text:
Lothar Osterburg

Lothar Osterburg (born 1961) is a German-born, New York-based artist and master printer in intaglio, who works in sculpture, photography, printmaking and video. He is best known for photogravures featuring rough small-scale models of rustic structures, water and air vessels, and imaginary cities, staged in evocative settings and photographed to appear life-size to disorienting, mysterious or whimsical effect. New York Times critic Grace Glueck writes that Osterburg's rich-toned, retro prints "conjur[e] up monumental phenomena by minimal means"; Judy Pfaff describes his work as thick with film noir–like atmosphere, warmth, reverie, drama and timelessness.

Osterburg has received a Guggenheim Fellowship and awards from the American Academy of Arts and Letters and New York Foundation for the Arts,  and his work has been acquired by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Library of Congress and Art Institute of Chicago, among others. He has exhibited at the International Print Center New York, Peruvian North American Cultural Institute (ICPNA, Lima, Peru), Museum of Fine Arts Boston, and Center for Photography at Woodstock (CPW). As a master printer, Osterburg has worked with artists including Ida Applebroog, Lee Friedlander, Adam Fuss, David Lynch, McDermott and McGough, and Lorna Simpson. After working in Brooklyn for many years, he is now based near Red Hook, New York in the Hudson Valley and serves as Artist-in-Residence in printmaking at Bard College.

Early life and career
Osterburg was born in Braunschweig, West Germany, in 1961. In his youth, he trained as a musician, playing double bass and piano, but turned to art at Hochschule für bildende Künste Braunschweig, earning a degree in printmaking and experimental filmmaking. After participating in a university exchange program in San Francisco, he immigrated to the United States in 1987 and worked as a printer at the de Soto Workshop (San Francisco) and Graphicstudio (Tampa) and as master printer at Crown Point Press in San Francisco, where he learned the process of photogravure on a project for artist Christian Boltanski.

While in the Bay Area, Osterburg produced mixed-media landscape-and-architecture works that combined black-and-white photographs, gestural abstract drawing, scraps of burnt newspapers and small, linear wire sculptures; critics such as Kenneth Baker described their suggestions of devastation, war and decay as theatrical and bleak, yet bristling with energy, like the work of Anselm Kiefer. Osterburg exhibited at Southern Exposure and the Show n' Tell and Hatley Martin galleries, as well as shows in Germany, Japan, Indonesia and the Philippines.

In 1993, Osterburg started his own print studio specializing in photogravure, which he moved to New York City in 1994 (and Brooklyn in 2003). During an artist residency at MacDowell Colony in 1996, he met his wife and future collaborator, composer Elizabeth Brown. Since moving to New York, Osterburg has exhibited at Takara Gallery (Houston, 1996–8), Moeller Fine Art (New York and Berlin, 2003–11), Highpoint Center for Printmaking (2006), Fitchburg Art Museum (2007), Lesley Heller Gallery (2009–18), and Rockland Center for the Arts, CPW and ICPNA (all 2010), among others. He has been a member of the Studio Art faculty of Bard College since 1998, and taught printmaking at Cooper Union (2002–14), Pratt Institute, Columbia University and Lacoste School of the Arts in France. He has conducted photogravure workshops at art programs and institutions throughout the United States.

Work and reception
Osterburg's work combines the authority of photography with fanciful, rough models and real outdoor settings to create images suspended between real, imaginary and lost that obscure scale and period. He is a leading teacher and practitioner of photogravure, a 19th-century intaglio process combining printmaking and early photography techniques that was developed by Henry Fox Talbot and Karel Klíč and has remained largely unchanged and little-used. Photogravure's rich, velvety blacks, continuous infinite tonality, and sensitivity to textural effects—scratches, dust and traces resulting from Osterburg's choice to sometimes print with the backs of used copperplates—impart qualities of timelessness, poignancy, mystery and the hand-made to images. Osterburg mines persistent images in his (and collective) memory, which he recreates in quick, intuitively built models devoid of people, stripped of superfluous detail, and made with humble, found materials: toothpicks, twigs, vegetables, glass doorknobs, broken umbrellas, books, refuse. He places the unpeopled models in carefully selected, sometimes far-flung settings (beaches, lakes or rivers, cities), then photographs them through a magnifying glass or macro lens so they appear life-size from a human vantage point, drawing viewers in as lone spectators. His subject matter has centered on moments of transit through time, space and imagination: sea, air and space vessels, books and art history, decaying and evolving urban scenes.

Photogravures
In the mid-1990s, Osterburg moved into sculpture and photography via the wire models he had built for his paintings. Over the next decade, he began fleshing out incomplete but skillfully constructed miniatures out of found materials, which he staged, photographed, and printed as black-and-white photogravures. His earlier photogravures combine drama, whimsy and the mythic, depicting sea vessels in various states (Fram, 1997; Cargo Ship in Storm, 2002; Safe Harbor and Wreck of the Somerset, 2004), rickety, rustic structures (Thorn Boat Marina, 1998; Vietnamese Waterwheel, 2001), and interiors carved from bits of soap (Soap Library, 2001).

Reviews describe these images as beyond documentary or appropriated photography, baffling in their mix of mute, rough-hewn forms, deceptive composing and real settings, whose effects of mist, morning dew, fog, even wind, are captured by photogravure's infinite tonality. Works such as Tidepool Lighthouse (2000) or Floating Village in Halong Bay (2005) offer seemingly historic, rugged New England and Southeast Asian coastal scenes, only to be revealed as models resting on tidal algae or shallow pools. Others portray vaguely convincing maritime dramas, as in Shackleton (2000) or Flat Earth (2006), which depicts a boat heading into a waterfall at the end of the world. After turning to new imagery for a decade, Osterburg returned to the sea in the show "Waterline" (2018), referencing rising seas, historic floods and geologic change through photogravures of imperiled boats and an installation of boat models, hung hip-high along an imaginary waterline.

In the early 2000s, Osterburg also explored images of flight (Zeppelin over Timbuktu, 2003; Channel Crossing with Hot Air Balloon, 2005). Art Newspaper critic Sarah Douglas noted such works for the "humble strangeness" of their construction and dust-marked, scratched surfaces, which she compared to silent film stills or the "delightfully eerie" films of the Brothers Quay. Osterburg's flight interests culminated in images of ancient-yet-futuristic vessels and spacecraft hovering over shadowy shanty and shack cities in his show, "Strangely Familiar" (2006, Highpoint Center), and his series of planets populated by gigantically scaled boats, bridges and condominiums (e.g., Babylon, 2008), which were inspired by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's The Little Prince.

New media collaborations
Osterburg expanded into new media through collaborations with his wife, composer Elizabeth Brown, beginning in 2003. The video Watermusic (2004) joins Osterburg's imagery (including photogravures) of an ice-bound ship with music by Brown featuring the Theremin. Osterburg created video projections for Brown's chamber opera, Rural Electrification (2006)—which explores the effects of the advent of electricity on a young rural woman—and for her guitar-and-Theremin work, Atlantis (2008). They developed the multimedia chamber opera A Bookmobile for Dreamers (Lincoln Center, 2013) during a Bogliasco Foundation residency; the dreamlike meditation on books, reading, libraries, culture and imagination combines live Theremin, recorded soundscape and Osterburg's imagery of a bookmobile making its rounds and offering entry into various worlds through books. Brown also wrote music for videos in Osterburg's later projects Piranesi and Babel, which were presented in conjunction with live performances.

Later projects
Osterburg's later projects have increasingly explored imaginary architecture and cities inspired by speculation and memories of art, fiction, travel and reminiscences. This work freely mixes eras and styles to create fantastical, timeless forms and parallel "what-if" histories. Piranesi (2008–10, comprising a model, prints and stop-action video) was inspired by 18th-century printmaker Giovanni Battista Piranesi's Carceri etchings of imaginary subterranean prisons; its theatrical scene features a vaulted ceiling, stone-like towers, elaborate winding stairs and drawbridges, and crude machinery. Reviews compare the work to the mise en scène of early silent films, such as F. W. Murnau's Nosferatu, which conveyed passages of gothic narrative in their detail and expressiveness.

Osterburg repurposed parts of Piranesi in his "Alternative Brooklyn" photogravures—imaginative amalgams of classical forms, New York City anachronisms and modern elements, such as Vaulted Trailer Park and Downtown Transfer (both 2010), which depict mobile homes and elevated trains emerging out of dungeons, or Squatters (2010), which positions all three elements in a Manhattan-like cityscape. Boston Globe critic Mark Feeney characterized the incongruous images as "marvels of deadpan hilarity"; others write that they grapple with the vulnerability of cities to change, simultaneously suggesting alternate histories and future archaeological excavations of contemporary civilization.

Osterburg extended these themes with "Yesterday's Cities of Tomorrow," seeking to capture the mythical, longed for, and sometimes fantastical New York City imagined by Ellis Island immigrants or encountered in old books and movies. The series mixes history (old locomotives, zeppelins, mid-century cars, expressway on-ramps), fantasy, and familiar landmarks (the Brooklyn Bridge and Flatiron Building, elevated trains) in photogravures such as Twilight, 1984 (2011) and Night (2012); Zeppelins docking at Grand Central (2013), described in The New Criterion as a remarkable "steampunk" image, was featured with its playful model in the MTA Arts show "On Time/Grand Central at 100."

Two series celebrating the printed word and cultural diversity grew out of A Bookmobile for Dreamers. "Library Dreams" consists of photogravures of child-like wonder—bookmobiles, a locomotive bursting into a library (referencing Magritte's Time Transfixed), or Literary City (2013), a book city floated on the East River and shot in scale against the Manhattan skyline. "Babel" includes photogravures, a stop-motion video, and the giant (28 feet in a 2017 installation) model Tower of Babel; influenced by Bruegel's The Tower of Babel works, the spiraling sculpture built entirely from old books (in 25 languages, found in Brooklyn) dwarfs a model modern metropolis and is surrounded by floating dirigibles and satellites.

Awards and public collections
Osterburg has been recognized with fellowships from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation (2010) and New York Foundation for the Arts (2009, 2003) and awards from the International Fine Print Dealer's Association (2018), American Academy of Arts and Letters (2010), and AEV Foundation (2009), among others. He has received artist residencies from Cill Rialaig (Ireland), Navigation Press, the Bogliasco Foundation (Italy), Hui No'eau Arts Center, MacDowell Colony and the Virginia Center for the Creative Arts.

His work belongs to the public collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Library of Congress, New York Public Library, The Art Institute of Chicago, The British Museum, the China Printmaking Museum, Chazen Museum of Art, the Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum (Germany), Museum of Contemporary Photography, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and Spencer Museum of Art, among others.

title: Lothar Osterburg


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Norman Dagley

Norman Dagley (1930 – 15 January 1999) was an English world champion player of English billiards. He won both the world amateur and world professional titles twice.

Early career and English Amateur Championship titles
Dagley learned to play billiards from two brothers who were good amateur players, Reg and Jack Wright, in his home village of Earl Shilton. He served in the Korean War whilst on National Service, and once spent a night in a group on a dinghy after the American transport plane that they were on had to ditch. He said that this experience of not knowing what the dawn would bring gave him a perspective on the game: "After that, you don't get worked up over a game of billiards."

He was runner-up in the English Amateur Billiards championship in 1963, and from 1964 won the title fifteen times in twenty-one attempts, never again losing in the final. He set many records, including a world and English championship record break of 862 and session average of 116.6 in 1978. In the 1984 final, his average was 147.7. He also enjoyed success in the CIU championships, another major tournament in England, winning the title 11 times between 1964 and 1981.

IBSF World Amateur Championship
Dagley won the IBSF World Billiards Championship in 1971, defeating Mannie Francisco in the final, and again in 1975, with Michael Ferreira as runner-up. He received a cigarette box from the Mayor of Hinckley to commemorate the second of his world championship wins. He was also runner-up in 1979 to Paul Mifsud and in 1981 to Michael Ferreira.

He did not turn professional until the age of 54, and even as a professional, retained his job as the manager of a snooker club in the town of Nuneaton.

Professional career
In his first attempt at the World Professional Championship, when the matches were played as the best of five games of 400-up, he proceeded to the 1985 final without losing a game, with 3–0 wins over Jack Fitzmaurice, Jack Karnehm and Robby Foldvari. Dagley finished as runner up to Ray Edmonds 3–1, with most games being close. The game scores (Edmonds first) were 400–395, 307–400, 400–315 and 400–386.

The following year, 1986, he beat both Bernard Bennett and Eddie Charlton 3–0, before dropping his first game of the championship in a 3–1 defeat of the previous year's winner Ray Edmonds. In the final, he won the first game against Robby Foldvari but then lost the next three and the match.

In 1987, he defeated Robert Close 3–0, Ian Williamson 3–1, and Mark Wildman 3–0 to set up a rematch of the previous years final against Foldvari. This time it was Dagley who lost the first game before going in to win the next three, and the title. Winning the 1987 professional championship meant that Dagley had completed a unique set of titles over his career – English Amateur Champion, World Amateur champion, UK Professional Champion, and World Professional Champion. He won £9,500, then the largest prize ever seen in billiards, for the world championship, and with his other successes that season, including the UK and European titles, pocketed almost £20,000 of the nearly £50,000 total prize money on the circuit that season.

Dagley retained the title in 1988. With wins over Mike Russell 4–0, H. Griffiths 4–1 and Ian Williamson 4–1. He then defeated Australian veteran Eddie Charlton 7–4 in the final.

Aged 61 in 1991, he won the British Open trophy at the Barbican Centre. It was held there as part of the celebrations to mark the bicentenary of the death of the composer Mozart, who was a keen player of billiards.

He was married, to Nita. Dagley died in 1998 after suffering severe influenza. He is commemorated with a blue plaque in Earl Shilton, and there is also a street called Norman Dagley Close in the town.

Career highlights

 * English Amateur billiards champion 1965, 1966, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1982, 1984
 * CIU Champion 1964, 1966, 1970, 1972, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981
 * 1971 IBSF World Billiards Champion
 * 1975 IBSF World Billiards Champion
 * 1979 IBSF World Billiards Championship runner-up
 * 1981 IBSF World Billiards Championship runner-up
 * 1985 World Professional Billiards Championship runner-up
 * 1986 World Professional Billiards Championship runner-up
 * 1987 World Matchplay Champion
 * 1987 European Billiards Champion
 * 1987 UK Billiards Champion
 * 1987 World Professional Billiards Champion
 * 1988 World Professional Billiards Champion
 * 1991 British Open Billiards Champion

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Norman Dagley


text:
Talk:Dina Meyer

Untitled
Added Burn Notice (2008) to Filmography - correct me if that information is wrong. I *think* she is set to appear in the next episode "Sins of Omission". <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:08, 21 February 2009 (UTC) I always thought she should be casted as Mara JAde, should Timothy Zahn's Stars Wars sequels should ever be filmed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:56, 14 August 2011 (UTC)

"best known for"
I have re-removed this. It is mentioned nowhere in the article text that that is her best-known role, and it is a potentially dated or POV statement that requires a reference. Yngvadottir (talk) 20:56, 7 November 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141129085324/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/232751/Dina-Meyer/filmography to http://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/232751/Dina-Meyer/filmography

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title: Talk:Dina Meyer


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Norouz

The result of the debate was keep. Mailer Diablo 02:11, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Norouz
Some Iranian users are removing the Kurdish Newroz article and by trying to merge it to Iranian article of Norouz. I wanr every body clarify for them that evey people have their own traditions and must be respected. If this article should stay then the Kurdish Newroz also should saty. D iyako Talk + 10:21, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Speedy keep, the article is a current event, its complete and well cited, infact its celebrated today, there is no reason to delete it. --Kash 22:59, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Speedy keep, obvious WP:POINT nomination. No opinion on the question of merger with Norouz. Bijí Newroz to everyone nevertheless, or whatever you guys prefer to call it now. Lukas (T. 23:05, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep. It is well cited. --Sina Kardar23:06, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep. This deletion proposal is not very fruitful for reaching a compromise on the Newros articles. There are no substantial arguments for deletion. Bertilvidet 23:08, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep.--Joe Dynue23:12, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep. as per above. --Fooladin23:26, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep. as stated above, it is a WP:POINT nominiation. -- Jeff3000 23:46, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * comment. I'm not sure what's going on here.  It seems the nominator is not nominating deletion but somehow expects that we reject deletion in anticipation of someone else's nomination.  I suggest that we not vote on deletion until someone actually proposes it.  Bucketsofg 18:33, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep and close AfD as violation of WP:POINT... No reasoning for deletion of Norouz given. Dispute over Newroz merge discussion is ongoing and is not a reason for AfD.  Suggest Diyako take it to RfC if this dispute can't be resolved. (I also fixed the nom "=")--Isotope23 20:22, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep - don't disrupt Wikipedia to prove a point. --Khoikhoi 04:15, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Norouz


text:
Wikipedia:GLAM/GibraltarpediA/Discussion

Please add items for discussion below:

The Gibraltarpedia template mentions ratings on a quality scale and on an importance scale, and provides links to GLAM/GibraltarpediA/Assessment, however that page provides no details. How are articles given ratings when no scales are provided? TheOverflow (talk) 01:11, 18 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Good point. I've just been using my own judgement on the ones I've assessed so far but I notice that WikiProject Gibraltar links here and here which I don't think is overly relevant. How do other WikiProjects do it? --Gibmetal 77 talk 2 me 11:12, 18 June 2013 (UTC)


text:
Talk:2020 US Open (tennis)

Wheelchair Tennis
Although they initially said there would be no wheelchair tennis at the 2020 US Open, I thought that the organisers done a U turn. Could someone please clarify this? (Fran Bosh (talk) 21:48, 23 August 2020 (UTC))
 * After some research, it looks like wheelchair tennis will be happening according to the article I found today. Check out this article which alludes that it will occur after September 9, 2020, https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2020-09-03/2020-09-03_photos_mens_action_day_4.html Jurisdicta (talk) 04:14, 6 September 2020 (UTC)

Incorrect ranking points for men and women
I edited the misinformation before, but it was added again. First off, changes in points should NOT be added until the tournament is finished for the given player. Second, points are being counted as the best of two years for this year, so simple arithmetic will not suffice in computing the rating afterwards. Please refrain from adding incorrect information Rmehtany (talk) 21:48, 7 September 2020 (UTC)

Inclusion of supporting tables
Hello User:PCN02WPS, please refrain from continuing to make these edits and deletions of rankings tables and various entries, which go against the standard structuring of Grand Slam Wiki pages, without providing a discussion in which a consensus actually agreed to said changes. Savvy10 (talk) 21:35, 16 September 2020 (UTC)
 * the consensus was reached at In the news/Candidates. I think we'd both agree that a well-structured, well-ordered article with sourced prose would be preferable to an amalgamation of tables that say the same thing over and over again. The article is currently featured on the main page so I'd appreciate if you'd leave it in its improved state. I'm pinging some of the participants of that discussion here to weigh in if they desire, and, though I do not wish to start an WP:EDITWAR, I'm going to restore it to its previous state due to its current listing at Template:ITN. PCN02WPS  ( talk  |  contribs ) 04:05, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I agree. The old format was too cluttered and disorganized if I just wanted an overview of what happened in women's singles. It also went against Summary style, when we already have separate pages for various subtopics but we duplicated it in this main page esp. with bloated tables.—Bagumba (talk) 04:38, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Another indication of the previous discorganization is this re-addition of a hatnote at the top of the page to the men's and women's pages. This goes against the guideline WP:RELATED: They are not intended to link to topics that are simply related to each other, or to a specific aspect of a general topic 's edit description said: We have many complaints that the main reason readers come to these pages is to find the womens and mens singles draws, and scrolling around to find it was a chore. It was decided at tennis project to put it prominently right at the top It seems that the hatnotes are a band-aid for the subpar page organization where a reader could not even figure out from the TOC where to go i.e. there were too many "Men's Singles" sections that said nothing about the actual matches.—Bagumba (talk) 04:38, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
 * That "standard structuring" might not be an indication of quality. There is only 1 FA event (1877 Wimbledon Championship) and 1 GA (2009 Sony Ericsson Open, though not a Grand Slam), neither of which follow that format.—Bagumba (talk) 05:11, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I don't mind at all the structure changes. It is much easier to find things. Removed items (seeds and withdrawals, wild cards) might be in a poor place on the draw article. I'm not sure anything is more important than the actual draw so it should be first and foremost... maybe after the seeding. If every article was like this we probably wouldn't need singles info on the very top. However if this is the only article that gets changed to this style, and all the others have the further info at the top, then this should also have that item. Readers like to see the same style of navigation. It'll take years to do them all but if we can change the 2019 and 2020 articles to this style, all would be good. Tennis Project does not have these article etched in stone as to layout. We we did get was plenty of readers asking us to have both the mens and womens singles draw linked near the top prominently, and I believe the vast majority of readers want just that. They don't want to scroll and search. I did re-add the tables for points and prize money because i think they are vital and easier to read than just the prose version. Fyunck(click) (talk) 05:47, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
 * We we did get was plenty of readers asking us to have both the mens and womens singles draw linked near the top prominently ...: I get that it was important, because I couldn't navigate and find it before PCN02WPS's changes to the 2020 article. However, that's not the community norm per the WP:RELATED guideline. And I get regulars resistant to change, but it seems like an easy alternative is to pay attention to the word completion options in the search box, and bypassing the general US Open article and going to the respective men's and women's pages directly.  For example, a GA like the 2008 Summer Olympics doesn't have hatnotes to all the event specific articles. Tennis does not seem to be a unique case that requires it going forward.—Bagumba (talk) 06:34, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
 * What I'm saying is that I think this new format takes care of the issues of finding those two singles draws. I have no problem with the removal of the hatnote EXCEPT that if the other 2020 (and probably at least 2019) majors aren't done in this same format then we'd have an oddball with this article. If they don't also change then I would keep the info at the top for continuity, even in this article. That's my only beef and I always side with our thousands of readers if guidelines happen to get in the way. Fyunck(click) (talk) 08:13, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I understand. However, I think it's better to be inconsistently good than consistently bad. There is no deadline. The hope is that good examples get replicated.—Bagumba (talk) 08:45, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
 * To be fair, an arbitrary selection of particular pages that have been deemed "good quality" is not the most accurate indicator of the usefulness or completeness of this article as it was. Having the prose at the top is fine, but the same data should at least remain so it can be referenced in comparison to other Grand Slam pages. If the list of women's withdrawals needs to be collapsed and expanded to take up less space for this particular edition, which was by all accounts unusual, then that's fine. But it seems in bad faith that many of the editors who have decided to remove this data do not typically edit tennis pages, only to begin sweeping changes just three days ago. Savvy10 (talk) 06:32, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Agreed. The FA/GA comparison was only to question whether the "standard structuring" was based on quality standards or rote repetition of an arbitrary format. Above, wrote that "Tennis Project does not have these article etched in stone as to layout". Collapsing tables should generally not be done. When it is, it's often an indication that the information isn't that important to begin with. A bold edit should not be assumed to be in bad faith, and there is no ownership of articles here. Regards.—Bagumba (talk) 08:45, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I have tried one final time to re-insert the tables in such a way that the prose remains at the top and the readers' wishes to find information about the singles draws are still fulfilled. If the consensus still insists on the destructive deletion of useful and relevant information without adequate or proper replacement elsewhere, so be it. Savvy10 (talk) 06:50, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I have a question then. The charts you re-inserted... they were moved to the mens singles page when did the update. You need to explain why it's better to include mens seeds and mens withdrawals and mens protected rankings here rather than on the mens singles article. Isn't it a better fit there? To keep all the specific mens stuff on the mens singles article? It does look like he did not do the same transfer for doubles though, and that would be a problem. Fyunck(click) (talk) 08:34, 17 September 2020 (UTC)

I did the same formatting to the current 2020 French Open article. I hope I got it the same. Fyunck(click) (talk) 06:58, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the ping, and just to say that I fully support the changes PCN02WPS made to this article, which allowed us to support its inclusion on the main page. The previous version did not conform to the standards required by Wikipedia's WP:Manual of style, and the vast number of tables with very little accompanying prose were a violation of WP:NOTREPOSITORY. Every year, these grand slam articles get nominated for ITN featuring and they're always opposed on the grounds of quality, without anyone stepping up to actually resolve the issues. So massive kudos to PCN02WPS for doing that. And we should not take the many previous years-worth of poor quality articles as a guide for how this one should be. Actually it should be the reverse. Thanks  — Amakuru (talk) 08:51, 17 September 2020 (UTC)

List of players missing
Where is the player statistics in Grand Slam pages that no longer appears in XXXX YYYY Open/Championships in every annual competition? What is the problem now?

As the edits that would be going to accept into the singles pages with nothing to treat with the new idea.

The problem is the names of players are no longer listed, and so if does appear in XXXX YYYY Men/Women's Singles/Doubles or Mixed Doubles tournament, and here is the shown text and example from Men's Singles article:

• ''
 * Players
 * Seeds

• 🇦🇹 Dominic Thiem (Champion)

• 🇷🇺 Daniil Medvedev (Semifinals)

• Stefanos Tsitsipas (Third round)

• 🇩🇪 Alexander Zverev (Final)

• 🇮🇹 Matteo Berrettini (Fourth round)

• 🇧🇪 David Goffin (Fourth round)

• 🇪🇸 Roberto Bautista Agut (Third round)

• 🇦🇷 Diego Schwartzman (First round)

• 🇷🇺 Andrey Rublev (Quarterfinals)

• 🇷🇺 Karen Khachanov (Third round)

• 🇨🇦 Denis Shapovalov (Quarterfinals)

• Cristian Garín (Second round)

• 🇧🇬 Grigor Dimitrov (Second round)

• 🇨🇦 Félix Auger-Aliassime (Fourth round)

• 🇺🇸 John Isner (First round)

• 🇫🇷 Benoît Paire (Withdrew due to positive COVID-19 test)

• 🇷🇸 Dušan Lajović (First round)

• 🇺🇸 Taylor Fritz (Third round)

• 🇪🇸 Pablo Carreño Busta (Semifinals)

• 🇦🇺 Alex de Minaur (Quarterfinals)

• Nikoloz Basilashvili (First round)

• 🇬🇧 Dan Evans (Second round)

• 🇵🇱 Hubert Hurkacz (Second round)

• 🇨🇦 Milos Raonic (Second round)

• 🇷🇸 Filip Krajinović (Third round)

• Borna Ćorić (Quarterfinals)

• 🇩🇪 Jan-Lennard Struff (Third round)

• 🇦🇷 Guido Pella (First round)

• 🇳🇴 Casper Ruud (Third round)

• Marin Čilić (Third round)

• 🇫🇷 Adrian Mannarino (Third round)

• 🇺🇸 Ulises Blanch
 * Wild cards

• 🇺🇸 Maxime Cressy

• 🇺🇸 Sebastian Korda

• 🇺🇸 Mitchell Krueger

• 🇺🇸 Thai-Son Kwiatkowski

• 🇺🇸 Michael Mmoh

• 🇺🇸 Brandon Nakashima

• 🇺🇸 J. J. Wolf

 * Protected ranking
 * 🇷🇺 Andrey Kuznetsov
 * 🇺🇸 Mackenzie McDonald
 * 🇺🇸 Jack Sock

 * Alternates
 * 🇺🇸 Ernesto Escobedo
 * 🇪🇸 Marcel Granollers (Withdrew due to focus on doubles)

• Roger Federer → replaced by 🇺🇸 Jack Sock
 * Withdrawals

• 🇮🇹 Fabio Fognini → replaced by 🇮🇹 Paolo Lorenzi

• 🇫🇷 Pierre-Hugues Herbert → replaced by 🇺🇸 Bradley Klahn

•  Nicolás Jarry → replaced by 🇮🇳 Sumit Nagal

• 🇦🇺 Nick Kyrgios → replaced by  Kevin Anderson

•  Lu Yen-hsun → replaced by 🇮🇹 Federico Gaio

• 🇫🇷 Gaël Monfils → replaced by  Jason Jung

• 🇪🇸 Rafael Nadal → replaced by 🇦🇺 Marc Polmans

• 🇯🇵 Kei Nishikori → replaced by 🇷🇺 Andrey Kuznetsov

• 🇫🇷 Benoît Paire → replaced by 🇺🇸 Ernesto Escobedo

• 🇦🇺 Alexei Popyrin → replaced by 🇬🇧 Andy Murray

• 🇫🇷 Lucas Pouille → replaced by 🇩🇪 Peter Gojowczyk

• 🇫🇷 Jo-Wilfried Tsonga → replaced by  Ivo Karlović

• 🇪🇸 Fernando Verdasco → replaced by 🇪🇬 Mohamed Safwat

•  Stan Wawrinka → replaced by 🇸🇰 Jozef Kovalík
 * Notes

 * References

Hence, here is the example from the Women's Singles article:

• 🇨🇿 Karolína Plíšková (Second round)
 * Players
 * Seeds

• 🇺🇸 Sofia Kenin (Fourth round)

• 🇺🇸 Serena Williams (Semifinals)

• 🇯🇵 Naomi Osaka (Champion)

• 🇧🇾 Aryna Sabalenka (Second round)

• 🇨🇿 Petra Kvitová (Fourth round)

• 🇺🇸 Madison Keys (Third round, retired)

• Petra Martić (Fourth round)

• 🇬🇧 Johanna Konta (Second round)

• 🇪🇸 Garbiñe Muguruza (Second round)

• 🇰🇿 Elena Rybakina (Second round)

• 🇨🇿 Markéta Vondroušová (Second round)

• 🇺🇸 Alison Riske (Second round)

• 🇪🇪 Anett Kontaveit (Fourth round)

•  Maria Sakkari (Fourth round)

• 🇧🇪 Elise Mertens (Quarterfinals)

• 🇩🇪 Angelique Kerber (Fourth round)

•  Donna Vekić (Third round)

• 🇺🇦 Dayana Yastremska (Second round)

• 🇨🇿 Karolína Muchová (Fourth round)

• 🇷🇺 Ekaterina Alexandrova (Second round)

• 🇺🇸 Amanda Anisimova (Third round)

• 🇰🇿 Yulia Putintseva (Quarterfinals)

• 🇵🇱 Magda Linette (Third round)

• 🇨🇳 Zhang Shuai (First round)

• 🇺🇸 Sloane Stephens (Third round)

• 🇹🇳 Ons Jabeur (Third round)

• 🇺🇸 Jennifer Brady (Semifinals)

• 🇷🇺 Veronika Kudermetova (First round)

• 🇫🇷 Kristina Mladenovic (Second round)

•  Anastasija Sevastova (Second round)

• 🇸🇪 Rebecca Peterson (First round)

• 🇺🇸 Hailey Baptiste
 * Wild cards

• 🇺🇸 Catherine Bellis

• 🇧🇪 Kim Clijsters

• 🇺🇸 Claire Liu

• 🇺🇸 Allie Kiick

• 🇺🇸 Robin Montgomery

• 🇺🇸 Katrina Scott

• 🇺🇸 Sachia Vickery

• 🇺🇦 Kateryna Bondarenko
 * Protected ranking

• 🇷🇺 Irina Khromacheva

• 🇧🇾 Vera Lapko

• 🇧🇬 Tsvetana Pironkova

• 🇷🇺 Vera Zvonareva

 * Alternates
 * 🇺🇸 Asia Muhammad
 * 🇦🇺 Arina Rodionova

• 🇨🇦 Bianca Andreescu → replaced by 🇧🇾 Olga Govortsova
 * Withdrawals

• 🇦🇺 Ashleigh Barty → replaced by 🇧🇾 Aliaksandra Sasnovich

• Belinda Bencic → replaced by 🇦🇹 Barbara Haas

•  Kiki Bertens → replaced by 🇺🇸 Francesca Di Lorenzo

• 🇷🇴 Ana Bogdan → replaced by 🇵🇱 Katarzyna Kawa

• 🇷🇺 Vitalia Diatchenko → replaced by 🇺🇸 Asia Muhammad

• 🇫🇷 Fiona Ferro → replaced by 🇺🇸 Caroline Dolehide

• 🇩🇪 Julia Görges → replaced by 🇧🇪 Ysaline Bonaventure

• 🇷🇴 Simona Halep → replaced by 🇷🇺 Irina Khromacheva

•  Polona Hercog → replaced by 🇧🇪 Yanina Wickmayer

•  Hsieh Su-wei → replaced by 🇺🇸 Usue Maitane Arconada

• 🇨🇿 Barbora Krejčíková → replaced by 🇧🇬 Viktoriya Tomova

• 🇷🇺 Svetlana Kuznetsova → replaced by 🇨🇿 Tereza Martincová

•  Jeļena Ostapenko → replaced by 🇺🇸 Whitney Osuigwe

• 🇷🇺 Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova → replaced by 🇧🇾 Vera Lapko

• 🇨🇳 Peng Shuai → replaced by 🇦🇺 Lizette Cabrera

• 🇩🇪 Andrea Petkovic → replaced by 🇺🇦 Marta Kostyuk

• 🇷🇺 Anastasia Potapova → replaced by 🇺🇸 Caty McNally

• 🇦🇺 Samantha Stosur → replaced by 🇦🇺 Astra Sharma

• 🇨🇿 Barbora Strýcová → replaced by 🇺🇸 Ann Li

• 🇪🇸 Carla Suárez Navarro → replaced by 🇯🇵 Kurumi Nara

• 🇺🇦 Elina Svitolina → replaced by 🇷🇺 Natalia Vikhlyantseva

• 🇨🇳 Wang Qiang → replaced by 🇷🇴 Mihaela Buzărnescu

• 🇨🇳 Wang Xiyu → replaced by 🇦🇺 Arina Rodionova

• 🇨🇳 Wang Yafan → replaced by 🇧🇬 Tsvetana Pironkova

• 🇨🇳 Zheng Saisai → replaced by  Kaja Juvan

• 🇨🇳 Zhu Lin → replaced by  Viktorija Golubic

•  Tamara Zidanšek → replaced by 🇺🇦 Anhelina Kalinina
 * Notes

 * References

Is there in need of explanation to add seeds, wild cards, qualifiers, alternates, withdrawals and lucky losers in every singles/doubles article. Any reason? ApprenticeFan  work  14:16, 18 September 2020 (UTC)
 * From what I can see, the seeds are all listed on the individual singles articles. Look at the 2020 US Open – Men's Singles... the seeds are there. Below the draw (as it should be) the other items are there... wild cards, qualifiers, alternates, withdrawals and lucky losers. That's the article they should be in and that's the location they should be in. I really didn't participate in the discussion except for the hatnote on the top of the article (which is no longer needed with this clearer format). Fyunck(click) (talk) 08:19, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Opinion: I think only seeds and qualifiers/lucky losers are necessary since they give out important info. –  333-blue  at 12:13, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Pre-FAC feedback
Looks promising. I can keep an eye on the FAC page. Queries below: Cas Liber (talk · contribs) 01:52, 3 May 2021 (UTC)

 *  As a result, withdrawals and opt-outs became a theme of the competition.  - why not just, "many players withdrew"? - how is opting out different to withdrawing?
 * As far as I understand, an opt-out occurs before the beginning of the event (or before one's involvement in the event has begun) and a withdrawal occurs after the event has already begun. For example, Federer and Nadal opted out, since they stated before the tournament that they would not participate, while women's doubles No. 1 Babos/Mladenovic withdrew, since they were forced to leave the tournament after their first round match. PCN02WPS  ( talk  |  contribs ) 03:05, 3 May 2021 (UTC)

 * The tournament consisted of the men's and women's singles and doubles draws, [as well as] men's and women's wheelchair singles and doubles draws and a wheelchair quad singles and doubles draw. - bracketed bit redundant
 * Removed. PCN02WPS  ( talk  |  contribs ) 03:05, 3 May 2021 (UTC)

 * Due to a decision made by the New York state government, draws for qualifying matches, mixed doubles, and junior matches were not held. - why not "The New York state government dispensed with draws for qualifying matches, mixed doubles, and junior matches."?
 * As far as I can tell, those draws were cancelled by the tournament itself due to protocol set in place by the NY government, not directly cancelled by the state of New York; I have updated the wording to reflect that. PCN02WPS  ( talk  |  contribs ) 03:05, 3 May 2021 (UTC)

Looks in good shape otherwise and would appear to be within striking distance of FA status Cas Liber (talk · contribs) 01:58, 3 May 2021 (UTC)
 * , thank you for the feedback! Let me know if anything else needs fixing, and if not, I'll set up the FAC nomination tomorrow. PCN02WPS  ( talk  |  contribs ) 03:05, 3 May 2021 (UTC)
 * In the immortal words of Nike, "just do it!" (chuckle) Cas Liber (talk · contribs) 04:36, 3 May 2021 (UTC)

There are some big issues here as far as consensus and structure. Look at 2020 Australian Open and 2020 French Open and 2021 Australian Open. These were the agreed upon structure as far as what's included and placement. The seed tables are to be placed in the individual discipline articles. And nothing is more important than the prose sections followed immediately by who won the events section. You can't believe how many reader complaints we had about the "Events" section being pushed down the page so they had to scroll to find them. The new paragraph that was added had duplication from the Tournament section and should be included in that section or the Covid section if there were changes to normal structure. Fyunck(click) (talk) 22:30, 12 May 2021 (UTC)

An image was inadvertently removed but has been re-added. The "Players" section has been re-added but trimmed for duplicate info in prose, and covid-related material has been placed in the covid section. The "Singles players" section is per consensus, and seed chart removal is per consensus. Fyunck(click) (talk) 06:09, 13 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:2020 US Open (tennis)


text:
PTZ

PTZ may refer to:

 * Phenothiazine, a chemical insecticide
 * Petrozavodsk, a city in northwest Russia
 * Pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol), a circulatory and respiratory stimulant
 * PTZ camera, capable of pan, tilt, and zoom movement
 * PTZ, IATA code for Rio Amazonas Airport in Pastaza Province, Ecuador
 * Pacific Time Zone, name of UTC-8 time zone in the US and Canada
 * PTZ, "pointz" collected by users of the defunct social commerce site Lockerz
 * PTZ, pressure (P), temperature (T), and compressibility (Z) of a gas in an equation of state

title: PTZ


text:
1960 Rajya Sabha elections

Rajya Sabha elections were held in 1960, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber.

Elections
Elections were held in 1960 to elect members from various states. The list is incomplete.

Members elected
The following members are elected in the elections held in 1960. They are members for the term 1960-66 and retire in year 1966, except in case of the resignation or death before the term.

State - Member - Party

By-elections
The following by-elections were held in the year 1960.

State - Member - Party

 * 1) Andhra -  D Ramanuja Rao - INC - ( ele  16/06/1960 term till 1962 )
 * 2) Gujarat - K S Chavda - INC  ( ele  01/08/1960 term till 1966 )
 * 3) Gujarat - I T Lohani - INC  ( ele  01/08/1960 term till 1964 )
 * 4) Gujarat - Maganbhai S Patel - INC  ( ele  01/08/1960 term till 1962 )
 * 5) Maharashtra - B S Savnekar - INC  ( ele  28/06/1960 term till 1966 )
 * 6) Madras - R Gopalkrishnan - INC  ( ele  12/03/1960 term till 1964 )
 * 7) Madras - K Santhanam - INC  ( ele  18/04/1960 term till 1962 )
 * 8) Madhya Pradesh - A D Mani - INC  ( ele  22/12/1960 term till 1966 )
 * 9) Uttar Pradesh - Arjun Arora - INC  ( ele  01/08/1960 term till 1966 )
 * 10) Uttar Pradesh - A C Gilbert - INC  ( ele  10/11/1960 term till 1966 )

title: 1960 Rajya Sabha elections


text:
Wikiversity talk:Notices for custodians

"Import:" pseudo-namespace redirects
Hi guys,

I'm creating redirect pages for pages imported from wikibooks. These pagenames are of the form "Import:WIKIBOOKSPAGENAME". What I'm doing on the wb side is locking pages that have already been moved, and leaving a link to these redirect pages. This seemed a better idea than linking to the current page name, which might end up being changed multiple times as things get organised here. (So long as there's a stable redirect from wikibooks, that pagemoving shouldn't cause any cross-project trouble as long as people responsibly check for double-redirects and such).

BTW: Please don't delete pages that were the original destination for the imports. I'm not a sysop here and can't view the histories of deleted pages, so if there is a redlink for the destination page, I ain't gonna lock. --SBJohnny 21:19, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

 * BTW2: "SBJohnny" is a sockpuppet of SB_Johnny. This puppet will be used almost exclusively for creating these pages, so you can check the contribs for progress updates, etc. --SBJohnny 21:25, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I have mostly been dealing with import from the meta-wiki. For those meta-wiki pages it is useful for me to be able to go back and see how they were linked together; page import leads to page name changes that break links. People at Wikiversity edit the copied pages. It is sometimes useful for me to be able go back and see the original pages in context at meta. I'm not sure that this is the case for Wikibooks pages, but why is there a rush to delete? For the next few months, some Wikiversity participants will be trying to find pages that they created at Wikibooks. If during the next few months there is a call for deleting the Wikiversity pages at Wikibooks, please let me know; I will argue that it can wait a few months. --JWSchmidt 13:28, 25 August 2006 (UTC)
 * See also: Help with the migration of Wikiversity pages from Wikibooks --JWSchmidt 15:54, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

Hi guys, sorry for the hiatus. I should be back regularly now. --WiseWoman 13:30, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

Update
Looks like a lot of this stuff is outdated. Would someone with more familiarity with this page than me take a look and figure out what can be removed and what should be kept? The Jade Knight (d'viser) 11:07, 25 November 2008 (UTC)
 * The recent changes channel doesn't work for me. Are we 100% sure it's right?  The Jade Knight (d'viser) 12:47, 28 November 2008 (UTC)
 * ircrc:en.wikiversty -- note this is not on Freenode. Works for me. – Mike.lifeguard | @en.wb 16:30, 28 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Oh, I see. Why are these things scattered about like that?  The Jade Knight (d'viser) 09:17, 29 November 2008 (UTC)
 * You can only broadcast the RC feed on an IRC server you run locally. So RC goes on irc.wikimedia.org, but our sysadmins don't want to manage a chat network. So, all other channels are on Freenode. – Mike.lifeguard | @en.wb 18:18, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity talk:Notices for custodians


text:
deiparous

Etymology
, calque from, a traditional title of the Virgin Mary.

Adjective

 * 1)  Giving birth to a god or goddess.

title: deiparous


text:
Bevan Lawrence

Bevan Ernest Lawrence, a retired Western Australian barrister and Liberal political campaigner, is the older brother of Carmen Lawrence, a former Labor premier of Western Australia. In the 1980s he was a convenor of two notable lobby groups that influenced the course of government at federal and state levels.

Education and profession
Lawrence attended Aquinas College and studied law at the University of Western Australia, graduating in 1966. He commenced practising in 1968, specialising in insurance law.

Political activism
In 1987, he was a spokesperson for People Against the Australia Card, a lobby group he founded with Professor Martyn Webb, which organised a public rally of over 40,000 people through the centre of Perth in September 1987 in a synchronised national protest that led to abandonment of the relevant legislation by the Hawke government. The issue had been a trigger for the 1987 double-dissolution election.

People for Fair and Open Government (PFOG) was established by Lawrence in 1989 shortly after the re-election of a Labor state government led by Peter Dowding earlier that year. Group members included Paddy O'Brien, who was a celebrated public figure of the group.

The group was formed after earlier Labor governments, led by Brian Burke, had made questionable deals with business groups, a situation commonly referred to as WA Inc. By early 1990 Carmen Lawrence had replaced Dowding as premier and the terms of reference for an inquiry into the dealings were delivered to her by PFOG in mid-1990; a Royal Commission of Inquiry was announced in November the same year.

The public stances by the brother and sister over issues created a trail of news stories about them.

In 1991 Lawrence published what he regarded as a conservative itemisation of the government's actual losses. The total he estimated as A$877 million.

Lawrence also wrote reviews of books about corruption and government at the time, in other Australian states such as Queensland.

Lawrence was regularly mentioned in federal politicians' comments about the Royal Commission, as well as political overviews of the era.

As a long term resident of Nedlands he has been instrumental in supporting sport in his area as well as being a councillor of the City of Nedlands. He also kept up public arguments with the status quo well into the late stages of his career.

title: Bevan Lawrence


text:
WRAY-TV

WRAY-TV (channel 30) is a religious television station licensed to Wake Forest, North Carolina, United States, serving the Research Triangle region as an owned-and-operated station of Tri-State Christian Television (TCT). The station's transmitter is located on Terrells Mountain near Chapel Hill. WRAY-TV maintained studios on Expressway Drive in Wilson until TCT ended local operations in June 2018.

History
The station was given the call letters WEOU on February 18, 1992. However, the station was granted a license on April 14, 1995. It signed on August 7 as WRAY-TV, originally licensed to Wilson, North Carolina, and was initially a semi-satellite of WFAY (channel 62; now WFPX-TV), at that time Fayetteville's Fox affiliate; however, the station operated as an independent station, as its signal overlapped with WLFL, at that time Raleigh's Fox affiliate. WRAY's programming changed more towards home shopping upon its sale to Ramcast Corporation in 1997; Ramcast quickly merged with the Global Shopping Network to become Global Broadcasting Systems, Inc. However, Global Broadcasting Systems soon ran into financial trouble, and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on June 26, 1997. Its assets, including WRAY, were sold to the rival Shop at Home Network in 1998.

On May 16, 2006, Shop at Home parent the E. W. Scripps Company announced that the network would be suspending operations, effective June 22, 2006. However, it temporarily ceased operations on June 21, and WRAY switched to Jewelry Television (and, on June 23, a mixture of both networks), which remained until Scripps found a buyer for its stations.

On September 26, 2006, Scripps announced that it was selling its Shop at Home stations, including WRAY, to Multicultural Television of New York City for $170 million. The sale of WRAY and sister stations KCNS in San Francisco and WOAC in Cleveland was completed on December 20, 2006. Soon after the sale, all Shop at Home programming ceased in favor of a schedule consisting primarily of infomercials.

After Multicultural ran into financial problems and defaulted on its loans, the station was placed into a trust; in October 2009, a sale of WRAY-TV to Marion, Illinois–based Tri-State Christian Television (via subsidiary Radiant Light Ministries, which had earlier acquired WOAC (now WRLM) from the trust), a chain of Christian television stations, was announced.

On April 4, 2017, WRAY was identified by the FCC as receiving $41 million for the spectrum reallocation auction. WRAY changed its city of license to Wake Forest, North Carolina and entered into a channel-sharing arrangement with WUNC-TV, along with sister station WLXI. With the 2018 FCC repeal of the Main Studio Rule, WRAY-TV's studio in Wilson was closed as part of a nationwide restructuring of TCT's operations into one hub from its Illinois base.

Analog-to-digital conversion
WRAY-TV discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over UHF channel 30, on February 17, 2009, the original target date on which full-power television stations in the United States were to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which was later pushed back to June 12, 2009). The station's digital signal continued to broadcasts on its pre-transition UHF channel 42, using virtual channel 30.

title: WRAY-TV


text:
Linux server administration

Linux server administration is one of the server administration learning projects. Linux server administration studies the use of the Linux operating system as an all purpose server.

What is Linux?
Linux, or GNU/Linux, refers to any Unix-like computer operating system which uses the Linux kernel. It is one of the most prominent examples of open source development and free software as well as user generated software; its underlying source code is available for anyone to use, modify, and redistribute freely. See the Linux article at Wikipedia for much more information

Choosing a distribution
Linux distributions are available in a very wide variety. Choosing only one is a difficult task. Popular examples that have been around for a while are
 * Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
 * Fedora core
 * Debian
 * Slackware
 * Mandrake (now called Mandriva Linux)
 * Ubuntu
 * SUSE

Others like Knoppix offers live CD experience. See the Comparison of Linux distributions at Wikipedia for an exhaustive list

NOTE: Wikiversity runs from Wikimedia servers using several distributions including Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Ubuntu.

A curriculum for the Linux users and administrators
This is for future contributers to add to and develop.

Level 1 : Introduction to Linux
 * What is Linux?
 * How Linux Began and Origins of Linux
 * The GNU Project
 * Platforms, Applications & Distributions
 * Linux Resources
 * Minimum System Requirements
 * The Fedora Project
 * Red Hat Linux 7,8,9 vs. Enterprise 3.x
 * Chapter 1 Review

Level 2 : Linux Installation
 * Is Your Hardware Compatible?
 * System Requirements Table
 * Initiating an Installation
 * Hard Disk Management: fdisk, linux/mdadm, /disk usage/, /blkid/, /lsblk/
 * Selecting an Installation Method
 * Virtual Consoles
 * Initiation Installation from Boot Media
 * Welcome Screen and Boot Options
 * Language Selection
 * Keyboard & Mouse Configuration
 * Installation Type Options
 * Disk Partitioning Setup
 * Boot Loader Configuration
 * Network Configuration
 * Firewall Configuration
 * Language Support Selection
 * Time Zone Configuration: NTP services
 * Root Password Configuration
 * Authentication Configuration
 * Desktop Configuration
 * Demo - Fedora Installation
 * /Directory structure/
 * Chapter 2 Review

Level 3 : Package Managers: Red Hat Package Manager "RPM"
 * What is RPM?
 * Demo - Reflection X
 * Downloading RPM's
 * RPM's 5 Modes of Operation
 * Installing with RPM
 * Installation Errors/Remedies
 * Uninstalling Packages
 * Upgrading RPM's
 * Freshening RPM's
 * Querying RPM's
 * Verifying RPM's
 * Additional RPM Resources
 * Other package management systems: /dpkg/, /apt/, yum
 * Chapter 3 Review

Level 4 : Managing Users
 * Linux User Types
 * Adding Users
 * Usernames
 * Passwords
 * User Home Directories
 * UID and GID
 * User Groups
 * User Primary vs. Private Groups
 * Sharing
 * Files Built When Users are Created
 * Files Checked by Bash
 * Activating the User Manager GUI
 * System Created Users & Groups
 * Command Line User Deletion
 * Chapter 4 Review

Level 5 : Partitioning and Filesystems
 * Devices & Device Nodes
 * IDE Devices
 * SCSI Devices
 * IDE Device Naming
 * SCSI Chain
 * Filesystem Management Commands
 * Partition Planning
 * Partition Types
 * Supported Filesystems
 * Creating Filesystems
 * Files: (touch (command))
 * Formatting devices: Floppies / USB
 * More Filesystem Details
 * Link Count
 * Mounting Filesystems
 * Unmounting Filesystems
 * Mount Command Options
 * Mounting Remote Filesystems
 * fstab File
 * Swap Space
 * Special Case: Swap
 * Special Case: Automounter
 * Quotas
 * Maintenance & Repair
 * Adding a New Hard Drive
 * Recovering a Partition
 * LVM and ZFS
 * Demo -fstab File
 * Chapter 5 Review

Level 6 : /Backup and Restore/
 * Types of Backups
 * Device Naming Conventions
 * Chapter 6 Review

Level 7 : Startup and Shutdown
 * The Boot Process
 * Run Levels
 * Configuring Process Fields
 * Inittab Example
 * In The Beginning.Init
 * The /etc/rc.d Directory
 * /etc/rcX.d Script Sequencing
 * Processes:  and   utils
 * Stop & Stop Services: systemd
 * The /etc/rc.d/rc.local File
 * Shutting Down Properly
 * Methods of Rebooting
 * Booting into Single-User Mode
 * Creating a Boot Diskette
 * Demo - Startup & Shutdown Procedures
 * Chapter 7 Review

Level 8 : Compiling the Kernel
 * What is the Linux Kernel?
 * Why Compile the Kernel?
 * Before You Get Started
 * Four Kernel Upgrade Paths
 * Check Your Tool Kit
 * 4 Stages to Compile the Kernel
 * Patching the Kernel
 * Demo - Manually Compile the Kernel
 * Chapter 8 Review

Level 9 : /Scheduling/
 * 2 Major Scheduling Daemons
 * command
 * The  File
 * Simple /etc/crontab Example
 * Complex /etc/crontab Example
 * An actual  file
 * Sample  directory
 * Use /etc/cron.allow or /etc/cron.deny
 * Starting & Stopping cron
 * The at Command
 * Anacron
 * Starting & Stopping Anacron
 * Sample /etc/anacrontab File
 * Demo - Scheduling
 * Chapter 9 Review

Level 10 : Basic Networking Concepts
 * Platform Compatibility
 * Physical Network Support
 * Protocol Suite Support
 * Network Device Names
 * Network Kernel Modules
 * ifconfig Command
 * ifup & ifdown Scripts
 * Interface Configuration
 * Non-root User Control
 * Multiple IP's on a Single Interface
 * Client DHCP/BOOTP
 * Global Parameters
 * Configuration Utilities
 * Network Tools
 * Demo - Reconfigure Network Information
 * Demo - Sysconfig Directory
 * Chapter 10 Review

Level 11 : Printing
 * Linux Printing over the Last 2 Years
 * Setup Printing
 * Common Unix Printing System "CUPS"
 * Printing Flow in a CUPS Environment
 * CUPS Browser Interface
 * Linux-Supported Printers
 * Printer Configuration Tools
 * User Command Interface
 * Starting & Stopping Printing Services
 * lpr Examples
 * lpq Examples
 * lprm Examples
 * lpc Usage
 * Printing from Linux Applications
 * redhat-config-printer
 * Availability
 * Troubleshooting Printing
 * Chapter 11 Review

Level 12 : Linux Security
 * Basic Levels of Security
 * Physical Security
 * Grub Security
 * User-based Security
 * User Accounts & Patterns
 * Typical User No-No's
 * Delegating Root Authority
 * Password Security
 * Pluggable Authentication Modules "PAM"
 * Permissions
 * File and directory permissions
 * Controlling Permissions
 * Files & Filesystem Security
 * Filesystem Monitoring
 * Avoiding Trojan Horses
 * Encryption
 * Introduction to iptables: filters and SNAT/DNAT
 * /hardening/
 * Response Strategies
 * Demo - Base Permissions
 * Chapter 12 Review

 Level 13 : Popular Linux Services
 * SAMBA Naming, overview and components
 * Exploring/Browsing Directories
 * Browsing Resources with Linux Commands
 * Letting Linux Use a Windows Printer
 * Official SAMBA Website
 * Web Servers:
 * Apache Web Server: Naming confusion and configuration files
 * Nginx
 * What is Squid?
 * Demo - Connecting to a Linux Machine
 * Demo - Getting a list of Running Services

Level 14 : Operation and Monitoring
 * Configuration management
 * Monitoring tools: (Nagios, /Zabbix/), Icinga

Level 15 : /Performance and Troubleshooting/

Level 16: Benchmarking tools

title: Linux server administration


text:
Electronics/Inductance

A electron moving through space creates a magnetic field that spins around the charge according to the right hand rule. The magnetic field is created by the spin of the moving electron. If the wire is bent in the shape of a ring, when its current is flowing it magnetic field will resemble water flowing through a hose. In order for the ring to have a magnetic field, its magnetic field must first displace the magnetic field that is already there. This is why inductors initially resist any changes in current when a voltage is applied. Over time the magnetic field changes to reflect the magnetic field of the ring and current starts flowing.

Inductors resist changes in current and take time to adjust.

A popular example of inductance is an electromagnet. It is essentially an inductor connected to dc with a piece of metal in its core. The flow of current creates a magnetic flow that mimicks a magnet. The direction of current determines the polarity of the magnet.

The nice thing about electromagnets is the strength of the current determines the strength of the magnetic field, so the more current the more magnetic field. Also reversing the direction of the current switches the polarity of the electromagnet.

This property allows electromagnets to be used as switches. As the current increases the magnet becomes more repulsive to other magnets.

Electromagnets are also used in loudspeakers. You have a voltage that is dependent on distance so as the distance decreases the voltage increases and as the distance increases the voltage decreases. The result is the ability to program the loudspeaker according to a vibration pattern.

title: Electronics/Inductance


text:
User:Branko~enwikibooks

I seem to be hopping from project to project. Things in which I have been involved in or am involved in: Wikipedia, nl.wikipedia, Distributed Proofreaders/Project Gutenberg, Distributed Proofreaders Europe. In all these endeavours, my username is Branko.

title: User:Branko~enwikibooks


text:
2017 Garbiñe Muguruza tennis season

The 2017 Garbiñe Muguruza tennis season officially began on 2 January with the start of the 2017 Brisbane International, and ended on 26 October in Singapore. Muguruza entered the season as the number 7 ranked player and as the French Open defending champion.

Birmingham Classic
Despite falling out of top 10 following French Open, Muguruza started strong grass court campaign with semifinal showing at Birmingham Classic. She beat Elizaveta Kulichkova and Alison Riske before winning against CoCo Vandeweghe, the same player she lost convincingly at Australian Open, with Vandeweghe retiring after losing second set. In the semifinal she lost to Ashleigh Barty in three sets.

Aegon International
In Eastbourne Muguruza lost in shocking way to Barbora Strýcová with winning only one game and being broken six times. Match lasted only one hour.

Wimbledon Championships
At Wimbledon Muguruza was non-top 10 seed for the first time at Major since 2015 Wimbledon, at fourteen. But being now underdog again, Muguruza showed once again quality tennis worth of a Grand Slam title, and she captured her first Wimbledon title beating Ekaterina Alexandrova, Yanina Wickmayer, Sorana Cîrstea, world No. 1 Angelique Kerber, No. 8 Svetlana Kuznetsova, Magdaléna Rybáriková and five-time champion Venus Williams, respectively. The only set she dropped was first set in match against Kerber. Muguruza's second Grand Slam titled propelled her again into top 10 at No. 7.

Singles schedule
Muguruza's 2017 singles tournament schedule is as follows:

Head-to-head matchups
(Bold denotes a top 10 player at the time of the most recent match between the two players, Italic denotes top 50.) • 🇷🇺 Svetlana Kuznetsova 3–0

• 🇷🇴 Sorana Cîrstea 2–0

• 🇺🇸 Kayla Day 2–0

• 🇧🇪 Kirsten Flipkens 2–0

• 🇸🇰 Magdaléna Rybáriková 2–0

• 🇺🇸 Venus Williams 2–0

• 🇷🇺 Ekaterina Alexandrova 1–0

• 🇹🇷 Çağla Büyükakçay 1–0

• 🇺🇸 Samantha Crawford 1–0

• 🇨🇳 Duan Yingying 1–0

• 🇳🇿 Marina Erakovic 1–0

• 🇩🇪 Julia Görges 1–0

• 🇧🇷 Beatriz Haddad Maia 1–0

• 🇷🇴 Simona Halep 1–0

• 🇷🇺 Daria Kasatkina 1–0

• 🇩🇪 Angelique Kerber 1–0

• Ana Konjuh 1–0

• 🇺🇸 Varvara Lepchenko 1–0

• 🇷🇺 Elizaveta Kulichkova 1–0

• 🇺🇸 Christina Mchale 1–0

• Jeļena Ostapenko 1–0

• 🇰🇿 Yulia Putintseva 1–0

• 🇺🇸 Alison Riske 1–0

• 🇮🇹 Francesca Schiavone 1–0

• Anastasija Sevastova 1–0

• 🇦🇺 Samantha Stosur 1–0

• 🇧🇪 Yanina Wickmayer 1–0

• 🇦🇺 Ashleigh Barty 1–1

• 🇺🇸 Madison Keys 1–1

• 🇪🇪 Anett Kontaveit 1–1

• 🇨🇿 Barbora Strýcová 1–1

• 🇺🇸 CoCo Vandeweghe 1–1

• 🇨🇳 Zhang Shuai 1–1

• 🇨🇿 Karolína Plíšková 1–2

• 🇺🇦 Elina Svitolina 1–2

• Timea Bacsinszky 0–1

• 🇺🇦 Kateryna Bondarenko 0–1

• 🇫🇷 Alizé Cornet 0–1

• 🇨🇿 Petra Kvitová 0–1

• 🇫🇷 Kristina Mladenovic 0–1

• Caroline Wozniacki 0–1

title: 2017 Garbiñe Muguruza tennis season


text:
Acacia bulgaensis

Acacia bulgaensis is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Juliflorae that is native to eastern Australia.

Description
The tree or shrub typically grows to a height of 1.5 to 8 m and has grey-brown, dark brown or reddish brown coloured bark that peels in small flakes and is fibrous below. It has glabrous, light-brown to reddish-brown coloured branchlets that are vaguely triquetrous. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen phyllodes usually have a narrowly elliptic shape that is often scarcely curved. The glabrous phyllodes are 3.5 to 10 cm in length and 7 to 23 mm wide with three obscure or subprominent longitudinal veins. It blooms between September and March producing yellow flowers. The cylindrically shaped axillary flower-spikes mostly occur in pair and are 3.2 to 5 cm in length and packed with golden yellow flowers. After flowering linear, thinly coriaceous seed pods form that resemble a string of beads and are 2 to 9.5 cm in length and 3 to 5 mm wide with fine striations. The dark-brown to black seeds inside have a length of 4 to 5 mm.

Distribution
It is endemic to the Hunter Valley region of New South Wales where it is quite common. It is found around Bulga, Milbrodale and Broke and usually found on hilly sandstone or shale country often as a part of open Eucalyptus forest communities. The type specimen was collected near Bulga.

title: Acacia bulgaensis


text:
Finnhamn

Finnhamn is a natural harbour on the island of  Stora Jolpan in the Stockholm archipelago. It is in Österåker Municipality and lies to the east of Ingmarsö and to the west of Husarö. The name Finnhamn is derived from the Finnish boats which called into the harbour on their way to and from Stockholm, and is often now used for the island as well as the harbour. Finnhamn was bought by Stockholm City in 1943.

A wealthy coal merchant built a house here in 1915 and this is now a youth hostel which is open all year round. Other facilities on Finnhamn are holiday cabins, and a seasonally open restaurant and shop.

Two companies, Cinderellabåtarna and Waxholmsbolaget, have scheduled ferry services to the islands. The journey takes around two and a half hours from the centre of Stockholm.

title: Finnhamn


text:
User:OrganoMetallurgy/Drafts/tert-Butyl hypochlorite

= non-chembox sections = tert-Butyl hypochlorite is yellowish photosensitive liquid that is used as a chlorinating or oxidizing agent in organic chemistry.

Properties
Reacts violently with rubber

Synthesis/Preparation
Tert-butyl hypochlorite can be prepared by the reaction of a solution of tert-butyl alcohol with a sodium hypochlorite solution and acetic acid under low light conditions.

Applications/Uses/Reactions
Chlorination Radical chlorination Chloramines Oxidation Oxidizes secondary alcohols to ketones in the presence of pyridine (in the absence of pyridine, α-chloro ketones also tend to be produced) Sulfides to sulfoxides Selenides to seleoxides Tellerides to telluroxides Addition Adds to electron rich alkenes Adds to isocyanides


text:
Trial and Error (1997 film)

Trial and Error is a 1997 American comedy film directed by Jonathan Lynn and starring Michael Richards, Jeff Daniels, and Charlize Theron. The film's plot concerns an attorney and his actor friend, who takes his place in court to defend his boss's hopelessly guilty relative.

Plot
Charlie Tuttle has just been made partner in a successful law firm, Whitfield and Morris. His boss and future father-in-law sends him to Paradise Bluff, Nevada, to request a continuance in a mail fraud case involving a cousin-in-law who is likely to be found guilty. But the timing of the trip conflicts with Charlie's bachelor party. After Charlie drives from California to Paradise Bluff, he is unexpectedly greeted by his best man, actor Richard Rietti, who is determined to show his friend a great time prior to his wedding.

During the celebration, Charlie is knocked out in a barfight, and is later prescribed painkillers for the resulting pain. The next day — the day of the court appearance — Richard checks on his friend and finds Charlie has taken all of the pills in the bottle. Charlie winds up in no shape to appear in court that day, as legal counsel for con artist Benny Gibbs, so Richard impersonates Charlie. When the case unexpectedly goes to trial, Richard and Charlie must continue the charade, or they both will go to prison for perpetrating a fraud upon the court.

Charlie coaches Richard as to the use of the rules of evidence, masquerading as Richard's "assistant", surreptitiously using flash cards to tell Richard which basis for objection to use. Charlie eventually loses his temper and screams at the Judge Paul Graff, trying to overrule Charlie, when Richard disobeys Charlie and takes the "defense" in a broader direction, and Charlie is banned from reentering the courthouse. Later, Richard and Charlie devise a communication system involving a baby monitor and morse-code sounding of Charlie's vehicle's horn, heard through an open window, to instruct Richard as to which type of objection to use.

During the course of the story, Charlie meets and falls in love with an attractive waitress named Billie Tyler who causes Charlie to rethink his impending wedding to his shrill, self-absorbed fiancée, Tiffany. As the trial nears its end, Richard becomes involved with the prosecutor, Elizabeth, against whom he ultimately finds due process for "his client".

Reception
Despite Richards' popularity on Seinfeld, and Daniels' success as a comic actor in Dumb and Dumber, Trial and Error was a box office disappointment and earned mixed critical reviews. Trial and Error earned only around $13 million domestically against a $25 million budget, and holds a rating of 50% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 36 reviews. The site's consensus states: "Trial and Error gets some laughs out of the comedic chemistry between its pleasantly mismatched leads, although the results are still somewhat less than memorable."

Positive appraisals came from Roger Ebert and Leonard Maltin, both awarding it three stars out of a possible four. Ebert thought the film was reminiscent of Billy Wilder's understated comedies, which "got a lot of the laughs by playing scenes straight" rather than going for obvious comedic gags. Many critics noted similarities to director Jonathan Lynn's earlier critically and commercially successful courtroom comedy My Cousin Vinny. Austin Pendleton, who played defense attorney John Gibbons in My Cousin Vinny, also appeared in Trial and Error, this time as the judge.

title: Trial and Error (1997 film)


text:
Konstantinos Apostolakis

Konstantinos Apostolakis (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Αποστολάκης; born 28 May 1999) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Moldovan Super Liga club Sheriff Tiraspol.

Panathinaikos
Apostolakis plays mainly as a right-back and joined Panathinaikos from the team's youth ranks.

APOEL
On 7 May 2020, Apostolakis signed a three years' contract with Cypriot giants APOEL for an undisclosed fee. At the end of his first season, he mutually solved his contract with the club.

Panetolikos
On 17 August 2021, Apostolakis signed a two years' contract with Panetolikos F.C. for an undisclosed fee.

Personal life
Apostolakis’ father is the former professional footballer Stratos.

title: Konstantinos Apostolakis


text:
Friedrich Nietzsche/Name Game

Learning Project Summary
While this lesson takes a light hearted look at the variation in the pronunciation of Friedrich Nietzsche's surname it raises issues of identity, meaning, knowledge and the nature of the author.
 * Suggested Prerequisites:
 * A sense of humor
 * An opinion
 * Time investment:
 * "I regard profound problems as I do a cold bath - quick in, quick out."

Learning Activity
Explore the resources and feel free to add new ones.

Ask friends, family and random strangers how they pronounce Nietzsche.

Start a debate about the possibility of providing a definitive pronunciation for Nietzsche's surname.

Undertake one of the assessment activities.

Resources

 * Bruces' Philosophers Song at YouTube
 * Friedrich Nietzsche at www.answers.com
 * Friedrich Nietzsche at Wikipedia

Assessment

 * Submit a recording of your chosen pronunciation.
 * Mark up your chosen pronunciation using the International Phonetic Alphabet.
 * Compose an appropriate limerick.
 * Pen an aphorism that explores the pronunciation.
 * Submit any questions and answers this activity has provoked.
 * Comment on the assignments that have been submitted to the site.

Active participants
Active participants in this Learning Group
 * Mystictim 14:34, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Executivezen 21:23, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

Submitted Assessments
Please submit any material relevant to the assessments in this area. They will be revalued by peer assessment. So expect comments from other people and feel free to comment on everything on this page. I suggest that rather than using the discussion page you add comments directly to any submission using : to indent them.

title: Friedrich Nietzsche/Name Game


text:
H2Oi

H2Oi (an abbreviation of "water cooled import vehicles") is an annual car meetup in Ocean City, Maryland, usually occurring over the final weekend of September. The original event was open to showcase water cooled Audi and Volkswagen cars.

History
The event began as a small annual meetup of car enthusiasts around 1997, with the location shifting to Ocean Downs in Berlin, Maryland around 2000. Attendance grew over the next decade, reaching 6,000 attendees by 2010. Major police interactions with event participants began around this time, and the event began shifting to different locations in Worcester County. In 2012 the event officially moved to a campground near Whaleyville, Maryland, but unofficial racing and partying took place elsewhere, particularly in Ocean City. The event continued to grow, and in 2017 the event organizer cancelled that year's event over "venue issues and logistical problems." Despite the official cancellation, the event continued unofficially and was described as "rowdier than ever" by Jalopnik.

title: H2Oi


text:
Hardley Manor

Hardley Manor  (also Hardelei, 11th century; Hardeleghe, 13th century) was a manor house in the parish of Brading on the Isle of Wight.

History
Hardley belonged in 1086 to William son of Stur, and had previously been held by Godric as a free manor of the Confessor. At the end of the 13th century it was held of the honour of Carisbrooke Castle by Robert de Glamorgan of Wolverton, and it passed with that manor (q.v.) until about the middle of the 15th century. Later it became part of Bembridge Farm, and lost its identity, the name being retained only in a field belonging to the farm.

title: Hardley Manor


text:
Tower of Love (album)

Tower of Love is the debut album by Manchester based multi-instrumentalist Jim Noir. First released on 12 December 2005, it largely consists of songs taken from Noir's first three releases, Eanie Meany EP, My Patch EP and A Quiet Man EP.

Album description
AllMusic’s Tim Sendra described the album as a “blending of the cheesy drum machines and bubbling synths of indie electronic, the lo-fi guitars and adult-child vocals of indie pop, and the full-bodied and harmony-drenched arrangements of chamber pop into a swirling, soothing, and truly lovely Technicolor pop confection”.

Album cover art
The album cover art features a lighthouse, emitting heart symbols instead of light. There appear to be two versions of the album cover, one with a door in the lighthouse and one without a door.

Critical reception
The album received by and large positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 73 out of 100, which indicates "generally favorable reviews" based on 18 reviews.

Calling Noir a “melodic genius”, The Guardian‘s Dave Simpson described the album as “a cross between a classic 1960s album and half-forgotten children's TV themes”, “rich in the sort of melodies you'd think went out with Simon and Garfunkel and Smile-era Beach Boys.” In similar vein, PopMatters’ Dan Raper described the album as “sophisticated pop music with broad appeal” that “hums with 60s pop brilliantine and a slightly uncomfortable childhood nostalgia”. Speaking about notable influences on the album, Raper wrote that “Jim Noir casually allows the history of pop music to inform his arrangements; luckily, he never allows them to overwhelm his natural sense of melody. Somehow, these sweet songs still sound fresh.” He further praised the album for retaining “a sunny optimism that’s difficult to resist. For that reason alone Tower of Love is worth a listen.” In his review, Allmusic’s Tim Sendra especially noted the album’s “catchy and richly constructed tunes”, predicting that listeners “will be hard-pressed to keep from walking around all day grinning like a fish once you give the album an airing. In fact, doctors should prescribe a spin of Tower of Love to chase the blues away. The only problem with the record is that it paints Noir into a corner, as it will be hard to top.” In his review, Drowned In Sound’s Dom Gourlay concluded that “[a]lthough not strictly an album in that it wasn't created for the purpose of such [...], it still wipes the floor with most other albums of a similar genre released this, or indeed any other year in the last ten. [...] Tower Of Love is a tasty entree that merely whets the appetite for the first album proper.”

While praising its melodies, Pitchfork Media’s Sam Ubl criticised the album’s “subject matter” and Noir's “trying to emphasize the naïvety of his naïve-sounding music with naïve content": "Let's just say Tower of Love isn't out to offend or challenge or discomfit anyone.”

Media appearances

 * For the 2007 holiday season, Target featured a commercial in which an adaptation of Noir's song "My Patch" is playing while windows in a large Advent calendar open and close. The original lyrics, "If you ever step on my patch / I'll bring you down, I'll bring you down" were modified. In the commercial, a different singer sings "Holidays are times of magic / We're counting down, we're counting down".
 * "My Patch" was used in a trailer for the PlayStation 3 video game LittleBigPlanet, which was shown at the E3 games conference, and the song also appears in the full game. The song is also used as the theme tune to the BBC radio comedy panel game The Unbelievable Truth.
 * In 2006, Adidas used a remix of "Eanie Meany" for their World Cup themed advert Josè +10, featuring the lyric "If you don't give my football back, I'm gonna get my dad on you" throughout.

Track listing
Everything by Jim Noir.

title: Tower of Love (album)


text:
File:BuildWall9.jpg

Summary
Illustration for building the wall of the movie set for the WikiU Film School created using FrameForge 3D Studio 2 Demo Version.

title: File:BuildWall9.jpg


text:
2012–13 Crewe Alexandra F.C. season

This 2012–13 season in League One was Crewe's 89th competitive season in the English Football League and first upon return to League One after an absence spanning over three seasons.

Season key events

 * 27 May 2012: Goals from Nick Powell and Byron Moore secure a 2–0 win over Cheltenham Town in the 2011-12 Football League Two play-off final at Wembley.
 * 1 June 2012: The club announce that they will be releasing David Artell, Lee Bell, Carl Martin, Danny Shelley, Jordan Brown, Jason Oswell, Caspar Hughes, Michael Koral, Danny Ting and Jordan Connerton.
 * 4 June 2012: The club announce that youngster Paris Bateman has signed his first professional contract after graduating from the famed Crewe Academy.
 * 6 June 2012: It is announced that Harry Clayton has re-signed on a new one-year deal.
 * 8 June 2012: The club announces that Andy White has also re-signed a new one-year deal.
 * 13 June 2012: Crewe announce that Nick Powell has signed a four-year contract with Manchester United for £4m.
 * 14 June 2012: The club announces the re-signing of Ollie Turton, on a new one-year contract.
 * 28 June 2012: Crewe announce the signing of Torquay defender Mark Ellis for an undisclosed fee.
 * 3 July 2012: Goalkeeper Steve Phillips re-signs at the club on a new two-year deal, which involves him acting as the academy's goal-keeping coach. Also, the club announces the signing of defender Gregor Robertson on a two-year contract after he was released by Chesterfield at the end of the 2011–12 season.
 * 6 July 2012: Crewe announce the signing of Mathias Pogba from Conference National side Wrexham.
 * 9 July 2012: Goalkeeper Alan Martin re-signs with the club on a new six-month deal.
 * 10 July 2012: The signing of Ebbsfleet United winger Michael West is announced for a nominal compensation package.
 * 14 July 2012: Crewe announce that striker Byron Moore has re-signed on a two-year deal.
 * 16 July 2012: The club announces the re-signing of defender Kelvin Mellor on a new two-year deal.
 * 25 July 2012: The club announce the signing of midfielder Abdul Osman on a free transfer and a two-year contract.
 * 30 July 2012: The club announces the departure of striker Shaun Miller on a two-year deal to Sheffield United for an undisclosed fee.
 * 11 August 2012: The season proper kicks off with a 5 – 0 victory over Hartlepool United in the first round of the Football League Cup.
 * 13 August 2012: The re-signing of defender Adam Dugdale on a three-year deal is announced by the club.
 * 18 August 2012: The league campaign starts with a loss to Notts County; the club's first loss in twenty competitive matches.
 * 21 August 2012: Striker Harry Bunn joins the club from Manchester City on a six-month loan deal. Crewe beat Scunthorpe United 2–1 for their first win of the league campaign.
 * 28 August 2012: Crewe are knocked out of the Football League Cup in the second round with a 2 – 0 loss away to West Ham United.
 * 31 August 2012: Club captain Ashley Westwood is signed by Aston Villa for an undisclosed fee on a four-year deal.
 * 7 September 2012: Midfielder Chuks Aneke becomes Crewe's second loanee of the season signing an initial one-month contract from Arsenal.
 * 7 April 2013: Crewe are crowned champions of the Football League Trophy thanks to goals from Luke Murphy and Max Clayton.

First team squad
Players' ages as of 27 April 2013

Appearances
Appearances formatted as starts + substitutions.

 * colspan="14"|Players that have played for Crewe Alexandra this season that have left the club or are currently out on loan:
 * colspan="14"|Players that have played for Crewe Alexandra this season that have left the club or are currently out on loan:

 * }

Goalscorers
Players highlighted in light grey denote the player had scored for the club before leaving for another club

Players highlighted in light cyan denote the player has scored for the club after arriving at Crewe during the season

Players highlighted in Blonde denote the player has scored for the club before leaving the club on loan for part/the rest of the season

Disciplinary record
Players highlighted in light grey denote the player has received a yellow/red card for the club before leaving for another club

Players highlighted in light cyan denote the player has received a yellow/red card for the club after arriving at Crewe during the season

Players highlighted in Blonde denote the player has received a yellow/red card for the club before leaving the club on loan for part/the rest of the season
 * Notes

title: 2012–13 Crewe Alexandra F.C. season


text:
Lectures in Geometric Combinatorics

Lectures in Geometric Combinatorics is a textbook on polyhedral combinatorics. It was written by Rekha R. Thomas, based on a course given by Thomas at the 2004 Park City Mathematics Institute, and published by the American Mathematical Society and Institute for Advanced Study in 2006, as volume 33 of their Student Mathematical Library book series.

Topics
The 14 chapters of the book can be grouped into two parts, with the first 2/3 of the book concerning the combinatorial properties of convex polytopes and the remainder connecting these topics to abstract algebra.

The topics covered include Schlegel diagrams and Gale diagrams, irrational polytopes, point set triangulations, regular triangulations and their polyhedral representation by secondary polytopes, the permutohedron as an example of a secondary polytope, Gröbner bases, toric ideals, and toric varieties, and the connections between Gröbner bases of toric ideals and regular triangulations of points.

Audience and reception
Although originally presented as an advanced undergraduate course, the book is also suitable for graduate students and for researchers interested in beginning work in this area. It requires only an undergraduate level of background material in mathematics (particularly linear algebra), and includes exercises making it suitable as a textbook. Reviewers Miklós Bóna and Alexander Zvonkin suggest it as a "quick introduction" to its topics, after which other books on the same topics can provide greater depth.

title: Lectures in Geometric Combinatorics


text:
Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python 2.6/File I/O

Here is a simple example of file I/O (input/output):

The output and the contents of the file  are:

This Text is going to out file Look at it and see!

Notice that it wrote a file called  in the directory that you ran the program from. The  in the string tells Python to put a newline where it is.

A overview of file I/O is:
 * Get a file object with the  function.
 * Read or write to the file object (depending on how it was opened)
 * Close it

The first step is to get a file object. The way to do this is to use the  function. The format is   where   is the variable to put the file object,   is a string with the filename, and   is   to read a file or   to write a file (and a few others we will skip here). Next the file objects functions can be called. The two most common functions are  and. The  function adds a string to the end of the file. The  function reads the next thing in the file and returns it as a string. If no argument is given it will return the whole file (as done in the example).

Now here is a new version of the phone numbers program that we made earlier:

Notice that it now includes saving and loading files. Here is some output of my running it twice:

1. Print Phone Numbers 2. Add a Phone Number 3. Remove a Phone Number 4. Lookup a Phone Number 5. Load numbers 6. Save numbers 7. Quit Type in a number (1-7): 2 Add Name and Number Name: Jill Number: 1234 Type in a number (1-7): 2 Add Name and Number Name: Fred Number: 4321 Type in a number (1-7): 1 Telephone Numbers: Name: Jill    Number: 1234 Name: Fred    Number: 4321 Type in a number (1-7): 6 Filename to save: numbers.txt Type in a number (1-7): 7 Goodbye

1. Print Phone Numbers 2. Add a Phone Number 3. Remove a Phone Number 4. Lookup a Phone Number 5. Load numbers 6. Save numbers 7. Quit Type in a number (1-7): 5 Filename to load: numbers.txt Type in a number (1-7): 1 Telephone Numbers: Name: Jill    Number: 1234 Name: Fred    Number: 4321 Type in a number (1-7): 7 Goodbye

The new portions of this program are:

First we will look at the save portion of the program. First it creates a file object with the command. Next it goes through and creates a line for each of the phone numbers with the command. This writes out a line that contains the name, a comma, the number and follows it by a newline.

The loading portion is a little more complicated. It starts by getting a file object. Then it uses a  loop to keep looping until a   statement is encountered. Next it gets a line with the line. The  function will return a empty string when the end of the file is reached. The  statement checks for this and  s out of the   loop when that happens. Of course if the  function did not return the newline at the end of the line there would be no way to tell if an empty string was an empty line or the end of the file so the newline is left in what   returns. Hence we have to get rid of the newline. The line  does this for us by dropping the last character. Next the line  splits the line at the comma into a name and a number. This is then added to the  dictionary.

Exercises
Now modify the grades program from section ../Dictionaries/ so that it uses file I/O to keep a record of the students.


text:
Talk:List of archaeological periods (Mesoamerica)

Table comments
This is good, but is content and intention-wise identical to Mesoamerican chronology. Merge, perhaps? TriNotch 17:20, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

I did think about it but I am trying to make all the "List of archaeological period" articles have a similar look and feel (tabular). That one is more textual. Any more ideas. I would like that one to more more in a narrative analytical direction and this remain a listing or tabular. :: Kevinalewis  :  (Talk Page)  17:27, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * This list is not only incomplete, but wrong in several places. I understand the desire to keep the look-and-feel consistent, but this is a just-plain bad article.  Madman (talk) 14:51, 15 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Ok then fix it and source it. If you are unable please give details so that others can have a go at feeding in the changes. Thanks. :: Kevinalewis  : (Talk Page) /(Desk)  10:57, 17 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I've updated the table, essentially replacing it with the one that was developed over at Mesoamerican chronology. This has a more accurate correlation of cultural florescences and periods, tho' there's still some tidyup and caveats that could be added. Naturally cites/refs for the period divisions shld be added in also. The formatting could be changed, but first it would probably be best to decide on what features this 'list of archaeological periods (mesoamerica)' wants to highlight, and in what way it should be made distinct from the Mesoamerican chronology article. --cjllw ʘ  TALK 05:18, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for adding that information I have absorbed that information into the layout that is common to the various "List of archaeological periods" articles that currently exist. I trust I haven't "massaged" the data in the process. On the "decide on what features" issue. This is meant to be a common and standard format article as mentioned above and the chronology article could be more narrative in style. :: Kevinalewis  : (Talk Page) /(Desk)  10:17, 18 December 2007 (UTC)


text:
User:Bluegreenpip/sandbox

The Lampeter Museum was founded by Hanes Llambed, the local history society. In Welsh, it is known as Amgueddfa Llambedr Pont Steffan.

Foundation
The Museum was founded with help from the Cynnal y Cardi and Ceredigion Museum

Building
Lampeter Museum inhabits the old Porter's Lodge of the University of Wales Trinity Saint David. It is a Listed Building

Exhibits
An exhibit recalling the 1984 Eisteddfod

title: User:Bluegreenpip/sandbox


text:
Talk:Budget Direct

Edit request
to Products: Budget Direct sells vehicle, home & contents, life, health, travel and pet insurance, and roadside assistance. Source: https://www.finder.com.au/health-insurance/budget-direct KmoodyAus (talk) 00:46, 22 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Symbol question.svg Clarification needed: Budget Direct's website says that pet insurance is issued by The Hollard Insurance Company, and that the parent company of Budget Direct acts only as a referrer. Based on this, it seems that pet insurance should not be added. Altamel (talk) 01:01, 22 August 2016 (UTC)

Edit request
Budget Direct is part of the Budget Insurance group of companies headquartered in the British Isles. The group provides more than 6.8 million policies to insurance customers and administers $2 billion in premiums annually. source:http://www.autogeneral.com.au/ KmoodyAus (talk) 05:11, 23 August 2016 (UTC)
 * ✅ Altamel (talk) 17:05, 24 August 2016 (UTC)

Edit request
Budget Direct has won the CANSTAR award for Outstanding Value Car Insurance every year from 2007 to 2016. Source:http://www.canstar.com.au/car-insurance/budget-direct-make-it-a-decade-of-success/ KmoodyAus (talk) 02:42, 16 September 2016 (UTC)

✅ Tazerdadog (talk) 09:31, 26 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120719122402/http://canstar.com.au/images/star_ratings_reports/car-insurance-mar-2012.pdf to http://www.canstar.com.au/images/star_ratings_reports/car-insurance-mar-2012.pdf

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Edit request
Number of employees and policy holders is now out of date - features 2013 figures in Operations section and info box. Correct info is: As at 15 November 2016 Budget Direct employs over 1300 people. Over the past 16 years Budget Direct has provided insurance to more than 1.5 million customers. http://www.noosanews.com.au/news/captain-risky-swoops-in-to-fund-kawana-surf-club/3111837/ KmoodyAus (talk) 01:24, 15 November 2016 (UTC)
 * Hi there. I have updated the number of employees, choosing to omit the insurance part, as such updates should generally be added to something such as a history section, which is missing in the article. Regards, VB00 (talk) 16:55, 4 January 2017 (UTC)

Proposed change to introduction content
Information to replace current introduction:

Budget Direct was established in 2000 and provides award winning Motor Insurance, Home Insurance, Motorcycle Insurance, Travel Insurance and Roadside Assistance products (1). By providing dependable insurance at a competitive price to online customers, they have been challenging the market dominance of older, more established insurers in Australia (2). Budget Direct have insured over 3 million customers throughout Australia (12).

Budget Direct policies are underwritten by Auto & General Insurance Company Limited (AGIC) and administered by Auto & General Services Pty Ltd (AGS) (3). AGIC and AGS are Australian companies regulated by APRA; licensed by ASIC to provide financial services; and are members of the Insurance Council of Australia (3). Auto & General employ over 1,700 people and have partnership agreements with hundreds of car repairers and building contractors nationwide (4).

Auto & General is part of the international BHL Group, which has over 8,000 employees across 31 offices and over 8.9 million customers worldwide, and includes one of the largest direct personal lines insurers in South Africa, and one of the largest personal lines insurance intermediaries in the United Kingdom (4).

Explanation of issue: New introduction provides more information about the company. Proposed content is intended to replace existing introduction.

References supporting change:

[1] https://www.qualityserviceawards.com.au/showcase/Budget-Direct-Car.asp

[2] https://www.moneymag.com.au/insurer-of-the-year-2019

[12] https://mumbrella.com.au/budget-direct-takes-on-braveheart-in-campaign-to-save-australians-from-overspending-625007

[3] https://www.infochoice.com.au/news/infochoice-review-of-budget-direct-insurance/

[4] https://www.autogeneral.com.au/about-us/

Bzanki (talk) 01:47, 29 September 2020 (UTC)

 * Hi Bzanki, and thank you for your suggestions. I am declining this edit request because your proposed text is too promotional and does not adhere to Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising, marketing or public relations, but the purpose of your proposed text is clearly to win over prospective customers and investors. As such, it cannot be added to the article unless it is substantially rewritten. The most obvious red flags are phrases that are frequently used in press releases, but are not appropriate for an encyclopedia. These include claims that Budget Direct's insurance is "dependable" and "challenging the market dominance of older, more established insurers." For these reasons, I am declining this edit request. Best, Altamel (talk) 16:35, 29 September 2020 (UTC)
 * The existing introduction is already too promotional <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:23, 13 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Budget Direct