text:
San Benedetto del Tronto

San Benedetto del Tronto is a city and comune in Marche, Italy. Part of an urban area with 100,000 inhabitants, it is one of the most densely populated areas along the Adriatic Sea coast. It is the most populated city in Province of Ascoli Piceno, with 47,034 (Decembre 2023). Its port is one of the biggest on the Adriatic; it is the most important centre of Riviera of the Palms, with over 8,000 Phoenix canariensis, Washingtonia and P. sylvestris plants. San Benedetto del Tronto's economy depends on tourism, aimed above all at families.

Geography
San Benedetto del Tronto rises on the shores of the Adriatic Sea and is located about 28 km east of Ascoli Piceno. It is the southernmost coastal town in the Marche region. The municipal territory extends for 25.41 km2 and has the conformation of a coastal hill, with an altitude level between 0 and 282 height above sea level in the "Barattelle" contrada, it extends for 9.3 km along the coast of the middle Adriatic, of which 1.7 km in the protected natural area of the "Sentina". The city has an ancient nucleus (the "high country" or "su dèntrë" in Sambenedettese) on a modest relief not far from the sea, at the foot of which develops the original settlement of the most recent part "Navy". This is crossed by the Albula torrent and has developed over the years up to the river Tronto, to the south, incorporating the locality Porto d'Ascoli, while at north it joins with the Ischia district of Grottammare, with which it constitutes a single urban agglomeration that reaches almost until Tesino. Southwest following the river bank Tronto merges with the Centobuchi, a frazione of Monteprandone. The municipality borders with Acquaviva Picena, Grottammare, Martinsicuro (TE) and Monteprandone. The municipality of San Benedetto del Tronto and the neighboring municipalities of Grottammare, Acquaviva Picena, Monteprandone, Colonnella and Martinsicuro are a single urban entity there being a solution of continuity between the settlements. This agglomeration has undergone a considerable and constant development since the post-war period to the present day: in 1951 it had 47.337 inhabitants, 70.140 in 1971, 96.012 in 2007 and 100.611 in July 2010 distributed on a territory of 125 km2 and with a population density of 805 ab / km2.

However, the Metropolitan area (or region) of San Benedetto del Tronto, based on commuter flows and identified with the 'Functional Urban Regions' (FURs) methodology, is much larger. According to this methodology, all the neighboring municipalities that have at least 10% commuting rate towards it must be aggregated to the metropolitan pole. The metropolitan area of San Benedetto del Tronto thus reaches a population of 175,818 inhabitants, distributed in 23 municipalities within a radius of 15 km (including Martinsicuro, Grottammare, Alba Adriatica, Monteprandone and Tortoreto) from the city over a territory of 472 km2 and with a population density of 366 inhabitants / km2.

Climate
San Benedetto enjoys a particularly benign climate Mediterranean, with winters mild (7 °C or so of seasonal medium), and they are moderately rainy, but snow often makes its appearance, also managing to periodically cover the city with a moderate white covering. This event is favored by the establishment of an active depression on the Ionian, which draws cold air from the Balkans. In the months between December and February, the "sambendettese" coast, like the entire Adriatic coast, is under the influence of currents from the northeast or the east, from the Buran, a typical wind of the East European Plain, bringing cold and frost characterized by discrete accumulations of snow on the coasts. The snowfall of 12 March 1956 and the relative cold wave represent a meteorological event of particular importance, it was called the "nevone". Other snow phenomena of significant importance were in January 1985 and 1986, ale recent snowfalls of 2012, 2018. The hot Summer's, but not sultry (about 23 °C of seasonal average), rarely exceed maximum temperatures over 32 °C. The average annual temperature is about 15 °C while the Precipitation are generally between 700 and 800 mm.

History
San Benedetto del Tronto was a martyr and a soldier born in Cupra during the reign of Roman Emperor Diocletian. Shortly thereafter, following the edict of Constantine in 313 AD, some believers built a chapel around the tomb. Since then, San Benedetto has been highly revered by locals. He later built a small church which included an apse facing the east and its entrance facing the west, in accordance with the early Christian tradition that the east, where the sun rises, and the sunrise is symbolic of Christ's resurrection. Historians argue that archaeological findings indicate Roman origins, linking San Benedetto to the ancient city of Alba Picena on the right bank of the Albula river.

The first document which indicated the name of the village dates from 998. The document was an act concerning the investiture of the benefice of SS. Vincent and Anastasius in the territory of Acquaviva Piceno by Hubert bishop of Fermo. The document contains the phrase "Pede sive terra et silva Sancti Benedicti", referring to the city. In 1211, Emperor Otto IV granted the territories ranging from the Tronto River to the Potenza river to the town of Fermo. In 1245, Emperor Frederick II granted Ascoli Piceno a stretch of coast between the Ragnola river and Tronto river to build a fortified port. In the following years, there were disputes between Ascoli and Fermo. In 1478, there was a plague epidemic which decimated the city's population. The area remained virtually uninhabited until refugees from Romagna repopulated San Benedetto where they were granted land leases. From the 16th century until the 19th century, the Turks repeatedly invaded the city where they captured sailors and forced them into slavery. Since 1650, the urban center expanded beyond the city walls. In 1754, the first marine suburbs, Sant'Antonio da Padova and Marina, were created. In 1860, the "Cacciatori delle Alpi" freed the city from the dominion of the church. The Royal Decree giving San Benedetto the "del Tronto" attribute was in 1896. In 1936, the village of Porto d'Ascoli was absorbed into the city of San Benedetto del Tronto.

During Second World War, the city suffered 144 air raids and 6 naval bombardments. Following the end of the war, the city's economy and businesses prospered. Fishing became a cornerstone of the local economy and in the 1960s and 1970s, the city became one of the largest national fishing ports. After the war, San Benedetto became a tourist destination on the Adriatic coast.

Gualtieri Tower
The Gualtieri Tower (Torrione) is an old observatory dating back to the 12th–13th century located on the highest and oldest part of the city known as San Benedetto Alta. The tower is 20 m tall and provides a complete view of the city.

Monument to the fisherman
This statue is located at the point where the waterfront joins the southern dock of the harbor basin and reproduces the fishermen's estate during storms, when, to draw attention to the danger deriving from the looming fog over the sea, they used the trumpet. It is the work of Cleto Capponi, a Grottammarese artist.

The Jonathan seagull monument
Created by the artist Mario Lupo in 1986, the monument to the seagull Jonathan Livingston Seagull, protagonist of the book by Richard Bach, rises along the southern pier promenade, the one that was renamed The Jonathan's way. The work, projected for 10 meters, encloses the life of seagulls and water in a blue circle. It is the symbol of the generous industriousness and tenacity typical of seafarers, people used to face and overcome obstacles and difficulties silently.

Museum of the Sea Museum
The "Polo del Mare" museum complex is composed of five sections: the "Augusto Capriotti" Fish Museum, the Amphora Museum, the Marche Marine Civilization Museum, the Truentinum Antiquarium and the Sea Picture Gallery. The first four are located in the Wholesale Fish Market area. The Pinacoteca del Mare instead is located inside the Palazzo Piacentini.

"Augusto Capriotti" Fish Museum
It is among the most important museums in the Piceno area. Named after the distinguished Sambenedese scientist Augusto Capriotti, inaugurated in 1956 it now includes over 9,000 specimens divided into: fish, crustaceans, molluscs, cetacea, echinoderms, coelenterates and fossils. Also interesting is the library containing more than 1,000 volumes including rare texts of historical and scientific value.

Museum of Amphorae
Housed near the port, it represents a unique collection of amphoras of disparate ages (Canaanite, Phoenician, Punics, Greek, Roman and Byzantine) collected throughout the Mediterranean from the Sambenedetti fishing boats that they practiced bottom trawling, a technique that had not been permitted for years, which made it possible to recover these lost finds from past civilizations.

Museo d'Arte sul Mare (MAM)
The Museo d'Arte sul Mare (MAM) is a permanent open-air museum that stretches over 1,150 meters along the 'Molo sud' (walkway) (called  Jonathan's street ). It contains 195 artworks, of which 170 are sculptures made on the faces of the breakwater blocks of travertine lined up along the walk and 25 murals. The artworks have been created over the years by 164 sculptors and wall painters coming from 37 nations of five continents, guests of the International Art Symposium " Festival dell'Arte sul Mare" .

The pedestrian street
The historic Viale Secondo Moretti, built at the beginning of the thirties of the last century by the engineer Luigi Onorati as part of the project that led to the construction of the waterfront, located in the city center, perpendicular to the beginning of the northern waterfront, has been for decades now, the meeting place of the Sambenedettese population and the surrounding area. Pedestrian area, recently renovated, home to the city's historic premises and numerous commercial activities, for some years now it has been enriched by a collection of works of modern art, in particular sculptures, by Ugo Nespolo, Enrico Baj, Mark Kostabi, Paolo Consorti, Marco Lodola, Paolo Annibali.

The center of the pedestrian street, a key meeting place of the town, is the Giorgini square (or Giorgini rotunda), dedicated to Carlo Giorgini, one of the most beloved mayors of the city, located at the intersection of the end of Viale Secondo Moretti and the north start of the waterfront. The fountain located in the center of the square has now become a symbol of the city.

Waterfront
In 1931, on the project of the engineer Luigi Onorati, the promenade was built which, still today, as well as being an essential means of communication, is the center of San Benedetto. Considered disproportionate at the time of construction, it has a roadway with a total width of 30 meters and starts from the Giorgini roundabout (the rotunda), at the end of the central Viale Moretti, and, in its northernmost part, for the withdrawal of the sea consequent to the continuous enlargement of the port, it is very backward compared to the sea shore. Concludes at the Salvo D'Acquisto roundabout for a total length of about 5 km.

Riviera delle Palme
The "Riviera delle Palme" is a beach located in San Benedetto del Tronto. It has annually been awarded a Blue Flag since 1998. The Blue Flag is a certification awarded to beaches and marinas by the Foundation for Environmental Education which qualify with its environmental standards.

Fishing
San Benedetto del Tronto has become, over the centuries, a fishing and tourist center of primary national importance. In 1912 the launch of a motorized fish-carrier began a process of transformation of the propulsion of the ships that, from the sail, reached the ocean fishing vessels. Alongside these events there have also been modernizations and developments also in other sectors directly linked to maritime activities, such as shipbuilding, hemp processing, cable and network construction, naval workshops, on-board instrumentation, fish marketing (San Benedetto boasts the most important wholesale fish market in Italy), the cold chains for the transport of fish.

Although in continuous decline, this sector remains a driving force for the local economy if we do not consider only the properly maritime part (note that San Benedetto del Tronto is the second Italian port, behind Mazara del Vallo, for quantity of fish caught and number of fishing boats and one of the largest fish markets in Italy) but all related industries are taken into account and above all the highly developed canning industry which, established to support the marketing of fish, now operates on all food products, mainly fruit and vegetables. In San Benedetto del Tronto we also find a vocational training center for offshore fishing workers.

Tourism
The tourism represents the most important item of the city income. San Benedetto has established itself, since the early decades of the twentieth century, as a popular seaside resort. Since the second half of the sixties, it has also established itself as the first tourist destination of Marche in terms of number of presences.

It boasts the Blue Flag of the European Community and invests in promoting and consolidating an image acquired not only nationally. This image has been conveyed, for about a decade, with the mark "Riviera delle Palme", a name which, sharing them under the same Tourism Promotion Company, also encompasses the other two countries bordering the southernmost part of Province of Ascoli Piceno, Grottammare and Cupra Marittima, as well as some villages in the San Benedetto area, Offida, Monteprandone, Acquaviva Picena, Ripatransone and the Lazio municipality of Accumoli (joined the consortium in 2008).

Typical local cuisine
San Benedetto is in fact the home of "Brodetto alla sambenedettese", a Fish soup that differs from other recipes in the addition of Bell pepper and Vinegar. It is unique in its kind and has existed, according to the locals, "since the fishermen exist".

Drinks
As far as alcohol is concerned, the whole area of Province of Ascoli Piceno is known for the production of Rosso Piceno Superiore, Falerio, Rosso Piceno, Passerina, Vino cotto and  Il Caffè del Marinaio , an ancient recipe of the fishermen of San Benedetto del Tronto.

Transport
San Benedetto del Tronto can be reached by various means:

Motorways
Motorway A14 (Bologna - Taranto), from the south exit San Benedetto - Ascoli Piceno, north side exit Grottammare. From Rome, take the A24 (Rome - L'Aquila) to the end, then follow to Giulianova until reaching the A14: From Florence you can exit at the Valdichiana exit of the A1 and then follow several highways, Perugia - Foligno, Muccia, Macerata - Civitanova Marche, San Benedetto del Tronto. The alternative from Florence is to exit the Orte tollbooth and follow the highways crossing Terni, Foligno, the Sibillini Mountains and Ancona.

Rail
The San Benedetto del Tronto train station is connected to lines that connect it to Milan - Bologna - Ancona - Lecce and also Rome - Falconara Marittima - Ancona.

Bus
There are several regional bus companies that connect San Benedetto del Tronto to the main cities of the center, including Rome (Rome Marche lines and Start).

Airport
The nearest airports are the Marche Airport (Raffaello Sanzio of Ancona - Falconara) and the one of Abruzzo Airport in Pescara.

Ship
The nearest port is in Ancona.

Cycle paths
The city has a large number of cycle paths, so much so that it is possible to follow it without interruption from the north (where it has a connection with the Grottammare cycle path) to the south (plunging into the Sentina Park). From 2001 to 2010, the section that completes a single walk up to Cupra Marittima was completed by extending the long Green Adriatic Corridor. In the coming years the construction of a bridge over the river Tronto is planned, which will make possible the connection between the cycle path inside the Sentina and the waterfront track of Martinsicuro (TE).

At the central railway station and the Sentina natural reserve there is a free Bicycle-sharing system, for tourists and residents, called  C'entro in Bici . The San Benedetto del Tronto cycle path is part of the Green Adriatic Corridor, the bike path that runs along the Adriatic coast and crosses five regions from Emilia-Romagna to Apulia. From the Ciclovia Adriatica (near the Sentina regional nature reserve) the Ciclovia Salaria branches off, a cycling route that, once completed, will go to connect Adriatic coast with Rome and the coast tirrenica (to Ostia) closely following the route of the ancient Via Salaria.

Football
San Benedetto del Tronto is home to the football team S.S. Sambenedettese Calcio. The team has played in Serie B and is currently playing in Lega Pro.

Beach Soccer
The Sambenedettese Beach Soccer company, runs the Serie A, of the Italian beach soccer championship. He won: the Scudetto in 2014 and 2017, the Italian Cup, in 2013 and 2017, the Super Cup in 2014, 2015 and 2017.

Cycling
In March, the city hosts the final stage finish of the Tirreno–Adriatico bicycle race.

Tennis
San Benedetto also hosts the San Benedetto Tennis Cup (a Challenger Tour tennis event) every July that attracts some of the world's best players.

Skating
In 2010 the municipality hosted the European Inline Speed Skating Championships; in 2011 the Italian championships.

Notable people

 * Marco Amabili is a researcher in mechanical engineering wo received significant international recognitions.
 * Nando Angelini (1933 - 2020), was an Italian actor.
 * Riccardo Bugari (1991), is an Italian speed skater. He competed in the 2018 Winter Olympics.
 * Pierluigi Camiscioni (1953 - 2020), was an Italian rugby union player and stuntman.
 * Giovanni Carminucci (1939 - 2007), was an Italian gymnast.
 * Pasquale Carminucci (1937 - 2015), was an Italian gymnast. He was the brother of Giovanni Carminucci and participated in three editions of the Summer Olympics, 1960, 1964 and 1968.
 * Enrica Cipolloni (1990), is an Italian female heptathlete, who won two national championships at individual senior level from 2014 to 2018.
 * Maurizio Compagnoni (1963), is an Italian journalist and sports commentator from Sky Sport.
 * Remo Croci (1957), is an Italian journalist from Mediaset Italia.
 * Paolo Consorti (1964), is an Italian artist and film director.
 * Ugo Crescenzi (1930 – 2017), was an Italian politician and member of the Christian Democrats (DC).
 * Giambattista Croci (1964), is a former Italian rugby union player. He played as a lock.
 * Camillo De Lellis (1976), is an Italian mathematician who is active in the fields of calculus of variations, hyperbolic systems of conservation laws, geometric measure theory and fluid dynamics.
 * Stefano Di Cola (1998), is an Italian swimmer. Is an athlete of the Gruppo Sportivo della Marina Militare.
 * Enzo Eusebi (1960) is an Italian engineer, architect and designer.
 * Massimo Fabbrizi (1977), is an Italian professional target shooter, is an athlete of the Centro Sportivo Carabinieri. He competed in the trap event at the 2012 Summer Olympics where he won the silver medal, an won 3 medals, 2 golds (2005,2011) and 1 silver (2009), you have ISSF World Shooting Championships.
 * Fabiana Fares (1972), is an Italian modern pentathlete. She represented Italy at the 2000 Summer Olympics held in Sydney, Australia.
 * Daniele Giorgini (1984), is an Italian professional tennis player.
 * Jessica Hélène Mattoni (1990), is an Italian gymnast.
 * Mudimbi (1986), is an Italian singer and rapper.
 * Andrea Pazienza (1956 – 1988), was an Italian comics artist and painter.
 * Andrea Rossi (1986), is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender.
 * Daphne Scoccia (1995), is an Italian actress.
 * Linda Valori (1976), is an Italian singer.
 * Sebastiano Vecchiola (1970), is a retired Italian football midfielder.

Twin towns – sister cities
San Benedetto del Tronto is twinned with:

 * 🇫🇷 Alfortville, France
 * 🇺🇸 Chicago Heights, United States
 * 🇦🇷 Mar del Plata, Argentina
 * Šibenik, Croatia
 * 🇦🇹 Steyr, Austria
 * 🇨🇺 Trinidad, Cuba
 * 🇮🇹 Viareggio, Italy

title: San Benedetto del Tronto


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bangladesh–Croatia relations

The result was delete. czar 04:21, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

Bangladesh–Croatia relations

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Tagged for notability for 2.5 years. Relations are the same as Bangladesh has with most countries: no resident ambassadors, no state visits, no bilateral agreements, and negligible economic ties. The Atlas of Economic Complexity shows 2015 bilateral exports from Bangladesh at $12.9M (0.04% of total), and from Croatia at $6.4M (0.05% of total). Possibly merge to Foreign relations of Croatia, although I don't see anything more than diplomatic boilerplate here.

The cited sources are two Bangladesh government press releases that were reprinted by news agencies without analysis. The press releases were issued on the occasion of Croatia's non-resident ambassador presenting his credentials in 2010, and bidding farewell in 2012. Additional press releases for other envoys exist, but stringing together non-independent primary sources would not make the topic suitable for a stand alone encyclopedia article. No coverage in third party, reliable, secondary sources, so fails WP:GNG. Worldbruce (talk) 00:28, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Croatia-related deletion discussions. Worldbruce (talk) 00:28, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Bilateral relations-related deletion discussions. Worldbruce (talk) 00:29, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Bangladesh-related deletion discussions. Worldbruce (talk) 00:29, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

 * delete as nom says absence of various things that typically make a notable bilateral relations. the only relations is a very minor level of trade. LibStar (talk) 02:09, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep Any 2 countries that have any relation at all should have an article where this relation can be documented. This includes articles with very minimal relations.--INDIAN REVERTER (talk) 22:23, 20 September 2017 (UTC) Blocked WP:VOA. --Worldbruce (talk) 02:31, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * absolutely not. there is no inherent notability of bilateral articles. in fact 100s of these with very minimal relations have been deleted. LibStar (talk) 23:42, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

 * delete Nothing to establish notability here. Yilloslime T C  16:47, 26 September 2017 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
John Miers

John Miers may refer to:

 * John Miers (artist) (1756–1821), British artist
 * John Miers (botanist) (1789–1879), British botanist

title: John Miers


text:
Talk:Diarmuid Martin

Fair use rationale for Image:Bonopope.jpg
Image:Bonopope.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

BetacommandBot (talk) 04:18, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Dublin Archdiocese investigation
The report will probably appear here and material from it should be relevant to the article. Given that his cooperation with the investigation, it may reflect well on him.Autarch (talk) 19:10, 24 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Update - report is here.Autarch (talk) 15:04, 26 November 2009 (UTC)

Is subject properly described as "Dr." Martin?
A previous version of this article describes the Archbishop in several places as "Dr." Martin. Yet nowhere in the discussion of his education is there any mention of his receiving a doctoral degree. I have rephrased the references to avoid speaking of "Dr." Martin. But if any user has evidence that this title is appropriate, please insert a specific reference to the source of his doctorate into the article's discussion of his education. Thank you. Nandt1 (talk) 14:59, 26 March 2010 (UTC)
 * The short answer is yes. In Ireland and in some other countries, bishops are considered ex officio Doctors of Divinity.  "D.D" is put after their name, or "Dr" put before it.  However, the reaction of Nadt1 shows that it could surprise people in some other countries and is best avoided.  Furthermore, in a Wikipedia article it is, I maintain, better not to use such title (or titles such as "Archbishop" or "Cardinal") repeatedly, when the plain surname is enough.  Esoglou (talk) 15:11, 26 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Thank you for a fascinating response. That is certainly not an answer that would ever have occurred to me! Nandt1 (talk) 20:48, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

Murphy Report section too long?
This article is about the archbishop, but I feel that the Murphy Report section has become too long. At present there are 16 paragraphs in that section. I totally agree it needs to be mentioned, but it needs pruning. I'm sure that some of the information could be moved to the Murphy Report page or to the Sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Dublin page. Scrivener-uki (talk) 13:02, 29 March 2010 (UTC)

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User:Viranjay

VIRANJAY M. SRIVASTAVA

He is graduated from Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India. And working in Howard College, UKZN, Durban, South Africa.

title: User:Viranjay


text:
Talk:Abraham Khalfon

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Talk:Dichen Lachman

Confusion about nationality
At one point she was an Australian actress, then Nepalese. It could just as well be Tibetan too. I have removed the tag; we should not label her as anything without a source where she states what she identifies herself as. It should be noted that being born in Nepal does not grant you Nepalese nationality. Therefore she should be labeled as an Australian actor of Australian and Tibetan descent since her mother like all other Tibetans living in Nepal would be a Tibetan refugee and would not be considered a Nepalese national by the government of Nepal. She has identified herself to the press as being half Australian and half Tibetan and that she can understand and speak Tibetan but can only understand and not speak Nepali. She has never identified herself as Nepalese to the press.

-- Carbon Rodney 10:58, 6 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Although this request was made 6 years ago I have gone ahead and done it now in order to make the introduction clearer and more accurate. I'm OK if someone wants to drop the German part as being too specific, though. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:01, 12 April 2015 (UTC)

Early life error
Born 1982. In Nepal til she was 8 (=1990). Moved to Aus in 1988. DOES NOT COMPUTE DOES NOT COMPUTE — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:8805:5805:A00:9C9D:6AB3:CBF8:A317 (talk) 03:41, 25 June 2016 (UTC)

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text:
Churails

Churails is a 2020 ZEE5 exclusive and Zindagi Original Pakistani drama web series. It is written and directed by Asim Abbasi. The web series stars Sarwat Gilani, Mehar Bano, Nimra Bucha and Yasra Rizvi in lead roles. It is produced by Asim Abbasi along with Mo Azmi and Shailja Kejriwal. It revolves around Karachi's secret detectives whose mission is to expose the city's unfaithful, elite husbands. It became available for streaming on the OTT platform ZEE5 on 11 August 2020.

Premise
The series focuses on the lives of four women: Sara (Sarwat Gilani), a lawyer that gave up her career to be the "perfect wife", Jugnu (Yasra Rizvi), a wedding planner, Zubaida (Mehar Bano), a boxer seeking independence and love, and Batool (Nimra Bucha), an ex-convict who was sentenced to twenty years in prison for murder. Their lives become intertwined when Sara discovers her husband cheating on her, after which the four decide to set up an agency to catch cheating husbands in action. They run this agency covertly under the guise of a retail burka store called "Halal Designs", and call themselves Churails. When one of them goes missing, their investigation leads them to something much bigger than themselves, dominated by Karachi's most powerful.

Main

 * Sarwat Gilani as Sara Khan
 * Mehar Bano as Zubaida
 * Nimra Bucha as Batool Jan
 * Yasra Rizvi as Jugnu Chaudhry

Supporting

 * Meher Jaffri as Laila
 * Omair Rana as Jamil Khan
 * Sarmed Aftab Jadraan as Dilbar
 * Kashif Hussain as Shams
 * Dimeji Ewuoso as Jackson
 * Shabana Hassan as Resham
 * Mareeha Safdar as Sheila
 * Amtul Baweja as Munni
 * Zara Khan as Baby Doll
 * Bakhtawar Mazhar as Pinky
 * Sameena Nazir as Babli
 * Adnan Malik as Khawar Kureishi "KK"
 * Hina Khawaja Bayat as Sherry
 * Tara Mahmood as Shumaila
 * Maha Hasan as Rida
 * Fawad Khan as Inspector Jamshed
 * Alycia Dias as Jiya

Guest

 * Farah Nadir as Razia (Episode 1–2)
 * Akbar Islam as Ishtiaq (Episode 1–2)
 * Sami Khan (Episode 1–2)
 * Faiza Gillani as Bilquis (Episode 2, 9)
 * Adnan Jillani as Abdul Majeed (Episode 2)
 * Nadia Afgan as Aasia (Episode 3)
 * Adnan Shah Tipu as Sheila's father (Episode 3)
 * Emaan Khan as Young Batool (Episode 3, 4)
 * Sania Saeed as Shehnaz Khalid (Episode 4, 5)
 * Sarmad Sultan Khoosat as Ehtisham Khalid (Episode 4)
 * Hamzah Tariq Jamil as Naeem (Episode 4)
 * Daniyal Raheal as Ro (Episode 5)
 * Adnan 'Reddy' Saeed as Ho (Episode 5)
 * Frieha Altaf as Botox Lady (Episode 6)
 * Fahad Mirza as Shahnawaz (Episode 6)
 * Shamim Hilaly as Jehanara (Episode 7, 10)
 * Laila Zuberi as Tabinda Rafi (Episode 7)
 * Anoushay Abbasi as Saima (Episode 7)
 * Faris Shafi as Abdullah (Episode 8)
 * Mahira Khan as Shagufta (Episode 9)
 * Eman Suleman as Mehak Hussain (Episode 9, 10)
 * Syed Mohammad Ahmed as Iftikhar's lawyer (Episode 10)
 * Khalid Ahmed as Iftikhar Chaudhary(Jugnu’s uncle)

Development
The web series was announced in the first quarter of 2019 to be directed by Asim Abbasi.

Filming
Principal photography commenced with the lead actors Sarwat Gilani, Mehar Bano, Nimra Bucha, Yasra Rizvi and they had been spotted shooting in summer 2019.

Director Asim Abbasi announced the wrap up of web series "Churails" using his Instagram post on 4 September 2019.

Promotion
The official trailer of the web series was launched on 31 July 2020 by ZEE5 on YouTube.

Release
Churails was released on ZEE5, an Indian streaming platform available to audiences across the world. The series started streaming from 11 August 2020.

Reception
Churails has received widespread critical acclaim. It has been hailed as a groundbreaking series that breaks stereotypes about Pakistanis and abandons oft-used tropes in Pakistani television. It has been lauded for its portrayal of three-dimensional women as well as for exploring social dynamics in a diverse city like Karachi, portraying women across social classes and backgrounds.

Furthermore, it has been praised for its sensitive and nuanced depictions of LGBTQ characters, with gay men, lesbian women and transgender characters. Abbasi said, "Because we are showing such a diverse range of women, it was important to show the entire spectrum of sexuality. It would have been wrong if they were all straight because not all women in Pakistan are straight."

Shaheera Anwar at The Express Tribune gave the series 4.5/5 stars, writing "Without compromising on the storytelling, Churails is a feminist masterpiece."

Shubhra Gupta at The Indian Express wrote: "To watch free-spirited, cussing-out-loud, hockey-sticks and rifle-toting, burqa-clad women beating the bejesus out of violent, murderous men, is one of the high points of Churails".

Streaming removal and reinstatement
In October 2020, the series was briefly removed from streaming on ZEE5 without explanation, reportedly in response to complaints from the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) and Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA). However, the series returned to the streaming platform within a day or two. ZEE5 released a statement regarding the removal and reinstatement: "The show was taken off the platform in Pakistan purely in compliance with a directive that we received. We have now addressed the matter and reinstated the show on our platform."

title: Churails


text:
Talk:1968 Auckland City mayoral election

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 11:52, 22 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Dove-Myer Robinson.jpg


text:
Walter Essex Wynter

Walter Essex Wynter (1860–1945) was a physician who is noted for his role in the development of the procedure of lumbar puncture, the means by which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is obtained for the diagnosis of meningitis and other diseases.

Wynter was the son of Andrew Wynter, a physician and the editor of the British Medical Journal from 1855-1861. He was educated at Epsom College, Surrey, and at Middlesex Hospital. During his training he reported four cases in which he performed CSF drainage in children for the treatment of meningitis in the Lancet. His procedure involved an incision and the insertion of a tube to relieve pressure, but all four patients died. He became a physician at Middlesex hospital in 1901.

Wynter retired to Bartholomew Manor at Newbury in Berkshire where he founded the Essex Wynter Charity, providing housing for retired nurses from Middlesex Hospital in the former Raymond Almshouses alongside his home. He is buried nearby in the Newtown Road Cemetery.

title: Walter Essex Wynter


text:
Talk:въскръснѫти

Russian
I entered the Russian word, then thought "OCS is proto South Slavic, not proto East Slavic". But this is a Christian word, and Christianity was introduced to the South Slavs first. So can the Russian word be said to descend from this word? PierreAbbat 11:57, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

 * it's all Greek to me

 * I'll just quote from this page:

 * Although Old Church Slavonic (OCS) is the oldest documented Slavic language, it is not the language from which the other Slavic languages evolved any more than Sanskrit is the language from which the other Indo-European languages evolved. Rather OCS is now thought to be a dialect of one of the branches of the Slavic languages.

 * It is supposed, however, that in the 9th Century the dialectal differences were still minor enough that mutual intelligibility was possible across a wide expanse of the Slavic-speaking community.

 * Nevertheless, the written language continued to exert an influence of its own, even beyond the regions of its origin. For example, in the 11th Century one finds in Old Russian, on the geographical extremity of the Slavic community, constant stylistic and lexical borrowings from OCS as its own literature develops..

 * So basically it could and has influenced Russian, but etymological resources (like Vasmer's dictionary) should be consulted for a specific lexeme. The root *krьsnǫti is Proto-Slavic, but I have no clue whether Russian got воскреснуть from OCS or it evolved separately.

 * I already mentioned this question of cognates of "potentially common etymology" (which, in the absence of paperback evidence from that period cannot be neither proved nor disproved) to mr. Stephen here. I was thinking of making a template similar to that would link cognates in various Slavic languages who (provably) don't share OCS origin, but only Proto-Slavic ones, since hypothetical *xxx forms don't get articles in wich list of "descendants" could be made. --Ivan Štambuk 20:09, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:въскръснѫти


text:
2018 WGC-Dell Technologies Match Play

The 2018 WGC-Dell Technologies Match Play was the 20th WGC Match Play, played March 21–25 at Austin Country Club in Austin, Texas. It was the second of four World Golf Championships in 2018.

Field
The field consisted of the top 64 players available from the Official World Golf Ranking on March 11. However, the seedings were based on the World Rankings on March 18.

Justin Rose (ranked 5th on March 12, personal reasons), Rickie Fowler (7th, personal reasons), Brooks Koepka (8th, wrist injury), Henrik Stenson (15th, personal reasons), Adam Scott (56th, personal reasons), and Joost Luiten (67th, wrist injury) did not compete, allowing entry for Kevin Na (ranked 65th), Charles Howell III (66th), Keegan Bradley (68th), Luke List (69th), and Julian Suri (70th).

Format
In 2014 and earlier editions, the championship was a single elimination match play event. A new format was introduced in 2015, and the championship now starts with pool play, with 16 groups of four players playing round-robin matches, on Wednesday through Friday. The top 16 seeded players are allocated to the 16 groups, one in each group. The remaining 48 players are placed into three pools (seeds 17–32, seeds 33–48, seeds 49–64). Each group has one player randomly selected from each pool to complete the group.

All group play matches are limited to 18 holes with one point awarded for a win and one-half point for a halved match. Only one player advances to the weekend from each of the 16 groupings. After all 3 rounds are played, if 2 or more players are tied for first place in their group, then they play a sudden-death stroke play playoff, beginning on hole 1 and moving beyond if necessary.

The winners of each group advance to a single-elimination bracket on the weekend, with the round of 16 and quarterfinals on Saturday, and the semi-finals, finals, and consolation match on Sunday.

Rank – Official World Golf Ranking on March 19, 2018.

Pool play
Players were divided into 16 groups of four players and played round-robin matches Wednesday to Friday.
 * Round 1 – March 21
 * Round 2 – March 22
 * Round 3 – March 23

Prize money breakdown

 * Source:

title: 2018 WGC-Dell Technologies Match Play


text:
Template talk:Infobox planet/Archive 10

Star parameters and alternate names
I've noticed that the star parameters such as stellar type and all that aren't in this template compared to the other templates. I think they should be added since they give an idea of the info about the star. Also there should be a section in the template for alternate names of the planet as well. --MarioProtIV (talk/contribs) 20:49, 3 February 2019 (UTC)

North Pole RA and DEC?
I plan on adding "distance", "RA" and "DEC" parameters, but I noticed there is a "north pole right ascension" and "north pole declination" under physical characteristics. I've searched high and low and cannot find much of a definition as to what these actually refer to, not even in right ascension and declination. I'm guessing it refers to the point on the celestial sphere that a planet's north pole points to? Can someone provide a definition so I know that RA/DEC won't duplicate these existing fields? — Huntster (t @ c) 07:29, 1 March 2019 (UTC)

 * See Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2009. "Recommended values for the direction of the north pole of rotation and the prime meridian" for all significant Solar System bodies are given in several tables. α$0$ is right ascension in degrees, δ$0$ is declination in degrees, and T is the number of Julian centuries since J2000. "North pole" is the pole that lies on north side of the invariable plane of the Solar System, whether the body has a direct or retrograde rotation. This direction is given by the sign in W with d in Earth days of 86,400 SI seconds. — Joe Kress (talk) 02:29, 3 March 2019 (UTC)

 * , so it's more a way to measure body orientation within a system? (Sorry, I'm being a bit dense today.) Regardless, it sounds like it would not conflict with the more common RA/DEC components. Thanks! — Huntster (t @ c) 02:06, 5 March 2019 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what you mean by "the more common RA/DEC components." If you plan to restate the direction of the pole for retrograde bodies like Venus or Uranus in accordance with the right hand rule (thumb determines direction of north pole if curved fingers of right hand are in direction of rotation), so that it would have a direction in the southern hemisphere, that would be in direct violation of the intent of the IAU resolution and cannot be allowed. Earth's large axial tilt of 23.5° which determines the demarcation of north-south declinations might have some affect. — Joe Kress (talk) 18:08, 6 March 2019 (UTC)
 * If your want to place the current position of the planet as viewed from Earth in its infobox, that would be useless without ready access to coordinates in the Astronomical Almanac or NASA's Heliocentric Trajectories or of approximate formulae such as those in Chapter 31 and Appemdix II of Jean Meeus's Astronomical Algorithms which could be buried in the infobox. — Joe Kress (talk) 21:58, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

 * Sorry if it was not apparent. My only interest is in the RA/DEC of exoplanets, not planets in our own Solar System. Our own planets have far too much motion for those fields to be of any value. — Huntster (t @ c) 01:23, 7 March 2019 (UTC)

Longitude of perihelion
could we have a long_peri parameter to describe Longitude of perihelion/periapsis? The value is very important for describing the orbits of eccentric objects (e.g. comets or damocloids) as it essentially says which direction their elongated elliptic orbit "points". exoplanetaryscience (talk) 19:42, 24 November 2019 (UTC)
 * If it is not listed, it can be computed by longitude of ascending node + argument of periapsis.  ― Дрейгорич / Dreigorich  Talk  01:47, 8 December 2019 (UTC)

Permanent designations of moons
I found a lot of moon articles with 'mpc_designation' used for the permanent Astron/Number designation. Since that's not appropriate for planetary moons (not sure about asteroid moons), I changed it to display simply 'Designation' if 'minor planet' is not invoked. That reads a little weird, as the first line under 'Designations' is 'Designation', but I didn't want to call it 'Planet/Number' because not all primaries are planets. We could make this a separate P/N param, and switch over all the planetary-moon articles, but thought I should check if people have other before making more drastic changes. — kwami (talk) 03:23, 10 March 2020 (UTC)

Template-protected edit request on 15 August 2020
In label43 and label44 change "astron" to "" to match other similar labels. Lasunncty (talk) 12:11, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅.  P.I. Ellsworth   ed.  put'r there 16:13, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

The rotational period isn't a physical characteristic
The existing sections, in the side panel used in all articles on planets, have grown long. It is now hard to find a value under the existing categories.

We have these categories:

 * Designations
 * Orbital characteristics
 * Physical characteristics
 * Atmosphere

Perhaps we need these, instead:

 * Designations
 * Appearance (for albedo, apparent magnitude, angular diameter)
 * Orbit
 * Rotation
 * Physical characteristics (can we find a shorter term?)
 * Atmosphere
 * Temperature

— Black Walnut talk 00:58, 27 August 2020 (UTC).
 * Anyone? --Soumya-8974 talk contribs subpages 17:43, 15 September 2020 (UTC)

I agree that the list is a bit cluttered. But it can also be daunting if there are too many categories. We can wait for more replies, but I think only one or two new categories at most would be good.

I searched NASA's various pages that list these quantities, and some other names they use besides "physical characteristics" are "geophysical data", "physical properties", and "bulk parameters". In reference to the section heading of this discussion, rotational period is sometimes listed under the physical category and sometimes under the orbital category, so I have no problem with breaking it out into its own category.

--Lasunncty (talk) 08:52, 17 September 2020 (UTC)

Synodic day
Hi everyone!

Working on the Moon article I realized that there is no part in the template for the synodic day, only the sidreal day. Why is that? Nsae Comp (talk) 13:54, 5 December 2020 (UTC)

Rogue planet coordinates
There doesn't seem to be a way to add coordinates. This is necessary for rogue planets, for exmample see Talk:PSO J318.5−22. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:53, 21 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Can't you just add Infobox astronomical object as well as infobox planet? Modest Genius talk 16:23, 31 March 2021 (UTC)

discussion

 * " " and " " are missing from this template and need to be added. Otherwise this produces an error for my edit on Mercury: " ."  Nicole Sharp (talk) 16:53, 12 March 2021 (UTC)
 * To ping someone, you must add a new block of content and a new signature. You cannot simply "add" a ping as you did in your last edit. Izno (talk) 15:21, 29 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the info. I wasn't aware that the ping didn't work.  I sent you a test ping from my sandbox page.  I only pinged Beland because they were the most recent active Wikipedia admin listed in the page edit history.  If you can make the requested change, that would be appreciated.  The change to the template should be simple and uncontroversial.  Knowing the minimum and maximum speeds of the orbit is useful information, and is included in the NASA fact sheets for planets.  Nicole Sharp (talk) 16:12, 29 March 2021 (UTC)
 * You making an edit which is not supported by the template is not sufficient reason alone, certainly, to add the parameters. You think it will be uncontroversial, but it is well established that where given, parameters will be filled, whether representative or not. If you believe this is a change that should be made, you may consult the relevant WikiProjects (which I believe is WT:ASTRO or WT:PLANETS?) to see if there is a consensus. Izno (talk) 16:50, 29 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Cross-posted to " ." Nicole Sharp (talk) 17:09, 29 March 2021 (UTC)
 * I suggest you also inform WT:SOLAR. I'm not fundamentally opposed, but would the min and max values see much use? We already have the average value in the infobox. Why would general readers want to know the extreme values as well? Modest Genius talk 16:20, 31 March 2021 (UTC)
 * The same reason why aphelion and perihelion are given, in addition to semimajor axis. Including the speeds (either average, minimum, or maximum) is redundant, since you can calculate the distances if you know the speeds, and vice versa.  But if maxima and minima are given for distance, then it is consistent to give them for speed as well.  The range of possible values is always useful to know.  Nicole Sharp (talk) 20:45, 31 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Otherwise it could be argued to remove  from the template as redundant, since that value can be computed directly using the distance and eccentricity information already provided (i.e. it doesn't actually provide any new information to the infobox).  If the goal is to keep the infobox as concise as possible, then I would say to remove   instead since it is not necessary to have with the other data already included.  Nicole Sharp (talk) 20:50, 31 March 2021 (UTC)
 * However, the orbital parameters for Mercury require general relativity, and more complicated math. So it is still of benefit to the reader to have the additional data available, even if some of it is redundant.  Nicole Sharp (talk) 20:58, 31 March 2021 (UTC)
 * I checked The Facts on File Dictionary of Astronomy and the National Audubon Society Field Guide to the Night Sky, and neither of these books provide the average speed as part of their planetary data (though a dictionary and a field guide is not the same as an encyclopedia). So I would say to either include maximum speed, minimum speed, and average speed, or none of the speeds, if consistency was desired in comparison to perhihelion, aphelion, and semimajor axis.  Nicole Sharp (talk) 21:05, 31 March 2021 (UTC)

poll
Poll on whether to add " " and " " to this template.

support

 * As the initial proposer, I support this. My primary argument is that the information is important enough to be included in the NASA Fact Sheet for each planet, which is hardly comprehensive and only lists the most important parameters.  I would further argue that any other parameters in the NASA Fact Sheets not currently available in the template should also be added (with the possible exception of some atmospheric data, which can be poorly defined).  Additionally, having the minimum and maximum speeds of an orbit readily available is both useful and interesting, especially for eccentric orbits.  Nicole Sharp (talk) 17:36, 29 March 2021 (UTC)

alternatives
An alternative to expanding the template would be to create data pages for each planet (or a single data page for all the planets of the Solar System), similar to the NASA Fact Sheets (which are all in the public domain and can be copied to Wikipedia). That way scientific data can be included for planets that might be too cumbersome or esoteric to be included on the main article page. Nicole Sharp (talk) 18:07, 29 March 2021 (UTC)

Rounding off proper orbital period
Can we restrict sig figs here? If I put in 3-fig values, the period is still calculated out to 6 figs. — kwami (talk) 10:05, 27 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Proper orbital period is calculated by  (line 125) for the record. I see zero reason why we need that many decimals, so I agree that 3 is probably a better rounding depth. Primefac (talk) 10:53, 27 September 2021 (UTC)

Template-protected edit request on 20 November 2021
Please replace all code Infobox planet with sandbox code from 19 November 2021

Change: added fields for equivalent and absorbed radiation dose rates at the surface. Fernando Trebien (talk) 11:22, 20 November 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅ User:GKFXtalk 14:06, 20 November 2021 (UTC)

Surface radiation dose rate
I think it would be interesting to include the radiation dose rate for some planets and moons of the solar system, so I added a field for that in the sandbox. The change is pretty straightforward. What do you think? --Fernando Trebien (talk) 01:23, 18 November 2021 (UTC)

 * I like the idea very much, since its quite the crucial factor. Nsae Comp (talk) 16:24, 7 January 2022 (UTC)

Edit request: Please change labels to "Synodic rotation period" and "Sidereal rotation period"
Currently ambiguously labeled "Rotation period" and partially linked "Sidereal rotation period". Please see testcases for Earth for differences. Sandbox code diff from January 4, 2022

Thanks, Facts707 (talk) 09:34, 5 January 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅.  P.I. Ellsworth  - ed.  put'r there 03:51, 7 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Awesome! Giant thanks! Nsae Comp (talk) 16:17, 7 January 2022 (UTC)
 * It's my pleasure!  Paine  19:45, 7 January 2022 (UTC)

"Sidereal" orbital period?
Hi there, thanks to the above sidereal and synodic rotation period is now differentiated; but how about allowing this logic also for the category "Orbital period"? At the moment it is not clear which orbital period the numbers refer to. In most cases it is probably trivial, but in the case of Earth for example people might be confused why the orbital period is not the exact length of a year, and only have to investigate if it is the sidereal time for all astronomical objects that use the template. Nsae Comp (talk) 21:02, 7 January 2022 (UTC)
 * okay, not an astronomer so I'm confused by your statement, . I think the orbital period actually is the exact length of a year, that being for Earth 365.25... days. Are you saying that you want to differentiate between the sidereal year and the tropical year?  P.I. Ellsworth  - ed.  put'r there 15:36, 11 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, basically. Nsae Comp (talk) 15:48, 11 January 2022 (UTC)
 * See Template:Infobox planet/testcases, where there is already a parameter for synodic (tropical or solar) period (not used in the Earth article). How would you change the wording?  P.I. Ellsworth  - ed.  put'r there 16:17, 11 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Big thanks. If I get it right what you did is just enter the values of tropical/solar year at syndoic year? Well if I understand the concept of synodic orbital period right then it is not the same as the tropical and mainly for planet observation. So I would suggest first and formost change the displayed title of the "period" option from "orbital period" to "Sidereal period" or even better "Sidereal orbital period" then it is not anymore mistakeable, as was my original reason for raising the issue. And of course a new option next to sidereal and synodic as "Tropical orbital period" could be added. Nsae Comp (talk) 03:03, 12 January 2022 (UTC)
 * My pleasure! Think you're right about synodic vs. tropical for other celestials like the Moon or Mars. However, it appears that they are the same period for the Earth wrt the Sun. I think that to add or change these, which adds a bit of complexity, a consensus might need to be garnered.  P.I. Ellsworth  - ed.  put'r there 05:27, 12 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Went ahead and added "sidereal" to "orbital period" for now. Let's see if other editors deem it helpful as we do.  P.I. Ellsworth  - ed.  put'r there 05:46, 12 January 2022 (UTC)

I am fine with leaving the synodical option as it is, tropical is worth considering as a third option if you ask me. But I am totaly fine with your solution now, thats the main thing that I was suggesting. Thank you! PS: that said I have one more thing; what do you think of Writing "Orbital period (sidereal)" because it might help the reader to find it if there is not a second type of orbital period in the infobox used. Well I am fine, the thought just came up. Thank yoj again. Nsae Comp (talk) 09:32, 12 January 2022 (UTC)

Aah,well maybe to be consistent changing the displayed title of "Synodic period" to "Synodic orbital period" to reduce confusion? Nsae Comp (talk) 09:33, 12 January 2022 (UTC)

...or "Orbital period (synodic)" respectively Nsae Comp (talk) 09:34, 12 January 2022 (UTC)
 * ...and ✅, and thank you 'n Happy New Year to You and Yours!  P.I. Ellsworth  - ed.  put'r there 09:58, 12 January 2022 (UTC)

 * To you and yours too! Thank you! ♡ Nsae Comp (talk) 12:26, 12 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Infobox planet/Archive 10


text:
User:Saugatbhandari

family

I have a small, lovely and beautiful family.because, I enjoy with my Family.when we planed to go out, we go together; me and my siblings played basket ball and scccer ,some time dad join with me. Secondly they always helped me; my father and brother tough me and helped to do school homework.my mom cooked and washed my cloths.finally,they proteced and took care me.They didn’t allow to go any where by myself (alone);any one might come with me when I went to school my dad trop and pickup me. And he advised me how to choose a friend and how to behave with teachers relatives and naiberhood.what ever now,I’m alone in nepal.i really missed them.i hope, they always wish me to be healthy and successful.

title: User:Saugatbhandari


text:
Gene regulation in prokaryotes

Readings

 * Study guide:
 * Wikipedia article: Operon
 * Wikipedia article: The Lac Operon
 * Wikipedia article: The Arabinose Operon
 * Wikipedia article: The Tryptophan Operon

Constitutive vs Adaptive Enzymes
Genes for constitutive enzymes are always on and the gene is always produced. Adaptive genes may be either inducible (generally off; may be turned on) or repressible (generally on; may be turned off).

Adaptive enzymes
Inducible Genes are generally enzymes necessary for catabolism and are only turned on if substrate is present as the substrate acts an inducer (effector).
 * e.g. /The lac operon/, /The ara operon/

Repressible Genes are generally enzymes involved in anabolism and are inhibited by feedback (the end product acts as a repressor for the gene)
 * e.g. /Trp operon/

Operons
An operon is a group of genes that are coregulated. These genes usually have related function and are often cotranscribed as a single mRNA strand. Such an RNA strand is called a Polycistronic RNA

Review, Problems
/Review/

title: Gene regulation in prokaryotes


text:
Krishna Sudhaama

Krishna Sudhaama is a 1943 Indian Kannada film, directed by K. Subramanyam. The film stars Bellave Narahari Shastri and S. D. Subbalakshmi. The film has a musical score by Parthasarthi Iyengar.

Cast

 * Bellave Narahari Shastri
 * S. D. Subbalakshmi

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Parthasarthi Iyengar.

title: Krishna Sudhaama


text:
Talk:Drawning of Marzanna

Spelling mistake in page title
This page contains spelling mistake in its title. Instead of "drawning of Marzanna", it should be "drowning of Marzanna". See the meaning of [drown]. I have also fixed the same misspeling on Marzanna. Temporarily I added a blank page Drowning of Marzanna as a redirect to this page. I do not know if changing the page title is possible. If it is not possible, I suggest moving the content of this page to Drowning of Marzanna, and making this page merely a redirection to the page with correct title. --Volphy 22:20, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Realy sorry (and ashamed). Thanks. All corrections, links included, were done as you have suggested. Can you remove this superfluous article (Drawning of Marzanna) please? Jurohi 00:00, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Drawning of Marzanna


text:
Beiping–Hankou Railway Operation

The Beiping–Hankou Railway Operation (京漢線作戦; Mid August – Dec. 1937) was a follow-up to the Battle of Beiping–Tianjin of the Japanese army in North China at the beginning of the 2nd Sino-Japanese War, fought simultaneously with Tianjin–Pukou Railway Operation. The attack was not authorized by the Imperial General Headquarters. The Japanese advanced to the south along the Beiping–Hankou Railway until the Yellow River, capturing Linfen along the way. After the Imperial General Headquarters wrestled control over troops from local commanders, the majority of participating Japanese units were transferred to participate in the concurrent Battle of Taiyuan. These units were replaced by newly formed 108th and 109th divisions.

Operations
In September after securing Beijing and its surrounding area the Japanese army moved south in 2 armies. Their main objective was to secure the major cities and the railway lines connecting them.

Battle of Baoding
Japanese forces approached Baoding, which boasted a sixty-foot wall, two successive moats, and considerable amounts of barbed wire. If properly defended, the city could have held for weeks. Instead, it fell in a single day. The Japanese, as was to become commonplace, committed atrocities within the city after its fall. Acts of rape and murder were committed at the medical college of the city, which was burned, with many of its faculty thrown into the blazing fires.

Aftermath
After the stalemate at Yellow River from December 1937 to March 1938, the fighting resumed resulting in Battle of Xuzhou.

title: Beiping–Hankou Railway Operation


text:
Talk:OC Photography Program

Discussions about inserting content in the OCPP.
This needs to be more than a collection of links and names.

Suggest links from subpages to OC Photography Program
I landed at OC Photography Program/Light and could not a link to OC Photography Program. Because this is an old book (that does not use the current "Book Name/Chapter" convention), I suggest adding links from all subpages to OC Photography Program. --Kernigh 04:14, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Subpages updated to new convention. --haginძaz 04:38, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:OC Photography Program


text:
Talk:HSBC (disambiguation)

HSBC Bank links
The problem with having Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation on this page is that it is just the group's Hong Kong operation, if it is to be included then all of the other local subsidiaries will need to be, that is around 25 - which plainly isnt sensible. HSBC has a full explanation of where to find local bank infomation anyway. Ian3055 18:06, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Perhaps only ones which use the letters HSBC in their name should be included? And if every one of them has to be included then why not? That is the point in a disambiguation page after all. (The Spith)

 * And the below would be the result:

HSBC can mean:
 * HSBC Group
 * HSBC Bank AS
 * HSBC Bank Argentina SA
 * HSBC Bank Australia Limited
 * HSBC Bank Brasil S.A.- Banco Multiplo
 * HSBC Bank Canada
 * HSBC Bank Egypt SAE
 * HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad
 * HSBC Bank Malta plc
 * HSBC Bank Middle East Limited
 * HSBC Bank Polska SA
 * HSBC Bank USA N.A.
 * HSBC Bank plc
 * HSBC Building, Shanghai
 * HSBC Finance Corporation
 * HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building
 * HSBC Mexico, SA
 * HSBC SA
 * HSBC Tower, London
 * HSBC Tower, Shanghai
 * HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt KGaA
 * Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation
 * Hampton School Boat Club

Which isnt very pleasing - it also becomes somewhere else which will need to be kept updated. What about if we add something along the lines of "including details of local operations" after HSBC Group? Ian3055 20:50, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

How about this then:

HSBC can refer to:

 * HSBC group (bank)

 * HSBC Building, Shanghai
 * HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building
 * HSBC Tower, London
 * HSBC Tower, Shanghai

 * Hampton School Boat Club

The box contains most of the links and will be updated without having to update this page. The Spith 21:51, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:HSBC (disambiguation)


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Lorinda de Roulet

Lorinda de Roulet

 * ... that Lorinda de Roulet is the first woman to direct the day-to-day operations of a Major League Baseball franchise?
 * Reviewed: First QPQ of three from Template:Did you know nominations/Lucinda Whitty, Olivia Price, Nina Curtis

Created/expanded by Muboshgu (talk). Self nom at 16:47, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Symbol confirmed.svg QPQ done.  Article is neutral enough.  Article is fully supported by sources.  No images to check.  No plagiarism concerns. Hook is properly formatted. Hooked fact appears in article.   Source supports it.
 * Pictogram voting keep.svg Subscription sources were not plagiarised and support text. --LauraHale (talk) 06:31, 14 July 2012 (UTC)

Good to go. :D --LauraHale (talk) 06:31, 14 July 2012 (UTC)

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ


text:
XLR-11

XLR-11 (5"-fluoro-UR-144 or 5F-UR-144) is a drug that acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 with EC50 values of 98 nM and 83 nM, respectively. It is a 3-(tetramethylcyclopropylmethanoyl)indole derivative related to compounds such as UR-144, A-796,260 and A-834,735, but it is not specifically listed in the patent or scientific literature alongside these other similar compounds, and appears to have not previously been made by Abbott Laboratories, despite falling within the claims of patent WO 2006/069196. XLR-11 was found to produce rapid, short-lived hypothermic effects in rats at doses of 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, suggesting that it is of comparable potency to APICA and STS-135.

Detection
A forensic standard for this compound is available, and a representative mass spectrum has been posted on Forendex.

Recreational use
XLR-11 was instead first identified by laboratories in 2012 as an ingredient in synthetic cannabis smoking blends, and appears to be a novel compound invented specifically for grey-market recreational use.

Legal Status
XLR-11 was banned in New Zealand by being added to the temporary class drug schedule,.

The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) made XLR11 illegal under the Federal Controlled Substances act for the foreseeable future.

It has also been banned in Florida.

Arizona banned XLR-11 on 3 April 2013.

, XLR-11 is a controlled substance in China.

XLR-11 is banned in the Czech Republic.

Side effects
XLR-11 has been linked to hospitalizations due to its use.

Toxicity
XLR-11 has been linked to acute kidney injury in some users, along with AM-2201.

title: XLR-11


text:
User:Hillaryj

 * Name: Hillary Jenkins

 * Gender - Female

 * Place of Employment: Otago Polytechinic

 * Occupation: Programme Manager

title: User:Hillaryj


text:
Talk:Levy Report

Title of the report
Hello. Could somebody please correct the translation of the Hebrew title of the report (דו"ח על מעמד הבניה באזור יהודה ושומרון). My Hebrew is not up to it. Thanks, Ajnem (talk) 17:00, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

Here you go:

Report on the Status of Construction in the Judea and Samaria Region — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:38, 21 July 2012 (UTC)

"in"
"The Mandatory will be responsible for putting into effect the declaration originally made on November 8, 1917, by the British Government, and adopted by the other Allied Powers, in favour of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country." It says a national home IN Palestine, not Palestine shall be the national home for the Jewish people; keep in mind that the Mandate originally included what is now Jordan. I think this was followed up by a resolution which permitted Jewish settlement west of the Jordan River. I doubt that resolution contemplated removal of other residents or diminution of their political rights or status. User:Fred Bauder Talk 13:31, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Yep, but what I'm not sure of is whether the claim in the Forward article that the Levy report bases its conclusion on “The notion ... that the operative international treaty governing sovereign rights to historic Palestine — today’s Israel, the West Bank and Gaza — is the post-World War I San Remo Resolution...” actually is in the Levy report or not. No other article about the report I've seen has it. Does anybody know or know where to find the report? Ajnem (talk) 10:08, 17 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I have found the report here http://www.pmo.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/E155A1D6-96A7-4143-8233-F126AC9288BF/0/doch090712.pdf, now I only have to figure out, with Google's help, what it says. Ajnem (talk) 11:49, 17 July 2012 (UTC)
 * PDF is of an image of the document. Can't extract the text to take to Google Translate. User:Fred Bauder Talk 12:31, 17 July 2012 (UTC)
 * These  may help, in addition to it, B'Tselem has a good summary of the legal arguments here, Ajnem (talk) 12:42, 18 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Don't know whether this will be acceptable, per Counterpunch but Jonathan Cook's article is a good wrap up of Israeli discussions, and particularly of the Area C annexation prelude rumour. You casn find it in Gulf newspapers that are RS if that is a problem. In any case, good work Ajnem.Nishidani (talk) 19:27, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks, the remarks about Alan Baker are certainly worth checking and including, also “the Area C annexation prelude rumour”, but Counterpunch alone is imo not RS. I'll check the sources. The Levy Report may turn out to be more useful than its authors have intended: it seems to have woken up the sleeping dogs both in Israel and in the US. 40 mainstream American Jews, some with plenty of money, telling the Israeli prime minister publicly what to do or rather what not to do is not an everyday occurrence, as far as I remember. Ajnem (talk) 08:51, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

The 'in Palestine' has been interpreted to mean not all of palestine. But at a talk by the Earl of Balfour at Balfour house many years ago, the 3rd Earl of balfour confirmed that 'in' meant all and that Arthur James Balfour had told him so.

Misleading and bad links
In the first paragraph the references are links to articles from media sources and not factual.

My real concern is the text, 'that the Israeli settlements are legal under international law' is misleading.

The first section should not have any references except one, a reference to the Levi Report itself — Preceding unsigned comment added by Andrewrimmer (talk • contribs) 03:38, 12 January 2014 (UTC)

 * The text says that the Levy report concludes that the settlements are legal. It is a fact that the report concludes that. I don't understand your objection. Zerotalk 06:51, 12 January 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 6 external links on Levy Report. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120709152336/http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=276749 to http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=276749
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120714031343/http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?ID=276802&R=R1 to http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?ID=276802&R=R1
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20130414195219/http://fmep.org/reports/archive/vol.-22/no.-4/no-occupation-no-problem-netanyahu-committee-recommends-moving-toward-de-facto-annexation to http://fmep.org/reports/archive/vol.-22/no.-4/no-occupation-no-problem-netanyahu-committee-recommends-moving-toward-de-facto-annexation
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120710225749/http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=276888 to http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=276888
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120902062504/http://www.yesh-din.org/postview.asp?postid=213 to http://www.yesh-din.org/postview.asp?postid=213
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120918204323/http://www.israelpolicyforum.org/sites/ipforum/files/LETTER%20TO%20THE%20PRIME%20MINISTER_1_0.pdf to http://www.israelpolicyforum.org/sites/ipforum/files/LETTER%20TO%20THE%20PRIME%20MINISTER_1_0.pdf

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:07, 22 December 2017 (UTC)

The Levy Report is merely stating that which anyone can determine for themselves.
The Levy Report is merely stating that which anyone can determine for themselves. The Palestine Mandate, UN Charter Article 80, the Anglo-American Treaty all support the findings of the Levy Report. Those against the findings are antisemites who deny the body of law and treaty that supports the Jewish claim to all the land. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:25, 2 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Levy Report


text:
User:Waynezhang1/sandbox

= Dianhong tea =

1.History of Dianhong
Dianhong tea was developed and produced around 1938 by Feng Shaoqiu and Zheng Hechun in Yunnan province, China. Before that time, Yunnan is a famous place of production for only Qingmao tea which is a green tea. Feng realized that in western Yunnan, the weather is mild across the year, it never snows and there is ample rainfall. Due to these characteristics, the collecting season of tea leaves is particularly long: it lasts from early March till the end of October, which gives them 9 months of collection and a good amount of production.

The first batch of Dianhong tea comes in a scale of 500 "dan"(a Chinese measurement unit. 1 dan equals to roughtly 50 kilograms). However, only 32 workers are involved in the production and processing. During the production process, the workers used tea processing machines that are made from baboons and roasted the tea leaves manually. That batch was transferred to Hong Kong, and later exported to the rest of the world. This process of production is supported by The Old Chinese Tea Corporation and Yunnan government since Feng and Zheng are employees of The Old Chinese Tea Corporation.

production area
The main production area of Dianhong tea situates at the south-west of Yunnan, west of Cang river, east of Nu river. This area is mainly composed of alpine and gorge with an average altitude of above 1000 meters, and is divided into Fengqing county, Menghai county, Lincang county, Shuangjiang county.

production environment
The area has a subtropical climate, which gives it an annual average temperature of 18 to 22 celsius. The annual precipitation is between 1200mm to 1700mm. Due to the mild weather, ample rainfall and the forestry that produces dead leaves that fall to the ground, the soil is particularly nutritious. This then helps tea leaves to grow robustly.

3. Drinking Dianhong
Due to the natural environment, the Dianhong tea leaves have a fine quality. And drinking Dianhong has a set of benefits including helping with people with a "cold stomach", a Chinese pathological concept that indicates a type of people who get stomachache when eating something "cold."

To drink Dianhong, there are several steps: You can drink the tea solely or with milk and sugar. This is a defining quality of Dianhong because unlike some other black tea in China that does not blend well with sugar, Dianhong does and it fits western taste better, which makes it an international tea.
 * 1) Wash the tea leaves: put 5-8 grams of tea leaves in a  cup, pour hot water, 80-90 celsius degree, into the cup. Rinse the tea leaves for up to 5 seconds and pour the water out.
 * 2) Brew: pour hot water into the cup, and brew the tea for up to 15 seconds, then drink the tea. To avoid stirring the tea, it is suggested that one should pour water steadily by the cup wall. With every extra brew, keep the hot water for 5 more seconds.
 * 3) Drink: filter the tea and pour them into small teacups. Quickly drink the tea to keep the scent.

4. Economical significance
According to Feng, the creator of Dianhong says, the English Queen once put the Dianhong tea leaves in a glass cup to appreciate its form. This happens becasue when Dianhong was born, the Chinese economy has a booming exportation. At that time, most of the Dianhong production was transported to Hong Kong and then to the western countries such as U.K. and the U.S. This trend to exporting Dianhong continues today, since it is considered a gourmet tea and fits the western appetite. Though it is not always mentioned, Dianhong makes it to the top 3 exported tea in China in 1994 and it creates huge economical value.

Today, Dianhong turns from several process factories to a multinational corporation. The Dianhong Corporation is among Chinese best 500 beverage producers with an annual production of more than 5000 tons of tea. The tea trees have created an enormous amount of jobs and trade values throughout these years.

5. Cultural value
While the economical value of Dianhong is widely acknowledged, there is not much investigation for cultural meaning beneath the name of Dianhong tea. It is often referred as "Chinese black tea" instead of "Dianhong" internationally, thus not much credits are given to Dianhong tea. In China, Dianhong has a rather short history as a type of tea in comparison to Qimen, Dahongpao, so it is difficult to develop a historical or cultural idea for it.

Nonetheless, Dianhong represents a key characteristic of the Yunnan people. The Pu people, which are the men living in Yunnan in ancient China are recorded to be one of the first men to know how to harvest and drink tea.

title: User:Waynezhang1/sandbox


text:
Emily Bold

Emily Bold (born 2 March 1980) is a German writer who lives in Bavaria. She writes romantic historical novels and stories for young adults, some of which have been translated into English. She became a best selling author in 2011 with Gefährliche Intrigen (Dangerous Intrigue).

Bold has been writing novels since 2008. In May 2011, she published her first novel, Gefährliche Intrigen, on Kindle. As a result, it soon became a best seller. Her other works are also available as eBooks as well as paperbacks. When publishing on Kindle, she handles all the formatting and cover design herself. She also makes use of Facebook and other social media sites to promote the marketing of her works.

English translations

 * The Curse: Touch of Eternity (The Curse Series), Skyscape, 2013
 * The Curse: Breath of Yesterday (The Curse Series Book 2), Skyscape, 2014
 * Midnight Kisses (Midnight Series Book 1), Amazon Digital Services
 * Midnight Tears (Midnight Series Book 2), Amazon Digital Services
 * Midnight Dreams (Midnight Series Book 3), Amazon Digital Services

Windham Series

 * 1) Vergessene Küsse. 2012, ISBN 978-1-4811-5442-0.
 * 2) Verborgene Tränen. 2013, ISBN 978-1-4823-8986-9.
 * 3) Verlorene Träume. 2013, ISBN 978-1-4848-4780-0.

The Curse

 * 1) Vanoras Fluch. 2012, ISBN 978-1-4776-7860-2.
 * 2) Im Schatten der Schwestern. 2012, ISBN 978-1-4792-9746-7.
 * 3) Das Vermächtnis. 2013, ISBN 978-1-4923-7673-6.

The Darkest Red

 * 1) Aus Nebel geboren. 2013, ISBN 978-1-4947-1034-7.
 * 2) Von Flammen verzehrt. 2014, ISBN 978-1-4953-8785-2.
 * 3) Im Dunkel verborgen. 2014, ISBN 978-3-8450-1479-1.

Other works

 * Blacksoul – In den Armen des Piraten. 2012, ISBN 978-1-4775-8352-4.
 * Gefährliche Intrigen. 2012, ISBN 978-1-4775-8864-2.
 * Mitternachtsfalke – Auf den Schwingen der Liebe. 2012, ISBN 978-1-4775-9369-1.
 * Zwei Seelen. 2012.
 * Klang der Gezeiten. 2014, ISBN 978-1-4778-2458-0.

title: Emily Bold


text:
Panperissodactyla

Panperissodactyla ("all perissodactyls", alternatively spelled Pan-Perissodactyla ) is a clade of ungulates containing living order Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates) and all extinct ungulates more closely related to Perissodactyla than to Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates).

Groups thought to belong to this clade include Anthracobunia (including the families Anthracobunidae and Cambaytheriidae) known from the Paleogene of the Indian subcontinent, as well as the South American native ungulate groups Litopterna and Notoungulata, both of which went extinct approximately 12,000 years ago. Other South American native ungulate groups also possibly belong to the clade, but their placement is uncertain. The enigmatic aquatic Desmostylia have also been suggested to be related to perissodactyls in some studies, though others recover them as members of afrotherian clade Tethytheria. The Northern Hemisphere "condylarth" group Phenacodontidae has been placed as closely related to perissodactyls in some studies, though others recover it as unrelated.

History of phylogeny
Panperissodactyla was coined in 2015, to include all mammals more closely related to living perissodactyls than to any other living mammals, following a proteomic study which found Notoungulata and Litopterna to be closely related to Perissodactyla. Panperissodactyla is preferred over the older Mesaxonia which was originally coined by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1884, as equivalent to the modern Perissodactyla. Richard Owen's original definition of Perissodactyla included the modern members in addition to the now known to be unrelated Hyracoidea. The name Mesaxonia was resurrected by Martin S. Fischer in 1989 as a replacement for Perissodactyla. Perissodactylamorpha a clade coined to include Anthracobunia and Perissodactyla, is thought to be a subgroup of Panperissodactyla, as Anthracobunia is suggested to be more closely related to Perissodactyla than Notoungulata and Litopterna are.

Taxonomy

 * Clade: Pan-Perissodactyla Welker et al, 2015 (= Panperissodactyla)
 * Family: †Phenacodontidae [?] Cope, 1881
 * Clade: †Meridiungulata
 * Order: †Litopterna Ameghino, 1889
 * Order: †Notoungulata Roth, 1903
 * Order: †Xenungulata?
 * Order: †Pyrotheria?
 * Order: †Astrapotheria?
 * Clade: Perissodactylamorpha Rose, et al. 2020
 * Order: Perissodactyla Owen, 1848 (odd-toed ungulates)
 * Clade: †Anthracobunia Ginsburg, 1999
 * Genus: †Radinskya [?] McKenna, 1989
 * Family: †Anthracobunidae Wells & Gingerich, 1983
 * Family: †Cambaytheriidae Bajpai, 2005
 * Order: †Desmostylia [?] Reinhart, 1959

title: Panperissodactyla


text:
Talk:octa

RFV discussion
--Connel MacKenzie 22:15, 21 July 2007 (UTC)

RFV passed. Thanks, Thryduulf. —Ruakh TALK 04:23, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:octa


text:
Wikiversity talk:Alternative Theory

Hello !

This is a very interesting approach! I had somewhow similar ideas for some time now and even prepared the description of my new "educational idea" called Odzilla. Please, take a look. My guess is that the structured information organization that I represent there can be used for the cross-cultural and interdisciplinary approach to education that you describe. Maybe my ideas may contribute to the Wikiversity project that needs a boost.

--Catpad 07:17, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity talk:Alternative Theory