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Nicholas Mynn

Nicholas Mynn (fl. 1558–1572), of Little Walsingham, Norfolk, was an English politician.

Career
Mynn was a servant of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Bramber in 1558, Horsham in 1559, New Shoreham in 1563, Morpeth in 1571 and Castle Rising in 1572.

By 1560 he had moved to Little Walsingham, and he was in the service of the Duke of Norfolk by 1558, when he was in Rome to negotiate for the dispensation regarding Norfolk's second marriage.

Life
According to History of Parliament and the Visitations of Rutland, Nicholas Mynn was the son of John Mynn of Woodcote, Surrey. Other sources say he was the son of Robert Wynne and a daughter of Lord Rich. But almost certainly he was the son of Nicholas Mynne (d.1528 ), his youngest child, born about 1525–28. The son of John Mynne of Woodcote called Nicholas of Horton was a young man in the 1590s, and his parents could not have married before 1557, when his mother was an unmarried waiting gentlewoman in the household of Anne of Cleves. Nicholas Mynne of Horton, Surrey, gentleman was 12 when he matriculated at Oxford in 1575, so he would have been born in or around 1563.

The earliest one knows for certain of this gentleman is that his career started in 1558.

Family background
The Mynne family tree has been described as a "tangled skein". Some branches can be defined:

The Mynnes of Fransham Parva
In Norfolk, there were three brothers, Nicholas Mynne of Fransham Parva, Norfolk (d.1530), John Mynne of Fransham Little (d.1541/2) and Robert Mynne of East Lexham.

Nicholas Mynne of Fransham Parva
Nicholas Mynne of Fransham Parva in Norfolk (d.1530) had the children:

 * 1) Nicholas Mynne of St. Bartholomew's Close, London and Epsom, Fransham Magna (d.1528) married Joan Merston (d. 31 October 1540), with whom he had five children. After Nicholas Mynne's death in 1528 his widow Joan remarried to become the first wife of William Saunders.
 * 2) * John Mynne of Woodcote (c.1520 –1595 ), eldest son, who married Dorothy Curzon of Croxall in Derby, the half-sister of Joyce Curzon,   Dorothy Curzon was born to Thomas Curzon of Croxall Hall, Staffordshire (formerly Derbyshire) and his second wife Elizabeth Lygon. In 1557 she was serving in Anne of Cleves' household as a waiting gentlewoman, together with her married sister Maud (also known as Magdalen) Tatton. John Mynne of Woodcote (c.1520 –1595 ) and Dorothy Curzon had at least three children:
 * 3) *# Sir William Mynne of Woodcote and of Horton (1561 –1618 ), gentleman, matriculated at New Inn Hall at Oxford in 1575 aged 14, student of Inner Temple 1585. Knighted in the Royal Garden at Whitehall, on 23 July 1603. He married by indenture of 24 October 1594 Margaret, the daughter of Francis Jermy of Brightwell and Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of Sir William FitzWilliam in Ireland, and had:
 * 4) *#* John Mynne, who married Alice, daughter of William Hale. John Mynne sold Woodcote and the manor-house of Horton to his second cousin once removed George Mynne of Lincoln's Inn in London in 1626
 * 5) *#* Elizabeth Mynne, married firstly Sir Henry Berkeley, 1st Baronet of Wymondham, Leicestershire, and secondly Sir Hugh Wyndham.
 * 6) *#* Frances Mynne, married Henry Mytton or Mitton of Westminster and Melton Mowbray in Leicestershire, Member of Parliament
 * 7) *#* Jane Mynne (b.1612 ), married at the age of 19, by license dated 28 July 1631, Thomas Hanson of St. Peter, Cornhill, Citizen and Grocer, Bachelor, 27 of age, at St. Peter the Poore
 * 8) *# Nicholas Mynne of Horton in Surrey (b. 1563 ), gentleman, matriculated at New Inn Hall at Oxford in 1575 aged 12, student of Inner Temple 1585
 * 9) *# John Mynne of Woodcoate and of Horton the younger (b.1565 ), gentleman, matriculated at New Inn Hall at Oxford in 1575 aged 10, student of Inner Temple 1589
 * 10) * William Mynne of Wendling and of London, second son,  married Agatha (bur. at Saint Martin in the Fields on 26 November 1595 ) the daughter of Hugh Malet of Enmore and the widow of John Payne. From her first marriage Agatha had the children Christopher Payne, Nicholas Payne (b.1560 ) and Mary Payne
 * 11) * Francis Mynne of London (d.1592/3 ), 'merchaunt adventurer'
 * 12) * Elizabeth who married Bartholmew Fromonds of Cheam in Surrey, and had issue, among them Jane Dee
 * 13) * Nicholas Mynne of Walsingham, Norfolk, married firstly Katherine Knyvett (d.b.1564 and 1568 ), the daughter of Sir Thomas Knyvett of Buckenham, Norfolk, by his wife Muriel Howard (d.1512), the daughter of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, and Elizabeth Tilney, and the widow of Sir William Fermor (d.1558), Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk in 1540, whom she had married by an indenture of 20 November 1526. Nicholas Mynne of Little Walsingham married secondly on 28 March 1567 Elizabeth (b. 8 February 1547 ), the daughter Sir Robert Drury by his wife Audrey Rich, the daughter of Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich, Lord Chancellor of England, and sister of Sir William Drury, and widow of Thomas de Grey of Merton in Norfolk, whom she had married when he was eleven. Nicholas Mynne and Elizabeth Drury had three sons and three daughters:
 * 14) *# Thomas Mynne of London, who married Anne Lovell of Lincolnshire, and had:
 * 15) *#* Thomas Mynne
 * 16) *#* William Mynne
 * 17) *#* Elizabeth Mynne
 * 18) *#* Rebecca Mynne
 * 19) *# Ann, the wife of Peter Barker of Walsingham in Norfolk
 * 20) *# Frances, the wife of Thomas Hughes of Gray's Inn in London
 * 21) *# Sir Henry Mynne of Whitsundyne in Rutland, Knight, second son, who married Mary, daughter of John Coote of Lopham in Norfolk, and widow of John Barkley of Whitsundyne, and had:
 * 22) *#* Francis Mynne, ob. s.p.
 * 23) *#* Henry Mynne (b.1611)
 * 24) *#* Nicholas Mynne
 * 25) *#* Catherin Mynne
 * 26) *# Christopher Mynne of London, third son, who married the daughter of Wright of London
 * 27) *# Jane, the wife of Thomas Southworth of Gray's Inn
 * 28) John Mynne of Hertingfordbury, Auditor of the Exchequer, Clerk to the Surveyor General and Master of the Woods to Henry VIII (d. 14 December 1542 ), who married Alice Standish, who after his death remarried to Francis Southwell. They had three sons and several daughters. Children of John Mynne and Alice Standish:
 * 29) * Edward Mynne, eldest son and heir (22 June 1534 – 14 July 1551 )
 * 30) * George Mynne (14 February 1535/6 – 20 May 1581 ) of Hertingfordbury, Hertfordshire, married by indenture of 24 April 1574 on 25 May 1574 at Hertingfordbury in Hertfordshire, Elizabeth Wroth (d.1613), the daughter of Sir Thomas Wroth, and had three sons and three daughters. Elizabeth married secondly Nicholas Boteler of Netherhill, Essex, Esquire. Nicholas Boteler was the brother of the Richard Boteler who married Anne Mynne. Children of George Mynne and Elizabeth Wroth:
 * 31) *# Robert Mynne (b. 6 April 1578 ), eldest son and heir
 * 32) *# John Mynne, to whom was willed Gaulden, Somersetshire
 * 33) *# George Mynne of Lincoln's Inn in London and later of Woodcote in Epsom in Surrey (1581–c.1648), posthumous son, Member of Parliament, who helped his brother Robert out financially and later bought Woodcote. George Mynne married Ann, daughter of Sir Robert Parkhurst of Pirford, and left two daughters and co-heiresses:
 * 34) *#* Elizabeth (d.1692), who married in 1648 Richard Evelyn (d.1670), the brother of the diarist, John Evelyn
 * 35) *#* Anne (d.1704), who married firstly Sir John Lewknor, son of Richard Lewknor by his wife Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas Bennett, Alderman of London, and nephew of Christopher Lewknor and the diarist Sir John Oglander, and secondly Sir William Morley
 * 36) *# Mary Mynne
 * 37) *# Susan Mynne
 * 38) *# Anne Mynne (20 November 1579 – 8 August 1622) buried in St. Mary's church, Hertingfordbury, Hertfordshire, who married on 22 November 1604, George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore
 * 39) * Andrew Mynne
 * 40) * Susan, who married John Darnall and died soon, leaving a son:
 * 41) *# Henry Darnall of Bird's Place, Essenden, Hertfordshire
 * 42) * Elizabeth who married Roger Lawrence and had four daughters, one of whom:
 * 43) *# Susan, who became the second wife of John Darnall
 * 44) * Anna, who married Richard Boteler, and perhaps others. Richard Boteler was the son of Sir John Boteler of Woodhall, Hertfordshire, and Grizel Koche of Wixley, Yorkshire. The Monumental Inscription of the Botelers in the Watton-at-Stone Parish Church, Herts, is in Latin and, translated, reads; "Here lies the bodies of Richard Boteler of Stapleford in the County of Hertfordshire, Esq., who died 5 May 1614; and Anna his wife one of the daughters of John Mynn of Hertingfordbury, Esq., who died 12 Oct., A. D. 1619; and Elizabeth, only daughter of the same Richard and Anna, wife of Rowland Graveley of Graveley, Esq., who died before the parents, ? Feb. 1600, without issue." Richard Boteler was the brother of Elizabeth Wroth Mynne's second husband, Nicholas Boteler of Netherhill, Essex.
 * 45) Edward Mynne of Little Fransham in Norfolk (bur. 22 September 1543 ), who married Maude and had at least four sons and three daughters:
 * 46) * Nicholas Mynne (d.1546 ), Auditor of the Exchange of the coinage and mint of gold and silver, coin and bullion, who was the first husband of Katherine Hyde, second wife to Sir Nicholas Le Strange.
 * 47) * Henry Mynne of Fransham (d. 25 January 1565/6 ), second son and Member of Parliament. His brother's heir. According to History of Parliament, he was born before 1513, and studied at Grays Inn, having been admitted there in 1527. This was probably his uncle. According to his brother's inquisition he was 24 in 1548. He later had a legal practice in Norwich, where he was made Clerk of the City in 1553. He married Christiana, daughter of William Bishop of Great Yarmouth. Christiana married secondly Andrew Clarke. Children of Henry Mynne and Christian Bishop:
 * 48) *# Nicholas Mynne of Great Fransham  (September 1561  – 1627+ ), baptised 29 September 1561 at Great Fransham, whose wardship and marriage was granted to Ralph Ellys. Nicholas Mynne of Fransham, gentleman, married Margaret Buxton on 29 January 1582 at Tibenham in Norfolk. Margaret was the daughter of Robert Buxton (c. 1533 – 15 Nov 1607), Member of Parliament, solicitor and surveyor in the service of Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, and Philip, Earl of Arundel; by his wife Joan (bur. 6 June 1594), daughter of Robert Herne of Tibenham
 * 49) *#* Robert Mynne
 * 50) *#* Edward Mynne
 * 51) *#* Alice Mynne
 * 52) *# Edward Mynne (bap. 28 October 1562 at Great Fransham – 27 July 1626 ), draper
 * 53) *# Mary Mynne, baptised 1565 at Great Fransham, Norfolk, married Rust, and had Robert, Edward, John, Edmund, Dorothie, Sarah and Hester Rust
 * 54) *# William Mynne, baptised 16 June 1566 at Great Fransham
 * 55) * Edward Mynne of Little Fransham (d.1572 ), probably the Edward Mynne who on 24 May 1569 married his second cousin Alice Mynne (b. 1549 ), the daughter of Henry Mynne of Swaffham (d. 1588/9 ). Edward Mynne was buried at Fransham Parva on 8 April 1572, described then as gentleman. His widow Alice remarried to Richard Beckham, gentleman, on 26 May 1575.   Children of Edward and Alice Mynne:
 * 56) *# Mary Mynne (bap. 28 May 1570 )
 * 57) *# Martha Mynne (bap. 11 March 1571/2 )
 * 58) * Robert Mynne of Wolterton (bur. 19 November 1582 at Wolterton), who married Anne, sister of William Morse, and had:
 * 59) *# Christian Mynne, a daughter (bap. 26 December 1560 at Fransham Parva )
 * 60) *# Edward (bap. 2 November 1562 at Fransham Parva – probably died young)
 * 61) *# Agnes (bap. 20 December 1562 at Fransham Parva )
 * 62) *# Dionisia (bur. 16 April 1563 at Fransham Parva )
 * 63) *# Henry Mynne (bap. 30 November 1563 at Fransham Parva )
 * 64) *# William Mynne (bap. 18 October 1565 at Fransham Parva )
 * 65) *# Christopher Mynne (bap. 15 April 1567 at Wolterton – probably died young)
 * 66) *# Winifred (bap. 28 February 1568 at Wolterton – bur. 12 February 1570 at Wolterton )
 * 67) *# Christopher Mynne (bap. 4 September 1569 at Wolterton )
 * 68) *# Edward Mynne (bap. 27 July 1575 at Wolterton )
 * 69) *# Anne Mynne, probably the Anne Mynne who married Edmond Bacon on 26 September 1589 at Wickmere
 * 70) *# Dennis Mynne, a daughter, probably the same name as her sister Dionisia and named for her. And the Dionis Mynn baptised on 8 January 1566 at Wickmere. She was then the first daughter born to Robert and Anne after Dionisia's death. Dionis Mynn married John Larwood 30 May 1590 at Wickmere
 * 71) * Maude
 * 72) * Thomasyn
 * 73) * Katheryn
 * 74) Henry Mynne (d. 13 October 1540 ), parson of Balsham, Cambridgeshire,   youngest son. An alumnus of Eton, went away A.M. from the College, became steward to Nicholas West, Bishop of Ely, and Rector of Balsham, in Cambridgeshire. He was one of the Executors of that Bishop, by which office he grew in a short time very rich. He gave over all pastoral charge, and lived as a Lawyer at Norwich; yet while he resided there, he supported many poor Scholars at Eton at his own expense. Fellow of Eton College in 1508. Had his M.A. from Oxford. Perhaps rector of Hadstock, Essex, 1515–9. Provost of Oriel College, Oxford, from when he was elected on 6 December 1538 to his death on 13 October 1540. Buried in St. Mary's Church.
 * 75) Alice Mynne, who married Alexander Chapman of Rainthorpe Hall in Norfolk
 * 76) Agnes who married James Gresham (d.1526), the son of William Gresham and Agnes his wife, the daughter and heiress of Geoffrey Porter (d.1485) and his wife Beatrice. James Gresham (d.1526) was the first cousin to Sir John Gresham, who founded Gresham's School, and Sir Richard Gresham.   Probably remarried to either Salmon or Sparrowe, and one of the two Agneses below, mentioned in the will of Nicholas Mynne of Fransham Parva in 1530
 * 77) Agnes Salmon (d.1566 ), mentioned in his will
 * 78) Agnes Sparrowe, mentioned in his will

John Mynne of Fransham Little
John Mynne of Fransham Little (bur. 8 March 1541/2 ) married Alis (bur. 25 September 1558 ) and had:

 * 1) William Mynne the elder of Little Fransham (bur. 13 June 1591 ), who married on 8 November 1555 Joan (bur. 16 October 1571 )  and had:
 * 2) * Jargius Mynne (bur. 6 December 1558 at Fransham Parva )
 * 3) * William Mynne (bap. 10 April 1560 )
 * 4) * Mary (bap. 22 February 1562/3 )
 * 5) * Rose (bap. 24 January 1563/4 ), the goddaughter of Rose Mynne
 * 6) * Thomas Mynne (bap. 16 March 1565/6 )
 * 7) * Alice (bap. 25 January 1567/8 – bur. 10 February 1567/8 )
 * 8) * John Mynne (bap. 27 February 1568/9 )
 * 9) * Christopher (bap. 7 October 1571 )
 * 10) John Mynne of Little Fransham and Swaffham, probably dead 1550
 * 11) Nicholas Mynne of Little Fransham (bur. 14 July 1581 at Fransham Parva ) who on 25 January 1544 married Rose (bur. 1 January 1584/5 at Fransham Parva ) and had:
 * 12) * Edward Mynne (bap. 10 March 1545/6 – bur. 27 April 1601 at Fransham Parva ) who married on 18 July 1574 Johane (bur. 5 June 1610 at Fransham Parva ), the widow of Robert Brett. By her first marriage Joane had the daughters Margaret Brett and Joane, the wife of John Sooden of Beeston next Mileham
 * 13) * John Mynne (bap. 28 December 1547 – bur. 9 November 1555 at Fransham Parva)
 * 14) * Ursula Mynne (bap. 19 January 1549/50 ) who married Robert Roberds on 17 July 1575
 * 15) * Mauld Mynne (bap. 15 July 1551 ) who married Pawle Turner on 19 July 1579
 * 16) ** Nicholas Turner
 * 17) * Margaret Mynne (bapt. 29 December 1554 ) who married James Burnham
 * 18) * Agnes who married Edmund Holland of Wendling, and had:
 * 19) ** Maria Holland, the goddaughter of her grandmother Rose
 * 20) Henry Mynne of Swaffham (bur. 10 March 1588/9 ), who married on 30 April 1548 Johan (bur. 4 January 1588/9 )
 * 21) * Alice Mynne (bap. 2 September 1549 ), who married firstly on 24 May 1569 Edward Mynne (bur. 8 April 1572, described then as gentleman ), this was probably her second cousin, Edward Mynne of Little Fransham, and secondly Richard Beckham (d. 17 April 1612 ), gentleman, on 26 May 1575.
 * 22) ** Mary Mynne (bap. 28 May 1570 )
 * 23) ** Martha Mynne (bap. 11 March 1571/2 )
 * 24) ** Mynne Beckham (bap. 6 January 1575/6 )
 * 25) ** Richard Beckham (b.1576 ), eldest surviving son and heir
 * 26) ** Walter Beckham
 * 27) ** Henry Beckham
 * 28) ** George Beckham
 * 29) Isabell
 * 30) Margaret

John Mynne of Fransham Little (d.1541/2) appointed Edward Mynne overseer of his will. In a codicil to his will his nephew Edward Mynne (d.1543) gave Henry Mynne, the son of John Mynne of Fraunsham Lyttle, a legacy.

Robert Mynne of East Lexham
Robert Mynne of Est Lexham (d.1519 ) married Alice and had the children:

 * 1) John Mynne
 * 2) James Mynne of West Lexham (d.1540/1 ), who married Isabell (possibly his cousin Isabell Mynne) and had:
 * 3) * Richard Mynne
 * 4) * Alys Vincent
 * 5) ** Maria Vincent, the goddaughter of Rose Mynne
 * 6) * Katherine Mynne
 * 7) William Mynne of Rougham (d. 1566/7 ), who bought the messuage and croft called Bovells in Rougham, married Alys and had:
 * 8) * William Mynne of Rougham, husbandman (d. 1612. )
 * 9) *# John Mynne
 * 10) *# Alice Mynne
 * 11) *# Amy Mynne
 * 12) * Robert Mynne, senior, of Rougham (d. 1597/8 ), who married Margaret, and had:
 * 13) *# Edward Mynne
 * 14) *# Francis Mynne
 * 15) *# Caterin Mynne, who married William Newman on 23 July 1570
 * 16) *# Mary Mynne
 * 17) * Anne Mynne
 * 18) Henry Mynne of Est Lexham (d.1550) who had:
 * 19) * Robert Mynne
 * 20) Robert Mynne
 * 21) Margaret Mynne, married Skyrrie
 * 22) Crystyan Mynne
 * 23) Agnes Mynne, married Moore

The Manor of Horton and Woodcote
Nicholas Mynne of Little Walsingham was the youngest of the five children of Nicholas Mynne of St. Bartholomew's Close, London and Epsom, Fransham Magna (d.1528) and his wife Joan Marston.

His father, Nicholas Mynne (d.1528), came to the Manor of Horton on his marriage (about 1519) to Joan Merston (d. 31 October 1540), daughter and co-heiress of William Marston of Horton in Surrey. After his death in 1528, the widowed Joan remarried to become the first wife of William Saunders.

Nicholas Mynne had four older siblings of the full blood.

During the minority of his eldest brother John Mynne of Woodcote, their step-father William Sander was granted an annuity of £4 issuing from the manor of Horton, with wardship and marriage of the said John.

Ralph Sanders in Generations: A Thousand-Year Family History, writes that: "Exactly how John's siblings, William, Nicholas, Francis, and Elizabeth Mynne, were cared for in subsequent years is unclear. The tight relationship between the Saunders and Mynnes extended to the Saunders of Aston and even to a later generation."And indeed there is much to suggest that they enjoyed an upbringing together under the roof of their step-father. All five children, John Mynne of Woodcote, eldest son; William Mynne of Wendling, second son; Francis Mynne of London (d.1592/3 ); Elizabeth who married Bartholmew Fromonds of Cheam in Surrey and had Jane Dee; and Nicholas Mynne of Walsingham, Norfolk, would later display strong ties to London.

John Mynne of Woodcote
John Mynne of Woodcote (c.1520 –1595 ), who held the manor in 1564, married Dorothy Curzon of Croxall in Derby, the half-sister of Joyce Curzon who was burned at the stake for her religious convictions in 1557. Dorothy Curzon was born to Thomas Curzon of Croxall Hall, Staffordshire (formerly Derbyshire) and his second wife Elizabeth Lygon. In 1557 she was serving in Anne of Cleves' household as a waiting gentlewoman, together with her married sister Maud (also known as Magdalen) Tatton. Dorothy was a favourite of her mistress, which led to Anne leaving her £100 for marriage in her will and asking her step-daughter the Princess Elizabeth Tudor to take in her "poor maid", but there is no evidence that this happened. According to one source, John and Dorothy died on the same day, at Southwark, on 16 April 1595.

John Mynne of Woodcote (c.1520 –1595 ) and Dorothy Curzon had at least three children, Sir William Mynne of Horton (1561 –1618 ), Nicholas Mynne of Horton (b. 1563 ), John Mynne of Woodcoate and of Horton the younger (b.1565 ). All three were students at the Inner Temple. William and Nicholas entered together, in November 1584, while John entered in November 1588, together with Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex.

Nicholas Mynne's eldest brother John Mynne of Woodcote died in 1595, leaving a son and heir William. An indenture was made on 24 October 1594 between Francis Jermy and Thomas Jermy, Esqs., and John Mynne, Esq., and Dorothy his wife, previous to marriage between William Mynne, son of said John, and Margaret Jermy, daughter of Francis. Margaret was the daughter of Francis Jermy of Brightwell and Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of Sir William FitzWilliam in Ireland. William Mynne of Horton was knighted in the Royal Garden at Whitehall, on 23 July 1603. Sir William's son John succeeded his father in 1618. John married Alice daughter of William Hale and settled various lands and tenements on her, among them the manor-house of Horton; but in order to pay his debts he with the consent of William Hale sold these estates to George Mynne of Lincoln's Inn in London in 1626. George Mynne left two daughters and co-heiresses, Elizabeth and Anne. Elizabeth (d.1692) married in 1648 Richard Evelyn (d.1670), the brother of the diarist, John Evelyn. On the division of the estate the manor of Horton fell to the share of Elizabeth.

Samuel Pepys writes on Sunday 14 July 1667 of how he went by coach "through Mr. Minnes's wood, and looked upon Mr. Evelyn's house"Elizabeth, who, having survived her husband and children, left the manor, Woodcote Park, to Charles Calvert, third Lord Baltimore, a grandson of Anne, daughter of George Mynne of Hertingfordbury, a connexion of her family.

William Mynne of Wendlyng and of London
According to Harold Coward in The Story of Hutton, the later Sir William Mynne, of Horton and Crixton, married Agatha, the daughter of Hugh Malet of Enmore and the widow of John Payne by 16 May 1590 and was married to her to at least to 1592. Agatha had been a widow since at least 1580. Agatha was the mother of the Nicholas Payne (b.1560 ) who received a ring with a death's head and of the Mary Payne who received £5 in the will of Francis Mynne (d.1592/3). This William Mynne may also, as seems more likely, have been Sir William's uncle, and Francis's brother, William Mynne of Wendlyng and of London, especially if she was the Agatha Mynne buried at Saint Martin in the Fields on 26 November 1595, a year after William of Horton's parents had started marriage negotiations between him and someone else.

Francis Mynne of London, 'Merchant Adventurer'
The Mynne-Payne connection must have gone a long way back, for in the pardon roll of 1559 of Elizabeth I, Francis Mynne, who describes himself as, "Francis Mynne, citizen and mercer of London, alias of London, 'merchaunt adventurer'," is directly above that of "John Payne late of Criston, co. Somerset, alias late of Hutton, Co. Somerset, alias late of Stronde Inne in the parish of St. Clement Danes without the bars of the New Temple, London."

First marriage
Nicholas Mynne's first marriage was to Katherine Knyvett, the daughter of Sir Thomas Knyvett of Buckenham, Norfolk, by his wife Muriel Howard (d.1512), the daughter of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, and Elizabeth Tilney. Katherine Knyvett had been the cousin of both Queen Anne Boleyn and Queen Katherine Howard. Her siblings were Elizabeth Grey, 5th Baroness Lisle, 3rd Viscountess Lisle, one-time betrothed of Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk and the wife of Henry Courtenay; Sir Edmund Knyvett who married Anne Shelton, the sister of Madge and Mary Shelton; Ferdinando; Anne Knyvett, lady in waiting to Queen Katherine of Aragon, who married firstly Thomas Thursby (d.1543) of Ashwicken  and secondly Henry Spelman (d.1581 ), the son of Sir John Spelman (d.1546), and the father of Sir Henry Spelman and of Erasmus Spelman, whose son Henry went to Virginia;   and Sir Henry Knyvett (d.1546/7), who married Anne Pickering, the widow of Francis Weston, and would thirdly marry John Vaughan, the nephew of Blanche Parry.

Katherine Knyvett had married firstly and was the widow of Sir William Fermor (d.1558), Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk in 1540 and son of Sir Henry Fermor of East Barsham Manor in Norfolk and Margaret, through whom he was the half-brother of Elizabeth Wood, Lady Boleyn and uncle of John Astley.

Mary Fromonds, the daughter of Bartelmew Fromonds and Elizabeth Mynne, married Thomas Fermor, the nephew and heir of Sir William Fermor.

Henry Spelman (d.1581), the widower of Anne Knyvett, Katherine Knyvett's sister, married secondly Frances, daughter of William Saunders, Nicholas Mynne's step-father. Her sister Katherine Saunders married Henry's nephew John Spelman of Narborow. Henry's brother, Erasmus Spelman, married Ursula Bainton, the widow of Anne Knyvett's son, Edmund Thursby.

The will of Katherine Knyvett alias Fermor alias Mynne was dated 29 July 1564 and proven on 9 September 1568.

Francis Blomefield wrote:

"Nicholas Mynne, Esq. and Katherine his wife, granted it by fine, in the 4th of Elizabeth, to William Mynne, Gent. quit of the heirs of Katherine; and on May 26th, in the 13th of Elizabeth, Nicholas Mynne of Walsingham Parva released it to Thomas Fermor, Esq. of East-Barsham; so it was joined to Wolterton's manor."

Second marriage
Nicholas Mynn of Little Walsingham married on 28 March 1567 Elizabeth (b. 8 February 1547 ), the daughter Sir Robert Drury by his wife Audrey Rich, the daughter of Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich, Lord Chancellor of England, and sister of Sir William Drury, and widow of Thomas de Grey of Merton in Norfolk, whom she had married when he was eleven. Nicholas Mynne and Elizabeth Drury had three sons and three daughters.

Elizabeth's paternal grandparents were William Drury (d.1558) and Elizabeth (d. 19 May 1575), daughter and co-heiress of Henry Sothel, Esquire, Attorney General to Henry VII of Stoke Faston, Leicestershire, and Joan Empson, daughter of Sir Richard Empson. She was the first cousin once removed of Sir Thomas Lucy, whose paternal grandparents were Sir Thomas Lucy (d.1525) and Elizabeth Empson, also the daughter of Sir Richard Empson.

Dr. Jessop described the two marriages of Elizabeth Drury: "'Among the Parkhurst correspondence at Cambridge, Ee. II. 34, there are a great many letters in a cause which came before his Lordship as Bishop of Norwich, and which he appears to me to have done his best to adjudicate upon unfairly. Thomas de Grey, a boy of seven at his father's death, son of Thomas de Grey of Merton, by Anne, dau. of Henry Everard of Linstead, co. Suffolk, was heir to the Merton estate, by the death of his father in 1562. The lad became the ward of his father's second wife Temperance, dau. of Sir Wymonde Carew of Anthony, co. Cornwall, who married seondly Sir Christopher Heydon of Baconsthorpe. He was very delicate, and fearing he might slip through their hands, the Heydons married him when he was ten years old or thereabouts to Elizabeth Heydon, who, I presume, vas a daughter of Sir Christopher by a former marriage. The lady was, I think, sixteen. The child died at Baconsthorpe (where he was married) in 1566, and the young widow was subsequently married to Nicholas Mynne, 'Esqr.,' evidently a great favourite of the Bishop's, who thereupon sued for the widow's dower. Robert de Grey resisted the demand, pleading the nullity of the marriage. The bishop Wrote discreditable letters to his chancellor and others on the subject, they for the most part giving it as their opinion that the marriage was null and that Mynne had not a leg to stand on. Nicholas Mynne, Esq., was of Little Walsingham, who belonged to a malignant family who christened their sons Nicholas again and again with no other object than to puzzle genealogists. He was quite a young man in 1571, and was mixing with the first people in the county at that time.'—A. J."Thomas de Grey was married, not to Elizabeth Heydon, but to Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Drury and his wife Audrey, and niece of Anne Drury, the first wife of Sir Christopher Heydon of Baconsthorpe.

Nicholas Mynn of Little Walsingham and Elizabeth were definitely still alive in 1582 when he was involved in a transaction with Elizabeth's old in-laws, the de Greys of Merton.

Servant of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk
Through his first wife Katherine Knyvett, Nicholas Mynne was a kinsman of his master, Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk.

Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk fell from power and was executed in 1572.

Servant of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford
The Nicholas Mynne (living 1590) who was the servant of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford was described as "a near kinsman of Henry Golding", who was the Earl's uncle. Henry Golding's mother was Ursula Marston (died c.1564), daughter and coheiress of William Marston of Horton, Surrey, and his wife, Beatrix Barlee. Henry Golding (d.1576), was steward of the household to John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford, and the half-brother of his second (by some counting third) wife, Margery Golding, the 17th Earl's mother, and the full-brother of Arthur Golding. Ursula Marston was the sister of Joan Marston or Merston, Nicholas Mynne's mother. They were both daughters and co-heiresses of William Marston of Horton, Surrey.

However, while the Nicholas Mynne who had lent £400 from Mary Waldegrave, Henry Golding's step-daughter, in 1567, was almost certainly this Nicholas Mynne, Nicholas Mynne of Little Walsingham:"Afterward, she went on to say, her mother married Henry Golding, who in right of his wife became seized of some of the said property and, while she was under age, Henry Golding 'ded use diverse wayes and meanes to gett and obteyne of the sayd Mary the moiety of the property as well as the reversion of the remainder residue and she was brought to be contented to bargayne and sell her half and her portion of the reversion for far less value than they were worth.' She also asserted that her portion was worth £700 of which about twelve years before she lent £400 to Nicholas Mynne, Esq., a near kinsman of Henry Golding, and he and his brothers John and William Mynne had bound themselves to William Ayloffe, Esq., her uncle and to Henry Golding (because she was then under age) to repay the money, which should have been done eight years before. For this, Mynne had charged the Manor of Kettleston in Suffolk (of the yearly value of £40) for one thousand years, with a yearly rent of £12 as interest and as security for the payment of the £400. Because about two and a half years before, Henry Golding had died and Arthur had succeeded him, the interest which Henry had bought from her became his. She complained that Nicholas Mynne for three years had not paid the yearly £12 promised nor repaid the £400, and that Arthur Golding would not help her as he favored his kinsman Nicholas Mynne and his brothers. Mary seems to have had some grounds for discontent but it is hardly clear why she should sue Golding except upon the theory that as the ultimate beneficiary of Henry's will he was responsible for having its provisions carried out notwithstanding the fact that George Golding had been appointed executor and was then living."The Nicholas Mynne who was the servant of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, may also have been this Nicholas Mynne's first cousin once removed, Nicholas Mynne of Great Fransham (September 1561 – 1627+ ).

On 10 November 1590 a Chancery petition was filed by Christopher Marshall, executor of William Marshall, against Thomas Skinner and Oxford's servant, Nicholas Mynne, regarding the Queen's extents against the manor of Castle Camps.

On 21 February 1590/1 Burghley wrote to Fanshawe to release Nicholas Mynne, imprisoned for debt, on condition that Buxton pays £75 and that the bonds of Nathaniel Bishopp, merchant of London, are assigned to the Queen; Westminster.

Nicholas Mynne of Fransham, gentleman, had married Margaret Buxton on 29 January 1582 at Tibenham in Norfolk. Margaret Buxton was the daughter of Robert Buxton, Member of Parliament, solicitor and surveyor in the service of Thomas, 4th Duke of Norfolk, and Philip, Earl of Arundel. Nathaniel Bishopp, merchant of London, was Nicholas Mynne of Great Fransham's maternal uncle.

A debt and a wardship
In 1560 Nicholas Mynne was granted the wardship and marriage of Richard Burton, son of Nicholas Burton (d. 9. January 1559/60). Richard Burton later married Anne Hampton, the sole daughter and heir of Barnard Hampton (d.1572), Clerk of the Council. Richard Burton was the brother of Mabel Burton, Viscountess Bindon, and the uncle of Frances Howard, Duchess of Lennox and Richmond. The brothers Nicholas and William Mynne are mentioned in the will of John Blennerhasset dated 29 June 1573: "Nicholas Mynne and William Mynne doe owe me likewise twoe hundreth marks"

Last years and death
Nicholas Mynne of Little Walsingham was dead by 1596.

title: Nicholas Mynn


text:
Category:Engineering

Pages and categories that are used by the school.  NOTE: This page has become disorganized. Please organize categories and pages under the categorization schema. Pages and subcategories may be sorted under larger headings. For example: Aerospace engineering is a subcategory of Mechanical engineering, which is in turn a subcategory of Engineering. Also, please note that the example category names follow the Wikiversity Naming Conventions and consist of only the first word and "proper names" capitalized (such as "15th century maps of Asia" or "How to install a Timing-belt"). Similarly, all Topics and Learning Resources within a particular category should be changed to reflect only the category that they are in. For example Topic:Civil engineering should be categorized under Category:Civil engineering and the Learning Resource Strength of materials should be categorized under Category:Solid mechanics.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Engineering


text:
French/Grammar/Tenses/Future anterior

Usage
This is used in a sentence when there is something in a future tense, but this action is also in the future, but before the other future. This is called the "futur anterieur" in French.

Formation

 * The future anterior is a compound tense—it consists of two verbs, the auxiliary verb and the past participle one seeks to use in this tense.
 * The auxiliary verb is conjugated as if it were being used in the future indicative.
 * The past participle is added immediately after the auxiliary verb.
 * A negative structure such as ne ... pas is always placed around the auxiliary verb, not the past participle.

Francés/Gramática/El verbo/Tiempos/Le futur antérieur

title: French/Grammar/Tenses/Future anterior


text:
User:HGHSTROJAN

About

 * Born: 1989
 * Occupation: Student-The University of Alabama

Page Creations
Hazel Green High School

title: User:HGHSTROJAN


text:
Kalateh-ye Hajji Shir Mohammad

Kalateh-ye Hajji Shir Mohammad (, also Romanized as Kalāteh-ye Ḩājjī Shīr Moḩammad; also known as Kalāteh-ye Ḩājj Shīr Moḩammad) is a village in Ghazali Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 22, in 5 families.

title: Kalateh-ye Hajji Shir Mohammad


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/lifeline.co.za

Links

 * lifeline.co.za resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 3 additions.


text:
User:Books584/Evaluate an Article

Evaluate an article
This is where you will complete your article evaluation. Please use the template below to evaluate your selected article.

 * Name of article: (link) List of territories occupied by Imperial Japan
 * Briefly describe why you have chosen this article to evaluate. I chose this article to evaluate, because our class has been discussing Imperial Japan and it's colonies.

Lead

 * Guiding questions

 * Does the Lead include an introductory sentence that concisely and clearly describes the article's topic? Yes it does.
 * Does the Lead include a brief description of the article's major sections? No
 * Does the Lead include information that is not present in the article? No it does not
 * Is the Lead concise or is it overly detailed? The Lead is very concise.

Content

 * Guiding questions

 * s the article's content relevant to the topic? The content is relevant to the topic
 * Is the content up-to-date? The content is somewhat up to date with the listed sources being from late 1900s to early 2000s
 * Is there content that is missing or content that does not belong? While it is hard to say that there is content missing, it is easier to say that there is not enough information in the article.

Tone and Balance

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article neutral? The article is neutral.
 * Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position? No.
 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented? No.
 * Does the article attempt to persuade the reader in favor of one position or away from another? No.

Sources and References

 * Guiding questions

 * Are all facts in the article backed up by a reliable secondary source of information? Somewhat, the populstat website does not seem entirely reliable.
 * Are the sources thorough - i.e. Do they reflect the available literature on the topic? The populstat does seem a little suspect, but it does have information on population from the time period.
 * Are the sources current? The sources are around 15 years old and somewhat current.
 * Check a few links. Do they work? The links work.

Organization

 * Guiding questions

 * Is the article well-written - i.e. Is it concise, clear, and easy to read? The article is well written.
 * Does the article have any grammatical or spelling errors? No.
 * Is the article well-organized - i.e. broken down into sections that reflect the major points of the topic? The article is short, and is organized similar to a list.

Images and Media

 * Guiding questions

 * Does the article include images that enhance understanding of the topic? Yes, just one though.
 * Are images well-captioned? Not really.
 * Do all images adhere to Wikipedia's copyright regulations? Yes.
 * Are the images laid out in a visually appealing way? There is only one image, but it's placement is in a good spot.

Checking the talk page

 * Guiding questions

 * What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic? There is question as to whether this article list is even needed and if it should instead be merged with other pages that cover similar content.
 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects? This article is rated as a list.  It is part of Wikiproject Japan / Military History and the Wikiproject East Asia.
 * How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class? The way Wikipedia talks about this topic is a more concise but less detailed way.   It only writes down numerical facts.

Overall impressions

 * Guiding questions

 * What is the article's overall status? This article seems inactive and not that useful.
 * What are the article's strengths? The strengths of the article are that it gathers the colonies of Imperial Japan and puts them down their dates and population.
 * How can the article be improved? This article can be improved by having more updates that make the information more detailed.
 * How would you assess the article's completeness - i.e. Is the article well-developed? Is it underdeveloped or poorly developed? I would say that this is a poorly developed article.

Optional activity

 * Choose at least 1 question relevant to the article you're evaluating and leave your evaluation on the article's Talk page. Be sure to sign your feedback

with four tildes — ~

 * Link to feedback:

title: User:Books584/Evaluate an Article


text:
beau-fils

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) a stepson, a son of the present spouse of its remarried parent
 * 2) a son-in-law, the husband of one's daughter or son
 * 1) a son-in-law, the husband of one's daughter or son

title: beau-fils


text:
Peter Stenlund

Karl Peter Stenlund (born 13 February 1951) is a Finnish civil servant and a diplomat. He served as Secretary of State for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland since 1 March 2014, after Pertti Torstila's retirement, until February 2018.

Stenlund is a Master of Political Sciences from the University of Helsinki (1980). Between 1976 and 1981 he worked as editor-in-chief of Svensk Presstjänst and as Swedish People's Party's party secretary and in 1981–1995.

Stenlund was employed by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in 1995. He worked as a Special Assistant to the European Minister in 1995, as Head of the Nordic Co-operation Secretariat and Deputy Minister for Co-operation 1996–1998 and as Consultative Officer 1998–2003. In the Foreign Service, Stenlund has worked as Minister at the Embassy of Finland in Stockholm 2003–2005 and Ambassador of Finland to Norway 2006–2010.

Prior to his appointment as Secretary of State, Stenlund served as Under Secretary of State for Internal and External Services of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs between March 2010 and February 2014.

Stenlund was born in Siipyy. He is married and has two children.

title: Peter Stenlund


text:
Talk:Smith & Wesson SD VE

Article needs to be corrected to include non-VE SD information
S&W actually launched the SD line in 2010 with all-black guns before introducing the stainless slides in 2012. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:04, 23 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Smith & Wesson SD VE


text:
United States Government/The Constitutional Convention

The Legislature
The United States were basically divided into two classes- the large (more populous) states and the small (less populous) states. The large states included Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Massachusetts. The small states included Rhode Island, New Jersey, Delaware, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and even Maryland. Also, one may consider Georgia and the two Carolinas as small states, but these states hoped to increase their population and become large by importing slaves and attracting "immigrants" from other states. These were called “in-between states”

The large states wanted to have proportional representation in Congress. They wished that the more populous states have more representatives than the less populous states. However, fearing that they would be overwhelmed by large numbers of representatives from other states, the small state delegates suggested that all states receive equal representation like under the Articles.

James Madison of Virginia proposed a plan, which was presented by Edmund Randolph, supported by the large states, the Virginia Plan. It entailed:
 * A very powerful Congress of two houses based on proportional representation
 * One house elected by the people, and the second house elected by the first one
 * An executive chosen by Congress
 * Congressional power to cancel any state law
 * Based on population

Meanwhile, New Jersey politician William Paterson proposed a plan on behalf of the small states. It involved:
 * A Congress equivalent in structure to the Articles Congress
 * A Congress more powerful than the Articles Congress, but not as powerful as the Virginia Plan Congress
 * An executive chosen by Congress
 * Congressional law being supreme over state law

Thirdly, Alexander Hamilton of New York proposed a plan extremely similar to the British government. The British plan included: Hamilton's plan was rejected very quickly- it reminded the delegates too much of the tyranny and unhappiness under the King of the State of Great Britain.
 * A legislature of two houses
 * One house chosen by the people for limited terms
 * Another house chosen by a special body for life terms
 * An executive chosen by a special body for a life term
 * Congressional power to cancel any state law.
 * Based on population

Connecticut Delegate Roger Sherman suggested that the small and large states compromise. He felt that the large states would never accept equal representation, while the small ones would never accept just proportional representation. His compromise, known as the Great Compromise, suggested the following:
 * A Congress with two houses
 * One house based on proportional representation
 * Another house based on equal representation

Though Sherman's compromise was initially rejected, the delegates were forced to accept it eventually. Otherwise, the Convention would have clearly broken down on the issue of representation.

The Executive
Once the issue of representation was resolved, other issues seemed relatively easy to negotiate. The delegates continued to compromise on several issues, including the executive.

Firstly, the delegates were concerned about a single individual as executive. The King, they said, was an individual with too much power. However, the argument failed when some pointed out that every single state in the union had one Chief Executive called a President or a Governor, rather than a Council of Presidents or Governors, and none of the states suffered from that Governor's tyranny. Similarly, the executive was granted substantial but not absolute power, after the example of the individual states.

(Pennsylvania at one time in its history had a council of three Presidents.)

The manner of choosing the executive was the only one of concern. The following were proposed as electors for the President:
 * The People
 * The state Legislatures
 * The state Governors
 * The Congress

The Framers rejected the idea of election by the People because they felt that, it would be impractical in the days of difficult communication, and inappropriate because the people would "naturally" vote for local candidates without any regard for those from other states. Also, they rejected the state or Congressional choice because they assumed that the President would feel indebted to and controlled by the states or the Congress. Such a problem would be present with any permanent body. Thus, they established a temporary body whose sole purpose was to elect the President- the Electoral College. (See Part III, Chapter 2.)

Slavery
The problem of slavery, after the issue of representation, was probably the most dangerous one for the Convention to tackle. If the Convention adopted a plan that upset one region, then the states of that region might have withdrawn from the Convention, breaking up the meeting.

Related to the issue of representation was the counting of slaves to decide the population of a state for the purpose of proportional representation in Congress. The South wanted slaves to count, but the North feared that the South could increase its power in Congress by importing more slaves. The Three-Fifths Compromise suggested the same standard as the Article of Confederation-"other persons," or slaves would be counted as three-fifths of persons. The three-fifths rule would be applied for deciding proportions in Congress and amounts of direct tax due from each state.

Another compromise relating to slavery involved the importation of slaves. The Constitutional Convention compromised by allowing the slave trade to continue until 1808, when the Congress could lawfully ban it.

Conclusion
The tired delegates were faced with a problem - that of a Bill of Rights. The delegates, however, refused to take the risk of breaking up the Convention and wasting hard work by debating specific rights. Thus, they assumed that a newly assembled Congress would add these Amendments, or they felt that the present Constitutional protections were sufficient.

In order for the Constitution to gain effect, the Convention required that nine states approve it. In addition, the states not ratifying, or approving, the Constitution would not be subject to it.


text:
downstyle

Adjective

 * 1)  Which only capitalizes words (e.g. in headers) that would be capitalized in a normal sentence.

Noun

 * 1)  Downstyle capitalization.

title: downstyle


text:
peltate

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Shield-shaped; scutiform.
 * 2)  Having the petiole attached to the lower surface instead of the margin.

title: peltate


text:
Internet Technologies/Protocols

In networking, a communications protocol or network protocol is the specification of a set of rules for a particular type of communication.

Different protocols often describe different aspects of a single communication; taken together, these form a protocol stack. The terms "protocol" and "protocol stack" also refer to the software that implements a protocol.

Most recent protocols are assigned by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for internet communications, and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), or the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) organizations for other types. The ITU-T handles telecommunications protocols and formats.

Index page for network protocols and protocol layers, categorised by the nearest matching layers of the OSI seven layer model.

Systems engineering principles have been applied to design network protocols.

Common Internet protocols
Common Internet protocols include TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), UDP/IP (User Datagram Protocol/Internet Protocol), HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) and FTP (File Transfer Protocol).

 * TCP/IP : TCP/IP is a stream protocol. This means that a connection is negotiated between a client and a server. Any data transmitted between these two endpoints is guaranteed to arrive, thus it is a so-called lossless protocol. Since the TCP protocol (as it is also referred to in short form) can only connect two endpoints, it is also called a peer-to-peer protocol.

 * HTTP : HTTP is the protocol used to transmit all data present on the World Wide Web. This includes text, multimedia and graphics. It is the protocol used to transmit HTML, the language that makes all the fancy decorations in your browser. It works upon TCP/IP.

 * FTP : FTP is the protocol used to transmit files between computers connected to each other by a TCP/IP network, such as the Internet.

title: Internet Technologies/Protocols


text:
User:BD2412/Undrafted/Brownbook

Brownbook is a Dubai-based media company with a focus on the Middle East and North Africa.

In February 2015, Fast Company named Brownbook on its list of "The World’s Top 10 Most Innovative Companies of 2015 In Media", describing the company as "bimonthly magazine with a visually driven website [that] covers the Middle East and North Africa".

In 2017, Brownbook "launched a membership program that is based closely on a subscription model".

"I found the excellent magazine Brownbook, published in London, which deals with contemporary culture in the Arab world. The current edition is dedicated to home design in Arab countries or homes of Arab immigrants in the West".

title: User:BD2412/Undrafted/Brownbook


text:
User:Krishna singh solsinda/sandbox

krishna Singh Solsinda is a social worker and political thinker he will be do hard work for public and society if he his also a great leader....

title: User:Krishna singh solsinda/sandbox


text:
Talk:NewTek

Company History
Article says: >>> the company's founder Tim Jenison and its Vice President Paul Montgomery also were presented as new types of entrepreneurs running a new and different kind of company. <<<

Please explain how the company was new and different? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:25, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

The company produced a leading edge technology (at the time) custom circuit board design with sophisticated software to edit video at a cost not previously demonstrated. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:03, 8 September 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on NewTek. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20130120232111/http://www.ecampusnews.com/business-news/newtek-tricaster-tcxd850-awarded-eventdvlive-winners-circle/ to http://www.ecampusnews.com/business-news/newtek-tricaster-tcxd850-awarded-eventdvlive-winners-circle/

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 00:46, 30 August 2015 (UTC)

External Link Check
Source 8 referring to Montgomery's "untimely death" published before his death and contains an unflattering quote by Montgomery instead of any news of his demise. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:09, 24 September 2016 (UTC) I did not delete it, but thought it interesting instead.
 * It seems to support the first part of the sentence. I added another source which supports the latter half. Kuru   (talk)  03:17, 24 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on NewTek. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130120232120/http://www.dacs.org/pdf/dacs9806.pdf to http://www.dacs.org/pdf/dacs9806.pdf

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:49, 16 February 2018 (UTC)

San Antonio Relocation
The page (rudely) interjects with a question about when the company relocated to San Antonio. https://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/stories/1997/08/18/story1.html Sure looks like 1997-ish. Wikipedia's editor culture is too awful for me to want to make changes to an article, but whoever cares enough about this date can now put it in instead of defacing the article.

Home Improvement
This article has contained an uncited claim that the Toaster was used for transitions on Home Improvement since about 2014, and I feel like probably a lot of people have repeated that, since this info seems to be all over the internet. I think all of it (including the mention in this article) was probably sourced from one very questionable webpage made in the early 2010s, based on my google-fu.

Today, I received this comment on a Youtube video about later Newtek hardware:

"The Video Toaster did do some of the special effects on the TV series Babylon 5 but not on Home Improvement. Most of those special effects were conceived by the great designer Jim Praytor and executed at Modern Videofilm in Burbank.  I was lucky enough to be one of the cadre of compositing and online editors who worked on the show. Most effects were done in the Discrete Logic/Autodesk family of compositors, the Fire, Flame or inferno.  We also would use camera stands and paper cutouts, shoot ad-hock green screen in the facility parking structure and heavily use the Grass Valley Kaleidoscope in the edit room for image manipulation.  Contrary to the effects found in the TriCaster no "canned effects" were used in Home Improvement.  Every effect or transition was purpose built for the show.  We might re-use something created earlier, but they were all show original.  I even got a cameo as a tiny green elf jumping out of a giant treasure chest."

This was posted by one Alex Trocker, who IMDB lists as an effects artist on Home Improvement. Given the specificity of the claim and there being no earthly reason to go to great lengths to fabricate this information, I'm assuming this is the truth. Obviously we can't cite a comment, but since the info in the article was uncited, I think this is good enough cause to remove it. Gravislizard (talk) 01:47, 21 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:NewTek


text:
Moisture cure polyurethane

Moisture-cure polyurethanes -- or polyurethane prepolymer -- are isocyanate-terminated prepolymers that are formulated to cure with ambient water. Cured PURs are segmented copolymer polyurethane-ureas exhibiting microphase-separated morphologies. One phase is derived from a typically flexible (subambient glass transition temperature, Tg) polyol that is generally referred to as the “soft phase”. Likewise the corresponding “hard phase” is born from the di- or polyisocyanates that through water reaction produce a highly crosslinked material with softening temperature well above room temperature.

Application
Moisture cure polyurethanes have been widely used in the adhesive and coating industries. Thermal, mechanical, and surface properties of hyperbranched polyurethane-urea (HBPU) moisture cured coatings have been studied in relationship to chemical structure. Different NCO terminated HBPU prepolymers were prepared by reacting hyperbranched polymers with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) or 4,4'-bis-methylene cyclohexane diisocyanate (HMDI). A range of NCO/OH eq. ratios from 1.2 - 1.6 was used.

Thermal and mechanical properties of moisture cured polyurethane-urea /clay nanocomposite coatings have been studied in relationship to clay dispersion and intercalation of clay platelets in the urethane-urea matrix. Coatings were prepared by moisture curing of IPDI capped hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene/clay dispersions in a relative humidity (RH) of 50% at 25 °C. Moisture cured polyurethane–urea coatings have been made by reacting 1,2,3-triazole rich polyether polyols with HMDI at NCO/OH eq. ratio of 1.2 to obtain isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymers. The prepolymers were cured under atmospheric moisture to make polyurethane–urea free films.

title: Moisture cure polyurethane


text:
Zoobin

Zoobin (Javelin) is an Iranian TV-guided air-to-surface missile. It is considered to be the first generation of the Iranian PGMs. Developed during the time of Iran–Iraq War, it was a rocket-powered version of the American M117 bomb equipped with a TV-seeker. There are four small aerodynamic control surfaces, also in a cruciform pattern, mounted on the motor, which are connected to the guidance unit at the front of the missile via control lines running along the body. The first versions only relied on these four fins but it was found that the missile is too unstable. Thus four larger triangle-shaped fins were attached to the center of the body to provide stability. The guidance unit at the front of the missile contains a daylight TV seeker that is the same one used on Qadr. Zoobin is given a US-style 'AGM' designation (AGM-379/20 Zoobin), though its designers say that this has no greater significance beyond inventory management and parts stocks.

Both Iranian F-4 Phantoms and F-5 Tigers can be equipped by Zoobin though the latter needs a modification to be able to guide the missile.

title: Zoobin


text:
Khodeza Azam

Khodeza Azam was a Bangladeshi civil servant who served as Secretary of Ministry of Social Welfare from 15 September 1994 to 1 February 1995. She died on 14 February 2014 at the age of 76.

title: Khodeza Azam


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Embassy TechVillage

The result was delete. Tone 09:52, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

Embassy TechVillage

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Purely a promotional article WP:PROMO. Fails WP:GNG and WP:NBUILDING. Hence, calling for an AfD discussion. - Hatchens (talk) 07:58, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. Hatchens (talk) 07:58, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete per nom. Can't find anything reliable MaysinFourty (talk) 08:12, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Technology-related deletion discussions.  Megan Barris   (Lets talk📧)  09:31, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete. As per opening nomination, this fails general notability and appears to be purely promotional about a tech park in Bengaluru. Given the page creator's contributions, this appears to be one of many pointless paid contributions. Updates to the page - given the multitude of IP4 and IPv6 addresses - appear to come from employees in the park. The link to the website in the infobox is dead. --Whiteguru (talk) 10:53, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Geography-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 11:32, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete, promotional and lacking any independent coverage that is significant. Tayi Arajakate  Talk 02:27, 19 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Wheels and Tires/Fixing a flat

This page explains how to repair punctures in bicycle inner tubes, and gives some advice as to the most likely causes. In addition, there are notes peculiar to the use of tube sealants.

Terminology
The basic parts of interest are these:

 * Tires are the rubber outer parts
 * that contact the road's surface. The rubber part is called cladding, and it covers the internal structure of the tire.  The cladding has a  tread, smooth or patterned, depending on its use.  The edges that fit into the wheel rims have wires within the cladding called beading or beads, and various fibers run between the beads to give strength within the cladding.  Although tubeless bicycle tires exist, they are still quite rare on pushbikes, so this page deals only with tires having inner-tubes.

 * Inner-tubes are the inflatable parts
 * between the tire and the metal parts of the wheel. They are invisible apart from their valves that protrude through the wheel-rims.  There are three  valve types in use; Schrader valves, Presta valves, and Dunlop valves.  Refer to the adjacent image for examples.

 * Rim-linings protect the bottom of the inner-tube.
 * The ends of the spokes enter the rims, and this lining in the rim-well covers them so that the tube is not damaged.

 * Anti-puncture linings protect the top of the inner-tube.
 * Some high-end tires have protection built-in, but most tires have none. As accessories, they can be easily added between the tire and the inner-tube. They prevent most punctures from thorns, glass, flints, and other sharp objects that contact the running surface of the tire, though they can rub on the tubes and be the cause of punctures in their own right.

 * Self-sealing tubes
 * These are tubes with a clotting fluid inside, (Slime).  They automatically seal punctures as and when they develop.   They can be bought with the fluid in them or for tubes with Schrader valves the fluid can be added separately.

The Causes of Flats
A flat tire or puncture is most often caused by glass, thorns, flints or nails when they cut through the outer rubber tread of the tire and damage the inner tube. These deflations are usually quick, at least when the object is removed. Although this is the most obvious way to get a flat tire there are other ways too. Consider these:

 * Internal abrasion on metal parts
 * If the spoke ends are not covered by the rim-tape properly, then this might happen. Other possibilities include a rubbing valve stem, or a bare edge wire in the rubber parts.  Inspect the inside of the tire for these and for old inclusions that are sometimes missed.   Also, make sure that the valve stem is straight in the rim opening.

 * Rough edges from tube liners or worn internal surfaces in tires
 * Tube liners have been reported to cause punctures, and this author has experienced a slow puncture at the free end of a liner in a two month old tube.  When a tire's cladding is frayed or holed, it can rub on the tube and cause damage.   Tires can sometimes be made good with an internal patch or boot; this is a specially made patch or one improvised by adding a loosely fitted section of old inner tube over the inflated one at the site of the repeated abrasion.

 * Recurrent movement of the tube
 * This happens mostly when tires are soft. The tires flatten or bottom-out on encountering bumps and form double faults or snake-bites in the tire.  Tires inflated to near their maximum have fewest of these.

 * Incorrect seating of the tube
 * If the tube is not seated well before inflating the tire, it is exposed to unusual stresses that lead to single faults called pinches. When inflating tires, first add a little air to the tube then press both sides of the tire around the whole perimeter to check that no tube rubber will be trapped.

 * Rough handling of the tube
 * Some outer tires leak fluid when they are punctured, as do tubes with built-in puncture repair fluids.  These cause the tube to become glued to the inside of the tire.  If the user does not know this and pulls the tube too hard when removing it, a crescent shaped weakness in the rubber results.  These areas usually become punctures, often after only a few days.   Expect binding of slimy tubes when removing them and prize any sticky sections apart carefully.

 * Manufacturing faults
 * These happen sometimes though it is difficult to tell these from other punctures.  If such a fault is obvious then return it for a replacement at the store where it was bought.  Commonly available tubes have a thickness of about 0.9mm though racing tubes are thinner; some downhill tubes are are made up to 2mm thick.  The thicker tubes are slower to produce pinches and snakebites though they have a greater rotational mass, (heavy pedaling), and in any case are rarely stocked by bike shops.

 * A series of recurrent punctures,
 * where there seems to one every other day suggests that either the user is at fault in not properly clearing the cause of punctures, or that a long series of pinches and snakebites are just starting to break through.  Replace the tube, check the state of the inside tire, or perhaps install a tube sealant.

 * Valve leakage
 * Some valve cores can develop slow leaks when the fibers of tube sealants settle within them, and not all valve cores can be removed for cleaning. If a valve is not positioned squarely where it protrudes from the rim of the wheel, then the rubber will be stressed at that point and a puncture is likely to develop.

Replace or Repair?
It is undoubtedly easier to change a tube for a new one than it is to find the puncture in the original. For this reason many riders carry both puncture repair materials and a new tube when they travel for any great distance.

When on the road it is sometimes difficult to find the point on an inner tube that is punctured. If it is a slow puncture it might be possible to pump some air into the tube, perhaps more than once, enough to reach home or a more convenient place to do the work. If is it a quick deflation, then a repair or replacement becomes necessary. When an object penetrates a tire it is best not to remove it immediately if it is the only thing that keeps air in the system. Instead, use the remaining air to get the bike home before removing it.

If the tires are fitted with self-sealing fluids it might be that the puncture will have been fixed already and that the tire just needs to be inflated. A puncturing object should be removed from such a tire only when the part with the inclusion has been rotated to the six-o'clock position; this allows the internal sealant to fully reach the puncture. A different method is needed for slow-to-seal sidewall pinches; allow the fluid to pond at the bottom of the tire then tilt the wheel, slowly rotating it, so that the fluid can reach the internal sidewalls.

If the tire is not self-sealing, and must be repaired rather than replaced, then the remainder of this page will explain how.

The Basic Tools
This section lists the basic requirements for tube repair. The primary items are these:

 * A pump that fits your valves
 * Adaptors too for some pumps.

 * Puncture patches
 * The kind that need glue or the ones that are pre-glued.

 * Rubber vulcanizing solution
 * This is the glue that sticks rubber together. It is not needed for some kinds of patches.  You also need a pin to puncture the top of the tube.

 * A small piece of fine oil paper or sandpaper
 * A pen
 * that can make marks on rubber, like a black Sharpie(TM), or a wax crayon. Users please comment on what is best. I have found that a pen with 'metallic silver' ink works very well for marking inner tubes.

 * Tire levers
 * You need at least two of these; plastic or metal. Some repair kits include these.

 * A talcum block
 * This is included in some puncture kits with a scraper.

Also useful are these:
 * Wrenches
 * If the bike has nutted axles instead of quick-release skewers, you'll need some tools to remove the nuts so you can take the wheel off, e.g. "ring spanner" or some other type of wrench. Some bicycles require two wrenches.  Try out your tools before riding to be sure that they are the right ones to carry.

 * Hex wrenches
 * You might need to release the brakes to get the wheel off.

 * Valve core removal tools
 * These are needed only for tubes with removable valve cores, but are useful when self-sealing fluids have clogged the valves, or the cores have become loose. Removable Presta valve cores such as those of Schwalbe and Bontrager have flats on them that can be turned with pliers.

 * A spare new inner-tube
 * in case all else fails.

The Repair Procedure
Examine the flat tire carefully to find any sharp item that may be responsible. If a nail, thorn, shard of glass, or a flint is found in the outer tire then mark the rubber of the outer tire with a wax crayon or suitable pen so that the location is easily found. Continue to check the tire in case there are more.

Some punctures of inner-tubes also cause damage to the fabric of the outer tire, so look for any potential problems such as a bulge, that suggests a torn carcass, or for exposed carcass cord. If such damage is excessive then it may cause repeated punctures to inner tubes. At this time the method to correct such damage involves the surfacing of the inside of the tire with a so-called boot; a pre-glued patch that keeps the fibers clear of the tube. A piece of an old inner tube can also be used as a temporary fix, if loosely wrapped around the tube in the location of the damage. This latter fix suggests that it might be a good idea to carry an old piece of inner tube in your repair kit. At this time there is no rubber-based filler for cuts in outer tire cladding, so water ingress is likely.

If there is no clear cause of the puncture and the location remains obscure, or if it is a slow puncture, then the wheel will need to be removed to get proper access to the inner tube. Methods are given below that include both wheel removal and repair with the wheel in place.

Bike tire sticks on Rim - solution … It won't always happen but you can't get enough purchase on the edge to push the tire over the inner rim … So what do you do? After several attempts to lever off with the tire lever … The tire and tube were 100% empty of air … I put one foot on VERY FIRMLY on the tire (soft sole) and the applied 1 tire lever to push the bead over the rim and it came over the rim relatively easily.

I was then able to access the tube.

Inserting my spare tube, and making sure it was tucked snugly inside the tire (again completely empty of air), I again had difficulty coaxing the tire bead over the last couple of inches of the wheel rim. (sounds familiar ). by the way leaving the tire on the wheel rim I flipped it inside out and had a good look inside to try (and out ) to try and make sue there were no spikes, pins or thorns on either side that might puncture the new tube.

I had applied all due pressure with both tire levers bring the tire levers closer together but the last few inches was eluding me.

What did I do? You've guessed it. I removed one tire lever and once again I applied my trusty foot to on edge / rim of the tire, and then brought the remaining tire lever along the edge (both hands now available) until I got the tire bead to flip completely over the wheel rim.

Eureka!

Not to be recommended but any port in a storm!

Wheel in place
Most punctures need the wheel removed, but if you are sure that you know where the hole is, you can do the repair with the wheel still on the bike. This method is popular on bikes that need wrenches to remove the wheels, and for rear wheels, even when they are of the quick-release type. However, if the front wheel is of the quick-release type, you will usually find it more comfortable to remove it anyway. The sequence for an on-the-bike repair is just:
 * 1) Prop up the bike in a stable position against a wall, fence, or use the bike stand.
 * 2) Move the punctured part of the wheel to a convenient angle where it is easiest to work.
 * 3) Deflate the tire.
 * 4) Remove one bead of the tire from the rim using tire levers as necessary, then gently pull out the section of tube with the puncture.
 * 5) Correct the problem, then re-inflate the tire.  The methods for doing so are described in the sections below, though readers should ignore the parts that do not apply to their situations.

Wheel Removed

 * Set the bike in an upright position against a wall or fence, and because the bike will become unstable when the wheels are removed, the frame might need to be secured. Some risk scuffing the paintwork and turn the bike upside down for wheel removal.
 * Remove the wheel from the frame. On some bikes, you need to spread or detach the brakes to do this, though deflation of the tire first will usually make it possible.
 * If your bike has Quick release wheels, remove the wheel by loosening and unscrewing the quick-release bolts (skewers).
 * If your wheel is attached to the frame by ordinary nuts, undo them with a ring spanner (wrench).
 * If you have to take off the back wheel, it is usually a bit more complicated, because you need to get the wheel past the chain. If your bike has multiple gears Derailleur gears, change into the very top (smallest) rear and front gears to slacken the chain as much as possible.  This makes it easier to get the wheel off.

Remove the Inner Tube

Be careful too, with the valve when it is removed from its rim, and remember to first remove the locking screw on the rim if the valve is of the Presta type.
 * If the tire is not fully deflated, open the valve and let the rest of the air out, as any residual air will make it difficult to get the tire off and the tube out. If you have Schrader valves then remove the plastic cap and press the center-pin in the middle of the valve.  If you have Presta valves, remove the plastic cap, undo the metal locking screw all the way to its end, then press the end of the valve to release the air.  Later, during patching, the Presta valve can be prevented from refilling again, if necessary, by re-tightening the metal locking screw;  no such procedure is needed for the Schrader since it has an internal spring.
 * With the tire deflated, insert the smooth end of a tire lever under the bead of the tire at a position far from the valve.  While doing this be certain that the inner tube is not trapped by the tire lever.  The tire lever is used with the bent end facing inward so that it can be hooked onto the spoke to keep it positioned.  With it so positioned, insert another tire lever about four inches or so from the first, in the same way.  Continue moving and inserting the tire levers until one bead of the tire is free of the rim.  In the case of wide tires this task is fairly easy but for slim tires another tire lever may be useful.
 * Remove the inner tube very gently, whether it is just a local section or the whole tube. Always anticipate that the tube is sticking to the inside of the tire, and that wrenching it will cause a stretch-weakness.  If the tube seems stuck, then use extra care in separating it from the tire, perhaps softening any glued-up tube sealant with some water before easing the two apart.

Find the Puncture

 * If you intend repairing the tube without removing the wheel, the location of the puncture will be already known, but otherwise the puncture still needs found.
 * Remove any penetrating objects, and carefully inspect the inside of the tire, visually and by hand contact to make sure that there are no remaining causes of punctures.
 * A fast leak in the tube can be found by inflating the tube and listening for the escaping air. Another method is to dampen a hand, then detect the cooling effect of the leak by feeling around the tube.  Sometimes a small hole is visible, especially near a stretch mark on the tube, or in a place that was sticking to the inside of the tire.   Another likely place is at the free end of a  tire liner.  If the leak is still not found then submerge the inflated tube in a basin or a sink to look for air bubbles.  During this process, it helps if the tube is folded and compressed with the hands to aggravate the leak.  Use a ball point pen, felt marker, or the chalk supplied with your puncture repair kit to mark an X on the location of the puncture. Make the X somewhat wider than the patch diameter. This will enable you to center the patch over the hole.

Repair the Tube

 * In the area of the puncture, lightly roughen the surface of the tube with the sandpaper to expose clean rubber for the bonding process. Rubber-to-rubber patches make continuous bonds that extend though the glue layer. Although the stresses on tube patches are fairly low, there are nonetheless optimal conditions for success:
 * Surfaces must be clean, dry, flat, and oil-free.
 * This assures a good connection.

 * The glue layer must be thin.
 * Thin layers are strong and airtight and bonding is fast.

 * The bonding must be undisturbed.
 * Escaping air or movement will weaken it.

 * The best patches are pressed while they set.
 * Press the parts together.

 * Make sure that the tube is completely deflated before applying a patch as escaping air might spoil the effort; Presta valves can be locked if need be, to prevent their re-filling. There are different kinds of patches in use, and each kind is accompanied by instructions of its own. A few of these are mentioned below.
 * Pre-glued rubber patches with foil backings usually require that a thin film of glue be applied to the tube, slightly larger than the intended patch, and left until tacky. Then the backing is removed and the patch is stuck firmly onto the puncture. To avoid handling the glued surface, expose one corner of the patch first and apply it to the tube, then withdraw the remainder of the backing while completing the connection.  Some have a handling film that can be left in place.   If too much glue has been used, be sure to press the parts together for an extended period before use; hours rather than minutes.
 * Recently, thin clear-film patches have been made available. These do not need a priming layer of glue, and are pre-glued. After surface preparation, these are transferred to the tube directly, using the progressive removal of the backing as described above. Like other methods, they depend on a clean, dry, oil-free, flat surface for the greatest success.  They are perhaps the easiest to use, and do not need a separate glue supply.
 * Conventional rubber patches need a thin priming layer for the tube and also for the patch, then when tacky, the patch is made.
 * After making the patch scrape some of the talcum block onto any visible glue to prevent sticking.
 * The bond of the patch strengthens with time. Although a perfect patch can be used almost immediately, if there is no real hurry, leave the patch to set as long as possible before inflation.
 * The most difficult patch to make is one located near a ridge in the rubber; the ridge spoils the airtight connection, and ridges are hard to remove or make flat enough, even with sandpaper. Sealant-filled tubes can repair such punctures without difficulty.

Refit the Tube

 * Before the replacement of the inner tube, make sure that the causes of the puncture have been removed.  In addition, run fingers around the inside of the tire to find any rough spots that could cause damage to the tube; if found, they can be fitted with a boot, a durable seal that goes over the rough bits of the inner tire, or a loose piece of old inner tube around that section of the tube itself.  Check that the rim tape, (liner), covers the spoke ends and clean any leaked  sealant from the inner tire with a damp cloth.
 * Some tires have arrows on the sidewalls to indicate which way round the tire tread is to be aligned; make sure that this is correct. When all is well, add a little air to the tube to give it some shape, and fit it into the tire. Take care in feeding the valve stem through the rim cutout.
 * Starting at the section with the valve, work around the wheel, pushing one bead of the tire onto the rim, using your hands only. If you use a tire lever it is difficult to avoid trapping the tube between the rim and the tire. Make sure also that the valve is straight at the end of this stage, and if it is not then gently straighten it by shifting the tube's position on the rim; not by pulling on the valve.
 * Repeat the process to set the second bead of the tire onto the rim following the same procedure as for the first.  Re-check the straightness of the valve stem and make any corrections before proceeding beyond this stage.
 * Work around the tire, pressing both sides toward the center of the rim. If this is easily done then it is clear that the tube is not trapped at any point.
 * Inflate the tire and install it on the bike, paying attention to the inflation limits marked on the tire's sidewall.

Valve Problems
Any inner tube can be checked for leaks by first inflating it, and submerging it in water. Telltale air bubbles will seen emerging from the site of the leak. This process can be made more effective by forcing sections of the tire between the hands to increase the leakage.

A slow leak can sometimes be caused by the valve itself. Sometimes a leak can be seen in a valve by wetting its various parts with a soapy solution and looking for bubbles.

To try to fix a leaking Schrader valve, deflate the tire, unscrew the valve body with a keyed valve cap or valve tool, and examine the seat or rubber sealing ring for cuts or nicks, dust, lint, or fibers that prevent the valve from closing fully. Likewise check the valve seat and the bore of the valve stem. Clean if necessary. The valve body may be replaced. If no spares exist, an emergency fix can be had by inflating the tire with the valve sealed with silicon rubber, caulk, or cured epoxy resin. Obviously the tube must be discarded after such a process.

If the Presta valves cannot be disassembled, then tubes with leaking valves must be replaced. Some Presta valves, for example, those made by Schwalbe and those of Bontrager have removable cores, but most do not. Such valves can be recognized since they have flat sections on them to allow slackening and tightening of the cores with a valve removal tool.

Internal tube sealants can block both valve stems and cores. However, stems are easily cleared with a thin object after the cores are removed, and sealant can be removed from the cores by washing them in water.

Self Sealing Tires
Sealants will seal most small punctures in tires up to about one eighth of an inch in size. The product (Slime), is already in some tubes bought from bike shops, but can be poured into existing tubes, provided that they have removable valve cores. There are a few points peculiar to the use of tires with internal sealants.
 * New tires with sealant
 * When a tube with sealant is first installed, rotate the wheel quickly several times, occasionally operating the brake, to fully spread the product.

 * Parking position for the wheels
 * Because valves might become clogged with sealant when the bike is stationary for any length of time, the wheels should be routinely set to a position that allows the solution to drain from the valve. The position that does this best is either the five o'clock or seven o'clock positions.  See the adjacent diagram.

 * Inflating sealed tires
 * When the tires are being inflated there is a significant airflow.  To avoid any unnecessary clotting of the sealant, position the valves as for parking, in the five o'clock or seven o'clock positions.

 * Clogged valves
 * Despite best efforts, and sometimes at the point of purchase, the valve core or the valve stem will be blocked.  For this reason it is always best to use tubes with removable cores; these can be rinsed in water to clean them, or the stems can be unblocked with a thin object.   A valve removal tool is useful.

 * Removing puncturing objects
 * Before removing a penetrating object from a sealed tire, first rotate the site of the puncture to the six-o'clock position to give maximum exposure to the sealant pool.  This will minimize the air loss before the puncture is sealed.

 * Slow puncture repair
 * Sidewall punctures, snakebites and pinches are sometimes slow to heal.  This is because the airflow is low and the conventional rotation speed might be excessive.   To make sure that slow punctures are fixed, first allow the sealant to pool at the bottom of the tire, then tilt the wheel and slowly rotate it so that the sidewall has full access to the sealant.   Repeat for the other sidewall.

 * Patching a sealed tube
 * Sealant leaked into a tire can be removed with a wet cloth. Punctures too big for the sealant to handle can be patched in the usual way, but the patch will fail unless all traces of sealant are first removed from the surface. During the sealing of punctures, a small amount of sealant can cause sticking of the tube to the inside of the tire.  When such tubes are being removed, try to anticipate this so that the tube is not weakened by the inevitable stretching.  Rather than tugging the tube, consider using water to soften the gluing effect.


text:
User:Mrdrawerguy

Jenfer Perry Chaz (born 25 years ago) is a world class leader in awesomeness, money-making and breakdancing.

Early Life and Family
Chaz was born on December 26, 1990, at the Wembley Hospital for Childbirth and Dysentery in the rocky suburbs of Kamloops, British Columbia. From the womb, he knew he would become the best muser in all of human history.

title: User:Mrdrawerguy


text:
Talk:Detective Comics 27

"The Case of the Chemical Syndicate is a comic book story arc"
Does one issue count as a story arc........? -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 09:43, 4 February 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Detective Comics 27


text:
Lucian Smeets

Dr. Lucian Smeets was a Belgian stamp forger operating around the early 1900s.

Smeets used a sophisticated method of taking an original stamp with the correct perforations, paper and watermark for the one he wished to forge, fading out the printing and then printing a new design of the desired stamp on the blank.

Among the stamps Smeets is believed to have forged are:
 * British Solomon Islands Protectorate canoe stamps.
 * British Victorian stamps.
 * Nevis.
 * Serbian stamps of 1901 and 1904.

title: Lucian Smeets


text:
User:Rlefler5

Richard Lefler is a student at Arcadia University learning to use Wikipedia for a class. As part of a class assignment he helped develop the Wikipedia page for Star Wars: The Clone Wars (novel).

title: User:Rlefler5


text:
Talk:David Levin (businessman)

Occupation Change in 2017
As of October, 2017 David Levin is no longer President and CEO of McGraw-Hill Education. Occupation should be updated accordingly. This change is requested on behalf of McGraw-Hill Education. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:04, 23 October 2017 (UTC)

Untitled
Why if he was born in Rhodesia does it say in the right column that he was born in South Africa? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:55, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Levin (businessman)


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/gamesabz.com

Links

 * gamesabz.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is blacklisted by games on [//nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist nl.wikibooks.org]
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is blacklisted by games on [//nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist nl.wikibooks.org]

Additions

 * Displayed all 14 additions.


text:
Talk:Mustangs of Las Colinas

Untitled
I think there is a mistake with "Robert Glen". The link is to a Scottish footballer and not to an artist... Sorry, but I can't make the correction. Simona (simona77 on it.wikipedia) — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:07, 24 January 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mustangs of Las Colinas


text:
Talk:Practicing without a license

"Unlicensed" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Unlicensed. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 September 19 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 13:25, 19 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Practicing without a license


text:
Talk:Darryl Stingley

Darryl finishing course work by correspondence and getting his degree in 1992
Darryl Stingley: Ex-Football Star Tells Why He Has Forgiven Football Player Who Left Him Paralyzed, Jet Magazine, Clarence Waldron, June 8, 1992, pages 34-37.

Stingley, in Cap and Gown, Hears Cheers Again, NY Times,TIMOTHY W. SMITH, May 10, 1992.

I want to take the time to later summarize this. FriendlyRiverOtter (talk) 21:51, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

 * How's this: "On May 9, 1992, having completed his remaining 24 credit hours through a correspondence course program, Darryl Stingley received his bachelor of physical education from Purdue University."   FriendlyRiverOtter (talk) 19:10, 1 August 2010 (UTC)

Stingley Will Get Degree, Sarasota Herald-Tribute, page 3C, April 21, 1992.

Balance needs to be added
''Stingley believed Tatum's efforts to contact him were nothing more than profit-motivated publicity stunts.[17] However, in a 1992 article in Jet Magazine, Darryl said that he forgave Jack a long time ago. But he also said that Jack had had opportunities to contact him over the years and never really made an effort. As might be expected, the situation is complicated.''

I know its Stingley wiki article but it might be advantageous to add Tatums response to this ""It's not so much that Darryl doesn't want to, but it's the people around him," Tatum told the Oakland Tribune in 2004. "So we haven't been able to get through that. Every time we plan something, it gets messed up. Getting to him or him getting back to me, it never happens." http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=5413917 --Illuminati hater (talk) 13:26, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Okay, yeah, this might be a pretty good idea.  FriendlyRiverOtter (talk) 23:33, 4 August 2010 (UTC)  And look, Jack doesn't strike me as having been a bad guy.  And one of our references here talks about how this is the nature of the game, that we the fans like the big hits.  And we rather make Jack a scapegoat because we don't want to ask the deeper questions.   Then, I'm glad I read about Darryl Stingley.  I didn't know he had that big a heart.  All the same, it is an emotionally investing topic and subject.  And I can't make any guarantees when I'll feel the right kind of energy to get back to it.  So, if you catch the spirit to dive into it, by all means, do your best work.  Make our article excellent.   FriendlyRiverOtter (talk) 22:34, 6 August 2010 (UTC)

Coach John Madden reaching out.
Spartanburg Herald-Journal (South Carolina), Chicago (AP), “Stingley Battling Back One Year Later”, page D1, July 27, 1979. Coach John Madden had visited Darryl Stingley many times.

We do talk about this in our article, but this might be another good reference. FriendlyRiverOtter (talk) 20:59, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

reference already in our article
A Madden in Full, Pat Toomay, Special to Page 2, ESPN.

" .  .  .  In the days and weeks that followed, Madden visited Stingley, if not daily, then as often as he could. During one visit, Madden discovered a malfunction in Stingley's ventilator. In summoning a nurse to fix the problem, Madden might have saved Stingley's life.

"Football is about assault and survival, as much as it is about anything. Collisions are where each play starts and ends. Grace exists on the field to elude savagery. Men are meant to smash into each other, the harder the better. But they are supposed to get back up, if not instantly, then in seconds, or minutes. After an injury, they come back. It might be months later, or even a year later. But they come back.

"When this fails to happen, as it did in the case of Darryl Stingley, our frailty shows through the masquerade of pads and numbers and facemasks and helmets, the fake armor of invincibility. In such a moment, we don't like what we see. An explanation outside the norms of the game is needed, and so scapegoats are sought. Disturbing feelings are pushed aside. Only the rarest among us grasp the depth of our frailty and still love the game. Is John Madden such a man? I think so. And if I'm right, it all revolves around something that opened him up a long time ago. Something that made him acutely aware of his own vulnerability. .  .  "

Illegal Hit under current rules?
The article states that the hit is still legal as it was head to shoulder. But I think it would be a personal foul now for hitting a defenseless receiver. You don't have to make a helmet to helmet hit to get flagged for this:

All players in virtually defenseless postures are protected from unnecessary hits by the defense, which include helmet-to-helmet contact, helmet-to-body contact, and blows to the head. Intended receivers of forward passes who fail to catch the pass are considered to be in a defenseless position immediately after the pass is missed. (http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/cs-070927askjerrymarkbreit,0,4129003.story)

--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:13, 17 October 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070420020134/http://espn-i.starwave.com/classic/s/moment010812-stingley-paralyzed.html to http://espn-i.starwave.com/classic/s/moment010812-stingley-paralyzed.html
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070410165528/http://archive.profootballweekly.com/content/archives/features_1998/pollack_080399.asp to http://archive.profootballweekly.com/content/archives/features_1998/pollack_080399.asp
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071210162530/http://www.sportsline.com/nfl/story/10109987/2 to http://www.sportsline.com/nfl/story/10109987/2

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title: Talk:Darryl Stingley


text:
Fakhrabad, Nishapur

Fakhrabad (, also Romanized as Fakhrābād) is a village in Eshaqabad Rural District, Zeberkhan District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 409, in 92 families.

title: Fakhrabad, Nishapur


text:
Neurochemical Liberation

Course Description
"Let us declare nature to be legitimate. All plants should be declared legal, and all animals for that matter. The notion of illegal plants and animals is obnoxious and ridiculous."

-Terence McKenna

Readings
Neuroscience

Controlled Substances Act

Pharmako/Poeia by Dale Pendell ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>

Pharmako/Dynamis by Dale Pendell ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>

Pihkal: A Chemical Love Story by Alexander and Ann Shulgin ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>

Tihkal: The Continuation by Alexander and Ann Shulgin ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>

Plants of the Gods: Their Sacred, Healing, and Hallucinogenic Powers by Richard Evans Schultes, Albert Hoffman, and Christian Ratsch ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>

Drug Crazy: How We Got Into This Mess And How We Can Get Out Of It by Mike Gray ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>

Syllabus

 * /Neurochemistry Basics/
 * /Action Potential/
 * /The Synapse/
 * /Receptors/
 * /Neurotransmission/
 * /Dopamine/
 * /Gamma Amino Butyric Acid/
 * /Serotonin/
 * /Glutamate/
 * /Adenosine/

The Outside World

 * Erowid
 * Drug Policy Alliance
 * Drug Reform Coordination Network
 * Bluelight Drug Discussion Forums
 * Wikipedia

title: Neurochemical Liberation


text:
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