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Kerak Castle

Kerak Castle (قلعة الكرك) is a large medieval castle located in al-Karak, Jordan. It is one of the largest castles in the Levant. Construction began in the 1140s, under Pagan and Fulk, King of Jerusalem. The Crusaders called it Crac des Moabites or "Karak in Moab", as it is referred to in history books. It was also colloquially referred to as Krak of the Desert.

Crusader period
Pagan the Butler was also Lord of Oultrejordain and Kerak Castle became the centre of his power, replacing the weaker castle of Montreal to the south. Because of its position east of the Dead Sea, Kerak Castle was able to control bedouin herders as well as the trade routes from Damascus to Egypt and Mecca. His successors, his nephew Maurice and Philip of Milly, added towers and protected the north and south sides with two deep rock-cut ditches (the southern ditch also serving as a cistern). The most notable Crusader architectural feature surviving is the north wall, into which are built immense arched halls on two levels. These were used for living quarters and stables, but also served as a fighting gallery overlooking the castle approach and for shelter against missiles from siege engines.

In 1176 Raynald of Châtillon gained possession of Kerak Castle after marrying Stephanie of Milly, the widow of Humphrey III of Toron (and daughter-in-law of Humphrey II of Toron). From Kerak Castle, Raynald harassed the trade camel trains and even attempted an attack on Mecca itself. In 1183 Saladin besieged the castle in response to Raynald's attacks. The siege took place during the marriage of Humphrey IV of Toron and Isabella I of Jerusalem, and Saladin, after some negotiations and with a chivalrous intent, agreed not to target their chamber while his siege machines attacked the rest of the castle. The siege was eventually relieved by Baldwin IV of Jerusalem.

Saladin besieged Kerak again in 1184. Saladin attempted to fill the ditches that prevented siege engines from getting in range of the castle wall. However, just like the first siege of Kerak, Saladin and his men left before a reinforcing crusader army could come to the castle's aid. This siege only lasted four weeks.

The last siege of the 12th century was led by Sa’d Al-Din, Saladin's nephew, in 1188. Unlike the sieges before it, the Muslim army was not under the threat of crusader reinforcements. The year before Saladin had defeated an outnumbered crusader army at the Battle of Hattin and therefore the crusaders could not gather enough troops to reinforce Kerak. The Muslim army cut off supplies to the castle, and Kerak surrendered several months after. When the castle had fallen, it is believed that it was due to lack of arms, not a lack of food. With the fall of Kerak, the Castle of Montreal, which had been replaced as the centre of the lordship by Kerak, surrendered soon afterward.

Ayyubid period
Under the Ayyubid Dynasty, Kerak served as the administration centre for all of the regions of Jordan. When Saladin's brother, al-'Adil was awarded control of the castle, he made it the site of one of his treasuries. Kerak would continue to serve as the home of a royal treasury for the remainder of the Ayyubid Dynasty. During some internal conflict by members of the Ayyubid Dynasty in the 1230s and 40s, Kerak was one of the three princedoms that was able to remain independent. The castle was retaken by the Egyptian Sultan al- Salih Ayyub in 1249. Kerak was so important to the Ayyubids that it is recorded that only the governors of Kerak and Damascus were allowed to carry their official correspondences on red paper.

Under An-Nasir Dawud, much of the defenses of Kerak were expanded and improved in 1244-45. In 1227, the Sultan of Damascus al-Mu'azzam 'Isa, commissioned the construction of a tunnel that ran from the castle into the town.

Mamluk period
By 1263, Kerak was under the rule of the Mamluk Sultan Baybars. In 1263, the Mamluk sultan Baibars enlarged and built a tower on the northwest corner. Under the Mamluks, Kerak continued to remain an important administrative centre. Ibn 'Abd al-Zahir stated that the castle held four ministries: the ministry of the army, the ministry of finance, the ministry of Kerak and the chancery. Due to the castle's importance, it also maintained a significant military force, which under the rule of al-Mughith, contained at least 700 horsemen.

Ottoman period

During the Ottoman Empire, it played an important role due to its strategic location on the crossroads between the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt and the region of Syria.

In 1834, the leaders of the peasants' revolt in Palestine took refuge in Kerak. Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt besieged the castle, and destroyed much of its fortifications in the process.

In 1893, the Ottoman authorities reestablished control over the area by appointing a mutasarrıf (governor) resident in Kerak Castle with a garrison of 1400, including 200 cavalry. Parts of the castle were reused. Some of the destruction that had occurred to the structure was due to locals removing stones containing potassium nitrate ("saltpetre"), which is used to make gunpowder. Medieval historian Paul Deschamps studied Crusader castles in the 1920s. Amongst the important research done by Deschamps, in 1929 he and architect Francois Anus created the first accurate plans of Kerak Castle.

Jordan
On December 18, 2016, the castle was the site of a terrorist attack. Fourteen people were killed and 34 were injured, the majority being Jordanian security forces and local civilians. A Canadian tourist was also killed.

Type and fortification
Kerak Castle is an example of one of the first castles built by the Franks that used a fortified tower structure and is a notable example of Crusader architecture, a mixture of west European, Byzantine, and Arab designs. Many early Frankish castles that predate Kerak were merely towers built along the crusader states during the early years of crusading. In the second half of the twelfth century, the growing Muslim threat made crusaders update their castle design and prioritize defensive elements.

While Kerak Castle is a large and strong castle, its design is less sophisticated than that of concentric crusader castles like Krak des Chevaliers, and its masonry is comparatively crude. Many of its defenses were destroyed and rebuilt during its conquest by the Ayyubids and Mamluks.

Kerak Castle is a prime example of a spur castle, a castle built on top of a mountain to take advantage of the natural topography, as it is built on the southern end of a plateau surrounded on three sides by steep hills. This had the advantage during a siege of concentrating an attack on only one side of the castle, so the defenders could locate most of their manpower there.

The castle also used man-made fortifications, including ditches and thick stone walls. Because Muslim armies started to move with siege weapons such as siege engines, Frankish castles started adapting by building thicker and more solid walls. A "Byzantine ditch", a ditch or moat to keep siege engines at a safer distance, was constructed near the castle. There is another ditch near the town which is much deeper but less wide, to the west of the castle (now almost completely filled-in). It also has a glacis, an artificial slope made of steep, slippery masonry at the base of the walls that hindered attackers in their attempt to climb the walls and kept them exposed for longer to the defenders.

Stonework
The crusaders used rough-shaped volcanic stone to build large walls around the perimeter of the castle. After Sa'd al-Din captured Kerak, the Muslims used limestone from nearby quarries to repair and expand the castle. Both the Muslim and Christian stonework show signs of draft masonry, stone blocks which are smooth on the edges, but the centre portion is left rough and raised.

Towers
The castle walls are strengthened with rectangular projecting towers, pointing to the fact that it was one of the earlier castles constructed by crusaders, it was only later on in the crusades that the transition to round towers in the curtain wall was made to help with visibility. At Kerak, the towers are much closer together than at other castles, theoretically to help with visibility problems. The towers were also placed at regular points along the wall; this is called the Byzantine tower structure—the square towers at Kerak are identical to the ones used by the Byzantine empire.

Chapel
A chapel was built on the east side of the castle, about half-way along the length of the curtain wall.

Present day

While Kerak Castle had historically been used to protect the assets of crusader states in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, today its job is much more mundane. The city bordering on Kerak Castle is home to roughly 170,000 people and is a "lively tourist destination." Many people travel along the ancient King's Highway to stop at Kerak on their way to other tourist sites. in 1985 the World Heritage Committee decided that Kerak should not be an UNESCO site as there were "more representative examples of crusader castles". This is in part because the castle is not in the best condition and there are multiple examples of crusader castles in the Transjordan that are in better repair.

In December 2016, Kerak was the target of a terrorist attack that left 14 dead, including two civilians and a Canadian citizen. It is said that after clashing with police, the terrorists withdrew into the castle and held civilian hostages. There are not many references to Kerak Castle in popular-culture today, however it did play a large role in the 2005 film Kingdom of Heaven.

The nearby Al Karak Archaeology Museum introduces the local history and archaeology of the region around Kerak Castle – the land of Moab – from prehistory until the Islamic era. The history of Crusaders and Muslims at Kerak Castle and town is introduced in detail. Originally located in the castle's Lower Court, the museum moved in 2019 to an historic Ottoman building just outside the castle and facing the main castle wall.

title: Kerak Castle


text:
recuperative

Adjective

 * 1) In the way of recuperation.
 * Obtaining recuperative rest is aided by quiet, not by having ambulance sirens go by every five minutes.

Noun

 * 1) Any remedy that aids recuperation.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: recuperative


text:
West London Wildcats

The West London Wildcats is an Australian rules football and netball club based in London, England. The club fields teams in each of the three men's AFL London divisions – Premiership, Conference and Social and each of the two women's divisions - Premiership and Conference. The men's reserves team is known as the Shepherds Bush Raiders and wear a green and gold guernsey while the Social team is known as the Ealing Emus and wear a black, red and yellow guernsey. The Wildcats are regarded as the most successful Australian rule football club in Europe and outside of Australia tallying 35 premierships in its club's history.

History
The West London Wildcats were formed in 1990 as a foundation club of the British Australian Rules Football League, now known as the AFL London division of AFL Britain. They have played in a number of BARFL grand finals, finally winning their first premiership in 2000 against arch-rivals, the Wandsworth Demons, the team captained at the time by club stalwart, Chris Schleter. They have since followed this up with premierships in 2004, 2005 and 2006 all against BARFL heavy-weights the Wimbledon Hawks. 2004 saw fullback Rowan Bilkey captain the club. Chris Schleter again captained the premiers in 2005 while in 2006 Ruckman and Barclay Dixon lead his team to the BARFL premiership. The Wildcats stand as the only team to win the BARFL Premiership on three consecutive occasions. In 2004 the team achieved another first in BARFL history by claiming the BARFL 'Grand Slam', winning the Anzac Cup preseason tournament, the Brit Cup and both the Conference and Premier Division Premierships, a feat they repeated in season 2006.

The Wildcats also field a second team, the Shepherds Bush Raiders, in the AFL London Conference competition, and a third side, the Ealing Emus in the AFL London Social division. The Shepherds Bush Raiders have won all but 4 of the 22 Conference premierships since the competition's inception in 2001.

The West London Wildcats celebrated 25 years of existence in 2014. Capping off a fine year by winning the premiership in all 3 grades and securing a berth in the inaugural Champions League tournament held In Amsterdam. They went on to win this title in 2015 and have followed up with victories in 2016, 2017 & 2018. The Wildcats also competed in the Champions League in 2019, and were due to compete in the COVID cancelled 2020 edition. For the first time in Wildcats history, both Men's and Women's teams will compete in the 2023 tournament as champions of London.

In season 2017, the Wildcats had their inaugural women's AFL team playing in the AFL London Conference Women's division, winning the premiership against the Wandsworth Demons. Due to an influx of interest from women wanting to play the great game, in 2018, the club expanded its women's team to two teams and now competes in the Premier and Conference division. In 2022, the Wildcats Women won the club's first premiership division premiership, bouncing back from defeat in the 2021 Grand Final.

In addition to Australian Rules Football, the Wildkittens netball sides play in a number of competitions across London.

Former Brisbane Bears player Rudi Frigo, recruited to the club by Justin "Dogga" Shannon, is probably the Wildcats best known player.

Champions League
2018 Grand Final West London Wildcats 5.4.34 defeated Amsterdam Devils 2.2.14

2017 Grand Final West London Wildcats 5.7.37 defeated Amsterdam Devils 2.2.14

2016 Grand Final West London Wildcats 5.13.43 defeated Manchester Mosquitos 2.1.13

2015 Grand Final West London Wildcats 8.6.54 defeated Rhineland Lions 1.1.7

Finals
2018 Grand Final Premiership Division West London Wildcats 9.6.60 defeated by Wandsworth Demons 8.13.61

Goals: TBC

Best: Cam Linford, Hugh Sandilands, David Rattenbury, Simon Thomas, Rhett Kerr, Robbie Gore

2018 Grand Final Conference Division Shepherds Bush Raiders 7.9.51 defeated Wandsworth Demons 4.5.29

Goals: TBC

Best: Scott Michell, Matthew Ness, Nathan Costley, Kade Rowbotheram, Tom Donnelly, Josh Morrison, Taylor Mckenzie

AFL London GF Best on Ground Award: Nathan Costley

2017 Grand Final Conference Division Shepherds Bush Raiders 7.8.50 defeated Wandsworth Demons 3.5.23

2017 Grand Final Women's conference Division West London Wildcats 4.8.32 defeated Wandsworth Demons 0.1.1

2016 Grand Final Premiership Division West London Wildcats 14.10.94 Defeated Wandsworth Demons 7.1.43

2015 Grand Final Premiership Division West London Wildcats 8.8 (56) Defeated by North London Lions 8.9 (57)

Goals: TBC

Best: TBC

2014 Grand Final Premiership Division West London Wildcats 14.13 (97) Defeated Wandsworth Demons 8.10 (58)

Goals: David Abernethy 5, Matt Abraham 2, Todd Pfeiffer 2, Brad Collins, Keith Della-Vedova, James Ford, Clint Johnson, Brad Wedgwood

Best: Brad Wedgwood, David Abernethy, Sam Wood, Billy Oswell, Matt Shannon

AFL London GF Best on Ground Award: Brad Wedgwood

2014 Grand Final Conference Division Shepherds Bush Raiders 14.9 (93) Defeated Clapham Demons 2.4 (16)

Goals: David Emerson 4, Kevin Upton 3, Evan Scicluna 2, Nathan Costley 2, Tom Gillard, Nick Graham-Bowman, Dave Little

Best: Ben McCrorey, David Emerson, Nathan Costley, Dan Jeffreys, Adrian Brown, Evan Scicluna

AFL London GF Best on Ground Award: Nathan Costley

2014 Grand Social Premiership Division Ealing Emus 4.7 (31) Defeated South London Demons 4.6 (30)

Goals: Andrew Mann 2, Brad Tinker, Froggy Triplett

Best: Sean Fenney, Scott Fedrici, Brad Tinker, Markus Rees, Sam Furber

2013 Grand Final Premiership Division West London Wildcats 10.10 (70) Defeated North London Lions 9.6 (60)

2013 Grand Final Conference Division Shepherds Bush Raiders 9.5 (59) Defeated Regents Park Lions 5.12 (42)

2012 Grand Final Conference Division Shepherds Bush Raiders 11.11 (77) Defeated Regents Park Lions 12.3 (75)

2011 Grand Final Premiership Division West London Wildcats 13.1(89) Defeated Wandsworth Demons 8.9 (57)

2011 Grand Final Conference Division Shepherds Bush Raiders 17.4 (106) Defeated Clapham Demons 9.13 (67)

2010 Grand Final Conference Division Shepherds Bush Raiders 12.9 (81) def Clapham Demons 7.3 (45)

2010 Grand Social Premiership Division Ealing Emus 7.1 (43) def South London Demons 2.5 (17)

2009 Grand Final Premiership Division

2009 Grand Final Conference Division

2009 Grand Social Premiership Division

2008 Grand Final Premiership Division West London Wildcats 13.8 (86) defeated Putney Magpies 4.3 (27)

Best: Justin 'Maca' McCallion, Ross 'Rosco' Dillon, Leigh 'Burki' Burke, Warrick 'Bloodnut' Fenner, Damien 'Sticky' Lyon, Eoin O'Connor, Xavier 'XMan' McKinnon, Barry 'Baz' Malone

Goals: Leigh Burke, Eoin O'Connor 3, Justin McCallion 2, Sam Miles 1 (others TBC)

Norm Smith Medal: Justin 'Maca' McCallion

2008 Grand Final Conference Division Shepherds Bush Raiders 7.12 (54) defeated Clapham Demons 6.11 (47)

Best: Kade 'Giggz' Nichols, Matty Barr, Pete O'Connel, Marcus 'Willo' Wilson, Shane 'Abbo' Albon, Paul 'Chopper' Donahoo

Goals: Marcus 'Willo' Wilson 3, Kade Nichols 3, Paul Donahoo 1

2008 Grand Final Social Division Ealing Emus 18.17 (125) defeated Nottingham Scorpions 1.5 (11)

Best: Al Carlson, Lucas 'Doof' Cullen, Darryl 'Daz' Dissisto, Pete Kasby, Matt Neville, Ryan 'Rhino' Lapish, John Houston, Simon 'Simmo' Berry

Goals: Al Carlson 4, Wes White 3, Casey Ratcliffe, Ryan 'Rhino' Lapish 2, Darryl 'Daz' Dissisto, Lucas 'Doof' Cullen, Jeremy 'Jez' Lanberg, Paul 'Cutts' Cutler 1 (others TBC)

Norm Smith Medal: Doof

International Tour Matches
The Wildcats have played a number of pre-season tour matches across Europe.

 * 2022 Dragon Cup Winners - Men's and Women's Divisions
 * 2022 Gallia Cup Runner's Up
 * 2022 Leprechaun Cup Runner's Up
 * 2015 - 2018 AFL Europe Champions League Premiers
 * 2011 West London d Copenhagen Barracudas
 * 2010 West London d Paris Cockerels
 * 5 April 2008 West London 60 d Copenhagen Barracudas 25
 * April 2007 West London vs Croatia
 * 7 April 2006 West London vs Barcelona Stars
 * 9 April 2005 West London 163 d Stockholm Dynamite 51

title: West London Wildcats


text:
Talk:Salesianum School

Trivia
I strongly contend that the Trivia section should be put back up. - Schrandit 19:12, 19 March 2006 (EST)
 * And it can stay, as long as it only contains verifiable and encyclopedic material. The addition of unverifiable material is against Wikipedia policy.  Please do not continue adding this.  Thank you. Fightindaman 00:58, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I only partially agree with Fightindaman. The trivia section should not stay or be reintroduced, regardless of how verifiable it is.  If there is verifiable encyclopedic material, it should be worked into the body of the article or one of its sections. HokieRNB 13:56, 27 June 2007 (UTC)
 * But what does it mean to be encyclopedic in our context? In the context of a properly marked section I feel these little bits of information can only help give the reader a better understanding of a school's enviroment.  Take a look at Yale; its not terribly important to know that at graduation seniors smash clay pipes but it doesn't detract from the more serious parts of the page and is fun to know.  I think the trivia section should stay. - Schrandit 07:51, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

Flo Danko worked at Salesianum from 1965 to 1992 and is remembered as "the french fry lady"

Would it fall into the category of "trivia" to note the heavy history of sexual abuse of students by faculty? Does it obviate "trivia" to delete mention of the most recent graduate to attain notoriety, Paul Cianci.

Burying the truth cannot be justified, and that anyway Wikipedia is not a medium for doing so.

This article is not lacking in trivia. It is lacking in principal facts.Macdust (talk) 00:41, 15 November 2013 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 10:33, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Clubs
Zombie club? - Schrandit (talk) 01:03, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

This article omits a long and significant past problem of sexual abuse.
The school's own website acknowledges a longstanding problem of sexual of abuse of students by faculty. This acknowledgement appears to have been made under the force of a legal settlement. Students were violated and the violations were kept secret. These facts deserve at least as much attention as the athletic achievements of school and its graduates. Macdust (talk) 14:10, 2 November 2013 (UTC)

 * Right now,this information is in the lede and reads awkwardly as it does not mention the school. Should be rewritten and placed in a separate section, perhaps under history.Wkharrisjr (talk) 14:54, 20 November 2013 (UTC)
 * The current verbiage was cut and pasted from the official statement in the hope of minimizing the hazard of misstatement, although there is a hazard even in selecting which clauses to use. But the passage does read awkwardly and not just because it does not mention the school.

 * This entry appears to tended by editors better suited than I to find acceptable phrasing. Perhaps the subject could be opened by first mentioning the regime of precautions currently in practice, and then followed by mentioning the history of abuse that motivated these precautions.

 * As for the location of the information, do move it if you think it historical, not essential. To some researchers it will be most important, so it has to be in the article. --Macdust (talk) 20:32, 20 November 2013 (UTC)

 * You seem to be familiar enough with the subject, so take a stab at it, keeping in mind that this is an emotional topic and must be carefully edited to remain neutral.Wkharrisjr (talk) 21:22, 20 November 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Salesianum School. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090325092326/http://www.css-msa.org:80/search.php? to http://www.css-msa.org/search.php/

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 16:36, 10 January 2016 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 15:06, 13 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Reeder Penn State.jpg

Notable alumni
You have re-added unnotable people to the list of Notable alumni. If a user is notable, they should have a Wikipedia article. Of course, this means there will be some notable people without a Wikipedia article, but this is rarely the case. According to WP:BASIC, criteria for being notable is as follows: (A) multiple published (B) secondary sources that are (1) reliable, (2) intellectually independent of each other, and (3) independent of the subject. Based on sources given in the article:

Miguel A. Bezos: No sources, also I would argue that if an article isn't made on Jeff Bezos' dad, it's safe to assume he's not notable, as one would have been made by now

John M. Byrne: Both sources provided are related to the person

William M. Duffy: Facebook post

James V. Fiorelli: One reliable source, one source that seems unreliable

Will Fetters: Two reliable sources, one with very little information

David J. Kelly: Two reliable sources, one with very little information

Albert "Jim" Madora: One source that seems unreliable

Edward J. Scully: Two reliable sources

Thomas Turcol: One dead link, one reliable source with very little information

Note, in WP:BASIC, it also says that sources without substantial coverage are generally considered more insufficient than a source with substantial coverage. I argue this would apply to Will Fetters, David Kelly, and Thomas Turcol.

As for now, I will delete the names with an apparent lack of citations, particularly Miguel Bezos, John Byrne, William Duffy, and Albert Madora. Ones I am not deleting are James Fiorelli, Will Fetters, David Kelly, Edward Scully, and Thomas Turcol. Please respond so we can discuss the inclusion of these people, or about the deleted people if you find an adequate amount of citations on them. The GEICO gecko (talk) 00:11, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Salesianum School


text:
User:Divyansupal

Divyansu pal is former scientist from India since January 2015. He invented a instrument in january in 2015 at international conference at greater noida uttar pradesh India, which is used to raining at any time any where  we want. He is from new delhi India .he pursuing B.tech in civil engineer in graphic era university Dehradun UTTARAKHAND India He became a scientist in age of 19. He wants to join NASA in USA. He is Recently working on lots of projects for India.

title: User:Divyansupal


text:
Nora Barlow

Emma Nora Barlow, Lady Barlow (née Darwin; 22 December 1885 – 29 May 1989), was a British botanist and geneticist. The granddaughter of the British naturalist Charles Darwin, Barlow began her academic career studying botany at Cambridge under Frederick Blackman, and continued her studies in the new field of genetics under William Bateson from 1904 to 1906. Her primary research focus when working with Bateson was the phenomenon of herostylism within the primrose family. In later life she was one of the first Darwinian scholars, and founder of the Darwin Industry of scholarly research into her grandfather's life and discoveries. She lived to 103.

Personal life
Nora, as she was known, was the daughter of the civil engineer Sir Horace Darwin and his wife The Hon. Ida, Lady Darwin (née Farrer), daughter of Thomas Farrer, 1st Baron Farrer. Her elder brother Erasmus was killed during the Second Battle of Ypres in 1915; She also had a sister, Ruth Darwin.

In 1911 she married Alan Barlow, son of the Royal Physician Sir Thomas Barlow. They had six children:

 * Joan Helen Barlow (1912–1954)
 * Sir Thomas Erasmus Barlow, 3rd Baronet. (1914–2003), naval officer.
 * Erasmus Darwin Barlow (1915–2005)
 * Andrew Dalmahoy Barlow (1916–2006)
 * Hilda Horatia Barlow (1919–2017) married psychoanalyst John Hunter Padel; their daughter is the poet Ruth Padel.
 * Horace Basil Barlow (1921–2020)

Additionally, she temporarily cared for her cousin Gwen Raverat's daughters Elisabeth and Sophie during Gwen's breakdown after the death of her husband Jacques Raverat. She became Lady Barlow after her husband was knighted in 1938.

She was widowed in 1968. Cambridge University Library has a painting of her in old age by her daughter-in-law Yvonne Barlow.

Scientific research
She worked as a research assistant at the John Innes Institute from 1905, and studied plant genetics under William Bateson at Cambridge in 1906, a centre for pioneering genetics research, and was an active member of the Cambridge University Genetics Society. She published papers on her study of the primrose flower in 1913 and 1923 which drew on her grandfather's The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species.

She did not publish any further work after her marriage, but she continued her study in genetics throughout her family life. She carried out controlled cross pollinations, including in aquilegia. She visited the John Innes Institute every summer to observe the plants that had grown there.

She was among the founders of the Genetics Society in 1919, and regularly attended its meetings, maintaining contact with friends including Ronald Fisher.

Darwin's editor
Her first book as editor was a new edition of The Voyage of the Beagle (1933).

She published an unexpurgated version of The Autobiography of Charles Darwin, which had previously had personal and religious material removed by his son, Francis. She also edited several collections of letters and notes, including correspondence between Darwin and John Stevens Henslow, his mentor.

Legacy
The Columbine flower cultivar Aquilegia "Nora Barlow" is named after her.

Nora Barlow appears as a supporting character in Scott Westerfeld's 2009 young adult steampunk novels Leviathan, Behemoth, and Goliath. In Westerfeld's alternate history series, Barlow is re-imagined as a prominent genetic engineer and diplomat.

title: Nora Barlow


text:
Chris Gutiérrez

Chris Gutiérrez (born April 22, 1991) is an American professional mixed martial artist who currently competes in the Bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).

Background
Gutiérrez is an American born to a Guatemalan mother and a Colombian father. He started training in mixed martial arts in Greenville, Texas under Chop Shop MMA trained by Robert Stucker at the age of 16 and competed in his first professional fight two years later.

Early career
Gutiérrez started fighting MMA professionally in 2013. He has fought under numerous organizations, notably World Series of Fighting and Legacy Fighting Alliance.

Ultimate Fighting Championship
Gutiérrez made his UFC debut on  November 30, 2018, at The Ultimate Fighter 28 Finale against Raoni Barcelos. He lost the fight via a submission.

Gutiérrez's second fight came on March 23, 2019, facing Ryan MacDonald, at UFC Fight Night: Thompson vs. Pettis. He won the fight via unanimous decision.

Gutiérrez faced Geraldo de Freitas on August 10, 2019, at UFC Fight Night: Shevchenko vs. Carmouche 2. He won the fight via a split decision.

Gutiérrez faced Vince Morales on May 30, 2020, at UFC on ESPN: Woodley vs. Burns. Utilising high volume of leg kicks, he won the fight via technical knockout in round two.

Gutiérrez was expected to face Luke Sanders on August 1, 2020, at UFC Fight Night: Brunson vs. Shahbazyan. However, Sanders was removed from the bout in mid-July for undisclosed reasons and replaced by promotional newcomer Cody Durden. The fight ended in a draw.

Gutiérrez faced Andre Ewell on February 13, 2021, at UFC 258. He won the fight via unanimous decision.

Gutiérrez faced Felipe Colares on October 9, 2021, at UFC Fight Night 194. He won the fight via split decision.

Gutiérrez, as a replacement for Montel Jackson, faced Danaa Batgerel on March 26, 2022, at UFC on ESPN 33. He won the fight via spinning backfist TKO in the second round. The win also earned Gutiérrez his first Performance of the Night award.

Gutiérrez faced Frankie Edgar on November 12, 2022, at UFC 281. He won the bout after knocking out Edgar with a knee in the first round.

Gutiérrez faced Pedro Munhoz on April 15, 2023, at UFC on ESPN 44. He lost the fight by unanimous decision.

Gutiérrez was scheduled to face Montel Jackson on October 7, 2023, at UFC Fight Night 229. However, Jackson withdrew from the bout for undisclosed reasons, and was replaced by Alateng Heili on four days notice, with the pairing taking place one week later at UFC Fight Night 230. He won the fight via unanimous decision.

Replacing injured Petr Yan, Gutiérrez was scheduled to headline UFC Fight Night 233 against Song Yadong on December 9, 2023. He lost the fight via unanimous decision.

Gutiérrez was scheduled to face Javid Basharat on August 3, 2024 at UFC on ABC 7. However, the bout was moved one week later to August 10th at UFC Fight Night 242.

Personal life
Gutiérrez has a son from his previous relationship.

Mixed martial arts

 * Ultimate Fighting Championship
 * Performance of the Night (One time) vs. Danaa Batgerel
 * Sugar Creek Showdown
 * SCS Bantamweight Championship (One time)
 * One successful title defense
 * World Fighting Championships
 * WFC Bantamweight Championship (One time)

title: Chris Gutiérrez


text:
mætur

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) notable, valuable, mighty, excellent
 * 2) good, nice

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) respected, distinguished

Usage notes

 * Mostly used in the accusative case in the term.

Derived terms

 * , (to prize somebody highly)

title: mætur


text:
Draft:Original research/Classical mechanics

In physics relating to or based upon concepts and theories that preceded the theories of relativity and quantum mechanics; such as Newtonian physics are called classical. Usually, in other fields, classical refers to the classical history period which dates from around 2,000 to 1,000 b2k.

Introduction
Classical mechanics is the study of everyday forces which we come in contact with. The goal of classical physics is to be able to describe perfectly any and all kinds of motion. From this it would follow that if you knew only part of the motion of an object, then you could determine each other part of the motion.

Theoretical classical mechanics
Def. an "[amount of] intervening space between two points, usually geographical points, usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line" is called a distance.

Def. the "inevitable progression into the future with the passing of present events into the past" or the "inevitable passing of events from future to present then past" is called time.

Def. the "quantity of matter which a body contains, irrespective of its bulk or volume" or a "quantity of matter cohering together so as to make one body, or an aggregation of particles or things which collectively make one body or quantity" is called a mass.

Def. the "rate of motion or action, specifically the magnitude of the velocity; the rate distance is traversed in a given time" is called the speed.

Positions
In pre-Einstein relativity (known as Galilean relativity), time is considered an absolute, i.e., the time interval that is observed to elapse between any given pair of events is the same for all observers.

In addition to relying on absolute time, classical mechanics assumes Euclidean geometry for the structure of space.

Motions
Essentially, motion boils down to where an object is, how fast it is going, and how fast it is changing how fast it is going.

In strict physical terms, these quantities are:

Position: the location of an object (generally from its centre of gravity) in relation to all other objects in a system.

Velocity: the rate at which the position changes.

Acceleration: The rate at which the object's velocity changes.

The units used to describe these quantities are:

 * meter (m): the standard unit for distance in one direction. A meter is about 39 inches, or slightly more the three feet.
 * second (s): the standard unit for time. a second is the time that elapses during 9,192,631,770 vibrations of the cesium 133 atom.

These relate to each other as follows:

Position = x (in meters)

Speeds and velocity
Velocity = change in position (distance d) divided by change in time (t)

 * $$\mathbf{v} = {\mathrm{d}\mathbf{r} \over \mathrm{d}t}\,\!$$.

The velocity of the first object as seen by the second object is
 * $$\mathbf{u}' = \mathbf{u} - \mathbf{v} \, .$$

Similarly, the first object sees the velocity of the second object as
 * $$\mathbf{v'}= \mathbf{v} - \mathbf{u} \, .$$

When both objects are moving in the same direction, this equation can be simplified to
 * $$\mathbf{u}' = ( u - v ) \mathbf{d} \, .$$

Or, by ignoring direction, the difference can be given in terms of speed only:
 * $$u' = u - v \, .$$

Accelerations
Acceleration = change in velocity (v) divided by change in time

 * a = (change in v)/t

for example, if I were to walk in a straight line 10 m, and it took me 5 s to do this, my velocity would be:

 * v = (change in d)/t
 * v = 10 m/5 s
 * v = 2 m/s

my velocity was 2 m/s

In a similar fashion, if you knew my initial velocity to be 2 m/s and after a 20 s stretch, my velocity was 42 m/s, my acceleration would be

 * a = (change in v)/t
 * a = (42 m/s - 2 m/s)/20 s
 * a = (40 m/s)/20 s
 * a = 2 m/s²

my acceleration was 2 m/s²

Reference frames
Consider two reference frames S and S'. For observers in each of the reference frames an event has space-time coordinates of (x,y,z,t) in frame S and ( x', y' , z' , t' ) in frame S'. Assuming time is measured the same in all reference frames, and if we require when, then the relation between the space-time coordinates of the same event observed from the reference frames S' and S, which are moving at a relative velocity of u in the x direction is:
 * $$x' = x - u t \,$$
 * $$y' = y \,$$
 * $$z' = z \,$$
 * $$t' = t \, .$$

Spectra of motions
In physics, there is a distinction between average velocity and instantaneous velocity. Instantaneous velocity is the velocity at a specific point in time, and can be only derived with advanced calculus which may be covered in an advanced section. Average velocity, however, is what we will be dealing with. Average velocity involves the difference between two points in space and the difference in time associated with them. This is different from average speed. Average speed is the distance traveled divided by the time expended. Speed is based on the path an object takes, while velocity is based on the displacement of an object, i.e. the amount of distance it actually covered. for example, if I were to move 10 m to the left, and then 10 m to the right, over the course of 1 s, my path would be 20 m long, but my displacement would be 0 m, because the starting point and ending point were the same. Therefore, my average speed would be 20 m/s, while my velocity would be 0 m/s. The difference is important, because in physics, speed is never used, only velocity. The reason for this is that a physicist is considered an outside observer, and should be able to describe the event perfectly without actually witnessing what occurred. If only two data points are taken, then velocity is the only way to calculate things because no data has been taken in the middle, and no data about the path can be known.

Masses
Long ago, in the 1600's, a man named Isaac Newton established three laws relating to motion, which brought physics out of what was described above to a new level.

His first law was that each object will stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced outside force, and likewise for an object at rest. This established a thing called momentum, which is a property of matter based upon an object's mass and velocity. An object, like a train moving at 10 m/s, will have more momentum than, say, a pea at the same velocity. This means that, in the same amount of time, the train will require more energy to stop than the pea. However, velocity also plays a role, as a 20 m/s train will be harder to stop than a 10 m/s train.

Forces
His second law stated that force equals mass multiplied by acceleration. Derivation of F = ma from Newton's original definition (Force is the rate of change of momentum)

$$ F=\frac{dp}{dt} = \frac{d(mv)}{dt} =m\frac{dv}{dt} + \frac{dm}{dt}v = ma + \frac{dm}{dt}v$$

Then, if mass is kept constant, $$\frac{dm}{dt}=0$$, and $$F=ma \,$$.

Newton's Laws
Classical Mechanics is the study of the motion of particles and systems of particles and of the forces which induce changes in motion. Quantum mechanics and Relativity, developed in the 20th century, were advancements, which corrected classical mechanical errors in motion. However, since classical mechanics is easier to understand and widely applicable to most everyday physical situations it is still quite useful today.

Classical Mechanics were described in detail by Sir Isaac Newton in his two volume Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica in the 17th century, sometimes referred to as Principia or Principia Mathematica. We will begin our study of classical mechanics with Newton's three laws of motion.

1) An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force.  An object in motion will move at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.

This first law was a major advancement in physics, as it was previously assumed that an object in motion on earth would always return to a state of rest unless acted on by a force. We now understand that the force of friction must act upon the object to return it to rest.

2) Force = the change in momentum of a particle (or system of particles) with respect to time.

This law is often portrayed in the simple equation,

$$F=ma$$

which is true when the mass is constant. A derivation of this simpler equation is displayed below.

3) Every action has an equal and opposite action.

This can be displayed by pushing on the wall or firing a gun. When I apply a force to the wall, the wall in turn applies an equal and opposite force on me. When the propellant in a gun is ignited the resulting chamber pressure propels the bullet forward and an equal force pushes the gun backward, providing the kickback force.


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User:RAL1981Adelaide

About RAL1981Adelaide

RAL1981Adelaide is a Wikipedia editor. He is a male that grew up in Adelaide and was born in the year of 1981. His name is Robin Lewis. So far RAL1981Adelaide helped with the edit the Wikipedia article's of Tropfest, Jack Thompson (Actor), Telly Savalas, Amy Lee, Hackham Railway Station, Catherine, Duchess Of Cambridge, Hackham West, South Australia, Noarlunga Centre, South Australia, Huntfield Heights, South Australia and Seaford Railway Station, Adelaide. RAL1981Adelaide also has his own YouTube page that started out under the user page of robinalexlewis. However RAL1981Adelaide still use that YouTube page. It has been re branded as My Urban Exploration. Oh, and, he is a rocker, he is a roller, he is a rock-in roller, the ruler of the wasteland.

title: User:RAL1981Adelaide


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Yellow Kitchen

Yellow Kitchen is a collaboration album between American musician and singer Mark Kozelek of Sun Kil Moon and Sean Yeaton, bassist of Parquet Courts, released on June 30, 2017 by Caldo Verde Records, though available for streaming shortly prior to that. Kozelek and Yeaton met at a Dutch festival in summer 2016, and recorded and self-produced Yellow Kitchen from December 2016 to May 2017 in the United States. Guest appearances on the album include Steve Shelley and Jim White on drums and Holly Throsby and Will Oldham (Bonnie "Prince" Billy) on vocals.

The album develops upon Kozelek's spoken word, stream of consciousness lyrical and vocal approach. Autobiographical in nature, Kozelek comments on his personal life and current affairs among other subjects. The music, largely provided by Yeaton, is experimental and ambient, displaying occasional dissonance as well as influences from minimalism. Different musical directions are explored within individual tracks in addition to across the album. Upon its release in 2017, where it became Kozelek's third album and fourth release overall that year, Yellow Kitchen received both positive and mixed views from professional music critics, with some journalists opining that the recording was one of Kozelek's most abstract releases yet.

Recording
While Mark Kozelek won critical acclaim with his band Sun Kil Moon's sixth album Benji (2014), on his subsequent projects, he moved towards a more esoteric and "almost Knausgårdian [lyrical and vocal] style, including long, detailed, half-sung, half-spoken descriptions of everything that he did and thought in a given span." Kozelek met Parquet Courts bassist and electronic musician Sean Yeaton in summer 2016 at a musical festival in the Netherlands, forming a friendship which led to the recording of Yellow Kitchen, which was recorded between December 2016 and May 2017 in Pennsylvania and California. The duo self-produced the album, while Kozelek wrote and sang the lyrics while Yeaton created the music,

The album features guest appearances from Jim White, ex-Sonic Youth drummer Steve Shelley, Holly Throsby and Will Oldham (Bonnie "Prince" Billy). Shelley plays drums on "No Christmas Like This" while White plays drums on "Daffodils", while vocals are contributed by Throsby on "Time to Destination" and Oldham on "The Reasons I Love You". Yellow Kitchen is Kozelek's fourth release of 2017, following Sun Kil Moon's Common as Light and Love Are Red Valleys of Blood, his solo Night Talks EP, and 30 Seconds to the Decline of Planet Earth, a collaboration between Sun Kil Moon and Jesu.

Music and lyrics
Written and spoken by Kozelek and autobiographical in nature, the lyrics and vocal delivery of Yellow Kitchen develop upon the stream of consciousness, spoken word style of Kozelek's work since Sun Kil Moon's Universal Themes (2015). As with Kozelek's other 2016-2017 releases, his words on the album reflect his concerns with his own aging and health, while touching on subjects such as celebrity deaths, restaurants Kozelek had dined at, films he had watched and why Kozelek's writing style had changed since the 1990s.

Musically, Yellow Kitchen is abstract and cold in tone, as well as more experimental than other Kozelek albums, providing what Paul Simpson for AllMusic described as "a dreamlike, sometimes distant background for Kozelek's autobiographical rants." Yeaton's music on the album is ambient and occasionally discordant, evoking what one reviewer described as a sense of paranoia. The style from the album is said to change between "avant-garde keyboard passage and ragged lo-fi indie rock," especially on "No Christmas Like This". The dark atmosphere of the album matches the album's anxious lyrics, while Dylan Montanari of Spectrum Culture felt the album was cinematic and reminiscent of film techniques.

In the opening song, "Time to Destination", Kozelek speaks harshly of the 2016 United States presidential election and its two leading candidates, Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, while on a flight to Shanghai in October 2016. In addition to disputing current affairs, Kozelek discusses music venues, his own lyrical style, disc jockeys, the music industry, and fans of Kozelek's early band Red House Painters requesting unreleased, 25-year old music from them. Musically, the track is minimalist, taking inspiration from Philip Glass, and features resounding pianos, metallic clanging, oom-pah-styled tuba, and a "metronomic pulse." "No Christmas Like This" concerns itself with "various inanities."

Kozelek recalls his Mardi Gras experiences on "I'm Still in Love with You". which quotes Steve McQueen's character Henri Charrière in Papillon (1973) and features mouth noises and tuneless yelping from Yeaton and an electronic backing. Soundblab compared it to a 1950s "beatnik coffee house performance art open mic night." The fourth wall is broken on "Somebody's Favourite Song", in which Kozelek discusses the writing of the song itself, unsure of what its subject matter is going to be. Kozelek concedes the song will be precisely four minutes in duration, but after a brief silent interlude, the track begins again, with Kozelek continuing to recall conversations he was in.

Considered by critics to be the most accessible track on the album, "The Reasons I Love You" is a sparse love song Kozelek directs at his girlfriend Caroline, its musical accompaniment including a kettle whistle, click track and acoustic guitar riff. The 12-minute "Daffodils" is an electronica track with a beat that has been compared to Kanye West's Yeezus. It is initially piano-driven as Kozelek recalls an open-mic night, but develops into electronic textures as the recollection become more paranoid. According to Spectrum Culture, "[t]he oneiric quality is broken by the redemptive image of photographed daffodils and an exchange between himself and a departed loved one, possibly [Kozelek's ex-girlfriend] Katy, a lingering muse in Kozelek’s songwriting."

Release and reception
Yellow Kitchen was announced on May 2, 2017, initially with the release date of July 4. As a preview of the album, "The Reasons I Love You" was released onto Caldo Verde Records' website on June 19, 2017, the same day the album artwork and track listing were released and the release date of the album was brought forward. The album cover, a pastel yellow square, was designed by Brian Azer. Towards the end of June 2017, the album became available to stream on Sun Kil Moon's website, and Caldo Verde Records released the album shortly afterwards on June 30. On August 3, a music video for "Daffodils" was released, in which Kozelek holds up numerous objects, including novels, albums, world currencies, a postcard, among many other things.

The album received both positive and mixed reviews from music critics, who found it a continuation of Kozelek's recent musical endeavours. Liam Prost of BeatRoute Magazine called the album "required listening for the Mark Kozelek completionist," while also calling it "mostly just a strange distraction, a fun thing to smile about on the bus on your way to serve our corporate overlords." Dylan Montanari of Spectrum Culture rated the album four stars out of five and said that while "[d]etractors find his musical output increasingly narcissistic, but I don’t buy it. I’m writing this on the 200th birthday of Henry David Thoreau, who once said, 'My life has been the poem I would have writ. But I could not both live and utter it.' Maybe no one can, but Mark Kozelek sure comes close."

Paul Simpson of AllMusic rated the album three stars out of five, while also hailing it as an "Album Pick". With its length of 41 minutes, Simpson found the album "short and succinct" compared to Kozelek's other albums of original material, "which might come as a relief to some listeners," and writes that "even though the music is a bit more experimental, the effect is much the same. It's worth a listen if you enjoyed any of those releases, but otherwise it won't change your mind about Kozelek and the direction his music has taken." Woody Delaney of The Student Playlist wrote that, while starkly different to Benji, "the main thing that the record proves is that he is a songwriter who truly walks to his own beat, and while some may consider it a weaker addition to his vast discography, it’s still a noteworthy deep-cut." Earbuddy were more hostile, saying " these results are so pitiful that you wonder if this is all some mean-spirited joke on the listener."

Track listing
All songs written by Mark Kozelek

 * 1) "Time to Destination" – 6:06
 * 2) "No Christmas Like This" – 7:29
 * 3) "I'm Still in Love with You" – 4:49
 * 4) "Somebody's Favourite Song" – 7:25
 * 5) "The Reasons I Love You" – 3:28
 * 6) "Daffodils" – 11:59

Personnel

 * Brian Azer – sleeve design
 * Jim White – drums (track 6)
 * Steve Shelley – drums (track 2)
 * Nathan Winter – mixing, recording
 * Sean Yeaton – music, co-production, recording
 * Mark Kozelek – photography, co-production, lyrics, vocals
 * Adam Cox – recording
 * Charlie Beuter – recording
 * Will Chason – recording
 * Holly Throsby – additional voice (track 1)
 * Will Oldham – additional voice (track 5)

title: Yellow Kitchen


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Talk:The Wonder Years: Trilogy

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title: Talk:The Wonder Years: Trilogy


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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Extraversion

Extraverts are energized by interacting with other people. They can often appear to be outgoing and may be effective in pursuits that involve interacting with other people. Extraverts tend to be sensation-seeking, spontaneous, and gregarious. They may enjoy crowds, noise, and stimulation.

In a conversation, an extravert will tend to talk faster and louder than an introvert and to interrupt more frequently.


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Talk:Radioimmunoassay

== i need more information about this topcs

Untitled
thank u == Would it be helpful to add more history behind the people who invented the radioimmunoassay? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nicholas Quinn (talk • contribs) 14:44, 26 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Radioimmunoassay


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Nature Always Wins

Nature Always Wins is the seventh studio album by English indie rock band Maxïmo Park. It was released on 26 February 2021 and reached number two on the UK Albums Chart, putting it level with Our Earthly Pleasures (2007) as the band's highest-charting album. The album was received positively by music critics, who compared it favourably to the band's early albums.

Composition
The album was produced during the COVID-19 pandemic and was Maxïmo Park's first as a trio, following the departure of keyboardist Lukas Wooller. Wooller had moved to Australia with his wife. The album was produced by Atlanta-based producer Ben H. Allen, who collaborated remotely with the Newcastle upon Tyne-based band during the pandemic.

The track "Why Must a Building Burn" attacks the government response to the Grenfell Tower fire in 2017. The song also references the band's former merchandiser Nick Alexander, who was killed in the Bataclan concert hall attack. Tracks including "Versions of You", "Ardour" and "Baby, Sleep" were inspired by frontman Paul Smith's new responsibilities as a father. "Ardour", a song about parenting, features Pauline Murray of the punk rock band Penetration. Maxïmo Park had long been friends with Murray, having rehearsed in a studio named Polestar that she owns. Smith said that the name of the album came from a line of the final track "Child of the Flatlands", about nature slowly reclaiming the outskirts of a city. He said that recent natural disasters had taught him that humanity is at the mercy of nature.

Commercial performance
After its release, the album topped the UK Albums Chart in its midweek update, at around 1,500 copies more than Alice Cooper's Detroit Stories, while Architects' For Those That Wish to Exist was at number three. By the time the chart was published, Architects beat Maxïmo Park to number one by 550 copies. Nature Always Wins was the band's first top-10 entry since Too Much Information in 2014, and joint with Our Earthly Pleasures (2007) as the band's top-charting album. Nature Always Wins spent no more weeks in the chart. The album did top the UK Independent Albums Chart. It also charted for one week on Germany's GfK Entertainment charts, at number 27.

Critical reception
Review aggregator Metacritic gives Nature Always Wins a score of 80/100 based on ten reviews from music critics, all of which were positive. It is the band's highest-rated album on Metacritic, ahead of debut A Certain Trigger, which averaged 75/100 from 19 professional reviews in 2005.

Heather Phares of AllMusic noted that the album moved away from the political themes of the band's three previous albums, instead having philosophical lyrics about relationships, similar to A Certain Trigger. Damian Jones of NME praised the album, though he found "Why Must a Building Burn" to be "brutal but jarringly upbeat". On No Ripcord, reviewer Juan Egardo Rodríguez considered it to be the band's best album since Quicken the Heart in 2009, and highlighted the track "All of Me", which he compared to "polar opposites" R.E.M. and Europe. Robin Murray of Clash called it Maxïmo Park's best album for a decade, and noted how its political content was less overt than the preceding Risk to Exist (2017).

Personnel
Maxïmo Park
 * Paul Smith – lead vocals, engineering, field recording
 * Duncan Lloyd – bass, guitar, piano, synthesizer, background vocals, engineering, field recording
 * Tom English – drums, percussion, field recording

Additional personnel
 * Ben H. Allen III – production, mixing, bass, guitar, percussion, programming, synthesizer
 * Heba Kadry – mastering
 * Alex Blamire – engineering
 * Annie Leeth – engineering
 * Ben Etter – engineering
 * Robert Whiteley – engineering
 * Tom Etherington – drums, design
 * Em Cole – band photo
 * Laura Lancaster – cover painting
 * John David Lawson – photography, painting photography

title: Nature Always Wins


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Vilhelm

Related terms

 * variants:, ,
 * feminine forms:

Usage notes
Patronymics
 * son of Vilhelm: Vilhelmsson
 * daughter of Vilhelm: Vilhelmsdóttir

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) William of foreign historical persons
 * Vilhelm Valloittaja ― William the Conqueror
 * , usually a middle name (arguably Swedish, not Finnish)

Related terms

 * variants: ,
 * feminine forms:

Etymology
Of origin, cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. First recorded as a given name in Sweden in the 12th century.

Related terms

 * (male given names), ,,,
 * (feminine forms), , , ,
 * (surnames) ,

title: Vilhelm


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gill raker

Noun

 * 1)  A bony, finger-like projection of the gill arch filaments of fish, used for food retention in some species.

title: gill raker


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incursive

Etymology
See, ; compare 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) characterized by incursion; invasive

Translations

 * Bulgarian:, нашественически

title: incursive


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Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Venuanki/Archive

Suspected sockpuppets

 * User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
 * Editor interaction utility

Master starts the article and the next one defends the article and messages at the talk page. SwisterTwister  talk  05:47, 8 September 2017 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
— Berean Hunter   (talk)  15:27, 9 September 2017 (UTC)
 * - Please compare these accounts. Thanks, GABgab 18:36, 8 September 2017 (UTC)
 * - Katietalk 23:01, 8 September 2017 (UTC)
 * ✅ from each other and (oh, joy) from . Does this behavior look like that group to you? I'm on the fence. Katietalk 23:12, 8 September 2017 (UTC)
 * is in with this group either as a meat or a sock as the account is from 2011 (oldest) and working together can be see in this deleted article history and his deleted contribs makes it clear. Katie, is he confirmed to the others here or a meat? Given the ages of the accounts and that this article subject has been on their radar for a few years, I'm inclined to think that it isn't Seth.
 * Ravikrishnam is ✅ to . It's they're related to this group based on geolocation. There's a technical difference I'm not quite comfortable with but there are a lot of devices being used here.  Would you take a look when you get a second?  Katietalk 22:36, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

 * , do you want me to look at the possible connection between the Venuanki/Jsncol/SethMacfarlaneGypsy group and Ravikrishnam/Lakshmipk1? I don't want to recheck a bunch of accounts if that's not what you're looking for. -- Jezebel's Ponyo bons mots 20:42, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I need a set of fresh eyes about the possible connection between Venuanki et.al and SMG, and the possible connection between Venuanki and Ravikrishnam/Lakshmipk1. I'm leaning unlikely about the SMG connection based on Berean Hunter's comment but I don't believe in coincidences much anymore. Katietalk 20:53, 11 September 2017 (UTC)

 * My interpretation of the data pretty much matches Katie's:
 * and are absolutely ✅ to each other.
 * and are ✅ to each other and, based solely on geolocation, are  to Venuanki/Jsncol. If the behaviour doesn't exactly align but there is article(s) overlap it would more likely be WP:MEAT (e.g. a localized paid editing ring).
 * Unless there is a strong behavioural link between Venuanki/Jsncol and SMG, I also think it's they are part of the same group. The ranges where they overlap are so dynamic, and there is a long break between the two sock groups using the ranges. Plus the UAs are as common as mud, so that' not much help.

— Berean Hunter   (talk)  22:46, 13 September 2017 (UTC) — Berean Hunter   (talk)  23:22, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure if this makes anything clearer for you .-- Jezebel's Ponyo bons mots 22:05, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Blocking Venuanki for 72 hours and indeffing Jsncol with tag. I began to list Ravikrishnam as a new sockmaster in a different report, but I believe this is going to be Padmalakshmisx. In this history, there are many socks but they are almost exclusively him (confirmed socks). Ravi places an image and ten minutes later, a confirmed sock drops in a ref. In fact, Ravi's contribs since June center on two articles that are longtime magnets for Padmalakshmisx as can be seen in the Manchu Vishnu article history and the Mohan_Babu article history. Compare to this. Can you confirm to that master or should I go ahead with the new report?
 * While the geolocation matches some of the technical data from the Padma sockfarm, based on behaviour I think it's more likely that this is an editor who has joined in on a geographically related paid editing sockfarm (more MEAT than SOCK). With the myriad IPs and ranges available to them, Padma socks usually fire up new accounts after each SPI and then edit with them mercilessly until blocked. The reviving of the Ravikrishnam account and editing behaviour shows more restraint than I've seen with Padma. -- Jezebel's Ponyo bons mots 22:59, 13 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Hehe, I'll also note the additional extremely strong coincidence that Ravi's confirmed sock above is precisely the name of Padma. Lakshmipk1 ==> Lakshmi, P whereas Padmalakshmisx ==> Padma Lakshmi.
 * With this particular set of paid editing groups I imagine warehouses of computer banks and boxes of burner cells with hundreds of individuals furiously creating and adding promotional content to articles on their clients' non-notable "up and comers" and projects. It's like trying to find 100 similar needles distributed haphazardly amongst 1,000 haystacks on 10 different farms. If you can tie something together via behaviour that CU can't decipher through reams of IP and UA results, please do. The real Padma Lakshmi is fantastic. This group...not so much.-- Jezebel's Ponyo bons mots 23:36, 13 September 2017 (UTC)

— Berean Hunter   (talk)  13:16, 15 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Other accounts moved to their own case and closing this one since it looks like we are done for now.


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List of 2005 box office number-one films in Australia

This is a list of films which placed number-one at the box office in Australia during 2005. Amounts are in Australian dollars. Also included are the positions at the box office other films opened at. Quite a number of these are films from the previous year due to normal Australian film distribution delays. The number a film opens at does not necessarily denote its highest placement at the box office, but is intended as an indication and a guide to what theatrically released films opened and when.


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Dong Bac's trident bat

Dong Bac's trident bat (Aselliscus dongbacanus) is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in northeastern Vietnam. Its type locality is Na Phong cave, Ba Be National Park, Bac Kan Province, Vietnam.

Aselliscus dongbacanus is estimated to have diverged from Aselliscus stoliczkanus during the late Miocene.

title: Dong Bac's trident bat


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LaNada War Jack

LaNada War Jack (born LaNada Vernae Boyer, 1947), also known as LaNada Boyer and LaNada Means, is an American writer and activist. She was the first Native American student admitted to the University of California at Berkeley in 1968. She led the drive to create the Native American Student Organization and became its chair. As a leader of the Third World Strike at UC Berkeley in 1969, she was arrested but succeeded in obtaining approval for the first ethnic studies courses to be included in the university's curricula. A few months later, she became one of the organizers of the Occupation of Alcatraz in 1969. After the occupation, she completed her bachelor's degree at the University of California, Berkeley and went on to study law at Antioch School of Law in Washington, D.C. While in Washington, she participated in the takeover of the Bureau of Indian Affairs office in 1972.

Returning to Idaho in 1974, War Jack (then known as Boyer) was involved in tribal politics and served a two-year term on the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho Tribal Council. In 1979, she moved to Nevada and operated a ranch near Wadsworth, gaining certification in permaculture from the Permaculture Institute at Tagari Garden Farm, near Sisters Creek, Tasmania. Along with her husband, Gus James, a Northern Paiute, she worked on preserving natural resources for American Indian use. When they divorced in the early 1990s, she returned to Idaho and earned a master's degree in public administration and a PhD in political science from Idaho State University. She served for three years as the Executive Director of the Shoshone Bannock Tribes. She has continued her activism on behalf of Native people and is a distinguished professor at Boise State University, teaching Native law and governance courses.

Early life and education
LaNada Vernae Boyer was born in 1947 on the Fort Hall Indian Reservation in Bingham County, Idaho to Olive May (née Burns) and Edward Queep Boyer. Her mother was a veteran of World War II and had worked as a welder in the Vancouver shipyard before returning to the reservation to raise her family. On her maternal side, her grandparents were Edith (née Bartlett), a teacher descended from Teash Ocean, and John Burns, son of the Bannock chief, Tahgee. Her father had also served in the United States Navy in Vancouver and later became a council member and chair of the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho during the termination period. He represented the tribe in their land claims, and testified before the U.S. Congress on civil rights, education, and water rights in the 1960s. In the 1970s, he founded the Shoshone-Bannock Legal Research Project to continue the cultural and civic protection of American Indians. He was descended from war chief Tah mon mah.

Boyer attended school on the reservation and in the American Indian boarding schools system. She was a good student but was frequently expelled and had to change schools because she spoke out about the institutional environment. "Children were beaten for speaking their native language, practicing their culture, and following their own religions". In 1965, because there were no jobs on the reservation, Boyer moved to San Francisco, through the U.S. government relocation program. She married Theodore L. Means, a relative of Russell Means. The couple had two children but divorced in 1967. In January 1968, she enrolled at the University of California at Berkeley, becoming the first Native American student admitted to the institution. Active in student politics, she led the drive to create the campus Native American Student Organization and became its chair.

Student activism (1969–1973)
In January 1969, Means became involved in the Third World Strike, which demanded that the university included histories of communities of color in their curricula to be taught by people of color. It united students from the Afro-American Students Union, the Asian American Political Alliance, the Mexican-American Student Confederation, and the Native American Student Organization. Means was among the students arrested during the protests and suspended for her leadership of the demonstrations, along with Manuel Ruben Delgado and Ysidro Macias. In the 1960s, it was rare for political movements to have women in leadership positions and supporting Means in her authority to lead became a symbol for indigenous feminism. Within three months, the strikes were successful in securing an agreement for launching the first ethnic studies department in the United States at UC Berkeley.

Since the 1969 Occupation of Alcatraz, the island had been a powerful symbol to urban Indians in the San Francisco Bay Area. In 1969, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors granted Lamar Hunt preliminary approval for the commercial development of Alcatraz. Shortly after, in October, the San Francisco Indian Center, the primary meeting place and administrative center for social services for the Bay Area's urban Indians burned. The United Council of the Bay Area proposed Alcatraz as a replacement facility and began plans to take over the island. On November 9, 1969, Means and Richard Oakes led 12 other students to occupy Alcatraz Island overnight. Lacking food and shelter, they left the following day.

Distancing herself from "so called Indian leaders" who were distrusted because of their age and social status in mainstream society, Means urged the student activists to plan a return to the island when John Folster, Adam Fortunate Eagle, and George Woodward were out of town. The students chose November 20, because the leadership were scheduled to be away at a national Indian educational conference. Means, one of the few who remained on the island for the 19-month occupation, brought her 2-year-old son, Deynon and on Sundays would leave to check on her apartment and communicate with her professors. Consciously choosing to bring their families, activists hoped to convey the generational and inter-tribal nature of their quest for indigenous rights. She wrote the grant proposal for $300,000 seeking to create a cultural and university facility on Alcatraz and served in a leadership role throughout the occupation, traveling throughout the United States and speaking to raise support for their cause. She became friends with Jane Fonda, who assisted her in obtaining engagements and television appearances. The Occupation of Alcatraz became a symbol of the struggle of indigenous people to re-establish their identity and led to over 50 other occupations of government facilities.

When the occupation ended, Means completed her education in 1971, graduating with honors in Native American Law & Politics. One of the founding members of the Native American Rights Fund, she served on its executive board for a decade. She relocated to Washington D.C. and enrolled in law school at the Antioch School of Law. In November 1972, she took part (as LaNada Boyer) in the occupation of the offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The activists remained in the building for a week seeking to raise awareness of government failures in providing for American Indians and in treaty violations.

Politics (1976–1990)
Boyer returned to the reservation, and in 1974, ran for a seat on the Shoshone-Bannock Tribal Council. In 1976, she ran again, and was successful in obtaining a seat on the Tribal Council, serving a two-year term. During her time on the Council, the tribe was in a dispute with the Power County Board of Commissioners over zoning rights, hunting and fishing rights, and representation for non-Native residents on the tribal council. Boyer's position was that the reservation was created for tribal members and should remain within the purview of tribal law.

In 1979, Boyer married Alvin Ray "Gus" James, a Paiute involved in the Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation resource rights litigation with the federal government. By the early 1980s, James was living in Nevada and operating a ranch near Wadsworth, where they engaged in permaculture for their organic garden. She earned a Certificate in Permaculture Design in 1985 from the Permaculture Institute at Tagari Garden Farm, near Sisters Creek, Tasmania. She had two more children and assisted Gus in pressing the water rights case regarding the Truckee River. She also served on the Ad Hoc Committee to Protect Indian Water Rights and represented the organization in public meetings regarding proposed legislation. In 1986 the couple circulated a successful petition to reject a proposed bill to compensate the tribe for water use, but which did not contain provisions for adequate lake levels for spawning fish. That year, James also ran on the Democratic ticket for the Nevada Assembly as a representative for District 34 but was defeated.

Later career (1990–present)
James divorced and returned to Idaho. She enrolled in a master's program at Idaho State University, earning her degree in public administration. In 1997, she worked as a congressional fellow in Washington, D.C. Continuing her studies, she graduated with a PhD in political science in 1999, becoming the first member of her tribe to earn a doctorate. James began using her tribal name LaNada War Jack, and served three years as Executive Director of the Shoshone Bannock Tribes. In 2002, War Jack attended the Land Retention Summit in Epes, Alabama, which allowed advocates and activists to share their stories and advice on retaining and managing their lands. She founded a non-profit organization, the Atzlana Foundation, to focus on protecting indigenous rights to air, land, fishing, and water. War Jack has continued her activism and was involved in the Standing Rock protest of 2016, the 50th anniversary celebrations of the Alcatraz Occupation, and protests against the celebration of Columbus Day. In addition to speaking widely on Native rights issues, she has taught Native American History at Creighton University and lectured at her alma mater, UC Berkeley. She is a distinguished professor at Boise State University and teaches Native law and governance courses.

title: LaNada War Jack


text:
Cell Biology/Membranes/Semi-permeability and osmosis

<< Cholesterol | Semi-permeability and Osmosis | Proteins and channels >>

The membranes of cells are a fluid, they are semi-permeable, which means some things can pass through the membrane through osmosis or diffusion. The rate of diffusion will vary depending on the its: size, polarity, charge and concentration on the inside of the membrane versus the concentration on the outside of the membrane. When something is permeable it means that something can spread throughout, like (The perfume is permeating the room.). Here is a list of some molecules and how they relate to passing through the membrane without assistance, in other words, through diffusion:

Hydrophobic Molecules

 * O2 - Oxygen
 * N2 - Nitrogen
 * benzene

Small uncharged Polar Molecules

 * H2O - Water
 * urea
 * glycerol

Large Uncharged Polar Molecules

 * Glucose
 * Sucrose
 * nucletide

Ions

 * H+ - Hydrogen ion
 * Na+ - Sodium ion
 * K+ - Potassium ion
 * Ca2+ - Calcium ion
 * Cl- - Chloride ion

Various substances will pass through the membranes at varying rates through diffusion.


text:
Caracas Military Circle

The Caracas Military Circle is the name of a multipurpose complex whose main structures are located at the end of Los Próceres Avenue on Las Américas Boulevard, Santa Monica in the Libertador Municipality west of the Caracas Metropolitan District which is in the north of the South American country of Venezuela. At present, its structures depend on the Ministry of Defense of Venezuela.

The complex was originally a set of farms called Conejo Blanco (White Rabbit) with a space of 25 hectares. The general idea was raised in 1943 and its construction began in 1950 by the Ministry of Public Works, being inaugurated by the government of General Marcos Pérez Jiménez on December 2, 1953. The design was commissioned by the architect Luis Malaussena who was also in charge of the Paseo La Nacionalidad (Nationality Walk).

For its historical importance, and its sumptuous design it was declared a national historical monument in 1994. It includes a military center and a social center as well as clubs, a theater and a hotel. It is organized as an institute.

In 2014, funding was approved for the construction of a new hotel for the Caracas Military Circle.

title: Caracas Military Circle


text:
User:Bridgetkat/be bold

Being bold is important on Wikipedia. This page was first published in September of 2019. I am currently planning on editing and creating articles that focus on subjects I know about well enough to find subjective sources on them. Once I have become more comfortable with editing Wikipedia articles, I will look for an article involving religion to edit and help expand upon.

title: User:Bridgetkat/be bold


text:
Elisabeth Maier

Elisabeth Maier (née Vathje) (born March 17, 1994, in Calgary, Alberta) is a retired Canadian skeleton racer. In 2008, she was encouraged to try sliding sports by her father, who had shared an airplane trip with members of the Canadian luge team, but as a 14-year-old, she was too young to train bobsleigh, so she tried out for skeleton instead. She used a Bromley sled. Vathje was named one of the three women to represent Canada in skeleton at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang after finishing third in the World Cup season standings for 2017–18. She is married to Austrian bobsleigh driver Benjamin Maier. She retired in 2022 after being left off the Canadian team for the 2021–22 season.

Notable results
Vathje's first international race was on the North American Cup in 2010, at Lake Placid, where she finished 8th. The following season, she finished 16th in her first Junior World Championships and continued to race on the North American circuit, taking her first international gold at Lake Placid in 2013. Vathje was promoted to the Intercontinental Cup during the 2013–14 season, and won a silver medal at her fourth Junior Worlds in Winterberg, Germany, earning her a promotion to the World Cup squad.

In the 2014–15 World Cup season, her first on the top level of international sliding, Vathje had five podium finishes including one gold medal, at Calgary, and three silvers, in Lake Placid, St. Moritz and Igls. She subsequently took home gold at races in Whistler (2016) and Winterberg (2017), as well as several additional podium finishes.

Vathje finished the 2017–18 season with 1470 points, ranking third, her best season in the overall World Cup rankings.

title: Elisabeth Maier


text:
Komar, Altai Krai

Komar (Комар) is a rural locality (a selo) in Belovsky Selsoviet, Altaysky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 193 as of 2013. There are 5 streets.

Geography
Komar is located 30 km south of Altayskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Basargino is the nearest rural locality.

title: Komar, Altai Krai


text:
User:SuperWikiKiwi/sandbox

Superwikikiwi

The most important thing you must do first is i don't know! The most thing u will remember is i don't know! Everything u will do the most important is i don't know! Thank u very much for your arrival and see u soon!

I DON'T KNOW!

title: User:SuperWikiKiwi/sandbox


text:
First of May (1958 film)

First of May (French: Premier mai) is a 1958 French-Italian comedy film directed by Luis Saslavsky and starring Yves Montand, Yves Noël and Nicole Berger.

Cast

 * Yves Montand as Jean Meunier
 * Yves Noël as François Meunier
 * Nicole Berger as Annie Chapois
 * Georges Chamarat as Henri Bousquet
 * Bernadette Lange as Thérèse Meunier
 * Georgette Anys as Mme Tartet
 * Gabrielle Fontan as Mme Lurde
 * Maurice Biraud as Blanchot
 * Paul Demange as Le secrétaire du commissaire
 * Laurent Terzieff as Maurice
 * Gaby Basset as Une infirmière
 * Jacques Berger
 * Simone Berthier as La bru de Bousquet
 * Louis Bugette as Le patron du bistrot
 * Coutan-Lambert as Mme Chapuis
 * Marie Glory as Une infirmière
 * Gina Manès as Une commère
 * Robert Pizani as Saint-Bertin
 * Nicole Riche as Une entraîneuse
 * Alice Sapritch as Une entraîneuse
 * Yvette Sautereau
 * Pierre Sergeol
 * Paul Uny
 * Walter Chiari as Gilbert
 * Aldo Fabrizi as Le vieux camionneur

title: First of May (1958 film)


text:
Chemistry resources

Wikipedia
Chemistry w:Category:Chemistry

Analytical chemistry

 * Cathodic stripping voltammetry

Wikinews
n:Category:Science and technology topics

Wikibooks

 * A-level Chemistry
 * Alchemy
 * Biochemistry
 * Chemical synthesis
 * Computational chemistry
 * Crystallography
 * General Chemistry
 * IB Chemistry
 * Inorganic Chemistry
 * Nanowiki - The opensource handbook of nanoscience
 * Organic Chemistry
 * Physical Chemistry
 * Proteomics
 * VCE Chemistry

Commons
Chemistry

title: Chemistry resources


text:
vestibulum

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1)  A cavity into which, in certain bryozoans, the esophagus and anus open.
 * 2)  The vestibule of the ear.

Etymology
Uncertain. Possibilities include:
 * From.
 * From unattested *vestis ("a feeding") or *vestus ("fed"), from the Proto-Indo-European root.
 * For *verostabulum, from unattested *verus or *verum ("door") (cf. ) and.
 * From
 * From unattested *vestis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wéstis, which is equivalent to Old English
 * From
 * From

Noun

 * 1)  enclosed space between the entrance of a house and the street, forecourt, entrance court
 * 2)  entrance (to anything)
 * 3)  beginning
 * 1)  beginning
 * 1)  beginning
 * 1)  beginning

title: vestibulum


text:
one-two-three

Adverb

 * 1) Quickly.
 * 2) * 1957, J. D. Salinger, "Zooey", in, 1961, Franny and Zooey, 1991 LB Books edition, page 91,
 * ...when the invader just gets up and leaves, one-two-three, like that.

Translations

 * Hebrew: אחת שתים, אחד שתים, צ׳יק צ׳ק
 * Polish: raz-dwa-trzy
 * Yiddish: טשיק טשאַק, איינס צוויי

title: one-two-three


text:
Talk:Patrick Austen

Patrick Austen (P B Austen) worked at The Bank of England
Pat Austen worked at The Bank of England <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:40, 12 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Patrick Austen


text:
Blackpan Manor

Blackpan Manor  (also Bochepon, 11th century; Blakepenne, 13th century) is a manor house in the parish of Brading on the Isle of Wight.

History
Blackpan is entered in Domesday as a small holding of 10 acres held by William son of Azor. It passed to the Lisles, with whom the overlordship remained until the 15th century. Of them it was held at the end of the 13th century by John Fleming, whose widow Hawise held it early in the next century. In 1346 Thomas le Vavasour and Elizabeth de Lisle held this half fee in succession to Hawise Fleming. Before 1428 the manor had been divided between three holders, John Lisle, John Stower and Thomas Middlemarch. It reverted before 1460 to the overlords the Lisles of Wootton, and followed the descent of Shanklin (q.v.) until 1894, when it passed to Miss White, sister of Francis White-Popham. It 1912 it belonged to Mrs. White-Popham, but Capt. Macpherson, R.N., was tenant for life.

title: Blackpan Manor


text:
Talk:Prosper, Texas

The first paragraph under "About Prosper" reads like a press release, including a bad pun. Can someone please edit it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:01, 26 November 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Prosper, Texas


text:
Scooby-Doo! Night of 100 Frights

'Scooby-Doo! Night of 100 Frights' is a 2.5D platform game developed by Heavy Iron Studios and published by THQ for the PlayStation 2, GameCube, and Xbox. The game was released in May 2002 in North America and was released later that year in PAL regions. It was the first Scooby-Doo! video game on sixth-generation consoles. The PlayStation 2 version became a Greatest Hits title in May 2003. The game has a follow-up titled Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem.

The game puts players in the control of Scooby-Doo in a story that revolves around him searching for the rest of the gang around a haunted mansion after they are kidnapped by an eccentric villain. The game has twelve areas, ranging from graveyards and secret labs to fishing villages and haunted mazes.

Gameplay
Night of 100 Frights is primarily a third-person game with action elements. The player controls the title character Scooby-Doo. The primary goal of the game is to hunt for the gang after they go missing at the mysterious Mystic Manor. Scooby has several abilities in the game as well as many inventions he finds on the grounds of the mansion to aid him in his search.

The game's combat system allows the player to run, jump, and perform attacks to fend off enemies that are encountered. Various villains from the first three Scooby-Doo shows are met throughout the game, as well as other minor villains like bats, rats, spiders, and crabs. Scooby's health bar goes down when a villain or enemy scares Scooby, and it can only be restored by various food items that can be obtained throughout the game. Whenever Scooby is scared by a villain, if he bashes and kills the villain instantly afterwards, a food item will be provided on the spot to get his health level back up. Scooby also must locate some keys scattered throughout the game and as the game goes on, the number of keys increase; some levels require a certain number of keys to allow Scooby to progress into other areas of the story.

Easter eggs that players can obtain, called "Monster Tokens", are large collectible tokens that have a picture of a Scooby-Doo! villain on them; when the player collects the token, the villain will be able to be viewed in a room in Mystic Manor known as the Monster Gallery, where trivia about the villain is given. Various gadgets that can aid Scooby – "inventions" created by a character in the game known as The Professor – are also scattered throughout the game's levels. Once obtained, the player can return to previous levels to explore areas that weren't accessible before. There are "warp gates", which, when activated, are machines that teleport Scooby to other activated warp gates throughout the game. The boss fights consist of major Scooby-Doo! villains, such as Redbeard, the Black Knight or the Green Ghost. Various secret passages and trap doors, which act as shortcuts, are scattered throughout the game. Outside levels also have various obstacles, such as moving platforms and mud-slides.

Scooby must also collect Scooby Snacks scattered throughout the game in order to open "Snack Gates" that open many of the game's doors; as the game progresses, the Snack Gates demand more Scooby Snacks. Although it is optional to collect all of the snacks, bonus content is unlocked if the player does so. The voice acting is complemented by sound effects taken straight from the cartoon, including a laugh track that reacts to Scooby's onscreen actions.

There are also Holiday easter eggs programmed into the game. When the game is played on certain days of the year, special decorations will appear in front of the Manor. For instance, on Christmas, it will be snowing, and on Halloween bats appear above the doors and windows. New Year's Day, Saint Patrick's Day, Valentine's Day, and the Fourth of July are other holidays that have special surprises as well.

Setting
In a recreation of the classic Scooby-Doo formula, a ghost/monster is terrorizing the locals of a town, with Scooby and the gang called to solve a mystery. An eccentric villain known as The Mastermind kidnaps the gang, and Scooby must venture through graveyards, lighthouses, and secret passages in an effort to solve the mystery and find his friends. The game is mainly set inside a large mansion known as Mystic Manor. The manor has dozens of rooms and floors, from the secret laboratory in the basement to the haunted attic. The game is set during the late hours of the night. Outside of the Manor, players can explore the vast graveyard section as well as the sea pier section. Each section has its own settings, such as fishing canneries and haunted crypts.

Plot
Daphne's close friend, Holly Graham, has asked the Mystery Inc. crew to help her investigate the disappearance of her uncle, Professor Alexander Graham (Tim Conway), a genius and inventor. The five arrive at the mansion, known as Mystic Manor, where they are greeted by Holly; she recounts how Daphne has told her about their past cases before inviting the group to come inside, but Scooby and Shaggy refuse. Fred, Daphne, and Velma follow Holly inside, leaving Shaggy and Scooby outside alone. When Shaggy goes to obtain a box of Scooby Snacks he notices hanging from a gnarled tree, he pulls on one of the branches and falls into a trap door. Frightened, Scooby explores the grounds and discovers a nearby playground where he collects a monster token, receives some clues for the mystery, and eats all of the Scooby snacks. He then enters the mansion and discovers Holly locked in a room. She explains that a specter called The Mastermind appeared, kidnapping Fred, Daphne, and Velma before imprisoning her, and gives him a map of the region for getting around.

Unable to navigate the rest of the mansion, Scooby returns to the front yard where he speaks with Graham's gardener (Don Knotts), who gives him a shovel. The shovel allows him to obtain a key to the nearby fishing village. Between the Fishing Village and the docks to the ocean, Scooby encounters Shaggy once again, who assists him with unlocking an entrance to the piers of the village before, again, vanishing without a trace. Soon Scooby comes to an old lighthouse, where he acquires one of Graham's inventions: a pair of springs, which allow him to double jump. Scooby uses this ability to obtain a key to the mansion's topiary garden.

Scooby makes his way back to the mansion grounds. He navigates the topiary garden, where he obtains one of the professor's inventions: a helmet, allowing him to destroy attacking monsters and bash through cobwebs. Scooby explores the mansion, making his way through numerous rooms, the library, and the attic, before arriving at the top of a tower. He meets The Mastermind, who reveals that he is responsible for resurrecting the monsters and ghosts the group has unmasked, before revealing Velma trapped in a cage, which is guarded by the Black Knight, the first monster Scooby ever encountered. Scooby is able to destroy him by pressing switches which electrocute him, before freeing Velma from her cage. She flees in terror, claiming to see the Creeper. Scooby does not follow her as he does not see the Creeper anywhere in sight.

Following this, Scooby explores a local cannery, along with the overhangs and some interconnected tunnels under the mansion, which lead him to a nearby cemetery. He rescues Shaggy from some monsters, before discovering Daphne held hostage by The Mastermind. The Mastermind proceeds to summon the Green Ghost, which attacks Scooby with green fire and electricity. Scooby is able to contain the Green Ghost with Daphne's help. Suddenly, Holly emerges from the brush. She and Daphne fall through a concealed door when Daphne rests against a tombstone, leaving Scooby alone once again. He uses a newly acquired invention, an umbrella, to explore a chain of old shipwrecks. Eventually, Scooby discovers Fred imprisoned in one of the ship's brigs, where he is confronted by The Ghost of Redbeard. He attacks Scooby by summoning numerous ghosts, but Scooby is able to smash him by dropping a treasure chest on his head. Velma arrives, still claiming to be chased by the Creeper. Fred discovers an image of the monster stamped on her glasses, and they head off to search for Graham's concealed laboratory. Meanwhile, Scooby and Shaggy indulge themselves with food, but Shaggy is scared off by The Ghost of Captain Cutler. Scooby acquires another of Graham's inventions: bubblegum, which he uses to trap monsters from being able to attack him.

Scooby makes his way back to the overhangs, where he begins navigating the dungeons under the mansion. He encounters numerous ghosts, which he is able to destroy and avoid using his newly acquired inventions: air-bubbles. Scooby eventually discovers Professor Graham's laboratory, which has become overrun with monsters, namely the Funland Robot and the Space Kook. Scooby rescues Shaggy from being eaten by a shark, before continuing onward into another room, where he reunites with the rest of the gang and Holly. Fred reveals that the ghosts are entirely fake: The Mastermind has been using holographic images of monsters and ghosts from their past to terrorize them. He constructs a plan, which calls for Scooby to distract The Mastermind. Scooby fights and defeats The Mastermind, stunning him. He is sucked up through a tube which spits him out in the mansion's parlor.

The gang and Holly make their way back to the first floor of the mansion. They unmask The Mastermind, only to discover Professor Graham in the costume. Velma argues that none of the clues make sense, before holding her glasses up to a mirror. The light reflected off the glasses and mirror reveal Holly operating a control panel behind a holographic wall. They realize the Holly they have been with the entire time has been a hologram when Shaggy attempts to touch her shoulder, but instead falls through her and the real Holly was The Mastermind all along. Holly was able to escape the mansion and swap costumes with an incapacitated Professor Graham, making him look guilty. She was able to reconstruct images of the monsters, due to Daphne previously revealing details about the cases the gang had worked in the past. Holly admits to the scheme as a way of enabling her to take commendation for Graham's new invention and make money off of it, before she is sent to jail. Shaggy attempts to eat some food, only to discover it is a holographic image made by Scooby before saying "Scooby-Dooby-Doo!"

Development and release
Initially planned for a June 2002 release, the game was released on May 22, 2002 initially for the PlayStation 2 (just prior to E3 2002), before being ported to other platforms later.

Reception
Night of 100 Frights was met with "mixed or average" reviews from critics. GameRankings and Metacritic gave it a score of 69.54% and 69 out of 100 for the PlayStation 2 version; 68.14% and 68 out of 100 for the GameCube version;  and 70.83% and 66 out of 100 for the Xbox version. Despite the average reviews, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences nominated the game for "Family Game of the Year" in 2003, which was ultimately awarded to Mario Party 4.

By July 2006, the PlayStation 2 version of Night of 100 Frights had sold 920,000 copies and earned $24 million in the United States. Next Generation ranked it as the 62nd highest-selling game launched for the PlayStation 2, Xbox or GameCube between January 2000 and July 2006 in that country. Combined console sales of Scooby-Doo games released in the 2000s reached 1.8 million units in the United States by July 2006.

title: Scooby-Doo! Night of 100 Frights


text:
þúa

Etymology 1
From. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to thou, to address one's speaker informally by using  (compare )

Verb

 * 1) to rebuke, reprove, to talk angrily to someone

title: þúa


text:
User:Adedeji olakunle

Colby Daniel Lopez (born May 28, 1986) is an American professional wrestler and actor currently signed to WWE under the ring name Seth Rollins, where he performs on the Raw brand and is currently one-half of the brand's Tag Team Champions with Dean Ambrose in his second reign (his second as an individual and first with Ambrose).

After signing with WWE in 2010, he was sent to its developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) where he was the first FCW Grand Slam Champion. After WWE rebranded FCW into NXT, he became the inaugural NXT Champion. Rollins debuted on WWE's main roster in 2012 alongside Roman Reigns and Dean Ambrose as The Shield. Rollins won his first main roster championship while with the group, the previously-named WWE Tag Team Championship, with Reigns.

Following The Shield's breakup, Rollins has gone on to become a two-time WWE World Heavyweight Champion, a one-time United States Champion, a second reign as Raw Tag Team Champion, the 2014 Money in the Bank winner, and the 2015 Superstar of the Year. Rollins has headlined numerous major pay-per-view events for WWE, including WrestleMania 31. Industry veteran Sting, who wrestled his final match against Rollins at Night of Champions on September 20, 2015, described him as the most talented professional wrestler he has ever seen or worked with.

Prior to signing with WWE, Lopez wrestled as Tyler Black for Ring of Honor (ROH), where he held the ROH World Championship once and the ROH World Tag Team Championship twice (with Jimmy Jacobs), as well as the winner of the 2009 Survival of the Fittest tournament. He also wrestled for various independent promotions including Full Impact Pro (FIP), where he was a one-time FIP World Heavyweight Champion, as well as Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG), where he was a one-time PWG World Tag Team Champion (also with Jacobs).

Early life
Lopez was born in Buffalo, Iowa. He is of Armenian, German and Irish descent. His surname, Lopez, comes from his Mexican-American stepfather. As a teenager, Lopez used to be an introvert and was a big fan of rock music, living a straight edge lifestyle. His ring name Rollins is a tribute to former Black Flag singer Henry Rollins. {{cite web|url=http://www.fayobserver.com/living/wwe-smackdown-comes-to-th

title: User:Adedeji olakunle