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Wolfgang Partsch

Wolfgang Partsch (born August 29, 1945) is an Austrian pioneer in the domain of supply chain management (SCM). As an author of various standard works he gained wide international recognition.

Education and career
Wolfgang Partsch was awarded PhD in physics in 1970 by the University of Vienna with a thesis on the exploration of natural resources. In 1979, the German monthly business magazine “Manager Magazin” published an article where Partsch described a supply chain concept explaining that efficiency could be achieved considering the interdependency among all areas of a company. Subsequently, he joined Booz Allen & Hamilton and was part of the team that, led by Keith Oliver, developed the first official Supply Chain concept and coined the term. By that time, Partsch was the leading manager in a Supply Chain implementation project for Landis+Gyr in Switzerland. The results of this project were published in Germany's leading economic magazine “WirtschaftsWoche", being the first time that an implemented project case under the term “Supply Chain Management” appeared in print in a newspaper as has been recognized by the CSCMP.

In 1983 he founded the first company worldwide specialized in SCM. In the following years he has held various consulting roles for international companies like Volkswagen, Aventis, Nestle and Coca-Cola.

During the 80s and 90s he became a person of reference in the Supply Chain Management arena mainly in German speaking countries. From 1995 to 1999 he led the Supply Chain Consulting practice of Ernst & Young as Chairman of the Global Supply Chain Network.

Since 2000 he has been active as a senior executive and trusted advisor for the boards of global industrial and trading companies. His experience is also used by some Supply Chain Consulting firms including mSE Solutions.

title: Wolfgang Partsch


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User:BrokenSegue

I am an administrator on the english wikipedia. If you must contact me quickly see me here.

Also can find me at...

 * English Wikipedia
 * Commons
 * Simple English
 * Wikiquote
 * Wiktionary
 * Meta

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:BrokenSegue


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holländisch

Adjective

 * 1)  of Holland region; Hollandish
 * 2)  Dutch, of the Netherlands country

Usage notes
See for notes on usage in formal and common language.

title: holländisch


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Talk:ICFAI Business School Hyderabad

Contested deletion
This page is not unambiguously promotional, because I feel that it just states the facts about the school, and only the facts that are supported by published sources that are also cited. Moreover, the page is about a prominent higher education institution and so is of reference value to many readers. So, if any concerns are there they can be remedied (removing non-NPOV material, if any) by other editors, rather than speedily deleting it. Requesting removal of the tag. Thanks. --Stim07 (talk) 03:09, 13 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:ICFAI Business School Hyderabad


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New Zealand Pilot License/Air Law/Commercial

Subject 16

Aviation Legislation
Describe the requirements to hold an aviation document, as laid down in CA Act 1990 S7.

Describe the criteria for the fit and proper person test, as laid down in CA Act 1990 S10.

Describe the duties of the pilot-in-command, as laid down in CA Act 1990 S13 and 13A.

Describe the responsibilities of a licence holder with respect to changes in their medical condition, as laid down in CA Act 1990 S27.

Describe the responsibilities of a licence holder with respect to the surrender of a medical certificate as laid down in CA Act 1990 S27.

Describe the responsibilities of a licence holder with respect to safety offences, as laid down in CA Act 1990 S43 and 44.

Definitions
CAR Part 1(unless otherwise noted)

State the definition of:

(a) accelerate-stop distance available;

(b) accident;

(c) Act;

(d) aerobatic flight;

(e) aerodrome control service;

(f) aerodrome operational area;

(g) aerodrome traffic circuit;

(h) aerodrome traffic zone (ATZ);

(i) aeronautical information circular;

(j) aeronautical information publications (AIP);

(k) AIP supplement;

(l) aircraft category;

(m) air traffic control (ATC) service;

(n) air transport operation;

(o) air operation;

(p) airworthiness certificate;

(q) airworthiness directive;

(r) airworthy condition;

(s) alerting service;

(t) altitude;

(u) area control;

(v) ATC clearance;

(w) ATC instruction;

(x) aviation event;

(y) AWIB service;

(z) ceiling;

(aa) certificated organisation;

(bb) class 3(a) fuel;

(cc) class 3(b) fuel;

(dd) clearance limit;

(ee) clearway;

(ff) command practice;

(gg) commercial transport operation;

(hh) controlled airspace;

(ii) controlled flight;

(jj) cost sharing flight;

(kk) co-pilot;

(ll) crew member;

(mm) cross-country flight;

(nn) dangerous goods;

(oo) day;

(pp) dual flight time;

(qq) final reserve fuel;

(rr) fit and proper person;

(ss) flight examiner;

(tt) flight attendant;

(uu) flight crew member;

(vv) flight information service;

(ww) flight level;

(xx) flight manual;

(yy) flight plan;

(zz) flight time;

(aaa) height;

(bbb) incident;

(ccc) instrument meteorological conditions;

(ddd) landing distance available;

(eee) night;

(fff) NOTAM;

(ggg) passenger;

(hhh) pilot-in-command;

(iii) rating;

(jjj) regular air transport passenger service;

(kkk) serious incident;

(lll) SARTIME;

(mmm) SEIFR passenger operation;

(nnn) takeoff distance available;

(ooo) takeoff run available;

(ppp) takeoff weight;

(qqq) type;

(rrr)Technical Instructions;

(sss) Threshold; (CAR 121.3)

(ttt) unlawful interference;

(uuu) UNICOM service;

(vvv) VFR flight;

(www) visibility;

(xxx) visual meteorological conditions.

Abbreviations
CAR Part 1(unless otherwise noted)

State the meaning of the following abbreviations:

(a) AD;

(b) ADF;

(c) AGL;

(d) AIREP; (AIP GEN)

(e) AMSL;

(f) ATIS;

(g) CAR;

(h) DME

(i) ELT;

(j) GNSS; (19.203)

(k) HUMS;

(l) QFE;

(m) QNH;

(n) VOR.

Personnel Licensing
Requirements for Licences and Ratings

State the requirements for holding a pilot licence. CAR 61

State the requirements for a pilot-in-command to hold a type rating on the type of aircraft being flown. CAR 61

State the restrictions associated with abuse of substances. CAR 61

State the requirements for entering flight details into a pilot logbook. CAR 61

Eligibility, Privileges and Limitations
Describe the allowance for a person who does not hold a current pilot licence to fly dual with a flying instructor. CAR 61

State the solo flight requirements on a person who does not hold a current pilot licence. CAR 61

State the limitations on a person who does not hold a current pilot licence.CAR 61

State the eligibility requirements for the issue of a commercial pilot licence. CAR 61

State the privileges of holding a commercial pilot licence. CAR 61

State the limitations on the holder of a commercial pilot licence. CAR 61

Competency, Currency and Recency
State the recent experience requirements of a pilot-in-command, by day and by night, who is the holder of a commercial pilot licence. CAR 61

State the requirements for the completion of a biennial flight review. CAR 61

Explain the use of a lower licence or rating. CAR 61

State the period within which a pilot-in-command of an aircraft engaged on an air operation under CAR Part 135 must have passed a check of route and aerodrome proficiency.

State the period within which a pilot, acting as a flight crew member of an aircraft engaged on a CAR Part 135 air operation under VFR, must have passed a check of normal, abnormal and emergency procedures in the same aircraft type.

State the period within which a pilot of an aircraft engaged on an air operation under CAR Part 135 must have completed a written or oral test of their knowledge in aircraft systems, performance and operating procedures.

State the CAR Part 135 crew member grace provisions.

Medical Requirements
State the requirements for holding a medical certificate. CAR 61

State the requirements on a person applying for a medical certificate. CAR 67

State the requirements for maintaining medical fitness following the issue of a medical certificate. CA Act 1990 S27C

State the normal currency period of the Class 1 medical certificate for a CPL holder who is under the age of 40. CAR 67

State the normal currency period of the Class 1 medical certificate for a CPL holder who is 40 years of age or more on the date that the certificate is issued. CAR 67

State the extended currency period of the Class 1 medical certificate for a CPL holder who is 40 years of age or more. CAR 67

State the limitations to an extended currency period of the Class 1 medical certificate for a CPL holder who is 40 years of age or more. CAR 67 Airworthiness of Aircraft and Aircraft Equipment

Documentation
State the documents which must be carried in aircraft operated in New Zealand. CAR 91

Aircraft Maintenance
Describe the maintenance requirements of an aircraft operator. CAR 91

State the requirement for annual and 100 hour inspections. CAR 91

State the requirement for an annual review of airworthiness. CAR 91

State the requirements for maintenance records. CAR 91

State the requirements for the retention of maintenance records. CAR 91

State the requirements for and contents of a technical log. CAR 91

State the requirements for entering defects into a technical log. CAR 91

State the requirements for clearing defects from a technical log. CAR 91

State the limitations and requirements on a person undertaking ‘pilot maintenance’. CAR 43

State the requirements for conducting a maintenance test flight on an

aircraft without a current airworthiness certificate. CAR 91

State the requirements for acting as a test pilot. CAR 19

State the inspection period for radios. CAR 91

State the inspection period for altimeters. CAR 91

State the inspection period for transponders. CAR 91

State the inspection period for the ELT. CAR 91

Instruments and Avionics
State the minimum instrument requirements for a day VFR flight. CAR 91

State the minimum instrument requirements for a night VFR flight. CAR 91

State the radio equipment requirements for a VFR flight. CAR 91

State the communications and navigation equipment requirements for a VFR over water flight. CAR 91

Equipment
State the equipment requirements for a night VFR flight. CAR 91

State the equipment requirements for flight over water. CAR 91 & 135

State the requirements for indicating the time in flight. CAR 91

State the requirements for emergency equipment. CAR 91 & 135

State the requirements for night flight. CAR 91

State the CAR Part 135 requirements for night flight.

State the CAR Part 135 requirements for a cockpit voice recorder.

State the CAR Part 135 requirements for a flight data recorder.

State the CAR Part 135 requirements for an additional altitude indicator.

State the requirements for an ELT. CAR 91 General Operating and Flight Rules

General Operating Requirements
Describe the requirements of passengers to comply with instructions and commands. CAR 91

Explain the requirements for maintaining daily flight records. CAR 91

Explain the requirements for the carriage of flight attendants. CAR 91

State the requirements for operating an aircraft in simulated instrument flight. CAR 91

State the requirements of a pilot-in-command with respect to the safe operation of an aircraft. CAR 91

Describe the authority of the pilot-in-command. CAR 91

State the requirements for crew occupation of seats and wearing safety belts. CAR 91

State the requirements for the occupation of seats and wearing of restraints. CAR 91

State the requirements for the use of oxygen equipment. CAR 91

State the requirements for briefing passengers prior to flight. CAR 91

State the requirements for familiarity with operating limitations and emergency equipment. CAR 91

State the requirements for carrying appropriate aeronautical publications and charts in flight. CAR 91

State the requirements for operating on and in the vicinity of an aerodrome. CAR 91

Describe the standard overhead rejoin procedure, and state when it should be used. AIP AD

State the right of way rules. CAR 91

Explain the requirement for aircraft lighting. CAR 91

State the requirements for the pilot of an aircraft, being flown for the purpose of demonstrating eligibility for the issue of an airworthiness certificate. CAR 91

State the requirements for wearing/holding identity documentation in certain areas. CAR 19

General Operating Restrictions
State the restrictions on smoking in an aircraft. CA Act 1990 S65N

State the restrictions on the use of portable electronic devices in flight. CAR 91

State the restrictions on the carriage and discharge of firearms on aircraft.

Explain the restrictions on stowage of carry-on baggage. CAR 91

Explain the restrictions on the carriage of cargo. CAR 91

State the restrictions applicable to aircraft flying near other aircraft. CAR 91

State the restrictions on the dropping of objects from an aircraft in flight. CAR 91

State the speed limitation on aircraft operating under VFR. CAR 91

State the minimum heights for VFR flights under CAR Part 91.

State the restrictions when operating VFR in icing conditions. CAR 91

State the restrictions applicable to operating an aircraft in aerobatic flight. CAR 91

State the restrictions applicable to parachute-drop operations. CAR 91

State the restrictions applicable to aircraft towing gliders. CAR 91

State the restrictions applicable to aircraft towing objects other than gliders. CAR 91

State the restrictions on intoxicating liquor and drugs. CAR 91 & 19

State the restrictions on aircraft noise and engine emission standards. CAR 91

State the restrictions on aircraft sonic booms. CAR 91

General Meteorological Requirements and Restrictions
State the met minima for VFR flight in various airspace. CAR 91

State the restrictions and met minima for Special VFR flight. CAR 91

Air Operations
Air Operations Crew Requirements

State the CAR Part 135 crew qualification and experience requirements.

State the CAR Part 135 flight and duty time limitations on flight crew members.

State the normal minimum rest period required following any duty period. AC119-2

State the maximum number of flight hours that a pilot may fly as crew in an aircraft which carries two pilots on an internal air operation. AC119-2

Air Operations Requirements and Restrictions
State the airworthiness requirements for aircraft used on air operations. CAR 135

State the CAR Part 135 minimum heights for VFR flights.

State the CAR Part 135 operating restriction on single-engine air operations under IFR (SEIFR).

State the restrictions on the carriage of firearms on an aeroplane on an air operation. CAR 91

State the requirement to keep a daily flight record. CAR 135

State the CAR Part 135 requirement for a maintenance review.

State the CAR Part 135 requirement for passenger safety and the carriage of certain passengers.

State the CAR Part 135 restrictions when refuelling.

State the CAR Part 135 restrictions on the manipulation of an aircraft’s controls.

State the CAR Part 135 requirement for helicopter operations over congested areas. (Helicopter candidates only)

State the restrictions on helicopter sling loads on an air operation. CAR 135 (Helicopter candidates only)

Air Operations Meteorological Requirements and Restrictions
State the CAR Part 135 meteorological conditions and requirements for an air operation under VFR.

State the CAR Part 135 meteorological conditions and requirements for an air operation under IFR.

State the CAR Part 135 aerodrome operating minima - IFR flight.

State the CAR Part 135 IFR departure limitations.

State the CAR Part 135 requirements for reduced take-off minima.

State the CAR Part 135 restrictions for IFR procedures.

Air Operations Performance Requirements
State the CAR Part 135 performance requirements for takeoff distance.

State the CAR Part 135 performance requirements for clearing obstacles

within the net take-off flight path.

State the CAR Part 135 performance requirements for landing distance.

State the CAR Part 135 performance requirements for landing on wet and contaminated runways.

State the meaning of a performance-class 1 helicopter. CAR Part 1 (Helicopter candidates only)

Flight Planning and Preparation
Flight Preparation

Explain the requirements for the obtaining and considering relevant information prior to flight. CAR 91

Describe the publications and their content that provide operational route and aerodrome information.

Derive operational information from charts and publications that provide route and aerodrome information.

Fuel Requirements

State the fuel reserve required for a day VFR flight. CAR 91

State the fuel reserve required for a night VFR flight. CAR 91

Flight Plans

State the CAR Part 135 requirements for the filing of a flight plan.

State the requirements for the notification of changes to the filed flight plan. CAR 91

State the requirements for terminating a flight plan. CAR 91

State the time search and rescue action would be initiated if a flight plan is not terminated. AIP ENR

Enroute Limitations
State the CAR Part 135 enroute limitations for two engine aeroplanes. Air Traffic Services

Communications
Derive from operational publications, the required radio frequency for communicating with specified ATC units.

Explain the use of aircraft radiotelephony callsigns. CAR 91

State the requirements for making position reports to an ATS unit. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the content of a VFR position report. AIP ENR

State the purpose of Universal Communications Services (UNICOM). AIP GEN

State the purpose of an Aerodrome Frequency Response Unit (AFRU). AIP GEN

State the purpose of Aerodrome and Weather Information Broadcasts (AWIB). AIP GEN

State the meaning of the various light signals from a control tower. CAR 91 & AIP AD

State the communications requirements when TIBA procedures are in force. AIP ENR

Clearances
State the requirements for complying with ATC clearances and instructions. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the requirements for coordinating with an aerodrome flight information service. CAR 91

State the requirements for receiving an ATC clearance prior to entering various types of airspace, and ground manoeuvring area. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the requirements for receiving an ATC clearance prior to re-entering controlled airspace. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

Separation
Describe the method of passing traffic information using the clock code.

Describe the situations where Air Traffic Control is responsible for the provision of separation between VFR, SVFR and IFR traffic. AIP ENR

Describe the situations where the pilot-in-command is responsible for maintaining separation from other traffic. AIP ENR

Describe the normal separation standards applied by ATC. AIP ENR

Describe the situations where the normal separation may be reduced. AIP ENR

State the wake turbulence separation requirements for light aircraft in non- radar environment. AIP AD

Radar Services
Describe the radar services available to VFR flights. AIP ENR

Global Navigation Satellite System

State the equipment required by aircraft within the New Zealand flight information region, using GPS as a primary means navigation system. CAR 19

State the actions required of pilots, using GPS equipment as a primary means navigation system, if system degradation occurs. CAR 19

Airspace; Aerodromes; and Heliports
Altimetry

Explain the altimeter setting requirements for flight under VFR. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the altimeter setting to use when QNH is not available prior to takeoff. AIP ENR

Describe QNH zones and state when zone QNH should be used. AIP ENR

Describe the transition altitude, layer and level. AIP ENR

Cruising Levels

State the altitude requirements when cruising VFR within the New Zealand Domestic FIR. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

Describe situations where ATC may assign cruising altitudes not in accordance with the VFR table of cruising altitudes. AIP ENR

Transponders

State the requirements for the operation of transponders within the New Zealand Domestic FIR. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

Describe the procedures required of pilots operating transponders. AIP ENR

State the requirements and limitations on an aircraft operating under VFR in transponder mandatory airspace without an operating transponder. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

Airspace

State the rules pertaining to operating VFR in the various classes of airspace. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

Describe the vertical limits and purpose of control zones (CTR). CAR 71

Describe the vertical limits and purpose of control areas (CTA). CAR 71

State the status and conditions relating to flight in VFR transit lanes. AIP ENR

Describe the status and purpose of a general aviation area (GAA). CAR 91 & AIP ENR

Describe control zone sectors. CAR 71

Describe visual reporting points.

Describe the status of controlled airspace when ATC go off duty. AIP GEN

State the restrictions on operating an aircraft in a restricted area. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the restrictions on operating an aircraft in a military operating area (MOA). CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the restrictions and operating considerations relating to operating an aircraft in a mandatory broadcast zone (MBZ). CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the restrictions and operating considerations relating to operating an aircraft in a volcanic hazard zone (VHZ). CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the restrictions and operating considerations relating to operating an aircraft in a danger area. CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the restrictions and operating considerations relating to operating an aircraft in a designated low flying zone (LFZ). CAR 91 & AIP ENR

State the restrictions and operating considerations relating to operating an aircraft in VFR special procedures areas (SPA). AIP ENR

State the operating considerations relating to operating an aircraft over or close to temporary hazards/airspace. AIP ENR

Interpret airspace information on aeronautical charts.

Aerodromes and Heliports

Describe the limitations on the use of a place as an aerodrome or heliport. CAR 91

Describe the method of runway designation. AIP AD

Describe the movement area of an aerodrome. CAR 1

Describe the meaning of the various aerodrome ground signals.

Interpret information on aerodrome/heliport charts. AIP GEN & AIP Volume 4

Carriage of Dangerous Goods
State the definition of Class 1 dangerous goods, as laid down in CAR Part 92.

State the definition of Class 2 dangerous goods, as laid down in CAR Part 92.

State the definition of Class 3 dangerous goods, as laid down in CAR Part 92.

Describe the limitation of CAR Part 92 with respect to members of the Police.

Describe the allowance for the carriage of dangerous good for the recreational use of passengers. CAR 92

State the restriction for the carriage of dangerous goods in an aircraft cabin occupied by passengers, or on the flight deck of an aircraft. CAR 92

State the requirements for the carriage of non-dangerous goods in an aircraft. CAR 92

State the requirement for the notification of the pilot-in-command when dangerous goods are carried. CAR 92

State the requirement for a dangerous goods training programme. CAR 92

State the dangerous goods recurrent training programme requirements. CAR 92

Emergencies; Incidents; and Accidents
Responsibilities of Operators and Pilots

State the requirement for the notification of accidents. CAR 12

State the requirement for the notification of incidents. CAR 12

State the extent to which a pilot may deviate from the CA Act or rules in an emergency situation. CA Act 1990 S13A (2)

State the pilot action required following deviation from the CA Act or rules in an emergency situation. CA Act 1990 S13A (6)

Communications and Equipment
State the transponder code a pilot should set to indicate an emergency condition. AIP ENR

State the transponder code a pilot should set to indicate a loss of communications. AIP ENR

State the transponder code a pilot should set to indicate that the aircraft is being subjected to unlawful interference. AIP ENR

Describe the means by which ATC will verify the transmission of an emergency SSR transponder code. AIP ENR

Describe the use of the speechless technique using unmodulated transmissions. AIP ENR

Describe and interpret ground-air visual signal codes. AIP GEN

Describe the procedures for directing a surface craft to a distress incident. AIP GEN

State the procedures for the emergency activation of an ELT. AIP GEN

State the pilot action required following the inadvertent transmission of an ELT. AIP GEN

State the requirements for the operational testing of an ELT. AIP GEN

State the procedures to be followed on receiving an ELT signal. AIP GEN


text:
Category:Los Angeles Aqueduct

 * The Los Angeles Aqueduct, or Owens Valley Aqueduct — transporting water from the Eastern Sierra Nevada to Los Angeles, California.

title: Category:Los Angeles Aqueduct


text:
Wikipedia studies

Welcome to the Wikiversity content development project for Wikipedia Studies.

How does Wikipedia work? How did it grow out of the Nupedia project? Where is it heading? What can younger wikis learn from Wikipedia?

Learning projects

 * Wikipedia - list of learning materials
 * Wikipedia Wikiprojects - models for collaborative wiki editing
 * Wikipedia culture - sociological studies of Wikipedia
 * Discussions on Wikipedia - studies on how different points of view are dealt with
 * Wikipedia administrators
 * NPOV
 * Fundraising - should advertisements be used to raise money?
 * Ethical Management of the English Language Wikipedia

External resources

 * History of Wikipedia - article at Wikipedia
 * help wiki

title: Wikipedia studies


text:
User:Wiki2.3.0/sandbox

Zariah Rodriguez, (Zariah Elise Rodriguez), Was born November 21, 2005. Her family's native to Puerto Rico. Her grandparents, came to the United Sates of America a young ages. She was born in Chicago,Illinois.

She switched school constantly at a young age. She now attends an elementary school in a suburb of Chicago. One of her favorite hobbies is gymnastics. She attends American Turners for her classes there. Her astrological sign is a Scorpio.

The origin of her name came from the Hebrew Bible (-Abednego, the contemporary name given to Azariah, who is the accomplice of Hananiah, Daniel, and Mishael in the Book of Daniel: Daniel 1:6-7). She is a Christian and had her baptism at City Church of Chicago at the age of 8-9 years old. She was baptized with her god-mother; or madrina

She's interested in learning the languages both Greek and Arabic. It's reported she knows the basics in both languages. she knows both Spanish and English, and is of Hispanic decent.

title: User:Wiki2.3.0/sandbox


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Commerce (1815 ship)

Commerce was a Connecticut-based American merchant sailing ship that ran aground on 28 August 1815 at Cape Bojador, off the coast of Morocco. Far more famous than the ship itself is the story of the crew who survived the shipwreck, who went on to become slaves of local tribes who captured them.

Commerce, sailing from Gibraltar to Cape Verde Islands, was under the command of American Captain James Riley and crewed by 11 others. Most were Americans. After sailing for several days in dense fog, the ship ran aground on a reef near Cape Bojador. After being attacked and ransacked on shore by Sahrawi natives, who killed one of the seamen in cold blood, the crew returned to their rowboat and attempted to reach the Cape Verde Islands or hoped to meet another passing ship. This proved impossible, as their meager provisions were running out, and they decided to return to shore and take their chances with the local tribes. Landing some 300 miles further south down the coast, near Cape Barbas, less than one hundred miles north of Cape Blanco, they were taken captive by nomads of the Oulad Bou Sbaa tribe. The survivors were eventually rescued thanks to James Simpson, the American consul at Tangier, and William Willshire, British Vice Consul to Mogadore (Essaouira), Morocco. Morocco had been the first country to recognize the United States and attempted to maintain generally friendly relations despite the behavior of corsairs and raiders within their borders.

The survivors' story of extreme dehydration, severe starvation, and ever-present brutality while roaming the Sahara desert with their captors became a published story, first in the 1820s in retelling by Captain Riley himself, then by Archibald Robbins, a member of his crew, and then in the 2004 account Skeletons on the Zahara: A True Story of Survival by American writer Dean H. King. The original Authentic Narrative of the Loss of the American Brig Commerce by the "Late Master and Supercargo James Riley is quoted by Abraham Lincoln as one of the six most influential books he read in his youth and was republished as Sufferings in Africa.

title: Commerce (1815 ship)


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Josef Humplik

Josef Humplik (17 August 1888 – 5 April 1958) was an Austrian sculptor. His work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

From 1921 onwards, Humplik was married to the poet and artist Hildegard Jone.

title: Josef Humplik


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User:Msarikah/sandbox

Derek McLachlin
Derek McLachlin is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Western Ontario (UWO). He has held this position since 2012. In addition, McLachlan serves as the undergraduate program chair for biochemistry students, helping to resolve administrative or course-related issues.

Education
McLachlin completed a Bachelor of Science degree in biochemistry at McMaster University in 1996. He then completed a Doctor of Philosophy degree in biochemistry at UWO in 2000. Following his graduate studies, McLachlin completed a two-year post-doctoral fellowship at Rockefeller University, analyzing protein phosphorylation using various scientific methods, such as mass spectrometry and protein purification.

Research Interests
McLachlin’s research interests are biochemistry in general and escherichia coli and ATP synthase in particular. These topics interested McLachlin because they are key regulatory mechanisms, which fit his background knowledge in protein chemistry and physical chemistry.

Academic Responsibilities
McLachlin primarily teaches undergraduate biochemistry courses, including “Biochemistry and Molecular Biology”, “Biochemical Regulation”, and “Biochemistry Laboratory”. Students pursuing honours degrees in biochemistry or biology generally take these core courses. McLachlin also teaches a graduate-level biochemistry course: “Ideas to Innovation”.

Other Contributions
McLachlin heads the UWO Biochemistry Volunteer Project, a charitable program that provides prepared meals to disadvantaged communities in London, Ontario and the surrounding area. Individuals affiliated with Western’s Department of Biochemistry, including students, faculty, and family members, organize and operate the program.

McLachlin has also written and performed various Biochemistry-related songs, such as “The Histone Song," “I’ll Repair for You," and “I Love Ketone Bodies".

title: User:Msarikah/sandbox


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Overview of Theology/Transatheism

Overview
Transatheism is a branch of atheism that acknowledges the commonality of superstitions around the world and their usefulness in human psychological well being, self awareness, and motivation for the individual.

Transatheism down-plays the usefulness of religion, beyond its transitory and sometimes revolutionary social side effects and religions use of alliances to create local social cohesion. Personal explorations directed toward understanding the true biological, physiological and psychochemical responses associated with the historical methodologies of spirituality are favoured over traditional mysticism. Transatheism further explains the overwhelming prevalence of mythology and superstition among humankind by noting the common physiological processes inherent in the human species as a whole. Hence the presence of 'God' or deities in transatheism is not thought of in terms of religion but in terms of existing and measurable biochemical mechanisms linked to the processes of the various methods of spirituality and the response of the human organism to those. Individual perceptions of supernatural beings tend to reflect the subconcious ego of the individual. These perceptions tend to be further moulded by structural social mores and doctrine.

Personal spirituality is promoted and encouraged by transatheists as a means of developing the stimulus-response mechanisms of the brain associated with such practices. Exactly what techniques the individual uses to attain spiritual stimulation are left to the individual. It is the net holistic result that is considered most important in the development of a balanced human psyche.

Religion in transatheism is categorised with clan or tribal behaviours and hierarchal social organisation. These are not considered part of spirituality but rather mere social alliances based on common social and physical practice, possibly resulting in spiritual stimulation.

How to Make Yourself Happy
The complete body is a connected organism. Nothing can happen to one part of the body without affecting another part of the body. The facial muscles are directly connected to the emotional centres of the brain. Changing your facial muscles changes your brain chemistry.

To modify ones personal feeling of well being one can hold a smile for a period of several minutes. Practicing this two or three times throughout the day may improve ones long term sense of well being. Select a quiet spot away from distractions and disruptions to practice smiling. Smile for a few minutes just before sleep to improve restfulness. Smile in the morning for a few minutes after waking to set the emotional tone for the day.

Human beings are social organisms. Volunteer or join a club or community group to meet people with similar interests. Concentrate on developing long term friends for chatting. Listen to what others have experienced and how they feel. Listening to others stimulates the brain and can provide experiential information and perspective.

How to Calm Anxiety
The brain perceives a fake laugh in the same way as it perceives a real laugh. Use laughter to combat anxiety. When anxiety begins to appear, force a big fake laugh. Repeat this for several minutes, or if inspired use real laughter.

Use daily physical exercise to calm anxiety. Cardiovascular exercise stimulates endorphens, and can help balance other hormones in the body and brain. Physical exercise also reduces excess glycogen in the body and stimulates the internal organs which is beneficial for the brain. Smiling while exercising may provide additional benefits.

Reduce exposure to visual strobes such as television, and computers. High frequency strobing lights may have effects on natural brain wave rythmns.

Get a change of scenery and learn new things. Stimulating your brain to think of other things by learning or helping out in the community may help to break the biochemical cycle of anxiety.

Contemplate, appreciate, and verbalize the goodness of others, the world and yourself. This can be perceived or performed as praying or singing if one lacks a learned mental reference for contemplation.

title: Overview of Theology/Transatheism


text:
Talk:Leucostoma aterrimum

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
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Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 13:46, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Leucostoma aterrimum


text:
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Humanities/2020 August 10

= August 10 =

Nordic perfection?
Recently, after quite some thorough, profound investigation in what have until lately been regarded as universally applicable aesthetic and beauty standards (cf. e. g. here) – and particularly those within the scope of modern-day Western culture –, and pertaining comparative studying of faces generally to be deemed highly attractive in the universal context as well as within the aforesaid specific cultural sphere, I have come to a conclusion I had already assumed / suspected long beforehand (– and in this I may be very much mistaken!):

In my "final" and – please do believe me! – very carefully considered judgement, it has come to my attention that faces displaying what are considered to be Nordic (or partly also referred to as Nordid) features appear to meet crucial aesthetic concepts – such as facial symmetry, and the "classic modern canon" of facially attractive traits (such as well-proportioned, relatively high-built facial structure, straight and narrow nose, prominent chin (especially in men), well-defined jawline, high cheekbones, rather upright, evenly curved forehead, [meso]dolichocephaly – to a degree and rate otherwise possibly unparalleled or apparently – if at all on a comparable scale – only met by a significantly smaller rate in any other Caucasian phenotype that can be legitimately subsumed to a certain set of determinable ethnically characteristic, recurrent physical properties (e. g. perhaps Mediterranids, which are, however, said to have once migrated towards norther Europe and thus might have influenced the Nordic phenotype). (With good reason, I explicitly do not want to apply the obsolete and – also apart from that – highly controversial, strongly (and rightly so!) contested term "race" per se here.)

As an example in terms of the mentioned criterion of degree (meaning an extraordinary quality of fulfilling aesthetical standards), I would like to present this photograph. Warning: This image might be considered NSFW – although it, in fact, "only" shows a male face. (Also, I beg to apologize for the fact that the image is taken from an image stock repository, and I was not able to find a version without the annoying web-page labelling.)

I was uncapable of finding an image of a non-Nordic Caucasian person – i. e. one of at least both dark [brown or black] eye and hair color – with facial features (apart from fair eye and hair color) as virtually "flawless", that is as stunningly symmetrical, well-proportioned, clearly and finely chiselled, and with such a seemingly flawless skin condition as in the selected photograph. However, of course I am more than fully aware of the fact that, generally speaking, aesthetics and beauty are to be considered highly subjective.

Now please do by no means misunderstand this inquiry as a racist one! In particular, I neither intend to advocate nor approve of any politically extremist, supremacist, elitist, or segregationist ideologies whatsoever – like Nordicism, for instance – in any way. This inquiry is meant as a self-critical (!) reflection, and invitation for comments exclusively on the subject of modern facial, physical aesthetics. Besides, I myself do resemble the phenotype in question not in the slightest, in other words neither the one of the given examplary picture nor the [Hallstatt (?) "Nordid" type] in general.

Hence, my question remains: Am I possibly mistaken by my findings, that is to say simply "blinded" by the shine of blue eyes and blond hair, omitting the fact that the common [Western] canon of beauty is otherwise met indeed on a comparable level (degree) and in a similar rate in dark-eyed and -haired Caucasian populations as well? And, in addition, if my conclusion does actually not prove wrong (which I would find hard to believe, though), could this be the actual explanation for the fact that there are still obviously far more light-eyed and blond celebrities fancied as the ultimate, paramount desirable [Western] icons of attractiveness ("sex symbols"), especially including [super]models and actors?--Hildeoc (talk) 19:59, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

 * See Physical attractiveness. Alansplodge (talk) 20:27, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

 * This whole topic area is so rife with the possibility of degenerating into exactly what you claimed it wasn't, that I wonder what you intend by even raising this question here. On the one hand, Wikipedia is WP:NOTCENSORED, but on the other, with a background topic area of comparative physical standards of beauty among different races, your actual question is, "Am I... 'blinded' by the shine of blue eyes and blond hair?" I would point out that your question appears to be outside the scope of this page, which calls for:
 * Specific questions, that are likely to produce reliable sources, and states that:
 * We don't answer requests for opinions, predictions or debate.
 * Assuming good faith once, I'll respond to your question:
 * Yes, you are blinded by it. Please follow the recommendations at the top of this page next time, before posing your question. Hope this helps, Mathglot (talk) 20:29, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Thank you, first of all, for your response to my issue. Perhaps it will help you to learn about my personal background, which is also somewhat the "background" of this thread: I am a male 27-year-old social sciences student from Germany, and I have a not-German family background on both of my parents' sides: My father is a born New Yorker of Ukranian Jewish descent (now living in Paris), while my mother was born in Poland (having an ethnic German background though). As you can perchance imagine, I have experienced several incidents of Anti-Semitism chiefly at fairly conservative Catholic schools, but also at university due to my typical Jewish appearance (large hooknose, dark eyes and hair) and name (that is both surname and first name). Thus, maybe my perception of Nordic superiority in terms of aesthetics is after all – amongst other things – to some degree also the outcome of a certain inferiority complex of mine, which may has – at least partly – been incured by the "traumatic" experiences referred to above, and a continuous intellectual dealing of mine with the relevant historical backgrounds as well as current social phenomena associated to that topic – perhaps inferring that the [stereo]typical Jewish-Armenoid phenotype – particularly in males – can in some ways be regarded somewhat as an ugly "opposite" or "mockery" of what Nordic beauty, meaning physical shapeliness, elegance and hence attractiveness represent, and that is, in fact, not only in women but also in men (as featured in an examplary manner within the linked images). (To take things to extremes, this could probably serve as a kind of "caricatural escalation" of a representation of Judaeo-Semitic-Armenoid phenotypical homeliness …)--Hildeoc (talk) 10:36, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

 * There is no such thing as "universal" beauty. You are attracted to whatever you are attracted to. ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 20:34, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry, but apparently there does seem to be something alike. Beauty is thus obviously not [only] in the eye of the beholder.--Hildeoc (talk) 20:38, 10 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Are you going to let self-styled experts dictate to you what beauty is? ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 20:46, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

Anyhow, by way of a reference, The “preference” paradox: Disclosing racial preferences in attraction is considered racist even by people who overtly claim it is not, from the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Alansplodge (talk) 21:37, 10 August 2020 (UTC)
 * If you're attracted (or not) to a particular race, no amount of pseudo-intellectual shaming is going to change that. ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 21:41, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

 * I'd prefer if Scandinavian women face-shape attractiveness distribution was more like other whites, especially Jews. If only they could equal Jewish women for "best face distribution on Earth" then they could also tie them for "most beautiful women on Earth". When I'm blinded by blue-eyed blondes they're usually less Nordic like Germans or Slavs. You know that mid-20th century Nazi Sonja Henie from Norway? She's ridiculously hot though. Anywhere from Bangladesh and Russia to Iceland and Arctic Finnoscandinavia to the Muslim belt is a zone of high attractive female percentage in my book. What do you think of that? Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 23:18, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much for your openness towards the issue of my inquiry – which is certainly a highly delicate one! – and sharing your opinion – including your personal preferences and inclinations. For the Jewish women please see my reply to Mathglot above explaining my personal background and motivation for this inquiry. Apart from that, I find your "ideal" of female beauty expressed in this context very interesting. As far as Sonja Henie is concerned, I would say that she would actually not be my personal cup of tea, since I find her facial features and stature too round and doll-like, as a matter of fact. Also, I am not quite sure if she would fully meet universal beauty standards as definable by what has been termed the "science of beauty" (cf. hereto e. g. Nancy Etcoff's pertinent work Survival of the Prettiest: The Science of Beauty).

 * This "specimen" may also give a quite appropriate rendition of what I was referring to above – I haven't come across any representation of the Mediterranean type, for instance, – which seems to have quite a lot in common with the Nordic type in terms of skull and face shape – with a facial structure as well-balanced and defined as elegantly clear-cut and chisseled (note in detail the archetypal statue-like eye shape reminding of statues from Greco-Roman antiquity, the fine, straight, long nose, the remarkably even, i. e. hardly sloping / receding forehead (for a male!), the clear, well-shaped jaw-line, the "perfect" mouth and lips, the discreet ears). Everything in this face appears extremely well-proportioned, -defined and graceful – which is to say, conveying all together an impression probably describable most accurately as being very noble with respect to aesthetics. (I really wish I had a face like that … 😞) This kind of grace is what I have actually kept looking for in other Caucasian types. (In contrast, to my mind, some black African and Asian types, for instance, do show this kind of lean, "plain", smooth, elegant long facial shape in combination with the fine features considered as classic yardsticks of distinct beauty mentioned and depicted above as well – confer e. g. this guy or this one, the latter one displaying blue eyes though, i. e. a Nordic trait once again …)--Hildeoc (talk) 07:47, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Well she looks remarkably mundane in some photographs and ridiculously hot in others. Henie is too short for me too but only a few inches, not enough to cause a "short body shape" much. So what kind of "Nordic" female is most goddessy to you? What do you think of Rose DeWitt Bukater being drawn? Now that's a beautiful woman. Too round-faced for you probably. Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 16:54, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Well, if you're asking me personally, I certainly prefer long, lean faces – like Liv Tyler's, Bar Refaeli's or Judith Rakers' … However, as I've noticed, you find very beautiful women in probably all parts of the world but as far as I can see from real life (though this may be biased, of course, by the fact that I live in a country with a relatively high ratio of people having Nordic traits) and the media, you won't find as handsome (that is apart from light eye and hair color!) men (at least not in such a high rate) as those with Nordic features, at least with light eyes, within the Caucasian population. Regarding the latter aspect, I recently created this thread here.--Hildeoc (talk) 11:05, 12 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Their lips are ugly. Spaniard men are sexy in USA, it doesn't have to be always blond and blue. Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 13:17, 12 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Who's lips exactly?--Hildeoc (talk) 16:48, 12 August 2020 (UTC)
 * All three but Bar Refaeli's lips are least ugly. Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 20:56, 12 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I know this is not a forum like Reddit or something, but since you started asking for names: How can you seriously claim Brody with his grotesque beak and freaky features to be handsome but all three women's lips to be ugly? Their lips are not at all deviating from the standard of a beautiful female mouth, or are they? On the contrary: I mean look at them …! (Unfortunately, the lead images in their articles here are just rather crappy in comparison.)--Hildeoc (talk) 15:42, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
 * OK Brody is a only for some people face and some pictures and certain hairstyle(s) and facial hair styles make him look better and as a straight male I'm not fully qualified to judge but I've seen picture where if you don't mind Jewish faces he protects rugged masculinity. I don't mind if womens' noses are long, in fact too Asian-like a nose on a white (like some Irish) is slightly unattractive to me, if I'd date her if her nose was sexier I'd always still date her the way she is but it's not a plus. The desert dude in the Mummy or Mummy Returns movie was pretty Mediterranean and pretty hot don't you think? Or Valentino, that Italian dude who played Arabs in movies in the 1920s and was the sex god of his day. I just don't like any of the threes' lips okay? Look at Rose DeWitt Bukater (red hair) being drawn and tell me those lips, while not the best on Earth, aren't better than your 3 "goddesses" who I'd never even think twice about passing them on the street. Now maybe the most beautiful female I've ever seen who made me turn around to continue staring in awe when I was already almost 30 and lived in New York all my life was a Jewish woman, she made Sonja Henie look mundane. Perfect everything in the same female, not a single thing like calf shape or nose or anything was not perfect. I wonder what she would've thought if she had seen me lol, she was almost the right angle to notice my expression. There's a saying in the English language "beauty is in the eye of the beholder", average faces may be attractive to more people but there is always someone who likes what most people don't. Besides the incel video you might also want to read self-hating Jew. Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 16:42, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Okay I guess those lips are average in those 3 cherry-picked photographs. Nothing special. They look just like any other actress, not going to be asymmetric or anything in that line of work but the mundane kind of actress, not the actually attractive ones like Natalie Portman or Cameron Diaz in Gangs of New York if her lips weren't so ugly, and they're not even the most attractive actresses. Franky I'd rather have Amy from the Big Bang Theory than your 3 even though the character looks like a man. What do you think of Amish lips lol. Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 17:16, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
 * All right, let me make a few things clear here:
 * I am not speaking of attractiveness in the sense of mere "sex appeal", as you seem to do. To refer to the examples given by you above: yes, they're definitely all "sexy", but they also definitely not all have faces to be considered extraordinarily beautiful in the classic sense. I guess we can agree on that point.
 * I have no libido when I see the very most beautiful females even when I haven't ejaculated in awhile, love at first sight drives out sex drive and the very most beautiful clothed women (yes, face too) and sexist fully clothed women are not the same people. The ones that make you horny even when you weren't before and their clothes aren't sexy, not the same people. I've literally felt my libido go away when I see female stranger, is not sex drive. Another goddess was an Ashkenazi wife pushing a stroller with her man and both in full very Orthodox clothing. I did not do anything that might offend them but wow. Again, not a sex drive first and beauty second kind of female. I think Rose is beautiful too (not really when Jack first sees her) but I've seen her down to mons Venus and "covered by clothes but not then sector" is my type too so of course I'm going to think of her as sexy too. She still has beautiful face and hair to me. Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 01:18, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * (similar to 1) With regard to men, I am not talking about masculinity in the first place. Maybe even quite the opposite: to me, extremely handsome male faces – as far as canon "Western" aesthetics are concerened – seem to actually have a certain slight "femininity" about them – but, as already said above, without making those men appear "effeminate" or "unmanly". And this kind of "male grace" is what I think you only find rather rarely in non-Nordic male faces. For whatever reason. That's all I was trying to contend, discuss, and, in case my hypothesis should in fact prove true, find out about the reasons for hereby.
 * If you are straight it's easier to think of slightly feminine men as more handsome than rugged masculinity but women aren't gynophile (unless they're at least a little bi). However just like some men don't always prefer to fall in love with dream wife ASAP or ejaculate quick with someone who looks like 1000 USD prostitute there will always be women who always or sometimes like the handsome but not hypermasculine men and others who sometimes or always fantasize about rugged masculinity. Why do you think they're sometimes on romance novels? Cause those mens are good genes but more likely to leave and not be a good father cause they can get female quick. Look at Chinese, Japanese and Korean faces on Google and tell me if there's any that are as sectsy handsome as your subset of Nordics. This should not be hard I don't think and maybe extra data points will get me to see what you mean. Is Jack Dawson handsome enough? Millions of females think so. Draco Malfoy, Nordic looking, bad guy but if he wasn't is that handsome? Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 01:18, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Even though my arguing may have created a different impression, I would not consider myself a "self-hating Jew". First of all, my mother is not Jewish, and I was baptized a Catholic (my father is an Atheist). Secondly, I am not really struggling with the fact that I have Jewish blood as such. Probably, it's more the opposite: the Jewish people is a small one with a very fascinating history, and of great achievements for the whole of mankind – that is a people which would truly deserve high respect, not hatred! What I am certainly – and exclusively – struggling with, however, is the often unbecoming, stigmatic appearance of Jews (including myself), and that especially in comparison to what I tried to contrast and illustrate as "Nordic beauty". In this context, to be honest, I think it's kind of a shame that nobody here was really willing to go into my thesis on a factual, non-personal basis yet, but I guess I will simply have to accept that this matter is not PC enough (at least for Wiki) to be openly discussed.--Hildeoc (talk) 23:12, 14 August 2020 (UTC)
 * How do you know that woman you encountered on the street was Jewish?--Hildeoc (talk) 23:12, 14 August 2020 (UTC)
 * A white with groceries who unlocks a house in that neighborhood like she lives there is almost certainly Jewish. A little less likely if she looks super-Gentile but she didn't. Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 01:18, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
 * PS: Referring to male beauty (see my statement above) of dark-eyed and -haired Caucasian phenotypes, I wonder why you don't see more faces around like this one or that one, for instance …--Hildeoc (talk) 15:42, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
 * You do see them cause they sexy (no homo). Inglesias, Zorro, Italian and French lovers, Adrian Brody... Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 21:06, 12 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Adrien Brody – come on, are you serious?! Well, his face is certainly sympathetic, but beautiful, in the classic[al] sense? I mean already his – yep, sorry, but it's simply the painful goddamn truth – Jewish nose is an aesthetic disaster (except you have a certain "exotic nose" fetish (diverging from the – still ruling – classic [Western] beauty standards), which does occur in some women, though probably pretty rarely) – not only because it is grotesquely large, crooked and fleshy at the bottom (like mine), but also distinctly tilting to one side, as can be seen from here. (Sorry, Adrien, but to me, my schnozz (which is not as tilting and also not that "spookily" composed otherwise, and yet still not much better) is already more than reasons enough to dread even attempting to be fooled into believing I may have a chance with any extant real beauty compos mentis – but please believe me when I say I'm totally fine with that for various reasons, so definitely not an incel! @Ian.thomson)
 * As for the "Mediterranean"-type beaus, they don't really seem to dominate the model and showbiz markets as beacons of aesthetic perfection, do they? (This was of course different 2000 and more years ago, where it were just the fearsome blond and blue-eyed barbarians who were considered unkempt and ugly …) And from my insights (mainly from web research), their features appear to tend to be, in sweeping terms, more coarse (= masculine?), not quite as balanced, elegant, filigree as with the Nordic hunks, who, however, at the same time do not give an impression effeminate or similar. (So, once again: I am certainly not speaking of women here!) Now that cleft is exactly what I'm worrying about and was trying to point at.--Hildeoc (talk) 01:50, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
 * PS: I think the whole thing is really weird: When you google images for terms like "ugly", "ugly person", "incel", "truecel" etc., probably about 99 % of the hits you will get actually show people with dark eyes (and mostly hair, too) although they say that about 10 % of the world population are blue-eyed. Isn't that – from an objective stance – a bit strange, after all?--Hildeoc (talk) 06:39, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Go watch the video I linked to. Watch all of it.  You are putting yourself in an abusive self-relationship with this "research."  You're just brainwashing to induce an image dysphoric depression, no matter how much you use the words "research" or "objective." Ian.thomson (talk) 07:20, 13 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Thank you for responding. But what exactly do you mean by "brainwashing to induce an image dysphoric depression"? Whom am I brainwashing? Why should I do that? Why "image"? What good would such an "image" do me? And who am I "inducing" it to? I'm sorry but I really can't follow anymore right now. Please assume good faith! The issue of this thread was indeed not supposed to be revolving around myself and my personal situation but about the accountable "facts" on the actual distribution of [outstanding] especially male attractiveness among Caucasian people.

 * I still find it strange that – now looking at it as it were from the other side of the "aesthetic spectrum" – one also seems to find hardly any people with Nordic traits as abominably unsightly as those of non-Nordic phenotype on the web, and that is to say not only qualitatively (degree) but as well quantitatively (rate) speaking, since in a ratio that apparently differs – at least with regard e. g. to the frequency of blue eyes – from the expectable corresponding proportion within the world's general population (≈9:1) in a significant manner (Sample?).

 * To sum up: In my view, at least by what Google reveals, the quality and rate of strikingly beautiful [male] physiognomy (by Western, if not universal standards as definable, in fact, by the "Science of Beauty" I'd say we could definitely use an article on this interesting subject here … ) with "Nordic faces", and the quality and rate of strikingly unattractive [male] physiognomy with non-Nordic ones appear to be both clearly out of the pertinent demographic relations. But please do feel free to prove the opposite if you still deem my overall impression inaccurate.--Hildeoc (talk) 10:23, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
 * This whole thread is nothing but you looking for reinforcement for the notion that there's some objective and singular standard for human attractiveness, that you admit you're not part of. Your picture searches are anecdotal evidence that completely fails to take into account how Google's software works and ignores academic studies of global populations (which finds that averaged faces are generally preferred, not specific types).  You are using themes and ideas that were developed within the Incel as a contagious form of unhealthy thinking.  If you are really serious about research, then watch the video I've linked twice now, it really does cut to the root of the ideas you're discussing.  Ian.thomson (talk) 10:33, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
 * In what concrete respect do you think Google's software has distorted my findings on the issue in question then? And why exactly do you claim my picture searches "ignore academic studies of global populations"? In what way do these examples not represent what academic studies relate as the "Science of Beauty"?--Hildeoc (talk) 23:14, 14 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Does any of this research mark those phenotypes as actually originating with Nordic populations, or does it just run with 19th and early 20th century assumptions that it must? Did any of this research happen to be advocated by the Incel community, or did it even come straight from there?  (If that's the case, please watch this before going deeper down that rabbit hole).  Throw a someone you'd consider archetypally Nordic (I'm gonna say Dolph Lundgren?) to Tanzania, and the women going after him will be the sort who say they're prefer "exotic" over "handsome" men -- this is in line with other animals.  Ian.thomson (talk) 08:36, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

"Gynophile" is not in the Oxford English Dictionary, but gyno is the Greek word for "woman" and philia the word for "affection". I'm surprised anyone felt the need to make up a new word for this. 2A00:23C5:E11F:D400:B8C2:7E80:B188:3020 (talk) 10:54, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

In the USA, does an Acting President have the same powers as the President?
In the USA, there are some occasions for which we have an "acting president" who takes over for the "real" president. (I think this happened when one of the Bush presidents had to undergo surgery?) Question:  when a person is the "acting president", do they have the same exact powers as the "real" president? Or are there some limitations? Thanks. Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 21:25, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Also, if it is the Vice President who becomes "acting president" ... do we then also establish an "acting vice president"? And who is that?  And does it continue on, down the line ... Acting Speaker of the House ... etc.?    Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 21:28, 10 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Read Acting president of the United States for the three recent examples. ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 21:30, 10 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I don't think there is an acting VP in the event that the VP is temporarily an acting president. The acting president is also still the VP (and President of the Senate).  In the case where a VP becomes president by succession, the now-president nominates a new VP who has to be confirmed by the Senate.  The VP office is vacant until a new one is confirmed.  I similarly don't think there is an acting Speaker in the situation where the incumbent can't fulfill her duties.  A lot of those duties are ceremonial (tapping a gavel at the start of a session etc) so she simply delegates them to another congressmember if she has something else going on at the time.  If the Speaker's post became vacant, the House would elect a new Speaker.  I don't know if there are special rules for doing that in the middle of a term. Apparently intrigue over potential succession is a factor in VP choices.  I have heard that Trump chose Pence as his VP because Pence was one of the few politicians who didn't seem to want to be president.  Similarly, there is organized opposition among Biden's supporters to some of Biden's possible VP choices on the theory that the VP candidate might be angling for the top job.  Pro tip: if you run for president, don't pick a VP who sits around sharpening a knife all day ;-).  2602:24A:DE47:BB20:50DE:F402:42A6:A17D (talk) 23:55, 10 August 2020 (UTC)
 * There is no acting Vice President because the Vice President only has two real jobs: 1) To preside over the Senate and cast a tie breaking vote if needed. They basically never preside over the Senate anymore, and tie breaking votes are rare enough as well.  See List of tie-breaking votes cast by the vice president of the United States.  2) To be alive in case the President dies or is incapacitated.  That is the entire list of roles the Vice President has.  The first Vice President, John Adams actually did the job of presiding over the Senate, which he did more out of  boredom than anything else, and he lamented the do-nothing nature of the job, writing to Abigail Adams on one occasion that the job was "the most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived."  John Nance Garner, FDR's first Veep, said more poignantly of the job "The vice-presidency isn't worth a pitcher of warm piss."  Until 1967, with the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, there was no mechanism to replace a Vice President, that 18 times there has been a period when the U.S. didn't have a Vice President, either because he died himself or he replaced a dead president, and that includes 14 of the first 29 presidencies, meaning that only slightly less than half of the first 29 presidents had time in office without a Vice President.  The concept of an "Acting President" in modern times is just to allow for things like when the sitting president has to go under anesthesia for surgery, and have been mostly inconsequential.  It's a pro-forma thing, and doesn't necessitate having to name an acting VP (since the VP has very little meaningful role in the government anyways).  -- Jayron 32 11:59, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Question: when a person is the "acting president", do they have the same exact powers as the "real" president? Or are there some limitations? The sole limitations on the office of Acting President of which I am aware reside in, and deal with the termination of the office of the Acting President. Specifically, under subsection (c), the Acting President shall no longer serve as Acting President when the cause for his or her taking up the office is resolved. The office of Acting President does not exist in the Constitution, and is wholly a creature of statute. Therefore, the Congress may theoretically impose limitations or restrictions as it wishes... but it is unclear if those would be constitutional. The way I see it, in an Acting President situation, the Constitutional duties of the President reside in the Office of President rather than in the person carrying out those duties. Thus, an Acting President should be able to sign a bill into law, dismiss the heads of non-independent federal agencies, appoint federal judges, act as head of state for treaty purposes, and authorize the release of nuclear weapons, just as a duly-elected President would.Impeachment of an Acting President would be quite interesting, however. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:04, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * The issue with that is more practical than anything. The time frame of most presidential actions takes far longer to complete than the time that any Acting President has served in the office.  None of them has yet served longer than a day, and the process of say, appointing a federal judge and seeing them through the nomination process takes far longer than that.  The Constitutional Amendment in question does allow for a procedure to solve conflicts between the President and Acting President when the Acting President refuses to step down, so yes hypothetically they could serve for no more than a month before Congress can have them forcibly removed (and it can be faster), but most of what they could do can still be blocked and/or undone when he's gone.  -- Jayron 32 11:16, 12 August 2020 (UTC)

Thanks, all. Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 00:16, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

Klan bible
KKK leader drove through a crowd of protesters, hitting 3. They found KKK paraphenalia including robes and a Klan bible in his house. I know about KKK robes but I hadn't heard of a Klan bible. I just found the article Kloran: could that be what they meant? Or is there actually a Klan bible saying to kill the [whatever]? The Kloran sounds more like a jargon dictionary than religious doctrine.

It also sounds to me like the guy was seriously undercharged, with misdemeanor assaults rather than terrorism and attempted murder. Is that plausibly due to some kind of Klan sympathy from the court? The prosecutor included a hate crime charge that was dropped because the victims were white, supposedly making the case law confusing. However it would seem like even that is something for an appelate court to figure out. What a crappy case. 2602:24A:DE47:BB20:50DE:F402:42A6:A17D (talk) 22:59, 10 August 2020 (UTC)
 * They could have meant either the Kloran (which is a "Klan Bible" in the sense of foundational doctrine) or maybe scriptures of Creativity (religion).
 * And yeah, it's funny how the courts treat the KKK a legitimate organization with any crimes committed by its members as anomalies, but the Black Panther Party is revolutionary for following the same open carry laws as that prevented white people getting arrested at the Bundy standoff and the Unite the Right rally. Or did they get in trouble for feeding kids, even the ones that ain't white?  I wonder why the KKK and the alt-right get off while people protesting police brutality against black people get shot in the face with rubber-coated metal bullets? Ian.thomson (talk) 23:20, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

 * "Members of the KKK swore to uphold American values and Christian morality" according to our article, so perhaps it was an actual Bible? See THE BIBLE & THE KLAN - THE KKK IS INCREASINGLY TURNING TO SCRIPTURE TO LEGITIMIZE ITS MESSAGE OF RACIAL HATRED Alansplodge (talk) 16:58, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * It is probably a regular KJV Bible that is published with an additional first page that has some Klan symbolism/artwork and blank spaces where the name of the member and the date of his joining can be recorded.
 * “Organizational bibles” like this are issued by many fraternal groups in the US (with their own symbolism/artwork) - and since the Klan does like to portray itself as “just another fraternal group”, it wouldn’t surprise me if they did so as well. Blueboar (talk) 17:32, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Several news sources put "Klan bible" between scare quotes, suggesting that this was not a Christian Bible. Others report that police found "Klan literature", without being more specific. --Lambiam 10:09, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Many sources identify the Klan bible with the Kloran:, , , , . --Lambiam 10:27, 13 August 2020 (UTC)

Do any of you chaps use Google? http://images.library.wisc.edu/WI/EFacs/WiscKKK/RiverFalls/KlanEphem/reference /wi.klanephem.i0004.pdf Mmmarkkk (talk) 01:34, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes. So what? Do you have a source identifying specifically this text with the Klan literature found in the polcie search as mentioned in the news reports? --Lambiam 18:42, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Funny how Klansmen and child fantasy (genre) fans both like exotic names. And spkelling in kways that make grammar Nazis want to klaw their eyes out. Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 21:22, 11 August 2020 (UTC)


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PHP Programming/Caching

A cache is a collection of duplicate data, where the original data is expensive to fetch or compute (usually in terms of access time) relative to the cache. In PHP, caching is used to minimize page generation time.

Classification
PHP provides several cache systems :

PHP basically has two main types of caching: 'output caching' and 'parser caching'. PHP 'output caching' saves a chunk of data somewhere that can later be read by another script faster than it can generate it. 'Parser caching' is specific feature. PHP is a scripting language and code is not compiled or optimized to a particular computer. Every PHP file must be parsed and that takes time. This type of time minimization is 'parser caching'.

Include caching
Example:

File:class.test.php

File:program.php

output: Class loaded Hello world! Hello world!

Array caching
Example:

File:program.php

output: sum(0)=0 computed sum(1)=1 computed sum(2)=3 computed sum(3)=6 computed sum(3)=6 from cache sum(4)=10 computed

Session caching
Example:

file:program.php

output: computed My Name is Bill.

output after refresh: cached My Name is Bill.

Shared variables
Example:

file:program.php

output: $this->list[0]["info"]="small info nr 1" $this->list[0]["big"]="" $this->list[0]["info"]="small info nr 1" $this->list[0]["big"]="added big info, maybe structure of objects"

Output Caching
The server cache policy is included into, visible with (with option "I" for header):

Example:

title: PHP Programming/Caching


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Talk:Medical biochemistry

The game is afoot. HolyZarkon 21:30, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

Medical Biochemistry
Maybe there could be a learning project such as "Topics in Biochemistry". Maybe 5 years from now there will be a large community of people at Wikiversity who are interested in biochemistry, but here at the start I think it makes sense to start with topics that are "in the news", medically-oriented and of interest to as wide an "audience" as possible. For example, a "hot topic" right now is the pet food crisis. Wikiversity could have both introductory and advanced biochemistry learning resources related to Non-protein nitrogen as legitimate and illegitimate feed additive. --JWSchmidt 14:26, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Something like Biochemistry in the News. That's an interesting idea, why not give it a go? It brings the thing from theory into everyday reality, where it belongs.

 * I was very surprised by the interest that topics such as biochemistry, analytic geometry, statistics etc. raised in WP. The portuguese WV has (If I recall correctly, or is it WB?) rather interesting stuff in biochemistry. HolyZarkon 09:42, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Medical biochemistry


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Walk a Tightrope

Walk a Tightrope is a 1964 Anglo-American crime film directed by Frank Nesbitt, written by Neil McCallum, and starring Dan Duryea, Patricia Owens, Terence Cooper, Richard Leech, Neil McCallum and Trevor Reid. It was released on February 12, 1965, by Paramount Pictures.

Plot
An American living in Britain claims he was hired by a woman to kill her husband whom she clearly loves, but all is not what it seems.

Cast

 * Dan Duryea as Carl Lutcher
 * Patricia Owens as Ellen Sheppard
 * Terence Cooper as Jason Sheppard
 * Richard Leech as Doug Randle
 * Neil McCallum as Counsel
 * Trevor Reid as Inspector MacMitchell
 * A. J. Brown as Magistrate
 * David Bauer as Ed
 * Shirley Cameron as Maisie

title: Walk a Tightrope


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Talk:Stuur Groete aan Mannetjies Roux

Untitled
I created this page as an exercise in a Wikipedia workshop on translation from English to Afrikaans.

I chose this page to translate, for two reasons:
 * I know the film, and thought it would be better to translate something on a topic that I am familiar with.
 * I consider the film notable and worth describing for people who can understand English but not Afrikaans.

It is unfortunate that the author of the original article (in Afrikaans) did not add more information about it, explaining its importance, not just in the context of Afrikaans films, but of South African films. I could try to write something for the English version of the article, but I do not consider myself an expert in Afrikaans or South African films. I think a better option would be to ask the author of the original article.

 * Sorry, I understand this would be a frustrating outcome! Largoplazo (talk) 15:03, 19 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stuur Groete aan Mannetjies Roux


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endur

Noun

 * 1) place

Etymology 1
From, from.

Adverb

 * 1) used in certain set phrases
 * Það gerðist endur fyrir löngu.
 * It happened a long time ago.
 * 1)  days of yore, formerly

title: endur


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Rypin

Rypin is a town in north-central Poland, in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, about 50 km east of Toruń. It is the capital of Rypin County. Population is 16,528 (2010).

History
Rypin was founded in the Middle Ages, and was part of Poland since the establishment of the state in the 10th century. From the 11th century it was the seat of a local castellany, and from the 14th century it was a county seat. It was granted town rights in the early 14th century, and afterwards it was a royal town of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Dobrzyń Land in the Inowrocław Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province. In the early 14th century, local dukes of the Polish Piast dynasty founded a hospital in Rypin to commemorate their deceased father Duke Siemowit of Dobrzyń. In 1352, the hospital was granted various privileges by Duke Władysław the Hunchback. Rypin was located on a trade route connecting Toruń with Brześć. The 1st Polish National Cavalry Brigade was stationed in the town.

Following the Second Partition of Poland (1793), the town was annexed by Kingdom of Prussia. In 1807, it passed to the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and after its dissolution in 1815, it became part of the Russian Partition of Poland. During the January Uprising, Polish insurgents captured the town on February 4, 1863. Following World War I, Poland regained independence and control of Rypin. During the Polish–Soviet War, Rypin was occupied by Russians on 14 August 1920, and liberated by Poles on 20 August 1920.

World War II
During the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the town was invaded and then occupied by Germany until 1945. The Polish population was subjected to an extensive genocidal campaign. In September 1939, a German police prison was established in the town, and in October 1939, the German police and Selbstschutz carried out mass arrests of local Poles. Hundreds of arrested Poles were interrogated and then murdered on the spot and buried in nearby Skrwilno, during the German-perpetrated Intelligenzaktion. Among the victims were 96 Polish teachers and school principals from the town and county. Many local Poles were also murdered during large massacres carried out by the Germans in Skrwilno in October and November 1939. In 1944 the occupiers burned the victims' bodies in attempt to cover up the crime committed in Skrwilno. Poles were also murdered in other places in Rypin, and around 200 Poles from the town and county were massacred in the nearby village of Rusinowo. In 1939–1942, the Germans also expelled over 5,100 Poles from the town. Most of the expelled Poles were imprisoned in a transit camp in Toruń and then deported to the General Government in the more-eastern part of German-occupied Poland, as their houses were handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy. According to a Gestapo document from 1942, many remaining Poles fled from Rypin trying to avoid signing to the Deutsche Volksliste, however, many Poles eventually signed under the threat of deportation to German concentration camps. A transit camp for Poles expelled from nearby villages in 1942 was operated in the town. Rypin was liberated by the Soviet Army at the end of 1944.

Notable people

 * Andrzej Fałkowski (born 1959), Polish army officer
 * Chaja Goldstein (1908–1999), dancer and singer
 * Ivor Mairants (1908–1998), jazz and classical guitarist
 * Zbigniew Sosnowski (born 1963), politician
 * Jacob Talmon (1916–1980), Professor of Modern History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
 * Faustin E. Wirkus (1896–1945), American marine

Sport

 * Lech Rypin - football club

title: Rypin


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Talk:Windows Clock

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 04:36, 3 June 2022 (UTC)
 * ClockWin11.png

title: Talk:Windows Clock


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User:Woodpigeon17/Susan Wendell

Susan Wendell

Susan Wendell is a professor emerita of Simon Fraser University in the department of gender, sexuality and women's studies. .

title: User:Woodpigeon17/Susan Wendell


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Oro Bay

Oro Bay is a bay in Oro Province, Papua New Guinea, located 15 mi southeast of Buna. The bay is located within the larger Dyke Ackland Bay. A port is operated by PNG Ports Corporation Limited with limited wharf facilities, located at -8.89639°N, 148.49417°W.

History
During World War II, Oro Bay was used as staging area, the terminus for convoys of Operation Lilliput, for the battle of Buna-Gona and future operations. A United States advanced base was constructed at Oro Bay, with a liberty ship wharf at the southern end of the bay, installations along the shore, and anti-aircraft gun batteries in the surrounding hills. On 28 March 1943, Imperial Japanese planes attacked shipping and harbour facilities at Oro Bay, resulting in the sinking of SS Masaya and SS Bantam. Oro Bay Airfield was also located near here.

title: Oro Bay


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The Australian Producers' Home Journal

The Australian Producers' Home Journal is an English-language newspaper which was published in 1910 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was published by S. A. Sawell.

History
The Australian Producers' Home Journal was a monthly publication, usually published on the third Tuesday of each month. The paper featured articles on agricultural industries including dairy farming, fruit growing, the sheep industry as well as providing general advice about the management of farmyards and farms generally. According to the issue of the newspaper dated 23 August 1910, "This paper is sent free to subscribers to 'The Stock and Station Journal'".

Digitisation
Some editions of the paper have been digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program project hosted by the National Library of Australia.

title: The Australian Producers' Home Journal


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2019 Mnet Asian Music Awards

The 2019 Mnet Asian Music Awards ceremony, organized by CJ E&M through its music channel Mnet, took place on December 4 at Nagoya Dome, Japan. It was the 21st ceremony and one of the largest in the show's history, with more than 40,000 people attending.

Background
In August, Mnet responded to reports regarding the venues of the year's ceremony as Hong Kong, where it had been held in the past, was deemed unsafe due to political conflict in the city. On September 29, Mnet announced that the host location of 2019 MAMA will be at Nagoya, Japan, stating that cultural exchange must continue regardless of political matters.

All songs that are eligible to be nominated are songs released from November 3, 2018, to October 31, 2019.

Performers
The following individuals and groups, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers.

Presenters

 * Park Bo-gum – host
 * Lee Sang-yeob & Jung Hye-sung – presented Best Male & Female Group
 * Kim Byung-hyun & Yoon Ji-ni – presented World Performer, Favorite Vocal & Dance Performance
 * Shin A-young & Tsukasa Saito – presented Favorite Male & Female Artist
 * Lee Yi-kyung & Karata Erika – presented Best New Male & Female Artist
 * Jimmy Fallon (recorded at NBC Studios in NYC) – presented Album of the Year
 * Kentaro Sakaguchi – presented Best Dance Performance – Male & Female Group
 * Lee Sang-yeob & Lee Yu-bi – presented Worldwide Fans' Choice
 * Ji Sook & Joo Woo-jae – presented Best Female Artist & Best New Asian Artist
 * Lee Kwang-soo & Choi Yu-hwa – presented Worldwide Fans' Choice
 * Chang Chen – presented Worldwide Icon of the Year
 * Lee Soo-syuk & Gulnazar – presented Best Dance Solo Performance & Best Urban/Hip-Hop Music
 * Park Tam-hee – presented Breakthrough Achievement Award
 * Cha Sung-won – presented Song of the Year
 * Shin Seung-hun – presented Artist of the Year

Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface. Online voting opened on the official MAMA website, Mwave app, and Twitter an hour after the announcement of nominees on October 22, 2019. Voting ended on December 4, 2019.

Multiple awards
The following artist(s) received three or more awards:

Broadcast
The red carpet and main ceremony of the 2019 Mnet Asian Music Awards was broadcast worldwide via Mnet, across CJ E&M channels and other international networks and online via Mnet K-pop's YouTube account and Mnet's official website. The Red Carpet was live streamed on the official Mnet MAMA Twitter page.

Restricted access on some countries due to broadcasting rights.

title: 2019 Mnet Asian Music Awards


text:
Ada Programming/Delimiters/left label

The left label "<<" is used to define labels for the statements.

For details see the chapter Ada Programming/Control - goto.

Wikibook

 * Ada Programming
 * Ada Programming/Delimiters
 * Ada Programming/Delimiters/right label

Ada Reference Manual

|<<

title: Ada Programming/Delimiters/left label


text:
Japanese/Dialects/Kanto

 * 関東弁 (kantouben) is generally regarded as standard Japanese. It seems to only differ, however, in slang used and some pronunciation. Nevertheless, it is a dialect in its own right, especially when compared to the other variations of Japanese, and will be treated here as such. It, as all other dialects discussed, will be compared with standard Japanese.

Pronunciation

 * There are few major differences in pronunciation. One worth noting appears in the Tokyo-ben (東京弁) section.

Intonation
(no sources found yet)

negative form
The negative form used in the Kanto region is the one used in standard. I list it here because it is different when compared to negative forms of other areas. example: 行かない　（いかない） will not go
 * ～ない is the negative imperfect tense verb ending, and
 * ～なかった is the negative perfective tense verb ending.

need to...
Because the construct of "need to" is just a combination of the negative form of a verb and another word, it is really just a matter of the difference in negative forms. However, as these constructs are often contracted, it is worth noting the differences. The standard "need to" form looks like the following: and in Kanto they are contracted, respectively, as follows:
 * ～なくては　いけない/ならない/だめ/etc...
 * ～なければ　いけない/ならない/だめ/etc...
 * ～なくちゃ　いけない/ならない/だめ/etc...
 * ～なきゃ　いけない/ならない/だめ/etc...

title: Japanese/Dialects/Kanto


text:
Wikipedia:Motto of the day/February 15, 2015

This motto is empty! Please, take a moment to review the nominations and nominate your own new mottos at Wikipedia:Motto of the day/Nominations/In review and Wikipedia:Motto of the day/Nominations/Specials. Any help would be appreciated. –p joe f (talk • contribs) 07:30, 10 February 2015 (UTC)