text:
Wiktionary talk:Translations/Translation into lemma only

 * from Beer parlour Rod (A. Smith) 22:13, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

WT:ELE says, “Do follow the translations of nouns and adjectives by their grammatical gender, if appropriate, using the templates, , and  for "masculine", "feminine", "neuter" and "common" respectively.”  I suspect some editors have interpreted that sentence as a request to provide more than just the lemma form of the adjective (e.g. here). In the languages I know of whose adjectives have gender (i.e. the Romance languages), only one form is considered the lemma, e.g. the masculine singular form. It only makes sense for the translation section to list the lemma form of such adjectives, except perhaps in rare cases where English actually has a gender-specific adjective (e.g. “blonde”) and that gender does not match the gender of the lemma in the target language.

So, should we change “the translations of nouns and adjectives by their grammatical gender” in WT:ELE to “the translations of nouns by their grammatical gender” or perhaps “the translations of nouns and adjectives (to be given in lemma form only) by their grammatical gender”? Or perhaps should we just insert a line above it to clarify that we only want the lemma form of each translation? Rod (A. Smith) 21:07, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, please. I don't have a specific preference for how it should be clarified, but those giving-all-forms translators are putting us giving-only-lemmata translators to shame, and I won't stand for it! :-P —Ruakh TALK 22:08, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I can't tell if you are joking or not. --Connel MacKenzie 23:29, 12 September 2007 (UTC)  Or rather, what part of the above is intended as a joke...all?  --Connel MacKenzie 00:36, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

 * My point was serious, my wording was a joke. It looks wrong to give all forms of some translations and only lemma forms of others, but it's not feasible to give all forms of all translations. It also looks wrong to label the gender of an adjective, unless all of its forms are provided; after all, the adjective itself isn't (for example) masculine, it's just that we use the masculine form to represent it in the table. I'm not necessarily saying we should prohibit adding non-lemmata, but I'd like for ELE to be rephrased in a way that makes it clear that adjectives don't need to be labeled for gender. And if someone started removing all non-lemma forms from translation tables, I wouldn't be the one complaining. —Ruakh TALK 05:11, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I think it is very unwise to prohibit the other inflected forms. Within translation tables, that may be true for many languages, but it is not true for entries themselves.  Being inconsistent in the TT instructions may cause unnecessary newbie confusion.  That inconsistency could result in the return of contributors ripping out valuable translations of pronouns again (well, that hasn't happened in a long time, but could, with the above wording.)  Dictating "lemma form only" is a Bad Thing, anywhere, and probably far too restrictive in the long run.  --Connel MacKenzie 23:29, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Connel, I'm confused by your comment, “Within translation tables, that may be true for many languages, but it is not true for entries themselves.” Above, I am only suggesting to limit translations within translation tables (in English entries) to lemma forms only.  I was not suggesting to prohibit entries for the non-lemma forms.  What are “the TT instructions” and what does this have to do with translation of pronouns?  You really are trying to confuse me, aren't you? Rod (A. Smith) 00:25, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

 * TT = "translation table". I was saying that we do (as a multilingual dictionary) want entries for all forms of a word.  So, on the entry pages themselves, we pretty much require that the full conjugations are spelled out, wikilinked and entered.  To prohibit them in the TT seems wrong, or at least inconsistent.  The notion that they would be prohibited for nouns would lead to confusion about pronouns (and that is the example, with Ncik, that sprung to mind.)  --Connel MacKenzie 00:36, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Connel, I think you're missing the point of what Rod is saying. I'll provide a specific example based on my understanding. In the translation table for the English word slow, what should be given as the Latin translation?  Should it:
 * just be the lemma form lentus
 * or have all possible nominative singular forms lentus, lenta , lentum
 * or have all possible nominative forms lentus, lenta , lentum , lentī , lentae , lenta
 * or (as you suggest) have all the 36 forms listed in the table below:
 * To date, my understanding has been that when we translate in a translation table, we give the link only to the lemma, and the lemma page of the translation will carry all the necessary grammatical information the reader will need. Such detailed grammatical information does not belong in a translation table, and certainly doesn't need to be duplicated in every translation table where a word appears. --EncycloPetey 16:05, 14 September 2007 (UTC)
 * To date, my understanding has been that when we translate in a translation table, we give the link only to the lemma, and the lemma page of the translation will carry all the necessary grammatical information the reader will need. Such detailed grammatical information does not belong in a translation table, and certainly doesn't need to be duplicated in every translation table where a word appears. --EncycloPetey 16:05, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I am consistently taking them out wherever I see them. I would greatly support such a clarification.  But indeed, it has to be clear that this counts only for translation sections. H. (talk) 13:06, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I think the gender markings should stay (for the lemmata), since it is a visual key that the word carries gender. --EncycloPetey 16:05, 14 September 2007 (UTC)
 * When a single English noun has a different translation in the target language when applied to a man and to a woman, both should be allowed in the translation table, because they may be considered as different nouns (this does not apply to adjectives...) Lmaltier 15:51, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Good point. How about this?
 * Add these: (The following text was changed per suggestions from Lmaltier and EncycloPetey below. Rod (A. Smith) 23:07, 17 September 2007 (UTC))
 * For nouns, do translate only the English lemma form into the target language lemma form. If the target lemma is specific to one gender and the English noun is used for both genders or for a gender different from that of the target lemma, provide a translation for both genders.
 * For other parts of speech (e.g. adjectives, adverbs, verbs), do translate only the English lemma form into only the lemma form for the target language.
 * immediately before this existing instruction:
 * Do follow the translations of nouns and adjectives by their grammatical gender, if appropriate, using the templates, , and  for "masculine", "feminine", "neuter" and "common" respectively.
 * How does that seem? Rod (A. Smith) 18:45, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I just would add to the first part: If two different nouns exist in the target language depending on the gender (for the same English word), provide both. Lmaltier 06:51, 16 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I altered the suggestion above to incorporate your recommendation. Comments?  Rod (A. Smith) 23:59, 16 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I would rearrange the wording as "For each noun, do..." and "For other parts of speech, do..." in oreder to make it immediately clear that the first sentence deals only with nouns. --EncycloPetey 15:44, 17 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Done. Rod (A. Smith) 23:07, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

Please help refine the language of Votes/2007-10/Translation into lemma only. Rod (A. Smith) 02:03, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Considering the TLDR problem of WT:ELE, and the fact that WT:ELE already links to Translations, I have updated the latter, merging in everything from the former, updating the examples to match current practice, and reorganizing it a bit. I did this with the idea that readers may be best served by our trimming WT:ELE down to a brief paragraph.  Readers who are further interested can click through to the detailed document.  Comments?  Rod (A. Smith) 21:01, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I have withdrawn Votes/2007-10/Translation into lemma only as suggested above. A discussion at Wiktionary talk:Votes/2007-10/Translation into lemma only questioned whether each gender specific version of animate nouns in gender-inflected languages should be considered a lemma (e.g. whether Spanish  and  are both lemmata).  In support of the position that the underlying lexeme is gender-neutral, I collected references, which are now at Wiktionary talk:Translations for posterity.  If anyone would like to discuss that topic, Wiktionary talk:Translations seems an appropriate place.  My plan for lemma translations is to let Votes/2007-10/Lemma entries conclude, then to propose trimming WT:ELE, modifying Translations, and approving it as policy.  Rod (A. Smith) 18:27, 19 October 2007 (UTC)


text:
User:Lindsaythecoolperson

Lindsay Snoke is a wonderful human being that does what she can to make those around her happy. Lindsay Snoke was born in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania in 1996 on Mother's Day because she is good with moms.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Lindsaythecoolperson


text:
User:P0404/sandbox

I'm trying to add a New Proposed train station anyone who can give me any information on the Middleborough station please let me know.

title: User:P0404/sandbox


text:
User:Droney97/sandbox

Drones are unmanned aircrafts that can fly, without a human in control. They have multiple uses people can utilize. Whether its for security, scientific research, etc; Drones can carry out many tasks. However, there has been many controversy arising, regarding the use of drones. People seem to think this advanced technological device is quite harmful, and creates a breach in security. While others think quite the opposite.

title: User:Droney97/sandbox


text:
Talk:Rasho Nesterović

Requested move
The article was moved one year ago without any discussion. During the last months, IPs tried to move the article twice which I interpret as a renaming request. He is known as "Radoslav" throughout the world and that's his official Given name. There is an article about him in 9 different languages, but none of them calls him "Rasho" in the title. And, even worse, in the English-speaking world noone would call him "Rasho Nesterovič" – why use the č which isn't part of the English alphabet while spelling his First name in a way no Slovene would do? So, if you kept his nickname by which he is known just in the US, then the article should consequently be moved to Rasho Nesterovic (or would Rasho Nesterovich be a more consistent transcription?). The current mixture of American and Slovene spelling does not make sense at all to me. --Axolotl Nr.733 (talk) 11:49, 15 July 2008 (UTC)
 * We're perfectly free to use nicknames; consider Jimmy Carter. Rasho Nesterovic makes sense. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 02:32, 17 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Of course we are, but the question is wether it is used more commonly than the Given name, and in case of any doubt I'd prefer the latter. If we took Saša Vujačić as an example, Rašo Nesterovič could also be a possible title. --Axolotl Nr.733 (talk) 10:23, 17 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Our two English sources use Nesterovic. I would be reluctant to be more pedantic than they are, unless they are atypical. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 23:19, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

Please change the nationality; Rašo is a Slovenian basketball player not Serbian! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:43, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Radoslav Nesterović. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100806085948/http://www.talkbasket.net/news/nesterovic-agrees-with-olympiacos-3531.html to http://www.talkbasket.net/news/nesterovic-agrees-with-olympiacos-3531.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111126081356/http://www.nba.com/2011/news/features/09/15/rasho-nesterovic-EuroBasket/index.html to http://www.nba.com/2011/news/features/09/15/rasho-nesterovic-EuroBasket/index.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:17, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

Requested move 27 April 2019

The result of the move request was: Moved. (closed by non-admin page mover)  SITH   (talk)   17:35, 12 May 2019 (UTC)

Radoslav Nesterović → Rasho Nesterović – Per Article titles, Rasho Nesterovic is the common name associated with his notability. Basically all of his notability comes from playing in the NBA, an American basketball league. What would be widely regarded as the three highest and most reputable authorities for record-keeping and reporting in the NBA (NBA.com, ESPN, and Basketball Reference) all list him as “Rasho Nesterović Mrbeastmodeallday (talk) 19:14, 27 April 2019 (UTC) --Relisting. KCVelaga (talk) 05:46, 5 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Support Common name used in English sources.—Bagumba (talk) 03:08, 10 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Support per nom and the above. bd2412  T 17:33, 12 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rasho Nesterović


text:
User:Skyhawk g650/sandbox

Conditional vs. Absolute Security
In theory, quantum cryptography seems to be a successful turning point in the information security sector. However, no cryptographic method can ever be absolutely secure. In practice, quantum cryptography is only conditionally secure dependent on a key set of assumptions.

Single Photo Source Assumption

The theoretical basis for quantum key distribution assumes a single photon source. However, single photo sources are difficult to construct, and most real-world quantum cryptography systems use faint laser sources as a medium for information transfer. These multi-photon sources open a pathway for eavesdropper attacks, particularly a photo splitting attack. An eavesdropper, Eve, is able to split the multi-photon source and retain one copy for herself. The other photons are then transmitted to Bob without any measurement or trace that Eve captured a copy of the data. Scientists believe they can retain security with a multi-photon source by using decoy states that test for the presence of an eavesdropper.

Identical Detector Efficiency Assumption

In practice, multiple single photon detectors are used in quantum key distribution devices, one for Alice and one for Bob. These photodetectors are tuned to detect an incoming photon during a short window of only a few nanoseconds. Due to manufacturing differences between the two detectors, their respective detection windows will be shifted by some finite amount. An eavesdropper, Eve, can take advantage of this detector inefficiency by measuring Alice's qubit and sending a "fake state" to Bob. Eve first captures the photon sent by Alice and then generates another photon to send to Bob. Eve manipulates the phase and timing of the "faked" photon in a way that prevents Bob from detecting the presence of an eavesdropper. The only way to eliminate this vulnerability is to eliminate differences in photodetector efficiency, which is difficult to do given finite manufacturing tolerances that cause optical path length differences, wire length differences, and other defects.

Advantages of Quantum Cryptography
Cryptography is the strongest link in the chain of data security. However, interested parties cannot assume that cryptographic keys will remain secure indefinitely. Quantum cryptography has the potential to encrypt data for longer periods than classical cryptography. Using classical cryptography, scientists cannot guarantee encryption beyond approximately 30 years, but some stakeholders could use longer periods of protection. Take, for example, the healthcare industry. As of 2017, 85.9% of office-based physicians are using electronic medical record systems to store and transmit patient data. Under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, medical records must be kept secret. Typically, paper medical records are shredded after a period of time, but electronic records leave a digital trace. Quantum key distribution can protect electronic records for periods of up to 100 years. Also, quantum cryptography has useful applications for governments and military as, historically, governments have kept military data secret for periods of over 60 years.

title: User:Skyhawk g650/sandbox


text:
Cookbook:Vegetarian cuisine

| Cuisines

People may choose to become vegetarian for a variety of reasons, and meat-eaters may eat vegetarian meals.

In North America, one is considered a vegetarian if one does not eat animal meat. In some parts of the world, people who call themselves vegetarians do eat fish and/or seafood; in North America these people would be referred to as semi-vegetarians or pescetarians. If you are traveling abroad, or if you are entertaining foreign vegetarians, be sure to verify that you are communicating the correct meaning of 'vegetarian'.

Some vegetarians do eat eggs and/or dairy products, although it is important for vegetarians to note that many soft cheeses, especially French cheeses, may contain animal rennet which is obtained from calf stomachs (and is therefore not considered vegetarian). Those who do not eat any animal products are called vegans; see vegan cuisine. Vegan recipes are always vegetarian.

Non-vegetarians often eat vegetarian meals without labelling them as such (many pasta dishes, dahls, veggie burritos, and virtually all desserts).

Vegetarian nutrition
According to the American Dietetic Association, "appropriately planned vegetarian diets are healthful, nutritionally adequate, and provide health benefits in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases." The main requirement for vegetarian nutrition is to ensure your diet contains a wide variety of grains, vegetables, and legumes, and to a lesser degree fruits, nuts, and seeds. It is a common misconception that vegetarian diets provide inadequate protein. While one person's protein requirements may be very different from another's, the ADA has found that a typical varied vegetarian diet that meets one's energy needs, also meets one's protein requirements. Even athletes, whose protein requirements are typically greater than non-athletes, can fare well on a vegetarian diet. The ADA found that "vegetarian diets (except possibly fruitarian and strict macrobiotic diets) can easily meet the nutritional requirements of all types of athletes provided they contain a variety of plant-foods." (see ADA article)

As a general rule, two or more different vegetarian protein sources should be eaten in a day to ensure that the body gets all the essential amino acids it needs. The only complete (containing all essential amino acids) plant protein is soy, found in products like tofu. Animal products, like eggs and cheese, are also complete proteins, but vegetable protein sources (e.g. beans, chickpeas, lentils, nuts) other than soy are all incomplete proteins and must be eaten in combination.

The Vegetarian Society has a page on vegetarian nutrition.

Protein intake in vegetarian diets is only slightly lower than in meat diets and can meet daily requirements for any person, including athletes and bodybuilders. Studies at Harvard University as well as other studies conducted in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and various European countries, confirmed vegetarian diets provide sufficient protein intake as long as a variety of plant sources are available and consumed. Proteins are composed of amino acids, and a common concern with protein acquired from vegetable sources is an adequate intake of the essential amino acids, which cannot be synthesised by the human body. While dairy and egg products provide complete sources for lacto-ovo vegetarians, the only vegetable sources with significant amounts of all eight types of essential amino acids are lupin, soy, chia seed, amaranth, buckwheat, and quinoa. However, the essential amino acids can also be obtained by eating a variety of complementary plant sources that, in combination, provide all eight essential amino acids (e.g. brown rice and beans, or hummus and whole wheat pita, though protein combining in the same meal is not necessary). A 1994 study found a varied intake of such sources can be adequate.

Vegetarian recipes
Below are recipes that are vegetarian, ie, they don't have any meat, poultry or seafood, but may include animal products such as dairy, eggs or honey. Dishes that contain no animal products at all are listed in the module on Vegan cuisine.

Note that some recipes listed may include variations or options which include meat, poultry, or fish. When preparing these dishes for vegetarians, either eliminate the meat, poultry, or fish, or replace these ingredients with a vegetarian substitute.

Appetizers and Sides

 * Cinnamon Roll
 * Crispy Sweet Potato Fries
 * Falafel
 * French Fries
 * Fresh Mozzarella Bruschetta
 * Grape leaves
 * Grits
 * Hush Puppies
 * Inarizushi
 * Kovaim
 * Latkes
 * Samosa
 * Sauerkraut
 * Stroopwafels
 * Tomatoes with Cheese Stuffing
 * Plantain Chips with Cayenne (Kelewele)
 * Pierogi
 * Popcorn
 * Pretzel
 * Vegetable Spring Roll
 * Vegetarian Meatballs
 * Roasted Eggplant
 * Roasted Rice Cakes of Japan (Mochi)

Salads

 * Pico de Gallo
 * Succotash (Meatless)
 * Tabouli Salad
 * Tarbes Salad

Main courses

 * Baingan Bartha (Punjabi)
 * Bengal Potatoes
 * Boxty
 * Cottage Cheese Eggs
 * Crêpe
 * Curried Rice
 * Lentil Rice Loaf
 * Grilled Portobello Mushrooms
 * Kashmiri Pulao
 * Mike's Saffron Rice and Beans
 * Mike's Bean and Rice Bake
 * Nut roast
 * Polish Cauliflower with Breadcrumbs
 * Porridge
 * Ratatouille for kids
 * Sweet Potato Tropicana
 * Banana Curry
 * Mung Beans and Brown Rice
 * Quiche
 * Wilted Greens
 * Simmering Tofu Stirfry
 * Tandoori Tofu
 * Upma-Uppitu
 * Tofu and couscous
 * Pakoda
 * Pancake
 * New York City-Style Pizza (No meat toppings)
 * Waffles

Pasta

 * Fiddlehead-Portobello Linguine
 * Rigatoni pasta with Ricotta in Tomato Cream Sauce
 * Risotto
 * Southwest Pasta
 * Tomato Pasta
 * Lasagne with bean sauce

Sandwiches, Burgers, and Wraps

 * Beanburger
 * Bulgher Burger
 * Burrito (Vegetarian filling)
 * Cucumber Sprout Sandwich
 * Grilled Cheese Sandwich
 * Grilled Peanut Butter Sandwiches
 * Meatless Sloppy Joes
 * Mike's Buttery Noodles
 * Peanut Butter Sandwich
 * Quesadilla

Breads
The majority of breads are vegetarian. See WikiBooks's bread page for recipes further to those listed below.

Common

 * Whole Wheat Bread
 * Italian Bread
 * Rye Bread
 * Pumpernickle

Specialty

 * Bagels
 * Baguette
 * Biscuits
 * Buttermilk Biscuits
 * Chapati
 * Focaccia Bread
 * Fry Bread
 * Irish Soda Bread
 * Lemon Poppy Seed Muffins (Glazed)
 * Matzo
 * Naan
 * Pita
 * Raisin Oatmeal Muffins
 * Soy Protein Bread
 * Tequeños

Soups
Be mindful of stocks used for soups. Beef, fish, or chicken stock is not suitable for vegetarians.

 * Borscht
 * Carrot and Coriander Soup
 * Gazpacho
 * Le Tourin
 * Lentil Soup
 * Minestrone
 * Potato and leek soup
 * Three Ginger Soup
 * Three Sisters Stew
 * Vegetarian Bean Soup

Sauces

 * Baba Ganoush
 * Brown Gravy
 * Crème Anglaise
 * Easy pasta sauce
 * Gochujang
 * Guacamole
 * Harrisa
 * Hot Pepper Sauce
 * Hot Sauce
 * Hummus
 * Pesto
 * Roux
 * Red Pepper & Goat Cheese
 * Tzatziki
 * Vegetarian Gravy

Desserts
Most desserts are vegetarian, though some do contain gelatine which is often an animal-derived product. Vegetarian alternatives to gelatine are available, such as Agar. Note that gelatine is present in most marshmallows.

Cakes

 * 1-2-3-4 Cake
 * Black Forest Cake
 * Carrot Cake
 * Cheesecake
 * Cupcakes
 * Fairy Cakes
 * Lapis Legit
 * Pineapple Upside-Down Cake
 * Pound Cake

Pies

 * Banana Cream Pie
 * Chocolate Bourbon Pecan Pie
 * Key Lime Pie
 * Lemon Meringue Pie
 * No-Bake Chocolate Chip Cookie Pie
 * Pumpkin Pie
 * Radish Pie
 * Rhubarb Pie

Confectionary

 * Buckeyes
 * Chewy Ginger Cookies
 * Chinese Chews
 * Daifuku
 * Gingerbread
 * Grannie Gilbert's Sugar Cookies
 * Hallva
 * Honey Taffy
 * Turkish Delight
 * Turrón

Pastries

 * Chokladboll
 * Churros
 * Doughnuts
 * Doughnuts (Paczki)
 * Eclairs
 * Loukoumas
 * Mille-feuille
 * Sopaipilla
 * Strudel

Other

 * Apple Crisp
 * Atkins-friendly Tira Misu
 * Baklava
 * Chocolate Chip Cookies
 * Chocolate Noodles with Vanilla sauce
 * Crème Brûlée
 * Denver Crunch
 * French Toast
 * Granola Bars
 * Gulab Jamun
 * Khara Pongal
 * Kovaim
 * Mille Crêpe
 * Molasses Taffy
 * Peach Cobbler
 * Pumpkin Roll
 * Rice Pudding
 * Spanish Flan

Fermented

 * Beer
 * Cider
 * Ginger Beer
 * Kefir
 * Kombucha
 * Kvass
 * Mead
 * Sangría
 * Sima
 * Wine

Non-Fermented

 * Ayran
 * Bubble Tea
 * Butter Tea
 * Café au lait
 * Coffee
 * Dalgona Coffee
 * Horchata
 * Hot Coca
 * Lassi
 * Lemonade
 * Milkshake
 * Oat Milk
 * OpenCola
 * Orange Julius
 * Orange Soda
 * Sake
 * Tea

Miscellaneous

 * Agar
 * Cheese
 * Dal
 * Ground Tofu
 * Maple Syrup
 * Milk
 * Pickert
 * Seitan
 * Tempeh
 * Tofu
 * Water
 * Wheat grass juice

title: Cookbook:Vegetarian cuisine


text:
Beregovoye

Beregovoye (Береговое) is a rural locality (a selo) in Krivinsky Selsoviet, Pankrushikhinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 283 as of 2013. There are 4 streets.

Geography
Beregovoye is located 17 km southwest of Pankrushikha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Beryozovsky is the nearest rural locality.

title: Beregovoye


text:
Robotics/Computer Control/The Interface/Remote Control

Remote control is about controlling a robot (or any other electronic device) from a distance, either with or without a wire. Remote control methods can be split into two categories: wireless and wired.

Wired Remote Control
Wired remote control or tethered control can be the right way to interface a computer with a stationary robot. For mobile robots the cable can become a burden for the robot.

Limited Range

 * Electric signals transferred over a wire lose energy because of the wires resistance. The result is that the amplitude of the signal decreases as distance increases.
 * Reflections can be a problem when the data rate is high. This means a previous signal doesn't disappear before the next is transmitted. This is why transmission lines are "terminated" with a resistor to ground.
 * Interference is caused by the magnetic fields of other conductors or capacitive coupling of high speed signals in other conductors. Shielding cables reduces interference, as does using differential signals (instead of using amplitude relative to ground to transmit '1's and '0's, using amplitude between 2 signal wires) through a twisted pair of conductors.

Mechanical Issues With Cables

 * Cables have fixed number of wires in them, if you need more, you'll have to replace the whole cable, which can be very time consuming.
 * Cables have a certain stiffness. The thicker the cable the more force you need to apply to bend the cable.
 * Cables have a weight. This can make it hard for smaller robots to drag it around.
 * They can get in the way of the robot.

Methods
Many of the mechanical issues of cables can be reduced by using thin cables with as few conductors as possible. Ideally such a cable would have only 3 or 4 conductors: Ground, power and one or 2 signal wires. See Networks for sending multiple signals through as few wires as possible.

Advantages
By using a cable you get around the problem of heavy batteries. The robot can be powered by an AC-outlet. Another benefit of a tether is the ability to easily use a PC to control the robot.

IR
IR remote control is the best known form of wireless remote control. It's cheap and reliable, but limited to line-of-sight communication. Complete IR-receiver modules, like the TSOP1736, are available cheaply and can be interfaced with most controllers without much extra components. TV remote controls using RC5 (Phillips) can be used with such modules. If you want a faster data link, IRDA components could boost it significantly. Bluetooth and Wifi have replaced it on modern laptops, but IRDA components are still available.

RF
RF is widely known in model race cars, Wifi, and various other applications. These days complete RF transmitter/receiver modules are available at reasonable low prices. These modules are very easy to use and have ranges of around 100m depending on their environment. RF remote controls for high end model race cars have larger range but are much more expensive and limited in their use. While it is definitely possible to build RF transmitters from scratch, this is not advisable. Radio frequencies are strictly governed and building a transmitter that uses the wrong frequency quickly leads to a fine or worse. Know what you're allowed to do, before building one of these. It is possible to use a wireless telephone to provide an RF connection to your robot. The major restriction being data rates limited to 9.6kbaud or so.

Speech Recognition
In essence speech recognition is a form of remote control. Probably one of the hardest forms of remote control, but also one of the most impressive ones. Although today there are modules that contain a full speech recognition system capable of learning a dozen commands, those systems are still very limited as they can't handle sentences (just commands), need to be trained before they are useful and usually can only be used by one person.

Sound
Sound can also be used as remote control, generating a tone of a particular frequency isn't hard, building a receiver to detect this tone isn't too difficult either. Sounds like whistling and clapping hands have been used for remote control before (e.g. the keyring which makes a sound when you whistle).

Network control
A further step would be to do the control over a network, from another device. This could be a wired network, like RS-232, RS-485 or Ethernet, or a wireless one, as WLAN, Bluetooth or ZigBee.


text:
abrash

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) A variation in color (often applied to Oriental rugs).

Etymology 1
, from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) blond
 * 2) freckled
 * 3) spotted, piebald
 * 4) variegated, motley
 * 5)  rude, unfriendly
 * 1)  rude, unfriendly

Etymology 2
. Likely a variant of. Possibly from above, though that would be semantically difficult.

Noun

 * 1) cockroach

title: abrash


text:
User:Abhishek Guru

Hi There Wiki,

This is Abhishek here. I work in Chennai, India for HCL Technologies

I am most interested in music, and help rock bands in the city of Chennai by organizing concerts. Playing bass guitar, reading, and learning about newer ways in which I can use the internet to build channels of communication are passions that I live for. I also travel a lot and love being close to nature.

Besides all this, I like to meet people, discuss ideas and make friends. I hope I can contribute to the wikiversity with some information

Abhishek

title: User:Abhishek Guru


text:
Talk:Home economics

Book content
Does this belong in Wikibooks? --Remi 01:04, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * There will always be a certain overlap between Wikibooks and Wikiversity. Anyone may create a book on Wikiboosk from resources on Wikiversity, transwiki is recommended with user history, particularly if there is more than one contributor. Likewise, if some book on Wikibooks is facing deletion there, but has some possible educational value, it could be transwikied to Wikiversity. (The same for Wikipedia articles, by the way, though this is rarely done.)

 * However, the comment above was made when the page looked like this. That content was not appropriate for here, nor for Wikibooks. It's an encyclopedic article (and not correct, in fact, in the lede, there is an obvious error,), the article is not a learning resource covering home economics, as it was when it was started, it's an article about the field of home economics.
 * While those were the wild and wooly days of Wikiversity, that this loss of actual educational material was allowed, apparently not even noticed, is diagnostic of wiki dysfunction. We will need much better organization to clean this up and prevent it from recurring.
 * Essentially, to be maximally useful, Wikiversity needs reliable process, the same as any wiki. We have gotten much, much better, but we need even more.
 * I have edited the resource to restore the home ec material and encourage expansion, and I am considering removing the "history of home economics" material and replacing it with a Wikipedia link. We do not need to fork Wikipedia where there is no controversy that Wikipedia doesn't cover adequately, and no educational value added here (as by setting up discussion of the topic, which is generally prohibited on Wikipedia.) --Abd (discuss • contribs) 19:40, 31 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Home economics


text:
Islam/Sunni Islam

The Sunni, the largest group in Islam, and the largest religious denomination in the world. . In Arabic, as-Sunnah literally means "principle" or "path." The sunnah, or the behavior of Muhammad is described as a main pillar of Sunni doctrine. They believe...

 * The first four caliphs (leaders) of the Muslim community were the rightful successors to Muhammad.
 * That God has not specified the leaders of the Muslim community after Muhammad, and that the leader has to be elected.

 * Sunnis recognize four major legal traditions, or madhhabs: Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanafi, and Hanbali. All four accept the validity of the others and a Muslim might choose any one that he/she finds agreeable to his/her mind or personality.

Difference
Sunni and Shi'a Muslims differ on the legitimacy of the reigns of the Khulfa-e-Rashideen, the first four Caliphs. The Sunnis follow the Caliphates of all four, while the Shi'ites recognize only the Caliphate of Ali. This schism occurred following the death of 'Umar.

According to Sunni beliefs, Muhammad gave no specific directions as to the choosing of his successor when he died. At this time there were two customary means of selecting a leader: some had hereditary leaders such as Sultans or Kings, whilst some were appointed by the Ulema. There is no proof in the scriptures of the need of a Caliphate in Islam, however Al-Qaeda aims to establish a worldwide Caliphate through their Jihadism.

While Sunni and Shia Islam differ sharply on the conduct of a caliph and the right relations between a leader and a community, they do not differ on the underlying theory of stewardship.

In the initial stages the latter way of choosing leadership prevailed among the leading companions of Muhammad. Abu Bakr was elected as the first caliph or successor to Muhammad, with the other companions of Muhammad giving an oath of allegiance to him. The Persian citizens thought that Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, should have succeeded him. However the appointment of the next two caliphs varied from the election of Abu Bakr. On his deathbed, Abu Bakr appointed Umar as his successor without an election by the community of scholars. Umar also altered the way his successor would be found. Before he was assassinated, Umar decided that his successor would come from a group of six. This group included Ali and Uthman, another companion of Muhammad. These six would have to establish from among themselves Umar's successor. Ultimately Uthman was chosen as Umar's successor, becoming the third Caliph. After the assassination of Uthman by the troublesome Persians, Ali was elected as the fourth Caliph.

Background Research

 * Shias believe God chose Ali to be Muhammad's successor, infallible, the first caliph (khalifa, head of state) of Islam. Muhammad, before his death, designated Ali as his successor.

title: Islam/Sunni Islam


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Romanian Consulate General, Cahul

The result was   delete. Missvain (talk) 05:35, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

Romanian Consulate General, Cahul

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

yes the Romanian president has visited this but fails WP:ORG., consulates are lower on the rung than embassies which aren't inherently notable.

 * Romanian Consulate General, Bălți
 * Romanian Consulate General, Zaječar LibStar (talk) 06:34, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Automated comment: This AfD was not correctly transcluded to the log (step 3). I have transcluded it to Articles for deletion/Log/2015 February 10.  —cyberbot I   Talk to my owner :Online 06:53, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Europe-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 18:52, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Moldova-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 18:53, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Romania-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 18:53, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Bilateral relations-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 18:53, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Organizations-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 18:53, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support: I have to agree with the decision to delete this article. It is insufficiently covered. The coverage it receives in cited sources are mostly about the establishment of the consulate. Meşteşugarul -  U  22:11, 13 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Delete - small consulates are not notable, per past outcomes. Bearian (talk) 23:25, 16 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Category:Ambassadors of the Ottoman Empire to the Russian Empire

This category lists ambassadors from the Ottoman Empire to Russia (up until 1923). For ambassadors of the post-1923 Republic of Turkey, see Category:Ambassadors of Turkey to Russia.


text:
Cookbook:Clam Chowder

In American cuisine, there are several soup-like dishes that are called Clam Chowder.

If you don't know the difference between New England and Manhattan clam chowders: the one with tomatoes has a "t" in the name!
 * New England Clam Chowder
 * a white, creamy soup; the most common variety
 * Manhattan Clam Chowder
 * made with tomatoes, the soup has a red color
 * Rhode Island Clam Chowder
 * a soup with a clear broth, without added cream or tomatoes.

title: Cookbook:Clam Chowder


text:
Talk:Cho Hae-il

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Cho Hae-il. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055413/http://klti.or.kr/ke_04_03_011.do to http://klti.or.kr/ke_04_03_011.do#

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:05, 22 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cho Hae-il


text:
User:Reverie

My name is Jennifer García. I'm an artist and software engineer living in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.

I first contributed illustrations to Wikipedia a few years ago and I'm very grateful for that experience. As of right now I'm working full-time and I don't expect to be able to contribute any more illustrations in the near future.

Current projects

 * None

Illustrations

 * Cornelis Vreeswijk
 * Cartesian theater
 * Puerto Rican shrew

A gallery of my images can be found here.

title: User:Reverie


text:
Ceratozamia zoquorum

Ceratozamia zoquorum is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae endemic to northwestern Chiapas, Mexico.

title: Ceratozamia zoquorum


text:
Sumathi Best Television Presenter Award

The Sumathi Best Television Presenter Award is presented annually in Sri Lanka by the Sumathi Group of Campany associated with many commercial brands for the best Sri Lankan presenter of the year in television screen.

The award was initially presented in 2002 under the title of Best Announcer. In 2009, the award was split into two categories: Best Announcer and Best Presenter. Below is a list of the recipients of this prestigious title since then.

title: Sumathi Best Television Presenter Award


text:
Talk:British Rail Research Division

Contradictory statements
There are basically two sections that announce the end of the BRRD, the "end of the line" mentions the division's move within BR in 1986, while the following section suggests it was gutted in the "early 1980s". These sections clearly need to be merged, but more importantly, which of these statements is correct? Maury Markowitz (talk) 23:27, 22 May 2013 (UTC)

Page title
Shouldnt this be "British Railways Research Divisio? When did British Railways become British Rail? Chevin (talk) 07:04, 4 August 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on British Rail Research Division. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120516144219/http://www.traintesting.com/R&DD_index.htm to http://www.traintesting.com/R&DD_index.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060513231746/http://www.agrri.org.uk:80/BR_Research.htm to http://www.agrri.org.uk/BR_Research.htm
 * Added tag to http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http:/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:09, 8 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:British Rail Research Division


text:
H4 polytope

In 4-dimensional geometry, there are 15 uniform polytopes with H4 symmetry. Two of these, the 120-cell and 600-cell, are regular.

Visualizations
Each can be visualized as symmetric orthographic projections in Coxeter planes of the H4 Coxeter group, and other subgroups.

The 3D picture are drawn as Schlegel diagram projections, centered on the cell at pos. 3, with a consistent orientation, and the 5 cells at position 0 are shown solid.

Coordinates
The coordinates of uniform polytopes from the H4 family are complicated. The regular ones can be expressed in terms of the golden ratio φ = (1 + $\sqrt{5}$)/2 and σ = (3$\sqrt{5}$ + 1)/2. Coxeter expressed them as 5-dimensional coordinates.

title: H4 polytope


text:
Bolémvn

Bryan Mounkala born November 29, 1996 in Mantes-la-Jolie (France) better known as Bolémvn is a French rapper and singer from Évry, Essonne, Île-de-France, France. He grew up in famous Bâtiment 7 in Évry where Koba LaD and Kodes also comes from. After releasing two EPs and notably "Eh boy", he signed with Capitol Label Services, a big rap label. His 2020 album Vol 169 was a huge success and charted in France, Belgium and Switzerland and reached number 15 on the French Albums Chart. This was followed up with the album Anarchiste in 2021.

title: Bolémvn


text:
Robotics/Navigation/Trajectory Planning

Trajectory Planning
Trajectory planning is moving from point A to point B while avoiding collisions over time. This can be computed in both discrete and continuous methods. Trajectory planning is a major area in robotics as it gives way to autonomous vehicles.

Trajectory planning is sometimes referred to as motion planning and erroneously as path planning. Trajectory planning is distinct from path planning in that it is parametrized by time. Essentially trajectory planning encompasses path planning in addition to planning how to move based on velocity, time, and kinematics.

Holonomicity
Holonomicity is the relationship between the controllable degrees of freedom of the robot and the total degrees of freedom of the robot. If the number of controllable degrees of freedom are greater than or equal to the total degrees of freedom a robot is said to be holonomic. By using a holonomic robot many movements are much easier to make and return to a past pose is much easier.

A car would be non-holonomic, as it has no way to move laterally. This makes certain movements, such as parallel parking, difficult. An example of a holonomic vehicle would be one using mecanum wheels, such as the new Segway RMP.

Dynamic Environments
In dynamic environments, such as the real world, many possible collision objects are not stationary. This makes trajectory planning more difficult as time is constantly changing and objects are moving. A robot cannot simply move backward in time as it might simply back away from a stationary collision. In addition to this many choices are completely irreversible due to terrain, such as moving off of a cliff.

Concepts
Trajectory planning gives a path from a starting configuration S to a goal configuration G avoiding collisions in a 2D or 3D space.

A configuration is the pose of a robot describing its position. Configuration Space C, is the set of all configurations. For instance, in two dimensions a robot's configuration would be described by coordinates (x, y) and angle θ. Whereas in three dimensions a robot's configuration would be described by coordinates (x, y, z) and angles (α, β, γ).

Free space Cfree is the set of all configurations that are collision-free. Computing the shape of Cfree is not efficient, however, computing if a given configuration is a collision free is by simply using kinematics and collision detection from sensors.

Target space is a linear subspace of free space which we want robot go there. In global motion planning, target space is observable by robot's sensors. However, in local motion planning, robot cannot observe the target space in some states. To solve problem, robot assume several virtual target space which is located in observable area (around robot). The virtual target space is called sub-goal.

Artificial Potential Field
Artificial Potential Field Planning places values over the map with the goal having the lowest(Highest) value raising(falling) the value depending on the distance from the goal. Obstacles are defined to have an incredibly high(low) value. The robot then simply moves to the lowest(highest) potential value adjacent to it, which should lead it to the goal. However this technique often gets trapped in local minima. Certain techniques can be used to avoid this, such as wavefront potential field planning. Artificial potential fields can be achieved by direct equation similar to electrostatic potential fields or can be drive by set of linguistic rules.

Sampling Based Planning
Roadmap method is one sampling based planning method. First a sample of N configurations in C as milestones. Then a line PQ is formed between all milestones as long as the line PQ is completely in Cfree. Then graph search algorithms can be used to find a path from start to the goal. As N grows better solutions are found, however this increases computation time.

Grid Based Planning
Grid Based planning overlays a grid on the map. Every configuration then corresponds with a grid pixel. The robot can move from one grid pixel to any adjacent grid pixels as long as that grid pixel is in Cfree. Then a search algorithm such as A* can be used to find a path to get from start to the goal. One potential tradeoff with this method is with a lower resolution grid(bigger pixels) the search will be faster, however it may miss paths through narrow spaces of Cfree. In addition as the resolution of the grid increases memory usage increases exponentially, therefore in large areas using another path planning algorithm may be necessary.

Reward-Based Planning
Reward-Based Algorithms assume that robot in each state (position and internal state include direction) can choose between different action (motion). However, the result of each action is not definite. In the other word, outcomes (displacement) are partly random and partly under the control of the robot. Robot gets positive reward when it reach to the target and get negative reward if collide with obstacle. These Algorithms try to find a path which maximized cumulative future rewards. Markov decision processes (MDPs) is a popular mathematical framework which is used in many of Reward-Based Algorithms. Advantage of MDPs over other Reward-Based Algorithms is that it generate optimal path. Disadvantage of MDPs is that it limit robot to choose from a finite set of action; Therefore, the path is not smooth (similar to Grid-based approaches). Fuzzy Markov decision processes (FDMPs)is an extension of MDPs which generate smooth path with using an fuzzy inference system.

title: Robotics/Navigation/Trajectory Planning


text:
User:Muvakonikkal

Muvahid (born 1988/05/22 in calicut ) who works mainly in electonics field He has also worked in bridco

title: User:Muvakonikkal


text:
ezüst

Etymology
Borrowed from, compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. The Permic word apparently comes from an Iranian language, compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) silver (chemical element)
 * 2) silverware, household silver tableware, especially cutlery made out of silver alloy

title: ezüst


text:
Radiation Oncology

Radiation Oncology

 * This page is the Cover Page of the book. Please place any actual content on separate subpages of the book.  Be sure to read the instructions for authors. Thanks!
 * Search this Wikibook using Google or use the "Search Box" on the left (doesn't seem as effective as Google).

Volunteer Editors:
 * This is a wiki project - an open source, free access reference book. Anyone is welcome and encouraged to contribute anytime, anything (as long as it relates to Radiation Oncology). Feel free to edit it, update it, correct it, and otherwise increase its teaching potential. We appreciate both small contributions (correcting typos, grammar etc.) as well as contributions to content. If there are subjects missing outright, please feel free to start them. For comments, please use the "discussion" tab on top of each page.
 * Brian Cook, M.D. - (Brim) - Sampson Radiation Oncology, Clinton, NC, USA
 * Tomas Dvorak, M.D. - (Tdvorak) - Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA

Full Table of Contents

title: Radiation Oncology


text:
Puerto Umbria

Puerto Umbria is a settlement in Villagarzón Municipality, Putumayo Department Department in Colombia.

Climate
Puerto Umbria has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy to very heavy rainfall year-round.

title: Puerto Umbria


text:
1st Battalion, 3rd Marines

The Third Littoral Combat Team (formerly 1/3) is an infantry battalion in the United States Marine Corps based out of Marine Corps Base Hawaii. Nicknamed the "Lava Dogs", the battalion consists of approximately 800 Marines and sailors and falls under the command of the 3rd Marine Regiment of the 3rd Marine Division.

Subordinate units

 * Headquarters and Service Company (Headhunter)
 * Alpha Company (Ares)
 * Bravo Company (Banjo)
 * Charlie Company (Chaos)
 * Medium Range Missile Battery (Blacksheep)

World War II
On May 1, 1942, the 1st Training Battalion was activated at Marine Corps Air Station New River, North Carolina. A month and a half later, on June 17, the unit was redesignated as the 1st Battalion, 3rd Marine Regiment. The battalion received its first combat experience in November 1943 against the Japanese in the Battle of Bougainville. The battalion fought with distinction for nearly two months against stiff resistance in difficult terrain before being sent to Guadalcanal to prepare for the next stage of the Pacific Theatre.

The Battle of Guam was the next combat assignment for 1st Battalion, 3d Marines. The amphibious assault on Guam began on July 21, 1944, with the battalion landing near Asan Point in western Guam. Once again, the battalion encountered fierce opposition and the fighting proved to be costly. Organized Japanese resistance officially ended on August 10 and Guam was declared “secured”. However, numerous Japanese remained operational in the jungle and refused to surrender. Subsequently, the battalion participated in “mopping-up” operations until it departed for Iwo Jima in February 1945.

In early 1945, 1st Battalion, 3d Marines, as part of Regimental Combat Team 3, was to be the floating reserve for the amphibious assault of the Battle of Iwo Jima. However, the battalion was never called upon to land or to take part in the battle.

The battalion remained on Guam through the surrender of the Japanese in September 1945. Although the end of the war signified the end of hostilities, there was still much work to be done. The Islands in the Pacific held by the Japanese had to be demilitarized and the Japanese forces repatriated to mainland Japan, this job fell to 1st Battalion, 3d Marines, soon to be known as the “Chichi Jima” Marines. Chichi Jima was an Island fortress, often referred to as the Gibraltar of the Pacific, located in the Ogasawara Island chain 615 miles south of Tokyo. After 14 years of war in China and the Pacific, Japan had arrived at a mortifying surrender. At exactly 1015 on December 13, 1945, the Japanese flag flying over Chici Jima was lowered from its staff. The Japanese Color Guard folded the flag and presented it to the Commanding Officer of 1st Battalion, 3d Marines. At 1025, the Marine Drum and Bugle Corps sounded Colors and everyone present, American and Japanese alike, rendered a salute as Old Glory was raised to her lofty summit.

Vietnam War
1st Battalion, 3d Marines became the second American infantry unit to enter South Vietnam. The battalion began its movement, via air, to Da Nang Air Base in early March 1965 and completed its movement by mid-March. Less than six months after its arrival, 1/3 was withdrawn to Okinawa. The battalion was sent back to Vietnam on November 18, 1965.

In 1969. the United States began to slowly withdraw combat units from Southeast Asia. One of the first Marine units to be notified to commence stand down operations was 1st Battalion, 3d Marines. The unit departed South Vietnam for the United States on October 5, 1969. Towards the end of the month the battalion arrived in California and was located at again at Camp Pendleton.

1980s
Throughout the 1980s, 1/3 regularly deployed to Okinawa to serve as a forward staged unit in the Western Pacific area as part of the Marine Corps Unit Deployment Program. During the Unit Deployment Program, the battalion would regularly participate in exercises throughout the region, such as in Korea and Thailand. In December 1989, while at Okinawa, 1/3 responded to the 1989 Philippine coup attempt as part of an amphibious task force and sent Marines ashore to reinforce the American Embassy. The battalion formed the ground combat element of CTF-79 (Commander, Landing Force, Seventh Fleet).

The Gulf War and the 1990s
In August 1990, 1st Battalion, 3d Marines deployed to Saudi Arabia for Operation Desert Shield and took up defensive positions along the coastal highway leading to Kuwait. In February 1991, 1/3 assaulted into Kuwait as part of the ground war of Operation Desert Storm to liberate the country from Iraqi occupation.

The Global War on Terrorism
1/3 was on the Unit Deployment Program (UDP) to Okinawa, Japan during the Al Qaeda terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Due to their proximity to Afghanistan, the battalion's Company A was one of the first infantry units to deploy to U.S. Central Command, of which Afghanistan is a part, after the September 11 attacks.

In October 2002, an Army Special Forces Sergeant First Class (SFC) was killed in the Southern Philippines by an IED.

April 2003, 1/3 departed Kaneohe for another UDP in Okinawa, Japan. Alpha company, with Weapons company reinforcements left for the Philippines as the MSE under the guise of JTF-510. Alpha company carried out many joint missions with Navy SEAL/s, SWCC, and the CIA in terrorist surveillance activities, and security missions in Zamboanga Bay.

In June 2004, 1/3 (also known at the time as BLT 1/3, and including Battery C 1st Battalion 12th Marines - also from MCBH) set off to tour what was known as a standard deployment around the South Pacific region with the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU). In early September 2004, the unit arrived in Kuwait and soon after entered Iraq. The unit fought in the Second Battle of Fallujah as part of Regimental Combat Team 7 to clear the city of insurgents and reclaim the city. In one deployment, BLT 1/3 unfortunately lost more men compared to any Marine Corps Battalion during OIF/OEF. BLT 1/3 has produced one of very few nominations for the Medal of Honor thus far in the Global War on Terror, Sergeant Rafael Peralta.

On January 26, 2005, a CH-53E Super Stallion helicopter crashed in the Al-Anbar province taking with it the lives of 26 Kaneohe Bay Marines, along with one Navy Corpsman and four Marine aircrew from a mainland unit. The majority of the 27 Marines lost in the crash were from Charlie Company of Battalion Landing Team 1/3. Battalion Landing Team 1/3 lost a total of 45 Marines during the course of their first combat tour in Iraq.

In January 2006, the battalion deployed to eastern Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. During this five-month deployment they operated throughout the Korangal Valley and were known as "Task Force Lava." On June 1, 2006, 1/3 handed over their area of operations to the 1st Battalion, 32nd Infantry Regiment and shortly thereafter returned to Hawaii.

In March 2007, 1st Battalion 3d Marines deployed to Haditha, Iraq. 1/3 lost no Marines during this deployment, which was a first for the Marine Corps since the start of OIF.

The battalion deployed to Karma, Iraq from August 2008 - March 2009. One Marine was killed and five were injured on December 21, 2008.

The battalion again deployed to Afghanistan in November 2009 through June 2010, taking up positions in and around FOB Geronimo, within the district of Nawa-I-Barakzayi, Helmand Province. In February 2010, the battalion participated in Operation Moshtarak, the seizure of the Taliban stronghold of Marjah. The activities of Bravo and Charlie Companies were covered extensively in a series of articles by C. J. Chivers in The New York Times, and in the "At War Blog" posted on The New York Times website. A total of five Marines were KIA, along with one British reporter this deployment.

The battalion deployed once more to Afghanistan in April 2011, taking up positions south of FOB Delhi, in Garmsir District, Helmand Province.

Awards

 * United States Navy Presidential Unit Citation ribbon.svg Presidential Unit Citation w/ 3 bronze stars
 * Guam - 1944
 * Vietnam - 1965 - 1967, 1967
 * Afghanistan - 2010
 * Navy Unit Commendation ribbon.svg Navy Unit Commendation w/ 1 bronze star & w/ 1 silver star
 * Bougainville - 1943
 * Vietnam - 1965, 1968–1969
 * Southwest Asia - 1990 - 1991
 * Southwest Asia / OEF I - 2001 - 2002
 * III MEF - 2003 - 2005
 * OEF Afghanistan - 2006
 * OIF Iraq I MEF - 2007-2008
 * OIF Iraq II MEF - 2008
 * Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon.svg Meritorious Unit Commendation w/ 2 bronze stars
 * Vietnam - 1967 - 1968, 1968
 * Southwest Asia / OEF I - 2001-2002
 * III MEF- 2008-2010
 * Asiatic-Pacific Campaign ribbon.svg Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal w/ 4 bronze stars
 * World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg World War II Victory Medal
 * Army of Occupation ribbon.svg Navy Occupation Service Medal
 * National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg National Defense Service Medal w/ 3 bronze stars
 * Korean_Service_Medal_-_Ribbon.svg Korean Service Medal
 * Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal ribbon.svg Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
 * Vietnam Service Medal ribbon.svg Vietnam Service Medal w/ 2 silver stars
 * Southwest Asia Service Medal ribbon.svg Southwest Asia Service Medal w/ 2 bronze stars
 * Vietnamese Gallantry Cross, with palm.svg Vietnam Cross of Gallantry w/ palm streamer
 * Iraq Campaign Medal ribbon.svg Iraq Campaign Medal w/3 bronze stars
 * Afghanistan Campaign ribbon.svg Afghanistan Campaign Medal w/5 bronze stars
 * Global War on Terrorism Service ribbon.svg Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
 * Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary ribbon.svg Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal

Notable members

 * William R. Higgins, platoon commander in C Company during the Vietnam War
 * Jan C. Huly
 * Rafael Peralta, Iraqi Freedom
 * Wayne Rollings, platoon commander

title: 1st Battalion, 3rd Marines


text:
Wiktionary talk:Votes/2007-10/Lemma entries

Listing the lemma on the headword/inflection line
User:Opiaterein makes a good point in saying, I think the "form of" information should be on the main inflection line, as with lemma entries, with a brief definition below. I like the form of entry that produces. It's not how we've been doing things, but perhaps this is the time to change. Does anyone else have any opinions about moving the lemma link and the relationship to the lemma onto the inflection line, presumably within parentheses? Rod (A. Smith) 02:05, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

 * That's basically exactly what I was saying. It might not work as well in English entries, like
 * hands (plural of hand)
 * but with other languages, it should be fine.
 * manos f (plural of mano)
 * hands
 * Encyclopetey pointed out that with verbs this could get crazy, but we don't need to add every definition, just enough to give an idea of the way the word is generally used, maybe with a note pointing toward the main article for more definitions or something.
 * By the way, sorry for jumping into the vote half a month early, I was focused so hard on reading the actual content of what the vote was on that I missed the "Green means go" part. :o — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 02:24, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
 * By the way, sorry for jumping into the vote half a month early, I was focused so hard on reading the actual content of what the vote was on that I missed the "Green means go" part. :o — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 02:24, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Glad to get feedback. Looking at hand:, I can understand why you had some difficulty determining what to give as the English gloss.  It comes out as something like this:
 * specific body parts or things that resemble them
 * multiples of three or of four inches
 * Sides
 * Powers of performance
 * Actual performances
 * agents
 * Handwritings
 * Personal possessions
 * things held in a hand at once
 * Agencies in transmission
 * Rates.
 * pointers on analog clocks
 * small parts of a gunstock
 * bunches of bananas
 * Or, condensed like the following:
 * specific body parts or things that resemble them; multiples of three or of four inches; sides; powers of performance; Actual performances; agents; handwritings; personal possessions; things held in a hand at once; agencies in transmission;  rates; pointers on analog clocks;  small parts of a gunstock; bunches of bananas
 * There are currently fewer definitions for mano:, so I think it would look like this:
 * hands
 * front feet
 * coats
 * Or condensed:
 * hands; front feet;  coats
 * Right? After typing all of that in, I'm weary about how easily non-lemma semantic definitions will scale.  It seems like we might encounter some problems consistently implementing it, especially for languages that are more highly inflected than English and Spanish.  Rod (A. Smith) 04:39, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
 * See, that's what Petey was getting at. But the thing is, we don't need to include every possible definition of a word in the non lemma entries. For instance, I've never heard the word hand, plural or singular, used to mean "personal possessions." In the form of entries, we only really need to give one or two of the most common uses, and if there are others, we can put in some kind of note to see the main article I'm not sure, something like:
 * manos f (plural of mano)
 * hands
 * See mano for more details
 * Or something like that; not sure how what the best wording for the see x for more part would be. Keeping all the definitions in line may take some fingerwork, but in the end I think it will be better as long as we keep it simple, but not too simple. — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 06:19, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
 * manos f (plural of mano)
 * hands
 * See mano for more details
 * Or something like that; not sure how what the best wording for the see x for more part would be. Keeping all the definitions in line may take some fingerwork, but in the end I think it will be better as long as we keep it simple, but not too simple. — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 06:19, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

The proposal above has some promise, but it needs refinement and significant trial use before we can reasonably consider adoption. That belongs as part of a separate proposal, so I am going to allow this vote to open as a simple codification of existing practice. Please feel free to open another discussion (probably on WT:BP) to propose this new format, but not as part of this vote. Rod (A. Smith) 15:44, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

 * No. It is a bad idea and should be stopped now.  This works fine only if there are a small number of similar inflected forms.  Latin entries would suffer and be rendered almost unreadable by the above format.  See alba, which would require six separate adjective sections.  Reformatting that page to the above "promising" specifications would be a disaster, and would make it much harder for a user to figure out what was going on. --EncycloPetey 22:21, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your input, EncycloPetey. With the shockingly strong failure of Votes/2007-10/Lemma entries, I obviously need help explaining briefly in Votes/2007-11/Lemma entries 2 why proliferating translations, etc. is undesirable.  Rod (A. Smith) 22:39, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Adjectives aren't inflected in English, so the definitions would mostly be the same anyway. If a user doesn't know what "vocative feminine singular" means, they won't be confused by this any more than they would by the old formatting. The old formatting wouldn't kill me so much if example sentences were more common. As it is, the reader is less likely to know wtf the word means, and even less likely to know htf to use it. — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 03:23, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Confusion can arise from content of from formatting. What you are proposing will ensure that the format is confusing, since all the definitions will be identical.   It will be difficult for users to detemine what the deifferneces among the six adjective entries are (because they may not even fit into a single monitor screen) and it will be harder for editors to determine which, if any, senses are missing.  A format that makes it hard on the editor and hard on the user is a very bad idea indeed.  The goal should be to improve the situation for at least one of those audiences, if not for both.  This proposal asks us to head in the opposite direction, so I am firmly against it.  Consider:

 * alba f (nominative feminine singular of albus)
 * white
 * See albus for more details

 * alba n (nominative neuter plural of albus)
 * white
 * See albus for more details

 * alba n (accusative neuter plural of albus)
 * white
 * See albus for more details

 * alba f (vocative feminine singular of albus)
 * white
 * See albus for more details

 * alba n (vocative neuter plural of albus)
 * white
 * See albus for more details

 * albā f (ablative feminine singular of albus)
 * white
 * See albus for more details

 * How many forms are there above? How many different genders?  How many spellings?  It's slow and tedious to answer those questions because of the formatting.  Now answer those same questions using the format below for the same information:

 * alba

 * albā

 * It's much esier to get an overview of what's happening because the information is presented in a sensible format.  Please don't continue asking the community to abandon good format for a difficult-to-read complicated and confusing one that will make entries difficult to edit and difficult to read. --EncycloPetey 14:02, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Why do we need to know how many forms, genders and spellings there are? The dictionary isn't about how many words and forms there are, it's about what the words mean. There is also the table of contents that could tell you close to the same information.
 * Listing only the form of information makes it necessary to "See x for more details" that really won't even be found in the article. "Ok, I'm here. What does alba mean? Something to do with white. But what does that ablative stuff mean?" It's probably a fact that most users will not be familiar with grammatical terms, although the case may be different with Latin, I'm not sure how it's taught. Even with example sentences, without some kind of gloss or link to something explaining the case, it's next to useless for everyday readers.
 * It isn't difficult to read or edit, there's just more there so there's more to maintain.
 * We don't have to format every language the same way. See huā. A few or missing but there do seem to be some definitions there, is it not so? — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 15:58, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't understand half of what you're saying. How will the table of contents help?  What happens to users who turn that off as their preference?  How will the table of contents allow for comparison between entries?  Latin is generally taught with all the cases, anyway.  And it is difficult to read and edit because there is so much unnecessarily repeated information.

 * So... you've said what you don't want to see, so what do you want to see. Show us how you would structure the Latin entry for alba. --EncycloPetey 19:35, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I think The dictionary isn't about how many words and forms there are, it's about what the words mean is a rather narrow vision of how best to serve our readers. Sure, definitions are a core deliverable for our project, but so are other aspects of lexicography.  Minimizing such information would be a disservice to all but the most casual reader.  Following is my example from Wiktionary talk:Translations/Noting lemma forms in WT:ELE of how I think the "all definition lines should mainly focus on semantics" camp would want to format alba::

(unindenting)

 * 1) white.

 * 1) white.

Even better would be if we could automatically link specific "form of" labels to a language-specific inflection appendix. Granted, displays more prominently than Ric would prefer, so there probably should be some reader customization options available, but the structure seems sound. So, grammatical details are an important element of our mission, but appears to be a reasonable way to provide them outside of definition lines. Rod (A. Smith) 20:32, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I'd like to make it clear now that I'm already irritated by the world outside of Wiktionary, so if I come off as being unnecessarily unpleasant....oh well. :)

 * "Show us how you would structure the Latin entry for alba." — Being that I don't speak Latin, I wouldn't dare try to format alba or any other non-lemma Latin entry. To someone who isn't already familiar with Latin grammar, that entry is useless, as it will remain without some kind of indication as to how to use the word, in any of those senses. Sorry.
 * My main issue with this topic is verbs. Let's take "fusesem (first-person singular, pluperfect indicative form of fi)"
 * Required prior knowledge in absence of definition: First-person, pluperfect, indicative, fi.
 * First-person - common enough, most people would probably know it.
 * pluperfeect - I didn't know what this meant until I started studying Romanian. I had studied 3 languages before and never learned what this meant.
 * Indicative - easy enough to figure out, I suppose.
 * fi - going to the entry, you'll find that it means "to be". Next
 * You have to know what the pluperfect "form" of "to be" is in English. The article pluperfect gives examples, but look, now you have to know the past particple of "be", if you don't know what a past participle is.
 * So instead of looking at fusesem and getting your definition, and fi for more information on the verb, you would have to look at up to 5 or 6 other articles, and even then how could you be sure you were translating correctly? Everyday readers are not linguists or grammarians and will not know what the hell is going on when you tell them that alba is 6 different forms of the word "albus" or that fusesem is the 1st person singular pluperfect form of "fi".

 * "Granted, displays more prominently than Ric would prefer" — It just sticks out too much for something that's repeated over and over. I also don't want it to be confused with the definition of the word.

 * "Even better would be if we could automatically link specific "form of" labels to a language-specific inflection appendix." — I was actually going to start doing this if I ever get around to writing up an appendix for Romanian noun declension.

 * "How many forms are there above? How many different genders?  How many spellings?" — Why does it matter? Look at the inflection line. — "It's slow and tedious to answer those questions because of the formatting." — Not half as slow and tedious as figuring out what the hell the word means, in the case of noun and verb forms.

 * Continue. — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 21:09, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * OR you can create an Appendix:Romanian verbs to explain all of that in one place. Your way, the information has be repeated (and maintained) in every entry about a pluperfect form. --EncycloPetey 21:44, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Appendix:Romanian verb conjugation. Even having that appendix and explaining the formation and usage of verb forms doesn't help if you don't know how to form the different tenses etc. of English verbs. — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 21:59, 4 November 2007 (UTC)


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Talk:Shane Byrne (rugby union)

Aughrim
Shane is from Aughrim, Co. Wicklow, not Arklow as stated in this article. His is also more commonly known as "The Flying Mullet" as opposed to Mullet.

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 04:22, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Hormone Therapy
He looks a bit like a masculine woman. Has he had any hormone therapy or used steroids? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:59, 15 February 2010 (UTC)

After returning from England
I believe that Shane joined an Irish (amature) rugby club after returning from playing rugby in Scaracens. Was it Landsdowne? May be worth mentioning, if we can find a more reliable source than my hazy memory. Pma jones (talk) 07:55, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shane Byrne (rugby union)


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Polyclinic

A polyclinic (where poly means "many"; not to be confused with the homonym policlinic, where poli means "city" and which is sometimes used for a hospital's outpatient department) is a clinic or health care facility that provides both general and specialist examinations and treatments for a wide variety of diseases and injuries to outpatients and is usually independent of a hospital. When a polyclinic is so large that it is in fact a hospital, it is also called a general hospital.

The term was rare in English until recently and is still very rare in North America, but examples include the polyclinics in England (large health care centres able to provide a wider range of services than a standard doctor's (GP) office) and The Polyclinic in Seattle, Washington, US.

Most other languages use a cognate of the even rarer English term "policlinic" (spelled similarly to and pronounced the same as the English term "polyclinic") for outpatient departments (outpatient clinics) of (public) hospitals and for large independent (public) clinics for outpatients. Some languages, for example French, specifically use a cognate of "polyclinic" to refer to private outpatient clinics.

Due to the different meanings of "poly" and "poli", it was traditionally considered incorrect to use the English term "polyclinic" for European policlinics. In addition, European policlinics (called "poliklinik", "policlinique", "поликлиника" [poliklinika], or similarly in other languages) are more like hospitals or are part of a hospital and are public and therefore free or inexpensive whereas polyclinics are traditionally much less structured and comprehensive organizations consisting of a usually haphazard collection of more or less independent offices of private doctors. The polyclinics in England however use the term polyclinic more or less like the term policlinic and its cognates in other languages.

title: Polyclinic


text:
Shuntian Times

Shuntian Times, also known as Shuntian Daily, or Shuntian Shibao, was a Chinese-language newspaper under Japanese ownership, published in the Shuntian Prefecture (Beiping) area of China, founded in December 1901 by Japanese entrepreneur Nakajima Masao (中島真雄). It is the first daily newspaper published by foreigners in Beiping.

Shuntian Times was a daily newspaper established by Nakajima Masao in Beiping in December 1901, when the Empress Dowager Cixi fled to Xi'an after the Boxer Rebellion. The newspaper was originally titled Yanjing Times (燕京时报), but was named "Shuntian Times" when Kuga Katsunan came to Beiping. In 1905, Shuntian Times became Japan's official propaganda organ. It was anti-Soviet and anti-Communism, calling the Soviet Union a red-blooded aggressor.

The newspaper had reporters in major cities in China, collecting intelligence on the Chinese political situation everywhere, and vigorously supporting China's pro-Japanese warlords, so it was ridiculed by people as Nitian Times (逆天时报).

On March 26, 1930, Shuntian Times published to No. 9284, and it was suspended due to the resistance of the Chinese people.

There was an American sinologist argued that, in addition to its pro-Japanese leanings, the Shuntian Times was a reliable and progressive journal. Generally speaking, it had a positive impact on Chinese political and cultural affairs.

title: Shuntian Times


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Creature template

The result was delete. Vanamonde (Talk) 15:00, 1 October 2019 (UTC)

Creature template

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Literally just a WP:GAMEGUIDE. Fails WP:GNG as a non-notable aspect of D&D. ZXCVBNM (TALK) 14:54, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Games-related deletion discussions. ZXCVBNM (TALK) 14:54, 24 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete - Non-notable concept with no secondary sources. This is just an attempt to explain game rules than an actual notable topic.  Rorshacma (talk) 01:11, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Science fiction-related deletion discussions. Necrothesp (talk) 10:38, 25 September 2019 (UTC)


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Cookbook:Oatmeal Banana Waffle

| Bread

Ingredients

 * 2 cups oatmeal
 * 2 cups water
 * ½ banana
 * 2 tablespoons powdered milk
 * 2 tablespoons olive oil
 * ½ teaspoon salt

Procedure

 * 1) Turn waffle iron on high.
 * 2) Put all ingredients in a blender and blend on high until the contents are smooth. Let the mixture sit for 10–15 minutes.
 * 3) Spray the waffle iron with non-stick cooking spray.
 * 4) Pour some of the batter onto the waffle iron. Cook for about 10 minutes. Repeat until you are out of batter.

title: Cookbook:Oatmeal Banana Waffle


text:
Template talk:Browsebar space

Browsebar
Please add to discussion on the usefulness of the browsebar/catbar headers, at Template talk:Browsebar. thanks. --Quiddity 21:11, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Well this one can be deleted still
Its just a lazy coding template. only inclusioned on 5 pages, I'll replace those now with a "browsebar nospace" and a br/. --Quiddity 07:36, 17 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Redirects are quick, easy, and cheap. (plus it gets those "Don't delete pages out off process" people of my back) Zzyzx11 (Talk) 15:21, 17 April 2006 (UTC)
 * 10-4 :) thanks. --Quiddity 19:29, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Browsebar space


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Apollos Rivoire

Apollos Rivoire (November 30, 1702 - July 22, 1754), often known as Paul Revere I, was a French-American Huguenot silversmith, active in Boston. He was father to Paul Revere, the famous American silversmith and patriot.

Biography
Rivoire was born in Riocaud, France, and on November 21, 1715, emigrated to his uncle Simon's house on the Isle of Guernsey. This was recorded in a family bible: "Apollos Rivoire, or son, was born the thirtieth of November, 1702, about ten o'clock at night and was baptized at Riancaud, France, Apollos Rivoire, my brother was his Godfather and Anne Maulmon my sister-in-law his Godmother. He set out for Guernsey on the 21st of November, 1715." While there he was apprenticed to his uncle, who soon afterward sent the boy to Boston with instructions to his correspondents to have him learn the goldsmith's trade.

Rivoire arrived in Boston about 1715 and was apprenticed about 1720 to John Coney. By the time Coney died in 1722, he had anglicized his name to Paul Revere. After Coney's death, Rivoire bought his freedom for about £40; the estate's inventory records "Paul Rivoire's Time abt Three Year & half as pr indenture £30/0/0," with an additional record reading "Cash received for Paul Rivoire's Time, more than it was prized at, £10." In 1723 he briefly revisited Guernsey, but returned to Boston and established himself as a gold and silversmith. At that time, his family name was variously spelled, "Reverie" and "Revear" being common. He married Deborah Hitchbourn on June 19, 1729, and with her ultimately had 11 children, of whom Paul Revere was the second. He advertised his shop location in The Boston Weekly News-Letter, May 21, 1730: "Paul Revere, Goldsmith is removed from Capt. Pitts at the Town Dock to North End over against Col. Hutchinson."

His work is collected in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, De Young Museum, and Hood Museum of Art.

title: Apollos Rivoire


text:
luminesce

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  To give off light, including in the invisible electromagnetic radiation frequencies, or become luminescent.
 * Phosphorus will only begin to luminesce at a certain small pressure of oxygen.

title: luminesce


text:
User:Artix Kreiger/Chusquea heterophylla

Chusquea heterophylla  is a species of Chusquea bamboo in the grass family.

Distribution
Chusquea  is endemic to


text:
Seaford School District

Seaford School District is a public school district situated in Sussex County in southern Delaware. The district encompasses a six-mile radius from the center of Seaford, and serves more than 3,200 students as of 2024.

Its attendance area includes Seaford, Blades, a small portion of Bridgeville, and their outlying neighborhoods, as well as Concord, Middleford, and Woodland.

Schools

 * High schools
 * Seaford High School

 * Middle schools
 * Seaford Middle School

 * Elementary schools
 * Blades Elementary School
 * Douglass (Frederick) Elementary School
 * Seaford Central Elementary School
 * West Seaford Elementary School

title: Seaford School District


text:
Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christian Theology/Origin of Sin

For the past several centuries, Christian Theologians point to the story of Adam and Eve as the Origin of Sin. This story proceeds that after God created Adam and Eve he also gave them instruction not to eat of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. A serpent, identified later in the Bible as Satan, persuaded Eve to eat of the fruit of this tree which God told them not to eat. She gave some fruit to Adam, and he also ate of it. They gained the Knowledge of Good and Evil, and then knew they were naked and were ashamed, and hurried to clothe themselves. God found them and, because they had disobeyed Him, cast them out of the Garden of Eden. Mercifully, He also bestowed the gift of death, so that they would not live forever, separated from Himself.

This sin is believed to have been transmitted down the generations, a sin which only the sacrifice of Jesus could rectify. The Bible says that sin entered the world through one man, Adam. Sin is nothing more than disobedience of God. It is often argued that God created evil, but that could not be, since God is perfect. He created mankind with free will, which included the ability to choose to disobey Him. Without that ability to choose, man could never have chosen to love God; rather, we would have been like little wind-up dolls that always say, "i love you", without really meaning it. With Adam's choice, sin entered the world and with it death.

We are born with the stain of that original sin, and our nature is to satisfy ourselves rather than obey God. But God cannot tolerate sin or be in its presence. We sinners have to have another way of getting to God's abode, which we call heaven. God so loved the (people in the) world that He gave His only Son to die a sacrificial death, to atone for man's sins, and to provide the redemption that man needs in order to get to heaven and live forever in God's presence. But He placed a condition on that redemption: believe in Jesus as the Savior, the One capable of forgiving one's sins. That belief leads to repentance and a desire to please God.


text:
User:Khayam kasomwoshi

ionel Andrés "Leo" Messi Cuccittini[note 1] (Spanish pronunciation: [ljoˈnel anˈdɾes ˈmesi] (About this sound listen); born 24 June 1987) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club Barcelona and the Argentina national team. Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many as the greatest of all time, Messi has a record-tying five Ballon d'Or awards,[note 2] four of which he won consecutively, and a record-tying four European Golden Shoes.[note 3] He has won 29 trophies with Barcelona, including eight La Liga titles, four UEFA Champions League titles, and five Copas del Rey. Both a prolific goalscorer and a creative playmaker, Messi holds the records for most official goals scored in La Liga (362), a La Liga season (50), a club football season in Europe (73), a calendar year (91), El Clásico (25), as well as those for most assists made in La Liga (141) and the Copa América (11). He has scored over 600 senior career goals for club and country.

Born and raised in central Argentina, Messi was diagnosed with a growth hormone deficiency as a child. At age 13, he relocated to Spain to join Barcelona, who agreed to pay for his medical treatment. After a fast progression through Barcelona's youth academy, Messi made his competitive debut aged 17 in October 2004. Despite being injury-prone during his early career, he established himself as an integral player for the club within the next three years, finishing 2007 as a finalist for both the Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year award, a feat he repeated the following year. His first uninterrupted campaign came in the 2008–09 season, during which he helped Barcelona achieve the first treble in Spanish football. At 22 years old, Messi won the Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year award by record voting margins.

Three successful seasons followed, with Messi winning three consecutive FIFA Ballon d'Ors, including an unprecedented fourth. His personal best campaign statistically to date was the 2011–12 season, in which he set the La Liga and European records for most goals scored in a single season, while establishing himself as Barcelona's all-time top scorer in official competitions in March 2012. The following two seasons, Messi finished twice second for the Ballon d'Or behind Cristiano Ronaldo, his perceived career rival. Messi regained his best form during the 2014–15 campaign, breaking the all-time goalscoring records in both La Liga and the Champions League in November 2014,[note 4] and led Barcelona to a historic second treble.

An Argentine international, Messi is his country's all-time leading goalscorer. At youth level, he won the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship, finishing the tournament with both the Golden Ball and Golden Shoe, and an Olympic gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics. His style of play as a diminutive, left-footed dribbler drew comparisons with compatriot Diego Maradona, who declared the teenager his successor. After making his senior debut in August 2005, Messi became the youngest Argentine to play and score in a FIFA World Cup during the 2006 ed

title: User:Khayam kasomwoshi


text:
Talk:Florent Marchet

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title: Talk:Florent Marchet


text:
Talk:Apotropaic magic

Sheela na Gig
Sheela na Gig's were for the most part not carved into the side of churches (at least in Ireland). They pre-dated Christian relics and were incorporated into the churches (either because they were on handy large rocks, or because of a conscious desire by Christians to co-opt symbols).

Thailand
This article culd have been written about Thailand, with just a few changes in nomenclature. Pawyilee (talk) 13:32, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

Merge with Apotrope/Apotropaism
Agree: Since the apotropaism article sets out to describe magic used for apotropaic purposes, I think it would be appropriate. Lusanaherandraton (talk) 18:57, 23 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Wasn't much to it.—Machine Elf 1735  20:32, 27 March 2011 (UTC)

Scaring evil spirits
Can anyone find an article somewhere that explains why people carved things that would scare people rather than speculating as to what an evil spirit would fear? It seems like most of these gargoyles and things look like evil spirits themselves. I guess maybe spirits would think the place was "taken" already. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:40, 13 June 2010 (UTC)

*groan*
"In ancient Greece, phalli were believed to have apotropaic qualities. [...] [M]any three-dimensional renditions [were] erected." An apposite choice of verb! Dricherby (talk) 12:20, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

Mongolian Names?
According to Mongolian Names, some Mongolian children are given names to confound evil spirits. Would something such as this bear a mention on this page? Tha Pyngwyn (talk) 16:33, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

Figa Amulet
Seems to be missing. In Brazil it is very common to use one - a closed hand forming a fist where the thumb is inserted between the index and middle fingers - to protect against envy and "evil-eye" but apparently the amulet existed in Roman and Etruscan cultures, as a fertility amulet. As a matter of fact even here in Wikipedia you have a picture of one, the top object displayed has the fist w/ thumb (on the left side) that makes the "figa" which is the portuguese word derived from the italian name for the fist amulet: "Mano Fico"

This article in portuguese expands a bit on the Figa and it's uses on various cultures  — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:13, 29 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Italian "Mano Fico" means literally "fig-hand". In Italian "fica" or "figa" (feminine of "fico" = fig, Latin "ficus / fica") is a circumlocution for the vagina, and this is also the meaning of the fist with thumb (the thumb representing the inserted penis). <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:11, 31 August 2016 (UTC) Marco Pagliero Berlin

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Airline emblem
I found the Tu rkish Air tail emblem striking in its resemblance to the documented talisman, to a degree that would make me oppose *removal* of the assertion.But i have tagged it w/ template:dubious, whether as an interim or permanent semi-disclaimer, believing that we need sounder evidence that the company's board, ceo, or president admit that the graphic is at least, say, "a traditional Turkish good luck symbol", i.e. some kind of admission that there's no  official story (truth or falsehood is no issue, bcz you can't disprove any reasonably well-constructed official line)  that has the effect of   disavowing the (IMO-embarassingly-backward) evil-eye storyline. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:05, 8 July 2017 (UTC) (its akward and perhaps impossible to log in, right. now, but if u want verification that i am user:Jerzy, request confirmationfj or denial at user talk:Jerzy and wait maybe a week or two until i manaage to log in again.  --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:20, 8 July 2017 (UTC)

Article Structure
Does anyone have a suggestion to improve the structure of the article? The current list of subchapters seems quite random, and any number of objects or rituals could be added. The whole thing seems a bit messy to me. It might make sense to have slightly broader subchapters, maybe according to beliefs or geographical location? Currently only Ancient Egypt is mentioned as a subchapter and the rest is just a random list. LGLou (talk) 10:41, 20 October 2022 (UTC)

Ward
Kinda bizarre this page uses the word 12 times and never once in its primary magic(k)al sense as a mark or word embued with protective powers. Ward (magic) redirects here for now since—although apotropaic mark should be the right place—right now it's exclusively focused on medieval European graffiti used as protection against witchcraft, while the idea of protective wards is far more general—certainly in pop culture fantasy and role playing games with magic(k)al elements but even culturally in ideas like painting ash crosses on supplicants during Ash Wednesday and painting arsenic tiger 王|undefineds on Chinese children during the Dragon Boat Festival. — Llywelyn II   08:21, 4 March 2023 (UTC)

Merge proposal
I believe Apotropaic mark should be merged to this page. That article is currently a Start-class, and the information overlaps per REDUNDANT. Adleid (talk) 09:39, 23 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Apotropaic magic