text:
Battle Born (album)

Battle Born is the fourth studio album by American rock band the Killers. It was released in the United Kingdom on September 17, 2012, by Vertigo Records and in the United States the following day by Island Records. The phrase "Battle Born" appears on the state flag of Nevada and is the name of the recording studio owned by the band, where the majority of the album was recorded.

Recorded following an extended hiatus, the band worked with five producers during the recording of the album: Steve Lillywhite, Damian Taylor, Brendan O'Brien, Stuart Price, and Daniel Lanois.

Background and recording
Following the completion of the band's Day & Age World Tour in January 2010, the Killers announced that the band would be entering an extended hiatus. During this time, frontman Brandon Flowers and bassist Mark Stoermer released solo albums, Flamingo (2010) and Another Life (2011), respectively, while drummer Ronnie Vannucci Jr. released a studio album with his side-project, Big Talk, and recorded with Mt. Desolation. Regarding the band's hiatus, Flowers noted, "Dave needed to see his kid and rest up. That was just how it worked. And so we ended up going off and doing solo things, and spending our time that way, and that was good, too. It was a good experience. It definitely taught us different ways of thinking about music."

In October 2011, the band ended its hiatus to begin work on a fourth studio album. Initial sessions were strained, with Flowers noting that the band members spent "about a week just eyeballing each other in a room." The composition of the album's first single, "Runaways", marked a turning point in their reunion, with Flowers noting: "That and 'Miss Atomic Bomb' were the backbone of this record. They made me feel we were on the right track."

Working at their Las Vegas studio, Battle Born, the band worked with producers Steve Lillywhite, Damian Taylor, Brendan O'Brien, Stuart Price, and Daniel Lanois. Initially, the band had wanted to work with just one, but scheduling difficulties led to the need for multiple producers.

The album was partially mixed by Alan Moulder, who also worked on the band's first two albums.

Release
On June 7, 2012, the Killers released a trailer for Battle Born. The track listing was announced on August 16. The album's first single was "Runaways", which received its first radio play on July 10. The single was leaked on Tumblr only hours before its official radio preview. Battle Born was released on September 17, 2012, in the United Kingdom and on September 18 in the United States. A week later, on September 25, the album was released as a vinyl disc.

Critical reception
Battle Born received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 64, based on 27 reviews.

Kyle Anderson of Entertainment Weekly wrote:

"The Killers themselves have always gone for the gold, boldly aiming to fill exotic stadiums with full-throated anthems about big ideas. Like the band's previous output, Battle Born only knows how to be epic: Opener 'Flesh and Bone' begins as a glitchy Soft Cell throwback before rapidly expanding into a glorious fireworks-and-brimstone sermon, while 'Miss Atomic Bomb' drives into the desert sunset in a convertible fueled by echoey guitars and glistening-eyed nostalgia. These are big songs, determined to deliver photo-finish climaxes every few seconds."

The Guardian's Kate Mossman gave the album three out of five stars, saying:

"With stagey soundscapes more Meat Loaf than Springsteen, and lines overloaded with postcard imagery ('Your star-spangled heart took a train for the coast'), you struggle to find the energy till the third or fourth listen, when 'Heart of a Girl' (co-written with Daniel Lanois) and 'From Here on Out' (which sounds just like the Eagles) reveal themselves to be the sweetest, most sincere explorations of a kind of US rock that will always raise hairs on the necks of those who like this sort of thing."

Accolades
Battle Born was voted the second Best Album of 2012 by the readers of Rolling Stone magazine. Fuse's staff listed it as the 23rd Best Album of 2012.

Commercial performance
Battle Born debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200, selling 113,000 copies in its opening week. , it had sold 344,158 copies in the United States. The album debuted atop the UK Albums Chart with first-week sales of 93,989 copies—at that point the third highest opening tally of 2012—becoming the band's fourth consecutive number-one studio album in the United Kingdom. It had sold 371,000 copies in the United Kingdom. Battle Born also debuted at number three on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling 12,000 copies. The album reached the top 10 in 20 countries and became the 45th best-selling album worldwide of 2012, with sales of one million copies by the end of 2012.

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of the deluxe edition of Battle Born.

Studios

 * Battle Born Studios (Las Vegas, Nevada) – recording (tracks 1, 2, 5–15); mixing (tracks 1, 3, 6–11, 13–15)
 * Blackbird Studios (Nashville, Tennessee) – recording (tracks 2–4); mixing (track 4)
 * Golden Ratio (Montreal) – mixing (tracks 1, 6, 11, 14)
 * Assault and Battery 1 (London) – mixing (track 2)
 * Germano Studios (New York City) – mixing (tracks 5, 12)
 * The Lodge (New York City) – mastering

The Killers

 * Brandon Flowers
 * Dave Keuning
 * Mark Stoermer
 * Ronnie Vannucci Jr.

Additional musicians

 * Stuart Price – additional keyboards, programming (tracks 7, 13)
 * Damian Taylor – keyboards, programming (tracks 9, 12)
 * Las Vegas Master Singers – background vocals (tracks 9, 12)
 * Alissa Fleming – violin (track 12)
 * Jennifer Eriksson – violin (track 12)
 * Nate Kimball – trombone (track 15)
 * Isaac Tubb – trumpet (track 15)

Technical

 * Steve Lillywhite – production (tracks 1, 5, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15); additional production (track 2); mixing (track 9)
 * Damian Taylor – production (tracks 1, 5, 6, 11, 14); mixing (tracks 1, 6, 11, 12, 14); additional production (track 2)
 * Robert Root – recording (tracks 1, 2, 5–15); mixing (tracks 1, 3, 8–10, 14, 15)
 * Brendan O'Brien – production, recording (tracks 2–4); mixing (track 4)
 * Alan Moulder – mixing (tracks 2, 5, 12)
 * Catherine Marks – mix engineering (track 2)
 * John Catlin – mix engineering (track 2)
 * Felix Rashman – mixing assistance (track 2)
 * Kenta Yonesaka – engineering assistance (tracks 5, 12)
 * Stuart Price – production, mixing (track 7, 13); remix (track 14)
 * The Killers – production (track 8)
 * Daniel Lanois – production (track 9)
 * Emily Lazar – mastering
 * Joe LaPorta – mastering

Artwork

 * Warren Fu – art direction, design
 * Martin Gomez – layout
 * Williams + Hirakawa – photography
 * Wyatt Boswell – additional photos
 * Kristen Yiengst – art and photography production
 * Doug Joswick – package production

title: Battle Born (album)


text:
Siphocampylus sulfureus

Siphocampylus sulfureus is a species of plant in the family Campanulaceae. It grows as an annual herbaceous shrub to 3 m (occasionally 4 m) tall. It has tubular yellow flowers arranged in whorls around the vertical stems. The flowers emit a pungent musky smell reminiscent of foxes, particularly at night. In daytime, white-throated hummingbirds (Leucochloris albicollis), Brazilian rubies (Clytolaema rubricauda) and purple-breasted plovercrests visit the flowers while at night the tailed tailless bat (Anoura caudifer) visits.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Siphocampylus sulfureus


text:
User:Megachucks

Edede Nwali (Oka-Ome 1 of Amuda Effium)

A.K.A Unbeatable￼! Amala Dede I of Ndieze, The Ogbago-jiogwu 1 of Ezza Effium.

Late Chief Edede Nwali Born in 1914 to the family of Late Nwali Eke of Ndieze Amuda-Effium in Ohaukwu LGA of Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

He died on June 21st 2009. Buried on 22nd June 2009. Final burial and funeral rites took place from 4-6/2/2018

Late Chief Edede Nwali was the longest serving chief priest of Ndieze clan, Amuda. He was the first person in Amuda Effium to buy a branded new motocycle for private use and also the first person to build zinc house in the community.

He was also the leader and grand patron of the Amuda masquerades for many decades! His notable contribution in the development and maintenance of peace in the area made him numbered one. Well know for his good hygiene as he never drink water from the well, streams or dams...only the pump and rain water.

In the history of community primary school, Amuda...Edede Nwali's was in charge of safekeeping all valuables of the school, including cubiod, yams, etc

Late Elder Edede Nwali, married to four wives and before his death was confirmed the eldest man of Ndieze (Buolun) clan!

Survived by;

Mrs Ijeoma Edede : Wife

Mrs Nwafor Elechi ; Sister

Mrs Ezaka Offia ; Sister

Mr Joseph Edede: Son

Mr Edede Michael; Son

Engr. Edede Barnabas Chukwuma : Son

Engr Edede Uchenna; Son

Mr Paul Nwali Brother

Mrs Nworie Victoria ; Daughter

Ngozi, And Chiamaka (Eke) ; Daughters

written by; Engr Edede Barnabas Chukwuma. (Son)￼.

Founder/CEO @ Vistarl Global Network Limited. URL; https://vistarl.com

title: User:Megachucks


text:
User:Wikijeff

Howdy,

I've been involved in Wiki's such as Wikipedia and Wikisource for a long time now. —Wikijeff!

title: User:Wikijeff


text:
Spectre R42

The Spectre R42 is a 2-seater mid-engined rear-wheel drive sports car manufactured by British boutique automobile manufacturer Spectre Supersports Ltd.

History
Ray Christopher, associated with the GT Development firm, which was notable for building accurate replicas of Ford GT40 envisioned his own version of the GT40 of the 1990s. The R42 was the modern reincarnation of the GT40 and had similar layout, proportions and updated monocoque construction. The name R42 paid homage to the original GT40 (the height of the GT40 was 42 inches and R was the a breviation for the designer's first name Ray). The design incorporated elements from the famous sports cars of the time such as the Lamborghini Countach, the Jaguar XJR-15 and the Ferrari 288 GTO. The coefficient of drag of was considered the best in its class.

Ray's original intention was to create an endurance racing car which could emerge victorious at LeMans, just like the GT40. In order to achieve this feat, a limited number of road going examples of the car were required to be produced in order for the car to be homologated for racing.

Development of the car began in late 1992 and a scale model was built for wind testing along with a running prototype. The R42 was first shown at the 1993 London Motor Show held in October. Unfortunately, the company went into receivership due to high development costs of the car and ongoing economic recession.

A take-over by the American company Spectre Motors Inc. led by GT Development's former sales agent Anders Hildebrand in March 1995, brightened the possibility of the R42 going into production. Anders brought the rights of the car for US$2.5 million and put it into production just four months later at a 12,000 sq. ft.production facility in Poole, a small town located in Dorset, England. Each car took 2,000 man hours to manufacture.

Anders reorganized production, brought in investors and involved Derek Bell as chairman and development consultant. He also launched the ALCO-Spectre racing programme, resulting in the development of the R42 GTR, the racing variant of the R42. The company sold the R42 for GB£70,000 each and only managed to sell 23 cars with most of the cars destined to Switzerland.

Quality issues would suffice and the choice of fibreglass over the originally planned carbon fibre along with poor fit and finish resulted in negative reviews. The automotive press also reprimanded the practice of borrowing parts from other cars for an expensive sports car (the R42 utilised the Toyota MR2's front indicators and door handles; Honda Legend's tail lamps and interior parts from the Ford Fiesta) along with the controversial rear design which incorporated a lot of cooling vents.

Anders then aimed to replace the R42 with a more potent R45. Two prototypes were developed and the second prototype (finished in yellow colour) was presented at the 1997 London Motor Show by actor Desmond Llewellyn with the production version scheduled to debut at the 1998 London Motor Show but the absence of sufficient funds for the car's development and other losses led the company into receivership.

Specifications and performance
The chassis of the car consists of an aluminium honeycomb monocoque and a tubular steel space frame. The car has a fibreglass body, which gave it the final weight of around 1,550 kg. The R42 utilised an all-aluminium 4.6-litre (281 cubic inches) Ford V8 engine (shared with the Mustang Cobra with 4 valves per cylinder which generates 355 PS and 317 lbft of torque allowing the car to accelerate to 97 kph from a standstill in 4.5 seconds and on to a top speed of 175 mph. The engine was mated to a 5-speed manual transmission having a Getrag transaxle with a 6-speed transmission available as an option.

The car had a weight distribution of 42% at the front and 58% at the rear because of the mid-mounted engine. The 17-inch OZ racing alloy wheels wrapped in tyres measuring 235/45 ZR17 at the front and 335/35 ZR17 at the rear provided optimum grip. The race-style independent suspension consisted of adjustable anti-roll bars at the rear, inverted wishbones, parallel radius rods, anti-roll bars; rising-rate coil springs and adjustable Spax gas telescopic dampers at the front and the rear respectively. The brakes were made by AP racing with 295 mm vented discs front and aft along with four piston callipers at the front and rear and had servo-motor assistance.

The interior of the R42 had Walnut wood trim and Wilton carpets. Some of the elements of the interior were borrowed from the Ford Fiesta (such as air conditioning vents, starter motor etc.). The interior had anti-glare Alcantara combined with the leather upholstery and custom made gauges with the speed-o-meter reading 200 mph. The leather sports seats and pedals were adjustable to customer's specifications. Some complaints surfaced about the interior not having enough headroom. Visibility was considered to be good compared to other mid-engined sports cars of the time.

R42 GTR
The R42 GTR is the racing variant of the R42. Introduced at the 1996 London Motor Show under the ALCO-Spectre racing programme, the car was built under FIA regulations to compete in the BRDG GT racing series and the 24 Hours of LeMans. The 4.6-litre V8 engine used in the road car was modified to generate a power output of 600 PS and was mated to a 6-speed sequential manual transmission. The car weighed a total of 1000 kg.

Despite being scheduled to compete at the 1997 24 Hours of LeMans, financial troubles among the company forced them to abandon the project and the car never went racing.

Other media
The R42 had a starring role in the 1997 Ian Sharp film "RPM" where it plays the prototype eco-friendly sports car that leading actor David Arquette has to steal. The R42 also made an appearance in the 1998 racing game Need for Speed III: Hot Pursuit as a downloadable car.

title: Spectre R42


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Raziq Rauf

The result of the debate was delete. Mailer Diablo 03:53, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Raziq Rauf
Does not sound notable to me. Autobiography. 542 google hits. Thue | talk 09:14, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, drownedinsound is a notable publication, but he's not a core contributor, and this is an autobiography. —This unsigned comment was added by Lankiveil (talk • contribs).

 * Delete as no-notable. Jud e (talk,contribs,email) 12:40, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. ¡Dustimagic!  ( T / C ) 13:52, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. --Khoikhoi 05:23, 21 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
User:HamzaSoliman1212/sandbox

All About Hamza Soliman:
Hamza Soliman (حمزة سليمان), an American-Candian-Egyptian is currently a famous kids books author who works on Amazon. He has written over twenty books on Amazon, and most of them are biographies of famous celebrities.[1] It took him a really long time to make these books. Here is a link to my personal website where I blog things. Hamza Soliman also submitted an app called Birthday Tracker which reminds people about their birthdays. I think it is pretty cool. Hamza began working as an author just at mid-August, and he went so far in such little time! Honestly, I think that it is pretty impressive for someone who just started last month.

The Books he Made:
Hamza Soliman made exactly twenty-one books on Amazon, and he spends a lot of his own free time to work on his books. You can find all of Hamza's books on Amazon and on Good Reads. Hamza also made a few paperback books too. Try searching his name on google. Please support and buy his books.

title: User:HamzaSoliman1212/sandbox


text:
Justis Huni

Justis Huni (born 4 April 1999) is an Australian professional boxer. He has held the Australian heavyweight title since 2020. As an amateur, he won a bronze medal at the 2019 World Championships.

Early life
Huni was born on 4 April 1999 in Meadowbrook, a suburb of Logan City, in the metropolitan area of Brisbane, Queensland. He is of Tongan, Swedish, Samoan and Dutch descent. His first sporting love was rugby league where he began playing for the Souths Sunnybank Magpies as a child but gave away the sport at the age of eight to pursue a career in boxing.

World Championships result
Yekaterinburg 2019
 * First round: Defeated Cristian Salcedo (Colombia) 5–0
 * Second round: Defeated Nigel Paul (Trinidad and Tobago) RSC
 * Quarter-finals: Defeated Mahammad Abdullayev (Azerbaijan) 5–0
 * Semi-finals: Defeated by Kamshybek Kunkabayev (Kazakhstan) W/O

Early career
On 22 October 2020, Huni made his professional debut against Australian heavyweight champion, Faiga Opelu. Huni dominated throughout the bout and in the seventh round, he secured victory after his opponent's corner threw in the towel to protect Opelu from further damage.

On 3 December 2020, Huni fought for the second time as a professional against Arsene Fosso. After controlling the opening three rounds, referee Phil Austin called a halt to the fight in the fourth round after Fosso took a number of heavy blows from Huni.

Huni had three more professional fights in the first half of 2021, knocking out Jack Maris on 10 April and defeating Christian Tsoye by unanimous decision on 26 May to retain his Australian heavyweight title. His most publicised fight took place on 16 June, when Huni entered the ring against ex-rugby league player, turned professional boxer, Paul Gallen. In what was a bruising encounter, Huni controlled the fight and overcame his 39-year-old opponent in the 10th round after knocking him to the ground. The referee declared the fight over with Huni improving his record to 5-0 while handing Gallen his first defeat.

Huni was set to represent Australia at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo in the super-heavyweight division but was ruled out due to injury.

On October 28, 2023 in Cancun, Mexico, Huni was scheduled to face Andrew Tabiti for the WBA International heavyweight title. Huni won the fight easily.

On March 8, 2024 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Huni defeated Kevin Lerena by unanimous decision.

title: Justis Huni


text:
User:Abdallah albeltagy/Books/Biochemistry

Chemistry Of Life

 * Chemistry
 * Organic chemistry
 * Carbon
 * Biomolecule
 * Biosynthesis
 * Protein
 * Protein biosynthesis
 * Carbohydrate
 * Fat
 * Lipid
 * Fatty acid
 * Peptide
 * Nucleic acid
 * Amino acid
 * Enzyme
 * Vitamin
 * Biopolymer
 * Metabolism
 * Metabolic pathway
 * Metabolite
 * Cofactor (biochemistry)
 * Small molecule
 * Structural coloration
 * Biological pigment
 * Melanin
 * Macromolecule
 * Chemical energy
 * Adenosine triphosphate
 * Molecular biology


text:
J Awards of 2013

The J Award of 2013 is the ninth annual J Awards, established by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's youth-focused radio station Triple J. The announcement comes at the culmination of Ausmusic Month (November). For the sixth and final year, three awards were presented; Australian Album of the Year, Australian Music Video of the Year and Unearthed Artist of the Year.

The winners were announced on Triple J on Friday 22 November 2013.

Who's eligible?
Any Australian album released independently or through a record company, or sent to Triple J in consideration for airplay, is eligible for the J Award. The 2013 nominations for Australian Album of the Year and Australian Music Video of the Year were selected from releases received by Triple J between November 2012 and October 2013. For Unearthed Artist of the Year it was open to any artist from the Unearthed (talent contest), who has had a ground breaking and impactful 12 months from November 2012 and October 2013.

title: J Awards of 2013


text:
Talk:Green River (Illinois)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Green River (Illinois). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/66gupqQDM?url=http%3A%2F%2Fviewer.nationalmap.gov%2Fviewer%2F to http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:15, 25 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Green River (Illinois)


text:
Talk:List of lagomorphs

Title
Why the convoluted name? Why not just call it the "List of lagomorphs"? Abyssal (talk) 15:16, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

Missing species
This list does not list the all 27 currently recognized species for Sylvilagus and the all 34 currently recognized species for Ochotona; see Cottontail rabbit, respectively Pika. -- NGC 54  ( talk ｜  contribs ) 14:04, 18 February 2023 (UTC)
 * As stated at those two lists, yes, they don't match- this list follows the guidelines of WP:MAMMAL that we start with the species listed in Mammal Species of the World 3rd ed. (2005), and then add/remove species where both the IUCN and ASM agree. The articles you mention do not do this; for example Cottontail rabbit has the Bogota tapeti, Sylvilagus apollinaris, but that's not in MSW or recognized by the IUCN, just ASM, while Pika has the Flat-headed pika, O. flatcalvariam, but that's also not in MSW or recognized by the IUCN, just ASM So, it's not that this list is missing species, it's that those articles have species that they shouldn't. -- Pres N  15:05, 18 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of lagomorphs


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/beautypageants.in

Links

 * beautypageants.in resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * COIBot domainredlist search for link beautypageants.in gives:
 * beautypageants.in (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist (diff))
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
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 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

 * m.beautypageants.in resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * m.beautypageants.in is hosted on beautypageants.indiatimes.com
 * beautypageants.indiatimes.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
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Users

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Additions

 * Displayed all 161 additions.


text:
Novosmolenka

Novosmolenka (Новосмоленка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Verkh-Anuysky Selsoviet, Bystroistoksky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 18 as of 2013. There is 1 street.

Geography
Novosmolenka is located on the Anuy River, 42 km southeast of Bystry Istok (the district's administrative centre) by road. Smolensky is the nearest rural locality.

title: Novosmolenka


text:
User:Georginablack95

Georginablack95
I'm a student at the University of Edinburgh, in my seniors honours year.

My example citation
I read an interesting article on the BBC News site about Bombardier tax ruling.

My Example List

 * Hockey
 * dogs
 * uni
 * the skite

title: User:Georginablack95


text:
User:Bobbylng

Robert lungu jr. Is a zambian Rapper and singer he goes by the name YRNG Ex, YRNG was born in 29/02/2004 (age 16)

title: User:Bobbylng


text:
Talk:Dat Phan

Untitled
What relevance does the video of Dat Phan on Tough Crowd have to the article? It's not a reference for anything nor does it seem like a particularly notable video. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:28, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

Vietnamese diacritics
Need diacritics in his name. Badagnani 08:11, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Dat Phan. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100311182159/http://www.nctimes.com/entertainment/art-and-theater/theater/article_08631056-e5c2-51a0-b2a9-8d810dd34a5d.html to http://www.nctimes.com/entertainment/art-and-theater/theater/article_08631056-e5c2-51a0-b2a9-8d810dd34a5d.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100311182630/http://www.asianweek.com/2008/09/16/dat-phan-joins-jade-ribbon-campaign/ to http://www.asianweek.com/2008/09/16/dat-phan-joins-jade-ribbon-campaign/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100416141053/http://www.sacramentopress.com/headline/23166/Dat_Phan_From_Homeless_to_Headliner to http://www.sacramentopress.com/headline/23166/Dat_Phan_From_Homeless_to_Headliner

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:39, 5 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dat Phan


text:
Maddur Assembly constituency

Maddur Assembly constituency is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka a south state of India. It is also part of Mandya Lok Sabha constituency.

Karnataka State
^By Poll

title: Maddur Assembly constituency


text:
hemodynamics

Noun

 * 1)  The circulation and movement of blood in the body, and the forces involved therein.

Related terms

 * hemodynamicist

Translations

 * Chinese: 血流動力學
 * Dutch: hemodynamiek
 * French: hémodynamique
 * German: Hämodynamik
 * Japanese: 血行動態
 * Korean: 혈액유동
 * Polish:
 * Spanish: hemodinámica

title: hemodynamics


text:
Talk:Philosophy of science

Greetings, here is what will hopefully become an evolving collection of the answers to the questions we have in class. If done properly, they should become a valuable source of knowledge to use when studying for the exam on December 14 2006.

I think if everyone could try and make a contribution to this effort that will help ensure accuracy and fairness in our answers. I've checked with Professor Maher and he is happy for us to do this, provided we understand that he doesn't guarantee the answers are correct. (Use caution with this study aid - text in bold needs checking with the professor.)

Some concerns
This is probably no big deal at all, but some concerns have been raised about this resource here. Please take a look at the discussion and give us a bit of feedback, if you don't mind.

It would be quite valuable to see if you can get some input from your instructor about posting this type of material (good material, by the way) on Wikiversity. Wikiversity does not support "cheating", however we do encourage collaborative learning in myriad forms.

We're new at this, and we are open to dialog from "real world" academia in defining what is and is not acceptable here at Wikiversity. Thanks in advance! CQ 00:40, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

See comments on the colloquium. Darvo 01:58, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

Philosophy 270: Philosophy of Science website, example of online review questions at patrick.maher1.net--JWSchmidt 15:06, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

Concerns removed! <IP_ADDRESS> 06:47, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Image caption
"Christine Fleener - prominent astrologer (speciality: tea leaves)" <-- Please provide a reliable source for this statement. What is the educational value of this image? --JWSchmidt 04:10, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Philosophy of science


text:
1916 Parramatta state by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Parramatta on 12 February 1916 following the death of sitting Nationalist Party member, Tom Moxham.

title: 1916 Parramatta state by-election


text:
kolektor

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from , from , from + , from.

Noun

 * 1) a person who or a thing that collects, or which creates or manages a collection
 * 2) a person who is employed to collect payments

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) collector:
 * 2) A person who or thing that collects, or which creates or manages a collection.
 * 3) A person who is employed to collect payments.
 * 4)  A current collector on an electric train or locomotive which is in contact with the live rail.
 * 5)  The amplified terminal on a bipolar junction transistor.

Noun

 * 1) collector

title: kolektor


text:
Gastón Magnetti

Gastón Orlando Magnetti (born 19 January 1985) is an Argentine-Spanish footballer who plays for Swiss club FC Collina d'Oro as a centre-forward.

title: Gastón Magnetti


text:
Nacho Neira

Ignacio 'Nacho' Neira Pedraja (born 16 November 1986) is a Spanish footballer who plays for Club Portugalete as a central defender.

Club career
Born in Santoña, Cantabria, Neira graduated from local CD Laredo's youth system, but made his senior debuts with Santoña CF in the 2005–06 season, in the Tercera División. He first arrived in the Segunda División B in 2008 with Racing de Santander B, after a brief stint at Gimnástica de Torrelavega.

In July 2009 Neira returned to Gimnástica, now in the third tier. On 31 January 2013, after featuring regularly for the club over the course of three-and-a-half seasons, he moved abroad for the first time in his career, joining Greek Football League side Kalloni F.C.

Neira played his first match as a professional on 22 May 2013, starting in a 3–0 away win against Anagennisi Giannitsa F.C., in which was his maiden appearance in the competition. On 21 June he returned to his home country, signing for third-tier Barakaldo CF; he subsequently resumed his career in the same division, representing FC Cartagena and Sestao River.

title: Nacho Neira


text:
Filmmaking Basics/Planning the Movie/Animation

This Film School page is under construction
 * Lesson
 * WikiU Film School - Lesson #003: Planning the Movie - Animation Considerations

 * Pages of this Lesson
 * Title Page
 * Page 1 - The animatic
 * Page 2 - Filming
 * Page 3 - Animation  → You Are Here!
 * Page 4 - Aspect Ratio & Frame Size
 * Page 5 - Audio

 * Current Location
 * Current Location
 * Wikiversity (English) $$\Leftrightarrow$$ Humanities $$\Leftrightarrow$$ Art and Design $$\Leftrightarrow$$ Fine Arts $$\Leftrightarrow$$ Film and Television $$\Leftrightarrow$$ Narrative Film Production $$\Leftrightarrow$$  Course #01 - Learning the Basics of Filmmaking $$\Leftrightarrow$$ Lesson #003: Planning the Movie $$\Leftrightarrow$$ Page 3 - Animation Considerations

Animation Considerations Today
While this movie will be filmed, I want to also create an animated version.

Rather than use expensive animation, we will use digital puppet for Poser and DAZ Studio which is the same programs we are using for the 3D storyboards.

Conclusions

 * An animated version will also be created.
 * The Character Animation will be done with DAZ Studio or Poser
 * The scenery Animation will be done with Vue

To be completed shortly... Robert Elliott 03:33, 30 September 2006 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Krumkake

Ice cream cone
Is any similarity to the modern waffle or sugar ice cream cone purely coincidental? -Onceler 05:39, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

I doubt it - according to the page on ice cream cones, paper and metal cones were used in the 19th century, which doesn't pre-date krumkake. It seems like they each independently evolved as cone shapes, and the modern (edible) ice cream cone was adopted after a way was found to keep it from getting soggy. --Ettalynn 00:36, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

---

Krum
Afaik, krum means bent, but not curved in Norwegian. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:48, 1 May 2009 (UTC)

Merge
This seems like a no-brainer to me, as Krum Kaka is the exact same cookie, just spelled differently.Hojimachong 03:08, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I have never seen the misspelling “Krum Kaka” before, and it seems to be more or less non-existent outside of Wikipedia. Was it perhaps added to Wikipedia as a joke or a hoax? In any case, 10 years is enough, I'm removing it. Regards, Kjetil_r 11:04, 20 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Krumkake


text:
User:RMK~enwikibooks

I am trying to figure out how to start contributing some worthwhile material for an introductory text about Western Philosophy, as I am both a professor and student of the subject (having lived and taught in Asia for a few years, Eastern Philosophy is also an interest, but I have much less formal training in that subject). Unfortunately, my three jobs (see below) keep me ridiculously busy, so my time to contribute will be very limited and the pace of progress on the project undoubtedly slow.

Nonetheless, this Wikibook project interests me less because it will save college students some cash (though I think that is great), and more because it will provide quality educational materials to everyone, everywhere. I am very enthusiastic about open source software, and the collaborative power of the open source model in general. It can clearly produce amazing results outside the software world as evidenced by excellent resources like Wikipedia and her sister projects. Ultimately, I am a proponent of free of speech and thought, and am committed to the transformative power of education. I think it is one of the most liberating and empowering forces on the planet and should be freely available to people all over the world regardless of economic status, culture, language, or location.

What else, can I or should I tell you about myself? I have a day job as a Technology Consultant at a mid-size university where I also teach both philosophy and technology courses (yes, I realize it is a seemingly strange mix). In addition I have a small computer consulting business in my home town.

title: User:RMK~enwikibooks


text:
User:Ashish bheemwal

ASHISH BHEEMWAL is an indian student politician. Born 17 February 2002, ASHISH BHEEMWAL is an indian AMBEDKARITE student activist. He is a Social Media In charged.

Early Life and Education
ASHISH BHEEMWAL was born in BASSI at JAIPUR district in RAJASTHAN. He belongs to BAHUJAN community and his Father DEVI SAHAY BAIRWA is a private employee.

ASHISH BHEEMWAL stundet of B.sc Nursing which are pursuing

[[File:Pic of Ashish Bheemwal.jpg|thumb|ASHISH BHEEMWAL

BORN 17 FEBRUARY2002

BASSI, JAIPUR, RAJSTHAN

]]

Policical Career
ASHISH BHEEMWAL is an indian student politician. Born 17 February 2002, ASHISH BHEEMWAL is an indian AMBEDKARITE student activist. He is a Social Media In charged and ashish bheemwal folllower of Buddha and baba saheb ambedkar, bhagat singh, etc

title: User:Ashish bheemwal


text:
Q3Map2/Light

 -areascale

 * Scales up area (shader) lights by the prescribed factor. Q3Map2 -light -areaScale 0.25 will result in area lights that are only 25% as bright as those in a .bsp compiled with -light -areaScale 1.0.

 -approx

 * Approximates lightmaps within a byte tolerance of N. Q3Map2 -light -approx forces simple surfaces without much shadow detail to be vertex lit, thus saving lightmaps. The range is from 0-255, 0 being default (no approximation).

 -border

 * Creates a debugging border around each lightmap.

 -bounce

 * Enables Q3Map2 radiosity, calculating radiosity light through N bounces.

 -bouncegrid

 * Allows bounced light to affect the lightgrid.

 -bouncescale

 * Scales up radiosity lights by the prescribed factor.

<tt> -cheap</tt>

 * Stops Q3Map2 from calculating light on a sample after it exceeds (255, 255, 255). This may produce odd artifacts on maps with lots of saturated colored lighting. Also, do not use cheap with radiosity if you want to preserve all the emitted light.

<tt> -cheapgrid</tt>

 * Stops Q3Map2 from calculating light on a sample after it exceeds (255, 255, 255), but only for the lightgrid.

<tt> -compensate <N.N></tt>

 * Scales back lightmap values to adjust for overbrighting when -gamma is used. For Quake III: Arena, a good compensate value is 4, though some experimentation may be needed to find an aesthetic that suits your particular map.

<tt> -cpma</tt>

 * Enables full vertex lighting including occlusion on all surfaces, including lightmapped. Causes incorrect handling of -approx in Q3A even with special shaders.

<tt> -dark</tt>

 * Enables darkening of lightmaps at brush/lightmap seams. Sort of like a half-assed occlusion pass, ends up looking a bit Unreal 1-ish.  Very subtle.

<tt> -debug</tt>

 * Enables lightmap debugging.

<tt> -debugaxis</tt>

 * Colors lightmaps based on their projection axis.

<tt> -debugcluster</tt>

 * Colors lightmaps based on the PVS cluster the luxel falls into.

<tt> -debugorigin</tt>

 * Colors lightmaps based on the luxel origin relative to the raw lightmap's bounding box.

<tt> -debugunused</tt>

 * Colors unused luxels hot pink.

<tt> -deluxe</tt>

 * Generates deluxemaps for directional light attenuation. These are only used by engines that have the capability, such as Darkplaces(Nexuiz), QFusion(Warsow) and XreaL.

<tt> -dirty</tt>

 * Enables ambient occlusion or "dirtmapping". Ambient occlusion approximates light attenuation due to occlusion. Basically, less-visible areas (such as nooks and crannies, cracks and crevices) will become darker. Check the 2.5.14 release thread for further details.

<tt> -dirtdepth <N></tt>

 * Use with -dirty. Sets maximum depth of occlusion checking in game units (default 128).

<tt> -dirtmode <N></tt>

 * Use with -dirty. Controls the mode in which the dirtmap is calculated. According to RaP7oR: "The Uniform Mode tries to create a very smooth looking dirtmap, while the Noise Mode is, uh, noisy."
 * 0 = Uniform Mode (default)
 * 1 = Noise Mode

<tt> -dirtscale <N.N></tt>

 * Use with -dirty. Scales up the "darkness" of the dirtmapping effect by the prescribed factor.

<tt> -dump</tt>

 * Dumps radiosity lights into numbered prefabs.

<tt> -fast</tt>

 * Enables light envelopes for area (shader) lights. This includes radiosity lights.  Results in a much quicker -light compiles, but darkens all enveloped light sources considerably—this can be compensated for easily by raising your surfacelight values.
 * Do not be confused by the "fast" nomenclature... -fast is perfectly suitable for "final" compiles.

<tt> -fastbounce</tt>

 * Enables -fast style calculations, but only for radiosity lights.

<tt> -faster</tt>

 * Enables -faster light calculation. Faster is a debug test mode only, and produces really crappy results (but quickly). Use only when your compiles are taking forever for testing. Fast is the mode you should be using for normal/final compiles.

<tt> -fastgrid</tt>

 * Enables -fast style calculations, but only for the lightgrid.

<tt> -filter</tt>

 * Applies a gaussian blur to lightmaps, smoothing out shadows. Sounds good in theory, but -filter doesn't play nice with a lot of the more interesting effects... don't use it.  Use -samples instead.

<tt> -gamma <N.N></tt>

 * Creates a more realistic color ramp between "light" and "dark." Good values are in the 1.4-2.2 range.  Games that use r_overBrightBits and r_mapOverBrightBits (Quake III: Arena, most notably) will need those cvars disabled unless -compensate is used accordingly.

<tt> -lightmapsize <N></tt>

 * Limits the lightmap size. Default is 128.

<tt> -lomem</tt>

 * Trades increased compile time for decreased memory usage. If you are getting safe_malloc errors (or just running out of RAM), try this switch.

<tt> -nocollapse</tt>

 * Disables collapsing of identical lightmaps. This switch is required for Q3Map2 lightstyles.

<tt> -nogrid</tt>

 * Disables calculation of the lightgrid.

<tt> -normalmap</tt>

 * Colors lightmaps based on the facings of their vertex normals.

<tt> -nosurf</tt>

 * Disables the surface tracing of detail brushes and patch meshes for shadow casting.

<tt> -notrace</tt>

 * No light tracing is performed. As a result, no shadows will be cast.

<tt> -novertex</tt>

 * Disables the calculation of vertex lighting.

<tt> -patchshadows</tt>

 * Enables the casting of shadows by patch meshes.

<tt> -pointscale <N.N></tt>

 * Scales up point (entity) lights by the prescribed factor.

<tt> -samples <N></tt>

 * Enables intelligent antialiasing of shadow edges in lightmaps. A value of 2 both looks good and compiles quickly, while a value of 3 looks great but compiles somewhat more slowly.

<tt>-samplesize <N></tt>

 * Writes the prescribed samplesize argument to the .srf surface file. The .srf file (and thus -samplesize) affects the -light phase of compile.  A lower -samplesize value produces more sharply defined lightmaps.  The default samplesize is 16; a samplesize value of 8 produces a blurry, but good quality compile, suitable to call "final" if you aren't looking for extreme detail. A value of 4 produces a more detailed one, but small artifacts may start appearing occasionally.  A samplesize value of 1 produces the most possible detailed lightmap, but also creates "stadium lights" artifacts, a much larger BSP file size and lower game performance.

 * Note that the .srf surface file is generated by the -bsp phase of the compile, so -samplesize must be added to the -bsp phase aswell as to the -light phase to make any effect.

<tt> -scale <N.N></tt>

 * Scales up all light sources by the prescribed factor.

<tt> -shade</tt>

 * Enables phong shading.

<tt> -sky <N.N></tt>

 * Scales up all sun/sky light sources by the prescribed factor. In this new era of -gamma -compensate, -sky 3 can allow "old style" sky shaders to be used without manually rewriting them.

<tt> -sunonly</tt>

 * Computes sun/sky light only, no other light sources.

<tt> -super <N></tt>

 * Enables arbitrarily ordered grid supersampling of lightmaps. This is much, much, much slower than -samples, by the way.

<tt> -thresh <N.N></tt>

 * Sets the recursive triangle subdivision threshold. The range is 0.0-1.0.

 * In order to determine the luxel normal for phong shading and bumpmapping, Q3Map2 recursively subdivides the map's triangles until no side is longer than the distance specified in -thresh (T) times samplesize (S).

 * The reason lower values of -thresh are used are for when you want more accurate phong and bumpmapping. Lower values = smaller triangles = more samples per luxel (lightmap pixel) = more accurate normal = smoother shading.

<tt> -v</tt>

 * Enables verbose mode. Always use this.

title: Q3Map2/Light


text:
Jang Thill

Jang Thill (23 January 1913 – 26 November 1984) was a Luxembourgian painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

title: Jang Thill


text:
MediaWiki:Licenses

 * subst:nld|I don't know what the license is

 * [I hereby release my own work (works by you):]
 * self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0|GFDL and CC Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 and earlier
 * self|GFDL|cc-by-4.0|GFDL and Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
 * PD-self|Public domain with all rights released
 * subst:nld|I don't know what license to use

 * [Copied with permission from the authors (works not by you):]
 * PD-old|Author died more than 70 years ago
 * PD-Art|Reproduction of a painting that is in the public domain because of its age
 * PD-US|First published in the United States before 1923
 * PD-USGov-NASA|Original work of NASA
 * PD-USGov|Original work of the US Federal Government
 * subst:nld|I don't know what license it is released under

 * [Copied without permission of the authors (fair use):]
 * software-screenshot|Screenshots of proprietary games and software
 * fairuse|For use on a page about the person, place or thing
 * subst:nld|Parodies and other uses

title: MediaWiki:Licenses


text:
John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Hamilton

John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Hamilton (1540–1604) was the founder of the long line of the marquesses and dukes of Hamilton in Scotland.

Birth and origins
John was born about 1540 in Scotland. He was the third son of James Hamilton and his wife Margaret Douglas. His father was the 2nd Earl of Arran and Duke of Châtellerault in France.

John's mother was a daughter of James Douglas, 3rd Earl of Morton. Both parents were Scottish. They had married in September 1532. John was one of nine siblings, who are listed in his father's article.

Early life
On 28 November 1547, John, still a boy, was appointed Commendator of Inchaffray Abbey, a position he held until 1551, when he was made Commendator of Arbroath instead. He had the benefit of Arbroath until 1579, although his right was disputed by George Douglas (a natural son of the Earl of Angus who would later become Bishop of Moray).

His family supported Mary, Queen of Scots, even after her imprisonment at Lochleven Castle, her abdication in favour of her one-year-old son on 24 July 1567, her defeat at Langside in 1568 and her flight to England shortly afterwards. In 1570 Moray, who was regent during part of the minority of King VI, was assassinated by John Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh, a supporter of Queen Mary, at Linlithgow. John's father (the Duke of Châtellerault and 2nd Earl of Arran) had been imprisoned by Murray at the time and John himself might have had a hand in the murder. His successor, Regent Lennox, died in 1571 from a shot in his back during a skirmish at Stirling with the Queen's party. Finally, on 23 February 1573, his father gave up his support for Mary and recognised Mary's infant son James as King of Scotland.

Head of the family
His father died at Hamilton on 22 January 1575. His older brother James succeeded as the 3rd Earl of Arran, but because of his insanity, he was placed under John's care making John the de facto Earl and head of the family.

Marriage and children
On 30 December 1577 John contracted to marry Margaret Lyon, Countess of Cassilis, the widow of Gilbert Kennedy, 4th Earl of Cassilis, and daughter of John Lyon, 7th Lord Glamis, promising to marry her before 10 February 1578. His wife was a staunch Protestant. She had converted her first husband who had been a Catholic before their marriage.

John and Margaret had three children:
 * Edward, who died in infancy
 * James (1589–1625), The ambassador William Ashby was a godparent at his christening. He succeeded as the 2nd Marquess of Hamilton
 * Margaret, who married John Maxwell, 9th Lord Maxwell There were great preparations at Hamilton Palace and rich apparel bought in Edinburgh for the wedding in September 1597.

Hamilton also had two illegitimate children:
 * Margaret Hamilton, who married Sir Humphrey Colquhoun of Luss
 * Sir John Hamilton of Letterick, from whom descended the Lords Bargany

Forfeiture and English Exile
In 1579 James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton accused John and his younger brother Claud to have been implicated in the murders of the regents Moray and Lennox and obtained that John and Claud were included in the Scottish Act of forfeiture of 1579. In consequence John lost his income from the abbey of Arbroath and had to leave the country. He fled first to England, then to France. He returned to England and there stayed with his brother Claud in the North. While in England he reconciled himself with Archibald Douglas, 8th Earl of Angus who was also in exile there due to his association with the Raid of Ruthven. King James had by now come under the influence of James Stewart of Bothwellmuir, to whom the King had granted Hamilton's brother's earldom of Arran.

Back in Scotland
John, with Angus, the Earl of Mar, and the Master of Glamis and with the connivance of Elizabeth I of England, raised an army and entered Scotland, reaching Stirling in October 1585. James Stewart of Bothwellmuir fled and King James capitulated on 4 November, receiving the banished lords into his presence.

At a parliament convened at Linlithgow on 1 December 1585, King James rescinded Hamilton's forfeiture and restored him and the other lords to their previously held lands. Further Hamilton was raised to the Privy Council and made captain of Dumbarton Castle. According to David Hume of Godscroft, the Earl of Angus and Hamilton argued over precedence in the king's privy or outer chamber at Holyrood Palace. James VI came out of his bed chamber and made them reconcile by drinking and joining hands.

James VI sailed to Norway in October 1589 and made Hamilton in charge of the three border wards of Scotland. Elizabeth approved of his appointment. In April 1590 he visited Dalkeith Palace and when the gardener tried to stop him taking a horse, Hamilton's servant shot him. On 1 July 1592 Lord John Hamilton captured Archibald Wauchope of Niddrie with other rebel followers of the Earl of Bothwell at the meadow of Lesmahagow and imprisoned them in Craignethan Castle, promising their lives would be spared. James VI sent Sir John Carmichael, captain of the royal guard, to collect the prisoners, but one of Hamilton's sons released them.

In 1588 John founded a grammar school that became known as Hamilton Academy. In 1972 this school became the Hamilton Grammar School.

In the 1590s, John became embroiled with James VI's cousin and favourite Ludovic Stuart, 2nd Duke of Lennox, in a struggle over Dumbarton Castle. Although James had earlier made Hamilton captain of the castle 'for life', it was an office which Lennox coveted and he lobbied the king hard for it. After protracted resistance, Hamilton was finally obliged to relinquish Dumbarton Castle to Lennox in January 1598.

Marquess
Hamilton continued to rise in the King's favour, and on 15 April 1599, following the baptism of Princess Margaret at Holyroodhouse, he was created Marquess of Hamilton, Earl of Arran and Lord Aven. In August 1602 he hosted the French ambassador, the Baron de Tour at Hamilton Palace, who hunted with the king and the Duke of Lennox and played a card game called "mawe".

Death, succession, and timeline
The Marquess died before his elder brother James in April 1604. He was immediately succeeded by his son James as the 2nd Marquess of Hamilton. James also succeeded as the 4th Earl of Arran in 1609 upon his elder brother's death.

title: John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Hamilton


text:
General Biology/Cells/Photosynthesis

6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

 * One of most important reactions in history of life:
 * source of atmospheric O2
 * ultimately led to aerobic respiration and eukaryotes
 * Responsible for bulk of glucose production
 * Early experiments showed that mass of plant must be derived from substances in the air, not the soil
 * Experiments with isotopes showed that liberated oxygen comes from water
 * Experiments also showed that light is essential but that some reactions (e.g., reduction of CO2) continue in the dark
 * Plants do two big, important things during photosynthesis: gain energy (absorb light) and build sugar (glucose).
 * Photosynthesis can be divided into two series of chemical reactions: the light (light-dependent) reactions and the dark (light-independent) reactions. In light reactions, light is absorbed; in dark reactions, sugar is built.
 * Occurs when plants, algae, and autotrophic bacteria absorb light energy and build glucose.

Light Reactions

 * Part of the electromagnetic spectrum
 * Consists of units of energy called photons
 * Photons at UV end of spectrum have more energy than those at the red end
 * Occur on the surface of thylakoid disks
 * Chlorophyll and other plant pigments differentially absorb photons
 * Chlorophyll a: light to chemical energy
 * Chlorophyll b: accessory chlorophyll
 * Chlorophylls absorb primarily blue and red (green reflected back, hence the green color of plants)

Accessory pigments
Photosynthetic steps
 * Chlorophyll is a major light gathering pigment
 * Absorbs light with considerable efficiency (i.e., retaining energy)
 * Accessory pigments
 * Chlorophyll b
 * Carotenoinds
 * capture light of wavelengths not captured by chlorophylls
 * Confer other colors to plant leaves (autumn colors too)
 * Primary photoevent: light photon captured by photosystem and energy transferred to electron donated by water
 * Electron transport: excited electron is shuttled along imbedded series of electron carriers to proton pump and electron is transferred to acceptor
 * Chemiosmosis: transport of protons back into chloroplast drives synthesis of ATP

The Even More Detailed Light Reactions
What the Light Reactions Do:

The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in chloroplasts in and on the thylakoid disks. During the light reactions, light energy charges up ATP molecules. More specifically, light turns the chloroplast into an acid battery, and this battery charges up ATP.

How the "Chloroplast-Battery" Charges ATP:

The stroma is the fluid inside of the chloroplasts, and it carries a negative charge. This means that it contains about a "gazillion" extra electrons. The solvent of stroma is water.

The fluid inside the thylakoid disks is positively charged because it contains a lot of hydrogen (H+) ions. The pH here is low, making the fluid very acidic. The solvent of thylakoid disk fluid is water.

A chloroplast acts like a battery, because it has separated a strong positive charge and a strong negative charge in two different compartments. Energy is released when H+ ions (free protons) flow from the inside of a thylakoid disk to the stroma. This is electrical energy, since it is a flow of charged particles.

The protons pass through special channels (made of protein) in the thylakoid membrane; this reaction is 'exothermic.' The energy that is given off is used to fuel this reaction (Pi is the phosphate ion): ADP + Pi --> ATP

The proton can go to the negative stroma, but only if it uses its energy to charge up ATP. Since one reaction wants to go, and the other one doesn't, and since the first reaction releases energy and the second one absorbs energy, the two reactions are known to be 'coupled' together so that the first fuels the second. Of course, a special enzyme must be involved for this to happen.

Chlorophyll Molecules on a Thylakoid Disk:

Hundreds of chlorophyll molecules cover the surface of a thylakoid disk, making the disk green. The nonpolar "tails" of the chlorophyll molecule are embedded in the membrane of the thylakoid.

“Dark” reactions

 * ATP drives endergonic reactions
 * NADPH provides hydrogens for reduction of CO2 to carbohydrate (C-H bonds)
 * Occur in the stroma
 * First step in carbon fixation

The Detailed Dark Reactions
What the Dark Reactions Do:

The dark reactions build sugar from carbon dioxide gas (CO2), water (H2O), and energy from ATP molecules that were charged up during the light reactions. The dark reactions occur in the stroma of a chloroplast. Dark reactions usually occur in the light, but they don't have to. They'll occur in the dark until the chloroplast's supply of ATP runs out (usually about 30 seconds).

The Calvin Cycle:

The Calvin Cycle is the fancy name for the metabolic pathway that builds sugar. This means that it involves a whole lot of chemical reactions, and it uses a lot of different enzymes to catalyze the reactions.

Carbon dioxide gas is stable, therefore the bonds that hold the carbon and oxygen atoms are strong. Therefore it takes a lot of energy to break the bonds and separate the carbon atoms from the oxygen atoms. The energy needed to do this comes from ATP molecules.

When inorganic carbon (like from CO2) is being added to an organic molecule (such as sugar), this is called carbon fixation.

It takes 2 complete turns of the Calvin Cycle to make a glucose molecule.

title: General Biology/Cells/Photosynthesis


text:
L-infinity algebras and deformation theory

A differential graded Lie algebra is a graded $$k$$-vector space $$\mathfrak{g}$$ endowed with a differential $$d:\mathfrak{g}\to\mathfrak{g}$$ of degree $$+1$$ and a bracket $$[\,]:\mathfrak{g}\otimes\mathfrak{g}\longrightarrow\mathfrak{g}$$ (of degree $$0$$), such that
 * $$[\,]$$ is skew symmetric,
 * $$[\,]$$ satisfies the Jacobi identity,
 * $$d$$ acts as a derivation with respect to $$[\,]$$.

We denote the cohomology of $$\mathfrak{g}$$ with respect to $$d$$ by $$h^*(\mathfrak{g})$$. It is a graded vector space over $$k$$, and it inherits a Lie bracket. (In fact, it is an $$L_\infty$$-algebra.)


text:
Channel 33 virtual TV stations in the United States

The following television stations operate on virtual channel 33 in the United States:

 * K08QN-D in Golden Valley, Arizona
 * K25QK-D in Anchorage, Alaska
 * K31NR-D in Overton, Nevada
 * K33EJ-D in Walla Walla, Washington
 * K33HH-D in Redding, California
 * K33IX-D in Rock Springs, Wyoming
 * K33LN-D in Minneapolis, Minnesota
 * K33MD-D in Yuma, Arizona
 * K33MN-D in Jefferson City, Missouri
 * K33QH-D in San Angelo, Texas
 * K33QP-D in Corpus Christi, Texas
 * K34LK-D in Beaumont, Texas
 * KAJS-LD in Lincoln, Nebraska
 * KBGU-LD in St. Louis, Missouri
 * KBSE-LD in Boise, etc., Idaho
 * KCPN-LD in Amarillo, Texas
 * KCSO-LD in Sacramento, California
 * KDAF in Dallas, Texas
 * KDFX-CD in Indio/Palm Springs, California
 * KDJT-CD in Salinas, California
 * KDMD in Anchorage, Alaska
 * KEGW-CD in Siloam Springs, Arkansas
 * KEMY-LD in Eureka, California
 * KGEW-LD in Port Arthur, Texas
 * KHMF-LD in Fort Smith, Arkansas
 * KHSB-LD in Steamboat Springs, Colorado
 * KJEO-LD in Fresno, California
 * KMMW-LD in Stockton, California
 * KMSS-TV in Shreveport, Louisiana
 * KMUM-CD in Sacramento, California
 * KPKN-LD in Tyler, Texas
 * KQCK in Cheyenne, Wyoming
 * KQDK-CD in Denver, Colorado
 * KQSX-LD in Cal - Oregon, California
 * KQZY-LD in Victoria, Texas
 * KRPC-LP in Rapid City, South Dakota
 * KRTN-TV in Durango, Colorado
 * KSCW-DT in Wichita, Kansas
 * KSPR-LD in Springfield, Missouri
 * KSUD-LD in Salt Lake City, Utah
 * KTAS in San Luis Obispo, California
 * KTVW-DT in Phoenix, Arizona
 * KTXU-LD in West Lake Hills, Texas
 * KVCW in Las Vegas, Nevada
 * KVVB-LD in Lucerne Valley, California
 * KWPX-TV in Bellevue, Washington
 * KWRW-LD in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
 * W19DB-D in Franklin, North Carolina
 * W20EK-D in Andrews, etc., North Carolina
 * W20EU-D in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania
 * W28EE-D in Canton, etc., North Carolina
 * W29DE-D in Hayesville, North Carolina
 * W31AN-D in Murphy, North Carolina
 * W31DH-D in Franklin, etc., North Carolina
 * W31EH-D in Springfield, Illinois
 * W31EJ-D in Tutu, St Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
 * W31EV-D in Wausau, Wisconsin
 * W32FH-D in St. Petersburg, Florida
 * W33CY-D in Anasco, Puerto Rico
 * W33EB-D in Olive Hill, Tennessee
 * W33EH-D in Black Mountain, North Carolina
 * W33EP-D in Key West, Florida
 * W33EU-D in Athens, Georgia
 * W33EV-D in Waycross, Georgia
 * W34FE-D in Parkersburg, West Virginia
 * W35CK-D in Highlands, North Carolina
 * W35CO-D in Burnsville, North Carolina
 * WBFS-TV in Miami, Florida
 * WCAC-LD in Lagrange, Georgia
 * WETK in Burlington, Vermont
 * WFBI-LD in South East Memphis, Tennessee
 * WFRZ-LD in Montgomery, Alabama
 * WFXV in Utica, New York
 * WHBR in Pensacola, Florida
 * WIRE-CD in Atlanta, Georgia
 * WISE-TV in Fort Wayne, Indiana
 * WITF-TV in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
 * WJGC-LD in Jacksonville, North Carolina
 * WJLP in Middletown Township, New Jersey
 * WJPM-TV in Florence, South Carolina
 * WMPX-LD in Dennis, Massachusetts
 * WNBD-LD in Grenada, Mississippi
 * WOHO-CD in Holland, Michigan
 * WOWZ-LD in Salisbury, Maryland
 * WQDE-LD in Indianapolis, Indiana
 * WQDT-LD in New Orleans, Louisiana
 * WRME-LD in Chicago, Illinois
 * WSES in Tuscaloosa, Alabama
 * WSHM-LD in Springfield, Massachusetts
 * WTVZ-TV in Norfolk, Virginia
 * WUJF-LD in Jacksonville, Florida
 * WUNF-TV in Asheville, North Carolina
 * WVLA-TV in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
 * WVPB-TV in Huntington, West Virginia
 * WXCK-LD in Chiefland, Florida
 * WYTV in Youngstown, Ohio
 * WZPA-LD in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

The following stations, which are no longer licensed, formerly operated on virtual channel 33:
 * K33LF-D in Lewiston, Montana
 * K34PO-D in Billings, Montana
 * KKOM-LD in Lufkin, Texas
 * KMAS-LD in Denver, Colorado
 * KSDI-LD in Fresno, California
 * KTDS-LD in Ted's Place, Colorado
 * W19DD-D in Brevard, North Carolina
 * W42DF-D in Cashiers, North Carolina
 * W46AX-D in Bryson City, North Carolina
 * W47DM-D in Cullowhee, North Carolina
 * WBXG-LD in Gainesville, Florida
 * WUCU-LD in Evansville, Indiana


text:
Talk:David Mitchell (politician)

This is a "C" with a photo. Sarah777 (talk) 20:42, 19 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Mitchell (politician)


text:
Talk:Puzzles/Decision puzzles/12 Coins

For the 12 coins I would split them into 3 groups of four \and call them group A, B, and C Then I would perform 3 weighings. A-B A-C B-C. The two groups that do not contain the fake will balance so the fake is in the other one. Also since I know that the other two groups are genuine i can easilly tell if the fake is lighter or heavier by seeing which way the balancve went when the fake group was weighed against one of the other two.

I now have four coins, and know if the fake is heavier or lighter. So I split in half and weigh then split in half and weigh again.

This gives 5 weighings in total. Theresa knott 09:19, 6 Oct 2003 (UTC)

 * Good, this is a valid solution! If you want you can try and improve it - the optimum is just 3 weighings. Thomas
 * OK I'm thinking out loud here so let's see what I xcome up with:

Split into three groups ABC as before. WEIGH A-B they will either balance or not.

scenario 1 A and B balance

Theresa knott
 * The fake is therefore in C.
 * label the coins s,t,u,v
 * weigh s,t, against u,v. and note which side goes down
 * Now weight s,u, against t,v.
 * from this you can work out the fake.
 * Total 3 weighings

scenario 2 A and B do not balance
 * Note which group A or B was heavier.
 * Split A into two subgroups w,x each with two coins in Split B into y, z.
 * rearrange As wy, xz and reweigh. note which side was heavier.
 * From this you can work out wich pair of coins contains the fake and if the fake is heavier or lighter.
 * Let's say x comes out as heavier than the other three groups, weigh the two coins of x against one another to find the fake
 * Total 3 weighings

(Man I'm proud of myself. That one was tricky)Theresa knott 08:41, 7 Oct 2003 (UTC)

 * You're on the right way... However, there are some little issues still there. For scenario 1 you could for example observe that s,t is heavier than u,v and that s,u is heavier than t,v. But there are still two possibilities left: s could be fake and heavier OR v could be fake and lighter. Similarly, in the second weighing of scenario 2 you will for instance not know whether a coin of w is fake and heavier or a coin of z is fake and lighte. Keep working on it, you're really close! Thomas

Lord Emsworth: Now restaing "A and B do not Balance"

 * Note whether A is heavier or B is heavier.
 * The Heavy coins will be referred to as Hi while the light coins will be referred to as Lt. The coins themselves will become H1, H2, H3, or H4, and also L1, L2, L3, and L4.
 * Obviously, group C has only normal coins: the abnormality is in Hi or Lt. (C is also counted as C1, C2, C3, and C4)
 * Take H1 and put it in Lt, and take L1 and put it in C, creating [1 group: three Lt + one Hi] and [1 group: three C + 1 Lt].
 * NOTE: H1 cannot be lighter than C & L1 cannot be heavier than C
 * IF [three Lt + one Hi] = [three C + 1 Lt] THEN [H2 or H3 or H4] is counterfit and heavier. C is assumed normal. If the two sides are equal, then both sides are normal. This only leaves H2, H3, and H4.
 * IF [three Lt + one Hi] < [three C + 1 Lt] THEN [L2 or L3 or L4] is counterfit and lighter. ''The side with H1 is lighter, so H1 cannot be heavy. Therefore, H1 is normal. The side with L1 is heavier, so L1 cannot be light. Therefore L1 is normal. C is assumed normal. This only leaves L2, L3, or L4 as light and counterfit.
 * IF [three Lt + one Hi] > [three C + 1 Lt] THEN L1 is counterfit and lighter or H1 is counterfit and heavier. Since the Cs are defined as normal but are on the lighter side, two possibilities exist: one coin with the C's is light or one coin with the Lt's is heavy. Thus, either H1 is heavy and counterfit or L1 is light and counterfit.

 * Next Step:
 * [H2 or H3 or H4] is heavier: Compare H3 and H4. If they are equal, then H2 is counterfit and heavy. If H3 is heavier than H4, H3 is counterfit and heavy. If H4 is heavier than H3, H4 is counterfit and heavy.
 * [L2 or L3 or L4] is lighter: Compare L3 and L4. If they are equal, then L2 is counterfit and light. If L3 is lighter than L4, L3 is counterfit and light. If L4 is lighter than L3, L4 is counterfit and light.
 * H1 is counterfit and heavy or L1 is counterfit and light: Compare L1 and C. If L1 is equal to C, then H1 is counterfit and heavy. If L1 is lighter than C, then L1 is counterfit and light.

QED(Is this the right acronym?) Lord Emsworth 00:26, 11 Oct 2003 (UTC)

 * very good explanation Lord Elmsworth! This solves the case where A and B are not in balance. For A and B in balance we will need a similar trick to find the fake coin. Thomas

using scenario 1 A and B balance (Note: if the scale balances we know which is the fake but we do not know if it was lighter or heavier, if the scale tips in either direction the weight difference will be known) *Total 3 weighings
 * The fake is therefore in C.
 * label the coins in pile C {S,T,U,V} and label all the other coins N (for normal weight)
 * weigh S vs T
 * If they weigh the same then S and T can be marked/changed to N
 * If they don't weigh the same then U and V can be marked/changed to N
 * This should leave you with two unknowns (either {S,T} or (U,V))
 * Then weigh either of the two unknowns against one of the N coin
 * If the scale balances the other is the fake if not the one being weighed is the fake

title: Talk:Puzzles/Decision puzzles/12 Coins


text:
Saxophone

The saxophone, or sax, is a single-reed instrument, which comes in many different sizes: from sopranisimo (soprillo) to sub-contrabass. The four "main" members of the family are the soprano, alto, tenor, and baritone (bari). Although it is almost exclusively made of brass, the sax is a member of the woodwind family. It has fingerings and mouthpiece similar to that of the clarinet, but with a conical bore. The small mouthpiece and short length of the soprano make this member susceptible to changes of the embouchure; therefore the pitch is widely variable and requires control and a well-developed sense of pitch (see ear training). Conversely, the tenor and bari saxes are somewhat easier to control, but the amount of air needed to produce a tone is much greater. The alto sax is a good beginning instrument because it is widely available, fits into small hands easily (that is, most 9-10 year-old children), and is the most popular.

Musical Styles
The saxophone can be used to play a variety of musical styles. Many modern wind ensembles will include 2 alto saxophone parts, 1 tenor saxophone part, and 1 baritone saxophone part. The lead alto saxophone player may also be asked to play soprano saxophone in more advanced literature. There are many classical pieces have been written for sax quartets, which consist of one tenor, one baritone, one alto and one soprano sax. In a quartet the four musicians usually play with just each other sans accompaniment. In the classical realm of study, the standard instrument is the alto sax, for which such standard pieces as the Creston Sonata have been written. Although the tenor is more commonplace than the soprano, there are quite a number of well-known and prolific artists that write for and perform on the soprano sax. No jazz band would be complete without a sax section, and in a standard jazz big band, the sax section consists of two altos, two tenors and one bari sax. The lead is the first alto, and the bulk of the solos go to the first tenor. For jazz in general, the sax is one of the most popular instruments in the art. Jazz legends such as Charlie Parker, John Coltrane, Ornette Coleman, Cannonball Adderley, Wayne Shorter, Stan Getz, Gerry Mulligan and Paul Desmond are (or were) sax players who had very unique styles of playing their saxes. Saxophones can also be used in many other styles of music such as rock, pop, smooth jazz, adult contemporary, and musical theater.

The Reed
The reed on the saxophone is very similar to that of the clarinet, but somewhat wider. The single reed vibrates against the mouthpiece when air is blown into it. Depending on the mouthpiece, reed, and ligature used, and also on the dimensions of the mouth and embouchure, a wide range of timbres (tone colors) can be produced. Reeds come in a wide variety of strengths and cuts, which vary from box to box and from manufacturer to manufacturer. For the beginner, a reed of strength 2 to 2.5 is normal. An intermediary to advanced setup would use a 3.5 (Vandoren) on a Selmer S80 C* (or C for tenor) mouthpiece (This is the "classic" setup, and works for both tenor and alto. It is used by many college institutions, and many private instructors use this). As the embouchure becomes stronger, higher strength reeds can be utilized. Generally, a stronger reed will be more in-tune throughout the range of the saxophone, and make playing the altissimo range possible. Using a higher strength reed will also affect the timbre, or tone, and can increase the overall volume. The softer the reed the easier the lower range, but in the upper register the reed may remain closed against the mouthpiece, not allowing the high notes to speak well or at all. The harder the reed the easier the higher notes will pop out but it will be more difficult to get the lower range out. Proper care of your reeds is very important. When not in use, take the reed off and keep it in a protector to prevent warping. A good reed keeper can be commercially acquired, or you can make one out of a glass microscope slide or cut plate glass (careful with the edges) and rubber bands. During periods where the reed will be left on in between playing, use a mouthpiece cap. This protects the reed both from accidental physical damage, keeps it moist for longer, and helps prevent the reed from cracking (by slowing down evaporation). It is important that while playing that the ENTIRE reed maintains its wetness. Before playing, soak the reed for about 2-3 minutes. Remember to wet the stock or back sides of the reed. There are many brands and strengths of reed from the performer to choose from. Players of all abilities are encouraged to try different brands, cuts and strengths. Although a reed may be called a "jazz reed," it could certainly be well suited for classical or rock playing.

There are many brands of saxophone reeds sold in music stores that musicians universally recognize as good quality reeds that can be used in a lot of styles. These brands include: Vandoren, Hemke, La Voz, and Rico Royals (not the generic Rico reeds in the orange box). There are other types of reeds available as well. Some players choose to use plastic reeds or plastic covered reeds. These reeds sound and can feel different from plain cane reeds. While some daring, experienced players use artificial reeds with good results, the tone of a good natural reed is usually superior to that of a plastic reed.

The Mouthpiece
The mouthpiece (sometimes abbr. MPC) is one of the most versatile and changeable item that can affect a performer's sound. Mouthpieces are made out of different materials including but not limited to plastic, hard rubber, and metal. Plastic (famously played by Charlie Parker) or hard rubber mouthpieces are more commonly used in classical settings although can be used for jazz, rock and pop style music as well. A metal mouthpiece is usually marketed only for jazz or rock styles, but depending on the opening they can also be suitable for classical playing. In general, the higher the opening of the tip, the softer the reed you must use, and the harder it is to play (correctly, with good tone). Once you have developed decent tone, branch out a bit and try as many mouthpieces as you can. Look at various professional player's setups, and see if you like them. You may want to seek assistance from a private music teacher or your school music teacher when looking for a mouthpiece. But most importantly: Try before you buy!

If you are a beginner and have an intermediate or professional saxophone, you may need to look into a different mouthpiece. Consider one of a few standard and widely-available choices as "step up" mouthpieces once the basics have been "mastered":
 * Selmer S80 C or C*
 * Yamaha 4CM
 * Meyer 4M
 * Rousseau 3R

The Ligature
The ligature, colloquially referred to as a lig, is yet another piece of the mouthpiece setup, and it does deserve some consideration. Because the sound is a result of the reed vibrating, you want to have a ligature that will let the reed vibrate efficiently. The ligature should apply even and symmetrical pressure on the reed. This is so that the reed can vibrate evenly, giving the player the clearest and most balanced possible sound. There are a variety of options to choose from. For most applications, the best, easiest, cheapest (~$12-25), and most widely available are canvas (marketed under the Rovner brand name) and metal ("Selmer style) ligatures.

A Final Note About Reeds, Mouthpieces and Ligatures
Selecting high-quality, hand-selected mouthpieces, ligatures and reeds that fit your playing level, style and mouth is the most important part of your setup (and probably the cheapest, too). A mouthpiece setup will sound similar on many different saxophones, whereas the same sax can sound drastically different with a different MPC/lig/reed setup. Even a beginning student should try several brands and sizes to see what is most comfortable. Buying a MPC/lig/reed setup that costs $150-300 and then buying a $700-1200 (used?) instrument is MUCH better than spending $850-1500 on an instrument and using the "free" mouthpiece that the sax comes with.

The Embouchure
The saxophone embouchure, when formed correctly, should feel natural and comfortable. When forming the embouchure, take the following steps:

1. Cover gently the lower teeth with the lower lip, and press gently against the reed.

2. Place your top teeth on the top (biteplate) of the mouthpiece. Do not bite hard!!

3. "Purse" the corners of your lips, and form an airtight seal around the mouthpiece.

4. Relax and blow easily (think warm, slow air).

Producing a tone
After practicing the embouchure as described above, and the resulting tone is not beautiful, try altering the firmness of your embouchure. Most likely you are biting too hard, especially if it sounds "choked," or you cannot produce a steady, moderate volume, in-tune pitch. The saxophone tone is not overly difficult to develop, but like all instruments improves with practice. Getting with a private instructor is the best method to ensure that your technique is correct, and to learn quickly.

Altissimo Register
It is possible to extend the range by about one octave into what is known as the altissimo register. After a few years of study, one can become very proficient. The notes that can be produced above the fundamental tone are called harmonics. Altissimo notes are harmonics that can be played using alternate / creative fingerings. For example, while playing a low Bb, try using your throat play a middle Bb while maintaining the low Bb fingering (don't pinch!). See how many harmonics you can make while fingering a low Bb. For further study, obtain an altissimo fingering chart. Note that fingerings will be different from one instrument to another, and also vary by the player. Learning altissimo note also helps develop your embouchure.

Mrzonules 20:46, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Saxophone


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Friendship Games

The result was   redirect to My_Little_Pony:_Friendship_Is_Magic.  MBisanz  talk 17:45, 15 February 2015 (UTC)

My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Friendship Games

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Contested PROD. The rationale I gave when PRODding it still stands, which was "Fails WP:GNG and WP:NFF as there is no evidence this film has entered principal photography and there is very little coverage of it in reliable sources." The vast majority of coverage of this still-unreleased film comes from fan sites and other unreliable sources, which indicates that it does not meet WP:GNG. It's WP:TOOSOON for this to have its own article. Everymorning  talk  21:09, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Merge or delete - Too soon for an article. Sources are poorly-written blogs with no clear editorial standards, cryptic Tweets, and a Facebook post that says that a company has the rights to #3, but that doesn't announce a third film is actually in the works. What is also troubling is that the contributor has fleshed out the infobox and other areas based entirely on assumptions. What little content that can be salvaged might be moved to a more suitable MLP article. Cyphoidbomb (talk) 22:00, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Film-related deletion discussions.  Everymorning   talk  21:09, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Comics and animation-related deletion discussions.  Everymorning   talk  21:09, 7 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Delete with possible future re-creation. I originally thought about redirecting/merging to My Little Pony: Equestria Girls, but there doesn't seem to be anything verifiable here. (The only thing from a reliable source is the Facebook post [per WP:ABOUTSELF], but all that says is that there is a third film, without a name. That could merit a mention in My Little Pony: Equestria Girls, but I think a redirect would be rather WP:CRYSTALLine.)  Anon 126   (notify me of responses! / talk / contribs) 03:18, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Delete and Redirect. Expand and merge at target if and when proper sources offer verifiability. Allow undeletion or recreation only if or when WP:NFF (paragraph) is met.  Schmidt,  Michael Q. 04:55, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Redirect per WP:TOOSOON. It can be put in the Equestria Girls article, but I don't think right now because there's no reliable source. Dcbanners (talk) 15:19, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Redirect to My_Little_Pony:_Friendship_Is_Magic. This doesn't have enough coverage to merit an article at this point in time but I do think that this merits a redirect. The reason for this is that the prospective film is discussed at Equestria Daily and other sources, so this will be a reasonable search topic. Granted all we have now is rumor and speculation, but a redirect to the main section for the EG film series would likely discourage someone re-creating the article later on down the line. In other words, if they type it in and see nothing then they'll think that it just hasn't been written about yet and then try to create the article to fill the gap. If they type it in and see that it redirects to a section that reports that the film hasn't started and is little more than rumors at this point in time, they'll be less likely to want to create an article. Now as far as this article goes, it could probably be userfied if anyone wants to incubate it until there's confirmation that this will happen. I know that there is merchandise out there, but so far there's nothing out there that really shows notability. (I can't remember what the name of the doll was, but I remember Hasbro releasing a baby alicorn princess doll that ended up never becoming part of the show, so merch isn't a guarantee that something will happen.) Tokyogirl79  (｡◕‿◕｡)   06:48, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Canada-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 13:59, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of United States of America-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 13:59, 11 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
User:Felixbcn/sandbox

Joan C. Tronto is an American political scientist.

Works

 * Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care Routledge, 1993, ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>425

title: User:Felixbcn/sandbox


text:
Talk:David Ashby

Rewrite needed
This article focuses way too much on one scandal and needs a complete rewrite. More sources are neccessary and a broader look at this man's political carreer is a must. DoC352 (talk) 06:12, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I've reverted it back to a stub. DWaterson (talk) 23:24, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Ashby


text:
Maronite Chronicle

The Maronite Chronicle is an anonymous annalistic chronicle in the Syriac language completed shortly after 664. It is so named because its author appears to have been a Maronite. It survives today only in a single damaged 8th- or 9th-century manuscript in London, British Library Add. 17,216. Owing to the damage, portions of the chronicle are lost.

The original Chronicle began with Creation and continued down to 664. It was written shortly after this date, since the author writes that there was no Arab attack in a particular region after 664 up to the present. The author shows the Maronites winning a debate with the Syrian Orthodox and is sympathetic to the Byzantines, whose victories over Abd al-Rahman ibn Khalid in Anatolia it dutifully reports. He must have been writing before the Sixth Ecumenical Council (680–681), when the Maronites broke with the pro-Byzantine Melkites.

The beginning of the chronicle is lost; the surviving text begins with Alexander the Great. The part covering the late fourth century through the mid-seventh is also lost, but the last part from 658 on survives. It is the only Syriac chronicle to cover the years 660–664. It correctly names the days of week for particular dates, suggesting that many of its passages written shortly after the events.

The Maronite Chronicle provides some unique information on the early Umayyad Caliphate. In general it favours the Umayyad Muawiyah over the Caliph Ali in the First Arab Civil War. It is the earliest source to record the Islamic battle cry, "God is great". It reports with disdain the Syrian Orthodox had accepted the status of dhimma and paid the jizya. It is also the only literary witness to Muawiyah's minting of gold and silver coin, which now has some archaeological confirmation.

Excerpts

 * AG 969 [658 CE] ...Mu'awiya, Hudhayfa, his sister's son, and Mu'awiya gave orders that he be put to death. 'Ali, too, threatened to go up once again against Mu'awiya, but they struck him while he was at prayer in al-Hira and killed him. Mu'awiya then went down to al-Hira where all the Arab forces proffered their right hands to him, whereupon he returned to Damascus.
 * AG 970 [June 659] [There was an earthquake in Palestine.] In the same month the bishops of the Jacobites — Theodore and Sabukht — came to Damascus and held an inquiry into the Faith with the Maronites in the presence of Mu'awiya. When the Jacobites were defeated, Mu'awiya ordered them to pay 20,000 denarii and commanded them to be silent. Thus there arose the custom that the Jacobite bishops should pay that sum of gold every year to Mu'awiya, so that he would not withdraw his protection [lit. "loose his hand upon them"] and let them be persecuted by the members of the Church. The person called "Patriarch" by the Jacobites fixed the financial burden that all the converts of monks and nuns should contribute each year to the payment in gold and he did the same with all the adherents of his faith. He bequeathed his estate to Mu'awiya so that out of fear of that man all the Jacobites would be obedient to him. [There was another earthquake.]
 * AG 971 [660] many Arabs gathered at Jerusalem and made Mu'awiya king and he went up and sat down on Golgotha; he prayed there and went to Gethsemane and went down to the tomb of the blessed Mary to pray in it. In those days when the Arabs were gathered there with Mu'awiya, there was an earthquake. [Much of Jericho fell, as well as many nearby churches and monasteries.] In July of the same year the emirs and many Arabs gathered and gave their allegiance to Mu'awiya. Then an order went out that he should be proclaimed king in all the villages and cities of his dominion and that they should make acclamations and invocations to him. Mu'awiya also minted gold and silver, but it was not accepted because there was no cross on it. Furthermore, Mu'awiya did not wear a crown like other kings in the world. He placed his throne in Damascus and refused to go to Muhammad's throne.
 * AG 972 [661] ... When Mu'awiya had acquired the power to which he had aimed and was at peace from the wars of his people, he broke the pact with the Romans and refused to accept peace from them any longer. Rather he said, "If the Romans want peace, let them surrender their weapons and pay gzîtâ".

title: Maronite Chronicle


text:
豺狼

Etymology
Attested in Pre-Qin texts.

Noun

 * 1)  the dhole and the wolf
 * 2)  evil, cruel person
 * 3)  wolf
 * 1)  evil, cruel person
 * 2)  wolf

title: 豺狼


text:
User:Quartical

Welcome to Quartical!

In my free time, instead of using platforms like reddit, I prefer to use Wikipedia to expand the global knowledge of others!

Here are some of my Open Projects!

title: User:Quartical


text:
Talk:jury-rigged

Do we have an etymology on how this formed? Sounds more like it'd mean jury-tampering, even though I use it. RJFJR 03:33, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:jury-rigged


text:
Bill Anderson (American football, born 1947)

William Anderson (born January 13, 1947) is a former American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at North Park University from 1978 to 1985 and at Illinois College from 1986 to 1994, compiling a career college football record of 46–107. Anderson played football for four seasons at North Park before graduating in 1969. In addition to coaching football at North Park, he also chaired the physical education department.


text:
GCSE Science/Magnetic effects of a current

When a current flows down a wire it creates a magnetic field. To see this, place a small plotting compass near the wire and turn the current on. The compass needle will deflect. The shape of the magnetic field around a wire is circular. Look at the diagram on the right. The wire is coming straight out of the screen so you only see it's cross section (the red circle) The plotting compasses show how the field wraps around the wire.

Creating an electromagnet
Solenoids are made by coiling wire. The magnetic field of a solenoid looks like the field of an ordinary bar magnet.

A solenoid makes a pretty weak bar magnet on its own, but if a piece of iron is put inside the solenoid, the field becomes much much stronger.

Try the following experiment:
 * Wrap a piece of plastic coated wire around a pencil.Remove the pencil then connect to a power supply set at 1V DC current. Sprinkle iron filings around the coil of wire. Put a plotting compass near the wire. Try to pick up a paper clip.
 * Wrap a piece of plastic coated wire around a large nail. Repeat all of the above experiments

You will find that the solenoid with the iron core is much much stronger than the one with the air core.

Q1) Why is it important to use plastic-coated wire?

Making the field stronger
To make the field stronger we can:
 * Use a soft iron core
 * Increase the amount of current flowing in the wire
 * Increase the number of turns on the solenoid.

Reversing the field
To make the north pole and south pole swap positions we can:
 * Reverse the direction of the current by swapping the positive and negative leads on the power pack.
 * Wind the wire the other way round. {So if you wound it clockwise, take it off and wind it counterclockwise.

Speaking of north and south poles, there is a little trick to help find out which end is the north pole and which is the south.

Look down the solenoid and work out which way the current is flowing. Remember, current flows from the positive to the negative terminal on the power pack. If the current is flowing clockwise, the end will be a south pole. If it is going counterclockwise, the end will be a north pole. The easy way to remember this is to put arrows on the end of a capital N and S like this:

If you do not understand how to determine the pole using the clockwise and anti-clockwise way you can use the right hand grip rule