text:
Outcast (1928 film)

Outcast is a 1928 American synchronized sound drama film produced and distributed by First National Pictures. While the film has no audible dialog, it was released with a synchronized musical score with sound effects using the sound-on-disc Vitaphone process. It was directed by William A. Seiter and stars Corinne Griffith, often considered one of the most beautiful women in film. This story had been filmed in 1917 as The World and the Woman with Jeanne Eagels. In 1922 a Paramount film of the same name with Elsie Ferguson reprising her stage role was released. Both films were based on a 1914 play, Outcast, by Hubert Henry Davies which starred Ferguson. The Seiter/Griffith film was an all silent with Vitaphone music and sound effects. In the sound era the story was filmed once again as The Girl from 10th Avenue starring Bette Davis. According to the Library of Congress database shows a print surviving complete at Cineteca Italiana in Milan.

Cast

 * Corinne Griffith as Miriam
 * James Ford as Tony
 * Edmund Lowe as Geoffrey
 * Huntley Gordon as Hugh
 * Kathryn Carver as Valentine
 * Louise Fazenda as Mabel
 * Claude King as Moreland
 * Sam Hardy as Jack
 * Patsy O'Byrne as Mrs. O'Brien
 * Lee Moran as Fred

Music
The film featured a theme song entitled "Another Kiss" which was composed by Victor Schertzinger.

Preservation status

 * Print exists in Cineteca Italiana, Italian archive Milan.

title: Outcast (1928 film)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Parimal Trivedi

The result was keep. Nominator withdrew the nomination. (non-admin closure)  Lourdes  03:21, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

Parimal Trivedi

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Fails WP:NACADEMIC and WP:ANYBIO  Eve rgr een Fir  (talk) 18:07, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Academics and educators-related deletion discussions. ʍaɦʋɛօtʍ (talk) 18:13, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. ʍaɦʋɛօtʍ (talk) 18:13, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Delete as the only claim of notability should be deleted per WP:BLPCRIME. --Crystallizedcarbon (talk) 23:41, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep as he was the Vice-Chanceller (the highest post) of Gujarat University, one of the major universities of Gujarat state of India. He received coverage mostly in local Gujarati language so limited English sources are available. Apart from controversies around him, we should check his academic profile and contribution. I agree that two line article is not helpful but hope that there would be enough refs to make it atleast start-class.--Nizil (talk) 05:37, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep as a clear pass of WP:PROF criterion 6. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:00, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I see no evidence of "The person has held a highest-level elected or appointed administrative post at a major academic institution or major academic society". Vice-Chancellor is not the highest-level .  Eve rgr een Fir  (talk) 21:27, 25 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Well I'll be damned. It is the highest (governor is the ex-officio chancellor). I guess I'll withdraw my nomination.  Eve rgr een Fir  (talk) 21:29, 25 September 2017 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Monique Nemni

Monique Esther Nemni (مونيكوى نيمنى; March 27, 1936 – 2 November 2022) was an Egyptian-born Canadian linguist and writer, best known for a series of biographies of former Prime Minister of Canada Pierre Trudeau which she cowrote with her husband Max Nemni.

Nemni was a professor of linguistics at the Université du Québec à Montréal, and a coeditor of Cité Libre.

The first volume of the Trudeau biography, Young Trudeau: Son of Quebec, Father of Canada, 1919-1944, won the Shaughnessy Cohen Prize for Political Writing in 2006. The second volume, Trudeau Transformed: The Shaping of a Statesman, 1944-1965, was a shortlisted nominee for the same award in 2011. A third volume, focusing on Trudeau's career in elected politics after 1965, is slated for future publication.

Nemni died of a heart attack in Naples, on 2 November 2022, at the age of 86.

Works

 * Young Trudeau: Son of Quebec, Father of Canada, 1919-1944 (2006, ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>495)
 * Trudeau Transformed: The Shaping of a Statesman, 1944-1965 (2011, ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>258)

title: Monique Nemni


text:
Talk:Overview of Theology

Buddhist Theology
This page lists "Buddhist Theology" as a "major" theology. There is no such thing as a Buddhist theology. Buddhism is a non-theistic religion. It neither believes in god nor denies its existence. Where there is no theos, there can be no theology To talk about a Buddhist theology is absurd.

Whenever asked about god, the Buddha always answered by complete silence, until one day he must have gotten tired of hearing the same question, so he replied with a story:

 * A man was shot by a poisoned arrow. The doctor came and was about ready to pull the arrow out of the wound, but the patient stopped his hand and said: "Wait, doctor, before you pull the arrow out, tell me about the man who shot me. Was he tall or was he short? Was he from a warrior caste or from a brahmin caste or from a lower caste? Was he young or was he old? Was he of dark skin or of light skin?" And many other questions he asked. If the doctor had to answer his questions first, the patient would die. So, the doctor just pulled the arrow out and took care of the wound. The patient got all his answers after he recovered.

 * Similarly, said the Buddha, I will not answer your question. I am here to help you heal from spiritual darkness. If you waste your time on silly speculations, you will never recover, you will die a spiritual death. Take care of awaken from the cycle of rebirth, you will get your answers after you realize nirvana.

So, there. There is no such thing as a Buddhist theology. Red Prince 19:21, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

It all depends on the meaning of "Theology"
Princeton University's WordNet explains theology as:

 * theology, divinity -- (the rational and systematic study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truth)
 * theology, theological system -- (a particular system or school of religious beliefs and teachings; "Jewish theology"; "Roman Catholic theology")
 * theology -- (the learned profession acquired by specialized courses in religion (usually taught at a college or seminary); "he studied theology at Oxford")

This would seem to imply that the term theology, while undoubtably steming from the Greek words θηος (god) and λογος (knowledge) has evolved in contemporary usage to explain all systems of belief. Charlemagne 19:51, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

And none of the three definitions you quoted have anything to do with Buddhism. Anyway, if you want to have a "Buddhist theology" section, no Buddhist in the world is going to stop you, but neither is he going to take it seriously. Red Prince 21:57, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * All this over a simple link! If you don't think there should be a "Buddhist Theology" page, then just edit the page and delete that link! I wasn't trying to make any sort of point; I just thought of a few religions and put them there. Better yet, if you want to start those pages, go ahead; both of you seem to be very knowledgable in this area. - SamE 14:48, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I would like to do this. But what I have in mind is a three book series:

1) Philsophy of religion in which I discuss the various approaches to issues in religion.

2) Comparative religion, in which I tell stories from the different relgions and analyze the various threads concerning various elements of religions.

3) Descriptive religion, where I simply describe many of the world religions (would it even be possible to be complete?).

If that sounds okay, I'll be developing an outline over the next few days. As with Effective Reasoning, I'm not fluent in producing Wikibook code and will be glad for any help in that area.WolfVanZandt 03:48, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

I have changed the name of this book under the Religion category to "Theology 1: Philosophy of Religion" and have added "Theology 2: Comparative Religion" and "Theology 3: Descriptive Religion". If it is acceptible to all involved, I will come back later and delete this stub. WolfVanZandt 03:57, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Overview of Theology


text:
Girl with a Future

Girl with a Future (Mädchen mit Zukunft) is a 1954 West German comedy drama film directed by Thomas Engel and starring Herta Staal, Peter Pasetti and Nadja Tiller. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in West Berlin.The film's sets were designed by the art directors Emil Hasler and Walter Kutz.

Cast

 * Herta Staal as Inge Wendler
 * Peter Pasetti as Achmed Spiro
 * Nadja Tiller as Fatme
 * Hans Richter as Peter
 * Grethe Weiser as Frau Sanders
 * Carl-Heinz Schroth as Otto Rontholz
 * Al Hoosmann as Hassan
 * Ursula von Manescul as Sybille
 * Kurt Vespermann as Emil Duske
 * Joe Furtner as Medefint
 * Wolfgang Jansen
 * Hans Hessling
 * Emmy Burg
 * Wolfgang Kühne
 * Hans-Otto Krüger
 * Lou Seitz

title: Girl with a Future


text:
4th Delhi Assembly

The Fourth Legislative Assembly of Delhi was constituted in October 2008 after the 2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly elections.

Election and government formation
In all, 7 national parties, 8 state parties, 53 registered (unrecognised) parties and other independent candidates contested for the 70 assembly seats of the Assembly.

With 43 seats, INC emerged as the single largest party, much ahead of the required half way mark to form the government. Congress was followed by BJP with 23 seats. Being the single largest party, INC approached the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi Tejendra Khanna and made claim to form a government. INC hence formed the government with Sheila Dikshit as the Chief Minister.

List of members
Default sort, in ascending order of constituency.

title: 4th Delhi Assembly


text:
proration

Etymology
?

Noun

 * 1)  In budgeting, the proportional distribution or allocation of parameters, such as noise power and transmission losses, among a number of tandem-connected items, such as equipment, cables, links, or trunks, in order to balance the performance of communications circuits.
 * 2)  In a telephone switching center, the distribution or allocation of equipment or components proportionally among a number of functions, to provide a requisite grade of service.
 * 3)  In the insurance industry, the act of taking money that is currently due from the insurance company and moving it to the patient, knowing that the dollar amount being moved is due from the patient as a deductible, coinsurance, or copayment amount.

title: proration


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jake's Mom

The result of the debate was delete. Mailer Diablo 01:31, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Jake's Mom
Non-notable: neologism, article notes it is severely limited geographically. —C.Fred (talk) 03:57, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Joe 03:59, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-notable and neologism -- T B C [[Image:Confused-tpvgames.gif|18px|]] ???  ???   ??? 03:59, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. --Khoikhoi 04:06, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per all above. Or should I make an article about Ted's Mom?  (You don't get it?  I'm shocked!) -- Kinu  t /c  04:14, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable.--B.U. Football For Life|Talk 04:25, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as nn.Blnguyen | Have your say!!! 05:50, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete Inside joke from college; WP is not for things made up in school one day.  (aeropagitica)   07:14, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete. Inside joke in one of your precious Merkin "fraternities". You can't get much less notable than that. J I P  | Talk 14:23, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete never heard of it, seems extremely geographically confined. Oliver Keenan 20:53, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete Way too silly and parochial. Evillan 21:01, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete ...Now if it was STACY'S mom then it would be a Keeper --DragonWR12LB 07:06, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per every listing here J\/\/estbrook Talk VSCA 15:20, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per Jake's mom (I mean, per nom).  OhNo itsJamie Talk 23:00, 22 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
Wrestling at the 1998 Asian Games

Wrestling was one of the many sports which was held at the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok, Thailand between 12 and 18 December 1998. The competition took place at Thammasat Gymnasium 1.

Participating nations
A total of 175 athletes from 20 nations competed in wrestling at the 1998 Asian Games:

title: Wrestling at the 1998 Asian Games


text:
Talk:Multivalued dependency

"tuple-generating" needs definition or Wikilinking. --Dweller 12:06, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Done. I'm considering changing the Greek letters to X, Y, Z's for readability, but I'm not sure how everybody thinks about that.--Citral 15:53, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I concure. It's kinda confusing as it is --markild 15:21, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

In "Formal definition", isn't t4 unnecessary, due to symmetry? t1 and t2 are interchangeable, and it doesn't say t3 and t4 have to be distinct and there's no statement relating t3 and t4. If t4 were left out, it would make the definition easier to follow, I think. -- <IP_ADDRESS> 03:44, 25 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Ok, I guess I see why it was stated that way now. Intuitively, "the other two possible combinations must also exist". -  <IP_ADDRESS> 04:02, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Under "interesting properties": those properties are interesting... but why are they true? They dont seem to make any sense to me. -- anon
 * I guess I could post a proof on the article page, but wouldn't that obfuscate the article and be against the WP policies? --Citral 21:05, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

Context
Would be useful to add some context as to how MVDs rise. For example, could an MVD rise from the physical implementation of a robust ERD?

What kind of design omissions create the conditions for the presence of MVDs? Can MVDs be eliminated by improving the design process and by avoiding use of flawed design languages? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Lgreco (talk • contribs) 18:25, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

I changed the ordering of the first four tuples in the example, so that it exactly mirrors the formal definition to improve the consistency of the article.

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:40, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

Example expansion
So the example states: there are two multivalued dependencies in this relation: {course} $$\twoheadrightarrow$$ {book} and equivalently {course} $$\twoheadrightarrow$$ {lecturer}.

Does that also imply:

{course} $$\twoheadrightarrow$$ {book, lecturer}?

If so how would you state that last relation in words? --Fxer (talk) 04:11, 13 October 2011 (UTC)

 * That MVD is trivial, because it involves all atributes of the relation. Miparnisari (talk) 18:43, 1 February 2015 (UTC)

Clarification
if we denote by (x,y,z) the tuple having values for α, β, R−α−β collectively equal to x, y, z, correspondingly, then whenever the tuples (a,b,c) and (a,d,e) exist in r, the tuples (a,b,e) and (a,d,c) should also exist in r. What Does should exist mean? Is it expected to exist or permitted to exist ? -Emakalam (talk) 20:57, 23 February 2015 (UTC)

Repeatition of data when there's an MV
What exacly is the reason when adding a new value to a field b when a ->> b, and another md a ->> c exists, and the values contained in the table for c can be described as set C, it's needed to add to the table b cross C, when I want to add a new value b? I currently learn a course in databases and couldn't understand the reason behind it. It also not explained in the textbook, or here. It just seems obvious. Galzigler (talk) 16:01, 2 February 2018 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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title: Talk:Multivalued dependency


text:
Edmond Haraucourt

Edmond Haraucourt (18 October 1856 Bourmont – 17 November 1941 Paris) was a French poet and novelist.

Work
His first work, La légende des sexes, poèmes hystériques (1883), under the pen-name of Le Sire de Chambley, attracted some attention. L'âme nue (1885), a collection of verse, in which some of the earlier poems were included, and Seul (1891), showed the poet's increasing power and melancholy charm. He also wrote the romance Amis (1887); Shylock (1889), a play; the Passion (1890), a drama; Héro et Léandre (1893); Aliénor, an opera; Don Juan (1894); and Elisabeth (1894). He received the Academy prize for his poem, Les Vikings (1890).

title: Edmond Haraucourt


text:
Talk:Terror alert system

Speedy deletion template
In the process of adding to the list, as I research from various governments websites. Suspect that the speedy deletion template was automatically included when i cut and paste my own template a few times, then saved the page. --Pepith 13:51, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * No. This article's page history indicates the speedy deletion template was being added by another user. I have added an Old prod notice to the talk page banners. - Cameron Dewe (talk) 18:50, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

Nothing links here
Why was this page created? Nothing links to it. There is already a category for alert measurement systems here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Alert_measurement_systems Isn't that sufficient? -- Davetron5000 14:40, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't know, I could see having an article which described some of the common features of alert systems. I'm sort of surprised we didn't have an article on this topic already... a category isn't really a substitute for an article on a subject. -- nae'blis 16:58, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * That's true, but this article has nothing in it to qualify as an actual article. It's just a list of information available elsewhere. -- Davetron5000 17:08, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Procedural/structural sidebar: We spend a lot of time here on Wikipedia in duplicative effort: related articles repeat common information, sub-articles re-state what the main topic already covers, etc. I'm just wondering if it's useful to have a place (perhaps not at this name, but somewhere) to cover the common elements of such systems, and then refer out to the specific warning systems. That, and "terror alert system" seems like a plausible search term, and unregistered users only get to search the main article namespace, by default. -- nae'blis 18:06, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Article was successfully deorphaned in 2013. - Cameron Dewe (talk) 18:50, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

Article needs clean-up
I have tagged this article as needing clean-up as it needs more citations and the lead section has extra information about the history of these alert systems. See MOS:LEAD for purpose of the lead. It provides an accessible overview that sumarizes the whole article. Information in the lead should be discussed in the body of the article too. See WP:LEADFOLLOWSBODY. The existing lead section needs to be supported by some sort of background or history about each listed nation's alert system in the body of the article, too. - Cameron Dewe (talk) 19:20, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Terror alert system


text:
Biblical Studies/Christianity/Christian Theology

Christian Theology is a systematic view of the doctrines of the Bible.

Theology Proper
The doctrine of God
 * Character
 * Existence
 * Gender
 * Immanence
 * /Immutability/
 * Nature
 * Omnipotence
 * Omnipresence
 * Omniscience
 * /Transcendence/
 * Trinity

Angelology
The doctrine of Angels and Demons

 * Angels
 * Demons
 * Satan

Anthropology
The doctrine of man

 * /Creation/
 * /Nature/

Bibliology
Origin of the Bible

The doctrine of the Bible

 * /Inspiration/
 * /Inerrancy/
 * /Preservation/
 * /Canonicity/

/Apocrypha/

/Cult Usage/

Christology
The doctrine of Jesus

 * /Atonement/
 * /Deity/
 * Historicity
 * /Humanity/
 * Incarnation
 * /Infallibility/
 * Messiahship
 * Miracles
 * /Offices/
 * Resurrection
 * /Return/
 * Titles
 * Virgin Birth
 * Christ and the Eucharist

Ecclesiology
The doctrine of the Church
 * /Origin of Church/
 * /Nature of the Church/
 * /Church Polity/
 * currently a separate Wikibook: History of Christianity

Eschatology
The doctrine of End Times
 * Introduction
 * Christian eschatology
 * Second Coming

 * End of the World
 * Prophetic Views
 * Millennialism
 * Premillennialism
 * Pretribulationism
 * Midtribulationism
 * Posttribulationism
 * Amillennialism
 * Postmillennialism
 * Preterism

Hamartiology
The Doctrine of Sin
 * /Origin of Sin/
 * /Effect of Sin/
 * /Human Depravity/

Pneumatology
The doctrine of the Holy Spirit

 * /Deity of the Spirit/
 * /Nature of the Spirit/
 * /Ministries of the Spirit/
 * /Gifts of the Spirit/

Soteriology
The doctrine of Salvation
 * /Adoption/
 * Justification
 * Original Sin
 * Perseverance of the saints
 * Predestination
 * Regeneration
 * Reprobation
 * Repentance
 * Sanctification

Prayers & Worship

 * Worship & Sacraments in the Early Church
 * The Catholic Mass and its Scriptural Origins
 * Spiritual Exercises
 * Prayer in the Ignatian Understanding

 * Arminianism
 * Calvinism
 * Theosis
 * Universalism


text:
User:Oceanflynn/sandbox/Operation Cerberus (Utah)

Operation Cerberus Action was a multi-agency 30-month long investigation of cultural and archaeological artifact theft centered around Blanding, Utah in the Four Corner's regions' to "deal with the problem of people illegally taking and trafficking Native American artifacts from federal lands." From about 300 to 1300 Utah was the center of the ancestral Puebloan culture—referred to by archaeologists as Anasazi people and now called Ancestral Puebloans, which reflects their modern descendants. which had a population of 15,772 in 2015. It has thousands of archaeological sites that have attracted looters or pot-hunters since the 19th century. Operation Cerberus was the "largest undercover operation into the archaeological looting of public and tribal lands" in the United States. Agents searched twelve properties in and near three small towns on U.S. Route 191: Moab, Monticello, and Blanding. Moab, the nearest town to Arches National Park and Canyonlands National Park is 54 mi north of Monticello, Utah, which is near the Needles District in Canyonlands National Park. Blanding, Utah in San Juan County, Utah is 20 mi south of Monticello. Farther south on Route 191 is Bluff, Utah, with about 300 residents, near the Navajo Reservation and the state of Arizona. The 100-mile corridor running south from Moab to Bluff has been known for many years to be where the "bulk" of the looting took place. The operation began in 2006 and culminated in a June 10, 2009 dawn raid conducted by "150 agents from several state and federal law enforcement agencies" "wearing bulletproof vests and carrying side arms." The raid led to the arrest of 23 suspects including "excavators, dealers, and collectors" in violation of the Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 and Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (1990) "for their alleged involvement in a network to illegally purchase 256 artifacts valued at $335,685." San Juan County is the "poorest county in Utah." The Salt Lake Tribune described those caught up in the sting as "southern Utahns who allegedly had turned a century-old pot-hunting hobby into a lucrative black market in American Indian artifacts." According to the Smithsonian, Operation Ceberus was one of the early catalysts for securing Bears Ears status as a National Monument.

During the June 9, 2009 raid agents seized about 40,000 objects that are now in stored in a 2,300-square-foot warehouse near Salt Lake City with some of the artifacts in the Natural History Museum of Utah. In one resident fifty agents over two days packed 5,000 artifacts into five trucks. Another house held "4,000 pieces". One residence had a hidden display room with a trick lever entrance. Of the 32 people from Utah, New Mexico and Colorado "pulled in" through Operation Ceberus, none were Native American. Defendants included a number of prominent Mormon families whose great grandfathers, with surnames such as Lyman, Shumway, and Redd, settled in the area in the 1880s as part of the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints—(LDS) or Mormon—San Juan Expedition and—in some cases— founded small towns like Blanding, Monticello, Moab and Bluff. Sixteen were from Blanding and two from Monticello.

Native American artifacts in San Juan County

In August, 1986 Chicago Tribune reporter Jim Robbins described Blanding with its population of 3,118 as a town like any other small American town. However, "Blanding sits squarely on top of one of the richest archaeological areas in the United States."

The Four Corners region of the southwestern United States where the states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah meet was the home of the Ancestral Puebloan people, whose numbers reached 100,000 at the height of their civilization. The Puebloans left behind countless artifacts in "buried pueblos, dry caves and cliff dwellings". The area, much of which is now Bears Ears National Monument, had been regularly looted and vandalized for decades. Much of the looted area was included in the Bears Ears National Monument partly in response to the work of the Bears Ears Intertribal Coalition (BEITC) a partnership of the Hopi, Navajo, Uintah and Ouray Ute Indian Tribe, Ute Mountain Ute and Zuni Governments. The Ancestral Pueblans began to occupy the Four Corners area at least 2,500 years ago. Clovis points left by the Clovis people, ancestors of most of the indigenous cultures of the Americas,   have also been found in Cedar Mesa, in the Bears Ears National Monument.

According to Bruce Louthan, a B.L.M archaeologist in Moab, Utah, by 1986, San Juan County archaeologists had recorded over 7,000 archaeological sites which represented about 5 percent of the sites there.

Culture of pot-hunting
Mormon "[s]ettlers who discovered the [Ancestral Puebloan] ruins in the 19th century started collecting and selling the artifacts.

In the 2010 Oxford University publication Enforcing International Cultural Heritage Law, a section entitled "The culture of antiquities looting in the American Four Corners Region", traces the culture of pot-hunting in the Four Corners region to the work of University of Utah's Professor Andrew Kerr who "made significant additions to the collection" to the Museum of Natural History at the University from 1922 to 1929. Craig Childs, in his 2010 book entitled Finders Keepers: A Tale of Archaeological Plunder and Obsession, described how A. Shumway and his family from Blanding, Utah were hired by Professor Kerr as his head diggers in the 1920s to collect artifacts for the Museum. Kerr hired many others from Blanding, paying $2 to $3 per vessel which kept food on the table for many families during the Depression. According to A. Shumway's son, Devar Shumway (b. 1919-), "For three summers during the Depression, pothunting was my father's only job." Devar and his ten siblings continued the pothunting tradition. Casey's father, Devar Shumway "speculated that practically every home in Blanding boasted a few artifacts obtained by pothunters." He claimed that after the 1986 raid, many Blanding residents took their artifacts to the town dump. By 1994, the Deseret News reported that Devar Shumway, Earl K. Shumway's uncle, had "one of the most exquisite Indian artifact collections in the Four Corners area." In 1980 Casey Shumway, son of Devar Shumway, was fined $700 and placed on probation making him the first to be prosecuted under ARPA. By 1986, Casey was still pot-hunting but on private land and displays his finds in his home. He claimed, "A really nice bowl might be worth $200, but it takes a month of searching and digging...It's like a buried city as if L.A. crumbled and was covered with sagebrush."

By the 1950s and 1960s, "pot-hunting" was deeply ingrained among Blanding's 1,800 or so residents. Families brought shovels and screens to picnics, and exchanged ancient bowls and seed jars as Christmas gifts. By the 1970s, commercial pot-hunters were digging with trenchers and backhoes, even flying to distant spots in helicopters."

The Atlantic published an article in June 2017, describing how the Antiquities Act of 1906 made pot-hunting illegal. The Act gave presidents the power "to create national monuments to protect threatened federal lands.

The Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) in 1979 added specific prison sentences but this did not end the plundering. Under ARPA, taking artifacts from sites on public land became a crime punishable by up to a year in jail and $10,000 in fines. However, by 1986 many people felt "that the full weight of the law is rarely brought down on those indicted. There are only a limited number of Government agents, who must patrol millions of acres of Federal lands. And once an artifact is removed, it is hard to prove that it came from public lands. Artifacts found on private property are fair game for legal trading."

By 1986, pot-hunters had already "damaged or destroyed perhaps 80%" of the archaeological sites around Blanding.

According to an article in The New York Times, by 1986 the looting problem had worsened, as unemployment in the region had increased with the uranium mining—the major industry—on the decline. Moeb and Bluff had uranium mines that shut down. Louthan, a Moeb-based BLM archaeologist, explained that, "It's hard economic times, and some people have taken to the canyons and to the hills in search of valuable artifacts. They have to eat, so in some respects, you can't really blame them."

A 1995 article in The New York Times described how looters in Utah had been "emboldened" by a "general anti-Government attitude in the West". At that time there were only 4 BLM agents and looting had increased. In Utah the federal government owns 65 percent of the land.

In 2009, in San Juan County, "unemployment stands at 10 percent and the per-capita income is $14,000, the taking of artifacts for commercial gain has continued and helped to fuel a thriving trade in artifacts, including on eBay."

San Juan County Commissioner Phil Lyman, from Blanding comes from a long line of Mormon settlers who founded towns across the state. Lyman, like many conservatives, resents restrictions imposed by federal institutions. Lyman organized the Recapture Canyon protest held on Saturday May 10, 2014 to protest the 2007 BLM ban of all-terrain vehicles and to call for the legalization of the all-terrain vehicle trail. ATVS were banned because of damage to the Ancient Pueblo peoples sites built between 1150 and 1300 AD.

Native American art and artifacts
From the 1960s to the 1980s, the demand, and therefore the the price of Native American art and artifacts had increased according to Roland Force, director of New York's Museum of the American Indian. This accelerated over the following decades.

First Major ARPA enforcement (1986)
The first major ARPA enforcement took place at dawn on May 8, 1986, coordinated by Brent D. Ward, the former U.S. attorney for Utah, who actively crusaded against "Anasazi looting". Ward called the raid "the most significant law-enforcement initiative" under ARPA. Federal agents "raided some of [San Juan County]'s most respectable homes and carted away boxfuls of Indian artifacts from bookshelves, basements and mantles." This included homes of "two of San Juan County's three commissioners" and the mayor's brother. The mayor "himself angrily threatened to have Blanding secede from the union." Over 300 artifacts were confiscated from "17 homes and trading posts in San Juan County, Utah, and nearby Grants County, Colorado". The federal agents who undertook the 1986 "raid on pothunters" in Blanding were described by Winston Hurst, curator of the Edge of the Cedars Museum in Blanding, as a "lot more gung ho". Reactions to the 1986 Government raids was "fierce". According to Hurst, the 1986 raids "rubbed a stick in the open sore of the cultural values of southern Utah. This is Sagebrush Rebellion country out here; people don't like it when the Government marches into their homes like cavalry."

In a 1986 Associated Press journalist described how "[m]ost pothunters are thought to be from the Four Corners, boasting a keen interest in archeology and impressive knowledge of regional history. It is unknown whether they loot primarily to build private collections, swap among fellow pothunters or sell to outsiders."

Hurst, who was curator of the Edge of the Cedars Museum in Blanding, compared pot-hunting in Blanding to a "big Easter-egg hunt."

In 1986, Pete Steele, a Bureau of Land Management ranger, was quoted as saying that a "few prominent Blanding families" "have been pillaging and sacking San Juan County for 100 years. They think it's their right."

Earl K. Shumway: rare custodial sentence under ARPA
""Around here, it’s not a crime. It’s a way of life.""

- Earl K. Shumway, Utah pot-hunter 1990s

Wayne Dance, who served as the Assistant United States Attorney (AUSA) for the Utah District from 1990 to 2007, targeted one of Blanding's most "notoriously defiant" pot-hunters, then-38-year-old Earl K. Shumway. Shumway, who was the nephew of Devar Shumway, was considered to be Utah's "most destructive looter ever". He had "bragged that he used a bulldozer to decimate an Indian ruin". Shumway claimed to have "ransacked" "thousands of sites, including graves, in southern Utah" in the 1980s and 1990s. Ward argued that pot-hunters were deterred following the raid. Ward was disappointed when U.S. District Judge J. Thomas Greene put Shumway on probation in March 1986. In November 1984, Shumway had been accused of "removing 34 ancient Indian baskets and assorted jewelry" worth $110,000 from "national forest land 15 miles northwest of Blanding". In his plea bargain Shumway agreed to "help federal prosecutors in other looting cases" He was released from prison and in August 1986, Shumway testified against the son of the "late San Juan County Commissioner Cal Black", Buddy Black, who was eventually acquitted. Shumway became Ward's "flagship case". He displayed "many of the baskets that Shumway pilfered from Anasazi sites."

In 1995 Dance used DNA evidence in an ARPA case for the first time. He connected Shumway to a "cigarette butt found at the Dop-Ki Cave site" and the jurors found Shumway guilty. U.S. District Judge David Winder handed Shumway the "largest prison term ever given" under ARPA. Shumway's custodial sentence for pot-hunting was is rare and it was largely because of the DNA evidence and because of the severity of his crime. Among other things, Shumway had dug up the remains of an infant in a 1991 helicopter-assisted theft from an Anasazi cliff dwelling, called Dop-Ki Cave, in Canyonlands National Park. In 1998, in National Parks, Wendy Mitman Clarke described how Shumway had "robbed the ancient grave of an Anasazi child, stealing the infant's burial blanket and scattering its remains to the wind." He served more than six years in prison without parole.

Logistics of Operation Cerberus
In 2006 BLM agents contacted Ted Gardiner who agreed to meet with two FBI agents regarding an "art crimes task force". FBI Special Agent Gibson Wilson requested the authority to put Ted Gardiner undercover as a a paid confidential informant. Wilson also "brought in a BLM Special Agent, Daniel P. (Dan) 2006 as lead BLM agent for the operation.

Ryan Cleverly was brought in as Utah state insurance-fraud agent. Gardiner, a member of a "prominent Mormon family" worked undercover for about thirty months before the raid. The FBI and BLM "arranged controlled sales of illegally taken artifacts" through Gardiner. By the end of the operation, Gardiner had purchased 250 artifacts for $336,000 from the defendants.

The operation was coordinated by the Department of Justice (DOJ) represented by David W. Ogden and the Interior Department (DOI) under then-U.S. Interior Secretary Ken Salazar and involved FBI and U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) agents as well as agents from "state and local jurisdictions".

Timothy J. Fuhrman, was the Special Agent in Charge of the FBI's Salt Lake City Field Office. "The indictments were announced by Secretary Salazar; Assistant Secretary EchoHawk; Deputy Attorney General David Ogden of the U.S. Department of Justice; Brett L. Tolman, U.S Attorney in Utah."

The agents "obtained many search and arrest warrants, including warrants to arrest Dr. and Mrs. Redd and to search their house." "Team members were concerned for their safety because some local citizens had previously acted hostilely toward federal officials." "Agent Love submitted several newspaper articles beginning in 2008 showing episodes involving hostility and violence directed at federal agents in southern Utah. In fact, one article mentions that a 1986 federal operation concerning archaeological items “strained relations with the federal government, which residents already regarded as arrogant and intrusive." "In a highly publicized and locally controversial criminal case in 1995, federal agents arrested Dr. Redd and Mrs. Redd for desecrating a dead body while they were digging for Native American artifacts. Finally, Dr. Redd’s status as a physician did not eliminate the federal agents’ concerns that arresting him and his wife might provoke a response." "Thus, even interpreting the facts most favorably to the Estate, we see no constitutional violation. Agent Love’s conduct—deploying twenty-two agents wearing soft body armor and carrying firearms in compliance with agency policy— was not objectively unreasonable under the circumstances. With this in mind, we of course also agree with the district court’s conclusion that the Fourth Amendment right at issue in this case wasn’t clearly established. Thus, we conclude that Agent Love was entitled to qualified immunity."

Agencies involved
From 2009 to 2012 Larry Echo Hawk served as U. S. Department of Interior (DOI) Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs. While in office, the federal government increased the land held in trust for Native American tribes by 158,000 acres. Operation Ceberus took place under his tenure. He resigned his position at Interior on April 27, 2012.

""Looters robbing tribal communities of their cultural patrimony is a major law enforcement issue for federal agencies enforcing historic preservation laws in Indian Country. Today’s action should give American Indians and Alaska Natives assurance that the Obama Administration is serious about preserving and protecting their cultural property.""

- Interior Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs Larry Echo Hawk]

Indictments
Twenty four people, most of them from San Juan County, Utah, faced felony indictments. While some pleaded guilty, none received prison sentences. They received probation. Some forfeited their personal collections of artifacts. Included among those arrested were a "math teacher", a "brother of the local sheriff" and a prominent physician and his wife. Two defendants, Steven Shrader, a salesman from Santa Fe, New Mexico, Dr. James Redd, a prominent physician and Ted Gardiner, the operative, committed suicide following the raid.

A federal grand jury in Salt Lake City indicted those who were arrested. "They faced more than 100 felony counts of theft of government and Indian property, and trafficking in protected artifacts." David Lacy, a 55-year-old high school math teacher and a brother of San Juan County Sheriff Mike Lacy—"was indicted on accusations that he sold a woman’s prehistoric loin cloth, a turkey feather blanket, a decorated digging stick, a set of knife points and other artifacts for more than $11,000."

Aftermath
Some questioned the lenient sentences given by the judges in 2009. "The judges let everyone off the hook," said Forrest Cuch, a Ute Indian and director of the Utah Division of Indian Affairs. John Scorup, who was a BLM archaeological ranger for 20 years argued that judges could have given 10 years in prison to repeat offenders. One family alone had forfeited "eight hundred and twelve Native American artifacts...reportedly requiring two trucks to remove them from their residence." Family members were granted 24 to 36 months probation. Scorup argued that the agents had "made the arrests [and] got the evidence. ..[A] lot of them worked themselves to death trying to catch these people." With the exception of Earl Shumway whose DNA tied him to a theft, very few pot-hunters face prison sentences.

Following the 2009 raid in Blanding, archaeologist Winston Hurst, a lifelong resident of Blanding, who advocates for the preservation of archaeological artifacts, acknowledged that his neighbours in Blanding have a "long tradition of pothunting" that will not be easily "eradicated by enforcement alone."

In a 2011 article in The Salt Lake Tribune Brandon Loomis noted that, "Illegal or not, Americans still clutch after the Southwest’s past by combing its canyons for ruins."

By 2011 The Salt Lake Tribune reported that "The laws, the arrests, the penalties — nothing has stopped the criminal trafficking, last year or last century." Jerry Spangler of the Colorado Plateau Archaeological Alliance explained that by 2011, most people have stopped vandalizing and pot-hunting, but the hard-core pothunters "just seek more remote ruins."

Blanding Mayor Toni Turk claimed that Gardiner had framed many of the accused by offering them money. Senators Orrin Hatch(R) and Bob Bennett (R) called the raid "overkill." ""I'm very concerned about it. It seems like overkill to me to do that with these people, one a doctor, a pillar of his community. I'd call for a (U.S. Senate) investigation. But I don't chair (and control) the Judiciary Committee.""

- Senator Orrin Hatch June 14, 2009

From May 2014 to April 2015 alone, over a "dozen serious looting cases were reported" including "small-scale theft to ancestral remains being tossed around when graves are plundered."

Senator Hatch co-sponsored the Restoring the 10th Amendment Act to strengthen state rights under the 10th Amendment. He is against federal designation of national monuments in states and he in 2010 he co-sponsored the National Monument Designation Transparency and Accountability Act of 2010 to increases the requirements for a designation as national monument.

The Operation Cerberus sting surprised and enraged many of the residents of the "predominately Mormon town of 3,600". Dr. James Redd, who had been the only physician in Blanding, a devout Mormon, and a father of five, had been caught in the sting by Gardiner. He committed suicide. With his death "Blanding erupted." Sixty-year-old Dr. Redd had served Mormon and American Indian families as physician for thirty years.

In January 1996, Dr. James Redd and his wife visited and collected Native American artifacts from Cottonwood Wash, a Hopi ancestral burial ground. They claimed that the BLM map they used showed the site as privately owned. They were arrested and charged with the desecration of a human body. Mrs. Redd entered an Alford Plea in which she admitted not criminal conduct but agreed to pay $10,000 to settle a civil suit related to the act. All charges were dropped against James Redd. A grand jury had indicted Dr. Redd on "one count of “receiv[ing], conceal[ing], and retain[ing] property belonging to an Indian tribal organization, with a value of more than $1,000 . . . knowing such property to have been embezzled, stolen, or converted . . . in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1163 and 2.” R. vol. 1 at 201. The property referenced in the indictment was an “effigy bird pendant.” Id. Mrs. Redd was indicted for several additional counts of receiving and selling tribal property."

In June 2009 Dr. Redd, his wife Jeannie and their daughter were on the Navajo reservation when Dr. Redd found a small white shell partly exposed "carved in the shape of a bird, with a hole drilled in it" on the Navajo reservation. Mrs. Redd pocketed it.

The grandson of the Walter C. Lyman (1863-1943), the founder of Blanding, 78-year-old Harold Lyman, who was inducted into the Utah Tourism Hall of Fame in June 2009, was among those caught. Three of Austin Lyman's brothers were among those arrested and Redd was his "lifelong friend and physician". Dale Lyman, who was 76 at the time, got five years’ probation for "trafficking a prehistoric Clovis spear point". Earl Shumway's widow, 40-year-old Tammy Shumway, was caught in Operation Cerberus when she "arranged the sale of "ceramic figurines and other artifacts taken from public lands" to a government informant for a 10 percent commission, and was sentenced to six months of home confinement and 2 1/2 years of supervised release but no fine.

Bears Ears National Monument
In December, 2016 President Obama designated much of the area as Bears Ears National Monument.

On January, 2017 Mike Michael Shumway Lee Floor Speech on Bears Ears National Monument On December 19, 2016, Rebecca M. Benally, County Commissioner for San Juan County joined Senator Lee in opposing Bears Ears and supporting the PLI.


text:
ananym

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A pseudonym derived by spelling one's name backwards.

Related terms

 * anadrome
 * anagram

Translations

 * Czech:
 * French:
 * Indonesian: ananim
 * Polish:
 * Russian:

title: ananym


text:
Cookbook talk:Fruit

Yeah, Marshman, that was probibly the right thing to do. I ment to fix one little formating error, then got carried away making interwiki links. Thanks for cleaning it up. Gentgeen

title: Cookbook talk:Fruit


text:
laatia

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from , from.

Verb

 * 1) to compose, make, devise, draft to construct by mental labor; to think up

Usage notes

 * is not used of creating a musical work; is used instead.

Etymology
Borrowed from. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to make
 * 2)  to repair
 * 3)  to make up; to compose
 * 4)  to put; to place
 * 5)  to add, to supply
 * 6)  to chatter; to talk
 * 1)  to put; to place
 * 2)  to add, to supply
 * 3)  to chatter; to talk
 * 1)  to chatter; to talk
 * 1)  to chatter; to talk

Conjugation
This verb is slightly irregular: In order to avoid the vowel cluster -aai-, the consonant -h- is inserted.

title: laatia


text:
Monocline

A monocline (or, rarely, a monoform) is a step-like fold in rock strata consisting of a zone of steeper dip within an otherwise horizontal or gently dipping sequence.

Formation
Monoclines may be formed in several different ways (see diagram)

 * By differential compaction over an underlying structure, particularly a large fault at the edge of a basin due to the greater compactibility of the basin fill, the amplitude of the fold will die out gradually upwards.
 * By mild reactivation of an earlier extensional fault during a phase of inversion causing folding in the overlying sequence.
 * As a form of fault propagation fold during upward propagation of an extensional fault in basement into an overlying cover sequence.
 * As a form of fault propagation fold during upward propagation of a reverse fault in basement into an overlying cover sequence.

Examples

 * Waterpocket Fold in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah
 * Comb Ridge in southern Utah
 * Grandview-Phantom Monocline in Grand Canyon, Arizona
 * Grand Hogback in Colorado
 * Lebombo Mountains in Southern Africa
 * Lapstone Monocline in the Blue Mountains (Australia)
 * Beaumaris Monocline in Victoria (Australia)
 * Purbeck Monocline on the Isle of Purbeck, Dorset, England
 * Fore-Sudetic Monocline, Poland
 * Sindh Monocline, Pakistan
 * Torres Flexure, southern Brazil

title: Monocline


text:
Popular center of remembrance

The Popular center of remembrance (Centro Popular de la Memoria) is a former illegal detention center in Rosario,. It was used by the provincial police between 1976 and 1979, during the Dirty War, to hold people with no formal charges and torture them, under the pretense of fighting radical left-wing political subversion and terrorism. Most of the detainees were in fact social activists, political dissidents, or merely relatives or acquaintances of people that were ideologically suspect in the eyes of the military junta of the self-styled National Reorganization Process.

The CPM occupies a corner of a large building that takes up a whole block in the city center, between Dorrego and Moreno and between Santa Fe and Córdoba St. It used to be the police headquarters, and during the Dirty War it was formally the home of an intelligence division of the provincial police (Servicio de Informaciones de la Unidad Regional II). There is evidence of its use as a detention center since 1976 and until 1979. It was informally termed El Pozo ("The Pit") and La Favela ("The Favela").

The head of the Intelligence Service at the time was Gendarmería Commander Agustín Feced, who sometimes took part personally in kidnappings, torture sessions and executions. Two of his foremost collaborators were José Rubén Lo Fiego, who are being investigated since 2004.

After the fall of the last military junta and the return to democracy in 1983, the building continued to serve its official functions, until 2001, when human rights organizations demanded that it be preserved. On 22 March 2001 the Ministry of Government of the province of Santa Fe dictated Resolution No. 0060 to fulfill this request. The official facilities were dismantled and the police headquarters were moved elsewhere. A part of the building was given to municipal control, another one was turned into a delegation of the provincial government, and the central courtyard became an open public square. The relevant sections were granted to a group of human rights organizations by Decree No. 0717 of 2002-05-09 with the name of Centro Popular de la Memoria. It now hosts a memorial exhibition managed by relatives of victims of forced disappearance.

A documentary film about the CPM was released, with the support of a local producer (Calanda Producciones). It includes the story of the investigation and recovery of the detention center as a memorial, and testimonies of the research team and some survivors.

title: Popular center of remembrance


text:
Talk:Carswell Medieval House

Feedback from New Page Review process
I left the following feedback for the creator/future reviewers while reviewing this article: There's a pre-existing Wikidata entry on the house as part of a bulk creation of entries for every CADW-listed building, so I've linked the article to that. I've removed a duplicate image. There was one phrase I didn't like-that the house is Norman-style, which I would tend instinctively assume meant Norman architecture from the early Middle Ages. So I took this phrase out. Finally, the fourth paragraph in the 'history' section looks like it needs a copyedit–"17th century" appears twice, and was it really called "Tenby Charities" in the seventeenth century? That sounds like a quite modern-sounding name. Still, I'm not an expert on Welsh history..

Blythwood (talk) 20:31, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Carswell Medieval House


text:
Vickers Limited

Vickers Limited was a British engineering conglomerate. The business began in Sheffield in 1828 as a steel foundry and became known for its church bells, going on to make shafts and propellers for ships, armour plate and then artillery. Entire large ships, cars, tanks and torpedoes followed. Airships and aircraft were added, and Vickers jet airliners were to remain in production until 1965.

Financial problems following the death of the Vickers brothers were resolved in 1927 by separating Metropolitan Carriage Wagon and Finance Company and Metropolitan-Vickers, then merging the remaining bulk of the original business with Armstrong Whitworth to form Vickers-Armstrongs. The Vickers name resurfaced as Vickers plc between 1977 and 1999.

Foundry
Vickers was formed in Sheffield as a steel foundry by the miller Edward Vickers and his father-in-law George Naylor in 1828. Naylor was a partner in the foundry Naylor & Sanderson, and Vickers' brother William owned a steel rolling operation. Edward's investments in the railway industry allowed him to gain control of the company, based at Millsands near Sheffield, and known as Naylor Vickers and Company. It began life making steel castings and quickly became known for casting church bells. In 1854 Vickers' sons Thomas and Albert joined the business. In 1863 the company moved to a new site in Sheffield on the River Don in Brightside. The company went public in 1867 as Vickers, Sons & Company and gradually acquired more businesses, branching out into various sectors.

Special steels and armaments
In 1868 Vickers began to manufacture marine shafts; in 1872 they began casting marine propellers and in 1882 they set up a forging press. Vickers produced their first armour plate in 1888 and their first artillery piece in 1890.

Ships
The company bought out the Barrow-in-Furness shipbuilder The Barrow Shipbuilding Company in 1897, acquiring its subsidiary the Maxim Nordenfelt Guns And Ammunitions Company at the same time, to become Vickers, Sons & Maxim. When Sir Hiram Maxim retired in 1911 the name of the firm became Vickers Ltd. The yard at Barrow became the "Naval Construction Yard". With these acquisitions, Vickers could now produce a complete selection of products, from ships and marine fittings to armour plate and a suite of ordnance. In 1901 the Royal Navy's first submarine, Holland 1, was launched at the Naval Construction Yard. In 1902 Vickers took a half share in the Clyde shipyard John Brown & Company.

Cars
Further diversification occurred in 1901 with the purchase of Herbert Austin's embryonic car manufacturing plans, and Austin himself, from The Wolseley Sheep Shearing Machine Company. The new business was incorporated and named The Wolseley Tool and Motor Car Company and works were purchased at Adderley Park, Birmingham.

Torpedoes
In 1911 a controlling interest was acquired in Whitehead and Company, a torpedo manufacturer based in Fiume, Croatia and at Portland Harbour, Dorset.

Aircraft
In 1911, the company name was changed to Vickers Limited and expanded its operations into aircraft manufacture by the formation of Vickers Ltd (Aviation Department). Vickers brand aircraft were produced from 1911 to 1965, when BAC ended use of the name.

Electrical engineering
In 1919, the British Westinghouse electrical company was taken over as the Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Company, its name often shortened to Metrovick. At the same time Vickers gained Metropolitan's railway interests. Wolseley, now Wolseley Motors, was sold to William Morris in 1926 and he retained it as his personal property.

Reorganization and financial reconstruction
At the sixtieth Annual General Meeting on 29 April 1927 at the River Don Works, Sheffield, the chairman, General Herbert Lawrence, reported that the ordinary dividend would be passed because of the Coal Strike. His review gave the activities of the main groups of operations divided under five main heads: – these two activities were carried on mainly at works in Sheffield, Barrow, Erith, Dartford and Weybridge
 * Armaments and shipbuilding
 * Heavy engineering
 * Rolling-stock – Metropolitan Carriage Wagon and Finance Company
 * Electrical – Metropolitan-Vickers
 * Miscellaneous – they had disposed of Docker Brothers Limited. He had reported in the year before that an internal reorganization was in progress to deal with those subsidiary branches which proved a heavy drain on financial resources.

This internal review led to the retention of the rolling stock group (Metropolitan Carriage Wagon and Finance Company and The Metropolitan-Vickers Company) and the disposal of:
 * Vickers-Petters Limited
 * British Lighting and Ignition Company (manufacture of BLIC magnetos) – shut down
 * the plywood department at Crayford Creek
 * Canadian Vickers
 * William Beardmore and Company
 * Wolseley Motors (losses since the Armistice were in excess of £1.25 million and, unable to pay creditors, the company was being compulsorily wound up by the court)

Subsequently, Vickers carried through a financial reconstruction scheme which, after making additional reserves for contingent liabilities, reduced their assets by £12.5 million and their total balance sheet from £34.7 to £22.2 million.

Merger with Armstrong Whitworth
In 1927, Vickers agreed to merge their armaments and shipbuilding and heavy engineering activities with the Tyneside-based engineering company Armstrong Whitworth, founded by W. G. Armstrong, to form Vickers-Armstrongs Limited. This merger was to take effect on 1 January 1928 and would give Vickers shareholders ownership of two-thirds of the new company.

Metropolitan Carriage Wagon and Finance Company and The Metropolitan-Vickers Company were not included in the merger.

Armaments
Vickers manufactured and sold the Maxim machine gun, forming a partnership with Hiram Maxim, its inventor. They later took over the company and improved the design as the Vickers machine gun, which was the last major design Hiram Maxim himself worked on. It became the standard machine gun of the British Empire and Commonwealth, serving for some 50 years in the British Army. Vickers produced the machine gun in dozens of cartridge sizes and sold it all over the world. They also scaled it up to larger calibres, particularly for the Royal Navy as the 0.5 inch model.

Vickers & Maxim also introduced one of the first cannon to have an hydraulic recoil absorbing mechanism: in 1900 they produced a small 75 mm cannon that used two cylinders mounted alongside the barrel.

Vickers was involved in the production of numerous firearms. The British tested John Pedersen's design for a semi-automatic rifle between World War I and World War II. Vickers made a British version of the rifle, and their version of the Pedersen rifle usually goes by the name "Vickers Pedersen Rifle". The company was also involved in the manufacture of 6,000–10,000 (6181 is often quoted) Luger pistols in 1922–24. These 1906 pattern pistols were in 9 mm calibre and part of a contract for the Dutch military. The Lugers are identifiable by the inscription "Vickers Ltd" on the forward toggle link.

In the interwar period Vickers worked on several tank designs. Medium Mark I and Mark II were adopted by the British Army. The Vickers 6-ton tank was the most successful, being exported or built by other nations under licence. The Vickers A1E1 Independent tank design was never put into production but credited with influencing other nations. During the Second World War, Vickers built large guns and tanks; the Valentine tank was a design that they had developed privately.

Airships
Vickers began work on Britain's first rigid airship (for the Admiralty) in mid-1909 in Cavendish Dock, Barrow. Through a lack of experience HMA No. 1, then the largest airship, broke up on its second trip out of a floating hangar on the evening of 23 September 1911. Further designs and difficulties followed, although non-rigid machines including "Sea Scouts" (popularly called blimps) proved generally less troublesome than the larger rigid examples.

For their second attempt at rigid airships, a team was formed with H B Pratt as "Chief Draughtsmen, Airships". Pratt had left Vickers in 1912 to work for J. Samuel White at Cowes. When he was persuaded to return to Vickers, he brought with him a colleague, Barnes Wallis, to be his assistant. The pair worked incognito from London where they were supplied with the latest intelligence on German rigid airships, such as the LZ.216, and information freely provided by the German manufacturers of non-rigid airships. Some models featured floating cars slung beneath them. Much experience in mooring techniques and swivelling motors was gathered despite the pressures of wartime. The last airship built at the Walney Island hangar was a small non-rigid reconnaissance machine for the Japanese government that first flew on 27 April 1921.

A subsidiary called the Airship Guarantee Company Limited was formed under Sir Dennis Burney from 29 November 1923 (lasting until 30 November 1935) specifically to participate in the building of a massive six-engined experimental airship, the R100, in competition with the government-built R101 as part of the Imperial Airship Scheme. Their buildings were at Howden in Yorkshire. Barnes Wallis and Nevil Shute Norway were on the design team. The R100 first flew on 16 December 1929 and made a successful flight to Canada in July and August 1930, before the airship scheme was stopped following the disastrous crash of the R101 in France in October of that year. The R100 was scrapped in November 1931.

 * HMA No. 1
 * No. 9r
 * 23 class airship
 * No. 23r
 * R26
 * SS class blimp
 * R80
 * R100

Aircraft
Vickers formed Vickers Ltd (Aviation Department) 1911 and produced one of the first aircraft designed to carry a machine gun, the FB5 (fighting biplane) Gun Bus. During World War I it produced the Vimy heavy bomber. An example of the latter became the first aircraft to cross the Atlantic Ocean non-stop, a converted Royal Air Force bomber (see 1919 in aviation.) The Vimy was later developed into the Virginia, a mainstay in the RAF during the interwar years. Vickers was a pioneer in producing airliners, early examples being converted from Vimy bombers.

Vickers brand aircraft were produced from 1911 to 1965, when BAC ended the name.

Like many other British manufacturers, an enterprise in Canada was set up; Canadian Vickers Limited. This company ceased operations in 1944. Canadair was founded shortly after by former Canadian Vickers employees and later absorbed into Bombardier Aerospace.

Shipbuilding
Vickers entered naval shipbuilding with the purchase of Barrow Shipbuilding Company in 1897, forming the Naval Construction Yard at Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria. This yard later passed into the hands of the nationalised British Shipbuilders in 1977, was privatised as Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd in 1986 and remains in operation to this day as BAE Systems Submarine Solutions.

title: Vickers Limited


text:
Talk:Derek Piggott

Untitled
The information in this biography is reliable because I sent an earlier version to Derek Piggott. He then sent me corrections and further information (though not date of birth) which was then incorporated. As to rating the importance of the subject or the quality of the bio, I will leave others to judge. JMcC 07:17, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Kudos. I wonder how many bio articles will be that well verified. :-) - Solipsist 10:09, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Derek Piggott


text:
sextuplicate

Etymology
From, past participle form of , from , from (from ) +  (from ).

Adjective

 * 1) Six times the number, volume, length, etc. (of something else).
 * The customer ordered a sextuplicate quantity.
 * 1) Comprising six identical parts.
 * Benzene is a sextuplicate hydrocarbon.

Noun

 * 1) A series, set, collection, or group of six identical copies of something.
 * 2) * 1945: United States Twelfth Army, Report of Operations: Final After Action Report, PAGE UNKNOWN
 * If the official receipt is not available, the appropriate CA officer will prepare a similar receipt in sextuplicate.

Verb

 * 1)  To make six copies of.
 * Sextuplicate this document for me, please.

title: sextuplicate


text:
Laura Pisati

Laura Pisati (1869/1870 - 30 March 1908) was an Italian mathematician. She was the first Italian to join the Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung (DMV), in 1905, and in 1908 became the first woman invited to deliver a lecture at International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM).

Pisati was born in Ancona, and worked as a teacher at a secondary school for girls in Rome beginning in 1897. She graduated from Sapienza University of Rome in 1905. She died young a few days before the 1908 Congress in Rome, and a few days before her intended wedding to Italian physicist and electrical engineer Giovanni Giorgi, who had mentored her as a master's student. Her work for the Congress was titled "Saggio di una teoria sintetica delle funzioni di variabile complessa" ["An Essay on a Synthetic Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable"], and was presented by Roberto Marcolongo.

Her geometry textbook Elementi di geometria ad uso delle scuole medie inferiori, published in 1907, was part of a movement in Italian teaching of the time reacting against a presentation of the material focusing on intuition and hands-on experimentation, as had become popular beginning in the 1880s, and returning to a style of teaching geometry that included more rigorous proofs. In her preface, Pisati wrote that it would be a mistake to omit formal proofs and that it is not any more difficult to include this material.

title: Laura Pisati


text:
Krystal Stadium

Krystal Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Kherson, Ukraine. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home of FC Krystal Kherson. The stadium holds 15,000 spectrators, but has only 3,400 seats.

It is located in the city's center not far from Dnieper and is surrounded by several parks such as the Kherson Fortress Park, the Glory Park, and the City Park.

The stadium is in somewhat poorer condition and had ongoing renovations since 2017. Built in 1962, it has never been properly renovated ever since.

title: Krystal Stadium


text:
Cookbook:Curry Chicken I

 * Curry

This curry chicken dish isn't very spicy unless you make it that way. In fact, change the ingredients to suit your own taste and it will probably taste better. Instead of coconut cream or milk you can use heavy cream.

Ingredients

 * 1 whole chicken
 * 4 cloves garlic, minced
 * 2 tsp salt
 * 2 tsp red chile powder
 * 2 tsp garam masala
 * 1 tsp red pepper powder
 * 150 ml yoghurt
 * 20 coriander leaves
 * ½ tsp ground black pepper
 * 2 onions, sliced into rings
 * 2–3 green chiles
 * 1 tomato, finely chopped
 * 2 tsp olive oil or sunflower oil
 * 3 cashews, ground
 * 1 tsp curry powder (or to taste)
 * 100 ml coconut milk or cream (optional)

Preparation

 * 1) Cut the chicken into 5–7 cm pieces and slice them at edges with a knife.
 * 2) Combine garlic, 1 tsp salt, 1 tsp red chili powder, 1 tsp garam masala, red pepper powder, yoghurt, coriander leaves, and ground black pepper in a large bowl.
 * 3) Add the chicken pieces, and marinate for 8 hours in refrigerator.

Cooking

 * 1) In a large pot, fry onion rings, green chilies, and tomato in olive or sunflower oil over low heat until onions are light yellow.
 * 2) Stir in remaining 1 tsp garam masala, 1 tsp red chili powder, and ground cashews.
 * 3) Add chicken pieces, and fry them for about 5 minutes while gently stirring.
 * 4) Add the marinade and water until all chicken pieces are submerged. Add coconut milk if desired.
 * 5) Allow the dish to cook over low to medium heat for 30–45 minutes.
 * 6) Remove from heat and wait for a few minutes until the chicken pieces are tender and have absorbed the sauce.
 * 7) Serve with rice (Basmati variety works well).

title: Cookbook:Curry Chicken I


text:
Sign of Moe Pan Pwint

Sign of Moe Pan Pwint (မိုးပန်းပွင့်ရဲ့သင်္ကေတ) is a 2018 Burmese drama film starring Han Lin Thant, May Myint Mo and Chue Lay. The film, produced by Niyyayana Production premiered in Myanmar on September 14, 2018.

Cast

 * May Myint Mo as Moe Pan Pwint
 * Yan Aung as U Ko Ko Htun, Moe Pan Pwint's father
 * Soe Myat Thuzar as Daw Khin Moe Thwe
 * Han Lin Thant as Aww Zar
 * Ye Aung as U Aung Ye Naing, Aww Zar's father
 * War War Aung as Daw Kay Thi, Aww Zar's mother
 * Chue Lay as Cho Myain
 * May Thinzar Oo as Daw May Oo, Cho Myain's mother

title: Sign of Moe Pan Pwint


text:
Introduction to Cardiovascular Fitness

All class discussion should be kept to the talk page. But feel free to add your name to the roster.

Roster
Zero-X
 * Ex Machina

Aerobic Exercise
Aerobic exercise is exercise of any kind that primarily uses the one of the bodies three energy systems known as the "aerobic" energy system(thus the name aerobic exercise). The aerobic energy system is called such because it uses oxygen as it's main source of energy production(aero meaning "air"). Aerobic exercise for the benefits outlined below is usually prescibed using the FITT system. FITT stands for:

 * Frequency: 3-4 times a week

 * Intensity: 60-80% MHR(see below)for increased cardio-vascular fitness. 50-70% MHR for general health and weight loss (note: The lower end of these ranges should be used by those not accustomed to regular aerobic exercise and as fitness increases the higher ranges are used).

 * Time:20-60 minutes

 * Type: "aerobic" exercise

For those that have not heard the term MHR before I will explain it. MHR stands for Maximum(or maximal) Heart Rate. This is the highest BPM(Beats Per Minute) you can achieve through exercise. If you are not sure what your MHR is you can find out easily by simply doing this- 220-(age) where age is your(or whoever will be exercising) age in years. Example: If you are 27 years old then you would do 220-27=193 so your MHR would be 193 BPM. To calculate your THR(Target Heart Rate)simply divide your MHR by the percentage according to the FITT system that suits your requirements on a calculator.

Benefits

 * Increased cardio-vascular endurance (so you don't get "out of breath" as easily)

 * Can, along with a healthy, balanced diet, aid weight loss

 * Generally tends to increase overall energy levels

 * In some cases can increase mood(as in making a person feel "happier")however it is not known wether this is because of increased self-esteem due to factors such as weight loss and increased energy levels or simply due to the release of endorphines during exercise(but it's probably a little of both)

Examples

 * Jogging

 * Swimming

 * Circuit training

 * Many ball sports such as soccer, rugby and basketball

 * Cycling

 * Rowing (boat or machine)

Anaerobic Exercise
Anaerobic exercise is a form of exercise in which the body does not use oxygen as its main energy system. Anaerobic exercise is usually characterized by short bursts of energy, where as a continued effort (such as jogging) would be aerobic.

Benefits

 * Anaerobic exercise improves muscular strength and speed.

 * Anaerobic exercise can result in an increased metabolism, ultimately allowing one's body to burn more calories.

 * Anaerobic exercise increases lean body mass. Especially when it is combined with aerobic training, it can result in a lower body fat percentage.  As a result, one will be more lean, healthier, and stronger.

Examples
Resistance training, praticularly with weights, is a primary method of anaerobic exercise. One should be advised to talk to an instructor familiar with weight training when starting a program, as it is essential to know what kind of training program is appropriate for you. While one's exact needs will vary based on their goals, typically one should not be training with a weight that they can perform over 15-20 repetitions of if they want significant results, and often one should be able to perform many fewer. It is also essential to know and practice proper form for the exercise you are performing.

Session One: Opening Your Journal
The use of a paper journal is strongly recommended for this project. This isn't like high school phys ed. Now, the information is very important to remember. So write it down. The activity of copying something down by hand will encourage your brain to process the information for longer.

Once you have copied down all the information above, you may move on to session two.

Session Two: Choosing an Exercise
Now it is time to choose an exercise. You may choose one of the examples above, or choose something else, as long as it falls under the definition of aerobic exercise.

Now, alot yourself 10 minutes a day of exercise. Each time you exercise, record it in your fitness journal. You are encouraged to post weekly updates on the talk page.

title: Introduction to Cardiovascular Fitness


text:
Radius of curvature (optics)

Radius of curvature (ROC) has specific meaning and sign convention in optical design. A spherical lens or mirror surface has a center of curvature located either along or decentered from the system local optical axis. The vertex of the lens surface is located on the local optical axis. The distance from the vertex to the center of curvature is the radius of curvature of the surface.

The sign convention for the optical radius of curvature is as follows:
 * If the vertex lies to the left of the center of curvature, the radius of curvature is positive.
 * If the vertex lies to the right of the center of curvature, the radius of curvature is negative.

Thus when viewing a biconvex lens from the side, the left surface radius of curvature is positive, and the right radius of curvature is negative.

Note however that in areas of optics other than design, other sign conventions are sometimes used. In particular, many undergraduate physics textbooks use the Gaussian sign convention in which convex surfaces of lenses are always positive. Care should be taken when using formulas taken from different sources.

Aspheric surfaces
Optical surfaces with non-spherical profiles, such as the surfaces of aspheric lenses, also have a radius of curvature. These surfaces are typically designed such that their profile is described by the equation
 * $$z(r)=\frac{r^2}{R\left (1+\sqrt{1-(1+K)\frac{r^2}{R^2}}\right )}+\alpha_1 r^2+\alpha_2 r^4+\alpha_3 r^6+\cdots ,$$

where the optic axis is presumed to lie in the z direction, and $$z(r)$$ is the sag—the z-component of the displacement of the surface from the vertex, at distance $$r$$ from the axis. If $$\alpha_1$$ and $$\alpha_2$$ are zero, then $$R$$ is the radius of curvature and $$K$$ is the conic constant, as measured at the vertex (where $$r=0$$). The coefficients $$\alpha_i$$ describe the deviation of the surface from the axially symmetric quadric surface specified by $$R$$ and $$K$$.

title: Radius of curvature (optics)


text:
Talk:Lowering Gasoline Prices to Fuel an America That Works Act of 2014

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Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/ylink.cc

Links

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 * Link is not on the blacklist.
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 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
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 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
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Additions

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text:
Talk:Trigonometry/The Unit Circle

Proposal: Hourhand becomes an Exercise
Convert the piece about the speed of movement of the hour hand into an exercise? JamesCrook (talk) 17:52, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

Proposal: Changes to 'useful values' diagram
Coordinates in radicals on chart are a bit oversized relative to other values. Possibly give decimal values too? Add a caption or key that explains we're giving values in radians, degrees and coordinates, and where... JamesCrook (talk) 17:52, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trigonometry/The Unit Circle


text:
Buoyant Billions

Buoyant Billions (1948) is a play by George Bernard Shaw. Written at the age of 92, it was his last full-length play. Subtitled "a comedy of no manners", the play is about a brash young man courting the daughter of an elderly billionaire, who is pondering how to dispose of his wealth after his death, a subject that was preoccupying Shaw himself at the time.

Creation
Shaw began work on the play in 1946, shortly after the end of World War II, but left it unfinished, returning to it in 1948. It was inspired by a painting of the Last Supper. Shaw had the idea that a man about to die would be surrounded by people giving him advice on how to dispose of his assets. The play refers to recent political and scientific developments, notably the policies of the 1945–1950 Labour government and the invention of the atomic bomb.

Characters

 * Junius
 * His Father
 * Clementina Buoyant
 * Bayano
 * The Chinese Priest
 * Sir Ferdinand Flopper
 * Tom Buoyant
 * Eudoxia Emily
 * Dick Buoyant
 * Julia Buoyant
 * Mrs. Harry
 * Frederick
 * Bastable "Bill" Buoyant
 * Narrator

Plot
A young man and his wealthy father argue about the youth's future. The youth is excited by the new developments in science, believing that atomic energy can be a boon to mankind. He says he intends to become a "world betterer" and will travel the world to ponder his future. In Panama, he meets a young woman. After a sparring conversation, they fall in love; however, she is horrified by the thought of love, and returns home to London, declaring love to be a dangerous disease.

In London, the family of billionaire Bill Buoyant are debating how to hold on to his billions after his death, as they believe that the new Labour government will tax it away. They discuss the fact that Buoyant's oldest daughter is a black sheep, as she was born to their father's first wife before the family had money, and so behaves like a poor person, having learned to work. They were born to the more genteel second wife. The eldest daughter suddenly appears, declaring that she has returned from Panama to escape from love. Her lover soon arrives too, having followed her. He tells her frankly that he wants to marry her for her money, but is also unfortunately irresistibly attracted to her by "animal magnetism" and the "life force". The characters discuss the true nature of life, love and marriage. He convinces her that the money will be useful to pursue his schemes for making the world a better place. Impressed by his having thought this through, she eventually agrees to marry him once he convinces her that marriage need not be a form of slavery.

Bill Buoyant appears and blesses the couple, then consults with his lawyer about disposing of his billions. He decides to leave money to his eldest daughter and her soon-to-be husband, but nothing to the children of his second wife. The family, unaware of this, discuss their ideas, as the young couple are hastily married.

Production
Shaw originally intended that the play would be performed at the Festival Theatre, Malvern, but later decided to give the play its world première in Switzerland, in a German translation, because he believed that English critics were prejudiced against his recent work. Shaw's German translator Siegfried Trebitsch lived in Zürich, and Shaw discussed the translation in detail with him. The German version was entitled Zu viel Geld. Trebitsch had made it "more Germanically serious" in the words of Stanley Weintraub, and Shaw revised it drastically with the help of his assistant Fritz Loewenstein to reintroduce his characteristic light touch.

It was played at the Schauspielhaus in Zürich on October 21, 1948. Critics were still unimpressed. Hans Guggenheim wrote that it was a "conversation-piece whose scanty action seems accidental and unconvincing.... Mr. Shaw could doubtless have written a spirited and amusing essay instead of this not very gripping play. We thought that the actors did their best to breathe some real life into the phantom-like figures of the play, and were amused by the fireworks of Shaw's bon mots, but not very much impressed, and the evening resulted in what someone called 'manifestation of respect.'"

It was published in "an especially attractive edition" in Zürich. A limited edition of Buoyant Billions was published in London in 1949, with illustrations by Shaw's neighbour Clare Winsten.

title: Buoyant Billions


text:
Hindi/Speaking and Writing

Example of Hindi writing:

मनमोहन सिंह मंत्रिमंडल में मंत्रालयों का बटवारा पूरा हो गया है। कपिल सिब्बल को मानव संसाधन विकास और आनंद शर्मा को वाणिज्य एवं उद्योग विभाग दिया गया है।

Hindi consists of 11 vowels, 40 consonants, and two sound modifiers.

The Hindi syllabary is ordered according to how the sounds are created in the mouth.

Vowels
First are the vowels, which, with one exception, come in pairs:

अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः

Using the International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST), these vowels would be represented thus:

a ā i ī u ū ṛ e ai o au

 * अ (a) is pronounced as a default vowel, similar to a schwa.
 * आ (ā) is like the vowel a in father.
 * इ (i) is like the vowel in tin.
 * ई (ī) is like the vowel in see.
 * उ (u) is like the vowel in book.
 * ऊ (ū) is like the vowel in tool.
 * ए (e) is like the vowel in May except there is no diphthong.
 * ऐ (ai) is one of the only two diphthong vowels in Hindi, and pronounced differently depending on regional accent. Often it is pronounced like the vowel in hat.
 * ओ (o) is like the vowel in hole.
 * औ (au) is the other diphthong vowel, also with varying pronunciation. It is often pronounced like the vowel in saw or awe.
 * ऋ (rri) It is pronounced like the vowel sound in brittle.

All vowels in Hindi have two forms: Their standalone form and their mātrā form. The mātrā form modifies consonants. Here are the eleven vowels paired with the syllable क (k):

 * Note that there is no mātrā form for the first vowel, अ -- a. This is because all Hindi consonants, unless part of a conjunct (see below), or they appear at the end of a word, automatically contain this vowel. So, the letter क is pronounced ka.

Regular Consonants
There are 25 regular consonants (consonants that stop air from moving out of the mouth) in Hindi, and they are organized into groups (vargas) of five. The vargas are ordered according to where the tongue is in the mouth. Each successive varga refers to a successively forward position of the tongue. The vargas are ordered and named thus (with an example of a corresponding consonant):

 * Velar (k)
 * Palatal (j)
 * Retroflex (English t)
 * Dental (Spanish t)
 * Labial (p)

The five consonants in each group are ordered thus:

 * unaspirated, unvoiced
 * aspirated, unvoiced
 * unaspirated, voiced
 * aspirated, voiced
 * nasal

The difference between voiced and unvoiced consonants is as simple for an English speaker to understand as understanding the difference between the consonants "k" and "g" or "j" and "ch." However, aspiration is a distinction foreign to most English speakers. To understand the difference, do this simple exercise:

Hold your palm about an inch in front of your mouth. Say the word "pit." Notice that your hand will likely feel a short burst of air coming from your mouth. Now say the word "spit" and notice that there is little or no burst of air. Now attempt to say "pit" again, this time without letting the burst of air happen.

Here are the five vargas of regular consonants, followed by their corresponding IAST characters:

Notes:

 * The nasal consonants in the first two vargas are almost never found written alone; they are usually conjuncted (more on conjuncts later) with another consonant in their corresponding vargas, as the other nasal consonants often are.

 * The consonants in the first two vargas, as well as the last, are pronounced exactly as they are in English. In other words, a Hindi k sounds like an English "k" (without aspiration).

 * The consonant written 'c' can be confusing; it is pronounced like the first sound in the word chair but without aspiration. The consonant ch is virtually indistinguishable from c to the untrained English speaker, but is indeed a different letter.

 * The English consonants "t" and "d" fall somewhere in between the Hindi consonants t and d, and ṭ and ḍ. They are closer to the latter (retroflex), so when Hindi speakers say or speak English words containing t or d, they almost always use the retroflex version. To achieve these sounds, curl the tongue back and touch the tip to the roof of the mouth.

 * The dental consonants are pronounced exactly like the "t" and "d" in Spanish, with the tongue touching the back of the upper teeth.

 * Voiced, aspirated consonants (gh, bh, etc.) are by far the hardest sounds for the English speaker to learn how to make; however, with some practice they are not overly difficult.

Semivowels
There are four semivowels in Hindi:

य र ल व

y r l w (v)

 * y is very similar to its corresponding English sound.
 * r, like most non-English "r" sounds, is flipped, but not rolled.
 * l is the same as the English "l".
 * w (v) has a somewhat flexible pronunciation, depending on context and regional dialects. Sometimes it is pronounced like the English "w" (as in the word swami), and other times it is closer to the English "v". It is often pronounced somewhere in between the two sounds.

Sibilants
There are three sibilants:

श ष स

ś ṣ s

 * ś is the same as "sh" in English.
 * ṣ is also similar to "sh" in English, and though it is technically pronounced farther back in the mouth, functionally there is very little or no difference between the two in spoken Hindi.
 * s is the same as "s" in English.

Fricative
There is one fricative consonant:

ह

h

 * h is pronounced the same as "h" in English.

Modified Consonants
There are many sounds found in Hindi that do not directly correspond to any Devanagari letter:

 * क़ (q) is pronounced farther back in the throat than क. For example, the Arabic word Qu'ran begins with this letter.

 * ग़ (ġ) is pronounced in the back of the throat, similar to the French "r."

 * ख़ ( kh ) is pronounced like "ch" in German words like Bach or Reich.

 * ज़ (z) is the same as the English "z."

 * ड़ (ṛ) is difficult to describe, except by example. The Hindi word गाड़ी (gaṛī) sounds very much like "gardee." Notice that the character used to denote this character is the same as denotes ऋ . The only way to tell the difference is context; if ṛ is followed by a consonant, it corresponds to ऋ (example: ऋषि -- ṛṣi or "Rishi"). If it is followed by a vowel or falls at the end of a word, is is most likely ड़.

 * ढ़ (ṛh) is the aspirated version of ड़.

 * फ़ is the same as the English sound "f."

Sound Modifiers
The anusvara is notated with a small dot above the corresponding letter. In IAST, it is notated ṃ. It can have two different effects:

 * In mid-word, when it appears before a consonant, it has the same effect as if that consonant's corresponding nasal consonant were placed right before it. For example, if placed before the "k" sound in the English word "buck," it would make the word change to "bunk." Hindi example: संग -- saṃga (group, association) -- is often transliterated as sanga.

 * Placed at the end of a word (after a vowel with no further consonants), it simply nasalizes the vowel, often sounding as if the English "ng" (as in "song") had been placed at the end of the word, though lightly.

Hindi examples: में -- meṃ (in).

The candrabindu (meaning "moon dot") is very similar to the anusvara and is notated with a dot and a small crescent (see below). When placed above a vowel, the vowel becomes nasalized.

Hindi example: महँगा -- mahaṃgā (meaning "expensive").

The visarga is notated with what looks like an English colon. It is transliterated with ḥ. It is only found at the end of words, and only found on Sanskrit loan words. It has the effect of adding a h as well as a lighter version of the preceding vowel. For example, नमः is pronounced namaha, with the last a having as little emphasis as possible.

The halant is a small diagonal line which indicates that the default vowel अ -- a is not to be pronounced. It only appears at the end of words. In Hindi, however, this symbol is almost never seen, as, unlike Sanskrit, the default vowel is almost never pronounced on the final consonants of words. Example: नाम् -- nām (name).

Conjuncts
Very often, two or more consonants are combined.

title: Hindi/Speaking and Writing


text:
Swedish/Lesson 1

Swedes like to know to whom they are speaking, and this means that when speaking to a Swede, introductions are in order. While Swedish used to be more formal and included a strict use of titles indicating social, and marital status, this is completely abolished. Even very old people expect to be addressed as du "you" and only occasionally is Ni "you (plural)" used by sales clerks to address customers.

The simplest way to greet a Swede is to establish eye-contact, followed by a simple hej "hi". It should not be confused with the English "hey", the use of which is more to attract attention, a meaning the Swedish greeting does not contain. A variation and more informal variant of this word is hejsan. To show enthusiasm, you can repeat words; hej hej. Shaking hands is the most common way of greeting a stranger in Sweden. More informal and friendly forms of greeting are the words tja, tjena or tjenare. Though more common among younger people, they are often used by considerably older speakers to establish familiarity or intimacy with the listener.

God dag "good day" has a formal tone to it, but is very seldom used in everyday life, and is mostly seen in formal speeches and likewise. In the morning, god morgon "good morning", is commonly used and is not perceived as particularly formal, if polite. In the evening god kväll "good evening" can be used, but like god dag it's quite uncommon either with strangers or friends, but is entirely appropriate for a TV host to say in the introduction of a show.

Dialogue
Two students are meeting in a university cafeteria in Sweden. One of them is Sven - a Swedish student - and the other one is Peter - an American exchange student.

Sven: Hej. Hur mår du? ''English: Hi. How are you?''

Peter: Bara bra, tack. Förlåt, jag har glömt, var är du från? ''English: Just fine, thanks. Sorry, I have forgotten, where are you from?''

Sven: Jag är från Sverige, du då? English: I'm from Sweden, how about you?

Peter: Jag är amerikan, jag är från USA. English: I am American, I'm from the USA.

Sven: Ja, just det! Förlåt, vad heter du igen? ''English: Oh, that's right! Sorry, what's your name again?''

Peter: Jag heter Peter och du heter Sven. English: My name is Peter and your name is Sven.

Sven: Tack. Vi ses! ''English: Thank you. See you later!''

Long and short vowels
Not unlike many other Scandinavian languages, Swedish distinguishes quite clearly between long and short vowels. English doesn't have the same clear distinction, but the phonetic sound differences are in the language. Compare for example the A in "haha" with the A in "heart," the former being short and the latter being long. The short A in "haha" matches the short Swedish A pretty well, as does the A in "heart" but with the long A.

To distinguish long or short vowels in written language, the consonants immediately after the vowel are repeated to indicate a short vowel, and only written once to indicate a long. "Kommer" (coming) has a short O, because there are two M's, but it also has a short E, because more often than not, a word ends in a short vowel to aid in language flow when spoken. K is an exception to this rule, as you write "CK" when you want to indicate a short vowel.

There are traces of a similar system in English, for example "rock" has a short O, compared to "rookie" which has a long O, but instead of letting the single consonant indicate a long O, "rookie" has two O's, unlike Swedish, where something along the lines of "rokie" would have been enough to say that the O is probably a long O.

Phrases

 * Hur är det? -- How is it?
 * Hur mår du? -- How are you?
 * Var bor du? -- Where do you live?
 * Jag bor i ___ -- I live in ___
 * Vad heter du? -- What's your name?
 * Jag heter ___ -- My name is ___
 * Varifrån kommer du? -- Where are you from?
 * Jag kommer ifrån ___ -- I'm from ___
 * Och du [själv]? -- And you?
 * Ha det bra! -- Have a nice day!
 * Vi ses! -- See you (later)!*
 * Vi hörs! -- We'll keep in touch!*
 * Tack! -- Thanks!
 * Jag har glömt -- I've forgotten

Note that "hörs" and "ses" use a verb form that English does not have, a reciprocal form. It expresses a reciprocal action, signifying that people will hear from or see each other.

Vocabulary

 * Bra -- Good.
 * Förlåt -- Sorry. Literally "pardon (me)".
 * Igen -- Again.
 * Och -- And.
 * Heter -- a verb for 'be named', there is no exact translation.

 * Amerika -- America*
 * Chile -- Chile
 * India -- Indien
 * England -- England
 * Kina -- China
 * Italien -- Italy
 * Nederländerna -- Netherlands
 * Peru -- Peru
 * Polen -- Poland
 * Somalien -- Somalia
 * Sverige -- Sweden
 * Tyskland -- Germany
 * Tjeckien -- Czech Republic
 * Turkiet -- Turkey
 * Ungern -- Hungary
 * Vietnam -- Vietnam
 * Japan -- Japan
 * Sydkorea -- South Korea
 * Nordkorea -- North Korea
 * Spanien -- Spain

U.S. is USA (never US) in Swedish. It can also be called Amerikas Förenta Stater; and (very frequently) just Amerika.

Family in Swedish

parents	-- föräldrar mother -- mamma / mor / moder Father -- pappa / far / fader son -- son daughter -- dotter Brother -- bror Sister -- syster Grandpa -- farfar / morfar grandma -- farmor / mormor grandson -- sonson / dotterson granddaughter -- sondotter / dotterdotter niece -- brorsdotter / systerdotter nephew -- brorson / systerson cousin -- kusin uncle -- farbror / morbror aunt -- faster / moster boy -- pojke girl -- flicka child /baby / infant -- barn / baby / bebis / spädbarn adult -- vuxen (n) man -- man woman -- kvinna Friend -- vän girlfriend -- väninna

you can listen to this swedish vocabulary on its source on learnswedish.nu

Exercise
Write a short dialogue, or practice with a friend. In the dialogue, use the phrases for greeting someone, telling them your name and where you're from. Finish it by using one of the phrases for telling the other person goodbye.

suédois

title: Swedish/Lesson 1


text:
específico

Etymology
From, from +.

Adjective

 * 1) specific, definite
 * 2)  specific; pertaining to a species

Etymology
, from +.

Adjective

 * 1) specific

Etymology
, from +.

Adjective

 * 1) specific

title: específico


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Castle Game Engine

The result was delete. ~Swarm~ {sting} 00:11, 14 October 2019 (UTC)

Castle Game Engine

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Fails notability criterion WP:GNG, and subject-specific criteria not found to apply. Virtually all the sources are self-published, leaving little independent coverage on which to base a claim of notability. ☆ Bri (talk) 22:31, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Video games-related deletion discussions. – Lord Bolingbroke (talk) 22:56, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks,  MBisanz  talk 03:42, 29 September 2019 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus. Relisting comment: Article has been Proded so is not eligible for soft delete.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Ad Orientem (talk) 02:35, 7 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete, article is written in a promotional style, with lines like "The engine is known for..." and does not give any mention of drawbacks. Jeb3  Talk at me here  18:47, 8 October 2019 (UTC)
 * The promotional style could be fixed, I believe. E.g. the unfortunate sentence """The engine is known for its versatility, supporting...""" could be just changed to a simpler sentence """The engine supports...". As for the drawbacks, I am not sure what should be added -- the drawbacks are missing features compared to others, e.g. support for more platforms (like XBox) or languages (like C#). I don't think Unity (game engine) or OGRE explicitly list any drawbacks of the respective engines either. (P.S. I think that this is not related to the notability concern.) MichalisKamburelis (talk) 07:21, 9 October 2019 (UTC)