text:
Talk:David Deida

Critics
Who are these critics of Deida and can somebody please cite them accordingly? It is quite humorous that the "lack of a formal academic degree" discredits this marvelous work... —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:08, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

removals
I have removed material from that does not comply with our policy on the biographies of living persons. Biographical material must always be referenced from reliable sources, especially negative material. Negative material that does not comply with that must be immediately removed. Note that the removal does not imply that the information is either true or false.

Please do not reinsert this material unless you can provide reliable citations, and can ensure it is written in a neutral tone. Please review the relevant policies before editing in this regard. Editors should note that failure to follow this policy may result in the removal of editing privileges.--Scott MacDonald (talk) 18:34, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

POV
article is still too detailed in a subtly promotional manner. Subjects like this are often written about from the POV of someone "in the know" about the various areas of knowledge he touches on. article should assume that the reader is not familiar with this field, and needs clear explanations. perhaps the wikiproject sexuality group could help here, so i tagged it.(mercurywoodrose)<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:25, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

Citations and Reliable Sources
The majority of the citations in this article are invalid either because they do not mention the subject (David Deida) and/or the feature inline URL's and links. There are not footnotes, these are citations for verifiable sources that the support text in the article. Please read WP:CITE and WP:RS and /or WP:V before adding any citations to this article as many of the former editors have added links and content that falsely represent citations. I assume this was done in good faith, but now we should correct this. Thank you for your help. Cheers!-- — Keithbob • Talk  • 00:24, 19 July 2011 (UTC)

Off Topic Info Removed
It is not appropriate to cite or discuss specifics from the author's books in his bio. These details belong in articles on the books themselves so I am pasting that text here. It is OK to mention the books he published and give a one sentence description of the book but any detailed analysis of the books is not proper for a biography which is about the events in the person's life.
 * Many of Deida’s earlier unpublished written works are privately distributed and based upon the integration of his many fields of study. Among Deida’s published works, the following themes are demonstrated, listed in approximate chronological order.

While developing a mathematics of cognitive distinction based on G. Spencer-Brown’s Laws of Form, Deida published several papers on a new system of formal representation of self-boundaries, space and time: “The Form of Duality: Objectification as Implicate Time (1985)”, “Some Fundamental Aspects of the Indicational Calculus and the Eigenbehavior of Extended Forms (1985)”, “The Indicational Calculus and Trialectics (1985)”, “An Approach to a Mathematics of Phenomena: Canonical Aspects of Reentrant Form Eigenbehavior in the Extended Calculus of Indications (1988)”, and “Multiplicity and Indeterminacy in the Dynamics of Formal Indicational Automata (1991).”

Throughout his academic involvement, Deida continued deepening and refining his various spiritual practices and teachings, and eventually decided to shift the focus of his writing to more popular cultural themes of self development and intimacy. In the mid-1990s, Deida began publishing non-academic books on spiritual practice, sociocultural evolution, and nondual sexuality.

His first two published books, Intimate Communion (1995) and It’s a Guy Thing (1997), were oriented to a general readership and introduced some of Deida’s key concepts such as his three-stage model of psycho-sexual development and an understanding of non-gender-based masculine and feminine identities in a Western cultural context. His three-stage model lays the foundation for a developmental understanding and application of how to move from “first-stage” sexually differentiated co-dependence and power struggles, to “second-stage” sexually neutralized co-independence and cooperation, culminating in “third-stage” realization of the nondual unity of consciousness and light, with its potentially sexualized expression in love.

The first stage is characterized by self-serving egotism and also by the traditional 1950’s gender roles of man as breadwinner and woman as stay-at-home mom. Stage two is the “fifty-fifty” level of empathy and balance we see in much of the postmodern West today, where equality and congeniality reign supreme between the genders and our main aspiration is really just to get along. Then there’s stage three, [Deida] says, where we finally break free of the more timid and passionless aspects of second-stage partnership and begin to reawaken the [non-gender-based] masculine devotion to mission or feminine desire for love that allegedly will bring back our vital core energy and lead to a renewed sense of purposeful being…. “There is the [feminine] energetic light aspect of existence, and the [masculine] consciousness aspect of existence, and they are not separate,” Deida says. “Light is the shine of consciousness. Consciousness is the cognizance of light or energy. It’s the knowing aspect of energy, and it’s impossible to separate them. They’re together, and that’s why sex feels so good, because sex is the recapitulation at the human level of consciousness and light in unity.”

In The Way of the Superior Man (1997, 2004), Deida summarizes his three-stage view of men’s socio-cultural evolution in colloquial language: “It is time to evolve beyond the (first-stage) macho jerk ideal, all spine and no heart. It is also time to evolve beyond the (second-stage) sensitive and caring wimp ideal, all heart and no spine. Heart and spine must be united in a single man, and then gone beyond in the fullest expression of love and consciousness possible, which requires a deep relaxation into the infinite openness of this present moment. And this takes a new kind of (third-stage) guts. This is the way of the superior man.”

In 2001 Deida compiled a series of personal essays into a controversial book called Waiting to Love: Rude Essays on Life After Spirituality (2001). This book, currently out of print, stretches the reader away from main-stream and new-age beliefs into a more non-dual approach to life, love, and third-stage intimacy. “Our life is an offering. Can you feel the urge to offer more? Unoffered love is our suffering. Our ungiven gifts clench as stress. Relaxing as now frees the gift our love wants to be. You and I are love’s means. This moment is our offering. We will die fully given, or we will die ungiven, still waiting. Now is our chance.” “If you are waiting for anything or anyone in order to feel more full, free, relaxed, happy, or loving, then you are wasting this moment of your life.”

Deida focuses on women’s third-stage practices involving whole-bodied exercises of compassion and devotion in Dear Lover (2002, 2005): “Whether you are angry or hurt—beneath and through all emotions—your love yearns. This indestructible love is the same love, or openness, that yearns at the heart of all beings. Even when you are tense or upset, you can practice surrendering your body and heart to be breathed open by this love that yearns in everybody’s heart.”

His book Finding God Through Sex (2002, 2005), has a Foreword by Ken Wilber and Deida is one of the, more than 100, founding members of Wilber’s Integral Institute Deida writes on non-sectarian practices for dissolving first-stage fear and second-stage self-boundaries while sustaining third-stage self-integrity-in-communion during sex: “The cultivation of utter freedom—which is to live as the flow of love—can be practiced during sex…. To practice love [during sex] is to be and express your deepest heart, whatever your religious persuasion or chosen spiritual method.”

Deida’s approach to spirituality, considered to be increasingly unorthodox, is perhaps most fully elaborated in Blue Truth (2002, 2005). Referring to Blue Truth, Lama Surya Das categorizes Deida’s emerging orientation as having “...no pigeonhole. He himself is carving out his own territory, like a pioneer, an explorer... [Deida] is in the dynamic living oral tradition of maverick spiritual teachers who, like free-jazz musicians, can riff directly on Reality, outside of established forms.”

Deida’s experimental exploration “outside of established forms” continues in his semi-autobiographical novel, Wild Nights: Conversations with Mykonos about Passionate Love, Extraordinary Sex, and How to Open to God (2005). This story recounts a pivotal period in Deida’s life with friends, sexual intimacy, and God awareness through his time with an unconventional spiritual teacher, Mykonos. This controversial novel was a primary source for a magazine article appearing in 2009, which criticized Deida’s philosophy and use of language by comparing his work to that of filmmaker Quentin Tarantino: “Like Tarantino, who raises pointless conversation to the level of poetry, [Deida] likes to have fun with his audience while always staying one step ahead of them….and Deida’s got the same basic postmodern formula that took Tarantino to Cannes—a posh kind of skepticism, and the incorrigible coolness of not giving a damn.”

One of the many significant expositions that Deida has brought voice to is the applied distinction between therapeutic modalities, yogic practices, and spiritual realization. In the video program Function, Flow & Glow (produced by the Integral Institute), Deida speaks to the confusion of the post-modern Western confluence of therapy, yoga and spiritual ideologies. He delineates the differences by giving clear description to each. “Therapy cures, heals dysfunction into function…it makes yourself better.” “Yoga increases your capacity to allow energy or light to flow through you.” “In spiritual practice, you realize you are the light regardless of your capacity to flow or your wounds. You are the glow of God.”

Deida presents his introductory program for sexual yoga in the book The Enlightened Sex Manual: Sexual Skills for the Superior Lover (2004) and in the audio program Enlightened Sex: Finding Freedom & Fullness Through Sexual Union. Although Deida does not refer to his work as a form of traditional “tantra,” he offers a collection of what some have called neotantra practices of love and expanded awareness in Instant Enlightenment (2007). “…Deida’s ultimate spiritual context for practicing ‘living as love’ in every moment [is] similar to that of classical tantra, the recognition that all manifest existence is essentially a nondual ‘play,’ a divine show of energies, polarities, and sensory objects that move through our day-to-day, moment-to-moment experience but in no way fundamentally define who we are. Instead, we’re defined by our own deep subjectivity, by the space in which all of our experience arises, by the posture of the witnessing consciousness that sees everything coming and going but remains free of and unmoved by any of it.” -- — Keithbob • Talk  • 21:57, 20 July 2011 (UTC)

Welcome other Editors
Let's work together to improve and develop the article while maintaining all of Wikipedia's encyclopedic standards. If you are new you may make well intended errors that I may need to undo until you learn the basic procedures and policies. I am happy to help you and steer you in the right direction for learning. We can also discuss things here as I am not the owner of this article and Wikipedia is a collaborative venture. Cheers! -- — Keithbob • Talk  • 22:50, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Thank you Keithbob for the warm reception and redirection to this page to discuss the article. Is it best to :find consensus here first before submitting changes to the article? I apologize if I jumped ahead on this one!
 * --Jcarey1 (talk) 23:04, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi Keithbob! I'd like to add two designations back to the first line in the article, stating that Deida is a teacher, researcher and author. I'm pulling together a list of his workshops which include private functions and at the University level. If I can show that Deida has been actively teaching around the world for some time (w/ appropriate links), then the designation teacher should be fine, correct? Also, I'm pulling together links to the publications/journals where Deida is mentioned for his research. Please see the 'Career' section of the article for an idea of what he worked on from '83-'89. With appropriate citations, the designation researcher should also be appropriate? Thank you! Jcarey1 (talk) 02:20, 22 July 2011 (UTC)

 * For now, since you are new, it may be good to discuss changes here first, but its not required. I don't have any problem adding teacher, workshop leader etc. but it has to be properly sourced and what you have described is not proper sourcing. What you have described is called on WP "Original Research". You can read the policy here WP:OR but I'll also explain briefly.  Original research is a conclusion that the editor makes based on various sources. ie since Deida has taught here, here and here, he must be a teacher.  On WP we don't draw our own conclusions.  So what we need is a reliable source (news article, book etc.) that says Deida is a seminar leader, teacher etc.  Does this make sense?  If you want to help improve the article what you should do is search the web for news and magazine articles that mention Deida and tell who he is and what he does, his bio.  Then we can summarize what those articles say and cite those articles.  That's how WP operates.  Keep in mind we need outside sources, not Deida writing about himself in one of his books or on his web site.  Self published sources have limited usage on WP. I hope this helps.-- — Keithbob •  Talk  • 16:20, 22 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Good quality sources for Deida can be found here.-- — Keithbob • Talk  • 21:14, 22 July 2011 (UTC)

Wikipedia Articles are Built on Reliable Sources
WP:BLP says "Editors must take particular care when adding information about living persons to any Wikipedia page. Such material requires a high degree of sensitivity, and must adhere strictly to ..... this policy, and to Wikipedia's three core content policies:
 * Neutral point of view see [WP:NPOV] "Editing from a neutral point of view (NPOV) means representing fairly, proportionately, and as far as possible without bias, all significant views that have been published by reliable sources".
 * Verifiability see WP:V "all quotations and any material challenged or likely to be challenged must be attributed to a reliable, published source using an inline citation."
 * No original research see WP:OR "Articles may not contain any new analysis or synthesis of published material that serves to advance a position not clearly advanced by the sources."-- — Keithbob • Talk  • 20:55, 22 July 2011 (UTC)

Perhaps the worst, most incomplete article i have seen on Wikipedia. In a nutshell, this man built a career selling the idea that men and women can have happy, loving, sexual relationships is the man acts like a caveman, and the woman demurs to him, makes herself available sexually at any time and make him think hes the man. Problem is. His only marriage spectacularly imploded and his wife left him. yes not a single mention of this? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:04, 29 December 2012 (UTC)

Long list of Unpublished Essays
I have asked for community input on the long list of un-sourced and un-published (therefore non-notable) writings of Deida. If you would like to participate in the discussion, please click here.-- — Keithbob • Talk  • 16:02, 23 July 2011 (UTC)
 * The section has been deleted.--Bbb23 (talk) 16:37, 23 July 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on David Deida. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110721195112/http://deida.info/about-david-deida-0 to http://www.deida.info/about-david-deida-0
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110824051926/http://www.enlightennext.org/magazine/j43/ to http://www.enlightennext.org/magazine/j43/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090227011923/http://bodhitree.com/lectures/Deida.html to http://www.bodhitree.com/lectures/Deida.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090703072040/http://www.deida.info/news/2007/07/31/interview-david-deida-vijay-rana-watkins-review-london to http://www.deida.info/news/2007/07/31/interview-david-deida-vijay-rana-watkins-review-london

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 16:05, 6 January 2018 (UTC)

"Career" section sounds very dubious
The article says "From 1976 to 1989, Deida engaged in research with the neuroscientist Francisco Varela and he conducted research with Varela at the Pasteur Institute and Ecole Polytechnique". If he was born in 1958, then he was at most 18 when he started his research. What is more, the order in which the section is written implies that he "was an instructor in Artificial Intelligence at California State University, San Jose and was elected as a Fellow of the Lexington Institute Boston" before the above. I find that a bit hard to believe - most universities don't emply children as "instructors" (whatever that exactly means). I find it even harder to believe in the absence of a source. Is there any reason at all to believe that this information is true? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:18, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

 * Having some spare time i searched for David Greenberg as a scholarly author in those years and from the USA.
 * I have found these two papers:
 * https://www.tandfonline.com/author/Greenberg%2C+David+R <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:34, 18 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Deida


text:
Particle physics

At present, we understand that there are two categories of fundamental particles: bosons and fermions.

Fermions
Fermions are things that we normally associate with matter. Examples of fermions are quarks, which combine to make up protons and neutrons, and electrons. There are other more exotic particles that are fermions.

Quarks
Quarks are the basis of most elements in the present world, at the present day there are 6 known (non-anti-) quarks, these are:
 * Up
 * Down
 * Charm
 * Strange
 * Top
 * Bottom

Each of these have their own respective anti-quark; this adds up to a total of 12 quarks. For completeness, the antiquarks are listed here:

 * Antiup
 * Antidown
 * Anticharm
 * Antistrange
 * Antitop
 * Antibottom

Leptons
Leptons do not experience the strong interaction of the nuclear force. The leptons form a family of elementary particles that are distinct from the other known family of fermions: the quarks. There are 6 different Leptons in total, consisting of:
 * Electron
 * Muon
 * Tau Lepton
 * Electron Neutrino
 * Muon neutrino
 * Tau neutrino

The leptons have Anti-Leptons just like that of the Quarks although their names are different, the Anti-Leptons consist of;
 * Positron
 * Muon (no change)
 * Tau Lepton (no change)
 * Electron antineutrino
 * Muon antineutrino
 * Tau antineutrino

Bosons
Bosons are particles that mediate forces, such as light and gravity. Light is mediated by photons and gravity by gravitons. All Bosons have an integer spin, unlike Fermions. The Higgs Boson is a theoretical particle that has yet to be discovered. Scientists hope the Higgs Boson explain why some particles are heavy and others, like the photon, are massless.

Hadrons
Hadrons are strongly interacting composite subatomic particles. They are classified into two separate classes, which are: Both of these consist of quarks.
 * Baryons
 * Mesons

Baryons
Baryons are strongly interacting Fermions, such as a Proton or a Neutron, both of which are made up 3 Quarks. Baryons have a baryon number of 1. The list of Baryons consist of:
 * Proton
 * Neutron
 * Delta
 * Lambda
 * Sigma
 * Xi
 * Omega

Mesons
Mesons are strongly interacting Bosons which consist of a quark and an antiquark. Mesons have baryon number 0. They are classified according to their quark content and their angular momenta.

Neutral mesons can spontaneously change their quark content in a process known as mixing. This process was first discovered in the neutral kaon system in 1964 and has since been observed in the neutral $$B$$ system, the $$B_s$$ system and the neutral $$D$$ system.

The ground state mesons are:

Mesons consisting of a quark and an antiquark of the same flavor do not have a unambiguous quark content. For example, the neutral pion is a superposition of flavor state $$u\bar{u}$$ and $$d\bar{d}$$. Other neutral states of this kind are shown below:

The top quark decays too rapidly to form bound mesonic states.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Particle physics


text:
angažirati

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to engage get involved, take an active part
 * 2)  to sign on, hire
 * 3) commit, involve
 * 4)  plead for

title: angažirati


text:
Introduction to Philosophy/What is Philosophy?

"Philosophy" is a word with numerous vastly differing definitions, ranging broadly and not always compatible with each other. Today, it is perhaps most often thought of as meaning an individual's set of guiding principles, mostly moral, that he refers to in planning out and living his life. However, philosophy as an intellectual or academic pursuit has little do with this, meaning rather something along the lines of: "The directed search for knowledge and systems of knowledge that explain topical phenomena such as the nature of existence, the causes of existence, the nature and causes of an individual, the nature and causes of knowledge itself, and a million other things."

What these million other things are constitutes the essence, or feel, of philosophy as a subject, and of what differentiates it from other kinds of directed research such as physics, biology, or even music -- all of which were at one point considered aspects of philosophy itself. As you read on, you'll develop a sense of these questions as they've evolved in the Western canon, and of how philosophy fits in with the entirety of human intellectual pursuits.

Western philosophy as we know it today is generally considered to have originated in Ancient Greece, from the people's cosmogonical or "world-creation" myths. Thales of Miletus brought back kernels of knowledge from Ancient Egypt, which over time the Greeks developed into the earliest philosophy that remains recognizably such today. It is not surprising, then, that the term "philosophy" finds its roots in the Greek language. "Philo-" stems from the Greek word philein, meaning 'to love', and "-sophy" comes from the Greek word sophia, or wisdom. Philosophy, then, can be thought of as "the love of wisdom".

Consequently, philosophers concern themselves with exploring some of the biggest questions that face humankind: What exists? What is real? What is the nature of the universe? Does God exist? Do humans have souls? What is knowledge? What is truth? How should individuals govern themselves? What is the nature of consciousness? Like many other fields of inquiry, philosophical questions spring from a certain kind of curiosity about life and reality. Much of philosophy confronts very abstract ideas and thus, unlike in other academic disciplines such as the sciences, philosophers cannot always rely on gathering empirical data through experimentation. Of course, there are numerous other techniques available to the philosopher, including formal logic, thought experiments, rational dissertation, colloquy, phenomenological analysis, and more.

[The pursuit of philosophical wisdom can be understood as a quest for two different kinds of wisdom. Aristotle characterized these as theoretical wisdom and practical wisdom. The first sort seeks understanding primarily for its own sake, whereas the latter is concerned with understanding in order to do. The distinction is not unlike those in other fields. The physicist attempts to understand matter and motion simply for the sake of extending the limits human knowledge, but the engineer attempts to understand matter and motion in order to make something useful. The philosopher who attempts to understand the metaphysical nature of the universe is concerned with a more theoretical area of philosophical inquiry, while his or her colleague who tries to understand the proper way for businesses to behave ethically, is pursuing a much more practical subject matter. Philosophy that concerns itself with these sorts of practical questions is usually called "Applied Philosophy".]

Philosophy is perhaps unique in its lack of limitation regarding subject matter. Almost every conceivable idea has been or will be tackled by philosophy, and among those that aren't, most are areas of philosophy that matured sufficiently to break off from the discipline proper and form a new field of study: physics was once called "natural philosophy." In addition, philosophers typically ask questions that touch on almost every other field of academic inquiry. In fact, one major role of philosophy is to provide the underpinning for just about every other field of study, everything from the rules governing research in that field to its relationship to the other fields of human endeavor. As a result, most universities offer courses in the "philosophy of" other academic disciplines, of interest to both philosophers and students of the respective field. Despite these far-ranging interests, there are some unifying features of philosophical inquiry...


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Seven Inches of Satanic Panic

Seven Inches of Satanic Panic is the third EP by the Swedish rock band Ghost. First released digitally on 13 September 2019 by Loma Vista Recordings, it features the songs "Kiss the Go-Goat" and "Mary on a Cross", written by vocalist Tobias Forge along with songwriters Salem al Fakir and Vincent Pontare. It was later released on 7" vinyl. Seven Inches of Satanic Panic has been described as a two-track EP and as a single.

In 2022, "Mary on a Cross" charted in the top 40 of thirteen European countries after trending on TikTok. The song was also certified Gold in Australia, Canada, France, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, and Platinum in Poland and the United States.

Background and themes
According to Ghost's fictional backstory, Seven Inches of Satanic Panic contains two songs that were written and recorded by an early incarnation of the band in 1969, when Papa Emeritus Nihil was the vocalist. The 7" vinyl release claims to be remastered versions of songs recorded in 1969 at Thorn Industrial Audio Recording Studios, Hollywood.

According to Kelsey Chapstick of Revolver, "Kiss the Go-Goat" explores the favorite theme of Tobias Forge, leader of Ghost and the musician behind their Papa Emeritus character; "Lucifer, and the joy of giving yourself over to him."

Paul Travers of Metal Hammer described the ambiguous lyrics of "Mary on a Cross" as a "provocative mash-up of Biblical and sexual imagery." Forge has been hesitant to explain the meaning behind the song, but admits there are multiple layers to the lyrics; "The chorus is written very tongue in cheek of course. 'Go down' doesn't necessarily mean as in a 69 sense of the word... it can also mean go down as in go down in history, your own ascent. Mary doesn't necessarily mean Mary, mother of Jesus. It might mean Mary Magdalene, the proclaimed whore who might have been the wife of Jesus – just as a symbol for someone who came off as one thing but actually had other intentions and did something else. Someone who's miscredited." He went on to state that the song was "more about friendship and how, together with someone else, you might have been something at one point and then you ended up just not being like that."

Release
On 12 September 2019, Ghost released a music video for "Kiss the Go-Goat", which depicts Papa Nihil performing as frontman of the band at the Whisky a Go Go in West Hollywood, California, in 1969. The following day, on 13 September 2019, Seven Inches of Satanic Panic was released on music streaming services through Loma Vista Recordings. It was released on 7" vinyl, with "Kiss the Go-Goat" as the A-side and "Mary on a Cross" as the B-side, on 27 September 2019. Seven Inches of Satanic Panic has been described as a two-track EP and as a single. The vinyl release peaked at number 2 on the UK Vinyl Singles Chart, whilst "Kiss the Go-Goat" reached number 4 on the Kerrang! Rock Chart.

In July and August 2022, "Mary on a Cross" went viral on TikTok. In response, Ghost released a "Slowed + Reverb" version of the song digitally on 26 August. The original recording then became the band's first to chart on the Billboard Hot 100 when it reached number 90 in September. An official "lyric video" for the song was released on 14 December. Similar to the video for "Kiss the Go-Goat", it features grainy, Super 8-like footage that is purported to be of Ghost performing in Los Angeles on 13 September 1969.

Track listing
All writing credited to Papa Emeritus Nihil and A Group of Nameless Ghouls.

Personnel
Ghost
 * Papa Emeritus Nihil
 * A Group of Nameless Ghouls

title: Seven Inches of Satanic Panic


text:
Portal talk:Particle physics

Question
- Sorry, I'm new to this, but is the photo up there really appropriate? I'd fix it myself (in true wiki-spirit), but I came here actually looking for some help with a physics problem from my homework on electron drift speed and found Tux? or a Penguin at any rate.
 * It sounds like you might be the Wikiversity editor who knows the most about particle physics. If you can suggest a better image, go for it. --JWSchmidt 21:41, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

Mathematical grounding
Might I raise the point of a student's schooling in mathematics? One thing I have noticed as a student is that there tends to be a split in approaches with regards to teaching physical theory - one assumes a prior knowledge of groups, sets, topology and so on. In my experience most texts on mathematical physics are written in this way. The other way - the way my university teaches - works everything out from first principles from a largely ad-hoc, algebraic perspective. This is just as well, because British students are no longer taught any of the aforementioned mathematical topics - the upshot of which is that many American textbooks and indeed many pages on wikipedia are incomprehensible. Worth bearing in mind. Sojourner001 19:53, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Heeeeeeeeeeeere goes nothing!
Well I added a ton of red links. Is this the "proper" way to do it? Or should "introductory physics" have a sub-page for its lessons? I really don't know what's right. I just threw it out there so we can start working on it. I'm picturing introductory physics to be an algebra-based introduction to more advanced physics, much like a high-school physics course in the USA. We can also integrate (pun, ha ha) calc-based physics into this, or maybe do a seperate course like "calculus-based physics." --The Winged Self 03:55, 21 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Might as well - at least now there's a structure. What I'd suggest is bullet-pointing the salient facts about each topic in its talk page before writing a big long spiel - that way we can ensure everything is there, correct and in a logical order, to save the possibility of wasting time on a class script that's inaccurate or confusing. Physics can of course be condensed down into little more than equations for those of us who understand it, but presenting facts and presenting a means of learning and understanding those facts are very different things.Sojourner001 10:24, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

School:Physics
There is now School:Physics. Originally suggested at Wikibooks was School of Physics and Astronomy, but we already have School:Astronomy. Please coordinate with Portal:Physics and Astronomy. The page Topic:Physics should be renamed/moved to a department of the School of Physics such as Topic:Particle physics. --JWSchmidt 04:00, 26 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I changed the page to a more specific topic as part of the School of Physics. --JWSchmidt 02:26, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

buggy page moved
/Hello/ --Remi 01:23, 27 November 2007 (UTC)

Reflection
Hello guys, I want to share this message with you: We should understand that life connect with the smaller parts of space because when we see, we can see infinite smaller points that form our vision and our consciousness, both properties of life in almost every living being. And every part of the space have an absolute union with each other, so only can be moved by life, so every particle is a god particle! --Javier José Moreno Tovar18 (discuss • contribs) 14:08, 8 June 2016 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Particle physics


text:
Talk:Beneficence (rapper)

Contested deletion
This article should not be speedily deleted for lack of asserted importance because... the hip-hop artist Beneficence had a few very good albums out. He is an respected underground artist who worked with such famous producers like Diamond D. http://www.discogs.com/artist/Beneficence — Preceding unsigned comment added by Goldennineties (talk • contribs) 11:18, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Requested move 11 September 2018

The result of the move request was: moved to '(rapper)' and this isn't AfD. (non-admin closure) —innotata 02:02, 21 September 2018 (UTC)

Beneficence (hip hop artist) → Beneficence (emcee) – Searching for "beneficence emcee" brings up sources such as, making emcee the ideal disambiguation term as they refer to the subject as that. Otherwise, it should be moved to Beneficence (rapper) or Beneficence (musician) for consistency with similar articles (rapper because sources acknowledge him as a rapper, or musician because it seems he also produces.) The editor  whose username is Z0  05:52, 11 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Delete per WP:BLP non notable, no independent sources, no date of birth. Wouldn't survive AfD even if not BLP. In ictu oculi (talk) 10:06, 11 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Move. Also see   Dreamy Jazz 🎷 talk to me | my contributions 10:53, 11 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Move to Beneficence (rapper). While some sources do indeed refer to him as an emcee, he's seems to be most notable for being a rapper, and referred to accordingly. --В²C ☎ 00:58, 21 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Beneficence (rapper)


text:
Spanish/Web Resources

Leer en línea (read online)
Todos los enlaces llevan a páginas en español (all links go to Spanish language pages).
 * VeinteMundos Spanish E-Magazine (free online resource with vocab and podcasts)
 * TeleSurTV (South America's own CNN)
 * Yahoo
 * CNN
 * BBC Mundo BBC World
 * Lista de periódicos (list of newspapers)
 * Informacion sobre la salud Health information
 * La Biblia the Bible
 * Wikipedia

Estudiar el español (to study Spanish)

 * http://www.learning-spanish-online.org (Large collection of free learning Spanish resources)
 * http://www.lingolex.com/spanish.htm (Large collection of free learning Spanish resources)
 * http://www.learnspanishinspainwith.us (Learn Spanish in Spain)
 * http://www.wiracochaschool.org (Immersion Spanish courses)
 * http://www.spanishpod101.com (Podcasts for learning Spanish)
 * http://www.wiracochaschool.org (Learn spanish in Peru)
 * http://www.onlinespanishhelp.com
 * http://www.patagoniaschool.com (Spanish Courses in Argentina -Patagonia)
 * http://www.executivespanishimmersion.com/ (Spanish Immersion Programs)
 * http://www.rocketspanish.com/ (Learn Spanish)
 * http://www.english-spanish-translator.org (Spanish Language Community)
 * http://www.spanish-translator-services.com/ (Free Spanish Translator Resources)
 * http://www.jetpunk.com/tags/spanish-language-vocabulary.php (Spanish Vocabulary Quizzes)
 * http://www.elcastellano.org/
 * http://study-spanish.net/
 * http://spanish.about.com/
 * http://www.spanicity.com (grammar and audio lessons)
 * http://spanish.allinfo-about.com/
 * http://www.spanishstudyholidays.com/
 * http://www.ielanguages.com/spanish.html
 * http://www.rae.es/ (Spanish Royal Academy of Language, see http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Academia_Espa%F1ola .)
 * http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/spanish/
 * http://www.indiana.edu/~call/reglas.html (focusses on Spanish grammar)
 * http://www.notesfromspain.com/ (podcasts of everyday Spanish)
 * http://www.supremespanish.com/ (Conversational Spanish)
 * http://www.spanishlanguageimmersion.net/
 * http://www.perulanguage.com/
 * http://www.spanish-schools.com.ar/ (Learn Spanish)
 * http://www.spanishconversationclub.com/ (learn Spanish for free)
 * http://www.thespanishforum.co.uk/ (Spanish language forum)
 * http://www.gooverseas.com/study-abroad/peru (reviews of study abroad programs in Peru)

Software (software)
www.spanishconversationclub.com (Spansih as foreign language conversation club in London)
 * (links to sites where you can download software for learning Spanish)
 * Spanish Éxito The most effective Spanish learning program available.
 * Pythoñol Pythonol, an opensource Spanish learning program. Note: For Linux users
 * WordsGalore 9,100 Spanish and English Words. Flash cards. Make your own MP3s. Windows only.
 * Learn Spanish Quickly - Android app to learn Spanish

Diccionarios (dictionaries)

 * http://www.diccionarios.com/
 * http://www.spanish-translator-services.com/
 * http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dict_en_es/
 * http://www.spanishdict.com/
 * http://dictionary.reference.com/
 * http://www.wordreference.com
 * http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Main_Page
 * http://www.wordmagicsoft.com/dictionary/tools/index.php

Misceláneo (miscellaneous)

 * http://www.lenguaje.com/cgi-bin/motnumeng.exe (change numbers into letters)
 * http://www.english-spanish-translations.com (Spanish Resources in English)
 * Medicine Spanish.

title: Spanish/Web Resources


text:
Phillips's small-eared shrew

Phillips' small-eared shrew or Phillips' short-eared shrew (Cryptotis phillipsii) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae found in Mexico.

title: Phillips's small-eared shrew


text:
Category:Discoveries by James Craig Watson

This is a category for astronomical objects discovered by astronomer James Watson.

See parent category for proper sortkey usage instructions.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Federer–Roddick rivalry (2nd nomination)

The result was keep. Nomination withdrawn. (non-admin closure) KnightMove (talk) 18:50, 24 September 2017 (UTC)

Federer–Roddick rivalry
AfDs for this article:
 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Way too one-sided to ever be a notable "rivalry". It has therefore been deleted in 2010, see first discussion at Articles for deletion/Federer–Roddick rivalry and the talk page. The page has been recreated in 2012 without any increased notability - unless you count as such that Roddick won one more game to bring the total score to a glorious 3:21, and then retired. It's a pity for the properly prepared text and the load of work invested, but not notable remains not notable. KnightMove (talk) 10:35, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Sportspeople-related deletion discussions. ʍaɦʋɛօtʍ (talk) 22:31, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Sports-related deletion discussions. ʍaɦʋɛօtʍ (talk) 22:31, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Keep - I'd keep this one. Not because it was a true rivalry (Federer pretty much pwned Roddick), but because it was perceived as such by so many sources. You couldn't flip on a sports channel for several years in the 2000s without a commercial on the rivalry, a sports anchor talking about the rivalry, or the two of them talking about the rivalry. It was everywhere. Because of the sources, and because it's been here for 5 years, it should probably stay. Fyunck(click) (talk) 21:00, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Fyunck(click): So, where are those sources? Did anything of this survive in a quotable form? The article lists only three references, covering only two individual matches between the two. --KnightMove (talk) 12:54, 22 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I didn't create the article, so it absolutely needs much better sourcing. That doesn't mean we get rid of it. Fyunck(click) (talk) 18:06, 22 September 2017 (UTC)
 * You could add these 4 if you'd like: [ABC News, New Haven Register, World Tennis magazine, Times of India. The thing is, during their heyday, someone would have created this article and there would have been no question it would have stayed since the press glorified it beyond it's actual merits. Using hindsight, it might have been a mental and endorsement rivalry, but the results not so much. While it was blown out of proportion at the time, it's not wikipedia's place to pass judgement on what happened in the past... we only report it. [[User:Fyunck(click)|Fyunck(click)]] (talk) 18:32, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Keep I do think this rivalry gained a lot of coverage, even if it was one-sided. I think what Fyunck(click) found goes a long way to showing GNG is met.  For those criticizing the one-sided nature of the actual rivalry, its about the coverage and not the competitiveness/balance.  Navy–Notre Dame football rivalry is very one-sided, yet clearly it's notable.  Connecticut–Notre Dame women's basketball rivalry is not only one-sided, but most of Notre Dame's success came in a brief period of time, yet this is a premier woman's basketball rivalry and has a good amount of coverage.  Note that my point is not WP:WAX, but to show that notability is distinct from competitiveness.  For the point about there being a previous article that was deleted, it garnered two "votes" (three counting the nom).  Not exactly a vast consensus.  Besides, the issue then seems to have been not any sources about the rivalry itself.  With what Fyunck found, I think the previous discussion is now moot and we are looking anew.  In other words, what changed between 2010 and now is someone bothered to look for and find references that was not found before.  So I say keep. RonSigPi (talk) 20:21, 22 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Ok, I'm convinced and withdraw the nomination. Thanks to Fyunck(click) and RonSigPi.


text:
/

 * See also: / / for the use of / to enclose other characters.
 * See also: \.

Etymology
The various uses of the present symbol derive from several sources. The medieval virgule (🇨🇬) was an oblique or vertical line that served as a comma, period, and caesura mark and is still used in literary contexts for the slash marking line breaks. (This mark separately developed as the comma ⟨,⟩ and caesura mark ⟨‖⟩ and some senses of the vertical bar ⟨⟩.) The shilling mark (🇨🇬) was variously written s. or as the long s ſ. This eventually developed into a single unpunctuated slash; its use to separate shillings from pence was sometimes generalized to any currency division. Most mathematical senses derived from the earlier horizontal fraction bar (as in 1 2 , usually attributed to Arabic mathematician ), rewritten with a slash by the 18th century to permit fractions to be written on a single line. As a separator and conjunction, it represents an oblique form of the dash ⟨–⟩ or hyphen ⟨-⟩. Its use to mark supposed actions derives from command formatting in online chat forums, while its use to comment on preceding text derives from its use in some programming languages to form closing tags. Its present British name derives from its use in telegraphy; its present American name  gained wide currency from its use in computing.

Punctuation mark

 * : per.
 * 1)  A medieval and early modern form of the comma ⟨,⟩.
 * 2)  A medieval form of the period ⟨⟩.
 * 3) See / / for uses of the / to enclose other characters, as in.
 * : per.
 * 1)  A medieval and early modern form of the comma ⟨,⟩.
 * 2)  A medieval form of the period ⟨⟩.
 * 3) See / / for uses of the / to enclose other characters, as in.
 * : per.
 * 1)  A medieval and early modern form of the comma ⟨,⟩.
 * 2)  A medieval form of the period ⟨⟩.
 * 3) See / / for uses of the / to enclose other characters, as in.
 * : per.
 * 1)  A medieval and early modern form of the comma ⟨,⟩.
 * 2)  A medieval form of the period ⟨⟩.
 * 3) See / / for uses of the / to enclose other characters, as in.
 * : per.
 * 1)  A medieval and early modern form of the comma ⟨,⟩.
 * 2)  A medieval form of the period ⟨⟩.
 * 3) See / / for uses of the / to enclose other characters, as in.
 * : per.
 * 1)  A medieval and early modern form of the comma ⟨,⟩.
 * 2)  A medieval form of the period ⟨⟩.
 * 3) See / / for uses of the / to enclose other characters, as in.
 * : per.
 * 1)  A medieval and early modern form of the comma ⟨,⟩.
 * 2)  A medieval form of the period ⟨⟩.
 * 3) See / / for uses of the / to enclose other characters, as in.
 * : per.
 * 1)  A medieval and early modern form of the comma ⟨,⟩.
 * 2)  A medieval form of the period ⟨⟩.
 * 3) See / / for uses of the / to enclose other characters, as in.
 * : per.
 * 1)  A medieval and early modern form of the comma ⟨,⟩.
 * 2)  A medieval form of the period ⟨⟩.
 * 3) See / / for uses of the / to enclose other characters, as in.
 * 1)  A medieval and early modern form of the comma ⟨,⟩.
 * 2)  A medieval form of the period ⟨⟩.
 * 3) See / / for uses of the / to enclose other characters, as in.
 * 1)  A medieval and early modern form of the comma ⟨,⟩.
 * 2)  A medieval form of the period ⟨⟩.
 * 3) See / / for uses of the / to enclose other characters, as in.
 * 1)  A medieval form of the period ⟨⟩.
 * 2) See / / for uses of the / to enclose other characters, as in.

Usage notes

 * The mark was originally known as the or  in its medieval use as a form of period or comma. It is now defined by Unicode and ISO as the, a late-19th-century British term for the shilling mark. (Some typographers mistaken label this mark as the  and distinguish the  as the fraction slash ⟨⁄⟩, but neither historical nor present official use supports such a distinction.) The mark is now generally known by the American term  or , although still frequently known as a  in British English. For translations and less common English names, see.
 * In most uses such as to indicate date separations and line breaks, the mark is not mentioned when the text is read aloud. In some cases, it is replaced by a term, such as “even” for currency or “out of” for totals.

Derived terms

 * used to mark broad phonemic transcriptions
 * used to italicize text in the absence of italic formatting

Conjunction

 * 1)  inclusive or
 * He's an actor / model.
 * 1)  exclusive or
 * I think she / he writes very well.

Symbol

 * 1)  A single-line division sign, used with full-size numerals. See also.
 * 2)  A single-line fraction divider, used with full-size numerals. See also.
 * 3)  The currency sign for British, Irish, Kenyan, etc. shillings.
 * 4)  typographic substitute for the dental click ⟨ǀ⟩.

Synonyms

 * , horizontal fraction bar
 * , horizontal fraction bar

English

 * 1)  The sound sequence /rd/, /rt/, or /rk/ (whether spelled ⟨rk⟩ or ⟨rc⟩).
 * 2)  The suffix or sequence.


text:
John A. Rockwell

John Arnold Rockwell (August 27, 1803 in Norwich, Connecticut – February 10, 1861 in Washington, D.C.) was a U.S. Representative from Connecticut.

Rockwell attended the common schools. He was graduated from Yale College in 1822, studied law, and was admitted to the bar and practiced in Norwich. Rockwell served as member of the State senate in 1839. He served as judge of the county court.

He was elected as a Whig to the Twenty-ninth Congress defeating Rep. George S. Catlin and Thirtieth Congress defeating Lieutenant Governor Noyes Billings serving (March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1849). He served as chairman of the Committee on Claims (Thirtieth Congress), but was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1849 to the Thirty-first Congress, losing to Chauncey F. Cleveland. He engaged in the practice of law before the court of claims of the United States at Washington, D.C., and joined in the call for the Constitutional Union Party Convention in May 1860 where he was a delegate for Connecticut and appointed to the National Committee. He was interred in Yantic Cemetery, Norwich, Connecticut.

title: John A. Rockwell


text:
2019 in brachiopod paleontology

Research

 * A study aiming to reconstruct the life cycle of the Early Cambrian brachiopods is published by Madison & Kuzmina (2019).
 * A study on the anatomy of plectambonitoid specimens from the Middle Ordovician of Russia, and on its implications for the knowledge of life cycles of these brachiopods, is published online by Madison & Kuzmina (2019).
 * A study on the petrographic and geochemical preservation of Ordovician dalmanelloid shells from the Lexington Formation of Kentucky, Sheguindah Shale of Ontario and the Stony Mountain Formation of Manitoba, aiming to test the hypothesis of paleo-latitudinal zonation of the shelly benthos, is published by Azmy & Jin (2019).
 * A study on the phylogenetic relationships among strophomenoid brachiopods and on the biogeographical changes in the strophomenoids through time (focusing on the impact of the Late Ordovician mass extinction on the evolutionary history of strophomenoids) is published by Congreve, Krug & Patzkowsky (2019).
 * A study on the internal structure of the shell of Semiplanella carinthica is published by Pakhnevich (2019), who names a new tribe Semiplanellini in the subfamily Gigantoproductinae.
 * A study on the diet of species of Gigantoproductus from the Viséan of Derbyshire (United Kingdom), and on its implications for the knowledge of mechanisms that enabled those brachiopod species to reach large sizes, is published by Angiolini et al. (2019).
 * A study on the relative importance of brachiopods and bivalves in the fossil assemblages from the Carboniferous Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation of Kentucky is published by Hsieh, Bush & Bennington (2019).
 * Description of a specimen of a Permian brachiopod species Spiriferella protodraschei bearing ventrally directed spiralia (lophophore‐supporting, coiled internal structures), and a study on the morphology of these structures and their implications for the knowledge of the feeding system of this brachiopod, is published by Lee et al. (2019).
 * A study on the evolution of the body size of brachiopods from the Late Permian to the Middle Triassic, as indicated by brachiopod specimens from South China, is published by Chen et al. (2019).
 * A study on the biogeography of Pliensbachian brachiopods in western Tethys Ocean is published online by Vörös & Escarguel (2019).
 * A study on changes in the body size of benthic marine brachiopods and bivalves from the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal) before the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event is published by Piazza et al. (2019).
 * A study on the impact of the early Toarcian extinction event on fossil brachiopods and bivalves known from the Iberian Range (Spain) is published by Danise et al. (2019).

title: 2019 in brachiopod paleontology


text:
Indooroopilly (disambiguation)

Indooroopilly may refer to:
 * Indooroopilly, Queensland, a suburb of Brisbane, Australia
 * Indooroopilly bus station
 * Indooroopilly Division, a former local government area
 * Indooroopilly Island Conservation Park
 * Indooroopilly Railway Bridge
 * Indooroopilly railway station
 * Indooroopilly Reach, a reach of the Brisbane River
 * Indooroopilly Shopping Centre (formerly Westfield Indooroopilly aka Indooroopilly Shoppingtown)
 * Indooroopilly State High School
 * Electoral district of Indooroopilly, an electoral district of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
 * Shire of Indooroopilly, a former local government area

title: Indooroopilly (disambiguation)


text:
Croatan High School

Croatan High School is a public secondary school in Newport, North Carolina. The high school is part of the Carteret County Public Schools system. It serves the westernmost third of Carteret County, including the towns of Peletier, Cape Carteret, Cedar Point and western half of the island of Bogue Banks, which includes the town of Emerald Isle.

Awards and recognition
In 2009 and 2010, U.S. News & World Report ranked Croatan among the top high schools in the United States, awarding the school silver medals. Croatan High School's class of 2010 marked combined SAT scores (based on math and critical reading) of 1076, up from 1064 the previous year, this was 59 points higher than the national average.

Athletics
All athletic teams compete in the 3A division level. Croatan holds several state titles including men's soccer, wrestling, women's golf, men's indoor track, and women’s lacrosse.
 * Football
 * Men's and Women's Soccer
 * Men's and Women's Golf
 * Men's and Women's Basketball
 * Men's and Women's Swim
 * Men's and Women's Lacrosse
 * Wrestling
 * Cheerleading
 * Track and Field
 * Cross Country

title: Croatan High School


text:
Talk:David Finkelstein

I would love to find a public domain photo for this page. Any suggestions as to where we could find one? Juliecmi (talk) 17:44, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Finkelstein


text:
User:Bigdelboy/sandbox/tp-01/doc

tp-01 is a template identifying pages that are not appropriate for the WikiPedia Encyclopedia but that where content has identified as being useful in a sister project such as WikiBooks. The page is being retained for a short time to enable it to be transwikified and published in the sister project.

Usage

Notes:
 * The date parameter consists of the full English name of the current month (with initial capital and rest lowercase), a space, and the year. For example, "January 2013" but not "jan13" or "January 23, 2013". Deviation from this rule will place the article in Category:Articles with invalid date parameter in template.
 * To automatically add the current date, you can use template substitution:.

 * The xfd parameter is a link to discussion where the deletion discussion took place. This parameter should be omitted if not known.
 * The discussion parameter is a link to page on Wikipedia where editors can collaberate. The discussion should focus on how the page or pages can be published on the sister project.
 * The book parameter is a link to a wikibook where the page should be published if WikiBook is the associated project. It should not contain a b: prefix.

title: User:Bigdelboy/sandbox/tp-01/doc


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mahmud Sulaiman

The result was keep.  Sandstein  06:28, 28 September 2019 (UTC)

Mahmud Sulaiman

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Malaysian officer of doubtful notability, sourced to a single book. Mccapra (talk) 21:08, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Military-related deletion discussions. Mccapra (talk) 21:08, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Malaysia-related deletion discussions. Mccapra (talk) 21:08, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

 * We usually keep articles about verified general officers per WP:SOLDIER. Is there any reason why a Malaysian major-general should be treated differently from an American or British one? Phil Bridger (talk) 09:01, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Well it’s not clear to me that the rank of Major General gives an automatic pass on notability. Is that the case? It’s also not clear to me from the article whether his role was local or national. He ‘has been credited’ with success but was not promoted, according to our single source. So as I said, notability seems doubtful to me. If the consensus is that being a Major General automatically demonstrates notability that’s fine, but otherwise I’m not convinced notability is clear. Thanks Mccapra (talk) 10:04, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep. All general officers are considered notable per WP:SOLDIER #2. -- Necrothesp (talk) 10:17, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep per WP:SOLDIER #2.4meter4 (talk) 01:11, 28 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep meets WP:SOLDIER #2.Pharaoh of the Wizards (talk) 01:45, 28 September 2019 (UTC)


text:
coaie

Noun

 * 1)  ; testicles
 * 2)  dude, man, bro term of endearment between male friends
 * 3)  balls, chutzpah
 * 1)  balls, chutzpah
 * 1)  balls, chutzpah
 * 1)  balls, chutzpah

title: coaie


text:
GCSE Science/Electrical Power

GCSE Science/Electricity

The reason electricity has become so popular over the last 100 years or so is because it is a very good way of moving energy from one place to another. When you buy a light bulb is usually rated in watts. The watt is a unit of power. In this unit you are going to lean some equations rating current voltage, energy and power and apply the equations.

Definition of power
Power is defined as the rate of energy flow. Its unit is the watt — one watt is one joule per second.

In electrical circuits the power can be found by multiplying the current and voltage together. One way of remembering this is to use an equation triangle like the one below. Memorize the positions of the symbols. P is power, V is voltage and I is current. If you want to know the power, cover its symbol up and what you have left is I×V, or current times voltage. Want to know the voltage? Cover it up and what you have left is P÷I, or power divided by current.

Where does the equation P equals VI come from?
From the definition above power is energy E per unit time t. ( how many joules per second)
 * P = E/t

So where does P = IV come from?

To find out we look at what I and V are defined as. I is electrical current. It is the amount of charge Q flowing past any point every sec. The voltage also determines the current, so the power is directly proportional to the voltage and the current. We know that from the definition of the volt, if 1 amp flows for 1 second, with a 1 volt potential difference, 1 joule of energy is used up per second, and therefore the power is 1 Watt.

Examples
Michael plugs a 100 W light bulb into the mains, what is the resistance of the bulb? To find the resistance we need to know the current, to find the current we use the equation for power.Covering up the I in the triangle gives:

 * I = P/V = (100 W)/(230 V)
 * = 0.435 A

Now we can use this in the equation for resistance.

 * R = V/I
 * = (230 V)/(0.435 A)
 * = 529 Ω

How much charge flows through this bulb in 15 seconds?

We use the definition of current, to work this out.

I = C/t

So C =It = (0.435 A)(15 s)  = 6.53 coulombs (C)

How much electrical energy is converted into heat and light energy in 15 s?

For this we use the equation for power in its energy per second form.

P = E/t

So E = Pt = (100 W)(15 s) = 1500 joules (J)

Q1) Put Ohm's law into a triangle like the one above.

Q2) If a current of 3 A flows through a 12 V heater, how much energy will it transfer in half an hour? How much charge will have flowed through the heater in the same time?

Q3) In the USA mains voltage is only 120 V. If a 60 W light bulb is connected to the mains in the USA, what current flows through it ?

Q4)What current would flow through the same bulb if plugged into the mains in the UK (230 V) and what would be the power?

Before we go on to looking at power transmission in the power lines of the national grid, we need to look at how energy is generated. We'll come back to this topic later on, after we look at the next module, which is on the magnetic effects of current.

Summary
 * Power is the rate of flow of energy. Power = energy/time
 * The unit of power is the watt, where 1 watt is 1 joule per second
 * Electrical power can be found by multiplying current and voltage. (P = IV)

Answers |<>

title: GCSE Science/Electrical Power


text:
Lee Tzsche

Lee Sang-eun (born March 12, 1970), also known by the stage name Lee Tzsche, is a South Korean singer-songwriter. She debuted in 1988 and released 15 full-length albums. She won the Rookie Artist Award at the 1988 Golden Disc Awards and Female Musician of the Year at the 2004 and 2006 Korean Music Awards.

Biography
She debuted at the MBC Riverside Music Festival in 1988, singing another composer's song. At the time, she maintained a unisex look and she became popular, but she grew disenchanted with the entertainment business and, taking a sabbatical, went to Japan and the US to study art.

Her second career as a musician began with 'Slow day' (1991), a short but impressive album with adolescent girl's feel to it. 'Begin' (1992) was a transitional album - it had an R&B or house sound with the producer Kim Hong-soon, but few fans appreciated the change.

The 5th and self-titled album 'Lee Sang-eun' (1993) showed more musical maturity. Soon she went to Japan and worked with Japanese musicians, most notably Takeda Hajimu (竹田元). Her 6th album 'GongMuDoHaGa(公無渡河歌)' (1995) has been called 'an introspective reflection.' It has been suggested that she did 'far better' in Japan than her native country, and she received wide name recognition and was regarded as an artist rather than a pop idol. The rich and overlapped sound production showed her ambition as a music director. She returned to simple sounds in the 7th album 'OiRobGo UtGin GaGe' (1997). With her back-band, the Penguins (with Takeda Hajimu) she became a troubadour with a serene mood.

From the 8th and self-titled 'Lee Tszche' (1997), she released albums aimed at the worldwide market with Toshiba EMI. She recorded in America with American session musicians. Half of the tracks were English versions of her older songs, and the other half were new tracks in English. It led to a second English album 'Asian Prescription' (1999). In 2001 she featured on a song on CB Mass's album Massmatics, titled 흔적.

Studio albums

 * (1989) Happy Birthday
 * (1989) I'll Love (사랑할거야)
 * (1991) Slow Days (더딘하루)
 * (1992) Begin
 * (1993) Lee Sang-eun
 * (1995) Gongmudohaga (공무도하가)
 * (1997) Lonely Funny Store (외롭고 웃긴 가게)
 * (1998) Lee-Tzsche
 * (1999) Asian Prescription
 * (2001) Endless Lay
 * (2003) Mysterium (신비체험)
 * (2005) Romantopia
 * (2007) The Third Place
 * (2010) We Are Made of Stardust
 * (2014) LuLu
 * (2019) fLoW

Source:

title: Lee Tzsche


text:
Talk:Double Doink

Image
Yo, can we find an image for this page, maybe of the Parkey lined up right before the kick? Thanks, EDG 543 (talk) 17:36, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Higher level doinks
Now I can't recall how I wound up here, but I was disappointed to see no mention of higher level doinks. This video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBOT-oWKJWU shows the highest I know of. Shanen (talk) 17:17, 25 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Double Doink


text:
Talk:Karmayodha

Untitled
doubts whether only negative reviews should be added. Or reviews should be added at all. editors welcome to contribute (Alex.mathews (talk) 08:06, 29 January 2013 (UTC))

title: Talk:Karmayodha


text:
Πάτροκλος

Etymology
From. Compare, which contains the same components in the opposite order.

Proper noun

 * : Patroclus

title: Πάτροκλος


text:
Talk:Dave "Baby" Cortez

Fair use rationale for Image:CortezHappyOrgan.jpg
Image:CortezHappyOrgan.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 21:25, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:CortezHappyOrgan.jpg
Image:CortezHappyOrgan.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 21:35, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dave "Baby" Cortez


text:
Portal talk:Art and design

History of the School of Art & Design

I put the School of A&D header in on my first visit to the university earlier this year. Given its size in the real world it's appropriate that graphics was sketched in by the next contributor. Have just sketched out what seem to me to be the other main topics for a school of Art & Design curriculum which covers the traditional disciplines but includes new and developing fields which complement them and provide a base for individual development and team work. I hope to come back and flesh out modules and example projects and references which might guide deveopment through these fields. 8.2004<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
I would be interested in helping construct lessons for various fine arts areas, especially drawing and painting. Likewise, I think it may be appropriate to separate art and art history? 2004-01-25 blainegarrett

Reviving the School of Art and Design
It seems this project has been neglected for some time and I would love to see it picked up again! I hope that there are some possible contributors who will be interested in further organizing the courses and adding content. I am most concerned about the organization of the courses, at the moment. The School_of_Literature_and_English_Studies is organized by graudate year/level. I believe this model of organization would function well for this school, also. Art studies are often interrelated, so having "foundation" courses would be accessible to newcomers and a convenient way to list introductory and theory classes. Art history is a vast category and one course is insufficient to cover all of its topics. A graudate program would allow in-depth history to be placed into a special category, while the general studies could remain in foundation studies. I am eager to contribute and interact with others interested in developing this school!

Here is my suggested list of majors thus far: Animation, Architecture, Filmmaking, Graphic Design, Industrial & Environmental Design, Illustration, Ceramics & Sculpture, Painting, New Media(unsure of this), Fashion & Textile Arts. --Seraphxnoir 16:31, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

It looks to me like you could use some help coordinating, categorizing, and linking similar topics together. I had a difficult time browsing from "Art" and "Schools" to "Origami". Links between "Arts" and "Crafts" seem to be neglected. There is a category of "Hobbies" that provided a helpful connection. Is anyone willing to help, advice, or just encourage? Or should I see what I can do, and everybody else will just "hope for the best"? There is lots of material already posted in the Wikiversity, but lots of necessary connections seem to be absent. Connections are VITAL, per the "Elementary Education" portal. Ray Calvin Baker (talk) 20:12, 11 August 2012 (UTC)

What happened?
I was browsing for Animation information and came across this section. What happened? Was it dropped? Is there anyone planning to pick it up?

Well, I'll spread the word around my college, maybe run it by the dean and post a few flyers. Such a good idea won't die on my watch! --LiterateLioness1 05:23, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Art and design


text:
User:Mahedre/sandbox

- I edited the show "Insecure's" page - added how Issa Rae, lead actor for the show, was nominated for Best Actress Golden Globe - Important that piece of credential was recognized seeing how through her TV show she sheds light on a lot of social issues African American go through in todays modern society. - I also added a quote of what she said at the award show when asked who she was rooting for. - She said "I'm rooting for everyone Black" - Though seen as being comedic, Issa Rae was recognizing the black excellence that he was surrounded by at such a distinguished platform. (THE Golden Globes) - This quote in my opinion is a direct portrayal of her personality and what she stands for. - I think she'd be happy to see that quote on her wikipedia page.

title: User:Mahedre/sandbox


text:
A New Astronomy

A New Astronomy is the fourth album by the Italian psychedelic rock band Jennifer Gentle, released in 2006 by Sub Pop Records and A Silent Place.

Track list

 * 1) Lost Aurora
 * 2) Hidden Flower
 * 3) Red Apple Devil
 * 4) Hollow Earth Theory
 * 5) Sex Rituals Of The Dead
 * 6) Hiss From Nowhere
 * 7) The Cannibal Club
 * 8) Church Of The Black Emptiness
 * 9) “What Did You Say?”
 * 10) A Classification Of Clouds
 * 11) Music From Mars
 * 12) Last Aurora
 * 13) Me And Joe On The Moon

title: A New Astronomy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Memati Baş

The result was   delete. — Coffee //  have a cup  //  beans  // 01:01, 22 February 2015 (UTC)

Memati Baş

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Looks like a unotable fictional character here Wgolf (talk) 22:25, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Turkey-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 14:02, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Film-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 14:02, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Fictional elements-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 14:02, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Missvain (talk) 07:36, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete, this can be covered in the Valley of the Wolves article. Nakon  03:32, 21 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
xeroderma pigmentosum

Etymology
From  and.

Noun

 * 1)  A rare genetic disorder in which DNA damaged by ultraviolet light is not repaired and the skin becomes sensitive to such light, in which a skin cancer can subsequently develop

title: xeroderma pigmentosum


text:
User:Unit388/draft-review

{{SAFESUBST: #invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{Ambox
 * name = npp
 * subst = {{subst: substcheck}}
 * type = warn
 * image = Gnome-searchtool.svg

'
 * text =

Article Under Review
' Recently created articles may be patrolled in order to maintain standards.

 This article is currently being review by User: (talk)''

Tag placed at:

}} }}

title: User:Unit388/draft-review


text:
Talk:Twister

Twister
OK, so most of us are probably familiar with this (overrated, if you ask me) game. Has it crept in to the English language enough? Probably...worth a discussion anyway. --Keene 12:38, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

 * weak keep. I think this one has crept into the lexicon of the average person. --EncycloPetey 15:31, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Keep. Quotations out of context abound. If you doubt it see Twister (game). DAVilla 19:33, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Good Lord, it's a popularity contest now? Not a single one of those "popular culture" (taking a very liberal definition of culture, I see) listings, uses the brand-name attributively. Not one.  Those are product mentions.  In advertising, those are called product endorsements and are particularly effective because it is not clear which ones Hasbro is paying for, for the mention.  DELETE.  --Connel MacKenzie 04:25, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually, it's much worse than that. Most of the listings aren't even mentions. They're product placements only, and the name itself, if it is even displayed, is never spoken by any of the characters.
 * But if you don't like popular culture like, you know, the low class stuff that Shakespeare was writing in his day to appease those commoner crowds, then you're welcome to do a Google book search. There are more than seventy hits for "play Twister" and nearly twice as many for the even narrower phrase "game of Twister". Hasbro must have some pretty deep pockets!
 * As to your claim of no attributive use, I don't understand it at all. Was that a reflexive reply, or did you just miss the sole quotation on the page? I mean, there is only one quotation there, and it uses the word attributively in both cases, "Twister suits" and "Twister mat". DAVilla 18:56, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

 * What aspect of the game "Twister" is that quote attributing to the suit(s)? What attribute is being alluded to?  None.  It is simply naming a direct object.  I would not object to the object being named in Wiktionary, if it wasn't promotional.  But very plainly, it is promotional.  That is why I think it should be deleted.  --Connel MacKenzie 19:54, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

 * What would that be, the look of the suit, I guess? Does everything have to be spelled out to such detail with you? It's attributive in the grammatical sense, but now I wonder if you are familiar with that. A direct object? WTF are you talking about? DAVilla 20:22, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I find it interesting that our definition for attributive lacks the correct definition for the adjective, e.g. from Webster's 1913. If you consider attribution to mean "anything that is used as an adjective" then I can understand why we have been talking right past each other.  --Connel MacKenzie 21:11, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Ah, I'm beginning to understand you. Time to study up. Any good general references of knowledge you might suggest? Preferably one that's free, online, and if I disagree with I can edit? :-P DAVilla 22:01, 4 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm not so sure about Webster's. In linguistics, attributive seems to mean only that the word is part of the noun phrase, in contrast especially to predicative. DAVilla 22:15, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Keep, has entered the lexicon of the average person, as demonstrated by the abundance of quotations out-of-context. Kappa 05:04, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry, I don't understand that. If someone mentions the game "Twister" while not playing the game "Twister," it is then out of context?  Or did I read what you wrote, incorrectly?  --Connel MacKenzie 19:54, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Out-of-context means no context is provided within the text, not the situation, to indicate meaning. Are you through twisting words for today? DAVilla 20:22, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you for putting a smile on my face, with that pun. This point I shall concede.  --Connel MacKenzie 21:11, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

 * keep. Commonly used without explanation of what it is - "Let's play Twister" is used in exactly the same way as "Let's play dominoes" or "Let's play poker". You are expected to know what Twister/dominoes/poker is, if you don't then you can look the word up in a dictionary. Thryduulf 02:09, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Twister
This survived RfD, but it has but one citation. Needs some kind of attributive use. DCDuring Holiday Greetings! 12:59, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

 * How about a book title?: When Did My Life Become a Game of Twister?, Mary Pierce, Zondervan, 2007 - Pingku 14:28, 11 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Sounds good to me.—msh210 ℠  16:56, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Does not seem to meet the attestation standard for brand/product names. DCDuring TALK 15:27, 30 January 2009 (UTC)

RFV failed, entry deleted; but anyone who'd like to add valid citations to meet the brand-name standard, let me know and I can restore it so you don't have to start from scratch. —Ruakh TALK 04:08, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Ruakh, after you deleted it, would you kindly add the meaning in Citations:Twister, so that one knows what one is looking for (and the readers of the Citations become enlightened as well)? I can not deduce the meaning from these two citations and can not see the history either. The uſer hight Bogorm converſation 14:05, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Twister


text:
Killing of Scout Schultz

On September 16, 2017, Scout Schultz, a 21-year-old student of the Georgia Institute of Technology, was shot once and killed by Tyler Beck, an officer of the Georgia Tech Police Department. Schultz had summoned police to the scene by making a false claim that someone was standing outside their dorm with a knife and a gun. They then stood outside the dorm carrying a multitool. When the police arrived, Schultz walked towards the police, asking them to shoot. The multitool contained a screwdriver and a short blade that was not out, but given the earlier call, the police had reason to believe Schultz had a gun. The incident was followed by protests and civil unrest, which led to multiple arrests. Schultz's parents filed a wrongful death suit. The shooting was investigated by the Georgia Bureau of Investigation. In March 2020, it was announced that Tyler Beck would not face charges.

In 2018, Scout's shooting led to the creation of a $1,000,000 fund to improve mental health, from which came the Intercollegiate Mental Health Conference, the first student-run national conference on college mental health policy. Through this, a new LGBTQ+ center among other resources have been created.

Background
Scout Schultz was born in Rockville, Maryland in 1995. They were born with hypospadias. The Schultz family later moved to Lilburn, Georgia. Scout was a fourth year computer engineering major at Georgia Institute of Technology, and expected to graduate a semester early according to their father. They were bisexual, nonbinary and intersex and used singular they pronouns. They were the president of Pride Alliance on campus.

Schultz, who suffered from clinical depression, had spent time in counseling after attempting suicide by hanging in 2015.

Shooting
Schultz, a 21-year-old student at the Georgia Institute of Technology, called 9-1-1 on September 16, 2017, around 11:17 p.m. They said there was a suspicious person on campus with a knife and possibly a gun. They gave a description matching their own appearance, saying that the person had long blond hair, a white t-shirt, and blue jeans, and said that the person might be intoxicated.

Four police officers approached Schultz outside a dormitory on campus. They had a multitool, which included a small knife, but no gun. According to the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, the multitool's blade was not extended. However, given the earlier call and the lack of light, the police had a reason to suspect a gun. Schultz refused to drop the multitool and walked towards the police, with their arms hanging down, while shouting "shoot me!" Schultz was then shot and pronounced dead shortly after at the Grady Memorial Hospital. The incident was captured on a cell-phone video.

Three suicide notes were found in Schultz's dorm room.

The police officer who shot them was identified as Tyler Beck. According to the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "Beck was certified by the Georgia Peace Officer and Standards Training Council (POST) but had not undergone Crisis Intervention Training, which trains police on how to handle mentally ill suspects." Shortly after the shooting, Beck was put on paid leave.

Aftermath
Schultz's family attorney, Chris Stewart, said the police overreacted. Stewart said the idea that the death was a "suicide by cop" did not justify what happened. He also said, "The area was secured. There was no one around at risk." Schultz's mother, Lynne Schultz, suggested the police should have used pepper spray or Tasers instead of gunning them down. (According to a spokesman, Georgia Tech police are equipped with the former but not the latter. ) Scout's father, William Schultz, said at a news conference, "Why did you have to shoot? That's the only question that matters right now. Why did you kill my son?"

G. P. "Bud" Peterson, the president of Georgia Tech, said the shooting was a "heart-wrenchingly painful time" for the university. Despite Schultz not finishing senior year, Georgia Tech awarded them a diploma.

The shooting was investigated by the Georgia Bureau of Investigation. In September 2018, with the investigation still on-going, the parents announced that they had grown frustrated with the lack of criminal charges. Schultz's parents filed a wrongful death suit naming the university, Tyler Beck, and the Georgia Board of Regents in September 2019.

In March 2020, the county's district attorney announced that Beck would not face charges, saying that, according to use-of-force experts, the shooting was justified.

In December 2021, Georgia Tech announced a settlement with the family of Schultz for $1 million.

Vigil and Protest
A peaceful vigil for Schultz was held on campus on September 18, 2017.

Twenty minutes later, about 50 protesters marched through campus while carrying a banner which read "Protect LGBTQ" and chanting "Justice Now". The protest turned violent and a police car was set on fire. Three people were arrested, one of them a Georgia Tech student. They were charged with "inciting a riot and battery of an officer." In the following weeks three more people were arrested for "misdemeanor obstruction of law enforcement." Schultz's parents appealed for calm.

On September 22, a teach-in and protest occurred at Georgia Tech, which led to the Student Center building being closed early at 3 p.m.

Legacy and Impact
In 2018, in response to Schultz's death, queer student leaders established the Mental Health Joint Allocations Committee, a $1,000,000 fund to improve campus mental health. These funds have been allocated towards a new LGBTQ+ center, telemental health services, therapeutic biotechnologies, and health systems research.

In February 2019, the committee contributed funds to the Intercollegiate Mental Health Conference, the first national student-run research initiative to identify best practices and policies for college mental health. From this data, $300,000 in grant funding was established to improve the mental health of vulnerable populations.

title: Killing of Scout Schultz


text:
List of memorials to Martin Luther King Jr.

This is a list of memorials to Martin Luther King Jr.

United States
There are numerous memorials to King in the United States, including:

Memorial sites

 * In 1980, the U.S. Department of the Interior designated King's boyhood home in Atlanta and several nearby buildings the Martin Luther King Jr. National Historic Site.

 * Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Gardens in Raleigh, NC is the first public park in the U.S. devoted to Dr. King and the Civil Rights Movement. The gardens feature a life-size sculpture of Dr. King and a 12-ton granite water monument honoring the area’s civil rights leaders.

 * Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church in Selma, Alabama

 * King County, Washington, rededicated its name in his honor in 1986 and changed its logo to an image of his face in 2007.

 * The city government center in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, is named in honor of King.

 * The Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Bridge in Fort Wayne, Indiana
 * Martin Luther King Jr. College Preparatory High School in Memphis, Tennessee

Buildings

 * Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library

 * Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library in San Jose, California

 * The National Civil Rights Museum, at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, where King died

 * Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church in Selma, Alabama

Sculptures

 * Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. King was the first African American and the fourth non-president honored with his own memorial in the National Mall area. In 1996, Congress authorized the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, of which King is still a member, to establish a foundation to manage fundraising and design of a national memorial to King. The memorial opened in 2011 and is administered by the National Park Service. The address of the monument, 1964 Independence Avenue, SW, commemorates the year that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 became law.
 * The Landmark for Peace Memorial in Indianapolis, Indiana
 * A bust of Dr. King was added to the "gallery of notables" in the United States Capitol in 1986, portraying him in a "restful, nonspeaking pose."
 * The beginning words of King's "I Have a Dream" speech are etched on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, at the place where King stood during that speech. These words from the speech—"five short lines of text carved into the granite on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial"—were etched in 2003, on the 40th anniversary of the march to Washington, by stone carver Andy Del Gallo, after a law was passed by Congress providing authorization for the inscription.
 * The Embrace, unveiled in January 2023 in Boston
 * The Homage to King sculpture in Atlanta, Georgia
 * Hope Moving Forward statue in Atlanta
 * The Statue of Martin Luther King Jr. in Atlanta
 * The Dream sculpture in Portland, Oregon
 * Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial in Compton, California
 * On October 11, 2015, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported a proposed "Freedom Bell" may be installed atop Stone Mountain honoring King and his "I Have a Dream" speech, specifically the line "Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia."
 * A bust of Martin Luther King Jr. has been in the collection of the collection of the Smithsonian Institution's National Portrait Gallery since 1974, and displayed in the White House since 2000; a second cast is in the collection of the National Museum of African American History and Culture.
 * In Norfolk, Virginia stands a memorial in honor of King. The 83-foot-high granite obelisk was conceived by former Norfolk Councilman and General District Court Judge Joseph A. Jordan Jr.

 * The Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial at Yerba Buena Gardens in San Francisco is located behind a waterfall, The King memorial consists of large, etched glass excerpts of King's speeches in the languages of San Francisco's sister cities, and also includes a large green space where performance arts events are held throughout the year. The entire memorial was a collaborative project between Sculptor Houston Conwill, Poet Estella Majoza and Architect Joseph De Pace. The memorial is located on the gardens' second block, between Howard and Folsom Streets, which was opened in 1998, with a dedication to Martin Luther King, Jr. by Mayor Willie Brown.

 * The Martin Luther King, Jr Memorial at the Martin Luther King Drive station of the Hudson Bergen Light Rail in the Jackson Hill section of Jersey City, New Jersey includes a bust of King and accompanying bas reliefs.

 * A memorial bust of Martin Luther King, Jr., which was approved by the King family, was officially unveiled at Martin Luther King, Jr. Park at Plant Riverside District in Savannah, Georgia on January 15, 2022. The bronze bust on a granite base is the first memorial to Martin Luther King, Jr. in Savannah.

Internationally
Numerous other memorials honor him around the world, including:
 * Parc Martin Luther King, a 10 ha park in Paris, France
 * Dr Martin Luther King Jr. Statue at King's Quad courtyard next to the King’s Hall of Newcastle University in North East England: A bronze statue was unveiled in November 2017 to mark the 50th anniversary of Dr Martin Luther King Jr.'s visit to the university to accept an honorary degree.
 * "Martin Luther Kings plan" (park), with art installation Befrielsen (English: Liberation), in Uppsala, Sweden
 * The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. Church in Debrecen, Hungary
 * The King-Luthuli Transformation Center in Johannesburg, South Africa
 * The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. Forest in Israel's Southern Galilee region (along with the Coretta Scott King Forest in Biriya Forest, Israel)
 * The Martin Luther King Jr. School in Accra, Ghana
 * The Gandhi-King Plaza (garden), at the India International Center in New Delhi, India
 * One of the 10 statues of 20th-century martyrs on the façade of Westminster Abbey, London, UK
 * Statue of Martin Luther King Jr. (Mexico City)
 * The Martin Luther King Jr. Corner (library) at Sam Nujoma Multi-purpose Center in Ongwediva, Namibia


text:
Botany/Phycology

<< Contents Page | << Chapter 8 | Chapter 9 | Chapter 10 >>|

The term "algae" is used to collectively refer to a wide range (20,000-30,000 spp.) of very simple photosynthetic organisms. While this term is no longer used as a taxonomic grouping, it is still useful for referring informally to these photosynthetic protists. (Protists are diverse eukaryotes which are neither fungi, animals nor plants.)

The earliest multicellular alga known is the red fossil alga Bangiomorpha (at right), found in 1,200 million year old rocks in Arctic Canada. What's more this is the first known organism to show sexual reproduction.== Chapter 9. Phycology ~ The Algae == The algae (singular: alga) comprise several different groups of plant-like organisms, some of which are (and some are not) regarded as members of the Kingdom Plantae. All algae lack true leaves, roots, flowers, and other structures found in the higher plants. They are distinguished from bacteria and protozoa mainly in that they are autotrophic, obtaining energy through photosynthesis. Although no longer considered a natural group, the term algae is still used for convenience. The botanical discipline concerned with the study of algae is called Phycology (or sometimes, Algology); and the environments most phycologists (or algologists) focus on are the marine intertidal/shallow subtidal regions of the world oceans. It is in these environments that the diversity of structurally complex algae (called seaweeds) reaches its pinnacle.

As a grouping, the algae cut across even the prokaryote/eukaryote divide: the so-called "Blue-green algae" are cyanobacteria. All other algae are eukaryotes. Green Algae (different from Blue-green algae) are considered to be the ancestors of green plants. Other kinds of algae on the other hand are distinct from green plants and from each other in having different and unrelated accessory pigments. These pigments are responsible for the ways different algae absorb light, providing advantage to each individual type of alga to compete best at a water depth where its preferred wavelength is perhaps strongest.

 * Read Phycology (article not developed yet)
 * Read Algae

Cyanobacteria
The cyanobacteria comprise the structurally simplest algae, and presumably are closely related to the oldest photosynthetic organisms on the planet. Although capable of extracting energy from sunlight through photosynthesis, these algae are related to bacteria as evidenced by their prokaryotic cell structure. Yet, some Blue-greens have developed multi-cellular thalli that approach eukaryotic algal forms, and thus their traditional inclusion within the "algae."

 * Read Cyanobacteria

Questions

8.1 How do we know that the different algae are not monophyletic?

8.2 What do the different algae have in common that they are grouped together as algae?

8.3 What are 3 similarities between the green algae and green plants?

8.4 Define endosymbiosis. Did photosynthetic cyanobacteria exist before or after photosynthetic organelles? Why or why not?

title: Botany/Phycology


text:
User:Llapitan420

I am Ahmad Llapitan I'm 19 years old.I live here in Abudhabi,UAE.I study Aircraft Maintenance,Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science. Because i want to build a time machine or i a speed of light so i can travel around the world and universe/

title: User:Llapitan420


text:
غير

Etymology 1
Compare.

Noun

 * 1) other than, different from, unlike
 * 2) except, save, but
 * 3) more than
 * 4) no, not, un-, non-, in-, dis-
 * 5) someone or something else; someone or something other than; other; others
 * 6)  third party
 * 1) except, save, but
 * 2) more than
 * 3) no, not, un-, non-, in-, dis-
 * 4) someone or something else; someone or something other than; other; others
 * 5)  third party
 * 1) no, not, un-, non-, in-, dis-
 * 2) someone or something else; someone or something other than; other; others
 * 3)  third party
 * 1) someone or something else; someone or something other than; other; others
 * 2)  third party
 * 1) someone or something else; someone or something other than; other; others
 * 2)  third party
 * 1) someone or something else; someone or something other than; other; others
 * 2)  third party
 * 1)  third party

Descendants

 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:

Verb

 * 1)  to change, to alter

Pronoun

 * 1)  other than
 * 2)  other
 * 1)  other

Etymology 1
From.

Preposition

 * 1) except, apart from
 * 2) other, another, else, different
 * 3) un-, in-, dis-
 * 1) un-, in-, dis-
 * 1) un-, in-, dis-
 * 1) un-, in-, dis-

Etymology 2
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to change, to alter

title: غير


text:
General Biology/Genetics/Inheritance

Charles Darwin, for all he contributed to the science of biology, never knew about the mechanism by which living things inherit traits from previous generations, or how new traits arise.

As any schoolchild can tell you, this mechanism of interitance has since been found to be DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA allows for stable inheritance of traits: the code in each strand of DNA is replicated precisely through the pairing of basic units along each strand. The error rate in this replication is amazingly low; not even one base pair in a million matches out of sequence.

However, when even one base pair is added to a new strain of DNA in an order differently than in the parent chain, it can be the basis of a mutation. These changes in DNA sequences are the microscopic origin of changes in traits of all studied living things. Even the smallest difference in a strand of DNA can result in a change in traits that can cost the life of the organism. Mutations can produce proteins with a new or altered function. In humans, the example of Sickle cell anemia is commonly given as its origin is a difference of only one base pair in a section of DNA that encodes red blood cells.

Individual sequences of DNA that encode for specific proteins are called genes and are the units of heredity. Each one has a set nucleotide, and together all of the genes (and some sequence of DNA that apparently do not code for any biologically important functions) together make up the entire chromosome

Mendel

 * Discovered principle of genetic segregation via numerous experiments utilizing pea plants
 * Inferred the existence of genes through segregation of phenotypes
 * Used quantitative methods: counted; ratios
 * Work is model of scientific method
 * In particular, observed the F2 progeny, which lead to the discovery of dominant and recessive traits
 * Published work in 1866, went unnoticed
 * In 1900 his scientific paper was “rediscovered”
 * Mendel is acknowledged as founder of Genetics
 * still used alphabet letters to designate genes
 * still refer to dominant and recessive genes
 * still refer to segregation of alleles in meiosis
 * principle of segregation applies to all sexually reproducing organisms; Mendel’s results were immediately applied to humans in 1900

Mendel’s experiments

 * 1856, began experiments with the garden pea, Pisum sativum
 * 1865, presented results to the Bruno natural history society, which he helped found
 * 1866, published his results in proceedings of the society
 * Naegeli encouraged Mendel to reproduce results in another species, which failed because the species did not undergo true fertilization
 * discrete traits in Pisum sativum
 * pure-breeding lines
 * dominant/recessive alleles
 * alleles are two alternate versions of a gene
 * gametes contain hybridized chromosomes that are formed during meiosis
 * homozygous has two of the same allele
 * heterozygous has two different alleles
 * reciprocal F1 crosses (all exhibiting dominant phenotypes); F2; F3
 * counted offspring, noted ratios
 * inferred genotypes from phenotypes
 * tested hypotheses with testcrosses
 * attempted to repeat with another species

Mendel’s seven pairs of traits

 * 1) Seed form (round or wrinkled)
 * 2) Cotyledon color (green or yellow)
 * 3) Seed coat color (white or colored)
 * 4) Pod form (inflated or constricted)
 * 5) Pod color (green or yellow)
 * 6) Flower position (axial or terminal)
 * 7) Plant heights (tall or short)

Locus

 * The location of a specific gene within a chromosome

Modern Y chromosome
Y-chromosome is the most evolved chromosome. Generally it is thought that if Y- chromosome is present in an individual then he will be male. But if mutation occurs at sex determining region or zinc factor then it will not code for testis determining factor, and results in normal female. This type of female's frequency is 1/250000.

Chromosome phenomena

 * X-chromosome inactivation
 * Barr bodies
 * Nondisjunction: failure of chromosome segregation at meiosis or mitosis
 * Results in 2N ± 1 chromosome number
 * Trisomy 2N + 1
 * Usually lethal. Trisomy 21 (Down) exception
 * Monosomy 2N ** 1
 * Lethal except XO
 * Usually maternal origin in humans

X-chromosome inactivation
In females, one X-chromosone is randomly switched off forming a Barr body.

Barr body
Dense region in the nucleus formed by the inactive X-chromosome.

Human genetic disorders
Down's Syndrome (Mongolism)

Down's Syndrome is usually produced by the nondisjunction of chromosome 21 during oogenesis and sometimes during spermatogenesis. The individual suffering from this type of syndrome has 47 chromosomes instead of the normal 46. The extra chromosome is not a sex chromosome but an autosome. Most cases of mongolism were found to occur in children born by women in their forties. The affected children, called mongoloids, show mental retardation and have a shorter life expectancy. Their most prominent feature is the Mongolian folds in their eyes; hence, the term mongolism.

Klinefelter's Syndrome

When an XY-bearing sperm unites with an X-bearing egg, the resulting condition is called Klinefelter's Syndrome, or sexually undeveloped male. Individuals having the syndrome show the following characteristics: The same abnormal meiotic division may occur in females. They produce eggs with XX or no sex chromosomes. Such egg, when fertilized by a Y-bearing sperm, will not develop (YO). This is because YO is lethal—it wil cause death to the offspring.
 * testes are small
 * sperms are never produced
 * breasts are enlarged
 * body hair is sparse
 * individuals are mentally defective

title: General Biology/Genetics/Inheritance