text:
User:Seanbaker2015/Media Influence and Political Reactions

Political Reactions
Certain groups used the dangers of media influence as a way to promote a political cause. Music with violent and sexual lyrics have often been the target of concern. Several influential women, including Tipper Gore, founded the Parents Music Resource Center, and was one of the main organizations that pushed for warning labels on music. They argued that such material had simple and identifiable effects on children, and thus should be classified only for adults. In a 1985 Senate hearing on potential music labels, Joe Stussey, a professor from the University of Texas at San Antonio, argued that modern lyrics contained "an element of hatred, a meanness of spirit." At this same hearing, Senator Ernest Hollings wanted legislation to allow the government to remove offensive music that he called "outrageous filth". Ultimately, a voluntary parental advisory label was adopted by the music industry in 1985.

Other media, such as violent video games, have also faced criticism. In 2005, California banned the selling of violent video games to children under the age of 18. The state cited studies that said violent video games caused children to become more aggressive and desensitized to violence. However, in 2011, the Supreme Court struck down the law in a 7-2 decision. The majority opinion argued the government had no place to restrict ideas to children, even if those ideas are violent in nature.

Going back as far as 1948, opponents raised concerns against television. It was felt that television could lead to a breakdown in communication, and harm the family environment. Children would be at most harm, being influenced through television airwaves that some felt were focused on selling inappropriate products and showing violent programs. By 1955, Congress held hearings on how television could potentially lead to juvenile delinquency. In the 1970s, initiatives were introduced to limit the type of advertisements shown to children.


text:
1988 Lafayette Leopards football team

The 1988 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College during the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Leopards swept the Colonial League to win the conference championship.

In their eighth year under head coach Bill Russo, the Leopards compiled a 8–2–1 record. Chris LaPietra and Andy Nygren were the team captains.

The Leopards outscored opponents 420 to 251. Their undefeated (5–0) conference record placed first in the six-team Colonial League standings.

Unranked in the preseason poll, Lafayette soon climbed the ranks during a five-game winning streak, reaching as high as No. 5 in the weekly national Division I-AA rankings. Non-conference losses in the middle of the year led to the team dropping out of the top 20, and it finished the season unranked.

Lafayette played its home games at Fisher Field on College Hill in Easton, Pennsylvania.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1988 Lafayette Leopards football team


text:
Chineta

Chineta (Чинета) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Chinetinsky Selsoviet, Krasnoshchyokovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 524 as of 2013. There are 10 streets.

Geography
Chineta is located 69 km southeast of Krasnoshchyokovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ust-Beloye is the nearest rural locality.

title: Chineta


text:
съборъ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) meeting
 * 2) counsel

Descendants

 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * → Cyrillic:
 * → Latin:
 * Non-Slavic:
 * → Cyrillic:
 * → Latin:
 * Non-Slavic:
 * Non-Slavic:
 * Non-Slavic:
 * Non-Slavic:

title: съборъ


text:
Kruglo-Sementsy

Kruglo-Sementsy (Кругло-Семенцы) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kruglo-Sementsovsky Selsoviet, Yegoryevsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 368 as of 2013. There are 5 streets.

Geography
Kruglo-Sementsy is located 58 km south of Novoyegoryevskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Borisovka is the nearest rural locality.

title: Kruglo-Sementsy


text:
Las Vegas Shakedown

Las Vegas Shakedown is a 1955 American film noir crime film directed by Sidney Salkow from an original screenplay by Steve Fisher. The film stars Dennis O'Keefe, Coleen Gray, and Charles Winninger, and was released on May 15, 1955.

Cast

 * Dennis O'Keefe as Joe Barnes
 * Coleen Gray as Julia L. Rae
 * Charles Winninger as Ernest Raff
 * Thomas Gomez as Al "Gimpy" Sirago
 * Dorothy Patrick as Dorothy Reid
 * Mary Beth Hughes as Mabel Dooley
 * Elizabeth Patterson as Mary Raff
 * James Millican as Wheeler Reid
 * Robert Armstrong as Doc
 * Joseph Downing as Matty
 * Lewis Martin as Collins
 * Mara McAfee as Angela
 * Charles Fredericks as Sheriff Charlie Woods
 * Regina Gleason as Maxine Miller
 * Murray Alper as House manager
 * James Alexander as Sam Costar
 * Frank Hanley as Milton Dooley
 * Allen Mathews as Rick

title: Las Vegas Shakedown


text:
Hope for the Hills

Hope For The Hills (HFTH) is a non-profit grassroots organization based in Chino Hills, California, USA. It is protesting a 5-mile segment of 500kV overhead transmission lines that occupy a 150-foot right of way through a residential area in Chino Hills. The segment is part of the Tehachapi Renewable Transmission Project (TRTP). On July 11, 2013 Hope for the Hills won its long fight when the California Public Utilities Commission voted to put the lines underground.

TRTP overview
The TRTP is a 187-mile transmission project developed by Southern California Edison (SCE) that promises to bring up to 4,500 megawatts of renewable energy from windfarms in Kern County to substations in Los Angeles County and San Benadino County. On December 17, 2009, the California Public Utility Commission (CPUC) approved segment 8A through the city of Chino Hills, calling it the "Environmentally Superior Route.". The city of Chino Hills spent almost $2.4 million to fight the decision in the Superior Court and the State Court of Appeals. The court actions was unsuccessful. SCE erected the first tubular steel tower in Chino Hills in May 2011. In October 2011, the CPUC ordered SCE not to string the transmission lines until further notice. Construction on the Chino Hills segment stopped. In November 2011, CPUC ordered Southern California Edison to provide alternatives to TRTP. Private negotiations between the City of Chino Hills and SCE concluded that SCE should prepare further studies of the cost, timing, and environment impacts of undergrounding the line. SCE's formal testimony is due February 28, 2013.

HFTH organization
Since 2009, Hope for the Hills has organized numerous protests at CPUC hearings, city board sessions, and SCE meetings and events. Bob Goodwin serves as the current President.

The group has been mentioned in the LA Times, and discussed in the Inland Valley Daily Bulletin and NBC Los Angeles. The group's YouTube video, "Pack it up, Get it Out" was featured by NBC.

CalWatchdog described the CPUC ruling that SCE should find alternatives to the power lines as a "landmark case in citizen activism" and credited HFTH for the victory.

According to HFTH, no other transmission line in the United States uses such a narrow right of way in a seismically active residential community for a 500kV line. The 2008 Chino Hills earthquake was an example of an event with sufficient intensity to cause significant damage. HFTH maintains that this line is detrimental to the safety, health, aesthetics, and property values of their community.

CPUC and TRTP
The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) is a government-run organization that regulates privately owned electric, natural gas, telecommunications, water, railroad, rail transit, and passenger transportation companies. They are the agency that exclusively made the decision to allow Southern California Edison (SCE) to begin building their Tehachapi Renewable Transmission Project (TRTP). On December 17, 2009, the CPUC, in a press release, announced that they had approved the construction of Segments 4–11 of TRTP in order to increase access to new renewable energy. Prior to this decision, in March 2007, the CPUC had already approved Segments 1–3 of TRTP, and at the time of this press release, those segments were nearly finished and they planned to be fully energized by the end of the year. Today, Segments 1, 2, 3a, and 3b are complete and energized. And with the approval of the CPUC, SCE began erecting towers for Segments 4–11.

On November 10, 2011, the CPUC ordered Edison to stop the construction of transmission lines through Chino Hills. The CPUC deemed this stop necessary in order to preserve the decision pending on the Chino Hills Application for Rehearing and a Motion for Partial Stay. This stop-work was to be in effect until there was a resolution to the Application for Rehearing or until the CPUC decided it was fit for Edison to resume construction. In addition, the President of the CPUC, Michael R. Peevey, requested that SCE create a list of alternatives to their project's current design and route. In response to this ruling, Commissioner Timothy Alan Simon stated, “In my visit to Chino Hills, it was clear that the local impact issues of the transmission line warrant a review by this Commission.”.

On May 3, 2012, settlement negotiation began between SCE and the city of Chino Hills on the routing of the 500k-volt power line. These negotiations included the potential undergrounding of these power lines beneath the existing right of way (public throughway) that Edison has in the city. The CPUC hoped that the potential undergrounding would produce an outcome that satisfied both parties.

In its most recent press release regarding the Tehachapi Renewable Transmission Project, which occurred on July 2, 2012, the CPUC ordered SCE to prepare a testimony based on preliminary studies of undergrounding options of the transmission lines running through Chino Hills; the report needs to be given to the CPUC by February 28, 2013. This testimony will provide a detailed description on the estimated costs and construction timeline for undergrounding the lines in Chino Hills. The previous stop on SCE construction in Chino Hills will remain in effect until the CPUC considers these undergrounding options and makes its final decision.

title: Hope for the Hills


text:
Annemarie Ní Churreáin

Annemarie Ní Churreáin is an Irish poet from North West Donegal.

Career
Ní Churreáin grew up in Donegal in a place called Cnoc Na Naomh.

She was educated at the Oscar Wilde Centre at Trinity College, Dublin. Ní Churreáin is fluent in Irish.

Ní Churreáin has received literary awards from Jack Kerouac House, Akademie Schloss Solitude, and Hawthornden Castle.

In 2016, Ní Churreáin was honoured with the Next Generation Artists Award from Michael D. Higgins on behalf of the Arts Council of Ireland. In 2018, she was awarded the inaugural John Broderick Residency Award by the Arts Council. In 2019, she was named one of two Writers in Residence at Maynooth University, Kildare.

In addition to her writing practice, Ní Churreáin is a panelist on the Writers in Irish Prisons Scheme and co-founder of the arts collective, "Upstart." In 2007, she established Ireland's first creative arts therapies outreach programme for people in need.

title: Annemarie Ní Churreáin


text:
Prauserella halophila

Prauserella halophila is a moderately halophilic bacterium from the genus Prauserella which has been isolated from soil in Xinjiang, China.

title: Prauserella halophila


text:
Talk:Grupul Antiterorist

Some questions

 * What is SRI?
 * What is the Emergency Response Cell?
 * What are the sources for this article? There are references to newspapers saying things, but they don't even identify the newspapers, let alone the particular articles. - Jmabel | Talk 21:57, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Grupul Antiterorist


text:
Pixelberry Studios

Pixelberry Studios is a mobile game development company based in Mountain View, California, United States. Founded in 2013 by Oliver Miao, Keith Emnett, and Winston She, Pixelberry develops episodic narrative mobile games for Android and iOS, aiming to create "games with heart," beginning with Surviving High School and Cause of Death, which deals with themes of bullying, eating disorders and capturing serial killers. Since then, the company has fully released three more mobile games: Hollywood U, High School Story. In November 2017, Pixelberry was acquired by Nexon.

Pixelberry launched Choices: Stories You Play in August 2016. Like their previous games, Choices: Stories You Play is an interactive narrative game. In it, players can pick "choose your own adventure" stories or "books" across multiple literary genre such as romance, adventure, mystery, fantasy, and horror. Each "book" is divided into "chapters", and chapters are released on a weekly basis. The player character is usually highly customizable, from skin tone to gender. Since the shutdown of their other games, Choices is the flagship game and primary focus for the studio.

In 2020, a planned plot line in one of Choices' most popular titles was leaked, leading to fan backlash and further criticism of racial insensitivity in Choices stories. Pixelberry's CEO issued a personal apology and pledged $100,000 to Black Girls Code, the Black Writers Collective, and the Latinx Writers Collective. He also committed the company to enact more representative writing and hiring practices.

In 2022, Pixelberry launched a sister app to Choices, called StoryLoom which features creator-made, interactive stories. On July 15, 2022, Pixelberry Studios announced that High School Story would have its servers permanently shut down on August 10, 2022.

On January 22, 2024, Pixelberry announced it would shut down StoryLoom on February 29 and lay off 120 employees across multiple departments. Pixelberry was acquired by Series Entertainment in July.

title: Pixelberry Studios


text:
Jack Coan

Jack Coan (born December 8, 1998) is an American football quarterback for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for Wisconsin and Notre Dame.

High school and college career
Born in Sayville, New York, Coan went to Sayville High School, and in 2017 he decided to commit to the University of Wisconsin to play football. After three seasons Coan was finally the starter for Wisconsin, before suffering an injury that sidelined him for the whole of the 2020 season. He would announce his transfer as a graduate student to the University of Notre Dame, where he was subsequently named the starting quarterback. He would enter the 2022 NFL Draft the following year.

Indianapolis Colts
Coan signed with the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent on May 13, 2022. He was waived on August 30, 2022.

San Antonio Brahmas
On November 17, 2022, Coan was picked up by the San Antonio Brahmas of the XFL after the 2023 XFL Draft. He was removed from the roster on February 15, 2024.

Saskatchewan Roughriders
On March 15, 2024, Coan signed with the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

title: Jack Coan


text:
Marina Granovskaia

Marina Vladimirovna Granovskaia (Марина Владимировна Грановская; born 13 January 1975) is a Russian-Canadian business executive who served as a director at Chelsea from 2014 to 2022. She was also chief assistant to Roman Abramovich for more than ten years.

Professional career
Granovskaia studied at the Foreign Languages Faculty of Moscow State University and graduated in 1997. She started working as Roman Abramovich's PA at Sibneft in 1997. In 2003, she moved to London, when Abramovich bought Chelsea. She has also worked for Millhouse Capital, another company owned by Abramovich.

Chelsea F.C.
Granovskaia became involved in transfers and contractual dealings for Chelsea, becoming the representative of the owner at the club in 2010, then joining the Chelsea board in June 2013. In 2014, she was promoted to chief executive of the club. The Times stated that the promotion made her the "most powerful woman in football."

Her task of managing transfers sometimes put her at odds with managers who had their own ideas of whom to sell or buy during the transfer window. She has also been responsible for brokering the team's sponsorship deal with Nike, that will fund £60m per year to the club until 2032.

Granovskaia has been described as 'The Iron Lady' and "one of the best club directors in world football". In 2018, Forbes ranked her Number 5 in their "Most Powerful Women in International Sports" list.

Marina Granovskaia received the Best Club Director in European football award at the Golden Boy Awards on 13 December 2021. On 22 June 2022, it was announced that Granovskaia would leave Chelsea by the end of the 2021–22 season, following the change in ownership of the club.

title: Marina Granovskaia


text:
kida

Noun

 * 1) sugar apple

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) hook, barb

Noun

 * 1) left side or direction:

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from , from , from

Noun

 * 1) guitar

Etymology
From. Related to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) throat
 * 2) cry, scream, yell

title: kida


text:
Common Force

Common Force (Fuerza Común) was a Chilean centre-left to left-wing political party, founded in 2020 by former members of the Socialist Party of Chile and independent organisations. In August 2020, it became part of the Broad Front, a left-wing political coalition.

On September 24, 2022, through a statement, it was reported that the Common Force political movement became part of the Social Convergence party.

title: Common Force


text:
Gasoline Alley, Alberta

Gasoline Alley, also known as the Gasoline Alley Business Park, is a business park in Red Deer County, Alberta, Canada, located immediately south of the City of Red Deer. The area is bound by Alberta Highway 2A to the west, Red Deer city limits the north, Range Road 272 to the east, and the south boundaries of quarter sections along Township Road 374 (McKenzie Road) to the south. It is bisected by Alberta Highway 2 (Queen Elizabeth II Highway), which has resulted in the area being divided into Gasoline Alley East and Gasoline Alley West.

Description
Gasoline Alley is a predominantly commercial and light industrial area located along Alberta Highway 2 in Red Deer County. As of 2018, it also includes a residential community named Liberty Landing. Due to the area being divided by Highway 2, the area is referred to as Gasoline Alley East and Gasoline Alley West. Gasoline Alley South is used in reference to the area located west of Highway 2 and south of McKenzie Road which is characterized by warehouses and logistical companies.

The following various industrial and business parks form part of Gasoline Alley.
 * Gasoline Alley East
 * Clearview Industrial Park
 * Energy Business Park
 * McKenzie Industrial Park
 * Petrolia Industrial Park
 * Piper Creek Business Park
 * Gasoline Alley West
 * Hamlet of Gasoline Alley including the urban residential community of Liberty Landing

History
Gasoline Alley began as a private rest area due to its location near Red Deer, midway between the cities of Calgary and Edmonton. Gas stations and restaurants were located along Highway 2 on service roads located just south of Red Deer city limits, with some business located on both sides of the highway to service northbound and southbound travellers respectively. In 1995, Alberta Transportation opened the McKenzie Road interchange, which allowed travellers from either direction of Highway 2 to better access both sides of Gasoline Alley. Around the same time, Red Deer County began expanding and developing Gasoline Alley to have more industrial and retail development, with Gasoline Alley West now having big box stores such as Costco and a movie theatre. In 2018, as part of the Highway 2/2A/Gaetz Avenue interchange reconstruction, the original service road to Gasoline Alley West was permanently closed and removed, with business access being moved to Leva Avenue, located on to the west of the highway-facing businesses.

title: Gasoline Alley, Alberta


text:
Robotics/Stepper Motors

Stepper Motor Basics

 * Degree of Rotation - Every stepper motor has a degree of rotation. This value indicates how far the rotor will spin around its axis for each signal sent.

 * Number of Coil - These motors drive coils in a pattern to advance the rotor position

 * Driving a Coil - This is done by passing current through the coil. In stepper motors, all coils must be driven in both directions over a complete revolution.

 * Sequencing - These motors require the electronic control to change which coil in being driven at the correct time. Without this the motor will hold in one position.

 * H-Bridge Style Driver - ...

What's a stepper motor?

In robotics stepper motors are primarily used in stationary robots as they tend to consume quite a lot of power. They are ideal for movements that have to be accurate and are larger than 180°.

Common Uses/Part Sources

 * Floppy, hard disk, or CD/DVD-ROM drives - The heart of most these is the stepper motor. In most of these drives, there are two stepper motors. They position the read/write heads and they spin the medium.
 * Printers, scanners, plotters, and copy machines - Most of these devices utilize stepper motors. They are used primarily to position the print head or optics on an (X,Y) coordinate system. One motor positions on the X axis and the other positions on the Y axis.
 * CNC machines, routers, scanners, lathes etc - Used for X/Y/Z positioning of heads.

title: Robotics/Stepper Motors


text:
User:Birbal Kumawat

Noun Phrase is such a phrase that has generally a noun or a pronoun as the  head word (the obligatory element)  and it may have one or more modifiers ( such as adjective, determiner, PP, Rcl etc)  as optional element. The subject part in all the following clauses signify a noun phrase : I. Boys are here. II. The boys are here. III. All the boys are here. IV. All the good boys are here. V. All the good boys from rural India are here. VI. All the good boys from rural India who are much ambitious are here. The subject part of all these clauses are noun phrases and "boys" is the head word in all these NPs. All other words, PP and the Rcl are the modifiers in the concerned noun phrase. In the above clauses noun phrase has been given only for convenience. As a general rule NP can do the following functions within the clause and out of the clause.: I. Subject As it has been given above. II. Subject Complement She is a teacher. III. Object Complement She made me a teacher. IV. Direct Object He helped me. V. Indirect object She gave me a book. VI. Prepositional complement He lives in this house. VII. Post -modifier in Noun Phrase Ravi, my brother, is a good boy.

title: User:Birbal Kumawat


text:
User:Carhutt/Salvatore Lanzetti

Salvatore Lanzetti (1710 – 1780) was an Italian cellist and composer of the late Baroque and early Classical era.

Life and career
Salvatore Lanzetti was a student at the Conservatorio Santa Maria di Loreto in Naples. He was first employed in Lucca, where he worked with Francesco Maria Veracini. In 1727 he entered the service of Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia at the court of Turin, where he again worked from 1760 until his death. From 1739 to 1754 Lanzetti worked in Paris and London. He gave concerts in Sicily, Paris (at the Concert Spirituel in May 1736), and Germany.

Lanzetti was a virtuoso cellist who contributed to several developments in cello technique, including difficult uses of the bow, double-stops, complex fingering, and using the thumb as a "capotasto".

Works

 * 12 Cello sonatas Op. 1 (1750, Paris)
 * 6 Cello sonatas Op. 2 (1754, London)
 * 6 Cello sonatas Op. 5 (undated, Paris)
 * Other Sonatas in Manuscript

title: User:Carhutt/Salvatore Lanzetti


text:
turlough

Etymology
From +.

Noun

 * 1)  A temporary lake in an area of limestone, filled by rising groundwater during the rainy winter season.

title: turlough


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Lower Saxony/Task Force/Boroughs

 * Task Force/Boroughs:Saxony's members/parents are free from any Boroughs, approve by Task Force and rights Assessments


text:
Brodo di Cagne Strategico

Brodo Di Cagne Strategico (translated: Strategic Bitches Brew) is an EP by the Italian experimental rock band Starfuckers, released in 1991.

Track list
From Discogs.
 * 1) Saturazione
 * 2) Freddo cancro bianco
 * 3) Calma piatta
 * 4) Conseguenze
 * 5) Saturazione pt. II
 * 6) Strategie operative

Line up
Manuele Giannini: voice, guitar, amplifiers, turntables

Roberto Bertacchini: drums

Gianni Ginesi: guitar, amplifier

Gianfranco Verdaschi: guitar, amplifier

Paolo Casini: bass (2)

Mauro Vasoli: bass (1-4-6)

Paolo Vasoli: saxophones (2-3-4-5-6)

title: Brodo di Cagne Strategico


text:
Talk:Jennifer Malat

Malat
Kenapa namamu Malat apakah kamu keturunan Indonesia <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:34, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

Malat
Kenapa namamu Malat apakah kamu keturunan Indonesia <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:34, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jennifer Malat


text:
Talk:Emborough Quarries

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Emborough Quarries. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110719141821/http://www.npl.utexas.edu/vpl/databases/index.php?page=1&page_size=10&mode=search&action=search_record&searchtype=&specimen_id=37487&taxon=&locality=Emborough%20Quarry&county=&state=&specid=&geol_form=&epoch=&site_no=&showimage=&geog=&country=&others=&geol=&epoch=&period=&age=&era=&strat=&formation=&group=&horizon=&member=&sorted_by= to http://www.npl.utexas.edu/vpl/databases/index.php?page=1&page_size=10&mode=search&action=search_record&searchtype=&specimen_id=37487&taxon=&locality=Emborough%20Quarry&county=&state=&specid=&geol_form=&epoch=&site_no=&showimage=&geog=&country=&others=&geol=&epoch=&period=&age=&era=&strat=&formation=&group=&horizon=&member=&sorted_by=
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20061013122041/http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000098.pdf to http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000098.pdf

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:28, 23 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Emborough Quarries


text:
Rečane

Rečane may refer to:

 * Rečane, Prizren, a village in Prizren Municipality
 * Rečane, Suva Reka, a village in Suva Reka Municipality
 * Rečane, Gostivar, a village in Gostivar Municipality, North Macedonia

title: Rečane


text:
Monkey Man (Rolling Stones song)

"Monkey Man" is a song by English rock band the Rolling Stones, featured as the eighth track on their 1969 album Let It Bleed.

Composition and recording
Mick Jagger and Keith Richards wrote "Monkey Man" as a tribute to Italian pop artist Mario Schifano, whom they met on the set of his movie Umano Non Umano! (Human, Not Human!). Recorded in April 1969, the song's introduction features distinctive vibraphone, bass, guitar, and piano. Richards plays main riff and slide guitar solo, Jagger provides vocals, producer Jimmy Miller plays tambourine, Nicky Hopkins plays piano, Charlie Watts provides drums, while Bill Wyman plays vibraphone and bass. Wyman's vibraphone is mixed onto the left channel together with Hopkins' piano.

Classic Rock History critic Matthew Pollard rated "Monkey Man" as the Rolling Stones' 9th best deep cut, particularly praising the "vibraphone chimes at the beginning [that] give the song its espionage-esque vibes, and Richards’ awesome slide solo

Personnel

 * Mick Jagger – vocals
 * Keith Richards – guitars, backing vocals
 * Bill Wyman – bass guitar, vibraphone
 * Charlie Watts – drums
 * Nicky Hopkins – piano
 * Jimmy Miller – tambourine

Live performances
The Rolling Stones performed "Monkey Man" often on their 1994–1995 Voodoo Lounge Tour. A recording from their 2002/03 Licks Tour is included on Live Licks (2004).

Sampling
The distinctive piano progression in the introduction is used as the opening theme "Playing With Fire" on the Stereo MCs' 1992 album Connected.

title: Monkey Man (Rolling Stones song)


text:
Wikibooks:Feature Requests

A list of bugs and feature requests specific to Wikibooks. To file one of the bugs/requests below directly with developers (and to see other bugs and feature requests), please see Mediazilla.

Leading colon bug?
The colon ":", where it is the first item in a line, performs an indent function. However, this is no longer the case if it is placed at the front of the very first line in a module. It used to work (all of my German advanced lessons started with an indented instructions paragraph; now they all start with ":This page..."), but just recently ceased working. Functionality is returned if a blank line is added before the line that begins with a colon. Is this a bug or a new quirk? - Marsh 02:27, 28 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Templates and interwiki links
Are interwiki links not allowed in mediawiki messages? I have placed

On some talk pages, and it clearly doesn't work right, though it displays fine at Template:Meritbadgedisclaimer. TUF-KAT 20:11, 28 Feb 2004 (UTC)

I noticed that headings don't get carried forward from mediawiki pages, but i dunno if thats it. Use this code instead, it works as below: The requirements to this merit badge are copyrighted by the Boy Scouts of America. They are reproduced in part here under fair use looks like
 * The requirements to this merit badge are copyrighted by the Boy Scouts of America. They are reproduced in part here under fair use.

Bug : MSIE runtime errors
I keep getting runtime errors when browsing Wikibooks in MSIE: "addcss not defined". It's usually around line 18 of whatever it is causing the error, but sometimes it reports other numbers like 17. I haven't gotten this on any other Wikimedia sites, just Wikibooks. Wikisource, Wikiquote, etc. all load normally. I have the problem on every page of Wikibooks, though. :( --Furrykef 19:22, 25 May 2004 (UTC)

Bug : "Editing help" popup window is too small
I just looked at "Editing help" for a refresher on something. The window that popped up was smaller than I would like and it was set such that I could not resize it. I don't have any idea how hard it is to change such things (is it embedded in the MediaWiki code?), but I thought I'd note my experience. (...and I really like the MediaWiki's new look!) --Rs2 17:31, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * What browser/OS are you using? Sj

Bug : User login message
The message at the user login page below the "Mail me a new password" button is not shown properly: the anchor tags are seen (altough the links are clickable):

To register, just select a username and password and click "Create new account". For tips on choosing a username, see the Username page. Please pick a readable name, not just a number.

If you need more information about logging in, see the How to log in page.

Returning users only need to fill in their username and password.

You must have cookies enabled to log in to Wikibooks.

--surueña 08:23, 2005 Apr 14 (UTC)

Bug : SVG image rendering issue
Not sure whether this is a bug on the Wiki systems, or whether it's perhaps a bug with the Chrome internet browser.

I've created a template using the following code.

After a while, after using the template a little, all of a sudden, the SVG images just stop appearing, both in template, and where the template has been used. However, if I change the pixel size of one of the images, from being 15px to something else in template code, all of a sudden the images start to appear in the template code (even the other image that still has its size set at 15px). However, the places where the template is used, still don't have their images showing (even though the images appear when viewing the template [preview]). To get the images to appear in the places where the template is used, I've found that all I need to do, is add code to display the SVG image at a resolution other than 15px. Then all of a sudden the template references start to work properly.

After the images start to work, the measures just described used to 'jig' it back into working, can be undone, and the images work fine. However, after a while, the bug reappears and the images just stop appearing again. Performing the measures again 'jig' it back into working, but then again it stops working after a while.

Because of the above 'strange' behaviour, I'm strongly suspecting that this is in fact a bug, rather than something I'm doing wrongly. Perhaps it could be some kind of caching issue?

 * System on which issue was found:
 * Internet browser: Google Chrome.
 * Operating system: ChromeOS, version 76.0.3809.136 (Official Build) (64-bit).
 * Computer: Acer Chrome C720 series.

ADDENDUM This issue seems to be fixed if permanently changing the resolution to 20px (as suggested by Mrjulesd). Probably a scaling issue at Wikibooks's end? --MarkJFernandes (discuss • contribs) 17:01, 30 April 2020 (UTC)

 * 🏆 Mrjulesd has identified the precise nature of this bug/issue, and suggested a workaround. Details are in his following message:

 * Yeah I think I've found the problem in the HTML coding, this is the img tag for the thumb up icon:

 * The problem is the srcset attribute: one of the icons it accesses (depending on the scaling) is https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Thumbs_up_font_awesome.svg/24px-Thumbs_up_font_awesome.svg.png, and that happens to be a blank. So not a direct problem with the MediaWiki software, but a problem with the dataset of images that it tries to accesses from Commons, where there is a missing image.

 * One work-around would be to access a different icon, there's a definite problem with this one, depending on browser scaling. It might be worth mentioning on Phabricator, if it hasn't been reported before. Jules  (Mrjulesd) 10:37, 1 May 2020 (UTC)

Bug: Relative URLs are not permitted in the links set for images
Not 100% sure this is a bug, but for the sake of uniformity, it seems that relative URLs should be allowed in the links set for images, like how they are allowed for links set for text. I'm not a master in Wikibooks editing, so perhaps the issue is more to do with my lack of knowledge. Anyway, being able to set relative URLs for images is useful if you are using an image for an icon. That's what I've been doing, because otherwise the colour scheme for hyperlinked text can ruin the visual aesthetics in a book. If this isn't a bug, please categorise this under feature requests, as it is desirable that this feature be implemented.

--MarkJFernandes (discuss • contribs) 11:59, 17 April 2020 (UTC)

Searching within a book
How do I restrict a search to just one book? JWSchmidt 14:31, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * There is no way at present to search inside one book. You could approximate it by including the title of the book in your search, but there's no way to limit a search like that. TUF-KAT 22:10, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * The books at the Entrez Bookshelf have a nice search function. I'm not sure it will be possible to have multiple contributors construct a complex science or technical book without having useful search and indexing for the books. JWSurf 00:20, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I totally agree that we need to have a book-specific search capability. That was part of my argument when the site first started to have the pages structured with the name of the book like this: wiki/bookname/partofbook. However even though motion has not been in that direction, eventually we should have a book-speficic function. For example, now with the MediaWiki Table of Contents feature, each page of each book would have a tag in it linking it back to the TOC, and new software could limit searches to the pages containing that tag. However, we need to wait for the developers to do the work. Those guys are not paid as far as I know and are overwhelmed with work already... but in time it should happen (Karl being hopeful although without specific personal experience with how development process works). --Karl Wick

 * I don't know that any developer-time has been devoted to designing such a feature, but there definitely needs to be a standard "Search within this book" interface option, even if it is imperfect. Sj 22:16, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Searches can be restricted to a single book by using the  option at the end of the search field. For example, searching for   finds all pages in the History of Rail Transport that mention Stephenson. More information at WB:SEARCH. — Sam Wilson ( Talk • Contribs ) … 23:23, 10 March 2014 (UTC)

Automatic Numbering
Is there a way to do automatic equation numbering? It'd certainly be useful for the maths, and many of the science, books to be able to say 'see eq. 1.4c' (the third numbered equation in section 1.4) but trying to do that by hand is problematic. I'd probably end up with equation labels in the wrong order, and references that didn't match the referents. Using # doesn't work Carandol

 * No, there isn't. Sorry... You can manually hack in TeX but it isn't pretty. Dysprosia 06:48, 21 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Book-specific Layour Features
The Wiki software doesn't seem to have anything specific to writing books. Is any developer working on adding support? As I understand it, even adding a TOC for all the pages in a book has to be done manually. Norman Weiner
 * Any progress on this? Specifications of desired features?  Sj 05:50, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Tags & external program for image generation
It would be good idea to have an image tag similar to the math tag. It would make images editable, with the commands inside the tag being processed by an external program to make pngs. Most of the pictures in books are vector graphics anyway, and this would also help keep source files for a book in one place. Comments? Norman Weiner

 * What do you mean? Like something for SVG? You might want to take feature requests to Sourceforge. Dysprosia 06:06, 24 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * It wouldn't have to be SVG. Currently, the math tag contains TeX markup.  We could have markup for a graphics program inside a graphics tag.  I was hoping that someone in charge here at wikibooks would take it up with the sourceforge developers if there is a consensus.  A single request there probably wouldn't be noticed.  Norman Weiner
 * Certainly both this, and automatic numbering would be useful for the more technical books. Wikibooks could use Gnuplot and/or SVG for graphs and diagrams, and support some of Latex's autonumbering features. What would it take to get this adopted? Carandol
 * What it would take is for someone to check in the code in sourceforge. The math module seems to be a standalone one written in ocaml (!). Norman Weiner

Is there currently a standard program/style for creating diagrams for math/science books? I have looked, and not found any. magefile
 * My programming skills are too rudimentary to do anything the code. I suppose all we can do is put the requests in and see if anyone follows them up. Carandol

Entry Forms / Online Quizzes
It would be nice for the Mediawiki engine to allow simple form creation (popup lists, textboxes, radio buttons) that could eventually be used for things like crude online quizzes or quick entry forms. --DougHolton 21:30, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

Random Page in Current Language
While the "Random Module" feature is nice, I have encountered several pages in languages other than my own. I'd recommend making an option in the preferences to limit the Random Page to the current language.

--Eibwen 06:08, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Hide Own Contributions
Another useful filter would be to hide your own contributions -- particularly when you've authored many of the pages listed on the Recent changes page.

--Eibwen 22:20, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Link previews when hovering over links
Wikipedia has a really good feature of displaying small previews of linked-to Wikipedia articles, when hovering over any one such hyperlink. The feature seems to be unavailable in Wikibooks. I suggest that this feature be implemented such that link previews automatically happen at least for links to Wikipedia articles.

--MarkJFernandes (discuss • contribs) 13:53, 15 April 2020 (UTC)

Include a book's formatting skin with a book
Sometimes books come with artwork and decoration, that sometimes is also functional. To this end, the selected colour scheme for things like headings and hyperlinks may be an important aspect of the aesthetic decoration as well as of the functional properties of the book. Currently, it appears that you cannot override the colours set for links. I suggest that you permit book formatting skins, published alongside the books—if users then wish to override the book's custom skin, that's fine.

Figured out that you can in fact customise the colours of links at the wikibook authoring end—see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link_color#Styling_individual_links_on_a_page. Therefore, this feature request is no longer needed.

--MarkJFernandes (discuss • contribs) 11:29, 27 April 2020 (UTC)

More efficient and effective legal notices
Every time I perform a page edit, there is a legal statement about the licence and terms that apply. Because such texts are liable to change at any time, each time I perform a page edit, I ought to check to make sure the text hasn't changed since last time. This can be expensive for users. It's true that I could just copy the text, and then do a browser search to see whether the text is exactly the same, but that is also a penalty hit (for users). What would be better, is if the legal notice is displayed just once, and then perhaps there is a checkbox that you check, to instruct Wikibooks not to display the notice except if it changes.

The same also applies to uploads, although uploads are probably handled by Wikimedia Commons rather than Wikibooks.

Most website user agreements are terrible. So don't feel so bad if I criticise your agreements. Anyway, it is a fantastic thing that you have one user agreement across many sites. You should keep this practice up and adopt it as much as possible. It means users often don't have to keep on reading a new agreement when switching to a sister site. Also, another good thing is that you don't frequently update your terms and conditions. This also saves the work users have to expend to use your sites.

If you change your terms and conditions, and there was exactly one previous agreement, you should draw-up two new documents: one document should be simply the new agreement; the other document should be a short amendment document, that simply amends the previous agreement in order to fully inform users of the new agreement, whilst at the same time reducing their overall work in the scenario that they have processed the previous agreement. The user can then choose which document they process, both documents equating to essentially the same user agreement. The same principle applies when several historic versions of the agreement exist. Do not create a 'fluffy' non-legally-binding document that describes the way the agreement has changed. Such documents are generally useless apart from getting a rough idea of how things have changed. And when you can instead create a legally-binding amendment document, that is so much better than such 'fluffy' documents. Always think, how much work will users need to conduct, to get up and running as quickly as possible.

Your legal agreements should go through many iterations in the drafting process, with each iteration simplifying the terms, and improving its readability and usability. Don't think in terms of creating a 'utopia' in writing, but instead in terms of creating a 'utopia' in practice. Many websites and companies make the mistake of creating a 'utopia' in writing, and they often end-up with huge agreements that most people probably ignore. Examples of such companies: Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, Microsoft. The purpose of the user agreement is not to tell a story about who you are. Cut the fluff out. The user agreement's purpose is to be a legal contract specifying the legal relationship to get users up and running as quickly as possible.

You should think in terms of shifting the work from the user end, to the provider end, in respect of terms and conditions. This is because, with a poorly written agreement, and a large user base (perhaps a million users), the overall amount of contract-related work conducted by both users and the provider combined, is generally much higher than the work involved in writing good agreements and in the users processing a well-written agreement.

MarkJFernandes (discuss • contribs) 09:38, 6 May 2020 (UTC)
 * In fact I don't think we've changed our license in very many years. Most of the sisters do use the same license (Wikinews being the only exception I know of, because the nature of news calls for it to be more widely disseminable), and I've heard talk in recent years that many sisters would like to upgrade to the new version (from 3.0 to 4.0?) but there turn out to be compatibility issues between the old and new.  There the notices get displayed is, I believe, dictated by Wikimedia Legal, who I've the general impression may tend to professional paranoia. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 12:42, 6 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Btw, as this page is marked "historical", I suggest we pull up all of this and move it to one of the reading rooms. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 12:47, 6 May 2020 (UTC)
 * 👍 to moving content to reading rooms. Because of copyright issues, we should probably use transclusion rather than copy-and-paste (out of respect for the contributions of the other authors). If you don't do it, I'll probably end-up doing it one of these days. Thanks. 🙏
 * 👍 to moving content to reading rooms. Because of copyright issues, we should probably use transclusion rather than copy-and-paste (out of respect for the contributions of the other authors). If you don't do it, I'll probably end-up doing it one of these days. Thanks. 🙏

MarkJFernandes (discuss • contribs) 17:03, 6 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Wikibooks:Feature Requests


text:
User:Jarret fernandes/sandbox

== Jarret Stevan Anthony Fernandes ==

Jarret Stevan Anthony Fernandes (Lord Jarret) is an awesome guy.

title: User:Jarret fernandes/sandbox


text:
Ansouis

Ansouis (Ansoís) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

Geography
Ansouis is located between the Luberon massif and the Durance river.

History
A fortress was first built in the city in the 10th century, and has since been modified three times: once in the 13th century and again in the 15th and 19th centuries.

Ansouis is classified as one of The Most Beautiful Villages in France.

Demographics
The population, after peaking at 1,029 people in 1841, declined to only 463 people in 1931. It has since rebounded to 1,105 in 2006.

title: Ansouis


text:
decedo

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to withdraw, retire, depart, leave or go away
 * 2) to desert or abandon, give up, resign, forego; yield
 * 3) to yield, make way, step aside
 * 4) to die
 * 5) to subside
 * 6) to disappear
 * 1) to die
 * 2) to subside
 * 3) to disappear
 * 1) to disappear

title: decedo


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/North Star Writers Group (2nd nomination)

The result was   keep. Article's subject is found to be notable. — Coffee //  have a cup  //  beans  // 01:25, 4 March 2015 (UTC)

North Star Writers Group
AfDs for this article:
 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Nonnotable now-defunct syndicate. While it had a handful of notable writers, it does not appear that the syndicate itself ever received any coverage outside of press releases. Original closure was a non-admin closure. Thargor Orlando (talk) 16:26, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Keep per sources being available to improve the article. It not being done does not equate to a deletion rationale. The previous non-admin close was not flawed.  Schmidt,  Michael Q. 06:32, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Where are the specific sources about the group? Google searches are not sources. Thargor Orlando (talk) 14:48, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * You might say "All writers syndicates will have Google Hits, since their name is included in the bylines of their published articles as a matter of regular business. But Wikipedia only covers notable writers syndicates. What shows this to be notable compared to any other writers syndicate?" -- Green  C  12:48, 25 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Michigan-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 16:38, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of News media-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 16:38, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Business-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 16:38, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, j⚛e deckertalk 03:44, 17 February 2015 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, -- Sam Sing! 13:08, 24 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Keep per MQS - There's lots of sources that can used!, - Once this is kept you would need to click on every one of those links and add it to the article. – Davey 2010 Talk 16:01, 24 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Cookbook:Cuisines

The Cuisine pages are primarily intended to be descriptions of various national and ethnic cuisines, grouped by region of origin.

While many of the cuisine pages may contain a list of recipes names associated with that cuisine, these lists are intended to be manually curated by contributors and do not usually contain a comprehensive list of all recipes in the Cookbook related to that particular cuisine. For a complete, automatically generated, list of recipes which have been categorized, on their individual pages, as being a recipe from a particular area see Recipes by origin.

For a complete, automatically generated, alphabetical list of pages which have been categorized, on their individual pages, as being a subcategory of the main Cuisines page see Cuisines.

For descriptions of cuisines from various areas, please see each regional page, listed below.

 * African cuisines
 * East Asian cuisines
 * European cuisines
 * Mediterranean cuisines
 * Middle Eastern cuisines
 * North American cuisines (including the Caribbean)
 * Pacific cuisines (including Australia and New Zealand)
 * South American cuisines
 * South Asian cuisines
 * Southeast Asian cuisines

 * Fusion cuisines
 * Special diets

Kochbuch/ Länderküche Livre de cuisine/Recettes par pays ספר מתכונים/המטבח האתני Kookboek/Keukens

title: Cookbook:Cuisines


text:
Andrew Louw (umpire)

Andrew Louw (born August 18, 1987) is a Namibian cricket umpire and former international cricketer.

As a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler, he represented the Namibian under-19 side at the 2006 Under-19 World Cup, and subsequently played a single first-class match for the senior Namibian national team, against KwaZulu-Natal Inland in 2009. Louw made his first-class umpiring debut in April 2013, and has since officiated in limited-overs and Twenty20 matches.

His father, Wynand Louw, is also an umpire, and has been on the ICC Associates and Affiliates Umpire Panel since 2013. The pair officiated a 12-a-side game between Namibia A and Kenya in November 2014, and also stood together in a 20-over match between Namibia and Hong Kong in May 2015, which had full Twenty20 status.

On 20 May 2019, he stood in his first Twenty20 International (T20I) match, between Kenya and Nigeria in Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament in Uganda.

title: Andrew Louw (umpire)


text:
Expected mean squares

In statistics, expected mean squares (EMS) are the expected values of certain statistics arising in partitions of sums of squares in the analysis of variance (ANOVA). They can be used for ascertaining which statistic should appear in the denominator in an F-test for testing a null hypothesis that a particular effect is absent.

Definition
When the total corrected sum of squares in an ANOVA is partitioned into several components, each attributed to the effect of a particular predictor variable, each of the sums of squares in that partition is a random variable that has an expected value. That expected value divided by the corresponding number of degrees of freedom is the expected mean square for that predictor variable.

Example
The following example is from Longitudinal Data Analysis by Donald Hedeker and Robert D. Gibbons.

Each of s treatments (one of which may be a placebo) is administered to a sample of (capital) N randomly chosen patients, on whom certain measurements $ Y_{hij} $ are observed at each of (lower-case) n specified times, for $ h=1,\ldots,s, \quad i=1,\ldots,N_h $  (thus the numbers of patients receiving different treatments may differ), and $ j=1,\ldots, n.$  We assume the sets of patients receiving different treatments are disjoint, so patients are nested within treatments and not crossed with treatments. We have

 * $$ Y_{hij} = \mu + \gamma_h + \tau_j + (\gamma\tau)_{hj} + \pi_{i(h)} + \varepsilon_{hij} $$

where

 * $$\mu$$ = grand mean, (fixed)
 * $$\gamma_h$$ = effect of treatment $$h$$, (fixed)
 * $$\tau_j$$ = effect of time $$j$$, (fixed)
 * $$(\gamma\tau)_{hj}$$ = interaction effect of treatment $$h$$ and time $$j$$, (fixed)
 * $$\pi_{i(h)}$$ = individual difference effect for patient $$i$$ nested within treatment $$h$$, (random)
 * $$\varepsilon_{hij}$$ = error for patient $$i$$ in treatment $$h$$ at time $$j$$. (random)
 * $$\sigma_\pi^2$$ = variance of the random effect of patients nested within treatments,
 * $$\sigma_\varepsilon$$ = error variance.

The total corrected sum of squares is

 * $$ \sum_{hij} (Y_{hij} - \overline Y)^2 \quad\text{where } \overline Y = \frac 1 n \sum_{hij} Y_{hij}. $$

The ANOVA table below partitions the sum of squares (where $ N = \sum_h N_h $ ):

Use in F-tests
A null hypothesis of interest is that there is no difference between effects of different treatments—thus no difference among treatment means. This may be expressed by saying $ D_\text{Tr}=0, $ (with the notation as used in the table above). Under this null hypothesis, the expected mean square for effects of treatments is $ \sigma_\varepsilon^2 + n \sigma_\pi^2. $

The numerator in the F-statistic for testing this hypothesis is the mean square due to differences among treatments, i.e. it is $ \left. \text{SS}_\text{Tr} \right/(s-1). $ The denominator, however, is not $ \left. \text{SS}_\text{E}\right/ \big( (N-s)(n-1) \big). $ The reason is that the random variable below, although under the null hypothesis it has an F-distribution, is not observable—it is not a statistic—because its value depends on the unobservable parameters $ \sigma_\pi^2 $  and $ \sigma_\varepsilon^2. $

 * $$ \frac{\left.\frac{\text{SS}_\text{Tr}}{\sigma_\varepsilon^2 + n\sigma_\pi^2} \right/(s-1)}{ \left. \frac{\text{SS}_\text{E}}{\sigma_\varepsilon^2} \right/ \big( (N-s)(n-1) \big)} \ne \frac{\text{SS}_\text{Tr}/(s-1)}{\text{SS}_\text{E}/\big((N-s)(n-1)\big)} $$

Instead, one uses as the test statistic the following random variable that is not defined in terms of $ \text{SS}_\text{E}$ :

 * $$ F = \frac{\left.\frac{\text{SS}_\text{Tr}}{\sigma_\varepsilon^2 + n\sigma_\pi^2} \right/(s-1)}{ \left. \frac{\text{SS}_{\text{S}(\text{Tr})}}{\sigma_\varepsilon^2+ n\sigma_\pi^2} \right/ (N-s)} = \frac{\left. \text{SS}_\text{Tr} \right/(s-1)}{ \left. \text{SS}_\text{S(Tr)} \right/ (N-s)} $$

title: Expected mean squares


text:
Talk:High School Mathematics Extensions/Set Theory and Infinite Processes/Solutions

Oh nice, very good work. Actually this chapter of the book was not written by me. Maybe you can contribute in a greater capacity. Xiaodai 14:40, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I will try to put up all the answers to the exercises. I already have 90% of the answers on a notebook for the matrices and generators chapters. Mmartin 18:15, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh really! Great work. Actually how did you find the material in this book? Hard or not too hard? Xiaodai 03:31, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I found the material in the book usually not too difficult to understand as long as you read all the text very carefully and sometimes make some extra calculation to make sure you understand it. The only real problem I've had so far is that I didn't know the method of partial fractions. Another problem was that I couldn't follow the last part of the matrices chapter about Diagonalization at all. Although I am of course not an average high school student because I have already had an introduction course to cryptography on a university. Mmartin 08:30, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Ok, thanks for the feedback. I will not be able to start work on the method of partial fractions anytime soon so you might like to ask a friend for that. As for the diagonalization part, it's perhaps the most difficult part to follow i must agree, cos it requires a train of thoughts to understand it properly, i hope some examples will help. I will try to explain it better. Xiaodai 07:22, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
Aros/Developer/Zune

Introduction
version muimaster.library is 19 for 3.8 is 20 for 3.9 is   for 4.0  dynamic tabs simplification

Zune is an object-oriented GUI toolkit. It is nearly a clone (at both API and Look&Feel level) of MUI, a well-known Amiga shareware product by Stefan Stuntz. Therefore, MUI developers will feel at home here, while others will discover the concepts and qualities that Zune shares with MUI.

The programmer has a much easier time to design its GUI: no need for hardcoded values, Zune is font-sensitive, and adapts to any window size due to its layout system. He/she mostly needs to only specify the semantic of its GUI to Zune, which will arrange the low-level details automatically.

Zune is based on the BOOPSI system, the framework inherited from AmigaOS (TM) for object-oriented programming in C. Zune classes does not derive from existing BOOPSI gadget classes; instead, the Notify class (base class of the Zune hierarchy) derives from the BOOPSI root class.

 * Many AROS GUI components (windows, requesters, gadgets, images) are now programmed in an object-oriented way, using the BOOPSI/Zune toolkit.
 * Every such component is created as an object, not as a pointer to a system structure. That means no more filling structures with data.
 * Objects are manipulated using methods and by passing tags via the SetAttrs function.

Creating Prefs from scratch with using our Zune Prefs classes.

A good introduction to the BOOPSI system is the Chapter 12, "BOOPSI - Object-oriented Intuition" on-line here. Here BOOPSI NewObject has been replaced by MUI_NewObject, DisposeObject becomes MUI_DisposeObject, etc.

Prerequisites
Some knowledge of OOP is more than welcome.

Knowing AROS APIs and concepts like taglists and BOOPSI is essential. As Zune is a MUI clone, all the documentation pertaining to MUI is applicable to Zune. In particular, the latest available MUI developer kit and MUI autodocs can be found at here. In this LHA archive, 2 documents are warmly recommended:

MUIdev.guide, the MUI programmer documentation and PSI.c source code, demonstrating Zune practices like OOP and dynamic object creation

Zune basics and conventions
MUI (= Zune) sticks a prefix on the start to signify what is being access/changed:

 * MUIA_ attribute
 * MUIM_ method
 * MUIV_ special values

Class
A class is defined by its name, its parent class and a dispatcher.

name: either a string for the public classes, so that they may be used by any program in the system, or none if its a private class used only by a single application.

parent class: all BOOPSI classes are forming a hierarchy rooted at the class aptly named rootclass. It allows each subclass to implement its own version of specific parent operation, or to fall back on the one provided by its parent. Also known as base class or super class.

dispatcher: it gives access to all operations (called methods) provided by this class, ensuring that each operation is handled by the proper code or passed to its super class.

BOOPSI type for a class is Class * also known as IClass.

Object
An object is an instance of class: each object has its specific data, but all objects of the same class share the same behavior. An object has several classes if we count the parents of its true class (the most derived one) up to the rootclass.

BOOPSI type for an object is Object *. It has no field you can directly access.

When a Zune object is created and destroyed several methods are called: OM_NEW MUIM_Setup MUIM_AskMinMax [ window is opened here ] MUIM_Show MUIM_Draw MUIM_Hide [ window is closed here ] MUIM_Cleanup OM_DISPOSE If the documentation says that something is only valid between setup and cleanup it means that the first place where you can use it is the setup method and you aren't allowed to use it after cleanup.

Attribute
An attribute is related to the instance data of each object: you can not access these data directly, you can only set or get the attributes provided by an object to modify its internal state. An attribute is implemented as a Tag (ULONG value or'ed with TAG_USER).

GetAttr and SetAttrs are used to modify an object's attributes.

Attributes can be one or more of the following:

Initialization-settable (I) : the attribute can be given as parameter at the object creation.

Settable (S) : You can set this attribute at any time (or at least, not only creation).

Gettable (G) : You can get the value of this attribute.

Method
A BOOPSI method is a function which receives as parameters an object, a class and a message:

object: the object you act on

class: the considered class for this object.

message: contains a method ID which determines the function to call within a dispatcher, and is followed by its parameters.

To send a message to an object, use DoMethod. It will use the true class first. If the class implements this method, it will handle it. Else it will try its parent class, until the message is handled or the rootclass is reached (in this case, the unknown message is silently discarded).

Summary, before a method can act on an object, it needs a BOOPSI message Function                    BOOPSI Method

NewObject                 OM_NEW DisposeObject             OM_DISPOSE SetAttrs/SetGadgetAttrs OM_SET GetAttr                   OM_GET

BOOPSI Examples
Let's see basic examples of this OOP framework:

Getting an attribute We'll query a MUI String object for its content:

Object * is the type of BOOPSI objects. IPTR must be used for the type of the result, which can be an integer or a pointer. An IPTR is always written in memory, so using a smaller type would lead to memory corruption! Here we query a MUI String object for its content: MUIA_String_Contents, as any other attribute, is a ULONG (it's a Tag) Zune applications use more often the get and XGET macros instead: Setting an attribute Let's change the content of our string: Pointers parameters must be casted to IPTR to avoid warnings. After the object parameter, a taglist is passed to SetAttrs and thus must end with TAG_DONE. You'll find the set macro useful: But it's only with SetAttrs that you can set several attributes at once: Calling a method Let's see the most called method in a Zune program, the event processing method called in your main loop: Parameters are not a taglist, and thus don't end with TAG_DONE. You have to cast pointers to IPTR to avoid warnings.

"Hello world" example sourcecode
Screenshot 'Hello World'

Remarks/General
We don't manually open libraries, it's done automatically for us.

GUI creation
We use a macro-based language to easily build our GUI. A Zune application has always 1 and only 1 Application object:

An application can have 0, 1 or more Window objects. Most often a single one:

Be nice, give a title to the window:

A window must have 1 and only 1 child, usually a group. This one is vertical, that means that its children will be arranged vertically:

A group must have at least 1 child, here it's just a text:

Zune accepts various escape codes (here, to center the text) and newlines:

An End macro must match every xxxObject macro (here, TextObject):

Let's add a second child to our group, a button! With a keyboard shortcut o indicated by an underscore:

Finish the group:

Finish the window:

Finish the application:

So, who still needs a GUI builder? :-)

Error handling
If any of the object in the application tree can't be created, Zune destroys all the objects already created and application creation fails. If not, you have a fully working application:

When you're done, just call MUI_DisposeObject on your application object to destroy all the objects currently in the application, and free all the resources:

Notifications
Notifications are the simplest way to react on events. The principle? We want to be notified when a certain attribute of a certain object is set to a certain value:

 * DoMethod(wnd, MUIM_Notify, MUIA_Window_CloseRequest, TRUE,

Here we'll listen to the MUIA_Window_CloseRequest of our Window object and be notified whenever this attribute is set to TRUE. So what happens when a notification is triggered? A message is sent to an object, here we tell our Application to return MUIV_Application_ReturnID_Quit on the next event loop iteration:

 * (IPTR)app, 2,
 * MUIM_Application_ReturnID, MUIV_Application_ReturnID_Quit);

As we can specify anything we want here, we have to tell the number of extra parameters we are supplying to MUIM_Notify: here, 2 parameters.

For the button, we listen to its MUIA_Pressed attribute: it's set to FALSE whenever the button is being released (reacting when it's pressed is bad practice, you may want to release the mouse outside of the button to cancel your action - plus we want to see how it looks when it's pressed). The action is the same as the previous, send a message to the application:

 * DoMethod(but, MUIM_Notify, MUIA_Pressed, FALSE,
 * (IPTR)app, 2,
 * MUIM_Application_ReturnID, MUIV_Application_ReturnID_Quit);

Opening the window
Windows aren't open until you ask them to:

 * set(wnd, MUIA_Window_Open, TRUE);

If all goes well, your window should be displayed at this point. But it can fail! So don't forget to check by querying the attribute, which should be TRUE:

 * if (XGET(wnd, MUIA_Window_Open))

Main loop
Let me introduce you my lil' friend, the ideal Zune event loop:

 * ULONG sigs = 0;

Don't forget to initialize the signals to 0 ... The test of the loop is the MUIM_Application_NewInput method:

 * while((LONG) DoMethod(app, MUIM_Application_NewInput, (IPTR)&sigs)
 * != MUIV_Application_ReturnID_Quit)
 * != MUIV_Application_ReturnID_Quit)

It takes as input the signals of the events it has to process (result from Wait, or 0), will modify this value to place the signals Zune is waiting for (for the next Wait) and will return a value. This return value mechanism was historically the only way to react on events, but it was ugly and has been deprecated in favor of custom classes and object-oriented design.

The body of the loop is quite empty, we only wait for signals and handle Ctrl-C to break out of the loop:

Conclusion
This program gets you started with Zune, and allows you to toy with GUI design, but not more.

Notification actions
Notification allows you to respond to events your application/gui or any other object might cause. Due to the attribute and method based nature of Zune, and a few special attributes, most applications can be almost completely automated through the use of Notification(s).

As seen in hello.c, you use MUIM_Notify to call a method if a certain condition happens. If you want your application to react in a specific way to events, you can use one of these schemes:

 * Set An attribute. You can automate the passing of values from gadgets,
 * etc to other gadgets. Setting values may also trigger other notification
 * events.

 * Invoke a method, for example:
 * MUIM_Application_ReturnID: you can ask your application to return an
 * arbitrary ID on the next loop iteration, and check for the value in
 * the loop. This is the dirty old way of doing things.

 * MUIM_CallHook, to call a standard Amiga callback hook: this is an
 * average choice, not object-oriented but not that ugly either.

 * custom method: the method belongs to one of your custom class. It
 * is the best solution as it supports object-oriented design in
 * applications. It needs you to create custom classes so it may not
 * the easiest for beginners or people in a hurry.

Zune Examples/Tutorials

 * Being an AmigaOS3.x MUI clone, all AmigaOS3.x MUI code serves as example code for using AROS Zune.
 * MUI example sourcecode "PSI.c", found in MUI3.8 developer archive
 * Shinkuro's Cross-Platform Guide gives information about compatible programming on Amiga-related platforms (Amiga, AROS, MorphOS) and MUI
 * Good examples of Zune Main Classes
 * AROS itself contains lots of Zune examples. Download AROS sources and AROS contrib sources archives, take a look at the sourcecode of Zune programs. A good starting point are the Zune test programs, located in the SYS:Tests/Zune folder of AROS' binary distributions (e.g. the nightly build) - their sources can be found in the "test/Zune" folder of the AROS source archive.
 * Zune example code collection

Some other good examples are here:

 * An Introduction to AMIGA Programming Using C
 * Programming AmigaOS in C
 * Magic User Interface Programming at morphzone.org

Zune Reference

 * AROS Zune Development Manual at aros.org
 * MUI Autodocs online at sasg.com
 * MUI (=Zune) reference guide "MUIDev.guide", found in MUI3.8 developer archive
 * MUI Reference information from AmigaOS documentation can be found e.g. utilitybase.com/forum/... or at utilitybase.com/ref, it has a section on MUI. (Note: Information at that site is a little outdated, but still very helpful.) (2011-10-31: utilitybase.com currently down.)

MUIBuilder
A native build and sourceforge svn repository has been started and Aros/Developer/ZuneFurther documentation can be read. v3 is W.I.P. so it is not recommended for now.

This thread discussed using the m68k build and diff file which modifications were necessary to make it build-able under AROS.

Summary
 * added "#define MUI_OBSOLETE" to get some deprecated but needed defines
 * changed/added some #include
 * changed variable name Object to obj because Object is a type
 * changed the Hook for the callback function
 * last not least: added main.c which calls the functions to open/close the GUI.

Just go ahead and create your GUIS under any version of AROS or under amiga 68k version and do some modifications (which would be necessary for MorphOS/AmigaOS3/AmigaOS4, too).

ChocolateCastle
The binary which makes creating MUI classes and applications easier. Programmers using this system often avoid writing custom classes, being discouraged by a lot of boring and schematical typing. A significant part of a typical custom class may be generated automatically. This is usually 2 to 5 kB of source code. Automating this work speeds programming up and helps avoiding simple typing errors.

Errors
Message Solution SetAttrs is vararg version of SetAttrsA and expects a complete taglist so you must add TAG_DONE and not TAG_END. Message Solution Message undefined symbols ... KeyString Solution finally replaced KeyString(0,256,'f') by MUIA_CreateObject(MUIO_String,"f",256) Message undefined symbols... GetAttr Solution you need: #include  Message Solution Message Solution #define MUI_OBSOLETE

Zune

title: Aros/Developer/Zune


text:
Poetry/Epic poetry

Content summary
This class covers epic poems from the past to the present. There will be translations of the major works in other languages.

Unit materials

 * Study guide:

Poets and Their Works

 * Homer
 * The Illiad
 * Text to The Illiad
 * The Odyssey
 * Text to The Odyssey
 * Beowulf
 * Vyasa
 * Mahabharata
 * John Milton
 * Paradise Lost
 * Text to Paradise Lost

title: Poetry/Epic poetry


text:
Redigobius balteatus

Redigobius balteatus, the rhinohorn goby, girdled goby or skunk goby, is a species of goby native to the Sri Lanka, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, New Guinea, Madagascar, and Mozambique. This species inhabits coastal estuaries, lakes and freshwater streams. It can reach a length of 3.8 cm SL.

title: Redigobius balteatus


text:
Cheshmeh Khosrow, Razavi Khorasan

Cheshmeh Khosrow (, also Romanized as Chashmeh Khosrow) is a village in Zeberkhan Rural District, Zeberkhan District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 78, in 25 families.

title: Cheshmeh Khosrow, Razavi Khorasan


text:
Welcome to L.A.

Welcome to L.A. is a 1976 American drama musical romance film directed by Alan Rudolph and starring Keith Carradine and an ensemble cast. The film focuses on themes of romantic despair and shallowness in the decadent upper class during the 1970s, illustrated through a La Ronde-like circle of sexual adventures and failed affairs revolving around a womanizing songwriter, his businessman father, and their associates.

Plot
Celebrity musician Eric Wood plans to record an album of songs written by Carroll Barber, who has been living in England. Carroll's aging manager Susan Moore brings Carroll to Los Angeles for the recording sessions, and rents him a house from real estate agent Ann Goode. Ann is unhappily married to furniture store owner Jack Goode, who is pursuing their young housemaid, Linda Murray. Linda in turn wants a relationship with her friend Kenneth "Ken" Hood, a married young executive.

Susan expects Carroll to resume a past affair they had, but he rejects her and instead has sex with Ann when she shows him his house. Ann tries unsuccessfully to continue the affair by dropping in on Carroll at home and bringing Linda over to clean. However, Carroll shows himself to be a womanizer, seemingly incapable of connecting with anyone. He visits his wealthy father Carl, whom he has not seen in three years. Carl, with the help of Ken Hood, has built the small Barber family dairy into a major business. Carroll ends up having affairs with receptionist Jeannette and his father's photographer mistress Nona.

Ken works long hours at the Barber business and neglects his wife, Karen, a housewife and mother who is obsessed with taxi rides and the Greta Garbo film Camille. While Carroll is drinking and driving through the city, he randomly meets Karen and is drawn to her. He takes her to his home but when he tries to romance her, she reveals she is married (though not to whom) and departs. She later leaves him her telephone number, but refuses to take his repeated calls. Linda, who has moved into Carroll's spare room, invites Ken to visit her there, where he meets Ann.

Just before Christmas, Ken is thrilled to learn that Carl has made him partner in the business, but Karen is not happy that he will be spending even more time at work. On Christmas Eve, Ken gets drunk and calls Ann, but their date ends badly as Ken cannot stop thinking of his wife. Meanwhile, Jack and Linda spend the evening together, which also ends badly when Linda asks Jack for money. Jack and Ann, both disappointed, return home and have sex with each other.

An angry Susan reveals to Carroll that Eric does not like his songs, and that she and Carroll's father bribed Eric to record the album in order to get Carroll to come to Los Angeles. Susan and Carl each hoped to build their separate relationships with Carroll, only to be thwarted by his lack of response. Karen, the only person who seems to have truly piqued Carroll's interest, finally appears at his home, but just as they are about to have sex, Ken telephones, upset and looking for his wife. Upon realizing that Karen is Ken's wife and seems primarily interested in her husband, Carroll leaves while Karen and Ken are reconciling on the phone, just as Linda arrives home. Linda, eavesdropping, hears the voice of Ken, her own crush, on the phone, saying the same things to Karen about relationships that he earlier said to Linda. Linda furtively disconnects the phone, then tries to bond with Karen, who imitates Garbo in Camille. Carroll goes to the recording studio and discovers that Eric Wood has decided not to finish the album.

Cast

 * Keith Carradine as Carroll Barber
 * Sally Kellerman as Ann Goode
 * Geraldine Chaplin as Karen Hood
 * Harvey Keitel as Ken Hood
 * Lauren Hutton as Nona Bruce
 * Sissy Spacek as Linda Murray
 * Viveca Lindfors as Susan Moore
 * Denver Pyle as Carl Barber
 * John Considine as Jack Goode
 * Richard Baskin as Eric Wood
 * Allan F. Nicholls as Dana Howard
 * Cedric Scott as Faye
 * Mike E. Kaplan as Russell Linden
 * Diahnne Abbott as Jeannette Ross

Critical reception
Welcome to L.A was widely panned as an empty, vacuous, pretentious film with the music by Richard Baskin deemed especially grating. The New York Times critic Richard Eder wrote: "The songs are a particular torment. The music whines, the lyrics complain, and Mr. Carradine sings them with a kind of hushed writhing, like a worm dying at the bottom of a barrel."

John Simon called Welcome to L.A. a dumb and corrupt film. TimeOut said the film was interesting in retrospect but that "it lacks both the inspirational spontaneity of his producer and mentor Altman's best work, and the warmth of his own later films".

One of the few critics to support the film at the time was Jack Kroll of Newsweek who described the film as an "extraordinary debut" for Rudolph, continuing that the director "does a remarkable job of weaving this gallery of neurotics into a vivid pattern of sharp, distilled performances." Kroll also considered Rudolph's work with Robert Altman, "he's gone beyond even Altman's example in shaping a film from a total design concept." Furthermore, he praised Rudolph for creating a "Los Angeles that's shimmering Xanadu of psychic uncertainty. Mirrors reassemble people into soulless human collages. The swoosh of Hutton's ever-present Nikon sounds like a little guillotine beheading reality. The quavering cadences of Baskin's music evoke both the sweetness and self-indulgence of Carroll Barber. Cinematographer Dave Myers works like the new realist painters, capturing a metropolis of burnished surfaces that seems to dissolve the will in an amber nullity of light."

The Turner Classic Movies (TCM) capsule review warns, "The music score by Richard Baskin may affect your viewing pleasure." Geraldine Chaplin was nominated for a British Academy Film Award for Best Supporting Actress.

It has also been cited as an example of hyperlink cinema.

Home media
It was first released on DVD October 26, 2011.

Kino Lorber released the film on Blu-ray December 1, 2015.

title: Welcome to L.A.


text:
Talk:poor power

How is this idiomatic? Kappa 16:10, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Because poor means having limited money (not relevant), pitiable, or of low quality. But "poor power" is power insufficient to the cause, as an expression of humility; it does not say that the power is pitiable or of low quality, but quite the opposite. Lincoln is not saying his power with words is pitiable or of low quality (!), but that his immense power with words is insufficient to add or detract from the sacrifice of the soldiers there. Robert Ullmann 16:45, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
 * If it meant "immense power which just happens to be inadequate in the circumstances" that would be idiomatic but the other cites don't support that. Kappa 18:06, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

 * When I created this entry, I debated (briefly) in my own mind whether to put the tag on it or not, and decided to go with it.  I tend to take "idiom" in the RHD's sense of "an expression whose meaning is not predictable from the usual meanings of its constituent elements".  The usual meaning of "poor" is "impoverished" and that doesn't make much sense with "power."  Also, even if we take "poor" to mean "deficient," "scanty," or "modest," as it sometimes does, there is a tension between this sense and the usual sense of "power," which carries a connotation of substantialness and strength.  So the meaning is challenging to glean simply from the meanings of the component terms, and that makes it an idiom in my judgment (although not the most in-your-face idiom that ever was, to sure).  Another test I sometimes use is whether the expression would make sense to a person whose first language is not English, but who knows the component terms, and, here again, I think that kind of English speaker would tend to be puzzled by this expression. -- WikiPedant 18:22, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I'd agree that its challenging to figure out, and its not something you'd see in modern English, but the number of "challenging" two-word combinations out there is going to be pretty much infinite. Kappa 18:38, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, Kappa, it all comes down to a judgment in each case about the degree of challenge, doesn't it? I see this one as falling on the "idiom" side of the line.  But, if, in your heart of hearts, you feel an overwhelming need to delete the template, it isn't exactly worth an edit war to me.  (PS: I believe the term is still in use among educated speakers of contemporary English, at least in some circles, although it is rare.) -- WikiPedant 19:21, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:poor power


text:
Mathematical Proof/Methods of Proof/Proof by Induction

The beauty of induction is that it allows a theorem to be proven true where an infinite number of cases exist without exploring each case individually. Induction is analogous to an infinite row of dominoes with each domino standing on its end. If you want to make all the dominoes fall, you can either:
 * 1) push on the first one, wait to see what happens, and then check each domino afterwards (which may take a long time if there's an infinite number of dominoes!)
 * 2) or you can prove that if any domino falls, then it will cause the domino after it to fall. (i.e. if the first one falls then the second one will fall, and if the second one falls then the third one will fall, etc.)

Induction, essentially, is the methodology outlined in point 2.

Parts of Induction
Induction is composed of three parts:
 * 1) The Base Case (in the domino analogy, this shows the first domino will fall)
 * 2) The Induction Hypothesis (in the domino analogy, we assume that a particular domino will fall)
 * 3) The Inductive Step (in the domino analogy, we prove that the domino we assume will fall will cause the next domino to fall)

Weak Induction
Weak induction is used to show that a given property holds for all members of a countable inductive set, this usually is used for the set of natural numbers.

Weak induction for proving a statement $$P(n)$$ (that depends on $$n$$) relies on two steps:

 * $$P(n)$$ is true for a certain base step. Usually the base case is $$n=1$$ or $$n=0$$

 * $$P(k)\to P(k+1)$$. That is, if $$P(k)$$ is true, then $$P(k+1)$$ is true.

If these two properties hold, one may induce that the property holds for all elements in the set in question. Returning to the example, if you are sure that you called your neighbor, and you knew that everyone who was called in turn called his/her neighbor, then you would be guaranteed that everyone on the block had been called (assuming you had a linear block, or that it curved around nicely).

Examples
The first example of a proof by induction is always 'the sum of the first n terms:'

 * Theorem 2.4.1. For any fixed $$n\in \mathbb N,$$ $$\sum_{i=1}^{n}{i}=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}$$

 * Proof
 * Base step: $$1=\frac{1\cdot2}{2}$$, therefore the base case holds.

 * Inductive step: Assume that $$\sum_{i=0}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}$$ . Consider $$\sum_{i=1}^{n+1}i$$.

 * $$\begin{align}

\sum_{i=1}^{n+1}i&=\sum_{i=1}^ni+(n+1)=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}+n+1\\ &=\left(\frac{n}{2}+1\right)(n+1)\\ &=\frac{(n+1)(n+2)}{2}\\ &=\frac{(n+1)\big((n+1)+1\big)}{2} \end{align}$$

So the inductive case holds. Now by induction we see that the theorem is true.

Reverse Induction
Reverse induction is a method of using an inductive step that uses a negative in the inductive step. It is a minor variant of weak induction. The process still applies only to countable sets, generally the set of whole numbers or integers, and will frequently stop at 1 or 0, rather than working for all positive numbers.

Reverse induction works in the following case.

 * The property holds for a given value, say $$M$$.

 * Given that the property holds for a given case, say $$n=k+1$$, Show that the property holds for $$n=k$$.

Then the property holds for all values $$n\le M$$.

Reverse induction is also usable in the general case : "to establish the validity of a sequence of propositions $$P(n)\ (n\ge1)$$, it is enough to establish the following

(a) $$P(n)$$ is valid for inﬁnitely many $$n$$.

(b) If $$P(n+1)$$ is valid, then so is $$P(n)$$.

It can be the case that we can easily prove $$P(1)$$ and if $$P$$ for $$n=m$$ so $$P$$ for $$n=2m$$. In this case we have (a) for the infinitely many $$n=2^k\ (k\ge0)$$.

Strong Induction
In weak induction, for the inductive step, we only required that for a given $$n$$, its immediate predecessor $$n-1$$ satisfies the theorem (i.e., $$P(n-1)$$ is true). In strong induction, we require that not only the immediate predecessor, but all predecessors of $$n$$ satisfy the theorem. The variation in the inductive step is:

 * If $$P(k)$$ is true for all $$k<n$$, then $$P(n)$$ is true.

The reason this is called strong induction is fairly obvious — the hypothesis in the inductive step is much stronger than the hypothesis is in the case of weak induction. Of course, for finite induction it turns out to be the same hypothesis, but in the case of transfinite sets, weak induction is not even well-defined, since some sets have elements that do not have an immediate predecessor.

Transfinite Induction
Used in proving theorems involving transfinite cardinals. This technique is used in set theory to prove properties of cardinals, since there is rarely another way to go about it.

Inductive Set
We first define the notion of a well-ordered set. A set $$X$$ is well-ordered if there is a total order $$<$$ on $$X$$ and that whenever $$Y\sub X$$ is non-empty, there is a least-element in $$Y$$. That is, $$\exist p\in Y$$ such that $$p<q\ \forall q\in Y$$.

An inductive set is a set $$A\sub X$$ such that the following hold:

 * 1) $$\alpha\in A$$ (where $$\alpha$$ is the least element of $$X$$)
 * 2) If $$\beta\in A$$ then $$\forall\gamma\in X$$ such that $$\beta<\gamma,\gamma\in A$$

Of course, you look at that and say "Wait a minute. That means that $$A=X$$!" And, of course you'd be right. That's exactly why induction works. The principle of induction is the theorem that says:

 * Theorem 2.4.2. If $$X$$ is a non-empty well-ordered set and $$A\sub X$$ is an inductive subset of $$X$$ then $$A=X$$.

The proof of this theorem is left as a very simple exercise. Here we note that the set of natural numbers is clearly well-ordered with the normal order that you are familiar with, so $$\N$$ is an inductive set. If you accept the axiom of choice, then it follows that every set can be well-ordered.


text:
Talk:Shaunna Sowell

Wiki Education assignment: English Composition
— Assignment last updated by Rainbowblitz123R (talk) 18:05, 6 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shaunna Sowell


text:
Talk:Measuring Vertical Leap

AfD discussion
Articles_for_deletion/Measuring_Vertical_Leap  (aeropagitica)   22:02, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Measuring Vertical Leap


text:
EM Legend

EM Legend (EML) (Chinese: 峨眉传奇; pinyin: Éméi Chuánqí), is a Kickboxing and Muaythai fight promotion headquartered in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.

The first event was held in Emei, China on June 6, 2014. In the first 5 years, EML organized more than 42 fighting events in China, Great Britain, New Zealand, Hungary and Thailand. EML has also co-hosted events with other promotions like Topking World Series, Thai Fight, King in the Ring, Superfight Series and Superfight Series Hungary.

In 2020, EML organized three main fighting events, EM Legend 42 - Lingfen Station on January 5, EM Legend - Kangding Station on September 26, and then EM Legend 43 - Guanghan Station on November 28. The second event was held in Kangding (Chinese: 康定), a city located in the eastern part of the Gangzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province.

title: EM Legend


text:
Talk:Dick Schofield

Dick Schofield
Beginning in the Cincinnati Reds "Lower A League" of the 2021 season, Coach Schofield is one of two Development Coach's, along with Reggie Williams. Both had careers in the US Major League baseball programs. For the 2021 season, both men seem to be doing an excellent job with the Daytona Beach Tortugas. He is in his niche, and is doing an excellent job with these young players. The Tortugas are just 3.5 games out of first as of 7-6-2021. Bill Goldstein Griffin, Ga & Daytona Beach

title: Talk:Dick Schofield


text:
1980 Copa del Rey final

The 1980 Copa del Rey final was the 78th final of the King's Cup, Spain's premier football competition. The final was played at Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid, on 4 June 1980, and was won by Real Madrid, who beat their own reserve team Castilla 6–1.

Summary
According to Euan McTear of These Football Times "Castilla were a shadow of the vibrant side that had thrilled the Spanish capital and the country throughout the previous few months".

With goals from Juanito and Santillana, Castilla fell to a 2–0 deficit by half-time. After 45 minutes of play, Andrés Sabido and Vicente del Bosque added a third and a fourth either side of the hour mark to create a broad gap between the two sides.

Castilla's Ricardo Álvarez managed to close the wide margin with ten minutes remaining. According to McTear this gesture just provoked the senior side, who had been winding the clock down for the last minutes. Seconds after Castilla scored, substitute Francisco García Hernández made it 5–1 before a last minute Juanito penalty sealed off a 6–1 triumph. After the final whistle both teams celebrated with the trophy.

title: 1980 Copa del Rey final


text:
Tooker & Marsh

Tooker & Marsh was a famed architecture firm that was in operation from 1910 to 1940. They were especially known for their design of schools and public buildings.

One example of the firm's noted projects is the home of Charles Otto, Hartsdale, Westchester County, New York. The project was featured in The American Architect on 6 July 1921.

title: Tooker & Marsh


text:
Talk:Luis Galarreta

External links modified
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title: Talk:Luis Galarreta