text:
Serial Programming/MAX232 Driver Receiver

Applicability
This module is primary of interest for people building their own electronics with an RS-232 interface. Off-the-shelf computers with RS-232 interfaces already contain the necessary electronics, and there is no need to add the circuitry as described here.

Logic Signal Voltage
Serial RS-232 (V.24) communication works with voltages (between -15 V ... -3 V are used to transmit a binary '1' and +3 V ... +15 V to transmit a binary '0') which are not compatible with today's computer logic voltages. On the other hand, classic TTL computer logic operates between 0 V ... +5 V (roughly 0 V ... +0.8 V referred to as low for binary '0', +2 V ... +5 V for high binary '1' ). Modern low-power logic operates in the range of 0 V ... +3.3 V or even lower.

So, the maximum RS-232 signal levels are far too high for today's computer logic electronics, and the negative RS-232 voltage can't be generated at all by the computer logic. Therefore, to receive serial data from an RS-232 interface the voltage has to be reduced, and the 0 and 1 voltage levels inverted. In the other direction (sending data from some logic over RS-232) the low logic voltage has to be "bumped up", and a negative voltage has to be generated, too.

RS-232             TTL             Logic --- -15 V ...  -3 V  <->  +2 V ... +5 V   <->  1   (idle state) +3 V ... +15 V <->   0 V ... +0.8 V <->  0   (start bit)

All this can be done with conventional analog electronics, e.g. a particular power supply and a couple of transistors or the once popular MC1488 (transmitter) and MC1489 (receiver) ICs. However, since more than a decade it has become standard in amateur electronics to do the necessary signal level conversion with an integrated circuit (IC) from the MAX232 family (typically a MAX232A or some clone). In fact, it is hard to find some RS-232 circuitry in amateur electronics without a MAX232A or some clone.

We discuss the signal bits in more detail later in this book.

MAX232 and MAX232A
The MAX232 from Maxim was the first IC which in one package contains the necessary drivers (two) and receivers (also two), to adapt the RS-232 signal voltage levels to TTL logic. It became popular, because it just needs one voltage (+5 V) and generates the necessary RS-232 voltage levels (approx. -10 V and +10 V) internally. This greatly simplified the design of circuitry. Circuitry designers no longer need to design and build a power supply with three voltages (e.g. -12 V, +5 V, and +12 V), but could just provide one +5 V power supply, e.g. with the help of a simple 78x05 voltage regulator.

The MAX232 has a successor, the MAX232A. The ICs are almost identical, however, the MAX232A is much more often used (and easier to get) than the original MAX232, and the MAX232A only needs external capacitors 1/10th the capacity of what the original MAX232 needs.

It should be noted that the MAX232(A) is just a driver/receiver. It does not generate the necessary RS-232 sequence of marks and spaces with the right timing, it does not decode the RS-232 signal, it does not provide a serial/parallel conversion. All it does is to convert signal voltage levels. Generating serial data with the right timing and decoding serial data has to be done by additional circuitry, e.g. by a 16550 UART or one of these small micro controllers (e.g. Atmel AVR, Microchip PIC) getting more and more popular.

The MAX232 and MAX232A were once rather expensive ICs, but today they are cheap. It has also helped that many companies now produce clones (ie. Sipex). These clones sometimes need different external circuitry, e.g. the capacities of the external capacitors vary. It is recommended to check the data sheet of the particular manufacturer of an IC instead of relying on Maxim's original data sheet.

The original manufacturer (and now some clone manufacturers, too) offers a large series of similar ICs, with different numbers of receivers and drivers, voltages, built-in or external capacitors, etc. E.g. The MAX232 and MAX232A need external capacitors for the internal voltage pump, while the MAX233 has these capacitors built-in. The MAX233 is also between three and ten times more expensive in electronic shops than the MAX232A because of its internal capacitors. It is also more difficult to get the MAX233 than the garden variety MAX232A.

A similar IC, the MAX3232 is nowadays available for low-power 3 V logic.

 * MAX232(A) DIP Package

V+(2) is also connected to V CC via a capacitor (C3). V-(6) is connected to GND via a capacitor (C4). And GND(15) and V CC (16) are also connected by a capacitor (C5), as close as possible to the pins.

A Typical Application

The MAX232(A) has two receivers (converts from RS-232 to TTL voltage levels) and two drivers (converts from TTL logic to RS-232 voltage levels). This means only two of the RS-232 signals can be converted in each direction. The old MC1488/1489 combo provided four drivers and receivers.

Typically a pair of a driver/receiver of the MAX232 is used for

 * TX and RX

and the second one for

 * CTS and RTS.

There are not enough drivers/receivers in the MAX232 to also connect the DTR, DSR, and DCD signals. Usually these signals can be omitted when e.g. communicating with a PC's serial interface. If the DTE really requires these signals either a second MAX232 is needed, or some other IC from the MAX232 family can be used (if it can be found in consumer electronic shops at all). An alternative for DTR/DSR is also given below.

Maxim's data sheet explains the MAX232 family in great detail, including the pin configuration and how to connect such an IC to external circuitry. This information can be used as-is in own design to get a working RS-232 interface. Maxim's data just misses one critical piece of information: How exactly to connect the RS-232 signals to the IC. So here is one possible example:

In addition one can directly wire DTR (DE9 pin 4) to DSR (DE9 pin 6) without going through any circuitry. This gives automatic (brain dead) DSR acknowledgment of an incoming DTR signal.

Sometimes pin 6 of the MAX232 is hard wired to DCD (DE9 pin 1). This is not recommended. Pin 6 is the raw output of the voltage pump and inverter for the -10 V voltage. Drawing currents from the pin leads to a rapid breakdown of the voltage, and as a consequence to a breakdown of the output voltage of the two RS-232 drivers. It is better to use software which doesn't care about DCD, but does hardware-handshaking via CTS/RTS only.

The circuitry is completed by connecting five capacitors to the IC as it follows. The MAX232 needs 1.0 µF capacitors, the MAX232A needs 0.1 µF capacitors. MAX232 clones show similar differences. It is recommended to consult the corresponding data sheet. At least 16 V capacitor types should be used. If electrolytic or tantalic capacitors are used, the polarity has to be observed. The first pin as listed in the following table is always where the plus pole of the capacitor should be connected to.

The 5 V power supply is connected to

 * +5 V: Pin 16
 * GND: Pin 15

Data Cables
With the rise of mobile phones so called data cables for these phones have also become popular. These are cables to connect the mobile phone to a serial interface of a computer. The interesting thing is that modern mobile phones work with 3.3 V logic, and older phones with 5 V logic on their data buses. So these data cables must and do convert the phone logic voltage levels to and from RS232 voltage levels.

No-name data cables have become rather cheap (as opposite to original phone-brand data cables). The cheap cables with their voltage converters can be used as an alternative to home-made MAX232-based circuitry. The advantage is that the cables occupy much less space (the converter is usually inside the RS232 plug). Such a cable also saves the effort to solder a circuitry board. Another advantage, which can also be a disadvantage of such a data cable is that they usually take their power from the RS232 connector. This saves an external power supply, but can also cause problems, because the RS232 interface is not designed to power some logic and the DTE might not provide enough power. Another disadvantage is that many of these cables just support RX and TX (one receiver, one driver), and not two drivers/receivers as the MAX232. So there is no hardware handshake possible. Finally, when using such a cable it should be made sure that they convert to the desired voltage (3.3 V or 5 V).

 * 1)  There are also data cables for USB ports, but these are of no interest here.
 * 2)  Some data cables are powered by the phone and not via the RS232 interface. In such a case an external power supply is still needed, to replace the one from the phone.

(Ab)using a USB <-> RS-232 Converter
USB to Serial interface cables often have two components: a USB transceiver that outputs serial data; and a voltage shifter to produce standards-compliant RS-232 voltages. It is often possible to throw away (ignore, desolder, cut-out) the USB part of these cables, connect an external 5 V power source (or abuse the RS-232 interface) to replace the power coming from the USB bus and to just use the RS-232 level-shifter. All this is probably as much work as using a MAX232A, although you get one RS-232 connector for free.

If you consider a USB cable, it is also worthwhile to consider using USB directly, instead of RS-232. Many USB transceiver chips can be integrated directly into circuits, eliminating the need for voltage-shifting components. Parts such as the FTDI FT232BM even have an input allowing designers to select 5 V or 3.3 V output levels. Most of these USB transceiver chips are available as surface-mount components only. But some vendors offer DIP-sized preassembled modules, often at competitive prices, and often with free or cheap drivers or driver development environments.

See Serial Programming:Universal Serial Bus for more on USB hardware, interfacing with USB devices and programming USB devices.

MAX232N
A Texas Instruments MAX232 (not A) second-source. The N indicates the package (plastic dip), and not any special electric characteristics. This is a non-A MAX232, therefore it needs at least 1µF capacitors. It can sometimes be found rather cheap. TI also offers MAX3232s and a number of other RS-232 drivers/receivers, like MC148x.

Linear Technology LT1181A
The LT1181A from Linear Technology is very similar to the MAX232A. It has the exact same pin-layout, also uses 0.1µF capacitors, and can in general replace a MAX232A. However, for the hobbyist it is typically a little bit more difficult to get one, and they tend to be slightly more expensive than the original Maxim MAX232A.

Intersil HIN202
The Intersil HIN202 is yet another IC very similar to the MAX232A. It also has the same pin-layout (DIL package), uses 0.1 µF capacitors and can replace a MAX232A. The HIN202 is especially interesting when more I/O lines are needed (four pairs), since the manufacturer specifies that two HIN202's can share a single V+ and a single V- capacitor. So the resulting circuit saves two capacitors.

MC1488 and MC1489
The MC1488/MC1489 ICs have already been mentioned. However, they are no real alternative to a MAX232 these days. A combo of these ICs has twice as many drivers/receivers, but the MC1488 driver requires a +12 V, -12 V power supply, and the MC1489 receiver a +5 V power supply. That makes three power supplies instead of one for the MAX232. Unless the required ±12 V supply lines are already available in a circuit, it is recommended to use either two MAX232s, or a single MAX238.


text:
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Kelphin/Archive

12 July 2012

 * Suspected sockpuppets

 * User compare report Auto-generated every hour.

Duck accounts, where the editor has left humour territory and crossed over to the dark side.  The quacking is of such volume looking at the contributions that a Checkuser is indicated and requested. Penyulap  ☏  14:06, 12 Jul 2012 (UTC) 14:06, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I would like to withdraw this request for CU and SPI. not sure how to do that yet, I've come across a diff that gives me cause for reasonable doubt. Penyulap  ☏  14:59, 12 Jul 2012 (UTC)

Comments by other users

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * WIthdrawn at the request of the reporting party. Dennis Brown - 2¢    ©  15:23, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

12 July 2012

 * Suspected sockpuppets

 * (placeholder) main (old) account, spaceflight editor
 * (placeholder) main (old) account, spaceflight editor
 * (placeholder) main (old) account, spaceflight editor
 * (placeholder) main (old) account, spaceflight editor

 * User compare report Auto-generated every hour.

The long time spaceflight editor behind these accounts has gone from harassment (fixation shows in almost all edits/userpages/even his sig) to grooming an admin   for favour  and illusion of support Looking at the contributions already listed and this sort of thing a Checkuser is indicated and requested. I have a dataset which would easily establish the link to other accounts without CU, however I don't wish to educate people who like to do this sort of thing. But it's there if needed. I haven't asked for a CU or reported a sock before, so I'm not sure of the correct balance between providing enough actionable evidence, and avoiding educating and improving the socking editors future ability. So if you let me know when you have just enough, or don't have enough yet, that would be cool.
 * I would definitely like this to go ahead as originally requested, sorry for my initial doubts. Penyulap  ☏  11:31, 15 Jul 2012 (UTC)

 * I asked the editor on his talkpage if he would like to name his older account, he responded on my talkpage without doing so. Penyulap  ☏  13:32, 16 Jul 2012 (UTC)

Comments by other users

I am currently engaged, along with a number of other editors including the user who is the subject of this SPI, in a dispute with Penyulap, so I really don't want to get involved in this case, however I can't let this pass without comment. In its current form, this complaint contains no accusations, let alone evidence, or abusive use of sockpuppetry - merely that Kelphin/Mir has multiple accounts. The user accused has made no attempt to use these accounts disruptively or hide the nature of his accounts; Monreal is clearly marked as a doppleganger account and has never edited, Kelphin has not edited since Mir was registered, and Mir stated that he registered a new account as he had lost the password. I can't see how "grooming an admin" translates into abusing multiple accounts, and in any case all the diffs show is him completing an admin review (which wasn't even that complimentary), and then asking the same administrator (presumably because he is familiar with him) for help in dealing with another editor who he sees as disruptive - interestingly the same editor who has now accused him of sockpuppetry. -- W.  D.   Graham  11:42, 18 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I,being mir almaat 1 S1, say that I just put up a choice to suggest a solution to the ongoing discussion against Penyulap. POISK-300 is my alternative account. Mir Almaat 1 S2 and Monereal are my doppelgangers. Monareal is the former name of the account I'm using now and I only have 1 disruptive edit warning,1 warning of low-level vandilism and 1 false accusation in one sockpuppet investigation. WD had a mistake i.e Kelphin is inacsessable, not password lost.Unpresidented welcome to almaat chat   05:00, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Responding to your TalkBack template, I'd like to ask, how long have you been editing wikipedia for ? Penyulap  ☏  05:28, 19 Jul 2012 (UTC)

 * Since 2010(Kelphin) 2012(Monareal).Unpresidented welcome to almaat chat   05:47, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Have you forgotten the infobox?Unpresidented welcome to almaat chat   05:54, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Interesting, can you tell me why you talk to me so very much ? Penyulap  ☏  05:56, 19 Jul 2012 (UTC)

 * I want you to
 * a.) Stop your Disruptive editing
 * b.) Resume work on the infobox
 * c.) And stop this investigation because this accusation is like a revenge accusation against the my comments at WP:SPACEFLIGHT, WormTT's and WDGraham's talkpage.Unpresidented welcome to almaat chat   06:00, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

 * A large number of the edits you have made appear to be asking me for assistance, can you tell me why ? Penyulap  ☏  06:25, 19 Jul 2012 (UTC)

 * this contains the our first chat for making the infobox.Unpresidented welcome to almaat chat   06:35, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

 * You have given me barnstars twice, can you explain why ? Penyulap  ☏  06:38, 19 Jul 2012 (UTC)

 * You were editing normally and appreciatingly at that time, that's why. And please follow these
 * a.) Stop your Disruptive editing
 * b.) Resume work on the infobox
 * c.) And stop this investigation because this accusation is like a revenge accusation against the my comments at WP:SPACEFLIGHT, WormTT's and WDGraham's talkpageUnpresidented welcome to almaat chat   06:43, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

What? Can't I give him gifts on his 0.3rd birthday?Unpresidented welcome to almaat chat   07:16, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * You have given gifts and an award to my bot, PALZ9000 could you explain why ? Penyulap  ☏  07:09, 19 Jul 2012 (UTC)

 * You have taken an interest in rating an administrator, why is that ? Penyulap  ☏  07:18, 19 Jul 2012 (UTC)

Why? Everybody has the right to comment on an admin on his/her admin review. He is my favourite admin and teahouse host, so i decided to tell something about dave.Unpresidented welcome to almaat chat   07:29, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, I was being "groomed" by an editor who told me that I was the 501st admin out of 700? I wish someone had told me, does that mean he was "bigging me up" and I'm actually lower than 501? In any case, I knew Monareal from his many questions at the Teahouse, and spotted him change his name per this request in April. It appears he recreated Monareal as a doppelganger, which redirects to his current username. I don't see an issue with that at all. Kelphin, I was unaware of, but doesn't appear to have edited since January 2012, completely seperate from the other two accounts (though Kelphin has received a number of barnstars from Mir). I'd advise we all just quietly move on with our lives. I'm going to give similar advice on my talk page, where this was brought up.  Worm TT( talk ) 07:51, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Are you saying that these accounts are not sock-puppets of another older account ? Penyulap  ☏  08:04, 19 Jul 2012 (UTC)
 * Since the term "Sock puppet" specifically refers to abusive use of alternative accounts, and I'm not seeing the abuse - yes, that's what I'm saying.  Worm TT( talk ) 08:15, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I have enjoyed editing policy pages in the past, however, looking at the Harassment policy page I'm thinking nothing needs clarification there, so am I wrong to think that this sock's primary purpose is harassment ? Penyulap  ☏  08:28, 19 Jul 2012 (UTC)
 * Hmmm, I'm not sure if SPI is the best place to discuss that, so I'll drop you a line on your talk page.  Worm TT( talk ) 08:31, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm sure if I need assistance that I can find someone competent to ask. Penyulap  ☏  08:39, 19 Jul 2012 (UTC)

I don't understand - why do you want an "investigation" to establish that some admitted socks, apparently socks within policy at that, are in fact socks? Seems a waste of time to me. Egg  Centri  c  00:12, 20 July 2012 (UTC)
 * It's only a waste of time if WP:HA is insufficiently clear. The difference between the sole purpose from the start of the account, and my response to that harassment is key, they are independent of each other. HA is HA even if it fails to raise a response, even now, when it disturbs other editors, I still do not care at all, in fact I like the idea that the editor yet unnamed has given me two awards as part of his harassment campaign, thanks man. Penyulap  ☏  02:12, 20 Jul 2012 (UTC)

Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments

 * Withdrawn at the request of the reporting party. Dennis Brown - 2¢    ©  15:23, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * No evidence of alternate account abuse. Time to move on. -- DQ  (ʞlɐʇ)  01:05, 24 July 2012 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Keertan Dheda

Keertan Dheda MBBCh (Wits), FCP(SA), FCCP, PhD (Lond), FRCP (Lond), born in 1969, is a Professor of Mycobacteriology and Global health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) with an extra-mural joint appointment at the University of Cape Town (UCT), where he is a Professor of Respiratory Medicine.

He is a global research leader in the field of TB immunopathogenesis and TB diagnosis (Google h-index of 100 and Scopus h-Index of 79 [].

Research
TB is one of the biggest killers of mankind, remains the foremost infectious diseases killer globally, and has made a resurgence in the UK and the European Region, which now reports the highest burden of confirmed multi-drug-resistant TB cases annually.

Dheda’s work has catalysed the reconfiguration of global public health policy from one of passive TB case-finding (self-reporting by patients) to one of active case-finding (community-based unearthing of cases), and he has pioneered novel models outlining how this could be accomplished [1][2]. This has become even more important in the post COVID-19 era due to the worsening under-detection of TB [3]. In contradistinction to traditional accuracy-based evaluation methodology, his work has focused on the application of randomised-controlled trial design for the evaluation of new TB diagnostic tools, to tease out impact on patient important outcomes [1][2][4][5][6]. This together with other studies [7][8], has led to the development of new standards of care for tuberculosis diagnostics and their application to clinical practice (and in specific subgroups).

His work has had substantial impact on global health, including the transmission and management of drug-resistant TB that has informed management decisions by national TB programmes, including screening and infection control policies for health care workers [9][10]. His work indicated that highly drug-resistant strains of TB were not less infectious due to genetic ‘fitness cost’, as previously anticipated, but that there was ongoing widespread transmission of such strains within community settings [11]. This has highlighted the important contribution of TB to the burgeoning antimicrobial resistance problem confronting the world (~30% of the contribution to the estimated global cost of antimicrobial resistance will be due to drug-resistant TB) [12]. The work has facilitated the acceleration of containment strategies and newer regimens for drug-resistant TB [13][14][15][16]. Related novel work, for the first time, demonstrated differential drug penetration into human lung TB cavities and its contribution to drug resistance amplification [17].

Scientific breakthroughs improving the understanding of TB immunopathogenesis have included the development and validation of the ‘first in man’ human lung challenge model for M. tuberculosis complex that involved the installation of live mycobacteria into the lungs of human volunteers [18], and development of the ‘first in man’ transcriptomic map of human TB cavities (using explanted lung samples) that has provided foundational knowledge to unravel the genesis of human TB-associated lung cavitation, which remains largely unexplained [19].

The lung centric work was leveraged to better understand the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. A new immune-phenotype of prolonged lung-specific viral replication was described debunking the notion that viral replication ended after the first week of symptoms followed by a phase of leucocyte hyperactivation [20]. Rather, prolonged viral replication and leucocyte hyperactivation phases may occur concurrently, and this work suggested that some patients may benefit from anti-viral therapy when on mechanical ventilation (currently not endorsed by clinical guidelines). Further work demonstrated, for the first time, the ability to systematically culture SARS-CoV-2 from cough aerosol with a particle diameter < 10uM (particles that can remain suspended in air for several hours and that can be inhaled deeply into the lung) [21]. These data provided the ‘missing link’ to solidify the notion that aerosol-based infectiousness of COVID-19 is a dominant method of transmission (the heterogeneity in infectiousness of participants also supports the super-spreader hypothesis). Up to this point the final proof needed to justify major public health spending to implement transmission-interrupting interventions (essentially improved ventilation) was lacking.

Publications

 * 1) Esmail A, ..., Dheda K. Comparison of two diagnostic intervention packages for community-based active case finding for tuberculosis: an open-label randomized controlled trial.  Nature Medicine . 2023. (Senior author; IF = 82.9)
 * 2) Theron, G, ..., Dheda K. Feasibility, accuracy and clinical effect of point-of-care Xpert MTB/RIF testing for tuberculosis in primary-care settings in Africa: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial.  The Lancet . 2014; S0140-6736(13)62073-5. (Senior author; IF = 168.9; cited 342 times since publication [Scopus]; cited 520 times since publication [Google Scholar]). CITATION CLASSIC.
 * 3) Dheda K, et al. The intersecting pandemics of tuberculosis and COVID-19: population-level and patient-level impact, clinical presentation, and corrective interventions.  Lancet Respir Med . 2022. 10(6):603-622. (First and senior author; IF = 102.64)
 * 4) Peter JG,., Dheda K. Effect on mortality of point-of-care, urine-based lipoarabinomannan testing to guide tuberculosis treatment initiation in HIV- positive hospital inpatients: a pragmatic, parallel-group, multicountry, open-label, randomised controlled trial.  The Lancet.  2016:140-6736(15) 01092-2. (Senior author; IF = 168.9; cited 184 times since publication [Scopus]; cited 265 times since publication [Google Scholar]). CITATION CLASSIC.
 * 5) https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04303104
 * 6) https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05220163
 * 7) Patel VB,., Dheda K. Diagnostic accuracy of quantitative PCR (Xpert MTB/RRIF) for tuberculosis meningitis in a high burden setting: a prospective study.  PloS Medicine . 2013; 10(10), e1001536. (Senior author; IF = 15.8; cited 138 times since publication [Scopus]; cited 209 times since publication [Google Scholar]). CITATION CLASSIC.
 * 8) Theron G, .., Dheda K. Accuracy and impact of Xpert MTB/RIF for the diagnosis of smear-negative or sputum-scarce tuberculosis using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Thorax. 2013. 68(11):1043-51. (Senior author; IF = 10; cited 82 times since publication [Scopus]; cited 130 times since publication [Google Scholar]). CITATION CLASSIC.
 * 9) O'Donnell MR,.., Dheda K. High Incidence of Hospital Admissions with Multidrug Resistant and Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis among South African Health Care Workers.  Ann Internal Med . 2010;153(8):516-22. (Senior author; IF = 39.2; cited 157 times since publication [Scopus]; cited 256 times since publication [Google Scholar]). CITATION CLASSIC.
 * 10) Adams S,.., Dheda K. Incidence of occupational latent tuberculosis infection in South African healthcare workers.  Eur Respir J . 2015. 45(5):1364-73. (Senior author; IF = 24.3)
 * 11) Theron G,.., Dheda K. Bacterial and host determinants of cough aerosol culture positivity in patients with drug-resistant versus drug-susceptible tuberculosis.  Nature Medicine . 2020. (Senior author; IF = 82.9)
 * 12) Pooran A,.., Dheda K. What is the Cost of Diagnosis and Management of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa?   PLoS One . 2013. 8(1): e54587. (Senior author; IF = 3.7; cited 139 times since publication [Scopus]; cited 217 times since publication [Google Scholar]).  CITATION CLASSIC.
 * 13) Esmail A,.., Dheda K.  An All-Oral 6-Month Regimen for Multidrug-Resistant TB (the NExT Study): A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022. 15;205(10):1214-1227. (Senior author; IF = 24.7)
 * 14) Pietersen E,.., Dheda K. Long-term outcomes of patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa: a cohort study.  The Lancet.  2014; 383 (9924). 1230-1239. (Senior author; IF = 168.9; cited 192 times since publication [Scopus]; cited 290 times since publication [Google Scholar]). CITATION CLASSIC.
 * 15) Dheda K, et al. Outcomes, infectiousness, and transmission dynamics of patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis and home-discharged patients with programmatically incurable tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Resp Med. 2017. 2600(16):30433-7. (First and senior author; IF = 76.2; cited 95 times since publication [Scopus]; cited 136 times since publication [Google Scholar]). CITATION CLASSIC.
 * 16) Olayanju O,., Dheda K. Long-term bedaquiline-related treatment outcomes in patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis from South Africa.  Eur Respir J.  2018. 51 (5). (Senior author; IF = 24.3; cited 69 times since publication [Scopus]; cited 104 times since publication [Google Scholar]). CITATION CLASSIC.
 * 17) Dheda K, et al. Gumbo T. Drug-Penetration Gradients Associated with Acquired Drug Resistance in Patients with Tuberculosis.   Am J Respir Crit Care Med . 2018. 198 (9):1208-1219. (First and senior author; IF = 24.7; cited 95 times since publication [Scopus]; cited 123 times since publication [Google Scholar]). CITATION CLASSIC.
 * 18) Davids M,.., Dheda K. A Human Lung Challenge Model to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of PPD and Live Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med . 2020. 201(10):1277-1291. (Senior author; IF = 24.7)
 * 19) Dheda K, et al. Spatial Network Mapping of Pulmonary Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Cavities Using RNA Sequencing.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med . 2019. (First and senior author; IF = 24.7)
 * 20) Tomasicchio M,.., Dheda K. SARS-CoV-2 viral replication persists in the human lung for several weeks after onset of symptomatic severe COVID-19 and is associated with attenuated pulmonary immunity and variant-specific clinical sequalae.  Am J Resp Crit Care Med . 2023. In Press.
 * 21) Jaumdally S,.., Dheda K. Frequency, kinetics and determinants of viable SARS-CoV-2 in bioaerosols from ambulatory COVID-19 patients infected with the Beta, Delta or Omicron variants. Nature Communications. 2023. In Press.

Awards and recognition
Dheda received the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Scientific Award, and the 2018 European Union-funded EDCTP Scientific Leadership Award. Other awards have included the Harry Oppenheimer Fellowship Award, the NSTF BHP-Billiton Research award, and MRC Scientific Achievement Award (Platinum). He has been profiled in The Lancet, the Business Day newspaper, IOL, News24, and Carte Blanche, a high-profile news programme in South Africa.

Leadership
Dheda serves or has served on the editorial board of several high impact journals including the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lancet Respiratory Medicine, and the British Medical Journal, amongst others. He has been part of several advisory and adjudication panels including those of the WHO, NIH, EU and the Wellcome Trust (Discovery Grant panel). Dheda is a former president of the South African Thoracic Society, is the founder and co-director of the charity, Free of TB, which provides support and healthcare to poor and needy persons afflicted with TB.

title: Keertan Dheda


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/imohealth.com

Links

 * imohealth.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 1 additions.


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Talk:Charles Grant (Royal Navy officer)

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title: Talk:Charles Grant (Royal Navy officer)


text:
Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge

Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge is a 1,060 acre (4.3 km2) National Wildlife Refuge located in northwestern Alabama, along the Tennessee River downstream from Florence, Alabama. Additional purchases are under negotiation which will increase the size of the refuge to 1,800 acres (7.3 km2).

More than 6,000 visitors per year visit the refuge. The facility is unstaffed, but is administered by the Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge in Decatur, Alabama.

Caves
Two caves, Key Cave and Collier Cave, lie within the refuge, approximately 1.5 mi apart. Both caves are closed to the public. Each is on the northern shore of Pickwick Lake on the Tennessee River. The area also contains several sinkholes and cave systems, including a 38 acre sinkhole lake. The sinkholes and cave systems provide a source of groundwater for the caves. The refuge is set up to minimize the pollution of this groundwater.

Land
The land suffers from severe erosion due to the extensive farming in the area. A restoration of the land to native warm season grasses and mixed hardwoods is underway in order to protect the cave groundwater area. Approximately 338 acres (1.4 km2) of the land is used for corn and soybean production under a Cooperative Farm Agreement. Fields of warm season grasses such as big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans), sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides) cover 260 acres (1.1 km2) of land. 122 acre of hardwood forest has been planted to help control the erosion. There are an additional 30 acre of erosion drainages which are being converted to grassland or hedgerow habitat, 16 acre being used as shallow water areas, and 256 acre of hardwood forests consisting primarily of oak and hickory trees.

History
The land of the Key Cave NWR area has historically been used for agricultural purposes, primarily in farming cotton. The area receives its name from William Key, who owned the land the refuge now contains as well as a plantation house on nearby private property. An enslaved peoples' cemetery called "Key Cemetery" is located on the refuge.

In 1990, the Ozark Underground Laboratory tested the underground water table and determined that the area suffered from chemical pollution from nearby cotton, soybean, corn, and wheat farming operations. The Key Cave and Collier Cave share the same aquifer system which was being polluted as a result of the farming operations.

In 1992, the Monsanto Company sold the land in the highest hazard risk area to The Conservation Fund. This land was later sold to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service which established the Key Cave NWR on January 3, 1997.

Wildlife
Key Cave is a critical habitat for the endangered Alabama cavefish (Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni). Only 130 specimens have been observed over the 36 excursions to Key Cave between 1967 and 1998. The refuge also provides protection for approximately 40,000 endangered gray bats (Myotis grisescens). The cave is also home to two species of endangered crayfish: Phantom cave crayfish (Procambarus pecki) and Cambarus jonesi.

Key Cave NWR also manages several bird species including grasshopper sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum), dickcissels (Spiza americana), northern harriers (Circus cyaneus), short-eared owls (Asio flammeus), loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus), and northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus).

Facilities
The refuge has 2.5 mi of trails for hiking and cycling. Key Cave is not open to the public, but nearby viewing platforms facilitate the viewing of the bats during the summer. This is the #9 site on the North Alabama Birding Trail.

title: Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge


text:
Statistics/Probability

Probability is connected with some unpredictability. We know what outcomes may occur, but not exactly which one. The set of possible outcomes plays a basic role. We call it the sample space and indicate it by S. Elements of S are called outcomes. In rolling a dice the sample space is S = {1,2,3,4,5,6}. Not only do we speak of the outcomes, but also about events, sets of outcomes (or subsets of the sample space). E.g. in rolling a dice we can ask whether the outcome was an even number, which means asking after the event "even" = E = {2,4,6}. In simple situations with a finite number of outcomes, we assign to each outcome s (∈ S) its probability (of occurrence) p(s) (written with a small p), a number between 0 and 1. It is a quite simple function, called the probability function, with the only further property that the total of all the probabilities sum up to 1. Also for events A do we speak of their probability P(A) (written with a capital P), which is simply the total of the probabilities of the outcomes in A. For a fair dice p(s) = 1/6 for each outcome s and P("even") = P(E) = 1/6+1/6+1/6 = 1/2.

The general concept of probability for non-finite sample spaces is a little more complex, although it rests on the same ideas.

Why have probability in a statistics textbook?
Very little in mathematics is truly self contained. Many branches of mathematics touch and interact with one another, and the fields of probability and statistics are no different. A basic understanding of probability is vital in grasping basic statistics, and probability is largely abstract without statistics to determine the "real world" probabilities.

This section is not meant to give a comprehensive lecture in probability, but rather simply touch on the basics that are needed for this class, covering the basics of Bayesian Analysis for those students who are looking for something a little more interesting. This knowledge will be invaluable in attempting to understand the mathematics involved in various Distributions that come later.

Set notion
A set is a collection of objects. We usually use capital letters to denote sets, e.g. A is the set of females in this room.

 * The members of a set A are called the elements of A, e.g. Patricia is an element of A (Patricia ∈ A); Patrick is not an element of A (Patrick ∉ A).
 * The universal set, U, is the set of all objects under consideration, e.g., U is the set of all people in this room.
 * The null set or empty set, ∅, has no elements, e.g., the set of males above 2.8m tall in this room is an empty set.
 * The complement Ac of a set A is the set of elements in U outside A, i.e. x ∈ Ac iff x ∉ A.
 * Let A and B be 2 sets. A is a subset of B if each element of A is also an element of B. Write A ⊂ B, e.g. the set of females wearing metal frame glasses in this room ⊂ the set of females wearing glasses in this room ⊂ the set of females in this room.

• The intersection A ∩ B of two sets A and B is the set of the common elements. I.e. x ∈ A ∩ B iff x ∈ A and x ∈ B.

• The union A ∪ B of two sets A and B is the set of all elements from A or B. I.e. x ∈ A ∪ B iff x ∈ A or x ∈ B.

Venn diagrams and notation
A Venn diagram visually models defined events. Each event is expressed with a circle. Events that have outcomes in common will overlap with what is known as the intersection of the events.

Negation
Negation is a way of saying "not A", hence saying that the complement of A has occurred. Note: The complement of an event A can be expressed as A' or Ac For example: "What is the probability that a six-sided die will not land on a one?" (five out of six, or p = 0.833)

P[ X' ] = 1 - P[ X ] $$ Or, more colloquially, "the probability of 'not X' together with the probability of 'X' equals one or 100%."

Relative frequency describes the number of successes over the total number of outcomes. For example if a coin is flipped and out of 50 flips 29 are heads then the relative frequency is $$\frac{29}{50}$$ The Union of two events is when you want to know Event A OR Event B. This is different from "And." "And" is the intersection, whereas "OR" is the union of the events (both events put together). In the above example of events you will notice that... Event A is a STAR and a DIAMOND. Event B is a TRIANGLE and a PENTAGON and a STAR (A ∩ B) = (A and B) = A intersect B is only the STAR But (A ∪ B) = (A or B) = A Union B is EVERYTHING. The TRIANGLE, PENTAGON, STAR, and DIAMOND Notice that both event A and Event B have the STAR in common. However, when you list the Union of the events you only list the STAR one time! Event A = STAR, DIAMOND   EVENT B = TRIANGLE, PENTAGON, STAR When you combine them together you get (STAR + DIAMOND) + (TRIANGLE + PENTAGON + STAR) BUT WAIT!!! STAR is listed two times, so one will need to SUBTRACT the extra STAR from the list. You should notice that it is the INTERSECTION that is listed TWICE, so you have to subtract the duplicate intersection.

Conjunction
Formula for the Union of Events: P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)

Example: Let P(A) = 0.3 and P(B) = 0.2 and P(A ∩ B) = 0.15. Find P(A ∪ B). P(A ∪ B) = (0.3) + (0.2) - (0.15) = 0.35

Example: Let P(A) = 0.3 and P(B) = 0.2 and P(A ∩ B) = 0. Find P(A ∪ B). Note: Since the intersection of the events is the null set, then you know the events are DISJOINT or MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE. P(A ∪ B) = (0.3) + (0.2) - (0) = 0.5

Law of total probability
The law of total probability is[1] a theorem that, in its discrete case, states if {\displaystyle \left\{{B_{n}:n=1,2,3,\ldots }\right\}}\left\{{B_{n}:n=1,2,3,\ldots }\right\} is a finite or countably infinite partition of a sample space (in other words, a set of pairwise disjoint events whose union is the entire sample space) and each event {\displaystyle B_{n}}B_{n} is measurable, then for any event {\displaystyle A}A of the same probability space:

{\displaystyle P(A)=\sum _{n}P(A\cap B_{n})}{\displaystyle P(A)=\sum _{n}P(A\cap B_{n})} or, alternatively,[1]

{\displaystyle P(A)=\sum _{n}P(A\mid B_{n})P(B_{n}),}{\displaystyle P(A)=\sum _{n}P(A\mid B_{n})P(B_{n}),} where, for any {\displaystyle n}n for which {\displaystyle P(B_{n})=0}{\displaystyle P(B_{n})=0} these terms are simply omitted from the summation, because {\displaystyle P(A\mid B_{n})}{\displaystyle P(A\mid B_{n})} is finite.

Conditional Probability
What is the probability of one event given that another event occurs? For example, what is the probability of a mouse finding the end of the maze, given that it finds the room before the end of the maze?

This is represented as:

P[A | B] $$

or "the probability of A given B."

$$P(A | B) = \frac{P(A\cap B)}{P(B)}$$

If A and B are independent of one another, such as with coin tosses or child births, then:

P[A | B] = P[ A ] $$

Thus, "what is the probability that the next child a family bears will be a boy, given that the last child is a boy."

This can also be stacked where the probability of A with several "givens."

P[A | B_1, B_2, B_3 ] $$

or "the probability of A given that B1, B2, and B3 are true?"

-->

title: Statistics/Probability


text:
Broken Mirrors

Broken Mirrors (מראות שבורות) is a 2019 Israeli drama film written and directed by Imri Matalon and Aviad Givon and starring Shira Haas. The film had its world premiere at the 2018 Rome Film Festival as part of the competition at the 18th edition of Alice in the City section. Broken Mirrors was nominated for three Ophir Awards (Best Screenplay, Lead Actress for Shira Haas, and Casting), and it won the Jury Prize at the 2019 SCHLINGEL International Film Festival. The film is distributed in Israel by United King Films and internationally by Wazabi Films.

Cast

 * Shira Haas as Ariela
 * Yiftach Klein as Giora
 * Renana Raz as Nava
 * Yoav Rotman as Ben
 * Liora Rivlin

title: Broken Mirrors


text:
CivCity: Rome

CivCity: Rome is a city building strategy game by Firefly Studios and Firaxis Games. It includes elements from two game series, Caesar and Civilization.

The player manages various cities of the Roman Empire by strategic placement of buildings. Making sure that each neighborhood has access to all the commodities it needs to upgrade the residences of citizens is the primary challenge.

Gameplay

The game offers two types of mission: stand-alone missions to include freeplay (or "sandbox") and campaign-based tutorial missions. The campaign-based mission begins when the player, an engineer, is hired by a local stone works overseer to build a stone mine colony. The player then gets further opportunities to prove himself, meeting such historic characters as Marcus Licinius Crassus and Julius Caesar. The player is granted various ranks, progressing through such titles as Quaestor, Aedile, Censor, Tribune, Praetor and Consul.

Each campaign mission begins with the player's patron offering the greeting of "Hail!" and then stating the character's title. Midway through the game, the player can choose to embark on military campaigns or continue to play peaceful missions which have harder goals but no risk of invasion. In the five military missions, the player can fight three different enemies: the Egyptians, the Germanic tribes of the north, and the famous warriors of Carthage. The building and research options vary according to which mission the player chooses.

The game comes with 27 different maps and 34 missions with user-created scenarios offering many game play possibilities. There are over 75 unique units, 115 different building types and 70 technologies to research in the game. The player can also find over 1000 historical facts in the Civilopedia. There are seven wonders that can be built: the Colosseum, the Great Library, the Great Lighthouse of Alexandria, Trajan's Column, the Obelisk, Circus Maximus, and the Pantheon. Production of these trophy buildings will confer various advantages to the city.

Some citizens will break the fourth wall and state that they are aware they are in a video game. One female citizen specifically will state that she often looks upwards and sees a great face staring down at her (referencing the player).

The player can look inside of various buildings and interact with many of the city's residents. If these citizens are not paid, fed, or given other necessities, they will start to become unhappy. If city happiness falls too low, people will start to leave the city. In the game, there is also chance that certain people, (Cleopatra, Attila the Hun, Julius Caesar, etc.), can increase or decrease city happiness by sending messages. Some natural disasters can occur, such as earthquakes and fires, and these can bring down buildings.

An in-game editor allows players to create new maps and scenarios.

Reception
The game received average reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Reviewers claimed that derivative and monotonous gameplay and graphical bugs dampened the playing experience.

title: CivCity: Rome


text:
Talk:Chris Sparling

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Chris Sparling. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:00, 23 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chris Sparling


text:
Talk:Ruby Programming/Hello world

For some reason the Previous doesn't want to appear in the template output, maybe to do with string length or something. Will look into it and if I can't resolve it will pass for debugging. Sjc 06:57, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ruby Programming/Hello world


text:
Ellsworth B. Belden

Ellsworth Burnett Belden (May 18, 1866 – March 11, 1939) was an American lawyer and judge, serving as a Wisconsin Circuit Court Judge and County Judge in Racine County, Wisconsin, for nearly 50 years, from 1889 until his death in 1939.

Biography
Born in Rochester, Wisconsin, Belden was educated in the common schools of the district and graduated from the Rochester Seminary in 1883. He was employed by his grandfather, Judge Philo Belden, in the County Court of Racine County until the fall of 1884, when he entered the University of Wisconsin Law School in Madison, Wisconsin. At the time of his graduation, in 1886, he was the youngest person to have ever received a diploma from the school. At age 20, however, he was still technically too young to practice law in the state of Wisconsin, thus worked for a time as an assistant to the Attorney General of Wisconsin, Leander F. Frisby.

When eligible, he was admitted to the State Bar of Wisconsin and began practicing law in Racine County. But in April 1889, he ran for County Judge to replace his grandfather, who was retiring. After the younger Belden won the election, Judge Philo Belden opted to resign his office early due to his deteriorating health. The Governor appointed the younger Belden to begin his term early and he was sworn into office on September 5, 1889. At the time of his election, at age 23, he was the youngest County Judge in the history of the state.

After two six-year terms serving as County Judge, in 1901, Judge Belden ran for the Wisconsin Circuit Court seat in the 1st circuit and was elected in the spring election. At the time, the 1st circuit was composed of Racine, Kenosha and Walworth counties.

Judge Belden was re-elected in this office six times, serving over 37 years. On February 12, 1939, he was admitted to St. Mary's Hospital in Racine, suffering from heart disease and died a month later.

Personal life and family
Belden was a grandson of Philo Belden, who was one of the founders of the town of Rochester, Wisconsin, and served in many state and local offices in the early years of Wisconsin's statehood. His father, Henry Ward Belden, served as an officer in the 24th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment in the American Civil War.

Belden married Hattie Marie Raymond on June 26, 1890. They had two sons.

Judge Belden was a member of the Episcopal Church, the Knights of Pythias, Rotary International, Kiwanis Club, Optimist International, Royal Arcanum, and Modern Woodmen of America, and was a 32nd Degree Mason. For several years, he was president of the Racine YMCA, and was credited for the fundraising effort that built the YMCA building in Racine (part of Racine's Old Main Street Historic District in the National Register of Historic Places).

During World War I, Judge Belden was an active and effective campaigner for Liberty Loans, and his son, Stanley, served as an officer in the U.S. Army.

title: Ellsworth B. Belden


text:
Euphrates Crossing offensive (2017)

The 2017 Euphrates Crossing offensive was a military offensive launched by the Syrian Arab Army against members of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate, following the breaking of the three-year siege of the city of Deir ez-Zor. The Euphrates Crossing offensive, conducted by government troops, was done with the aim of denying US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces and the US itself leverage over the Syrian government.

The offensive was concurrent with the two SDF offensives, the Battle of Raqqa and the northern Deir ez-Zor offensive, as well the Hawija Offensive in Iraq.

2011–14
Protests against the Syrian government and violence in the Syrian city Deir ez-Zor took place since March 2011, but large-scale fighting began in late November 2011, in order for the rebels to take control of the eastern part of Syria. By the end of 2013, rebels took over most of the province, leaving only a small pocket of government control in and around the city of Deir ez-Zor.

2014–17
Following the expansion of the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant in late 2013 and early 2014, ISIL forces launched a major offensive against the rebels in the province and the city of Deir Ez-Zor, pushing out rebel forces and besieging government troops in Deir ez-Zory city. For more than three years, the Syrian Arab Army managed to keep control of the western half of the city, while ISIL was in control of the entire eastern side of the city. During this time ISIL launched several offensives to capture the remaining parts of the city with limited gains.

Summer 2017
On 27 August, as part of a wider campaign in central Syria against ISIL, the Syrian Arab Army, launched a major offensive against the city of Deir ez-Zor in an attempt to break the siege. On 3 September, pro-government forces broke through to the city's first lines of defense around 10 pm. Two days later, the siege was broken. Soon after, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) launched an offensive on ISIL positions east of the Euphrates River on 8 September, with US and Kurd officials announcing they would not allow the Syrian Arab Army to descend across the Euphrates. Meanwhile, on 10 September, the Syrian Arab Army broke the siege of the Deir ez-Zor military airport, after which they pushed to the south. Concurrently the SDF broke through to the outskirts of the city on the other side of the Euphrates and occupied the industrial zone and the main road. On 11 September, the Syrian Arab Army and the pro-government media announced the beginning of an offensive and amphibious landing over the Euphrates River, beginning with the installation of pontoon bridges and amphibians. The announcement in the pro-government media was that the military operation would be called the Assad's jump on the occasion of the birthday of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. On 15 September, Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova announced the beginning of an army offensive across the Euphrates River, and a day later the Russian air force bombed the positions of the SDF northeast of Deir ez-Zor. Elsewhere, pro-government forces, with the support of Russian air strikes, launched operations against Deir ez-Zor city's northwestern district. The same day, the Syrian government announced the start of an offensive on Al-Bukamal and the complete closure of the border with Iraq.

The offensive
On 18 September, pro-government forces crossed the Euphrates River using makeshift bridges, and launched an offensive on the east bank of the city of Deir ez-Zor, advancing within 3 miles (5 km) of positions held by the SDF. The next day, the SAA said that pro-government forces continued to advance on the east bank of the Euphrates, including an assault against al-Sabah village.

On 20 September, the Russian Defense Ministry accused the US-backed SDF of assisting ISIL in East Deir Ez-Zor in various ways in an attempt to prevent the Syrian army and its paramilitaries from capturing the region. Russian General Igor Konashenkov, spokesman for the Ministry, noted that the strongest ISIL counter-attacks and artillery shelling on the Syrian Army bridge on the eastern bank of the Euphrates River came from the north where the US and Kurdish forces hold positions, not from the south where most ISIL forces were. The Russian general accused the US Coalition of other acts of sabotage against the forces of the Syrian army. US denied complicity with ISIS.

On 21 September, ISIL released video appearing to show it was deploying armed drones to prevent the SAA from expanding its positions on the east coast of Deir ez-Zor. ISIS opened fire on the Syrian army, but the army did not report any losses. Meanwhile, the Syrian Arab Army (SAA) continued its march along the east coast of the Euphrates River, capturing a new town located near the strategic Al-'Omar's oil fields after fierce clashes with ISIS members. With the support of heavy artillery from the 113th and 137th Brigades of the 17th Division, the 5th Legion of the Syrian Arab Army reported it had overcome the positions of the ISIS east of the recently captured al-Marat in order to advance to Mazloum. The 4th Mechanized Division and the 5th Legion began an advance south of Mazloum towards Khasham.

On 5 October, units of the 4th Armoured Division crossed the Euphrates. On 16 October, Syrian army captured town of al-Husayniyah on the other side of Euphrates from Deir ez-Zor after full day of clashes with ISIL fighters. The next day, the town of Janenah was also captured.

On 18 October, Major General Issam Zahreddine, the commander of 104th Airborne Brigade of the Republican Guard who lead the Syrian Army during the three-year siege of Deir ez-Zor, was killed by a land mine in Saqr Island within Euphrates river.

Syrian Army captured southern parts of Deir ez-Zor industrial area, including paper factory and construction zone, north of village of Al-Salhiyah in the morning of 20 October. The next morning, two settlements were captured by the Syrian Army.

Aftermath
The Syrian Army began operations to recapture the city of Deir ez-Zor on 17 October and by 3 November, government forces completely captured the city.

title: Euphrates Crossing offensive (2017)


text:
Portal:Christianity/Selected biography/April 2006

  Father Damien, formally Jozef de Veuster, (January 3, 1840 - April 15, 1889), was a Flemish Catholic missionary of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary who is revered primarily by Hawaii residents and Christians for having dedicated his life in service to the lepers of Molokai in the Kingdom of Hawaii, which ultimately led to his own death from the disease. In Catholicism, Father Damien is the spiritual patron of people with leprosy, outcasts, and those with HIV/AIDS, and of the State of Hawaii. Father Damien Day is recognized each year in Hawaii on April 15. His Feast Day in the Catholic Church is May 10. Having been beatified in 1995, Father Damien is awaiting formal approval for sainthood.

(more)


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Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/Local/truecharm.redcrix.com

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New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 10:15, 19 August 2020 (UTC) No links left in here mentioned edits. Marked stale. . --COIBot (talk) 19:51, 19 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
User:Chiaraluchetti/sandbox

= Wine Routes in Argentina = Wine routes in Argentina cross several wine producing regions of the Argentine Republic with the aim of boosting national tourism.

Historia
In Argentina, viticulture began with the arrival of the Spanish in 1556, during the so-called colonial period. A clergyman named Juan Cedrón introduced some vine cuttings in what is today’s Santiago del Estero province. Later, a Frenchman, Aimé Pouget, planted a pilot vineyard in the province of Mendoza, introducing some grape varieties from France. During the decade of the 1880s, Tiburcio Benegas planted about 250 hectares of vineyards in Mendoza and he created the country’s first winery, called El Trapiche. Then, in 1985, with the arrival of the railroad to this province, production was boosted, since Buenos Aires was turning into an important wine consuming area during that time. Over the years, vineyards prospered in Mendoza, and some of them even came to have their own railroad station. Currently, Argentine wines are very appreciated in several countries around the world. In Argentina, the viticultural area ranges between 22º and 42º South latitude; it stretches for 2400 km all along the Andes Mountains, from the province of Salta to the province of Río Negro. Ideally, the areas suitable for wine growing must be dry and arid, with a low amount of rainfall and low humidity —an important factor, primarily to avoid vine diseases. Abundant sunny days and a great thermal amplitude favor ripening and concentration of aromas, color and sugar content. Canal irrigation systems are used to carry meltwater from the Andes Mountains. This water descends, turning into rivers and streams which finally end up in irrigation canals and ditches (Spanish: acequias).

Salta Province
In this province, the wine route begins in the provincial capital of Salta, then it goes through some historical villages and finally ends in the town of Cafayate. An Argentine grape variety called Torrontés is used to produce wines, which are often labeled with the same name. However, other grape varieties are also used, such as Malbec, Cabernet Souvignon, Syrah and Chardonnay. Currently, in the towns of Yacochuya and Colomé, at more than 2,000 meters above sea level, some new enterprises are being developed, which seek to find different grape varieties suited to the weather conditions at high altitude.

Tucumán Province
In late 2011, the province of Tucumán joined Argentina’s wine routes through the signing of an agreement among Ente Autárquico Tucumán Turismo (EATT), Corporación Vitivinícola Argentina (COVIAR) and Bodegas de Argentina. This agreement will provide resources for the province to increase enotourism.

Catamarca Province
Also the province of Catamarca is now part of Argentina's wine routes. Its main winemaking centers are located in the dry and arid Western areas of the province —such as Fiambalá, Tinogasta, Pomán, Belén and Santa Maria— where they benefit from an ideal climate for vine growing. The grape varieties which are mainly cultivated include Bonarda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Torrontés.

La Rioja Province
In this province of Argentina, viticulture has been practised for many years with excellent products. Crops are mainly located in Chilecito, Felipe Varela, Nonogasta, Vinchina, Villa Castelli, Castro Barros, San Blas de los Sauces, Anillaco, Famatina y Sanagasta. In all these places, the climate is perfect for the production of different grape varieties, so that major wineries are set up in these areas. Wines from La Rioja have obtained international recognition several times. In fact, the Torrontés Riojano, one of the most common Torrontés varieties in Argentina, has won a major award in wine making at international level. More recent and minor acknowledgements confirm the role of the wine sector in this area.

San Juan Province
The Tulum Valley is considered the main grape producer in this province. Its dry and temperate climate makes it ideal for the production of Syrah, the main grape variety for winegrowing in this area. Moreover, other fine and liqueur wines are also produced. The main wineries in San Juan are equipped with modern machinery; indeed, stainless steel vessels are used and refrigeration is controlled by computers. In spite of this, the use of oak has not stopped, and it is still employed to preserve the most precious wines.

Mendoza Province
In this province the main agricultural activity is viticulture. The high quality of its products is renowned worldwide. It is considered one of the Great Wine Capitals and it is the province with the highest national production, corresponding to 60% of the total cultivated area in Argentina. Millions of helectoliters of wine are produced each year by 1,221 wineries using a wide range of grape varieties, including Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Barbera, Malbec, Syrah, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Semillón and Chenin, among others. White wines and young red wines are a specialty of the northern part of the province, while the largest grape-growing production in Mendoza is concentrated on the eastside. The wide extension of cultivated lands in the province of Mendoza makes it necessary to divide it into different areas, since its climatic features and altitude are very different:

 * Northern area: suitable for fruity white wines and young red wines. Its altitude ranges from 600 m. to 700 m.
 * Eastern area: in this area the altitude ranges from 600 m. to 700 m. It is the area with the largest production.
 * Upper valley of Mendoza River: its altitude ranges from 800 m. and 1,100 m. above sea level and microclimates. All grape varieties are grown in this area, with Malbec standing out.
 * Uco Valley: area of cold climate and higher altitude that ranges from 800 m. to 1,400 m. above sea level; vineyards are located in the foothills of Mendoza (Spanish: Precordillera). The wines produced are characterized by their acidity.
 * San Rafael: from 450 m. to 800 m. of altitude; in 1993, the Denomination of Origin was established in this area.

Neuquén Province
This is one of the youngest provinces in Argentina's viticulture. It has its own wine route, which is linked to other tourist themes, such as paleontology. In this tour, vineyards and wineries can be appreciated and in some of them gastronomic services can be found. It is in the town of San Patricio del Chañar that the greatest agricultural activity is centred, while wine-growing facilities can be found a few kilometres away. This is where the fruit of the grapevine is industrialised, whose varieties are Malbec, Merlot, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon.

appreciated and in some of them gastronomic services can be found. It is in the town of San Patricio del Chañar that the greatest agricultural activity is centred, while wine-growing facilities can be found a few kilometres away. This is where the fruit of the grapevine is industrialised, whose varieties are Malbec, Merlot, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon.

Río Negro Province
In the so-called upper Río Negro Valley the largest amount of fruit in the country is produced, mainly apples and pears, in addition to grapes. The town of General Roca is where the greatest winemaking activity of the province is concentrated. Here are located some of the southernmost wineries in Argentina, and excellent varieties of wine are produced, among which sparkling wine, which is made by using methods brought from France. The most developed grape varieties are Pinot Noir, Semillon and Merlot. The region is characterized by winds which create favourable conditions for a dry environment, thus making the vineyards less susceptible to disease s. This is why some of the wines are considered organic.

Córdoba Province
In this province, one of the first Argentine wines was produced, called Lagrimilla, a sweet wine which was taken to Spain by the Jesuits in the nineteenth century. The production takes place in the Colón Department and in the town of Colonia Caroya. This last area is the one that has more wineries and producers, who dedicate themselves to making artisan al wines. The visit to the facilities and their vineyards, followed by wine tasting, has become the main attraction of this route. During the month of March, Colonia Caroya celebrates the provincial festival of the grape harvest, which begins on a Saturday and takes place in honour of the work of the grape producers of this town. The following day, the inhabitants of Colonia Caroya gather with friends, relatives, visitors and tourists to have lunch in the street, under the leafy grove, where they celebrate the end of the grape harvest. This activity is known as Sagra de la uva.

Jujuy, Buenos Aires and La Pampa Provinces
The provinces of Jujuy, La Pampa and Buenos Aires are wine producers in Argentina with their own specific features, due to the special weather conditions which characterize each of these areas.

The Grape Harvest National Festival
Since 1936, the Grape Harvest National Festival is celebrated yearly in Mendoza during the first week of March, in honour of the men and women who produce wine, from the fields to the industry.

title: User:Chiaraluchetti/sandbox


text:
Cookbook talk:Cuisine of China

I would really love to have some recipes here. --<IP_ADDRESS> 21:49, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC) Magnus Nordlander
 * Me too! David Johnson 16:24, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Cuisine of China


text:
Northern Arizona University/Philosophy of Law/Discussion of Online Texts

 * /Weeks 1-4/
 * /Week 5/
 * /Week 6/
 * /Week 7/
 * /Week 8/
 * /Week 9/
 * Week 10
 * /Week 11/
 * /Week 12/
 * /Week 13/
 * /Week 14/
 * /Week 15/

Return to Northern Arizona University: Philosophy of Law Main Page


text:
красти

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to steal

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  to steal
 * 2)  to steal away

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to steal

title: красти


text:
Mikohn Gaming

Mikohn Gaming was a company founded Las Vegas, Nevada, in 1986 to produce original slot machines and signage for casinos. Formed by John Acres and Mike Stone, the company's principal activity was to develop, manufacture and market branded slot machine and table games, gaming machines, gaming products including signage, progressive jackpot systems, and table game management systems. The company was restructured and renamed to Progressive Gaming International Corporation (PGIC) in 2005, and was publicly traded on NASDAQ with the trading symbol PGIC. At its peak, the company had about 300 employees and had offices in various other cities around the world. It went bankrupt in 2009.

Products
Some of the slot machine game themes produced by Mikohn Gaming included several that were based on well-known brands, including:
 * Several games produced by Hasbro:
 * Trivial Pursuit
 * Clue
 * Yahtzee
 * Battleship
 * The rock band Kiss
 * The comic strip Garfield

The Garfield game faced some criticism over the potential for it inappropriately appealing to children.

Timeline

 * 1986: Mikohn is founded in Las Vegas, Nevada.
 * 2005: Mikohn is restructured and renamed to Progressive Gaming International Corporation (PGIC), and was listed on NASDAQ with the trading symbol PGIC. Part of the restructuring included buying VirtGame, a company that made slot machines using a central server-based system architecture with downloadable content, for $20 million in stock swap value. At its peak, the company had about 300 employees and had offices in various other cities around the world.
 * 2006: PGIC introduces Rapid Bet Live, a system for live real-time sports and race betting that supports betting on details within ongoing games, launching the system at The Palms Hotel and Casino, where it proves popular.    The system receives the "Product of the Year Award for 2006" by Casino Journal and is extended to support wireless mobile betting devices.
 * 2007 PGIC's Rapid Bet Live system is pulled out from The Palms without explanation.
 * 2007: After failing to prevail in litigation against the game maker Derek Webb in which it had alleged patent rights violations by Webb's Three Card Poker game, PGIC agrees to pay a $20 million settlement for alleged anticompetitive behavior in attempting to enforce patent rights claims that were not valid.
 * 2007: PGIC's Table Games Division, including the rights to all of PGIC's specialty table game titles, is sold to Shuffle Master for an upfront payment of $23.4 million and future payments, with an estimated net value between $37.4 million and $46.5 million.
 * 2008: Having difficulty maintaining compliance with regulatory requirements for public trading amidst a general slowdown of the gaming industry during the Great Recession, PGIC conducts a 1-to-8 reverse stock split.
 * 2009: PGIC files for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, listing assets of $263,600 and unsecured debts of $5.6 million. Most of the company's assets had been sold to International Game Technology (IGT) in a foreclosure sale just before the bankruptcy declaration. The company's largest unsecured creditor was Hasbro, to which it owed $1 million from a 2007 lawsuit settlement.

title: Mikohn Gaming


text:
Talk:Dominik Hrbatý

Requested move
The name of this article should be changed to "Dominik Hrbaty" because that is the name used on the English-language websites of the official governing bodies of tennis, which are the Association of Tennis Professionals and the International Tennis Federation. That also is the name used on the English-language website of the Davis Cup. Finally, that is the name used on the English-language websites of the following Grand Slam tournaments: French Open (Roland Garros), Wimbledon, US Open. Tennis expert (talk) 19:48, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

Request for wider input on discussion at WikiProject Tennis
There is a long, ongoing discussion at WP:Tennis about the tournament tables found in tennis articles on English-language Wikipedia (e.g., this type of table). The discussion is about whether the "official sponsored name" of a tournament - such as Pacific Life Open - or another tournament name without the sponsor - such as Indian Wells Masters - must be used in those articles. Please join the discussion here. Thanks. Tennis expert (talk) 09:21, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dominik Hrbatý


text:
Talk:Donell Taylor

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 15:25, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Donell Taylor


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Queen (band)/archive1

Queen (band)

 * The article on Queen is mostly excellent; it has comprehensive information and a detailed history of the band. It just needs a bit more editing and cleaning up to be a legit Featured Article Candidate. Please check out the article and fix it as you see fit. TheImpossibleMan 17:40, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Thanks, AndyZ 21:21, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The external links in the article need to be converted to WP:FOOTNOTEs.
 * The timeline-like history should simply be converted to prose (in other words, remove the bolded years)
 * I don’t see any reason why there should be two members sections.
 * There is “Queen in film” and “Documentary”; per WP:MoS “Queen in film” simply should be “In film” or “Film”.
 * The layout is pretty poor; history -> success -> live -> members -> film. It should be reorganized.

Besides what I mentioned during the FAC process, another recommendation would be to remove the sales data from the first paragraph and move it further into the article. Normally, I'd agree with keeping the sales data in the lead, but in this case, the first paragraph spends considerable time attempting to determine the number of sales from three sources. Since it's the first bit of information in the article, it appears that the most famous thing that Queen is known for is inaccurate sales data. --Ataricodfish 16:15, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Done. I moved the sales figures into the "Historical Success" section, and added some information in the opening. TheImpossibleMan 19:37, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't understand the rationale for turning the history into a massive chunk of prose. Generally on Wikipedia, lengthy sections of text without subheadings are discouraged. That's why I originally addeded the subheadings, breaking 1970s up into 1971, 1972 and so on. It's just out of control otherwise. So, I'm rather inclined to add them back again. Reply on the article talk page...Stevage 21:16, 29 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
sconsiderato

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) unconsidered, thoughtless, rash

Noun

 * 1) unconsidered or thoughtless person

title: sconsiderato


text:
Wikiversity talk:Problems I have encountered

For simplicity of presentation on the "problems" page, I am starting discussion about each story here. Cormaggio talk 10:53, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

Pigeonholing
"Most wiki projects there is one page on one topic and people who want to work on that topic have to work together, thus NPOV and dispute resolution. Here you don't get that effect, meaning that projects rely more on advertising and less on the notability of the topic." >>> Do you mean here that you would prefer people to work on one page about a given subject? How would this be managed when you have differing pedagogical perspectives? I would like to encourage collaboration, but I wouldn't like to force people into a particular view of a subject if their perspective is different. How do you (or anyone) see the potential for collaboration without compromising individual pedagogical freedom? It's an interesting question! "Also, bureaucracy is slow if people assume there should be one (extension approval committee) when in fact such a bureaucracy doesn't exist." >>> I'm not sure if I understand this - what bureaucracies are you saying we should have or improve upon? Are these issues (like extensions) not community issues? Or should we delegate certain decisions to specific people/groups? Incidentally, what extensions do you want to approve (and where did you originally request it)? Cormaggio talk 10:53, 18 April 2007 (UTC)
 * The quiz extension finally got approved by someone somewhere. I had no idea where to take it, as apparently they wanted approval from someone somewhere.--Rayc 00:07, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Hmmm, I thought all this kind of stuff was organised on the MediaWiki wiki. Perhaps McCormack might help us here... Cormaggio talk 00:13, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

Film school
Firstly, I'd like to say thanks Robert for such a clear picture of problems you've encountered. On software limitations, I'd like to be able to draw up a clear set of requirements that we need in order to build and organise a set of learning materials into a course. Your experiences are very clear, but I'd like to translate them into a wishlist that we can present to a developer (or group of developers) in order to brainstorm and develop a solution. Part of my frustration (and I think others' too) is that we don't seem to have an interested individual or group within the developer community who are monitoring the problems in Wikiversity. However, I do know that there most definitely are developers who are very interested in Wikiversity, so if we could put together a wishlist backed up by stories such as this one, we could have a good chance of doing something about it. I know there is currently thinking about rewriting Mediawiki to incorporate various (including educational) needs - some details at: Wikieducator.

On social issues of students not wanting to contribute, that is something that requires a range of solutions, like education, making the space as welcoming as possible, perhaps making contributing a mandatory part of participating in the course, as well as solutions like you have already found. However, I'm not sure if I understand your feeling that: "the difference between my content (with the formal student/teacher relationship with very rigid lessons) and the other content of Wikiversity is turning off some students." What is the problem here? Is it that you feel the students can get too easily distracted? How do you envisage that being addressed?

Finally, on a business model, there is nothing wrong or taboo about trying to make money out of the work you put into Wikiversity. That is why we exclude the NC licence - the opportunity to use content in a commercial venture must exist. There is thinking on how to fit a payment model into Wikiversity - some of this is at: Wikiversity NPC, and Teemu Leinonen has posted about this to his blog. It'd be interesting to pursue this discussion to make Wikiversity perhaps more viable and/or attractive to a wider range of educators. Cormaggio talk 10:53, 18 April 2007 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Derrick Rostagno

User:Oo7565 has added a prod notice to this article and suggested it should be deleted for the stated reason: "non noteable tennis player does article does not state why he is impotent enough to be on here".

Untitled
I must respectfully disagree. Rostagno is a tennis player who was ranked as high as No. 13 in the world and reached a Grand Slam quarter-final. This information is stated in the article and, in my opinion, makes a tennis player significant enough for inclusion in a large encyclopedia like Wikipedia. He also meets the current criteria for inclusion on the page List of male tennis players (where he is indeed listed - and pretty much every player listed there also has their own article). So I think he is important enough to be on here (not sure about him being "impotent" enough though!). Zaxem 23:20, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Derrick Rostagno


text:
Natalija Ugrina

Natalija Ugrina is a Croatian-American actress, fashion model and influencer based in Los Angeles, California.

Early life and career
Natalija Ugrina was born in Croatia. Her mother, Ketrin Buljević, is a writer and poet, and her father Nenad Ugrina is a diplomat. She started her career at the age of 16 from Elite Model Management, an international modeling agency. She worked various fashion designers and walked Fashion show in different parts of the world. She also appeared in some notable publications such as Vogue Italia, Elle (magazine) and Harper's Bazaar. She moved to Los Angeles to study acting at Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute.

Ugrina is also active as an Instagram and TikTok influencer, with a total of 1.5 million followers.

Filmography

 * Fight of Fury (2020), as Galina
 * A Life Well Lived (2018), as Amela Krajicevic
 * College Ball Movie (2018), as Megan Haley
 * Caravaggio and My Mother the Pope (2018), as Babylon Princess / Caravaggio Madonna
 * The Other (2017), as Milena
 * Zen Expressionism #3 Projection (2016), as Barbara
 * L'Antoinette (2015), as Irena
 * Strangers (2015), as Adair's Companion
 * Hollywood Adventures (2015), as Hot model
 * The Giant Deer (2014), as student
 * Time Hunter (2014), as Zoe
 * The Gambler (2014 film), as Masseuse
 * Pawn Sacrifice (2014), as Bikini model
 * Starry Eyes (2014), as Audition Girl
 * She Looks So Perfect (2014), as model

TV Series

 * Murder in the First (TV series) (2014), as Brooke

Award Shows

 * Côte d'Azur WebFest Awards Show 1st Edition (2019)

As producer

 * A Life Well Lived (2018)

Discography

 * Baby Blue' 2015 with Action Bronson feat Chance the Rapper
 * 'She Looks So Perfect' 2014 with 5 Seconds of Summer
 * 'Daddy Sh*t' with Knox

title: Natalija Ugrina


text:
Talk:Donald Oliver

Biography assessment rating comment
The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- Abebenjoe 22:25, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Donald Oliver


text:
Van Dwelling/Cooking

Fuel, water, and space are very limited in a van or small vehicle. Therefore, it can sometimes be a challenge to eat healthily on the road.

There are a wide variety of foods that can be eaten without cooking:

Fruit -- bananas, apples, oranges, grapefruit, grapes,

Vegetables -- broccoli, cauliflower, string beans, tomatoes, "spinach in a bag".

Breakfast cereals -- Advantages: convenient, tasty, portable, stores well for moderate lengths of time (a few months). Disadvantages: somewhat expensive, full of sugar (with a few exceptions).

Canned soup -- Canned soups are relatively inexpensive, durable, don't require refrigeration, and can be eaten cold or heated. Disadvantages: often high in salt, more expensive than self-prepared foods.

Tips to reduce fuel usage:

 * Presoak beans and grains overnight before cooking. This will soften them up and reduce the time required for cooking.
 * Use an insulated container to "slow cook" your food.
 * Use waste engine heat. As Laren Corie writes:  "Even the dash heater can put out temperatures high enough for a lot of cooking, if you build a frame to direct the air over and around the food or container." It is even possible to cook on the engine block. After running for any length of time, the engine block should be hot enough to cook on.

Sprouts
Advantages of sprouts:

 * Inexpensive
 * Nutritious
 * Easy to prepare
 * Compact
 * Require no cooking or heating
 * Easy to find

Disadvantages:

 * Require an ongoing water supply
 * Require twice daily rinsing
 * Some people don't like the taste

title: Van Dwelling/Cooking


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kathy Fray

The result of the debate was delete. Mailer Diablo 02:14, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Kathy Fray
Non-notable author with 94 Google hits. Fails WP:BIO (I originally listed this article for speedy deletion, but inexplicably, someone didn't think it qualified under CSD G7). The article is also highly nonencyclopedic in its tone and reads more like a press release than a Wikipedia article, but since the subject is non-notable in the first place, it's not really worth anyone's time to improve it. Catamorphism 22:24, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable author, who coined the neologism "Uterosexual" whose AfD is being debated above. Fan1967 22:54, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete. I agree with the position of the nominator, who is well versed in things sexual and political. Brian G. Crawford 23:52, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Do NOT delete. Article wording has been amended. Wikipedia's purpose is to serve as a worldwide encyclopedia, including servicing users from Austalasia - and this is an author well known in Australasia.Triple-x 00:30, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable -- Astrokey44 |talk 01:58, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fails WP:N for books. Harr o 5 02:42, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete fails notability criteria.  OhNo itsJamie Talk 23:28, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. --Khoikhoi 04:20, 25 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
Sjællandske Medier

Sjællandske Medier is a regional Danish media company with activities on the island of Zealand (outside Copenhagen) and headquarters in Ringsted, Denmark. It publishes the newspapers Dagbladet, Frederiksborg amtsavis and Sjællandkse as well as a number of local weekly publications and has also activities in local radio and television, advertisement and book publishing.

History
The modern company originates from the merger of Næstved Tidende and Sjællandske Tidende in 1986. The company A/S Sjællandske Dagblade was established in 1990. Today Sjællandske Medier A/S houses Dagbladet, Sjællandske, Frederiksborg Amts Avis and Nordvestnyt.

Operations
Sjællandske Medier is headquartered in Ringsted. The company has editorial offices in 28 cities on Zealand with the ones in Hillerød, Roskilde, Greve, Køge, Ringsted, Holbæk, Kalundborg, Slagelse, Næstved and Vordingborg as the largest.

Websites

 * sn.dk witch covers Zeeland with local news except the capital city of Copenhagen
 * vdonline.dk a local website covering Slagelse, Korsør and Skælskør
 * Byportalerne.dk - local news and stories

Newspapers

 * Dagbladet
 * Nordvestnyt
 * Frederiksborg Amtsavis
 * Sjællandske

Weekly publications
Sjællandske Medier publishes 34 free weeklies with a combined weekly circulation of 785,000 and another 245,000 every fortnight on Zealand and Møn.

They are published in Hillerød, Roskilde, Greve, Køge, Store Heddinge, Fakse, Haslev, Ringsted, Borup, Tølløse, Holbæk, Jyderup, Nykøbing Sjælland, Asnæs, Kalundborg, Høng, Slagelse, Næstved, Vordingborg, Stege and Nykøbing Falster.

Radio and TV
Sjællanske Medier operates the local radio stations Radio SLR and Radio Køge and produces local television in 24 Produktion.

Advertisement
Sjællandske Medier operates the advertisement agencies Sjællandske Medier/Holst Reklamebureau in Næstved and RA Reklame in Roskilde.

Printing
The company has Rotary printing press activities in Ringsted, Holbæk and Vordingborg/Ørslev as well as a book printing house in Tølløse.

Websites
sn.dk witch covers Zeeland with local news except the capital city of Copenhagen vdonline.dk a local website covering Slagelse, Korsør and Skælskør Byportalerne.dk - local news and stories

Newspapers

 * Dagbladet
 * Nordvestnyt
 * Frederiksborg Amtsavis
 * Sjællandske

Weekly publications
Sjællandske Medier publishes 34 free weeklies with a combined weekly circulation of 785,000 and another 245,000 every fortnight on Zealand and Møn.

They are published in Hillerød, Roskilde, Greve, Køge, Store Heddinge, Fakse, Haslev, Ringsted, Borup, Tølløse, Holbæk, Jyderup, Nykøbing Sjælland, Asnæs, Kalundborg, Høng, Slagelse, Næstved, Vordingborg, Stege and Nykøbing Falster.

Radio and TV
Sjællanske Medier operates the local radio stations Radio SLR and Radio Køge and produces local television in 24 Produktion.

Advertisement
Sjællandske Medier operates the advertisement agencies Sjællandske Medier/Holst Reklamebureau in Næstved and RA Reklame in Roskilde.

Printing
The company has Rotary printing press activities in Ringsted, Holbæk and Vordingborg/Ørslev as well as a book printing house in Tølløse.

title: Sjællandske Medier


text:
The Mystical Flame

The Mystical Flame (La Flamme merveilleuse) is a 1903 French silent trick film by Georges Méliès. It was sold by Méliès's Star Film Company and is numbered 472 in its catalogues.

Plot
A magician enters in front of an elaborate stage backdrop in forced perspective, and starts doing tricks with a magically expanding handkerchief. Out of it comes a servant in livery, who helps the magician set up draperies and a pedestal. From the pedestal comes a large flame, which, fanned, becomes a woman. As the servant is admiring the woman, she disappears. The magician returns, chases the servant off, but then himself disappears as he sits down. His chair begins rolling away of its own accord before the magician's triumphant reappearance. He makes the servant vanish in a puff of smoke, and dances away merrily.

Production
Méliès plays the magician in the film, which uses substitution splices, multiple exposures, and dissolves for its illusions. Méliès reused the backdrop in his film The Witch's Revenge, made soon after.

title: The Mystical Flame


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Comparison of device tracking software

The result was   merge/redirect. I've done the redirect. Any interested party may pull any content worth merging from the page history. Beeblebrox (talk) 01:24, 28 July 2012 (UTC)

Comparison of device tracking software

 * – ( View AfD View log  •  Stats )

WP:RS; WP:NOT. The article was both created (17 May 2010) and expanded so as to promote one software company’s product (Prey) over its competitors’. See, e.g., Table, cols. 1, 3, 4, 8. The company is privately held and its headquarters are located outside the jurisdiction of any Anglo-American or European court. The product could be the best of the eleven rated or it could be a significant security risk. — Dervorguilla (talk) 08:27, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Possibly merge with Device tracking software. Proposer should explain why policies apply, not just throw abbreviations around: "When making your case or responding to others, explain how the article meets/violates policy rather than merely stating that it meets/violates the policy." (WP:AfD).  But there's a shortage of notable entries: only 3 entries in the list are software that currently has a WP page, and a list of 3 items is a bit short.  The entry Device tracking software is also stubby, but it's a legitimate topic.  Who created the page does not affect its notability. There's a lack of reliable sources at present but some of the products are widely reviewed, so finding sources should not be a problem. --Colapeninsula (talk) 11:37, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I am the CEO of one the companies on this list and I agree that the article is promotional. I would hate to see every conceivable product category filling up wikipedia like this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:46, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Compare Prey, http://preyproject.com/index.php (“The name and logo for Prey are registered trademarks of Fork Ltd.”), with USPTO, Trademark Elec. Search Sys., http://tess2.uspto.gov/index.html (no record for word mark “Prey,” owner “Fork Ltd.”). Cf. Fox-Stanley Photo Prods. v. Otaguro (D. Mass 1972) (holding that where corporation did not own a valid registered trademark, corporation’s representing to public that it did own a registered trademark was illegal use). — Dervorguilla (talk) 05:32, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Software-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 14:54, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Lists-related deletion discussions.  • Gene93k (talk) 14:54, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Computing-related deletion discussions. Northamerica1000(talk) 14:05, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Procedural Keep –  per WP:DEL-REASON; the nomination is vague in referring to entire guideline and policy pages (WP:RS, WP:NOT) to justify deletion, and the article has no promotional tone as of the time of this post. Northamerica1000(talk) 14:09, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Responsive to Northamerica1000, Procedural Keep:

WP:NOT -> WP:NOTADVERTISING

Advertising. All article topics must be verifiable with independent, third-party sources ….

WP:RS -> WP:SELFSOURCE

Self-published … sources may be used as sources of information about themselves, … so long as: the material is neither unduly self-serving nor an exceptional claim; …; [and] the article is not based primarily on such sources.

14 references: all are self-published; most are wholly self-serving.

EXO5 / Enterprise Laptop Tracking & Security; GadgetTrak / Laptop theft recovery software, stolen laptops, data protection, theft recovery software for laptops; GadgetTrak Blog / GadgetTrak Recovers Stolen Laptops & Unveils Identity Theft Ring; Hidden / Mac Theft Protection Software; LaptopSentry / Protecting your computer, Safeguarding your data; Laptop Security Software Solution / Laptop Tracking Software, Antivirus, Encryption, Firewall - Protegent360; LockItTight / Locate, track & monitor computers & phones online; Recovery Stories / The Absolute Software Blog; MyLaptopGPS.com / Global Laptop Tracking; Brigadoon Software / PC PhoneHome theft location & recovery software stops computer theft; Prey / Open source anti-theft solution for your laptop, phone & tablet; Prey / Recoveries; Orbicule; Orbicule / Undercover - Mac - Recovery stories.

— Dervorguilla (talk) 06:50, 17 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment - Thanks for clarifying your rationale. Struck my procedural keep !vote above. Northamerica1000(talk) 10:38, 24 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Problems with sourcing should be fixed by editing not deletion, if better sources exist. For LoJack you could use.  Here's a review of LockItTight.  Here's a comparison of laptop tracking software. --Colapeninsula (talk) 11:34, 20 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.

 * Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks,  Sandstein   09:25, 20 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Comment I've added some more third-party refs. It should not be deleted, though merge remains a strong possibility. --Colapeninsula (talk) 11:48, 20 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Merge to Device tracking software. Topic is presumed notable. Material and organization needs to be improved. --Kvng (talk) 13:54, 20 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Fixd 2 lks. --Dervorguilla (talk) 19:01, 21 July 2012 (UTC)

E.g., compare Product: PC Phone Home[15] Documented recoveries: No Product:  Hidden[5] Documented recoveries: No with
 * The factual accuracy of the “For desktop/laptop PCs” section is disputed.

PC PhoneHome Testimonials, Brigadoon Security Group (2012)

“What people are saying about PC PhoneHome™ …” About Hidden, Hiddenapp.com (2011)

“Hidden[™] in the Press: BBC News; Yahoo News; New York Times; …”

— Dervorguilla (talk) 23:44, 23 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Strong delete. One of the worst "live" examples I've ever seen in Wikipedia. I wouldn't oppose an edited merge to Device tracking software. -- →gab  24 dot  grab← 17:14, 27 July 2012 (UTC)