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Talk:Linus Torvalds/Archive 1

Robert Hooke
Does the diversion on Robert Hooke belong here? Ejrrjs | What? 22:55, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Linux and GNU/Linux naming reverts
I have recently made these edits to the article, which were fully reverted 10 minutes later by AKMask without any discussion here whatsoever, under the reasoning of "rv, theres an entire article on this issue, and it is unrelated to Torvalds personally". I am well aware that there is an article on this issue. I fail to see how this is could be unrelated to Torvalds since he is obviously one of the key parties directly concerned in the matter, and has voiced his opinion on it numerous times. The Richard Stallman article, for example, has an even lengthier discussion of the GNU/Linux vs Linux naming issue. Furthermore, this article already mentioned it in the first place; I simply expanded on what is already said, to make it, in my opinion, both more readable than it was ("However some," ??) and provide more useful information for the reader, on what was already mentioned. I did not expand to make it 5 paragraphs worth of controversy, I added 2 or 3 sentences that leave the situation (for both sides) more accurately described. This article already reads semi-POV enough, with hardly any mention of any criticisms toward Linus; no mention in the article text of his tendency and subsequent reputation for flaming and personal attacks, of what happened in the whole Linux is obsolete debate, of those who disagree with the way he runs the Linux kernel and claim he is power hungry, smoothing of his comments regarding GNOME (which were basically him flaming them on their own mailing list)... Capi 15:30, 20 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Torvalds has commented on the issue a few times, Stallman makes it a central focus of his public speaking being the main reason the article's cover it differently. If you wish, after the 'or GNU/Linux' mention include a link to the main article, but this is not the place for a large digression on the topic. Id go so far to say that Stallman's page isn't either, but perhaps more on WHY he feels that should be the name, since he's so vocal about it. As for the power-hungry part, feel free to add that in with a source, I didn't notice that part :) - M ask  02:58, 21 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I've removed anything about the GNU/Linux controversy from the article anyway.--Chealer 04:28, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Quote attributed to Linus
I'm not very familiar with this article, but I thought I'd mention in my reading I came across this quote which is attributed to Linus by Michael J. Jordan of the Linux Online Staff: "In these days when Ubuntu is hogging the spotlight (though much of this attention is truly merited), it's good to know that you can count on a distribution from the days when "men were men and they wrote their own device drivers" as Linus Torvalds once said."

For the complete context and source, see the Linux Online review of Slackware 11. I thought it was a good quote; whether anyone thinks it is appropriate to include somewhere in the article or not is up to those who are familiar with this article.  Big Nate 37 (T) 20:31, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Vox?
Uh, not a regular editor or anything -- but what's with 'Linus Benedict "VoX" Torvalds'? It was introduced a few days ago, and the article has been edited since and no one removed it, so I'm just wondering -- what is the "VoX" for? There's no explanation, nor do any of the pages named Vox have any sort of reference to this. Just, y'know, wondering. Janux 19:15, 26 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I think it's just some funny vandalism. Personally I think all the Wikipedia should be "sprotected" so only registered user should be allowed edit, this way would eliminate 99.999% of the vandalism that we see. If that's against Wikipedia's principle at least articles like Linux, Linux Torvalds, Microsoft that attract vandal funboism should be permanently protected against anonymous editors. But that's me and I don't make the policy here, drop me a line of if you want my support (vote) in this issue. -- AdrianTM 19:43, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

Taking a back seat
I could be wrong, but I thought I read recently that Linus was going to start taking a back seat in terms of Linux kernel development, and that he was going to hand over authority and responsibility to his underlings. Is that right, or have I picked that up wrongly? Adw2000 16:49, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

Birthplace
Uh, Olso is the capital of NORWAY. So was he born in Oslo (Norway), or Stockholm (Sweden)? For an encyclopedist, the author of this article could do a little wee bit of research, or even know these things... —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 20:13, 24 September 2006 (UTC).
 * Thank you for pointing that out. The version you read was the result of a misinformation edit done by <IP_ADDRESS>. I have reverted it back to the correct form. Capi 20:14, 24 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Why does it now say he was born in both Helsinki, Finland, and Tulsk, Ireland? Atamasama 15:16, 1 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Also the above information was caused by vandalism, that was already reverted. Cate |Talk 16:54, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

Article is a disaster!
Considering who this guy is the article should be a featured article. Where are the Linux zealots to polish it up and fill it with tons of content? C'mon! Fill her up.-BiancaOfHell 13:35, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Would: IPA: this be OK?

 * Waiting for some expert, I would rather propose:
 * --Johan Magnus 10:07, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Except that Finland Swedish lacks []. The Finland Swedish short u is pronounced []. Not even Sweden Swedish has a [] for a short u, since it's rather []. Norwegian has [], though.
 * Jens Persson (<IP_ADDRESS> 14:05, 2 July 2007 (UTC))

"Linus was inspired by Minix"
It looks like somebody doesn't like this sentence. Look what Linus said in his book "I learned what I liked about the operating system [Minix],-- and, more importantly, what I didn't like" also "and because the Minix file system was well-documented anyway--I made my file system compatible with the Minux file system" also "My original goal was to create an operating system that I could eventually use as a replacement for Minux" -- doesn't that sound like an inspiration (learned pluses and minuses of the OS, used a compatible file system)? I'm not in love with this sentence, I would accept other formulation, but not when I'm accused of vandalism for a good-faith edit. -- AdrianTM 04:00, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

 * No. WP:SYNTH. That simple --L--- 04:08, 2 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't think WP:SYNTH means what you think it means, where is "A" and where is "B" what synthesis? -- AdrianTM 04:10, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

 * A- His book says that he learned what he did and didn't like about MINIX. B- Wherever you got your definition of inspiration from. C= His book says this, which means that he was inspired. --L--- 04:12, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

 * For the record: from here one of the meanings: "prompt: serve as the inciting cause of; "She prompted me to call my relatives" " -- that's the meaning that I used the word, even if Linus was "DISGUSTED" by Minix that prompted him to do Linux, if he didn't read the book about Minux of Tanenbaum he might have not done it, he also used Minux file system specification (and for this I have a clear reference) that's a clear inspiration in any sense of the word. However, I think the solution used by MediaMangler is better. -- AdrianTM 06:24, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

I don't see how "based on Minix" is any less a violation of WP:SYNTH unless you can cite a source for that specific phrase. Certainly that phrase does not appear in the cited "Linux vs. Tannenbaum" source. On the contrary, that source specifically states that "MINIX is a microkernel-based system. ... LINUX is a monolithic style system." I can't see how you can justify citing that as a source for the claim that Linux is based on Minix when both Linus and Tannenbaum assert that the two kernels are based upon two entirely different paradigms. MediaMangler 09:08, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I edited this article to use similar phrasing to that used in the Linux article. I hope this will settle the dispute, since it just makes the simple, factual statement that he developed Linux as a replacement for MINIX.  MediaMangler 09:18, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

 * He designed his system using MINIX, although he changed things he didn't like about it. Somewhat in the same way that Conservapedia uses Wikipedia as a base a lot of the time, even though they turn out almost completely different. I do agree that your version is more precise, however. --L--- 13:48, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

 * You and I seem to have different understandings of the meaning and implication of the phrase "based on", just as you and AdrianTM seem to have different understandings of the meaning and implication of the phrase "inspired by". I strongly suspect that all three of us intend to impart the same meaning, the words just keep getting  in the way.  --MediaMangler 14:26, 2 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your edit, this is much better, "based" didn't make much sense to me. -- AdrianTM 06:22, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

sentence: he wrote 2 % of the code
Firstly, how do you measure that? Number of bytes submitted? Number of bytes originally submitted that stayed in the code? I don't believe it is that easy to measure and the text does not tell. Secondly, the source for the sentence about the 2 percent (http://www.nndb.com/people/444/000022378/), lacks any authority, is badly researched, lacks sources... 2 percent can give you the idea that other people, many people(?), contribute to the kernel except for Linus, but what more? I am for removing the sentence or just putting it as it should be, that there are some dedicated people, the code is managed, by whom (links!). and that's it, without any strange numbers. --Ben T/C 13:16, 30 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm always up for removing anything that's unsourced. However, I just discovered a source (Linus' half auto-biography, Just For Fun) that might help out with some of the unsourced info, so for at least the next couple weeks, I'd prefer a Fact tag to outright removal. (Although this is just one girl's opinion, others may vary) spazure  (contribs) (review) 08:51, 5 September 2007 (UTC)
 * As long as it isn't anything contentious, (example: The Sorcerer Linus and the beast worked together to overthrow Mammon would go, "Linus has a kid" would be fine) I'd agree with you. Alternatively, there's also we can put around unsourced statements, that way it's easy to source them later on, without showing people controversial content -- lucid 08:56, 5 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, yes. I try to use WP:AGF to mean WP:assumecommon sense, as well ;-) spazure  (contribs) (review) 09:00, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

Name
How is Linus Torvalds' name pronounced? Since I am from the United States, I would pronounce it [] (sounding like Linux, only with /s/), [], or [] Is it one of those, or is it different? ionas68224|talk|contribs|email 21:39, 15 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Did you try the pronunciation link? -- AdrianTM 22:48, 15 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't have the .ogg vorbis player. I am afraid that it has too many bites and will crash my system. ionas68224|talk|contribs|email</tt> 07:11, 16 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I assume you run Windows, here's a how-to for installing the codec: http://windowsxp.mvps.org/ogg.htm -- AdrianTM 12:46, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

Sounds to me like. kwami 01:57, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

An amusing coincidence
We've been calling Linus Linux's "benevolent dictator" for years. His middle name also happens to be a contraction of that--"Benedict." How amusing. :-) --Mr z (talk) 22:26, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

"Tørvalds"
Can we have more detail on this being the "original orthography"? I saw three weblinks that use it, though Linus never uses it himself - David Gerard 15:45, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * If it is not Torvalds then it must be Törvalds and not Tørvalds. 'ø' is used in danish and Norwegian language but in Swedish uses 'ö' for the same sound. But if you search for 'Törvalds' site:.se and 'Törvalds' site:.fi you will not get any results so I guess no-one in Sweden nor Finland has the surname 'Törvalds'. TraxPlayer 21:48, 20 Jul 2004 GMT+1

 * The "Tørvalds" in the web searches is in fact Linus. Presumably that's why the person who added it thought it was the original orthography - David Gerard 12:11, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * That sounds like a joke...

'  —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:18, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Nø realli! She was Karving her initials on the møøse with the sharpened end of an interspace tøøthbrush given her by Svenge–her brother-in-law–an Oslo dentist and star of many Norwegian møvies: "The Høt Hands øf an Oslo dentist", "Fillings of Passion", "The Huge Mølars of Horst Nordfink"....

Linus Torvalds facts
what's "unencyclopaedic" about it? there's a full Chuck Norris Facts article, where the Linus Torvalds facts are mentioned. so why shouldn't they be mentioned in Linus Torvalds's own article? --Linuxfanboy (talk) 16:53, 15 March 2008 (GMT+1)
 * Perhaps I'm biased because I just don't think they're funny, and recognize some of them as rehashed Real Programmer jokes or manglings of actual Torvalds quotes. Anyway, the Chuck Norris thing is primary.  Where's the evidence that the Torvalds spin-off is notable, beyond a few blogs and mailing list posts? Kanguole (talk) 00:55, 16 March 2008 (UTC)
 * well they're circlin' around various IT-related forums, blogs, mails and whatever - just like it started out with the Chuck Norris facts. I've seen heaps of these Linus facts in Norway. and there's even a dedicated page that's collecting them. either way, I don't see the harm in mentioning them. oh and yeah, I think they're funny so I guess we're equally biased haha. Linuxfanboy (talk) 14:35, 16 March 2008 (GMT+1)
 * Linus Torvalds has approved of the Linus Torvalds Facts site and the t-shirts now. maybe we can include it in the wiki article? -lovelettertyperitwer

Orders, decorations, and medals of Finland
Has Torvalds been given any orders, decorations, and medals of Finland? – Kaihsu (talk) 22:18, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

Stock options
The article claims he earned 20 million from stock options, using http://www.bellevuelinux.org/linus.html as a source. It isn't cited there. For a claim this important there should be a more reliable source, such as a press release or more likely interview. Thus, I'm removing it for now. Superm401 - Talk 20:10, 13 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Why don't you just look the damn factoid up before removing it

Awards
Linus existence is being celebrated by the computer museum. He earned the Fellow Award of the institution. Take a look. It should be in this article. Computer History Museum Fellow Awards —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:18, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

"website"
I think the link in the info box is unnecessary and should be removed. It's not a real website and clearly has been abandoned years ago. The address given there is to Transmeta! --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:00, 22 July 2008 (UTC)

Blog
Doesn't Linus have a blog??? :( —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:11, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

Yes, he has a blog now - http://torvalds-family.blogspot.com/ - I added it to the article but it was removed. That would be fine except the old homepage is less relevant than the blog but still included. That's Wikipedians for you I suppose ... —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:33, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

 * There's no problem in including the blogspot link, but how are you so sure its the real Linux Torvalds? If you have a resource, please add the link again and post the resource here. Abhishek Talk 16:11, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

The verified source for the blog is here - http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/10/6/300 —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:59, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

Linus' military service
i noticed that in http://torvalds-family.blogspot.com/2008/11/healthy-lifestyle.html Linus mentions that he served 11 months in Finnish army. Could somebody add it to the article (my english isn't good enough)? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:01, 5 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Yeah man, i'm on it. I've got his book here... —fudoreaper (talk) 05:51, 21 January 2009 (UTC)
 * K, i added some about his military service. Then i did more edits. If you ever look back here, mr anonymous, let me know what you think.  —fudoreaper (talk) 07:01, 21 January 2009 (UTC)

Creation of linux
Why doesn't this have anything about him actually creating linux? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:32, 4 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Ha ha ha! Why not indeed! What a terrible oversight. I shall try to recify this, but perhaps tomorrow.  Thanks for the observation.  —fudoreaper (talk) 07:04, 21 January 2009 (UTC)

Why so little recent news?
I came to this to get a high-level overview of what Torvalds is up to generally these days, but there's really very little in his Biography section after 1999. This is puzzling considering what a high profile person he is. The Recognition section does have more recent information, but that's not really biography. Does anyone have an executive summary of what he's up to? thanks --Brian Fenton (talk) 18:41, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

 * A biography does not contain a schedule of speaking events, alleged scandals reported by The Tattler, or a list of projects and activities. His blog (in the external links) should fulfill your desire.  —EncMstr (talk) 19:38, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks EncMstr for the reply. I wasn't looking for any of those things you listed and I am aware of his blog. I was looking for an executive summary of his work in the last 10 years. For example, is he still involved with Linux etc. --Brian Fenton (talk) 17:19, 23 May 2009 (UTC)

Concerning Prolog's biased vandalism
Prolog, who are you to say a source is not good enough? Do you know how to discuss? What was your evidence that Linux Journal and celebatheists.com were not reliable sources? Are you too lazy and stupid to get the magazine you are so distrustworthy of? Would you rather have us believe that your god Linus is stupid when it comes to religion and morality, or that atheist websites can't be trusted, merely because you said so, oh "god" Prolog? What's wrong are atheist's suddenly not trustworthy enough for you? Is Linux Journal an untrustworthy source Mr. Administrator and Univerisity Stupid Prolog? And what is your evidence of "original research" anonymous "genius". So you would also have us all believe that you are too stupid to understand a short conversation? Oh genius Prolog, since you are telling us all that you are too stupid to understand a short piece of an interview, how about asking someone else before making arbitrary attacks to make it look as if Linus is smarter and more moral than he really is (which obviously is hardly, as that interview shows).

Oh and arbitrary Prolog, it's very telling how you and other administrators allow me to be trolled and stalked on Wikipedia, when I try to add an additional to reference when there is only one or two, allowing a stalker to tell me that the additional reference adds nothing new, despite the fact that Wikipedia asks for more than one reference if possible. When will you all stop the hypocrisy on Wikipedia and arbitrary attacks on those who are religious, especially Christians? So much for "no personal attacks" and citing more than one source if you can, right Prolog? But then again, "Wikipedia isn't about truth." Right Prolog? Be honest, oh wait, I forgot: "Wikipedia isn't about truth." Okay then, "be FACTual", oh wait, I forgot, "Wikipedia isn't about truth." I better look elsewhere for FACTS than and go somewhere where "contributions" and "collaboration" aren't trashed merely because the contributions and collaborations don't fit the personal biases of the adminstrators of Wikipedia. Yahweh Rules (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 21:07, 15 November 2009 (UTC)

Real first name is "Linux"
I have read multiple sources which refer to this individual as "Linux." Perhaps we should update the article title and content? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:37, 21 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I very much doubt that you can provide even one source for such a claim. --MediaMangler (talk) 03:42, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

Tove Torvalds
Why have the link to Tove_Torvalds under his pic redirect to his page? Shouldn't there either be a Tove Torvalds stub (she's a semi-notable karate champion, according to this article), or no Tove link at all?

Yea, is this done by a Finn that believes that the wife is an appendage to the husband? If so, then this setup works... However, since she is an accomplished person herself and this is an encyclopedia there should not a redundant link back to her husband's webpage when you open her page. I will try to open a new page so that future Wikipedians can edit or build her page. Stevenmitchell 19:52, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually why is there a need to link to her page? Why is she relevant to Wikipedia beside being Linus wife... for being a "semi-notable karate champion"? Who is interested in her bio? AdrianTM 20:14, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

Can someone confirm that Tove Torvalds has been Karate champion six times? It was in the article with a question mark besides it; I took it out because it didn't seem appropriate as it was
 * Don't worry, I confirmed it myself (see www.netshooter.com/linux/halloween4.html)

--Lezek

It's in his autobiography, which is loaned to my mentor right now... but the coauthor mentions that Tove is disappointed in Linus' attitude towards fitness. Pakaran 01:44, 15 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Regardless of whether Tove Torvalds is notable, Tove Torvalds should not redirect to this page. Either create an article about her, leave it as a redlink, or don't link to it at all. Redirecting to Linus Torvalds is the only thing not to do. J I P | Talk 18:01, 27 October 2010 (UTC)

Note on state church
the statement "Torvalds also acknowledges that his views on religion are shaped by the fact that the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland has the authority to impose a tax on its members." is not backed up by the source given http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3655?page=0,0 and so seems to be original research. IRWolfie- (talk) 21:51, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

If Linus was not influenced by the fact that the ELCF imposes a tax on its members why did he go out of his way to mention this fact when asked about the subject? Highly doubtful that the interviewer or his audience knew this, so Linus was trying to express his knowledge of the subject and be informative. If he said this I don't understand how it can't be called original research. I think you need to read the full interview again and put his thoughts in context. Thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:37, 9 April 2011 (UTC)
 * It is original research to suggest what formed his views when the source has not explicitly stated it. IRWolfie- (talk) 20:36, 10 April 2011 (UTC)

I think he DID explicitly state that what influenced his views. I read the entire Linux Journal article and thought it was very interesting. Linus seems to be concerned about politicized religion in the U.S., but hedges when discussing church and state in Europe. Its almost as if he thinks that hundreds of years of state religion in Europe does not equate to politicized religion. He says he doesn't care much about religion and politics but reveals that he doesn't know much about this either. For someone who doesn't want to talk about it he sure does have a lot to say!
 * if that is the case provide a citation. IRWolfie- (talk) 14:41, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

Linus' take on the Linux Desktop
While I don't write exactly why Linus Torvalds thinks the Linux Desktop is not going the right way, I did update (anonymously, sorry - I didn't realize I wasn't logged in) what he said lately about it. It shows both a part of his personality, and what he thinks a good user interface is. Espadrine (talk) 12:44, 4 August 2011 (UTC)

"Open Knowledge Campus of World Wide Web"
...is somebody's PDF about how to use free software "to build your own multinational corporation". The site is not a real school or foundation; it is a web domain for cloud business based somewhere in India. It is therefore a corporate entity of some sort, and this purpose document is written in absolutely atrocious English. Linus is mentioned in a "historical overview" type of section; nothing more. There is nothing either unique or noteworthy about this source, nor is it appropriate for WP use. For those reasons, I've removed the section twice now, and I am hoping that this is more than enough rationale for not having to remove it a third time. MSJapan (talk) 19:53, 23 October 2011 (UTC)
 * It seems there is an effort by this anonymous user to get sangkrit.net into the article. IRWolfie- (talk) 10:48, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

The Linus Theory of Innovation or whatever we may call that...
I think without mentioning the fundamental worldview of Linus on human innovations that he elaborates in the preface of his autobiography, any article on his personality is just incomplete. I also think that a simple citation about his own book should be considered as more than enough. I request all of you to look into the matter and make it somehow. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:56, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

 * I wonder though; does it have due weight for inclusion? IRWolfie- (talk) 20:11, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

It seems so as whole preface of the autobiography of Linus Just for Fun is devoted to that theory therefore it would be a justice showing his own philosophical outlook in his profile. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:18, 25 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is not an outlet for justice. The article on the book doesn't even mention this philosophy so this really sounds like WP:UNDUE. If good reliable secondary sources can be found there may be reasoning to add it to the article, but please get concensus first. IRWolfie- (talk) 13:07, 30 October 2011 (UTC)

File:Linus-pronounces-linux.ogg
has been proposed to be deleted as unused. Should we use it to provide a sample of his speech patterns and voice print? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:16, 1 January 2012 (UTC)

Opinion on GPL3/DRM
"Linus's opinion on GPL3 was interpreted as supporting the use of digital rights management[3]." I think his opinion is more like this: he is for code freedom while the part of GPL3 that he reject is about machine freedom (not code) and that is irrelevant to Linus. He is not necessarily for DRM, he says that people will choose if they want a DRM machine or not, but he actually says that he's only interested to have code modifications available. It's a little bit something else than "Linux is for DRM" as that line in article reads. AdrianTM 19:51, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 * From the mouth of the horse: Linus on the kernel mailing list in 2003 "Flame Linus to a crisp!" Palosirkka (talk) 07:05, 25 June 2012 (UTC)

Dead links
Citation number 28 is a dead link, does anyone have a mirror?

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:36, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

Finnish-American?
He is listed as Finnish-American on the Finnish-American article. Does he have a US passport? It only says he stayed in the US a couple of years, and that wouldn't make him American, would it?
 * He has been living in the US since 1997, which is sufficient time to get a green card, wait for 5 years and be naturalized as a US citizen. I thought of taking a look at the US government's naturalization records, but those require the consent of the (living) citizen in question.  So Torvalds would have to volunteer any information about his naturalization as a US citizen, if he has in fact done so.Kevinp2 (talk) 04:05, 1 February 2008 (UTC)
 * [ http://www.shusterman.com/torvalds.html This link] seems to indicate that he was in the process of applying for a green card in 2000. Kevinp2 (talk) 04:10, 1 February 2008 (UTC)
 * He mentioned on his blog not that long ago that he had never got around to applying for citizenship, although he is indeed entitled to. Calum (talk) 16:49, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

As a matter of basic law, if he does not have US citizenship then he is not Finish-American but rather Finish. I am a big fan of Linus Torvalds and his OS, but lets be accurate Willbennett2007 (talk) 12:27, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

Apparently, he is now a US citizen.

I think the "Nationality" entry should be kept to legal nationalities. If you ask an American her nationality, she might say something like "Oh a bit Spanish and a bit Irish". Surely what is meant here is the legal relationship of an individual to a specific nation (in the United Nations sense of the word). Does he hold dual nationality? The US might have obliged him to give up his Finnish citizenship - I'm not sure what the rules are - but he might still legally be a Finnish citizen from a Finnish point of view. It is correct to call him a Finnish American ("Finland-Swede American" is unwieldy) but it shouldn't be listed as his nationality. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:42, 8 March 2013 (UTC)

References?

Why is the same book listed twice? J I P | Talk 10:10, 29 March 2013 (UTC)

Article in Fine right ?
I think it's halarious that whoever wrote it kept it short and sweet and cited his inner conflict with choosing a desktop. There are lots of citations and books to see in references to follow. (i still say olvwm and rcs are cool)

I think the old linux-announce could be a link to add.

I read in a newsgroup? post Linus was frustrated with Sun license and took the opportunity to write a test kernel to run (bsd) source. Have 0 idea if it's true.

None of the story is unusual to many coders: except the widespread interest in a kernel download with a few power bsd utils at a time when people's pc were clocking more time rebooting that uptime and the huge doss code base people made was (tampered with). I installed the 5.5" floppy of linux i remember - right to hd! See on wiki the tree of unix kernel releases and offshoots ... wow!

Me I'd like a link to really old kernel releases as i'm lazy to install a 5 1/4 just to do it :)

-- John — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 03:01, 6 July 2013 (UTC)

The nationality
Torvalds is sweden born in Finland. There are about 5% of swedes living in Finland, and he is from such family. See «Just For Fun». —Preceding unsigned comment added by EUvin (talk • contribs) 11:08, 8 October 2009 (UTC) See also Swedish-speaking Finns.
 * Yeah, so? That's already mentioned in the article. Read the MOS about how we treat nationalities. man with one red shoe 17:53, 8 October 2009 (UTC)
 * OK. If anglofones mean nationality in such way, let it be finnish. But I'm also interested: I'm russian born in Ukraine, am I ukrainian? :-) —Preceding unsigned comment added by EUvin (talk • contribs) 12:19, 15 October 2009 (UTC)
 * You're both! But nationality labels are ambiguously used both for the paternal language and for the citizenship, so best is perhaps to say something like Russian-speaking Ukraine citizen. ... said: Rursus ( m bork³ ) 13:59, 25 October 2009 (UTC)
 * To man with one red shoe I would reply: Explain jargon is part of WP:MOS too! To EUvin I would say: man with one red shoe means Manual of Style which isn't the proper article, instead the Opening paragraph of Manual of Style (biographies) is the proper place to read. For experienced editors in general WP:DONTBITE is a very good article to read. And for everyone WP:BEBOLD, don't search consensus unless the topic is controversial or tricky, just do! ... said: Rursus ( m bork³ ) 14:12, 25 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Categorization/Ethnicity, gender, religion and sexuality is better than Wikipedia:Manual of Style (biographies). BTW, the "MoS" is extremely large, and it's better to be bold and read "MoS" at need only, i.e. when conflicts arise. ... said: Rursus ( m bork³ ) 14:22, 25 October 2009 (UTC)
 * The Swedish speaking population of Finland are usually considered to be ethnic Finns. And Linus certainly considers himself to be an ethnic Finn, see this message, where he refers to Finnish culture as his culture: https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/7/15/407 --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:10, 16 July 2013 (UTC)

Poorly worded statement
From Biography / Early years: "He programmed an assembly language and a text editor for the QL, as well as a few games." Making an assembly language is hardware engineering, which I'm pretty sure Linus never did. says he wrote in assembly on the QL, but he could've made an assembler too, possibly with its own opcode names (which can be seen as making an assembly language, if you interpret it liberally, but that requires further citations). Could someone who's more comfortable than me at editing BLPs verify what he did and didn't and fix it up? --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:51, 11 September 2013 (UTC)
 * It would also be good to clarify whether the text editor was written in assembly, or if the assembly code and the text editor were different things. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:03, 11 September 2013 (UTC)

Updated Picture
Can we get an updated picture of Torvalds? The current one is over 10 years old and he doesn't look like that anymore. Companioncube31 (talk) 02:14, 15 December 2013 (UTC)

NSA Joke
Linus Torvalds was making joke about being approached by the U.S. Government/NSA "Oh, Christ. It was obviously a joke, no government agency has ever asked me for a backdoor in Linux," Torvalds told Mashable via email. "Really. Cross my heart and hope to die, really." Could we update the page to reflect this? http://mashable.com/2013/09/19/linus-torvalds-backdoor-linux/ Piscivorous (talk) 15:33, 15 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Thanks. That story was buried and not one of "main" publications decided to make any corrections. CanadianLinuxUser (talk) 15:38, 15 April 2014 (UTC)

Torvalds actually lives in Dunthorpe, Oregon (not Portland)
"A sort of anti-celebrity, he is plainly ambivalent about fame and content to stay nestled at home in a tony cluster of million-dollar houses atop the densely forested hills of the Dunthorpe neighborhood." http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2005/06/linus_torvalds_incognito_inven.html

Torvalds lives in Dunthorpe, Oregon, a suburb of Portland. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:47, 8 July 2014 (UTC)

Biography about actually developing Linux
The biography section oddly glosses over the initial development of Linux. Probably, 'Early life' should only describe events before he started university, and then there should be something like 'Education and early career' about his university time and the start of Linux development (since his university education and the beginning of Linux are intertwined). Mattflaschen - Talk 19:35, 18 August 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 3 one external links on Linus Torvalds. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20101024130712/http://www.h-online.com:80/open/news/item/Linus-Torvalds-awarded-2010-C-C-Prize-1122542.html to http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Linus-Torvalds-awarded-2010-C-C-Prize-1122542.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090930195123/http://www.time.com/time/europe/hero2006/torvalds.html to http://www.time.com/time/europe/hero2006/torvalds.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20100208151509/http://www.h-online.com:80/open/news/item/Linus-Torvalds-named-one-of-the-100-most-influential-inventors-922622.html to http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Linus-Torvalds-named-one-of-the-100-most-influential-inventors-922622.html

Cheers. —<sup style="color:green;font-family:Courier;">cyberbot II <sub style="margin-left:-14.9ex;color:green;font-family:Comic Sans MS;"> Talk to my owner :Online 02:34, 27 August 2015 (UTC)

Chronological confusion
Putting the following events into chronological order would make the article more readable: Torvalds attended the University of Helsinki between 1988 and 1996,[11] graduating with a master's degree in computer science from NODES research group.[12] His academic career was interrupted after his first year of study when he joined the Finnish Army Uusimaa brigade, in the summer of 1989, selecting the 11-month officer training program to fulfill the mandatory military service of Finland. In the army he held the rank of second lieutenant, with the role of a ballistic calculation officer.[13] Torvalds bought computer science professor Andrew Tanenbaum's book Operating Systems: Design and Implementation, in which Tanenbaum describes MINIX, an educational stripped-down version of Unix. The book changed Torvalds' life: he was fascinated by the clear structure of the Unix and its underlying philosophy. In 1990, he resumed his university studies, and was exposed to UNIX for the first time, in the form of a DEC MicroVAX running ULTRIX.[14] His M.Sc. thesis was titled Linux: A Portable Operating System.[15]

His interest in computers began with a Commodore VIC-20,[16] at the age of 11 in 1981, initially programming in BASIC – and later in assembly language. After the VIC-20 he purchased a Sinclair QL, which he modified extensively, especially its operating system. "Because it was so hard to get software for it in Finland, Linus wrote his own assembler and editor (in addition to Pac-Man graphics libraries)"[17] for the QL, as well as a few games.[18][19] He is known to have written a Pac-Man clone named Cool Man. On January 5, 1991[20] he purchased an Intel 80386-based clone of IBM PC[21] before receiving his MINIX copy, which in turn enabled him to begin work on Linux. The first prototypes of Linux were publicly released later that year.[10][22] Version 1.0 was released on March 14, 1994.[23] At the moment, reading this and making sense of it is something like assembling a jigsaw puzzle. NotYourFathersOldsmobile (talk) 22:40, 23 September 2015 (UTC)

Employment?
What does Linus do to make money? Does he live on donations, or is he a freelance coder, what? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:27, 5 September 2009 (UTC)

 * As the article says, he is employed by the Linux Foundation. Regards  So Why  10:40, 7 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Donations from Intel, Oracle, IBM, etc. to the Linux Foundation. I don't know his current arrangement.  He was a network admin for years down at that chip company in Silicon Valley he used to work for -- he had never actually been hired as a programmer until the Linux Foundation, just did it for fun.  I have not spoken to him for many many years.  I met him in 1998 and used to talk with him on the phone a bit in the old days. I emailed him some time back and he no longer responds to most folks except on LKML, and even then rarely.  I never got a reply.  <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:12, 16 October 2015 (UTC)

First name references to Linus Torvalds compromise neutral POV
While I have long been aware of the conventional reference to "Linus" in the free software community, that is not nearly enough justification to do it anywhere in Wikipedia. It seems to be a bit of an affectionate and thus biased reference that the vast majority of readers should not at all be expected to understand or agree with. It makes as much sense as referring--in Wikipedia--to Richard Stallman as RMS.

It is inconsistent with usage in the Linux article and probably other important articles. It is also inconsistent with references to many other people with relatively unusual first names and of far greater fame and influence, such as Elvis Presley. Presley was also always known to everyone by his first name and yet Wikipedia scrupulously refers to him by his last name. Important exceptions include: first names of top historical figures, say Jesus, Mohammed, and Leonardo; one-word names, such as Aristotle; and stage names such as Cher.

Can anyone explain why all first-name references to Torvalds should not be corrected in this article and in others?

 * I didn't think about this issue, but I think in many instances it makes sense to use the first name, for example "Linus is married to Tove Torvalds" is better than "Torvalds is married to Tove Torvalds" don't you think? I will try to add both names where it makes sense. -- AdrianTM 18:14, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks, and sorry for my newbie oversights. I replaced another first name with a pronoun.  More generally, unambiguous pronouns help readability anyway of course. -- Freed42 19:06, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Fixed I think. One note on the "Can anyone explain why all first-name references to Torvalds should not be corrected in this article and in others?" this is Wikipedia, you can edit yourself if you find an error or if you want to improve, don't ask other people to do it (also, don't forget to sign your posts) -- AdrianTM 18:20, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

This has nothing to do with NPOV, it's just an MOS issue. Of course the people that use Linux probably think of Stallman as RMS and Torvalds as Linus, and of course the people writing an article about a major influence in Linux are going to be people that use linux. It has nothing to do with bias, it's just a habit. -- lucid 08:59, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't know if I care too much, this just reminded me, saw this the other day: Talk:Arvind_(computer_scientist) [on first/mononym]. I assume/pretty sure, that in Linus' case (as in my own country), people go by first names. Yes, this is English wikipedia, but also there have been (heated) discussions on naming, on using names people want to use themselves for them.. comp.arch (talk) 03:08, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

Linus Torvalds Image
Why are there now two images of Linus Torvalds with the same name (but one with a .jpg ext. and the other .jpeg) which are identical apart from being horizontally flipped?

One is used on this page and the other on the Linux page.

- The one used in this article. - The one used in the Linux article (the original image).

User:Some_Person seems to have created the 2nd image, with the description: "flipped so he faces toward article". I don't know if this is justified or not, but surely both this article and the Linux article should be using the same image. It is quite odd seeing him flip from facing one direction to facing the other when going between the two articles. Canderra 20:16, 7 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Fixed.--Chealer 02:07, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

 * The missing image above is now at commons:Image:Linus Torvalds flipped.jpg --Selket Talk 14:49, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I believe the flipped image is not justified in this context. There may be aesthetic reasons to prefer an image that faces the article, but they are outweighed by the need for complete accuracy in an encyclopedia. Torvalds is not symmetrical, so a flipped image of him is a distortion. Kanguole (talk) 00:58, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

 * , Is he more left or right brained, can't see from the picture.. comp.arch (talk) 03:12, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

Both picture used in the article are from 2002, maybe the main one could be updated with a more recent one? Paedric (talk) 21:37, 4 August 2012 (UTC)

Terrible Improved Article
This article reads like spaghetti. I come away from the article without a clear picture of the father of Linux. Needs a lot of work. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:46, 16 October 2015 (UTC)

 * I can recommend the book/biography on him. At least for nerds like me, interesting. Still, I can't say I agree with you about the article being terrible (maybe even before you edited). I see you (or your IP, and unless you are Linus I'm not sure it is ok..) deleted a lot because of BLP issues. I didn't have anything to do with those parts, just noticed from it:

 * Sarah Sharp told the fiery Finn, warning him she’s "not taking it any more"

 * She and at least one guy just recently publicly quit kernel development. She was careful not to name names. I'm not saying it belongs, at least in this article, or what to do about it; many quotes you deleted where from Linus. Not sure, if they work without context from other quotes. But they may not belong here because of BLP issues. In contrast:

 * In 2005, Torvalds appeared as one of "the best managers" in a survey by BusinessWeek

 * Feel free to improve the article, I'm not saying only "good stuff" should be in, but only such stuff?

 * I copied some info from the Finnish (google translated) article at some point. The best I could. I'm just not sure, you can get a good look into a person/him from wikipedia articles.. Or books.. (or the source code from Linux..). Most likely you'll get an impression from reading the LKML.. (I'm not saying, I hit on random outburst, that is mostly news that I read, that point to LKML.). comp.arch (talk) 02:31, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

 * The section at the end labeled "Controversy" knocks the whole tone of the article off balance. Not sure why a biography should be controversial.  Just doesn't flow well.  <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:22, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

 * Reads much better now and flows without the spaghetti at the end. Nice and clean and no BLP. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:16, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

 * The Finnish machine translated version has a lot of good info, but will take a great deal of work to move that content and current the machine translation skew. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:27, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

BLP Should be Observed
Controversies about Linux, Gnome, Linux Community, employment issues with disgruntled employees, etc. belong in articles on those subjects and not in a biography. There are numerous articles on Linux and its associated community squabbles and those subjects belong there as per BLP. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:43, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

 * This is wrong, for isntance here are controversies described in the article about a person. If look a bit, there are lot of controversies on wikipedia article. So please but them back here.
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Pelzer#Controversy

 * Here is another example of Controversy in a biography. There are lot of examples of controversies in biographies
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_H._Lemelson#Controversy

Personal Life
The personal life subsection has references to criticism such as from Poettering. I do not think that this belongs to the "personal life" subsection but should instead be put into another section, perhaps called "Criticism" or "Controversies" or of a similar name. How else does Poettering belong into Linus' personal life in any way please? So why does the main article currently link this together? 2A02:8388:1600:A880:BE5F:F4FF:FECD:7CB2 (talk) 05:23, 10 January 2016 (UTC)

Cool Man?
Does anybody have a screenshot or copy of the game Cool Man? An image of it would look good in his article. thanks — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:31, 9 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100110045635/http://www.simple-talk.com/opinion/geek-of-the-week/linus-torvalds%2C-geek-of-the-week/ to http://www.simple-talk.com/opinion/geek-of-the-week/linus-torvalds%2C-geek-of-the-week/

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Just for Fun (book) AFD outcome
There was a "a rough consensus for a merger" at the end of the AFD (please see 'Merger as a result of a deletion discussion'). Three users favored the merger with one other without showing objection, I call it a rough consensus? Finally, the closing admin only suggested to have the merger discussed elsewhere. -- M h hossein   talk 17:29, 25 August 2017 (UTC)
 * The closing person didn't close it as a merge but as a keep, and sugeested start a discussion elsewhere. E.g. on the talk page of the article. Your template said the outcome of the AfD was merge. Christian75 (talk) 18:03, 25 August 2017 (UTC)
 * "merger be discussed elsewhere" ≠ "merger  be discussed elsewhere." --  M h hossein   talk 17:46, 26 August 2017 (UTC)
 * However let's ping the closing admin --  M h hossein   talk 17:48, 26 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Correct but meaningless. That a merger can be discussed just means that anyone who thinks the page should be merged, can start a discussion on the talk page. I don't see a consensus to merge at the AFD, with one editor arguing to keep and you, as the nominator, agreeing it's a notable topic (and thus logically can have a stand-alone article) with only one editor arguing to merge. A discussion on the talk page might of course end in merging but that's for said discussion to decide. Regards  So Why  18:01, 26 August 2017 (UTC)
 * You added a template which said the outcome of the AfD was merge, see, but that wasnt the outcome of the AfD Christian75 (talk) 23:59, 26 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Although I'm inclined toward opening a merger request, Did you really not see a consensus for merger?
 * Czar's merger proposal
 * My agreement with the proposal
 * Mark viking's agreement with the merger
 * What do you call it, if it's not a consensus? Three users out of four had agreed on that without facing any objections. -- M h hossein   talk 06:04, 27 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Actually, I did not say that. I said there needs to be more discussion on the specifics of such a merge, especially whether it really makes sense to move this page before redirecting it since the disambig page can handle that as well or whether the topic is still the primary topic even after a merger, thus leaving the disambig page where it is. There are plenty of examples of both cases, so this needs to be addressed before a merge can happen. Sorry if the rationale was unclear at this point. Regards  So Why  08:09, 27 August 2017 (UTC)
 * So, are you telling me that a merger proposal should be started? -- M h hossein   talk 17:54, 16 September 2017 (UTC)
 * As I said, feel free to do so. Regards  So Why  20:11, 16 September 2017 (UTC)

 * I see a clear consensus for redirect/merge, regardless of what was put in bold. I don't understand why the close should indicate that merger (not the move) be an auxiliary discussion, not least because it was uncontested. Eye close font awesome.svg czar  09:18, 28 August 2017 (UTC)

Just for Fun (book) merger proposal
There was a "a rough consensus for a merger" at the end of the AFD (please see 'Merger as a result of a deletion discussion'). Three users favored the merger with one other without showing objection.

 * Czar's merger proposal
 * My agreement with the proposal
 * Mark viking's agreement with the merger

However demanded a separate merger proposal. What do you think about the merger proposal? -- M h hossein   talk 11:44, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Given the consensus at the AfD page and no objections in the previous section, I don't think you need any extra permission—you can proceed with the merger. (I would have just BRD'd it after the discussion but of course, this point would have been moot had the AfD been simply closed as "merge", as went the actual consensus...) czar  13:02, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

Controversy?
Where are the controversy about Linus Torvalds? There where lot of important information. Is this some kind of propaganda article? Criticism regarding Linus is not allowed on the Linus article?
 * Um. Could you be more specific.
 * Btw, criticism doesn't necessarily mean a seperate "controversy" section. It might, but not necessarily.
 * It's a shame you're keeping your information to yourself. If you can cite it, put it in the article.
 * But who knows when you wrote this. Meerta (talk) 02:58, 24 February 2018 (UTC)

Religion
I find the section about Torvalds' religious convictions (or lack thereof) far too US-centric. I think it should be much shorter. One or two sentences should be enough.

--Mortense (talk) 14:38, 4 August 2019 (UTC)

Pronounce “Linus”
The citation refers to a supporting video. However, in this video he pronounced it like lite. Shall we add both pronunciations, or do more research to see which one he really prefers? I feel like in US it’s more often the latter, so I guess the Leenus pronunciation might come from Finnish? --Franklin Yu (talk) 04:17, 22 November 2020 (UTC)
 * The pronunciation comes from Swedish rather than Finnish, and it is pronounced "Liinus".--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:38, 2 June 2021 (UTC)
 * To further the discussion, we can also consider the documentary Revolution OS where Linus is asked directly about the pronunciation. See https://youtube.com/watch?v=jw8K460vx1c?t=1400. Spoiler alert, he gives three unique pronunciations depending on whether he's speaking Swedish, Finnish, or English. Somers-all-the-time (talk) 02:03, 17 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Linus Torvalds/Archive 1


text:
Drowned lands

Drowned lands is a name sometimes given to seasonally flooded areas, or to areas flooded by reservoirs. Sometimes it is poetically applied to lands said to have been lost to the sea, such as Lyonesse.

There are certain locations particularly identified with this appellation:

United States

 * Ancram, New York, in the valley of Punch Brook
 * Fish House, New York, now covered by Great Sacandaga Lake
 * Between Hamburg, New Jersey and Denton, New York, along the Wallkill River, drained to form the "Black Dirt Region"
 * Medford, New Jersey
 * Along the Wabash River in Indiana
 * Putnam, Dresden and Whitehall, New York, at the south end of Lake Champlain

Netherlands

 * Verdronken Land van Saeftinghe
 * Verdronken Land van Reimerswaal

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Drowned lands


text:
Talk:Empress (chess)

Mate in 2
In the mate in 2 puzzle, what is the solution for Kd3 and Kd5? For any other King or pawn move the given solution works, but for these two moves I cannot find a solution. MarSch (talk) 09:17, 7 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Oh dear...the given solution is the only one present in the link. Should I remove it, since it's apparently not a sound problem? Double sharp (talk) 12:17, 7 March 2016 (UTC)

A better Title for this article?
I think this article's Title should be changed to either "Chancellor" or "Marshall". I could not find any information that the name empress (for R+N compound) has ever been used historically nor currently. Even the article itself does not indicate a source of where this name comes from. Under history, the first named use of this piece is given as "The name chancellor was introduced by Ben Foster in his large variant Chancellor Chess...".

According to the Chess Variant Pages, the name empress is NOT used in any of the following variants (all which use a R+N compound):

Shatranj Al-Kabir, Carrera's Chess, The Duke of Rutland's Chess, Turkish Great Chess, The Sultan's Game, Bird's Chess, Chancellor Chess, Capablanca Chess, Wolf Chess, Cagliostro's Chess, Renniassance Chess, Grand Chess, The Remarkable Rookies, New Chancellor Chess, Paulowich's Chancellor Chess, Cobra Chess, Grand Hexachess, Euchess, Chess 2000, Eric's Great Chess, Pre-Grand Chess, Cavalier Chess, Unicorn Chess, Haynie's Great Chess, Pick-the-Team Chess, Hexmate, Grand Cavalier Chess Bedlam, Metamorphin' Fusion Chess, Fusion Chessgi, Fusion Chess, Metamorph Chess, Giant Chess, Perfect Chess, Terror Chess, Turkish Chess, Trihex, The Knightliest Black Hole, Drop Chess, Fantasy Grand Chess, Blackhole Chess, Gigachess, Four Towers, Abecedarian Big Chess, Full Double Chess.

The names Chancellor and Marshall are much more commonly used names for this piece. (The Chess Variant Pages titles its page as "The Rook-Knight Compound").

Please let me know if there is consensus for renaming this article to "Chancellor (chess)". Thanks.LithiumFlash (talk) 17:54, 9 February 2017 (UTC)

 * (2/11) I did some more searching, and could find NO CASE where the name empress was ever prominently used for the (R+N) compound. It was never used historically, and is not being used for the most modern variants (those using a RN being Abecedarian Big Chess, Full Double Chess, Seirawan Chess, Musketeer Chess, and Chess on an Infinite Plane). I could also find NO EXAMPLES where the name empress has been used by problemists.

 * But I did find 47 chess variants where OTHER NAMES were used for the RN compound. "Chancellor" is among the most common, and the most common used recently.

 * Therefore (unless there is an objection) I will plan to change the title of this article to "Chancellor (Chess)" in about two weeks. (It is done by a "Move" of all content in this article to the new Title). I will also change the corresponding text in the article to be consistent with the new title.

 * Please let me know if there are any comments or objection to this. Thanks.LithiumFlash (talk) 17:40, 11 February 2017 (UTC)

EMPRESS = Rook + Knight. PRINCESS = Bishop + Knight. GNU = Camel + Knight. DRAGON = Pawn + Knight. GRYPHON, GRIFFIN = Pawn + Bishop. SQUIRREL = Alfil + Dabbaba + Knight. DEMI-QUEEN = Rook + Demi-Bishop. GRAND-QUEEN = Rook + Grand-Bishop. (b) Combinations with one Power of Movement, another of Capture (X-Y) or (X-mover/Y-capturer) [...]"p. 54: "BCM = British Chess Magazine; H.S. = Hermann Stapff (author of Einfuhrung in das Marchenschach); L.J. = Les Jeux d'Echecs Non-orthodoxes by Prof. J. Boyer." (I.e., ) --IHTS (talk) 20:03, 11 February 2017 (UTC)
 * No. Empress is the scholarly name, the others have various popular use. From A Guide to Fairy Chess, p. 13:"COMBINED CHESSMEN (BCM July 1989 1898; H.S. pp. 18–9; J. Boyer, L.J. pp. 83–4) Two or more chessmen may be combined into one, and some of these combinations have fixed names. (a) Combinations with Fixed Names (XY or X + Y) OMNIPOTENT QUEEN, TERROR, GENERAL or AMAZON = Queen + Knight (used before 1500 A.D.).
 * The scholarly tradition, as IHTS writes, is in favour of "princess" for the BN and "empress" for the RN, and these are the names problemists tend to use. Only in that field is there an actual consensus on what to call those pices, since many incompatible names have been invented for both in chess variants (doubtless because they are among the most obvious fairy pieces to reinvent). I would personally prefer to stick with a name that is at least standardised in one field over one that's not standardised in any. Double sharp (talk) 04:09, 12 February 2017 (UTC)
 * Note that the name Empress (and Princess) is used in the chess variant Superchess: http://www.superchess.nl/ H.G.Muller (talk) 14:11, 22 July 2017 (UTC)
 * P.S. I have been wondering for a pretty long while why the empress was the RN, and not the QN, since an empress by rights ought to be stronger than a queen. The RN could have been a duchess... Double sharp (talk) 16:26, 4 January 2020 (UTC)

Thanks. I used the information you provided to make the first paragraph in the article more clear. It will explain the discrepancy between common usage and this article's title.

Note however a title change still needs to be considered. Wikipedia's guide says a title should have "Recognizability – The title is a name or description of the subject that someone familiar with, although not necessarily an expert in, the subject area will recognize. ...The title is one that readers are likely to look or search for..."

There's no preference for titles to be scholarly or scientific, i.e. "Apple" is preferred over "Malus pumila". The book you cite is interesting, but by no means does it set the standard for "correct" names of chess pieces. It might be what the author proposed in 1989, but consensus and actual usage may be far from what he suggested.LithiumFlash (talk) 05:29, 12 February 2017 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure "chancellor" or "marshall" have anything like an indisputable claim; which one should the title be if we use a "common" name? It seems to me that both are used to a similar extent. I would note that it's not just the scholarly tradition that uses "empress"; fairy chess problemists usually adopt that name and no other. So now we have three conflicting names, all with a claim to be "common": "empress" is the most common among problemists, while "chancellor" and "marshall" (maybe with one L instead of two) are the two most common among chess variant inventors. The page nevertheless can only have one title, so it makes some sense to appeal to the scholarly usage in a case that is as disputed as this one, even if we would of course use the most common name when that is not in dispute. Double sharp (talk) 05:51, 12 February 2017 (UTC)

 * The book you cite is interesting, but by no means does it set the standard for "correct" names of chess pieces. I'd dispute that; the book is a sort of "Bible" for fairy chess. I posted it also because it's inaccurate that the name empress (for R+N compound) ... was never used historically. Also note typo correction above (1989→1898). Also "Some names they have acquired are [...] R+N: Admiral, Cannon, Champion, Colonel, Concubine, Count, Dabbaba, Duke, Empress, Guard, Lambeth, Lord Chancellor, Marshal(l), Princess, Samurai, Superrook, Tank, Visier, Wolf." --IHTS (talk) 08:39, 12 February 2017 (UTC)

OK, thank you for the information. I will not change the title of this article, unless there is new commentary that causes one or the other to be favored in a strong way.

Btw, the article "Princess" has a similar issue. Most variant chess games using a B+N compound call it the Archbishop, Cardinal, or Paladin. Only one variant has called it the Princess, but I know your argument applies there also. I might add that as a topic on the talk page there also.LithiumFlash (talk) 16:32, 13 February 2017 (UTC)

A mention (under a different name)
This seems to be one of the few fairy chess pieces that has any mentions in the larger world; see this NY Times article, where it receives a (very) passing mention under the name "war machine." --JBL (talk) 14:11, 11 April 2017 (UTC)
 * The princess is also mentioned therein as the "vizier", as both pieces exist in Turkish Great Chess. Historical variants ought to be judged as more important than variants someone made up one day and placed on a popular website, because the former at least have a historical tradition of having been played somewhere. I would think that pieces become notable if they either exist in a game that is extremely widely played (the chess pieces obviously have their own articles, but I'd think that the xiangqi and shogi pieces may deserve that as well), or if they exist in multiple independent games that have a serious claim to notability, or are common in the problemist tradition. The princess and empress certainly fall into the latter class; the grasshopper and nightrider too, but more in fairy problems. The "elemental leapers" up to a perimetre of two are certainly notable due to historical usage; the ones up to three are a bit more shaky, but IIRC the zebra is still reasonably common and standard in the problemist tradition.
 * There are, of course, limits. There are some pieces which have standard names in the problemist tradition ("marquis" and "prince" are knight+ferz and knight+wazir – or it might be the other way around; I can't really remember), but since they have almost no independent use outside that tradition, and are in any case combinations, I'm less inclined to let them through. At least the threeleaper, zebra, and tripper are "simple" in the sense that they might be components of a more powerful piece that can exist independently as "atoms", though they are getting near the lower limit IMHO and I wouldn't mind if they were deleted if there happened not to be adequate serious sources for them (I just have a strong feeling that there are, from my recollections). Double sharp (talk) 14:20, 11 April 2017 (UTC)
 * About historical variants, yes, sure -- but only if there are actual sources that support that they really do have any history. The ten or so articles on fairy chess pieces I've looked at are full of comments about the age and history of the pieces, but none of them have a single decent source supporting the historical claims.  (The same is true for the estimates of their values, all of which seem totally made up.)  --JBL (talk) 16:10, 11 April 2017 (UTC)
 * I wonder..., have you published your analyses of fairy piece values (e.g. BN, RN, W, F, D, A) anywhere else outside CVP? (I think the BN value is surprising enough that publication in a serious journal should not be much of a problem!) To answer your question, no, they are not made up: I know one prominent researcher in this on WP. But I am not sure how complete his results are at this point and how many pieces he plans to extend them to, which would be important for finding this in a reliable source. Double sharp (talk) 22:39, 11 April 2017 (UTC)
 * I first published it in the (now all but faded-away) Gothic Chess forum: z13.invisionfree.com/Gothic_Chess_Forum/index.php?showtopic=389 . I never published it in any serious scientific journal. I considerd the ICGA Journal for that, but never got to actually writing a paper. It would also be of more interest if I could find an explanation for the anomalously high BN value, but I still did not accomplish that. H.G.Muller (talk) 14:20, 22 July 2017 (UTC)

The analog with empresses with eight queens problem
There are 92 solutions to put eight queens to the 8x8 board, how many solutions to put eight empresses to the 8x8 board? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:20, 14 April 2021 (UTC)

Edit war over the term "knook"
I notice that people keep adding the term "knook" to this article, but the linked reference doesn't list it as an alternative name for the Empress. The only place I can see this term being used for this piece is the /r/AnarchyChess subreddit, and only within the last two weeks. There are no independent reliable sources that call it that (or if they are, they should be cited when adding the term back into the article). Edderiofer (talk) 14:23, 15 October 2022 (UTC)

 * "Knook" was first coined in 1986, here: Chess Tours (kevingong.com) Dodolulupepe (talk) 21:21, 4 December 2022 (UTC)
 * See the comment two sections below by Casualdejekyll:
 * "reliable source" is wikipedia-speak for "has an editorial policy and is not self published, is known to correct false information, might be cited in other places" and some other stuff. I don't think Kevin Gong's site, which appears to be self-published, counts. Generally we're looking for a news article or a book or something.
 * So no, that probably doesn't count. A mathematical paper published in a peer-reviewed journal would count, though, but I'm not aware of any new literature on the Empress that states that it's also called a "knook". Edderiofer (talk) 07:30, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
 * @Edderiofer It's referred to as a Knook here ( http://kevingong.com/Math/ChessTours.html ) (near the bottom of the page) but it uses a different symbol than r/anarchychess uses and a different symbol than the empress Janhetjoch (talk) 10:02, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
 * See my reply to Dodolulupepe above, citing Casualdejekyll below. Edderiofer (talk) 10:34, 5 December 2022 (UTC)

Can we add a "In popular culture" section mentioning that it has been referred to the knook on Reddit? TheOneTEM (definitely a human) (talk) 22:14, 4 December 2022 (UTC)

 * I think this would be the best solution. it seems that it's not just r/anarchychess that uses this term as a google search brings up multiple sources that do as well, but not in official literature. Captain Chicky (talk) 02:32, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
 * We would need to be able to cite an independent reliable source that explicitly mentions the name "knook" in popular culture. Otherwise, it fails notability. (And if such an independent reliable source existed, it would probably be fine to just add the name "knook" to the list of names given at the start of the article without making an entirely new section.) Edderiofer (talk) 07:24, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I think it's also worth noting that the "Knook" uses a different icon than the "Empress" so that could justify giving it its own little section. SlikeSpitfire (talk) 03:15, 5 December 2022 (UTC)

Amazon description
It describes the amazon as a rook+knight+bishop. However its definitely a queen+knight from piece designs, and also how its described in the article about it. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:43, 15 November 2022 (UTC)

 * The definitions are equivalent. ISaveNewspapers (talk) 19:34, 6 December 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 15 November 2022
Add "Knook" to the list of common alternative names, cite any use of the piece on the r/anarchychess subreddit and add the commonly used symbol as an alternative Kingturboturtle (talk) 03:27, 15 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Reddit is user generated content and not considered to be a reliable source here. Cannolis (talk) 03:31, 15 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Google knook Kevin Gong 1986 fugure 9-1 http://kevingong.com/Math/ChessTours.html <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:46, 4 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Holy Hell.In all seriousness, "reliable source" is wikipedia-speak for "has an editorial policy and is not self published, is known to correct false information, might be cited in other places" and some other stuff. I don't think Kevin Gong's site, which appears to be self-published, counts. Generally we're looking for a news article or a book or something. casualdejekyll  03:15, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I got downvoted on Reddit for this stance. Please pity me. casualdejekyll  21:12, 5 December 2022 (UTC)

There is no good reason why knook can't be added as an alternative name, considering it's popularity in the online chess community. How do you get sources for something like this? Wikipedia's obsession with sources is really stupid when it comes to things like this. There is no way something this casual will ever be seriously talked about by any chess professional, but it's still a legitimate name for the piece that is used, definitly more than "Emperess". You have "dababba" and "superrook" listed as alternate names, which I am 100% certain are used less than knook. Get off your high horses and admit you need to change the article. 9:02 AM UTC, 5 December 2022, Anon
 * If this will never be mentioned by any professional or anyone writing on the topic, then it clearly isn't notable, so it shouldn't be added. Further, there's no need for personal attacks (WP:PA). Edderiofer (talk) 10:48, 5 December 2022 (UTC)

 * I wasn't making personal attacks, and I still think it is a legitimate thing to add to the wiki. I don't agree with the people claiming that the title of the article should change to knook, but knook should be added as a colloquial alternate name, since it is absolutely used by hundreds of people on a daily basis, even if those people are all part of the same community. The decision ultimately up to the people who maintain this wiki, and I acknowledge that, but this will never change if you don't get feedback. Surely wikipedia has protocols for when a common phenomenon has no professional sources? I know there are things worth putting on wikipedia that have no reputable sources - if you want an example, look at any number of articles on internet memes, which I guarantee you have things not cited by reputable sources on them. I don't want to attack anyone, I am just trying to make the article better by including information. Surely we can both agree that's a good thing? Anon (talk) 5:02 PM, 5 December 2022 (UTC) [reply] <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:02, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
 * If it's that notable, someone will eventually mention it (even in passing) in a reliable source, and we can add it afterwards. See WP:NORUSH. Edderiofer (talk) 17:34, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't care if its added or not. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:00, 6 December 2022 (UTC)

Update: Here's a chess.com article talking about knooks. I don't know how to edit wikipedia articles, but could someone who knows how to put this in the footnotes as an alternate name now that there's a source? https://www.chess.com/blog/YEAT/look-its-a-knook — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:600:c67e:1790:1948:1db0:4ab1:85e4 (talk • contribs) 02:27, 16 December 2022 (UTC)
 * That's a self-published blog on Chess.com, written by a random Chess.com user with no editorial oversight. As User:Casualdejekyll above said:
 * "reliable source" is wikipedia-speak for "has an editorial policy and is not self published, is known to correct false information, might be cited in other places" and some other stuff. [...] Generally we're looking for a news article or a book or something.
 * So no, it's not considered a reliable source (see also WP:RSSELF). Edderiofer (talk) 04:27, 16 December 2022 (UTC)

Update: I waited six months, and found a Youtube video with International Master Erik Rosen talking about knooks 20 seconds in. Is that a reputable enough source to include? Asking permission before I edit since I'm not familiar with how to edit on Wikipedia and I don't want to screw up the page. Link is https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7iYF7uCpwQ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:600:C981:12C0:E04B:EEDB:8BE:D4D7 (talk) 07:32, 10 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Empress (chess)


text:
Talk:Elizabeth Pickett Chevalier

Modern reviews of Drivin Woman
For those interested, though not "reliable sources" for use in main article. . The consensus appears to be that the book is sort of racist in its language and outlook, though it can be viewed as a product of its time and setting (post Civil War Kentucky). See ("The heroine having this thought is America Moncure, and Drivin' Woman follows her from her father's plantation in Appomattox, at the end of the Civil War, to Appalachian Kentucky in 1911, which all sounds well and good except that the "old way of life" in Virginia that America intends to restore is that feel-good antebellum one, where people can be bought and sold and spend their lives in the enforced servitude of others. Wah, wah. Sad trombone. It's just a little too nostalgic for the bad old days, and unlike the characters from Gone with the Wind, which has some of the same problems, you're supposed to sympathize with America and not roll your eyes at her, and so the whole thing didn't work for me.")--Milowent • hasspoken  15:47, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I guess you can't expect the granddaughter of a Confederate general who grew up and ran a tobacco farm in Lexington, Kentucky, before 1920 not to exhibit some tinge of an antebellum racist society. Incidentally, I notice that in the early 1920s she also worked with Henry B. Walthall, star of The Birth of a Nation, to make the 1925 John Ford film Kentucky Pride around her home town (a film in which a horse named "Virginia's Future" is beaten down in tough times but bears a young colt named "Confederacy" that emerges to save the day in a final victory). —BarrelProof (talk) 02:39, 10 January 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Elizabeth Pickett Chevalier


text:
Charmoille, Switzerland

Charmoille is a village and a former municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 it became part of the new municipality of La Baroche.

title: Charmoille, Switzerland


text:
Talk:Encyclopedia of Science Fiction

Separate book from "The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction" by Nicholls & Clute.
I created this page for this book which is a completely distinct book from the Nicholls & Clute book of nearly the same title. I think a book that has contributions from such notable figures as Asimov, Holdstock, Harrison, Moore, among others, should have its own page.

I will add to it if I can, but sources for the book, largely because of the similarity to the title of the better known publication that still exists on the internet authoritative sources are hard to come by. Duckwalk71 (talk) 03:38, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I've now adjusted the relevant wikilinks that came to the redirect page - they now go to the correct page for The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction by Clute and Nicholls.Duckwalk71 (talk) 04:53, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * It is not just about the links, there is no indication that this book passes notability criteria. If it can be shown to pass notability,  is correct and a new page should be created called something like Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (1978 book), and then this page turned into a disambiguation page.  Onel 5969  TT me 13:41, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Really? So after I have updated pretty much every page that linked to the redirect (bar a few automatically generate log pages) "Please address the links" gets turned into "Well... it's not just the links", but now apparently professional published book, that went through more than one edition, has a ISBN number, is edited by Robert Holdstock, with an introduction by Asimov and contributions from among others Christopher Priest, Harry Harrison, and Brian Stableford, is "non notable"! However your solution seems reasonable, though I imagine another reason will come up to change it back. Certain people here seem determined to memory hole this book.Duckwalk71 (talk) 13:00, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * OK so as suggested I have created a new page for the '78 book and changed this redirect to a disambiguation page and even included the Brian Ash edited book for thoroughness. I hope that is to everyone's satisfaction.Duckwalk71 (talk) 13:46, 18 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Encyclopedia of Science Fiction


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Clinton and Jiang

Clinton and Jiang

Articles: Bill Clinton, People's Republic of China, Jiang Zemin , Sino-American relations , and 1996 U.S. campaign finance scandal.

This very dramatic picture has a lot of personality to it. On the one side is the serious looking Clinton addressing the audience, while the other side shows the pervading smile of Jiang. Behind the two leaders are the flags of their perspective countries standing in line as a symbol of cooperation and friendship. This amazing picture captures the emergence of a peaceful China as a key player in global affairs; seeking the friendship of countries around the world. The picture is in the public domain because it is a work of the United States federal Government.

 * Nominate and support. - Ryz05 22:09, 19 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose Unless you can find a larger version. --Lewk_of_Serthic contrib talk 22:35, 19 March 2006 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|15px]] Oppose Too low res. For the record i think you set up your nomination wrong. I've fixed it for you though. --Fir0002 style="color:#C6CACC; background:#F8FCFF">www 23:06, 19 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The resolution is much too small.  -- PS2pcGAMER (talk) 23:09, 19 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment. So far, it seems much of the problem stems from the resolution. As I'm not so good at photo editing, maybe someone talented in this area might feel obliged to improve the picture and nominate it in place of the present picture? That would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.--Ryz05 23:43, 19 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Its not possible to 'improve' that picture to featured picture quality without a much higher resolution original source image. Photo editors can't create detail that isn't there in an image. Diliff  | (Talk)   (Contribs) 00:45, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose, no source or verifiable copyright information, in addition to size and quality problems.--nixie 02:10, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Definitely too small. Also, if its Government copyright, a verifiable source should be given. --Janke | Talk 07:04, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose Hopelessly too small - Adrian Pingstone 20:26, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose copyright issues, and I don't think the image is particularly striking or informative. - Mgm|(talk) 11:03, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

--PS2pcGAMER (talk) 23:14, 2 April 2006 (UTC)


text:
Best Coast discography

American rock duo Best Coast has released four studio albums, two live albums, seven extended plays, 24 singles, and 15 music videos. Formed in Los Angeles in 2009, the band consists of singer, songwriter, and guitarist Bethany Cosentino and multi-instrumentalist Bobb Bruno.

title: Best Coast discography


text:
GCSE Science/Electricity multiple choice practice question 8

The graph above shows how the potential difference across a conductor varied with the current flowing through it. Which of the following statements is true ?

 * The resistance of the conductor increases as the current increases
 * The resistance of the conductor decreases as the current increases
 * The resistance of the conductor stays constant as the current increases
 * It is not possible to say anything about the resistance of the conductor based on the information given


text:
User:Sara.v.lopez49

"Hello, there. I am come from a small city in the midwest known as Chicago. You might have not heard of it because it's really, small. I attend a local university as well. It's not that famous but, its getting there. I am looking forward to graduating in a literature major, can you tell?"

title: User:Sara.v.lopez49


text:
Gutenbach (Appelbach)

Gutenbach is a river of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It springs east of Schneebergerhof (part of Gerbach). It is a right tributary of the Appelbach in Oberhausen an der Appel.

title: Gutenbach (Appelbach)


text:
User:Abdallah albeltagy/Books/Human Body (1)

A World Of Beauty, Harmony and Power

 * Human
 * Beauty
 * Palm (unit)
 * Hand (unit)
 * Human body
 * Composition of the human body
 * List of systems of the human body
 * List of human anatomical regions
 * List of human anatomical features
 * List of arteries of the human body
 * List of organs of the human body
 * List of bones of the human skeleton
 * List of muscles of the human body
 * Human brain
 * Body shape
 * Physical attractiveness
 * Female body shape
 * Sexual attraction
 * Body proportions
 * Integumentary system
 * Human skin
 * Glabrousness
 * Human skull
 * Facial skeleton
 * Neck
 * Thorax
 * Abdomen
 * Biological system
 * Human musculoskeletal system
 * Human skeleton
 * Axial skeleton
 * Appendicular skeleton
 * Muscle
 * Soft tissue
 * Muscle tissue
 * Muscular system
 * Respiratory system
 * Nervous system
 * Human digestive system
 * Circulatory system
 * Sex organ
 * Human reproduction
 * Male reproductive system
 * Female reproductive system


text:
User:Lazyquasar~enwikiversity

This is a popular pseudonym for user:mirwin who does not use this handle as a sock puppet or for trolling purposes. Political rabble rousing ... now that is a different story. The proper response to "like it or fork it" is "ok, when it suits me.

title: User:Lazyquasar~enwikiversity


text:
User:Ashbiebaby03

https://scontent-a-sjc.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-xfa1/v/t1.0-9/10420129_837722352954953_3503723088394217275_n.jpg?oh=4a97e927625ef2ab3a605818b88d1f9b&oe=556252CA

Ashbie Jimena Enriquez

Cagayan De oro City

20 Years Old

title: User:Ashbiebaby03


text:
United States Government

Part I- Before the Constitution

 * 1) Colonial Government in America
 * 2) The United States under the Articles of Confederation
 * 3) /The Constitutional Convention/
 * 4) /Ratification/

Part II- The Constitution

 * 1) The Three Branches of Government
 * 2) /The Federal System/
 * 3) /General Provisions/
 * 4) /The Bill of Rights/
 * 5) /The Later Amendments/

Part III- Present Government Structure

 * 1) /The Legislative Branch/
 * 2) /The Executive Branch/
 * 3) /The Judicial Branch/

Part IV- American Government: Theory and Analysis

 * 1) Criticism of the Legislative Branch
 * 2) Criticism of the Executive Branch
 * 3) Criticism of the Judicial Branch
 * 4) /Federalism and State Authority/
 * 5) /Constitutional Issues/
 * 6) /Civic Society/
 * 7) /Foreign Policy/
 * 8) /Domestic Issues/

Part V- Appendices

 * 1) /Civics Glossary/
 * 2) /The Declaration of Independence/
 * 3) /The Articles of Confederation/
 * 4) /The Constitution and Amendments/
 * 5) /The Annotated Constitution of the United States/
 * 6) List of Authors

title: United States Government


text:
Talk:Japanese/Introduction

A question about contributing
Hi,

I have been talking with other Japan-related bloggers about how we can work together to improve the Japan-related content available online and this wikibooks project came up as one of the things that would be great to contribute to.

I was wondering how we could best get involved and also if anyone who has worked on the project would like to comment on it and I will post the comments on my blog dailyj.net

Please let me know. Thanks (Toritaiyo 17:33, 29 November 2007 (UTC))

 * Find a page you're interested in contributing to, be bold and have fun. Contact others on talk pages relevant to the page in question — Talk:Japanese for the whole book. --Swift (talk) 07:58, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Japanese/Introduction


text:
2015 Trofeo Faip–Perrel

The 2015 Trofeo Faip–Perrel was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bergamo, Italy between 9 and 15 February 2015.

Seeds

 * 1 Rankings are as of February 2, 2015.

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
 * 🇫🇷 Enzo Couacaud
 * 🇮🇹 Andrea Falgheri
 * 🇮🇹 Federico Gaio
 * 🇮🇹 Roberto Marcora

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
 * 🇧🇦 Mirza Bašić
 * 🇩🇪 Daniel Brands
 * 🇦🇹 Martin Fischer
 * 🇫🇷 Maxime Teixeira

The following players received entry into the main draw as an alternate:
 * 🇫🇷 Benoît Paire
 * 🇫🇷 Axel Michon

The following player gained entry into the main draw via protected ranking:
 * 🇩🇪 Philipp Petzschner

Singles

 * 🇫🇷 Benoît Paire def. 🇰🇿 Aleksandr Nedovyesov, 6–3, 7–6(7–3)

Doubles

 * 🇩🇪 Martin Emmrich / 🇸🇪 Andreas Siljeström def. 🇵🇱 Błażej Koniusz / 🇵🇱 Mateusz Kowalczyk, 6–4, 7–5

title: 2015 Trofeo Faip–Perrel