text:
Sir James Reid, 1st Baronet

Sir James Reid, 1st Baronet (23 October 1849 – 28 June 1923), was a British doctor who served as physician-in-ordinary to three British monarchs; Queen Victoria, King Edward VII and King George V.

As a physician, a Scotsman from Aberdeenshire and able to speak German, he fulfilled Queen Victoria's chief criteria for resident medical attendant under the supervision of her then physician-in-ordinary, Sir William Jenner. At the age of 31, he was given medical charge of the Royal Household at Balmoral. The queen became increasingly dependent upon Reid as she grew older, and he accompanied her everywhere. He also attended to members of the royal family, and delivered several of her grandchildren. As part of his duties to the Household, he also attended to the queen's "Munshi", Abdul Karim.

Early life and education
James Reid was born in Ellon in the north of Aberdeenshire on 23 October 1849, the eldest son of James Reid and his wife Beatrice Peter. He was educated at Aberdeen Grammar School before gaining admission to the University of Aberdeen, where he was a gold medallist.

In 1869, he gained his master's degree in natural sciences and in 1872 his medical degree. After two years of practising medicine in London, he travelled to Vienna, then a seat for elite medical training, where for two years he attended various medical courses covering gynaecology, diseases of the ear, nose and throat, skin disease, eye disease and syphilis, in addition to learning German. In 1877, he returned to Scotland, and joined his father's practice in Ellon, where he worked for the next three years.

Royal household
In April 1881, Reid was approached by Alexander Profeit, the queen's Factor at Balmoral. As a physician, a Scotsman from Aberdeenshire and able to speak German, Reid fulfilled Queen Victoria's chief criteria for resident medical attendant under the supervision of her then physician-in-ordinary, Sir William Jenner. After the queen interviewed Reid on 8 June 1881 at Balmoral, he was hired on a starting salary of £400 per year, and aged 31, given medical charge of the Royal Household when it resided at Balmoral. Following the death of William Marshall, the resident physician to the queen, Reid was appointed to a permanent position and moved to London. In 1887, he was appointed physician-extraordinary to the queen; and two years later, he succeeded Sir William as physician-in-ordinary.

The queen became increasingly dependent upon Reid as she grew older. He accompanied her everywhere, and reported to her every morning to enquire as to her health. She wrote to him every day and when asked for advice by members of the Household, it became common for her to reply "ask Sir James". She consulted with him during her grief following the death of John Brown in 1883, and he delivered several of her grandchildren, including Charles Edward, the son of Prince Leopold, and Princess Beatrice's children; Alexander Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Carisbrooke, Victoria Eugenie, Queen of Spain, Lord Leopold Mountbatten and Prince Maurice of Battenberg.

As physician to the queen, and at her instruction, Reid also attended to her "Munshi", Abdul Karim. In 1894, along with others, he protested against the role of Karim in Queen Victoria's life. On the question of Karim's background, Reid noted in his diary that John W. Tyler, superintendent at the central jail in Agra, had informed him that he "had constantly seen the Munshi's wife and female relations in India, as they were never shut up there from public gaze, belonging as they do to quite a low class; and that the idea of their being in purdah was never dreamt of until they came to England as ladies". In later years, Reid would become the main communicator between the Royal Household and the queen in matters relating to the Munshi.

He attended to the queen at Osborne House, the royal residence on the Isle of Wight, during her final ten days. As the queen's condition deteriorated, her daughters Helena, Louise and Beatrice were in attendance, later joined by their brother Bertie, the Prince of Wales. Reid helped them to accept and come to terms with the impending death of their mother. Reid had previously prescribed for the queen chlorodyne (chloral hydrate) for insomnia and the sedative Trional for arthritic pain, but there is no record that either of these was prescribed in the queen's final illness. On 17 January, Reid asked Sir Richard Douglas Powell, physician-in-ordinary, for his advice and as the queen's condition deteriorated further, asked Sir Thomas Barlow to attend to provide further medical support. The queen died on 22 January 1901, at half past six in the evening. Reid was given strict instructions as to burying the queen, including grave goods that had belonged to John Brown.

Reid then became physician-in-ordinary to Edward VII throughout the whole of that king's reign, and then finally to George V.

In March 1909 Edward VII fell ill. He suffered from chronic bronchitis, the result of smoking around twenty cigarettes and several cigars each day. Reid recommended a dose of radium and told  Kaiser Wilhelm II, the king's nephew, that the king "was rapidly sinking." On 6 March 1910, the king was treated for "acute cardiac distress" (heart disease). Reid diagnosed an acute exacerbation of the chronic bronchitis, but he decided to hide the potential seriousness of this from the royal family and by 25 March, gave him a clean bill of health although the king was permanently wheezing, asthmatic, and could not walk upstairs. The king went on holiday to France but returned on 27 April. By 5 May, the king was turning blue, and Reid issued a bulletin saying that the king's condition was "causing some anxiety", and a few hours later announced that it was causing "grave anxiety." The king died soon afterwards, just before midnight.

Later life
Reid became consulting physician to the King Edward VII Sanatorium at Midhurst.

In 1914 Reid, although by then retired, received instructions from London to travel to Wick, northern Scotland to meet Prince Albert ("Bertie", 1895–1952), second son of George V and the future King George VI. The prince had been taken ill with abdominal pain whilst serving as a midshipman on HMS Collingwood. Reid accompanied the prince as he was transferred to Aberdeen on the hospital ship Rohilla. On 9 September an appendectomy was performed on the prince by the Regius Professor of Surgery in Aberdeen Sir John Marnoch, who was surgeon to the Royal Household in Scotland. Reid was present at the operation along with Sir Alexander Ogston. The prince made a good recovery from the procedure, returning to serve on HMS Collingwood at the Battle of Jutland.

Personal and family
Reid married, in 1899, the Honourable Susan Baring (9 October 1870 – 8 February 1961), daughter of Edward Baring, 1st Baron Revelstoke. She had been maid of honour to Queen Victoria in 1898–1899. They had two daughters and two sons:
 * Sir Edward Reid, 2nd Baronet (1901–1972).
 * Admiral Sir John Peter Lorne Reid (1903–1973), a Royal Navy officer.
 * Margaret Cecilia Reid (died 1937), who died unmarried.
 * Victoria Susan Beatrice Reid (1908–1997); who married in 1935 Rev. Leonard St. Clare Ingrams (1900–1953), and left children.

Awards and honours
In 1889, Reid was created Companion of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (CB), He then became Knight Commander of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (KCB) in 1895, a baronet in 1897, and in 1901 was made Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO)

Other honours included Prussian Order of the Crown (2nd Class), given during the visit of Emperor Wilhelm II to the United Kingdom at the time of the death and funeral of Queen Victoria in January–February 1901, and an honorary doctorate (LL.D) from the University of Glasgow, awarded to Reid in June 1901 during the university's 450th jubilee celebrations.

Death and legacy
Reid died in post on 28 June 1923.

Ellon Castle in Aberdeenshire was inherited by Reid's grandson, whose wife Michaela Reid found his diaries, which she used to compile a biography of Reid, titled Ask Sir James, published in 1987. The historian and writer Shrabani Basu used Reid's personal diaries, scrapbooks and photographs when researching her book Victoria and Abdul: The True Story of the Queen’s Closest Confidant, in which are several photographs from the Reid archives. In the 2017 film Victoria & Abdul, based on Basu's book, Reid was portrayed by actor Paul Higgins.

title: Sir James Reid, 1st Baronet


text:
Perl Programming

These books describe and explain Perl, a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Perl is noted for its idiomatically rich syntax, its extensive use of regular expressions and the large module archive CPAN.

Contents

 * /About Perl//

Beginning Perl

 * /Getting started/
 * /Editors and IDEs/
 * /Perl Installation and Setup/
 * First program
 * /Basic variables/
 * /Strings/
 * /Numbers/
 * /Comments/
 * /Conditionals/
 * /Control flow/
 * /Declarations/
 * /Operators/
 * /Variables/
 * /Data types/
 * /Scalar variables/
 * /Array variables/
 * /Hash variables/
 * /References and data structures/
 * /User input-output/
 * /Advanced output/
 * /Filehandles/
 * Statement modifiers
 * /Functions/
 * /Perl 5.10 additions/
 * Exercises

More Perl

 * /Regular expressions/
 * /Regular expression operators/
 * /Regular expressions reference/
 * /Code reuse (modules)/
 * Perl objects
 * /Structure and style/

Interfacing Perl

 * GUI and desktop programming
 * /CPAN/
 * Using a Bitcard account
 * /DBI - Perl database interface/

Web development

 * /CGI/
 * /FastCGI/
 * mod_perl
 * /HTML::Mason/
 * /HTTP::Engine/
 * /PSGI/
 * /Unicode UTF-8/

Perl and beyond

 * /Perl 6/
 * /Humour/

Sample code

 * First example code to get you started
 * Second example code to get you started

Reference

 * /Concept index/
 * /Function reference/
 * /Keywords/
 * Quick-reference cards
 * /Useful modules/
 * /Websites/

Related Wikibooks

 * Perl 6 Programming
 * Apache/mod perl

Perl-Programmierung Programación en Perl Programmation Perl Perl Perl Perl Perl

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Perl Programming


text:
Talk:Ashish Reddy

External links modified
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title: Talk:Ashish Reddy


text:
Talk:Unsolved Problems in Biology/Grist

I have read that the thunderstorm "smell" that you feel right before a big storm is unexplained. Or is that an urban legend? Guido Dimicelli 04:38, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Some people claim that there is the smell of ozone during a nearby thunderstorm, often described as a metallic-like smell. Does this sound like what you mean? JWSurf 05:37, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Probably. Some light googling seems to confirm the same... Thanks Guido Dimicelli 06:10, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC)

How can you tell is something is dead or living? Don't joke.
 * This question should be on the list, although it is probably possible to answer it in this context. --JWSurf 15:41, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Unsolved Problems in Biology/Grist


text:
Talk:Josephine Hull

Birthday
Was Josephine born in 1877 or in 1886? IMDB has 1877. Hotwine8 23:47, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

Earliest appearance.
I've just seen what may be her earliest appearance- the 1927 Clara Bow picture "Get Your Man". This picture has been recently restored so the IMDB information does not list her. She appears in the first reel (and is credited by name in a title) but is not in any further scenes- there are approximately 20 minutes missing from the film and her footage may be lost.Saxophobia (talk) 23:49, 19 March 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Josephine Hull


text:
Samuel A. Ramirez Sr.

Samuel A. Ramirez Sr. (born 1941) made Wall Street history by becoming the first Latino to launch a successful investment banking firm.

Early years
Ramirez's parents moved from Puerto Rico to New York City in the late 1920s in search of a better way of life. They moved to Spanish Harlem where Ramirez was raised and educated. His father worked at the Brooklyn Navy Yard and his mother was a seamstress. After he graduated from high school, he applied for admission to go to college.

Ramirez enrolled in Brooklyn's St. Francis College where he earned his bachelor's degree in Economics in 1965. He barely started college when during his summers he worked for Kidder, Peabody & Co. gaining experience in equity transactions. After he graduated, he went to work for the investment banking firm Stoever Glass & Co. During the years that he worked for Stoever Glass, he became an expert in municipal bonds and earned a reputation amongst the firms clientele as a reliable investor. The experience which Ramirez gained and the satisfaction of helping others to obtain their financial goals motivated him to start his own investment banking firm.

Ramirez & Co.
In 1971, with an investment of $50,000, Ramirez launched his own firm, Ramirez & Co. The company specializes in the distribution of municipal bonds, and provides retail and institutional sales along with investment banking services to corporations and state and local governments. In order to gain recognition and alliances from other firms, Ramirez decided to not make the yet small Hispanic market his primary focus. His reputation of putting an emphasis on the preservation of capital instead of running risks in pursuit of a big payoff, has been a prime factor in his clients entrusting him to $2 Billion dollars of investments. The company established an equity research department focusing on the growing market of Hispanic owned companies. In February 2004, the firm began offering the Ramírez Hispanic Index. The index is set up as an equally weighted Unit Investment Trust (UIT), which means buyers invest equally in the 10 fastest-growing, Hispanic-owned companies in the United States, which include Univision, Banco Popular, and Doral Financial. The company purchased a five percent ownership in AztecAmerica Bank, based in Chicago, Illinois and headed by Carlos X. Montoya. This bank is actively positioning itself as a unique financial services bridge for Latinos.

The firm operates out of eight offices across the United States, on both coasts and in Texas, Chicago, and San Juan, Puerto Rico and has a total of 110 employees. His son Samuel A. Ramirez Jr. is Senior Vice President and the Managing Director of the firm. His daughter Christa, also works for the company and has underwritten new issues and his son-in-law Chris Harpen, is an investment consultant.

Later years
Ramirez's wife, Diane, is the president of Halstead Property, one of Manhattan's largest real estate companies. During his spare time he enjoys playing golf and working out. Samuel A. Ramirez Sr. and his son Samuel A. Ramirez Jr. were featured on the cover of the December 2005/January 2006 issue of Hispanic Trends magazine.

title: Samuel A. Ramirez Sr.


text:
User:Harveyblackauthor

A qualified parachutist, Harvey served with British Army Intelligence for over ten years. His experience ranges from covert surveillance in Northern Ireland to operating in Communist East Berlin during the cold war, where he feared for his life after being dragged from his car and attacked by Russian KGB soldiers.

Since then he has lived a more sedate life in the private sector as a Director for an International Company, but now enjoys the pleasures of writing. Harvey is married with four children.

http://harveyblackauthor.org/

title: User:Harveyblackauthor


text:
Althen-des-Paluds

Althen-des-Paluds (Provençal: Lei Palús or Alten) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

The commune is crossed by the river Sorgue.

Name
The name of Althen-des-Paluds is a homage to Jean Althen.

Climate
The climate is of Mediterranean type and is characterized by rather hot and dry summers and soft winters.

The average temperatures oscillate between 0 and 30° according to the season. The record of temperature since the existence of the INRA' station is of 40,5 °C at the time of the European heat wave of 2003 on August 5 and -12,8 °C on January 5, 1985. The weather statements are done with Agroparc office of Avignon.

Nearby communes
Monteux Bédarrides Entraigues-sur-la-Sorgue Velleron Le Thor Saint-Saturnin-lès-Avignon

International relations
Althen-des-Paluds is twinned with Monte Carlo, Monaco.

Gallery
 File:Althen - Mairie.JPG|Town hall of Althen des Paluds File:Eglise à Athen des Paluds.JPG|Church of Althen des Paluds File:J Althen.JPG|Jean Althen Statue

title: Althen-des-Paluds


text:
Xenomorph (disambiguation)

The Xenomorph (Greek for "a strange form, an alien creature") is the main fictional antagonist in the Alien franchise.

Xenomorph may also refer to:

 * Xenomorph (geology), a mineral that did not develop its external crystal form
 * Xenomorph (video game), a 1990 science-fiction role-playing video game
 * Xenomorph (band), a Dutch death metal band formed in 1994
 * Xenomorph, a fictional creature on the 1988 television series Something Is Out There

title: Xenomorph (disambiguation)


text:
Cookbook:San Francisco style Scallop Ceviche

| California cuisine | Seafood | Appetizers

A ceviche is a seafood dish, originating in Peru, that relies on acid rather than heat to cook the fish. This recipe adds a bit of a California twist by adding sliced avocado to the dish.

Ingredients

 * 1 pound (450 g) bay scallops
 * ½ cup (125 ml) lemon juice (about 3–4 lemons)
 * 4 red bell peppers, roasted, peeled, and seeded
 * 2 tablespoons (30 ml) balsamic vinegar
 * 2 tablespoons (30 ml) extra-virgin olive oil
 * ½ teaspoon (2.5 ml) ground cayenne pepper
 * Salt, to taste
 * 1 avocado, peeled and sliced

Procedure

 * 1) In a non-reactive bowl, combine the scallops and lemon juice. Add more juice as needed to cover the scallops.
 * 2) Refrigerate, covered, and stir often for 2 hours, until the scallops become opaque.
 * 3) Combine the bell peppers, vinegar, oil, cayenne, and salt into a food processor or blender, and purée.
 * 4) To serve, spoon the sauce onto individual plates, drain the scallops, and place them on the sauce. Garnish with slices of avocado.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * For a more Southwestern flavor, replace ¼ cup lemon juice with lime juice, and replace the bell peppers with New Mexico chili peppers.

Warnings

 * Eating raw seafood can cause illness if it is not fresh.


text:
Psychology/Keywords

abnormal behavior

applied psychology

behavior

behaviorism

clinical psychology

cognitive psychology

consumer psychology

counseling psychology

developmental psychology

educational psychology

environment

environmental psychology

experimental psychology

forensic psychology

functionalism

gestalt psychology

heredity

industrial/organizational psychology

introspection

psychiatry

psychoanalysis

psychoanalyst

psychodynamic psychology

psychology

sociocultural perspective

sport and excercise psychology

structuralism

system of pyschology

theory

unconscious

title: Psychology/Keywords


text:
Civ/Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri/The Alien Crossfire Factions

''For the original seven factions, see Civ/Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri/Factions. Also see Civ/Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri/Understanding the game.''

The Cybernetic Consciousness
Prime Function Aki-Zeta 5

At a Glance:
 * +2 Efficiency
 * +2 Research
 * -1 Growth
 * Spoils of War
 * No penalties for Cybernetic Social Engineering choice.

Aki-Zeta 5's game
-1 Growth is a pretty huge penalty for a landward faction, but it does not even compare with the benefits this faction has. The efficiency (and ability to run Market), combined with the Research bonus makes this group a powerhouse by any definition, but when you add in the tech-steal ability, what you get is a faction that can stand up to any of the original seven, and then some! Their aversion is one you'd not run anyway (Fundamentalist), so essentially what you get is Deirdre's efficiency, Zakharov's research, and none of their crippling disabilities (Deirdre's lack of cash via market, and Zakharov's drones). That puts the faction in a position to do amazing things. So what if you have to build your own network nodes...with techsteal, active probes, and your inherent research bonus, getting and keeping the tech lead will not be difficult for this faction, growth penalty or no. The "no penalties for Cybernetic" thing is of little consequence, as by the time you are able to make that switch, the game is pretty well won or lost. Still, it's an interesting footnote that you don't need the Network Backbone to get around Cybernetic's negatives when playing this faction.

Aki-Zeta, the Builder
Played this way, you take advantage of your Techsteal ability by not taking advantage of it. Nobody will want to attack you for fear of your being able to rip down a base and steal their proprietary research, so if you're content to play nice, they'll probably be content to let you, and you can make good on your threat anytime you like...just go for Nonlinear Mathematics pretty early on (that being about the only deviation from the more Builder-oriented techs), and you can make good on the implied threat...since you start with Applied Physics, you're only one step away, which is great for you. As the consciousness, of course, you want to get those lab-enhancing facilities built as quickly as possible to further enhance your native +2 Research bonus, but that will mean building at least some energy banks and the like to help pay maintenance, so if you pursue the Builder path, then do it with a vengeance.

One thing that will help your Builder game is the Growth penalty. Bases won't be springing up to size in an uncontrolled fashion, and in general, you will have plenty of time to get all your Rec. Commons in place before it becomes an issue.

Aki-Zeta, the Hybrid
Impact weapons, Mobility, and Flex, and you're armed and doubly dangerous, as each one of your troopers is as good as a probe team too, if he's the one who moves into an enemy base. That, combined with your ability to do something other than fight (+2 Research) and do it efficiently, makes you a terrific choice for Hybrid style. Since you'll probably keep a standing army at the ready as soon as you get the techs to put something decent together (and you'll get those techs at a pretty good clip, thanks to your inherent strengths), you'll be in a much better position than your Builder cousins to make good on the threat of ripping down their defenses and stealing their techs(an ability which, by the way, lets you selectively ignore certain tech paths, knowing full well that when you get in a war, you'll be netting those techs anyway). Simply put, you will be hard pressed to find a better Hybrid faction in the game.

Aki-Zeta, the Conqueror
Again, your techsteal ability is pivotal to your entire game. In this case, ignore the juicy Builder techs entirely...you'll get them anyway when you tear down their bases. Just get a core group of mobile, heavily gunned attackers and make everybody else pay. Even without focusing on Network Nodes right away, you will still out tech everybody but Zakharov in the game, which means you can have your prototype Impact Rover rolling off the assembly lines before most folks have their prototype Synth-garrisons in place, and the math is very much on your side.

The Nautilus Pirates
Captain Ulrik Svensgaard

At a Glance:
 * -1 Efficiency
 * -1 Growth
 * +1 mineral/square (shelf only)
 * Terraform deep sea squares (with Advanced Ecological Engineering)
 * Marine Detachment (with Adaptive Doctrine)
 * Sea Colony Pod and Sea Former already prototyped
 * Free Naval Yard (with Doctrine: Initiative).

Ulrik Svensgaard's game
Your advantages grow over time as more techs are discovered, but even with what you have at the outset, the faction is a powerhouse by any definition. First consider that you begin the game in total isolation. No one can attack you at all until they get Doctrine: Flexibility, and build a fleet. Even then, all of the important advantages are yours in terms of sea-battling, and that only becomes more true as the game wears on. Next, is your inefficiency. Just as with Lal, this is easily overcome via the simplest of base facilities, and is not much to lose sleep over, and the Growth penalty simply keeps the faction from running away with the game. Sea bases are notoriously good at cranking out food, and when you get a few kelp farms in place, you will be able to grow like a proverbial weed in spite of the –1 Growth. In fact, you'll have such surpluses that you will barely notice it. The only thing that hurts a bit is the inability to execute an "easy" pop-boom, but again, if the Pirates could do that too, they'd simply run away with the game every time.

+1 mineral per square means that your early game mining platforms can keep you on-par and then some with your landlocked cousins, and again, you've got an easy 75 years of pretty much competition-free expansion...probably a hundred or more before someone mounts a serious offensive.

Marine Detachment ability is huge too, enabling you to capture enemy ships and upgrade accordingly (you'll want to cover the newly captured and weakened ships with interceptors to protect them from sniping while vulnerable, but remember, once you get them back to base, they'll be recovered in a single turn, thanks to your naval yards everywhere). You can also capture transports loaded with troops (effectively making the Marine Detachment like a Probe Team that can avoid stacking limits).

It's true, before the advent of fusion power, you will pay a premium for your formers and colony pods, but on the plus side, each base you build comes with a built in pressure dome, so even with fission reactors, they're a bargain for what you're getting.

Svensgaard, the Builder
Make use of your early game privacy to establish a ring of bases around an uninhabited large island or small continent, then send colony pods and formers to the mainland with a vengeance. This mixed approach will give you such a strong core empire, protected by equally strong coastal bases, who gain the benefits of all the coastal boreholes you built. After that, strike off the beaten path and start building deep sea bases that are worthless if taken from you. Thanks to mid-game techs, deep sea bases are good for you, and if you focus on kelp and tidal harnesses (using your highly developed core bases as cash cows), you can easily rush whatever infrastructure you need at the relatively mineral poor deep sea bases—it's important to set realistic goals here: Ten minerals at a deep sea base isn't too bad, and certainly sets you up well for rushing...not to mention the fact that in the late-mid game and beyond, you start to get Orbital Mining Stations, Robotic Assembly Plants and the like, which can turn even your modest sea bases into industrial powerhouses, enabling you to strike from unexpected directions if pressed.

Svensgaard, the Hybrid
This faction is a Hybrid player's dream, and there's absolutely no reason why you should not be in the driver's seat, diplomacy wise. You can find and infiltrate all the other factions before they make contact with each other, and with a steadily growing global naval presence, you can oftentimes dictate when or IF your various rivals will meet each other at all, simply sinking their fledgling navies as they come out of port. This kind of control over the ebb and flow of the game is key to influencing the metagame (more on that concept later) for all the players, and for this reason alone, I'd say that if any faction came close to being unbalanced, this is it.

Svensgaard, the Conqueror
Conquesting is easy for Svensgaard, since you start with two of the key techs you need to go hunting. Get a good weapon (Impact), and you don't even need the rovers...in fact, if you wait till you get Doctrine: Initiative (an early-mid game tech, at best), your infantry units actually become more effective than rovers, given that a transport full of assault marines can sweep in on any coastal base from five squares out and taking the base with complete surprise, and remaining entirely out of sensor range till the moment of the attack...this, combined with your inherent ability to capture transports filled with enemy troopers (at times, effectively doubling the size of your attack force), makes you deadly indeed. Pay close attention to the section on Naval Power...you'll be making heavy use of it.

Yes, air power may well be at the top of the food chain battle-wise, but 99 times in a hundred, initial contact with a faction not on your starting continent will be made in the water. Never forget that, and never underestimate the power inherent in being the first faction in the water to pop sea pods!

The Free Drones
Foreman Domai

At a Glance:
 * +2 Industry
 * -2 Research
 * Fewer drones
 * % chance that rioting bases will join you
 * Aversion Green

Domai's game
"The Mouse that Roared," would be an excellent descriptor for this faction...their puny research capabilities and punishingly slow start might seem to make them not worth playing, but that sweet industry bonus will more than make up for it in the end.

Simply put, while you may have a lagging research capability, there's nothing whatsoever to prevent you from making hordes of cash (Market), and that influx of energy, coupled with an Industrial capacity that no one else in the game can touch (Yang can come close, but still can't match you, and he has no money anyway), will quickly see you ratcheting up the power chart, and the speed with which you can crank out lab-enhancers and such will quickly undo your measly 20% penalty to research.

Miriam is drawn to Fundamentalist: it plays well with her other abilities and makes her a wretched researcher, but that is not the case with you, and in the absence of choosing Fundamentalist to render your bases and units immune to covert actions, the efficiencies of Democracy become much more attractive in peace time, with Police State in times of crisis (coupled with your inherently fewer drones to begin with).

Minerals drive the early game, and he who can build the most stuff the fastest will win. Nobody builds stuff faster than the Drones. Nobody.

Domai, the Builder
Building stuff quickly is what you guys do! All you need is Planetary Networks, and Doctrine Flex if you start by yourself, and you're off and running. Infiltrate, steal tech in the early game to give you the tools you need, and then use that amazing infrastructure to build everything with lightning speed. By the time you get your Treefarms in place, you'll have to remind yourself that you have a research penalty, things will be rolling along so well for you, and if you're pressed by an attack, it's easy to build a stout army very quickly with cash + your native industry. Domai must be fairly active at least in the early game) as a Builder though, much in the same vein as Miriam's Builder game. Probes are about the only way you can reach those much needed early game techs in reasonable time, so use them!

Domai, the Hybrid
Essentially, you make use of some of that incredible industrial advantage by "blunting" it slightly. In the early game, a high industry rating is nearly the same as a high support rating, enabling you to carry more units per base, cutting down your minerals available, but still building things reasonably quickly. What this means is that you'll be able to keep pace, build-wise, and support a big enough army/exploration force that no one will want to press you. The Research penalty truly IS a penalty in the early game, and you won't have a lot to do for the first ten years, but after that, and once you've found someone to trade with or steal techs from, you'll soon find yourself with a lot of new capabilities. One of the coolest features of the Drones is the ability to snag rioting bases from other factions, and this opens up whole new vistas for you and your probes, enabling you to get a toehold on continents by enciting drone riots and simply moving in, without firing a shot.

Domai, the Conqueror
Big Industry = Big Army. Probe. Techsteal. Build more stuff, more quickly. Drones win. Game. (And with the Drones, it really is that simple!)

The Data Angels
Datatech Sinder Roze

At a Glance:
 * +2 Probe
 * -1 Police
 * 25% cheaper probe actions
 * Free Covert Ops Center (with Pre-Sentient Algorithms)
 * Automatically discovers any tech known to three other factions
 * Aversion Power

Sinder Roze's game
A faction not given much consideration, in general, because unlike the others, they lack a well-founded ideological base, however, a closer look reveals that this group plays borrows heavily from Lal's Peacekeepers, Morgan, and the Nautilus Pirates in terms of playstyle...admittedly without any of their advantages, but that's okay, as they've got numerous advantages of their own.

Roze's singular negative is practically meaningless, while her other abilities are quite useful. +2 Probe effectively gives every unit you have the "Polymorphic Encryption" enhancement (for free!), further enhanced by actually giving that ability to your units if you feel the need to. Essentially this makes it almost ruinously expensive to steal bases or units away from you, enabling you to leave your units single stacked far more often than your opposition (which is great from a combat perspective). That, combined with your own, correspondingly cheaper probe actions puts you firmly in the driver's seat where Covert Ops are concerned. Add that to your sharetech3 ability (gives you the same effect as the Planetary Datalinks for free!), and what you have is a faction that is quite capable of defending itself from a variety of attacks, and able to zero in on specific areas of the tech tree, relying on the fact that your sharetech3 will enable you to pick up new technological advances from areas outside of what you are pursuing as those techs are traded and passed around the other factions. In fact, to make the most of your sharetech ability, you should play this group as a synthesis of Morgan, Lal, and Svensgaard. Seeing that the other factions are in contact with each other is very important to you, as it increases the likelihood of techs being traded around, which gives you direct benefits (and, if no one seems willing to trade tech with you in the game, you've got your probe teams to get them anyway!).

Your only Social Engineering aversion is Power, and that's one that doesn't really work well with this group in any case, so even if you could pick it, odds are good that you wouldn't. You're not hampered by a lack of energy, or any research or drone penalties, and that, combined with your probes, will very quickly put you in a position of dominance.

Morgan must rely on his additional cash windfall to subvert enemy troops that land, but you (with your cheaper cover ops rates) can accomplish the same ends with less money, putting you in the same or better position as Morgan, probe-wise.

Combatively, your troops are only average, but with your probe teams, it is entirely possible to stay in Free Market for the entire game and simply steal your opponents' bases one at a time, buying them out from under him, and stealing enemy troops as they drive up to try and get the base back.

Later in the game, the presence of a Covert Ops Center in each base, you've effectively got a +4 Probe rating, rendering you immune to probe actions a la Miriam, without any of her disadvantages! (Effectively giving you your own private "Hunter-Seeker Algorithm!")

Roze, the Builder
Regardless of your style of play, Probe Teams will play heavily into your overall strategy, and the Builder's game is no exception. As you've read before though, anybody who relies heavily on Probe Teams (Domai, Miriam, Yang, Cha'Dawn, and you especially), must play a fairly active Builder's game. Thus, your goal in the Data Angel Builder game is to mind your own business, building probes anytime you get a few free turns in a base's build queue, sending out the probe foils to go find the others, and keeping the rover and infantry based ones milling about your empire (or sneaking across a rival's border, if you've got company on your continent). If the bad guys come calling, a little bit of cash will net you with a bigger army, a weaker opponent, and fewer worries. Also, if one of your neighbors decides to continue to raise a fuss, drive a few probe foils over to his infrastructure poor (and thus, relatively inexpensive) bases and simply buy his empire away from him one piece at a time.

Roze, the Hybrid
Played this way, it's all about getting out and meeting people. Your favored SE settings will tend to put you in good standing with both Lal and Morgan (and sometimes, with fickle Svensgaard), and these are the more commerce-oriented factions, generally eager to trade and make treaties, so go out, meet interesting people from exotic, far-off lands, and infiltrate them, relying on your Builderesque approach to warfare. With Roze, you can run your entire exploration effort via probe teams and transport foils, which means you can stick to Market in all but the more dire circumstances.

Roze, the Conqueror
Run a brief, early period of Market to get yourself built up to a position of power, making use of Market's energy boon to give you the important early game mobility and combat techs relatively quickly, then, construct a medium-sized force, augmented with money and probes and go hunting! If you come across a base that looks like it might be a tough fight, fine. Buy it, add the garrison to your strike force, and keep moving. It is entirely possible for you to buy even a base with a number of secret projects in it on the cheap, something even Morgan is hard-pressed to do at times!

The Cult of Planet
Cha'Dawn

At a Glance:
 * +2 Planet
 * -1 Industry
 * -1 Economy
 * Brood Pit at each base (with Centauri Genetics)
 * Mind Worms are counted twice for police duty
 * Aversion Wealth

Cha'Dawn's game
Widely considered to be the weakest faction in the game, the Cult is still quite fun to play! Their planet bonus and lack of industrial might and cash makes it imperative that you play to this group's natural strengths, and that means going native with a vengeance! The Cult "Out-Greens" even Deirdre, able to catch more worms, more quickly. This in turn (if you have pod-scattering on) enables you to go pod-popping early on, which increases your chance of catching still more worms and that can very rapidly put you in a position to launch an early-game worm rush.

The vast majority of the factions in the game have no trouble with getting to +1 energy per square, which means they'll have no trouble out-teching you. Because of this, and because of your native strengths, you must play to the metagame and become the spoiler. Specifically, this means doing everything you can to enhance the power of your native life, attacking rivals who are running Market in order to deny them access to their much-cherished money. Simply put, you can win the battle and the war by taking the fight to a Marketeer. If they drop out of Market to fight you, you win by forcing them away from their principle source of money and tech (exception: Morgan!), and if not, you will run over them, given their –3 Planet Rating!

Cha'Dawn, the Builder
It's not that you don't build well...you do okay at that, at least as well as the Spartans, but the trouble is, without some serious crawlers to augment your lagging energy production, lab-enhancers just aren't going to benefit you as much as some of the other factions. This is not to say that you should avoid them, only to point out that you will need to augment your infrastructure with a bit of an energy kick in order to get yourself up to something near parity with your Market-loving rivals (and, set up this way, when you succeed in driving your rivals away from Market, you will actually be out-producing them!) Nonetheless, pure Builder Style is a difficult game for Cha'Dawn, as you must be active if you hope to exploit your position relative to Marketeers. Also, as with the other technologically lagging factions, you must take an active stance with your Probe Teams, though, like Yang, you will seldom be in a cash-rich enough of a position to make use of many of the covert ops requiring you to spend credits. Still, as a means of keeping tech parity, Probe Teams should play an integral part of your strategy.

Cha'Dawn, the Hybrid
Much more natural a style with this faction. In times of peace, you can devote yourself to the creating of fungal barriers and fungal farms, and building up your mineral and energy position via crawlers (both of which will help you offset your starting negatives), all the while, searching out your rival factions. Once you find someone, infiltrate, and as soon as you see them making a switch to Market, hammer them hard with your captured worm force!

Cha'Dawn, the Conqueror
Sleek and fast, and...pure native! This is actually one of the simplest and most different ways of playing the game.

The first thing you need to do is catch a worm. Just send your scout out to play in the fungus, and before long, you'll be all set. Send your worm out to pop some serious pods, and try to catch another worm. Essentially, this means more playing in the fungus for you (and all the while, your bases are slowly but steadily working on Colony Pods to continue your expansion). Once you've got two worms, you're really rolling, because now the first can continue the pod-popping crusade (which will go far in keeping you in the ball-park, tech-wise), and the other can begin some serious worm farming (getting three chances per turn, unlike your scout's one) to stir up some native life. At this point, you're in prime position to get ready to do a big worm rush (and it generally only takes 4-6 Worms in the early game).

If you're alone on your continent, then your next two overriding goals ought to be Planetary Networks (for Probe Teams) and Doctrine: Flexibility (for transports) so you can go make some greedy Marketeer pay!

The Manifold Caretakers
Conservator Lular H’minee

At a Glance:
 * +1 Planet
 * +25% Defensive bonus
 * Free Recycling Center at each base
 * Space Survey
 * Directed Research
 * 3-Res armour researched at start
 * Deep Radar for all units

''Note: some people disagree with Velociryx's assessment of the alien factions. Feel free to make this more neutral.''

Lular H'minee's game
Arguably overpowered in human hands, almost to the point of making the game tedious. It's a cakewalk. Nobody will have much luck in attacking, you begin with a recycling tanks at every base, which means that you don't have to worry as much about terraforming, and farms are not really needed much at all until the midgame. All in all, you have a vastly simplified game, with more techs at game start, and an almost unbelievably strong defensive position.

H'minee, the Builder
This group was designed for the Builder game. You can play the part of the turtle, and do quite well. A program of rapid expansion will see you filling up the continent quickly (possibly switching to battle mode if you see that you're not alone, and sweeping them off the map before they can build to any significance), then, just become a hermit. Terraform to your heart's content and use your impressive tech lead (and it will be impressive) to hammer the daylights out of anybody who wants to spoil your fun!

H'minee, the Hybrid
Also easy to do. With your tech lead in the beginning, augmented by automatic Recycling tanks at all bases, your research will be top notch. That alone will make the Hybrid game easy, because you will be able to field better troops than most, if not all of your opponents. That, coupled with the fact that your 25% defensive bonus kicks in from the moment you take over a base makes it unlikely that the opposition will be able to root you out, once you get a foothold.

H'minee, the Conqueror
Again, fairly easy to do, but, with H'minee, you're probably better off simply subverting human bases to avoid population flight, and again, captured garrisons will gain that additional 25% defensive bonus from the moment you take control of the base.

The Manifold Usurpers
Conqueror Judaa Marr

At a Glance:
 * +1 Growth
 * +1 Morale
 * -1 Planet
 * +25% Offensive bonus
 * Free Recycling Center at each base
 * Space Survey
 * Directed Research
 * 3-Res armour researched at start
 * Deep Radar for all units
 * Aversion Democracy

''Note: some people disagree with Velociryx's assessment of the alien factions. Feel free to make this more neutral.''

Judaa Marr's game
Again, an almost impossibly easy game, no matter what level of play you select. You get all the advantages of Miriam's attackers, with none of her disadvantages, a morale boost besides that, a free recycling tanks at each base (which, as per the Caretakers, dramatically speeds up your game), and three techs at game start. You would have to try hard not to win the game with these guys! With normal research rates, your tech will be as good, if not better than everybody around you (especially since you are guaranteed of one extra energy per base, with your free Recycling Tanks, and three techs at game start), and with your attack bonuses you are, simply put, a terror.

Marr, the Builder
Sure, you can do this well, but why? Of course, if you're just looking to play the Builder's game with the ultimate "big stick," then this faction will do the job for you. No one will want to attack you, figuring that if you're content to build, in most cases, they'll be content to let you. At least you're not attacking them!

Marr, the Hybrid
A cakewalk. Again, in times of peace, nobody will even breathe hard in your direction for fear of provoking you, and you can focus on infrastructure, and, if the time comes to attack...well, your faction was born and bred for it!

Marr, the Conqueror
You could do this with your eyes closed! Just follow the human-faction momentum paradigms with a vengeance and you will beat them at their own game every time. Probe teams and foils first, then sweep in for the kill, and you have a leg up again, thanks to the free Rec. Tanks at the outset!

''This information was originally written by Velociryx in his SMAC FAQ. Used with permission.''


text:
sótano

Etymology
From alteration of, from , from. Compare 🇨🇬. Less likely from a Vulgar Latin (whence 🇨🇬), itself also a derivative of.

Noun

 * 1) cellar
 * 2) basement
 * 3)  pit
 * 1)  pit

title: sótano


text:
2020–21 Ukrainian Cup

The 2020–21 Ukrainian Cup  was the 30th annual season of Ukraine's football knockout competition. The competition started on 26 August 2020 and concluded on 13 May 2021 with the final at the Ternopilsky Misky Stadion in Ternopil.

All competition rounds consisted of a single game with a home field advantage granted to a team from lower league. Draw for all the rounds was blind. Qualification for the competition was granted to all professional clubs and finalists of the 2019–20 Ukrainian Amateur Cup.

This season was the first, when two teams started the competition from the quarter-final stage: the defending winners (Dynamo Kyiv) and the champions of Ukraine of the previous season (Shakhtar Donetsk).

Dynamo Kyiv won their joint-record 13th Ukrainian Cup title after beating Zorya Luhansk 1–0 in extra time in the final. They therefore qualified to the play-off round of the 2020–21 UEFA Europa League, however they qualified for the Champions League through league season.

Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, access of spectators to stadium was limited, but was allowed to one of postponed games (matches) of the first preliminary round on 9 September 2020 at Slavutych Arena.

Team allocation and schedule
The competition includes all professional first teams from the Premier League (14/14 teams of the league), First League (16/16), Second League (23/27) and two best teams from the previous year's Amateur Cup. Three second club teams from the Second League are not eligible for the tournament, FC Kalush did not participate.

Competition schedule
Legends: AM – AAFU (amateur) competitions (IV tier), 2L – Second League (III tier), 1L – First League (II tier), PL – Premier League (I tier)

First preliminary round (1/64)
In this round, 13 clubs from the First League, 23 clubs from the Second League and both finalists of the 2019–20 Ukrainian Amateur Cup entered the competition.

The draw was held on 21 August 2020.

 * Notes

Second preliminary round (1/32)
In this round, 3 clubs from the First League entered the competition and joined the 19 winners of the First preliminary round (11 clubs from First League, 7 – Second League, 1 – amateurs).

The draw was held on 10 September 2020.

Third preliminary round (1/16)
In this round, 11 clubs from the Premier League will enter the competition and join the 11 winners of the Second preliminary round (7 clubs from First League, 3 – Second League, 1 – amateurs).

The draw was held on 18 September 2020.

 * Notes:

Round of 16 (1/8)
In this round, Zorya Luhansk from the Premier League will enter the competition and join the 11 winners of the Third preliminary round (8 clubs from Premier League, 3 – First League, 1 – Second League).

The draw was held on 27 October 2020. The game Desna – Zorya was postponed to 16 December 2020.

Quarter-finals (1/4)
In this round, Shakhtar Donetsk and Dynamo Kyiv from the Premier League will enter the competition and join the 6 winners of the Round of 16 (4 clubs from Premier League, 2 – First League).

The draw was held on 18 December 2020.

Semi-finals (1/2)
The base date for matches of this round is 21 April 2021. The draw was held on 4 March 2021.

Final
The city of Ternopil hosted its first Ukrainian Cup final at Ternopilsky Misky Stadion and first major competition final overall, after the previous season's final was initially moved from Ternopil to Lviv and then moved again to Kharkiv due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine.

Bracket
The following is the bracket which the main stage of the Ukrainian Cup resembles. Numbers in parentheses next to the match score represent the results of a penalty shoot-out.

Top goalscorers
The competition's top ten goalscorers including preliminary rounds.

Notes:

title: 2020–21 Ukrainian Cup


text:
Preondactylus

Preondactylus is a genus of long-tailed pterosaurs from the Late Triassic (Carnian-Norian or late Norian, about 217-214 million years ago) that inhabited what is now Italy. It contains a single known species, Preondactylus buffarinii, which was discovered by Nando Buffarini in 1982 at the Forni Dolostone near Udine in the Preone valley of the Italian Alps.

Discovery
When Buffarini first discovered Preondactylus, the thin slab of bituminous, dolomitic limestone containing the fossil was accidentally broken into pieces while being extracted. After reassembly the rock was cleaned with water by him and his wife and the marl and in it the bone was washed away and lost. All that was left was a negative imprint on the stone, of which a silicon rubber cast was made to allow for subsequent study of the otherwise lost remains. Most of the skeleton is known, but the posterior portions of the skull have not been preserved. This first specimen is the holotype: MFSN-1770. A second, disarticulated specimen, MFSN-1891, was found at the same locale in 1984 about 150–200 meters (490–650 ft) deeper into the strata than the original find. The second specimen appears to have been preserved in the gastric pellet of a predatory fish, which had consumed the pterosaur and vomited up the indigestible pieces that would later fossilize. More detailed knowledge of the variability of Triassic pterosaurs has made the identification of this specimen as Preondactylus uncertain, and it may even be that the remains are not those of a pterosaur at all.

A third specimen is MFSN 25161, a partial skull, lacking the lower jaws.

Description
Preondactylus had single cusp teeth, meaning they had one point on each tooth. Its diet either consisted of fish, insects or both, but there is still debate going on as the tooth structure could indicate either diet (or both). The holotype had a wingspan of 45 cm, while a larger referred specimen is estimated to have a wingspan of 1.5 m. The short wings are considered a "primitive" feature for pterosaurs, but Preondactylus was a fully developed flier.

Phylogeny
The species was described and named by Rupert Wild in 1984. The genus name refers to Preone, the specific name honours Buffarini. Rupert classified the new species within Rhamphorhynchidae, of which group very old species are known such as Dorygnathus, but soon it was understood the form was much more basal. A cladistic analysis by David Unwin found Preondactylus as the most basal pterosaur, and the species was accordingly used by him for a node clade definition of the clade Pterosauria. Other analyses however, have found a somewhat more derived position for Preondactylus. The following phylogenetic analysis follows the topology of Upchurch et al. (2015).

Literature

 * Dalla Vecchia F.M., 1998, "New observations on the osteology and taxonomic status of Preondactylus buffarinii Wild, 1984 (Reptilia, Pterosauria)", Boll. Soc. Paleont. It., 36(3, 1997): 355-366
 * Dalla Vecchia F.M., 1998, "New observations on the osteology and taxonomic status of Preondactylus buffarinii Wild, 1984 (Reptilia, Pterosauria)", Boll. Soc. Paleont. It., 36(3, 1997): 355-366
 * Dalla Vecchia F.M., 1998, "New observations on the osteology and taxonomic status of Preondactylus buffarinii Wild, 1984 (Reptilia, Pterosauria)", Boll. Soc. Paleont. It., 36(3, 1997): 355-366

title: Preondactylus


text:
Ericeia sobria

Ericeia sobria is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in Kenya, South Africa (Eastern Cape), Gambia, Borneo, New Guinea and Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland and New South Wales.

The wingspan is about 50 mm. The wings are patterned brown with a darker vague submarginal band.

title: Ericeia sobria


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/DJ Premier production discography

The result of the debate was merge. Johnleemk | Talk 16:04, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

DJ Premier production discography
c. i dont know if you guys read point b.? the article takes correct information from the afromentioned site (which stands under a Creative Commons license which is harmed) without linking or crediting and adds additional false information. is that not reason enough for a deletion? who-am-i 15:57, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * a. wikipedia is not a place for discographies
 * b. this article heavily "borrows" from http://gangstarr.ga.ohost.de/
 * edit:

*Delete per nom. JoshuaZ 04:02, 20 March 2006 (UTC) Merge per Tom. JoshuaZ 04:47, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge with DJ_Premier. Pleanty of musicians have their discographies listed on wikipedia, however a seperate articles is unwarrented.Tombride 04:24, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge per Tombride -- T B C [[Image:Confused-tpvgames.gif|18px|]] ???  ???   ??? 04:43, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge to DJ Premier as per Tombride. Can't sleep, clown will eat me 08:06, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge, pretty clear-cut case. Lankiveil 11:13, 20 March 2006 (UTC).
 * Merge, as per all of the above comments. DJ Premier is notable, but he doesn't need a seperate article for his discography. Jud e (talk,contribs,email) 11:53, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge per Tombride. --Ter e nce Ong 11:59, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge per Tombride. ¡Dustimagic!  ( T / C ) 13:49, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom; don't merge information that is copyvio'd, it would just make the copyvios harder to find and delete later. ergot 19:07, 22 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
Wikiversity:Teaching

This page will be the entry point for teachers. Their main interest might be looking for learning materials, which will be searchable by type, level etc. We also hope to develop lesson plans around the teaching of these materials, so that teachers can share what they've done or how they've found other teachers' materials or lesson plans to be.

For general information on teaching, for now, see the Wikiversity School of Education.

Understand the Material
If you're going to teach something you should understand the material. The important that you have an understanding of the material that is at least slightly better than required. A complete understanding is a good thing, but in some subjects getting that could take far too long.

Preparing your Teaching Materials
You can lecture, you can assign reading, whatever you want; Make sure it can keep the students attention. Just remember no matter what medium it immediately becomes victim of the. The material will be forgotten very quickly if it is just information given to them.

Battling Forgetting
There are three main ways used to get students to remember something:

 * Logarithmically-spaced (e.g. after 1 day, after 1 week, after 2 months) repetition (transferal from short term to medium term memory or from medium term to long term memory). For example learning historical dates, root vocabulary in a foreign language, and multiplication tables are taught using this method.
 * Tie what you are teaching to things the student already knows. By tying the information to things the student already understand the information stays in memory longer.
 * Capture the student's desire to know more.

The second and third method combined is preferred whenever possible.

Answering Questions
This is where a lot of teachers fail, they hear the question then jump to conclusions on what the student's problem is. It doesn't look great to stand in front of class for 10 minutes going on about something irrelevant. When someone asks a question you must think about what their problem is. Make sure to ask them specifically about it to make sure you're about to explain the relevant subject.

Being Good at Teaching
You just have to do the last 4 things. Understand it, make the material interesting or present it in interesting ways, have ways for keeping the information in the students' memory, and answer questions without jumping to conclusions. Doing it well comes from practice, and/or having had enough bad teachers to already know these things.

Materials
This page could be structured by departments that might be found in a non-virtual university. However, since this is a hypertext, fields can be linked to in multiple departments. For example, the Computing could be linked from the Matematics Department and the School of Business, as well as being a part of the Department of Computational Sciences.

Perhaps, it will not be useful to structure this page into what can already be found at Browse. Ideas on how to structure this page are welcome below. Overall, this page needs to be of immediate practical use to teachers.

Lesson plans
See Creating a lesson plan

Suggestions
Please add your suggestions here on how you think we can make this page most useful.

Please note that: Cross-linking of knowledge areas is, like the human memory system, a multi-dimensional matrix. That is, the nature of the link is predicated by the origin and destination context. A student may therefore be interested in a data block for reasons entirely different to those of another student who nevertheless shares an interest in the same data block. In fact it is this difference in reasons that yields different information inculcated by such individual students. Unless and until a teacher/lecturer recognises this aspect of learning, his/her teaching efficacy will be less than adequate.

Dr. King

title: Wikiversity:Teaching


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/Local/lagosloadeds.com

Links

 * lagosloadeds.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Selected additions

 * Displayed 1 additions out of 1 total.	 For more info see WikiProject_Spam/LinkReports/lagosloadeds.com

Entry
Log entry for the MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist:

\blagosloadeds\.com\b       # ADMINNAME # see  [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spam/Local/lagosloadeds.com ]]

Discussion
See COIBot report for more details.

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 05:45, 18 September 2017 (UTC) Autostale: very old local report (>7 days). No links left in here mentioned edits. Marked stale. . --COIBot (talk) 16:37, 18 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Dionysos (opera)

The result was: promoted by Cwmhiraeth (talk) 05:47, 29 September 2017 (UTC)

Dionysos (opera)

 * ... that Wolfgang Rihm's opera Dionysos, with a libretto by Rihm using only words by Nietzsche, was first performed at the Salzburg Festival and called premiere of the year? several
 * Reviewed: New Britain bronzewing

Created by Gerda Arendt (talk). Self-nominated at 11:34, 20 September 2017 (UTC).

 * Symbol confirmed.svg Good to go! It's been expanded in the last several days, it's long enough, the hook is cited, it's within policy, and the QPQ has been met. Futurist110 (talk) 01:09, 21 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
Molipteryx hardwickii

Molipteryx hardwickii is a species of squash bugs belonging to the subfamily Coreinae.

Distribution
This species is present in India and Nepal.

title: Molipteryx hardwickii


text:
verdieping

Etymology
From, from. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) ; storey

Etymology
From. . Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

The sense “storey” derives from a late-medieval practice of gaining an additional storey by lowering the floor of a house’s attic and/or putting the ground floor below ground level.

Noun

 * 1)  deepening
 * 2)  floor, storey

Usage notes

 * In the Dutch-speaking countries, is the first floor above ground level (as in British usage). The ground floor is called . Until the seventeenth century,  could have both senses.

title: verdieping


text:
bedeuten

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to imply, to mean, to signify, to indicate, to spell, to betoken
 * 2)  to signify to, to have meaning to
 * 3)  to signify, to represent, to denote (To have a certain meaning (when translated, deciphered, etc.)
 * 1)  to signify, to represent, to denote (To have a certain meaning (when translated, deciphered, etc.)
 * 1)  to signify, to represent, to denote (To have a certain meaning (when translated, deciphered, etc.)

title: bedeuten


text:
Notary Chamber of Georgia

The Notary Chamber of Georgia is a legal entity of public law that was established on May 3, 1996 pursuant to the Georgian Law about Notary. The Notary Chamber of Georgia is based upon compulsory membership of notaries. The Supreme management body of the Notary Chamber of Georgia is the General Meeting of Members of the Chamber, while its executive body is the Board of the Chamber, consisting of 7 members to be elected by the General Meeting of Members at nomination of the Minister of Justice. The state control over notary activity is performed by the Ministry of Justice (Georgia), being entitled to inspect notary’s official activities, but having no right to intervene in performing notary acts by the notary. Since October 2007, the Notary Chamber of Georgia has become a member of the International Union of Latin Notaries. International Union of Latin Notaries.

Functions and aims
The Notary Chamber of Georgia represents and protects notaries’ interests and assists them in performing their duties. The Chamber involves notaries solving the unique problems associated with notary services and implementation of general professional interests of notaries. The Training Center under the Chamber administers training of notary candidates and oversees the qualification of notaries and notary offices.

Professional Day of Notaries
The Professional day of Notaries, on November 7, has been celebrated in Georgia since 2002. The day was associated with Christian festivities, in particular the remembrance day of Saint Marcianus and Martvir. In the 4th century these saints served in the cathedral of Constantinople and were notaries of the patriarch, Paul the Confessor. It is dedicated to summarizing introduced reforms and achievements of notary and charity.

Deontology Code of Notaries
A Deontology code of notaries was approved in Georgia on October 6, 2011. The document is the first code of ethics in notary history. It determines the general principles of professional ethics and moral standards for notaries, which guide their relations with the general public, as well as state bodies and colleagues.

Services of the Notary Chamber
In the Notary Chamber, one may access the notary archives. Archives of notary documents maintained by the notaries with terminated authority or deceased notaries are kept in the archives of the Notary Chamber and certified copies of such documents may be issued. Accelerated services were also introduced in the archives of the Notary Chamber. Since 2011 one may enjoy the services of the archive of the Notary Chamber at the Houses of Justice and notary offices as well.

Notary service
Notary certified documents have unquestionable probative force. Principal notary acts are as follows:

 * Certification of deals (mortgage, purchase, etc.);
 * Issuing of ownership certificates;
 * Certification of Powers of Attorney;
 * Certification of conformity of copy with its original document or extract;
 * Certification of genuineness of the signature being executed on the document;
 * Certification of accuracy of translation from one language to another;
 * Certification of time of submission of a document;
 * Taking money, securities and values on deposit;
 * Issuing a writ of execution;
 * Registering entries on ownership right on property, amendment in the right and/or termination of the right and issuing relevant extracts;
 * Registering marriage or dissolution of marriage;
 * Enjoying the right to publicly offer a thing…

In 2011 notaries acting within Georgian territory have performed 1 413 668 notary acts. 25 628 of which were certified on-line; In 2012, 19 103 of which were certified on-line. Georgia is the first country worldwide where notary acts are performed via the internet. In 2011, 1,271 writs of execution were issued. A Notary issues a writ of execution on the basis of any deal associated with monetary liabilities. In 2012, 1,278 writs of execution were issued.

Resources in internet
Official website of the Notary Chamber of Georgia

title: Notary Chamber of Georgia


text:
cuiloni

Etymology
cui "to take; to have sex with" + -lōni

Noun

 * 1) The passive partner in anal sex.

title: cuiloni


text:
toimitus

Noun

 * 1) delivery, dispatch, shipping
 * 2) delivery, dispatch, shipment
 * 3) supply, provision usually of a continuously provided resource
 * 4) process, procedure;  proceedings set of actions done to achieve a goal
 * 5) ceremony ritual, with religious or cultural significance
 * 6) action, performance something performed, often ritual or unusual
 * 7) operation, action something carried out, usually as part of a task
 * 8) editorial staff, editorial office; the editors of a publication
 * 9) publication a published scientific article
 * 10)  check-in, commit submission of changes to version control
 * 1) action, performance something performed, often ritual or unusual
 * 2) operation, action something carried out, usually as part of a task
 * 3) editorial staff, editorial office; the editors of a publication
 * 4) publication a published scientific article
 * 5)  check-in, commit submission of changes to version control
 * 1) publication a published scientific article
 * 2)  check-in, commit submission of changes to version control
 * 1) publication a published scientific article
 * 2)  check-in, commit submission of changes to version control
 * 1)  check-in, commit submission of changes to version control
 * 1)  check-in, commit submission of changes to version control

title: toimitus


text:
Nerd project

Nerds & Geeks: An Etiological History and its Psychosocial Implications

Why is this research required?
The way people construct or know their own and other's social identities affects the way people relate to each other and to their reality. By attaining a better understanding of what a nerd is, and where the spectrum of nerd identities/stereotypes came from, we may reach a better understanding of how this identity has shaped the way individuals experience and interact with society.

It is also useful, for the purpose of establishing the historical record, to examine "the nerd" at a moment in history when the work of computer nerds in particular appears to be profoundly re-shaping advanced societies. This is causing a profound shift in the social acceptance and media portrayal of nerds, yet an extensive literature search shows that there appears to be almost no current activity in academic research on nerds.

Questions involved
Please use this space to brain storm.
 * What is a nerd?
 * What is the spectrum of "nerd-ness"? What are the core nerd personality traits?
 * How did this identity originate? And where? In what culture?
 * What are the implications of being labeled a nerd?
 * Is the term generally considered to be endearing, pejorative, or merely descriptive and neutral?
 * Is the label short lived or enduring?
 * What are the implications of labeling oneself a nerd?
 * What are causal factors involved with labeling oneself a nerd?
 * What are the psychological processes involved?
 * What percentage of heavy computer users label themselves as nerds?
 * What percentage of people label themselves a nerd?
 * What percentage of nerds will report positive valance about schema surrounding their identity as a nerd?
 * What is the differences between males and females who label themselves nerds?
 * Are "nerds" a cross cultural phenomenon? Or are they specific to only a few social groups?
 * Generally, do nerds have a greater or fewer number of sexual partners than the average person?
 * Are the quality of the sexual experiences of nerds of higher or lower quality than those who are "not nerds"?
 * Are there objective criteria for what is qualitatively or quantitively a nerd?
 * Gender bias.
 * Are social groups and activities that are perceived as "nerdy" subject to sexual stereotyping about their relevance to women and men?
 * Is there wide-spread misunderstanding about the relative worth of "nerdy activities" to women and men?
 * Is there active promotion of misconceptions about the relevance of "nerdy activities" to both sexes?
 * Do social groups that self-identify as "nerdy" unfairly exclude more women than men?

Methods
It seems, thus far in the project, that the primary research tool will be research of current literature, and the qualitative study of various social facts. If it is deemed useful, then perhaps an ethnographic approach will be embraced as the study progresses.

Things to do

 * Conduct an initial literature search and review
 * Obtain and read through all the research books and papers
 * Structure the project
 * Conduct additional research
 * Find other collaborators and suitable advanced discussion forums

Abstract/Introduction/Background
Since the microcomputer revolution of the mid 1970s, a new category of identity has been formed in the English-speaking world. This identity is that of "the nerd". The mass media has played a complex role in reflecting and amplifying the nerd stereotype. This media portrayal has built upon a previous tradition of portraying eccentric and obsessed scientists and inventors.

The portrayal of the nerd stereotype has happened at a time when other male roles (e.g.: "the sports jock") have also been changing in their nature and scope. Certain male identity formations have been de-legitimised by the media. Researchers such as De Oca have published research on other social identities such as the "The male consumer as loser" and have traced the etiology of this identity to the rise of the Superbowl, Sports Illustrated, and the connected marketing campaigns of alcohol companies.

The research of de Oca & Messner (2005) begs the questions, did the media shape the social identities of the individuals who could currently be stereotyped as "the male consumer-loser" or was this social identity a natural evolution brought about by other psycho-social causal factors that the advertising simply utilized to sell a product? To discover definitively what were the causal factors that led to the social perception of the existence of "nerds" is not necessarily the scope of this project. Tentatively, the scope of this project is to discover the possible causal historical correlates that coincide with the rise of the modern "nerd" identity, and what the possible causes and implications of this identity are.

History
Nerd, as a stereotypical or archetypal designation, refers to somebody who passionately pursues intellectual or esoteric interests - such as books and video games rather than having a social life, participating in any physical activity, or having friends. The Merriam-Webster English Dictionary definition is an...

 * "unstylish, unattractive, or socially inept person; especially : one slavishly devoted to intellectual or academic pursuits"

The term "Nerd" goes back at least to 1951, when Newsweek reported the usage as relatively new in Detroit, Michigan. By the 1960s, it took on connotations of bookishness as well as social ineptitude. The word itself first appeared in Dr. Seuss's book If I Ran the Zoo, published in 1950, where it simply names one of Seuss's many comical imaginary animals. The narrator Gerald McGrew claims that he would collect "a Nerkle, a Nerd, and a Seersucker too" for his imaginary zoo.

Another theory of the word's origin sees it as a variation on Mortimer Snerd, the name of Edgar Bergen's ventriloquist dummy.

Yet another theory traces the term to Northern Electric Research and Development, suggesting images of engineers wearing pocket protectors with the acronym N.E.R.D. printed on them.

In the 1933 film Dinner at Eight, Jean Harlow's character replies to her husband's suggestion that she might enjoy mingling with Washington "cabinet members' wives" by saying, "Nerds!... A lot of sour-faced frumps with last year's clothes on, pinning medals on Girl Scouts and pouring tea for the DARs..." [Spelling is from Turner DVD subtitles and not verified by the original script.] (However, this may be an intentional softening of the expletive "Nuts!", which was considered vulgar at the time.)

Finally, oral history at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, holds that the word was coined there, spelled as "knurd" ("drunk" spelled backwards), to describe those who studied rather than partied. (This usage predates a similar coinage of "knurd" by author Terry Pratchett.)

The term itself was used heavily in the American 1974–1984 television comedy Happy Days which was set in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the mid-1950s.

In the 1940s, the word "weakling" or "wimp" was used before the word "nerd" was used widely. Comic book ads for Charles Atlas weights and workout books were often accompanied by a short comic strip about a skinny "weakling" and his girlfriend at the beach. In the strip, a muscular bully kicks sand on the weakling. His girlfriend leaves him for the bully. The weakling exercises (using Atlas's trademarked "Dynamic Tension" method) until he has bigger muscles than the bully. He then defeats the bully in a fist fight. The girl leaves the bully, and joins the former weakling again as his girlfriend. This simple comic strip may have shaped nerd-versus-bully storylines thereafter.

Popular culture
Dramatic media depictions of good nerds typically reveal them to be good-hearted people who wish harm on no one, but are bullied by their obvious intellectual inferiors. Many nerds in fiction play roles as supporting characters who provide valuable sources of information or useful skills for the heroes. Nerds as lead characters often have a secret identity as a superhero; in these cases, a put-upon person has a wonderful secret (examples include Peter Parker/Spider-Man and Clark Kent/Superman). Nerds in supporting roles often feature as technological geniuses who invent or repair various devices that enable the main characters to move towards a goal. They also serve as socially inept foils to much more charming main characters, and are sometimes depicted as being lovelorn and longing for attractive females who are beyond their status.

Nerds are often used for comic relief, for example by overconfidently making advances towards a woman they like but being rebuffed in a rude (but funny) manner. Sometimes they are made to be overconfident to the point of obnoxiousness, to make them seem deserving of their poor treatment.

Evil nerds, typically embittered from a lifetime as a social outcast and seeking revenge upon the world, provide a popular archetype for the supervillain, often as a mad scientist. This suggests that these characters represent the subconscious cultural fear that the highly intelligent have the ability to do great harm, and a willingness to do it. This seems to be the modern equivalent of the portrayal of scientists in the science fiction "bug movies" of the 1950s, representing societal fears about the harmful effects that nuclear power might cause.[citation needed]. A more modern example of the evil nerd is enemy computer programmer Boris Grischenko in the James Bond film GoldenEye. Grishenko also embodies the obnoxious aspect in some nerds, with his catchphrase, "Yes! I am invincible!" after having cracked a computer code.

The total opposite of a nerd is shown in Jay Ward's "Mr. Know-It-All" cartoon segments. Bullwinkle, also known as Mr. Know-It-All, thinks he can do certain things, when he cannot due to his stupidity. In the cartoons, Boris Badenov (or some other evil character) usually beats up Mr. Know-It-All. Meanwhile, the time-traveling duo from this cartoon series — Mister Peabody, a talking dog, and his boy, Sherman — are both nerds; they both sport dark-rimmed glasses, and the dog wears a bow tie.

The artist "Weird Al" Yankovic composed a song entitled White and Nerdy. In the song he lists typical characteristics of a nerd. For example, being an avid Star Trek viewer, knowing programming code, playing Dungeons and Dragons, and editing Wikipedia.

Characteristics
Non-nerds often think of nerds as intelligent yet socially awkward people. Nerds generally express an above-normal interest in a particular complex subject and often function as polymaths. Topics dealing with science, technology, comic books, complex board games (particularly chess, role-playing games, and wargames), classical music, artificial intelligence, video games and science fiction, horror and fantasy literature books, TV shows and movies have all become heavily associated with nerds, as have conventions relating to these various topics.

Despite their crucial function as a class within modern society, there has been almost no serious and methodologically-reliable academic research published on geeks/nerds, apart from a handful of studies of their consumption-based fan cultures. Some commentators have noticed similarities between pronounced nerdy behavior and the neurological disorder known as high-functioning Asperger syndrome. The lack of serious studies of nerds means that we have no basis in research for proving such a correlation, causal or other relationship between the two types.

In the practice of psychology, geeks and nerds can be said to be Myers-Briggs Type Indicator INTP, ENTP or INTJ, and, in various cases, ENTJ. However, due to speculation over the difference of nerds and geeks, the types cannot be sorted into their subsequent classifications. Also, all types have the ability to be nerds, whereas the INTJ, INTP, ENTP, and ENTJ are near definites for being nerds. The INTP is the classic programmer type, INTJ the classic scientist type. However, due to the sterotypical shyness and social ineptitude associated with nerds, the INTP and INTJ are more likely to be classified into that group than their Extroverted counterparts. These two types are the Introverted iNtuitive Thinkers. As Introverts they are stimulated by thoughts and ideas, rather than people and things. They are often quite happy spending hours absorbed in solitary activities. As iNtuitives, they are more inclined toward abstract concepts and subtle connections than in concrete examples or direct experience. As Thinkers, they are more adept in logic and reason than feelings or emotions. This combination makes INT's masters of mathematics, logic, and science, but rather oblivious to social graces. Both INTJs and INTPs tend to be outwardly nerdy and actively rebel against social rules they view as irrational and meaningless. However, INTJs tend to learn to put on a facade of surface conformism to draw less attention to themselves. For example long hair is, not surprisingly, common with INTP men, whereas INTJ men would keep their hair cut low, and dress conservatively.

In the works of Riso and Hudson, specifically Understanding the Enneagram revised edition, page 180, point 10, the term "nerd" is used as a primary reference to (and indication of being) Enneagram type 5.

Differences from Geeks
Pundits and observers dispute the relationship of the terms "nerd" and "geek" to one another, as many use the words synonymously. The two terms are commonly used incorrectly, or are misapplied, particularly by journalists.

Some view the geek as a less technically skilled nerd. Others view the exact opposite. The lines between geek and nerd are often thin and ill-defined, however a general consensus is that a "geek" is a person who obsesses in one area or another, whereas a "nerd" is a highly intelligent person who is very scholarly and does well in many domains such as math, science, computing, etc. Geeks are more associated with obsessive knowledge. For example a Star Trek geek (or Trekkie) is someone who could tell you extremely trivial details about Star Trek and may be likely to watch the show on a daily basis or go to Star Trek conventions. A person can be a nerd in almost any subject, but is usually associated with things that most people don't do or things that require an intellect, for example a person who plays a lot of video games could be called a gaming nerd, but it would be inappropriate to call an obsessive chef a cooking nerd because many people cook and it is a daily activity, whereas video games are more of a subculture. Another difference some people make between nerds and geeks are that nerds are more "bookworms" whose interests are in the fields of academia, such as mathematics and science. Geeks are interested in computers and video gaming, or movies with large fan-bases such as Star Wars. Also, many wish to differentiate between nerds who are deeply engrossed in purely entertainment oriented genres and nerds who are deeply engrossed in subjects that require serious study and committment and have real-life career potential or applications. The fanboy type nerd, while able to absorb and recall trivia about film, television, and fictional subjects in general is not the same as an independent computer hobbyist who submits original contributions (such as freeware applications) on the internet or a person who regularly uses his intellect to solve his own computer problems without outside assistance. While both are considered highly intelligent, "nerd" has become more of a term of endearment, while "geek" still carries a more negative connotation. Nerds will often refer to themselves as nerds without shame and seek friendship with other nerds. The use of the word "geek" is slowly becoming less and less. The interchangeable use of the terms "geek" and "nerd" is a main cause of the lack of distinction between the two. A good example of this is found in an episode of the television show, Married... with Children. The protagonist, Al Bundy, complains about wearing glasses, saying he will look like a nerd. His friend, Jefferson Darcy, responds, "No, Al, you won't be a nerd. You're too dumb to be a nerd."

Some regional differences may exist in the use of the words nerd and geek. Some claim that on the North American west coast the population prefers the term geek to nerd, while the North American east coast prefers the word nerd to geek, (see Ellen Spertus's web page on The Sexiest Geek Alive).

Girl nerds

 * Bucholtz, Mary. ""Why be normal?": Language and identity practices in a community of nerd girls." Language in Society (1999), 28: 203-223. Cambridge University Press.
 * Newitz, A. & Anders, C. (Eds) She's Such a Geek: Women Write About Science, Technology, and Other Nerdy Stuff. Seal Press, 2006.

In Japan

 * The Otaku Group From A Business Perspective (PDF, 366kb). Japan, 2004.
 * Okada, Toshio. Otaku Gaku Nyumon (Translated: 'Introduction to Otakuology'). Ohta Verlag. Tokyo, 1996.
 * Eng, L. "Otak-who? Technoculture, youth, consumption, and resistance. American representations of a Japanese youth subculture". 2002.

Substantial cinema-released documentaries

 * $100 & a T-Shirt (2004) (A feature-length documentary on U.S. fanzine editors).
 * Genuine Nerd (2006) (Feature-length documentary on Toby Radloff).

Background material

 * Dinh, Diana. "The Gaming Geek Culture" (2001). Part of the Silicon Valley Cultures Project.
 * Messner, M.A. & de Oca J.M. (2005) "The Male consumer as loser: Beer and liquor ads in mega sports media events." Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 30, 1879–1909.
 * Frayling, Christopher. Mad, Bad And Dangerous?: The Scientist and the Cinema. Reaktion Books, 2005.
 * Weeks, David. Eccentrics: A Study of Sanity and Strangeness. 2nd edition. Kodansha, 1997. (A sympathetic 200-sample study of English eccentrics, by a doctor in Edinburgh. He concludes that eccentrics are not mentally ill, and that many are saner than the general population)

Related Wikipedia Articles
Main:

 * Nerds
 * Geeks
 * Otaku
 * Boffins and Mad scientists
 * Asperger syndrome

Theories from psychology and sociology:

 * Stereotypes
 * Enneatypes
 * Social Fact
 * Gender Construction

Gaming and RPG fan cultures:

 * GURPS (a role-playing system)
 * Roleplaying
 * Henry Jenkins
 * Discworld-World
 * Historical Re-Enactment

Nerds in the media:

See: Wikipedia's list of nerds in the media

Possibly Informative Material

 * Geek Studies weblog
 * "The geek syndrome"
 * Dlog on nerds
 * Studies about fantasy role-playing games
 * "Army frowns on Dungeons and Dragons"
 * "Nerds Gone Wild" magazine.

title: Nerd project


text:
User:LynnColeman

Entrepreneur and life-long learner. Owner of Aerial Fabric Acrobatics, a performance, training, and aerial equipment provider to the circus and aerial Yoga community since 2002. Created and produced the Aerial Acrobatic Arts Festival 2011 to 2015, a first for North America. Created Aerial Silks Curriculum with Tatanya Hamermesh, coyrighted 2011. Presently enrolled in Feldenkrais training a neuro-muscular approach to more efficient movement. Trained in Thai Massage and a Reiki master.

title: User:LynnColeman


text:
Çetin Şahiner

Çetin Şahiner (13 October 1934 – 3 August 2017) was a Turkish hurdler. He competed in the 110 metres hurdles at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1964 Summer Olympics. Şahiner was the flag bearer for Turkey in the opening ceremony of the 1964 Summer Olympics.

title: Çetin Şahiner


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/insgrow.com

Links

 * insgrow.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 2 additions.


text:
Top-rated United States television programs of 1995–96

This table displays the top-rated primetime television series of the 1995–96 season as measured by Nielsen Media Research.


text:
School:Mathematics/Undergraduate/Pure Mathematics

Broadly speaking, pure mathematics is mathematics motivated entirely for reasons other than application. From the eighteenth century onwards, this was a recognised category of mathematical activity, sometimes characterised as speculative mathematics, and at variance with the trend towards meeting the needs of navigation, astronomy, physics, engineering and so on.

Courses
more needs to be added here
 * Foundations of Pure Mathematics
 * School of Mathematics:Introduction to Proofs
 * School:Mathematics/Foundation of mathematical concepts
 * School of Mathematics:Introductory Real Analysis
 * School:Mathematics/Introduction to Abstract Algebra
 * School of Mathematics:Introduction to Graph Theory
 * School:Mathematics/Calculus
 * Introduction to Set Theory

Algebra

 * Proofs
 * Complex numbers
 * Vectors in two dimensions
 * Matrices
 * Vector spaces
 * Linear transformations
 * Eigenvalues and eigenvectors

Abstract algebra

 * Groups
 * Rings

 * Matrices
 * Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
 * Vector spaces
 * Linear transformations
 * Inner product spaces
 * Proofs

Analysis

 * Complex Analysis
 * Real Analysis
 * Topology

Calculus

 * Functions
 * Limits
 * Differentiation
 * Applications of Derivatives
 * Higher Order derivatives
 * More differentation rules
 * Summation notation
 * Integration
 * Vectors
 * Applications

Discrete mathematics

 * Set theory
 * Functions and relations
 * Number theory
 * Logic
 * Enumeration
 * Graph theory
 * Recursion
 * Number representations
 * Modular arithmetic
 * Polynomials and number theory
 * Finite fields

Differential geometry

 * Lie Algebras
 * Information geometry

Foundations

 * Set Theory


text:
File talk:US map-East Coast.PNG

When on earth is Pennsylvania not considered part of the East Coast? Certainly Philly is always said to be an "East Coast" city... john k 18:06, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

title: File talk:US map-East Coast.PNG


text:
Sean Russo

Sean Russo (born 5 April 1991) is an Australian swimmer. He represented Australia at the 2012 London and 2016 Rio Paralympics.

Personal
Russo was born on 5 April 1991 and has retinitis pigmentosa. As a child, he also had asthma. He resides in Revesby, New South Wales. In 2017, he is currently completing a Certificate III and Certificate IV of Dental Assisting.

Swimming
Russo is an S13 classified swimmer. He started competing in swimming in 1995 as a result of asthma. He made his national team debut in 2010 at the IPC Swimming World Championships, competing in the 100m backstroke where he earned a bronze medal. At the event, he also set Australian records in the 100m freestyle and 100m butterfly events.

He was a member of the Australian team competing at the Dutch hosted 2011 IPC World Swimming Championships. Finishing with a personal best time of 1:02.52 in the men's 100m backstroke, he earned a silver medal. At the 2012 Australian national championships, he finished first in the men's 50m backstroke multi-disability event. He was selected to represent Australia at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in swimming  in seven events: the Men's 100 m Backstroke S13, 100 m Breaststroke SB13, 100 m Butterfly S13, 100 m Freestyle S13, 200 m Individual Medley SM13, 400 m Freestyle S13 and 50 m Freestyle S13. He set an Oceania Record in the 100 m Backstroke S13.

At the 2015 IPC Swimming World Championships in Glasgow, Scotland, he won a bronze medal in Men's 100 m Backstroke S13. He finished fifth in the Men's 100m Breaststroke SB13, seventh in the Men's 200m Individual Medley SM13 and ninth in the Men's 400m Freestyle S13.

In 2015, he is a New South Institute of Sport scholarship holder.

Russo competed at the 2016 Rio Paralympics and competed in six events. He placed seventh in Men's 100m Breaststroke SB13, fifth in the Men's 100m Backstroke S13 and sixth in Men's 200m Individual Medley SM13. He also competed in Men's 50m Freestyle S13, Men's 100m Freestyle S13 and Men's 100m Butterfly S13 but didn't progress to the finals.

title: Sean Russo


text:
Latu Talakai

Sione Latu Talakai (born 26 December 1989) is a Tongan rugby union player who generally plays as a prop represents Tonga internationally and plays for Australian Shute Shield club Eastwood. He was included in the Tongan squad for the 2019 Rugby World Cup which is held in Japan for the first time and also marks his first World Cup appearance. He helped captain the Wests Bulldogs to a premiership in 2022.

Career
He made his international debut for Tonga against Wales on 16 June 2017. He was also part of the Tongan team which emerged as runners-up to Fiji at the 2017 World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup.

title: Latu Talakai


text:
MapInfo TAB format

The MapInfo TAB format is a geospatial vector data format for geographic information systems software. It is developed and regulated by Precisely as a proprietary format.

File components
The basic file components for a MapInfo Professional data set relate to the two basic environments for working in MapInfo; "Browser View" and "Mapper View".

As with most other GIS packages, several files are required to allow the user to open a data set for viewing within MapInfo Professional. The most basic view would be the browser view only. This environment provides storage of attribute or object data and is represented like a spreadsheet. In this simplified scenario, no geographic information is available.

Minimum files required for the basic MapInfo Professional browser environment:
 * .TAB (The ASCII file that is the link between all other files and holds information about the type of data set file )
 * .DAT (The file that stores the attribute data. This is a dBase III DBF file)

As an alternative to the *.DAT file, MapInfo Professional can use other data formats such as, *.TXT, *.XLS *.WK*, *.MDB (and for each Microsoft Access format the software also makes another small file). MapInfo Professional still creates a .TAB file that contains information about the data set file, and the user interacts with the TAB file only.

There may also be a third file:
 * .IND (Optional index file for tabular data. This is present if any columns are indexed).

To view geographic information (the graphic representation of data) in MapInfo Professional, two additional files are required and added to the basic requirements for simply viewing data.

Minimum files required to view a map with the data previously discussed:
 * .MAP (Stores the graphic and geographic information needed to display each vector feature on a map)
 * .ID (Stores information linking graphic data to the database information. This contains a 4-byte integer index into the MAP file for each feature).

Each time a *.MAP file is saved by MapInfo Professional its objects are sorted into a storage sequence based on an R-tree spatial index. This optimises the read process of streaming data from disk to screen, at the cost of a relatively slow write process.

So the basic file set for viewing data and its graphic representation in vector form within MapInfo Professional requires a minimum of four files, normally the *.TAB, *.MAP, *.DAT and *.ID. If there is only textual information with no graphic objects, then a minimum of two files is needed: *.TAB and *.DAT.

While a data set is being edited by a user, temporary files are created by MapInfo Professional. The presence of any of these files locks the data set and prevents it from being edited by any other users. When the changes are saved, the temporary files are deleted by the software. In certain situations such as a power failure while editing is in progress, the temporary files may not be deleted and the changes will be lost. In this case the files should be manually deleted.

Normal temporary files have the following file name extensions:
 * .TDA Temporary database file
 * .TIN Temporary index file
 * .TMA Temporary Map File

When using a database table such as Oracle Locator or Spatial, if the data is downloaded to the local machine, the temporary file name extensions are:
 * .LDA Local Temporary database file
 * .LIN Local Temporary index file
 * .LMA Local Temporary Map File

MapInfo Professional can also use raster images and grid surfaces as layers in a map. These are stored in their native file formats, such as *.JPG, *.TIF or *.PNG, and the software again creates a *.TAB file for each one which includes georeferencing information.

A seamless table enables a single layer in a map to be derived from multiple base data sets, such as a mosaic of raster image tiles. When MapInfo Professional creates a seamless table it makes a simple vector layer which contains a rectangle for each base data set with attribute data defining the file path to the files containing the base data. When the seamless table is opened, metadata in its *.TAB file causes the map to display not the rectangles but the contents of the base tables in their place.

title: MapInfo TAB format


text:
User:KevinHertzog

My name is Kevin Hertzog. I'm a prop stylist and set designer and I'm also a founder of GAYS against GUNS.

title: User:KevinHertzog