Such hot plasmas can be produced by winds from massive stars, which become shock heated.

title: Westerhout 40


text:
Gölsen

The Gölsen is a river in Lower Austria, in the Mostviertel. It is a right tributary of the Traisen. Its drainage basin is 297 km2.

The river begins in Hainfeld with the confluence of the Fliedersbach and the Ramsaubach (also called the Innere Gölsen). It then flows through the communities of Hainfeld, Rohrbach an der Gölsen, and Sankt Veit an der Gölsen, before discharging into the Traisen at Traisen. The Gölsen flows in an east-west direction and is around 15 km long, it has a difference in elevation of 80 m.

The river is nowadays heavily obstructed due to its recurring floods (Gölsen Dam, On account of its recurrent floods, the Gölsen is nowadays carefully controlled (the Gölsen Dam, river bed steps). However, within its broad riverbed, it can form gravel banks.

Parallel to the river runs the so-called Gölsentalradweg ("Gölsen valley bike trail"), which runs from the Traisentalradweg to Hainfeld. An extension of the path to the Triesting Valley Cycle Way is planned.

Parallel to the river, the so-called Gölsentalradweg ("Gölsen valley bike trail") was laid out, which runs continuously on asphalt from the Traisentalradweg to Hainfeld and then on into the valley of the Triesting to the Triestingtalradweg.

Along the Gölsen runs a rail line, the Leobersdorf railway from Traisen to Hainfeld. In the past, the line was longer and continued to Kaumberg and farther into the Triesting valley. Since 2004, however, only special trains have operated on this section of line.

title: Gölsen


text:
Talk:Lew Hoad

Total Grand Slam tournament wins
Hold had a significant total number of GS tournament wins - this should be reflected in the introductory paragraph after the statement about his singles GS wins. Antipodenz (talk) 08:44, 26 September 2021 (UTC)
 * I presume that you are referring to the eight GS Doubles wins and the one GS mixed doubles wins. Yes, we include those on the other tennis bio headers such as Sedgman and Rosewall, and summaries, there is no reason not to include these doubles wins. If no one objects, I will include them here.Tennisedu (talk) 12:52, 30 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Tennishistory1877, how many men's major doubles wins do you have for Rosewall?Tennisedu (talk) 17:19, 12 October 2021 (UTC)

 * McCauley pages 256-257 states Rosewall won 5 French Pro, 7 Wembley Pro and 3 US Pro doubles titles. Rosewall's wikipedia profile states he won 9 Grand Slam mens doubles titles.  Total 24. Tennishistory1877 (talk) 20:07, 12 October 2021 (UTC)
 * It looks like Hoad shares with Rosewall the pre-Open era record for most major men's doubles titles with 21.Tennisedu (talk) 02:34, 14 October 2021 (UTC)

Zenith
McCauley opines that Hoad's win at Forest Hills TOC in 1959 was the "zenith" of his career. It was probably the greatest tournament win in his career, but McCauley was not aware of the Ampol world series of that year. McCauley believed that the Ampol series was a five-tournament event near the end of 1959 and including the first event of 1960. The Ampol series win was probably the real zenith of Hoad's career, so this judgment call by McCauley is not being made with a full set of facts. I recommend that this statement be removed. If no one objects, I will remove it.Tennisedu (talk) 12:56, 30 September 2021 (UTC)

Doubles Results
We need to discuss this here. Doubles results are included in the leads to articles on Rosewall, Sedgman, Newcombe, McEnroe. There should be some brief reference here to Hoad's doubles, as an earlier editor pointed out above, which initiated this addition. If anyone has some objection to this, please state it here in discussion before removing the material.Tennisedu (talk) 23:28, 17 October 2021 (UTC)

 * I have already corrected your many errors in your doubles citations over the past few days. Now an editor (not me originally) has removed doubles from the lead because the lead is already bloated.  Hoad's doubles results are still listed in the article.  Not everything has to be in the lead as well.  You have been warned about your editing on this page many times. We have long since past the point of having reasonable discussions on this page. Tennishistory1877 (talk) 23:56, 17 October 2021 (UTC)

 * You are wrong again. This particular sentence was not removed by another editor, only by you. The material has been reduced to less than one line, which is not a bloat by anyone's standard. So your reason for complaint is clearly not valid. You need to explain why we should leave doubles references much longer than this in the article leads for Rosewall, Newcombe, Sedgman, and McEnroe, but not here. You are not engaging the issues here at all, but attempting to create a chaotic atmosphere. I again urge you to try and exercise some self control.Tennisedu (talk) 00:59, 18 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Your grip on reality is as tenuous as it has ever been. Edit by Wolbo on 16 October 23:36. "Lead should be summary of KEY information.  Reverted to non-bloated version." Tennishistory1877 (talk) 09:39, 18 October 2021(UTC)

 * Read what happened, the passage was reduced in line with other tennis leads for Rosewall, Newcombe, Sedgman, McEnroe. Wolbo did not remove the passage in the final edit. The final edit was only key information, which is what Wolbo was asking for. Your task is to explain why the normal procedure is not followed here. Otherwise you are simply attempting to create chaos.Tennisedu (talk) 13:19, 18 October 2021 (UTC)

 * The truth is shown in the edit history of the Lew Hoad page. You can not change the edit history of a page, it is written there for all to see who wish to see it. Tennishistory1877 (talk) 13:31, 18 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Wolbo did not remove the final version of this statement, that is clear from the record, it was you who did that without reason. Now, you have to explain why the normal pattern of some reference to doubles results should not be followed in this lead. Otherwise you are simply attempting to create chaos here.Tennisedu (talk) 14:04, 18 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lew Hoad


text:
Esperanto/Introducing yourself

Be sure to make use of the pronunciation appendix.

Grammar
Since Esperanto is a very regular language, all its rules can be applied universally without exceptions. This means Esperanto grammar concepts are much easier to understand than those of natural languages. In this first lesson, we shall examine how to form nouns, adjectives, and the present tense.

Nouns
In any language, nouns are words that designate a person, place, thing, idea, or quality. Some examples of nouns in English are: "house", "friends", "cake", "John", "France", and "gardens".

In Esperanto, all nouns end in -o. The part of the word that goes before the -o is known as the root. For example, in the word urbo (city), urb- is the root and the -o makes it a noun.

To make a noun plural, add a -j to the end, for example urboj (cities).

Some examples of nouns in Esperanto: (human),  (house),  (friends),  (cake),  (John),  (France) and  (gardens).

To say a or an, as in "a town", just say the noun on its own, e.g. urbo (town, a town). There is no indefinite article ("a" or "an") in Esperanto.

The word for the is la, e.g. la urbo (the city). La never changes for singular or plural.

Adjectives
Adjectives are words that describe a noun. Some English examples are: "happy", "tired", "beautiful", "young" and "fresh".

To change an Esperanto noun into its corresponding adjective, replace the -o with an -a. For example, urbo (town) gives rise to urba (urban, "relating to a town").

Some examples of adjectives in Esperanto: (happy),  (tired),  (beautiful),  (young) and  (fresh).

In Esperanto, an adjective must "agree in number" with the noun it describes. This means that if the noun is singular, the adjective must also be. If the noun is plural, the adjective must also be, too. Some examples: la freŝa kuko (the fresh cake), la freŝaj kukoj (the fresh cakes); feliĉa homo (a happy person), feliĉaj homoj (happy people).

The prefix mal- changes an Esperanto word into its opposite meaning – a feature that greatly reduces the vocabulary. Here are some examples of mal- words in Esperanto: (unhappy),  (alert, not tired),  (ugly),  (old) and  (stale).

Adverbs
Adverbs are words that describe a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. They indicate manner, place, time or quantity. Some English examples are: "quickly", "orally", "at home", and "in writing".

To change an Esperanto word into an adverb, replace the usual ending (-a for adjectives, -o for nouns, and -i for verbs) with -e. The meaning of the base word determines whether it becomes a manner, place, time or quantity adverb.
 * Manner – How something is done, "He runs quickly." ; "He submitted it in writing."
 * Place – Where something is done, "He runs at home."
 * Time – When something is done, "He runs on Sunday."
 * Quantity – "He runs a lot."

Some examples of adverbs in Esperanto: (quickly),  (orally),  (at home), and  (in writing).

Please note that not all adverbs use this rule, but the overwhelming majority of them do. Once you are introduced to these adverbs, it will be obvious why there are exceptions.

Personal pronouns
In Esperanto there are ten personal pronouns. However, you will initially need to only know seven of these pronouns.

 * The other pronouns ("", "") will be covered later.
 * "Ci" is rarely used, and isn’t recommended.
 * The third person neuter singular pronoun, "ĝi", is not exactly the same as the English "it" because it can be used as a gender-neutral pronoun for a living person. For example, "Look at that baby. I can't tell if it is a boy or a girl."
 * There also are some neologism gender-neutral pronouns. Although none of them are sanctioned by the Akademio de Esperanto, they are still commonly used in online spaces, which is why they are mentioned here. "Ri" is the most popular.

Possessive pronouns
To turn a personal pronoun into a possessive pronoun (which is an adjective), simply add an -a to the end.

Verbs – present tense
The basic form of a verb is called its infinitive. In English, this is the part of the verb that has "to" in front of it, as in the sentence "John likes to play football". In Esperanto, the infinitive simply has an -i after the root, e.g. (a game),  (to play).

The present tense has three forms in English. For example, one can say either "I kick", "I am kicking" or "I do kick"; "he laughs", "he is laughing", "he does laugh"; "Robert eats the cake", "Robert is eating the cake", "Robert does eat cake". All these forms are represented under one form in Esperanto.

To form the present tense of any Esperanto verb, simply substitute the -i in the root with -as. Some examples: mi legas (I am reading), li ridas (He is laughing), Roberto manĝas la kukon (Robert eats the cake).

You will also note that there is no verb conjugation in Esperanto for person. For example, in English you would say "Bob eats", "I eat", and "She eats"; In Esperanto, you would use the same form of the verb: "Bob manĝas", "Mi manĝas", "Ŝi manĝas".

Objects and the accusative case
Like in English, every complete declarative sentence in Esperanto requires at least two parts: a subject and a verb. In the sentence "I ate", the subject is "I" and the verb is "ate". A subject is a noun which performs an action. However, in the sentence "I ate spaghetti", there is a third word: "spaghetti". The word "spaghetti" in this sentence is what is known as a direct object. A direct object is a noun which is having an action performed on it. It is being "verb'ed", so to speak.

Take special note of the last sentence. In the first three sentences, the direct object directly followed the verb. However, in the last sentence, the word "Jane" directly follows the verb "gave". So why isn't Jane the direct object of the sentence? Because Jane is not having an action performed on her by the verb of the sentence, "give". Frank is not giving Jane, Frank is giving flowers to Jane. Since the flowers are what is being given, the flowers are the direct object.

So what is Jane in this sentence, then? Jane is what is known as an indirect object. An indirect object is a noun which is neither performing an action nor having an action performed directly upon it, but receiving the action of the verb less directly than the direct object (hence the name). In Esperanto, the indirect object will always take a preposition. For example, "Frank baked Jane a cake" becomes "Frank baked a cake for Jane."

This basal reader stuff is real cute. But the simplicity quickly falls apart with more complex statements. Let's try some more advanced sentences in English.

As you can see, English sometimes chokes on the complexities of real life. The incorrect understanding of the sentence about the First Amendment has the same basic structure as "The pilot makes the heading in the flight plan to the north.", giving the false parse a similar structure to "The amendment redirects the trust in their ability to criticize, into the Constitution.", which would mean "The First Amendment has persuaded the citizenry to trust that they are able to criticize the governor's administration of the presumptive draft on the grounds that the governor is administrating the presumptive draft unconstitutionally instead of trusting that they are able to criticize the governor's administration of the presumptive draft on other grounds.", which, depending on the minute details of history, the English language, and then-current law, could actually make sense, but is not the correct understanding of the grammar or the meaning of the sentence. English speakers can use their intuition to get past part of this problem, but in controversies, debates, and trials where words are deliberately or accidentally twisted, in technical fields, in natural language processing, and with English as a Foreign Language, it becomes increasingly difficult. Now you know one of the many reasons why natural language processing is an unsolved problem in computer programming. Another reason is that most English words have multiple meanings, up to 60 or even 100 meanings. Most Esperanto words only have one meaning, and its words with more than one meaning usually only have 2 or 3 meanings. Google Translate makes countless errors, and as such is no substitute for taking the courses over there at Lernu.

We'll try that again by shoehorning it into Esperanto. These sentences are kind of stilted, and in another situation one would use a very different wording. The stilted wording more or less preserves the basic structure of the English sentences, though. We'll start with the translation of "Now let's try more advanced sentences in Esperanto.", which is "Nun ni provu iom Esperantajn frazojn kiuj estas pli progresintaj."

In English, word order in a sentence helps determine whether a noun is a subject, a direct object, or an indirect object. In English, the order is often "subject, verb, direct object", "direct object, subject, verb" or "subject, verb, indirect object, direct object", and various other orders. As you can see from the table above, there are many plausible but incorrect comprehensions of the English sentences, but no plausible incorrect comprehensions of their Esperanto translations. That's because grammar in planned languages, such as Esperanto, tends to be much more precise than in natural languages. Esperanto uses affixes to explicitly and unambiguously mark words for part of speech, case, gender and number. Thus, part of speech tagging of Esperanto's single-stem words is already solved. In order to make a direct object in Esperanto, one simply adds the letter "n" to the noun (if the noun is plural, the "n" is added after the "j").

Therefore, in Esperanto, subjects, verbs, and direct objects can be put in any order, with little, if any, loss of clarity. All of the following sentences, which mean "the apple loves the banana" are grammatically correct in Esperanto.
 * La pomo amas la bananon.
 * La pomo la bananon amas.
 * Amas la pomo la bananon.
 * Amas la bananon la pomo.
 * La bananon la pomo amas.
 * La bananon amas la pomo.

Conversation – Introducing yourself
Two people – Jean and Frank – meet for the first time:
 * Frank: Saluton! Mia nomo estas Frank. Kaj via?
 * Jean: Saluton! Mi estas Jean. De kie vi venas?
 * Frank: Mi venas de Novjorko, en Usono. Kaj vi?
 * Jean: Mi venas de Parizo, en Francio.

Exercise: Translation

 * 1) Translate the following Esperanto dialogue into English:
 * 2) Jonah: Saluton! Mi estas Jonah.
 * 3) Kelly: Saluton, Jonah. Mi estas Kelly. Mi venas de Parizo, en Francio. Kaj vi?
 * 4) Jonah: Mi venas de Novjorko.
 * 5) Translate the sentences into Esperanto:
 * 6) The happy friends are Julie and Kelly.
 * 7) The beautiful cake is stale!
 * 8) He is sad.
 * 9) Translate the sentences into English:
 * 10) La ĝardenoj belaj estas malnovaj.
 * 11) Mia domo estas en la urbo.
 * 12) Iliaj domoj estas belaj.

What You Need to Know

 * All nouns in Esperanto end in "-o"
 * All adjectives in Esperanto end in "-a"
 * Most adverbs in Esperanto end in "-e"
 * Personal pronouns are used to refer to people or things.
 * To change a personal pronoun into a possessive pronoun, add "-a".
 * The infinitive form of verbs in Esperanto ends in "-i".
 * To change verbs to be in the present tense, remove the "-i" and add "-as".
 * Plurals end in "-j".

Extra vocabulary
{{Only in print|1=

Frank and Jean

 * Frank: Hello! My name is Frank. And yours?
 * Jean: Hi! I am Jean. From where do you come? (Where do you come from?)
 * Frank: I come from New York, in the U.S.A. And you?
 * Jean: I come from Paris, in France.

Exercise: Translation
}}
 * 1) Translate the following Esperanto dialogue into English:
 * 2) *Jonah: Hello! I am Jonah.
 * 3) *Kelly: Hello, Jonah. I am Kelly. I come from Paris, in France. And you?
 * 4) *Jonah: I come from New York.
 * 5) Translate the sentences into Esperanto:
 * 6) La feliĉaj amikoj estas Julie kaj Kelly.
 * 7) La bela kuko estas malfreŝa!
 * 8) Li estas malfeliĉa.
 * 9) Translate the sentences into English:
 * 10) The beautiful gardens are old.
 * 11) My house is in the city.
 * 12) Their houses are beautiful.

-

title: Esperanto/Introducing yourself


text:
2011 Pan American Fencing Championships

The 2011 Pan American Fencing Championships were held in Reno, Nevada, United States from 4 to 10 July at the Reno-Sparks Convention Center.

title: 2011 Pan American Fencing Championships


text:
Mark Tomforde

Mark Tomforde is an American mathematician and Professor of Mathematics at University of Colorado Colorado Springs after leaving the University of Houston in 2020. He works in the areas of functional analysis and algebra, and he earned his Ph.D. in mathematics at Dartmouth College in 2002. Tomforde's research interests are in operator algebras and C*-algebras.

He was an invited speaker at the 2015 Abel Symposium, and he is a founding member of the Algebras and Rings in Colorado Springs (ARCS) center. Tomforde has researched the related areas of graph C*-algebras and Leavitt path algebras. With Doug Drinen, he is co-creator of the Drinen-Tomforde desingularization, often simply called desingularization. With Gene Abrams, Tomforde has formulated the Abrams-Tomforde conjectures, and Abrams and Tomforde have verified certain special cases of the conjectures. Tomforde studied ultragraph C*-algebras. Tomforde has also been active in organizing several conferences on graph C*-algebras and their generalizations, with the goal of bringing together analysts and algebraists to share ideas and collaborate.

Tomforde created and directed the Cougars and Houston Area Mathematics Program (CHAMP), which was last active in Spring 2019. CHAMP had previously received an award from Phi Beta Kappa and the Award for Mathematics Programs that Make a Difference from the American Mathematical Society. In 2019 Tomforde was recognized with the MAA Texas Section's Distinguished College and University Teaching of Mathematics Award. In 2020 he was the recipient of the Deborah and Franklin Haimo Award for Distinguished College or University Teaching of Mathematics from the Mathematical Association of America.

title: Mark Tomforde


text:
Bezlotoxumab

Bezlotoxumab, sold under the brand name Zinplava, is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the prevention of recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infections.

Mechanism of TcdB neutralization
By x-ray crystallized structure of N-terminal of Clostridioides difficile toxin B (TcdB), the toxin was identified to consist of three domains: a GTD, a cysteine protease and a combined repetitive oligopeptides, CROP domain. The CROP domain consists of four different peptide units: B1, B2, B3, and B4. Bezlotoxumab specifically inhibits the CROP domain of TcdB. It recognizes a specific epitope on toxin TcdB and has high affinity for that region. The GTD domain does not interact with bezlotoxumab, but appears to interact with B1, which is representative of the entire CROP domain. Bezlotoxumab interacts with either B2 and B3 or the overlapping residues region between the two domains. The B4 fragment does not interact with the specific portion of the CROP domain. Characterization of peptide B1 as full CROP domain of TcdB suggests that the antibody specifically reacts with the B2 region of the CROP domain. This leads to the conclusion that the TcdB epitope lies within the N-terminus of the CROP domain.

History
This drug, along with actoxumab, was developed through Phase II efficacy trials by a partnership between Medarex Inc and MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School. The project was then licensed to Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp for further development and commercialization.

Actoxumab and bezlotoxumab are fully human monoclonal antibodies which bind C. difficile toxins A and B, respectively.

A Phase III trial only showed a benefit from bezlotoxumab; the combination of actoxumab and bezlotoxumab worked no better to prevent recurrence of C. difficile associated diarrhea than bezlotoxumab alone.

In June 2016, the U.S. FDA's Antimicrobial Drugs Advisory Committee (formerly known as the Anti-Infective Drugs Advisory Committee) met to discuss bezlotoxumab. The committee voted to recommend approval of Merck's license application by a vote of 10 to 5, generally expressing a willingness to accept that the trials had proven that bezlotoxumab decreased recurrence of C. difficile overall. The committee tempered this acceptance with a robust discussion of whether or not the drug provide more marked benefit in some patient groups and expressed concern over a potential safety signal in the group treated with bezlotoxumab. The data suggested that bezlotoxumab might have the most benefit in sicker, high-risk patients but did show a statistical benefit in all patient subgroups. Although the patient population as a whole contained many very sick individuals and thus there were many adverse events in both the subjects receiving placebo and those receiving bezlotoxumab, the panel focused on a small number of serious events in patients with pre-existing congestive heart failure. In this subset the patients receiving bezlotoxumab appeared to have a higher rate of negative outcomes than the placebo group, although there may have been an imbalance in how sick the patients in those groups were.

Bezlotoxumab gained FDA approval in October 2016: "indicated to reduce the recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in patients 18 years of age or older who are receiving antibiotics for CDI and are at high risk for recurrence."

title: Bezlotoxumab


text:
User:Jhla5146/PractRand

PractRand (Practically Random) is a C++ software library of pseudo-random number generators and randomness tests for RNGs.

title: User:Jhla5146/PractRand


text:
不當

Verb

 * 1)  does not match; does not equal
 * 2)  should not
 * 3)  is not

Adjective

 * 1) inappropriate; unsuitable

title: 不當


text:
Category:Ministers in the Chamberlain wartime government, 1939–1940

This category holds articles about ministers who served in the Chamberlain war ministry of 1939–1940.


text:
File:Libacao Aklan.png

Government Seal of Libacao
Section 176. Works of the Government. - 176.1. No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. No prior approval or conditions shall be required for the use of any purpose of statutes, rules and regulations, and speeches, lectures, sermons, addresses, and dissertations, pronounced, read or rendered in courts of justice, before administrative agencies, in deliberative assemblies and in meetings of public character.

Fair use rationale
For Libacao and Aklan

 * No free equivalent. Being a seal or a Philippine local government unit (LGU), there is obviously no free equivalent.
 * Resolution/fidelity. The seal is of a low resolution such that reproduction in other contexts, such as print publication, is not feasible.
 * Respect for commercial opportunities. Since this is a seal of a Philippine LGU, there are no commercial opportunities allowed for the use of the seal by the LGU, the copyright holder. Its use in Wikipedia does not infringe on any commercial opportunities.
 * Content and Significance. The purpose of a Philippine LGU seal is chiefly to identify the LGU (such as on the facade of the LGU's buildings) and to authenticate official documents when stamped onto them. The usage of the seal in Wikipedia follows this mandate as a means of visual identification of the LGU in appropriate contexts such as in the LGU's article and templates, and in the articles of encompassing or constituent LGUs.

Nature of a Philippine local government unit corporate seal
Local government units have the power to have a corporate seal. Use of the corporate seal and change thereof requires registration with the Department of Interior and Local Government. Registration of the seals with the Department of Trade and Industry and the Intellectual Property Office IS not required because municipal corporations do not fall within the scope of the term "business" or "enterprise." The chief purpose of a government seal has been to identify and authenticate documents.

title: File:Libacao Aklan.png