text:
Talk:Banwell Ochre Caves

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title: Talk:Banwell Ochre Caves


text:
US History/Introduction

Presentation
&nbsp ;

Content and Contributions
This is, to the best of our knowledge, the world's first open content US History Textbook. The users are invited to tweak and refine this book until there is nothing better available. The authors are confident that this will happen because of the success of the Wikipedia site.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: US History/Introduction


text:
Talk:Lucid Dreaming/Further Reading

I'll just mention that Jouvet, a major dream researcher, is quoted on the back of The Origin of Dreams as saying...

 * "The bridge between neurophysiology and psychology - I read it with pleasure."

That's why I wrote "the most accepted current theory"... r3m0t (cont) (talk) 14:31, 1 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Website list maintenance
I think the list of other websites related to lucid dreaming should be maintained, to keep it free from link rot. If a page returns a "404", then at least try and find a copy of it at the Wayback machine. Emanla Eraton 23:07, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lucid Dreaming/Further Reading


text:
Russian/Contents

Moscow-city2007.JPG

Moscow, the capital of Russia ]] The Russian Wikibook is a collaborative effort to create a comprehensive textbook for learners of the Russian language. Russian is an East Slavic language, related to Ukrainian and Belarusian, and is spoken by over 270 million people worldwide. This book includes four sections: a main text curriculum, a grammar supplement, an appendix, and a vocabulary. The main text guides the student through the lessons and provides everything to understand the texts that are to be understood. The grammar supplement provides a greater detail into the concepts presented in the lessons. The appendix is there to refer to for usage and other miscellaneous concepts. The vocabulary groups words into concept-based sections for studying.

Содержа́ние (Contents)

 * Предисло́вие (Foreword)
 * Áзбука (Alphabet)

Гла́вы (Chapters)

 * 1) Как тебя́ зову́т? (What is  your name?)
 * 2) Lesson 2  - Introducing yourself.
 * 3) Lesson 3  - Basic Grammar.
 * 4) Lesson 4  - Vocabulary.
 * 5) Lesson 5  - Text.

Грамма́тика (Grammar)

 * Introduction
 * Articles
 * Gender
 * Cases
 * Nominative
 * Genitive
 * Dative
 * Accusative
 * Instrumental
 * Prepositional
 * Adjectives
 * Pronouns
 * Interrogative Pronouns
 * Personal Pronouns
 * Possessive Pronouns
 * Verbs
 * Verbal Aspect
 * Past tense
 * Future tense
 * Adverbs
 * What and Which

Приложе́ние (Аppendix)

 * Russian Names
 * Alphabet
 * False Friends
 * Cursive
 * Loanwords
 * Prepositions

Слова́рь (Vocabulary)

 * Vocabulary
 * Numbers
 * Geographical names
 * Useful Words and Expressions

Miscellaneous resources

Internet Resources

Contributors

Russisch Ρωσικά Russisch Rosyjski Enseignement du russe רוסית 俄语

title: Russian/Contents


text:
Geometry for Elementary School/Why are the constructions not correct?

In the previous chapters, we introduced constructions and proved their validity. Therefore, these constructions should work flawlessly. In this chapter, we will check whether the construction are indeed foolproof.

Testing a construction

 * 1) Draw a line $$\overline{AB}$$ of length 10cm.
 * 2) Copy the line segment to a different point T.
 * 3) Measure the length of the segment you constructed.

Explanation
I must admit that I never could copy the segment accurately. Some times the segment I constructed was of the length 10.5cm, I did even worse. A more talented person might get better results, but probably not exact.

How come the construction didn't work, at least in my case?

Our proof of the construction is correct. However, the construction is done in an ideal world. In this world, the lines and circles drawn are also ideal. They match the mathematical definition perfectly.

The circle I draw doesn't match the mathematical definition. Actually, many say that they don't match any definition of circle. When I try to use the construction, I'm using the wrong building blocks.

However, the construction are not useless in our far from ideal world. If we use approximation of a circle in the construction, we are getting and approximation of the segment copy. After all, even my copy is not too far from the original.

Note
In the Euclidian geometry developed by the Greek the rule is used only to draw lines. One cannot measure the length of segments using the rulers as we did in this test. Therefore our test should be viewed as a criticism of the use of Euclidian geometry in the real world and not as part of that geometry.

Geometria per scuola elementare/Perché le costruzioni non sono corrette?


text:
Talk:Mōri Motonari

Untitled
he needs a map showing his territoys at the time of his death. hopefully it will be in the similar style as oda nubunagas territory. i know they did not completly over lap but Mori was a very prominent regional leader. the period of time from 1560 to 1582 witness the decline of the single flief leaders and the rise of the regional leaders for japan. and even though mori did not live to see nobunaga's death by the time mori had died he was already a regional leader and owning atleast half a dozen fleifs. he deserved to get a map showing the political structure of his empire and his japanese contemporaries. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:29, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

Regarding cultural references, he (and many other Sengoku-era daimyos) is also a character in Sengoku Rance. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:15, 14 May 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Mōri Motonari


text:
Sujan Shakya

Sujan Ratna Shakya (सुजन रत्न शाक्य; born 10 March 1988) is a Nepalese television personality based in South Korea. He was a cast member in the talk show Non-Summit and reality-travel show Where Is My Friend's Home.

Personal
Shakya is from Kathmandu Nepal. He arrived in Korea in 2010 to study urban planning at Dankook University, where he graduated, and is a Sales and Marketing Manager of a parachute products company in Seoul where he has worked for over five years.

Career
On 5 January 2015 he interned as a guest representative from his home country Nepal, on Episode 27 of the JTBC South Korean talk show Non-Summit, that is made of a cast of young men from different countries, living in Seoul, who debate and discuss issues, in the Korean language, with perspectives they bring from their various cultures, from their native countries. He was immediately selected to be a permanent cast member for the next episode on 12 January, and joined, along with two more previous guest interns from Russia and Australia. In a taped video, as to his expectations for his appearance on the show, he said he felt awkward, but would try his best, and hoped to bring awareness to Nepal and teach others about his country

On the show, Shakya responds to questions about his country and religion, in one instance, as presented by the show's host Sung Si-kyung, that 90 percent of the people of Nepal are Hindu and revere the "cow" animal, with fellow talk show member Guillaume Patry, from Canada, responding with a joke, that he likes "beef". In discussions about an "angry society," he said rather than getting mad, people suppress anger by doing yoga. Another time he discussed the pace of life in Nepal as compared to the city life in Seoul.

In March 2015, after participation on Non-Summit, he became part of the cast of the spin-off reality and travel show Where Is My Friend's Home, for a visit to the country of Belgium, with other cast members, on their second country's visit.

In April 2015, he hosted the trip to Nepal, the third country visited by Where Is My Friend's Home. While filming there, he said, "I hope people remember Nepal as a beautiful country of mountains," and "I wanted to show Nepal’s traditional culture where gods and humans exist together." He said he was happy to visit family and friends he hadn't seen in over a year and a half.

During the broadcasting of pre-recorded episodes of My Friend's Home, the April 2015 Nepal earthquake occurred on the same day that the second episode of the Nepal trips aired, on 25 April 2015. He was interviewed and said that his family was fine and the family home had not collapsed. He posted a poem and the message "#prayforNepal" on his Twitter account.

title: Sujan Shakya


text:
User:Daphne Preston-Kendal/Arrangements of the Latin psalter

Schemata
A scheme (Latin schema, plural schemata) is an arrangement of all or most of the psalms for distribution to the various canonical hours. In addition to the psalms proper, these schemata typically include psalm-like canticles from other books of the Bible. Historically, these schemata have distributed the entire 150 psalms with added canticles over a period of one week, although the 1971 Liturgy of the Hours omits a few psalms and some verses and distributes the remainder over a 4-week cycle. Some of the more important schemes are detailed below.

In addition to the psalms, the schema lists canticles, that is, biblical texts from outside of the book of Psalms that are chanted as if they were psalms.

In addition to the psalter, the schema uses an ordinary which includes the texts that are to be chanted every day. These include the Invitatory, normally psalm 94(95), and the canticles Benedictus Dominus, Magnificat, and Nunc dimittis.

Schema of St. Benedict
Benedict of Nursia around the year 540 wrote a scheme for use in his monastery. This scheme is still used in some Benedictine monasteries today.

The following canticles are used in this schema:

 * Audite, caeli; Deut 32: 1-65
 * Benedicite omnia; Dan 3:57-75, 56
 * Benedictus Dominus; Lk 1: 68-79
 * Cantabo Domino; Exod 15: 1-18
 * Cantemus domino; Exod 15: 1-22
 * Confitebor tibi; Is. 12: 1-6
 * Domine, audivi; Hab 3: 2-33
 * Ego dixi; Is 38: 10-20
 * Exultat cor meum; 1 Sam 2:1-16
 * Magnificat; Lk 1:46-55
 * Nunc dimittis; Lk 2:29-32

The schema is: Psalm 3 and 94 were recited at the beginning of Matins every day.

Schema of Pope Pius V
As commissioned by the Council of Trent, St. Pius V published a reform of the Roman Breviary in 1568 for use by the churches of the Roman rite. The scheme used in this breviary differs in some details from the Scheme of St. Benedict, but follows its overall pattern. Some obvious differences are that Sunday had three nocturns, while the other days had but one; Lauds and the daytime hours had less variation in the Psalmody; and Compline added Psalm 30. In addition, while St. Benedict made heavy use of "divided" Psalms, the Roman rite divided only Psalm 118.

This scheme was used by many religious orders as well, such as the Dominicans (of which Pope Pius V was a member). Psalm 94 was recited at the beginning of each day.

Schema of Pope Pius X
In 1911, Pope Pius X reformed the Roman Breviary, re-arranging the psalms so that there was less repetition and so that each day of the week had approximately the same amount of psalm-chanting.

The following canticles are used in this schema:

 * Audite verbum Domini; Jer 31: 10-14
 * Auscultate, caeli; Deut 32: 1-18
 * Benedicite omnia; Dan 3: 57-88
 * Benedictus Dominus; Lk 1: 68-79
 * Benedictus es; 1 Chr 29:10-13
 * Cantabo Domino; Exod 15: 1-18
 * Domine, audivi; Hab 3: 2-19
 * Ego dixi; Is 38: 10-20
 * Exultat cor meum; 1 Sam 2: 1-10
 * Gratias ago tibi; Is 12: 1-6
 * Incipite Domino; Judt 16:2, 16-20
 * Magnificat; Lk 1:46-55
 * Magnus es; Tob 13:1-10
 * Miserere nostri; Eccli 36: 1-16
 * Nunc dimittis; Lk 2:29-32
 * Vere tu es; Is 45: 15-26

The schema is: Psalm 94 (the Invitiatory) was recited every day at the beginning of Matins. With Lauds, there are two schemes. Lauds I were celebrated on all Sundays and ferias, except from Septuagesima until Palm Sunday inclusive, and on feasts celebrated at any time of the year. Lauds II, having a more penitential character, were used on the Sundays and ferias of Advent until the vigil of Christmas and from Septuagesima until Monday of Holy Week inclusive. They were also used on vigils of the second and third class outside of Paschaltide. When Lauds II were said, the omitted psalm was said as a fourth psalm at Prime, in order to include all 150 psalms each week during penitential seasons; on Sundays with Lauds II, the scheme became 92, 99, 118i, and 118ii. On feasts which used the Sunday psalms, 53, 118i, and 118ii were said at Prime. On Sundays after Epiphany and Pentecost, the Athanasian Creed was said fourth at Prime; it was omitted if a commemoration of a Double feast or of an octave occurred.

Schema of Pope Paul VI
In 1971 with the release of a new edition of the Divine Office under Pope Paul VI, the Liturgia Horarum, a new schema was introduced which distributed 147 of the 150 psalms across a four-week cycle. In addition to the three omitted psalms, some 59 verses of other psalms are removed along with parts of two verses. These omissions are intended to make the psalms easier to understand so that the Divine Office can better be prayed by the laity. The reduced psalmody resulting from dividing the psalter over 4 weeks instead of 1 is also intended to ease lay participation.

Although the psalter of the 2000 edition of the Liturgy of the Hours uses the translation of the Nova Vulgata, the numeration used is that of the older editions of the Vulgate, with the new numeration in parenthesis where it differs. For instance, the psalm beginning Dominus pascit me is numbered 22(23), and Venite exsultemus is numbered 94(95).

Because some of the psalms are so much longer than others, the longer psalms are divided into divisios, that is parts to be chanted separately. This follows the Benedictine practice and was introduced into the Roman Office widely by Pope Pius X. In the Pius V schema only Ps. 118 was divided into parts, and it was said throughout Prime, Terce, Sext, and None every day. These parts are labelled with Roman numerals. In particular, psalm 118(119) was divided into 22 parts, one for each letter of the Hebrew alphabet, which are labelled 118(119)i – 118(119)xxii. Most of the longer psalms were divided into 3 parts, labelled i – iii.

The psalmody of each of the hours of the day except compline contains three psalms or parts of psalms. Lauds contains a canticle of the Old Testament in place of the second psalm, and Vespers contains a canticle of the New Testament in place of the third psalm.

The Canticles
There are 34 canticles in the psalter and 3 in the ordinary. The three canticles in the ordinary are from the gospels. The 26 psalter canticles for Lauds are from the Old Testament. The 8 psalter canticles for Vespers are from the New Testament excluding the gospels. The texts of the canticles and the references given below are from the Nova Vulgata.

 * Alleluia;	Ap 19, 1-2. 5-7.
 * Audite caeli quae loquor;	Deut 32, 1-12
 * Audite qui longe estis;	Is 33,13-16
 * Audite verbum Domini gentes; Jer 31:10-14
 * Benedicite Dominum omnes electi;	Tob 13, 8-11. 13-14ab. 15-16ab.
 * Benedicite omnia opera Domini Domino;	Dan 3,57-88. 56
 * Benedictus Dominus;	Lc 1, 68-79
 * Benedictus Deus et Pater;	Eph 1, 3-10
 * Benedictus Deus vivens in aevum;	Tob 13,2-8
 * Benedictus es Domine Deus Israel;	1 Chr 29, 10-13
 * Benedictus es Domine Deus patrum nostrorum I;	Dan 3,26. 27. 39. 34-41
 * Benedictus es Domine Deus patrum nostrorum II;	Dan 3,52-57
 * Cantate Domino canticum novum;	Is 42, 10-16
 * Cantemus Domino;	Ex 15,1-4b. 8-13. 17-18
 * Christus Iesus;	Phil 2,6-11
 * Christus passus est pro vobis;	1 Petr 2,21-24
 * Confitebor tibi Domine;	Is 12,1-6
 * Deducant oculi mei lacrimam;	Ier 14,17-21
 * Deus patrum meorum;	Sap 9,1-6. 9-11
 * Dignus es;	Ap 4,11; 5,9.10.12
 * Domine audivi auditionem tuam;	Hab 3,2-4. 13a. 15-19
 * Ecce Dominus Deus in virtute venit;	Is 40,10-17
 * Ego dixi In dimidio dierum meorum;	Is 38,10-14. 17-20
 * Erit in novissimis diebus;	Is 2,2-5
 * Exsultavit cor meum in Domino;	1 Sam 2,1-10
 * Gaudens gaudebo in Domino;	Is 61,10 – 62,5
 * Gratias agamus Deo Patri;	Col 1,12-20
 * Gratias agimus tibi;	Ap 11,17-18; 12, 10b-12a
 * Incipite Deo meo in tympanis;	Iudt 16,1-2. 13-15
 * Laetamini;	Is 66,10-14a
 * Magna et mirabilia;	Ap 15,3-4
 * Magnificat;	Lc 1,46-55
 * Miserere nostri Deus omnium et respice nos;	Sir 36,1-7. 13-16
 * Nunc dimittis;	Lc 2,29-32
 * Tollam quippe vos de gentibus;	Ez 36,24-28
 * Urbs fortis nobis in salutem;	Is 26,1-4. 7-9. 12
 * Vere tu es Deus absconditus;	Is 45,15-25

Week 1
The first week of the psalter is used for the first week of Advent, the week beginning with the first Sunday falling on or after December 25, the weeks beginning on the first and fifth Sundays of Lent, the fifth week of Easter, and the 1st, 5th, 9th, 13th, 17th, 21st, 25th, 29th, and 33rd weeks of Ordinary Time.

Week 2
The second week of the psalter is used for the second week of Advent, the week beginning with the first Sunday falling on or after January 1, the weeks beginning on the second and sixth Sundays of Lent, the second and sixth weeks of Easter, and the 2nd, 6th, 10th, 14th, 18th, 22nd, 26th, 30th, and 34th weeks of Ordinary Time.

Week 3
The third week of the psalter is used for the third week of Advent, the week beginning on the third Sunday of Lent, the third and seventh weeks of Easter, and the 3rd, 7th, 11th, 15th, 19th, 23rd, 27th, and 31st weeks of Ordinary Time.

Week 4
The fourth week of the psalter is used for the fourth week of Advent, the days of Lent from Ash Wednesday until the following Saturday, the week beginning on the fourth Sunday of Lent, the fourth week of Easter, and the 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th, 20th, 24th, 28th, and 32nd weeks of Ordinary Time. If Christmas Day does not fall on a Saturday or Sunday, the fourth week of the psalter is used during Christmastide until the first Sunday of Christmas.

Missing psalms and verses
The psalms missing from this schema are 57(58), 82(83), and 108(109). The missing verses are:

 * 5,11
 * 20(21),9-13
 * 27(28),4-5
 * 30(31),18-19
 * 34(35),3a-3b. 4-8. 20-21. 24-26
 * 39(40),15-16
 * 53(54),7
 * 54(55),16
 * 55(56),7c-8
 * 58(59),6-9. 12-16
 * 62(63),10-12
 * 68(69),23-29
 * 78(79),6-7. 12
 * 109(110),6
 * 136(137),7-9
 * 138(139),19-22
 * 139(140),10-12
 * 140(141),10
 * 142(143),12

Although the Invitatory, i.e. psalm 94(95), is missing from the psalter, it is present in the ordinary and is thus chanted every day. Psalms 77(78), 104(105), and 105(106) are sung only during Advent, Christmas, Lent and Easter.

Psalterium Monasticum
The Psalterium Monasticum  is a book produced by the monks of Solesmes Abbey in 1981. In accordance with the Benedictine Thesaurus, it contains four cycles for the chanting of all 150 psalms.

 * Schema A is a one-week distribution which substantially follows the Rule of St Benedict and was produced for use in Benedictine monasteries.
 * Schema B ("Fueglister") is a one-week scheme repeats no psalms & that omits three psalms(52,69,107 LXX) that are largely or entirely repeated in other psalms
 * Schema C (Scheyern) is a two-week distribution
 * Schema D (Waddell) is a two-week distribution


text:
Saint Patrick County

Saint Patrick was a county in Trinidad and Tobago that occupied an area of 673 km2. It occupied the southwestern peninsula of the island of Trinidad, bounded by the Columbus Channel to the south, the Gulf of Paria to the west, and Victoria to the north. It included the towns of Point Fortin, La Brea, Siparia, Cedros, Fyzabad and Penal. Saint Patrick was divided into four Wards: Cedros, La Brea, Erin and Siparia.

Prior to 1990, local government was administered by the Saint Patrick County Council and the Point Fortin Borough Corporation. After 1990, areas formerly administered by the Saint Patrick County Council were divided between Penal–Debe Regional Corporation and Siparia Regional Corporation.

title: Saint Patrick County


text:
User:Mr Odeke

Odeke Emma Akol aka Mr Odeke(born May 14, 1996) is a Ugandan radio personality, television host, and producer. He is known for hosting the sports show and Entainerment shows, the syndicated countdown program Ugandan top 40, and sports updates on Goldradio -Mbale -FM morning radio show On Air with Mr. Odeke.[1][2][3]

In 2016 Odeke became co-host and to Blessed Amooti on GoldRadio in Mbale's Eve. Odeke remained a co-host and producer of the annual show in 2017.[4]

He began co-hosting Live with blessed Amooti and Odeke on a permanent basis May 1, 2017.[5]

Odeke received Emmy Award nominations for Eastern Uganda's best sports presenter from 2017 to 2019, and again in 2020. and was nominated again in 2020.[6] In 2018, Odeke received nominations for Live in Outstanding Talk Show Entertainment as well as Outstanding Entertainment Talk Show Host.[7][8] Contents

2.2 Radio hosting 2.3 Television producing 3 Fashion 5 Personal life 6 Credits 6.1 Radio 6.2 Film 6.3 Television Early life and education Mr. Odeke was born on May 14, 1996, in Kolir, Angangam,[9] the son of John Odeke, a homemaker.[10][11] His father served as an lc1 chairperson in Kolir village in Bukedea At age 14, he attended University link High School. At age 16, while still attending high school, Odeke won an internship at 99.4 Top  (FM), Okello John, who trained him in the many aspects of radio. When a regular DJ called in sick, Okeelo put him on the air for the very first show of his broadcasting career.[14]Odek was given the weekend overnight shift at Top Radio [13]

Odeke continued to work on air at Top until graduating from High in 2016.[15]Odeke went on to study journalism at the LIVINGSTONE  University in fall 2018. He continued his radio show at a local Soroti station. Odeke left the university at age 21 and moved to Hollywood to pursue his broadcasting career.[13]

In May 2019, Odeke was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from the Livingstone University of Uganda and gave the commencement speech at the graduation ceremony.[16][17][18 Career

Radio

Source[19] Year 	Show 	Role 2016–2020 	98.7 FM 	1pm to 4pm 2018 	Radio Music Awards 	co-host 2017, 2018–present 	On Air with Ryan Seacrest 	host, executive producer 2016–present 	GoldRadio sports Top 40 	host 2019–present 	102.1 Mama Bukedea-FM Bukedea 	Morning Drivetime Personality with co-host irene Presenter mama bukedea radio 	On-Air Personality and gold radio 95.8 mbale

title: User:Mr Odeke


text:
Talk:Dinah Cancer

Heroin Addiction
Did she start doing heroin before, while dating Nikki Sixx, or after? I'm currently reading The Dirt again and it briefly touches on them dating, and at this time Nikki was most junked out of his head. He pretty much got every chick around him hooked, just wondering if it was the same with Dinah?JanderVK (talk) 04:43, 12 April 2009 (UTC)

I mentioned your question to her, and she says Nikki wasn't into heroin (yet?) back when they dated. I have no independent citable source for wikipedia, but I'm guessing your question is just personal curiosity, anyway, so there's your answer. Roger Midnight (talk) 20:24, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

links
this link was dead when I tried it: Phoenix article on Dinah Cancer and the Grave Robbers If it doesn't work for others we should remove it.

I updated the link to the Dinah / Penis Flytrap article, it was only going to the OC weekly's main page, it now goes to the article.

Roger Midnight (talk) 13:02, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

Nikki Sixx
Did this actually happen? It is not cited and no mention of it is on nikki sixx's page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:07, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

I doubt any journalists have bothered to write about it, but she occasionally talks about it. I haven't seen any linkable articles about it; it's just trivia and I don't know why it was included on the page.

Roger Midnight (talk) 20:25, 10 November 2021 (UTC)

Mary Sims
I changed Mary Simms (2 m's) to Sims (1 m) as all sources I have seen spell her name that way. The OC Weekly article referenced at the bottom of the article spells her name that way. Her Facebook identity is Mary Sims Rosas Agnew, also spelling it with 1 m. I assume she knows how to spell her own name. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:22, 23 October 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Dinah Cancer


title: Wikipedia:Map data/Wikipedia KML/Illinois Route 138


text:
User:Jpcase/sandbox 2

Real Life is the first and only studio album released by American Christian pop and R&B artist R. J. Helton. It was released on March 23, 2004 by B-Rite Music, about a year-and-a-half after Helton placed fifth on the first season of American Idol. Helton co-wrote eight of the album's twelve tracks. Two singles were released from Real Life - "All We Need to Know" and "Even If". Ahead of the album's release, the track "My Devotion" was included on the 2003 compilation album Gotta Have Gospel.

Real Life received generally positive reviews, especially for Helton's vocals, and was lauded by Billboard as "one of the most arresting debuts in recent memory". It peaked at #14 on the Billboard Top Christian Albums chart and at #19 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart. "My Devotion" was nominated for Urban Recorded Song of the Year at the 36th Annual GMA Music Awards.

Background
It was reported that Helton had signed with B-Rite Music, the pop music imprint of GospoCentric Records, in May 2003, about a year after his fifth place finish on the first season of American Idol. Helton chose to sign with B-Rite Music over secular labels that had given him offers and explained, "I didn't want to sign with an all-mainstream label, because they weren't going to allow me to sing about my faith and sing about relationships. [Labels were saying, 'It's] one or the other. If you are going to do love, do love. If you are going to do God, do God.' But in meeting with B-Rite, I let them know my goals and visions, and they were behind me 100%." Shortly after the record deal was announced, Billboard reported that Helton's album would feature "an inspirational gospel feel and mainstream appeal". Helton cited Kirk Franklin, who is also signed to B-Rite Music, as the main reason that he signed with the label, expressing the view that Franklin had succeeded in reaching both Christian and mainstream audiences.

Content
Real Life includes twelve tracks, and Helton is credited as a co-writer on eight of the tracks. The album was produced by Andy Duncan, Bernie Herms, Michael Carney, Phil Sillas, Reed Vertelney, Sam Mizell, Shaun Shankel, and Tommy Sims. Duncan, Herms, Carney, Mizell, and Shankel all received writing credits on the album as well. GospoCentric Records founders Claude Lataillade and Vicki Mack Lataillade served as executive producers of the album, along with Monica Bacon. Helton spent about eight months working on Real Life. He said of his experience with GospoCentric Records, "They allowed me to be myself. Not many new artists get to write as much as I got to. It's a very honest record and completely from my heart."

Ahead of Real Life 's release, Aliah D. Wright of Gannett News Service described Real Life as "a blend of R&B ballads, up-tempo numbers and inspirational tunes" and wrote that Helton would be "targeting mainstream, urban, pop, gospel and Christian radio formats." Helton said, "I wanted to make something that different types of people would listen to. I love every type of music, from country to rock to rap to R&B to hip-hop. I wanted to add all of that in one CD." He further explained that the album focuses on a range of topics and is not exclusively spiritual in its focus, saying, "[B-Rite Music] understood that I wanted to sing about my faith, but also other things that were on my heart…love songs, and songs that deal with day-to-day issues as I see and live them."

"There are songs on Real Life that are very straightforwardly Christian in their content and message, but I don't think it does any good to try to force anything on anyone. This is not what you would call an 'evangelistic' album. I want to make positive, uplifting music for everyone, and I think Real Life is the perfect mix of all of those elements."

- RJ Helton

Helton co-wrote the album's lead single, "All We Need to Know", with Natalie Grant, whom he named as one of his primary musical influences. The song was described by Helton's official website as a "ballad laid atop steady percussion...expressing the comfort of faith in God." The album's second single, "Even If", was described as having "a slow, insinuating, funky groove" by the same website, which described "Crazy" and "Why Don't We Pray" as, respectively, "an unabashed love song" and "in-your-face, hip-hop".

Helton sings in Spanish on "Canto de Amor", although according to the Barrie Examiner, he was not fluent in the language.

Release and promotion
Shortly after Helton signed with B-Rite Music, Billboard reported that his album was scheduled for a Fall 2003 release. In January 2004, The Christian Post reported that the album's release date had been moved to March 9, 2004. After another delay, the album was released on March 23, 2004.

Real Life was marketed to both mainstream and Christian music markets. B-Rite Music handled distribution to Christian markets, while Jive/BMG handled distribution to mainstream markets. B-Rite Music received additional assistance in releasing the album from Provident Distribution.

Ahead of Real Life 's release, "My Devotion" was included on the compilation album Gotta Have Gospel, which was released on November 11, 2003 as a collaboration between GospoCentric Records and Integrity Gospel. According to Billboard, "My Devotion" was "played in clubs in the United States" and "became a hit in the United Kingdom."

Helton toured in support of Real Life over the Summer of 2004. According to his official website, he made promotional appearances that summer at the Atlantic Music Conference, Sea World San Diego, and Six Flags Over Georgia. He also appeared on Life Today in April 2004 and PrimeTime Live in May of that year. He joined Kirk Franklin on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno around the time of Real Life 's release. A profile of Helton was published as the cover story of the January/February 2004 issue of Christianity Today 's teen-focused magazine Campus Life.

Singles
"All We Need to Know" was released as Real Life 's lead single. Gannett News Service reported the week of the Real Life 's release that "All We Need to Know" had "quickly been added to the playlists of some contemporary Christian radio stations." "Even If" was released as the album's second single. Billboard reported in March 2004 that "Even If" was the album's "first single going to mainstream AC, Christian AC and top 40 radio" and that B-Rite Music was planning to release "an as-yet-undetermined single to gospel radio."

Reception
Real Life received generally positive reviews. It was highly acclaimed by Gordon Ely of Billboard, who called it "one of the most arresting debuts in recent memory". Writing that Helton "proves himself a deft artist and songwriter" on the album, he singled out the two singles "All We Need to Know" and "Even If", along with "My Devotion", as "stirring statements of faith" and wrote, "priceless hooks abound on a number of songs". He wrote that the album's instrumentation "provides a perfectly spare but striking canvas for Helton", whose vocals he highly praised.

"He "paints" with the full range of his impressive vocal chops and multi-octave range, including a shimmering falsetto, which he uses with often thrilling effect...Real Life heralds the arrival of a major new talent."

- Gordon Ely

David Jenison of CCM Magazine gave Real Life a B and called it "a debut even Simon Cowell would praise." Appreciating the album's mixture of hip-hop, neo-soul, urban dance, and R&B balladry, Jenison felt that Helton's vocals were best showcased on the ballads, writing that "such moments seem magical", but felt that the album was "most compelling on upbeat numbers like the quirky, beat-driven 'Crazy' and the dance floor-kindling 'Freedom'." He praised Helton's vocals as energetic and purposeful, while writing, "Real Life flexes an attitude without seeming cocky and boasts an artistic edge that doesn't drown out the clear spiritual overtones."

Russ Breimeier of Christianity Today gave Real Life three-and-a-half stars out of five. Praising its production as "first rate" and Helton's vocals as "likeably soulful", he described the album as "probably better than you would expect" and compared it to music from Jaci Velasquez, Justin Timberlake, Daniel Bedingfield, Jody McBrayer, and Freddie Colloca. While he felt that Helton's songwriting was "sometimes generic" and described the album as "certainly not something I'd recommend to anyone bored to tears with the predictable music of AC radio", he complimented Helton for creating a more distinctive album than most other American Idol finalists of the time, writing, "let's give credit where it's due. This could have easily been a collection of cliché-ridden pop songs written by the usual tunesmiths in the industry. Instead, Helton has wisely contributed to the songwriting process, personalizing his material...at least its his." Breimeier called "All We Need to Know" the album's highlight, describing the song as "a soaring pop ballad in the tradition of American Idol, Clay Crosse and Greg Long." He also singled out "Delicate Child" as "another strong ballad".

Daniel Hames of Cross Rhythms gave Real Life six stars out of ten. He called it unoriginal "pop for the masses" but was complimentary of the album's "smooth pop/R&B grooves", which he compared to the music of Blue and wrote "it's clear to see [Real Life] is delivered with quality. AllMusic gave Real Life three stars out of five but did not publish a review for the album. The Barrie Examiner described Real Life as "a mostly predictable pop CD" that was "heavily produced by myriad producers" and compared the album's ballads to those of Clay Aiken. The publication also wrote that Helton has "a solid crooning voice". Jon Bream of the Star Tribune wrote that Real Life "sounds more like generic boy-band than meaningful gospel."

Commercial Performance
Real Life debuted at #14 on the Billboard Top Christian Albums chart and at #19 on the Heatseekers Albums chart. It sold 9,000 copies in its first month, which USA Today described as "a respectable start for a Christian-themed release."

Accolades
"My Devotion" was nominated for Urban Recorded Song of the Year at the 36th Annual GMA Music Awards.

title: User:Jpcase/sandbox 2


text:
User:On a few things

HYUNDAI SCOOP I WAS PLAY ROBLOX AND IT WON'T ME PLAY XDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD÷VFV

title: User:On a few things


text:
User:Gcook11jhu/sandbox

Bayh–Dole Act: there is no mention of the Bayh-Dole Act as a model for similar legislation outside of the US, so that would be a good area to improve.

Craig Venter: article says "This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view" at the top of the page.

Charles Frederick Burgess: article is very short, has a lot of room for addition/improvement.

title: User:Gcook11jhu/sandbox


text:
zabernism

Etymology
From the German name for Saverne, a town in Alsace. Originated from an incident in 1913 involving an overzealous soldier who wounded a cobbler for laughing at him, ultimately triggering an intervention from the army who took over the power from local authorities.

Noun

 * 1)  The misuse or abuse of military authority; bullying.

title: zabernism


text:
stand up against

Verb

 * 1) To defy or challenge someone
 * 2) * 2000, The Bible (World English). Daniel 11.14
 * In those times there shall many stand up against the king of the south: also the children of the violent among your people shall lift themselves up to establish the vision; but they shall fall.

Translations

 * Egyptian:
 * Esperanto: kontraŭstari

title: stand up against


text:
Talk:Maciej Zembaty

Untitled
Is he an artist? Xx236 09:35, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes he is. How else would you call a guy who writes songs and poems, sings, translates, writes books, draws sketches and such, performs on stage and in the TV and radio, and does pretty everything that is commonly associated with art?  // Halibutt 11:56, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

In Polish yes, but I'm asking about English. Xx236 06:24, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

WP Biography Rating
It is no longer possible to comment on ratings due to a backlog. Please put any comments/questions on my talk page. GDon4t0 16:24, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Born in...?
Maciej Zembaty (born 1944 in Tarnów) is a... Maciej Zembaty was born May 16, 1944 in Wadowice in southern Poland... (FYI Wadowice is some 150km away from Tarnow) Could someone clarify? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:16, 6 October 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Maciej Zembaty


text:
Statistics/Distributions/Binomial

Where the Bernoulli Distribution asks the question of "Will this single event succeed?" the Binomial is associated with the question "Out of a given number of trials, how many will succeed?" Some example questions that are modeled with a Binomial distribution are:

 * Out of ten tosses, how many times will this coin land heads?
 * From the children born in a given hospital on a given day, how many of them will be girls?
 * How many students in a given classroom will have green eyes?
 * How many mosquitos, out of a swarm, will die when sprayed with insecticide?

The relation between the Bernoulli and binomial distributions is intuitive: The binomial distribution is composed of multiple Bernoulli trials. We conduct $$n$$ repeated experiments where the probability of success is given by the parameter $$p$$ and add up the number of successes. This number of successes is represented by the random variable X. The value of X is then between 0 and $$n$$.

When a random variable X has a binomial distribution with parameters $$p$$ and $$n$$ we write it as X ~ Bin(n,p) or X ~ B(n,p) and the probability mass function is given by the equation:

 * $$ P\left[X = k\right] = \begin{cases} {n \choose k} p^k \left(1-p\right)^{n-k}\ & 0 \le k \le n \\ 0 & \mbox{otherwise} \end{cases} \quad 0 \leq p \leq 1, \quad n \in \mathbb{N}$$

where $${n \choose k}={n! \over k!(n-k)!}$$

For a refresher on factorials (n!), go back to the Refresher Course earlier in this wiki book.

An example
Let's walk through a simple example of the binomial distribution. We're going to use some pretty small numbers because factorials can be hard to compute. We are going to ask five random people if they believe there is life on other planets. We are going to assume in this example that we know 30% of people believe this to be true. We want to ask the question: "How many people will say they believe in extraterrestrial life?" Actually, we want to be more specific than that: "What is the probability that exactly 2 people will say they believe in extraterrestrial life?"

We know all the values that we need to plug into the equation. The number of people asked, n=5. The probability of any given person answering "yes", p=0.3. (Remember, I said that 30% of people believe in life on other planets!) Finally, we're asking for the probability that exactly 2 people answer "yes" so k=2. This yields the equation:

 * $$ P \left[X = 2 \right] = {5 \choose 2} \cdot {{0.3^2 \cdot} {\left( 1 - 0.3 \right)^{3}}} = {10} \cdot {{0.3^2} \cdot {\left( 1-0.3 \right)^{3}}} = 0.3087$$ since $${5 \choose 2}={5! \over 2! \cdot 3!}={5 \cdot 4 \cdot 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 1 \over (2 \cdot 1) \cdot (3 \cdot 2 \cdot 1)}={120 \over 12}=10$$

Here are the probabilities for all the possible values of X. You can get these values by replacing the k=2 in the above equation with all values from 0 to 5.

What can we learn from these results? Well, first of all we'll see that it's just a little more likely that only one person will confess to believing in life on other planets. There's a distinct chance (about 17%) that nobody will believe it, and there's only a 0.24% (a little over 2 in 1000) that all five people will be believers.

Explanation of the equation
Take the above example. Let's consider each of the five people one by one.

The probability that any one person believes in extraterrestrial life is 30%, or 0.3. So the probability that any two people both believe in extraterrestrial life is 0.3 squared. Similarly, the probability that any one person does not believe in extraterrestrial life is 70%, or 0.7, so the probability that any three people do not believe in extraterrestrial life is 0.7 cubed.

Now, for two out of five people to believe in extraterrestrial life, two conditions must be satisfied: two people believe in extraterrestrial life, and three do not. The probability of two out of five people believing in extraterrestrial life would thus appear to be 0.3 squared (two believers) times 0.7 cubed (three non-believers), or 0.03087.

However, in doing this, we are only considering the case whereby the first two selected people are believers. How do we consider cases such as that in which the third and fifth people are believers, which would also mean a total of two believers out of five?

The answer lies in combinatorics. Bearing in mind that the probability that the first two out of five people believe in extraterrestrial life is 0.03087, we note that there are C(5,2), or 10, ways of selecting a set of two people from out of a set of five, i.e. there are ten ways of considering two people out of the five to be the "first two". This is why we multiply by C(n,k). The probability of having any two of the five people be believers is ten times 0.03087, or 0.3087.

feruzi
The mean can be derived as follow.
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X] = \sum_i f(x_i) \cdot x_i = \sum_{x=0}^n {n \choose x} p^x \left(1-p\right)^{n-x} \cdot x$$
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X] = \sum_{x=0}^n {n! \over x!(n-x)!} p^x \left(1-p\right)^{n-x} x$$
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X] = {n! \over 0!(n-0)!} p^0 \left(1-p\right)^{n-0} \cdot 0 + \sum_{x=1}^n {n! \over x!(n-x)!} p^x \left(1-p\right)^{n-x} x$$
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X] = 0 + \sum_{x=1}^n {n(n-1)! \over x(x-1)!(n-x)!} p \cdot p^{x-1} \left(1-p\right)^{n-x} x$$
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X] = np\sum_{x=1}^n {(n-1)! \over (x-1)!(n-x)!} p^{x-1} \left(1-p\right)^{n-x}$$

Now let w=x-1 and m=n-1. We see that m-w=n-x. We can now rewrite the summation as
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X] = np \left[\sum_{w=0}^m {m! \over w!(m-w)!} p^{w} \left(1-p\right)^{m-w}\right]$$

We now see that the summation is the sum over the complete pmf of a binomial random variable distributed Bin(m, p). This is equal to 1 (and can be easily verified using the Binomial theorem). Therefore, we have
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X] = np \left[1\right]=np$$

Variance
We derive the variance using the following formula:

 * $$\operatorname{Var}[X] = \operatorname{E}[X^2] - (\operatorname{E}[X])^2.$$

We have already calculated E[X] above, so now we will calculate E[X2] and then return to this variance formula:

 * $$\operatorname{E}[X^2] = \sum_i f(x_i) \cdot x^2

= \sum_{x=0}^n x^2 \cdot {n\choose x}p^x(1-p)^{n-x}.$$

We can use our experience gained above in deriving the mean. We use the same definitions of m and w.

 * $$\operatorname{E}[X^2] = \sum_{x=0}^n {n! \over x!(n-x)!} p^x \left(1-p\right)^{n-x} x^2$$

 * $$\operatorname{E}[X^2] = 0 + \sum_{x=1}^n {n! \over x!(n-x)!} p^x \left(1-p\right)^{n-x} x^2$$

 * $$\operatorname{E}[X^2] = np\sum_{x=1}^n {(n-1)! \over (x-1)!(n-x)!} p^{x-1} \left(1-p\right)^{n-x}x$$

 * $$\operatorname{E}[X^2] = np \sum_{w=0}^m {m\choose w} p^{w} \left(1-p\right)^{m-w}(w+1)$$
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X^2] = np \left[\sum_{w=0}^m {m\choose w} p^{w} \left(1-p\right)^{m-w}w+\sum_{w=0}^m {m\choose w} p^{w} \left(1-p\right)^{m-w} \right] $$

The first sum is identical in form to the one we calculated in the Mean (above). It sums to mp. The second sum is 1.

 * $$\operatorname{E}[X^2] = np \cdot ( mp + 1) = np((n-1)p + 1) = np(np - p + 1).$$

Using this result in the expression for the variance, along with the Mean (E(X) = np), we get

 * $$\operatorname{Var}(X) = \operatorname{E}[X^2] - (\operatorname{E}[X])^2 = np(np - p + 1) - (np)^2 = np(1-p).$$

title: Statistics/Distributions/Binomial


text:
Trigonometry/Geometric Definitions of Trig Functions

Geometrically defining tangent
In the previous section, we algebraically defined tangent as $$\displaystyle\tan\theta=\frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta}$$, and this is the definition that we will use most in the future. It can, however, be helpful to understand the tangent function from a geometric perspective.

A line is drawn at a tangent to the unit circle: (i.e. $$x = 1$$). Another line is drawn from the point on the radius of the circle where the given angle falls, through the origin(O), to a point (Q) on the drawn tangent. The ordinate (QP) of this point is called the tangent of the angle.

The slope of the line OQ = $$\frac {KC}{OC}$$ and as we mentioned before

KC = sin(θ) , OC = cos(θ)

Hence, the Slope of the line OQ = $$\frac {\sin(\theta)}{\cos(\theta)}$$

and also the slope of OQ = $$\frac {QP}{OP}$$ = $$\frac {QP}{1}$$ = $$\frac {\tan(\theta)}{1}$$ = tan(θ)

Hence, we can deduce that tan(θ) = $$\frac {KC}{OC}$$ = $$\frac {\sin(\theta)}{\cos(\theta)}$$ = QP = the ordinate of the point Q = the slope of OQ

Domain and range of circular functions
Any size angle, positive or negative, can be the input to sine or cosine — the result will be as if the largest multiple of 2π (or 360°) were subtracted from or added to the angle. The output of the two functions is limited by the absolute value of the radius of the unit circle, $$|1|$$.

$$ \begin{matrix} & \mathrm{domain}&\mathrm{range} \\ \mathrm{sine} & \mathbb{R} & [-1,1] \\ \mathrm{cosine} & \mathbb{R} & [-1,1] \\ \end{matrix} $$

R represents the set of all real numbers.

No such restrictions apply to the tangent, however, as can be seen in the diagram in the preceding section. The only restriction on the domain of tangent is that odd integer multiples of $$\frac{\pi}{2}$$ are undefined, as a line parallel to the tangent will never intersect it.

$$ \begin{matrix} & \mathrm{domain}&\mathrm{range} \\ \mathrm{tangent} & \mathbb{R} \setminus \left \{ \cdots,-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{3\pi}{2},\frac{5\pi}{2},\cdots \right \} & \mathbb{R} \\ \end{matrix} $$

for a deep understanding of trigonometric functions explore this Applet

Applying the trigonometric functions to a right-angled triangle
If you redefine the variables as follows to correspond to the sides of a right triangle:

• x = a (adjacent) • y = o (opposite) • a = h (hypotenuse)

Next Page: Right Angle Trigonometry

Previous Page: The unit circle

Home: Trigonometry

Matemática elementar/Trigonometria/Razões trigonométricas na circunferência


text:
1999 Prokom Polish Open

The 1999 Prokom Polish Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Sopot, Poland that was part of the Tier III category of the 1999 WTA Tour. It was the second edition of the Prokom Polish Open and took place from 12 July until 18 July 1999. Third-seeded Conchita Martínez won the singles title and earned $27,000 first-prize money.

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
 * 🇵🇱 Aleksandra Olsza
 * 🇵🇱 Anna Żarska
 * 🇵🇱 Magdalena Grzybowska

The following players received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
 * 🇵🇱 Magdalena Grzybowska / 🇫🇷 Amélie Cocheteux

The following players received entry from the singles qualifying draw:

 * 🇪🇸 Eva Bes
 * 🇸🇰 Ľudmila Cervanová
 * Sandra Naćuk
 * Jelena Kostanić

The following players received entry from the doubles qualifying draw:

 * 🇪🇸 Gala León García / 🇪🇸 María Sánchez Lorenzo

Singles
🇪🇸 Conchita Martínez defeated 🇸🇰 Karina Habšudová, 6–1, 6–1
 * It was Martínez's 31st singles career title and her only in 1999.

Doubles
🇦🇷 Laura Montalvo / 🇦🇷 Paola Suárez defeated 🇪🇸 Gala León García / 🇪🇸 María Sánchez Lorenzo, 6–4, 6–3

title: 1999 Prokom Polish Open


text:
User:Ndcroos/Exact real arithmetic

In computer science and numerical computing, exact real arithmetic is way to implement real numbers on computers. It is an alternative to limited precision arithmetic.

Introduction
floating-point arithmetic round-off errors.

interval analysis

continued fraction

möbius transformation

Data representation

Arithmetic operations

Comparisons

Foundations

History
computability theory

Computable function Church Turing

Computable number, also called recursive, representable or constructive

representation: cauchy sequence, dedekind cut, interval, continued fraction

Dana Scott proposed interval domains domain theory 1970

PCF

Implementations
The implementations differ on the programming paradigm used (e.g. functional or object oriented), lazy or eager evaluation, efficiency.(irram18)

title: User:Ndcroos/Exact real arithmetic


text:
Talk:Adam Wool

External links modified
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title: Talk:Adam Wool


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Category:University of Montevideo alumni

Alumni of the University of Montevideo (Universidad de Montevideo, UM), established 1986.

Note: the denomination "Universidad de Montevideo" was previously used for the current University of the Republic.


text:
Cardinals created by Paul VI

Pope Paul VI ((r. 1963 – 1978)) created 143 cardinals in six consistories. His predecessor Pope John XXIII had disregarded the centuries-long tradition that limited the College of Cardinals to seventy members, increasing its size to as high as 88 in 1961. Paul continued this practice, and with his appointments the College grew to 103 in 1965, 118 in 1967, 134 in 1969. He then instituted a new rule that diminished the significance of the size of the College. In November 1970 he announced that as of 1 January 1971 only a cardinal who had not yet reached his 80th birthday would be allowed to enter a conclave. When the 1973 consistory increased the size of the College to 145, the number of those under 80 who constituted the cardinal electors was 117. In 1975, he set the maximum number of cardinal electors at 120. Each of his later consistories in 1976 and 1977 brought the number of electors to the full complement of 120.

Three of those Paul named a cardinal became pope, Pope John Paul I, Pope John Paul II, and Pope Benedict XVI, who was the last survivor of the cardinals whom Paul named. Among the others he made cardinal were the first from Benin (Gantin), the Dominican Republic (Beras Rojas), Indonesia (Darmojuwono), Madagascar (Rakotomalala), Nigeria (Ekandem), Senegal (Thiandoum), Sri Lanka (Cooray), Switzerland (Journet), and Vietnam (Trịnh).

22 February 1965
When Paul VI added members to the College for the first time, he increased its numbers from 76 to 103, raising the number of Italians from 26 to 32. The 27 he named included the first cardinal from Sri Lanka and Switzerland, the second black African, and three Eastern Rite Patriarchs. He assigned the patriarchs to the College's highest rank, cardinal bishop, which was previously reserved to six cardinals assigned as bishops of sees near Rome. He said that the growth of the College did not suggest a lesser role for the world's bishops, but reflected the fact that "The proportions of the Church are no longer those of the 16th century".

The ceremonies were reduced from four to two, though still scheduled to extend over four days. At the second, public ceremony, the pope and the new cardinals concelebrated Mass for the first time on such an occasion and Paul, after addressing them briefly in Latin, spoke in Italian "because it is easier for us" and then in French, English, German, and Spanish. The language of the rite was adapted slightly for the patriarchs, and the new cardinals did not demonstrate their obedience by prostrating themselves at the pope's feet. Before the consistory, the Vatican restricted the use of silk in cardinals' attire.

Pope Paul created 27 cardinals on 22 February: the three patriarchs joined the order of cardinal bishops, twenty became cardinal priests, and four cardinal deacons. The patriarchs' relationship to their sees remained unchanged. On 25 February he assigned the others their titles and deaconries, except for Herrera Oria, who received his red biretta from Spain's Francisco Franco on 1 March and then his titular church assignment from Pope Paul on 26 March.

26 June 1967
Pope Paul announced the names of 27 new cardinals on 29 May 1967, and the consistory that followed increased the College from 93 to 118 members, a new high. Twenty were European, including 12 Italians. He again simplified the cardinals' attire and reduced the number of their attendants, but reorganized the ceremonies into three events.

On 26 June Pope Paul created 23 cardinals of the order of cardinal priests and four cardinal deacons. Some 24 of the 27 assembled in the Pius XII auditorium and there received notes that Paul had named them in the closed ceremony. Pope Paul gave 24 of them their titular assignments and deaconries on 29 June. The other three, papal nuncios to Italy (Grano), Portugal (Fürstenberg), and Spain (Riberi), followed the custom of receiving their notices and their red birettas from the head of the government to which they were posted. Pope Paul gave them their birettas and titular churches on 15 July.

28 April 1969
On 29 March 1969, Pope Paul announced he would increase the size of the College to 134 at a consistory on 28 April. He named 33 new cardinals from 19 countries, the largest group of new cardinals ever created at a consistory until then (later surpassed when John Paul II created 44 cardinals in 2001), and withheld the names of two more. As part of three ceremonies, a new procedure required each to swear an oath of secrecy to "not divulge to their damage or discredit the councils entrusted to me, either directly or indirectly, without the consent of the Holy See".

On 28 April 1969, Pope Paul created 24 cardinals of the order of cardinal priests and nine of the order of cardinal deacons. On 30 April he gave them their red birettas and assigned their titular churches and deaconries. Of the two cardinals he created in pectore, he revealed the name of Štěpán Trochta on 5 March 1973, and at the same time he announced that the other was Iuliu Hossu of Rumania, who died in 1970 without being recognized as a cardinal.

5 March 1973
On 2 February 1973, Pope Paul released the names of thirty new cardinals from 17 countries. The consistory on 5 March brought the number of cardinals to 145, with 117 young enough to serve as cardinal electors. The College had never been larger before, but the size of 145 would regularly be surpassed from 1985 on. The Vatican announced on 12 February that the ceremonies for creating cardinals would be simplied and shortened. Each cardinal's red hat would be delivered by messenger, not ceremoniously imposed by the pope.

At the consistory on 5 March, a one-day ceremony that replaced a series of ceremonies spread across five days, Pope Paul created 24 cardinals of the order of cardinal priests and six of the order of cardinal priests. He gave red birettas and titular church and deaconry assignments to the 29 who were present, all but Jubany Arnau whose health prevented him from attending. He revealed the names of two prelates he had made cardinals in pectore in 1969: Stepan Trochta of Czechoslovakia and Iuliu Hossu of Rumania, who died in 1970. He discussed plans to modify procedures for papal elections, as he later did by limiting the number of electors to 120. He mentioned other ideas he never implemented like adding as voters the patriarchs of the Eastern Rite churches even if not cardinals and allowing the leadership of the Synod of Bishops to participate as electors.

24 May 1976
On 27 April 1976, Pope Paul announced plan to create 19 cardinals on 24 May 1976. He said he was not announcing the names of two more he would make cardinals in pectore. In the event, Trin Nhu Khue, Archbishop of Hanoi, was able to attend the ceremony, leaving only one name secret. On 24 May Pope Paul created twenty cardinals, assigning titular churches to fourteen cardinal priests and deaconries to six cardinal deacons.

The appointments brought the number of cardinal electors to 120 and number of cardinals to 137. He had set the maximum number of electors at 120 in October 1975 in Romano Pontifici eligendo.

27 June 1977
On 2 June 1977, Pope Paul announced that he would create four new cardinals on 27 June. On 27 June Pope Paul created these four cardinals and announced the name of Tomášek, created in pectore a year earlier. Four of the five were assigned their titular churches and Gantin his deaconry. All were young enough to serve as papal electors. This brought the membership of the College of Cardinals to 137 and the number of cardinal electors up to the limit of 120. By one account, this "mini-consistory" was held principally for Benelli, who was being made Archbishop of Florence after ten years as Substitute at the Secretariat of State. Paul himself, at a similar stage of a similar career, had been appointed Archbishop of Milan in 1954 but not made a cardinal by Pius XII. This treatment of Benelli prompted speculation that Paul was designating him his successor or preparing to retire when he reached 80 later in the year.

title: Cardinals created by Paul VI


text:
Tokuo Yamamoto

Tokuo Yamamoto (1905 – 1994) was a Japanese painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

title: Tokuo Yamamoto


text:
nudum pactum

Etymology
From, the neuter form of +.

Noun

 * 1)  In common law, a promise that is not legally enforceable due to lack of consideration.

title: nudum pactum


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Arrowhawk

The result was delete. Yunshui 雲 水 10:38, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

Arrowhawk

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Completely un-notable fictional creature. There are no non-primary sources being used in the article, and I have found nothing significant showing any sort of real world notability upon searches. There are a handful of other things bearing the same name, such a a novel and a former hedge fund group, but they have no relation to this creature. Rorshacma (talk) 05:59, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Fictional elements-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 06:56, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Video games-related deletion discussions.  CASSIOPEIA(talk) 10:49, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Keep or merge to List of Dungeons & Dragons 3rd edition monsters. BOZ (talk) 12:09, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note that the proposed target for the merge is also being considered for deletion. Not a very active user (talk) 10:19, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete Appears to be totally non-notable and a minor fictional animal.ZXCVBNM (TALK) 14:40, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete - The character is not notable enough for its own page. — Kstone999 (talk) 13:49, 26 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete - article just doesn't seem to pass WP:GNG. Videogameplayer99 (talk) 02:43, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete - Non-notable topic with no potential whatsoever. TTN (talk) 18:12, 29 September 2019 (UTC)


text:
TARIC code

The TARIC code (TARif Intégré Communautaire; Integrated Tariff of the European Communities) is designed to show the various rules applying to specific products when imported into the EU. This includes the provisions of the harmonised system and the combined nomenclature but also additional provisions specified in Community legislation such as tariff suspensions, tariff quotas and tariff preferences, which exist for the majority of the Community’s trading partners. In trade with third countries, the 10-digit Taric code must be used in customs and statistical declarations.

Challenges in classification for companies
A proper classification can save huge amount of money for the company, which is why nowadays importers and exporters strive to find a perfect way to solve those problems:
 * 1) Variety of products  Companies who do import and export meet challenges of how to classify products with the growing varieties of products. Classification and restrictions, to some extent, has a bad effect on free trading and growing of business.
 * 2) Risk of loss caused by difference in classification  Firstly, the proper classification of your item is essential to determine any licensing requirements under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), EU Dual Use Regulation 428/2009. And subsequently exporters and importers need to be aware of how to classify the products accordingly and which category should be classified to. And finally they may be required to obtain a license.  A slight difference in classification can mean a huge difference in the duties that are paid.

Overview
TARIC builds upon the international harmonised system

title: TARIC code


text:
Canadian Tort Law/Negligence

Introduction
Perhaps no development in common law has had quite as great an impact as the case ofDonoghue  v. Stevenson, [1932 A.C. 562]. In this, a woman from Glasgow became ill after drinking an opaque bottle of ginger beer. She claimed that the remains of a decomposed snail were found in the bottle. She sued the bottling company.

Before this case, the idea that a plaintiff could sue someone with whom one had no contract and who had not directly committed the harm to the victim was not recognized in common law. However, in this decision of the House of Lords, Lord Atkin set out the principle, known as the "Neighbour Principle" or the "Duty of Care":

 * At present I content myself with pointing out that in English law there must be, and is, some general conception of relations giving rise to a duty of care, of which the particular cases found in the books are but instances. The liability for negligence, whether you style it such or treat it as in other systems as a species of culpa, is no doubt based upon a general public sentiment of moral wrongdoing for which the offender must pay. But acts or omissions which any moral code would censure cannot in a practical world be treated so as to give a right to every person injured by them to demand relief. In this way rules of law arise which limit the range of complainants and the extent of their remedy. The rule that you are to love your neighbour becomes in law, you must not injure your neighbour; and the lawyer's question, Who is my neighbour ? receives a restricted reply. You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour. Who, then, in law is my neighbour ? The answer seems to be - persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called in question.
 * Donoghue v. Stevenson, [1932] A.C. 562 at 580.

Duty of care
There can be no legal accountability of a person's actions without a duty being imposed upon them. As first established in Donoghue v. Stevenson, an obligation can be imposed upon people whose actions can foreseeably harm others.

Reliance
Reasonable reliance, refers to when individuals refer to the information provided by professionals for another purpose. In those cases, the fiduciary duty set for a professional is limited in that the information provided was not used for what was intended by the professional, even if it caused harm and was wrong.

Standard of care
All negligent tort actions focus on the issue what the standard of care was and whether the defendant fell below that standard. The standard is judged in relation to the "reasonable person" and whether the defendant acted in the same manner as any rational person in society would.

This standard is very ephemeral and does not provide a clear or objective criteria for judging. The standard changes depending on the assumed knowledge and experience of the defendant; for example, a professional will be held to a higher level than a normal person.

Moreover the level of risk involved plays a major role in establishing the standard of care. The likelihood of harm resulting from the actions as well as the level of forseeability of harm are taken into account. In Bolton v. Stone H.L. [1951] the defendant was playing cricket and hit to ball out into the stands where it hit the plaintiff. The judge ruled that since the ball had only been hit that far about six times in 30 years there was very little likelihood of it happening, meaning the risk was very low, thus could not attribute negligence.

Causation
As with each other element of a tort, causation must be shown for a successful action. The Supreme Court in Snell v. Farrell (1990) described causation as "an expression of the relationship that must be found to exist between the tortious act of the wrongdoer and the injury to the victim in order to justify compensation of the latter out of the pocket of the former."

Remoteness - Limits to Liability
The remoteness factor - sometimes called proximate cause - in a tort action is said to be the most confusing and inconsistent of all. The case law has a very spotty history and is known for not always being consistently applied.

Type of injury
Physical Harm Emotional Harm Psychiatric Harm Economic Loss - Pure Economic Loss - Consequential Economic Loss - Relational Economic Loss

Further Readings

 * Donoghue  v. Stevenson, [1932 A.C. 562]

title: Canadian Tort Law/Negligence


text:
Álvaro Muñiz

Álvaro Muñiz Cegarra (born 7 September 1988) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Spanish club Langreo, as a midfielder.

title: Álvaro Muñiz


text:
Blohm & Voss P 203

The Blohm & Voss P 203 was a design project for a heavy fighter during World War II. Capable of filling the roles of night fighter, light bomber and ground-attack, it had mixed propulsion, having both piston engine driven propellers and jet engines.

Design
The P 203 was conceived by Blohm & Voss as a multi-role fighter-bomber, using mixed powerplants in an otherwise conventional layout. At that time jet engines could provide a high maximum speed but were unreliable and suffered poor thrust at low speeds, on the other hand conventional propellers provided good thrust at low-to-medium speeds but struggled as speeds increased. By using both kinds of powerplant, excellent performance across the whole speed range could be achieved. The P 203 was to carry two of each.

The fuselage was of broadly conventional layout, having a two-crew cabin at the front, a bomb bay underneath the centre and a conventional tail with remote rear gun barbette.

The mid-mounted wing was straight and of two different, untapered sections. The inboard sections had a deep chord front to back and were thick enough to house the main landing gear. They ended at wing-mounted nacelles which housed the powerplants. BMW 801J radial piston engines at the front drove twin propellers in the ordinary manner, while slung below and behind each of these and faired into the nacelle was a jet engine. Three versions were studied, each having a different type of jet engine; the P 203.01 had Heinkel-Hirth HeS 011A engines, the P 203.02 a Junkers Jumo variant and the P 203.03 a BMW type. Outboard of the nacelles were thinner and shallower, lower-drag outer wing sections.

Besides the tail barbette, additional armament was housed in the nose.

Also unusual for the era was a tricycle undercarriage arrangement, with a nosewheel retracting up beneath the cabin.

title: Blohm & Voss P 203


text:
Lost: Via Domus

Lost: Via Domus, marketed as Lost: The Video Game in Europe, is a video game based on the ABC television series Lost. The game was released for the Microsoft Windows operating system, and the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 video game consoles in February 2008, after the third season of the series. In Via Domus, players control Elliott Maslow, a survivor of the plane crash that Lost revolves around. Although Elliott is not featured in the television series, the game contains many characters from the show, as well as many locations from Lost's mysterious island. Some of the original cast of the series provided the voices for their characters, and the Lost composer Michael Giacchino created the score for the game.

Plot
The game is split up into seven "episodes". Each episode was plotted by the show's executive producers, Damon Lindelof and Carlton Cuse. The game's timeline coincides with the first 70 days portrayed in the television series.

Episode I – Force Majeure (Day 1)
Elliott Maslow wakes up on the Island after the crash of Flight 815 and starts to explore the jungle. He finds an unlucky passenger of Oceanic Flight 815 dead caught in some branches, and a mysterious woman standing beside the body. Elliott has flashes about a dead body and the woman's face. She disappears and reappears nearby.

Elliott follows her until he meets Kate. They have a brief conversation and when Kate gives him a bottle of water, Elliot has a flashback to when he is on the plane and sees the marshal and Kate in handcuffs, realizing that Kate was a fugitive, but promising to keep her secret. Elliott follows Walt's yellow Labrador, Vincent, to the crash site. Jack, who is seen trying to revive a man, tells Elliott to shut off the fuselage so that the engines do not explode. Later, Elliott tells Jack he cannot remember anything, which Jack diagnoses as amnesia. Jack recommends that he try to find any of his belongings. Kate tells him she found a backpack where they met and left it near the end of camp. Elliott gets attacked by a mysterious man, known as "Beady Eyes", who demands to know where the camera is and threatens to kill Elliott.

Episode II – A New Day (Day 2)
Elliott wakes up the next day and sees Jack, Kate and Charlie running from the Monster. Elliott talks to Kate about why Jack is guarding the only entrance to the jungle, and she tells him that Jack does not want anyone in the jungle after the encounter from the Monster. Elliott remembers to go to the cockpit when the flight attendant stowed away his camera. He thinks that the camera might restart his memory. Elliott sees the woman again at the edge of the beach. Elliott has a flashback to vacation in Thailand when the woman expresses her desire to explore a nearby island and tells a lie to steal a boat. He and the woman seem to be in a relationship. In the present, Elliott goes to Jack and tells a lie that Claire has fainted, and while Jack rushes to her, Elliott uses the opportunity to go to the cockpit. On the way, he is stopped by Locke who is hiding in some banyan trees. Elliot leaves Locke in the banyan trees and avoids the Monster on his way to the cockpit by hiding in the banyan trees that Locke told him about earlier. Eventually, he finds his laptop and camera, but on the way out is knocked out by Ben, Juliet and Tom.

Episode III – Via Domus (Days 17–21)
Back at the beach, Hurley tells Elliott that the other survivors do not trust him. Sayid tells him that Locke found some batteries in the wreckage and that Elliott should go talk to him, so that he may start up his laptop. Locke tells him he does not need his laptop because the Island is a fresh start, but this triggers a memory of Elliott in a thrift shop in Sydney, spying on Lisa Gellhorn, the woman he's been seeing on the Island, who is seeking information from Rico, the store owner. Elliott sees Locke, still in his wheelchair, trying to sell the camping equipment from his failed Walkabout. Locke decides to help Elliott find his batteries, but only if he is able to pass through the jungle and caves unharmed by the Monster or the Others. Elliott comes upon Locke's excavation of the Hatch, and visions of Lisa lead him safely through the caves. Elliott finds a corpse in the caves, holding a golden compass with the words Via Domus (Latin for "The Way Home") inscribed on it. Locke gives him the battery, saying "the Island provides", and believes that the Island gave Elliott the compass so that he may find the answers he is looking for.

Episode V – Hotel Persephone (Day 46)
Elliott wakes up in the armory and has another vision of Lisa, which prompts a flashback to the lobby of the Hotel Persephone in Sydney, the night of the Savo exchange. Beady Eyes checks for messages at the front desk for Savo's room, 42, and Elliott confronts Lisa, who claims that Savo is responsible for the death of her sister. They decide to expose Savo together, and Lisa distracts his guards so Elliott can sneak upstairs. Back in the Swan, Elliott uses his new-found memory of his job as a journalist to convince Kate to release him. Elliott discovers ultraviolet maps of the Island hidden around the hatch that point him to the entrance to the concrete room, hidden behind a waterfall outside the Swan. The door is sealed shut, but Hurley tells him about the dynamite they used to blow the hatch, hidden at the Black Rock deep in the jungle. The Monster chases Elliott through the Dark Territory and eventually comes upon the Black Rock, an old ship in the middle of the jungle. He retrieves the dynamite and, after evading the Others and the Monster, successfully blows open the door to the Incident Room. The room contains a large malfunctioning reactor, which interferes with his compass, Elliott uses a computer to neutralize the reactor, which fixes the compass. A beeping noise from the computer draws Elliott back, and on the screen is written "Elliott Maslow. We know what you did. And we will find you."

Episode VI – Whatever It Takes (Day 46)
Elliott is following his compass in the jungle when the Monster begins to chase him. When Elliott reaches the edge of the Others' sonic fence, the Monster confronts Elliott directly but lets him live and disappears into the jungle. Juliet appears and warns him not to cross the fence. Juliet tells Elliott that he is responsible for Lisa's death, prompting another flashback to the Persephone lobby. Lisa approaches Savo's guards at the elevator but is unable to distract him. Elliott tells the guard that Lisa is a journalist, hinting that she knows about Savo. The guard grabs Lisa, and Elliott takes the elevator to room 42. Back at the fence, Juliet lets Elliott through, saying that Ben wants him for some unknown purpose, and allows him access to the tunnels that lead him through the basement of the Flame station. Upon climbing the ladder to the main floor, Elliott finds Beady Eyes holding Mikhail hostage, but Elliott shoots and kills him. Mikhail thanks him and apologizes, as a dart strikes Elliott's neck and he falls to the ground.

Episode VII – Worth a Thousand Words (Day 67)
Elliott wakes up in a holding tank in the Hydra station, to another vision of Lisa. Tom asks him about Hanso and Lisa, which triggers another flashback to the night of the Savo deal. Elliott hides in Savo's room and witnesses Thomas Mittelwerk, President of the Hanso Foundation, giving Savo a briefcase containing sarin gas, which Savo intends to use to research ESP. Beady Eyes brings in Lisa. In the tank, Elliott realizes that he betrayed Lisa, and Tom lets him go. Elliott enters the Advisory Room, where Ben tells him that his compass will lead him to a boat that will take him off the island. But first, Elliot must lead Jack to the Black Rock, where Tom will be waiting for them. Elliot returns to the beach camp and tells Jack that he has found a way off the Island and to meet him at the Black Rock. At the ship, Jack hands Elliott a gun, and Tom and another step out with Kate as their hostage. Tom tells Elliott he can go, giving him his compass back. This triggers the final flashback scene, as Savo interrogates Lisa as to what she knows and the whereabouts of Elliott. Savo shoots her in the head as Elliott, still hiding, snaps a picture of the murder. Elliott runs and realizes he sacrificed Lisa for the sake of a single photo. Elliott shoots the dynamite on the ship, incapacitating the Others and allowing Kate and Jack to escape, but leaving Elliott unconscious. Jack decides to leave him there, despite Kate's objections. Elliott is awakened by Juliet, who tells him that Ben has ordered him killed and his boat destroyed. She tells him to follow a bearing of 325 to get home, and that he has to hurry to the boat before the Others get there. He arrives in time at the dock and is surprised to find Locke there. Locke fends off the Others and tells Elliott that he wants to stay on the Island. Elliott boards the sailboat, named the 'Via Domus' and sails away from the Island. As he does so, he picks up a mayday transmission on the radio and the sky begins to shake, making the same noise as the day of the implosion of the Swan station. Elliott looks up to see a plane breaking apart and crashing on the Island. Elliott wakes up again on the day of the crash, only to be confronted by a very much alive Lisa Gellhorn, who exclaims "Oh my God, we made it. We're alive".

Gameplay
The player is cast as a previously unseen survivor, Elliott Maslow, a photojournalist with amnesia. Gameplay involves Resident Evil-style fetch quests and puzzle solving. The use of flashbacks as a storytelling device, which is integral to the television show, is part of the gameplay. Also, owing to the main character's amnesia, they are often just as revealing to the character as they are to the player. The player explores locations seen in the show, such as the beach camp, the dark territory, The Pearl Station, The Hydra Station, the Flame station, the Black Rock and the Swan Station. The player also interacts with some of the major characters of the television show; Sawyer, Jack, Sun, Kate, Ben, Juliet, and Locke, among others. Elliott must also avoid the "Black Smoke" monster. Trading with other survivors and taking photos with a camera is also part of the gameplay.

Development
On May 22, 2006, Ubisoft announced that they had licensed the rights from Touchstone Television to create a video game based on Lost planned for release at the end of February 2008.

Although it was not in development hell, there had been no updates on the game since its initial May 2006 announcement when Damon Lindelof and Carlton Cuse stated in the official Lost podcast of April 16, 2007, that the game was in production and that they had seen playable footage of the game. The game was officially unveiled at Comic-Con 2007.

Reception
Lost: Via Domus received mixed reviews from critics. Based on 50 reviews, the Xbox 360 version holds a score of 55 out of 100 at Metacritic.

Critics believed the game is most enjoyable to die-hard Lost fans, with 1Up.com commenting that "Via Domus is fan service through and through". They also believed that the game was short, with IGN citing completion in 4 to 6 hours, and GameSpot claiming that it is too short to justify full price. Several reviews also criticized the stand-in voice actors. For example, IGN claimed Locke was played like an "old-timey prospector", while Sawyer sounded like "Huckleberry Hound".

However, Eurogamer believed that the game did a good job of "creating a new character [that is] able to exist without disrupting the [series'] timeline or feeling like an aberration", and the game's graphics and presentation received praise. Ultimately, IGN summarized that Via Domus "is a game for the fans, which only fans can appreciate. But at the same time - in a strange bit of paradox - this is a game that will disappoint almost every Lost fan."

title: Lost: Via Domus


text:
semla

Etymology
From, ultimately from , through. ; compare.

Noun

 * 1) A pastry with a cream and almond paste filling, traditionally eaten on Shrove Tuesday in Sweden, Finland and Estonia.

Translations

 * Belarusian: се́мла
 * Danish: fastelavnsbolle
 * Dutch: semla
 * Estonian: vastlakukkel
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: Semla
 * Japanese: セムラ
 * Korean: 셈라
 * Norwegian: fastelavnsbolle
 * Russian: се́мла
 * Spanish: semla
 * Swedish:, , fettisdagsbulle

Etymology
From, ultimately from. See also 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  bun, bread roll
 * 2)   Swedish pastry eaten on Shrove Tuesday
 * 1)   Swedish pastry eaten on Shrove Tuesday

title: semla


text:
Patania symphonodes

Patania symphonodes is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Turner in 1913. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.

The wings are translucent brown with wiggly brown lines.

title: Patania symphonodes


text:
Irreligion in Egypt

Irreligion in Egypt is controversial due to the prominence of conservative social traditions and the persecution by the religious institutions in the country. It is difficult to quantify the number of atheists or agnostics in Egypt, as the stigma attached to being one makes it hard for irreligious Egyptians to publicly profess their views and beliefs.

Furthermore, public statements that can be deemed critical of Islam, Christianity and Judaism can be tried under the country's notorious blasphemy law. Outspoken atheists, like Alber Saber, Kareem Amer, and others, have been convicted under this law. These types of crime in Egypt hold a status similar to Antragsdelikt, legal proceedings only occur if a citizen, usually an official from the religious establishments, takes the step of filing against the person engaging in blasphemy, and cases are not initiated by the general prosecutor; also, officials from the religious institutions, specifically al-Azhar institution, issue fatwa to permit the killing of those who blaspheme if the Egyptian government does not do it, such as in the case of Hamed Abdelsamad, and in the case of Farag Fouda who was shot dead in 1992 by islamists as a consequence, among others. In 2000, an openly atheist Egyptian writer, who called for the establishment of a local association for atheists, was tried on charges of insulting Islam in four of his books.

Estimates of the number of irreligious Egyptians
According to the 2020 US report on international religious freedom, there are no reliable estimates of the number of atheists in Egypt. A study at the University of Kent, citing a 2018 survey by Arab Barometer, stated that around 11% of Egyptians identified themselves as not religious. In this Arab Barometer Wave V survey, 90.4% were Muslim, 9.6% were Christian, and 0.1% had no religion. In the same Arab Barometer survey, about 20% of young Egyptians described themselves as not religious. Absent official figures, sources consistently report that the number is increasing steadily. Egyptian media has since 2011 reported increases in the number of nonbelievers and atheists publicly coming out; however, atheism or skepticism is not a recent phenomenon in Egypt. Despite the lack of clarity with regard to absolute numbers, there is a noticeable increase in young Egyptians coming out for nonbelieving and publicly testifying they have left the faith, especially on the internet.

In December 2014, Dar al-Ifta, a government-affiliated Islamic centre of education and jurisprudence, claimed that there are 866 atheists in Egypt. Commenting on the small number cited by Dar al-Ifta, Rabab Kamal, a spokesperson for The Secularists, a small but vocal group that lobbies for a secular state, said that "[Dar al-Ifta] are in denial", and she added: "I could count more than that number of atheists at al-Azhar university alone." (Al-Azhar university is the Cairo-based Islamic institution that is widely regarded as the seat of global Sunni learning.) The tiny estimates by Dar al-Ifta prompted high amusement among Egyptian atheists and secularists in Egypt, who say that atheism is on the rise, and that even Dar al-Ifta's definitions of atheism seemed comic. Many Egyptian irreligious/atheist intellectuals encourage irreligious Egyptians and Egyptian atheists to speak up and come out of the closet, a trend which is visible regarding both faiths, Islam and Christianity, and involves Egyptian men as well as Egyptian women. Many atheists in Egypt communicate with each other over the internet.

Controversy and discrimination
Discrimination against atheists in Egypt is mainly the result of the religious establishments in the country, as the laws and policies in Egypt protect religious freedom but punish those who ridicule or insult the Abrahamic religions by words or writing, whereas insulting other non-Abrahamic faiths like Buddhism or Hinduism is not punishable by Egyptian law but insulting Islam, Christianity, or Judaism is.

In 2014, the Ministry of Youth and the Ministry of Awqaf announced a joint strategy to combat the spread of what they categorized as "harmful ideas" among the nation's youth, and they included atheism in that categorization. In a 2011 Pew Research poll of 1,798 Muslims in Egypt, 63% of those surveyed supported "the death penalty for people who leave the Muslim religion." However, no such punishment actually exists in the country. In January 2018, the head of the parliament's religious committee, Amr Hamroush, suggested a bill to make atheism illegal, stating that "it [atheism] must be criminalised and categorised as contempt of religion because atheists have no doctrine and try to insult the Abrahamic religions".

In July 2015, it was announced by Pope Tawadros II that a global survey to understand why some youth leave the church would be carried out. The results were not published; however, it was estimated that 70% of the youth stop attending the Evangelical church, and nearly a decade later, about half return to church. The Egyptian Council of Churches, of which the Coptic Orthodox Church is a member, along with other Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant Egyptian churches, had plans to confront atheism in Egypt, by questioning Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and planning establishments of interfaith committees involving churches and mosques, with the aim of controlling and confronting atheism among members of both faiths.

Atheists or irreligious people cannot change their official religious status, thus statistically they are counted as followers of the religion of their family, whether it is Islam or Christianity. Despite hostile sentiments towards them, atheists in Egypt have become increasingly vocal since the Egyptian revolution of 2011 and particularly after the ouster of Morsi in 2013.

List of some famous non-religious Egyptians

 * Hamed Abdel-Samad
 * Ismail Adham
 * Kareem Amer
 * Aliaa Magda Elmahdy
 * Sherif Gaber
 * Ismail Mohamed
 * Nawal El Saadawi
 * Alber Saber
 * Maikel Nabil Sanad

title: Irreligion in Egypt


text:
Ors

Ors is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

It is located on the Sambre–Oise Canal, in a small wood called Bois l'Évêque.

History
The commune was an area of intense fighting in November 1918 for control of the canal. Second Lieutenant Wilfred Owen was killed in action there, a week before the Armistice, and is buried at the Communal Cemetery beside many of his men. The village's new (2014) primary school is named for Owen.

Ors is famous for its yearly water jousting competition on the canal every August 15.

Monuments
The church, Église de l'Assomption, was built from 1851 to 1872.

title: Ors


text:
Talk:Jeremy Runnells

August 2020
The following was added to my talk page, but felt it should also be here for a historical record. Epachamo (talk) 12:46, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

A page you created has been nominated for deletion as an attack page, according to section G10 of the criteria for speedy deletion.

Do not create pages that attack, threaten, or disparage their subject or any other entity. Attack pages and files are not tolerated by Wikipedia, and users who create or add such material may be blocked from editing. Triplettay (talk) 22:41, 14 August 2020 (UTC)

 * I have reviewed the page, and it is not an attack page and does not qualify for CSD G10. —C.Fred (talk) 23:46, 14 August 2020 (UTC)

Image of CES Foundation logo
The image of the CES Letter foundation has been removed, citing that it does not meet WP:NFCCP "8. Contextual significance. Non-free content is used only if its presence would significantly increase readers' understanding of the article topic, and its omission would be detrimental to that understanding." Just like any number of articles that have foundation logos, this particular logo meets this criteria. There are a number of other logos for foundations and companies on any number of comparable wikipedia articles that have been deemed acceptable. If there is disagreement, please explain why an article like National_Wildlife_Federation or Animal_Planet meet criteria #8, but this does not. Epachamo (talk) 20:52, 18 February 2021 (UTC)
 * For the other uses you mention, the nonfree logo is used in the article about the organization itself. The primary subject of this article is not the organization, but a person associated with it. The Big Bad Wolfowitz (aka Hullaballoo). Treated like dirt by many administrators since 2006.  Fight for freedom, stand with Hong Kong! (talk) 04:55, 21 February 2021 (UTC)

 * "CES Letter" links to this page right here. The section that had the logo was about the CES Letter foundation. There is nothing in WP:NFCCP that indicates that the logo must be used in the article about the organization itself. In fact, WP:NFCCP #9 seems to allow for this. And, stand with Hong Kong. Epachamo (talk) 03:08, 22 February 2021 (UTC)
 * See Splunk (Splunkbase) for an example where the logo is part of a section of the article, not the article itself. Epachamo (talk) 17:00, 22 February 2021 (UTC)

References that discuss the CES letter being influential in people leaving
The argument was made after deleting content that the sources don't back up the claim that the CES Letter was influential in people leaving. Here is a direct quotes from one of those references. From Matthew Harris' book "The LDS Gospel Topics Series" he states "Four websites, in particular, have provided the impetus for LDS disaffection. One of the most influential sites is Jeremy Runnell's 'Letter to a CES Director' ... In April 2013, he posted his 'CES Letter' online, and within days it went viral, generating thousands of hits." Epachamo (talk) 21:33, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jeremy Runnells