text:
Liu Dai

Liu Dai (died 192), courtesy name Gongshan, was a Chinese politician who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.

Life
Liu Dai was from Mouping County (牟平縣), Donglai Commandery (東萊郡), which is in present-day Muping District, Yantai, Shandong. He served as a Palace Attendant (侍中) and the Inspector of Yan Province (兗州刺史) under the Han dynasty.

In the spring of 190, Liu Dai joined the coalition of warlords led by Yuan Shao to oppose Dong Zhuo, a tyrannical warlord who controlled the central government and held Emperor Xian hostage. Later Liu Dai had disagreements with Qiao Mao, the Administrator of Dong Commandery, so he killed Qiao Mao and replaced him with Wang Gong (王肱).

Liu Dai then arranged for marriages between his family and the clans of Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan. Yuan Shao allowed his family members to stay with Liu Dai, while Gongsun Zan sent his follower Fan Fang (范方) to lead troops to support Liu Dai. When Yuan Shao later developed a rivalry with Gongsun Zan, the latter broke off relations with Liu Dai as well. Gongsun Zan said to Fan Fang, "If Liu Dai does not drive away Yuan Shao's family members, you will lead your men back to our territory. I'll attack Liu Dai after I've eliminated Yuan Shao." Liu Dai was at a loss over how to handle the crisis when his adviser Wang Yu (王彧) told him to consult Cheng Yu, and Liu Dai heeded his suggestion. Cheng Yu urged Liu Dai to stand on Yuan Shao's side and Liu followed the advice. Gongsun Zan was defeated and conquered by Yuan Shao eventually.

In 192, thousands of former Yellow Turban rebels from Qing Province swarmed into Yan Province and gathered in Dongping County. Liu Dai wanted to attack the rebels but Bao Xin advised him against it. Liu Dai ignored Bao Xin and proceeded to attack the Yellow Turbans, and was defeated and killed in battle.

In Romance of the Three Kingdoms
In the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, when Yan Province was conquered by the warlord Cao Cao, Liu Dai had no choice but to surrender. After losing his domain, he attacked Liu Bei, but was defeated and robbed of his position. Liu Dai followed his adviser Bao Xin's suggestion to join Cao Cao and had since been engaged in suppressing the Yellow Turban remnants. As his achievements increased, Liu Dai became more overconfident and he refused to listen to Bao Xin, which resulted in their deaths.

title: Liu Dai


text:
Moment of Inertia

The moment of inertia is sometimes called and referred to as "angular mass." It is the "amount of resistance" to rotational motion.

The moment of inertia of a point mass is

 * $$I \ \stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\ m r^2\,\!$$

The moment of inertia is additive, therefore, for a rigid body consisting of $$N$$ point masses $$m_{i}$$ with distances $$r_{i}$$ to the rotation axis, the total moment of inertia is the sum of the point-mass moments of inertia

 * $$I \ \stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\ \sum_{i=1}^{N} {m_{i} r_{i}^2}\,\!$$

The moment of inertia is commonly used to calculate torque when multiplied by the angular acceleration. This analogous to F = ma.

 * $$Torque = Ia\,$$

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Moment of Inertia


text:
Dunns Creek State Park

Dunns Creek State Park is a Florida State Park, located approximately 15 miles south of Palatka, on US 17.

History
Native Americans used this site as evidenced by the fairly widespread burial mounds. During the 1920s, a steamboat stop provided wood and water to citrus loaded ships. The area was also used as a post office for the towns of Pomona and Sisco. The 6,000-acre property was the site of turpentining, logging, cattle ranching and farming operations within the last century. Located south of a sharp bend in the St. Johns River along Dunns Creek (which connects to Crescent Lake), the park was added to the state park system in October 2001.

title: Dunns Creek State Park


text:
свекрꙑ

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) mother-in-law

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) mother-in-law

title: свекрꙑ


text:
User:Pedc22/sandbox

CROQUET
Croquet comes to Woodhall Spa Formed in 1992 from a Women's Institute Women's institute Women activity group, the club is a memeber of the Croquet Association CA and plays both Association Croquet and Golf Croquet at the local park known as Jubilee Park on the Stixwould Road in Woodhall Spa

title: User:Pedc22/sandbox


text:
Quantum aesthetics

Quantum Aesthetics is a movement that was inaugurated by Gregorio Morales at the end of the 1990s with his work “El cadaver de Balzac” or Balzac's Corpse (1998). Here he defined the objectives of the movement in the phrase “mystery and difference”.

Later the Quantum Aesthetics Group arose, formed by novelists, poets, painters, photographers, film producers, models... Gregorio Morales has applied these aesthetics not only to his novels, such as “Nómadas del Tiempo” or Nomads of Time (2005), but also to his poetry books such as “Canto Cuántico” or Quantum Song (2003). Here he enters emotively in the world of subatomic physics and the human mind. Other known artists in this movement are the painter Xaverio, the poets Francisco Plata and Miguel Ángel Contreras, the film director Julio Medem and the North American musician Lawrence Axerold.

title: Quantum aesthetics


text:
User:Ctrlmainspace

For every time I forget to sign my name on an edit: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

is it pretentious to style your own signature? Ctrlmainspace (talk) 04:51, 21 September 2017 (UTC)©       (I'm somewhat educated but probably not as smart as you, go easy on me.)

“I haven't been home for a while I'm sure everything's the same Mom and Dad both in denial An only child to take the blame Sorry, Mom, but I don't miss you Father's no name you deserve I'm just a kid with no ambitions Wouldn't come home for the world ” - Sum 41

title: User:Ctrlmainspace


text:
User:Sesandiego/Choose an Article

Article Selection
Please list articles that you're considering for your Wikipedia assignment below. Begin to critique these articles and find relevant sources.

Option 1

 * Voting Rights in the United States
 * Could use some more information regarding accessibility and ballot information.
 * Source of article- Voting rights in the United States
 * Source of maybe? new information- http://sociallogic.iath.virginia.edu/node/30
 * Source of article- Voting rights in the United States
 * Source of maybe? new information- http://sociallogic.iath.virginia.edu/node/30

Option 2

 * Article title
 * Article Evaluation
 * Sources
 * Sources
 * Sources

Option 3

 * Article title
 * Article Evaluation
 * Sources
 * Sources
 * Sources

Option 4

 * Article title
 * Article Evaluation
 * Sources
 * Sources
 * Sources

Option 5

 * Article title
 * Article Evaluation
 * Sources
 * Sources
 * Sources

title: User:Sesandiego/Choose an Article


text:
Mitsubishi 4A9 engine

The Mitsubishi 4A9 engine is the newest family range of all-alloy inline four-cylinder engines from Mitsubishi Motors, introduced in the 2004 version of their Mitsubishi Colt supermini, and built by DaimlerChrysler-owned MDC Power in Germany (previously a joint venture).

The engine project was begun as a joint effort by Mitsubishi Motors and DaimlerChrysler (DCX), with Mitsubishi handling the development of the engines and MDC Power GmbH, a company previously jointly established by Mitsubishi and DCX, handling production. The 4A9 is Mitsubishi's first four-cylinder engine family to adopt a high-pressure die-cast aluminum block.

All engines developed within this family have aluminum cylinder block and head, four valves per cylinder, double overhead camshaft layouts, and MIVEC continuous variable valve timing (intake only).

Engine family characteristics
For high output and low fuel consumption, the MIVEC system and other measures (including optimized shaping of the intake and exhaust manifolds and cylinder head) were used to promote intake and exhaust efficiency. Optimally shaped cooling passages in the cylinder head and optimal control of the flow of coolant into the cylinder head help to suppress engine knocking. Comprehensive measures to engine components were taken to minimize friction.

For lightness and compactness; design optimization, material optimization, and component integration were identified as effective means of minimizing weight and bulk, so they were comprehensively effected in combination with each other. With regard to materials, the cylinder block is made of aluminum; the cylinder-head cover and intake manifold are made of plastic; the exhaust manifold has a pipe-based structure and cams driven by a timing chain. Component integration was applied in many areas of the engine. Notably, the functions of engine accessories were integrated into the cylinder block.

Exhaust emissions from the engine are minimized by measures including optimal design of the combustion chambers, optimal control of the intake air motion by means of the cylinder-head ports, employment of the MIVEC system, employment of an ultra-thin cylinder head gasket, and employment of micro-droplet fuel injectors. The vehicle's overall exhaust emissions are further suppressed by location of the exhaust manifold at the rear of the engine. This layout is beneficial since it minimizes the heat capacity of the exhaust system upstream of the catalytic converter and thus, together with combustion control, promotes activation of the catalytic converter.

4A91's DOHC camshafts are driven by a single-stage roller chain of 8 mm pitch and 12.5 mm width, instead of the previous 4G15's cogged belt drive. Camshafts act directly on bucket-type tappets. The intake camshaft is fitted with a continuously variable cam-phasing, altering timing up to 50 degrees. Valves are inclined at an included angle of 34 degrees versus the 4G15's wider 45 degrees.

Specifications
Engine type — DOHC 16v, ECI multiple Displacement — 1332 cc Bore pitch — 83 mm Bore — 75 mm Stroke — 75.4 mm Compression ratio — 10.5:1 Power — 70 kW at 6000 rpm Torque — 125 Nm at 4000 rpm

Applications

 * 2004-2012 Mitsubishi Colt
 * 2004–2006 Smart Forfour (as Mercedes-Benz M135 E13)
 * 2011 Haima 2
 * 2014 BAIC Up
 * 2016 DFM Joyear X3
 * Zotye Z200
 * DFM T5 EVO 2023

Specifications
Engine type — DOHC 16v, ECI multiple Displacement — 1499 cc Bore pitch — 83 mm Bore — 75 mm Stroke — 84.8 mm Compression ratio — 10.5:1 Power — 109 hp at 6000 rpm Torque — 145 Nm at 4000 rpm

Applications

 * 2004 Mitsubishi Colt
 * 2007 Mitsubishi Lancer
 * 2004–2006 Smart Forfour
 * 2009–2019 Soueast V3
 * 2010 Brilliance FSV
 * 2011 Haima 2
 * 2012 Senova D20
 * 2013–present Soueast V5
 * 2013–present Zotye Z300
 * 2014 Senova D50
 * 2014–present Zotye SR7
 * 2016–2020 BAIC BJ20
 * 2016–present Ario S300
 * 2016 Brilliance V5
 * 2016 Senova X55
 * 2016 Yema T70 SUV
 * 2017 Soueast DX3
 * Zotye Z200
 * 2017–present Soueast DX7
 * 2017–present Mitsubishi Xpander
 * 2019–present Nissan Livina
 * 2023–present Mitsubishi Xforce
 * 2023-present DFM T5 EVO NOBLE 2023

Specifications
Engine type — DOHC 16v,ECI multiple Displacement — 1590 cc Bore pitch — 93 mm Bore — 75 mm Stroke — 90 mm Compression ratio — 11.0:1 Power — 86 kW at 6000 rpm Torque — 154 Nm at 4000 rpm

Applications

 * 2010 Mitsubishi ASX (EU)
 * 2011 Mitsubishi Lancer (EU)
 * 2013 Mitsubishi Lancer (PH)
 * 2024 Mitsubishi Xpander (HEV)
 * 2011 Brilliance H530
 * 2012 Brilliance V5
 * 2012 Zotye Z300 (1.5/1.6L)
 * 2017/2018 DFM Joyear X3
 * 2016/2021 DFM X5 (Farda SX5)
 * DFM SX6 2024,2025

title: Mitsubishi 4A9 engine


text:
deep thinker

Noun

 * 1)  A person whose thoughts are profound; an intellectual.

Translations

 * Finnish: syvällinen ajattelija

title: deep thinker


text:
Abdul Alim Musa

Imam Abdul Alim Musa (born February 6,1945 as Clarence Reams) was a Muslim American activist. He died of natural causes on November 25, 2022. Musa was the founder and director of As-Sabiqun, and the Islamic Institute of Counter-Zionist American Psychological Warfare which has been identified as a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center.

Background
Abdul Alim was born in Arkansas in 1945, but lived in Oakland, California during the 1960s. It was during this period that he associated with H. Rap Brown (Imam Jamil Al-Amin), who later converted to Islam.

Having set up a drug dealing operation in Colombia, Musa was arrested on charges including heroin smuggling, currency smuggling and assaulting a federal agent. After evading the authorities for several years, Musa fled to Algeria, where he came in contact with several self-exiled Black Panther leaders such as Eldridge Cleaver. After returning to the U.S., he turned himself in and was eventually incarcerated at the United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth.

While in prison, Musa converted to orthodox Sunni Islam. Musa supported the Iranian Revolution, believing that it would lead to the revival of Islam.

Travel to Iran
Following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, Musa publicly expressed his support for the Islamic republic and its leader, Ayatollah Khomeini. Since the early 1980s, he has made several visits to Iran as a representative of American Muslims. In February 2013, Musa attended the International Conference on Hollywoodism and spoke negatively about the portrayal of Muslims portrait in United States films.

Musa made connections with Muslim leaders during the decade – both Sunni and Shia – and stressed that unity was a primary objective for the Islamic movements success. He references the writings of Malcolm X, Ayatollah Khomeini, Sayyid Qutb, Maulana Maududi, and Kalim Siddiqui. New members of the group are encouraged to individually familiarize themselves with the works of these political Islamic thinkers in addition to daily classes and lectures on classical Islamic studies, Arabic, hadith and Quran.

Allegations of Antisemitism
According to the Anti-Defamation League, Musa "propagates a radical and anti-Semitic ideology." He said in May 2007: "Who ran the slave trade ... who funded [it]? You'll study and you will find out: the Jews ... It was the Jewish bankers ... in Vienna, with pockets full of money, funding and insuring, that's who did it ... you can't tell us about no holocaust. Between the African Americans and the Native Americans, everybody else's stuff was small potatoes."

According to Benjamin Ginsberg, student groups the Associated Students of the University of Washington and the Black Students Commission allegedly sponsored "a vehemently anti-semitic" speech by Musa, in which he asserted that America was controlled by Jews, and that "Yahuds are the enemy of humanity."

Critics have suggested that he promotes antisemitism in his speeches. In June 2000, he said of Jamil al-Amin, later falsely convicted for murder of an Atlanta deputy sheriff: "Al-Amin ... turned his ideas, his belief in Islam, into practical solutions for society. And they can't stand that. Just like our brother said: the Zionists are the same today as they was then. In those days [in pre-Islamic Arabia] they controlled the liquor market in Madinah…and the Zionists kept the Arab leaders broke and drunk ... the yahud [Arabic word for Jew] were sitting back and had each one of them [Arab clans] fighting each other because the leaders was both drunken and they was all in owe [sic] to the same Yahud…he was manipulating the Arabs…then Islam came [and abolished Riba, or interest]."

Since 2000
Musa said that "I would love to have a case in court with the FBI. I would love for them to arrest me on any trumped-up charges." Musa later commented that "I tried to get a case several years ago. We had a demonstration. I waved a check for Hamas, cashier's check, by the way. And I said, 'I'm donating this to Hamas.' Then I waited for them to arrest me. They didn't arrest me. So I put the thing back in the bank."

At the January 21, 2001 event titled Shaping Our Perspective: Our Role in a Changing World, sponsored by the Muslim Students Association at UCLA, Musa is quoted as stating: "If you were to say that the Soviet Union was wiped off the face of the Earth . . . people would have thought you were crazy, right? The people of Afghanistan didn't have the intellect or historical knowledge to know that they wasn't supposed to wipe out the Soviet Union, is that right? . . . We saw the fall of one so-called superpower, Old Sam (the United States) is next."

On October 6, 2002, he spoke on Muhammad's model of leadership and its modern applications at the ICIT Seerah Conference in Sri Lanka. On July 7, 2000 Musa, while in the company of his wife and daughter, witnessed the Metropolitan Police Department in Washington DC beating a citizen. He attempted to intervene by approaching the officers and telling them to stop. They continued until Musa grabbed one of the officers and was consequently arrested for assaulting the police. He spent two nights in jail before appearing before a judge on July 10. In court, the police reduced the charge against him to a misdemeanor.

Musa has made a number of controversial statements:
 * Zionist American agents blew up the World Trade Center
 * Palestinian suicide bombers are heroes
 * The U.S. government saturated U.S. cities with heroin in the 1960s to snuff out black rebellion
 * The United States should become an Islamic state

Musa has stated that "The American ship is going down, and it's clowns like that [President George W. Bush] that's driving it down. We don't have to do nothing. Just step back, pray, fast, do good deeds, and stuff like that. And let that guy go. . . . When he finishes, nobody will love, nobody will trust, and nobody will believe anything coming from the United States of America."

In January 2010, during a debate with George Mason University professor Jack Goldstone on Iranian Press TV, Musa said "they (Americans) set up the Mexicans..." and that "The American history is a history of robbing and stealing, and setting up people in order to get what they want."

Banning from the United Kingdom
In April 2009, Musa's name was released to the press as one of 22 people banned from entering the United Kingdom in October 2008. The Home Office said this was due to his being "Considered to be engaging in unacceptable behavior by fomenting and glorifying terrorist violence in furtherance of his particular beliefs and seeking to provoke others to terrorist acts."

Islamic Institute of Counter-Zionist American Psychological Warfare
In 2011, Musa founded the Islamic Institute of Counter-Zionist American Psychological Warfare, distributing flyers that say "For 30 years, Masjid Al-Islam [Sabiqun's mosque] has been carrying on a direct, face-to-face struggle against the monolithic Zionist American regime... We are an anti-Zionist American psycho-guerrilla warfare movement. We use all available tools found in our environment in exposing the anti-Islamic, anti-human policies of this Zionist American system." The mission is "to counter the concerted efforts of the enemies of Islam to sustain a false characterization of Islam and Muslims as a dangerous threat to global stability and tranquility."

The institute was established to "monitor Zionist and Israeli networks, circles, and clubs which deceitfully infiltrate Muslim and Black groups," according to a June 2010 Sabiqun newsletter. In a January 2011 statement announcing the opening of the Oakland branch, Sabiqun also declared that one of the institute's goals is to "Analyze the Zionist grip on humanity established via the media and economics."

title: Abdul Alim Musa


text:
What You Should Know About Medicines/Analgesics

An analgesic is a medicine used to relieve pain. The body of analgesic knowledge is vast and complex. Morever it is ever changing with an increasing array of new molecules and drugs.

Examples of Analgesics:

1. Flexin Continus tablets  Useful in Osteoarthritis and Painful Musculoskeletal disorders

2. Codafen Continus tablets  Useful in Dental pain, post-operative pain, dysmenorrhea

Pain relief has traditionally relied on three main groups of drugs:
 * Opioids, which reduce pain awareness in the brain, but don't change the pain
 * Local anaesthetics, which confuse the nerves sending pain signals to the brain
 * Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which reduce the inflammation **which leads to pain

Researchers continue to search for new ways of using these traditional drugs. (a) Varying the routes of administration.
 * The oral route is the most common, but means the medication has to be swallowed, absorbed into the body, and pass the liver before it can work.
 * Transdermal Opioids (putting cream or patches on the skin) is an advantage for continuous pain treatment, like cancer pain or severe arthritis, and one formulation may last 72-80 hours, reducing medication administration errors and side effects
 * Injectable pain medication is frequently used for areas that allow surgery or other pain relief when the entire body does not need to be involved, like fixing a tooth at the dentist, or sewing a laceration closed on an arm.

(b) Use of some different delivery formulations. (c) Changing the species to which they may be given.

Research has also brought in various new compounds offer improved pain relief and reduction in side effects.


text:
Film School/About

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:98%" All about the Wikiversity Film School
 * colspan="2" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Cornsilk;" |

Wikiversity Film School

 * The Wikiversity Film School is a preparitory school for high school and college students who plan to go to film school. We teach you software that film schools do not have the time to teach you.  We teach all the things that regular film schools expect you to know BEFORE you get to their film school.

 * 8% chance of acceptance
 * USC undergraduate department has 800 applications per year but they only accept 50 students. Almost everyone applying to the undergraduate department already has filmmaking experience.

 * Different Goals
 * When you go to USC, they will teach you how to do production and how to work together as a team.

 * At Wikiversity Film School, we teach you how to "Do It Yourself". And we do not teach production.  Instead we teach everything else.

 * Computer Software
 * The major thing that you will not have time to learn at USC is how to use all the possible software for working with film pre-production, production and post production. You have to learn this on your own time... preferably before you get to film school.

 * Therefore, Wikiversity Film School tries to introduce you to all the possible software you will need when you make your own motion pictures.

 * Only Narrative
 * Wikiversity Film School only covers narrative filmmaking. This is not laziness.  Documentary filmmaking, corporate video, event video and multimedia are totally different technologies.  None of these technologies overlap.

 * Incompetent Instructors
 * Many incompetent instructors will ask narrative film students to learn documentary filmmaking. Because the entire technology (filming, sound, and music techologies) are totally different, not only does this waste the students time and money, it gives the students incorrect training.

 * Schools that give students the opportunity to learn about documentary filmmaking is good. But to try to teach narrative filmmaking students by assigning them assignments that teach them incorrect techology is criminal fraud. It prevents you from learning what you need to know.

 * No Production
 * Wikiversity Film School does not teach production. It just is not practical to study live-action film production from a distance.  This requires hands on experience which is not possible over the Internet.

Instead, we teach the technologies you need to know before you start doing your production classes in film school.
 * }

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:98%" Conclusion title
 * colspan="2" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Cornsilk;" |

The next page

 * Continue this lesson on Next Lesson Description

Contact your instructor

 * Your instructor for this class is Your Name. To email me, you simply @undefined.  [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|32px]]

 * }

title: Film School/About


text:
Andrův stadion

Andrův stadion is a football stadium in Olomouc, Czech Republic. It is the home ground of SK Sigma Olomouc and occasionally hosts matches of the Czech Republic national team. The stadium holds 12,474 people.

It was built in 1940 and is named after Josef Ander (1888–1976), local interwar businessman and philanthropist who also sponsored football in Olomouc. In the past, historical clubs SK Olomouc ASO and Křídla vlasti Olomouc played there.

International football matches
The Czech Republic have played 14 full international matches at Andrův stadion, the first one taking place in 1998. These have mainly been matches against less attractive opposition where a relatively small crowd is expected, and it has therefore been unnecessary to play the match in Prague.

title: Andrův stadion


text:
User:BlakeBingham/Books/WaldronArkansas

Waldron, Arkansas

 * Waldron, Arkansas
 * Scott County, Arkansas
 * Arkansas

title: User:BlakeBingham/Books/WaldronArkansas


text:
pentirsi

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to repent
 * 2) to regret

Usage notes

 * This verb is defective in that it lacks a present participle (per Hoepli); but compare adjectival and nominal.

title: pentirsi


text:
User:Umashankar b c

Umashankar boriah chandrappa

Umashankar was born in sakareyapatna in chickmaglur dist

Father Boriah Chandrappa

Mother Vasantha chandrappa.

Has 2 siblings Ravindra and Bharath.

title: User:Umashankar b c


text:
слана

Etymology
From, formally a resultant/action noun of an unattested verb *соля (🇨🇬), from 🇨🇬 +.

Noun

 * 1) hoarfrost

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) hoarfrost

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) hoarfrost

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) hoarfrost

title: слана


text:
Salt River (Kentucky)

The Salt River is a 150 mi river in the U.S. state of Kentucky that drains 2920 sqmi. It begins near Parksville, Kentucky, rising from the north slope of Persimmon Knob south of KY 300 between Alum Springs and Wilsonville, and ends at the Ohio River near West Point. Taylorsville Lake is formed from the Salt River, and Guist Creek Lake is also in its drainage basin.

Annual flooding swells the normally quiet waters to a rapidly flooding torrent, especially along the Rolling Fork, which runs largely along the base of steep, shaly knobs that mark the boundary between the Pennyroyal Region (a Mississippian limestone plateau) to the west and south and the Outer Bluegrass. (See the Ohio River flood of 1937 at Louisville, for an example.) The Taylorsville Lake Dam, built in the early 1970s, has tamed the worst of the floods and changed the nature of the river downstream. Some flooding still occurs, especially near the Brashears Creek confluence at Taylorsville, but it is primarily back flow from the Ohio. The river receives the most rain in the month of May and the least in September, according to data from the local National Weather Service office.

Dams were proposed on the Rolling Fork at Howardstown and on the Beech Fork at Campground, but were not deemed economically feasible. These two tributaries are marked on maps as the Rolling Fork River and the Beech Fork River. A tributary of the Beech Fork, the Chaplin River, rises near the source of the Salt.

Wildlife
The Salt River has areas protected by the Nature Conservancy because of several rare creatures and plants. The flood waters created rich bottom lands and support a variety of wetland habitats. Turtles, fish, waterfowl abound, deer, river otters and beaver are some of the typical animals living in the area. However, some not so common animals live in the area like the Indiana bat, gray bat, fanshell, and Louisville (Knob Creek) crawfish.

In addition to the animals, there are several rare or unique plants that live in the area. These include Carex crawei (Crawe's sedge), Cypripedium candidum (small white lady's-slipper), Leavenworthia exigua var. laciniata (glade cress), Sporobolus heterolepis (Prairie dropseed), Symphyotrichum pratense (silky aster), and Viola egglestonii (Eggleston's violet).

Geology
The river has a 2920 sqmi drainage area and is the fifth largest watershed in the state. The terrain around much of the river is deeply ridged until it nears its outlet at the Ohio, near West Point. The river itself is roughly 480 to 500 ft above sea level. The shallow river valley is 490 to 530 ft above sea level, but there are usually steep hillsides that climb quickly to elevations at 650 to 750 ft, a common ground level in the central Kentucky area. This creates areas of flat topped ridges separated by narrow valleys or "hollows," often washed out by small creeks or streams draining into the river. Flash floods are common in these narrow valleys, and they complicate travel between ridges, often requiring a circuitous path. It was not uncommon for folks in the valley and folks on the ridge-tops to see each other infrequently.

The Salt River in Bullitt County contains class I rapids and is 11.5 mi. On cool mornings, fog fills the valley floor, stabilizing and cooling the temperature, while on the ridge, it may be hot and dry. Tobacco, corn and soybeans do well in the lower fields, even while droughts parched the drier, hotter ridges.

History
The river received its name from the Bullitt's Lick settlement that was founded at an animal salt lick in 1779 by Henry Crist. The river has been used for navigation and sustenance since humans occupied the area. Old Indian artifacts are found along the length of the river valley by farmers and new construction work in the area. Log cabins and settlements grew on the banks, using it as a source of water, power and transportation. The river bank flats and water made travel over through the ridged terrain easier.

During the American Civil War, an earth-walled fort was established on a tall hill overlooking the Ohio, near the Salt River. It guarded passage through Louisville and south on the road along the Ohio River, which much later became known as the Dixie Highway. It also protected against Southern forces attacking from the Ohio River and up the Salt River. Fort Duffield may be the best-preserved earthen Civil War fort in America and illustrates how important river access via the Salt River and the Ohio was to early travelers.

In 1983 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers completed a dam on the river just above Taylorsville, forming Taylorsville Lake.

Economy
During early settlements, high water was used to ship timber and local product down stream to the Ohio River. In quieter waters, small boats came upstream, helping settlers move goods to remote farms. It also flooded towns like Taylorsville, Shepherdsville, and to a lesser extent southern Louisville and West Point, changing their architecture and growth pattern.

A number of mills used to dot the length of the Salt River and its tributaries, using the water to grind feed and flour, saw lumber and more. These include those of Bullitt's Lick and Bell's Mill on Floyd's Fork.

The Salt River was a primary water source for a number of towns and farms. Taylorsville, Mount Washington and Shepherdsville all used to draw water from the river until water lines were extended from Louisville.

title: Salt River (Kentucky)


text:
2015 Trofeo Faip–Perrel – Doubles

Karol Beck and Michal Mertiňák were the defending champions, but they did not participate this year.

Martin Emmrich and Andreas Siljeström won the title, defeating Błażej Koniusz and Mateusz Kowalczyk in the final, 6–4, 7–5.

Seeds
• # 🇦🇺 Rameez Junaid / 🇨🇦 Adil Shamasdin (first round)

• # 🇧🇾 Sergey Betov / 🇧🇾 Alexander Bury (first round)

• # 🇬🇧 Ken Skupski / 🇬🇧 Neal Skupski (first round)

• # 🇩🇪 Martin Emmrich / 🇸🇪 Andreas Siljeström (champions)

title: 2015 Trofeo Faip–Perrel – Doubles


text:
Talk:Quaker Hill, Connecticut

Untitled
The sources this article uses needs to be cited. I disagree with the content.

Founders of Quaker Hill
Yes, Quaker Hill was founded by religious dissidents, but if by "catholics" one means "Roman Catholics", the facts here are wrong. The Rogerenes, or "Quaker Baptists", made it their business to be a pain in every church's neck. See Descendants of James Rogers for a much more accurate - though not definitive - account.

Founded by Rogers
Went to the website, put it in the article. There is a citation at the end that redirects you to the website now. Also there is a picture of the Thames River, a river that is located in Quaker Hill. The picture is of the New London end though. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:29, 23 February 2007 (UTC).

This article must change its template
This article is a village but utilize the. Can you please make another template for villages and stop using the city template. Thank you!

Redirect/split discussion
This article contains information relating to the Quaker Hill Historic District, presently a redirect to this article. Please comment in the discussion section below, concerning the desirability of the combination and whether the matter should be closed. Comments should address issues relating to the merge or split of the articles and are not meant to be a debate at this phase. If direct discussion is required, it will follow in a separate section.  Acroterion  (talk)  14:07, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

Comments
May i now create an article at the NRHP HD name, Quaker Hill Historic District (Waterford, Connecticut), in order to develop what is knowable about the NRHP HD. Note i am now creating disambiguation page at Quaker Hill Historic District which is needed no matter what. Further, I would probably like to create an alternate version of the Quaker Hill article, meant to be complementary to the new Quaker Hill Historic District (Waterford, Connecticut) article, at Talk:Quaker Hill/alternative, so that the pair of articles could be compared to the existing Quaker Hill article. I assume there may now be some development of the existing Quaker Hill article, as well. It is fine by me if others might want to copy new material from the separate new NRHP HD article into the Quaker Hill article, or otherwise develop the Quaker Hill article, but I request some space in order to create the NRHP HD alternative. doncram (talk) 16:14, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

Separate NRHP HD article There are no inline citations in the article besides the NRIS footnote, and no source addressing relationship of NRHP HD to the neighborhood. Per many other NRHP HD cases, I guesstimate that the NRHP HD is significantly different than the neighborhood. It would be unsupportable in mainspace to say that they are the same, or to attempt to describe their relationship. So, there's no basis to ban the NRHP HD article from being created at the NRHP HD name. I note that no argument for banning the NRHP HD article has been provided. doncram (talk) 01:16, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

 * I am refraining from starting a separate NRHP HD article, which is the topic of this "discussion" in which no one else has commented. However, I am editing this Quaker Hill article itself to avoid the false claim that "Quaker Hill is a village and a historic district."  In fact, Quaker Hill Historic District is a historic district, but Quaker Hill is not.   I don't know if Quaker Hill is a village or neighborhood or what (note there are no sources whatsoever supporting even that), but I will leave claims along those lines untouched. doncram (talk) 18:21, 21 September 2009 (UTC)

 * I see that Polaron re-added the NRHP infobox to the article, although he did not restore the false claim in the text. I won't edit war about deleting or adding the NRHP infobox now.  But, I think it detracts from the article, and it should not be kept unless the relationship of the NRHP HD to Quaker Hill the village or neighborhood or whatever can be explained. doncram (talk) 18:49, 21 September 2009 (UTC)

 * I've removed other material, but the infobox is gone and i think it was not me who removed it. I've just started Quaker Hill Historic District (Waterford, Connecticut) to hold it.  Hopefully that is okay, at least for discussion purposes.  If the outcome of the merger/split decision is to merge, then that can be redirected. doncram (talk) 18:05, 26 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Given the dearth of information about the HD, I think it's premature to start an article about it. However, when there is information to base an article on, it probably ought to be a separate article. The Quaker Hill section of Waterford is much larger than than the HD, and the area's history is not likely to be the primary topic of the Quaker Hill article. --Orlady (talk) 23:43, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

unsourced material removed from article
I just removed the following passage from the article for discussion here. Perhaps some material could be restored to the article, if sources can be found, but the passage is currently unsupported. Quaker Hill can be roughly defined by the mail delivery area that is comprised by the United States Postal Service zip code delivery area of 06375. It may also be defined as the area served by the Quaker Hill Elementary School or by the Quaker Hill Fire Company, Incorporated, as persons who live within the 06375 zip code but whose children attend other elementary schools do not always consider themselves residents of Quaker Hill. Quaker Hill lies at approximately Latitude 41.40 north and Longitude 72.11 west. The village is primarily residential with the center of the village being roughly the intersection of the Old Norwich Road and the Old Colchester Road. This intersection was made famous by the "House in the Middle of the Road," a house that stood in the middle of the intersection with no significant yard. This house was burned by the Quaker Hill Fire Company as a training exercise and its former site is now the Quaker Hill Village Green. The other significant feature of Quaker Hill is Smith Cove, a brackish cove which is navigable by small boats as far as the Old Norwich Road bridge. This cove empties into the Thames River directly opposite the Naval Submarine Base New London in Groton. The village center is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district. The historic district is the area around Old Norwich Road, extending as far south as the village of Thames View and as far north as Route 32. Also as written some of it seems speculative and non-encyclopedic, such as a claim that "Quaker Hill can be defined" in a certain way. Who if anyone does define it that way? doncram (talk) 20:15, 21 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Which items specifically do you think is false and not merely unsourced but likely true? --Polaron | Talk 20:28, 21 September 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't know what is likely true or not, although certainly the claims that Quaker Hill "may be defined" in a certain way are inappropriate as written, as obviously being speculation. Also, it seems unlikely that a cove is in a hill.  If Quaker Hill in fact refers to a hill, then the cove cannot be in it.  If Quaker Hill is in fact a village, it is quite possible that it could be bordered by a cove.  But whether a village includes a cove that it borders is a further assertion that I don't know is true or not.  Are there legal boundaries of the village?  But it is wikipedia policy, anyhow, that unsourced material can be challenged and removed.  I challenge all of this, including even the mention of the NRHP HD, which is inappropriate to mention if its relationship to "Quaker Hill" cannot be explained.  Please do try to explain a relationship if you know of one, here, and please state your sources. doncram (talk) 20:40, 21 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Those are merely various things that are known as "Quaker Hill". The ZIP code boundaries can easily be sourced. The school neighborhood zone can be sourced. The fire district boundaries can be sourced. The only thing that I think is speculation is "as persons who live within the 06375 zip code but whose children attend other elementary schools do not always consider themselves residents of Quaker Hill". As you know, a village in Connecticut has no legal boundary other than a possible fire district in some cases. There is in fact a hill within Quaker Hill but I don't know what it's name is. It's located east of Route 32 and north of Smith Cove. But this article is about Quaker Hill the village. The original village is the area around the cove. Whether the cove itself is part of the village or nor is immaterial as no one lives within the cove. The modern main road of the village does cross the cove. This topic has several books written about it so I'm not sure why you think saying Quaker Hill is a village is speculation. The historic district description is merely the one from the NRIS database, with some added information from road atlases. What else? --Polaron | Talk 20:51, 21 September 2009 (UTC)

 * I removed much of same unsourced and possibly irrelevant/non-encyclopedic material from the article again. Polaron, it is wikipedia policy that unsourced material can be challenged and removed.  You can't just put it back in with citation needed tags.  And in particular you can't put in a whole lot of unsourced assertions with just one "citation needed" tag at the end of the paragraph, which seems to convey that there is one late fact in the paragraph which needs some support. doncram (talk) 23:44, 25 September 2009 (UTC)

elementary school
I removed the following from the article. It seems irrelevant to me, as elementary schools are relatively unimportant in general and news-like details of construction of a new one seem non-encyclopedic. Quaker Hill Elementary School, located at 118 Old Norwich Road, is currently under construction. Quaker Hill School was built in 1915, and opened in 1917. It was fully demolished on February 23, 2007. The current plan is to put a replica of the building in its place. The building was under construction but is now open to the public and students from Quaker Hill and Cohanzie will be going to the school end of August 2008.

The construction has been mentioned in committee meeting notes available on-line. Please discuss any possible restoration, here. doncram (talk) 23:36, 25 September 2009 (UTC)

 * I believe you are misconstruing the "consensus" on elementary schools (which is admittedly not well documented, but is pretty consistently applied at AfD). With rare exceptions, they are not deemed to be sufficiently notable to have their own stand-alone articles, it is entirely acceptable (and indeed encouraged) to include content about these schools in broader articles about school districts and localities. I'm restoring this content to the article. --Orlady (talk) 20:31, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Quaker Hill, Connecticut. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20090218120816/http://waterfordcountryschool.org:80/about/faqs.html to http://www.waterfordcountryschool.org/about/faqs.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:19, 21 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Quaker Hill, Connecticut


text:
World History/The Russian Revolution

Background
At the turn of the century in 1900 the inexorable slide towards revolution in Russia was already taking place. Russia's economy had started on a rocky road toward capitalism. Though large growth had occurred, it was not sufficiently large enough to advance a nation the size of Russia.

The Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (1900-1903)
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, more commonly known by his pseudonym V. I. Lenin, was born into a well-to-do Russian family in Sambirsk, Russia. His elder brother, Alexandar Ulyanov, was executed in May 1887 for an assassination plot against Czar Alexander III. Vladimir was arrested for revolutionary activity that same year, and expelled from Kazan University where he had been studying law. Rather than become a lawyer, Lenin became a Marxist and an advocate of violent revolution against the Czars. In December 1895, he was arrested by the Okrhana and deported to Siberia. He married Nadezdha Krupskaya in July 1889. When his exile ended in 1900, he left Russia and helped to form the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP) among Russian emigrants in Switzerland and started publishing the party newspaper Iskra (The Spark). In 1903, Lenin caused the split of the party into a Bolshevik (Majoritarian) and Menshevik (Minoritarian) factions, which eventually became permanent

The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
The Russian Empire, under the Czars, had advanced over the largest territory since the Mongol Empire, encompassing all of modern Russia, Poland, Finland, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Mongolia. Still, the Czars hungered for more. Under Czar Nicholas II, Russia attempted to expand its influence by occupying the northeastern Chinese province of Manchuria and then turned its greedy eyes toward Korea. However, the Japanese, whose army and navy had been modernized to Western standards, was already in possession of the peninsula. Japan struck first. Its forces quickly routed the Russians, who had hoped to turn an easy victory in the war into a counter-revolutionary propaganda coup. The Russian's Baltic Fleet was sent all the way to the Tsushima Strait between Korea and Japan, only to have all eight battleships destroyed by the Japanese navy in a pitched battle. The war was concluded with a humiliating peace on September 5, 1905, even as Russia was experiencing its Revolution of 1905.

Turmoil and Conflict in Russia (1905-1914)
Lenin's Bolsheviks were one of several political parties that developed in Russia during this period. In addition to the Bolsheviks, there were the Social-Revolutionaries, Constitutional-Democrats (Kadets), and Social-Democrats. In Russia, the situation vacillated throughout the period between bad and worse. Peter Stolypin, as Minister of Internal Affairs, acted to try and salvage the situation. A reformist conservative, Stolypin saw the necessity of agrarian reform and attempted to help the peasants situation. In the Czar's court however, people came to see him as a self-interested politician who was gradually losing Nicholas II's favor. In September 1911, he was assassinated by a Socialist-Revolutionary. Very probably, this was the nail that sealed the Czar's coffin, though it wasn't yet apparent.

Lenin's own party was only slightly active during this time. Lenin himself returned to Russia in 1905, but then had to flee yet again when the Okrhana was able to reassert its control. Within Russia, the Bolsheviks operated a newspaper called Pravda (The Truth), which was too much about theory for the tastes of most ordinary Russians. Lenin also was presented with the problem that Marxism traditionally involved a period of capitalist development before socialism and then communism could be achieved. Lenin tried to convince his colleagues that a single stage, violent revolution, could send the country immediately to the socialist stage of development and completely sidestep the so-called "bourgeois-democratic" revolutionary stage.

In 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated while taking a parade route through the Bosian provincial capital of Sarajev by a Serbian nationalist. Austria, which produced a set of demands to which Serbia would have to reject, then invaded Serbia before the answer had even arrived. Russia immediately mobilized to help its ally, Serbia. However, because the Russian generals insisted that they had to mobilize all of their troops as their plan called for, troops began to appear on the Russian-German border in Poland. Germany of course told the Russians to stop, but they continued anyway, provoking a German declaration of war. France then declared war on Germany. Germany decided it would be a good idea to invade through neutral Belgium, provoking a British declaration of war against the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and later the Ottoman Empire). Russia simply wasn't ready for a war of such a magnitude. The Russian industrial economy could not stomach the demands put upon it by the war effort. Prices began to rise, as the Russians suffered severe setbacks on the front. Soldiers began to desert. The situation was becoming desperate.

The slide to revolution (1914 - February 1917)
The Russians were faced with an impossible situation in the east in 1914. They were expected to defend and attack both the powerful German Reich and the strong Austro-Hungarian Empire. They had the strength to do neither. At the Battle of Tanneburg, 100,000 Russians became prisoners of war and the Germans swept through Poland. At the beginning of the war, however, there was strong support for the war within Russia, as within the other major combatants. However, this turn of events would later turn the people vehemently against the war, which nobody expected to be so bloody or to drag on for four years.

The war situation was acceptable at first. Adequate supplies were available to the troops, however, the urban store houses started to run out of food. Nicholas II's government introduced price controls on grain and other foodstuffs. Rationing quickly became the norm. The thing that really triggered the economic collapse however, was the transportation network, which was woefully inadequate. While the existence of east-west railroads was sufficient, the north-south links were broken and disjointed. Shortages of supplies caused industries to suffer, which caused banks to tighten credit. Each industry aggravated each other's problems. The Czar also continued to repress liberties and freedoms, especially in the Fourth Duma (remember that he had already dismissed it three times).

The situation comes to an abrupt head in February 1917, as strikes broke out on the 22nd at a main armaments plant. Women textile workers began to strike. By the 24th, a city-wide strike had swept the capital city of Petrograd (changed from St. Petersburg to sound less German). Nicholas II took counsel with his advisors, and was told that the situation was untenable.

The February Revolution (February - October 1917)
On March 2, the Czar abdicated while traveling by train from the front to Petrograd. Russia literally became a republic overnight. Several prominent Duma members immediately formed a committee to govern the country, which became known as the Provisional Government. The head was to be the Prince Lvov, a relative of the outgoing Czar. The cabinet announced a series of radical social reforms: freedom of speech, faith, assembly, and press. They promised elections for a Constituent Assembly (parliament) by all adults over twenty-one years of age, including women. However, the Provisional Government decided, perhaps fatally, that they would continue the war, which many Russians had already begun to oppose. The Provisional Government should have realized that there was no real hope for governing the country and improving the situation without ending the war. As it was, their insistence on fighting the war immediately made the Provisional Government unpopular. By that time, large-scale mass desertions were occurring on the front and the war was probably untenable for any regime.

The October Revolution (October - November 1917)
The October Revolution dated to October 25, 1917 (November 7), also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was the second phase of the overall Russian Revolution of 1917, after the February Revolution of the same year. The October Revolution overthrew the Russian Provisional Government and gave the power to the Soviets dominated by Bolsheviks.

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
This was a treaty that prematurely pulled Russia out of WWI before the war had ended. It had harsh economic consequences on Russia and made it ineligible for post-war war talks and treaties.

The Russian Civil War (1918-1921)
A civil war fought between the 'Whites' and the 'Reds'. The Whites were against communism and were either capitalists or monarchists. They were also aided by some Western nations who saw them as a way of preventing mass growth of communism in Russia. The reds were pro-communist and fought to establish a permanent communist government, they were called the Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks won the Russian Civil War.

The New Economic Policy (1921-1924)
Lenin's economic policy that was implemented after the failure of "war communism". It allowed limited private ownership of certain businesses and industries and went against the principles of pure communism. Yet, it improved the nation's economic condition and stabilized industry.

The new economic policy could be said to have been the introduction of capitalism back into the economy.

This plan was introduced as an emergency plan to help the Bolsheviks win the civil war. The peasants benefited immensely from the new economic policy and food distribution improved. It also gave people the chance to vote.

Lenin's Legacy
Lenin died on January 21, 1924, aged 53. In the four days that the he lay in state, more than 900,000 mourners viewed his body.

Winston Churchill, who encouraged British intervention against the Russian Revolution, in league with the White Movement, to destroy the Bolsheviks and Bolshevism, said:

He alone could have found the way back to the causeway... The Russian people were left floundering in the bog. Their worst misfortune was his birth... their next worst his death.”

title: World History/The Russian Revolution


text:
User:Mockeldritch

About Me
My name is Michael Sadowski, I am a research fellow in bioinformatics. I have degrees in pharmacology and bioinformatics from the university of Leeds. I am passionately interested in learning and teaching science, particularly biological science. I also have many outside interests, including playing Go, reading, philosophy and playing/composing music.

title: User:Mockeldritch


text:
Overend

Overend is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * William Heysham Overend (5 October 1851 – 18 March 1898), British marine artist and book illustrator
 * Best Overend (1909–1977), Australian architect
 * Jonathan Overend, English journalist
 * Jonathan Magri Overend (born 1970), Maltese footballer
 * Ned Overend (born 1955), American cyclist
 * Robert Overend (1930–2017), Northern Ireland politician
 * Sandra Overend (born 1973), Northern Ireland politician

title: Overend


text:
Introduction to Programming/Organization

How is a program organized and used? [part 1]
A simple program is a list of statements. When the program is invoked, the computer starts at the beginning of the list and executes each statement in order until it reaches the end. Then it stops. The exact form of a program, where the "first statement" is located as well as what can be done in a statement are all determined by the programming language being used.

From here on, this learning activity will be covering all material that should be reinforced through actual programming exercises. If you have not yet selected a programming language, please do that now and do the first lesson. This lesson will usually introduce a minimalistic program known as Hello, world!. Though seemingly meaningless, this lesson is nevertheless important because it gives students three critical skills—editing a source file, compiling the source file (if it is a compiled language) and running the resulting program.

 * Break to do the first programming exercise
 * Java version

Statements
Most computer programming languages have statements or something similar to them. The terms line and line of code are also used.

A statement is a more-or-less atomic piece of code that is clearly differentiated, usually by a special character or character sequence called a statement terminator.

In C (and languages like C such as C++, Java, etc.) the statement terminator is a semi-colon. In BASIC (and languages like BASIC such as Fortran, Ruby, Python, etc.) the statement terminator is a newline. In Prolog and Erlang the statement terminator is a period (.).

this could be a statement; this would be another statement;

The syntax rules for statements are very rigid and ruthlessly enforced by the compiler/interpreter. Inexperienced programmers sometimes miss subtle nuances in programming language rules, causing them no end of trouble. When learning a new programming language, you should have access to an experienced programmer who can help you with these kinds of problems.

 * Next Lesson
 * Previous Lesson


text:
User:Mandhramvijesh

vijesh vijay is an indian film director, screenwriter, who has predominantly worked in malayalam cinema. his directorial debut is mandharam, staring asifali, mandharam released in the year 2018, vijesh vijayhttps://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2018/sep/03/asif-ali-didnt-treat-me-like-a-newcomer-says-mandharam-director-vijesh-vijay-1866987.htmlhttps: //www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/debutant-director-vijesh-vijays-mandharam-which-releases-on-october-5-has-asif-ali-in-five-looks/article25067931.ece

title: User:Mandhramvijesh


text:
Morris S. Barnett

Morris S. Barnett (1808 – April 30, 1902) was an American politician.

Barnett owned a sawmill in Eldorado, Wisconsin in the 1840s. United States Senator Philetus Sawyer worked for Barnett at the sawmill. He was active in the anti-slavery movement in Wisconsin. He lived in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and served on the Milwaukee County Board of Supervisors. Barnett then moved to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. In 1851 and 1857, Barnett served in the Wisconsin Assembly while living in Fond du Lac. Barnett was a member of the Whig and Free Soil Party. Barnett later supported the Republican Party. Barlett died from pneumonia at his son's home in Neenah, Wisconsin.

title: Morris S. Barnett


text:
Roland Gareis

Roland Gareis (born March 15, 1948) is an Austrian economist, former Professor of Project Management at the Vienna University of Economics and Business, and consultant. He is known for his work on the theory and practice of project management, and is considered co-founder of the "Management by projects" approach.

Youth, education and early academic career
Gareis was born in 1948 Vienna, son of Gunter Gareis and Erika Gareis. In his early years he wa an active youth player at the Austrian football club SK Rapid Wien. he participated in the 1968–69 SK Rapid Wien season. In 1969 he graduated from the Vienna University of Economics and Business with a thesis on a new structure for the Hotel and Catering Industry, where in 1972 he also obtained his PhD.

Gareis started his academic career at the Institut für Baubetrieb und Bauwirtschaft at the Vienna University of Economics and Business, where in 1979 he obtained his habilitation with a thesis on "Investment planning for the construction company."

Further academic career and other activities
From 1979 to 1981 Gareis was professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1982 he started his own consultancy firm, which he continued to president during his further career. From 1994 until 2013 he was also university professor for project management at the Vienna University of Economics and Business.

Over the years he was Visiting Professor at the ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) in 1982, at Georgia State University in Atlanta in 1987; and at the Université du Québec in Montreal in 1991. From 1986 to 2002 he was chairman of the Project Management Association Project Management Austria, and in 1990 Research Director of the IPMA and organizer of the IPMA World Congress on "Management by Projects."

Selected publications

 * Gareis, Roland, ed. Handbook of management by projects. Manz, 1990.
 * Gareis, Roland. Happy projects!. Editura ASE, 2006.
 * David I. Cleland, Roland Gareis. Global Project Management Handbook: Planning, Organizing and Controlling International Projects, Second Edition. 2006. p. 24-21

 * Articles, a selection
 * Gareis, Roland. "‘Management by projects’: the management approach for the future." International Journal of Project Management 7.4 (1989): 243-249.
 * Gareis, Roland. "Management by projects: the management strategy of the ‘new’project-oriented company." International Journal of Project Management 9.2 (1991): 71–76.
 * Gareis, Roland, and Martina Huemann. "Project management competences in the project-oriented organisation." The Gower handbook of project management. Gower: Aldershot (2000): 709–721.
 * Gareis, Roland. "Management of the project-oriented company." The Wiley Guide to Project, Program and Portfolio Management (2007): 250–270.
 * Gareis, Roland. "Changes of organizations by projects." International Journal of Project Management 28.4 (2010): 314–327.

title: Roland Gareis


text:
Talk:Boston University Bridge

"travelling over" trivia
Text below was originally added to article's page by <IP_ADDRESS>
 * "I think this can also happen at Grafton NSW Australia."

AbsolutDan 05:48, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * some other sources for the "travelling over" trivia:
 *
 * AbsolutDan 06:16, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * There are plenty of double-deck bridges in the world where boats are below trains are below cars are below planes. See: Kap Shui Mun Bridge in Hong Kong for one example.  Granted this example is a double deck bridge and not two separate bridges, but still the above statement can be replicated. (boat -> train -> car -> plane)  As a Bostonian, I would love for the BU bridge to be only place, but that is simply not the case. April 26, 2010 — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:00, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

Photos
There's some good photos of (and more info on) the bridge here: AbsolutDan 06:16, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

History
Why was it built? What did it connect at the time? Why was it renamed? -- Beland (talk) 04:33, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

 * why it was renamed - Denimadept (talk) 19:58, 14 July 2011 (UTC)

 * why was it built - Denimadept (talk) 20:00, 14 July 2011 (UTC)

Sources for updating
project page

user-friendly project page

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Denimadept (talk • contribs) 19:54, 14 July 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Boston University Bridge


text:
User:Nunh-huh~enwikibooks

English wikipedia link: User talk

Wikijunior links:
 * Wikijunior Big Cats
 * Wikijunior Solar System
 * Wikijunior South America

title: User:Nunh-huh~enwikibooks


text:
MS Smyril

The Smyril is a passenger and car ferry owned and operated by the Faroese transport company Strandfaraskip Landsins. She is the largest ferry in the fleet and the fifth vessel to carry the name Smyril, which is the Faroese word for merlin. The ferry takes 200 cars and 975 passengers.

The ferry services Suðuroy with 2-3 daily trips from Tórshavn to Krambatangi. The trip takes 2 hours and 5 minutes. Strandfaraskip Landsins meets all arrivals and departures with buses to Vágur, Tvøroyri and Hvalba, while dial-a-ride services link the ferry to/from other villages, including Fámjin.

History
The current Smyril was built at the IZAR shipyard in San Fernando, Spain. She entered service on the 15 October 2005.

Previous vessels
Since the 1890s the Strandfaraskip Landsins have operated five different ships named Smyril.

Smyril (I)
Smyril I was built in the 1890s and began as a smaller transport boat in Tvøroyri in the Faroe islands.

Smyril (II)
Smyril II was built in Frederikshavn in Denmark in 1931, arriving in the Faroe Islands in 1932. It was much more modern than the first Smyril, it had a large saloon with sofas, and it even had a small saloon for smokers. The ferry was welcomed with song and music on the harbour of Tórshavn. Two days after arrival, the ferry started to sail on route between the islands. It sailed from Tórshavn, the capital, to many villages, i.e. to the villages on the eastern side of Eysturoy, to the villages on the eastern side of Sandoy and to several of the villages on the eastern side of Suðuroy, to the village Vestmanna, which is on the west coast of Streymoy and to Vágar island and sometimes also to smaller island like Mykines and Nólsoy. Smyril II also sailed to Klaksvík. Smyril I left the Faroe Islands on the same day as the new ferry started on her route, after sailing between the islands in 35 years.

Smyril (III)
Smyril III was built in Tórshavn, at the shipyard Tórshavnar Skipasmiðja, in 1967. It was a modern fast-moving and seaworthy vessel. With the new Smyril the sailing time between Torshavn and Tvøroyri was reduced from four to three hours. Smyril III could accommodate 300 passengers, but with the changes that were made in the infrastructure in the Faroes in the 1970s, the need for a larger vessel, a real car-ferry, grew to cover the community’s requirements.

Smyril (IV)
Smyril IV was built in 1969 as MV Morten Mols for the Danish shipping company Mols-Linien and bought by Strandfaraskip Landsins in 1975. It began to show signs of wear against the strong Faroese elements in the mid 1990s and by 2003 it was facing extreme difficulties in sailing through the strong currents of the islands. It was eventually replaced and taken out of operation in October 2005 with Smyril V.

New harbour

A new harbour was built to accommodate the fifth Smyril in 2004. It is called Krambatangi and is situated on the southern side of the Trongisvágsfjørður, opposite Tvøroyri. More precisely, it is located between the villages of Trongisvágur and Øravík, in a hamlet named Øravíkarlíð. The old dock was called Drelnes is situated further inland and remains in use as an industrial and cultural area.

The new ferry terminal also served to centralise traffic from Suðuroy to the rest of the country. Until 2005, the Suðuroy ferry had scheduled departures to Tórshavn from alternatingly Tvøroyri (Drelnes) and Vágur, but the larger ferry, modern terminal and the opening of the Hovstunnilin in 2007 enabled the closure of the branch to Vágur. In earlier days, Smyril ferries would occasionally call at Skálavík, Sandoy.

title: MS Smyril


text:
Talk:Science as religion/Einstein

This page has been introduced because it is felt that if Evolution can be questioned within Wikiversity, then so can Gravity - after all, it's only a theory. I hope it is understood. Please discuss...
 * To me, you seem to be attempting to mock Wikiversity. While this topic is something that could be discussed in good faith, a careful line should be tread here, and pursue the object in good faith.  I'm not sure that we need any agents provocateurs at Wikiversity right now.  If you are serious about contributing to Wikiversity, I recommend you register here.  The Jade Knight 06:01, 20 February 2007 (UTC)
 * The matter is serious. It appears that the 'Science as Religion' article merely concentrates on one particular scientific theory. This led me to believe that it is a cover for ID, and lo and behold the rest of the article is about evolution. The scientific method is larger than any one theory and advances by disproving a particular theory in favor of one that more closely fits observations. Gravity is a prime example where Newton's theory of gravity was superceded by Einstein's. Gravity is also important in the discussion because it is a powerful predictive theory that leads sciencists to conclusions about the nature of the universe - the big bang etc. There could indeed be elements of religion in such thinking as it leads to a possible point of creation. From another angle, if one does not dismiss ID then one cannot easily dismiss IF so easily. Indeed if there is any weight to ID then IF becomes more probable - totally directed by a 'higher power'. I am in no way mocking Wikiversity, indeed I am defending it by ensuring a balance is achieved. I have helped build several pages when it was part of wikibooks already and am keen to continue.
 * People believe in ID; no one seriously believes in IF. As such, it is impossible to compare them as similar belief systems.  If you wish to make such a comparison, it will need to be on entirely different grounds.  You're welcome to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Naturalism, if you like, or of ID, or of Atheism or Agnosticism, or of Buddhism or Islam—but please do not bring in something which is satirical in nature and designed explicitly to mock the views of another and claim that it is an equal example.  The Jade Knight 02:51, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

This is a little ridiculous. We're putting all these things in the EVOLUTION section, when they are not only not examples of evolution, they are clearly topics for a sociology, religion, or philosophy section! Could we simply take these out and move them to their proper locations? -Tom

title: Talk:Science as religion/Einstein


text:
The Converted Deacon

The Converted Deacon is a 1910 American silent short drama produced by the Thanhouser Company. The film follows the daughter who disobeys her father by associated with the theater and becomes a star on the stage. She keeps it a secret, but he father arrives in town and takes her home because her mother is ill. John DeLacy follows her home and disguises himself to secure a position on the farm. A newspaper reveals the daughter's fame and only after a song and dance does the father's anger abate and allows the two lovers to marry. Little is known about the production of the film, but the Thanhouser films were distinguished as being the best of the Independent companies in a The New York Dramatic Mirror editorial. The film was released on July 15, 1910, and met with mixed reception. The film is presumed lost

Plot
Though the film is presumed lost, a synopsis survives in The Moving Picture World from July 16, 1910. It states: "May Sanders is the daughter of a farmer, Deacon Sanders, who is nearly as poor as he is religious. May goes to the city to seek employment, and her father warns her to shun theatres and bad company. Her first job is a maid in the home of Mrs. Carr, wife of a theatrical manager. Mrs. Carr discovers that May can sing and dance exceptionally well, and her husband places May on the stage. She makes a hit right from the start. Also she annexes the affections of John DeLacy, a wealthy young man. But she does not dare tell her parents about her new vocation. Matters drag along until the Deacon unexpectedly arrives in town. May has still pretended to be the maid of Mrs. Carr, and the father finds her in the house when she calls. He tells her that her mother is ill, and she is needed at home. She goes and is promptly put to work on the farm. John follows his sweetheart to the country, and to be near her, pretends to be poor and secures a job on the farm. The newspaper gives the Deacon a clue to the mystery, and he prepares to disown his daughter. But when she sings and dances, his anger melts, he forgives May and John, who later marry with a paternal blessing."

Production
The writer of the scenario is unknown, but it was most likely Lloyd Lonergan. Lonergan was an experienced newspaperman employed by The New York Evening World while writing scripts for the Thanhouser productions. The film director and the cameraman are unknown and no known credits for the cast are cited by film historian, Q. David Bowers. Members cast may have included the leading players of the Thanhouser productions, Anna Rosemond, Frank H. Crane and Violet Heming.

Despite the lack of production details, the quality of the Thanhouser films in general stood out amongst the Independent producers. An editorial by "The Spectator" in The New York Dramatic Mirror contained specific praise for Thanhouser productions by stating, "...practically all other Independent American companies, excepting Thanhouser, show haste and lack of thought in their production. Crude stories are crudely handled, giving the impression that they are rushed through in a hurry - anything to get a thousand feet of negative ready for the market. Such pictures, of course, do not cost much to produce, but they are not of a class to make reputation. The Thanhouser company, alone of the Independents, shows a consistent effort to do things worthwhile..." The editorial warned that American audiences were not subject to be entertained by the novelty of moving images and cautioned the Independents that there was distinct danger in quantity over quality. The editorial was written by Frank E. Woods of the American Biograph Company, a Licensed company, and like the publication itself had a considerable slant to the Licensed companies.

Release and reception
The single reel drama, approximately 1000 feet long, was released on July 15, 1910. The film had a wide national release in the United States, theaters showing advertisements include those in Kansas, North Carolina, Maryland, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Arizona, and Missouri. One of the last advertisements for the film was in Neosho, Missouri on May 14, 1913.

The film received mixed reception in trade publications, but some advertisements would boast the power of the film or go so far as to call it a great American drama. The Moving Picture News stated, "As a sketch of country folk, admirable because it is true. The situations are well worked out. The conversion! Could it be? A New England church meeting would be a good place to exhibit and - ask questions." Though the reviewer in The New York Dramatic Mirror however disagreed that the premise was plausible, "A [straight-laced] old deacon forms the complicating element in this rather conventional and rather improbable story. That a girl could become a comic opera star without the knowledge of her parents is a strain for the imagination. That a simple little dance like the one in the picture could effect such a conversion is another tax on belief. The acting is good, especially in the heroine's role. The deacon displays an unnatural tendency in such a stern character when he rapturously kisses the photograph of his daughter." It is unknown if the character of Deacon Sanders is really a church deacon because the synopsis states Deacon Sanders is a farmer who is "nearly as poor as he is religious".

title: The Converted Deacon


text:
Ronnie Buckley

Ronnie Buckley (born 15 June 1986) is an Australian male discus thrower, who won an individual gold medal for Australia in discus throwing at the Youth World Championships (u18) in Sherbrooke Canada (2003) he also went onto represent his home country of Australia in (2004) at the world junior (u20) world championships in Grosseto Italy the following year. Mr Buckley over his discus career broke many records that still stand to this day and can be seen in the athletics Australia and athletics Victoria records archive.

title: Ronnie Buckley


text:
Talk:Joan Alison

To be included in Wikipedia, all articles must meet notability standards and verifiability standards. Also, no original research is allowed per WP:OR. In addition, biographies of living persons require a high degree of citation and reliable sources. Check these policies out. Mattisse(talk) 16:33, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, I've just done a cleanup of the writing, but the article is essentially about the play and the movie, not about Joan Alison. The information is all duplicated at Murray Burnett, and undoubtedly elsewhere.  We need a lot more information about Joan Alison personally, to make this article viable.  --  JackofOz (talk) 00:30, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Joan Alison


text:
Richmondshire Museum

The Richmondshire Museum is a museum located in Richmond in North Yorkshire, England.

The Museum Trust was founded in 1974 by the Soroptimists of Richmond and the Dales; the Museum opened in 1978 in a former joiner's workshop, and has expanded its collections ever since.

The Museum incorporates a reconstructed cruck house, which contains a collection of domestic bygones. There is a Leadmining Gallery, which details the industry which flourished in Swaledale and the North Yorkshire Dales until the end of the nineteenth century. The Transport Gallery has a model of Richmond Railway Station. Another room contains the Herriot Set from the BBC's All Creatures Great and Small, and Barker's Chemist's Shop. The Wenham Gallery covers the history of Richmond and district. In 2008 the Museum opened a recreation of the Richmond grocer's shop where the founder of the Fenwick department store chain began his working life. Next to this there is a recreation of an ironmonger's shop and the Museum also houses the old post office from nearby Grinton.

The Museum also boasts a purpose built Discovery Centre that can be used by both schools and visiting families. Here visitors can dress up and play in the mock up shop and with bygone toys; this room also houses the Museums Wednesday Workshops which are free activity sessions for families.

title: Richmondshire Museum


text:
Viktoryia Hasper

Viktoryia Hasper (born 9 January 1988) is a Belarusian basketball player who competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics.

title: Viktoryia Hasper


text:
vaalia

Etymology 1
Borrowed from dialectal. Related to 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to cherish, treasure, foster, nurse, nurture to hold dear and treat with extra care

Etymology 1
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) light, pale

Etymology 2
Borrowed from. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to knead (dough)

Etymology 1
Borrowed from.

Verb

 * 1)  to knead dough

Etymology 2
Borrowed from.

Adjective

 * 1) light, pale

title: vaalia


text:
Perfect Gentleman (Wyclef Jean song)

"Perfect Gentleman" is the third single released from Haitian rapper Wyclef Jean's second studio album, The Ecleftic: 2 Sides II a Book. It features a guest verse by rapper and co-writer Hope Harris. The song cites Chris Rock's spoken-word piece "No Sex (In the Champagne Room)".

"Perfect Gentleman" was released in the United States on 30 January 2001 and reached number 21 on the Billboard Rhythmic Top 40 chart; it failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100. Internationally, the song peaked within the top 10 in Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. In the latter country, the song was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).

Chart performance
In the United Kingdom, "Perfect Gentleman" peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart and spent a total of 20 weeks on the chart. In 2013, the song re-appeared on the chart at number 70. In December 2017, the single was certified platinum by the BPI, denoting sales and streams of 600,000 units in Britain. The song is certified gold in Sweden, where it reached number four as well.

Music video
The music video was shot in Washington, D.C., and features a scene outside The White House. The video shows Wyclef Jean in a large ballroom, performing the song to the crowd. It later features Jean as a college dean, outlining his plans for being the Perfect Gentleman. One of the songwriters, Harry Tait, makes a guest appearance in the video.

Track listings
UK CD single (671052 2)
 * 1) "Perfect Gentleman" (LP version) – 4:09
 * 2) "Perfect Gentleman" (vinyl remix featuring Xzibit and King Yellowman) – 4:38
 * 3) "Perfect Gentleman" (Kelly G House mix) – 8:25
 * 4) "Perfect Gentleman" (CD extra video)

UK 12-inch single (671052 6)
 * A1. "Perfect Gentleman" (remix—vinyl mix featuring Xzibit and King Yellowman) – 4:38
 * A2. "Perfect Gentleman" (remix instrumental) – 4:38
 * B1. "Perfect Gentleman" (Kelly G House Mix) – 8:25
 * B2. "Perfect Gentleman" (Kelly G House Mix instrumental) – 8:25

UK cassette single (671052 4)
 * 1) "Perfect Gentleman" (LP version) – 4:09
 * 2) "Perfect Gentleman" (vinyl remix featuring Xzibit and King Yellowman) – 4:38

European CD single (COL 671052 1)
 * 1) "Perfect Gentleman" (radio edit) – 3:19
 * 2) "Perfect Gentleman" (remix radio edit) – 3:59

Australian CD single (671052.2)
 * 1) "Perfect Gentleman" (radio edit) – 3:19
 * 2) "Perfect Gentleman" (remix radio edit) – 3:59
 * 3) "Perfect Gentleman" (Kelly G House mix) – 8:25
 * 4) "911" (video version)

Credits and personnel
Credits and personnel are taken from The Ecleftic: 2 Sides II a Book album booklet.

Studios
 * Recorded and mixed at The Hit Factory (New York City)
 * Mastered at Sterling Sound (New York City)

Personnel

 * Wyclef Jean – writing, vocals, production
 * Jerry "Wonder" Duplessis – writing (as Jerry Duplessis), production
 * Hope Harris – writing, vocals
 * Joe Di Marco – additional background vocals
 * Farel Sedeck Guerschom Jean – co-production
 * Andy Grassi – recording, mixing, mastering
 * Chris Gehringer – mastering
 * Serge "Sergical" Tsai – mastering

Cover versions
"Perfect Gentleman" was covered by the reggae rock band Slightly Stoopid on their 2003 LP Everything You Need. Harry Tait also covered this on his acoustic album named All the Things I Love and More, which debuted at number 99 on the UK Albums Chart.

title: Perfect Gentleman (Wyclef Jean song)


text:
four score and seven years ago

Etymology
lit. '87 years ago' ( sense: “group of 20”) the beginning of the made on November 19, 1863, by United States President  (1809–1865). The widespread familiarity of Lincoln’s address, the unusual and poetic wording, and its status as the first words of the speech have caused the phrase to enter the public consciousness.

Adverb

 * : a long time ago; many years ago.

title: four score and seven years ago


text:
brown bagging

Noun

 * 1) The practice of carrying lunch to work (or school), frequently in a brown paper bag.
 * 2)  The agricultural practice of planting seed saved from the farmer's own harvest, as opposed to buying new seed from a seed company.

title: brown bagging


text:
User:Melissathegerman

My name is Melissa and I'm studying Film and Media at a University in Scotland. I'm a member in the Student Film Society and decided to move to Scotland from Germany - thus the german thing in my username.

title: User:Melissathegerman


text:
Talk:Dionysis Chiotis

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 one external links on Dionisis Chiotis. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140524135627/http://www.apoelfc.com.cy:80/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=11366&tt=graphic&lang=l1 to http://apoelfc.com.cy/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=11366&tt=graphic&lang=l1
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140829033728/http://apoelfc.com.cy/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=9975&tt=graphic&lang=l2 to http://www.apoelfc.com.cy/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=9975&tt=graphic&lang=l2
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150525203224/http://www.apoelfc.com.cy/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=13110&tt=graphic&lang=l1 to http://apoelfc.com.cy/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=13110&tt=graphic&lang=l1

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:06, 13 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Dionisis Chiotis. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140829033728/http://apoelfc.com.cy/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=9975&tt=graphic&lang=l2 to http://www.apoelfc.com.cy/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=9975&tt=graphic&lang=l2

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:32, 11 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dionysis Chiotis


text:
Talk:Sticks and Stones (The 77s album)

Fair use rationale for Image:77sSticksAndStones.jpg
Image:77sSticksAndStones.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 04:58, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sticks and Stones (The 77s album)


text:
Portal:Indonesia/Selected articles2/18

The orangutans are the two exclusively Asian species of extant great apes. Native to Indonesia and Malaysia, orangutans are currently found only in the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra. Orangutans were considered to be one species until 1996. The orangutans are the only surviving species of the subfamily Ponginae. Orangutans are the most arboreal great apes and spend most of their time in trees. Their hair is typically reddish-brown, and males and females differ in size and appearance. Social bonds occur primarily between mothers and their dependent offspring. Fruit is the most important component of an orangutan's diet. Both orangutan species are considered to be Endangered. Threats to wild orangutan populations include poaching, habitat destruction and the illegal pet trade. There are several conservation and rehabilitation organisations dedicated to the survival of orangutans in the wild. (Read more...)

title: Portal:Indonesia/Selected articles2/18


text:
Hafnium–tungsten dating

Hafnium–tungsten dating is a geochronological radiometric dating method utilizing the radioactive decay system of hafnium-182 to tungsten-182. The half-life of the system is $8.9$ million years. Today hafnium-182 is an extinct radionuclide, but the hafnium–tungsten radioactive system is useful in studies of the early Solar system since hafnium is lithophilic while tungsten is moderately siderophilic, which allows the system to be used to date the differentiation of a planet's core. It is also useful in determining the formation times of the parent bodies of iron meteorites.

The use of the hafnium-tungsten system as a chronometer for the early Solar system was suggested in the 1980s, but did not come into widespread use until the mid-1990s when the development of multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry enabled the use of samples with low concentrations of tungsten.

Basic principle
The radioactive system behind hafnium–tungsten dating is a two-stage decay as follows:

 * → + electron + electron antineutrino

 * → + electron + electron antineutrino

The first decay has a half-life of 8.9 million years, while the second has a half-life of only 114 days, such that the intermediate nuclide tantalum-182 (182Ta) can effectively be ignored.

Since hafnium-182 is an extinct radionuclide, hafnium–tungsten chronometry is performed by examining the abundance of tungsten-182 relative to other stable isotopes of tungsten, of which there are effectively five in total, including the extremely long-lived isotope tungsten-180, which has a half-life much longer than the current age of the universe. The abundance of tungsten-182 can be influenced by processes other than the decay of hafnium-182, but the existence of a large number of stable isotopes is very helpful for disentangling variations in tungsten-182 due to a different cause. For example, while 182W, 183W, 184W and 186W are all produced by the r- and s-processes, the rare isotope tungsten-180 is only produced by the p-process. Variations in tungsten isotopes caused by r- and s-process nucleosynthetic contributions also result in correlated changes in the ratios 182W/184W and 183W/184W, which means that the 183W/184W ratio can be used to quantify how much of the tungsten-182 variation is due to nucleosynthetic contributions. The influence of cosmic rays is more difficult to correct for since cosmic ray interactions affect the abundance of tungsten-182 much more than any of the other tungsten isotopes. Nonetheless, cosmic ray effects can be corrected for by examining other isotope systems such as platinum, osmium or the stable isotopes of hafnium, or simply by taking samples from the interior that have not been exposed to cosmic rays, though the latter requires large samples.

Tungsten isotopic data is usually plotted in terms of ε182W and ε183W, which represent deviations in the ratios 182W/184W and 183W/184W in parts per 10,000 relative to terrestrial standards. Since Earth is differentiated the crust and mantle of Earth are enriched in tungsten-182 relative to the initial composition of the Solar system. Undifferentiated chondritic meteorites have ε182W = $-1.9$ relative to Earth, which is extrapolated to give a value of $-3.45$ for the initial ε182W of the Solar system.

Dating planetary core formation
A primordial planet is undifferentiated, meaning that it is not layered according to density (with the densest material being towards the interior of the planet). When a planet undergoes differentiation the dense materials, particularly iron, separate from lighter components and sink to the interior forming the core of the planet. If this process took place relatively early in a planet's history, hafnium-182 would not have sufficient time to decay to tungsten-182. Since hafnium is a lithophile element the (undecayed) hafnium-182 would remain in the mantle (i.e. the outer layers of the planet). Then, after some time, the hafnium-182 would decay to tungsten-182 leaving an excess of tungsten-182 in the mantle. On the other hand, if differentiation occurred later in a planet's history, then most of the hafnium-182 would have decayed to tungsten-182 before differentiation began. Being moderately siderophilic, much of the tungsten-182 would sink towards the interior of the planet along with iron. In this scenario, not much tungsten-182 would subsequently be present in the outer layers of the planet. As such, by looking at how much tungsten-182 is present in the outer layers of a planet, relative to other isotopes of tungsten, the time of differentiation can be quantified.

Model ages
If we have a sample from the mantle (or core) of a body and want to calculate a core formation age from the tungsten-182 abundance we need to also know the composition of the bulk planet. Since we do not have samples from the core of Earth (or any other intact planet) the composition of chondritic meteorites is generally substituted for that of the bulk planet. Hafnium and tungsten are both refractory elements so there is not expected to be any fractionation between hafnium and tungsten due to heating of the planet during or after formation. A model age for the time of core formation can then be calculated using the equation

$$t=\frac{1}{\lambda}\ln \left ( \frac{(\epsilon^{182}{\rm W_{chondrite}}-\epsilon^{182}{\rm W_{SSI}})f^{\rm Hf/W}}{\epsilon^{182}{\rm W_{sample}}-\epsilon^{182}{\rm W_{chondrite}}} \right )$$,

where $$\lambda$$ is the decay constant for hafnium-182 (0.078±0.002 Ma−1), the ε182W values are those of the sample, chondritic meteorites (taken to represent the bulk planet) and the Solar System Initial value, and $$f^{Hf/W}$$accounts for any differences in the general abundance of hafnium between the sample and chondritic meteorites,

$$f^{Hf/W}=\frac{(^{180}{\rm Hf}/^{184}{\rm W})_{\rm sample}}{(^{180}{\rm Hf}/^{184}{\rm W})_{\rm chondrite}}-1$$.

It is important to note that this equation assumes that core formation is instantaneous. This can be a reasonable assumption for small bodies, like iron meteorites, but is not true for large bodies like Earth whose accretion likely took many millions of years. Instead more complex models that model core formation as a continuous process are more reasonable, and should be used.

Core formation times for Solar system bodies
The method of hafnium-tungsten dating has been applied to many samples from Solar system bodies and used to provide estimates for the date of core formation. For iron meteorites hafnium-tungsten dating yields ages ranging from less than a million years after the formation of the first solids (calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions, usually called CAIs) to around 3 million years for different meteorite groups. While chondritic meteorites are not differentiated as a whole, hafnium-tungsten dating can still be useful for constraining formation ages by applying it to smaller melt regions in which metals and silicates have separated. For the very well studied carbonaceous chondrite Allende this gives a formation age of around 2.2 million years after the formation of CAIs. Martian meteorites have been examined and indicate that Mars may have been fully formed within 10 million years of the formation of CAIs, which has been used to suggest that Mars is a primordial planetary embryo. For Earth, models of accretion and core formation are strongly dependent on how much giant impacts, like that presumed to have formed the Moon, re-mixed the core and mantle, yielding dates of between 30 and 100 million years after CAIs depending on assumptions.

title: Hafnium–tungsten dating


text:
Filmmaking Basics/Thumbnail Storyboard/Step by Step

This page is an experiment in programmed learning.

 * Lesson #004 - Creating the Thumbnail Storyboards
 * Page 4 - Step by Step - Thumbnail Storyboarding of Seduced by the Dark Side!

 * Current Location
 * Wikiversity (English) $$\Leftrightarrow$$ Humanities $$\Leftrightarrow$$ Art and Design $$\Leftrightarrow$$ Fine Arts $$\Leftrightarrow$$ Film and Television $$\Leftrightarrow$$ Narrative Film Production $$\Leftrightarrow$$  Course #01 - Learning the Basics of Filmmaking $$\Leftrightarrow$$  Lesson #004: Thumbnail Storyboards   $$\Leftrightarrow$$    Page 4 - Step by Step - Thumbnail Storyboarding of Seduced by the Dark Side!

Ops! Before You Start
My goal for this exercise was to show you the different ways that you can film this scene. But the math overwhelmed me!

For each shot, there are at least two possibilites and there are at least 12 shots in this movie. Therefore, there are at least 4,000 possible ways to storyboard this movie.

Ops! To show all of the possible storyboards for this short movie, I would have to spend about one year drawing over 4,000 storyboards. For now, I have only one storyboard finished. If you select the first option ("A") for all questions, you will see it. Other storyboards will be added shortly.

Start at the Beginning
The script says, "EXTERIOR - The local movie theater - NIGHT. The Young Person and Old Person stand looking at the movie poster outside the theater.  Young Person says, "That was a great movie...but I do not understand one thing."

Which Is The Best Opening Shot?
-
 * Option "A" - The Young Person with the Old Person in the Background
 * To start the movie, you can show the Young Person with the Old Person in the backgroud watching the movie poster. (This shows a wide angle lens which means the Old Person will appear smaller than the Young Person because the Old Person is further away from the camera.)

-
 * Option "B" - The Poster
 * To start the movie, you can show just the poster. When you show the poster, you will play the Star Wars theme.

 * Option "C" - The Poster over the shoulders of the Young Person with the Old Person.
 * To start the movie, you can show the back side of the two people plus the poster.

 * Option "D" Young Person with the Old Person
 * To start the movie, you can show the front side of the two people.

 * Option "E" The Young Person
 * To start the movie, you can show the front side of the Young Person.

 * Option "F" The Young Person Beyond the Old Person Looking at Poster
 * To start the movie, you can show the front side of the Young Person.

Now decide!

1. Select either A, B, C, or D, or E, or F

 * Reference Material
 * All the thumbnail storyboard frames.
 * The unformatted script.
 * The original story.
 * The [[Media:SBTDS Script Ciprian2.pdf|formatted script]].


text:
User:Class 14ba

Muhammad Shehzaib Malik G                        student of 10th class Muhammad Shehzaib Malik                Studies in Govt.T.I.high school Chawinda Pakistan

title: User:Class 14ba


text:
Alfonsi

Alfonsi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * François Alfonsi (born 1953), French politician
 * Lydia Alfonsi (1928–2022), Italian actress
 * Nicolas Alfonsi (1936–2020), French politician
 * Paul Alfonsi (1908–1989), American politician
 * Sharyn Alfonsi (born 1972), American journalist
 * Michael J. Alfonsi (born 1954), American Management & Strategy Consultant

title: Alfonsi


text:
Morné Engelbrecht

Morné Engelbrecht (born 13 August 1988) is a South African-born Namibian cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler. He has played for the Namibian Under-19s cricket team since January 2006, when he played in the Under-19s World Cup, generally as a substitute for Jason Bandlow.

Engelbrecht was part of the Namibian Under-19 team which won the Under-19 African Championship in 2007.

title: Morné Engelbrecht


text:
עריכה

Etymology
The gerund of the verb, which comes from the root using binyan pa'al.

Noun

 * 1) Editing, an edit.

title: עריכה