text:
Homelessness in New York

In October 2023, an average of 90,578 people slept in New York City's homeless shelters each night. This included 23,103 single adults, 32,689 children, and 34,786 adults in families. The total number is at its highest ever, with 63,636 people sleeping in homeless shelters. The city reported that in 2019, 3,600 individuals experienced unsheltered homelessness, sleeping in public spaces such as streets and public transit rather than shelters. The homeless population has surged in New York City 18% in 2023 from 2022, despite efforts from Mayor Adams.

Demographics
The Coalition for the Homeless, a New York-based non-profit organization, reports that 30% of single adults entering the shelter system each year enter directly from institutional settings. In 2018 6,100 adults entered from institutional settings, including: 3,466 from prison, 1,294 from non-hospital facilities (i.e. nursing homes), 760 from psychiatric hospitals, and 580 discharged from Rikers Island.

In 2019, 59% of Single Adults in shelters were Black, 27% were Hispanic, 10% were White (non-Hispanic), 4% Unknown/other, and 0.4% Asian/Pacific Islander. Black people are disproportionately homeless, making up 29% of NYC residents (35% difference). Whites are underrepresented, making up 32% of NYC residents (22% difference). The NYC Asian homeless population is marginally higher than the statistic shown above, and found in Chinatown based shelters or are on the streets.

History
In 1979, a New York City lawyer, Robert Hayes, brought a class action suit before the courts, Callahan v. Carey, against the City and State, arguing for a person's state constitutional "right to shelter". It was settled as a consent decree in August 1981. The City and State agreed to provide board and shelter to all homeless men who met the need standard for welfare or who were homeless by certain other standards. By 1983 this right was extended to homeless women. Despite this, 70% of homeless refuse shelter and help when assist programs approach them. [citation needed]

In March 2013, the New York City Department of Homeless Services reported that the sheltered homeless population consisted of:
 * 27,844 adults
 * 20,627 children
 * 48,471 total individuals

According to the Coalition for the Homeless, the homeless population of New York rose to an all-time high in 2011. A reported 113,552 people slept in the city's emergency shelters in 2010, including over 40,000 children; marking an 8 percent increase from the previous year, and a 37 percent increase from 2002. There was also a rise in the number of families relying on shelters, approximately 29,000. That is an increase of 80% from 2002. About half of the people who slept in shelter in 2010 returned for housing in 2011.

In 2004, New York's Department of Homeless Services (DHS) created HomeBase, a network of neighborhood-based services, to help tenants in housing crisis to remain in their communities and avoid entering shelter. Tenants can visit HomeBase locations within their neighborhoods to receive services to prevent eviction, assistance obtaining public benefits, emergency rental assistance and more. Brooklyn nonprofit CAMBA, Inc operates several HomeBase locations as well as an outfitted "You Can Van," which uses data on pending evictions to travel throughout the borough and offer help.

According to DHS, 64 percent of those applying for emergency shelter in 2010 were denied. Several were denied because they were said to have family who could house them when in actuality this might not have been the case. Applicants may have faced overcrowding, unsafe conditions, or may have had relatives unwilling to house them. According to Mary Brosnaham, spokeswoman for Coalition for the Homeless, the administration of Mayor Michael Bloomberg employs a deliberate policy of "active deterrence".

According to the Bowery Mission, "In most cases, multiple factors are involved [in homelessness]. Common ones include: mental illness, substance abuse, untreated medical issues, traumatic events, violence and abuse, lack of affordable housing and difficulty sustaining employment."

The New York City Housing Authority is experiencing record demand for subsidized housing assistance. However, just 13,000 of the 29,000 families who applied were admitted into the public housing system or received federal housing vouchers known as Section 8 in 2010. Due to budget cuts there have been no new applicants accepted to receive Section 8.

In March 2010, there were protests about the Governor's proposed cut of $65 million in annual funding to the homeless adult services system. The Bloomberg administration announced an immediate halt to the Advantage program, threatening to cast 15,000 families back into the shelters or onto the streets. A court has delayed the cut until May 2011 because there was doubt over the legality of cancelling the city's commitment. However, the Advantage program itself was consciously advanced by the Bloomberg administration as an alternative to providing long-term affordable housing opportunities for the poor and working class.

The result, as the Coalition for the Homeless report points out, is that "Thousands of formerly-homeless children and families have been forced back into homelessness. In addition, Mayor Bloomberg proposed $37 million in cuts to the city's budget for homeless services this year."

In 2018, DHS's budget was $2.15 billion. It fluctuated over the next few years, with 2021's proposed budget being slightly lower at $2.13 billion.

Homeless encampments have long featured prominently in the landscape of American cities. A vicious anti-homeless campaign called 'Peek-A-Boo, We See You Too' led by a union of NYPD officers sparked an uproar about the presence of homeless people more generally. Urban financialization in particular has focused on the city's stock of low-income rent stabilized housing. The warehousing of vacant buildings by speculators led to an increase in homeless encampments.

In 2022 the population of New York's homeless shelters increased as more asylum seekers arrived.

HOME-STAT
In 2015, Bill de Blasio introduced HOME-STAT (Homeless Outreach & Mobile Engagement Street Action Teams). HOME-STAT is a city-wide case management system which compiles information on unsheltered homelessness from 311 calls and street canvassing teams. Outreach teams include staff from different agencies including the Department of Homeless Services, the NYPD, and other social service agencies.

The core tenets of HOME-STAT are: proactive canvassing from Canal Street to 145th Street to identify "hotspots of persistent homelessness presence," immediate response to 311 calls by expanding the number of city street outreach staff and NYPD officers assigned to the Homeless Outreach Unit, and the creation of a city-wide case management system that facilitates "continuous monitoring and outreach" and "rapid response to individual problems." Under HOME-STAT, the city has created a by-name list of individuals known to outreach teams, confirmed to be experiencing homelessness, and currently engaged by outreach teams.

The city encourages New Yorkers to call 311 when they see individuals, they believe to be homeless, and call 911 if the individual seems to be a risk to themselves or others. This relies on individual New Yorkers to assume someone to be homeless and creates a division between New Yorkers with reliable shelter and without, encouraging people to use the city as an intermediary. The city labels homeless individuals who avoid the city's shelters as "service resistant".

In 2019, Coalition for the Homeless reported that the city's shelters struggle with 3 main issues including: "large-scale capital needs, routine cleaning and maintenance, and dehumanizing treatment by shelter staff." Coalition for the Homeless explains that these conditions create an unsafe, degrading and dehumanizing environment for those who stay in shelters.

Crimes relating to begging in New York
The administration of laws and regulations relating to begging in the state of New York is largely performed by each of the 62 cities of the state. Many of the state of New York's largest cities have introduced laws in the last decade prohibiting 'aggressive begging' in some form. The 1993 Loper case was a challenge to the state-wide law in the New York Penal Code §240.35(1) which made it an offence to loiter in a public place for the purpose of begging. New York City Police Department rarely issued fines under this law, but used it to 'move on' beggars.

In Loper, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals found begging in this case to be a First Amendment right, but still legal to ban in subways. A similar judgement was made in International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc. v. Lee in regard to New York City's airports, which found it reasonable to ban such activities in airports. However, the law still technically remained in force in the rest of New York state until it was repealed in 2010.

Some people in New York state were charged under that section of the law after Loper, but before it was repealed. Civil liberties groups have campaigned against the more targeted aggressive begging laws, however, they have been found to comply with the First Amendment. In 2010, New York City's current aggressive begging laws also withstood challenge in People v. Stroman.

title: Homelessness in New York


text:
User:Raymiey/sandbox

<!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --

Summary
Bluegrass Revolution is a professional ultimate team based in Lexington, KY and is a part of the American Ultimate Disc League, or AUDL. Their home stadium is Jake Bell Field at Henry Clay High School. The team's majority owner and team President is David Veech. Raymie Younkin, a US Army Veteran and former ultimate player, is part owner, Geneal Manager and Head Coach. Peter Dreisbach is the team's Strength and Assistant Coach. Contents [hide] 1 2012 Season 2 Current Roster 3 Sponsors 4 References 5 External links

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Raymiey/sandbox


text:
Sally Farmer

Sally Farmer (born 20 May 1976) is a New Zealand former basketball player who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics and in the 2004 Summer Olympics.

title: Sally Farmer


text:
Talk:Dmitri Loskov

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Dmitri Loskov. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:21, 8 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dmitri Loskov


text:
User:Stotropama/Books/Basic Aspects of Cinema - Part 1

Film Genre and Major Film Movements

 * Film genre
 * List of genres
 * Animation
 * Dramatic programming
 * Television comedy
 * Pornography
 * Quality television
 * Adventure film
 * Court show
 * Detective fiction
 * Docudrama
 * Fantasy television
 * Horror film
 * Legal drama
 * Medical drama
 * Police procedural
 * Political drama
 * Science fiction
 * Teen drama
 * Thriller (genre)
 * Western (genre)
 * Comedy-drama
 * Mockumentary
 * Romantic comedy film
 * Satire
 * Slapstick
 * Sitcom
 * Sketch comedy
 * B movie
 * Film noir
 * Neo-noir
 * Classical Hollywood cinema
 * Mob film
 * Crime film
 * Bollywood
 * Masala film
 * Parallel Cinema
 * Magic realism
 * Amélie
 * Documentary Film Movement
 * French New Wave
 * Claude Chabrol
 * Jean-Luc Godard
 * Henri Colpi
 * Alain Resnais
 * Chris Marker
 * Jean-Pierre Melville
 * Raoul Coutard
 * Anna Karina
 * Jean-Paul Belmondo
 * Jean-Pierre Léaud
 * Henri Langlois
 * André Bazin
 * Nacht und Nebel
 * The 400 Blows
 * Breathless (1960 film)
 * La Jetée
 * Hiroshima mon amour
 * Italian neorealism
 * Neorealism (art)
 * Vittorio De Sica
 * Federico Fellini
 * Roberto Rossellini
 * Luchino Visconti
 * Cesare Zavattini
 * Germany, Year Zero
 * Rome, Open City
 * Paisan
 * Bicycle Thieves
 * Umberto D.
 * Latin American cinema
 * Third Cinema
 * Frantz Fanon
 * Glauber Rocha
 * Cinema Novo
 * Joaquim Pedro de Andrade
 * Iranian New Wave
 * Abbas Kiarostami
 * Mohsen Makhmalbaf
 * Samira Makhmalbaf
 * Kandahar (2001 film)
 * Blackboards
 * Taste of Cherry
 * Jafar Panahi
 * The White Balloon
 * Offside (2006 Iranian film)
 * Cinema of Taiwan
 * Hou Hsiao-Hsien
 * Tsai Ming-liang
 * Ang Lee
 * Edward Yang
 * Lee Kang-sheng
 * Taipei Story
 * The Puppetmaster (film)
 * A Brighter Summer Day
 * Goodbye, Dragon Inn
 * The Hole (1998 film)


text:
User:KateRysh

My name is Ekaterina Yaryshkina. I am Russian, live in Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia. Within the Wikimedia project I contribute primarily to the Russian Wikipedia (there).

I am a student in Petrozavodsk State University. I am writing a master's thesis on "Building a world ranking of universities according to Wikipedia". For my master's thesis I have translated the article College and university rankings. This article was translated to Russian Wikipedia and was supplemented with new information. It is my first article in Wikipedia. The article was written for a few months during the course Internet Maths in PetrSU under the direction of Andrew Krizhanovsky. I plan to translate a few articles from the English Wikipedia for the Russian Wikipedia about the university rankings.

During the Wikipedia Education course (one semester in 2014) 15 my classmates from PetrSU and me fulfilled several serious wiki-tasks:
 * I have translated the English Wikipedia article “College and university rankings” into Russian and created new article in the Russian Wikipedia “Ранжирование колледжей и университетов”. This article was supplemented with new information.
 * The History section of the article PetrSU in the Russian Wikipedia about alma mater Petrozavodsk State University was written.
 * The new Russian Wikinews article was created “Рейтинг университетов мира QS: когда российские университеты смогут занять лидирующие места?” (QS World University Rankings: When Russian universities reach the top position).
 * Several entries were created in the Russian Wiktionary (реферал, госуслуга).
 * The spoken name of Russian scientist (Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm) was recorded and uploaded to Commons. The transcription of this name and the link to the audio file was added to the article in English Wikipedia “Igor Tamm” (see first line in this article). I chose this person because he was physicist, Nobelist, Hero of Socialist Labour.

I apply for participation in Wikimania 2015 and propose submissions to presentation "Wikipedia in Education: from student experience + Ranking universities based on Wikipedia data".

ru:User:KateRysh

title: User:KateRysh


text:
Talk:Mario Hytten

Flag issue and videos as viable references.
Ok so will leave aside the issue of which flag he raced under - as pointed, out all current sources cite Swiss.

Is it ok to use season highlights reels from YouTube as a reference? Apologies if I'm formatting this wrong, I'm new to this. All guidance appreciated -- Nick R Parker (talk) 21:57, 10 June 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mario Hytten


text:
Mary Anderson Bain

Mary Anderson Bain (September 19, 1911 – August 7, 2006) was a New Deal politician best known for her 33 years of service as Chief of Staff for Representative Sidney R. Yates, of Illinois.

Bain was born in DeKalb, where she was involved in Democratic politics. In 1935 she became the director of the National Youth Administration, one of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal agencies, for the Northern Illinois District. By 1939 she was director of NYA for all of Illinois. Later she was Deputy Director of the Illinois War Manpower Commission, roving Midwest executive for the Office of Price Administration, and Illinois Director for the U.S. Employment Service.

In 1937 she married a reporter named Herbert Bain, who was an editor of the old Chicago Herald-American before becoming a public relations executive in Chicago and Washington. The couple were very close through to his death on June 11, 2006; they were both 94 at the time of their deaths. They are survived by a daughter, Mary Ellen Bain, and two grandsons.

Bain's career on Capitol Hill began in 1965, when she became Chief of Staff to Representative Sidney R. Yates (D-Ill.). Yates became chairman of the House Appropriations Committee’s Subcommittee on Interior and Related Agencies in 1975. Together Yates and Bain worked to promote the preservation of the nation's cultural heritage and history through the founding of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, the Brittle Books and National Heritage Preservation programs at the National Endowment for the Humanities, establishment of the Conservation Program at the Institute for Museum and Library Services, and establishment of a cultural heritage grants program at the National Park Service. Mary also aided the development of the National Endowment for the Arts, the Smithsonian Institution, the National Gallery of Art, and the Kennedy Center; in recognition of her leadership in this area, Bain was awarded the Heritage Defender award. She retired in 1999.

title: Mary Anderson Bain


text:
User:MJHeas/sandbox2

= Morphotectonics = Morphotectonics (from Ancient Greek: μορφή, morphḗ, "form" ; and τεκτονικός, tektonikos, "pertaining to building" ), or tectonic geomorphology, is a branch of geomorphology that studies how landforms are formed or affected by tectonic activity. Morphotectonists seek to understand the deep Earth mechanisms behind the creation of tectonic landforms by processes such as crust uplift, subsidence, faulting, or folding.

Morphotectonics relies on cross-disciplinary research, drawing from fields such as geology, seismology, physical geography, climatology, geochronology, and geodesy. This diversity creates a challenge in that successful morphotectonic studies require combining information from specialized, historically unrelated fields of study. Furthermore, this wide range of fields leads to new discoveries in the field potentially coming from unexpected sources, such as paleobotany or stratigraphy. The field of morphotectonics has been increasingly gaining attention since the 1980s.

History
The study of how landforms are created by inner Earth processes was a topic heavily focused on in the mid-20th century, frequently appearing in geomorphology and geology text books. However, the term morphotectonics was not coined until 1961 by Edwin Hills, who defined the field as involving "a study of the external form and outlines of major topographic units...as well as their internal structure". After the 1960s, the field became neglected until a resurgence of morphotectonic literature in the 1980s.

Tectonic Landforms
Tectonic landforms are natural geomorphic landscape features that were formed by tectonic activity. Traditionally, it was believed that many geomorphic landscape features (e.g. valleys, glacial forms, volcanic landscapes, etc.) were formed solely via external, non-tectonic processes, such as water, wind, and ice erosion. However, it is now believed that in almost all cases, geomorphic features were formed by a combination of external and internal mechanisms.

Fault Scarp
A fault scarp is a small step or offset on the ground surface where one side of a fault has moved vertically with respect to the other. Active faulting can cause fault scarps to appear either individually or as multiple subparallel scarps.

Valleys
Valleys are the low areas lying between mountains or hills in which something flows, typically water, debris, or ice. The customary view is that valleys are carved by running water eroding path through land (in the case of V-shaped valleys), or by glaciers scouring across slopes (in the case of U-shaped valleys); however, there is evidence that rivers and ice follow pre-existing tectonic structures, meaning that valleys are created by both flows and tectonic activity.

Morphotectonic Methods
Traditional morphotectonic methods directly associated landform structure with geologic origin, with little regard to actual geophysical data. In more recent decades, morphotectonists have developed a more analytic approach with the advancement of technologies including the advancement of dating methods, development of new geodetic tools, and the availability digital topographic data along with high-speed computing.

title: User:MJHeas/sandbox2


text:
User:Mujinga/essays/AWW

As I see yet another user hounded off wikipedia I pull up my collar against the cold breeze. The rain lashes my cheek and I stare out to sea, wondering just what what the point of it all. here's clouds in the sky and the storm is coming. Slow broody music starts to play and I pace away. Credits roll.

Well, actually it's sunny here and I don't have much to complain about, but it does make me sad that wikipedia is now a place where admins elected back when the criteria were lax get to swing their metaphorical dicks around with impunity. I've previously referred to this phenomenon as willy waggling. Of course it's not limited to admins by any means. Further of course, nobody in their right mind wants to become an admin becuase of all the recent craziness. Meanwhile article for creation languish for months, what a horribly dispiriting thing for a new contributor to have to experience.

So I just want to remind people (and myself) that editing on wikipedia should be fun! And also collaborative. And yes you will meet some sticks in the mud, but better just to ignore them if possible. However, if that's not possible, please do stand up for yourself. Because even if wikipedia is heavily biased towards those with more time to edit and even though wikilayerism is a thing, I do believe that over time most issues get ironed out and eventually we'll end up with something decent.

The problem is otherwise that if people are able to bully other editors successfully, this pattern will be repeated again. Which is how we got where we are now in my opinion.

title: User:Mujinga/essays/AWW


text:
Wikisource

What is Wikisource
Wikisource collects and stores in digital format previously published texts; including novels, non-fiction works, letters, speeches, constitutional and historical documents, laws and a range of other documents. All texts collected are free of copyright, either because this has expired or because the text has been released under a GNU Free Documentation License. Texts in all languages are welcome, as are translations.

Wikisource does not host "vanity press" books or documents produced by its contributors.

Collaborative Projects between Wikiversity and Wikisource

 * New Testament Greek and Bible

title: Wikisource


text:
User:Koryu Obihiro

Yeah...that's me! Koryu Obihiro, a guy who lives in the United States. Just got an account for Wiktionary after being with Wikipedia for some time. I look forward to using this site!

title: User:Koryu Obihiro


text:
Kumar Rupesinghe

Kumar Rupesinghe (1943 – 20 February 2022) was a Sri Lankan academic and activist involved in social issues, particularly human rights, development issues, processes of globalisation, conflict prevention/resolution, and conflict transformation in the light of peacekeeping and peacebuilding for a harmonious coexistence among all peoples in the world.

He was a secretary general of International Alert and an advisor to the Reconciliation programme of the Triple R. Rupesinghe had experience in mediation and conflict resolution work.

Biography
Rupesinghe was born in the British Raj in 1943. He obtained his first degree from the London School of Economics and his Ph.D. from the City University London. He contributed towards building new organizations and networks on human rights and peace.

At sixteen he went to London to study philosophy for eight years. His guide and mentor in those formative years was the Hungarian philosopher Alfred Reynolds (Reinhold Alfré), whose insightful and enlightening discussions on philosophy ensured that the young Rupesinghe earned a solid grounding in Western and Indian Philosophy. This exposure to Western culture at an early age armed him with subjectivity for his own Sri Lankan culture. In the meantime, he continued his academic growth by obtaining a degree at London School of Economics and a doctorate from City University London. Over time, he became a research fellow at the Agrarian Research and Training Institute in Colombo (1971–1973) and was appointed director of the National Youth Service Council.

One of Rupesinghe's core concerns was the brutality he witnessed during the ethnic riots of 1958 in Sri Lanka, where a close Tamil friend and his family were killed.

Revolutionary years
During 1973–1977, under the patronage of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party, Rupesinghe formed two major weekly newspapers, Janavegaya and Janavegam (both meaning 'people's power'), which embodied a social movement for change. The Janavegaya social movement had wide popularity and a presence throughout the island. One of his unique achievements was to visit the 20,000 political prisoners held as a result of the abortive 1971 JVP Insurrection. Eventually, through the efforts of Janavegaya, the prime minister was persuaded to release all prisoners held in connection to the insurrection except for the key figures of the insurgency. Through the newspaper Janavegam, a Tamil weekly, he learned of the deep-rooted grievances of Tamil youth. Janavegam agitated for their rights and called for a power sharing arrangement for the Northern and East provinces. One positive outcome of this agitation was the establishment of the University of Jaffna. The weekly newspaper predicted that unless there was a clear policy to alleviate suffering and address the grievances of the youth, civil war would be inevitable.

University of Peradeniya
After the 1977 defeat of the SLFP-led United Front government, Rupesinghe served as a lecturer at the Department of Sociology of the University of Peradeniya (1977-1981). He was also a member of the Social Scientists Association, a Sri Lankan research body.

International Peace Research Institute
Rupesinghe was invited to join the International Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) in Norway, as a research fellow in 1982. At this time ethnic polarisation in Sri Lanka had increased and after 1977, relations between the Tamils and the government had deteriorated. Against this backdrop, he dedicated himself to finding solutions to the ethnic conflict, leading to his advocacy for an early warning system. He was later appointed research director and led PRIO's programme on ethnic conflict and conflict resolution.

During his tenure, Rupesinghe was appointed a coordinator to the Programme on Governance and Conflict Resolution at the United Nations University, Tokyo, where he edited two volumes and commissioned several monographs on identity conflict. He was also chair of the Commission on Internal Conflicts of the International Peace Research Association (IPRA), where he published four volumes on early warning and conflict resolution.

International Alert
From 1992 to 1998 Rupesinghe was secretary general of International Alert (IA), an international non-governmental organisation (NGO) dedicated to the prevention and mitigation of internal conflict. The organisation continued the work of the human rights advocate and first secretary general of Amnesty International, Martin Ennals, who received the Nobel Prize. During his tenure, Rupesinghe was in the august company of IA Board members like Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Nobel Laureates and other distinguished citizens of the global human rights community.

Under his leadership, International Alert became one of the largest NGOs in the world with a budget of approximately UK£5 million a year, a staff of 80, and field programmes in over 15 countries. Many organisations adopted International Alert's mandate of conflict prevention. Rupesinghe collaborated with over 50 organisations mainly in the regions of conflict.

International Alert has been involved in mediation and conflict resolution in Sri Lanka, the Philippines, Fiji, Sierra Leone, Burundi, Rwanda, the Caucasus region, and the Russian Federation. It made a decisive intervention in the conflict in Sierra Leone and facilitated the mediation process with the foreign minister of Côte d'Ivoire, the UN, the OAU, and the Commonwealth secretariat. Their efforts eventually led to the Abidjan Accords. In Liberia, at the request of President Carter, early efforts were made to encourage dialogue between Charles Taylor of Liberia and President Abacha of Nigeria.

In Sri Lanka, International Alert worked towards the resolution of its conflict with many problem-solving workshops inclusive of all parties involved. Of special interest was a programme to take 20 MPs representing each political party to learn from the experience from Northern Ireland, South Africa, and the Philippines.

In the Caucasus, in collaboration with the then Minister of Nationalities, Professor Valery Tishkov, Rupesinghe initiated a programme to expand an early warning and early response network in the Russian Federation and inaugurated a citizen-based network for peace building and conflict resolution. International Alert was asked to intervene in several conflicts in the former Soviet Union, including Chechnya and Dagestan.

In Fiji, International Alert was involved in several workshops with decision makers from both sides to work towards constitutional reform.

Academic pursuits
As chairman of the FCE, Rupesinghe provided policy support for the Sri Lankan peace process by writing articles and issue papers and participating in seminars and TV opinion programmes. This role supported continued public engagement and exchange with key decision-makers, stakeholders, and fellow civil society organisations.

Since his return to Sri Lanka after the signing of the ceasefire agreement between the government and the LTTE in 2002, he initiated the National Anti-War Front (NAWF) with a presence throughout Sri Lanka. It has been engaged in public demonstrations, sit-ins, and vigils to call for peace and a negotiated solution to the country's civil war.

While his nation building efforts were invaluable, Rupesinghe remained open to criticism. He encouraged open discussions with such individuals and groups and believed that transparency and dialogue is the only way of reaching a national consensus on the issue.

Among his contributions were advancing early warning and conflict resolution, understanding the role of third parties in the mediation of protracted internal conflicts, and developing a concept of multitrack solutions to civil wars.

He contributed to early warning systems for the EU and the OAU, and sought to influence policy debate in the UK, Canada, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands, Finland, Denmark, Germany, and Japan, where his efforts led to the formation of the Centre for Preventive Diplomacy.

International achievements
Rupesinghe also served as a member of the board on the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD)'s Project on War Torn Societies.

Professional achievements
Rupesinghe was chair of HURIDOCS (Human Rights Documentation Systems Exchange International) and was appointed chair of the Programme on Culture and Ethnicity of Japan's Sasakawa Peace Foundation. This programme will publish over five volumes on culture and identity. He was chair of the Forum for Early Warning and Early Action (FEWER), an ongoing initiative to establish an international early warning network.

He was appointed a member of the Atlanta-based Council of the International Negotiation Network, led by former President Carter, and acted as an advisor for his initiatives on peace.

He was a council member of the Commission in Globalisation of former Russian President Gorbachev's State of the World Forum.

Personal life and death
Rupesinghe died on 22 February 2022, at the age of 79.

Publications
Rupesinghe edited or wrote over 40 books and published over 200 articles in academic journals. Some of his writings include Civil War Civil Peace, Conflict Transformation, and Early Warning, Early Response. He recently released his collected works under the titles Waging Peace 2002-2008, Preventive Diplomacy, Early Warning, ''Conflict Resolution and Transformation Vols. I and II, Development and Conflict in Sri Lanka, Expressions of an Unequivocal Mind, and The Voice Vols. I and II''.

title: Kumar Rupesinghe


text:
Talk:Calculus/Summation notation

 * $$\sum_{j=2}^7 i^2 = 2^2 + 3^2 + 4^2 + 5^2 + 6^2+7^2$$

Here, the dummy variable is j, the lower limit of summation is 2, and the uppper limit is 7.

>> is this correct? yes, except upper is spelled wrong

=induction= hey this seems like it would be a very nice place to put a discussion on Induction. anyone disagree?--Stranger104 13:04, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

=moved= this page needs to be moved as it is so short (compared to say the entire topic of differentiation). Either into the integration page, or as an appendix.

title: Talk:Calculus/Summation notation


text:
Talk:Brett Sturgess

External links modified
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I have just modified 1 one external link on Brett Sturgess. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120206111700/http://www.premiershiprugby.com/premiership/rugby/exeter_chiefs.php?section=1 to http://www.premiershiprugby.com/premiership/rugby/exeter_chiefs.php?section=1

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:46, 8 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Brett Sturgess


text:
hawaiite

Noun

 * 1)  An olivine basalt intermediate between alkali olivine and mugearite.
 * 2)  A gem variety of olivine peridot.

title: hawaiite


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Giosue Gallucci

Giosue Gallucci
Created/expanded by DonCalo (talk). Nominated by Ayanosh (talk) at 11:26, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * ... that at the time of his death crime boss Giosue Gallucci ,held USD 350,000 in real estate and was considered to be a millionaire?

 * Symbol confirmed.svg Date and length OK. AGF on the hook. The C of E. God Save The Queen! (talk) 07:00, 13 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Dez Giraldi

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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title: Talk:Dez Giraldi


text:
Talk:Apple II accelerators

missing info on 6809 card
This article is a sub-page of the Apple II peripheral cards project. Please see Talk:Apple II peripheral cards for an outline before editing this page. Thanks! --PZ 09:19, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

'''There is an important accelerator missing from this article. I used it and therefore know of its existence but dont have the details to add it myself. It was a card that had a 6809 chip that could run in parallel to the onboard 6502. A major use of the card was that the UCSD p-System would make use of it. This system was the grandaddy of Java in that it implemented a virtual machine on top of which and extended Pascal language was implemented and an entire operating system was built. The virtual machine (and hence software written in UCSD Pascal) was also implemented to run on IBM PCs and TRS-80s (Radio Shack) amongst others.'''

External links modified
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title: Talk:Apple II accelerators


text:
User:Treeflea/Books/celtic stuff

celtic stuff

 * Britons (Celtic people)
 * Insular Celts
 * Celts
 * Celtic Christianity
 * Sub-Roman Britain
 * Wales in the Early Middle Ages

title: User:Treeflea/Books/celtic stuff


text:
User:Akinokarlo/sandbox

THE FORMULA OF PROGRESS[1]

Due to difficulties in finding a job, aggravated by the current war between Israel and Lebanon, self employment is encouraged. A self-employed person earns a living by working directly for oneself, without being tied to a regular employer by wage or salary. To be an entrepreneur is an example of being self-employed, for he or she runs a business, with a financial risk.

Perhaps second only to the teaching profession, entrepreneurship is a noble undertaking. An entrepreneur helps deliver basic needs, like food, clothing and shelter, to people. By doing so, profit can be earned. Definitely, entrepreneurship could help the country attain development and progress. Self-employment is a positive, but may be a temporary solution. Unless sustained support can be given by government and society to an entrepreneur, self-employment will not solve big problems in our financial and economic domains. There may be millions of entrepreneurs but, if the consuming public has no money because they don’t have jobs or are scrimping their money because of the economic crisis, entrepreneurs could not help us tide over the country’s crisis.

The entrepreneurs operating at the 168 Mall in Binondo, Manila seem to be earning. Yet, one wonders why foreigners are lording it over there and not Filipinos. Why are rich Filipinos investing their money outside the country? Why can’t Filipino entrepreneurs survive the business climate nowadays?

Some critics have replied that Filipinos know of the peace and order problems of the country, unlike perhaps the foreigners. Filipino entrepreneurs are tired of enduring extortion, and fed up with the “bribery system” that is becoming standard operating procedure in the country.

We should note that entrepreneurs only supplement sound economic and political atmosphere,but they really cannot be the sparkplug to achieve the economic success of a nation.

By themselves, entrepreneurs should not be given special nor sole focus in reaching economic progress. The 1986 Constitution already established the formula for economic success. Lest the said formula be removed due to hasty charter change, let us revisit that constitutional provision on the national economy and patrimony.

“The goals of the national economy are more equitable distribution of opportunities, income, and wealth; a sustained increase in the amount of goods and services produced by the nation for the benefit of the people; and an expanding productivity as the key to raising the quality of life for all, especially the underprivileged.

The State shall promote industrialization and full employment based on sound agricultural development and agrarian reform, through industries that makefull and efficient use of human and natural resources, and which are competitive

in both domestic and foreign markets. However, the State shall protect Filipino enterprises against unfair foreign competition and trade practices.

In the pursuit of these goals, all sectors of the economy and all regions of the country shall be given optimum opportunity to develop. Private enterprises, including corporations, cooperatives, and similar collective organizations, shall be encouraged to broaden the base of their ownership.” (Article XII – National Economy and Patrimony).

The agrarian sector should be given the most preferential attention for it produces the basic goods and food for the people, but it has not gotten enough support. The unceasing inflow of many imported vegetables, starting from garlic, onions, preserved vegetables from Korea called kimchi, is devastating to Filipino farmers.

Economics depends on politics or governance. Poor politics is poor economics.1. Points of Law

Atty. Berni M. Luceres

The Manila Times

Barangay News

Tuesday, August 22, 2006

title: User:Akinokarlo/sandbox


text:
LPI Linux Certification/LPIC2 Exam 202/DNS

Section Overview

 * Basic BIND 8 configuration
 * Create and maintain DNS zones
 * Securing a DNS server

Setting up a caching-only nameserver
To speed up the cumbersome process of DNS queries, DNS servers usually cache answers from other DNS servers – even negative queries (i.e an authoritative server's answer « name does not exist » is also cached by your local DNS)

Configuring BIND as a caching-only nameserver involves setting up only a «. » zone, that is, only tell it about the root nameservers and not specifying any zones, as follows :

zone «. » in { type hint; file « named.cache »; };

The file named.cache can be generated by using dig @a.root-servers.net Logging in BIND is controlled by two main concepts : channels and categories A channel specifies where logged data goes : to syslog, to a file, etc... A category specifies what data is logged

Channels allows you to filter messages by priority, like syslog's priorities. They are essentially the same, but two more are available for BIND : debug and dynamic, which affect debug level logging Debug sets a debug level, which will be active after the first trace command is given via ndc; dynamic will increment and decrement debug levels after each trace command is given via ndc

Example of logging configuration:

logging { channel my_syslog { syslog daemon; severity info; }; channel my_file { file « log.msgs »; severity dynamic; }; category statistics { my_syslog; my_file; }; category queries { my_file; }; };

To activate logging, after bind is started, issue a command :

ndc trace

Key terms, files and utilities : /etc/named.conf /usr/sbin/ndc /usr/sbin/named-bootconf Kill

Exercises
.

Create and maintain DNS zones
DNS zone files are composed mostly by resources records (RR) Resource records must start in the first column of a line The order in which they appear is not important, but most people tend to follow the order in the DNS RFCs SOA (Start Of Authority) : indicates authority for this zone NS (NameServer) : lists a nameserver for this zone Other records :

A : name-to-address mapping PTR : address-to-name mapping CNAME (canonical name) : aliases Don't forget to create a zone for 127.0.0 ! Create and maintain DNS zones Usual zone file format :

$TTL . IN SOA. . ( serial number ; refresh value ; retry value ;  expire value ;  negative caching TTL of 1 day .  IN  NS  . .  IN  NS  . ... .  IN  A   .  IN  A   ...

Create and maintain DNS zones For reverse mappings : $TTL .in-addr.arpa. IN SOA . . ( serial number ; refresh value ; retry value ;  expire value ;  negative caching TTL of 1 day .in-addr.arpa.  IN  NS  . .in-addr.arpa.  IN  NS  . ... .in-addr.arpa.  IN  PTR  . .in-addr.arpa.  IN  PTR  . ...

Key terms, files and utilities : Content of /var/named Zone file syntax Resources record formats Dig Nslookup Host

Exercises
.

Securing a DNS server
First of all, check security mailing lists and web sites for new versions of BIND. Particularly, versions prior to 8.2.3 are vulnerable to known attacks.

Hide your version number from foreign queries – it could be used to craft a special attack against you. Since BIND 8.2, you may use in named.conf:

options { version « None of your business »; };

You can also restrict queries : Globally :

options { allow-query { address-match-list; }; };

Or per-zone (which take precedence over global ACLs) :

zone « test.com » { type slave; file « db.test »; allow-query { <IP_ADDRESS>/24; }; };

Even more important, make sure only real slave DNS can transfer your zones from your master. Use the keyword allow-transfer : Globally (in an « options » statement), applies to all zones Per-zone On the slaves, disable zone transfers! Use « allow-transfer { none; }; »

Don't run BIND as root ! Since 8.1.2, there are options to change the user (-u ) and group (-g) under which BIND runs. Use a non-privileged user (i.e create a new one, without shell access). Make sure your zone files have their correct permission (named.conf is read while BIND is still under root's permissions, so don't change this file's permissions)

Also, run bind in a chroot jail. Since 8.1.2, there is option -t to specify the directory for the nameserver to chroot to. Make sure all the files needed by BIND (i.e log files, etc..) are under the root-jail If you plan to use ndc with a chroot'ed BIND, don't forget to pass the new pathname to the UNIX socket to ndc !

Here's a little bit on how to setup a chrooted bind9 environment in Debian. As the configuration in bind9 is very similar, the same procedure applies to bind8 for creating a chrooted environment. /etc/init.d/bind9 stop OPTIONS="-u bind -t /var/lib/named" SYSLOGD="-a /var/lib/named/dev/log" mkdir /var/lib/named mkdir -p /var/lib/named/var/run/bind/run mkdir /var/lib/named/etc mkdir /var/lib/named/dev mkdir /var/lib/named/var/cache mv /etc/bind /var/lib/named/etc/bind ln -s /var/lib/named/etc/bind /etc/bind chown -R bind:bind /var/lib/named/var/* chown -R bind:bind /var/lib/named/etc/bind mknod /var/lib/named/dev/null c 1 3 mknod /var/lib/named/dev/random c 1 8 chown 666 /var/lib/named/dev/random /var/lib/named/dev/null /etc/init.d/sysklogd restart /etc/init.d/bind9 start
 * Stop the currently running bind.
 * In order to chroot bind in a jail, we need to specify what environment in /etc/default/bind9:
 * We still want logging in our /var/log/syslog, so we change /etc/default/syslogd that it opens an extra socket to which the chrooted bind can log through into /var/log/syslog.
 * Run a couple of mkdir's for the environment
 * Move over our existing config
 * Link it
 * Change ownership in the chrooted var and etc
 * Create some devices & set permissions
 * Restart syslogd & start bind

If bind does not start and there are error messages in the syslog, keep in mind that these messages where created from inside the chrooted domain, hence a permission problem about /var/run/bind/run/named.pid would mean that it is really a problem about /var/lib/named/var/run/bind/run/named.pid

Key terms, files and utilities : SysV init files /etc/named.conf /etc/passwd