text:
War of the Peters

The War of the Peters was a conflict primarily fought between the forces of Peter Par Jiek and Peter Gadet from June 2000 to August 2001 in Unity State, Sudan. Though both were leaders of local branches of larger rebel groups that were involved in the Second Sudanese Civil War (the SPDF and SPLA, respectively), the confrontation between the two commanders was essentially a private war. As Par and Gadet battled each other, the Sudanese government exploited the inter-rebel conflict as part of a divide and rule strategy, aimed at weakening the rebellion at large and allowing for the extraction of valuable oil in Unity State. In the end, Gadet and Par reconciled when their respective superiors agreed to merge the SPDF and SPLA.

Background
Following its independence in 1956, the Sudan had suffered from numerous internal conflicts over political, ethnic, economic, and religious issues. In 1983, revolutionaries and separatists from the country's marginalized south launched an uprising against the government which was traditionally dominated by elites from the north. The Second Sudanese Civil War had begun, and fighting spread across southern, eastern and western Sudan. The most prominent southern rebel group was the "Sudan People's Liberation Army" (SPLA) under the leadership of John Garang. As the war escalated and spread, the SPLA grew increasingly powerful and overran much of southern Sudan. Despite these successes, the SPLA faced major internal and external opposition. Many southern Sudanese outright opposed the group for a variety of reasons, and instead sided with the government or set up rival insurgent movements. In addition, Garang's leadership style caused tensions within the SPLA. He was charismatic, and a capable military commander, but also brutal and autocratic, suppressing and even executing critics.

Two prominent SPLA commanders, Riek Machar and Lam Akol, attempted to overthrow Garang in an unsuccessful coup in 1991. The SPLA consequently split into warring factions, and the Sudanese government exploited this by employing a divide and rule strategy. It occasionally supported Machar's group (SPLA-United) so that it could fight against and weaken Garang's faction (SPLA-Mainstream). In the next decade, alliances and militias formed and broke up again, while warlords carved out their own domains. The Sudanese government increasingly focused on clearing areas in the south for oil extraction instead of winning the war, as it was in desperate need of cash. As time went on, oil money became crucial for the Sudanese war effort. One of the centers of oil production was Unity State, also known as Western Upper Nile. To secure the oil wells and pipelines and open land for oil extraction, the government often employed southern militias. These paramilitaries knew the terrain, were more expendable than Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) units, and allowed the government to frame the civil war as anarchic tribal infighting to deflect criticism of its own governance.

The most prominent pro-government paramilitary group of southern Sudan was the SSDF. The SSDF was an umbrella organization for several armed factions, including Machar's loyalists and the troops of warlords like ex-Anyanya II leader Paulino Matip Nhial. It proved to be unstable and affected by internal rivalries, and gradually broke apart. Different SSDF factions already fought each other in 1997 and 1998, and the government allowed it to happen as it mistrusted most of the SSDF anyway. The combat between the pro-government militias was fuelled by a desire of the warlords to control the oil-rich areas and thereby increase their revenue. Matip managed to oust Machar's followers and other rivals from the valuable region around Bentiu, drawing the latter's ire. At the same time, the regime intensified efforts to take full control of the Block 5A oilfields in Unity State. These were held by Machar's forces, and he protested that the oil fields should remain under his control. The government responded by launching a campaign to drive away civilians and Machar's troops from drilling locations in Block 5A such as Thar Jath. Spearheaded by the SAF, northern militias, and Matip's force, entire tracts of land were depopulated. In response, Machar's local loyalists under Tito Biel and Peter Par Jiek aligned with the SPLA and counterattacked. A chaotic and brutal campaign ensued, as the military and numerous militias fought over control of the oil fields.

In September 1999, most of Matip's militia revolted under Peter Gadet, as they were upset how the government was using local Nuer militias (like themselves) against other Nuer, while excluding them from the oil revenues. This was a major setback for the government. Gadet was a highly competent commander, and quickly captured the arms depot at Makien military base. He subsequently unified his force with the militias of other regional warlords such as Biel and Par to form the "Upper Nile Provisional United Military Command Council". The rebel alliance proceeded to capture several important oil wells, and the towns of Buoth, Rier, and Tan near Bentiu.

The insurgents consequently agreed to split Unity State. Gadet and Par were assigned territories mostly in accordance to the ethnic groups which supported them: Gadet, an ethnic Bul Nuer, got Mayom and Wangkei (inhabited by Bul Nuer), while Par, a Dok Nuer, was granted Bentiu, Thar Jath, Leer, and Adok (territory of the Dok, Jikany, Jagei, and Leek Nuer). The "Upper Nile Provisional United Military Command Council" alliance was quite successful, and the united forces of Gadet and Par defeated the SAF and Matip's militia in several battles. This adversely affected government control over Unity State, and reduced local oil production. The situation changed once again in February 2000, when Machar openly broke with the government, fully left the SSDF, and founded the SPDF rebel group. This development resulted in new tensions among the insurgents of Unity State. Machar loyalists like Par and Biel joined the SPDF, while Gadet had officially sided with SPLA-Mainstream – Machar's declared enemy. Limited clashes between Gadet and some Machar loyalists, though not between Gadet and Par, broke out soon after. Despite the tensions and opposing political alignments, cooperation mostly continued until the Sudanese government launched another major offensive in Unity State in April 2000. This offensive pushed the rebel alliance to the breaking point. Old rivalries came to the fore, fuelled by the government's divide and rule strategy.

Start of the conflict

The cooperation between Peter Par and Peter Gadet broke down in June–July 2000, as their militias began to fight each other. Who was responsible for the outbreak of hostilities is unknown, as both sides blamed each other. The SPDF stated that its forces were attacked by Gadet loyalists "for no reason" in Nimne on 26 June 2000. The SPLA argued that Par had executed 22 fighters loyal to Gadet in December 1999 and June 2000, and forged an alliance with the Sudanese government. This had allegedly forced the SPLA to act. Tribal tensions between Dok and Bul Nuer may have contributed to the conflict. At least some locals framed the Par-Gadet fighting as Dok-Bul tribal war.

In any case, Gadet launched a surprise attack on Nimne on 26 June or 7 July, resulting in open war. The conflict subsequently became known as "War of the Peters". As Par and Gadet clashed with each other, the Sudanese government eagerly exploited the situation. It provided ammunition to Par as long as he fought against the SPLA and left pro-government troops alone. Most of the SPDF officially denied the reports of government support: Machar publicly claimed that the ammunition had come from secret stockpiles, and another SPDF commander stated that they had bought it from Baggara tribesmen. Taban Deng Gai admitted that Par had received one arms shipment from the government "to survive". In fact, cooperation between Par and the government increased in intensity. Matip's SSDF militia began to openly fight alongside Par's men, and the latter also guarded government installations, especially the oil extraction facilities of Thar Jath in Block 5A. The SPDF even protected the road to Thar Jath, allowing Lundin Petroleum to access a new drilling site in Block 5A. Regardless, Par officially remained in opposition to the government.

Escalation and conclusion

Between July and August 2000, Par joined forces with Matip's militia and attacked Gadet's forces in the area between Nimne and Nhialdiu. They gradually pushed the SPLA westward, attacking Wicok, Buoth, Boaw, and Koch in succession. Most of Gadet's troops were forced to flee across the Jur River, and only Buoth remained under SPLA control. At the same time, Gadet was resupplied by the SPLA central command, and recruited new troops, including at least 400 child soldiers. He launched a counter-offensive in August 2000, and had retaken most of the lost ground by late September. When they captured Koch, Gadet's men killed two health workers and stole the local clinic's medical supplies. Meanwhile, tensions grew between Par and SPDF co-commander Tito Biel. To avoid war between them, Machar sent Biel to Maiwut County where he was supposed to rally Jikany Nuer to the SPDF's cause.

The War of the Peters was brutal, led to enormous destruction, and displaced up to 60,000 people. Many civilians fled to Bahr el Ghazal, and although hunger and disease spread among the refugees, most subsequently chose to stay as their old homes had been destroyed. Both sides used scorched earth tactics, and completely destroyed many settlements, including Nhialdiu. Schools were also targeted, and the militants killed, raped, and abducted many civilians. The war also increased lower-level tribal conflicts between the Bul and Dok Nuer. The region became too dangerous for the delivery of humanitarian aid, worsening the civilians' suffering. The Sudanese government and the oil companies benefitted greatly from the War of the Peters, as the inter-rebel fighting allowed them to boost the oil extraction. In turn, the government was able to increase its defense expenditure and acquire new weaponry for the civil war.

Gadet's troops attacked the United Nations relief hub of Nyal inside SPDF territory in February 2001. This almost resulted in a further escalation, as the attack was regarded as breach of an earlier peace agreement between Nuer and Dinka militias that was still partially in effect. In addition, this raid caused tensions in Par's militia. Nyal was traditionally Nyuong Nuer territory, and the Nyuong fighters of Par's force believed that the Dok and Bul were spreading their destructive tribal conflict to Nyuong lands. As a result, a shootout between Nyuong and Dok militants erupted at Par's base in Nyal in early May 2001. Gadet launched another major raid against Bentiu, a center of the regional oil infrastructure, on 8 June 2001. The SPLA-Mainstream used the occasion to warn oil companies to withdraw from Sudan, threatening that they were regarded as military targets by the rebels. The War of the Peters continued until August 2001, when Par and Gadet agreed to a ceasefire. A few months later, Machar came to an understanding with the SPLA leadership and agreed to merge the SPDF with SPLA-Mainstream, whereupon Par and Gadet signed a final peace agreement in Koch in February 2002. Par and his faction joined the SPLA, and he and Gadet formally merged their armies. In contrast, Tito Biel was opposed to joining SPLA-Mainstream, and defected to Matip's militia.

Aftermath
The restoration of a rebel alliance in Unity State resulted in growing insecurity in the Block 5A oilfield. Lundin Petroleum suspended operations at Thar Jath, forcing the government to launch new costly offensives in Unity State in 2002. The offensives proved to be successful enough to serve as a model for other military operations. Fighting continued, and allegiances continued to shift in Unity State. In particular, Gadet would play out the SPLA and the government against each other to gain power, and eventually fully defected back to the pro-government forces. The Second Sudanese Civil War ended in 2005, and South Sudan became independent in 2011. Many issues of the conflict remained unresolved, and most southern warlords such as Gadet continued to maintain their private armies. The warlords occasionally revolted, and South Sudan remained politically unstable. The country descended into another civil war in late 2013. Par and Gadet died during this conflict: The former was killed fighting against his former superior, Machar, while the latter died after a heart attack.

title: War of the Peters


text:
Thailand at the 2019 Summer Universiade

Thailand competed at the 2019 Summer Universiade in Naples, Italy held from 3 to 14 July 2019. The country won one gold medal and four bronze medals.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Thailand at the 2019 Summer Universiade


text:
Retrofit EP

Retrofit EP is the fifth EP by Spahn Ranch, released on March 3, 1998 by Cleopatra Records.

Reception
Jon Worley of Aiding & Abetting commended Retrofit EP for packaging remixes that sound different from their original source. AllMusic critic Mike Pfeiffer gave the gave two and a half out of five stars and said "it's arguably Spahn Ranch's most dance-oriented effort yet." Sonic Boom called the album "a fine collection of Trance, Dub, Drum'n'Bass, and Jungle mixes of classic Spahn Ranch tunes."

Personnel
Adapted from the Retrofit EP liner notes.

Spahn Ranch
 * Matt Green – sampler, keyboards, production and mixing (8)
 * Harry Lewis – percussion
 * Athan Maroulis – lead vocals

Additional performers
 * David Parkinson (as David Glass) – percussion (8)

Production and design
 * T.J. Barrial – photography
 * Atelier³ D Thom Bissett – design
 * Eric Fahlborg – mastering

title: Retrofit EP


text:
Developing Scripts and Case Studies for cisLunarFreighter/Radio Communications/STC/implementation/Initial Screen

Title: Initial screen
Hanger view, with 5 or 6 initial craft displayed. User gets to make one choice, and then the info page comes up.

They must confirm, and then are returned to the initial screen


text:
Topic talk:Philosophy of History

Possibly worth a mention
Roy Rosenzweig, "Can History be Open Source? Wikipedia and the Future of the Past", The Journal of American History (Center for History and New Media), Volume 93, Issue 1, June 2006, p.117–146. Very interesting article on what he sees as the strengths and weaknesses of Wikipedia, especially with respect to the writing of history. -- Jmabel 23:15, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Agreed
Perhaps an entire section dedicated to history's "scholarly articles" would be in order. I know that there are an abundance of great articles out there dedicated to a variety of subtopics ranging from online sources such as wikipedia, to oral history, local historical societies, etc. NCHE1776

Topic Page
This topic page doesn't seem to be organised that well in the form of a school, but rather like a compendium of information copied from the above article. Needs structuring. Jpe|ob 00:05, 26 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I just added an introduction of sorts from Wikipedia. Jpe|ob 00:11, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

Written
I don't necessarily agree that it is "primarily from written sources." Primary sources exist across a wide spectrum these days, with things such as oral history taking on a renewed importance as well as artifacts, songs, geography, paintings, sculptures depicting a society's morals, ideals and religions, etc. none of which are necessarily written, yet all of which encompass the history of a people, place and time. Thoughts? NCHE1776 15:29, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Thoughts?
I don't want to be the man who arbitrarily edits sections without discussion, but any thoughts on the previous point regarding history not being primarily from written sources? NCHE1776 21:05, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

Historiography
This school definitely needs a section on Historiography - fast. Jpe|ob 00:11, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

Historiography, check!
Agreed regarding historiography. I feel like that may be an entirely new subsection altogether though as it has grown considerably over the past few years. The combination of article pieces that I had posted initially are meant merely to serve as a framework of sorts for history education as used by the National Council for History Education in their professional development programs and work with the dept. of ed. NCHE1776 15:23, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

School:History
Previously the Wikiversity community established a list of major schools that included a School of History. Wikiversity now has School:History. --JWSchmidt 01:42, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

Move to school?
Should the framework information previously posted be moved to a section of the School:History? NCHE1776 15:23, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Topic-level?
Department/Division [Topic] level pages are not supposed to contain learning materials themselves, but rather link to lessons/units/projects/etc., which contain such materials.

I think the information in this Department would benefit from being broken up into sub-pages (lessons) that were referenced from the Department page. It would make it much less overwhelming to visit, for one. I also think it would help to have a list of stated goals for the Department of Philosophy of History. The Jade Knight 00:10, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Wikiversity Departments can function as projects for the development of learning materials. As soon as coherent "lessons" or learning activities or other types of learning resources are identified, they should be placed on their own pages in the main namespace. --JWSchmidt 02:09, 8 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Okay. In the meantime, this Department is pretty confusing/overwhelming.  The Jade Knight 02:50, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

Introductory "course"
I was thinking the History School could use an introductory Learning Project/Course/whatever to help explain Historiographical issues and concerns to people who do not have university-level training in History. This would be the "gate" Learning Project that would give students an applied knowledge of historiographical issues and the ability to critically analyse sources for methodological issues. It would be good if papers (showing achievement) could be produced as a result of the project, but so long as the students have a grasp of the issues, anything could work. Could some of you working in this department help in the creation of such a project? The Jade Knight 06:50, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

Philosophy of History
I couldn't agree more that I would like to see the Philosophy of History expanded to contain some course material and other sections. Most notably historiography which has for too long gone neglected as a core element of strong history education. I'd like very much to coordinate further on this with you. As it stands, the material that is there is posted only as a framework for a strong history curriculum and we will have to dance a careful step so as to not overlap the School of Education (though using interdisciplinary studies by looking at other subjects such as literacy, mathematics, science, etc. through a historical lense is a whole other can of worms that perhaps can be explored). NCHE1776 21:57, 12 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm not particularly looking to get involved in this Department, as far as the material posted on this page is concerned. I would certainly be willing to collaborate on developing a basic methodology course with you, however.  Where do you think we should begin, and what should we call it?  Introduction to Historiography?  Historian's Craft?  The Jade Knight 01:10, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

re: dead school
The school itself; the philosophy of history - is one that is critical to the proper and thorough study of history. University historians reference historiography almost without fail through the study of history and history education - perhaps that would be the better term for this school when it comes down to it, as referenced by Jade Knight above. The problem lay in the fact that there has been little to zero collaboration beyond Jade Knight and my own interest.

To be honest; this vexes me as I can't help but see the unrelenting references to historiography in the history discipline - and yet the section is largely neglected.

I am more than open to suggestions on how to include this important part of history education, but can not do it without assistance due to time restrictions.
 * I agree that a study of Historiography is needed. Unfortunately, I've little training on the Philosophy of History… The Jade Knight 11:41, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Topic talk:Philosophy of History


text:
девяносто четыре

Numeral

 * 1) ninety-four (94)

Usage notes

 * девяно́сто четы́ре in the nominative and accusative case governs the genitive singular of the noun, although modifying adjectives are in the genitive plural (or alternatively and preferably, for feminine nouns, in the nominative plural). Unlike with bare, there is no animate/inanimate distinction.

 * девяно́сто четы́ре in other cases governs the appropriate plural case of the noun, with adjectives agreeing appropriately.

title: девяносто четыре


text:
Talk:Haakon IV/GA1

GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''

Reviewer: Pyrotec (talk · contribs) 10:43, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I will review. Pyrotec (talk) 10:43, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Initial comments
From a quick read of this article and the references, this article appears to be at or about GA level, possibly well on its way to being a WP:FAC. Nevertheless I'm just going to review it against WP:WIAGA. Pyrotec (talk) 20:26, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Historical sources & Background and childhood -
 * These two sections are compliant.

...Stopping for now. To be continued. Pyrotec (talk) 20:51, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Reign -
 * This section appears to be fully compliant.

 * Views on Haakon's reign & Children and marriage -
 * These two sections are compliant.

 * WP:Lead -
 * This should both introduce the topic of the article and summarise the main points. It does both and is acceptable, although a bit more detail (or "meat") in the summary would help improve the the lead.

Pyrotec (talk) 10:36, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

Overall summary
GA review – see WP:WIAGA for criteria An interesting an informative article
 * 1) Is it reasonably well written?
 * A. Prose quality:
 * The Lead is acceptable as an introduction, but a bit more detailed summary of the main points would be beneficial. However, it's just about adequate to allow me to award GA-status as it is.
 * B. MoS compliance for lead, layout, words to watch, fiction, and lists:
 * 1) Is it factually accurate and verifiable?
 * A. References to sources:
 * Well illustrated.
 * B. Citation of reliable sources where necessary:
 * Well illustrated.
 * C. No original research:
 * 1) Is it broad in its coverage?
 * A. Major aspects:
 * B. Focused:
 * 1) Is it neutral?
 * Fair representation without bias:
 * 1) Is it stable?
 * No edit wars, etc:
 * 1) Does it contain images to illustrate the topic?
 * A. Images are copyright tagged, and non-free images have fair use rationales:
 * Well illustrated.
 * B. Images are provided where possible and appropriate, with suitable captions:
 * Well illustrated.
 * 1) Overall:
 * Pass or Fail:
 * I think this article could make WP:FAC although I suspect that the WP:Lead would need to be improved, i.e. a more detailed summary of the main points in the article, to get this article up to FA-standard.
 * Well illustrated.
 * B. Images are provided where possible and appropriate, with suitable captions:
 * Well illustrated.
 * 1) Overall:
 * Pass or Fail:
 * I think this article could make WP:FAC although I suspect that the WP:Lead would need to be improved, i.e. a more detailed summary of the main points in the article, to get this article up to FA-standard.

I'm awarding this article GA-status. Its a good article and now A Good Article. Congratulations. Pyrotec (talk) 10:36, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Haakon IV/GA1


text:
Cube: 3D Puzzle Mayhem

Cube: 3D Puzzle Mayhem, known as simply Cube in North America and as Simple 2500 Series Portable!! Vol. 10: The IQ Cube: Moyatto Atama o Puzzle de Sukkiri! (SIMPLE 2500 シリーズ ポータブル!! Vol.10 THE IQ CUBE 〜モヤっと頭をパズルでスッキリ！〜) (part of the Simple 2500 Portable series), is a puzzle video game developed by Metia Interactive and published by D3 Publisher in 2007.

Reception
The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 25 out of 40.

title: Cube: 3D Puzzle Mayhem


text:
Talk:Catherine Roraback

Roraback genealogy
J. Henry Rorabach was her great-uncle, not her uncle, despite the nearness in age - Henry was born 21 years after his brother Alberto, Catherine's grandfather. Brianyoumans (talk) 16:34, 28 February 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Catherine Roraback


text:
Chalaki

Chalaki may refer to:
 * Chalaki, Golestan (, Chālakī)
 * Chalaki, Razavi Khorasan (Persian: چالاکی, Chālākī)

title: Chalaki


text:
2012 Penza Cup

The 2012 Penza Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Penza, Russia between 16 and 22 July 2012.

Seeds

 * 1 Rankings are as of July 9, 2012.

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
 * 🇷🇺 Ilya Chkoniya
 * 🇷🇺 Aslan Karatsev
 * 🇷🇺 Anton Manegin
 * 🇷🇺 Alexey Tumakov

The following players received entry as an alternate into the singles main draw:
 * 🇷🇺 Victor Baluda
 * 🇷🇺 Mikhail Fufygin

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
 * 🇷🇺 Mikhail Biryukov
 * 🇷🇺 Evgeny Karlovskiy
 * 🇷🇺 Richard Muzaev
 * 🇷🇺 Anton Zaitsev

Singles

 * 🇺🇦 Illya Marchenko def. 🇷🇺 Evgeny Donskoy, 7–5, 6–3

Doubles

 * 🇷🇺 Konstantin Kravchuk / 🇦🇹 Nikolaus Moser def. 🇮🇳 Yuki Bhambri / 🇮🇳 Divij Sharan, 6–7(5–7), 6–3, [10–7]

title: 2012 Penza Cup


text:
Pervomayskoye, Pervomaysky District, Altai Krai

Pervomayskoye (Первомайское) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Pervomaysky Selsoviet, Pervomaysky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 4,821 as of 2013. There are 42 streets.

Geography
Pervomayskoye is located 45 km north of Novoaltaysk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novopovalikha is the nearest rural locality.


text:
User:Rctaylor

After seeing several pages with little errors that none-the-less bother me, I decided to sign up and contribute. I'm new to this but hopefully, my contributions help.

title: User:Rctaylor


text:
Carnival of Madness

The Carnival of Madness is an annual hard rock/alternative rock tour founded in 2010. The festival has a Carnival theme and a family friendly atmosphere. Artist and band signings, give away's, circus performers, fire breathers, and more are also part of the show's activities.

2010 lineup

 * Shinedown
 * Chevelle
 * Puddle of Mudd
 * Sevendust
 * 10 Years

2011 lineup

 * Theory of a Deadman
 * Alter Bridge
 * Black Stone Cherry
 * Adelitas Way
 * Emphatic

2012 lineup

 * Evanescence
 * Chevelle
 * Halestorm
 * Cavo
 * New Medicine

2013 lineup

 * Shinedown
 * Papa Roach
 * Skillet
 * In This Moment
 * We As Human

2015 lineup

 * Halestorm
 * The Pretty Reckless
 * Starset

UK Tour 2016 lineup

 * Black Stone Cherry
 * Shinedown
 * Halestorm
 * Highly Suspect

US Tour 2016 lineup

 * Shinedown
 * Halestorm
 * Black Stone Cherry
 * Whiskey Myers

title: Carnival of Madness


text:
Talk:Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company Ltd

Subject name
I'm pretty certain that its proper title is **THE** Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company Ltd —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 10:25, September 15, 2006.

 * Got a reference that says that? If so, please list it. Slambo (Speak)  21:49, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

Merger
As far as I can tell this articles are about exactly the same thing? Pit-yacker 03:33, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Clearing previous points
On plates made by the company, and still in existance on carriages today, the use of "The" in title varies. Without access to original documents, the dropping of "The" in this article allows it no to be lost amongst all other articles with headers commencing "The".

Which article is identical? Keith 16:48, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

Openshaw move
Railway Magazine said 1846, rather than 1841.Johnragla (talk) 11:21, 16 May 2017 (UTC)


text:
User:MZ2k15

Hello, I am a new user... will probably make a mistake so please be kind. Please give me constructive advice.

title: User:MZ2k15


text:
Order-5 octahedral honeycomb

In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-5 octahedral honeycomb is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,4,5}. It has five octahedra {3,4} around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many octahedra existing around each vertex in an order-5 square tiling vertex arrangement.

Related polytopes and honeycombs
It a part of a sequence of regular polychora and honeycombs with octahedral cells: {3,4,p}

Order-6 octahedral honeycomb
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-6 octahedral honeycomb is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,4,6}. It has six octahedra, {3,4}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many octahedra existing around each vertex in an order-6 square tiling vertex arrangement.

It has a second construction as a uniform honeycomb, Schläfli symbol {3,(4,3,4)}, Coxeter diagram,, with alternating types or colors of octahedral cells. In Coxeter notation the half symmetry is [3,4,6,1+] = [3,((4,3,4))].

Order-7 octahedral honeycomb
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-7 octahedral honeycomb is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,4,7}. It has seven octahedra, {3,4}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many octahedra existing around each vertex in an order-7 square tiling vertex arrangement.

Order-8 octahedral honeycomb
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-8 octahedral honeycomb is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,4,8}. It has eight octahedra, {3,4}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many octahedra existing around each vertex in an order-8 square tiling vertex arrangement.

Infinite-order octahedral honeycomb
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the infinite-order octahedral honeycomb is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {3,4,∞}. It has infinitely many octahedra, {3,4}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boundary) with infinitely many octahedra existing around each vertex in an infinite-order square tiling vertex arrangement.

It has a second construction as a uniform honeycomb, Schläfli symbol {3,(4,∞,4)}, Coxeter diagram, =, with alternating types or colors of octahedral cells. In Coxeter notation the half symmetry is [3,4,∞,1+] = [3,((4,∞,4))].

title: Order-5 octahedral honeycomb


text:
Ericeia congregata

Ericeia congregata is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, Cape Verde, the Comoros, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Kenya, La Réunion, Madagascar, Mauritania, Mauritius, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Gambia, Uganda, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, India and Sri Lanka.

The larvae feed on Acacia tortilis.

title: Ericeia congregata


text:
Ville Skinnari

Ville Skinnari (born 21 February 1974) is a Finnish politician of the Social Democratic Party who has been serving as Minister for Development Cooperation and Foreign Trade in the cabinet of Prime Minister Antti Rinne and then in the cabinet of Prime Minister Sanna Marin from 2019 to 2023.

Early career
Skinnari is a former professional ice hockey player who played in the Finnish Elite League for the club Reipas Lahti, in the Netherlands for the club Dordrecht Lions, and for the Coventry club Solihull Blaze in the British National League.

From 1995 until 1999, Skinnari worked as a freelance journalist in Japan, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.

Political career
Skinnari was elected to the Finnish Parliament for the Social Democratic Party in 2015, from the constituency of Häme (Tavastia). In 2019 he was re-elected to the parliament for the term 2019–2023.

Skinnari was appointed Minister for Development Cooperation and Foreign Trade in the cabinet of Prime Minister Antti Rinne in 2019. After the collapse of the cabinet in December 2019, Skinnari continued in the same position in the following Marin Cabinet.

International organizations

 * World Bank, Ex-Officio Alternate Member of the Board of Governors (since 2019)
 * OECD/UNDP Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB), Member of the Governing Board (since 2019)

Non-profit organizations

 * Finnish Federation for Recreational Fishing, Chair (2017–2019)
 * Hockey Unlimited, Member of the Board (2014–2019)
 * Lahti Energia Oy, Vice-Chair of the Board (2013–2017)

title: Ville Skinnari


text:
The Third Cage

The Third Cage is the third collaboration between guitarist Dario Mollo and former Black Sabbath vocalist Tony Martin. All music was written by Mollo, with Martin contributing the lyrics. Mollo also produced, mixed and mastered the album.

Reception
The Third Cage was met with mostly positive reviews upon its release. Most reviewers praised Mollo's guitar work in particular and the heavier songs, but criticized some tracks as being "by-the-numbers '80s pop metal". The album's opening and closing tracks, "Wicked World" and "Violet Moon", are often cited as stand-out tracks, the former as an example of a hard rock song "written and performed almost to perfection" and the latter for its "emotive essence".

Personnel

 * Band members
 * Tony Martin – vocals
 * Dario Mollo – lead guitar, bass, keyboards
 * Fulvio Gaslini – bass
 * Roberto Gualdi – drums
 * Dario Patti – keyboards
 * Brian War – keyboards

 * Production
 * Dario Mollo – production, engineering, and mixing
 * Mizuko – photography
 * Felipe Machado Franco – cover art
 * Tony Martin – liner notes

title: The Third Cage


text:
2006–07 Parma FC season

Serie A

 * Notes
 *  Note 1: Matches scheduled for 3/4 February 2007 were postponed due to the death of a police agent at the Catania vs Palermo match. NB: following the death of a police agent on Feb 2, all matches in stadiums not meeting the security standards will be played behind closed doors; the only Serie A stadiums currently fulfilling all standards are those in Rome, Genoa, Siena, Cagliari, Turin (Olimpico) and Palermo.

Coppa Italia
Parma won 3-2 on aggregate.

Parma lost 4–3 on aggregate.

Knockout stage
Parma lost 2-0 on aggregate.

title: 2006–07 Parma FC season


text:
User:VampireProject23/sandbox

Fortnight One
I am having heaps of fun on here, it has been the most fun I have had since leaving the Twilight Saga Wiki to branch off here and to be honest I am a vampire who needs some love.

Being a vampire is as much fun, as I hoped it would be, like today is going to be my next target.

by seeing that, we are going to be vampires from within time. I am likely to do so in my own time.

I am so excited to doing business with you, I am going to be excited for that. Christian Grey says.

Fornight Two
It has been like three weeks since I last posted somethng in here and it has been so long since this tragic day, but it was like roes pettles on water, floating by with out any troubles.

02:24, 23 August 2012 (UTC)

Fortnight Three
I am not a fan of this hardly anymore, but I will continue here

\{\{\s*bots[^}]*|\s*deny\s*=\s*(all|[^|]HostBot)

Fortnight Four
thanks

title: User:VampireProject23/sandbox


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Guatemalan Party of Labour/archive1

Guatemalan Party of Labour
Article has been expanded significantly, but still needs improvement. --Soman 11:41, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Thanks, AndyZ 21:04, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * WP:LEAD should be expanded to be a brief overview of the entire article.
 * Comma use has to reach a concensus- per WP:MOSDATE, the article should either have dates that either all have commas or that don't. (On February 2, 1952 vs On August 2 1953). Note also that the year should be linked if the full date is provided.
 * The external links that are in the article need to be converted into WP:FOOTNOTEs, and citation information has to be added about them.
 * The article skips around from years and jumping back into the past (1952 -> 1945, 1949-> 1922, etc.), and should be chronologized.
 * Watch out for captalization errors ("However, Although communism")
 * Needs copyediting, with examples like:
 * On May 29 1978 the a massacre occurred in Panzós.
 * A CIA intelligence estimate in 1952 reported that the PGT had a membership of about five hundred and an undetermined number of sympathizers. (makes it sound that the membership was composed of "five hundred and an undetermined number" of sympathizers)
 * Meanwhile, the relation of the party towards the armed struggle was not uncomplicated. (complicated will suffice)
 * highlightened differences (highlighted)

 * Currently, this article's biggest problems are a lack of a "References" section and a lack of proper footnoting. --maclean 25 22:24, 22 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
User:Starcollectorband/sandbox

Star Collector is a rock & roll band from Vancouver, BC who've toured Canada, the U.S, & Europe, playing The Cavern (Liverpool), The Borderline (London) & stops in England, Scotland, Germany & The Netherlands. They've recorded 4 albums, w/ producers, GGGarth Richardson (Red Hot Chili Peppers) & Kevin Kane (Grapes of Wrath) & are working on #5. Fun Fact: Star Collector has had 17 (!) bass players.

title: User:Starcollectorband/sandbox


text:
User:Lpahern/sandbox

2017
A team from the University of Houston led by Cunjiang Yu developed a stretchable electronic skin. The flexible semiconductor functions by determining temperature, pressure, and strain using a silicon-based polymer called polydimethylsiloxane and tiny nanowires.

title: User:Lpahern/sandbox


text:
Talk:Olympiodorus the Younger

Comments
Could someone please make a notation of how this Olympiodorus (out of at least four writers by that name) became called "The Younger"? There is a Christian writer of the same century by this name. There is an alchemical writer (who may be earlier), and there is an earlier historian by this name. Thanks.--Zeusnoos 14:41, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * There are several Olympiodoruses. Olympiodorus the Younger is the philosopher and astrologer and he is the most prominent of the various men named Olympiodorus.  There are plenty of contemporary references, pagan and Christian, to him, and he is always called "the Younger Olympiodorus" or O. the Younger."  He is identified, for example, in a short article in the Encyclopaedia Britannica called "Olympiodorus the Younger":  http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9057064.

 * There are articles on him in many such reference works, (a Google search also finds an Encarta article) and he is always called "The Younger." He is called this because "Olympiodorus the Elder" was also a famous philosopher who taught in Alexandria, in the 5th century. (There is no Wiki article on this man.)  He was most well-known for being the teacher of Proclus.  It is because of his existence that Olympiodorus of THIS article was called "the Younger."

 * The alchemist you refer to is Olympiodorus of Thebes who was actually a contemporary of O. the ELDER, in the 5th c., and there is a Wiki article on him. At least, there is a treatise on alchemy extant which is generally attributed to him.  He is best-known as a historical writer.

 * There is some confusion about yet another Aristotelian Olympiodorus who lived in Alexandria in the same century as O. the Younger. In fact, he may be the same man, but we'll probably never know.

 * By the way there IS a disambiguation page for Olympiodorus.

 * As for a Christian Olympiodorus, well you got me there. I don't know of him, although he may well have existed.  But we have to be careful not to confuse him with O. the Elder, O. the Younger or O. of Thebes, since, absolutely, none of these guys was Christian.  The 6th c. O. were persecuted by the Christians in the purges of Alexandria.

 * (For information on the several Olympiodoruses, also in the Britannica, see: http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/NUM_ORC/OLYMPIODORUS.html )  NaySay 16:37, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 04:20, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Olympiodorus the Younger. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071002064247/http://www.robhand.com/availpub.htm to http://www.robhand.com/availpub.htm

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:14, 17 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Olympiodorus the Younger


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/One Riverside Drive

The result was redirect. There was nearly a consensus to delete. Redirecting and keeping the history allows someone to carry out a merge (the other possible outcome of this debate) if they wish, and consensus at the destination article allows. Petros471 16:30, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

One Riverside Drive
One of a series of articles on buildings in Windsor, Ontario (see Articles for deletion/Solidarity Towers for one that has already been deleted). It is not of any great height or any great architectural importance and seems indistinguishable from thousands of other office buildlings in the world. Indrian 18:22, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment. Article hints at controversy. Maybe part of it could be merged elsewhere? BFD1  18:32, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * If the controversy was important to the Windsor community, then I am sure a place could be found for it in a scetion on urban renewal in that city, however, the building itself does not become notable because of that in my opinion. Indrian 18:37, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable building. Akradecki 19:08, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge with Windsor, Ontario, likely enough information on the building to rate inclusion in the parent article. JYolkowski // talk 21:48, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge with Windsor, Ontario, since it has quite a coloured and controversial past, and is of note for Windsorites. Merge it into Windsor's main article, with a sub-section for its tall buildings?  User:Raccoon Fox • Talk • Stalk''' 00:25, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Delete There are a number of errors in this entry i.e. the building is now fully occupied, it was never intended to be called the Chrysler Building, the original 32 storey drawing was just a proposal, etc. Jc8025 19:39, 14 August 2006 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Santhosh Nair

The result was   redirect to Money Ratnam. Article's subject is found to not be notable. — Coffee //  have a cup  //  beans  // 00:11, 25 February 2015 (UTC)

Santhosh Nair

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Put a prod up but changing it to a AFD-only has directed one film so far, too soon issue here. Wgolf (talk) 04:22, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Delete – per nom, as WP:TOOSOON. There were lots of routine reviews of the movie but very little information about the director. The best source I could find was this, which tells us that he was an assistant director for 13 years. But that's about all. Perhaps later. (Note that this is English sources only. There may be more in other languages.) – Margin1522 (talk) 10:55, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment – The subject's first name was misspelled in the templates (it is Santhosh, not Santosh). I just corrected it. – Margin1522 (talk) 16:19, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless there's more information to make him meet notability standards. VegasCasinoKid (talk) 12:21, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 18:42, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Actors and filmmakers-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 18:42, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.
 * Redirect to Money Ratnam -There are quite sources but enough to help subject meet WP:FILMMAKER or WP:GNG standard at this time. For now redirect it to what they are known for --PER WP:ATD-R, -,, , etc. Anupmehra  - Let's talk!  00:34, 13 February 2015 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Missvain (talk) 05:38, 17 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Constantinian dynasty

The Constantinian dynasty is an informal name for the ruling family of the Roman Empire from Constantius Chlorus (died 306) to the death of Julian in 363. It is named after its most famous member, Constantine the Great, who became the sole ruler of the empire in 324. The dynasty is also called Neo-Flavian because every Constantinian emperor bore the name Flavius, similarly to the rulers of the first Flavian dynasty in the 1st century.

Stemmata
In italics the augusti and the augustae.

 * Constantius I
 * From relationship between Constantius I and Helena
 * Constantine I
 * From marriage between Constantine I and Minervina
 * Crispus
 * From marriage between Constantine I and Fausta
 * Constantina, wife of Hannibalianus and Constantius Gallus
 * Constantine II
 * Constantius II
 * No offspring from marriage between Constantius II and his first wife, daughter of Julius Constantius
 * No offspring from marriage between Constantius II and Eusebia
 * From marriage between Constantius II and Faustina
 * Constantia, wife of Gratian
 * Constans I
 * Helena, wife of Julian
 * From marriage between Constantius Chlorus and Theodora
 * Flavius Dalmatius
 * From marriage between Flavius Dalmatius and unknown wife
 * Flavius Dalmatius
 * Hannibalianus, husband of Constantina
 * Julius Constantius
 * From marriage between Julius Constantius and Galla
 * son, died in the purges of 337
 * daughter, first wife of Constantius II
 * Constantius Gallus
 * No offspring from marriage between Gallus and Constantina
 * From marriage between Julius Constantius and Basilina
 * Julian
 * No offspring from marriage between Julian and Helena, daughter of Constantine I
 * Hannibalianus (must have died before the imperial purges that occurred in 337 because he is not listed among its victims);
 * Anastasia;
 * Flavia Julia Constantia, wife of Licinius
 * Licinius II
 * Eutropia
 * Nepotianus

Family tree
Emperors are shown with a rounded-corner border with their dates as Augusti, names with a thicker border appear in both sections

1: Constantine's parents and half-siblings

2: Constantine's children

Relationship to other tetrarchs
Other rulers of the tetrarchy were related to the Constantinian dynasty:

 * Maximian: adoptive father and stepfather-in-law of Constantius Chlorus, father-in-law of Constantine, stepgrandfather-in-law of Licinius
 * Maxentius: adoptive brother and half-brother-in-law of Constantius Chlorus, brother-in-law of Constantine
 * Licinius: son-in-law of Constantius Chlorus, half-brother-in-law of Constantine

title: Constantinian dynasty


text:
Unilink (disambiguation)

Unilink may refer to:
 * Unilink, a branded bus service
 * Unilink (Stirling bus route), a bus service in Scotland
 * The unilink coupler used in Finland

title: Unilink (disambiguation)


text:
имѣти

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to have
 * 2) to hold
 * 3) to possess

Conjugation
Alternative:

title: имѣти


text:
CKEZ-FM

CKEZ-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 97.9 FM in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. The station airs an classic/active rock format branded as Q97.9. The station is owned by the Stingray Group which also owns sister station CKEC-FM.

History
On May 9, 2012, Hector Broadcasting Company received a licence from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to operate a new English language FM radio station in New Glasgow/Pictou County. The station began broadcasting on September 15, 2014, as Classic Rock 97.9. In November 2017, it was announced that pending approval by the CRTC, this station and its sister CKEC were to be purchased by Newcap Radio, and was included in the sale of Newcap stations to Stingray Group.

On January 15, 2021, the station rebranded as Q97.9, as part of a merger of branding and programming with Halifax sister station CFRQ-FM.

title: CKEZ-FM


text:
Talk:Flower Alley/reformat

Flower Alley, born in Georgetown, Kentucky on May 7, 2002, is an American thoroughbred racehorse. He was bred by George Brunacini at the Bona Terra Farms and is owned by Eugene & Laura Melnyk of Melnyk's Racing Stables.

The colt is a son of Distorted Humor, a Mr. Prospector line sire whose other offspring include dual classic winner and champion Funny Cide. His dam is Princess Olivia by Lycius. Flower Alley was bought by the Melnyks for $165,000 at the 2003 Keeneland September yearling Sale because the colt's dam is named Olivia. The Melnyks have a daughter named Olivia.

At Three (2005)
Flower Alley has won the grade II Jim Dandy Stakes, the grade II Lane's End Stakes, and, on August 27, the grade I Travers Stakes at Saratoga. He is trained by Saratoga's leading trainer, Todd Pletcher, and was ridden in the Travers by top jockey John Velazquez. Flower Alley was a very strong second to Eclipse Award for Horse of the Year winner Saint Liam in the Breeders' Cup Classic on October 30, 2005.

He spent his 2005 winter break in Ocala, Florida at his owner's Winding Oaks Farm, then trained at Churchill Downs for an early summer return to the track.

At four (2006)
Flower Alley, under his Travers Stakes jockey John Velazquez (who skipped his Saturday Belmont mounts to ride the four-year-old), came back to the races as the favorite to win the grade III $150,000 Salvator Mile Stakes at Monmouth Park in Ocean Port, New Jersey on June 24th, 2006. It was a 3 1/4 -length victory as the 1-2 favorite over a difficult track. Out of 11 starts, he has now won 5, placed three times, and showed once. With this latest convincing win in the slop, his earnings are well over $2,500,000.

After the Salvator Mile, Todd Pletcher said, "We'll go to the Whitney Stakes on August 5th now, if everything goes smoothly." Pletcher also plans to run him in Saratoga's G1 Woodward as well as a second try at the Breeder's Cup Classic, run this year at Churchill Downs.

On August 5th 2005, Invasor, an Argentine bred son of Candy Stripes, won the Whitney...by a nose to the surging Sun King. Flower Alley (joint favorite) made a brief run at the leading horses, then faded to come home seventh.

title: Talk:Flower Alley/reformat


text:
List of earthquakes in Pakistan

Pakistan is one of the most seismically active countries in the world, being crossed by several major faults. As a result, earthquakes in Pakistan occur often and are destructive.

Geology
Pakistan geologically overlaps both the Eurasian and Indian tectonic plates. Balochistan, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan provinces lie on the southern edge of the Eurasian Plate on the Iranian Plateau. Sindh, Punjab and Azad Jammu & Kashmir provinces lie on the north-western edge of the Indian plate in South Asia. Hence this region is prone to violent earthquakes, as the two tectonic plates collide.

title: List of earthquakes in Pakistan


text:
Medial pterygoid

Medial pterygoid may refer to:
 * Medial pterygoid muscle
 * Medial pterygoid nerve
 * Medial pterygoid plate

title: Medial pterygoid


text:
Shumilikha

Shumilikha (Шумилиха) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Shumilikhinsky Selsoviet, Rebrikhinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 540 as of 2013. There are 3 streets.

Geography
Shumilikha is located 28 km west of Rebrikha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tulay is the nearest rural locality.

title: Shumilikha


text:
Talk:JavaScript/Resources

2 different introductions
I don't think there should be 2 different introductions based on skill level. I think if worded right one intro could cover both aspects. --Devourer09 02:40, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

2 Different JavaScript Courses
Hmmm.. There seem to be two different JavaScript courses started now, one here and one at Web Design/An Introduction to Programming with Javascript. Is there some way to coordinate the two?

Hampshire2004 14:16, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:JavaScript/Resources


text:
User:JWSchmidt/Blog/13 February 2007

Review Board  User:Xenon previously started a Review Board page at the Wikiversity multi-lingual hub. Today I did some editing of the material started by Xenon. A major remaining task is to edit the Scope of Research page. I would like to provide examples of the types of research activity that have been started here in the English Language Wikiversity during the past six months.

Hopefully the Scope of Research page can be positive in its tone, rather than concerned with types of research that are not wanted. It will probably be useful to link to Portal:Research from the policy page, but I need to take the time to also link to specific research projects that provide good examples.

It would be nice if we could spread the word to the Wikiversity websites in other languages (German, Spanish, French) and get some input from them on the research policies.

The big issue that is being put off for the future is formal peer review of "wiki format publications". Hopefully people such as User:Wvogeler will help get the first "wiki journal" going for Wikiversity. An astronomy journal would fit well with the many astronomy projects started by User:Mu301 in the Observational astronomy area. Wiki Scholar might attract more participants from a wider base.

Xenon started Referees. I have to remember to get back to that after the Beta policies are in line.

title: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/13 February 2007


text:
Ohm

The ohm (symbol: Ω, the uppercase Greek letter omega) is the unit of electrical resistance in the International System of Units (SI). It is named after German physicist Georg Ohm. Various empirically derived standard units for electrical resistance were developed in connection with early telegraphy practice, and the British Association for the Advancement of Science proposed a unit derived from existing units of mass, length and time, and of a convenient scale for practical work as early as 1861.

Following the 2019 redefinition of the SI base units, in which the ampere and the kilogram were redefined in terms of fundamental constants, the ohm is now also defined as an exact value in terms of these constants.

Definition

The ohm is defined as an electrical resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant potential difference of one volt (V), applied to these points, produces in the conductor a current of one ampere (A), the conductor not being the seat of any electromotive force.

 * $$\Omega = \dfrac{\text{V}}{\text{A}} = \dfrac{1}{\text{S}} = \dfrac{\text{W}}{\text{A}^2} = \dfrac{\text{V}^2}{\text{W}} = \dfrac{\text{s}}{\text{F}} = \dfrac{\text{H}}{\text{s}} = \dfrac{\text{Wb}}{\text{C}} = \dfrac{\text{J} {\cdot} \text{s}}{\text{C}^2} = \dfrac{\text{kg} {\cdot} \text{m}^2}{\text{s} {\cdot} \text{C}^2} = \dfrac{\text{J}}{\text{s} {\cdot} \text{A}^2}=\dfrac{\text{kg}{\cdot}\text{m}^2}{\text{s}^3 {\cdot} \text{A}^2}$$

in which the following additional units appear: siemens (S), watt (W), second (s), farad (F), henry (H), weber (Wb), joule (J), coulomb (C), kilogram (kg), and meter (m).

In many cases the resistance of a conductor is approximately constant within a certain range of voltages, temperatures, and other parameters. These are called linear resistors. In other cases resistance varies, such as in the case of the thermistor, which exhibits a strong dependence of its resistance with temperature.

In the US, a double vowel in the prefixed units "kiloohm" and "megaohm" is commonly simplified, producing "kilohm" and "megohm".

In alternating current circuits, electrical impedance is also measured in ohms.

Relation to conductance
The siemens (S) is the SI derived unit of electric conductance and admittance, historically known as the "mho" (ohm spelled backwards, symbol is ℧); it is the reciprocal of the ohm:

Power as a function of resistance
The power dissipated by a resistor may be calculated from its resistance, and the voltage or current involved. The formula is a combination of Ohm's law and Joule's law: $$P=V I =\frac{V^2}{R} = I^2 R,$$

where $P$ is the power, $R$ is the resistance, $V$ is the voltage across the resistor, and $I$ is the current through the resistor.

A linear resistor has a constant resistance value over all applied voltages or currents; many practical resistors are linear over a useful range of currents. Non-linear resistors have a value that may vary depending on the applied voltage (or current). Where alternating current is applied to the circuit (or where the resistance value is a function of time), the relation above is true at any instant, but calculation of average power over an interval of time requires integration of "instantaneous" power over that interval.

Since the ohm belongs to a coherent system of units, when each of these quantities has its corresponding SI unit (watt for $P$, ohm for $R$, volt for $V$ and ampere for $I$, which are related as in ) this formula remains valid numerically when these units are used (and thought of as being cancelled or omitted).

History
The rapid rise of electrotechnology in the last half of the 19th century created a demand for a rational, coherent, consistent, and international system of units for electrical quantities. Telegraphers and other early users of electricity in the 19th century needed a practical standard unit of measurement for resistance. Resistance was often expressed as a multiple of the resistance of a standard length of telegraph wires; different agencies used different bases for a standard, so units were not readily interchangeable. Electrical units so defined were not a coherent system with the units for energy, mass, length, and time, requiring conversion factors to be used in calculations relating energy or power to resistance.

Two different methods of establishing a system of electrical units can be chosen. Various artifacts, such as a length of wire or a standard electrochemical cell, could be specified as producing defined quantities for resistance, voltage, and so on. Alternatively, the electrical units can be related to the mechanical units by defining, for example, a unit of current that gives a specified force between two wires, or a unit of charge that gives a unit of force between two unit charges. This latter method ensures coherence with the units of energy. Defining a unit for resistance that is coherent with units of energy and time in effect also requires defining units for potential and current. It is desirable that one unit of electrical potential will force one unit of electric current through one unit of electrical resistance, doing one unit of work in one unit of time, otherwise, all electrical calculations will require conversion factors.

Since so-called "absolute" units of charge and current are expressed as combinations of units of mass, length, and time, dimensional analysis of the relations between potential, current, and resistance show that resistance is expressed in units of length per time – a velocity. Some early definitions of a unit of resistance, for example, defined a unit resistance as one quadrant of the Earth per second.

The absolute-unit system related magnetic and electrostatic quantities to metric base units of mass, time, and length. These units had the great advantage of simplifying the equations used in the solution of electromagnetic problems, and eliminated conversion factors in calculations about electrical quantities. However, the centimeter–gram–second, CGS, units turned out to have impractical sizes for practical measurements.

Various artifact standards were proposed as the definition of the unit of resistance. In 1860 Werner Siemens (1816–1892) published a suggestion for a reproducible resistance standard in Poggendorff's Annalen der Physik und Chemie. He proposed a column of pure mercury, of one square millimeter cross section, one meter long: Siemens mercury unit. However, this unit was not coherent with other units. One proposal was to devise a unit based on a mercury column that would be coherent – in effect, adjusting the length to make the resistance one ohm. Not all users of units had the resources to carry out metrology experiments to the required precision, so working standards notionally based on the physical definition were required.

In 1861, Latimer Clark (1822–1898) and Sir Charles Bright (1832–1888) presented a paper at the British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting suggesting that standards for electrical units be established and suggesting names for these units derived from eminent philosophers, 'Ohma', 'Farad' and 'Volt'. The BAAS in 1861 appointed a committee including Maxwell and Thomson to report upon standards of electrical resistance. Their objectives were to devise a unit that was of convenient size, part of a complete system for electrical measurements, coherent with the units for energy, stable, reproducible and based on the French metrical system. In the third report of the committee, 1864, the resistance unit is referred to as "B.A. unit, or Ohmad". By 1867 the unit is referred to as simply ohm.

The B.A. ohm was intended to be 109 CGS units but owing to an error in calculations the definition was 1.3% too small. The error was significant for preparation of working standards.

On 21 September 1881 the International Electrical Congress defined a practical unit of ohm for the resistance, based on CGS units, using a mercury column 1 mm2 in cross-section, approximately 104.9 cm in length at 0 °C, similar to the apparatus suggested by Siemens.

A legal ohm, a reproducible standard, was defined by the international conference of electricians at Paris in 1884 as the resistance of a mercury column of specified weight and 106 cm long; this was a compromise value between the B. A. unit (equivalent to 104.7 cm), the Siemens unit (100 cm by definition), and the CGS unit. Although called "legal", this standard was not adopted by any national legislation. The "international" ohm was recommended by unanimous resolution at the International Electrical Congress 1893 in Chicago. The unit was based upon the ohm equal to 109 units of resistance of the C.G.S. system of electromagnetic units. The international ohm is represented by the resistance offered to an unvarying electric current in a mercury column of constant cross-sectional area 106.3 cm long of mass 14.4521 grams and 0 °C. This definition became the basis for the legal definition of the ohm in several countries. In 1908, this definition was adopted by scientific representatives from several countries at the International Conference on Electric Units and Standards in London. The mercury column standard was maintained until the 1948 General Conference on Weights and Measures, at which the ohm was redefined in absolute terms instead of as an artifact standard.

By the end of the 19th century, units were well understood and consistent. Definitions would change with little effect on commercial uses of the units. Advances in metrology allowed definitions to be formulated with a high degree of precision and repeatability.

Realization of standards
The mercury column method of realizing a physical standard ohm turned out to be difficult to reproduce, owing to the effects of non-constant cross section of the glass tubing. Various resistance coils were constructed by the British Association and others, to serve as physical artifact standards for the unit of resistance. The long-term stability and reproducibility of these artifacts was an ongoing field of research, as the effects of temperature, air pressure, humidity, and time on the standards were detected and analyzed.

Artifact standards are still used, but metrology experiments relating accurately dimensioned inductors and capacitors provided a more fundamental basis for the definition of the ohm. Since 1990 the quantum Hall effect has been used to define the ohm with high precision and repeatability. The quantum Hall experiments are used to check the stability of working standards that have convenient values for comparison.

Following the 2019 redefinition of the SI base units, in which the ampere and the kilogram were redefined in terms of fundamental constants, the ohm is now also defined in terms of these constants.

Symbol
The symbol Ω was suggested, because of the similar sound of ohm and omega, by William Henry Preece in 1867. In documents printed before Second World War the unit symbol often consisted of the raised lowercase omega (ω), such that 56 Ω was written as 56ω.

Historically, some document editing software applications have used the Symbol typeface to render the character Ω. Where the font is not supported, the same document may be displayed with a "W" ("10 W" instead of "10 Ω", for instance). As W represents the watt, the SI unit of power, this can lead to confusion, making the use of the correct Unicode code point preferable.

Where the character set is limited to ASCII, the IEEE 260.1 standard recommends using the unit name "ohm" as a symbol instead of Ω.

In the electronics industry it is common to use the character R instead of the Ω symbol, thus, a 10 Ω resistor may be represented as 10R. This is part of the RKM code. It is used in many instances where the value has a decimal place. For example, 5.6 Ω is listed as 5R6, or 2200 Ω is listed as 2K2. This method avoids overlooking the decimal point, which may not be rendered reliably on components or when duplicating documents.

Unicode encodes the symbol as, distinct from Greek omega among letterlike symbols, but it is only included for backward compatibility and the Greek uppercase omega character is preferred. In MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows, the alt code ALT 234 may produce the Ω symbol. In Mac OS, Opt does the same.

title: Ohm


text:
Filmmaking Basics/Animatic/Composting

Very Rough Draft

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="background-color: #ffffa0; border: 1px solid #777777; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 60px;" colspan="2" | Creating the matte painting for the animatic

 * style="width: 70%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |
 * style="width: 70%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Building a movie theater

 * Creating a movie of the storyboards
 * When we film this motion picture, the movie set will be a wall which is 10 feet tall and 40 feet wide with poster on the wall. That is it  That is the entire movie set.

 * The rest of the movie set will be painted. It will be a matte painting... just like the matte painting you created in the matte painting lesson.

 * style="width: 30%; background-color: #ffe; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 200px;" |

How big is the frame?

 * Dolly out
 * For the final shot, you will dolly out and watch the actors leave the theater. You must first determine how big the final image will appear.  If the movie set (the wall) becomes only 1/4 of the final picture, then you must start with a matte painting which is 4 times as large as your movie frame.

 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 50%; background-color: BlanchedAlmond; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" |

Details

 * This is only rough
 * During production, you will see the final wall. For now, we just have a wall that we see in FrameForge 3D Studio.  Therefore, your matte painting need only to be rough.

 * Start with the theater
 * The first element is the theater itself. Extend the wall to make it a full theater.

 * Add animated elements. This can be people walking.  To do this, just have a cut out of a person and then, in your animation program, you simply move the person (without bothering to add any walk cycle, etc.)

 * style="width: 50%; background-color: #ffe; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 200px;" |

Composite

 * Use your editing program
 * In most cases, you can use your editing program to combine the matte painting with the movie set (the wall).

 * Then you must creat the dolly out shot.

 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 100%; background-color: LemonChiffon; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="2" |

The next page

 * Before we can edit the movie together, we need to complete all the elements.

 * [[Image:Crystal Clear action forward.png|24px]]

Contact your instructor

 * Your instructor for this class is Robert Elliott. To email me, you simply  Click Here. [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|24px]]

 * }

title: Filmmaking Basics/Animatic/Composting


text:
TeX/hbadness

Synopsis
\hbadness=[number]

Description
A parameter that tells TeX at what point to report badness errors (i.e. underfull and overfull error). [number] ranges from 0 to 10000.

title: TeX/hbadness


text:
Delichoban

Delichoban (Деличобан; Дәличобан, Dəliçoban) is a rural locality (a selo) in Derbentsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 2,217 as of 2010. The village has an Azerbaijani-majority. There are 30 streets.

Geography
Delichoban is located 26 km northwest of Derbent (the district's administrative centre) by road. Velikent and Padar are the nearest rural localities.

title: Delichoban


text:
User:JWSchmidt/Blog/23 January 2007

Neutral point of view  If Wikiversity is going to be a place for research then we need to deal with "foundation issues". It is probably time to get serious about Disclosures, Scholarly ethics and Review board.

Portals  I continue to work on the portals (master list). In the past five days I have converted 9 portals to the "editable box" format with featured content. These portals still need to be converted to the "editable box" format: Research, Professions, Media, Learning Projects, Learning Materials.

User page cleanup  I have been trying to clean up my user page by off-loading some of the clutter to blog pages.

Wikibooks
Someday I hope to have time to get back to the task of helping build Wikibooks textbooks for biology.
 * Human Physiology
 * Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience/Memory
 * Consciousness Studies
 * Cell_Biology
 * Unsolved problems in biology
 * Neurobiology
 * Need to start Developmental biology

Link to Wikiversity
We need to continue to make links from Wikipedia pages to Wikiversity.
 * Distance education
 * Wikipedia:WikiProject Alternative education
 * Wikipedia:WikiProject Education
 * Also see: User:JWSchmidt/links

Odds and ends
Ideas that need follow-up:
 * "the goals of the community and the goals of the project aren't always in line with one another" - User:Sebmol August 18, 2006
 * I wonder if Wikiversity needs a learning project to educate participants about the Wikiversity project. History of Wikiversity
 * need a quiz covering the project proposal - see User:Rayc/ProposalQuiz
 * On the the Wikiversity student:teacher ratio, "It will always be 1:1, each participant learns, everyone teaches."

title: User:JWSchmidt/Blog/23 January 2007


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/NAJAX

The result of the debate was delete. Johnleemk | Talk 15:48, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

NAJAX
Not notable. Does not meet WP:Software Sleepyhead 18:45, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Catamorphism 03:39, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. --Khoikhoi 04:19, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/NAJAX


text:
User:BrandonPaulino/sandbox

Caboist/Caboism

Caboism belongs to the only Caboist to come, it was form from the Cabo Verdeano who had the conversation with the sun understanding everything

was under possession of soul ascetuation, and is non futurism but is futured for Jiesus formed on spiritual warfare.

We do not believe in the end times, or manifest connotation simple mistake of frequency misrepresentation.

Everyone derives but no one will fall. Blessed to the one Hehwah spiritually situations were unoptimistic ,

we do not believe but know.

We believe everything had its purpose.

We do not worship death but fight for it. The first caboist would not be ascetuated if not knowing Jiesus was African and Latin is an African and Latin derivination.

We never pronounce Jehova. We know He called Hehwah Through the heart intention. If theres enough thinking space theres enough to sleep.

Brandon A. Paulino is only human but saved nature.

Know this.

And a caboist always can through Jiesus.

We believe in some codex, Do whats beneficial

The practice of Ji is useless with over the moon.

Love, be.

Caboism saves Nibiru & Neptar

Caboist stay on land

We live in prayers from grace (hands closed) or "kabo" - for you (hands straight)

The conversation with the sun was abstract meaning done in woodhull hospital in 2016

Doctors and Patients witnessed the first caboist removing a storm twice in 2016 and 2019.

Cabo Yi was founded in 2015, Rei Di Dretu Jeitu

We've acceptedthese passages as messengers

A caboist is the only person that would show you, that the sun cries at the end of the day if or when theres deterioration, but only to that.

We are not ritualistic to Peace.

Mis..

Caboist/Caboism
Caboist/Caboism

Caboism belongs to the only Caboist to come, it was form from the Cabo Verdeano who had the conversation with the sun understanding everything

was under possession of soul ascetuation, and is non futurism but is futured for Jiesus formed on spiritual warfare.

We do not believe in the end times, or manifest connotation simple mistake of frequency misrepresentation.

Everyone derives but no one will fall. Blessed to the one Hehwah spiritually situations were unoptimistic ,

we do not believe but know.

We believe everything had its purpose.

We do not worship death but fight for it. The first caboist would not be ascetuated if not knowing Jiesus was African and Latin is an African and Latin derivination.

We never pronounce Jehova. We know He called Hehwah Through the heart intention. If theres enough thinking space theres enough to sleep.

Brandon A. Paulino is only human but saved nature.

Know this.

And a caboist always can through Jiesus.

We believe in some codex, Do whats beneficial

The practice of Ji is useless with over the moon.

Love, be.

Caboism saves Nibiru & Neptar

Caboist stay on land

We live in prayers from grace (hands closed) or "kabo" - for you (hands straight)

The conversation with the sun was abstract meaning done in woodhull hospital in 2016

Doctors and Patients witnessed the first caboist removing a storm twice in 2016 and 2019.

Cabo Yi was founded in 2015, Rei Di Dretu Jeitu

We've acceptedthese passages as messengers

A caboist is the only person that would show you, that the sun cries at the end of the day if or when theres deterioration, but only to that.

We are not ritualistic to Peace.

Mis..

title: User:BrandonPaulino/sandbox


text:
searingly

Adverb

 * 1) In a burning, blistering, hot manner.
 * 2)  Harshly; mercilessly.
 * a searingly honest appraisal of her career prospects

title: searingly


text:
User:RyanCGregg/sandbox/Denys Cronin

Denys Cronin (born 15 July 1962) is a British former boxer from Senghenydd, Wales.

During his professional career, Cronin had 10 wins, 10 losses, and 1 draw. On 16 January 1990, he was defeated by Chris Eubank via TKO. He also twice faced the Northern Irishman Ray Close.

title: User:RyanCGregg/sandbox/Denys Cronin


text:
American International School of Johannesburg

American International School of Johannesburg (AISJ) is a pre-K to 12 (pre-school to senior high school) American international school system with two campuses in South Africa, in Johannesburg and Pretoria. It was founded in 1982.

The Pretoria campus, which serves pre-K to 8, opened in August 2002. The original Pretoria campus was located close to the U.S. Embassy. In 2010, the school purchased the current Pretoria site.

Its mascot is an eagle.


text:
User:Rakle24

BimmieTheBeaver: The human who destroys all relationships and can ruin any innocence left in a being. Poison of the Earth.

title: User:Rakle24


text:
Mangelia robusticostata

Mangelia robusticostata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

Description
The length of the shell attains 6.3 mm, its diameter 2.5 mm.

(Original description) The shell is ovately fusiform. The color is light brown, whitish at the base of the body whorl and outer lip. It contains 6 whorls with 1½ whorls in the apex. The succeeding whorls form the protoconch, globose, large, smooth. The subsequent whorls are turreted, angulated at the upper part at a short distance from the suture, beneath the angulation, which is rounded, sloping inward, so that they are much narrower at the lower part than at the angle, obliquely costate, and striated by the incremental lines. The ribs are very thick (12 on the penultimate whorl), subacute at their edge, and almost adjacent to one another at their bases, thinner and at times sublamellar at the upper extremities, and very obliquely flexuous from the angle downwards. On the last whorl they gradually become obsolete below the middle. The aperture is small, livid brown within, except near the lip, where it is whitish. The outer lip is thin at the extreme edge, strengthened exteriorly by the last well-developed rib, which is white with a single livid-brown spot a little below the middle. The sinus is scarcely discernible. The columella is smooth, slightly oblique, subrectilinear, covered with a thin callosity which unites at the upper extremity with the termination of the outer lip. The siphonal canal is very short.

The whorls are turreted, with a strongly angular periphery. They show twelve short, oblique ribs. The outer lip is thin at the edge, but thickened externally by one of the ribs. The sinus is scarcely discernible. The color of the shell is yellowish brown, whitish towards the base of the body whorl and outer lip.

Distribution
This marine species was found off Japan.

title: Mangelia robusticostata


text:
Talk:Don Galloway

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title: Talk:Don Galloway


text:
Talk:Mary Scrope

Emerson Additions
It's great that someone has added Kate Emerson's entry on Mary, but she lists no sources as to where she found her information -- therefore it is not really the best source. Now if you emailed her and asked her for the actual sources and then put them in -- it would be okay, but according to Wikipedia guidelines -- this is not a valid source. -- Lady Meg (talk) 05:05, 3 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Ms Emerson states on her website that the purpose of her website is to update her book Wives and Daughters, published in 1984, which is a reliable source. I've included Ms Emerson's statement about her website being an update to a reliable published source whenever I've cited anything from it. NinaGreen (talk) 05:16, 3 September 2013 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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title: Talk:Mary Scrope


text:
Franco Giacobini

Franco Giacobini (5 March 1926 – 27 December 2015) was an Italian actor.

Born in Rome as Francesco Giacobini, he graduated at Accademia Nazionale di Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico in 1948, then started a prolific stage career, working in comedy plays, dramas and revues. Giacobini also appeared in numerous films and TV-works, usually in comedic roles. He was married to actress Angela Goodwin.

Selected filmography

 * Papà diventa mamma (1952) - Il passeggero sul Tram
 * Le marchand de Venise (1953)
 * Ci troviamo in galleria (1953) - Funzionario RAI
 * Via Padova 46 (1953) - The Journalist (uncredited)
 * Caporale di giornata (1958) - The Sailor on the Telephone (uncredited)
 * La cento chilometri (1959) - The Race Walker without His Underpants
 * Uncle Was a Vampire (1959) - Il secondo play boy
 * The Employee (1960) - Rotondi
 * Run with the Devil (1960) - The TV Interviewer (uncredited)
 * The Fascist (1961) - Militare a Rocca Sabina
 * The Orderly (1961)
 * Hercules in the Haunted World (1961) - Telemachus (Telemaco)
 * Cronache del '22 (1961)
 * Erik the Conqueror (1961) - Rustichello
 * A cavallo della tigre (1961) - Medico del carcere
 * The Two Marshals (1961) - Basilio Meneghetti
 * His Women (1961) - The Police Commissioner
 * Il mio amico Benito (1962) - Liberati
 * Crazy Desire (1962) - Alberghetti
 * Totò Diabolicus (1962) - Dottor Santoro
 * La bellezza di Ippolita (1962) - Aurelio
 * Eighteen in the Sun (1962) - Commissar
 * Lo smemorato di Collegno (1962) - Giornalista
 * Le Scorpion (1962)
 * I motorizzati (1962) - Alberto
 * Sherlock Holmes and the Deadly Necklace (1962) - Texas Collector
 * The Shortest Day (1963) - (uncredited)
 * Uno strano tipo (1963) - Journalist
 * Sexy Toto (1963) - Un galeotti
 * The Swindlers (1963) - The Lawyer Ovidio (segment "Società calcistica, La")
 * Gli onorevoli (1963) - De Angelis
 * La ballata dei mariti (1963) - Vicebrigadiere Licata
 * Senza sole né luna (1964)
 * I Kill, You Kill (1965) - Dottore (segment "Una boccata di fumo")
 * Soldati e caporali (1965) - Serg. Pancani
 * Assassination in Rome (1965)
 * Two Sergeants of General Custer (1965) - Cochise
 * Le sedicenni (1965)
 * El Greco (1966) - Francisco
 * Zärtliche Haie (1967) - Fähnrich
 * O.K. Connery (1967) - Juan
 * I 2 vigili (1967) - Romoletto
 * Soldati e capelloni (1967) - Franco - il barbiere
 * Quarta parete (1968)
 * Donne... botte e bersaglieri (1968) - Marshal
 * Don Chisciotte and Sancio Panza (1968) - Don Nicola - barber
 * Sissignore (1968) - Facchetti
 * The Mercenary (1968) - Pepote
 * Chimera (1968) - Sergeant
 * Alibi (1969) - Luca
 * Why Did I Ever Say Yes Twice? (1969) - Roberto
 * Terzo Canale - Avventura a Montecarlo (1970) - Mechanic
 * Mazzabubù... Quante corna stanno quaggiù? (1971) - Boemondo
 * It Can Be Done Amigo (1972) - L'uomo chi mangia la terra
 * Sonny and Jed (1972) - Aparicito
 * Abbasso tutti, viva noi (1974) - Teacher
 * The Student Connection (1974) - Chief Inspector Delon
 * Il gatto mammone (1975) - Priest
 * As of Tomorrow (1976) - Maresciallo delle Carabinieri (uncredited)
 * Three Tigers Against Three Tigers (1977) - Servant of Di Lazzaro
 * Pane, burro e marmellata (1977) - Simona's Husband
 * I'm Getting a Yacht (1980) - Fugitive #1
 * Sing Sing (1983) - Baron Orfeo della Torre (first story)
 * Scrivilo sui muri (2007) - Anziano
 * Il volto di un'altra (2012) - Proprietario del negozio di animali impagliati

title: Franco Giacobini


text:
timón

Etymology
From, alteration of Classical.

Noun

 * 1)   steering apparatus of a ship

Etymology
, alteration of Classical.

Noun

 * 1) rudder
 * 2) tiller
 * 3) helm
 * 4)  steering wheel
 * 5) drawbar
 * 6) plow beam plough-beam
 * 1) plow beam plough-beam

Etymology
From, alteration of Classical.

Noun

 * 1) rudder

title: timón


text:
The Voynich Manuscript/F3v

Transcription, comments, theories, links to do with VMs page f3v to be added here... :-)

Description:
One plant, flush against the bottom and right margins of the page.

 * Root: single long root, consisting of six "telescoping" conical segments, dark painted, with flat light-painted top. Tip of root is bent into a hook and ends with a small round knob.
 * Stem: long, straight, vertical, with a dark "shadow" stripe crudely painted along its length.
 * Branches: none.
 * Leaves: paired, disk shaped with two "tails", two "arms", and a swallowtail-shaped "head", with long outward-curved tips.
 * Stalks: medium length, thin.
 * Flowers: two, very unequal size, growing out of the tip of the stem.
 * Stalks: short, thin, like leaf stalks.
 * Calyx: heavy, swollen, shaped like a sweet potato cut in half, dark painted.
 * Petals: single row, light, semicircular, very small.
 * Core: flat, light-colored, filled with dots; looks like a pepper shaker.

Two paragraphs (with 6.0 and 7.5 lines), both in the top half of the page. The text is left-justified and follows the plant outline on the right.

Comments:
The plant looks quite strange. The telescoping root is hard to explain. The leaf shape is unusual but not impossible. The bloated flower chalices are very strange; they may have been drawn from pressed and dried specimens.

title: The Voynich Manuscript/F3v


text:
Talk:ASD Fersina Perginese

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Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:A.C. Milan which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:06, 18 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:ASD Fersina Perginese


text:
Muaythai at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games

Muaythai at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games was held at the Muay Kickboxing Arena in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan from 17 to 21 September 2017.


text:
Deh-e Darugheh

Deh-e Darugheh (, also Romanized as Deh-e Dārūgheh) is a village in Rivand Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 102, in 27 families.

title: Deh-e Darugheh


text:
Cookbook talk:Soup with Supplì

This module uses text adapted from the Wikipedia article Soup with risotto. The page history from en: is listed below:

* (cur) (last). . 17:54, 7 Jan 2003. . Gianfranco * (cur) (last). . m 08:51, 25 Feb 2002. . Conversion script (Automated conversion)

title: Cookbook talk:Soup with Supplì


text:
Emma Previato

Emma Previato (November 29, 1952 – June 29, 2022) was a professor of mathematics at Boston University. Her research concerned algebraic geometry and partial differential equations.

Career
Previato received her Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1983 under David Mumford. She was a faculty member at Boston University. She was the author or co-author of nearly 100 research articles. She served as editor or co-editor of 6 books, including Dictionary of Applied Math for Engineers and Scientists (2002, CRC Press).

Previato founded Boston University's chapters of the Mathematical Association of America and of the Association for Women in Mathematics.

Awards and honors
In 2003, she received the Mathematical Association of America Northeastern Section's Award for Distinguished College or University Teaching of Mathematics for her work in and out of the classroom, especially her mentoring of students.

In 2012, Previato became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

Personal life
Previato was born in Badia Polesine in 1952. She earned undergraduate and master's degrees from the University of Padua before beginning her PhD at Harvard.

Selected publications

 * Previato, Emma. Hyperelliptic quasiperiodic and soliton solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation]. Duke Mathematical Journal 52 (1985), no. 2, 329–377.
 * Adams, M. R.; Harnad, J.; Previato, E. Isospectral Hamiltonian flows in finite and infinite dimensions. I. Generalized Moser systems and moment maps into loop algebras. Communications in Mathematical Physics 117 (1988), no. 3, 451–500.
 * Eilbeck, J. C.; Enolski, V. Z.; Matsutani, S.; Ônishi, Y.; Previato, E. Abelian functions for trigonal curves of genus three. International Mathematics Research Notices 2008, no. 1, Art. ID rnm 140, 38 pp.

title: Emma Previato


text:
Talk:Josep Trueta

[Untitled]
I have seen a reference to that it was this man who was the primary "alarm bell" regaring the spanish flu, thereby giving the flu its name. I wish I could find that reference.DanielDemaret 13:49, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Catalan is not a nationality
Catalan is not a nationality.There is specified that he was a Catalan nationalist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:51, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

Catalan is not a nationality, but it is absolutely accurate to describe him as a Catalan nationalist. Catalan Nationalism was (and is) the belief that the Catalan People and Catalonia should be a sovereign nation. Crashbrennan (talk) 00:02, 17 July 2018 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Josep Trueta


text:
scoreggiare

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to fart

Etymology 2
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to flog with a leather strap

title: scoreggiare


text:
Gerrit de Ruiter

Gerrit de Ruiter (28 September 1927 – 8 January 2010) was a Dutch field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

title: Gerrit de Ruiter


text:
(300163) 2006 VW139

' (provisional designation ', periodic comet designation ) is a binary active asteroid and main-belt comet from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. The object was discovered by Spacewatch in 2006. Its binary nature was confirmed by the Hubble Space Telescope in September 2016. Both primary and its minor-planet moon are similar in mass and size, making it a true binary system. The components are estimated to measure 1.8 kilometers in diameter, orbiting each other at a wide separation of 104 kilometers every 135 days.

Discovery
was discovered on 15 November 2006, by the Spacewatch survey at Kitt Peak National Observatory near Tucson, Arizona. The possible cometary activity was seen in November 2011 by Pan-STARRS. Both Spacewatch and Pan-STARRS are asteroid survey projects of NASA's Near Earth Object Observations Program. After the Pan-STARRS observations it was also given a comet designation of.

Orbit and classification
is a non-family asteroid of the main-belt's background population. It is both a binary asteroid and a main-belt comet, also known as "active asteroid". It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.4–3.7 AU once every 5 years and 4 months (1,944 days; semi-major axis of 3.05 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.

The body's observation arc begins on September 2000, with a precovery taken by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey at Apache Point Observatory, New Mexico, more than six years prior to its official discovery observation by Spacewatch at Kitt Peak.

First binary main-belt comet
was first observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in December 2011. It was imaged by HST in September 2016, just before it made its closest approach to the Sun and confirmed its binary nature with two asteroids orbiting each other, and revealed ongoing cometary activity. This makes the object the first known binary asteroid that is also classified as a main-belt comet. The binary is thought to be the result of fission of the precursor caused by YORP-driven spinup.

Observations of the HST revealed ongoing activity in this binary system. The combined features of this binary asteroid - wide separation, near-equal component size, high eccentricity orbit, and comet-like activity also make it unique among the few known binary asteroids that have a wide separation.

Diameter, albedo, and mass
has a derived diameter of $1.8$ kilometer. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 3.20 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 16.2. The binary system has an estimated mass between $6.15 kg$ and $16.2$. A single component has a derived mass of $1.8$.

Numbering and naming
This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 12 October 2011 (M.P.C. 76600). As of 2020, it has not been named.

title: (300163) 2006 VW139


text:
Talk:Nobuyuki Hiyama

Pip Bernadotte
Is Hiyama-kun playing Pip for the Hellsing OVA now?

TwilightDog 23:55, 26 May 2007 (UTC)

Career/Person
Something from WIKI. I think it should be added:

演じるキャラ同様、檜山自身も熱血漢らしく「スタジオの温度を3℃上げる」と言われているらしい.

MY ATTEMPT TO translate it using dictionary & translator: Playing a character that is similiar, hiyama like a hotblooded man himself seems to "raise a studio's temperature 3℃". —Preceding unsigned comment added by TwilightDog (talk • contribs) 20:52, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Nobuyuki Hiyama


text:
User:Nangeroni

Nancy is a transgender community activist, writer, and musician. Former executive director of the International Foundation for Gender Education, she is widely known for her incisive writing and inspiring speaking and media appearances, including the landmark A&E piece "Transgender Revolution." She has been involved in the Transgender community since 1990, and became a leading voice in the Transgender Movement with her call for a national challenge to anti-transgender violence and discrimination in 1995.

She is best known, though, for hosting GenderTalk Radio since 1995.

title: User:Nangeroni


text:
Talk:Yasuo Ōtsuka

Spelling
spelling error: greator —This unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs).

 * Thanks, it's been correted now. (^_^) --日本穣 21:15, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Is this article translated from an other language in an other source? Large portions are not even English and the grammar wrong in most of the places. I am afraid to edit it in case I introduce factual errors but IMHO, someone needs to fix the grammar. --m1fcj

title: Talk:Yasuo Ōtsuka


text:
бороться

Etymology
. Composed as if. See. Ultimately, from. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to fight, to wrestle, to struggle, to strive

title: бороться