text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kaguya Katemaro

The result was redirect. Petros471 16:23, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Kaguya Katemaro
A minor fictional character in, uh, something (Naruto?) Not clear exactly what this about. Google search in both English turns up little, not sure what the Japanese name would be. I will stay out of this discussion for now. Andrew Levine 16:37, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge to List of characters in Naruto. Yes, he is from Naruto, but looks pretty minor. They have a section on him there but some of the info from this article could be moved there. Redirect per some guy below. Recury 16:55, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge per above. —  Da rk Sh ik ar i   talk /contribs  17:59, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge per above. -- S iva1979 Talk to me  19:53, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge per Dark Shikari. Don't ever remember any Kaguya other than Kimimaro Kaguya. Rather, redirect given Someguy0830's comments. –NeoChaosX (talk | contribs) 19:59, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Japan-related deletions.   -- TheFarix (Talk) 20:06, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Source before Merge. I'm not sure how acurate the information on that page is, so it should be sourced first before a merge can take place. --TheFarix (Talk) 20:06, 11 August 2006 (UTC) Since Someguy0830 states that none of the information can be verified other then the character exists, Redirect to List of characters in Naruto. --TheFarix (Talk) 00:25, 21 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Redirect, the only part of that page that is accurate is the fact that he's Kimimaro's father. The rest is just guessing or nonsense. For example, he died in a war with the Mist Village, not Haku's clan. He never exhibited any sign of that bone-growing ability. Etc, etc. – Someguy0830 (Talk | contribs) 20:09, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Redirect, in deference to Someguy0830's expertise. Andrew Levine 20:16, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 *  AFD relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so that consensus may be reached.  Please add new discussions below this notice. Thanks, TheFarix (Talk) 02:28, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Redirect per Someguy0830. Danny Lilithborne 20:12, 20 August 2006 (UTC)


text:
User:AnOrionPicturesRelease25/sandbox

Important Science is a Canadian animation studio founded in 2020 by Mike McMahan that is an independent company known for producing the Hulu animated comedy Solar Opposites. It also produces the first animated show for CBS All Access, Star Trek: Lower Decks.

Logo
Its logo has the words, "Important Science" and some drawings depending on the show a la MTM Enterprises like Solar Opposites, that has the characters, and on Lower Decks, it has planetary objects like the USS Cerritos. Its logo also has a man making licking sound effects, saying "Pew pew!"

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:AnOrionPicturesRelease25/sandbox


text:
Tadeusz Hogendorf

Tadeusz Hogendorf (19 December 1918 – 12 June 2010) was a former Polish international footballer who played in midfield as well as being a forward.

Biography
Hogendorf was born in Rzeszów just after the conclusion of World War I when Poland became an independent state. Hogendorf started playing football with his local team Resovia Rzeszów, breaking into the first team in 1936. In 1937, Resovia were competing for promotion to the I liga, needing to beat Rewere Stanisławów in the final game to be promoted. Due to the club having no manager to organise the players, Hogendorf and Stanisław Baran went missing a few days before the game spending time with a local counts daughters instead of focusing on the game. Resovia ended up drawing the game 3–3 and failed to win promotion. In 1938, Hogendorf joined Warszawianka who played in the I liga. He managed 9 appearances for the top division side before the outbreak of World War II.

During the war Hogendorf continued to play in a team made of Polish players. The teams would be transported around Poland and play teams composed of Nazi airmen or soldiers. Hogendorf claimed that the Germans wanted the Polish players to play for teams in Germany, but all the Polish players refused the offer.

After the war Hogendorf had brief spells with Pogoń Katowice and Baltia Gdańsk (who later became Lechia Gdańsk). While with Baltia Hogendorf was involved in the clubs first ever competitive game, and scored 7 goals in 7 appearances during his time at the club. Due to his successful spell with Lechia Hogendorf talked about the lengths ŁKS Łódź went to sign the best players of Lechia, stating that as the clubs officials were getting nervous the players wouldn't sign they took the players to a night club getting them drunk and taking them to Łódź. When the players woke up the next morning in Łódź they decided to sign for the club. At ŁKS Łódź Hogendorf had the longest spell of his career spending seven years with the club and making over 100 appearances. Although his the stats from his first two seasons are unknown, it is known that he scored 23 goals in 96 appearances for ŁKS in the I liga. Due to his performances for the club he is classed as an ŁKS Łódź legend. During his time with ŁKS Łódź he also caught the attention of the Poland national team management and was called up to play for his country. In total Hogendorf made 6 appearances for Poland and scored two goals, making his debut and scoring his debut goal in a match against Czechoslovakia. After his time with ŁKS he joined Gwardia Łódź before finishing his playing career back in his home town with Stal Rzeszów.

After his playing career Hogendorf focused on becoming a manager and coach. He previously held coaching roles with Włókniarz Łódź and Gwardia Łódź during his playing career and was the player manager of Stal Rzeszów in 1955. In 1958 Hogendorf graduated from the University of Physical Education in Warsaw and started managing Resovia Rzeszów in 1960. Hogendorf managed Stal Łańcut at some point during the 1961–62 season. He also managed Lechia Sędziszów Małopolski, his last job as a manager in football.

After leaving football Hogendorf went on to be physical education teacher in Rzeszów. In 1999 he was awarded the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta in 2001. In 2008 he became an Honorary Citizen of the City of Rzeszów. On 12 June 2010, aged 91, Hogendorf died in Rzeszów.

Main awards

 * 1975: Gold Cross of Merit
 * 1976: Gold Cross of Merit
 * 1982: Knight's Cross Order of Polonia Restituta
 * 1999: Officer's Cross Order of Polonia Restituta

Other awards

 * 1948: Gold Badge from OZPN Łódź
 * 1954: Gold Badge from Gwardia Łódź
 * 1958: Gold Badge from Stal Rzeszów
 * 1961: Gold Badge from Resovia Rzeszów
 * 1963: Gold Badge from OZPN Rzeszów
 * 1965: Gold Badge from ŁKS Łódź
 * 1967: Badge of the 1000th Anniversary of People's Poland
 * 1975: Badge of Meritorious Activist of Physical Culture
 * 1976: Badge of Honor of the Polish Football Association
 * 1980: Badge for Meritorious achievement for the City of Rzeszów
 * 1983: Silver Badge of Physical Culture
 * 1987: Medal of the 40th Anniversary of the People's Republic of Poland
 * 1987: Badge of Meritorious achievement for ŁKS
 * 1995: Badge of Achievement for OZPN Association in Rzeszów
 * 1995: Honorary Badge of the OZPN Association in Przemyśl
 * 1995: Medal of the 75th anniversary of the Polish Football Association
 * 1997: Golden Badge of Physical Culture

title: Tadeusz Hogendorf


text:
User:Jyotibasu

Hi, I am Jyoti Basu, a software professional from India. I have been fascinated by this wonderful effort of a free encyclopedia and one which follows evolutionary methods for it's growth. Let me offer my 2 cents worth to this.

I'll keep adding to this later.

title: User:Jyotibasu


text:
Talk:Ridgefield High School (Connecticut)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Ridgefield High School (Connecticut). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.csde.state.ct.us/public/der/ssp/SCH0506/sr137.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070224091946/http://discovery.wcgmf.org/communities_bydrg.html to http://discovery.wcgmf.org/communities_bydrg.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:39, 21 July 2016 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Donald Moffitt

Untitled
From http://pappysgoldenage.blogspot.com/2013/12/number-1499-swinging-out-of-2013-with.html MONROE - Donald Moffitt (July 20, 1931-December 10, 2014)

Donald Moffitt, 83, died Wednesday in Monroe. He was born in Boston and lived in Manhattan for a number of years working as a public relations executive, industrial filmmaker, and ghostwriter before moving to Monroe in the 1960s with his wife, Ann, who predeceased him in December 2005. In the late 1980s and '90s, having published fiction under an assortment of pen names, Don began writing and publishing the acclaimed science fiction novels for which he is best known: high-speed, high-tech stories sought by dedicated fans of hard-sci-fi adventure. He has been praised as a visionary novelist whose cosmic scope was immense--a prescient writer who anticipated Operation Immortality two decades before it was launched and invented the idea of music sampling on a Moog computer years before music sampling became everyday practice. His admirers included British science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke, who after reading The Jupiter Theft wrote that he found Moffitt's imagination "astonishing" and his scientific accuracy that of a "professional scientist." Don continued writing stories and novels until his death, both time travel and historical mysteries, published in Analog Science Fiction and Fact and Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine, among others. Some of his recent stories reflected his long interest in the history of Maine ships and sea captains and his admiration for Maine's people, their inventiveness and courage. Donald was moved by the unfailing generosity and kindness extended to him by neighbors and friends in Monroe and nearby communities. He is survived by his sister, Joan Larkin; his niece, Kate Larkin, and her husband, Johann Larkin, of Brooklyn, New York; and his brother-in-law, James Tierney, of Auburn. A Spring memorial service at Riposta Funeral Home, Belfast, will be held on May 16, 2015, at 11:00 a.m., followed by interment at Grove Cemetery. Condolences and memories are welcome and may be expressed online at www.ripostafh.com. Funeral Home Riposta Funeral Home 182 Waldo Ave Belfast, ME 04915<PHONE_NUMBER>

Published in BDN Maine on Dec. 13, 2014 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Darci (talk • contribs) 12:51, 16 December 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Donald Moffitt


text:
Instructional design/Cognitive behaviors/Skill Builder Practice

Back to Topic:Instructional Design > Cognitive behaviors > Understanding Concepts > Define >  Learn >  Teach >  Tactics >  Try It >  Example

Source: Understanding Understanding by Charles M. Reigeluth. Used by Permission.

Skill Builder Practice

The following is a summary of what you should do to design instruction for facilitating understanding. This is meant to be used as a guideline, and not all items need to be included in order to design a complete instruction for understanding. The Example section of this lesson will show you what a learning activity will look using this outline. Your task on the next page will be to suggest an enhancement to the learning activity.

Decide What to Teach The following tactics are for facilitating conceptual understanding: Assure Prior Knowledge has been Acquired (prerequisite understandings, meaningful context)
 * 1) Assess the need.
 * 2) Analyze the goals.
 * 3) Analyze the learner's current knowledge.
 * 4) Determine type of understanding (conceptual or causal).

Give the presentation (context, information, relationship) Provide Practice
 * 1) Assess with a pretest.
 * 2) Remediate if necessary.
 * 1) Activate a meaningful context.
 * 2) Relate the new knowledge to it.
 * 3) Describe the new knowledge.
 * 4) Provide enhancement, if needed (see #6 below).
 * 1) Paraphrasing the knowledge.
 * 2) Elaborating the knowledge.
 * 3) Relating it to superordinate knowledge with context.
 * 4) Relating it to coordinate knowledge with comparison / contrast.
 * 5) Relating it to subordinate knowledge with analysis.
 * 6) Relating it to experiential knowledge with instantiation.
 * 7) Relating it to analogical knowledge with analogy.
 * 8) Relating it to causal knowledge with inference.
 * 9) Relating it to procedural knowledge with function.
 * 10) Identifying roles with roles.

Note: The types of relationships (dimensions of understanding) that are important for a given concept should be included in the test, practice, and (if enhancement is required) presentation. However, the object of each of these types of relationships (i.e., what the new knowledge is being related to) should be different in the test, practice, and presentation.

Provide Feedback Confirm or correct. Provide enhancement as Needed For the presentation:
 * 1) Use a guided discovery approach.
 * 2) Use elaboration techniques:
 * 3) Relating it to superordinate knowledge with context.
 * 4) Relating it to coordinate knowledge with comparison / contrast.
 * 5) Relating it to subordinate knowledge with analysis.
 * 6) Relating it to experiential knowledge with instantiation.
 * 7) Relating it to analogical knowledge with analogy.
 * 8) Relating it to causal knowledge with inference.
 * 9) Relating it to procedural knowledge with function.
 * 10) Identifying logical relationships with implication.
 * 11) Identifying roles with roles.

For the practice: Use hints (prompting).

For the feedback: For a wrong answer, use hints in question form. Provide Systematic Review Require the learner to use the knowledge at several evenly spaced points in time over the remainder of the course. Click Next to continue.


text:
Acrolepia poliopis

Acrolepia poliopis is a moth of the family Acrolepiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1919. It is found in South America.

title: Acrolepia poliopis


text:
2019 Sri Lanka floods

The 2019 floods and landslides in Sri Lanka were the floods which were caused from heavy torrential rainfalls during September 2019. As of 26 September 2019; the monsoon floods affected in about 13 districts, killing at least 2 persons, injuring 6 people and about 116, 000 people are affected. One casualty was reported in the Galle District and the other one was reported in Kolonnawa, where a teenager drowned in the flood water. About 282 houses were reported to have been damaged mainly in Galle and Matara while 22 houses out of 150 houses were completely destroyed in the two districts.

The red alert was issued to areas which are surrounded near rivers such as Diyawanna Oya, Nilwala Ganga, Kalu Ganga and Gin Ganga. Several roads in Galle were inundated due to the overflow of Gin Ganga. Colombo, Negombo and Gampaha were also severely affected due to heavy floods.

Background
Sri Lanka is reported to have been identified as the second most vulnerable nation in the world after Puerto Rico which is prone to climatic changes due to the effects of global warming.

Floodings are unusually a very rare situation in the month of September in Sri Lanka and this has been caused as a result of the effect of Global climate change on Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka generally witnesses two main monsoon types namely the Southwest monsoon (May-September) and Northeast monsoon (December-February) along with two interior monsoon periods in March-April and October-November.

Floods
The Disaster Management Centre revealed that Districts such as Galle and Matara were the worst affected areas. More than 48, 000 people have been affected and 3500 people were displaced to safe areas. DMC reported that 69 houses were damaged in Galle and 89 houses were damaged in Matara District. Areas in the Galle District such as Imaduwa, Akmeemana, Ambalangoda, Yakkalamulla, Baddegama, Welvita, Divithura, Boppe Padala, Gonapinuwela and Kadawath Sathara were severely affected due to floods. Kirinda, Dickwella, Thihagoda, Welpitiya, Divinuwara, Hakmana, Athuraliya, Akuressa, Kamburupitiya, Kotupola, Malimbada and Pitabeddara in the Matara District were also adversely affected due to heavy rainfall.

Aftermath
The schools located in Galle and Matara Districts were closed for two days from 24–25 September following the bad weather situation. The management of the Bandaranayake International Airport informed the passengers to arrive at the airport at least three hours prior to the departure. The airport road in Katunayake was also covered with flood waters

The Ministry of Education proposed the GCE A/L practical examinations which are to be conducted in those affected areas to be postponed and rescheduled.

title: 2019 Sri Lanka floods


text:
Template:Donate

The Wikimedia Foundation is a non-profit organization that depends on your voluntarism and donations to operate. If you find Wikibooks or other projects hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation useful, please volunteer or make a donation. Your donations primarily helps to purchase server equipment, launch new projects, and develop MediaWiki—the software that makes Wikibooks possible.

title: Template:Donate


text:
Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Blender Windowing System

The Blender user interface may appear daunting at first, but don't despair. This book explores the interface one step at a time.

In this module, you'll learn about Blender windows:
 * recognizing windows and their headers,
 * the different types of windows,
 * how to activate and resize windows,
 * how to split and join windows.

You'll also practice launching and leaving Blender.

An Interface Divided
Blender's user interface is divided into rectangular areas called (or sometimes, ). The overall arrangement of windows is called a.

If you haven't already launched Blender, go ahead and do so. You should soon see something that resembles the following.

Blender has had some major changes to its user interface (UI) since version 2.4x. Some of these changes include moving buttons and changing the space bar hot key from the “add menu” to the “search menu” (  is now the "add menu” hot key). This is important to know when trying to follow tutorials.

Other changes include the addition of the tool bar and window splitting widget. The shelf widget (indicated by a plus sign) opens hidden tool shelves. The object tool shelf can be toggled on and off by pressing. The properties tool shelf can be toggled on and off by pressing the. The split window widget allows you to split and join windows. Blender 2.69 is shown below.

 * You may be running a different version of Blender - perhaps a newer version. The screenshot was made using the 2.69 release.
 * If you're running an older version, you should probably upgrade. Download instructions are in the Introduction.

 * The user-interface settings on your computer may have been changed.
 * Try resetting the user interface with File → Load Factory Settings.
 * To take a video in Blender, press, and click Make Screencast. This will record what's on your screen until you click the red Close button on the info header. The screencasts will be saved in the tmp folder. In Microsoft Windows, the tmp folder is located at 'C:\tmp'.

Window Headers
Did you find all five headers?

Every Blender window has a header. A header can appear at the top of the window, at the bottom of the window, or it can be hidden. Let's take a closer look at the headers.

If you click with on the header, a menu pops up which lets you move the header (to the top if it’s at the bottom, or vice versa), or maximize the window to fill the entire workspace:

To hide the header completely, move the mouse to the edge of the header furthest from the edge of the window (i.e. the top edge of the header if it is at the bottom of the window, or vice versa); it will change into a vertical double-headed arrow. Now click with and drag towards the window edge, and the header will disappear. In its place, you will see the following symbol appear at the corner of the window:. Click this with to bring the header back.

Window Types
Blender has many types of windows (there are 16 of them in Blender 2.69) and a Console for the Python programming language. You've just encountered the Info, 3D View, Properties, and Outliner windows. The rest will be introduced as needed in later modules.

Every window header in Blender has an icon at the left end to indicate the window type. For instance:
 * [[File:Blender 2.59 Info ico.png]] = Info
 * [[File:Blender 2.59 User Prefs ico.png]] = User Preferences
 * [[File:Blender 2.59 3d view icon.png]] = 3D View
 * [[File:Blender 2.59 Outliner ico.png]] = Outliner
 * [[File:Blender 2.59 Properties ico.png]] = Properties

If you on the icon, a menu will pop up. (If you don't know what means, please review the Keystrokes, Buttons, and Menus Notation module.)

If you've changed any window's type, please change it back (or reload the factory settings with File → Load Factory Settings) before continuing with this tutorial.

The Active Window
The active window is the one that will respond if you press a key. Only one Blender window is active at any given time.

The active window is usually the one containing the mouse pointer. (Blender uses a "focus follows mouse" user interface model. When a hotkey fails to work as expected, it is often because the mouse pointer has strayed into a neighboring window.) To change the active window, simply move the mouse pointer into the window you wish to activate.

Practice changing the active window by moving your mouse between the 3D View and the Timeline windows. The Timeline window is directly below the 3D View header. At this point, it's worth mentioning that the header for the 3D View window and Timeline window is at the BOTTOM of its own window instead of the top as the name "header" implies.

Resizing Windows
Resizing windows is easy.

Dragging on a Border
Whenever you increase the size of one window, you decrease the size of another. That's because Blender has a : unlike many other programs, it does not permit windows to overlap. Neither does it move windows; it just resizes them. If you find that you cannot increase the size of a window (e.g. the Info window) any further although there seems to be enough space to do so, it may be because you decreased the size of another window (e.g., the Outline window) to its minimum size (i.e, just the heading).

Maximizing a Window
Another way to resize a window is to maximize it. When Blender a window, it makes the window as large as possible. The previous window configuration is saved.

 * To maximize the active window, press,  or . On a Mac, if “Spaces” is enabled, you may have to use.
 * When a window is maximized, use,  or  to restore the previous (unmaximized) window configuration.

Practice maximizing and un-maximizing the 3D View and Timeline windows.

Shelves
You will notice that the 3D View window (the largest window in the screenshots above) has several buttons down the left side. This rectangular portion is called the Tool Shelf. This is like a window within a window - you can drag the boundary between it and the main part of the 3D View to resize.

If you drag all the way to the window boundary, the shelf will disappear. In its place, the following symbol will appear:. Click it to bring the shelf back.

Too Much To Fit
If a window or shelf contains too much information to fit within its display area, scrollbars will appear along the bottom or right edge. You can scroll the contents by dragging these with ; alternatively you can drag with directly within the contents.

A window header may also contain more than fits within its displayable area. There is no explicit visual clue for this (though some of the widgets at the right edge might not be visible), but if that happens, you can drag sideways within the header with to scroll its contents.

Splitting And Joining Windows
At the top right and bottom left of every window, you will see something like this:. If you move the mouse over the icon, you will see the pointer turn into a cross. At that point, you can do one of the following by clicking and dragging with :
 * Split the window into two copies horizontally by dragging horizontally away from the edge.
 * Split the window into two copies vertically by dragging vertically away from the edge.
 * Join the window to the adjacent one horizontally (getting rid of it and taking over its space) by dragging towards it.
 * Join the window to the adjacent one vertically (getting rid of it and taking over its space) by dragging towards it.

Of course, the last two are only possible if there is in fact another window in that direction. Note: you can only join windows horizontally that are the same height, and windows vertically that are the same width.

The Default Workspace
If you look at the above screenshot of the default workspace, you will see the following window types:
 * The menu bar at the top (outlined in green) is actually a window, called Info [[File:Blender269InfoIcon.png]]. In previous versions of Blender, you could resize this to reveal the User Preferences, but in 2.5x they have been moved to their own window type. Instead, all you can see here if you enlarge the window are some debug messages, which may be removed in a future version of Blender. As of 2.70, the debug messages are still present in this menu.
 * The largest window on the screen is the 3D View [[File:Blender2693DViewIcon.png]]. This is where you work on your model.
 * The Properties [[File:Blender269PropertiesIcon.png]] window is the tall area on the right; this is where most of the functions are located for performing operations on models, materials etc. In previous versions of Blender this was called the Buttons window. Over time, it evolved into a disorganized area that made it difficult to find things. It has been cleaned up significantly in 2.5x. Note that it defaults to a vertical layout, rather than the horizontal one of previous versions. The new design prefers a vertical layout, which better suits today’s widescreen monitors.
 * The Outliner [[File:Blender269OutlinerIcon.png]] (at the top right) gives you an overview of the objects in your document. As your models get more complex, you will start to appreciate the ability to quickly find things here.
 * The Timeline [[File:Blender270TimelineIcon.png]] (across the bottom) becomes important when you’re doing animation.

The default layout may not be optimal. For example, if you’re doing a static model or scene, not an animation, you can get rid of the Timeline. If you’re doing heavy script development, you’ll probably want the Console available to try things out. And so on.

Workspace Presets
In the Info window/titlebar, you will see a menu with an icon like this. Clicking on it with will show the following menu:

Selecting from this menu lets you quickly switch between various predefined workspace layouts, tailored to various workflows. Try it and see. You can return to the default layout by selecting “Default” (but note that any changes you make to the layout are immediately associated with the name being displayed here). The menu has a search box at the bottom. Typing text here will restrict the menu to showing items containing only that text. It might not appear to have much use, but in a complicated project that needs dozens of different layouts, the search function could become very useful indeed!

The name of the currently selected item appears to the right of the menu icon. In the illustration above, this is "Default". Blender allows you to rename the current menu item by clicking on it with the and typing a new name, so take care not to do so unless you actually want to rename the menu item. For example, if you replace the name "Default" with "MyDefaults", you will subsequently see that "MyDefaults" appears in the list of menu items.

Note also the “+” and “X” icons to the right of the menu; clicking “+” creates a new entry which is a duplicate of the last-selected entry, while clicking “X” gets rid of the currently-selected entry. You will see these conventions appear consistently in menus elsewhere in Blender’s new, revamped interface.

One Document At A Time
Blender can only work with one open document at a time (this does not apply to blender 2.79, which allows multiple instances of blender to run concurrently). To save changes to the current document, select one of the Save options from the File menu (or press to save under the last-saved name). To open a new document (actually load a copy of your last-saved user preferences), select “New” from the File menu (or press ), and select “Reload Start-Up File” from the popup that appears, but be aware this will not automatically save any changes to the previous document.

Scenes
A scene is like a separate Blender-document within-a-document. Different scenes within the same document can easily share objects, materials etc. You can define them once and make different renderings and animations from them. You create, delete and switch scenes using the scene menu in the info header. A new document starts by default with just one scene, called “Scene”.

Leaving Blender
To exit Blender:
 * 1) If there's a tool active, press  to exit the tool.
 * 2) Press .  This brings up an OK? menu.
 * 3) Confirm Quit Blender by clicking  or pressing.

Additional Resources


text:
Talk:Puzzles/Easy Sequence 3/Solution

Solution (a) doesn't make sense. Look - the differences are 1, 4, 8 i.e. 2^0, 2^2, 2^3. -- Smjg 16:22, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Puzzles/Easy Sequence 3/Solution


text:
User:Lhendre

I have been using Wikipedia for a while, I thought I would finally give back!

Interests
This user is interested in tech and sciences, software, engineering, math, history, politics, skiing, climbing and distributed ledger technologies. Editing languages: English.

title: User:Lhendre


text:
User:Timeshifter/Sandbox115

Expanding class=wikitable to make tables accessible to blind, and to align cell text.

Expanding what  does could instantly solve a lot of problems the blind and visually impaired have with hundreds of thousands of tables on Wikipedia. And it would align row header cell text to the left. For more info see: User:Timeshifter/Sandbox114 and 115. See related discussion.

Standard  table below. It includes  overall, and   on first-column cells.

The blind need scopes on all header cells. Added row headers, scope=row, scope=rowgroup, scope=col, scope=colgroup, :

Same as above. Added  and   - I made one cell light yellow to show a couple shades of yellow.

  - It could be expanded to add scopes to all header cells, including those spanning columns and rows (colspan and rowspan). And it could align row header text to the left as does  . The scopes would allow users of screen readers (the blind) to understand nearly all tables on Wikipedia, since nearly all use class=wikitable.

  could also add a yellow or light yellow background to headers. That would solve 's problem with dark grey as a header background due to his visual impairment. It would help all readers. Highlighter felt-tip markers usually come in some shade of yellow. That is because this background color behind black text is one of the most legible color combinations.

  does not use bolded text in row headers. Many people do not like default bolded row headers. Especially in wide country lists, and other tables, where the width matters due to long country names, etc.. Also, people sometimes prefer to bold selected words or phrases in row headers.

Wikitext below is for the above yellow table if   did scopes, color, and plain row headers. It's much simpler to edit by the average editor. Compressed horizontal format is more intuitive without all the inline CSS, etc..

Wikitext below is the actual wikitext for the above yellow table, and includes all the inline CSS, etc.:

title: User:Timeshifter/Sandbox115


text:
Talk:Colorado Convention Center

"Grizzly Bear"
The photo of the blue bear is captioned as "Grizzly Bear." The name of the artwork is "I See What You Mean." Can we change the wording of the caption to reflect this? Cmanb (talk) 16:58, 4 August 2011 (UTC)

2008 Democratic National Convention
Not a mention of the when the 2008 Democratic National Convention was in town Gang14 (talk) 08:16, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Colorado Convention Center


text:
File talk:Trebek memoir.jpg

good — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ratanpurwb (talk • contribs) 08:46, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

title: File talk:Trebek memoir.jpg


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Miguel De La Torre Sobrevilla

Miguel De La Torre Sobrevilla is a Peruvian engineer and entrepreneur who founded the engineering and consulting company Geoservice Ingeniería back on 1995, he undertook his undergraduate on Civil Engineering at Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería from 1961 to 1965. He is specialist in dam engineering, foundations, slope stability, geotechnical instrumentation and related activities with geotechnical engineering applied to energy projects, irrigation, transportation and mining nationwide.

Geosynthetics in Peru
De La Torre is a pioneer of Geosynthetics applications in Peru. In 2000, he led along with his company Geoservice Ingeniería the usage of geogrids in roads constructions, Peruvian Transport Ministry as well as the engineering community were adamant to the implementation of geogrids back on those days. However, nowadays geogrids, geotextiles, and groundwater drainage system are a widely utilized in Peruvian roads construction and Peruvian Transport Ministry fully accept the usage of geogrids.

Peruvian mining industry is using geosynthetics more often in order to control emission of toxics materials due to mining processing and operations, the type of geosynthetics materials support the development of mining activities and they are not harmful for the environment as these are not biodegradables, having as long as 100 years of lifetime. Peru is currently, across Latin America, one of the leaders in using geosynthetics in mining and infrastructure projects.

Appointments
During the period 2007-2008, De La Torre was appointed president of the board of directors of International Geosynthetics Society (IGS) in Peru. [3]. IGS Peru was founded in 2001 and constitutes the first chapter of the IGS in Spanish speaking countries across Latin America.

Works
De La Torre lead execution of dams construction, hydrological services, feasibilities studies, geotechnical evaluations, Environmental impact assessment, closure plan preparations for mining companies in Peru such as Toquepala mine, Uchucchacua, Tia Maria mine, Parcoy gold mine, Las Bambas copper mine, Yauricocha Mine.

title: Miguel De La Torre Sobrevilla


text:
Talk:Vivo NEX 3

Translation
I've translated this page to Chinese, can you help me to link it to Chinese wikipedia? Thanks!30000lightyears（留言） 2020年2月18日 (二) 06:45 (UTC)

 * Done :) Ghostofakina (talk) 23:53, 22 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vivo NEX 3


text:
Talk:Wall of Truth

Feedback from New Page Review process
I left the following feedback for the creator/future reviewers while reviewing this article: Please add more information about the memorial. A photo would also be helpful. Thank you..

Citrivescence (talk) 03:08, 28 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wall of Truth


text:
gränsa

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) march; to have common borders or frontiers
 * Sverige gränsar till Norge och Finland. = Sweden marches Norway and Finland.

Usage notes

 * Usually with the propositions till, mot, emot, more rarely med or without preposition.

title: gränsa


text:
Islam/5 Pillars

The Five Pillars of Islam is the term given to what are understood among many Muslims to be the five core aspects of Islam. Shi'a Muslims accept the Five Pillars, but also add several other practices to form the Practices of Religion.

Shahadah
The basic creed or tenet of Islam is found in the shahādatān ("twin testimonies"): ašhadu 'al-lā ilāha illā-llāhu wa 'ašhadu 'anna muħammadan rasūlu-llāh; "I testify that there is none worthy of worship except God and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of God." As the most important pillar, this testament can be considered a foundation for all other beliefs and practices in Islam. Ideally, it is the first words a new-born will hear, and children are taught to recite and understand the shahadah as soon as they are able to understand them. Muslims must repeat the shahadah in prayer, and non-Muslims must use the creed to formally convert to Islam.

Salah
The second pillar of Islam is salah, the requirement to pray five times a day at fixed times. Each salah is performed facing towards the Kaaba in Mecca. In the very early days of Islam, when it was based primarily in Mecca, Muslims offered salah facing towards Jerusalem, but then God revealed a verse of the Qu'ran to Muhammad, telling the Muslims to pray facing Mecca from then on.

Salah is intended to focus the mind on God; it is a personal communication with God, expressing gratitude and worship. According to the Qur'an, the benefit of prayer "restrains [one] from shameful and evil deeds". Salah is compulsory but there are flexibilities under certain circumstances. For example in the case of sickness or lack of space, a worshipper can offer salah while sitting, or even lying, and the prayer can be shortened when travelling.

The salah must be performed in the Arabic language to the best of each worshipper's ability (although any du'a, or extra prayers said afterwards need not be in Arabic), and the lines are to be recited by heart, although beginners may use written aids. The worshipper's body and clothing, as well as the place of prayer, must be cleansed. All prayers should be conducted within the prescribed time period or waqt (Arabic for 'time') and with the appropriate number of units (raka'ah). While the prayers may be made at any point within the waqt, it is considered best to begin them as soon as possible after the Adhan|call to prayer is heard.

Zakat
Zakat, or alms-giving, is giving charity to the poor and needy by able Muslims, based on the wealth that one has accumulated. It is a personal responsibility intended to ease economic hardship for others and eliminate inequality. It consists spending a fixed portion of one's wealth for the Poverty|poor or needy, including people whose hearts need to be reconciled, Slavery|slaves, those in debt, and travelers. A Muslim may also donate an additional amount as an act of voluntary charity, known as sadaqah, in order to achieve additional divine reward.

There are two main types of zakat: zakat on traffic, which is a per head payment equivalent to cost of around 2.25 kilograms of the main food of the region paid during the month of Ramadan by the head of a family for himself and his dependents; and zakat on wealth, which covers: money made in business; savings; income; livestock; gold and silver, and so on.

The payment of zakat is an obligation for all Muslims. In current usage it is interpreted as a 2.5% levy on most valuables and savings held for a full lunar year, if the total value is more than a basic minimum known as nisab (3 ounces or 87.48 g of gold). At present (as of 16 October 2006), nisab is approximately US $1,750 or an equivalent amount in any other currency.

Sawm
Sawm, or fasting, is an obligatory act during the month of Ramadan, as enjoined in the Qur'an: "O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to those before you, that ye may (learn) self-restraint — Qur'an" Muslims must abstain from food, drink, and sexual intercourse from dawn to dusk during this month, and are to be especially mindful of other sins. The fast is meant to allow Muslims to seek nearness to God as well as remind them of the needy. During Ramadan, Muslims are also expected to put more effort into following the teachings of Islam by refraining from violence, anger, envy, greed, lust, harsh language, gossip, and to try to get along with each other better than normal. All obscene and irreligious sights and sounds are to be avoided. The fast is an exacting act of deeply personal worship in which Muslims seek a raised level of closeness to God. The act of fasting is said to redirect the heart away from worldly activities and its purpose being to cleanse your inner soul, and free it of harm.

Sawm of Ramadan|Fasting during Ramadan is not obligatory for several groups for whom it would be excessively problematic. Children before the onset of puberty are not required to fast, though some do. Also some small children fast for half a day instead of a whole day so they get used to fasting. However, if puberty is delayed, fasting becomes obligatory for males and females after a certain age. According to Qur'an, if fasting would be dangerous to people's health, such as to people with an illness or Disease|medical condition, or Old age|elderly people, they are excused. Diabetes|Diabetics and Breastfeeding|nursing or pregnancy|pregnant women are usually not expected to fast. According to hadith, observing the Ramadan fast is not allowed for menstruating women. Other individuals for whom it is usually considered acceptable not to fast are those in battle, and travelers who intended to spend fewer than five days away from home. If one's condition preventing fasting is only temporary, one is required to make up for the days missed after the month of Ramadan is over and before the next Ramadan arrives. If one's condition is permanent or present for an extended amount of time, one may make up for the fast by feeding a needy person for every day missed.

Hajj

The Hajj is a pilgrimage that occurs during the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah in the city of Mecca. Every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so is obliged to make the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in his or her lifetime. When the pilgrim is around ten kilometers from Mecca he wears ihram consisting of two white sheets. Some of the ritual of Hajj are walking seven times around the Kaaba, touching the Black Stone, running seven times between Al-Safa and Al-Marwah|Mount Safa and Al-Safa and Al-Marwah|Mount Marwah, visiting List of holy cities|holy places and sacrificing an animal in commemoration of Ibrahim's sacrifice. Furthermore, it includes throwing seven stones at each of the Three Pillars|three pillars symbolizing devil at Mina, Saudi Arabia|Mina and cutting (some or all) head’s hairs.

The pilgrim, or the hajji, is honored in his or her community. For some, this is an incentive to perform the Hajj. Islamic teachers say that the Hajj should be an expression of devotion to God, not a means to gain social standing. The believer should be self-aware and examine his or her intentions in performing the pilgrimage. This should lead to constant striving for Self-help|self-improvement.

title: Islam/5 Pillars


text:
User:Freehandala/sandbox

Raymond Cyril Watson

Raymond Watson is a well known British artist born in East Anglia in 1935 where he lived all his life. He painted the birds of Norfolk and also painted in the Scottish countryside working mostly in watercolour. He specialises in ornithological subjects, particularly garden birds in their natural habitat.His work has been influenced by Archibald Thorburn and George Edward Lodge. His paintings have been exhibited over a number of years at the Tryon Gallery in London. Raymond C Watson is a well respected wildlife artist who excelled in his paintings. Many of his paintings have been reproduced for greetings cards and Collectors plates around the world.

title: User:Freehandala/sandbox


text:
Competitive Programming

What Is This Book About?
This book is about programming competitions and what you need to know in order to be competitive....

Where Can I Compete?

 * Annual ACM International Collegiate Programming Competition (ICPC) and their associated regional contests
 * Annual TopCoder Open (TCO)
 * Annual TopCoder Collegiate Contest
 * Annual Facebook Hacker Cup
 * Annual Google Code Jam
 * Annual International Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP) Programming Contest
 * Weekly TopCoder contests
 * Annual Business Professionals of America Conferences (National High School vocational program)
 * Various online judges

Why Should I Compete?
The primary reason why people compete in programming contests is that they enjoy it. For many, programming is actually fun, at least until they get a job doing it and their desire is burnt out of them. It is also a good way to meet people with similar interests to your own. But for those of you who need additional incentive, it is also a good way to increase others awareness of you. Major programming competitions are always monitored by people looking for new talent for their organizations, sometimes these are the people who actually fund the contest. High school programming contests (such as the ones sponsored by the BPA) often are to help prepare students for college or careers in computer programming. These contests often attract scouts from colleges looking to award scholarships to these individuals. For example, IBM is currently funding the ICPC, a contest that costs them millions annually. Why would they pay so much for a programming contest? They view it as an investment. It lets them filter through the talent and get to those that could potentially make IBM much more money in the long run. Before IBM the contest was funded by Microsoft for the same reasons. Organizations that feel like they can't quite afford the huge price tag associated with ICPC have begun to fund cheaper contests, such as TopCoder, and in the case of Google, running their own contest through TopCoder's technology.

How Do I Get Started?
The first thing needed to get started is proficiency in a programming language and familiarity with a text editor/development environment. The two languages common to all of the above programming competitions are C++ and Java. These languages will be used throughout this document. There are many books and tutorials available to learn these languages, in addition to an unending amount of freely available code on the internet.

Which Language Should I Use?
In a competitive programming environment the value of a programming language differs from a software engineering environment. While good software engineering practices will not hurt you in completing a task, they can often consume valuable time with little benefit. Many software engineering techniques are designed for projects with many programmers and projects that take a large amount of time to complete. In a programming competition these conditions no longer hold. Most times it is a single programmer working on a task, with very little time in which to complete it. Also, some programming contests test a programmer's skills in a specific language.

What Are The Contests Like?
The TopCoder Open is available to both college students and professionals who are registered members of the TopCoder website and who are at least 18 years of age at the time of registration. The Tournament consists of three online rounds which lead up to the main onsite tournament and includes several competitions: Algorithm, Design, Development, Marathon, Mod Dash, and Studio Design. Competitions such as the Coding Phase in the Algorithm round allow contestants to choose between four programming languages, Java, C#, C++, and VB.NET, so you can use the one you are best at. There are also competitions where you get the chance to challenge the functionality of other competitors’ code.(“Welcome to the 2012 TopCoder Open” Copyright © 2001-2012, TopCoder, Inc. http://community.topcoder.com/tco12/)

title: Competitive Programming


text:
Thomas Legh, 2nd Baron Newton

Thomas Wodehouse Legh, 2nd Baron Newton PC, DL (18 March 1857 – 21 March 1942) was a British diplomat and Conservative politician who served as Paymaster General during the First World War.

Background and education
Newton was the son of William Legh, 1st Baron Newton, and Emily Jane Wodehouse, daughter of the Venerable Charles Nourse Wodehouse, Archdeacon of Norwich. The Legh family had been landowners in Cheshire for centuries. Newton was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford.

Political and administrative career
In 1879 he entered the Diplomatic Service and served as an attaché at the British Embassy in Paris from 1881 to 1886. The latter year he was elected to the House of Commons as Member of Parliament for his home constituency of Newton, a seat he held until 1898, when he succeeded his father as 2nd Baron Newton and took his seat in the House of Lords. He was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Cheshire on 23 February 1901. In 1915 Prime Minister H. H. Asquith appointed him Paymaster General, with special responsibility for representing the War Office in Parliament when the Secretary of State for War was unable to attend. The same year he was admitted to the Privy Council.

In 1916 Lord Newton became Assistant Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and was put in charge of two departments at the Foreign Office, one dealing with foreign propaganda and the other with prisoners of war. In October 1916 he was appointed controller of the newly established Prisoner of War Department, and in this position he negotiated the release of thousands of British prisoners of war.

Lord Newton was appointed a deputy lieutenant for Cheshire in February 1901. He served as an officer in the Lancashire Hussars Imperial Yeomanry, and was promoted to the substantive rank of major on 1 July 1901, before he resigned with the honorary rank of lieutenant-colonel in October 1902.

Lord Newton was also the author of two biographies, one on Richard Lyons, 1st Viscount Lyons, published in 1913, and the other on Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, published in 1929. In 1941 he published his memoirs, entitled Retrospection.

Family
Lord Newton married Evelyn Caroline Davenport, daughter of William Bromley-Davenport, in 1880. They had five children, two sons and three daughters. His younger son Sir Piers Legh served as Master of the Household from 1941 to 1953. Lady Newton died in September 1931. Lord Newton survived her by eleven years and died in March, 1942, aged 85. He was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son Richard Legh. The latter's son, Peter Legh, 4th Baron Newton, was also a Conservative politician and government minister.

title: Thomas Legh, 2nd Baron Newton


text:
Dracula simia

Dracula simia, known also as the monkey-like Dracula, is an epiphytic orchid originally described as part of the genus Masdevallia, but later reclassified as part of genus Dracula. The arrangement of column, petals and lip resembles a monkey's face. The plant blooms at any season with several flowers on the inflorescence that open successively. Flowers are fragrant with the scent of a ripe orange. The monkey orchid is native to Ecuador, but is also found in some regions of Colombia and Peru. Currently, this orchid is in danger of extinction.

title: Dracula simia


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/ifbmicroovenrepairservice.com

Links

 * ifbmicroovenrepairservice.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 1 additions.


text:
Clara Wildschut

Clara Wildschut (11 June 1906 – 27 August 1950) was a Dutch composer, pianist and violinist born in Deventer. She studied music at the Royal Conservatory of the Hague with Johan Wagenaar, E. van Beinum, André Spoor and F. Broer van Dijk. In 1930, she won a state scholarship for composition. She studied composition with Joseph Marx in Vienna and returned to Amsterdam in 1937.

Works
Her compositions include:

Chamber

 * Serenade (woodwind quintet)
 * Sonata (violin and piano)
 * Sonatina (violin and piano)
 * String Quartet
 * Two Sonatines (oboe and piano; one arranged for oboe and orchestra)

Orchestra

 * Entrata Capricciosa
 * Fuga en Romance (string orchestra)
 * Kleine Suite (1943)
 * Concertino for Oboe and Orchestra

Piano

 * Theme with Twelve Variations and Fugue

Vocal

 * over 70 songs (voice and piano)
 * some a capella music for choir

title: Clara Wildschut


text:
Talk:List of Belgian football transfers summer 2020

Duplication of info
There is no need to duplicate the info included in the table by doing a "By club" section below. The sortability of the table allows you to group transfers by club if necessary, so there is no point in adding the info twice over. You also shouldn't include retirements, the end of loans or contract terminations because those aren't transfers, even "for the sake of completeness". – PeeJay 11:01, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * (Sry hadn't seen your message here.) Anyway, I don't agree, both the chronological list and the listing per team have their specific value and imho should be kept, if needed to pick I prefer the "By club" version over the other. Regarding the loans and contract terminations I believe the picture is incomplete and the list without those imho doesn't mean anything. Would it be a solution if we just rename this article (and many others) to "Belgian football transfer window summer 2020" to cover all bases? Pelotastalk| contribs 11:19, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, but that doesn't make sense. If you only keep one, it should absolutely be the chronological table as it includes more data. If you really need lists of transfers for each club, they should be in individual club season articles, and as I pointed out, the table is sortable so you can group the transfers by club if you desire it. Also, if you list every transfer by club, transfers involving two Belgian sides will be listed twice, which is pointless duplication of information. By the way, how does it totally devalue the article to remove loan returns and contract terminations? Every loan comes to an end, so there's no need to point out that a player returned to his parent club, and a player being released by his parent club isn't a transfer at all as he is not being registered with a new club. A player being signed from free agency should be listed, but not players being released. – PeeJay 11:41, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Here's a discussion from WP:FOOTY a couple of years ago. It was very limited, but User:GiantSnowman at least agreed with me that the format used in the lists of English football transfers is better. – PeeJay 11:43, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * (I'll have a look at the discussion, for now my reply on the rest) Actually the overview per team includes the position and shirt numbers as well so I don't agree the listing by date contains all the info. On the duplication of information, I get that, but the transfer is relevant for both clubs and the amount of transfers between teams in the top two divisions is rather limited if you were to count those. Furthermore, I understand that if you take it 'literally' as a 'list of transfers', you don't want retirements, contract terminations, loan returns etc... but imho this is more of a "transfer window overview" rather than a strict list of transfers and in that sense the loan deals are definitely an integral part. It's about the players moving in and out of each of the clubs (for various reasons), not the type of underlying deal. By the way on the loan deals, these differ very much: half a season, full season, multiple seasons (England they can be for a few weeks) and sometimes they are running from winter to winter (e.g. with scandinavian leagues) so spanning multiple seasons. Basically it's very difficult to keep track and definitely worth mentioning rather than assuming players have returned. Moreso I was even thinking of adding an additional category for players that are currently on loan already to another club, but for which the loan deal is still active. For example Luan Peres, this guy has been on loan since the summer of 2019 until the end of 2020. He definitely doesn't belong in this article if you consider strict "transfers" only, but if we were to rename it to "transfer window overview" (or something like that) it would definitely deserve a place mentioning this guy is still on the books. Pelotastalk| contribs 11:57, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * The shirt number and player's position are nothing to do with the transfer itself though, shirt number especially so. You might be able to get away with listing the player's position, but I think you're focusing on the wrong things. A transfer is about the player, the two clubs involved and the fee (and the date in the case of a chronological list). I agree that loans are important to list, but not the ends of loans; a loan ending is not a transfer, it's just the end of a loan deal. Perhaps the solution would be to follow the model of the English lists, where the transfers and loans are listed in separate tables with their own specific headers, which would allow us to display the scheduled end date of a loan deal. – PeeJay 12:02, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Myeh ok I don't mind splitting the loans in a separate list but that's only a partial solution. I don't like the article as it is now, it's impossible to compare teams easily and I do think the position information is really important (don't care about the shirt number). Pelotastalk| contribs 12:13, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I've started the full overview here (Overview of the summer 2020 Belgian football transfer window) to still have the complete picture somewhere. Feel free to do with this one what you want, I won't be using it anymore. Pelotastalk| contribs 12:53, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm going to start another discussion at WT:FOOTY since I don't think you're understanding me. Have you tried using the table sort function to compare teams? Also, you can't just start a new article with basically the same title because another editor made changes you didn't like. That smacks of WP:OWN. – PeeJay 13:19, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * No I understand the sorting, but for me that's not a good overview as you can't easily compare teams and you can't see players of one specific team (IN + OUT) easily together. Furthermore, the loan returnees (and all the other special cases) imho are quite important and should definitely be part of it, but then it's not really a list but rather a full overview (note I could in that case add the players on running loan deals as well). Also the overview page could contain a written summary per team as well which would make the 'by club' section even more relevant. (For now indeed I just copied). I totally agree with WP:OWN, but I've been creating these transfer list articles for the past 10 years for Belgium and I don't want do change the methodology now because once somewhere in some discussion someone felt it should be a bit different, it's really frustrating but indeed not solely my decision so if in the end this is how it's going to be then so be it. Pelotastalk| contribs 13:35, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Don't the Belgian clubs have their own season articles, e.g. 2019–20 R.S.C. Anderlecht season? That would be the place to find transfers for each club, not an article like this, which should be a chronological summary of the transfer window, not a club-by-club breakdown. I apologise that you've been doing these lists like this for ten years only to have someone dispute the format now, but I hope you can see my argument. If not, I have started a discussion at WT:FOOTY (which I tagged you in), where hopefully we can decide on a consistent format for all nations, not just England and Belgium. – PeeJay 13:44, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * The transfer overview (for each separate club) is indeed something which seems very relevant to put on the individual season pages. But still imho there is something missing, if the 'list of transfers' is limited to just that, a chronological list, then to me it is less valuable than with the info per club, I actually follow the argument of Joseph2302 in that case that it's basically a dump of data and like I said there, I'ld rather keep the split per club than the chronological list because I believe is more useful as it is what user will be looking for. I don't see why we can't change the article to a transfer window overview which elaborates more on the whole run of events: team A bought mister X from team B who as their star player and as a replacement team B loaned mister Y from team C and gave mister Z from team D a four-year contract etc... Also thanks for opening the discussion, hopefully some more people have an opinion as well. And no need to apologise. Pelotastalk| contribs 20:27, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

loans
The loans need to be separated from the transfers to a separate table. Govvy (talk) 18:00, 29 August 2020 (UTC)

Summer transfers 2021
Too bad this discussion of lay-out leads to no list this year. I totally understand Pelotas and support him into this. He's doing a fantastic job for many years and many people are using this as a guideline to start the season and also to look back a few years later. Keep up the good work Pelotas and hopefully you can find a way to make a 2021 page :)
 * Yes, it would be nice if User:Pelotas would come back and continue their good work. Hopefully when they do return it will be with a more collaborative mindset. – PeeJay 06:30, 1 July 2021 (UTC)
 * For the fans: User:Pelotas/summer_2021, in the only format they care about, by team. No refs since not needed for userpage, but I'm checking everything. Pelotastalk| contribs 19:18, 1 July 2021 (UTC)
 * How you spend your time is your business, I suppose, but it's a shame that you would keep that in your userspace and ignore the consensus that the format you're using is less helpful than the one we tried to implement. Kind of petty, to be honest. – PeeJay 06:43, 2 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes sorry it is petty I admit. But a simple chronological list is not what I expect to see when I look up a transfer overview. At least I haven't taken this external, I'm providing the info onto Wikipedia.

Pelotastalk| contribs 10:13, 2 July 2021 (UTC)
 * In reference to your diagram, I'm pretty sure the consensus was agreed by members of WP:FOOTY. Also, as I've pointed out, the table is far more useful than the format you're clinging to as not only does it allow the full list of transfers to be displayed in chronological order, but it can also be sorted by fee and by club so fans can see a full list of the transfers involving their club. A further advantage is that transfers within the Belgian league aren't duplicated, which happens in your format when you list a club's ins and outs together. – PeeJay 10:54, 2 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Myeh we had this discussion. Again, sorry I don't agree with the consensus at WP:FOOTY, main flaws are firstly that in the pure list view (imho) it is not possible to easily see the transfers per club, as changing the filters only allows to see all incoming OR all outgoing transfers per club, but not both together. Try looking up all transfers for a club starting with a letter in the middle of the alphabet, e.g. Kortrijk; together with the refusal to allow loan deals to be represented as these are a key part of the transfer window, make this view quite useless to me, despite the valid points of chronology, being able to sort by fee (although 95% are "undisclosed") and the duplication. Visually, the end result of the list view is also quite ugly, especially since all the Belgian flags were removed, which of course is personal preference, but then again all flags are sorted under "flag" so that's another argument against the easy sorting per club and some sorting fix needs to be added. Anyway, we're repeating ourselves, let's just leave it here. Feel free to use my userpage input to convert it to List of Belgian football transfers summer 2021 in the "consensus" format, I'm not doing it but I'll keep gathering the actual transfers. Pelotastalk| contribs 11:24, 2 July 2021 (UTC)


text:
User:Dfordivam

Hello this is Divam. i am currently doing my studies in electronics and communication engineering. i also have a background of biology, and have special interest in microbiology, biochemistry and ecology.

title: User:Dfordivam


text:
Movie Making Manual/Writing/Writing

Theory | Previous

=Writing for the Screen=

Screenwriting is different from other literary forms. The script is essentially a "blueprint" that will guide the other filmmakers through the production of the film. Often, the final film will differ from what was on the page. These differences can be as small as a few simple dialogue changes, or as large as a complete change in tone, direction, and intent. Accepting this process is key to being a screenwriter who not only writes well, but will work well with the other people involved in the film's production.

In addition to being the blueprint for the film, the script also serves as a way to get that film made in the first place. Based on the strength of your screenplay, budget, talent, and enthusiasm will fall into place. It is the strength of the story that can secure financing and production talent. It's not innovative and thrilling setpieces or even a smattering of really great scenes peppered throughout your script, but a cohesive, intriguing story that holds the reader's (and eventually the viewer's) attention from beginning to end. This is such a basic concept, and yet one that seems utterly lost on some screenwriters, even those already established in Hollywood.

Every script should be written in the industry format. The industry's script format help readers to understand how long the movie is going to be.

The screen writer has to be creative and original and also to be flexible with the script and to adapt it to the budget of the film

Write what you Know
This adage is always "Write what you know". This is excellent advice as writing from your personal experience will make the story, characters and tone believable.

The flip side of this is the joke that all first time scripts by writers who have recently moved to Hollywood are about...the struggles of a young writer recently moved to Hollywood. So write what you know but choose something of interest to an audience. You would be amazed at how easily a little known hobby of yours or a quirky friend translates into a scene or a character. Shamelessly mine your personal history and cut and paste characteristics of your friends together and you will be surprised at how little you need to spin from whole cloth.

The first ten pages of script are said to be the most important. They should begin to show how the entire film will work as a whole.

The Right Budget
More often than not, the beginning screenwriter will find that his first sold screenplay will result in low-budget film. This also applies to those writing for the independent film scene.

With that in mind, it may not be a good idea to call for giant six-legged creatures scurrying up the side of a skyscraper or epic space battles across multiple solar systems in your script. While such effects can be done on a limited budget, they will not be of similar quality to those features for which money is not a constraint.

It is not only extended special effects sequences that can break a budget, but also a large cast and/or sets. For low-budget films, try to keep both the cast and the different locations as few in number as possible. While this may seem limiting to a writer's creativity, many find the opposite to be true when they are confronted with the challenge of creating a compelling and memorable story within the confines of a low budget.

Of course, if money is not an issue, feel free to create a Lawrence of Arabia-style epic with a cast of thousands and computer-generated graphics that would break Industrial Light and Magic.

=Screenwriting Books and Authors=

Screenwriting books come in two forms: those written by successful screenwriters in Hollywood and those by, well, other types of people. And while you may be thinking that you would prefer to read a book on screenwriting by someone who has actually sold a script, both types of books actually have their strengths and weaknesses.

Successful screenwriters have a certain pedigree to their "how-to" books because they have actually been there and done that. However, success in artistic fields is rarely formulaic. They themselves may be confused as to what it was exactly in their script that allowed them to sell it in the first place. These books tend to be slightly muddled in thought and offer a strong temptation to handle things the way this particular author did (because, after all, he did sell his script).

While his method may have worked for him, it may not work for you for any number of reasons. These books are worth reading because they do offer a glimpse into the thought-process of a successful screenwriter, along with the usual samples that you can study, but just remember to take their pathway and alter it to fit your writing style and personality.

The other type of screenwriting books usually comes from academia: often from a professor who has never sold a screenplay, but seems to know a lot about the format. These books are useful in learning the mechanics of the screenplay. It is crucial for a first-time writer to remember that all the characterization and pathos in the world cannot help a script that doesn't hold true to the basic foundation of what makes a screenplay a screenplay in the first place. While it is true that there are plenty of scripts that break convention, knowing the convention is the only way you can break it successfully. The writers of these books can take a more generalized view of the process and focus in on things like act structures, climaxes, and inciting incidents, but rarely offer the advice on making your characters and story come alive. So any good writer will have a library that has at least two books from these two separate categories.

Syd Field and Robert Mckee
These are the two most well known screenwriting "gurus," though neither has written a successful movie. This does not mean they have nothing worthwhile to say; both writers are good analysts of structure and form. However, what you won't find in their books is how to put heart and spirit into your story. What is a story without heart and spirit? Lifeless. So get their books, read them, and use them to help you with structure. Just don't take their methods as gospel and don't be afraid to discard what they teach when the time is right.

William Goldman
Goldman won an Academy Award for "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid", another one for "All the President's Men" and he has written (among others) two famous books on screenwriting, Adventures in The Screen Trade and More Adventures in the Screen Trade. The oft-quoted "nobody knows anything" (meaning you can have all the right elements for a great movie and flop at the box office) is a quote from "Adventures in the Screen Trade". Although he does not teach structure, as Syd Field or Robert McKee do, he does provide often funny, sometimes heart-breaking insights into the life of a working (striving and surviving) screenwriter in Hollywood. His books are no screenwriting manuals, but the life and heart that are lacking in McKee's or Field's books are abundant in his memoirs. Read McKee once, so you know what people talk about when they mention "inciting incident" and other McKeeisms, but read Goldman every now and then, to be inspired, and know that, as hard as you think writing is for you, it is even harder for him.

Cherry Potter - Screen Language
An excellent counterweight to the more structural and formalistic screenwriting guides. Includes inspiring and original suggestions for approaching the process of generating and elaborating story ideas. Also contains insightful analyses of a number of classic films, concentrating on the sequence (a series of scenes) as an essential building block.

J. Michael Straczynski - The Complete Book of Scriptwriting
The Creator of the Emmy-winning series Babylon Five (as well as other credits too numerous to mention), J. Michael Straczynski provides a notable tome that marries insider experience with practical tips for outlining, writing, finding an agent, pitching and more. While his topic is broad (with sections on writing for movies, television, animation, radio, theatre and the business itself) his grasp and the script examples alone make it a worthy read. Producing between 2000 and 3000 pages of published or produced material every year, authors don't get much more credible than this.

Elliot Grove - Write and Sell the Hot Screenplay
From the director of Raindance, this book presents a down-to-earth, systematic approach to all the elements of writing a screenplay, plus a detailed strategy for selling it once it’s written. It covers a lot of ground and is therefore inevitably concise, but the clarity of the concepts and practical advice is hugely valuable. Elliot Grove regularly presents a two-day workshop of the same name, which is well worth attending

Blake Snyder - Save the Cat!
Save the Cat! is a popular screenwriting book (and book series) by Blake Snyder. Even its critics (and there are) say you should read it but you have to know its strengths and weaknesses.

Stephen King
Okay, so he's not a screenwriter. He is, however, one of the best-selling authors of all time, so anything he has to say about writing is probably worth listening to. King's book On Writing is excellent as he tries to come to grips with what causes us to create and looks at from where the writing comes. Anybody doing any sort of writing will find this book most useful.

=Screenwriting Websites=

http://www.wordplayer.com
WORDPLAY / wordplayer.com is a phenomenal resource. Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio are working screenwriters who co-wrote the DreamWorks animated feature SHREK, winner of the first Academy Award for Best Computer Animated Film in 2002. These guys have written a number of brilliant essays and articles on the art and business of screenwriting that are essential reading.

The Artful Writer
A blog on "information, theory and debate for the professional television and film writer". Lots of useful info.

http://artfulwriter.com/

Screenplay Talk
Screenplay Talk is a free community for screenwriters to share ideas and discuss industry trends.

http://www.screenplaytalk.com

movie school 4 freer
A blog on all aspects of filmmaking including script writing

http://movieschoolfree.com/ Next | Rewriting

/Writing movies

title: Movie Making Manual/Writing/Writing


text:
Assyrian homeland

The Assyrian homeland, Assyria ( or ), refers to the homeland of the Assyrian people within which Assyrian civilisation developed, located in their indigenous Upper Mesopotamia. The territory that forms the Assyrian homeland is, similarly to the rest of Mesopotamia, currently divided between present-day Iraq, Turkey, Iran and Syria. In Iran, the Urmia Plain forms a thin margin of the ancestral Assyrian homeland in the north-west, and the only section of the Assyrian homeland beyond the Mesopotamian region. The majority of Assyrians in Iran currently reside in the capital city, Tehran.

The Assyrians are indigenous Mesopotamians, descended from the Akkadians and Sumerians, who developed independent civilisation in the city of Assur on the eastern border of northern Mesopotamia. The territory that would encompass the Assyrian homeland was divided through the centre by the Tigris River, with their indigenous Mesopotamia on the west and western margins of the Urmia Plains, which they occupied in 2000 BCE prior to the arrival of the modern Iranians, to the east. In modern times, Assyrians largely only recognise Assyrian towns and cities immediately neighbouring the Tigris to the east as their indigenous territory, in addition to Mesopotamia, with the homeland only expanding beyond the borders due to the major centres of Assyrian civilisation, such as the cities of Nineveh, Assur and Nimrud, being built on the banks of the Tigris itself.

Modern Assyrians are predominantly Christian, mostly adhering to the East and West Syriac liturgical rites of Christianity. They speak Neo-Aramaic languages, most common being Suret and Turoyo.

Ancient period
The city of Aššur and Nineveh (modern-day Mosul), which was the oldest and largest city of the ancient Assyrian empire, together with a number of other Assyrian cities, seem to have been established by 2600 BC. However it is likely that they were initially Sumerian-dominated administrative centres. In the late 26th century BC, Eannatum of Lagash, then the dominant Sumerian ruler in Mesopotamia, mentions "smiting Subartu" (Subartu being the Sumerian name for Assyria). Similarly, in c. the early 25th century BC, Lugal-Anne-Mundu the king of the Sumerian state of Adab lists Subartu as paying tribute to him.

Assyrians are eastern Aramaic-speaking, descending from pre-Islamic inhabitants of Upper Mesopotamia. The Old Aramaic language was adopted by the population of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from around the 8th century BC, and these eastern dialects remained in wide use throughout Upper Mesopotamia during the Persian and Roman periods, and survived through to the present day. The Syriac language evolved in Achaemenid Assyria during the 5th century BC.

During the Assyrian period Duhok was named Nohadra (and also Bit Nuhadra' or Naarda), where, during the Parthian-Sassanid rule in Assyria (c.160 BC to 250 AD) as Beth Nuhadra, gained semi-independence as one of a patchwork of Neo-Assyrian kingdoms in Assyria, which also included Adiabene, Osroene, Assur and Beth Garmai.

Early Christian period
Syriac Christianity took hold amongst the Assyrians between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD with the founding in Assyria of the Church of the East together with Syriac literature.

The first division between Syriac Christians occurred in the 5th century, when Upper Mesopotamian based Assyrian Christians of the Sassanid Persian Empire were separated from those in The Levant over the Nestorian Schism. This split owed just as much to the politics of the day as it did to theological orthodoxy. Ctesiphon, which was at the time the Sassanid capital, eventually became the capital of the Church of the East. During the Christian era Nuhadra became an eparchy within the Assyrian Church of the East metropolitanate of Ḥadyab (Erbil).

After the Council of Chalcedon in 451, many Syriac Christians within the Roman Empire rebelled against its decisions. The Patriarchate of Antioch was then divided between a Chalcedonian and non-Chalcedonian communion. The Chalcedonians were often labelled 'Melkites' (Emperor's Party), while their opponents were labelled as Monophysites (those who believe in the one rather than two natures of Christ) and Jacobites (after Jacob Baradaeus). The Maronite Church found itself caught between the two, but claims to have always remained faithful to the Catholic Church and in communion with the bishop of Rome, the Pope.

Middle Ages
Both Syriac Christianity and the Eastern Aramaic language came under pressure following the Arab Islamic conquest of Mesopotamia in the 7th century, and Assyrian Christians throughout the Middle Ages were subjected to Arabizing superstrate influence. The Assyrians suffered a significant persecution with the religiously motivated large scale massacres conducted by the Muslim Turco-Mongol ruler Tamurlane in the 14th century AD. It was from this time that the ancient city of Assur was abandoned by Assyrians, and Assyrians were reduced to a minority within their ancient homeland.

Upper Mesopotamia had an established structure of dioceses by AD 500 following the introduction of Christianity from the 1st to 3rd centuries AD. After the fall of the Neo Assyrian Empire by 605 BC Assyria remained an entity for over 1200 years under Babylonian, Achamaenid Persian, Seleucid Greek, Parthian, Roman and Sassanid Persian rule. It was only after the Arab-Islamic conquest of the second half of the 7th century AD that Assyria as a named region was dissolved.

The mountainous region of the Assyrian homeland, Barwari, which was part of the diocese of Beth Nuhadra (current day Dohuk), saw a mass migration of Nestorians after the fall of Baghdad in 1258 and Timurlane's invasion from central Iraq. Its Christian inhabitants were little affected by the Ottoman conquests, however starting from the 19th century Kurdish Emirs sought to expand their territories at their expense. In the 1830s Muhammad Rawanduzi, the Emir of Soran, tried to forcibly add the region to his dominion pillaging many Assyrian villages. Bedr Khan Beg of Bohtan renewed attacks on the region in the 1840s, killing tens of thousands of Assyrians in Barwari and Hakkari before being ultimately defeated by the Ottomans.

In 1552, a schism occurred within the Church of the East: the established "Eliya line" of patriarchs was opposed by a rival patriarch, Sulaqa, who initiated what is called the "Shimun line". He and his early successors entered into communion with the Catholic Church, but in the course of over a century their link with Rome grew weak and was openly renounced in 1672, when Shimun XIII Dinkha adopted a profession of faith that contradicted that of Rome, while he maintained his independence from the "Eliya line". Leadership of those who wished to be in communion with Rome passed to the Archbishop of Amid Joseph I, recognized first by the Turkish civil authorities (1677) and then by Rome itself (1681).

A century and a half later, in 1830, headship of the Catholics was conferred on Yohannan Hormizd. Yohannan was a member of the "Eliya line" family, but he opposed the last of that line to be elected in the normal way as patriarch, Ishoʿyahb (1778–1804), most of whose followers he won over to communion with Rome, after he himself was irregularly elected in 1780, as Sulaqa was in 1552. The "Shimun line" that in 1553 entered communion with Rome and broke it off in 1672 is now that of the church that in 1976 officially adopted the name "Assyrian Church of the East",   while a member of the "Eliya line" family is one of the patriarchs of the Chaldean Catholic Church.

For many centuries, from at least the time of Jerome (c. 347 – 420), the term "Chaldean" indicated the Aramaic language and was still the normal name in the nineteenth century. Only in 1445 did it begin to be used to mean Aramaic speakers in communion with the Catholic Church, on the basis of a decree of the Council of Florence, which accepted the profession of faith that Timothy, metropolitan of the Aramaic speakers in Cyprus, made in Aramaic, and which decreed that "nobody shall in future dare to call [...] Chaldeans, Nestorians".

Previously, when there were as yet no Catholic Aramaic speakers of Mesopotamian origin, the term "Chaldean" was applied with explicit reference to their "Nestorian" religion. Thus Jacques de Vitry wrote of them in 1220/1 that "they denied that Mary was the Mother of God and claimed that Christ existed in two persons. They consecrated leavened bread and used the 'Chaldean' (Syriac) language". Until the second half of the 19th century the term "Chaldean" continued in general use for East Syriac Christians, whether "Nestorian" or Catholic:   it was the West Syriacs who were reported as claiming descent from Asshur, the second son of Shem.

Early modern period
Peutinger's map of the inhabited world known to the Roman geographers depicts Singara as located west of the ''Trogoditi. Persi.'' (Troglodytae Persiae, "Persian troglodytes") who inhabited the territory around Mount Sinjar. By the medieval Arabs, most of the plain was reckoned as part of the province of Diyār Rabīʿa, the "abode of the Rabīʿa" tribe. The plain was the site of the determination of the degree by al-Khwārizmī and other astronomers during the reign of the caliph al-Mamun. Sinjar boasted a famous Assyrian cathedral in the 8th century.

Syria and Upper Mesopotamia became part of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, following the conquests of Suleiman the Magnificent.

Modern period
During World War I the Assyrians suffered the Assyrian genocide which reduced their numbers by up to two thirds. Subsequent to this, they entered the war on the side of the British and Russians. After World War I, the Assyrian homeland was divided between the British Mandate of Mesopotamia, which would become the Kingdom of Iraq in 1932, and the French Mandate of Syria which would become the Syrian Arab Republic in 1944.

Assyrians faced reprisals under the Hashemite monarchy for co-operating with the British during the years after World War I, and many fled to the West. The Patriarch Shimun XXI Eshai, though born into the line of Patriarchs at Qochanis, was educated in Britain. For a time he sought a homeland for the Assyrians in Iraq but was forced to take refuge in Cyprus in 1933, later moving to Chicago, Illinois, and finally settling near San Francisco, California.

The Chaldean Christian community was less numerous and vociferous at the time of the British Mandate of Mesopotamia, and did not play a major role in the British rule of the country. However, with the exodus of Assyrian Church of the East members, the Chaldean Catholic Church became the largest non-Muslim religious denomination in Iraq, and some Assyrian Catholics later rose to power in the Ba'ath Party government, the most prominent being Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz. The Assyrians of Dohuk boast one of the largest churches in the region named the Mar Marsi Cathedral, and is the center of an Eparchy. Tens of thousands of Yazidi and Assyrian Christian refugees live in the city as well due to the ISIS invasion of Iraq in 2014 and the subsequent Fall of Mosul

In addition to the Assyrian population, an Aramaic speaking Jewish population existed in the region for thousands of years, living mainly in Barwari, Zakho and Alqosh. However, all of the Barwari Jews either left or were exiled to Israel shortly after its independence in 1947. The region was heavily affected by the Kurdish uprisings during the 1950s and 60s and was largely depopulated during the Al-Anfal campaign in the 1980s, although some of its population later returned and their homes were subsequently rebuilt. Assur, which is in the Saladin Governorate, was put on UNESCO's List of World Heritage in danger in 2003, at which time the site was threatened by a looming large-scale dam project that would have submerged the ancient archaeological site.

Attacks on Christians

Following the concerted attacks on Assyrian Christians in Iraq, especially highlighted by the Sunday, August 1, 2004, simultaneous bombing of six Churches (Baghdad and Mosul) and subsequent bombing of nearly thirty other churches throughout the country, Assyrian leadership, internally and externally, began to regard the Nineveh Plain as the location where security for Christians may be possible. Schools especially received much attention in this area and in Kurdish areas where Assyrian concentrated population lives. In addition, agriculture and medical clinics received financial help from the Assyrian diaspora.

As attacks on Christians increased in Basra, Baghdad, Ramadi and smaller towns more families turned northward to the extended family holdings in the Nineveh Plain. This place of refuge remains underfunded and gravely lacking in infrastructure to aid the ever-increasing internally displaced people population. From 2012, it also began receiving influxes of Assyrians from Syria owing to the civil war there.

In August 2014 nearly all of the non-Sunni inhabitants of the southern regions of the Plains, which include Tel Keppe, Bakhdida, Bartella and Karamlesh were driven out by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant during the 2014 Northern Iraq offensive. Upon entering the town, ISIS looted the homes, and removed the crosses and other religious objects from the churches. The Christian cemetery in the town was also later destroyed. Assyrian Bronze Age and Iron Age monuments and archaeological sites, as well as numerous Assyrian churches and monasteries have been systematically vandalized and destroyed by ISIL. These include the ruins of Nineveh, Kalhu (Nimrud, Assur, Dur-Sharrukin and Hatra). ISIL destroyed a 3,000 year-old Ziggurat. ISIL destroyed Virgin Mary Church, in 2015 St. Markourkas Church was destroyed and the cemetery was bulldozed.

Soon after the beginning of the Battle of Mosul Iraqi troops advanced on Tel Keppe, but the fighting continued into 2017. Iraqi forces recaptured the town from ISIS on 19 January 2017.

Climate
Owing to its latitude and altitude, the Assyrian homeland is cooler and much wetter than most of Iraq. Most areas in the region fall within the Mediterranean climate zone (Csa), with areas to the southwest being semi-arid (BSh).

Demographics
Assyrian populations are distributed between the Assyrian homeland and the Assyrian diaspora. There are no official statistics, and estimates vary greatly, between less than one million in the Assyrian homeland, and 3.3 million with the diaspora included, mostly due to the uncertainty of the number of Assyrians in Iraq and Syria. Since the 2003 Iraq War, Iraqi Assyrians have been displaced into Syria in significant but unknown numbers. Since the Syrian Civil War began in 2011, Syrian Assyrians have been displaced into Turkey in significant but unknown numbers. The indigenous Assyrian homeland areas are "part of today's northern Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran and northeastern Syria".

The Assyrian communities that are still left in the Assyrian homeland are in Syria (400,000), Iraq (300,000), Iran (20,000), and Turkey (15,000–25,100). Most of the Assyrians living in Syria today, in the Al Hasakah Governorate in villages along the Khabur river, descend from refugees that arrived there after the Assyrian genocide and Simele massacre of the 1910s and 30s. Christian communities of Oriental Orthodox Syriacs lived in Tur Abdin, an area in Southeastern Turkey, Nestorian Assyrians lived in the Hakkari Mountains, which straddles the border of northern Iraq and Southern Turkey, as well as the Urmia Plain, an area located on the western bank of Lake Urmia, and Chaldean and Syriac Catholics lived in the Nineveh Plains, an area located in Northern Iraq.

More than half of Iraqi Christians have fled to neighboring countries since the start of the Iraq War, and many have not returned, although a number are migrating back to the traditional Assyrian homeland in the Kurdish Autonomous region. Most Assyrians nowadays live in northern Iraq, with the community in Northern (Turkish) Hakkari being completely decimated, and the ones in Tur Abdin and Urmia Plain are largely depopulated.

Creation of an Assyrian autonomous province
The Assyrian-inhabited towns and villages on the Nineveh Plain form a concentration of those belonging to Syriac Christian traditions, and since this area is the ancient home of the Assyrian empire through which the Assyrian people trace their cultural heritage, the Nineveh Plain is the area on which an effort to form an autonomous Assyrian entity has become concentrated. There have been calls by some politicians inside and outside Iraq to create an autonomous region for Assyrian Christians in this area.

In the Transitional Administrative Law adopted in March 2004 in Baghdad, not only were provisions made for the preservation of Assyrian culture through education and media, but a provision for an administrative unit also was accepted. Article 125 in Iraq's Constitution states that: "This Constitution shall guarantee the administrative, political, cultural, and educational rights of the various nationalities, such as Turkomen, Chaldeans, Assyrians, and all other constituents, and this shall be regulated by law."

On January 21, 2014, the Iraqi government had declared that Nineveh Plains would become a new province, which would serve as a safe haven for Assyrians. After the liberation of the Nineveh Plain from ISIL between 2016/17, all Assyrian political parties called on the European Union and UN Security Council for the creation of an Assyrian self-administered province in the Nineveh Plain.

Between the 28th-30 June 2017, a conference was held in Brussels dubbed, The Future for Christians in Iraq. The conference was organised by the European People's Party and had participants extending from Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac organizations, including representatives from the Iraqi government and the KRG. The conference was boycotted by the Assyrian Democratic Movement, Sons of Mesopotamia, Assyrian Patriotic Party, Chaldean Catholic Church and Assyrian Church of the East. A position paper was signed by the remaining political organizations involved.

title: Assyrian homeland


text:
Jeanne DuPrau

Jeanne DuPrau (born 1944 in San Francisco, California) is an American writer, best known for The Books of Ember, a series of science fiction novels for young people. She lives in Menlo Park, California.

The Books of Ember

 * The City of Ember (2003)
 * The People of Sparks (2004)
 * The Prophet of Yonwood (2006)
 * The Diamond of Darkhold (2008)

Other fiction

 * Car Trouble (2005)
 * Voyagers: Escape the Vortex (2016)

Nonfiction

 * The Earth House
 * Adoption: The Facts, Feelings, and Issues of a Double Heritage
 * Cells
 * Cloning
 * Daily Life in the American Colonies

Short stories

 * "Pearl's Fateful Wish" included in the young adult short story collection What You Wish For, published September 2011.

Film adaptations
A film adaptation of The City of Ember, called City of Ember, was released in October 2008. It was filmed in Belfast, Northern Ireland and stars Bill Murray as the Mayor of Ember, Saoirse Ronan, Harry Treadaway, Tim Robbins and Martin Landau.

title: Jeanne DuPrau