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English in Use/Verbs

Verbs are often called action words that show what the subject (a noun or pronoun) is doing. A verb is a word that signifies to be, to act, or to be acted on: as, I am, I rule, I am ruled, I love, you love, he loves. Verbs are so called, from the Latin verbum, a word; because the verb is that word which most essentially contains what is said in any clause or sentence. Although described as "action words", they can describe abstract concepts. They are a requirement of any sentence. Verbs have modifications of four kinds: moods, tenses, persons and numbers.

Morphological forms
An English verb has four morphological forms (forms of word formation) ever needful to be ascertained in the first place: the present, the past, the present participle, and the past participle. The third person singular is the fifth morphological form.

The present is that form of the verb, which is the root of all the rest; the verb itself; or that simple term which we should look for in a dictionary: as, be, act, rule, love, defend, terminate.

The past is that simple form of the verb, which denotes time past; and which is always connected with some noun or pronoun, denoting the subject of the assertion: as, I was, I acted, I ruled, I loved, I defended.

The present participle is that form of the verb, which ends commonly in ing, and implies a continuance of the being, action, or passion: as, being, acting, ruling, loving, defending, terminating.

The past participle is that form of the verb, which ends commonly in d or ed, and implies what has taken place: as, been, acted, ruled, loved.

Regularity
English, like many Germanic languages, contains both strong (or irregular, which is not quite the same as strong) and weak (regular) verbs. Irregular verbs are one of the most difficult aspects of learning English. Each irregular verb must be memorized, because they are not often easy to identify otherwise.

Verbs are divided, with respect to their regularity, into four classes: regular and irregular, redundant and defective.

A regular verb is a verb that forms the past and the past participle by assuming d or ed: as, love, loved, loving, loved.

An irregular verb is a verb that does not form the past and the past participle by assuming d or ed: as, see, saw, seeing, seen.

A redundant verb is a verb that forms the past or the past participle in two or more ways, and so as to be both regular and irregular: as, thrive, thrived or throve, thriving, thrived or thriven.

A defective verb is a verb that forms no participles, and is used in but few of the moods and tenses: as, beware, ought, quoth.

Persons and numbers
The person and number of a verb are those modifications in which it agrees with its subject. There are three persons and two numbers: thus,

 * 1) Singular first person. I love.
 * 2) Singular third person. He loves.
 * 3) Plural first person. We love.
 * 4) Plural second person. You love.
 * 5) Plural third person. They love.

Where the verb is varied, the third person singular in the present tense, is regularly formed by adding s or es: as, I see, he sees; I give, he gives; I go, he goes; I fly, he flies; I vex, he vexes; I lose, he loses.

Where the verb is not varied to denote its person and number, these properties are inferred from its subject: as, if I love, if he love; if we love, if you love, if they love.

Tenses
Tenses are those modifications of the verb, which distinguish time. There are three tenses - Each of the above category lists subcategories. One could even say there are twelve tenses because each of those comes in simple and in progressive forms, which have different meaning.
 * The Present,
 * The Past, and
 * The Future.

The past tense is sometimes called imperfect, but the names perfect and imperfect do not fit their meaning. These names were derived from Latin where they were correct.

The Present

Simple Present Tense is that which expresses what now exists, is normal or correlated to senses. It is used with adverbs like always, generally.

 * "There is a house in New Orleans."
 * "I read a book every week."
 * "I hear a noise."

Present Continuous Tense is that which expresses what is temporary:

 * "I am reading a letter."
 * "The car is running at high speed."
 * "Someone is always working."

Present perfect tense is that which expresses what has taken place, within some period of time not yet fully past, or is still valid. It is used with adverbs like ever, never, today, this week.

 * "I have read several of Shaw's novels."
 * "I have seen him today; something must have detained him."
 * "Have you ever tried fugu fish?"

Present perfect continuous tense is that which which started in the past and has not yet finished.

 * "Since I have been standing here, five planes took off."

The Past

Simple Past tense is that which expresses what took place in time fully past. It is used with adverbs like yesterday,  last week.

 * "Last week, I read several of Shaw's novels."

Past continuous tense is that which expresses what was taking place when (suddenly) something else occurred.

 * "I saw him yesterday, and hailed him as he was passing."
 * "I was giving a presentation when the microphone broke."

Past perfect tense is that which expresses what had taken place, at some past time mentioned, before something other happened.

 * "I had seen him, when I met you."
 * "As soon as my car had been repaired, I could continue my trip."

Past perfect continuous tense is that which expresses what had started before and was still going on, when something else occurred.

 * "I had been listening to the radio when she dropped in."

The Future

Simple Future Tense is that which expresses what will take place hereafter.

 * "I shall see him again, and I will inform him."

Future continuous tense is that which expresses what will be currently taking place at a certain time in future.

 * "I will be swimming in the sea by the time you'll awake."

Future Perfect Tense is that which expresses what will have taken place at some future time mentioned.

 * "I shall have seen him by tomorrow noon."

Future Perfect continuous Tense is that which expresses what will have started at some time and will still be ongoing, at some future time mentioned.

 * "I will have been swimming in the sea for four hours by the time you'll awake tomorrow."

Signification
An active verb is a verb in an active sentence, in which the subject performs the verb: as,

 * "I hit the dog."

An active verb can be transitive or intransitive, but not passive or neuter.

Verbs are divided again, with respect to their signification, into four classes: transitive, intransitive, passive, and neuter.

A transitive verb is a verb that expresses an action which has some person or thing for its object: as,

 * "Cain slew Abel."
 * "Cassius loved Brutus."

An intransitive verb is a verb that expresses an action which has no person or thing for its object: as,

 * "John walks."
 * "Jesus wept."

A passive verb is a verb in a passive sentence (passive voice) that represents its subject, or what the nominative expresses, as being acted on: as,

 * "I am compelled."
 * "Caesar was slain."

In a passive sentence, the action is performed on the subject.

 * "I hit the dog,"
 * "The dog was hit by me."

These sentences have the same denotative meaning, but their connotative meaning is quite different; active verbs are much more powerful and personal.

A neuter verb or impersonal passive verb is a verb that expresses neither action nor passion, but simply being, or a state of being: as,

 * "There was light."
 * "The babe sleeps."

Voice
Voice of speech can be active or passive. Principally in passive voice the same tenses can be used as in active voice. There are two forms of passive voice (the second form is preferred):

 * "He gave me the book." =>
 * "The book was given to me,"
 * "I was given the book."

There are however some things to note.

 * "They build a house."
 * "The house is built."

Here active and passive do not really have the same meaning. If for example you describe a picture where people build a house, the first sentence is perfectly correct. The second sentence however will be interpreted as the static perfect of the sentence

 * "The house has been built—it is built now."

This is, the house is now ready and not under construction. So the correct passive form is

 * "The house is being built."

Passive voice can be built quite formally by adhering to some rules. You will however not find normally all tenses as in active voice. Formal rules will lead you to monstrosities like the following, you will certainly never hear (already the active sentence is quite monstrous):

 * "The speech will have been being held for four hours when finally you'll arrive."
 * "The president will have been holding a speech for four hours when finally you'll arrive."

Moods
Moods are different forms of the verb, each of which expresses the being, action, or passion, in some particular manner.

There are five moods; the infinitive, the indicative, the potential, the subjunctive, and the imperative.

The infinitive mood is that form of the verb, which expresses the being, action, or passion, in an unlimited manner, and without person or number: as,

 * "To die,—to sleep;—to sleep!—perchance, to dream!"—from Hamlet by William Shakespeare.

The indicative mood is that form of the verb, which simply indicates or declares a thing: as,

 * "I write,"
 * "You know."

or asks a question: as,

 * "Do you know?"
 * "Know you not?"

The potential mood is that form of the verb which expresses the power, liberty, possibility, or necessity, of the being, action, or passion: as,

 * "I can walk."
 * "He may ride."
 * "We must go."

The subjunctive mood is that form of the verb, which represents the being, action, or passion, as conditional, doubtful, and contingent: as,

 * "If you go, see that you offend not."
 * "See you do it not."—Rev., xix, 10.
 * "God save the queen."
 * "It is a requirement that ... be done."
 * "It's high time you were in bed."
 * "If I were you,..."

The imperative mood is that form of the verb which is used in commanding, exhorting, entreating, or permitting: as,

 * "Depart you."
 * "Be comforted."
 * "Forgive me."
 * "Go in peace."

Conjugation
The conjugation of a verb is a regular arrangement of its moods, tenses, persons, numbers, and participles.

An auxiliary, or a sign of a verb, is a short verb prefixed to one of the morphological forms of another verb, to express some particular mode and time of the being, action, or passion. The auxiliaries are do, be, have, shall, will, may, can, and must, with their variations. Do, be, and have express the indicative mood.

Most often, the auxiliaries are used in the following way:

 * When talking about actions that take place in the future, add the word will before the verb.
 * To describe an action that is temporary, add the appropriate form of the verb be before the verb and add ing to the end of the verb root.
 * To describe an action that has taken place, put the verb in the past tense and add the appropriate form of the verb have before the verb.
 * You can combine the previous two auxiliaries by putting the appropriate form of have before been, and putting both of them before the verb.

Do

 * Present tense, sign of the present. I do, he does, we do, you do, they do.
 * Past tense, sign of the past. I did, he did, we did, you did, they did.

Be

 * Present tense, sign of the present. I am, he is, we are, you are, they are.
 * Past tense, sign of the past. I was, he was, we were, you were, they were.

Have

 * Present tense, sign of the perfect. I have, he has, we have, you have, they have.
 * Past tense, sign of the past perfect. I had, he had, we had, you had, they had.

Shall and will
Often confused with each other in modern English. These auxiliaries have distinct meanings, and, as signs of the future, they are interchanged thus:

Present tense, sign of the indicative first-future.

 * Simply to express a future action or event: I shall, he will, we shall, you will, they will.
 * To express a promise, command, or threat: I will, he will, we will, you will, they will.

Past tense, sign of aorist, or indefinite.

 * Used with reference to duty or expediency: I should, he should, we should, you should, they should.
 * Used with reference to volition or desire: I would, he would, we would, you would, they would.

See also: Shall and will by Wikipedia

May

 * Present tense, sign of the potential present. I may, he may, we may, you may, they may.
 * Past tense, sign of the potential past. I might, he might, we might, you might, they might.

Can

 * Present tense, sign of the potential present. I can, he can, we can, you can, they can.
 * Past tense, sign of the potential past. I could, he could, we could, you could, they could.

Must

 * Present tense, sign of the potential present. I must, he must, we must, you must, they must.

If must is ever used in the sense of the past tense, the form is the same as that of the present: this word is entirely invariable.

Is being
English grammar has changed,

 * "The house is being built."

no longer means the same as

 * "The house is built."

The first sentence refers to an ongoing action, the second to a completed one.

 * "If the expression, 'Is being built,' be a correct form of the present indicative passive, then it must be equally correct to say in the perfect, 'Has been being built;' in the past perfect, 'Had been being built;' in the present infinitive, 'To be being built;' in the perfect infinitive, 'To have been being built;' and in the present participle, 'Being being built;' which all will admit to be expressions as incorrect as they are inelegant, but precisely analogous to that which now begins to prevail."—Bullions's Principles of English Gram., p. 58.

Forms of conjugation
Verb may be conjugated in four ways:

 * Affirmatively: as, I write, I do write, or, I am writing; and so on.
 * Negatively: as, I write not, I do not write, or, I am not writing.
 * Interrogatively: as, write I? do I write? or, am I writing?
 * Interrogatively and negatively: as, write I not? do I not write? or, am I not writing?

The verbs would be conjugated affirmatively, unless said otherwise.

Love, conjugated in simple form
The verb love is a regular active verb.

Simple form, active or neuter
The simplest form of an English conjugation, is that which makes the present and past tenses without auxiliaries; but, even in these, auxiliaries are required for the potential mood, and are often preferred for the indicative.

Infinite mood
The infinitive mood is that form of the verb, which expresses the being, action, or passion, in an unlimited manner, and without person or number. It is used only in the present and perfect tenses.

Present tense
This tense is the root, or radical verb; and is usually preceded by the preposition to, which shows its relation to some other word: thus,

 * To love.

Perfect tense
This tense prefixes the auxiliary have to the past participle; and, like the infinitive present, is usually preceded by the preposition to: thus,

 * To have loved.

Indicative mood
The indicative mood is that form of the verb, which simply indicates or declares a thing, or asks a question. It is used in all the tenses.

Present tense
The present indicative, in its simple form, is essentially the same as the present infinitive, or radical verb; except that the verb be has am in the indicative.

The simple form of the present tense is varied thus:

 * I love, he loves, we love, you love, they love.

This tense may also be formed by prefixing the auxiliary do to the verb: thus,

 * I do love, he does love, we do love, you do love, they do love.

Past tense
This tense, in its simple form is the past; which, in all regular verbs, adds d or ed to the present, but in others is formed variously.

The simple form of the past tense is varied thus:

 * I loved, he loved, we loved, you loved, they loved,

This tense may also be formed by prefixing the auxiliary did to the present: thus,

 * I did love, he did love, we did love, you did love, they did love.

Perfect tense
This tense prefixes the auxiliary have to the past participle: thus,

 * I have loved, he has loved, we have loved, you have loved, they have loved.

Past perfect tense
This tense prefixes the auxiliary had to the past participle: thus,

 * I had loved, he had loved, we had loved, you had loved, they had loved.

First-future tense
This tense prefixes the auxiliary shall or will to the present: thus,

 * Simply to express a future action or event: I shall love, he will love, we shall love, you will love, they will love.
 * To express a promise, volition, command, or threat: I will love, he shall love, we will love, you shall love, they shall love.

Second-future tense
This tense prefixes the auxiliaries shall have or will have to the past participle: thus,

 * I shall have loved, he will have loved, we shall have loved, you will have loved, they will have loved.

Potential mood
The potential mood is that form of the verb, which expresses the power, liberty, possibility, or necessity of the being, action, or passion. It is used in the first four tenses; but the potential past is properly an aorist: its time is very indeterminate: as,

 * "He would be devoid of sensibility were he not greatly satisfied."—Lord Kames, El. of Crit., Vol. i, p. 11.

Present tense
This tense prefixes the auxiliary may, can, or must, to the radical verb: thus,

 * I may love, he may love, we may love, you may love, they may love.

Past tense
This tense prefixes the auxiliary might, could, would, or should, to the radical verb: thus,

 * I might love, he might love, we might love, you might love, they might love.

Perfect tense
This tense prefixes the auxiliaries, may have, can have, or must have, to the past participle: thus,

 * I may have loved, he may have loved, we may have loved, you may have loved, they may have loved.

Past perfect tense
This tense prefixes the auxiliaries, might have, could have, would have, or should have, to the past participle: thus,

 * I might have loved, he might have loved, we might have loved, you might have loved, they might have loved.

Subjunctive mood
The subjunctive mood is that form of the verb, which represents the being, action, or passion, as conditional, doubtful, or contingent. This mood is generally preceded by a conjunction: as, if, that, though, lest, unless, except. But sometimes, especially in poetry, it is formed by a mere placing of the verb before the nominative: as,

 * "Were I," for, "If I were;"
 * "Had he," for, "If he had;"
 * "Fall we" for, "If we fall;"
 * "Knew they," for, "If they knew."

It does not vary its termination at all, in the different persons. It is used in the present, and sometimes in the past tense; rarely, and perhaps never properly, in any other. As this mood can be used only in a dependent clause, the time implied in its tenses is always relative, and generally indefinite: as,

 * "It shall be in eternal restless change, self-fed, and self-consumed: if this fail, the pillared firmament is rottenness."—Milton, Comus, l. 596.

Present tense
This tense is generally used to express some condition on which a future action or event is affirmed. It is therefore erroneously considered by some grammarians, as an elliptical form of the future.

 * If I love, if he love, if we love, if you love, if they love.

In this tense, the auxiliary do is sometimes employed: as,

 * "If you do prosper my way."—Genesis, xxiv, 42.
 * "If he do not utter it."—Leviticus, v, 1.
 * "If he do but intimate his desire."—Murray's Key, p. 207.
 * "If he do promise, he will certainly perform."—Ib., p. 208.
 * "An event which, if it ever do occur, must occur in some future period."—Hiley's Gram., 3d Ed., Lond., p. 89.
 * "If he do but promise, you are safe."—Ib., 89.
 * "Until old experience do attain to something like prophetic strain."—Milton: Il Penseroso.

Past tense

 * If I loved, if he loved, if we loved, if you loved, if they loved.

This tense, like the past of the potential mood, with which it is frequently connected, is properly an aorist, or indefinite tense; for it may refer to time past, present, or future: as,

 * "If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood, what further need was there that an other priest should rise?"—Heb., vii, 11.
 * "They must be viewed exactly in the same light, as if the intention to purchase now existed."—Murray's Parsing Exercises, p. 24.
 * "If it were possible, they shall deceive the very elect."—Matt., xxiv, 24.
 * "If the whole body were an eye, where were the hearing?"—1 Corinthians, xii, 17.
 * "If the thankful refrained, it would be pain and grief to them."—Atterbury.

Imperative mood
The imperative mood is that form of the verb, which is used in commanding, exhorting, entreating, or permitting. It is commonly used only in the second person of the present tense.

 * Love [you,] or do you love.

See, conjugated in simple form
The verb see is an irregular active verb.

Participles
Present Past   Past Perfect Seeing. Seen. Having seen.

Infinitive mood

 * Present tense. To see.
 * Perfect tense. To have seen.

Indicative mood

 * Present tense. I see, he sees, we see, you see, they see.
 * Past tense. I saw, he saw, we saw, you saw, they saw.
 * Perfect tense. I have seen, he has seen, we have seen, you have seen, they have seen.
 * Past perfect tense. I had seen, he had seen, we had seen, you had seen, they had seen.
 * First-future tense. I shall see, he will see, we shall see, you will see, they will see.
 * Second-future tense. I shall have seen, he will have seen, we shall have seen, you will have seen, they will have seen.

Potential mood

 * Present tense. I may see, he may see, we may see, you may see, they may see.
 * Past tense. I might see, he might see, we might see, you might see, they might see.
 * Perfect tense. I may have seen, he may have seen, we may have seen, you may have seen, they may have seen.
 * Past perfect tense. I might have seen, he might have seen, we might have seen, you might have seen, they might have seen.

Subjunctive mood

 * Present tense. If I see, if he see, if we see, if you see, if they see.
 * Past tense. If I saw, if he saw, if we saw, if you saw, if they saw.

Imperative mood

 * Present tense. See [you,] or do you see.

Be, conjugated in simple form
The verb be is an irregular neuter verb.

Morphological forms
Present Past  Present Participle  Past Participle. Be. Was. Being. Been.

Participles
Present Past   Past Perfect Being. Been. Having been.

Infinitive mood

 * Present tense. To be.
 * Perfect tense. To have been.

Indicative mood

 * Present tense. I am, he is, we are, you are, they are.
 * Past tense. I was, he was, we were, you were, they were.
 * Perfect tense. I have been, he has been, we have been, you have been, they have been.
 * Past perfect tense. I had been, he had been, we had been, you had been, they had been.
 * First-future tense. I shall be, he will be, we shall be, you will be, they will be.
 * Second-future tense. We shall have been, he will have been, we shall have been, you will have been, they will have been.

Potential mood

 * Present tense. I may be, he may be, we may be, you may be, they may be.
 * Past tense. I might be, he might be, we might be, you might be, they might be.
 * Perfect tense. I may have been, he may have been, we may have been, you may have been, they may have been.
 * Past perfect tense. I might have been, he might have been, we might have been, you might have been, they might have been.

Subjunctive mood

 * Present tense. If I be, if he be, if we be, if you be, if they be.
 * Past tense. If I were, if he were, if we were, if you were, if they were.

Imperative mood

 * Present tense. Be [you,] or do you be.

Read, conjugated in progressive form
The verb read is an irregular active verb.

Compound or progressive form
Active and neuter verbs may also be conjugated, by adding the present participle to the auxiliary verb be, through all its changes: as,

 * "I am writing a letter."
 * "He is sitting idle."
 * "They are going."

This form of the verb denotes a continuance of the action or state of being, and is, on many occasions, preferable to the simple form of the verb.

Morphological forms of the simple verb
Present Past   Present Participle  Past Participle Read. Read. Reading. Read.

Participles
Present        Past      Past Perfect Being reading. ———————— Having been reading.

Infinitive mood

 * Present tense. To be reading.
 * Perfect tense. To have been reading.

Indicative mood

 * Present tense. I am reading, he is reading, we are reading, you are reading, they are reading.
 * Past tense. I was reading, he was reading, we were reading, you were reading, they were reading.
 * Perfect tense. I have been reading, he has been reading, we have been reading, you have been reading, they have been reading.
 * Past perfect tense. I had been reading, he had been reading, we had been reading, you had been reading, they had been reading.
 * First-future tense. I shall be reading, he will be reading, we shall be reading, you will be reading, they will be reading.
 * Second-future tense. I shall have been reading, he will have been reading, we shall have been reading, you will have been reading, they will have been reading.

Potential mood

 * Present tense. I may be reading, he may be reading, we may be reading, you may be reading, they may be reading.
 * Past tense. I might be reading, he might be reading, we might be reading, you might be reading, they might be reading.
 * Perfect tense. I may have been reading, he may have been reading, we may have been reading, you may have been reading, they may have been reading.
 * Past perfect tense. I might have been reading, he might have been reading, we might have been reading, you might have been reading, they might have been reading.

Subjunctive mood

 * Present tense. If I be reading, if she be reading, if we be reading, if you be reading, if they be reading.
 * Past tense. If I were reading, if he were reading, if we were reading, if you were reading, if they were reading.

Imperative mood

 * Be you reading, or do you be reading.

Be loved, conjugated in simple form
The verb be loved is a regular passive verb.

Form of passive verbs
Passive verbs, in English, are always of a progressive form; being made from transitive verbs, by adding the past participle to the auxiliary verb be, through all its changes: thus from the active transitive verb love, is formed the passive verb be loved.

Infinitive mood

 * Present tense. To be loved.
 * Perfect tense. To have been loved.

Indicative mood

 * Present tense. I am loved, he is loved, we are loved, you are loved, they are loved.
 * Past tense. I was loved, he was loved, we were loved, you were loved, they were loved.
 * Perfect tense. I have been loved, he has been loved, we have been loved, you have been loved, they have been loved.
 * Past perfect tense. I had been loved, he had been loved, we had been loved, you had been loved, they had been loved.
 * First-future tense. I shall be loved, he will be loved, we shall be loved, you will be loved, they will be loved.
 * Second-future tense. I shall have been loved, he will have been loved, we shall have been loved, you will have been loved, they will have been loved.

Potential mood

 * Present tense. I may be loved, he may be loved, we may be loved, you may be loved, they may be loved.
 * Past tense. I might be loved, he might be loved, we might be loved, you might be loved, they might be loved.
 * Perfect tense. I may have been loved, he may have been loved, we may have been loved, you may have been loved, they may have been loved.
 * Past perfect tense. I might have been loved, he might have been loved, we might have been loved, you might have been loved, they might have been loved.

Subjunctive mood

 * Present tense. If I be loved, if he be loved, if we be loved, if you be loved, if they be loved.
 * Past tense. If I were loved, if he were loved, if we were loved, if you  were loved, if they were loved.

Imperative mood

 * Present tense. Be you loved, or do you be loved.

Form of negation
A verb is conjugated negatively, by placing the adverb not and participles take the negative first: as, not to love, not to have loved; not loving, not loved, not having loved.

First person singular

 * Indicative. I love not, or I don't love; I loved not, or I didn't love; I haven't loved; I hadn't loved; I shalln't, or won't, love; I shalln't, or won't, have loved.
 * Potential. I may, can, or mustn't love; I might, could, would, or shouldn't love; I may, can, or mustn't have loved; I might, could, would, or shouldn't have loved,
 * Subjunctive. If I love not, if I loved not, if they loved.

Third person singular

 * Indicative. He loves not, or he doesn't love; he loved not, or he didn't love; he hasn't loved; he hadn't loved; he shalln't, or won't, love; he shalln't, or won't, have loved.
 * Potential. He may, can, or mustn't love; he might, could, would, or shouldn't love; he may, can, or mustn't have loved; he might, could, would, or shouldn't have loved.
 * Subjunctive. If he love not, if he loved not.

Form of question
A verb is conjugated interrogatively, in the indicative and potential moods, by placing the nominative after it, or after the first auxiliary: as,

First person singular

 * Indicative. Love I? or do I love? loved I? or did I love? have I loved? had I loved? shall I love? shall I have loved?
 * Potential. May, can, or must I love? might, could, would, or should I love? may, can, or must I have loved? might, could, would, or should I have loved?

Third person singular

 * Indicative. Loves he? or does he love? loved he? or did he love? has he loved? had he loved? shall or will he love? will he have loved?
 * Potential. May, can, or must he love? might, could, would, or should he love? may, can, or must he have loved? might, could, would, or should he have loved?

Form of question with negation
A verb is conjugated interrogatively and negatively, in the indicative and potential moods, by placing the nominative and the adverb not after the verb, or after the first auxiliary: as,

First person plural

 * Indicative. Love we not? or do we not love? loved we not? or did we not love? have we not loved? had we not loved? shall we not love? shall we not have loved?
 * Potential. May, can, or must we not love? might, could, would, or should we not love? may, can, or must we not have loved? might, could, would, or should we not have loved?

Third person plural

 * Indicative. Are they not loved? were they not loved? have they not been loved? had they not been loved? shall or will they not be loved? will they not have been loved?
 * Potential. May, can, or must they not be loved? might, could, would, or should they not be loved? may, can, or must they not have been loved? might, could, would, or should they not have been loved?

Irregular verbs
An irregular verb is a verb that does not form the past and the past participle by assuming d or ed: as, see, saw, seeing, seen. Of this class of verbs there are about one hundred and ten, beside their several derivatives and compounds.

Methods of learning irregular verbs:

 * To remember verbs:

 * 1) Learn them by heart.
 * 2) Write a reference lists of verbs.
 * 3) Say the verbs aloud (not silently).
 * 4) Set yourself targets, e.g. learn one verb a day.
 * 5) Learn these verbs in groups.
 * 6) Test yourself.

 * To learn how to use them:

 * 1) Write your own example sentences.
 * 2) Collect some examples of use for each verb, e.g. from books, magazines or newspapers.
 * 3) Use an English grammar.

List of the top irregular verbs:

 * English irregular verbs

Redundant verbs
A redundant verb is a verb that forms the past or the past participle in two or more ways, and so as to be both regular and irregular: as, thrive, thrived or throve, thriving, thrived or thriven. Of this class of verbs, there are about ninety-five, beside sundry derivatives and compounds.

List of the redundant verbs:

Defective verbs
A defective verb is a verb that forms no participles, and is used in but few of the moods and tenses: as, beware, ought, quoth.

List of the defective verbs:

A short syntax
The finite verb must agree with its subject, as "The birds fly", except the following cases: the conjunction and, as "Rhetoric and logic are allied," one person or thing, as "Flesh and blood has not revealed it," empathy, as "Consanguinity, and not affinity, is the ground," each, every, or no, as "No one is the same," and the conjunction or, as "Fear or jealousy affects him."

title: English in Use/Verbs


text:
Peter Nicholls (musician)

Peter Nicholls (born 13 February 1959) is the lead singer of the progressive rock band IQ. Nicholls left the band briefly in the late 1980s to form the alternative rock band Niadem's Ghost but returned in 1990. He is known for his entertaining if somewhat reticent and eccentric stage presence.

Another interest of Nicholls is painting; he painted the album covers for IQ's second, third and sixth albums, respectively Tales from the Lush Attic, The Wake and Ever, among others.

In the 1980s, Nicholls also worked as an editor and letterer for comics publishers London Editions Magazines.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Peter Nicholls (musician)


text:
Talk:Oak Ridge High School (Montgomery County, Texas)

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Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/tdl-service.com

Links

 * tdl-service.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
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 * Link is not on the whitelist.
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Additions

 * Displayed all 4 additions.


text:
Cell Biology/Cell division/Meiosis

Meiosis is a special type of cell division that is designed to produce gametes. Before meiosis occurs, the cell will be double diploid and have a pair of each chromosome, the same as before mitosis.

Meiosis consists of 2 cell divisions, and results in four cells. The first division is when genetic crossover occurs and the traits on the chromosomes are shuffled. The cell will perform a normal prophase, then enter metaphase during which it begins the crossover, then proceed normally through anaphase and telophase.

The first division produces two normal diploid cells, however the process is not complete. The cell will prepare for another division and enter a second prophase. During the second metaphase, the chromosome pairs are separated so that each new cell will get half the normal genes. The cell division will continue thorough anaphase and telophase, and the nuclei will reassemble. The result of the divisions will be 4 haploid gamete cells.

Crossover
Crossover is the process by which two chromosomes paired up during prophase I of meiosis exchange a distal portion of their DNA. Crossover occurs when two chromosomes, normally two homologous instances of the same chromosome, break and connect to each other's ends. If they break at the same locus, this merely results in an exchange of genes. This is the normal way in which crossover occurs. If they break at different loci, the result is a duplication of genes on one chromosome and a deletion on the other. If they break on opposite sides of the centromere, this results in one chromosome being lost during cell division.

Any pair of homologous chromosomes may be expected to cross over three or four times during meiosis. This aids evolution by increasing independent assortment, and reducing the genetic linkage between genes on the same chromosome.

title: Cell Biology/Cell division/Meiosis


text:
Talk:Collegiate Association of Table Top Gamers

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text:
Jorien

Jorien is a masculine and feminine Dutch given name. Notable people with the name include:
 * Jorien ter Mors (born 1989), Dutch speed skater
 * Jorien van den Herik (born 1943), Dutch businessman
 * Jorien Voorhuis (born 1984), Dutch speed skater
 * Jorien Wuite (born 1964), Sint Maarten politician

title: Jorien


text:
Zapad 1999

Zapad-99 exercise (Запад-99) was a large scale military exercise conducted in June 1999 and its results forced Russia to adapt a new defense concept (Russia's National Security Concept, 2000).

The exercise simulated defense of Russian territory from NATO units, inspired by the recent demonstration of NATO capabilities in Yugoslavia. Politically, Russia wanted to demonstrate its strength to ensure that there would be no foreign intervention during its pacification in the Caucasus region (see Second Chechen War).

The exercise showed that conventional Russian armed forces could not repel a NATO offensive, this in turn increased the Russian tolerance for use of tactical nuclear weapons for "de-escalation".

Apart from nuclear controversy, Zapad-99 also sparked international tensions when US fighters intercepted Russian bombers allegedly in violation of Icelandic and Norwegian airspace.

The exercise begun on June 22, the date of the World War II German invasion of Russia.

title: Zapad 1999


text:
Angels of Death

Angels of Death may refer to:

 * Angels of Death (Hawkwind album), 1986
 * Angels of Death (Jennifer Castle album), 2018
 * Angels of Death (Representativz album), 1999
 * Angels of Death (video game), a Japanese horror adventure game
 * Lainz Angels of Death, four Austrian nurses who confessed to 49 murders between 1983 and 1989
 * Engelen des doods or Angels of Death, a 1998 documentary by Leo de Boer
 * The Angels of Death MC, a fictional biker gang in Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned

title: Angels of Death


text:
Talk:Museum of Maritime Science

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title: Talk:Museum of Maritime Science


text:
Imagined Life

Imagined Life is a podcast produced by Wondery and hosted by Virginia Madsen and Robbie Daymond. The podcast presents biographies of famous people in an unusual format. The first episode premiered on November 4, 2018 and 48 episodes have been produced by the end of the third season. Imagined Life won the 2018 podcast award by online publication Quartz in the categories "Best podcast on the human condition" and "Best new podcast". The podcast will be developed into a TV documentary series by Universal Content Productions.

Format
Each episode tells the life-story of one famous person. The subjects often include entertainers, political leaders, businessmen or sportsmen. An episode begins with a dramatic unresolved moment in the person's life, before going through the biography of the person in chronological order. The life events are presented in a dramatized way with reenactments of conversations.

The defining feature of "Imagined Life" is its second-person narration. Listeners are invited to imagine themselves being the famous person, although the person's identity is not revealed until the end. Identifying characteristics, such as gender, profession or country of origin, are intentionally omitted in the beginning and only gradually revealed among with other "clues" as the episode progresses. The creators describe this format as "second person biographical guessing game". Each episode ends with a reveal of the subject and recommended further reading.

The podcast also produces shorter episodes labeled as "Imagined Life Family" that cater to younger listeners, or for families to listen to together.

title: Imagined Life


text:
Grace Tanda

Bapianga Deogracias "Grace" Tanda (born 29 January 1994) is a Congolese professional footballer. Nicknamed "Grace", Tanda is a proficient striker, possessing great speed, physic and technique in his game.

Early career
Tanda began his club career with Ope IF, in 2011 Tanda transferred to Östersunds FK B team, for which he played in Division 4.In Östersunds FK Second team Tanda scored 12 goals in two seasons. Before the 2014 season, he got sign by the division 2 team IFK Östersund. After only half a season in IFK Östersund with many good performance in the division 2. He was recruited by Östersunds FK in the summer of 2014 to compete in Superettan. Graham Potter and Billy Reid saw that there was a lot of potential in Tanda and wanted him to sign with Östersunds FK.

Östersunds FK
He made his debut in the Superettan on October 25, 2014, in a 2–1 home loss against Assyriska FF, where Tanda was replaced by Luka Peric in the 87th minute. On November 2, 2014, Tanda played his first match from the start and scored his first Superettan goal in a 2-2 match against Ängelholms FF.

Skellefteå FF
In 2016 Tanda was loaned out full season to the division 2 team Skellefteå FF after coming back from a ligament injury. he played 26 games and score 11 and assisted 14. With his eleven goals in division II, Grace Tanda Skellefteå was FF's sharpest goal scorer in 2016.

Motala AIF FF
In 2017, Tanda signed one-year contract with Division II team Motala AIF FF and he scored 10 goals in 24 league games.

BK Forward
On 2018 the former Östersunds FK player got recruited by the division 1 team BK Forward. Tanda played 30 games for the Örebro team and scored 14 goal. He was rumoured to sign with the Superettan team Landskrona Bois summer 2018 after his performance with BK Forward but remained at the club to the end of the season.

Gefle IF
On January 11, 2019 Tanda signed for the ancient club Gefle IF he scored 8 goals in 26 games. after the season

Thanh Hoa Fc
Tanda left Gefle if and signed for the V.league 1 team Thanh Hoa Fc in Vietnam. after only 2 games both parties made an agreement to end the contract after the club had put too much pressure on Tanda.

CLB SHB Da Nang
Source:

In March 2020, he signed for another V.league1 team and this time for the former V.league 1 champions CLB SHB Da Nang.

Grace Tanda has shown a better integration with SHB in Danang. Currently, the Swedish striker has 4 goals and 3 assist in 9 games, with Phan Van Long becoming the two best scorer. Perhaps also because of this, Tanda has caught the eye of some teams in both Asia and Europe.

International career
In summer 2015 made his debut for Congo national football team U23 against France U23 in a friendly match in Centre Technique de la Ligue du Midi-Pyrénées de Castelmourou. a France team in full preparation for the Euro. Congo lost by 2–0. Tanda started the match.

title: Grace Tanda


text:
Syed Mohid Altaf

Syed Mohid Altaf (born 28 July 1978) is an advocate by profession, educationist, politician from Karnataka and former Special representative of the Government of Karnataka to the Union Government.

Political career
Syed Mohid Altaf was influenced by the secular ideology of former Prime Minister of India H. D. Deve Gowda, joined Janata Dal (Secular) in the year 2012. He contested General Assembly election 2013 at Sarvagnanagar Constituency He fought against K J George and was lost the elections. In the year 2013, Mr. Altaf was appointed as the State President of JDS Minority Wing. He was elevated in 2014 as State Youth Working President. In 2017, Mr. Altaf designed Karnataka Vikasa Vahini for Kumara Parva, a Luxury Carvana Election Campaign Bus for upcoming State Assembly Election. Built at a cost of 1 Crore, it became a talking point of JDS Campaign. In the year 2018 Karnataka Pradesh Janata Dal Secular and Congress Party pacted a post-poll alliance andformed the Government.

As Special Rep of Karnataka Government at Delhi
On September 5, 2018, H. D. Kumaraswamy appointed him as the Special representative of the Government of Karnataka to the Union Government as Minister of State Ranking. His appointment did ruffle feathers within the coalition government. However, Mr. Kumaraswamy persisted with Mr. Altaf. In 2019, Mr. Altaf held active role in negotiations with Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee to fight 2019 Indian general election jointly

Mr. Altaf actively engaged with Business Community to bring in FDI into Karnataka.

He resigned in August 2019, after H. D. Kumaraswamy government lost majority in Karnataka.

Subsequently, Mr. Altaf was designated as JDS Spokesperson and presents JDS views to the media.

Educationist
Mr. Altaf runs NA Global Law School, A Law College named after his parents. It was established in 2015.

 * Altaf’s appointment has upset Congress leaders
 * Cong, JD(S) leaders upset as HDK appoints Dr. Syed Mohid Altaf Karnataka’s special representative
 * ON THE OCCATION OF INDEPENDENCE DAY MOHID ALTAF AWARDED MERITORIOUS STUDENTS OF HEBBAL ASSEMBLY

title: Syed Mohid Altaf


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Essential Beauty

The result was delete. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk, contributions) 20:00, 3 October 2017 (UTC)

Essential Beauty

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Articles about non-notable subjects are contrary to Wikipedia's Notability Guidelines. This article is therefore being considered for deletion under Wikipedia's Deletion Policy. Improvid (talk) 09:11, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Companies-related deletion discussions.  M assiveYR   ♠  10:36, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletion discussions.  M assiveYR   ♠  10:36, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
 * Comment Could, the nominator, expand on the reasons for nomination - why is it considered to lack notability? Seventy-three salons is not an inconsiderable number. MartinJones (talk) 14:03, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, North America1000 16:38, 26 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Comment I think that the direction we should look into is whether this page meets the requirements of WP:ORG NerudaPoet (talk) 21:28, 26 September 2017 (UTC)
 * delete fails WP:CORP. mostly routine coverage. LibStar (talk) 13:29, 1 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete No indications of notability, fails GNG. References fail WP:CORPDEPTH and/or WP:ORGIND and fail the criteria for establishing notability. -- HighKing ++ 13:07, 2 October 2017 (UTC)


text:
GCSE Science/Safety in Mains circuits

GCSE Science/Electricity

Mains electricity is potentially dangerous. There are, however, safety features included in plugs. This module looks at how to wire a plug correctly.

The three pin plug
Nowadays most appliances are sold with moulded plugs already fitted. Nevertheless, it is still important to understand the correct wiring of a plug because enough of the old plugs still exist. It is also the case when you bring in equipments overseas. British Standard compliant adaptors are not always available for such non-UK plugs. You are very likely to need to change a plug at some time in your life. In the UK mains electricity is 230 V. (In Hong Kong, it is 220 V.) If you were to touch a live wire a current would flow through your body to the ground. This current may be enough to kill you.

The cable from the appliance usually consist of three wires, an earth and two other wires, live and neutral, which carry the current to and from the power station (live is from the power station and neutral is back to the power station). The wires are made of copper surrounded by an insulation casing. The casing is made of plastic and is coloured:

 * The live wire is brown
 * The neutral wire is blue
 * The earth wire is green and yellow

The three wires are covered by an outer sheath made of plastic.

Q1) Use your knowledge of insulators and conductors to explain
 * Why the wires are insulated.
 * Why the sheaths are made of plastic.

The plug has the following features:
 * A cable grip, to grip the outer sheath of cable and prevent it being pulled out of the plug
 * Three pins made of brass, one of which is the earth pin.
 * A fuse.
 * A case made of plastic.

Q2) Why are the pins made of brass and why is the case plastic?

The live and neutral wires
The live and neutral wires carry the current around the circuit. Mains current is A.C. (alternating current); this means that it is going backward and forwards in cycles (clockwise and anticlockwise around the circuit). The frequency of the cycle is 50 hertz (50 times per second). This cycling of current is achieved by varying the voltage on the line wire from about +325V to – you to the earth. This is where the earth wire is included, for your safety. The earth wire connects the case of the appliance out down the flex to the earth pin on its plug. This connection goes into the socket, then inside the wiring of your house down to the earth through the earthing system (not necessarily plumbing).

If the live wire were to touch the case a huge current would flow through the earth wire. This would probably blow the fuse and break the circuit (see next section). However even if the fuse doesn't blow the current would still prefer to flow through a wire with low resistance than a human body with relatively higher resistance.

Thus the earth wire helps protect you if you touch the case of an appliance that is "live".

The earth pin on a plug is longer than the live and neutral pins. This ensures that the earth pin always connects with the socket first. All sockets have shutters which prevent access to the live contacts when there is no plug in the socket. On some sockets these shutters are operated by the earth pin pushing the shutter mechanism down to uncover the line and neutral socket contacts, on other sockets there is a mechanism which opens the shutters when the two live pins are inserted simultaneously, and on other sockets when all three pins are inserted simultaneously.

The fuse
A fuse is simply a very thin wire. The wire has quite a low melting point. As current flows through the wire it heats up. If too large a current flows, it melts, breaking the circuit. Fuses are used to protect the flexible lead between the plug and the appliance. If too large a current flows through a lead it may overheat or catch fire. Fuses are unlikely to act quickly enough to prevent human electrocution – their main purpose is to prevent fires due to large currents.

Fuses are rated according to how much current they can carry before melting. In plugs fuses are usually 3A (red), 5A (black), or 13A (brown). The correct fuse is the one that matches the current rating of the lead.

All plug fuses must comply to British Standard BS1362. The rating and "BS1362" should be explicitly marked on such fuses.

Q4) A table lamp usually carries a current of 0.5A. What fuse should be put in the plug: 3A, 5A, or 13A?

Q5) An iron usually carries a current of 5.2A. What fuse should be put in the plug: 3A, 5A, or 13A?

Q6) A kettle is protected by an earth wire and a 13A fuse. The line wire comes loose and touches the side of the kettle. The fuse blows. Explain why.

Q7) Explain why the fuse is always located on the line wire and not the neutral wire?

Q8) Describe and Explain what happens in the following scenarios:

 * The earth and live wire switch terminals on the plug
 * The live and neutral wire switch terminals on the plug
 * The neutral and earth wire switch terminals on the plug
 * When the earth wire is removed

Answers | <>

title: GCSE Science/Safety in Mains circuits


text:
Deh Now-e Shur

Deh Now-e Shur (, also Romanized as Deh Now-e Shūr; also known as Dehnow-e Sarbor) is a village in Eshqabad Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 127, in 35 families.

title: Deh Now-e Shur


text:
User:Chander/huggle3.css

enable:true version:3.1.2 build: 2016 3.1.2

speedy-message-title:Speedy deleted report-summary:Added report for $1 prod-message-summary:Notification: Proposed deletion of $1 auto-advance:false auto-whitelist:true username-listed:true admin:true patrol-speedy:true confirm-multiple:false confirm-talk:true confirm-self-revert:true confirm-whitelist:true default-summary:Reverted edits by $1 (talk) to last revision by $2 // this option will change the behaviour of automatic resolution, be carefull revert-auto-multiple-edits:false automatically-resolve-conflicts:false software-rollback:false diff-font-size:10 HistoryLoad:true OnNext:1 DeleteEditsAfterRevert:true SkipToLastEdit:false RemoveOldestQueueEdits:false TruncateEdits:false TalkpageFreshness:20 DisplayTitle:false // Periodically check if you received new messages and display a notification box if you get them CheckTP:false ManualWarning:false // HAN HAN_Html:false HAN_DisplayUserTalk:true HAN_DisplayBots:true HAN_DisplayUser:true QueueID:default // queues queues:

title: User:Chander/huggle3.css


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USA-242

USA-242, also known as GPS IIF-4, GPS IIF SV-5, Navstar-68 and Vega, is an American navigation satellite which was launched on 15 May 2013 and became operational on 21 June 2013. The fourth Block IIF GPS satellite, it forms part of the Global Positioning System.

USA-242 is a 1630 kg spacecraft, built by Boeing with a design life of 15 years. It operates from a semi-synchronous medium Earth orbit, at an altitude of 20459 km an inclination of 55 degrees, in slot 5 of plane C of the GPS constellation. The new satellite was originally intended to replace the seventeen-year-old USA-117 satellite, but currently both USA-117 (SVN-33) and USA-242 (SVN-66) are in active use. USA-242 broadcasts its navigation signals using the PRN-27 signal modulation.

United Launch Alliance conducted the launch of GPS IIF-4, using an Atlas V 401 carrier rocket. Launch took place from Space Launch Complex 41 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, with liftoff occurring at 21:38 UTC on 15 May 2013, the beginning of an 18-minute launch window. The launch marked the first time since 1985 that a GPS satellite had launched on an Atlas rocket, or indeed any rocket other than a Delta.

title: USA-242


text:
Talk:Michael Stillman

Notability
Subject is notable under WP:NACADEMIC point 3, as a fellow of a major scholarly society which reserves fellow status as a highly selective honor (the American Math. Society). I believe that he's also notable for the impact of Macaulay2 (which is anyway why he was selected as fellow), but any one condition from the NACADEMIC list suffices. Russ Woodroofe (talk) 20:37, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Michael Stillman


text:
Top-rated United States television programs of 1960–61

This table displays the top-rated primetime television series of the 1960–61 season as measured by Nielsen Media Research.


text:
User:ControlDeDeramos/sandbox

National Spill Control School Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Texas

The National Spill Control School(NSCS)National Spill Control Schoolwas established to provide training in the prevention, planning, safe and effective handling of oil and hazardous material spills. The NSCS has been providing oil spill response classes since 1977 and Hazmat/waste classes were initiated in 1980. The NSCS is a non-profit educational institution and is a part of Texas A&M University at Corpus Christi Texas A&M University Corpus Christi.

The NSCS has earned an excellent reputation for its training programs over the years since its inception. This was recognized when the NSCS was written into the OIL POLLUTION ACT OF 1990 as a training and research resource for the National Response Team. The School was also recognized in 1998 by the Texas General Land Office "in recognition of … leadership in protecting the environmental quality of Texas coastal waters".

NSCS achievements and recognition have included the following: •	1990 OPA Designation as a Research and Response Resource for the National Response Team (NRT) •	1998 Recognized by Texas for Protecting State’s Waters •	2005 Developed GIS as a Planning and Response Tool •	2007 Recognized by Texas for 30 years of training Emergency Responders

Both the NSCS and TAMU-CC are located on Ward Island Ward_Island_(Texas)in Corpus Christi Bay []. TAMU-CC has a student population of about 10,200 and the NSCS typically trains 500 to 1000 people from government, industry, and academia annually. Spill response training is conducted in a variety of south Texas coastal habitats.

The Port of Corpus Christi (www.portofcorpuschristi.com/) []is the 5th largest port in the US and the deepest on the Gulf coast. There are 17 major refining and petrochemical companies around Corpus Christi Bay. The weather in Corpus Christi is almost always pleasant and sub-tropical. Annual seawater temperature ranges from 50 degrees F in Winter to 89 degrees F in summer. Corpus Christi is a great place to visit, fish, and enjoy the beach; the city and region have strong petro-chemical and shipping industry foundations; and Corpus is the perfect place to for year-round spill response training.

The National Spill Control School has recently expanded training operations and course offerings with new equipment, course titles, specialized courses, and multi-lingual spill response training. In addition, the NSCS has greatly expanded hands-on training capacity through the generous contributions of valuable response equipment by corporate sponsors & benefactors. In 2012 the NSCS expanded oil spill programs with the addition of a new 30 ft. Kvichak Harbor Class Rapid Response Skimmer Vessel (http://www.kvichak.com/marco_hc.htm), a contribution to the NSCS from BP (http://www.bp.com/sectionbodycopy.do?categoryId=41&contentId=7067505). The NSCS also offers deepwater and offshore spill response classes in collaboration with the Marine Spill Response Corporation (http://www.msrc.org/). Other new equipment includes skimmer systems, pumps, computers, marine radios, about 5000 feet of oil spill containment boom, a portable/towable tank, and various other equipment. This contributed equipment allows the NSCS oil spill training programs to be much more relevant and realistic, and also supports the overall preparedness of oil Spill response organizations (OSROs) as they strive to protect the unique marine resources of te South Texas Gulf Coast.

The NSCS courses and schedules are available online at www.nscs.tamucc.edu.

title: User:ControlDeDeramos/sandbox


text:
Poststructuralism

The following works give useful outlines of poststructuralism:
 * Davis, C. After Poststructuralism: Reading, Stories and Theory, Routledge, London, 2004
 * Williams, J, Understanding Poststructuralism, Acumen, Chesham, 2005

The following works give useful outlines of poststructuralism as it relates to education:
 * Martausewicz, R. Seeking Passage: Post-Structuralism, Pedagogy and Ethics, Teachers College
 * Press, Columbia University 2001
 * Peters, M (ed.), Naming the Multiple: Poststructuralism and Education, Bergin and Garvey,
 * Westport, CN, 1998
 * St.Pierre, E & Pillow, W, Working the Ruins: Feminist Poststructural Theory and Methods in
 * Education, Routledge, New York, 2000

The following works give a general overview of poststructuralism and postmodernism from a literary theory perspective:

 * Barry, P. Beginning theory: an introduction to literary and cultural theory. Manchester
 * University Press, Manchester, 2002.
 * Barthes, Roland. Elements of Semiology. New York: Hill and Wang, 1967.
 * Cuddon, J. A. Dictionary of Literary Terms & Literary Theory. London: Penguin, 1998.
 * Eagleton, T. Literary theory: an introduction Basil Blackwell, Oxford,1983.
 * Foucault, Michel. Society Must be Defended. (Trans. David Macey). Bertani, Mauro & Fontana,
 * Alessandro (eds.). Picador, NY 2003.
 * Lévinas, Emmanuel. Humanism of the Other. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2003. p. 11-:12.
 * Ryan, M. Literary theory: a practical introduction Blackwell Publishers Inc,
 * Massachusetts,1999.
 * Wolfreys, J & Baker, W (eds). Literary theories: a case study in critical performance.
 * Macmillan Press, Hong Kong,1996.

Discussion questions and essay ideas

 * How can poststructuralism be defined?
 * What are some practical applications for ideas related to poststructuralism?

title: Poststructuralism


text:
Osman Kocaoğlu

Osman Kocaoğlu (Polat Usmon Khodzhayev; 1878–1968) was the first president (Chairmen of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee) of the former Bukharan People's Soviet Republic. Although his name was romanized as Polat Usman Khodzhayev in Russian, he spent most of his life in Turkey and Osman Kocaoğlu is the name he assumed in Turkey.

Life
He was born 1878. His father was an itinerant dealer and during his youth he travelled with his father around Bukhara. Although his early training was in madrasa, he later on chose modern education. He was under the influence of Jadid and Yaş Bukhara movement (modernists). He founded a school. In 1918 he was one of the leaders of Yaş Bukhara movement. Bukhara Khanate was a vassal state of the Russian Empire. During Russian Revolution Yaş Bukhara movement in which both the nationalists and the Bolsheviks participated, tried to depose Alim Khan. But they were not successful. Following a split in the movement they finally deposed Alim Khan in 1920. On 23 September 1921 Osman Kocaoğlu was elected as the president of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic. But his term was short. He was sent to eastern Bukhara and started to collaborate with the Basmachi movement.

The Bolsheviks became aware of his supporting the Basmachi movement and his term ended on 12 April 1922. He fled Bukhara and in Afghanistan, on behalf of the Bukharan SSR, he signed an agreement with Amanullah Khan and the Emirate of Afghanistan on a joint fight against Bolshevik Russia. In Afghanistan, he tried to buy weapons from various countries for the army of the Bukhara Republic and opponents of the Bolsheviks, and in particular contacted representatives of the British Empire. After a while, he finally emigrated to Afghanistan, and became one of the leaders of emigrants and refugees from the former Emirate of Bukhara and the rest of Central Asia. He travelled to Turkey in 1923.

Later life
According to some accounts during his brief service in Bukhara Republic, he was instrumental in supporting the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1922) financially, using the funds of an historical treasure of the Bukhara. This aid was delivered by the Soviet government. However beginning by his stay in Turkey, he abandoned politics and concentrated on historiography. He wrote in the bulletin Yeni Turkistan ("New Turkestan") published bu Zeki Velidi Togan. During the Second World War he travelled to Poland and Iran. After the war he returned to Turkey and died in 1968.

He was laid to rest in Üsküdar district of Istanbul.

title: Osman Kocaoğlu


text:
User:Mjbt

I'm an engineer who believes that the Wikimedia Projects can create a lot of good in the world by providing a free information resource for learning. These projects and their license are used for making public any information that anyone would like to share with the world for free. I personally believe that this should not be considered a standpoint for all information resources, because the protection and the marketing of hard earned ideas is a very important part of the motivation that drives our economy and human development.

There are some Wikibooks that I am interested in, they are:

 * Technologies for Rural Development (A project I started)
 * Wikijunior How Things Work

title: User:Mjbt


text:
Talk:Macomb, Illinois

Inaccurate Information
"There were 1,876,575 households". I don't think this number is correct.
 * It's a little off. I've restored the original version of this paragraph from the 2000 census.  Rklawton 13:26, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

invalid edits
Removed unsourced information added by an unregistered IP address. I could not find any information to support what was added. --RichardMills65 (talk) 03:05, 6 March 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Macomb, Illinois. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070927000456/http://www.stlouisrams.com/article/48206/ to http://www.stlouisrams.com/article/48206/

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 14:10, 29 August 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Macomb, Illinois. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110723154250/http://mcdonough.ilgenweb.net/settlement/notedvisitors.html to http://mcdonough.ilgenweb.net/settlement/notedvisitors.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:22, 11 January 2018 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Macomb, Illinois
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Macomb, Illinois's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "Census 2010": From Plymouth, Illinois:  From Canton, Illinois:  From Galesburg, Illinois:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 02:55, 3 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Macomb, Illinois


text:
bláthach

Etymology 1
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) buttermilk

Declension

 * Alternative genitive singular:

Etymology 2
From.

Adjective

 * 1) flowery, floral

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) buttermilk

title: bláthach


text:
Data Networking/Fall 2016/Sanket Jabade

Data Networking

Linux Project to implement DNS, DHCP, Web Server, Firewall and Backup
In this webpage we describe our Linux project based on implementation of networking concepts such as DNS, DHCP, Web Server, Firewall and Backup.

Team Members
1) Sanket Jabade 2) Maheshwar Gurav 3) Prajwal Patil 4) Riteshkumar Gupta

Why Linux over other operating systems?
Linux is an open source and free operating system widely used in almost all major Telecommunication and IT companies. Anyone can easily modify the source code and use it according to their needs for different applications.

Introduction
The main aim of this project is to implement networking concepts using Linux. We tried to implement various networking concepts like DNS, DHCP, Web Server, Backup and a Firewall. We have used Ubuntu 16.04 LTS for implementation.

Background
 1) Domain Name System (DNS)  DNS (Domain Name system) is a service similar to a phone-book. It basically translates any host-name to its specific IP address. This service makes it easier for users to access any website via its host-name rather than remembering its IP address. DNS runs over UDP and uses port 53. It uses few additional services along with host-name to IP address translation like host aliasing, mail server aliasing and load distribution.

 2) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)  DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a standardized network protocol that dynamically provides various networking parameters such as IP address, subnet mask, default gateway to any host machine who wants to communicate over a network. It basically works on DORA process i.e. D-Discovery, O-Offer, R-Request and A-Acknowledgement. Step 1: Host machine sends "Discovery" message to request for IP address to all listening DHCP servers. Step 2: Any DHCP server will then "Offer" an IP address from its pool of addresses. Step 3: The host will now "Request" this offered IP address from the DHCP server. Step 4: The DHCP server will finally "Acknowledge" this request and provides the IP address along with other necessary network parameters.

 3) Web Server  A web server is a machine or a program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to process requests from users and provides information in the form of web pages over the Internet or the World Wide Web. The users who request for information are called clients and the machines who respond to this request are called Web Servers. This process is called as a client-server model. There are 4 primary different Web Servers like Apache, IIS, nginx and GWS. We are using Apache web server for project implementation, currently the most popular one in the market.

 4) Backup Web Server  The web server is a machine and it may crash anytime due to various reasons like increase in usage or heavy processes running on it. So it is always better to have a backup of everyday's work in some another machine so that data can be recovered easily. Hence we create a backup server to avoid loss of data.

 5) Firewall  Firewall is a network security system (either hardware or software based) that manages the incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined set of rules. It basically acts as a barrier between a secured internal network and any outside network(either secured or unsecured).

DHCP Server
1. Install DHCP Server

sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server

2. Install the radvd to configure the parameters

sudo apt-get install radvd

3. To configure DHCP modify below files

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces sudo nano /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server sudo nano /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

4. For clients install below package

sudo apt-get install wide-dhcpv6-server

DNS server
Configuring Primary DNS Server 1. Install Bind9

sudo apt-get install bind9 bind9utils bind9-doc

2. Configure caching name server (edit named.conf.options file)

sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf.options

Un-comment the following lines and add below details forwarders { <IP_ADDRESS>;      <IP_ADDRESS>;      };

3. Restart bind9 service

sudo systemctl restart bind9

4. Edit named.conf.local file

sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf.local

Define the forward and reverse file as shown below zone "fouroseven.com" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.fouroseven.com"; allow-transfer { <IP_ADDRESS>; }; also-notify { <IP_ADDRESS>; }; };     zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.192"; allow-transfer { <IP_ADDRESS>; }; also-notify { <IP_ADDRESS>; }; };

5. Create forward zone file

sudo nano /etc/bind/db.fouroseven.com

Add the following lines $TTL 604800 @  IN  SOA     master.fouroseven.com. root.fouroseven.com. (                    10    ;   Serial                 604800    ;   Refresh                 34000     ;   Retry                 241920    ;   Expire                 604800 )  ;   Negative Cache TTL IN          A      <IP_ADDRESS> ; @       IN  NS          master.fouroseven.com. @      IN  NS          slave.fouroseven.com. @      IN  A           <IP_ADDRESS> master IN  A           <IP_ADDRESS> slave  IN  A           <IP_ADDRESS> www    IN  A           <IP_ADDRESS> dee    IN  CNAME       www.fouroseven.com. why    IN  CNAME       www.fouroseven.com. client IN  A           <IP_ADDRESS>

Web Server
1. Install Apache Web Server

sudo apt-get install apache2

2. Restart the web server

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start

3. Modify or create the web page as per requirement

sudo nano /var/www/html/index.html

Firewall
1. Install IP tables Persistent packages

sudo apt-get install -y iptables-persistent 2. Add Net filter persistent startup

sudo invoke-rc.d netfilter-persistent save

3. Stop Netfilter Persistent service

sudo service netfilter-persistent stop

4. Open the rules.v4 file from /etc/iptables and do the following changes

-A INPUT -s <IP_ADDRESS>/<IP_ADDRESS> -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j DROP -A FORWARD -j DROP -A INPUT -j DROP

5. Start netfilter persistent service

sudo service netfilter-persistent start

6. Check status

sudo iptables -L

Backup Server
1. Generate a pair of public keys

sudo ssh-keygen -t rsa 2. Create .ssh on host

ssh @ mkdir -p .ssh

3. Appending the Web server's public key to host

cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh @ 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'

4. Compress the backup

sudo tar –cvpzf /home/webserver/minbkup.tar.gz /var/www/html/ 5. We use crontab to take backup every minute

sudo crontab –e * * * * * sudo tar -cvpzf /home/webserver/minbkup.tar.gz /var/www/html/ * * * * * sudo scp /home/webserver/minbkup.tar @:/path of backup server

Websites
1) https://www.ostechnix.com/install-and-configure-dns-server-ubuntu-16-04-lts/ 2) https://help.ubuntu.com/ 3) https://www.digitalocean.com 4) http://askubuntu.com/questions/

Books
1) Computer Networking- A Top-Down Approach (Fifth Edition)- By James F. Kurose & Keith W. Ross

title: Data Networking/Fall 2016/Sanket Jabade


text:
1938–39 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team

The 1938–39 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team represented the University of Buffalo during the 1938–39 NCAA college men's basketball season. The head coach was Art Powell, coaching his twenty-third season with the Bulls.


text:
Erdene Chuluun

Erdene Chuluun (born 5 October 1971 in Ulaanbataar) is a minimumweight Mongolian boxer who turned pro in 1997.

title: Erdene Chuluun


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Radio

Welcome to the Radio WikiProject. We are a group dedicated to improving Wikipedia's coverage of radio.

Goals

 * The goal of this project is to create, expand, and maintain Wikipedia articles related to radio, including radio propagation and reception, radio programming, radio personalities, the business of radio, and internet radio. The parent project, WikiProject Telecommunications, covers the categories Telecommunications engineering and Telecommunications and their subcategories. The descendant project, WikiProject Radio Stations, covers the creation and maintenance of pages for specific radio stations. WikiProject Amateur radio works with the field of amateur radio, and WikiProject Podcasting handles podcasts.

Scope

 * This project intends to include within its scope the science of radio, radio programming, radio personalities, the business of radio, and internet radio, as well as any other radio-related matters not covered by any existing projects. All of these articles should be included in the Category:Radio.

Guidelines
Please see Manual of Style for information on how to format articles.

Participants
If this project interests you, you are encouraged to Join by adding yourself to the list of participants.

Userbox
All users should feel free to add to their user pages:

Departments

 * List of
 * Assessment - our assessment department.
 * Peer Review - our peer review department.

Task forces

 * UK Radio - UK radio industry and stations task force.
 * Broadcast engineering and technology task force, a part of WikiProject Television.

Portals

 * Portal:Radio

[[Image:Cscr-featured.svg|20px|FA]] Featured articles
Articles on radio-related subjects, which have not necessarily been taken to Featured Status by this WikiProject.
 * Flywheel, Shyster, and Flywheel - a radio show from the 1930s starring Groucho and Chico Marx
 * The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (radio series) - the original sci-fi comedy series that later lead to a series of novels.
 * Mutual Broadcasting System - history of MBS from its founding in 1934 to its demise in 1999

[[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px|GA]] Good articles
The following articles have been recognized as good articles.
 * Digital radio in the United Kingdom – the history and current implementation of digital radio technologies in the United Kingdom.
 * Mark Steel's in Town – a stand-up comedy show on BBC Radio 4.
 * The Museum of Curiosity – a British panel game on BBC Radio 4, acting as a spinoff to the TV series QI.
 * Nebulous – post apocalyptic science fiction comedy on BBC Radio 4.
 * Planet B – a BBC Radio 7 sci-fi drama series.
 * Bigipedia – a BBC Radio 4 sketch show set on a website parodying Wikipedia.

New articles
Please feel free to list your new radio-related articles here (newer articles at the top, please). Any new articles that have an interesting or unusual fact in them should be suggested for the Did you know? box the Main Page.
 * New Sounds (radio program) - Public radio music program.
 * Radio Equipment Directive
 * Autoradio (Belarus) – the independent radio station in Belarus, which started broadcasting after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union.
 * The Fall of the City – first American verse play written for radio
 * ExploreMusic – Canadian music radio show
 * The Lazlow Show – talk radio show on The Virus.
 * Lance Sieveking – early BBC radio drama pioneer
 * 2BD – an early local medium-wave station operated by the BBC in Aberdeen between 1923 and 1929
 * Our Brave Boys – a British comedy set in the Ministry of Defence during Tony Blair's premiership
 * 2018 in radio - a list article about 2018 events in the radio industry

Assessments
For assessment requests, see WikiProject Radio/Assessment

Infoboxes

 * Infobox broadcasting network - Infobox for a radio or television network.
 * Infobox presenter - Infobox for a radio host.
 * Infobox radio show - Infobox for a radio show.
 * Infobox radio station - Infobox for a radio station.

Project banner

 * WikiProject Radio - Project Notice. Place on the talk page of articles related to this project.

Stubs

 * radio-stub - Stub notice for radio articles. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * radio-comm-stub - Stub notice for articles about radio communications. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * Wireless-stub - Stub notice for stub articles about wireless technologies, wireless service providers, and cell phones. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * Amateur-radio-stub - Stub notice for amateur radio articles. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * radio-broadcast-stub - Stub notice for articles about radio broadcasting. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * BBC-radio-stub - Stub notice for BBC articles. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * CBC-stub - Stub notice for CBC articles. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * radio-bio-stub - Stub notice for articles about people in the radio industry. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * Australia-radio-bio-stub - Stub notice for articles about Australian people in the radio industry. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * Canada-radio-bio-stub - Stub notice for articles about Canadian people in the radio industry. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * UK-radio-bio-stub - Stub notice for articles about British people in the radio industry. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * US-radio-bio-stub - Stub notice for articles about United States people in the radio industry. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * radio-show-stub - Stub notice for articles about radio shows or programs. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * Australia-radio-show-stub - Stub notice for articles about Australian radio shows or programs. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * Canada-radio-show-stub - Stub notice for articles about Canadian radio shows or programs. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * UK-radio-show-stub - Stub notice for aticles about UK radio shows or programs. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * US-radio-show-stub - Stub notice for aticles about US radio shows or programs. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about radio stations. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * Africa-radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about African radio stations. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * Namibia-radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about Namibian radio stations. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * SouthAfrica-radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about South African radio stations. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * Asia-radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about Asian radio stations. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * Philippines-radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about Philippine radio stations. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * PRChina-radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about the Peoples Republic of China radio stations. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * India-radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about the Indian radio stations. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * Taiwan-radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about Taiwanese radio stations. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * Oceania-radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about radio stations in Oceania. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * Australia-radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about Australian radio stations. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * NewZealand-radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about New Zealand radio stations. To be Added to the bottom of the article page.
 * Europe-radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about European radio stations. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * UK-radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about radio stations in the United Kingdom. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * NorthAm-radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about North American radio stations. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * Canada-radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about Canadian radio stations. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * There also exist stubs for each province and territory such as BritishColumbia-radio-station-stub.
 * Mexico-radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about Mexican radio stations. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * US-radio-station-stub - Stub notice for articles about radio stations in the United States. To be added to the bottom of the article page.
 * There also exist stub templates for each state, such as NorthCarolina-radio-station-stub.

Note: New stub types will first need to be proposed at WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals.

Userbox

 * User WikiProject Radio - User template. Place on user page to show support for this project.

Categories

 * Category:Antennas (radio)
 * Category:Digital radio
 * Category:Radio
 * Category:Radio electronics
 * Category:Radio formats
 * Category:Radio stubs
 * Category:Radio technology
 * Category:Satellite radio
 * Category:Radio by year

Related WikiProjects

 * WikiProject Professional sound production

Parents

 * WikiProject Entertainment
 * WikiProject Telecommunications

Descendants

 * WikiProject Amateur radio
 * WikiProject BBC Radio
 * WikiProject Podcasting
 * WikiProject Radio Stations

Resources

 * FMSCAN type in your city and you'll get a complete FM/AM frequency list
 * FMLIST FM transmitter database for Europe, North America and some other regions
 * Horzepa, Stan, "Surfin': Who Invented Radio?". Arrl.org. 10 October 2003.
 * IAteacher: Interactive Explanation of Radio Receiver Construction
 * U.S. Supreme Court, "Marconi Wireless Telegraph co. of America v. United States". 320 U.S. 1. Nos. 369, 373. Argued 9 April-12, 1943. Decided 21 June 1943.
 * Radio Locator: Find a radio station in your area
 * 'A Day In Radio' from The University of Virginia's Department of American Studies
 * The Broadcast Archive - Radio History on the Web!
 * George H. Clark Radioana Collection, ca. 1880 - 1950 - Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
 * A gallery of Antiques from the 1920s to the 1960s
 * The 1950s-2000s Week-By-Week - Includes detailed information on pop radio through the decades. Follows the AM top-40 wars, FM stereo Rock, syndication, FM top-40, DJ's and trends.
 * Radio Station World
 * United States Early Radio History
 * Dates in Radio history
 * Radio Promotion - Includes detailed information on radio promotion and a directory of radio stations throughout the United States.
 * Open Directory Project - Radio
 * Australian Radio Stations List
 * Online Resources for Old-Time Radio Research. Any additions to this page will be appreciated, and comments are welcome. Eddie Blick (talk) 14:20, 26 July 2014 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Radio


text:
krém

Noun

 * 1) custard
 * 2) cream oil or fat emulsion to apply to the skin

Etymology
via and.

Noun

 * 1)  cream a jelly-like confection made from whipped cream or milk with egg yolks and various flavourings
 * 2)  cream a thick liquid applied to skin for cosmetic purpose
 * 3)  cream the best part of something
 * 4) cream

title: krém


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Saïd Akl

The result was delete.  Sandstein  19:13, 7 September 2020 (UTC)

Saïd Akl

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Very confusing. This entirely unsourced article is currently disambiguated from Said Akl. The Said Akl described in this article appears to be the father of the Said Akl described in (in French) (appears notable). The Said Akl born 1888 (i.e., the subject of this article) is also mentioned in, but it looks like a namedrop and I don't read German. I can't find anything else about this one, so appears to fail WP:GNG. I suppose this article could be entirely rewritten to be about the Said Akl described in the obit I cited, but that would be a bizarre kind of ATD, wouldn't it? frwiki and arwiki seem only to have articles on the very famous Said Akl. Hopefully someone can help clear this up. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 15:51, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of News media-related deletion discussions. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 15:51, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Lebanon-related deletion discussions. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 15:51, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Salvio 11:24, 23 August 2020 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Tone 18:29, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment. Two sources have been added since I nominated this. An auto-translate of the first gives a sentence or two about Akl; the second does not appear reliable. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 05:11, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete I cannot get the translation to work on the first source; the second source is pointless. Lacking suitable sources, its TNT time. --Whiteguru (talk) 12:54, 7 September 2020 (UTC)


text:
School:Mathematics/Facultative courses

On this page will be listed additional math courses for Wikiversity School of Mathematics, which are not part of the obligatory University program but may be either reasonably added to University program in the future either be taught in a University as useful facultative courses, as well as special courses for particular specializations.

Category theory
Additional courses in the field of category theory:

Category of Endomorphisms (Currently not a part of University program but is thought to be recommended to be added even as an obligatory course for certain specializations.)

Category of Endomorphisms. Endomorphisms of any category are objects of certain categories. This produces a rather elaborate theory, especially in the case if the morphisms of the given category are partially ordered.

Study of these categories is important for specialists in mathematical logic, computer science, abstract algebra, and some other fields of mathematics.

title: School:Mathematics/Facultative courses


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tunku Harun

The result was delete. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk, contributions) 19:00, 25 September 2017 (UTC)

Tunku Harun

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

No indication of notability. Zackmann08 (Talk to me/What I been doing) 16:13, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete - notability is not inherited. Vorbee (talk) 07:44, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete - Fails WP:BIO and WP:GNG. There is a lack of significant coverage in reliable sources. References appear to be short "tabloid"-like articles focused on his wife and their engagement/marriage (WP:NOTINHERITED). A redirect to her page could be possible. — Cactus Writer (talk) 14:25, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * In response to the above comment about references, it should be pointed out that all of the references given for this article are websites. Vorbee (talk) 17:09, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Malaysia-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 21:46, 19 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Paula Prentiss

Birthyear
Was Paula born in 1938 or 1939? Hotwine8 02:40, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Explanation for revert
I reverted Beyond My Ken's edit without explaining why, which was an error. I did so because such detail really doesn't belong in this article; Ann Prentiss exists, and Richard Benjamin perhaps should have some mention (minus Ann Prentiss' death; not relevant). Ylee (talk) 18:47, 17 December 2012 (UTC)

Whose picture is it?
I don't believe that the picture in the article is that of Paula Prentiss. My only reason for saying so is that it doesn't look anything like Paula Prentiss, who is much better looking.Grammarspellchecker (talk) 00:06, 1 January 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Paula Prentiss


text:
User:Riyagharat09

Name:Riya Gharat DOB:9th December 2001 Place of birth:Panvel City:Ulhasnagar State:Maharashtra Country:IndiaBold text

title: User:Riyagharat09