text:
Strangers (Merle Haggard album)

Strangers is the debut studio album by American country music artist Merle Haggard. It was released on September 27, 1965, by Capitol Records.

Background
Haggard had already recorded several sides for Tally, a record label formed by cousins Lewis Talley and Fuzzy Owen, when he was approached by producer Ken Nelson to jump to Capitol. Initially Haggard refused, opting to remain loyal to Owen and Talley, but Tally Records did not have the resources to break Haggard, who was creating quite a buzz in California. In Daniel Cooper's essay for the 1994 retrospective Down Every Road, Nelson remembers, "So I called Fuzzy, and I said, 'Hey, come on, get down here and let's settle this thing. Because you're not gonna sell records. You don't have the facilities, you don't have the promotion department, you don't have anything.'  So he came down, and we signed Merle, and I bought all of his masters. And that's how Merle came on the label." The deal meant Capitol obtained nearly two albums worth of material, including the recordings Haggard had made with Bonnie Owens. Fuzzy Owen became Haggard's manager and co-producer with Nelson at Capitol. The name of the album inspired his backup band's name The Strangers.

Recording and composition
Haggard had recorded "Sing a Sad Song" for Tally, first hearing the Wynn Stewart composition when he played bass for Stewart in 1962. The song made it to number 19 on the Billboard country singles chart in 1963, but Haggard's first Top 10 hit was the Liz Anderson-penned "(My Friends Are Gonna Be) Strangers." In his 1981 autobiography Merle Haggard: Sing Me Back Home, Haggard recalls having been talked into visiting Anderson—a woman he didn't know—at her house to hear her sing some songs she had written. "If there was anything I didn't wanna do, it was sit around some danged woman's house and listen to her cute little songs. But I went anyway. She was a pleasant enough lady, pretty, with a nice smile, but I was all set to be bored to death, even more so when she got out a whole bunch of songs and went over to an old pump organ...There they were. My God, one hit right after another. There must have been four or five number one songs there..." Anderson also wrote "The Worst is Yet to Come" and would be responsible for Haggard's future hit "I'm a Lonesome Fugitive." Haggard wrote or co-wrote half the songs on the LP, as he had been developing his own skills as a songwriter under Owen's tutelage at the time. At Haggard's first Capitol recording session in April 1965, he cut "If I Had Left It Up to You" and "I'm Gonna Break Every Heart I Can." The Strangers album is composed of new Capitol recordings, his early singles, and a couple of Tally leftovers. "Sam Hill," for example, had peaked at number forty-five after its June 1964 release. The song, written by friend and mentor Tommy Collins, was not one of Haggard's favorites, with the singer recalling in his 1999 memoir My House of Memories, "I'm glad 'Sam Hill' wasn't a big hit. I didn't much like the song and had it been a giant hit I would have hated to have sung it for the next fifty years." Although Haggard came from the harder-edged Bakersfield Sound, five of the twelve songs are sweetened by strings, one of the hallmarks of the Nashville sound. In addition, a Marty Robbins influence is clearly evident in Haggard's singing on "I'd Trade All of My Tomorrows" and "You Don't Even Try."

Critical reception
Strangers was a hit album, reaching number 9 on the Billboard country albums chart. In Merle Haggard: The Running Kind, Haggard biographer David Cantwell writes, "Haggard didn't come off as a particularly distinctive artist on Strangers, but his derivativeness was of a high and promising quality."

Critic Steven Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic calls it "an impressive debut," conceding that "there is some filler on Strangers, but that was the case for nearly every country album recorded in the '60s. What counts is the good stuff and the best songs on the record richly illustrate Haggard's talent and his potential."

Personnel

 * Merle Haggard – vocals, guitar
 * Roy Nichols - guitar
 * Ralph Mooney - steel guitar
 * George French, Jr. - piano
 * Tommy Collins - guitar
 * Wynn Stewart - guitar
 * Gene Moles – guitar
 * Phil Baugh – guitar
 * Clifford Hills - fiddle
 * Bobby Austin – bass
 * Robert Morris - bass
 * Helen Price – drums
 * Henry Sharpe - drums

title: Strangers (Merle Haggard album)


text:
User:Gustavail

I am here to make useful contributions. I have a neuro-atypicallity that means I respond well to gentle polite criticism. I am happy to change my behaviour if you talk to me about it. Please resist the urge to use templates. They are hateful and do not provide any information that you can't give me by just talking to me.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Gustavail


text:
Dumsor

In Ghana, dumsor ( 'off and on') is a persistent, irregular, and unpredictable electric power outage. It is usually caused by a power supply shortage.

Terminology
The term is derived from two separate words from the Asante Twi, the Akuapem Twi or Fante dialects of the Akan language, dum ('to turn off or quench') and sɔ ('to turn on or to kindle'), and so the term roughly translates as "off-and-on". The term has also evolved into dum dum: sɔ no mma ('off and off') because of the increase in the intensity of the power outages.

In 2018, a new term was coined by the energy minister who referred to the dumsor as, as compared to the intermittent power outages now dum so, as the country faces outages.

By early 2019, Ghanaians began to experience another wave of a controversial dumsor or load shedding, whose schedule was not published, despite the norm. Ghana's Parliament was even divided on how to call it. This thus ushered in the term : meaning  off for a considerably long time or  off all the time; supposedly, a superlative form of dumsor.

While officials of Ghana's energy sector regulators claimed that dumsaa, the new wave of dumsor, was due to transmission failures, sector analysts believed dumsaa was a matter of gross corporate liquidity mismanagement.

History
Ghana's power supply became erratic in early 2001. There was reduced generation capacity, due to a significant drop in water levels at the Akosombo Dam (Ghana's main hydro-electric dam). Water levels rose and the power crisis was temporarily resolved in late 2008.

Ghanaian generating capacity by 2015 was 400-600 megawatts, less than Ghana needed. Ghanaian electricity distributors regularly shed load with rolling blackouts. At the beginning of 2015, the dumsor schedule went from 24 hours with light and 12 without to 12 hours with light and 24 without. The long blackouts contrast with the practice in other countries, where blackouts roll rapidly so that no residential area is without power for more than one hour at a time.

In August 2012, the government told Ghanaians that a ship's anchor cut the West African Gas Pipeline (WAGP), forcing gas turbines to shut down for lack of fuel. Since 2012, load shedding has become a regular experience, and the country has plunged into a major power crisis.

Social and economic effects
Many Ghanaian companies were collapsing due to the irregularity of the power supply. The Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER), in a report, stated that Ghana lost about 1 billion dollars in 2014 alone because of dumsor. A woman in labour at the Bawku Presby Hospital who gave birth and was on oxygen lost both her life and that of the unborn baby after power supply went off in February 2016.

Electronic equipment has been avoidably damaged, and refrigerated food regularly spoiled. Contrary to the published load shedding schedule, blackouts concentrated on poorer neighbourhoods of Accra. Health and safety was also harmed, with hospitals having no light, and electricity to run fans, contributed to an increasing malaria risk.

Political effects
The 2004-2005 load shedding period happened under President John Agyekum Kufuor's administration but was not too frequent as during the tenure of John Dramani Mahama. The 2009–2011 load shedding period began when John Dramani Mahama was in government as Vice President. After the death of then President John Evans Atta Mills during when the persistent on and off nature of the power supply in the country became abhorrent, Ghanaians out of frustration named the situation dumsor. The Mahama government blamed it on the government's inability to add significant generating capacity over the years and promised to fix this. Karpower Burge was brought in to solve the problem.

The Ghanaian transmission system has been criticized by the World Bank for its poor financial and operational practices.

The Ghanaian Ministry of Power was created in November 2014, using the same staff as the continuing Ghanaian Ministry of Energy. Ghanaian actress Yvonne Nelson then started the #dumsormuststop campaign on social media and other Ghanaian celebrities joined her. Subsequently, hundreds attended a vigil in Accra on 16 May 2015 to protest against dumsor.

Mitigation
The Ghanaian government has plans to diversify its energy sources, using more renewables. It is also working to encourage energy conservation.

Usage
The word has been used by the general public in Ghana since 2012 in expressing anger, fun, mockery, worry and disappointment about the authorities and the ruling government.

It has also gained popularity via social media websites such as Twitter and Facebook with the hashtag #Dumsor. In 2015, John Mahama used the word in a state visit to Germany while talking with Angela Merkel. He said he has been nicknamed "Mr. Dumsor" due to the power crisis, which he attributed to Nigeria for not supplying gas as required to Ghana through the West Africa Gas Pipeline.

In a speech lamenting the poor electricity supply across Sub-Saharan African states, P. L. O. Lumumba, the Kenya lawyer and Pan-Africanist used the phrase dumsor dumsor making a statement that, "this dumsorization of African must stop".

title: Dumsor


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/elokab.es

Links

 * elokab.es resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * elokab.es is hosted on elokab.com.ng
 * elokab.com.ng resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 16 additions.


text:
Portal talk:Audio engineering

Alright!
Alright! This school seems to be accumulating more and more people's interest. What do we want to collaborate on? --HappyCamper 23:02, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I really want to find out about how to record sounds (predominantly made with things other than musical instruments) and then use those sounds to make music. I'll need to use some sort of software to do this - does anyone know where to point me in terms of what equipment I need to get or what software i should use? In terms of what we could collaborate on - how about a tutorial on free software to use, for a start? Or perhaps simply display the process of engineering sounds to different effects - through recording something you've done and describing that process? I'm really interested in this displaying the process of doing/making/creating something - thereby allowing others to follow in your footsteps and make their own discoveries along the way. If someone would allow me to walk a while in their footsteps here, I would most appreciate it! Cormaggio 23:35, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, there is the synthesizer...Actually google free synthesizer should do the trick... --HappyCamper 22:19, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I actually already have Reason (which has a synthesizer), and which is a pretty widely used professional program, but I can't get it to work as I don't have the bank of sounds CD to make it work. If I can't get it to work, I'll try out some of the ones I've just found through googling (limited, as I use Mac OSX). But first, I need to actually record the sounds.. :-) Cormaggio 01:11, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Have you got that working now? :-) --HappyCamper 03:57, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I should have the Reason sound bank soon. :-) Cormaggio 16:26, 8 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Cormaggio - :P. Okay, get that up and running and maybe we can do something interesting. Is your interest to create something classical sounding, or something more modern? Or something in between? --HappyCamper 22:57, 8 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Euch - that song/video is a complete pile of turd :-). Speaking of genres, I'm quite eclectic in taste (though quite particular as you can see!) - I suppose my proposed experiments here would be considered "modern" alright, or "electronic" - think, perhaps, Bjork's Medulla. Though I'm also very interested in folk as well as classical :-P. Cormaggio 13:30, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Check out Sharp Hall's phone sample project. Neat Idea from one of the folks at UNIT-E Records. --CQ 09:03, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Cormaggio - If I am not mistake what you are trying to do is similar to Musique Concrete. How to record the sounds depends on the sounds you want.  You could just run a mic into your computer and record or if you wanted sounds from outside the studio you would need a portable recorder.  I am new to the whole wiki thing but what about splitting recording up into field recording and studio recording seems like a good place to start.  From there the learning projects could just continue down the production line into mixing and mastering for music or film.Jeffs 01:03, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the links, people! Musique concréte - I think I'd heard of it long ago before I ever thought I would ever be doing this myself. Btw, I've now got my recording equipment - the next step is to do some recording, put it together into compositions etc, and generally learn through experience. I'll post results/ideas here as we go.. Cormaggio beep 23:36, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

Spanish sound
The spanish "department" is looking for people to record sound files for vocabulary words. Anyone know where to put this notice?--Rayc 20:39, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

Dialogues for Space Traffic Control game
The people working on Space Traffic Control are looking for people to record parts for dialogue inside the game between Space Traffic Controllers and ships. If you are interested in helping us out go to this link We really need multiple voices so any assistance is greatly appreciated. All you need is a sound capable PC, a microphone, and a software tool like Audicity. If you need assistance with recording or uploading the file leave a message on my talk page. Thanks! Mirwin 02:13, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Audio engineering


text:
MediaWiki:Exporttext

You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. This may then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software through use of    :Import.

To export Wikibook module pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit.

In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g.    :Export/Chess for the main Wikibook module Chess.

title: MediaWiki:Exporttext


text:
redondo

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) round

Etymology
From (13th century, ), from, from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Doublet of the borrowing.

Adjective

 * 1) round
 * 2)  round
 * 3)  complete, optimal

Etymology
From, from , from. Compare 🇨🇬. Doublet of the borrowing.

Adjective

 * 1) round circular, cylindrical or spherical in shape
 * 2)  round not having a fractional part, or ending in zeroes
 * 3)  clear and definitive
 * 1)  clear and definitive

Adverb

 * 1)  smoothly without causing unpleasant sensations

Etymology
, from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Cognate with 🇨🇬 and. Doublet of the borrowing.

Adjective

 * 1) round circular, cylindrical, or spherical
 * 2) round of a number, without fractions
 * 3) complete, successful, profitable

title: redondo


text:
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/DinoBernie66/Archive

Suspected sockpuppets

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sun_Kil_Moon&oldid=972769135 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sun_Kil_Moon&oldid=972769948 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sun_Kil_Moon&oldid=972770196 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sun_Kil_Moon&oldid=972770335 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sun_Kil_Moon&oldid=972772811 Finally creating an account to do this https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sun_Kil_Moon&oldid=972773337 ♥ Melody ♥ 20:00, 13 August 2020 (UTC)

 * User is repeatedly removing content from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sun_Kil_Moon

Comments by other users

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * I've rangeblocked the IP addresses and I see you've given the named account a 4im vandalism warning. I think that's enough for now; if they continue we can semi-protect the page and block this user, but odds are this is a throwaway. GeneralNotability (talk) 20:16, 13 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Wikiversity:Maintenance

Welcome to the Wikiversity Maintenance Hub!

Maintenance is one of the most important things that anyone can do at Wikiversity, along with teaching, learning and researching. Wikiversity constantly needs people to maintain the site, and anyone can get involved in maintaining Wikiversity. You don't have to ask - you can just pick some open tasks and get on with the job! Below you can find plenty of information and links to start you off with your maintenance "career" here. When you become better at maintenance tasks, you can start to identify new tasks that need doing and add them to the lists and categories.

If you stay around Wikiversity for long, and especially if you take part in maintenance, you'll soon come across the term custodian, which is what we call an "admin" or someone with "sysop privileges". Custodians have access to a few extra options on the MediaWiki interface, which enable them to do some maintenance operations faster, and do other maintenance operations which might have more radical effects on Wikiversity. For example, custodians can delete pages and block disruptive users. These operations are things which it is generally felt that not everyone should have access to. If you find a job which needs a custodian, then feel welcome to ask one!

Sometimes people decide it might be a nice idea to become a "custodian" themselves. If you want to: here's a quick how-to. First, realise that custodians (or admins) do a lot of pretty unpleasant boring jobs and end up sacrificing a lot of their family/holiday time. It's hardly a prestigious job. Secondly, before you even think of applying, get experience with a lot of the maintenance jobs below which anyone can do. This is a good way to show that you are suitable material for doing chores! But remember: if you enjoy making Wikiversity a better place by maintaining it, you don't have to be a custodian. Quite the opposite: ordinary users are especially welcome at the maintenance hub, and we hope the majority of people who come here will be ordinary users who just enjoy taking a few minutes to make Wikiversity a better place for everyone.

Oh - and finally, an especially big thank you to everyone who participates at the maintenance hub:

Thank you!

Ongoing tasks and taskforces
These are things that anyone can help with.

 * Opentask - this is a template of open tasks which some users keep on their user pages; update it to keep users informed of ongoing activity.
 * Category Maintenance Taskforce - maintaining and updating Categories from the down through the CategoryTree
 * Template Taskforce - Checking, improving, creating, testing and implementing templates used at Wikiversity
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 * Introduction Overhaul Taskforce - a task force which deals with introducing Wikiversity to newcomers.
 * Welcoming committee: an informal group of contributors who welcome new users and help them get started.
 * Candidates for Custodianship - view and comment on recent candidacies
 * Custodian feedback - are existing custodians doing a good job?
 * Participants - the participants list will need updating regularly - at least once a month - with recently very active editors and other significant information about participants.

Cleanup and maintenance categories
These are more things that anyone can help with.

 * Cleanup double redirects (note: see User:Mu301Bot for automated cleanup test)
 * Cleanup double redirects (note: see User:Mu301Bot for automated cleanup test)
 * Cleanup double redirects (note: see User:Mu301Bot for automated cleanup test)
 * Cleanup double redirects (note: see User:Mu301Bot for automated cleanup test)
 * Cleanup double redirects (note: see User:Mu301Bot for automated cleanup test)
 * Cleanup double redirects (note: see User:Mu301Bot for automated cleanup test)
 * Cleanup double redirects (note: see User:Mu301Bot for automated cleanup test)
 * Cleanup double redirects (note: see User:Mu301Bot for automated cleanup test)
 * Cleanup double redirects (note: see User:Mu301Bot for automated cleanup test)

Ongoing tasks for custodians
Many of these tasks depend on some degree of involvement by ordinary Wikiversity participants, such as proposing items for addition to these lists, and commenting on them.

 * Requests for deletion: custodians normally only delete if user discussion favors it.
 * : users can track down possible copyright problems and ask uploaders to clarify copyright status where a problem may exist. Pages can be added to this category with copyrighted so that custodians know action is requested.
 * Requests for custodian action
 * Notices for custodians: very much like "requests for custodian action", except that it gets overlooked.
 * Managing vandalism: a course which anyone can take, but especially valuable for custodians.
 * Monitor Special:Shortpages for pages that have been blanked - rollback and use discretion in dealing with the vandal.
 * Managing vandalism: a course which anyone can take, but especially valuable for custodians.
 * Monitor Special:Shortpages for pages that have been blanked - rollback and use discretion in dealing with the vandal.
 * Monitor Special:Shortpages for pages that have been blanked - rollback and use discretion in dealing with the vandal.

Making it easy for yourself to help maintain Wikiversity
We have a great template which you can add to your user page.

Administering Wikiversity

Type in the above at the top of your user page, and you can have a nice colourful sidebar full of useful links to key administrative pages, including this one.

Related pages
Reading material for people interested in maintenance issues.
 * Discussions
 * Bots
 * Polls
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 * Custodianship policy
 * Custodian mentors
 * Referees / Review Board
 * Archive

title: Wikiversity:Maintenance


text:
Talk:David Slepian

David Slepian collected papers
I am Don Slepian, David Slepian's son. I have inherited my father's collected published papers, in several large bound volumes. I would imagine that there would be a lot of interesting material for mathematicians working in information theory, historians looking at the mathematics culture of Bell Laboratories in the 1950's and 1960's, and people generally interested in David Slepian's work. I would want to make these materials available with the hopes that the materials of interest could be gathered together, index and published on the web for the general good. I can be reached through my website, DonSlepian.com, or email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Don Slepian (talk) 02:40, 4 August 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Slepian


text:
Talk:Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996

==Habeas Corpus==

Untitled
I reverted. Habeas corpus is not the means to "relitigate" whether one's conviction or sentence was obtained in violation of the United States Constitution. It is to test it in the first instance. There has been no litigation on the subject before habeas proceedings are commeneced. A habeas corpus proceeding is not an appeal. It is a separate lawsuit, civil in nature, filed against the person confining the convicted person on the basis that the confinement is illegal. Extra-record evidence (i.e., evidence beyond what is contained in the record of the trial) may be introduced to prove the allegations. Unended 07:24, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

 * That's not completely true (though it's not completely false, either). To file a federal habeas petition challenging state confinement due to a criminal conviction, you have to have exhausted your remedies in state court, i.e. brought the constitutional claims already to the highest state court and had them rejected there. Doctawojo 14:04, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

Footnotes Are Driving Me Nuts
Please, someone, fix the footnotes. I don't know how. ---Axios023 05:10, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

Also
AEDPA had an impact outside of habeas law. If memory serves, it also enacted a change to immigration law (along with the IIRIRA). Maybe someone could add something about that. ---Axios023 05:31, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

As a law student currently engaged in federal habeas work, I can say that this page needs substantial revision and could benefit from a generous expansion. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 20:28, 31 August 2006

The link to the text of the act is broken. Please fix it. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:13, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

Neutrality?
Quoting: "Other provisions of the AEDPA created entirely new statutory law. For example, before AEDPA the *judicially created abuse* of the writ doctrine restricted the presentation of new claims through subsequent habeas petitions." -- Wonderstruck (talk) 13:38, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

Umm...it's the *judicially created* *abuse of the writ* doctrine. i.e., the doctrine is called "abuse of the writ", see, e.g., McCleskey v. Zant, 499 U.S. 467 (1991). I see no NPoV problems. But maybe some rephrasing is in order? What about "before AEDPA, the abuse of the writ doctrine, created by the courts, restricted......"? Tim Song (talk) 01:54, 13 September 2008 (UTC)

How do you question the Neutrality of an Article? Where have you seen Neutrality recently?

How is a law passed in a "Representative Democracy" (Democracy is Chaos pure and simple) crafted by Congress signed by Presidential signature, published in the National Register not Neutral?

When was the last time anyone who reads Wikipedia new a Writ of Habeas Corpus was signed? A prisoner released? from any jail? or prison? Any place in the United States of America or its Territories and Possessions?

Habeas Corpus is history. Habeas Corpus did it ever exist in America?

"We the People" most beautiful of documents. Written for preservation of a tolerant, reasonable and equitable society has been and will continue to be revised, re-written, liberties denied across the breadth of our nation.

The last individuals who created similar national laws were named Hitler, Franco, Mussolini, Stalin, Mao and the list could go on and on and the Pol Pots and Khmer Rouge and Abu Sayef... The names are not important only actions of mankind and leaders who feel need to express their opinion, in the denial of liberty.

Effective Death Penalty Act? The name itself belies the ignorance of its authors.

When, in the history of the world has their been effective Death Penalty?

When Jesus was crucified? It certainly was effective. The world has never been the same.

Please tell me what is anti-nuclear about neutrality? Anti-nuclear as against the nuclear unit of a sensible humanity..

Everyone discusses case law? What does that have to do with neutrality? effectiveness of execution? and Morons that follow all the Goats that Jump Around the World simultaneously.

BCALLEN111 (talk) 09:15, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

Original habeas?
IANAL, but my understanding is that the Supreme Court avoided the Constitutional question by construing AEDPA not to affect the "original" habeas jurisdiction (which is technically appellate) of the Supreme Court, so that it still retains statutory authority to issue a writ to someone in the extraordinary circumstance of an unconstitutional conviction or sentence that cannot be remedied by any other means, AEDPA notwithstanding. If this is correct, should it be mentioned in the article? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:01, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

I should go ahead and mention it, correct or not. It's not as if anyone will understand it. ;-) <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:19, 22 September 2011 (UTC)dutchdavey

Not part of Contract with America
The Contract with America was introduced in 1994, and the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act was originally introduced by Bob Dole as the "Comprehensive Terrorism Prevention Act of 1995" in 1995 as a result of the Oklahoma City Bombing. ThePerseid SCD (talk) 05:20, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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Wiki Education assignment: Capstone Course in American Politics
— Assignment last updated by Nharkdivad (talk) 16:24, 17 October 2022 (UTC)

2022 Updates - Capstone Course
Hello,

I have added Background and Legislative History sections and updated the Lead, Provisions, and Reception sections. Ajdel (talk) 05:13, 14 November 2022 (UTC)

Wikipedia Ambassador Program course assignment
This article is the subject of an educational assignment at James Madison University supported by WikiProject United States Public Policy and the Wikipedia Ambassador Program during the 2011 Spring term. Further details are available on the course page.

The above message was substituted from by PrimeBOT (talk) on 15:59, 2 January 2023 (UTC)


text:
codardo

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) cowardly, namby-pamby, spineless
 * 2)  coward

Noun

 * 1) coward, nithing, dastard, wretch, sneak

title: codardo


text:
User:Withptmitf

Michael Le

Michael Le is an American dancer and Tiktokker. He has over 35 million followers on tiktok and 1.1 million followers of Instagram. He is of Vietnamese ancestry. He has been with dancer and tiktokker Analisse Rodriguez since 2018.

title: User:Withptmitf


text:
Iliad (disambiguation)

The Iliad is an epic poem attributed to Homer.

Iliad may also refer to:
 * iLiad, an e-book reading device
 * Iliad SA, a French telecommunications provider
 * Iliad Italia, an Italian telecommunications operator, subsidiary of the above
 * Iliad Glacier, Antarctica
 * Iliad, a derivative of the IBM 801 processor
 * Iyad Shalabi (born 1987), Israeli Paralympic swimmer

title: Iliad (disambiguation)


text:
Template talk:dercatboiler

=Discussion=

Marked as deprecated. It seems to merit a discussion. User:Prince Kassad states that it's redundant to. Mglovesfun (talk) 06:36, 5 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Orphan and Delete. --Bequw → ¢ • τ 20:45, 5 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Probably delete but it's a less clear cut situations than for the template above, and it's more used and more useful. But if it were removed from a page, I wouldn't want to put back. Ergo delete. Mglovesfun (talk) 21:00, 5 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Any final opinions? I will close this in 24 hours otherwise. Mglovesfun (talk) 13:49, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

Fails, lots of orphaning to do, I'm afraid. Mglovesfun (talk) 17:01, 4 February 2010 (UTC)

langname= is superfluous

 * This template has been deleted. This discussion has been kept for historical interest.

Language name can easily be obtained by postfixing ISO-639 code onto "Template:lang:" stem, and then taking the contents out of "Template:lang:xx". E.g., if we already have Template:lang:cu with the content of "Old Church Slavonic", it can safely be assumed as the default value for the langname parameter. I suppose it can easily be completely eliminated, docs concordantly updated, and then some bot can do the magic with zillion categories left using it? --Ivan Štambuk 23:08, 6 January 2008 (UTC)
 * When I initially created this template the language templates were a total mess. We now have some order to them. I'm happy for you to implement the above suggestion.--Williamsayers79 22:35, 21 January 2008 (UTC)
 * If the change is made to use the language templates, you must ensure that non-wiki linked versions of the language templates exist (i.e. Template:lang:xx templates) otherwise some of the categories transcluding this template may become broken.--Williamsayers79 19:13, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Added, seems to work fine.. langname  can still be used though, {t-sect} will only be invoked if it's blanked. There are also some other templates where this could be handy (like --Ivan Štambuk 10:07, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I changed t-sect to, t-sect is an optimization for {t} which is typically used many times on a page, it is a lot more overhead for a single use than {language} ... the only use of t-sect should be in t itself. Robert Ullmann 10:25, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

What about the nav template?
Why cannot the template be used here? __meco 19:56, 8 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I created this template so that etymology specific info could be added to the top of the Etymology categories. The was too general.--Williamsayers79 22:33, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I miss the function which the nav template provides for the mother (i.e. English language) category. See for instance Category:Greek derivations where the foreign language sub-categories don't show in the first screen. __meco 08:11, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

 * It was never intended to be used in English entries, I created it to ensure consistency in the handling of derivation categories for foreign languages.--Williamsayers79 19:09, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

 * It is very natural to compare its funtions to those of the nav template. Therefore, obtaining an overview of the subordinate categories is missed. __meco 13:32, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I may have a go at adding some top-level (English language) category functionality along the lines of .--Williamsayers79 20:28, 11 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I have edited this category to display the link like does. I have also created  for the main derivation category which uses  and allows the use of a TOC template too. --Williamsayers79 22:09, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

Deprecation
This template is in the process of being deprecated. It was originally intended that this template would serve as a temporary stop-gap until could be updated soi that it could handle the complexity of the Etymology categories. The template can handle the Etymology categories but requires template sub pages to be created. I am currently busy doing this and hope to formally deprecate and  once finished.

For the time being, both templates can be used and I will get around to sorting out all of the categories in due course. --Williamsayers79 18:03, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Template talk:dercatboiler


text:
Linear Algebra/OLD/Vector Spaces

A vector space is a way of generalizing the concept of a set of vectors. For example, the complex number 2+3i can be considered a vector, since in some way it is the vector $$\begin{bmatrix} 2 \\ 3\end{bmatrix}$$.

The vector space is a "space" of such abstract objects, which we term "vectors".

Some familiar friends
Currently in our study of vectors we have looked at vectors with real entries: $$\mathbb{R}^2, \mathbb{R}^3, ..., \mathbb{R}^n$$, and so on. These are all vector spaces. The advantage we gain in abstracting to vector spaces is a way of talking about a space without any particular choice of objects (which define our vectors), operations (which act on our vectors), or coordinates (which identify our vectors in the space). Further results may be applied to more general spaces which may have infinite dimension, such as in Functional Analysis.

Notations and concepts
We write a vector, like we have before, bold, but you should write these on paper underlined or with an arrow on top. So we write $$\mathbf{v}=\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 3\end{pmatrix}$$ for that vector.

When we multiply a vector by a scalar number, we usually ascribe it a Greek letter, writing λv for the multiplication of v by a scalar λ. We write addition and subtraction of vectors as we have been doing before, x+y for the sum of vectors x and y.

With scalar multiplication and adding vectors, we can move to our definition of a vector space.

When we refer to an operation being 'closed' in a definition, we are saying that the result of the operation does not violate our definition. For example, if we are looking at the set of all integers, we can say that it is closed under addition, because adding any integers results in something inside the set of integers. However the set of integers is not closed under division, because dividing 3 by 2 (for example) doesn't result in a member of the set of integers.

Definition
A vector space is a nonempty set V of objects, called vectors, on which are defined two operations, called vector addition and scalar multiplication, respectively, such that, for $$x,y\in V$$ and α$$ \in F$$, where F is a field x+y and αx are well-defined elements of V with the following properties:
 * 1) commutativity of addition: x+y=y+x
 * 2) associativity of addition: x+(y+z)=(x+y)+z
 * 3) additive identity: there is a vector 0 such that 0+x=x for all x
 * 4) additive inverse: for each vector x, there exists another vector y such that x+y =0

 * 1) scalar associativity: α(βx) = (αβ)x
 * 2) scalar distributivity: (α + β)x=αx+βx
 * 3) vector distributivity: α(x+y)=αx+αy
 * 4) scalar identity: 1x=x

Alternative Definition
People who are familiar with group theory and field theory may find the following alternative definition more compact:

 * $$(V, +)$$ is an Abelian group.
 * $$\forall \alpha \in F, (\forall x, y \in V), \alpha (x+y) = \alpha x + \alpha y$$
 * $$\forall \alpha, \beta \in F, \forall x\in V, (\alpha + \beta)x = \alpha x + \beta x$$
 * $$\forall \alpha, \beta \in F, \forall x\in V, (\alpha \beta)x = \alpha (\beta x)$$
 * $$\forall x\in V, 1x = x$$

Some Basic Theorems

 * 1) The 0 vector is unique. Proof: Let 01 and 02 both be 0 vectors. Then 01=01+02=02.
 * 2) The additive inverse is unique. Proof: Suppose there is a x and y1 and a y2. are inverses of x Then y1=y1+(x+y2)=(y1+x)+y2=y2.
 * 3) 0x=0. Proof: Let y be the additive inverse of x. Then 0x= 0x + x + y = (0+1)x + y = x+y=0.
 * 4) (-1)x is the inverse of x. Proof: x+(-1)x=(1-1)x=0x=0.

Linear Spaces
The linear space is a very important vector space. Let n1, n2, n3, ..., nk be k elements of a field F. Then the ordered k-tuples (n1, n2, n3, ..., nk) form a vector space with addition being the sum of the corresponding numbers, and scalar multiplication by an element of F being the result of multiplying each one in the k-tuple. This would then be the k dimensional linear space.

Subspaces
A subspace is a vector space inside a vector space. When we look at various vector spaces, it is often useful to examine their subspaces.

The subspace S of a vector space V means that S is a subset of V and that it has the following key characteristics
 * S is closed under scalar multiplication: if λ∈R, v∈S, λv∈S
 * S is closed under addition: if u, v ∈ S, u+v∈S.

Any subset with these characteristics is a vector space.

The trivial subspace
The singleton set with the zero vector ({0}) is a subspace of every vector space.

Scalar multiplication closure: a 0=0 for all a in R

Addition closure: 0+0=0. Since 0 is the only member of the set we need to check only 0

Zero vector: 0 is the only member of the set and it is the zero vector.

Examples
Let us examine some subspaces of some familiar vector spaces, and see how we can prove that a certain subset of a vector space is in fact a subspace.

A slightly less trivial subspace
In R2, the set V of all vectors from R2 of the form (0,α) where α is in R is a subspace

Scalar multiplication closure: a (0,α) = (0,a α) and a α is in R

Addition closure: (0,α) +(0,β) =(0, α + β) and α + β is in R

Zero vector: taking α to be zero in our definition of (0, α) in V we get the zero vector (0,0)

A whole family of subspaces
Pick any number from R, say ρ. Then the set V of all vectors of the form (α, ρα) is a subspace of R2

Scalar multiplication closure: a (α, ρα) = (aα, ρaα) which is in V.

Addition closure: (α, ρα) +(β, ρβ) =(α + β, ρα + ρβ) = (α+β, ρ(α+β)) which is in V

Zero vector: taking α to be zero in our definition we get (0, ρ0) = (0,0) in V.

That means V2 = the set of all vectors of the form (α,2α) is a subspace of R2

and V3 = the set of all vectors of the form (α,3α) is a subspace of R2

and V4 = the set of all vectors of the form (α,4α) is a subspace of R2

and V5 = the set of all vectors of the form (α,5α) is a subspace of R2

and Vπ = the set of all vectors of the form (α,πα) is a subspace of R2

and V√2 = the set of all vectors of the form $$(\alpha,\sqrt{2}\alpha)$$ is a subspace of R2

As you can see, even a simple vector space like R2 can have many different subspaces.

Linear Combinations
Definition: Assume $$V$$ is a vector space over a field $$(F, +, \cdot)$$ and $$S$$ is a nonempty subset of $$V$$. Then a vector $$x\in V$$ is said to be a linear combination of elements of $$S$$ if there exists a finite number of elements $$y_1, y_2, ..., y_n\in S$$ and $$a_1, a_2, ..., a_n\in F$$ such that $$ x = a_1y_1 + a_2y_2 + ... a_ny_n$$.

Spans
Definition: Assume $$V$$ is a vector space over a field $$(F, +, \cdot)$$. The set of all linear combinations of $$y_1, y_2, ..., y_n\in V$$ is called the span of $$y_1, y_2, ..., y_n$$. This is sometimes denoted by $$Span(y_1, y_2, ..., y_n)$$.

Note that $$Span(y_1, y_2, ..., y_n\in V)$$ is a subspace of $$V$$.

Proof: Consider closure under addition and scalar multiplication for two vectors, x and y, in the span of the vectors $${v_1, v_2, ..., v_n}.$$

$$x = a_1v_1 + a_2v_2 + ... + a_nv_n$$

$$y = b_1v_1 + b_2v_2 + ... + b_nv_n$$

$$x+y = (a_1+b_1)*v_1 + (a_2+b_2)*v_2 + ... + (a_n+b_n)*v_n$$, which is also contained in the set.

$$k*x = (k*a_1)v_1 + (k*a_2)v_2 + ... + (k*a_n)v_n$$, which is also contained in the set.

Spanning Sets
Definition: Assume $$V$$ is a vector space over a field $$(F, +, \cdot)$$ and $$y_1, y_2, ..., y_n$$ are vectors in such a vector space. The set $${y_1, y_2, ..., y_n}$$ is a spanning set for the vector space $$V$$ if and only if every vector in $$V$$ is a linear combination of $$y_1, y_2, ..., y_n$$. Alternately, $$\forall x\in V, (\exists a_1, a_2, ..., a_n\in F), x = a_1y_1 + a_2y_2 + ... +a_ny_n$$

Linear Independence
Definition: Assume $$V$$ is a vector space over a field $$(F, +, \cdot)$$ and $$S = \{x_1, x_2, ..., x_n\}$$ is a finite subset of $$V$$. Then we say $$S$$ is linearly independent if $$a_1x_1+a_2x_2+...a_nx_n = 0$$ implies $$a_1 = a_2 = ... = a_n = 0$$.

Linear independence is a very important topic in Linear Algebra. The definition implies that linearly dependent vectors may form the nulvector as a non-trivial combination, from which we may conclude that one of the vectors can be expressed as a linear combination of the others.

If we have a vector space V spanned by 3 vectors $${v_1, v_2, v_3}$$ we say that v1, v2, and v3 are linearly dependent if there is a combination of one or two of them that can produce a third. For instance, if one of the following equations:

 * $$a_1v_1 + a_2v_2 = v_3$$
 * $$a_2v_2 + a_3v_3 = v_1$$
 * $$a_1v_1 + a_3v_3 = v_2$$

can be satisfied, then the vectors in V are said to be linearly dependant.

How can we test for linear independence? The definition sets it out to us: If V is a vector space spanned by 3 vectors of length N:

 * $$\tilde{V} = [v_1, v_2, v_3]$$

and we try to test whether these 3 vectors are linearly independent, we form the equations:

 * $$a_1v_1+a_2v_2+a_3v_3=0\,$$

and solve them. If the only solution is

 * $$a_1=a_2=a_3=0,\,$$

then the 3 vectors are linearly independent. If there is another solution they are linearly dependent.

?????? We can say that for V to be linearly independent it must satisfy this condition:

 * $$\tilde{V}\bar{a} = 0$$

Where we are using 0 to denote the null vector in V. If $$\tilde{V}$$ is square and invertable, we can solve this equation directly:

 * $$\tilde{V}^{-1}\tilde{V}\bar{a} = \bar{a} = \tilde{V}^{-1} \cdot 0$$
 * $$\bar{a} = 0$$

And if we know that $$\bar{a}$$ is zero, then we know that the system is linearly independent. If, however, $$\tilde{V}$$ is not square, or if it is not invertable, we can try the following technique:

Multiply through by the transpose matrix:
 * $$\tilde{V}^T\tilde{V}\bar{a} = 0$$

Find the inverse of $$[\tilde{V}^T\tilde{V}$$, and multiply through by the inverse:
 * $$[\tilde{V}^T\tilde{V}]^{-1}\tilde{V}^T\tilde{V}\bar{a} = [\tilde{V}^T\tilde{V}]^{-1} \cdot 0$$

Cancel the terms:
 * $$\bar{a} = \tilde{V}^T\tilde{V} \cdot 0$$

And our conclusion:
 * $$\bar{a} = 0$$

This again means that V is linearly independent.

Span
A span is the set of all possible vectors that are in a given vector space.

Basis
A basis for a vector space is the least amount of linearly independent vectors that can be used to describe the vector space completely. The most common basis vectors are the kronecker vectors, also called canonical basis:

 * $$i = \begin{bmatrix}1 \\ 0 \\ 0\end{bmatrix}$$$$j = \begin{bmatrix}0 \\ 1 \\ 0\end{bmatrix}$$$$k = \begin{bmatrix}0 \\ 0 \\ 1\end{bmatrix}$$

In the cartesian graphing space, we say an ordered triple of coordinates is defined as:

 * $$v = \begin{bmatrix}x \\ y \\ z\end{bmatrix}$$

And we can make any point (x, y, z) by combining the kronecker basis vectors:

 * $$\begin{bmatrix}x \\ y \\ z\end{bmatrix} = xi + yj + zk$$

Some theorems:
 * A basis $$\mathcal{B}(v_1, \ldots, v_n)$$ of a vector space V has the maximal number of linearly independent vectors.
 * (Converse) A maximal number of linearly independent vectors in a vector space is a basis.

Bases and Dimension
If a vector space V is such that: it contains a linearly independent set B of N vectors, and any set of N + 1 or more vectors in V is linearly dependent,

then V is said to have dimension N, and B is said to be a  basis of V.

TODO
Tell about what is a basis in a vector space and about coordinate transformations. (this article contains an abstract definition of a basis which is a generalization of a basis in vector space and can be used as the foundation to explain about bases and coordinate transformations.)

Discuss the geometry of subspaces (points, lines, planes, hypersurfaces) and connect them to the geometry of solutions of linear systems. Connect the algebra of subspaces and linear combinations of vectors to the algebra of linear systems.

title: Linear Algebra/OLD/Vector Spaces


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Welcome to the 305

The result was redirect to Pitbull discography. Vanamonde (Talk) 05:00, 24 August 2020 (UTC)

Welcome to the 305

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Despite being by Pitbull, this remix album seems to have generated no real coverage. AllMusic entry is apparently just a track listing  Beyond that, I'm just getting track listings, blogs, and user-generated sites. Fails WP:NALBUM. Hog Farm Bacon 02:02, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Albums and songs-related deletion discussions. Hog Farm Bacon 02:02, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Music-related deletion discussions. Hog Farm Bacon 02:02, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Redirect to Pitbull discography per WP:CHEAP. Certainly not notable in its own right. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 14:10, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Pitbull (rapper): Barely found anything about the album. ASTIG😎  (ICE T • ICE CUBE) 10:45, 19 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Web Design/CSS challenges

Poetry is not an unordered list
The order of the lines in a poem is significant so the lists should be ordered rather than unordered.

A poem isn't really a list either. It is an example of preformatted text, where the user agent should honour the line breaks in the source. The  element is a better choice for marking up poetry. The example for the  element in the HTML 4.01 specification uses poetry.

I've changed the challenges to use the  element.

The current draft of XHTML 2.0 introduces the  element, which is intended for marking up lines of verse amongst other things.

 * Hi, thanks for all your help cleaning up some namespaces. You're right about the poetry being in <pre>, but the point of these first few challenges is to help people learn to style the basic elements such as paragraphs, headings and lists. Maybe a better solution would be to change the text of the challenge to a list of some sort, but either way, the images need to be updated at the same time, otherwise the challenges are broken (the image doesn't match the challenge.. for challenge 1 anyway) What do you think?

 * I'll revert the change temporarily until a workable solution comes up! (as I've got students trying to do these challenges right now!)Michaelnelson 04:07, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry about the images. If you particularly want to format lists in the first challenge I'd rather see a recipe with an unordered list of ingredients and an ordered list of instructions used as an example.

 * I've added a recipe example to HTML Programming/Lists. It might be suitable for the CSS challenges.

 * Great idea! A recipe it is... I'll take a look at the example and update the challenges soon! Michaelnelson 23:07, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Challenge #3 - margin/padding above the #wrap
First, I want to mention that in my challenges, I've changed all ID="" to class="" to follow CSSLint Disallow IDs in Selectors.

Here is my code pen for challenge 3

The question that I have is regarding the padding/margin above the .wrap selector. When I use normalize.css there is a gap above the .wrap; while when I choose for normalization, then the 20px gap disappears.

I generally use normalize.css when building, but this has me stumped. --Pdkennelly (discuss • contribs) 20:00, 13 January 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Web Design/CSS challenges


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mudassir Idris Abubakar

The result was delete. Tone 09:26, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

Mudassir Idris Abubakar

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Possible UPE article of a non notable “business magnate” and “philanthropist” who fails WP:ANYBIO & lacks in-depth significant coverage in reliable sources hence fails WP:GNG also. A before search shows no evidence of notability & the few sources that do discuss him are either sponsored posts or mere announcements. Celestina007 16:42, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Businesspeople-related deletion discussions. Celestina007 16:42, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Business-related deletion discussions. Celestina007 16:42, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Africa-related deletion discussions. Celestina007 16:42, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Nigeria-related deletion discussions. Celestina007 16:42, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete yet another article in a very long list of ones on non-notable businesspeople.John Pack Lambert (talk) 19:49, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable, PR -- Devoke water   (talk)  14:42, 22 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Puzzles/Easy Sequence 4/Solution

alternate subtracting and adding numbers starting with 1 and increasing by 1 each time.

3,2,4,1,5,0,6,-1,7,...

title: Puzzles/Easy Sequence 4/Solution


text:
Category:Discoveries by Henri Perrotin

This is a category for astronomical objects discovered by French astronomer Henri Perrotin.

See parent category for proper sortkey usage instructions.

title: Category:Discoveries by Henri Perrotin


text:
Higher Education Opportunity Program

The Arthur O. Eve Higher Education Opportunity Program (HEOP) is a partnership between the State of New York and its independent colleges that provides scholarships to economically and educationally disadvantaged residents. It is mainly awarded to underrepresented minority students, such as African Americans and Hispanics.

HEOP is funded jointly by participating colleges and the New York State Arthur O. Eve Higher Education Opportunity Program, and supported, in part, by a grant from the New York State Education Department.

All HEOP students must be New York State residents (including undocumented immigrants) and must meet both financial and academic guidelines. The HEOP program was funded under Title V of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and was approved by Governor Nelson Rockefeller of New York.

The program provides grants ranging from $40,000-$70,000 a year to more than 50 colleges to fund students admitted through HEOP. HEOP ensures full need packaging for all HEOP students and can cover the cost of tuition, room and board, books and potential student fees.

In order to be eligible for the Higher Education Opportunity Program, a student must have been a New York State resident for 1 year, have a high school or equivalent state-approved diploma (such as the Armed Forces), be academically disadvantaged (meaning the student would not be admitted according to regular admission standards), be financially disadvantaged (based on income cutoffs, varying by college), and demonstrate ambition to succeed.

Participating institutions

 * Alfred University
 * Alliance University
 * Bard College
 * Barnard College
 * Boricua College
 * Canisius College
 * Clarkson University
 * College of Mount Saint Vincent
 * College of Saint Rose
 * Columbia University (Columbia College & School of Engineering and Applied Science)
 * Cornell University
 * Daemen University
 * D'Youville University
 * Five Towns College
 * Fordham University
 * Hamilton College
 * Hilbert College
 * Hobart and William Smith Colleges
 * Ithaca College
 * Keuka College
 * Le Moyne College
 * Long Island University (Brooklyn and C.W. Post campuses)
 * Manhattan College
 * Marist College
 * Marymount Manhattan CollegeMedaille University
 * Mercy College
 * Mount Saint Mary College
 * Nazareth University
 * The New School
 * New York Institute of Technology (Manhattan Center)
 * New York University
 * Niagara University
 * Paul Smith's College
 * Pratt Institute
 * Rochester Institute of Technology
 * Russell Sage College
 * Sage College of Albany
 * St. Bonaventure University
 * St. John Fisher University
 * St. Lawrence University
 * St. Thomas Aquinas College
 * Siena College
 * Skidmore College
 * Syracuse University (including continuing education)
 * Trocaire College
 * Union College
 * University of Rochester
 * Utica University
 * Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology

title: Higher Education Opportunity Program


text:
User:RichMac

This site has gotten me excited about the prospect of open learning. I'm hoping this site will develop into a real alternative to the current brick and mortar schools. I'm currently researching degree plans available in Canada.

I'm looking forward to the prospect of developing, learning, sharing and eventually obtaining a degree by this means and would be interested to hear from individuals with similar goals.

Important Pages
Import - Requests for import of material from external wikis

Currently Learning by Doing in:
Topic:Philosophy of Religion

title: User:RichMac


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Paranormal/Peer review/2008

This page is an archive of all WikiProject Paranormal peer reviews for 2008. Please do not modify discussions here.

Robert Taylor incident
I bashed out a quick article that was requested. I'd appreciate it if others could scan over it with a fresh set of eyes to see if anything can be improved upon. --Factorylad (talk) 13:11, 4 April 2008 (UTC)


text:
GCSE Science/Electricity multiple choice

Questions List

 * Question 1
 * Question 2
 * Question 3
 * Question 4
 * Question 5
 * Question 6
 * Question 7
 * Question 8

Question 5

A student rubs a polythene strip with fur and suspends it from a clamp stand. She then rubs another polythene strip with fur and brings it up to the first strip. The two strips repel each other.

Look at the following four statements:

 * A) One of the strips is neutral, the other charged.
 * B) The strips are both negatively charged.
 * C) The strips are both positively charged.
 * D) The strips are both neutral.

Which two of the above statements are false?

 * A and B

 * A and C

 * A and D

 * B and C

 * B and D

 * C and D

Question 6

A student decided to silver plate his/her mother's forks. S/he set up the apparatus above. S/he set the power pack and variable resistor so that the ammeter read 0.1 A. S/he allowed the fork to remain in the electrolysis apparatus for 10 min. Once s/he removed the fork s/he tested it by trying to scratch the silver off. S/he found that the layer of silver was too thin and decided that s/he would have to take steps to make the layer a lot thicker.

Which one of the following steps would not produce a thicker layer of silver ?

 * Increasing the voltage of the power pack

 * Increasing the resistance of the variable resistance

 * Increasing the time spent in the apparatus

 * Increasing the concentration of the silver nitrate solution

Question 7
What is the maximum power that an appliance should have if it is connect to a 230V supply by a 5A cable ?

 * 46W

 * 1.15 kW

 * 115W

 * 4600W

Question 8

The graph above shows how the potential difference across a conductor varied with the current flowing through it. Which of the following statements is true ?

 * The resistance of the conductor increases as the current increases

 * The resistance of the conductor decreases as the current increases

 * The resistance of the conductor stays constant as the current increases

 * It is not possible to say anything about the resistance of the conductor based on the information given

Question 9
Two students, Jane and John are working together to make an electromagnet. John coils some plastic coated wire around a pencil and attaches the two ends to a 1.5V cell. He finds the electromagnet that he has made will deflect a compass placed near it but will not pick up a paperclip.

Jane suggest that using an iron nail rather than a pencil will make the magnet stronger. Is she correct, and why?

 * She is correct, the iron core will make the magnet stronger, because iron conducts electricity.

 * She is correct, the iron core will make the magnet stronger because iron is a magnetic material.

 * She is incorrect, the iron core will not make the magnet stronger, because iron conducts electricity.

 * She is incorrect, the iron core will not make the magnet stronger because iron is a magnetic material.

Question 10
Jane and John have made an electromagnet using a soft iron core with 10 windings of insulated copper wire and a voltage of 1.5V. They found that they could pick up 3 paper clips with this magnet if they were careful. Which of the following changes would not result in more paper clips being picked up?

 * Increasing the voltage (and therefore the current).
 * Using 15 turns of wire instead of 10.
 * Reverse the connections to the battery so that the current flows in the opposite direction.
 * Add a resistor in series with the electromagnet.

Question 11
A photocopying machine creates a picture by making use of static electricity. Put the following statements about how the process works in the correct order.

 * 1) Paper is given an opposite charge to the toner and pressed onto the plate. This causes the toner to stick to the paper rendering a copy of the picture.
 * 2) A plate is given a charge, an image is projected onto the plate. Where the image was dark, a dark area forms on the plate.
 * 3) Particles of toner are sprayed over the plate and are attracted to the charged areas, but not the neutral areas.
 * 4) Light shining on the plate gives the charges enough energy to leak away. The dark areas of the plate stay charged.

 * 1 2 3 4
 * 3 2 1 4
 * 4 2 3 1
 * 1 3 2 4
 * 1 3 4 2
 * 2 1 4 3
 * 2 4 3 1
 * 2 4 1 3

(Don't see your order in among the options? Check again because the correct order is certainly in there).

Question 12
A wire is connected to a power pack and placed in the magnetic field of two bar magnets. When the power pack is switched on the wire jumps upwards.

What effect will increasing the current in the wire have ?

 * There will be no effect because the magnets haven't been changed.
 * The wire still moves upwards, but this time the greater current causes it to move more slowly.
 * The wire will now move downwards.
 * The wire will move upwards more quickly than before.

Question 13
This is the same setup as in question 12.

What can be done to make the wire move downwards ? (Choose two methods from the list)

 * increase the current

 * reverse the current

 * make the wire shorter

 * reverse the magnetic field

External Question papers

 * http://www.aqa.org.uk/qual/gcse/sci_da_m_assess.html Requires adobe acrobat viewer.


text:
Talk:Labia/Archive 1

lips
i've also heard of the lips of the mouth being referred to as labia. Gringo300 19:42, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Maybe you heard this in a porno. Alexander 007 03:57, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

Labium is Latin for "lip". You are correct, Gringo. The term is applicable to anything that is a lip. --Mattopaedia 06:14, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

 * My jab at Gringo was a jest, which I couldn't resist, once it occured to me. Alexander 007 06:30, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

I was just about to give you a reference, but I see you've done that yourself. That wikipedia and wikisaurus do not refer to the broader definitions of the term is, as you can appreciate, a shortcoming in their definitions that perhaps someone could revise. Mattopaedia 07:22, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Good revision. I was a bit cocky myself earlier, but that's just me. I took a look in the appendix of an anthropology textbook then checked the article Lip, and verified it. Alexander 007 07:28, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

But thanks for clarifying your position, though. I really think this should be a wikipedia entry, nonetheless, I've edited the article as seems more appropriate to me. Next, I'll revamp the anatomy in lip wherein I shall describe some of the important labial muscles used in facial epression. Have a nice day! --Mattopaedia 07:30, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

BTW, The intention of my original response was not to have a go at you or your remarks. I wasn't even particularly concerned about how Gringo felt about your little jest. What prompted me to act was the inaccuracy of the information. In my relatively short time as a Wikipedian, I seem to have developed an approach to contributing where I consider what a person who doesn't know about what they're reading may take away from what they've read. There's probably a wikipedian philosophy and associated user box template for this somewhere, and if I find it I'll just have to stick it on my user page. Mattopaedia 07:39, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

Sentence
I removed this:

 * In English usage, Labium often specifically refers to parts of the vulva.

from the article because: AND, there's still the reproductive/gynae template with all the other related links embedded, sitting happily at the bottom of the page. Mattopaedia 09:47, 1 January 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) I'd already listed vulva under "see also"
 * 2) because of point 1, I feel the phrase is repetitive and therefore adds nothing to the article.  People who are interested in vulvas can already follow the link. --Mattopaedia 09:44, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, but the (human) vulva rocks. Alexander 007 00:46, 2 January 2006 (UTC)
 * That was never in dispute! Mattopaedia 03:01, 2 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I replaced the sentence, because it should actually be the other way around; if a link is listed in the text then it should be removed from the See also section. This has nothing to do with the fact that there are certain "People who are interested in vulvas..." (and how User:Alexander 007 refers to it) in the sense that you mean it, but should be simply stated out as a regular encyclopedia; besides what about people who are actually trying to located information? Besides, this article appears in the Labia disambig page as "a part of the female genitalia", so futhermore this article should be expanded as to the purpose of the labia in the female reproductive system. AndyZ 01:49, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

The following discusiion occurred on the talk pages of AndyZ and Mattopaedia and has been copied here for discussion of a proposed merge between labium and labia.

 * Welcome to Wikipedia (again)! I replaced your deleted sentence in the article Labium. It seems as if your main objection against the sentence is that it would simply be for "People who are interested in vulvas" (cough User:Alexander 007). However, your arguments aren't ground for the deletion of the sentence; conversely it results the deletion of the vulva in the See also section. As an encyclopedia, Wikipedia has to be factually accurate. In fact, I added more to the article about the Labium and its "role". AndyZ 01:58, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the welcome! I didn't remove that sentence because I objected to some of the motives of "people interested in vulvas" in that schoolkid looking up rude words in the dictionary kind of way.  I don't object to that at all  - 20 years ago I would have been looking for precisely that reason!  The reason I removed it was because I felt the neutrality of the article was compromised by labouring one interpretation.  I've since re-read the NPOV policy and realise majority opinions may receive proportionately more space in an article without necessarily being POVist.

 * I've reconsidered my stance therefore, and decided I'll leave that aspect of the article alone. Now I've had more time to think about it I feel my major issue is there is one article for labia (plural) and one for labium (singular).  They're both alternative forms of the same word and have similar links.  Perhaps they should be merged.  I'll put it up for consideration & post this to their discussion pages here and here. Mattopaedia 23:34, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

merge discussion
User:Anthopos removed the merge templates without discussion or consensus. It would be polite to wait a week or so then take action.

My stand point is to support merge of the articles.

Mattopaedia 06:33, 12 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Its been a week since I suggested merging labium and labia. The only thing that's happened in that time was Anthopos removing the merge templates without warning or explanation.  I reverted that edit and since then there's been silence.  So I've made the decision & will merge labia into labium.  --Mattopaedia 00:25, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

Interlabial Sulci
I've read that the areas between the labia majora and the labia minora are called the interlabial sulci. I'm curious though about: What's the term for the area between the labia majora and the clitoral hood? Gringo300 20:12, 15 June 2006 (UTC)
 * it's also the interlabial sulcus since it is merely a continuation of the same furrow. Bobble2 22:17, 15 June 2006 (UTC)Bobble2

labia minora
i've heard of the labia minora being referred to as "nymphae". that would be plural. i'm under the impression that the singular form would be "nympha". anyone on here know? Gringo300 20:40, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, that's correct. Singular is nympha (although it is rarely used)  Bobble2 22:48, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

posterior commisure of the labia minora
is the fourchette/frenulum labiorum pudendi the same thing as the posterior commisure of the labia minora? from what i can tell they are either the same thing, or are very closely interrelated. Gringo300 20:43, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

General
It seems to me that the human sexuality pages of the Wikipedia suffer from many editors' amateurish and juvenile attempts at fulfilling their fantasies under the cover of an attempt to educate. This page is a prime example of that.

Case in point: why is there a compelling need to include the topics of pornography and exotic dancing while talking about labiaplasty in one same paragraph? There are actual medical reasons to need such procedure!

Why include a full paragraph on "cameltoe"? This is pure slang. At least make an attempt at separating the anatomical from other topics, perhaps using headings such as "Anatomy" where you are strictly descriptive (a la Gray's Anatomy), then "Social Attitudes" where talk about sex, depictions in history, taboos, depilation, etc., and then even a purely "Informal and Slangs" heading, for things such as "cameltoes".

What makes a particular editor's judgement trump everyone else's? At least respect the purely grammatical corrections! Try to read that Khosian people paragraph, and tell me if it does not need a clean up? I've rewritten it twice, to have someone just revert to an old version.

Lets be serious people, this is an encyclopedia, not a free webpage to mess with. jcordova 16:30, 17 August 2006 (PST)

 * jcordova, I agree totally, even though I prefer to think that it is misguided editors who add references to pornography or slang, and not juvenile amateurs! As far as I'm concerned you can remove the paragraph about cameltoes, and those medical reasons for labiaplasty would also be a great addition. Iron C hris |  (talk) 23:59, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Cameltoe?
I had removed the paragraph on "cameltoe". Isn't this supposed to be an encyclopedia? What kind of academic value does a slang like "cameltoe" add? But before I get blamed for censorship, I decided to reclassify it, as a Slang topic. jcordova

 * I did some general cleanup on the article, where I created a new section for 'Social and Cultural Concerns,' and I cut the 'cameltoe' section down to a single sentence within that. Any further discussion of cameltoes should probably be done on that page. Personally I think that "cameltoe" is a pretty ugly word for that effect, but it's hard to avoid using it on this page since it's the title for the WP article on the topic. --Kadin2048 18:22, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

labiocrural fold
can someone explain to me what the labiocrural fold is? yes, i've looked this up on the internet, but everything i've read is very, very vague. Gringo300 20:54, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes. The labio-crural fold is just the angle between the top of the inner thigh and the outer edge of the labia majora. If you run your finger down either groin you get to it. Bobble2 22:46, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

 * ok, i can picture it now. the word "crura" from what i've read means "legs", thus "crural" means "of the legs". thus, the fold between the labia majora and the legs. and if i'm going to be doing the running the fingers down either side of the groin, i'll need to get permission from whoever first. otherwise i could get in trouble... Gringo300 23:06, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Well you could try it yourself as guys have the same structure. It's just that you switch scrotum for labia.Bobble2 17:50, 19 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I love this place; I learn something every day. ;)  Kasreyn 23:38, 19 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm under the impression that "genitocrural folds" is the gender-neutral term for this area. Gringo300 02:06, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

Page name
Yeah, I know page names are supposed to be singular, and labium isn't exactly like *scissor, but this article is mostly about pussy lips, and, really, in human anatomy, like, barring a disfiguring explosion, can you really have a single lip? —Wiki Wikardo 08:59, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

External link irrelevant and potentially offensive
I am removing the external link (at bottom of article) leading to http://www.labiaenhancement.com/. Aside from that site's irrelevance (not to mention potential offensiveness [to women, mostly]), I don't think it belongs in an encyclopedic article about an anatomical part. If anyone has any questions or concerns about why I have removed this link, feel free to visit the site -- which is not only not educational, but *not at all* objective in its content. It would be exactly like going to a Wikipedia article about "the nose" as a part of the body, and seeing a link at the bottom leading to a plastic surgeon's website, specializing in "fixing ugly noses." Utterly ridiculous.

Sugarbat 18:30, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Porn Pics
Both of the images on this article are from a porn website... http://glam0ur.com/gals/met_art/adriana_malkova/adriana_malkova.htm

Scroll down and you'll see them. Aren't they a copyright violation or something? CerealBabyMilk 22:56, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

better be replaced --Lamilli 16:11, 21 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I will provide some from my own collection with proper license within next few days. MarkMarek 00:28, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

Khoikhoi apron
The large labia of the hottentots were once called by some phrase which translates as egyptian apron, they were never called Khoikhoi aprons. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:08, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 16:28, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Get rid of the smut
AHHHHHH! Get rid of this smutty topic. Delete the smutty picture. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:05, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

 * It occurs to me to check on you to see if you ever got away from the guy with the gun.

 * Are you okay? I'm worried sick.  Sugarbat (talk) 18:43, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

Photo in article *NOT* a good representation of subject
I glanced through the discussion to see if I could find any mention of this, but didn't see anything (if I missed something, please forgive me). So I'll step up and say that the photo, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Vulva_labeled.jpg, is terrible, especially in the context of an article about the human female "labium."

First of all, the subject's genitalia appear either to be deformed or to have been surgically altered somehow so that the labia majora and the labia minora seem -- well, fused together. I have no way of knowing for sure, not knowing anything about either the photo or its subject, but it looks to me as though this were done surgically, and that, additionally, some of both (the majora and the minora) were actually removed in whatever process was used to alter the organ. I see some tissue (particularly at the top left, just beneath the clitoris and at the point where there ought to be a clear fissure or cleft between the major lip and the minor lip) that, instead of naturally occurring labial tissue, could be minor scarring.

Regardless, though, of whether this woman's genitalia were surgically altered or not, the fact remains that if I were unfamiliar with human female genitalia and/or, specifically, with human genital-labial anatomy, I would be no more educated as a result of looking at this photo than I was before I saw it. In this photo, there are almost *no labia whatsoever* -- and what *is* there is, anatomically speaking, vague and almost vestigeal, and, frankly, grotesque as a result.

To borrow from my earlier simile, it would be like going to the Wikipedia article for "human nostril," where the only photo available of a human nose showed two nostrils, the diameter of a pinhead, perforating the face of someone the location of whose nose could only be determined based on the location of the twin pinhead-sized nose holes. In other words, even taking into account general differences in nose/nostril sizes/shapes ranged along the human spectrum, such a nose as I have described would likely NOT be defined as "normal" by any reasonable representative of humanity.

I appreciate the fact that, clearly, efforts have been made to post a photo that's as non-pornlike and clinical as possible, but I don't think that "clinical" is a synonym of "postoperative." If no one can post a better photo -- by which I mean a photo that clearly shows the labia minora and labia majora in a human female -- I'm almost tempted to take a photographic trip to my own downtown and post that, so as to take care of both anatomy and copyright in a single swoop. Sugarbat (talk) 18:41, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

 * All right -- Since no one else seems to care, I've recommended the previous photo be deleted, and I've swapped it out here with another commons photo that actually shows some actual (vaginal) labia. It's still not ideal, in my opinion, but I'm not in the mood to go hunting around looking for better, non-copyrighted cookie photos. Feel free to improve on this one at your leisure. Sugarbat (talk) 03:23, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Update: I just glanced through the above comments and saw this: Both of the images on this article are from a porn website... http://glam0ur.com/gals/met_art/adriana_malkova/adriana_malkova.htm, which, it turns out, certainly does host a version (mirrored and tagged using photoshop or something) of the exact photo I swapped into the old one's place (see above).  So I deleted the photo from the article entirely, and now we have no photo at all.  I hope everybody's happy.  DON'T ALTER COPYRIGHTED PHOTOS AND POST THEM IN COMMONS.  If you want to look at porn, why are you in an encyclopedia?  Jeez, people.  Sugarbat (talk) 03:31, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

Relevant pictures were removed - Why?
Hi All. I know this could become a misussed article where pics can be placed without really adding to the topic. However a pic I uploaded and added to the article's gallery, showing how sometimes the labia minora can protrude (in a frontal view, non offensive photo) was removed without any comment. And same happened to a picture that other editor added previously, that IMHO is not so similar to existing pics (the one that showed a "panoramic"? view of a vulva opened, with the different labia clearly identifiable) so it would add to the article. I'd greatly appreciate if any responsible editor can justify those deletions, because if that's not the case I'll include both pictures again. Many thanks & kind regards, DPdH (talk) 07:46, 13 May 2009 (UTC)

Images
Aren't there some less-heinous looking snatches that could be used instead? One of these even looks diseased. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:34, 12 July 2011 (UTC)

Not half as "diseased" as your attitude towards women. Our body parts are not there for your entertaiment or approval, thank FSM.EnquireWithin (talk) 12:08, 30 October 2011 (UTC)

Picture labeling
The "frontal view" and "detailed view" pictures appear to be mislabeled. The second frontal view picture reads "pronounced labia majora, protuding labia majora" when it should read "pronounced labia majora, protuding labia minora". The second detailed view picture reads "pronounced labia majora" when it should read "pronounced labia minora". Please correct me if I'm wrong.
 * The text, caps, and table alignment for the frontal and detailed views have been fixed. kyledueck (talk) 15:25, 1 December 2011 (UTC)

Picture / Photographic Concerns
How about a picture of a nicer labia instead? F15x28 20:02, 4 June 2006 (UTC)
 * What's wrong with the current picture? Kasreyn 02:11, 5 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Kind of disgusting for me, too. But nicer pictures should be found before deciding, of course. --euyyn 20:13, 6 July 2006 (UTC)
 * If you want to submit a photo that's as subjectively good as the current ones, and is also more aesthetically pleasing, by all means go for it. However, I think it's intellectually dishonest to remove a photo because it's "disgusting" or "ugly," if it's the best illustration available of the subject in question. --Kadin2048 18:22, 16 September 2006 (UTC)
 * How are the pictures disgusting or ugly? They accuratelty dipict variations of the female gentalia. What's so wrong with that?<IP_ADDRESS> 07:06, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Just to clarify, I never meant to imply that I thought the photo was necessarily ugly; I was responding to certain other people who claimed that it was. Personally I have no problem with the image and think it's fine as-is; if other people have a problem with it, though, they are free to try and find one that's more aesthetically appealing to them, and which is equivalent or better in terms of illustrating the subject at hand, and we can vote on it or something. --Kadin2048 23:50, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

Image:Sarahvulva.jpg
This image, which the article uses, has recently been added to the MediaWiki:Bad image list, which prevents the image from being displayed in-line in articles, as a result a recent vandalbot attack. This change will only be temporary, and the image will be back working properly in a day or so. Sorry for the inconvenience. AmiDaniel (talk) 10:46, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Eww!
Can someone not find a photo of a bird with a non-hairy arse to go on this page?!? The one now is disgusting! Skinmeister 18:58, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is supposed to inform people about the world that is, not the world as some of us might wish it were. From my experience, that appears to be a fairly representative example of the subject illustrated.  Kasreyn 20:06, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh. My. God. I have never seen anything like that in real life, and would run a mile if I ever had the misfortune to. Skinmeister 20:16, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * What does that have to do with improving this article? Kasreyn 22:23, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * It wouldn't make people barf when they come to it, for one. Skinmeister 22:40, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Please refer to WP:NOT; Wikipedia is not censored to avoid offense. Kasreyn 23:28, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Well said, Kasreyn. Skinmeister (and perhaps your nick tells us all we need to know), if you are looking for "pretty" sanitised imagery, can I suggest you go to one of the many pornographic sites on the internet. It is not the purpose of Wikipedia to appeal to your personal taste. Bobble2 11:56, 24 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Hmm... visit a pornographic website. Thanks, I'd never thought of doing that before! Skinmeister 12:12, 24 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Excellent. Everyone's happy then. Bobble2 16:43, 24 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I am sorry to revive the topic, but it appears like the model has dirty fingernails on top of everything. Whose wife is she? ;-) jcordova 16:30, 16 August 2006 (PST)
 * I like the cut of your jib! Thanks for removing the image, I shall now sleep much more peacefully. Skinmeister 13:19, 17 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Come on, how juvenile can we possibly get here? If you don't like it, leave it the hell alone! rom a rin [talk ] 15:12, 17 August 2006 (UTC)
 * My dear Romarin, How unWikipedian!!! Your comment is a slap in the face to the very concept of the Wikipedia!jcordova 14:30, 17 August 2006 (PST)
 * I'd love to make a whole WP article about comical WP "discussions." The above is on my personal top-ten list.  Jib, indeed! Sugarbat (talk) 18:18, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

No, I'm sorry, but your attempted censorship of this photo is what is un-Wikipedian. This is an informative picture of a real woman. No air-brushing, no alterations. Yes, we have pubic hair. Yes, sometimes we have dirty fingernails. So what? The comments made by yourself and Skinmeister sounded juvenile and sexist, and I felt that it was important to point out, as that is generally not appreciated around here. rom a rin [talk ] 22:12, 17 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree, censoring perfectly informative pictures is a "slap in the face of the very concept of Wikipedia" (speaking of which, jcordova, maybe you should read WP:NOT, and WP:5P, you might learn a bit more about this so called "concept"). And comments such as "whose wife is she?", with or without a smiley, are disrespectful, if not insulting.
 * To come back to the picture, the dirty nails are barely visible at the size the picture is in the article. But if you have a willing model, why don't you come up with your own picture? We could then discuss which is most informative and representative. But for the moment there is no better alternative. Iron C hris |  (talk) 22:22, 17 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Alright. I stand by my request for a better picture of an average-looking model, and argue that I was not *censoring* but merely trying to improve the quality of the entry. As for the "wife" comment, it was merely meant to be funny, in the hopes (misguided) of preventing any hostility, but I retract it if it was perceived as disrespectful. By the way Romarin, I have been using and editing Wikipedia for about two years now, so no need to be condescending with me about what is appreciated "around here" as if I were a newcomer. Again, I was hoping to use humor to keep this from turning into a vicious edit/reedit cycle. jcordova 16:30, 17 August 2006 (PST)
 * While I agree that having multiple photographs to choose from could only help the article, I really don't see anything wrong with the quality of this photo. Could you please specify what the problem is? And I honestly don't think that a tiny bit of dirt under the nails (only visible if you look really closely) should be an issue. Not only does this photo show all outer components of a woman's genitalia, but they are labeled so we know what they are called. How is this not of encyclopedic value? I can't give the same credit to the other photo, which only shows half of what the article is about (there is also the labia minora, let's not forget). And I never implied that you were a newcomer; please don't put words into my mouth. Everyone, from the newbie to the veteran, needs some advice every now and again. I really don't care how long someone has been around; if they seem to be hurting rather than helping the project, I am going to say something, as should every concerned editor. rom a rin [talk ] 14:40, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

I had a couple of thoughts on the photo which I wanted to bring up for discussion. First, I think the "Eww!" and "nicer labia" comments in regards to Sarahvulva.jpg are inappropriate. Someone effectively donated their image to Wikipedia, and at the current time no superior one has been found; I think we owe the person or persons involved a certain amount of thanks, which ought to at least extend to being polite. With that said, I'm not sure if the image is the best one for this page. It's really, IMO, more of a "vulva" image than a good "labia" one. (Not coincidentally, it's also used on the vulva page.) I wonder if something more like this image might be better: Image:Vulva15.jpg. Now this isn't a particularly good image (it would need some cropping, for a start), but I think it might be more appropriate for this topic. It seems to emphasize the labia rather than the other structures of the vulva, and it also isn't a stereotypically "pornographic" vulva (which I think we should stay away from -- I'd rather have "accurate" or "common" than "pretty.") Does anyone have any thoughts? I think we definitely need an image or images for this page, but I question whether the spread-labia Sarahvulva.jpg is really the best choice. --Kadin2048 20:21, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

 * To the person above ^^^The current pic is not as labia-specific(?) as the alternate option you suggest, but the current pic is showing the labia in context of the whole vulva so is it really that much of a problem??? And honestly, if it was changed to a picture like you posted, there is going to be even more people trolling, complaining and making juvenile remarks like "ew beef curtains!" etc.

 * There's a cropped image up at Image:Vulva15Cropped.jpg. Having said that, I think Image:Vulva11.jpg is the better image to replace Sarahvulva.jpg. Fishies Plaice 03:57, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I think the photos on the page right now ( http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Labium&oldid=76083914 ), are good and a substantial improvement over the old one. None of them on their own would really be great, but together they give a fair illustration of the different variations, without going totally overboard. I vote that we keep it this way, and the hell with people who don't like looking at it; if they find prettier vulva pictures, we can consider them at that time. Nobody should come to an article on labia and be surprised when there are pictures of labia there. --Kadin2048 18:22, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

Just keep the photographs proffessional, Sarahvulva.jpg wasn't much a a reference picture, Proffessional photographers and healthy hygenic models are very neccessary. Look at the EYE articles and see quality phograph of a human eye that doesn't look like it was taken by an amature photographer.

 * I guess I'm not completely upset at hairless vulvae being displayed here since it makes for easier illustration of the underlying skin, but should BOTH pictures be hairless? There's enough pilophobia around as it is.

For heaven's sake. Surely the only thing that's needed is a comment that the hair has been removed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:02, 2 January 2012 (UTC)

Requested move 2011

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was move per request. A history swap will be necessary.--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 12:00, 14 August 2011 (UTC)

Labium (genitalia) → Labia – Two issues here. First is WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. Since this is an English encyclopedia, the fact that "labia" means "lip" in Latin is rather trivial; in English, "labia" almost always refer to the genitalia. Second, the word is almost always used in the plural; referring to a single labium is so rare that it should be an exception to WP:SINGULAR. (Note that even "genitalia", the disambiguator on this title, is plural -- shouldn't it be either "Labia (genitalia)" or "Labium (genitalium)"?) Powers T 20:34, 7 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. Actually, "labia" means "lips" i.e. plural, as you pointed out (and as I assume you meant). Parenthetical note: members of the sex that have them, always have a pair, which is the basic reason why it should be in plural. HandsomeFella (talk) 08:31, 8 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Support per WP:COMMONNAME. – ukexpat (talk) 14:44, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Support per nominator (although I should be pedantic and point out that in Latin, the singular of genitalia is just genital). —<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:06, 11 August 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The 'pronounced' labia minora are not particularly pronounced and still fairly small compared to the human average - sort of the equivalent of using the average plus-size model as an example of what a plus-size woman looks like. I believe this detracts from the informative mission of wikipedia.

- Linked here from an article mentioning a man describing perfectly normal female genitalia as 'hideous' because he'd looked up labia on wikipedia and therefore 'knew what they were supposed to look like'. The social 'norm' or societal expectation is for small labia minora, but wikipedia should be representing reality, not modern western cultural ideals. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:11, 8 December 2012 (UTC)

Other biological use of labia?
It was pointed out in this article that the labia is the membrane that regulates the airflow that passes through the syrinx. I'm assuming what it is referring to is similar to vocal folds, but am unsure. Is there a wider use of the word labia? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:23, 6 May 2013 (UTC)

Where's the hair?
Surely there are some photos that would show more realistic labia--meaning unshaven. I noted that the photo of scrotum shows public hair where the photos of labia show none. At the least, the photo should be captioned to note that the women has shaved, lest some curious child think that adult women are hairless.A Softer Answer (talk) 13:41, 5 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Agreed. The pictures in this article need to be changed to show more of the natural variations between individuals. I made a note that public hair was removed in the lead image. --kyledueck (talk) 00:32, 26 March 2014 (UTC)

Labiaplasty NPOV?
It seems that the line:

A misunderstanding of this latter fact sometimes leads women to seek labiaplasty to "correct" them.

...doesn't present an NPOV, unless someone can produce evidence to support labiaplasty as strictly a "corrective" procedure. AKADriver 00:36, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

 * http://www.webmd.com/women/vaginoplasty-and-labiaplasty-procedures
 * summary: mostly used in cosmetic surgery, rarely in reconstructive surgery --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:00, 8 September 2014 (UTC)

Human specific or not?
If the Labia are human specific, then I would suggest that the initial sentence be phrased more closely to the one for Foreskin, something like "In Female Human Anatomy...". OTOH, if the Labia is not specifically human, then some non-human information should be given in the article.Naraht (talk) 01:41, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

 * The labia are not human specific. Other mammals have labia, but I'm not sure about other animals. I agree that the article would benefit from more info on the subject. kyledueck (talk) 17:50, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Race?
Can we get some more racial variety in these pictures? We've got 30+ white vulvas on this page, giving off the impression that they only come in one shade. Maybe add additional vulva collages with different skin colours? 07:54, 25 May 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:22, 7 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Vulva collage 12.jpg

New lead image
I think a single image better illustrates the topic than a (cluttered) gallery which illustrates differences among vulvas, which can be featured later on in the article. Kolya Butternut (talk) 16:27, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 12:42, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Labios Majores grandes.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 04:24, 24 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Labios Majores grandes.jpg

title: Talk:Labia/Archive 1


text:
Brockleymoor

 Brockleymoor was a hamlet in Cumbria, England, but it is now part of the village of Plumpton. It is located several miles north of Penrith, not far from the M6 motorway.

title: Brockleymoor


text:
User:Pedro.Gonnet

My name is Pedro Gaston Gonnet and I was born January 6th, 1978 in Montevideo, Uruguay.

I am currently living in Zurich, Switzerland.

I am currently working on a PhD in Computer Science at the ETH Zurich.

The focus of my research is in Topic:Numerical Algorithms, and I have experience in Topic:Bioinformatics and Topic:Simulation Science.

Work in Progress
I am currently trying to pull together a Department of Scientific Computing in the School of Computer Science. I'm currently adding courses to the topic Numerical Algorithms.

 * Numerical Algorithms
 * Finite Arithmetic
 * Interpolation and Extrapolation
 * Root Finding in one Dimension
 * Root Finding in many Dimensions

I am also fiddling with an introductory programming course in Zonnon which will be added to the Department of Computer Programming as soon as I am no longer ashamed of it.

de:Benutzer:Pedro.Gonnet

title: User:Pedro.Gonnet


text:
Talk:Bhumika Gurung

Protected edit request on 4 August 2019
I would like to create a completely new page with with fully resourced information about this actress, she has become very popular having done this show and creating a wikipedia page on good resource. i'm not an individual or company working for money to create her page. --Lisamol (talk) 08:41, 4 August 2019 (UTC)Lisamol Lisamol (talk) 08:41, 4 August 2019 (UTC)
 * ❌ as the requester is indef blocked. — xaosflux  Talk 13:15, 8 August 2019 (UTC)

Correct aage bhumika gurung
Correct age bhumika gurung is 30yrs old. Please update — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:15, 7 June 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 6 August 2023
She was married to Amit Singh Gosain aka Keith. She claims it was just Roka but she is lying. She married him and in a few months got divorced. I have pics of her first marriage. She then married Shekhar in a short time after her divorce. Expert liar and opportunistic woman. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:52, 6 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. 💜 melecie   talk  - 11:03, 6 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bhumika Gurung