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Jess Lockwood (bull rider)

Jess Lockwood (born September 28, 1997) is an American professional rodeo cowboy who specializes in bull riding, and competes in the Professional Bull Riders (PBR) circuit. He joined the PBR in 2015 and was named Rookie of the Year in 2016. On November 5, 2017, he became the youngest PBR World Champion. He won his second PBR world championship on November 10, 2019. He also became the youngest bull rider to win two PBR world championships.

In 2023, Lockwood was ranked No. 10 on the list of the top 30 bull riders in PBR history.

Early life
Jess Lockwood was born on September 28, 1997, in Volborg, Montana, to Ed and Angie Lockwood (née Schillinger). His father was a former Big Sky region champion bull rider and a professional saddle bronc rider. His mother was a long-time barrel racer. Lockwood was raised on his family's 12,000 acre ranch where they run about 400 head of cattle. As a small child, he would crawl on his father's back and be bucked around their living room for eight seconds. He would then ask his mother "How many was I?". His father would then interview him using the TV remote as a microphone. Lockwood said his father taught him to ride first on sheep and calves, then steers and bulls. Lockwood started riding bulls when he was in the 8th grade. He was the Northern Rodeo Association year-end champion in 2014 and 2015, earning $60,000 in his junior year of high school. He completed his senior year of high school on-line in order to pursue bull riding full time.

Career
Lockwood joined the PBR on his 18th birthday, September 28, 2015.

2016 season
Lockwood worked his way up in the PBR; competing in the American lower-level tours, the Touring Pro Division and Velocity Tour. He won his first PBR title at the Velocity Tour event in Wheeling, West Virginia, in mid-March. The following week, he won the Touring Pro Division event in Perkins, Oklahoma.

As a result of his win at the Velocity Tour event in Wheeling, Lockwood was invited to compete at the Built Ford Tough Series (BFTS) event in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, in early April where he finished 7th overall. Two weeks later, he won his first BFTS event in Billings, Montana.

Lockwood would continue placing at several events throughout the year and qualified for his first PBR World Finals in Las Vegas, Nevada, in November. This was the first year the event took place at T-Mobile Arena after taking place for several years at the Thomas & Mack Center. Lockwood struggled; in part due to a broken finger in his riding hand. He bucked off all his long-round bulls and failed to make the Championship Round. However, he won the most points of all riders competing in their first full year on the BFTS and won the 2016 PBR Rookie of the Year title.

2017 season
This year, Lockwood won five events, including the BFTS events in New York City, New York; Sacramento, California; Tulsa, Oklahoma; and Austin, Texas; as well as the Touring Pro Division event in Binford, North Dakota. Early in the 2017 season, he missed five events due to a groin injury when he was stepped on by 2015 PBR World Champion bull Long John during the 15/15 Bucking Battle of the BFTS event in Kansas City, Missouri, on February 11, 2017. On September 9, 2017, while attempting to ride reigning PBR World Champion bull Sweet Pro's Bruiser at the 15/15 Bucking Battle of the BFTS event in Springfield, Missouri, Lockwood was knocked unconscious. On September 23, 2017, at the BFTS event in Uniondale, New York, he was stepped on by Blue Magic after being thrown. Lockwood suffered a punctured lung, four broken ribs, and a lacerated kidney. After missing several events due to these injuries, Lockwood still finished 2017 a winner. In Las Vegas, Nevada, at the PBR World Finals, on November 5, 2017, he became the youngest bull rider in history to win the PBR World Champion title and was awarded the $1 million prize that goes with it.

2018 season
In 2018, the PBR's elite Built Ford Tough Series changed title sponsors and was now known as the Unleash the Beast Series (UTB). This year, Lockwood won four events, including The American Rodeo in Arlington, Texas (in which the bull riding section was sanctioned by the PBR at the time); the UTB event in Sioux Falls, South Dakota; the 15/15 Bucking Battle at the UTB event in Tulsa, Oklahoma; and the Touring Pro Division event in Sheridan, Wyoming. His bid to win back-to-back World Champion titles was cut short when a groin injury left him unable to compete in the final six regular-season UTB events. On September 7, 2018, Lockwood limped from the arena after riding Power Puff for 70 points. He declined the re-ride and was unable to compete in the remainder of the event due to the groin injury. Lockwood did not compete again until the PBR World Finals on November 7, 2018.

2019 season
Lockwood won 14 regular-season events in 2019. On February 9, 2019, while attempting to ride Wild Goose, Lockwood was struck in the shoulder by one of Wild Goose's horns. This resulted in a broken collar bone that took Lockwood out of competition for nine UTB events. At the time of the injury, he was ranked No. 1 in the world with a lead of 967.5 points. On October 4, 2019, at the UTB event in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Lockwood set a new PBR record for the most 15/15 Bucking Battle wins in a single season. He rode Bad Beagle for a score of 91.5 for his fourth 15/15 Bucking Battle win of the season.

On October 13, 2019, Lockwood selected Heartbreak Kid for the Championship Round of the UTB event in Greensboro, North Carolina. Heartbreak Kid was on the second longest buck-off streak in PBR history. He had 38 constitutive buck-offs at PBR Premier Series events. Lockwood broke the buck-off streak when he made eight seconds scoring a new career-high 93.75 points. When Lockwood released the rope at the end of the ride, he crashed into the arena floor head first. There was no celebration by Lockwood as he immediately exited the area in pain after the potentially neck-breaking landing. He was diagnosed with a cervical sprain. The following weekend, Lockwood rode Heartbreak Kid again at the UTB event in Nampa, Idaho, for a new career-high 94 points. On November 8, 2019, during a ceremony at the PBR World Finals, Lockwood received the inaugural Mason Lowe Award for his 94-point ride on Heartbreak Kid. Two days later, he won the PBR World Finals event average and his second world championship.

2020 season
The only event Lockwood won in 2020 was the UTB event in Manchester, New Hampshire. On February 1, 2020, Lockwood became the fastest PBR rider to cross the $4 million mark in earnings. He earned the $4 million in his first 39 months of competing in the PBR. On March 1, 2020, during the Championship Round of the UTB event in Kansas City, Missouri, Lockwood's right spur got hung in the bull rope while getting off I'm Legit Too after completing a 91.5-point ride aboard the bull. Lockwood's left hamstring was torn from his hip bone, requiring surgery and a six-month recovery. At the time of his injury, he led the PBR with nine round wins and had five 90-point rides in the 2020 season. Lockwood was World No. 2 in the standings before the injury.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and Nevada state restrictions on large events, the season-ending PBR World Finals was moved from its usual home at T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas to AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas. At the event, Lockwood struggled; bucking off his first three bulls. However, he won Round 4 by Riding Lil 2 Train for 91 points.

2021 season
2021 was not a good year professional year for Lockwood. In mid-January, during the first round of the opening UTB event of the season in Ocala, Florida, he was yanked over the front end by Detroit Lean and one of the bull's horns caught Lockwood in the jaw underneath his helmet's facemask. This resulted in Lockwood receiving a broken jaw that required surgery. He returned to competition three weeks later at the UTB event in Del Rio, Texas, where he rode Skull Crusher for 87 points in Round 1. However, during Round 2, he was bucked off by Jaynettes Pet 2. In the Championship Round, he was bucked off by Coriolis Effect, which resulted in a wreck where Lockwood was yanked towards the bull's head and the collision broke joints in a finger from Lockwood's free hand. Later, at the UTB event in Glendale, Arizona, a determined Lockwood rode Rising Sun for 88.25 points in Round 1. He was bucked off by Lil' Loco in Round 2, but would bounce back in the Championship Round by Riding Canadian Mist for 88.75 points in the Championship Round. Lockwood would end up finishing second in Glendale. However, things would go downhill for him the rest of the season.

After the conclusion of the Glendale UTB event, Lockwood decided to skip the following UTB event in Kansas City, Missouri, to be able to heal a bit from his hand injury. He would return to the UTB event the following weekend in Louisville, Kentucky. However, he would buck off all his bulls he faced in Louisville, as well as all the bulls he faced in the next two UTB events in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. In Round 1 of Oklahoma City, Lockwood was bucked off by Bandit and the bull stepped on his left quad. As a result of this new injury, he doctored out of the rest of the event. He would then miss the next two UTB events to recover. He made his return to the UTB event in Billings, Montana, in mid-May where he bucked off all his bulls. Since returning to competition in September 2020 after missing six months while recovering from hamstring surgery, Lockwood's pelvic area had been painful. In May 2022, he went to get an MRI/X-ray to get to the bottom of the problem. As it turned out, he had been riding with a separated pelvis. Said injury possibly dated as far back when he tore his hamstring in March 2020. He decided to get surgery with the hope of returning to competition as soon as the UTB series returned after a two-month summer hiatus.

By mid-September, Lockwood was still not ready to return to competition. However, by the latter part of the month, during the week of his 24th birthday, he posted on his Instagram account videos of him getting on some practice bulls. He was hoping to return to competition at the UTB event in Greensboro, North Carolina, in early October. However, he later stated that his groin was not feeling well and decided to skip said event. He finally made his return at the last regular-season UTB event of 2021 in Lincoln, Nebraska. In Round 1, he was bucked off by Speck. He stated that when he nodded his head for the chute gate to open, he then squeezed his legs against the bull's sides to get a hold as usual, but then heard a pop from his groin area and immediately knew something was not right. After his buck off, he hobbled off the arena and checked in with the PBR sports medicine team. After evaluation from the PBR's medical director, Dr. Tandy Freeman, who suggested there might be scar tissue buildup on Lockwood's groin, Lockwood decided to finish his 2021 season right then and there; ending a disastrous year in his career; one where he failed to qualify for the PBR World Finals for the first time since turning professional as a result of a year riddled with injuries and a poor riding percentage. He decided to recuperate for 2022.

2022 season
Unleash the Beast Series

The PBR's elite series was previously held throughout the regular calendar year with the concluding World Finals taking place in the autumn. However, by 2022, the UTB series schedule was shortened; now taking place from the winter to spring. Also, the PBR World Finals moved from its longtime home in Las Vegas, Nevada (taking place in the city's MGM Grand Garden Arena from 1994 to 1998, Thomas & Mack Center from 1999 to 2015, and T-Mobile Arena from 2016 to 2019 and 2021) to Dickies Arena in Fort Worth, Texas. This was done to make room for the American PBR circuit's Team Series, which was set to begin its inaugural season in 2022 and take place every summer and autumn going forward.

Lockwood was bucked off by Lil 2 Train during the first round of the first stop of the UTB season on New Year's Day in Indianapolis, Indiana, which was a one-day event. The following UTB event in New York City, New York, Lockwood was bucked off by Casper in Round 1, but rode Out of the Blue in Round 2 for 87.50 points. However, this was not enough for him to qualify for the Championship Round. He ended up finishing 17th overall in New York City. At the next UTB event in Chicago, Illinois, he bucked off both his long-round bulls. He did not compete at the forth UTB event of the season in Duluth, Georgia. He returned for the following UTB event in Sacramento, California, where he was bucked off by Bushwacked in Round 1 and Butterfly Kisses in Round 2, but rebounded in Round 3, where he rode Dr. Campbell for 87.75 points, but did not qualify for the Championship Round. He finished 22nd in Sacramento. At the next UTB event in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Lockwood rode Black Sox in Round 1 for 86.25 points, then Two Socks in Round 2 for 74.50 points. He got bucked off by Henry in the Championship Round. Lockwood ended up finishing sixth in Milwaukee; his first top-ten finish in a year. Between Sacramento and Milwaukee, this also marked the first time in two years that Lockwood successfully made the eight-second whistle on three consecutive bulls. Things seemed to be going in the right direction for him.

Lockwood's luck would change, however, during the following UTB event in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He was bucked off by Jersey Tuff in Round 1 and broke his left shoulder, doctoring him out for the rest of the event. After some testing, it was determined that his injury was not severe enough to warrant surgery and he would only need to be out of competition for six to eight weeks. However, by the time his shoulder recovered, Lockwood stated that he was still not in physical condition to return to riding and would not be returning to competition to finish out the UTB season, thus failing to qualify for the PBR World Finals for a second year in a row.

Team Series

The day after the conclusion of the 2022 PBR World Finals, the inaugural PBR Team Series draft was held at Texas Live! in Arlington, Texas. Lockwood was selected to ride for the Oklahoma Freedom.

Lockwood was supposed to make his Team Series debut in Austin, Texas, on August 26 through 28 during the fifth event of the season at Gambler Days; the hometown event of rival team, the Austin Gamblers. He had not ridden a bull in six months since he injured his shoulder at the UTB event in Oklahoma City in February and him later deciding to end his UTB season early. Two days before the start of the Austin Team Series event, he got on a practice bull at home in Volborg, Montana, rode him successfully, dismounted and landed on his feet. He ran out of the arena feeling like all was well physically. However, shortly thereafter, he started feeling discomfort in his left knee. On Friday, August 26, he arrived in Austin and just hours before the start of Gambler Days, he met up with PBR medical director Dr. Tandy Freeman, who informed Lockwood that he may have torn his PCL, as well as received other damage to his left knee. He would need to get an MRI on Saturday to know the full extent of his injuries. He was told that if his knee needed to be repaired surgically, he would be out of competition for six to eight months, and if his injuries did not warrant surgery, he would be out as much as 12 weeks. Either way, Lockwood's Team Series debut was already over before it even started.

2023 season
Unleash the Beast Series

After spending several months recovering from injuries, Lockwood made his return to bull riding during the eighth event of the 2023 PBR Unleash the Beast Series season in Duluth, Georgia. He rode Spotted Rust for 88.25 points and tied with Smithville, Missouri's Koltin Hevalow for the Round 1 win. In Round 2, Lockwood was bucked off by Lone Survivor in 4.02 seconds. However, he rematched with I'm Legit Too in the Championship Round and covered the bull for 92 points; the highest score of the event. Lockwood ended up finishing second.

At the thirteenth stop of the UTB schedule in Los Angeles, California, Lockwood was bucked off by Border Crisis in 2.54 seconds. He then rode All Shook Up for 88.25 points in Round 2. His one score was enough to bring him back to the Championship Round, where he bucked off Alakazam in 4.57 seconds. Despite only covering one of his three bulls, Lockwood finished fifth in the event. At the following UTB event in Little Rock, Arkansas, Lockwood rode Pearl Snap for 87.5 points in Round 1. He was then bucked off by Hundred Bad Days in 2.76 seconds in Round 2. In the Championship Round, he was bucked off by Big Bank in 2.7 seconds. Lockwood would finish eight in the event.

Lockwood only competed at the three mentioned events, as well as the tenth UTB stop of the season in Sacramento, California, where he bucked off both his long round bulls and did not place at the event. Still not fully recovered from his injuries, he decided to skip the rest of the 2023 UTB season, thus failing to qualify for the PBR World Finals for the third year in a row.

Camping World Team Series

In 2023, Camping World became the PBR Team Series' title sponsor. While as a member of the Oklahoma Freedom during the inaugural Team Series season in 2022, Lockwood never actually had a single out with said team due to injury. Just a few days before the start of the 2023 Team Series season, Lockwood was traded to the Nashville Stampede, while the Stampede traded Brazilian rider Thiago Salgado to the Freedom. Again, Lockwood would not have a single outing during the Team Series season because of injuries.

2024 season
Unleash the Beast Series

Lockwood missed the entire 2024 UTB season while recovering from injuries.

Camping World Team Series

Lockwood officially made his Camping World Team Series debut for the Nashville Stampede in July 2024 at Wildcatter Days; the hometown event of rival team, the Oklahoma Wildcatters. His original team, the Oklahoma Freedom, now represent Florida as 2024, thus becoming the Florida Freedom. Lockwood was bucked off by Mama's Boy in 2.19 seconds and the Stampede ended up losing to the Arizona Ridge Riders on the first day of the event. It was Lockwood's first professional outing in more than a year.

Earnings
Lockwood's annual rankings in his career to date are as follows:

 * 2016 - World No. 8 with $177,178 in earnings.
 * 2017 - World No. 1 with $1,525,292 in earnings. (2017 PBR World Champion)
 * 2018 - World No. 12 with $292,301 in earnings.
 * 2019 - World No. 1 with $1,873,731 in earnings. (2019 PBR World Champion)
 * 2020 - World No. 5 with $275,558 in earnings.
 * 2021 - World No. 51 with $21,219 in earnings.
 * 2022 - World No. 72 with $4,158 in earnings.
 * 2023 - Unleash the Beast standings No. 42 with $45,125 in earnings

Note: For several years, points won at all PBR-sanctioned events counted towards the world standings. However, as of 2023, only points won on the Unleash the Beast Series count towards the world championship race.

Source:

Personal life
After dating for more than a year, Lockwood announced his engagement to World Barrel Racing Champion Hailey Kinsel in March 2019. He lives on a 200 acre ranch he purchased in 2019, which is near where he grew up. Lockwood's younger brother, Jake, is also a professional bull rider on the PBR tour. Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association National Finals Rodeo Average Champion barrel racer Lisa Lockhart is Lockwood's aunt. On October 25, 2019, Jess Lockwood and Hailey Kinsel were married at Kinsel's ranch in Cotulla, Texas. The Lockwoods split their time between their ranches in Stephenville, Texas, for the winter and Montana for the summer. According to Hailey's profile on the WPRA website and her self-published sources, she is no longer using Jess's name. Her profile on the WPRA source confirms that she is now single, so she and Jess must have gotten divorced. There is no date for a divorce.

title: Jess Lockwood (bull rider)


text:
Talk:Christian Tuipulotu

Style
A reminder: Hope that helps! Nikkimaria (talk) 00:49, 23 October 2022 (UTC)
 * MOS:1STABBR indicates that on the first occurrence of an abbreviation it should be introduced with the full expression, ie. "National Rugby League (NRL)".
 * MOS:IBXPURPOSE indicates that information should be presented in short form, with unnecessary content excluded - ie. when full name is the same as name it is redundant.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Christian Tuipulotu


text:
Talk:Ash Avildsen

Why is this an article?
There is no information here. This should be deleted... Lobf (talk) 07:32, 13 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ash Avildsen


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GCSE Science/Energy

Introduction
1. Need for Energy:
 * All life processes requires energy. Animals obtain energy through the food consumed by them. Green plants can prepare their own food, which is called photosynthesis.

2. Sun - A prime energy source:
 * The prime source of energy to our world is the Sun. All living organisms depend directly or indirectly on the sun for their energy needs. Oil, Coal, gas, solar power, wave power and wind power all derive energy from the sun - which has reached the earth either now or in the past.

sun gives plants energy

Types of Energy
There are many types of energy; here are the main ones:

Potential (Chemical, Elastic, Gravitational, Nuclear) (Usually written a PE) Heat Kinetic (Usually written a KE) Electrical Electro-magnetic

title: GCSE Science/Energy


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Princess Latifa (disambiguation)

Princess Latifa is an Emirati sheikha and a member of the Dubai ruling family.

Princess Latifa may also refer to:

 * Latifa Al Maktoum (disambiguation), the name of several members of the royal house of Dubai
 * Latifa bint Abdulaziz Al Saud, member of the House of Saud

title: Princess Latifa (disambiguation)


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-pas

Suffix

 * 1) indefinite article suffix for long objects; a (long object)

Pronunciation

 * (-pis)
 * (-pis)

Suffix

 * 1) also, too
 * Qamtapas khuyanim.
 * I love you as well.
 * Chay warmim tusuchkanpas takichkanpas.
 * That woman is dancing and singing.
 * Paypas ñuqapas risaqku.
 * He and I will go.

title: -pas


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Tselinny, Klyuchevsky District, Altai Krai

Tselinny (Целинный) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Novotselinny Selsoviet, Klyuchevsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 1,189 as of 2013. There are 15 streets.

Geography
Tselinny is located 6 km east of Klyuchi (the district's administrative centre) by road. Klyuchi is the nearest rural locality.


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stationary phase

Noun

 * 1)  The solid or liquid phase of a chromatography system on which the materials are to be separated or selectively absorbed undefined
 * 2)  A phase of bacterial growth in which there is net zero new bacteria undefined

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 固定相
 * Mandarin:, 靜止相
 * Finnish: kiinteä faasi
 * French: phase stationnaire
 * Tagalog: tigiling yugto

 * Finnish: stationaarivaihe, stationaarinen vaihe

title: stationary phase


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User:Vuara/EVOLUTION OF WRITING

The Greek Alphabet Written by Charlotte P.

 * http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/OakViewES/harris/96-97/agespages/greece/alphabet.html
 * http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/OakViewES/harris/96-97/agespages/greece/images-general/alphabet.gif

The Greek alphabet came from the Phonecians around the year 900 B.C. When the Phonecians invented the alphabet there were 600 symbols. Those symbols took up too much room on the papyrus, so they narrowed it down to 22 symbols. The Greeks borrowed some of the symbols and then they made up some of their own. But the Phonecians, like other cultures, used their symbols to represent consonants and vowel sounds together. The Greeks were the first people to have separate symbols (or letters) to represent vowel sounds. Even the name "alphabet" comes from the first two letters of the Greek alphabet -- "alpha" and "beta." All later alphabets came from the Greek alphabet.

+++

THE EVOLUTION OF WRITING By R. Cedric Leonard

 * http://www.atlantisquest.com/evolution.html
 * http://www.atlantisquest.com/classical.html
 * http://www.atlantisquest.com/tab6.gif

"THE very interesting problem of the 'origins' of writing is shrouded in a cloud of darkness and is as hard to interpret as the 'origins' of art, architecture, religion, and social institutions, to name only a few of the important aspects of our culture." In this statement Dr. I. J. Gelb (1974), Professor of Linguistics at the University of Chicago, is referring to the so-called 'beginning of writing' in the Mesopotamian Valley slightly more than 5,000 years ago (the two tablets shown on the title page are examples). But the true origin of writing may be even more mysterious--and it may have occurred much earlier than commonly supposed.

How did writing began? Most epigraphers and paleographers agree that the historical evolution of writing occurred in basically four stages: 1) Ideographic; 2) Logographic; 3) Syllabic; 4) Alphabetic. It can be seen from this that alphabetic writing is considered the most advanced of the evolutionary stages (Gelb, 1974).

The development of writing is unidirectional. This means that it will pass through the above four stages in that order and no other. No system of writing can begin naturally with the syllabic or alphabetic stage; if such a case did occur, it could only happen if influenced by another system which had already passed through the earlier stages. A writing system can stop at any given stage (a case of arrested development); it can combine stages as it passes from one stage to another; or it can continue to use more than one stage forever. But no writing system ever studied has ever skipped a stage. This observation led Prof. Gelb to an important discovery concerning the Egyptian and Western Semitic systems which will be discussed.

I will describe the four major stages in extremely brief terms.

In the ideographic stage there is absolutely no relationship between what is transcribed and actual speech sounds. It is basically composed of pictures and readily discerned symbols, designed so that the message is obvious. An example is that practiced among the American Indians before the arrival of the Europeans.

The next stage is the logographic (word-sign) in which each written sign stands for a word in the spoken language, and maintains basically a one-to-one relationship to the spoken words. If one wanted to say "tree," he drew a picture or a symbol of a tree. If one wanted to say "three trees," he could either draw three trees, or he could precede the picture of a tree with a numerical symbol having the meaning "three". However, some things are not so easily pictured.

Abstractions, such as life, love, beauty, etc., were difficult to express in this manner. The usual device to overcome this difficulty was the use of homonyms (words with the same sounds). For instance, the ancient Sumerian word for "life" was ti. The same Sumerian word also meant "arrow". It was easy enough to incise an arrow, which could be read as "life" if the context demanded it. This technique of expression is also known as rebus writing.

Proper names presented a greater difficulty. As long as names like White Cloud and Running Bear were used there was no problem. But how do you write down names like Assurbanipal, Shalmanezer or Zephnathpaaneah using a logogram? This led to phonetization.

The next major stage is the syllabary. The principle of phonetization arose when words could not be indicated by mere pictures. This vital step occurred when complex words were "sounded out" using separate signs. Thus each sign represented a single syllable (a consonant followed by a vowel sound). Such a system is known as a syllabary.

With logographic writing thousands of word-signs have to be memorized in order to have a good working vocabulary of the language to be written. Also, over a period of time once easily recognizable pictures become conventionalized to the point where they must be memorized in order to be recognized. In a syllabary the number of signs to be memorized drops to a few hundred.

Even in a syllabary, to delineate each vowel sound following the initial consonantal sound would require a large number of written signs (especially since some syllables also end with a consonantal sound which may be different from the initial sound). But since everyone in a given culture already knows how to pronounce the words, it is possible to eliminate differentiations in vowel sounds with a minimum of sacrifice in accuracy. In such systems, the sound of a or e was understood as standard. Sometimes a few of the leftover signs from the preceding logographic system were retained for use as determinatives. The Egyptian hieroglyphic system, which lasted some 3,000 years, retained a large number of logograms until its extinction.

However, all such 'trimmed down' syllabic systems ran into one common problem: LONG vowels! In the Western Semitic system (Phoenician, Amorite, Hebrew, etc) long vowels were absolutely necessary in expressing plurals. Something had to be done to let the reader know when a given vowel should be long rather than short. The answer was plenic writing. Plenic writing incorporated the use of the so-called "weak" consonants (such a w and y) to substitute for a long vowel sound (usually w for long "o" or "u" and y for long "i"). It is the use of plenic writing which has led to the misidentification of these systems of writing as "consonantal alphabets," when in reality they are syllabaries.

Paleographers saw these "weak" syllabic signs as mere vowels, and consequently interpreted plenic writing to be a development toward a partial or incomplete vowel system for the so-called "consonantal alphabets" rather than for what it really was. It was because of this misconception that the Phoenicians were accredited with "inventing" the first alphabet. But plenic writing has been found in a number of other systems which are assuredly and definitely syllabic. It has been through comparisons of all these systems of writing that the error was finally recognized. Prof. Gelb sees the distinction as extremely important in studying the evolution of the structure of writing systems.

However, plenic writing did make clear the dire need to express all the vowel sounds in every word to further improve accuracy in the transmission of knowledge, which led to the development of a true alphabet.

This brings us to the alphabetic stage of writing. We have just seen that the so-called "alphabet" used by the Phoenicians was in reality a syllabary incorporating the technique of plenic writing. The so-called "vowels" of plenic writing are in reality no vowels at all, but rather certain syllabic signs used as memnic devices to alert the reader to the presence of a long vowel-sound.

It is to the Greeks that the credit must go for the invention of a true alphabet; since the addition of a few more signs representing true vowel-sounds (which enabled them to follow each initial consonantal sound with the appropriate vowel-sound), accomplished the final result of "a single character for every single sound," which is the definition of a true alphabet.

Evolution of letters from early Phoenician to the Roman

So where does this leave the Phoenicians and the Atlanteans? The most that we can accredit the Phoenicians with is the forms of the characters used in their system. And, as we have seen, these may have come from Atlantis! At least, they may have been "western" rather than "eastern" in origin. The letters on this page (since they evolved from the "Phoenician alphabet") may have had their origin in Atlantis! That question is explored in the articles on the controversial Glozel Tablets, and classical testimony which add weight to this hypothesis. +++

SUPPORTING EVIDENCE By R. Cedric Leonard

According to ancient Greek legends Cadmus was a Phoenician prince who founded Thebes in Boeotia, and among several other things invented the alphabet. In spite of the popularity of this tradition (supported by Herodotus, 450 B.C.), this was doubted even in ancient times. For instance, Tacitus says:

The Egyptians also claim to have invented the alphabet, which the Phoenicians. . . appropriated the glory, giving out that they had discovered what they had really been taught. (Annals 11.14)

We know now that as early as 3,000 B.C. the beginnings of a writing system existed on Crete, and by 2,000 B.C. the Minoans were in possession of a syllabic "alphabet"1 which we have named Linear A (Jackson, 1981). And this was hundreds of years before Cadmus' time. We have learned also that, far from being illiterate as once thought, the Achaean Greeks modified Linear A slightly in order to use it for their own language (Linear B). In other words, the Achaean Greeks were using an alphabet hundreds of years before the "Phoenician" version of the alphabet was introduced into Greece at the time of the Dorian invasion.

It is a given that the Roman letters we use today evolved from the actual characters used by the Phoenicians of the Near East. But did the Phoenicians invent the letters, or did they merely learn of them from earlier sources. Diodorus (1st Cent. B.C.) expresses caution in the acceptance of this Phoenician "invention":

Men tell us. . . that the Phoenicians were not the first to make the discovery of letters; but that they did no more than change the form of the letters; whereupon the majority of mankind made use of the way of writing them as the Phoenicians devised. (Lib. Hist., Book V).

There are ancient and venerable traditions which point to a western, rather than an eastern, origin of our alphabet. In the same work Diodorus mentions that the Phoenicians had discovered a marvelous Atlantic island during their excursions outside Gibraltar. Atlantis was long gone, of course, but the survivors of that catastrophe still existed on the Canary Islands (and possibly others) and it is known that the Guanches inhabiting those islands possessed a system of characters with which the Phoenicians could have been familiar.

Manetho (250 B.C.) also recorded that the Egyptians themselves derived the elements of their writing from an island in the west. Ancient Egyptian papyri also attribute the invention of writing to the god Thoth who ruled a "Western Domain" (Book of the Dead, Chap. LXXXV). These same papyri declare that Thoth came from an Island of Flame (Atlantis was very volcanic, and perished in flames). The Turin Papyrus (1300 B.C.) lists Thoth as one of the ten kings who reigned during the "reign of the gods," more than 12,000 years ago.

Strabo, the Greek historian, records a tradition that Tartessos (on the Atlantic coast of Spain) had written records that go back 7,000 years before their time (500 B.C.), which is equivalent to saying that writing was being utilized on the Atlantic coast of Spain 9,500 years ago. These are strong traditions suggesting the existence of an older, unnamed culture in the west that had long been familiar with the art of writing.

One of the most important finds are the several hundreds of stones dating from the final stages of the Ice Age in a cave at Mas d'Azil in France. The 12,000-year-old Azilian rocks are painted with designs "which show astonishing similarity with later Greek and Latin letters" (Behn, 1948). Some experts have speculated that the cave might have been a writing school for Ice Age children.

Also, there are the bone calendars (date 20,000 B.C.), which until properly analyzed, could possibly represent a form of writing according to experts in anthropology and paleography (Marshack, 1972). Can a relationship be demonstrated between some of the better known western "alphabetic" (syllabic) writing systems and our Glozel prototype? The answer is, "Yes!"

First, there are the inscriptions on the Canary Islands (especially those on Hierro and Grand Canary): the script resembles Numidian and appears to be composed of some twenty four characters and a number of ideograms (Cline, 1953). There is also a "kinship" recognized between some of these Canary Island scripts and the Iberian and Sinai "alphabets" (Wolfel, 1942).

The Numidian (Berber) writing is "alphabetic" (technically a syllabary; Gelb, 1974). The Tuaregs of North Africa speak Tamachek, but their written language, T'ifinagh, is also "alphabetic" (syllabic) and is closely related to the Basque language. T'ifinagh is being forgotten before it can be either properly classified or translated (Friedrich, 1957). The close similarity between all these "western" systems, and their difference from the "eastern" cuneiform (Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian, Hittite, Ugaritic) systems cannot be ignored.

Even the Aymara Indians living along the shores of Lake Titicaca in South America were in possession of an ideographic form of writing when the Spanish conquistadors appeared on the scene (in spite of a ban on writing put in effect by the 63rd Inca ruler, Topu Gaui Pachacuti). Some of these signs correspond exactly to the characters found on the Canary Island tablets and among the Tuaregs and Berbers in North Africa (Wilkins, 1946).

Does all this sound familiar somehow? Basques, Berbers, Tuaregs, Guanches, and even the Aymaras of South America? We are talking about the same areas, the same people, the same language, and the same culture called "Atlantic" by learned scholars. In other words, our Cro-Magnon-Atlanteans.

There must have been a "western" prototype (which I believe we have in the Glozel Tablets), completely independent of the eastern writing system which evolved later in Sumar, for all these "Atlantic" systems to be so much alike. Prof. W. Z. Ripley (1899) agrees: "A system of writing seems also to have been invented in western Europe as far back as the Stone Age." We will demonstrate the validity of this startling statement in the article entitled Ancient Alphabets Compared.

1It is demonstrated on this website that all the so-called "alphabets" before the Greek invention of the vowel signs are technically syllabaries, but the topic under discussion here is the characters which form the components of these early writing systems. [Back]

title: User:Vuara/EVOLUTION OF WRITING


text:
Myski, Altai Krai

Myski (Мыски) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Gonokhovsky Selsoviet, Kamensky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 90 as of 2013. There are 5 streets.

Geography
Myski is located 34 km southeast of Kamen-na-Obi (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gonokhovo is the nearest rural locality.

title: Myski, Altai Krai


text:
Swiss units of measurement

A number of units of measurement were used in Switzerland to measure length, mass, etc. Metric system was optional in 1868, and has been compulsory since 1877.

System before metric system
Units were varied and were not in fixed values. During the transition to the metric system, units were fixed. Before 1856, almost every canton had its own system of units.

Length
A number of units were used to measure length. One pied (1 fuss) was equal to 0.30 m, according to the fixed value defined during the transition to the metric system. Some other units and their fixed values are given below:

1 ligne = 1/144 pied

1 linie = 1/144 pied

1 pouce = 1/12 pied

1 zoll = 1/12 pied

1 aune = 2 pied (or 4 pied )

1 elle = 2 pied

1 brache = 2 pied

1 toise = 6 pied

1 ruthe = 6 pied

1 perche = 16 pied (or 10 pied )

1 lieue = 16 000 pied. Lieue was used as a road measure.

Area
One arpent was 400 pied2 or 1.44 ha

Mass
A number of units were used to measure mass.

Ordinary
One livre (pfund of the Zollverein) was equal to 0.500 kg according to the fixed value defined during the transition to the metric system. Some other units and their fixed values are given below:

1 loth = 1/32 livre

1 once = 1/16 livre

1 quintal = 100 livre.

Medicine (apothecary or pharmacy)
One livre was equal to 0.375 kg according to the fixed value defined during the transition to the metric system. Some other units and their fixed values are given below:

1 grain = 1/5760 livre

1 scruple = 1/288 livre

1 drachme = 1/96 livre

1 once = 1/12 livre.

Capacity
Two main systems, dry and liquid, were used.

Dry
Several units were used to measure dry capacity. Some units are given below:

1 quarteron (divided into 1/4 and 1/16) = 10 emine =  15 L (0.4257 bushel)

1 double quarteron = 2 quarteron

1 sac = 10 quarteron.

Quarteron is the volume of 30 livre of pure water at 4 °C. Quarteron was equal to 5/9 of a cubic pied.

Liquid
Several units were used to measure dry capacity. Some units are given below:

1 setier = 25 pot

1 muid = 4 setiers

1 pot = 1.5 L (1.585 quarts). Pot was the bulk of 3 livres weight of pure water at the temperature of 4 °C. Pot was equal to 1/18 pied3 and was subdivided into 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8.

title: Swiss units of measurement


text:
Perl/Installing on Win32 Systems

Introduction
Most reference literature on perl discusses working with perl in unix-like environments. However, perl is readily available for installation and use on Win32 systems (that is, on systems running a Microsoft Windows OS system). There are two perl projects for Win32 systems that allow implementation of perl in Win32. The first, and perhaps most popular, is the ActiveState distribution of perl. ActiveState is a software company that has developed a proprietary release of perl which is available for free download and comes with readily available support systems. There is an alternative to the ActiveState software however. Strawberry Perl is a fully open source distribution of perl for Win32 systems. While Strawberry Perl is not as matured as ActiveState, it is well maintained and readily available for free download. Strawberry Perl offers a development methodology of perl that more closely resembles perl in its native development environment of unix-like systems. If one is studying perl from a book that discusses perl development primarily in a unix-like environment, Strawberry Perl may provide the most attractive Win32 distribution (its CPAN access system is particularly useful in this realm).

For further information regarding ActiveState Perl click here. For further information regarding Strawberry Perl click here.

ActiveState Perl
ActivePerl from ActiveState is the definitive Perl interpreter for Win32 systems. There are two versions that can be obtained. One comes with an extensive IDE and some extras, but the stripped down *nix version is free.

Installation is fairly straight forward. Download the installer. Double-click and choose the location for your installation. Difficulty is minimal.

Click Next

Accept the terms of the User Agreement

Choose the components you wish to install. Here you can decide to skip the examples or documentation if you wish.

Here yous should allow Perl to be added to the PATH variable. This will make it much easier to access the Perl interpreter from random places in the file system. The other options on this page deal with your preferences on file associations.

Now let the installer do your bidding and be done!

To verify that Perl is installed properly go to Start->Run->type "cmd"->at the command prompt type "Perl -v" and press enter.

You should see something like:

This is perl, v5.8.0 built for MSWin32-x86-multi-thread (with 1 registered patch, see perl -V for more detail)

Copyright 1987-2002, Larry Wall

Binary build 804 provided by ActiveState Corp. http://www.ActiveState.com Built 23:15:13 Dec 1 2002

Strawberry Perl
Strawberry Perl can be downloaded from its homepage here. First, the user must decide whether he or she wants to use version <IP_ADDRESS> of perl or version <IP_ADDRESS> of perl. Each version is compatible and usable on Win32 systems. <IP_ADDRESS> is simply the most recent release of perl which has some added capability that <IP_ADDRESS> lacks. However, <IP_ADDRESS> is being actively developed and worked upon while <IP_ADDRESS> is a static, finalized release. This is the primary reason both are offered. Once a choice is made, click on the the respective link in the pink boxes. This will download an executable to your downloads directory on your machine.

Once the appropriate executable is downloaded, open the executable and run it. This should take you to the Strawberry Perl Setup Wizard:

Click the 'Next' button to start configuring your installation options. First, you will be prompted for a Start Menu location via the following dialogue:

Changing the text in the location bar will change the name of the start menu directory you create. Alternatively, you can check the checkbox at the lower left hand of the dialogue screen to keep the installation from creating a start menu item for Strawberry Perl. Clicking 'Next' will take you you an installation confirmation screen that resembles the one below:

Once the 'Install' button is clicked, Strawberry Perl will download onto your machine in the directory: C:\strawberry where C:\ represents your local hard drive directory. Once the installation is complete, perl can be run from the command line in the same manner that it is run in unix-like environments. To verify that the perl interpreter will be can be accessed from any directory, you should check your PATH variable in your environment variable settings to make sure that the C:\strawberry directory is added to it. To do this in Windows XP, access your system settings via Control Panel --> System. Once there, access the "Advanced" tab. On the Advanced tab, click the "Environment Variables" button at the bottom of the dialogue box. This will pop up a new dialogue box titled "Environment variables". Locate the "System Variables" section of this new box, it will contain a list of names with a scrollbar at the side. Scroll down until you see the 'Path' variable. Select this variable and click edit. This pops up a third dialogue box with two text bars in it, one titled "Variable name:" and one titled "Variable value." Scroll to the rightmost end of the "Variable value" bar. at the end, with no spaces between semicolons, add the following text:

 * C:\strawberry\c\bin;C:\strawberry\perl\bin;

NOTE: If you use a different local hard drive designation other than C:\ you should substitute that designation where C:\ exists above.

Clicking 'Ok' to back out of all three dialogue boxes will add the strawberry perl directories to your default search realm for running programs. Thus, you can type 'perl sctriptname.pl' at your command line from any directory and windows will know to access the file via the perl interpreter. If your location for installing Strawberry Perl was different than the one listed above for some reason, you should add your appropriate directory path to the path variable rather than that in the preformatted box above.

Finally, for any questions or concerns relating to Strawberry Perl you can go here

 * Note: Strawberry Perl is an open source distribution of Perl originally founded by Adam Kennedy. All software and credit should be attributed to him and the Strawberry Perl team for doing such a great job on developing an open source distribution for windows.

External Strawberry Sources

 * Strawberry Perl Homepage
 * Strawberry Perl Support Page
 * Strawberry Perl Changes Page
 * Strawberry Perl article on the Win32 Perl wiki.
 * Strawberry Perl source code and distribution channels on Google Code.

Copyright 1987-2002, Larry Wall

Licensing
Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the GNU General Public License, which may be found in the Perl 5 source kit.

Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ lists, should be found on this system using 'man perl' or `perldoc perl'. If you have access to the Internet, point your browser at http://www.perl.org/, the Perl Home Page.

title: Perl/Installing on Win32 Systems


text:
-to-be

Suffix

 * 1) Future, later, expectant.

Usage notes

 * Attached to a wide range of nouns, including nearly any noun that denotes an acquired relationship.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * French: en devenir
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Swedish: ,

title: -to-be


text:
User:Kizer/Web Page/Dreamweaver/Project1

How to do Dreamweaver 12-13

1. First we’ll make the whole setup of the site. Make a layout table that is 722 x 777. Then, make a layout cell that is 722 x 50. Make another one below it that is 722 x 25. Make one that is 150 x 267 that is below the last and to the left. Make another one right below that one that is 150 x 243. One to the right of the last, 200 x 598. Make another that is in the top right open corner 322 x 77. Another right below that 322 x 190. Another to the bottom left 191 x 296. Another to the right (100 x 219).

2. Insert header.png into the very top one. Make sure you resize it to fit the cell.

3. Color the background of the one right below it black.

4. Insert pressroom.png into the bottom left cell from the last. Color the rest of the background #BAD755.

5. Click the cell right below the last one. Click the align center button. Now insert d3.png.

6. Click the cell to the right. Click the align center button again and insert image.jpg.

7. Go to the top right cell and insert points.png.

8. Skip the one right below the last and go to the one below it. Insert about.png in it

9. Insert contacts.png into the one to the right and change the background to #BAD755.

10. Type the following in press room: ''Keep up to date on Dennison Group's activites and announcements by checking the press releases regularly. For more information, please contact<PHONE_NUMBER>.''

11. Type this in the image.png cell: Imagine

...your home expressing your distinct personality

... your furnishing completmented by the right draperies, carpets, and accessories.

...walking into your home and wanting to stay forever...

We can make it real.

12. Change the background in the cell below Points to #E1EEB7 and insert this text:

''Dennison announces our newest online service- Marketplace. Marketplace will bring development and planning tools online for the interior design industry by matching you with the best industry retailers and manufacturers.''

''Target stores announce redesign in 2006 ... Dennison Group wins again... read more''

13. Type this into the about us cell:

Corporate Overview

Divisions

Timeline

Employment

Client Services

Awards and Recognition

You’re finished!!!


text:
1980 in Thailand

The year 1980 was the 199th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 35th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2523 in the Buddhist Era.

Incumbents

 * King: Bhumibol Adulyadej
 * Crown Prince: Vajiralongkorn
 * Prime Minister:
 * until 3 March: Kriangsak Chamanan
 * starting 3 March: Prem Tinsulanonda
 * Supreme Patriarch: Jinavajiralongkorn

title: 1980 in Thailand


text:
Frank Johnson (journalist)

Frank Robert Johnson (20 January 1943 – 15 December 2006) was an English journalist and editor.

Education
Johnson was born to a working class family in London. He was raised in Stoke Newington, and lived mostly at the family home into his thirties. He failed his 11-plus examination, and was educated at a state secondary school in Shoreditch, which he left at the age of 16. Unlike many senior journalists of his time, he did not have a background in further or higher education, and instead, had taken a job as a 'messenger' on a national newspaper.

Career
Johnson began his career in 1960 at the Walthamstow Post, and was a junior reporter at the North-West Evening Mail in Barrow-in-Furness from 1965 to 1966. One of the duties of news staff was to cover sport, which was an unwelcome intrusion into the weekend. Johnson once reported the score of a Barrow rugby league match inaccurately and was robustly criticised by his editor on the Monday morning. However, he never had to cover sport again. Later, Johnson wrote for the Nottingham Evening Post, the Liverpool Echo, The Sun, NOW!, and The Daily Telegraph, where he was a parliamentary sketch writer and leader writer from 1972 to 1979. His writing was known for its humour and turns of phrase, and he is credited with coining the phrase "chattering classes".

He wrote for The Times as a parliamentary sketch writer, then as a foreign correspondent in Paris and Bonn, from 1981 to 1988, before moving to The Sunday Telegraph as a columnist and editor from 1988 to 1995. He was the editor of the conservative Spectator magazine from 1995 to 1999, before returning to The Daily Telegraph.

Personal life
Johnson was an Anglican. He married Virginia Fraser, the widow of Simon Fraser, Master of Lovat, in 1998. He died from cancer at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital on 15 December 2006, aged 63. Though his declining health led him to step down as the Telegraph's sketch writer, he remained as a columnist for the paper, and wrote until the week of his death. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered in the south of France, where he and his wife owned a home.

title: Frank Johnson (journalist)


text:
Lady Jersey

Lady Jersey may refer to:

 * Frances Villiers, Countess of Jersey (1753–1821)
 * Sarah Villiers, Countess of Jersey (1785–1867)
 * Margaret Child-Villiers, Countess of Jersey (1849-1945)

title: Lady Jersey


text:
Category:Archers at the 2012 Summer Olympics

This category includes archers at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, England.


text:
Paulette Lenert

Paulette Lenert (born on 31 May 1968 in Luxembourg City) is a Luxembourgish lawyer and politician of the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party. She held the positions of Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Health, Minister Delegate of Social Security, and Minister of Consumer Protection. She was Minister of Development Cooperation and Humanitarian Affairs from 5 December 2018 to 4 February 2020.

History
After completing classical studies at the Athénée de Luxembourg, Lenert graduated in private and commercial law from the University Aix-Marseille III in 1991. Then she obtained a master's degree in European law at the University of London in 1992.

She was admitted as a lawyer to the bar of Luxembourg in 1992. In 1994, she became a justice attaché to the Ministry of Justice. From 1997 to 2010, she was the first judge and the deputy chairwoman of the Administrative Court of Luxembourg. She was the first government counsellor to the Minister of Solidarity Economy between 2010 and 2013.

In 2013, she headed the newly established Facilitation Unit for Urban Planning and Environment. Following the 2013 cabinet reshuffles, she joined the Ministry of the Civil Service as a first government councillor. She became the general coordinator of the ministry in 2014. In addition, she was appointed as an executive to the National Institute for Public Administration. She resigned from these offices when she joined the government.

On 5 December 2018, after the general election, Lenert became the Minister of Development Cooperation and Humanitarian Affairs and Minister of Consumer Protection within the coalition ministry made by the Democratic Party, the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party and The Greens.

On 4 February 2020, following the resignation of Etienne Schneider, Lenert became Minister of Health. Franz Fayot took over the Ministry of Development Cooperation and Humanitarian Affairs on the same date.

Since 18 November 2023, she has been a Member of the Chamber of Deputies.

She lives in Mondorf-les-Bains in southeastern Luxembourg.

title: Paulette Lenert


text:
User:Pradip pathak/sandbox

Pradip Pathak a Nepali movie serial director, comedy actor, producer. Pradip Pathak was born on 24th October at Kavrepalanchok, Temal. Pradip Pathak mimicry more than hundred plus people. Pradip Pathak was famous in tv serial and program in the role of Nakkali Prachanda. He was started his acting field at 2064 bs. Over 2,500 performances have been seen at the stage show. Former prime ministers Girija Prasad, Prachanda, Sushil, Jhalanath and dozens of famous leaders received respect. Pradip Pathak started acting from a child artist.

title: User:Pradip pathak/sandbox


text:
Talk:Pantego, Texas

Improvements on April 20 2007
Added History and Law and Government sections, added links. Improved article header. Consider promoting to B-Class. <IP_ADDRESS> 21:09, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

Pantego Christian Acadamy
I looked at this awhile back and couldn't find any evidence that it was in Pantego, so I was surprised to see a recent edit saying it was. I checked out the references and neither of them claimed it was in Pantego. I then checked the city map provided at one of the references against a satellite map at Google of the street address. The street address and what looks to be the school complex appear to lie entirely outside Pantego. Yes, I know this is WP:Original Research and I'd be happy to defer to any reliable source that said the school was in Pantego. However, my research plus not seeing such a claim at the citations provided reaffirms my belief that this school is in Arlington, not Pantego. davidwr/ (talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail)  19:31, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
 * The main chunk turns out to be in Arlington, but PCA bought a shopping center to the west to use as a high school building, and that is in Pantego. WhisperToMe (talk) 02:35, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pantego, Texas


text:
Muskoka Lakes Association

Muskoka Lakes Association ("MLA") was established in 1894 in what is now the District of Muskoka on Ontario, Canada. It is Canada's oldest continuously operating cottage association. The MLA represents cottagers' interests in a variety of manners designed to promote the responsible enjoyment and conservation of the lakes in Muskoka.

Geographic Territory
The MLA is based in Port Carling, the seat of the Township of Muskoka Lakes, but MLA is considerably older than the Township of Muskoka Lakes, which bears a similar name; its endeavors are not limited to the geographic area of the Township. MLA operates throughout the district of Muskoka covering the approximately 1600 lakes in all six Area Municipalities: Georgian Bay, Muskoka Lakes, Lake of Bays, Huntsville, Bracebridge, and Gravenhurst.

Activities
MLA's activities can be divided into two main categories: political and social. MLA represents cottagers' (mostly waterfront property owners') political interests at both the District and Town or Township ("Area Municipalities") level, reporting regularly to its constituents. Politically, the MLA is actively involved in water quality issues., taxation, and development planning. Socially, MLA sponsors events throughout the year, including regattas, sporting events, agricultural events, and the Antique Boat Show in Gravenhurst. Specific recurring events include:
 * Seedling Day
 * Antique Boat Show
 * Aquatic Regatta
 * Mixed Bonspiel
 * Sailing Regatta

Size
MLA has approximately 200 volunteers serving 13,000 cottage members

title: Muskoka Lakes Association


text:
Old County Hall, Truro

Old County Hall is a municipal facility at Station Road in Truro, Cornwall. The old County Hall, which was the headquarters of Cornwall County Council from 1912 to 1966, is a Grade II listed building.

History
In the 19th century the Shire Hall in Bodmin was well established as the venue for dispensing justice in the county. However, following the implementation of the Local Government Act 1888, which established county councils in every county, it became necessary to find a meeting place for Cornwall County Council. The county council chose to meet in Truro rather than Bodmin, and for its first few years held meetings at the Municipal Buildings in Truro.

County leaders subsequently decided to procure a purpose-built county hall: the site they selected was occupied by open fields just to the west of Truro railway station. The new building, which was designed by Thomas Ball Silcock in the Neo-Georgian style, was built between 1910 and 1912. The design involved a symmetrical main frontage with eleven bays facing onto Station Road with the end bays slightly projected forwards; the central section, which also slightly projected forward, featured a bow-shaped porch with Tuscan order columns; there was a round headed window on the first floor and a pediment above; there was a cupola with a weather vane at roof level. Internally, the principal room was the council chamber which was at the centre of the building. The building was formally opened on 14 August 1912. The building, which became increasing blackened with soot from the local factory chimneys, was extended in 1925 and again in 1939.

After the county council moved to New County Hall at Treyew Road in July 1966, the Old County Hall site continued to be used by the Cornwall Record Office. The Board of Inquiry into the loss of the pleasure cruiser MV Darlwyne, which resulted in the deaths of thirty-one people (two crew and twenty-nine passengers including eight children), was held in the Old County Hall in December 1966. The position of Truro as the county town was consolidated during the late 1960s when, following the closure of Bodmin General railway station in 1967, the crown court moved to Truro as well.

The building was acquired by a developer, Nigel Carpenter, in July 2012 and much of the building was subsequently converted for residential use. Although the proposals included a hotel and a spa, those aspects of the proposal did not progress. The Cornwall Record Office moved to Kresen Kernow in September 2019.

title: Old County Hall, Truro


text:
User:Ashreyn888/sandbox

a pola bear is verry harmfull if it looks atyou u need to freeze they are big white heary monsters and there habbitat is in a cave where they sleep u would ussualy find them in snowy mountains.

they have verry sharp teeth and are sometines out at day.

title: User:Ashreyn888/sandbox


text:
User:Fred sienkiewicz

I'm a musician pursuing a Master's Degree in Trumpet Performance at the New England Conservatory of Music. I recieved a Bachelor's Degree, Summa Cum Laude and Departmental Honors, in Music Performance from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, with a minor in Computer Science. While I am in training to become a professional freelance/orchestral/chamber musician, I am also a technology/computer science/free culture enthusiast. As a creative artist, I see an important field of convergence between my passions in the current debates over copyright laws, software patents, and the public domain as we transition to a digital culture.

See my website for more info: http://fred.sienkiewicz.org

title: User:Fred sienkiewicz


text:
Sky Meadows State Park

Sky Meadows State Park is a 1862 acre park in the Virginia state park system. It is located in extreme northwest Fauquier County, Virginia in the Blue Ridge Mountains, near Paris, Virginia. It is about an hour outside of the Washington, D.C. metro region.

History and amenities
The park was formed when Paul Mellon donated 1132 acre of land in 1975. The name Sky Meadows came from former owner Sir Robert Hadow, who named the property "Skye Farm" after the Isle of Skye in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland. The park opened to the public on 27 August 1983. It has expanded its borders twice since then—248 acre were added in 1987, containing the Appalachian Trail, and in 1991 Mellon donated an additional 462 acre, bringing the park to its present size.

It is located near Paris, Virginia off US 17, 1 mi south of US 50 and 7 mi north of Interstate 66.

It starts in a valley between the foothills and the Blue Ridge Mountains, then has meadows and forests stretching up to the ridge of the mountain and the Appalachian Trail.

There is a basic walk-in campground, over 12 mi of hiking trails and 6 mi of bridle paths. The horse trails are east of US 17 and the hiking trails (and most of the park) is west of US 17.

With a combination of meadows, grazed fields, forest, scrub, and streams, it has a wide variety of ecological zones.

Most of the year, there are monthly "astronomy nights" where amateur astronomers bring their telescopes and use them to show attendees various celestial objects. Typically, an astronomer from the Smithsonian Institution is among the leaders. The park was designated as an International Dark Sky Park by DarkSky International in April 2021.

Sky Meadows is a year-round bird watching site. It is known for a colony of red-headed woodpeckers that live in an oak grove just past the contact station. Depending on the time of the year, it is almost certain that this and the other six species of woodpeckers—downy, hairy, red-bellied, yellow-bellied sapsucker, pileated, and northern flicker—commonly found in this part of Virginia will be present.

Except for "astronomy nights", the park closes at dusk, and campers must be in the park and others out of the park at that time.

Mt. Bleak-Skye Farm
Mt. Bleak-Skye Farm is a national historic district located in Sky Meadows State Park. The district encompasses 23 contributing buildings including barns, 1 contributing site, and 3 contributing structures dating between 1780 and 1954. The oldest is the $1 1/2$-story, Wayside Cottage dated to about 1780. It also includes the Timberlake farmstead (c. 1860), Federal-style Mount Bleak mansion (c. 1843), and the frame Meeting House (c. 1845).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

title: Sky Meadows State Park


text:
I Remember Nelson

I Remember Nelson is a British historical television series portraying the relationship between Horatio Nelson and Emma Hamilton in the period leading up the Battle of Trafalgar. It first aired in four parts on ITV between 21 February and 18 April 1982.

Selected cast

 * Kenneth Colley as Vice-Adm. Horatio Viscount Nelson
 * Tim Pigott-Smith as Capt. Thomas Hardy
 * Geraldine James as Lady Emma Hamilton
 * John Clements as Sir William Hamilton
 * Michael Harbour as Captain Blackwood
 * Raf Vallone as Caracciolo
 * Paolo Bonacelli as King Ferdinando
 * Harriet Reynolds as Queen Maria Carolina
 * Vernon Dobtcheff as Cardinal Ruffo
 * Peter Clapham as Diplomat
 * Una Brandon-Jones as Nurse
 * Tina Ruta as Emma's Maid
 * Phil Daniels as William Blackie
 * Anna Massey as Lady Frances Nelson
 * Daniel Massey as William Beckford
 * Ken Kitson as Mangan
 * Laurence Naismith as Rev. Edmund Nelson
 * Sylvester Morand as Lord Byron
 * John Forbes-Robertson as Lord Spencer
 * Mike Edmonds as Pirate

title: I Remember Nelson


text:
reformulation

Noun

 * 1) The act of formulating anew.
 * 2) A new formulation.

Translations

 * French:
 * Italian: riformulazione

 * French:
 * Italian: riformulazione

title: reformulation


text:
Wikiversity talk:Open Proxies/List7

the last 500 on this are done. I'll come back to do the first some other day --Rayc 02:39, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity talk:Open Proxies/List7


text:
Minister of Housing (New Zealand)

The Minister of Housing is a minister in the New Zealand Government with responsibility for the government's house-building programme. The position was established in 1938 as Minister in charge of Housing, and has most commonly been known as Minister of Housing. Other iterations have included the Minister of Building and Housing, the Minister of Social Housing, and the Minister of Housing and Urban Development.

The present Minister is Chris Bishop.

History
The First Labour Government created the position of Minister in charge of Housing in 1938, to oversee the government's state housing agenda. Responsibility for housing was part of the Works portfolio for some years until the restoration of the Housing portfolio by the Second National Government in 1949.

Until the 1970s, the Housing portfolio was often held in conjunction with responsibility for the State Advances Corporation; the Corporation was dissolved and much of its responsibility transferred to the new Housing Corporation of New Zealand in 1974. In the 1990s, under the significant redistribution of responsibility that occurred following Jenny Shipley's appointment as Prime Minister, responsibility for housing issues was divided between three ministers: the Minister for Social Services, Work and Income; the Minister responsible for the Housing Corporation of New Zealand; and the Minister responsible for Housing New Zealand. The Housing Corporation and Housing New Zealand merged into a single entity, Housing New Zealand Corporation, on 6 March 2002.

A separate Minister for Building Issues (later Minister for Building and Construction) was established by the Fourth Labour Government as the Ministry of Housing was expanded to become the Department of Building and Housing. Under the Fifth National Government, the government's focus shifted from providing state houses to providing "social houses," which meant that income-related rent subsidies could be paid to non-governmental community housing providers. While this Government had once combined social housing and building regulation responsibility in a combined "Building and Housing" portfolio, this was disestablished in December 2016 and divided between the Minister for Social Housing and the Minister for Building and Construction.

Following the, the Labour-New Zealand First-Green coalition government revamped the portfolio as the Minister of Housing and Urban Development. Phil Twyford was appointed as Housing Minister. On 1 October 2018, Housing Minister Twyford launched a new government department called the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development to advise the Government on housing and urban development issues. During a 2019 cabinet reshuffle the housing and urban development portfolio was split into three positions; appointing Megan Woods as Minister of Housing, Kris Faafoi as Associate Minister of Housing (for rentals), and Twyford as Minister of Urban Development. After the Woods was confirmed as Minister of Housing while the urban development portfolio was abolished completely. In early 2021, the Labour government was criticised by the opposition government and some housing industry stakeholders, who said the government has failed to address New Zealand's out-of-control house prices.

List of ministers

 * Key

title: Minister of Housing (New Zealand)


text:
Moira Redmond

Moira Redmond (14 July 1928 – 16 March 2006) was an English actress.

Biography
She was born in Bognor Regis, Sussex, England. Her parents were actors and director managers, although she was also cared for by other relatives. Her grandfather was the actor manager playwright E Hill Mitchelson.

As a young actress, she joined the Windmill Girls (evoked in the film Mrs Henderson Presents) who performed non-stop revues and nude tableaux at the Windmill Theatre in the West End. Several years later, she married her first husband and emigrated to Australia, but the marriage did not endure so she returned to Britain in 1957. While in Australia, Redmond became a successful radio actress. She played in the major radio features, Caltex Theatre and General Motors' Hour as well as plays for the Australian Broadcasting Commission. Her best remembered radio drama was Lindsay Hardy's Stranger in Paradise alongside Guy Doleman, a New Zealand actor who later had a movie career both in the US and Britain. She made her stage debut as an understudy to Vivien Leigh in Peter Brook's revival of Titus Andronicus with Laurence Olivier. In July of that year, she made her London debut at the Stoll in the same production.

In 1958, she made her film debut in a thriller, entitled Violent Moment (1958), which was followed by several more roles in the films Doctor in Love (1960), Jigsaw (1962), A Shot in the Dark (1964) and several B-film thrillers.

Meanwhile, her theatrical career had taken off with roles in Verdict (Strand), in which she played Helen Rollander; Detour After Dark (Fortune Theatre), Horizontal Hold (Comedy Theatre); Patrick Peace Hotel (Queen's); The Winter's Tale (Cambridge Theatre) and Flint (Comedy Theatre).

She was also a founder member of the Actors' Company with Ian McKellen. Redmond appeared as a page in Iris Murdoch's The Three Arrows (17 October – 11 November 1972) along with McKellen. She played at the Edinburgh Festival as Helen of Troy in The Trojan Women with Flora Robson, and as Hermione in The Winter's Tale with Laurence Harvey.

Throughout the 1960s, she appeared in London and the provinces in the plays of Alan Ayckbourn; she was also Lady Sheerwell in Jonathan Miller's revival of Sheridan's The School for Scandal; Maria in Twelfth Night; Mrs Wickstead in Habeas Corpus; Brand's mother in Brand; and Jocasta in Stephen Spender's trilogy Oedipus. She later toured South America for the British Council in revivals of Habeas Corpus and Shaw's Heartbreak House (as Hesione). Film appearances included three of the Edgar Wallace Mysteries. Her television appearances in the 1960s included a role in Hot Snow (the debut episode of the first series of The Avengers) and in Danger Man and The Baron among others.

By the 1970s, she was increasingly in demand for television series, her theatrical training earning her roles in some of the best known television dramas of the period, including Edward the Seventh (playing Edward's mistress Alice Keppel); I, Claudius (in which she played Domitia, Claudius's mother-in-law); and Boswell's London Journey. She also appeared in Dixon of Dock Green, Thriller (1 episode, 1974), and The Sweeney. In 1994 she appeared in an adaptation of Hand in Glove part of a series called The Inspector Alleyn Mysteries.

Personal life
She was twice married and divorced: firstly to Anthony Hughes and secondly to Herbert Wise (1962–1972). Moira Redmond died of a heart attack on 16 March 2006 at a nursing home in south east London. She had been suffering from senile dementia for some years.

Selected filmography

 * Violent Moment (1959) as Kate Glennon
 * Doctor in Love (1960) as Sally Nightingale
 * Edgar Wallace Mysteries – Marriage of Convenience (1960) as Tina
 * Pit of Darkness (1961) as Julie Logan
 * Edgar Wallace Mysteries – Partners in Crime (1961) as Freda Strickland
 * Jigsaw (1962) as Joan Simpson
 * Kill or Cure (1962) as Frances Roitman (Clifford's Secretary)
 * Freud: The Secret Passion (1962) as Nora Wimmer
 * Edgar Wallace Mysteries – The Share Out (1962) as Diana Marsh
 * Nightmare (1964) as Grace Maddox
 * A Shot in the Dark (1964) as Simone
 * Danger Man – Parallel Lines Sometimes Meet (1965) as Maj Nicola Tarasova
 * The Limbo Line (1968) as Ludmilla

title: Moira Redmond


text:
Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Velocity and Acceleration

Conservation of mass : The total mass in a closed system remains constant. Mass can not be created or destroyed[*]. It can, however, change forms.

Density is defined as mass divided by volume

$$\rho = \frac{m}{V}$$

[*] Usually. There are exceptions in some extreme situations.


text:
Talk:List of United Kingdom locations: Hi-Hz

Rather a long list; should this article be split?--Holdenhurst 12:29, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Should "Local authority" be something like "County or Unitary"? Obviously, there are several local authorities in say Essex.--Holdenhurst 12:58, 9 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Hi, See Talk:List of United Kingdom locations where some of the issues you mention are discussed. GameKeeper 13:20, 9 February 2007 (UTC)