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Cris Bolado

Crisanto "Jumbo" Bolado (October 25, 1969 – September 17, 2017 ) was a Filipino professional basketball player.

Basketball career
In college, Bolado first played for the National University Bulldogs, then left in 1989. He then played for the University of Manila Hawks in 1991. He was selected by Alaska in the second round of the 1994 PBA draft. Listed at 6ft 7in, Bolado tied Dong Polistico of the San Miguel Beermen as the second tallest player in the league at that time.

He became part of the Alaska Milkmen's 1996 Grand Slam team and in terms of finals stints, Bolado was one of the most successful in the PBA, making it to the championship series for ten straight times - from Alaska, Purefoods, and Gordon's Gin.

In 1999, he was in his fourth PBA team with Pop Cola and then was traded to San Miguel Beermen where he became a member of two more championships. Bolado won a total of 11 titles in the league and retired in 2003.

Later life and death
In 2009, Bolado was a participant in Survivor Philippines: Palau. He was voted off the island after making it to as one of the final four members of his tribe before the tribes were merged. Bolado starred in films Anting-Anting and The Fighting Chefs, and guested at the TV series At Your Service.

Bolado moved to Cambodia with his wife in 2013. He worked there as a basketball coach in an international school in Phnom Penh. He also managed Inasal Nation, a Filipino restaurant. He died in a motorcycle accident on September 17, 2017, at age 47 in Phnom Penh. At the time of his death, Bolado was married to Anne Christine Waje, of whom he had two children.

Filmography

 * Anting-anting (1998)
 * At Your Service (TV series, one episode; 2005)
 * Survivor Philippines (TV series, one season; 2009)
 * The Fighting Chefs (2013) Bodyguard

title: Cris Bolado


text:
Arghesh

Arghesh is a village in Eshqabad Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 325, in 76 families.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Arghesh


text:
Latin/Lesson 1

=What is Latin?= Parts of this introduction were taken from The Latin Language on the Wikipedia.

Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around the city of Rome called Latium. It gained great importance as the formal language of the Roman Empire.

All Romance languages — including Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, and others — descend from a Latin parent, and many words in English and other languages today are based on Latin roots. Moreover, Latin was a lingua franca, the learned language for scientific and political affairs in Europe, for more than one and a half thousand years, being eventually replaced by French in the 18th century and English by the middle of the 20th. Latin remains the formal language of the Roman Catholic Church to this day and is the official language of the Vatican.

Romance languages are not derived from Classical Latin, a literary language for writing and oration, but rather from Vulgar Latin, the language spoken by the common people, or  vulgus,  of Rome. Classical Latin and Vulgar Latin (Romance) differ (for example) in that Romance had distinctive stress whereas Classical had distinctive length of vowels. In Italian and Sardo logudorese, there is distinctive length of consonants and stress, in Spanish only distinctive stress, and in French even stress is no longer distinctive. Stress refers to the emphasis of pronunciation on syllabic units. Most English nouns not derived from other parts of speech have an emphasis on the first syllable. Foreign loan words in English sometimes retain their original stress, which may be on the second or third syllable, though assimilation into English will usually result in a vowel shift towards emphasis on the first syllable.

Another major distinction between Classical and Romance is that modern Romance languages, excluding Romanian, have lost their case endings (suffixes at the end of the word used in place of prepositions) in most words (some pronouns being exceptions). Romanian is still equipped with several cases though some, notably the ablative, are no longer represented.

Here are some current English words which are Latin derivativesː

 * Video is the Latin verb "I see" which in English is a noun referring to a recording and playback device.
 * Audio is the Latin verb "I hear" which in English is a noun referring to a sound wave.
 * Victoria is the Latin noun "victory" which in English is a proper noun and a woman's name.
 * Carmen is the Latin noun "song" which in English is a proper noun and a woman's name.

=Introduction to the Latin Language=

Simple and Compound Words
In Latin, words are either:
 *  simple  (words that consist of only one part). For example:

 *  compound  (words that consist of more than one part, for example, a root word combined with a prefix). For example:

Word Parts
Inflected words (i.e., words having ending- or spelling-changes according to their grammatical functions in the sentence) have a stem and a root.

The Stem

The stem is the part of the word to which various suffixes are added. The final suffix determines either the role of the word in the sentence (for example, when a Roman slave wished to address his dominus (master), he used the vocative form domine -- equivalent to "O master" in English) or the person/subject involved in the action (for example, "I dominate" may be expressed as "domin-or", and "they dominate" as "domin-antur"). In these cases, domin- is the stem and -us, -e, -or and -antur are suffixes. The addition of such suffixes is called inflection. This is discussed further in the Summary.

The Root

The root is the part of the word that carries the essential meaning. For example the stem of agitō (I drive onward) is agit-, whose root is ag (do, drive), which is in common to words of similar meaning: agō (I do, drive), agmen (that which is driven, such as a flock), etc. Notice the essential difference between a root and a stem. To the root "ag" has been added a suffix "(i)tō-" which denotes frequency of action (so "agit-" means to do or drive more than once, hence "agit-ō", I agitate, I keep (something) moving, I urge, I impel).

In contrast, English uses word order more than inflection to determine the function of a word within a sentence. English also uses words like pronouns (I, she, etc.) and prepositions (to, at, etc.) where Latin generally prefers inflexions. Thus "dom-ī" (noun -- "at home"), "ag-unt" (verb -- "they do/drive").

Primitives

Primitives occur when both the stem and the root are the same. For example, in the word agere (to do, drive) both the stem and the root are the same: "ag-".

Derivatives

Derivatives occur when the root or stem is modified. For example, the stem flamm- from the noun flamma has the root "flag" ("blaze"), "nōscō" (I know) from the verb "nōscere" has the root "gnō-" ("know").

Suffixes

Latin attaches suffixes ("endings") to stems to turn them into words (most stems and roots cannot be used in sentences without an ending). This inflection is essential to forming Latin sentences. The various suffixes and their translations will be learned in the later lessons.

=Types of Words used in Latin=

Nouns
A noun (Latin: nōmen) is "something perceived or conceived by the mind."

There are two kinds of nouns: Substantives and Pronouns.

1. Substantive (nōmen substantīvum) is a name simply denoting something perceived or conceived: psittacus - the parrot, nix - the snow, virtus - virtue.

2. Pronoun (prōnōmen) is a word used in place of a substantivum, usually when the substantivum is already known: ea - she, ille - that man

Nouns have changing endings on the stem (known as declension) and three incidents: number, gender and case. Number concerns whether the thing referred to is singular or plural (and the ending shows this); gender classifies a substantive as masculine, feminine or neuter (this determines how the endings of adjectives and pronouns behave) and case (where the ending must show how the noun fits in to the sentence). Adjectives and Pronouns must agree in all incidents when they refer to a substantive.

Verbs
Verbs (verba) express an action or a state of being, e.g., agō (I do), dīxit (he said), venīs (you come). Conjugation is the term for adding inflections to verb stems to indicate person (first, second or third), number (singular or plural), tense (present, future, imperfect, perfect, pluperfect or future perfect), voice (active or passive), and mood (indicative, subjunctive or imperative).

A verb can be either finite or infinite:

1. Finite verbs (verba finīta) are inflected and have a subject, e.g., I run, you run, he runs, they drive, the computer is turned on.

2. The infinite verbs (verba infinīta) are not inflected and have no subject, e.g. to run, to drive, to turn on, to have drawn. Participles, which are inflected as substantives rather than as verbs, may also be considered infinite, e.g., the running boy.

Modifiers
1. Adjectives (adiectīva) are used to describe nouns. They indicate a quality perceived or conceived as inherent in, or attributed to, something denoted. E.g., vir magnus (the great man), puella pulchra (the fair girl)

2. Adverbs (adverbia) are similar to adjectives, except that they are used to qualify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs, rather than nouns. In practice, they restrict the meaning of the verb or adjective by specifying how or how much. E.g., currō celeriter (I run quickly), pugnat fortiter (he fights bravely), vērē iūcundus est (he's really nice), incrēdibile callida est (she's incredibly clever).

Other
Particles are uninflected words that provide extra meaning.

1. Prepositions (praepositiōnēs) are little words which tell you how one word is behaving in relation to another word ("the duck was near the pond", "she went towards the wood"). In Latin, the noun that follows a preposition takes a particular ending (called a "case"), depending on the nature of the relationship, or on the nature of the preposition itself. E.g., ad (by), in (in), sub (under). What all this means is that a preposition is a sort of adverb, telling you how something is done. For example, "you go" is a simple statement, but "you go in" suggests that you don't just "go", you go so as to enter something, and so you need a noun for the "something". In English, we might say "you go into the house". In Latin, this would be: "in domum inīs". Notice the form "in domum", which means "into" the house -- you're going into it, you're not yet exactly inside it (the ending -um of "domum" is called "accusative"). When you are inside the house, what you do is "in" the house, which is "in domō" (the ending -ō of "domō" is called "ablative").

2. Conjunctions (coniunctiōnēs) join together clauses and sentences. E.g., et (and), atque (as well as), sed (but).

3. Interjections (interiectiōnēs) are exclamations used to express feeling or to gain attention. E.g., ō! (oh!), ēheu! (alas!), ecce! (behold!).

Articles
Latin has no definite article or indefinite article, respectively "the" and "a/an". When translating Latin into English the appropriate article must be added.

=Summary=

=Exercises=

title: Latin/Lesson 1


text:
User:HistoryofIran/Cambyses II

Bahram II (also spelled Wahram II or Warahran II;, New Persian: بهرام دوم) was the fifth Sasanian King of Kings of Iran from 276 to 293. He was a son of Bahram I ((r. 273 – 276)), and the first Sasanian ruler to have coins minted of his family. He also ordered the carving of several rock reliefs that unambiguously emphasizes distinguished representations of his family and members of the high nobility. In the east, Bahram II had to deal with revolts by his cousin Hormizd of Sakastan and brother Hormizd I Kushanshah. At the same time his empire was invaded in the west by the Roman emperor Carus, who may have briefly occupied the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon. In Khuzestan, a Zoroastrian factional revolt had occurred. After making peace with the newly ascended Roman emperor Diocletian, Bahram II was capable of bringing peace to his domains.

Bahram II died in 293, and was succeeded by his son Bahram III, who after only four months of reigning, was overthrown by Narseh, a son of the second Sasanian king (shah) Shapur I ((r. 240 – 272)).

Name
His theophoric name "Bahram" is the New Persian form of the Middle Persian Warahrān (also spelled Wahrām), which is derived from the Old Iranian Vṛθragna. The Avestan equivalent was Verethragna, the name of the god of victory, whilst the Parthian version was *Warθagn. The name is transliterated in Greek as Baranes.

Background
Bahram II was the son of Bahram I, and the grandson of the prominent Sasanian shah Shapur I ((r. 240 – 272)). Bahram I, although being the eldest son of Shapur I, was not considered a candidate for succession, probably due to his mother's lowly origin, who was either a minor queen or perhaps even a concubine. Shapur I died in 272, and was succeeded by his son Hormizd I, whose only reigned for a year before he died. Bahram I, with the aid of the powerful Zoroastrian priest Kartir, ascended the throne. He then made a settlement with his brother Narseh to give up his entitlement to the throne in return for the governorship of the important frontier province of Armenia, which was constantly the source of war between the Roman and Sasanian Empires. Nevertheless, Narseh still most likely viewed Bahram I as a usurper.

Governorship and accession
Bahram was shortly given the governorship of Sakastan, Sindh and Turgistan, which Narseh had previously governed. The provinces were far away from the imperial court in Ctesiphon, and had since its conquest by the Sasanians served as a difficult area for them to maintain control over. As a result, the province had since its early days functioned as a form of vassal kingdom, ruled by princes from the Sasanian family, who held the title of sakanshah ("King of the Saka"). Bahram I's reign, however, lasted shortly, ending in 276 with his death. Bahram II, still in his teens, succeeded him as shah; he may have been aided by Kartir to ascend the throne instead of Narseh. This most likely frustrated Narseh, who held the title of Vazurg Šāh Arminān ("Great King of Armenia"), which was used by the heir to the throne.

Regnal years
The early chronology of the Sasanian shahs has been the subject of dispute. The German scholar Walter Bruno Henning favours a early chronology of the early shahs, dating the reign of Shapur I to 240-270, Hormizd to 270-271, Bahram I to 271-274 and Bahram II to 274-293.

Wars
Bahram II was met with considerable challenges during his reign. His brother Hormizd I Kushanshah, who governed the eastern portion of the empire (i.e., the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom), rebelled against him. Hormizd I Kushanshah was the first Kushano-Sasanian ruler to mint coins with the inscription of "Hormizd, the Great Kushan King of Kings" instead of the traditional "Great Kushan King" title. The Kushano-Sasanian king, now laying claims to the title of King of Kings, which had originally also been used by the Kushan Empire, displays a noteworthy transition in Kushano-Sasanian ideology and self-perception and possibly a direct dispute with the ruling branch of the Sasanian family. Hormizd I Kushanshah was supported in his efforts by the Sakastanis, Gilaks, and Kushans. Another revolt also occurred in Sakastan, led by Bahram II's cousin Hormizd of Sakastan, who has been suggested to be the same person as Hormizd I Kushanshah. However, according to Rezakhani, this proposal must now be disregarded. At the same time, a revolt led by a high-priest (mowbed) occurred in the province of Khuzestan, which was seized by the latter for a period.

Meanwhile, the Roman emperor Carus, hearing of the civil war occurring in the Sasanian Empire, chose to take advantage of the situation by making a campaign into the empire in 283. He invaded Mesopotamia while Bahram II was in the east, and even besieged the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon without facing much fighting. The Sasanians, due to facing severe internal problems, were unable to mount an effective coordinated defense at the time; Carus and his army may have captured Ctesiphon. However, Carus shortly died afterwards, reportedly being struck by lightning. The Roman army as a result withdrew, and Mesopotamia was re-conquered by the Sasanians.

Consolidation of the empire
The following year, Bahram II made peace with the Romans, now ruled by Diocletian, who was faced with internal issues of his own. The terms of the peace was reportedly that Armenia was to be divided between the two empires, with Western Armenia being ruled by the pro-Roman Arsacid prince Tiridates III, and the remaining greater portion being kept by Narseh. However, this division is dismissed by Weber, who argues that it conflicts with other sources, and that the Sasanians most likely kept control over Armenia until the later Roman-Iranian treaty of 299. In the same year, Bahram II secured the Iberian throne for Mirian III, an Iranian nobleman from the House of Mihran, one of the Seven Great Houses of Iran. The motive behind was to strengthen Sasanian authority in the Caucasus and utilize the position of the Iberian capital Mtskheta as an entrance to the important passes through the Caucasus Mountains. This was of so high importance to Bahram II, that he allegedly himself went to Mtskheta in order to secure Mirian III's position. He also sent one of his grandees named Mirvanoz (also a Mihranid) to the country in order to act as the guardian of Mirian III, who was then merely aged seven.

By the time of Bahram II's death in 293, the revolts in the east had been suppressed, with his son and heir Bahram III being appointed the governor of Sakastan, receiving the title of sakanshah ("King of the Saka"). Following Bahram II's death, Bahram III was unwillingly proclaimed shah in Pars by a group of nobles led by Wahnam and supported by Adurfarrobay, governor of Meshan. After four months of reigning, however, he was overthrown by Narseh, who had Wahnam executed. The line was thus shifted to Narseh, whose descendants continued to rule the empire until its fall in 651.

Relations with Kartir and religious policy
Bahram II, like his father, received the influential Zoroastrian priest Kartir well. He saw him as his mentor, and handed out several honors to him, giving him the rank of grandee (wuzurgan), and appointing him as the supreme judge (dadwar) of the whole empire, which indicates that thenceforth priests were given the office of judge. Kartir was also appointed the steward of the Anahid fire-temple at Istakhr, which had originally been under the care of the Sasanian family. The Sasanian kings thus lost much of their religious authority in the empire. The clergy from now on served as judges all over the country, with court cases most likely being based on Zoroastrian jurisprudence, with the expection of when representatives of other religions had conflicts with each other.

It is thus under Bahram II that Kartir unquestionably becomes a powerful figure in the empire; he started persecuting the non-Zoroastrian minorities, such as the Christians, Jews, Mandaeans, Manichaeans, and Buddhists. Before Bahram II, all the previous Sasanian shahs had been "lukewarm Zoroastrians." He displayed a particular fondness to his name-deity by giving his son the name of Bahram, and selecting the wings of the god's bird, Verethragna, as the central component of his crown.

Coins
Starting with Bahram II, all the Sasanian shahs are portrayed with earrings on their coins. He is the first shah to have wings on his crown, which refers to the wings of the god's bird, Verethragna. Like his predecessors (with the expection of Ardashir I and Shapur I, whose legends were slighty different), Bahram II's legend on his coinage was "the Mazda-worshiping, divine Bahram, King of Kings of Iran(ians) and non-Iran(ians), whose image/brilliance is from the gods." Bahram II was also the first shah to have coins minted of his family. According to the Iranologist Touraj Daryaee, "this is an interesting feature of Bahram II in that he was very much concerned to leave a portrait of his family which incidentally gives us information about the court and the Persian concept of the royal banquet (bazm)." Several coin types were minted during Bahram II's reign; one type imitates him alone; another with him and his wife Shapurdukhtak; a third one with Bahram II and the crown prince Bahram III; and a fourth one shows Bahram II with his queen and crown prince all together. The reverse shows the traditional fire altar flanked by two attendants.

Rock reliefs
Various rock reliefs were carved under Bahram II; one of them being at Guyom, 27 km northwest of Shiraz, where Bahram is portrayed standing alone. An additional relief is situated at Sar Mashhad south of Kazerun, which portrays Bahram as a hunter who has slayed a lion whilst throwing his sword at another. His wife is holding his right hand in a signal of safeguard, whilst Kartir and another figure, most likely a prince, are watching. The scenery has been the subject of several symbolic and metaphorical meanings, thought it is most likely supposed to portray a simple royal display of braveness during a real-life hunt. An inscription of Kartir is underneath the relief. A third relief at Sarab-e Bahram, close to Nurabad, and 40 km north of Bishapur, portrays Bahram II facing, with Kartir and Papak, the governor of Iberia, to his left, and two other grandees to his right.

A fourth relief at Bishapur, portrays Bahram mounted on a horse, whilst facing an Iranian grandee who is escorting a group of six men resembling Arabs in their clothing, arriving with horses and dromedaries, presumably as tribute. The historical circumanstance of the scene, however, remains unsure. A fifth relief at Naqsh-e Rostam, portrays Bahram II standing whilst being surrounded by his family members and attendants; to his left are the sculptures of the queen, a prince, the crown prince Bahram III, Kartir, and Narseh. To his right are the sculptures of Papak, and two other grandees.

title: User:HistoryofIran/Cambyses II


text:
Wikipedia:Good article reassessment/Hayley Westenra/1

Hayley Westenra

 * • [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Good_article_reassessment/Hayley_Westenra/1&action=watch Watch article reassessment page] • Most recent review
 * Result: Delist Clear issues here. I think 2007 is too long ago to revert back to, but it could be a good base to build this article up again if anyone desires AIRcorn (talk) 08:32, 25 November 2019 (UTC)

Fails WP:GAFAIL 3. Pinging who added the tags and pruned content, and also  who also pruned some content. FoxyGrampa75 (talk) 01:15, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * It is going to take a lot of work to get this to GA level: the article is just littered with promotional and semi-promotional stuff, including trivia and fluff, and the sourcing is really below par for much of the content. Go through the history and you will find the COI--maybe restoring the version before that is a good start, but that's very drastic. Maybe. Drmies (talk) 01:40, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * See this edit, for instance, by User:Hullaballoo Wolfowitz, and I see they reverted such edits back in 2011 already. No, Eastenra did this article no favor with edits like this--and I see that I tagged it in 2011 as well; Eastenra reverted right after; they should never return to the article. Now, this is the version that got promoted; this was reviewed later in 2007, and this is the version that was reviewed and kept in 2009. But none of these really impress me; I do not think they'd stand as GA today. And this review, Talk:Hayley Westenra/GA1, no. I'm hoping some more people will look at these three versions, and maybe I'm too harsh on them--but today's version is certainly not a GA. Drmies (talk) 02:00, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * It is understandable that what was acceptable as for the Good Article status is no longer so today. Standards can and do change over time. Any case, more work is needed before we can reinstate its former status. We should take our time. By the way, I did a bit of digging and found she has suffered because of her fame. That's another reason for being careful what we include. Nerd271 (talk) 02:16, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Going back to the version some time in 2007 before a user who clearly was overly enthusiastic about this singer is not an entirely bad idea. There is no need to restore that version, however, as we can use it to get a feel of what this article was like before someone dropped a ton of unsuitable content. I agree with that more reliable sources are needed. Nerd271 (talk) 01:46, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * FoxyGrampa75, I think you should go ahead and yank this GA symbol. The article is atrocious, and I don't see anyone bringing this up to GA standards. Drmies (talk) 02:54, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * FoxyGrampa75, if you'd opened this as an individual reassessment, Drmies would be right. However, since this is a community reassessment and you opened it, you cannot close it; that needs an independent closer. And there needs to be a few people giving their opinion that the article needs to be delisted. BlueMoonset (talk) 00:40, 7 October 2019 (UTC)


text:
Talk:David Bawtree

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title: Talk:David Bawtree


text:
User:Jck contractors inc.

my goal is to help save this planet.

Understand and acknowledge life in every way to protect the gift from the gods that has been  giving to my human form and human mind

title: User:Jck contractors inc.


text:
2016–17 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Alsace, Lorraine and Champagne-Ardenne

The 2016–17 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Alsace, Lorraine and Champagne-Ardenne made up the qualifying competition to decide which teams from the Alsace, Lorraine and Champagne-Ardenne leagues took part in the main competition from round 7. This was the 100th season of the most prestigious football cup competition of France. The competition was organised by the French Football Federation (FFF) and is open to all clubs in French football, as well as clubs from the overseas departments and territories (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia (qualification via 2016 New Caledonia Cup), Tahiti (qualification via 2016 Tahiti Cup), Réunion, and Saint Martin).

The qualifying rounds took place between April and October 2016.

Second round (Alsace)
These matches were played between 21 and 31 August 2016.

Second round results: Alsace

Second round (Lorraine)
These matches were played between 21 and 24 August 2016.

Second round results: Lorraine

Second round (Champagne-Ardenne)
These matches were played on 28 August 2016.

Second round results: Champagne-Ardenne

Third round (Alsace)
These matches were played on 10 and 11 September 2016.

Third round results: Alsace

Third round (Lorraine)
These matches were played on 10 and 11 September 2016.

Third round results: Lorraine

Third round (Champagne-Ardenne)
These matches were played on 10 and 11 September 2016.

Third round results: Champagne-Ardenne

Fourth round (Alsace)
These matches were played on 24 and 25 September 2016.

Fourth round results: Alsace

Fourth round (Lorraine)
These matches were played on 24 and 25 September 2016.

Fourth round results: Lorraine

Fourth round (Champagne-Ardenne)
These matches were played on 25 September 2016.

Fourth round results: Champagne-Ardenne

Fifth round (Alsace)
These matches were played on 7, 8 and 9 October 2016.

Fifth round results: Alsace

Fifth round (Lorraine)
These matches were played on 8 and 9 October 2016.

Fifth round results: Lorraine

Fifth round (Champagne-Ardenne)
These matches were played on 8 and 9 October 2016.

Fifth round results: Champagne-Ardenne


text:
Bicycles/Maintenance and Repair/Hubs/Cleaning and repacking a hub

Hub Bearings
Over time the bearings in the hubs of a bicycle wheel may come out of adjustment causing the wheel to wobble from side to side (this can also be the result of the wheel being out of true; a sure sign of loose bearings is that the rim can be moved laterally in the fork by hand). Additionally, road dirt and moisture infiltrate the bearings, causing rough operation and premature wear. Even if these issues do not arise, the bearings' lubrication will eventually need to be replaced in order to maintain the life and health of the hubs. These problems can be addressed by overhauling the hubs. The basic techniques are similar to maintaining any other ball bearing assemblies, whether the headset or bottom bracket on the bike, or on complete different applications.

On some recent model mountain bikes, there has been a rash of rear hubs getting significant play after only a few rides; this may be due to bad cones or lock nuts. The drive side lock nut should be your number one suspect in this case if the bike is new.

Parts of the hub
From the inside out:
 * Shell
 * Bearing cup
 * Bearings
 * Bearing cone
 * Dust cover
 * Lock washer
 * Lock nut
 * Axle
 * Quick release skewer

Shell
Main body of hub, holds the axle assembly and is the connection point for the spokes.

Bearing Cup
Is pressed into the shell.

Bearing Cone
Forms the outside bearing races, fits onto axle, usually adjustable.

Bearings
There are three major types of bearings in use on bicycle hubs:

Cup and Cone types

 * Loose ball bearings are placed individually in the bearing race
 * Caged bearings are simply loose ball bearings held in a framework, which simplifies their insertion in the hub. They differ from sealed, or cartridge, bearings in that the bearings are visible in a simple cage made of a circular piece of sheet metal with holes punched for the bearings, and the bearings can be inserted and replaced into the cage with simple hand tools, or even just with the fingers. Cup and cone bearing hubs also usually have some form of sealing but it is separate to the bearings.

Cartridge type

 * Cartridge bearings are assembled and sealed in a permanently pressed housing which renders them inaccessible. Cartridge bearings which are sealed have the advantage of being highly effective at preventing dust and moisture from entering bearing housing and usually need no adjustment. They will generally last many years without service. If they do fail, they are simply replaced. Some hubs cannot be disassembled when the cartridge bearings are worn or fail; the more expensive ones can sometimes be serviced by the manufacturer...

Cleaning and repacking a traditional cone and cup front hub
At this point, depending on how the grease is distributed on the parts, the ball bearings may well stick to the axle, or drop out of the hub or into the axle hole through the hub, or remain in the cup. If the bearings are in a cage, they will generally remain in place unless the cage has been excessively worn.
 * Place the wheel flat. Have something under the hub to catch loose bearings (unless you know for certain that they aren't loose). Usually, it does not matter which side of the wheel is up, however a few nonstandard axles have the cone on one side cast as an integral non-removable part of the axle and therefore the other cone must be on the top side for removal. This will be obvious to inspection.
 * Using a box or cone wrench, unscrew the lock nut from the cone. It will be necessary to hold the cone from rotating while doing this; this will usually require a cone wrench, as the width of a normal open or adjustable wrench head is too great to fit on a normal cone.
 * Remove lock washer and any other hardware.
 * Unscrew bearing cone
 * Pry out circular dust cover situated above bearings (this may also be done after axle is removed, as is necessary on the bottom side of the wheel)
 * Separate wheel and axle

It is advisable to leave the other cone and locknut assembly undisturbed in its position on the axle, as this will allow you to maintain the original side to side alignment of the axle assembly in the hub as much as possible. (Of course, this is mandatory where this assembly is not removable). It can be cleaned and greased in this condition. (If the cone is damaged, then it will need to be disassembled and replaced).
 * Clean and inspect the bearings. Be prepared to replace any that are cracked or pitted. Most mechanics simply replace all loose bearings with new ones, as the cost is minimal compared to the labor involved in cleaning and examining old ones, and if the hub is reassembled with a bad or dirty ball it will rapidly wear. Similarly, caged bearings are usually replaced as a set, cage and all; in most cases, however, it is advantageous to replace caged bearings with loose bearings of the same size, as this results in a greater number of bearings in the hub, providing greater area and therefore greater resistance to wear, at the expense of only slightly more difficulty in keeping track of the bearings during assembly.
 * Clean and inspect bearing cones. There should be no scratches or rough spots at all in the smooth track caused by the rolling bearings. A damaged cone can usually be replaced.
 * Clean and inspect cups.
 * The cup is factory pressed into the hub shell or sometimes cast as part of the shell, and is not generally user removable. Once again, the track of the rolling bearings should be completely free of scratches or rough spots. If the cup is damaged, sometimes a shop with a press can replace it.
 * Grease bearing cups
 * Re-insert bearings, which should be held in place by the grease
 * Put another layer of grease on top of the bearings
 * Re-insert dust covers
 * Re-assemble by reinserting axle from underside, and replacing the cone, washer(s) and lock nut on top.
 * Adjust as necessary. For ball bearings the adjustment is somewhat particular; there should be no excessive drag from over tightening, but also no excessive play from looseness. Although the proper adjustment is pretty obvious by "feel", tightening the locknut on the cone usually disturbs the adjustment enough to throw it off; therefore a bit of experience helps to estimate to what tightness the bearings should be adjusted, before tightening the locknut to produce the correct result afterwards. In practice, usually three wrenches are needed; one on the locknut, a cone wrench on the cone, and a third wrench on the locknut and cone assembly on the underside of the wheel, presumably firmly gripping the axle. This provides the ability to minutely tighten or loosen the top cone and locknut independently until the perfect tightness is achieved.

Maintaining a cartridge bearing hub

There are many different designs so this is just an overview of the basic principles that can be used to service most cartridge bearing hubs.

Clean and lubricate bearings
If you ride in wet conditions you may be able to extend the life of the bearings by periodically cleaning and lubricating them. In most circumstances this is not required and the bearing will have an acceptable life with no maintenance. The idea is to remove one of the seals from the bearing so it can be cleaned and fresh grease applied.
 * Typically the end caps block access to the seal so need to be removed. The method of attachment varies from hub to hub. Some just press on and can be pulled off by hand, others screw onto the axle and have flats for removal with a spanner or are held on by set screws. The end caps may also be part of the axle itself and the axle is removed by inserting an allen key into each end of the axle and unscrewing.

 * Now there is access to the seal it is removed. This can be done by prying it out with a razor blade or small flat head screwdriver.

 * Clean the bearing using degreaser and or rag.

 * Apply fresh grease, a grease gun makes the job easier.

 * Push the seal back into place and replace the end caps.

Replace bearings
Replacement bearings can be sourced from good bike shop or from any bearing supplier. Typically bearings are identified from the numbers on the side of the bearing, take the old bearings with you to make sure you get the correct replacements.

Removing old bearings.

 * Remove end caps. Some just press on and can be pulled off by hand, others screw onto the axle and have flats for removal with a spanner or are held on by set screws. The end caps may also be part of the axle itself and the axle is removed by inserting an allen key into each end of the axle and unscrewing.

 * Remove axle. Use a rubber mallet to hammer the axle out of the hub. The step on the axle will push one of the bearings out of the hub shell. Remove the bearing from the axle and use the axle to remove the other bearing from the hub shell.

 * Some hubs do not use an axle with steps for the bearings to push against. These typically have a spacer instead. To remove the bearings push the spacer to the side and use a rubber mallet and a large flat head screwdriver to push the bearings out of the hub.

 * Clean and inspect the hub shell and axle.

Installing new bearings.

Cartridge bearings are not good at absorbing side loads. When being pressed into the hub the force needs to be pushing on the outer metal ring to avoid damaging the bearing. A suitable sized socket can be used to do this.
 * Lightly grease hub shell and axle where bearing will sit.

 * Press a bearing into one side of the hub shell. Use a rubber mallet and socket trying to keep the bearings as straight as possible.

 * Insert the axle or spacer.

 * Press the second bearing into the hub. The bearing should be pushed in far enough that there are no side loads on the bearing. With good quality hubs you should just be able to push it in all the way and have everything line up. Cheaper hubs may require care to avoid putting side loads on the bearing. If the hub has a spacer to help keep it lined up you can insert the axle part way into the underside of the hub.

 * Put the end caps back on.


text:
Wikiversity:I Want to Know

Helping Wikiversity
(First off I apologize because I know this question isn't in the appropriate place - please inform me where I should put these types of questions in the future...) I am attending college currently, and am wondering how I can get my professors to help Wikiversity as much as possible; obviously I could tell them simply to 'go there' and explain the concept but if they have specific questions as educators, where should I point them? If we assume they are willing to put time into this project, do they have to prove their credentials, is it okay for them to submit tests or lesson material? Who answers these questions? Thanks. SolAce7x 05:31, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

 * After some long delays the Wikiversity is now (14 August 06) getting setup in permanent databases. If they have specific questions they can come ask them in English here:  http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Main_Page  They can submit specific questions and tests anywhere they find appropriate along the learning trails in the link mazes.  They should understand the nature of a wiki which is that anyone else may modify the material and that the material is licensed as FDL (GNU Free Documentation License) and may be modified and reused or republished in accordance with those license requirements).   Any participant who knows can answer these questions.  A more specific project/community structure will start to evolve now that we are officially active.  Welcome! Lazyquasar 10:04, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

General Relativity
Anyone know some good sources or places to start with General Relativity? Hah, what an open question. Fephisto 23:50, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

 * A search of Wikibooks finds: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Relativity  This is mostly an index of mathematical treatments of some concepts useful in Relativity.
 * A potential learning group may be getting established here: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikiversity:General_Relativity
 * This seems a pretty good starting place to lookver concepts and maybe find additional material: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Relativity
 * You may wish to check back in a few months. Wikiversity is currently pending approval to proceed and this is probably suppressing interest and activity at the moment.

<IP_ADDRESS> 07:31, 3 August 2006 (UTC) user:lazyquasar

 * t'hooft has written a book which is available on-line.--Hillgentleman 15:55, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

School of Natural Sciences
Either I have missed something, or there is a glaring omission in the wikiversity: no natural science courses. Physics, Chemistry, Biology, all of these would be good resources. I know that Wikibooks has a lot of different books about these subjects, but it would be beneficial if there were course series for each of these as well.
 * http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Wikiversity_Schools Has links for these subjects. Perhaps you are looking the outdated shortlist on the front page?  Or perhaps a neophyte has made an error and deleted the layers of links leading to the active Biology portal frequented by non other than user:JWSurf http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikiversity:School_of_Biology or organization shuffling is in progress.   A search for these subjects in the Wikibooks database will find some excellent materials in the wiki books, active biology portal, and some sparse activitiy in other areas. I will check the links when I get a chance.  Thanks for reporting the problem here!  If you were logged in when you left message above and put four tildas after a space at end of the paragraph it provides a signature with link back to your personal/handle pages.  Lazyquasar 10:42, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

Standard Particle Theory
What replaced the Standard Particle Theory when it was discovered that neutrinos have mass? Do we know what the range of typical speeds for neutrinos are yet? Is anyone working on developing neutrino telescopes yet?
 * Good introductory background at this link.
 * Some good discussion here.
 * Some serious handwaving here.
 * Excellent background and explanation of neutrino oscillation.
 * Wikipedia has a good overview of situation. neutrinos

Globalization & China
Who controls China's foreign policy? Communist party leaders, military leadership, or new capitalists created by rapid industrialization, urbanization and foreign capitalists pursuing offshore opportunity?

 * The Great (fire)Wall of china is blocking wiki[pm]edia btw.

Class Sign Up
I have read many articles regarding the accreditation of this online university and the ramifications of it. My question is much simplier, I am concerned where to sign up for courses of interest. Should there not be a central page where I could sign up and have updates from my instructor. I am afraid the course boils down to me learning the major points outlined in the course description on my own with no testing of the material. I am not a big fan of tests but assessment of my knowledge on the subject is a big plus.

Politic0220

 * There is no intention or ability for this Wikiversity to become accredited within a few years. First we have to build some materials, credibility and organizational structure that would be satisfactory to an official body which provides accreditation.   We are just getting started.  We hope to build a community of participants who work and study together to meet individual learning goals and simultaneously our common goal of creating free instructional material and human knowledge, present it efffectively to each other and any human being with the technology to access it.  I happened to have gotten an A in Politics 205 in at Oregon State University aproximately 20 years.  If you need an initial study partner I could track down my text or buy another one.  We cannot violate copyright so we must be careful to be paraphrasing and creating our own notes.  Plus we can use any applicable texts available on the Wikibooks bookshelves, articles in the Wikipedia, and information available elsewhere on the web, personally accessible libraries, etc.  If you are interested leave a note on my discussion page.  user:lazyquasar  Ignore the "It's Dead Jim" message.  You and I can create a few sparks to possibly help it ignite again.

 * Update. There has been some activity here.  http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikiversity:School_of_Political_Science  Apparently severl participants are already active in the poly sci area.  Keep in mind there are no credentials at Wikiversity so far only participants who have registered like yourself.  If you find yourself in conflict with the "Department Heads" or "Instructors" simply start your own study group.  The appropriate designation for all of us at this time is "participant".  We are studying together while creating free materials that express human knowledge for our common posterity.  user:lazyquasar

How to assist classes?
I read many pages in wikiversity but couldn't find how to assist classes. Are they over irc or like a video conversation or just by typing in wiki pages? I specially want to get info about politics and business classes. Thanks in advance.

 * Does "assist" mean "attend"?

 * Wikiversity is in the process of being reviewed, finalized, and activated by a proposal committee chargedd with showing the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Director how we intend to operate initially. We start with some awesome assets.   Once final approval is achieved a dedicated set of wiki's at wikiversity.org in various languages as participants show up.  Basically we do not have structured classes at this time we are trying to get some study groups up and running.  These will start to develop learning trails and leave useful materials behind for the next participants who show up.  The German Wikiveristy is already active and to my certain knowledge several French graduate students have swung by looking for applicable processes they could use and help out with.   They were disappointed that the French wiki was not already active but we gave them adresses for the Board so this may be ready to change as soon as we have approval to proceed across the board instead of prototyping within this temporary space.  We can easily link to Wikipedia and other wikimedia projects such as Wikibooks, Wiktionary,  Commons (multimedia, photographs, and other stuff or components used by multiple Wikimedia projects) as well as the rest of the Web.   Groups of participants can use other resources like IRC, external mailing lists, etc. etc. and link to or cut and paste as long as care is taken to get appropriate permissions to respect everyone's expectation of privacy issues and personal copyright inherit in private or public writing.   Notice when material is submitted to this and the soon to be Wikiversity English site the submittal form requires submitter to know they are publishing the material appropriately under the FDL free documentation license.  See above about politics.  I operated a business for eight years and have some books around.  If you wish to a study group of some kind started regarding business leave a note on my user discussion page (click on signature link and then the discussion tab at top of my user page) and maybe we can get it going and attract some more high and low end participation to make it really worth your while. user:lazyquasar

 * Update. I could not find any recent activity here http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikiversity:School_of_Business.  It is probably pending approval of our dedicated wikispace at URL wikiversity.org.

There is a significant link structure leading back various Wikibooks under construction. By checking the history page and following user names you might find some people interested in Business. Alternatively, go to the appropriate shelf at the Books by subject tab to the left and look for user handles. Strike up a discussion at their user page and see if anyone is interested in a study group focusing on your current specific interests. user:lazyquasar

title: Wikiversity:I Want to Know


text:
Talk:David Binn

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot (talk) 18:39, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070808162930/http://www.chargers.com:80/team/roster/david-binn.htm to http://chargers.com/team/roster/david-binn.htm

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 07:34, 13 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive {newarchive} to http://www.nfl.com/teams/story/SD/9954523

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title: Talk:David Binn


text:
Seyyedabad, Nishapur

Seyyedabad (, also Romanized as Seyyedābād) is a village in Mazul Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 724, in 189 families.

title: Seyyedabad, Nishapur


text:
Rio Pequeno

Rio Pequeno may refer to:

 * Rio Pequeno (district of São Paulo), a district in the city of São Paulo, Brazil
 * Rio Pequeno (Santa Catarina), a tributary of the Braço do Norte River in southeastern Brazil
 * Rio Pequeno (São Paulo), a tributary of Pinheiros River in southeastern Brazil

title: Rio Pequeno


text:
William Ramsay (astrologer)

William Ramsay or William Ramesey (13 March 1626 or 1627 – died c. 1676) was a Scottish-English physician and astrologer.

Life
Ramsay was born at Westminster on 13 March 1626 or 1627. His father David Ramsay was the clock-maker to James I and Charles I, and was of Scottish descent. His mother was of English birth. William Ramsay spelt his name Ramesey, because he thought his ancestors came from Egypt.

After passing through several schools in and about London, Ramsay was to have gone to Oxford, but was prevented by the civil war. Accordingly he went to St. Andrews, where his studies were broken by the war; he then went to Edinburgh, was driven out by the plague, and returned to London in April 1645.

By the end of 1652 he had graduated M.D. at Montpellier, and was living with his father in Holborn. On 31 July he was admitted an extra licentiate of the London College of Physicians.

Ramsay was physician-in-ordinary to Charles II, and was living at Plymouth, when he was admitted M.D. at Cambridge by royal mandate in June 1668. His last publication is dated 1676, after which he disappears.

Writings

 * A reply to a scandalous pamphlet entituled A declaration against judicial astrology. 1650.
 * Lux veritatis: or, Christian judicial astrology vindicated. 1651.
 * Vox stellarum; or, the voice of the starres. 1651.
 * Astrologia restaurate; or astrology restored. 1653.
 * Man's dignity and perfection vindicated. 1661.
 * De venenis; or, a discourse of poisons. 1663; 1665.
 * Some physical considerations of the matter, origination, and several species of worms. 1668.
 * The gentleman's companion: or a character of true nobility. 1672.

title: William Ramsay (astrologer)


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/mypaymentsolutionsusa.com

Links

 * mypaymentsolutionsusa.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is globally blacklisted by \bmypaymentsolutionsusa\.com\b
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is globally blacklisted by \bmypaymentsolutionsusa\.com\b

Users
No users found.

Additions
No additions recorded.


text:
Talk:Peyton C. March Jr.

Toronto, Ontario?? Toronto%2c_Ontario??
Please do explain.

His base is much closer to:
 * LA/Ontario_International_Airport
 * KONT
 * ont
 * Ontario%2c_California

Thank You,

[[ hopiakuta Please do  sign  your  signature  on your  message. %7e%7e  Thank You. -]] 20:45, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Toronto in Canada.Einbierbitte (talk) 19:21, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Peyton C. March Jr.


text:
Template:Did you know nominations/Fünf Lieder, Op. 105 (Brahms)

The result was: promoted by Cwmhiraeth (talk) 05:29, 28 September 2017 (UTC)

Fünf Lieder, Op. 105 (Brahms)

 * ... that Johannes Brahms used a melody from Fünf Lieder, Op. 105, for an extended cello solo in his Second Piano Concerto? Source:
 * Reviewed: Moupin pika
 * Comment: a lot of German in the songs, so perhaps stay instrumental, - the piano concerto article says it's 3 minutes before the piano even comes in, - highly unusual, - will try to find more sources for that

Created by Gerda Arendt (talk). Self-nominated at 12:25, 18 September 2017 (UTC).

 * Hi Gerda, I'll take this one on. Reviewing. Andreas JN 466 23:13, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

Summary of review: I made some copyedits based on a careful reading of Rij. Best, Andreas JN 466 00:29, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * It's new, created seven days ago.
 * It's long enough (well over 1,500 characters of prose).
 * It's within policy, neutral, citing sources, and free of close paraphrasing/plagiarism.
 * Hook length is okay.
 * Symbol question.svg Hook content has a problem. Piano Concerto No. 2 (Brahms) predates op. 105 by five years: in other words, he re-used the cello solo in the Lieder, not the other way round. I'm not sure how identical the melodies are: the source states the melody in the lied "recalls with tender pathos the ghostly half-remembered outline of the theme of the slow movement of the Second Piano Concerto".
 * QPQ done.
 * No image, thus no image issues.
 * I don't know yet enough about the exact timing, - the insertion of the melody was later (it was different in the 1878 version), says the concerto article, but without a date (1881?). How about - to be safe -
 * ALT1: ... that Johannes Brahms used the same melody for a song of his Fünf Lieder, Op. 105, as for an extended cello solo in his Second Piano Concerto? --Gerda Arendt (talk) 05:49, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * The source says, "Brahms's song of the dying girl Immer leiser wird mein Schlummer recalls with tender pathos the ghostly half-remembered outline of the theme of the slow movement of the Second Piano Concerto". Why are we calling it an "extended cello solo"? Andreas JN 466 02:17, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Because it's more interesting, and true. Three minutes of sounding like a cello concerto. Who knows if Brahms didn't have the text already in mind?
 * ALT2: ... that Johannes Brahms used the same melody for a song of his Fünf Lieder, Op. 105, as for the theme of the slow movement of his Second Piano Concerto? --Gerda Arendt (talk) 08:00, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Symbol confirmed.svg for ALT1 and ALT2, at Gerda's discretion. I've added a source to the article that mentions the cello solo in the Andante explicitly, and says Brahms used the same theme a few years later for "Immer leiser ...". That makes the hooks verifiable by the reader and ties this up. Best, Andreas JN 466 14:20, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Excellent, thank you! --Gerda Arendt (talk) 19:11, 20 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
Bolshepanyushevo

Bolshepanyushevo (Большепанюшево) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Bolshepanyushevsky Selsoviet, Aleysky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 507 as of 2013. There are 9 streets.

Geography
Bolshepanyushevo is located on the Aley river, 8 km northeast of Aleysk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Uspenovka is the nearest rural locality.

title: Bolshepanyushevo


text:
Demerara

Etymology
The placename derives from an word. Perhaps Malali ("fast running stream"), which would have originally been the name of a section of rapids, from which the Dutch called the whole river de Malali ("the Malali"), which (with incorporation of the definite article into the name, and alternation of l and r) became Demerara. Alternatively, perhaps Immenary or Dumaruni meaning “river of the letterwood”. The sugar is so-called because it was grown in the region around the river.

Proper noun

 * 1) The, a river which rises in the rainforests of Guyana and flows north to the Atlantic Ocean, which the country's capital of Georgetown is situated on.
 * , Essequebo en Demerary (Essequibo and Demerara), formerly a Dutch (later British) colony, located around the lower courses of this river.

Noun

 * 1) A type of natural, unrefined or partially refined cane sugar, which is light brown in colour, particularly used in pastries and biscuits like shortbread.
 * 2) A dark rum, made in Guyana using molasses and this sugar, mainly used for blending.
 * 3) * 2010, Charmaine A. Nelson, Ebony Roots, Northern Soil: Perspectives on Blackness in Canada, page 314, quoting Yardley (a seaman in Canada circa 1900):
 * He related, “Down home we used to drink Demerara and when I was a lot younger than I am now I'd always get embarrassed, not being able to take it neat like most of them. You need a bull's gullet for neat Demerara."

Alternative forms

 * demerara
 * Demeraran, demeraran

title: Demerara


text:
automobilist

Etymology
Borrowed from. .

Noun

 * 1)  The driver of an automobile.
 * 2) * 1928, Amelia Earhart, 20 Hrs. 40 Min., chapter III, page 59
 * For the automobilist beginner the problem comes when he first meets traffic, and a big truck, say, suddenly cuts in ahead of him.
 * 1) * 1928, Amelia Earhart, 20 Hrs. 40 Min., chapter III, page 59
 * For the automobilist beginner the problem comes when he first meets traffic, and a big truck, say, suddenly cuts in ahead of him.
 * For the automobilist beginner the problem comes when he first meets traffic, and a big truck, say, suddenly cuts in ahead of him.

Etymology
Borrowed from. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) A motorist, an.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) motorist

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) driver
 * 2) sports car driver

title: automobilist


text:
User:Cprompt

In DOS, the command prompt was often referred to as the c: prompt when the current directory was set to the root directory of the C: hard disk partition.

I have a somewhat more interesting user page on the English Wikipedia. I'm less of an editor on Wikibooks than I am on the Wikipedia. On Wikibooks, it seems I am more of a reader.

I have an account by the same name on the English Wikipedia, the Simple English Wikipedia, the Esperanto Wikipedia, and Wiktionary.

title: User:Cprompt


text:
Talk:David Jones (footballer, born 1984)

No longer a Mnachester United player
David Jones has officially transferred to Derby County, but I don't feel confident enough to edit the page. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/d/derby_county/6230081.stm Darkson 10:47, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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text:
Wikipedia talk:Miscellany for deletion/User:Benjprod

Is this page still nominated for deletion, it says no need to incubate? Benjprod (talk) 19:08, 7 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Long Loch (Angus)

Long Loch is a small lowland freshwater loch within the Sidlaw Hills in Angus. It is 1.8 miles south of the village of Newtyle, three miles east-south-east of Coupar Angus and 2 miles directly north of Lundie. It is peculiar in shape, resembling a dog's body without legs and is on a north-east to south-west orientation.

Geography
The west of the loch is heavily wooded by Palmer Wood. Along the shoreline there is fen vegetation with species such as bottle sedge, water horsetail, reeds and reed canary grass. Found along the edge of the loch are Littorella, needle spikerush. In the water there is the aquatic herb Ranunculus circinatus and pond weed milfoil. In recent years an invasive species, Canadian waterweed has appeared.

The loch is a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).

title: Long Loch (Angus)


text:
Jalan Baru Sri Muniswarar Temple

The Jalan Baru Sri Muniswarar Temple is a Hindu temple in Jalan Baru, Prai, Penang, Malaysia. The temple is dedicated to, Muniswarar. This temple was one of the most famous temple in Malaysia. Today, Shree Muniswarar Temple is most famous for blessing newly purchased cars. It attracts a constant stream of car owners, including many Chinese and non Hindus, to have their cars blessed by the temple priest.

History
The temple was established in the 1870s by a group of Indian immigrants working with the East India Company. The temple was known as Sri Muniandy Temple when it was started. Later the name of the temple was changed to Sri Muniswarar Temple. Initially the temple was only a small attap hut, no cement floor and other facilities, such as piped water and electricity. The temple became famous among the Hindu devotees in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Japan and India as well as Hindu devotees residing in Australia, Britain, Canada and US. The temple is patronised by many nationalities and religions especially the Hindus, Buddhists, Christians, Sikhs and others. Many Chinese devotees too patronise this temple. The deities at the temple are well known for protection, justice, truth and benevolence.

The deities at the Main Altar are Lord Sri MUNIANDY Sri Ganesha and Lord Muruga. In front of the Main Altar stands Lord MADURAI VEERAN majestically with an "Arivaal" (அரிவாள்-Sword) in one hand. There two white horses beside him, one on the right and another on the left. There is also a dog. It is believed that he used to roam the areas at night after midnight on his white horse with an "Arivaal" and a cigar in his mouth, a turban on his head and attired like an ancient Indian prince. Many devotees who are gifted have seen his apparition, and one among them was a Chinese who saw him entering the temple compound on a white horse in full white Indian attire and was astounded by what he saw. After witnessing such an incident, the said Chinese assisted financially to build a small altar on the present site. The devotees whose vows are fulfilled make offerings or poojas according to their means. Some will offer "prasatham",(பிரசாதம்) some offer live cockerel or goats, others sacrifice goats or cockerel and perform "padaiyal"(படையல்). The non-vegetarian pooja/padayal is offered to "Lord Madurai Veeran".

A book has also been written recently by a Singapore writer highlighting the growing importance of the deities. Those who bring their vehicles to the temple for blessing are given protection from accident and other incidents. Apart from Indians, many Chinese devotees bring their new and old cars to be blessed at the Temple. They also sacrifice goats and cockerel when their vows are fulfilled especially matters related business, health, children education and so forth.

title: Jalan Baru Sri Muniswarar Temple


text:
Talk:Cheriat

Source for spelling:

French form of "Sheriat", meaning Sharia, from the Turkish sherī'at/șeri'at. Used in Western languages in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. French has affinity with the late Ottoman Empire as it was used as a pan-Christian/Jewish language and was the empire's main language for dealing with foreigners (much as how English is used today). See Languages of the Ottoman Empire and Johann Strauss's sources on how French is important for that topic.

In older English-language law-related works in the late 19th/early 20th centuries, the word used for sharia was sheri.
 * - Number LXXXIV "The religious law of the Sheri, of which the ultimate source is the Koran,[...]" - A review of Corps de Droit Ottoman

It, along with the French variant chéri, was used during the time of the Ottoman Empire, and is from the Turkish şer’(i).
 * (info page on book at Martin Luther University) // Cited: p. 39 (PDF p. 41/338) // "“Chéri” may sound ambiguous in French but the term, used in our context for Islamic law (Turkish: şer’(i), is widely used in the legal literature at that time."

Note that while the source of this spelling was mostly written in French:
 * The introduction in Volume I was written in English
 * The author is British
 * It was published by Oxford University in the UK, not in France.

The idea of making an international audience book (as opposed to just a francophone audience) in French is a bit unheard of today, but in 1905 that's just how things went. WhisperToMe (talk) 22:17, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cheriat


text:
User:Tul54161/Choose an Article

Article Selection
Please list articles that you're considering for your Wikipedia assignment below. Begin to critique these articles and find relevant sources.

Option 1

 * Article title: Cake decorating
 * Article Evaluation
 * The history, types of decorations, and techniques of cake decorations. Cake decorating has become an art form in popular culture.

 * Sources
 * https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/32/18/29/ded7a4ba4869c5/US5505775.pdf
 * http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/viewarticle/render?data=dGJyMPPp44rp2%2fdV0%2bnjisfk5Ie46bZMtqm1SrSk63nn5Kx95uXxjL6nrke0pbBIr6%2beTLimtlKwrJ5oy5zyit%2fk8Xnh6ueH7N%2fiVaunt0quqrBMrqakhN%2fk5VXj5KR84LPgjOac8nnls79mpNfsVa%2bosEyvqrNPrpzkh%2fDj34y73POE6urjkPIA&vid=44&sid=bdc595f1-2e39-4bf3-9fcf-117c01892b38@sessionmgr4008
 * http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/viewarticle/render?data=dGJyMPPp44rp2%2fdV0%2bnjisfk5Ie46bZMtqm1SrSk63nn5Kx95uXxjL6nrke0pbBIr6%2beTLimtlKwrJ5oy5zyit%2fk8Xnh6ueH7N%2fiVaunt0quqrBMrqakhN%2fk5VXj5KR84LPfUeac8nnls79mpNfsVa%2bnsU6xr7RMrpzkh%2fDj34y73POE6urjkPIA&vid=44&sid=bdc595f1-2e39-4bf3-9fcf-117c01892b38@sessionmgr4008
 * http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/viewarticle/render?data=dGJyMPPp44rp2%2fdV0%2bnjisfk5Ie46bZMtqm1SrSk63nn5Kx95uXxjL6nrke0pbBIr6%2beTLimtlKwrJ5oy5zyit%2fk8Xnh6ueH7N%2fiVaunt0quqrBMrqakhN%2fk5VXj5KR84LPui%2ffepIzf3btZzJzfhruorkiyo69Qr6e1Ra6msT7k5fCF3%2bq7fvPi6ozj7vIA&vid=44&sid=bdc595f1-2e39-4bf3-9fcf-117c01892b38@sessionmgr4008

Option 2

 * Article title: Appetite
 * Article Evaluation
 * Sources
 * http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=40&sid=bdc595f1-2e39-4bf3-9fcf-117c01892b38%40sessionmgr4008
 * https://jeatdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40337-017-0174-y
 * http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=42&sid=bdc595f1-2e39-4bf3-9fcf-117c01892b38%40sessionmgr4008

Option 3

 * Article title: Clean eating
 * Article Evaluation
 * Sources
 * http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/viewarticle/render?data=dGJyMPPp44rp2%2fdV0%2bnjisfk5Ie46bZMtqm1SrSk63nn5Kx95uXxjL6nrke0pbBIr6%2beTLimtlKwrJ5oy5zyit%2fk8Xnh6ueH7N%2fiVaunt0quqrBMrqakhN%2fk5VXj5KR84LPhgeyorj7y1%2bVVv8Skeeyzr0uwrLFJta20PuTl8IXf6rt%2b8%2bLqjOPu8gAA&vid=43&sid=bdc595f1-2e39-4bf3-9fcf-117c01892b38@sessionmgr4008
 * http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/viewarticle/render?data=dGJyMPPp44rp2%2fdV0%2bnjisfk5Ie46bZMtqm1SrSk63nn5Kx95uXxjL6nrke0pbBIr6%2beTLimtlKwrJ5oy5zyit%2fk8Xnh6ueH7N%2fiVaunt0quqrBMrqakhN%2fk5VXj5KR84LPhgeyorj7y1%2bVVv8Skeeyzr0uvr7FQt6eyPuTl8IXf6rt%2b8%2bLqjOPu8gAA&vid=43&sid=bdc595f1-2e39-4bf3-9fcf-117c01892b38@sessionmgr4008
 * http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=36&sid=bdc595f1-2e39-4bf3-9fcf-117c01892b38%40sessionmgr4008&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=136768670&db=a9h

Option 4

 * Article title:
 * Article Evaluation
 * Sources
 * Sources

Option 5

 * Article title:
 * Article Evaluation
 * Sources
 * Sources

title: User:Tul54161/Choose an Article


text:
Checkerboarding (beekeeping)

Checkerboarding is a term used in beekeeping that describes a specific hive management technique to prevent swarming. The technique was developed by Walt Wright, a long time beekeeper from Tennessee.

Checkerboarding takes advantage of the bee colony's primary motivation, which is survival as survival of the existing colony takes priority over swarm preparation and swarming. Bees will not prepare for a reproductive swarm if they perceive the survival of the existing colony might be jeopardized. It is hypothesized that swarm preparation starts in the late winter. The over-wintering colony consumes honey and expands the brood volume. At this point, the bee colony apparently senses that it has enough remaining honey stores and a large enough brood nest to risk swarm preparation. The bee colony's first activity of swarm preparation is to reduce the brood volume by creating additional stores inside the brood area. As brood emerges, selected cells are back-filled with honey, nectar, or pollen. Later into the season, as space for egg laying decreases the queen will not be able to lay as many eggs. This forces the queen to diet and lose weight so she becomes fit for the swarm flight.

Apparently, at the first time this type of backfilling behavior starts is the best time to do the Checkerboarding intervention. It requires filling two hive boxes above the broodnest each alternately with capped honey-filled frames and empty drawn frames. Alternating empty drawn combs above the brood nest "fools" the bees into thinking they don't have enough stores yet for swarming and causes them to expand the brood nest, giving both a bigger field force and avoiding reproductive swarming.

Timing the checkerboarding intervention is very important (note that all these times are different reference points that refer to the same time in the United States). The best time for the intervention is:
 * when the elm trees bloom
 * four weeks before the maple trees bloom
 * five weeks before redbud trees bloom
 * eight weeks before the start of the apple tree blossom
 * nine weeks before the peak of the apple tree blossom

title: Checkerboarding (beekeeping)


text:
Belmont, Anderson County, Tennessee

Belmont is an unincorporated community in Anderson County, in the U.S. state of Tennessee.

Belmont is derived from the French meaning "beautiful mountain.

title: Belmont, Anderson County, Tennessee


text:
Talk:Wikiversity translations

i've made some substantive changes to the existing automatic translation. --Smithgrrl 01:01, 7 September 2006 (UTC).
 * Thanks! --JWSchmidt 02:40, 7 September 2006 (UTC)
 * happy to help. this latest bit stumped me in places.  i'm not sure what is meant by wiki-Kolleg, but maybe you do... --Smithgrrl 05:01, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wikiversity translations


text:
French/Appendices/Typing characters

French accents on computers
While French keyboards are available, some French students may need to enter accented characters on an English keyboard.

If you are on the Internet, many sites have a virtual keyboard that allows you to mouse-select the characters. Google Translate, for example, has a virtual keyboard icon for entering text in the form window.

Windows Operating System
If you are using Microsoft Windows Operating System, then you can use the Character Map application, located under:
 * Start->Programs->Accessories->System Tools->Character Map (Send this application to your desktop for better ease of use)

Some word processing programs allow the user to enter accents using a key combination, while others may require an Alt code.

The ALT code is entered by holding down the ALT key, and enter the number (all digits given) using the keypad (only the keypad).

In most applications, you will need the numlock turned on to avoid undesirable effects.

Mac Operating System
If you are using the Mac Operating System, there is a simple system that can be used with the Option (⌥) key. Open the System Preferences application (found in your Applications folder by default and in the Apple menu in the upper-left corner) and navigate to "Language and Text" preferences. Under the Input Sources tab, select U. S. Extended. Now you can use the following key combinations with the Option (⌥) key to form French accents.

For instance: Press and hold ⌥ and then press e. Now you have a floating acute accent. Press e again to put the accent over that letter and form é. In the same way ⌥ - 6, then o will give you ô, etc. These shortcuts work throughout the operating system and do not depend on the application in which they are used.

Linux Operating System
If you are using Ubuntu Linux with Gnome you select the Compose key from System: Preferences: Keyboard then Layouts: Layout Options: Compose key position. You can select one of Right Alt key, Left Win-key, Right Win-key, Menu key, Right Ctrl key or Caps Lock key (for a USA keyboard layout). The Keyboard preferences dialog has an area you can use to test the settings. See below for how to use the Compose key. Ubuntu with a different window manager, such as KDE should have a similar keyboard preferences utility.

If you are using Unix or a derivative operating system (such as Linux) with XFree86, you can define a compose key by opening a terminal window and typing:

'To use the Windows menu key (between the right Windows key and right Ctrl key:
 * xmodmap -e "keysym Menu = Multi_key"

'To use the right Windows key:
 * xmodmap -e "keysym R_Meta = Multi_key"

'To use the right Alt key:'
 * xmodmap -e "keysym Alt_Gr = Multi_key"

To use the Compose key, press and release the Compose key, then type two characters. Combinations useful for typing in French follow:

 * à Compose + a + `
 * â Compose + a + ^
 * ä Compose + a + "

 * ç Compose + c + ,

 * è Compose + e + `
 * é Compose + e + '
 * ê Compose + e + ^
 * ë Compose + e + "
 * É Compose + E + '

 * î Compose + i + ^
 * ï Compose + i + "

 * ô Compose + o + ^
 * ö Compose + o + "

 * ù Compose + u + `
 * û Compose + u + ^
 * ü Compose + u + "

title: French/Appendices/Typing characters


text:
User:Fried Gold

=Standard Editing Disclaimer = I admit that I haven't read all the policies and guidelines of Wikipedia. I'm working on that. In the meantime, I assure you that I will do an edit only if I believe that the chance of me having violated some process is outweighed by the chance of me improving the article. Of course, if I do make a mistake, I want to learn from it, so I welcome constructive criticism.

=Understated Link to Subpage=

=My Userbox Pledge= I, state your name, pledge to use only userboxes that help The Project by providing useful, relevant information to the visitors to my page. No "This user feels strongly that chipmunks are more cuddly than squirrels" boxes here. But maybe here.

title: User:Fried Gold


text:
Talk:David Hopkin

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on David Hopkin. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230117/http://gmfc.net/News/%26action%3Dfullnews%26id%3D1055 to http://gmfc.net/News/%26action%3Dfullnews%26id%3D1055

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:08, 4 June 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Hopkin


text:
User:Jiaying Xu

Jiaying Xu
Cat Toto's Mom

I am a student on the Translation Studies MSc of the University of Edinburgh.

title: User:Jiaying Xu


text:
2014 Philadelphia Freedoms season

The 2014 Philadelphia Freedoms season was the 14th season of the franchise (in its current incarnation) in World TeamTennis (WTT).

The Freedoms had 9 wins and 5 losses and finished second in the Eastern Conference. They qualified for the playoffs for the first time since 2007, losing to the Washington Kastles in the Eastern Conference Championship Match. The Freedoms were led by WTT rookie Marcelo Melo who was named WTT Male Most Valuable Player.

James Blake trade
James Blake was selected by the Freedoms in the 2012 marque player draft and played for the team that season. Blake did not register for the 2013 marquee player draft, but he signed with the New York Sportimes as a wildcard player. Since WTT teams are permitted to have only one wildcard player of each gender, Blake was effectively released by the Sportimes when John McEnroe was designated as the team's male wildcard player on July 18, 2013. Consequently, the right to protect Blake, should he register as an eligible marquee player, remained with the Freedoms under WTT rules. On February 11, 2014, WTT announced that the Boston Lobsters had traded Blake to the Springfield Lasers for undisclosed consideration. Therefore, an apparent unreported trade which sent Blake to Boston took place between the Freedoms and the Lobsters between the end of the 2012 season and the 2014 marquee player draft.

Drafts
Since the Freedoms had the second-worst record in WTT in 2013, they had the second selection in each round of both drafts. The Freedoms chose Victoria Azarenka in the first round of the Marquee Player Draft and chose not to protect Sloane Stephens. They passed on making a second-round pick. At the Roster Player Draft, the Freedoms protected Victoria Duval and Liezel Huber and picked WTT rookies Frank Dancevic and Marcelo Melo.

Duval misses the season and is replaced by Townsend
On July 4, 2014, the Freedoms announced that Victoria Duval would miss the entire season, because she had recently been diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma. As a show of support for Duval, the Freedoms wore special patches with her initials on them on their uniforms during the 2014 season. The following day, the Freedoms announced that they had signed Taylor Townsend to replace Duval.

Six road matches to start the season
The Freedoms started the 2014 season with six road matches. In the season opener against the Springfield Lasers, the Freedoms fell behind, 10–6, after two sets and trailed 16–14 heading to the final set. Taylor Townsend earned a 5–4 set win in women's singles to send the match to overtime with the Freedoms still behind, 20–19. Townsend then won the first game of overtime to tie the score at 20 and force a super tiebreaker which she won, 7–3.

After three straight losses, the Freedoms cruised to a dominant victory over the Austin Aces, 25–11, winning all five sets. Frank Dancevic took a set from Andy Roddick, 5–3, in men's singles and teamed with Marcelo Melo for a 5–3 set win over Roddick and Treat Huey in men's doubles. Townsend won the women's singles set, 5–2, over Vera Zvonareva and partnered with Liezel Huber for a 5–2 set win in women's doubles. Huber and Melo won the mixed doubles set, 5–1.

The Freedoms lost the following match, 23–14, to the three-time defending champion Washington Kastles. With the season less than half finished, it was already the second time the Freedoms had visited Washington; they lost both matches. This defeat dropped the Freedoms' record to 2 wins and 4 losses.

Winning streak and a playoff berth
The Freedoms faced the San Diego Aviators in their home opener at The Pavilion on the campus of Villanova University on July 15, 2014, as Victoria Azarenka made her debut with the team. It was the first of four straight home matches on four consecutive evenings. After falling behind 10–4 after two sets, the Freedoms got set wins from Frank Dancevic (5–2 in men's singles), Azarenka (5–3 in women's singles) and Azarenka and Marcelo Melo (5–3 in mixed doubles) to earn a 19–18 victory.

The following evening, the Freedoms lost both singles sets but won all three doubles sets on their way to a 21–18 victory over the Springfield Lasers. Liezel Huber and Melo closed out the match with a 5–3 mixed doubles set win.

On July 17, 2014, the Freedoms faced the Washington Kastles. After Huber and Melo won he opening set of mixed doubles, 5–3, over Venus Williams and Leander Paes, Taylor Townsend took the first three games of the women's singles set from Williams. The Kastles substituted Anastasia Rodionova for Williams, but Townsend continued her dominance, winning the set, 5–0. Dancevic extended the Freedoms' lead to 15–5 at halftime with a 5–2 set win in men's singles. The Kastles won the women's doubles and men's doubles sets to send the match to overtime with the Freedoms holding a 21–15 lead. dancevic and Melo won the first game of overtime to give the Freedoms a 22–15 victory.

In the final match of the homestand, the Freedom won all five sets in a dominant 25–14 win over the Boston Lobsters. Dancevic, Huber, Melo and Townsend were each involved in two set wins. With their fourth straight win, the Freedoms swept their homestand and improved their record to 6 wins and 4 losses.

While enjoying a day off on July 19, 2014, the Freedoms clinched a playoff berth when the Kastles defeated the Lobsters, 23–9.

The Freedoms won their fifth straight match on July 20, 2014, when they beat the Lobsters on the road, 23–21. Dancevic started off the match with a 5–4 set win over John Isner. Huber and Townsend followed with a 5–4 women's doubles set win. Heber and Melo took the mixed doubles set to give the Freedoms a 15–12 halftime lead. After the Lobsters cut the lead to 18–17, Dancevic and Melo took the mn's doubles set, 5–4, to close out the victory.

End of the regular season
After their only home loss of the season (21–18 to the Austin Aces) ended their winning streak, the Freedoms responded with their most lopsided win of the season, a 25–6 drubbing of the Boston Lobsters. It was the third time during the 2014 season that the Freedoms had won all five sets in a match and the second time they had done it to the Lobsters. Taylor Townsend had a 5–0 set win in women's singles and teamed with Liezel Huber for another 5–0 set win in women's doubles.

With the Washington Kastles having clinched home-court advantage for the Eastern Conference Championship Match the previous evening, some of the drama was taken out of the Freedoms' regular-season finale. In a playoff preview, the Kastles won the first two sets to take a 10–5 lead and held an 18–13 advantage after four sets. In the final mixed doubles set Liezel Huber and Marcelo Melo topped Martina Hingis and Leander Paes, 5–2, to send the match to overtime with the Kastles clinging to a 20–18 lead. Huber and Melo won two games in overtime to send the match to a super tiebreaker which they won, 7–4, to give the Freedoms a 21–20 victory. The win gave the Freedoms 9 wins and 5 losses on the season, just one match behind the Kastles in the Eastern Conference standings.

Playoffs
The Freedoms met the Washington Kastles in the Eastern Conference Championship Match on July 24, 2014, in Washington. Taylor Townsend's 5–2 set win in women's singles over Martina Hingis gave the Freedoms an 8–7 lead after two sets. The Kastles won the next two sets to take a 17–11 advantage to the final set. In a bizarre scene during the fourth set of women's doubles, Liezel Huber was struck in the back of the head by a Townsend forehand shot. Huber was unable to continue. She was diagnosed with a concussion, taken to the hospital and later released. With no substitute available, Townsend was left to finish the set alone. Playing two against one, Townsend was not permitted to return serves on Huber's side and dropped the set, 5–1. Frank Dancevic and Marcelo Melo won the men's doubles set, 5–3, to send the match to overtime with the Kastles leading, 20–16. The Kastles won the first game of overtime to earn a 21–16 victory and end the season for the Freedoms.

Event chronology

 * February 11, 2014: The Freedoms selected Victoria Azarenka in the WTT Marquee Player Draft.
 * March 11, 2014: The Freedoms protected Victoria Duval and Liezel Huber and selected Marcelo Melo and Frank Dancevic in the WTT Roster Player Draft.
 * July 5, 2014: The Freedoms signed Taylor Townsend.
 * July 19, 2014: With a record of 6 wins and 4 losses, the Freedoms clinched a playoff berth when the Washington Kastles defeated the Boston Lobsters, 23–9.
 * July 24, 2014: The Freedoms lost the Eastern Conference Championship Match to the Washington Kastles, 21–16, in overtime.

Draft picks
Since the Freedoms had the league's second-worst record in 2013, they had the second selection in each round of both WTT drafts.

Marquee player draft
The Freedoms did not protect Sloane Stephens effectively making her a free agent. The selections made by the Freedoms are shown in the table below.

Roster player draft
The Freedoms protected two players from their 2013 team: Victoria Duval and Liezel Huber. They drafted WTT rookies Frank Dancevic and Marcelo Melo. The selections made by the Freedoms are shown in the table below.

Regular season

 * {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" style="border:1px solid #aaa"

! colspan="2" style="background:#003366; color:white" | Legend ! bgcolor="ccffcc" | Freedoms Win ! bgcolor="ffbbbb" | Freedoms Loss ! colspan="2" | Home team in CAPS
 * }

Playoffs

 * {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" style="border:1px solid #aaa"

! colspan="2" style="background:#003366; color:white" | Legend ! bgcolor="ccffcc" | Freedoms Win ! bgcolor="ffbbbb" | Freedoms Loss ! colspan="2" | Home team in CAPS
 * }
 * Eastern Conference Championship Match

Team personnel
Reference:

On-court personnel

 * 🇺🇸 Josh Cohen – Head Coach
 * 🇧🇾 Victoria Azarenka
 * 🇨🇦 Frank Dancevic
 * 🇺🇸 Victoria Duval (did not play due to illness)
 * 🇺🇸 Liezel Huber
 * 🇧🇷 Marcelo Melo
 * 🇺🇸 Taylor Townsend

Front office

 * Billie Jean King – Owner
 * Barbara Perry – General Manager

Notes:

Statistics
Players are listed in order of their game-winning percentage provided they played in at least 40% of the Freedoms' games in that event, which is the WTT minimum for qualification for league leaders in individual statistical categories.

 * Men's singles – regular season

 * Women's singles – regular season

 * Men's doubles – regular season

 * Women's doubles – regular season

 * Mixed doubles – regular season

 * Team totals – regular season

 * Men's singles – playoffs

 * Women's singles – playoffs

 * Men's doubles – playoffs

 * Women's doubles – playoffs

 * Mixed doubles – playoffs

 * Team totals – playoffs

 * Men's singles – all matches

 * Women's singles – all matches

 * Men's doubles – all matches

 * Women's doubles – all matches

 * Mixed doubles – all matches

 * Team totals – all matches

Transactions

 * February 11, 2014: The Freedoms drafted Victoria Azarenka in the WTT Marquee Player Draft.
 * February 11, 2014: The Freedoms left Sloane Stephens unprotected in the WTT Marquee Player Draft, effectively making her a free agent.
 * March 11, 2014: The Freedoms selected Victoria Duval and Liezel Huber (who were protected) along with Marcelo Melo and Frank Dancevic in the WTT Roster Player Draft.
 * March 11, 2014: The Freedoms left Samuel Groth, Jordan Kerr, Jessica Pegula and Sachia Vickery unprotected in the WTT Roster Player Draft, effectively making them free agents.
 * July 5, 2014: The Freedoms signed Taylor Townsend as an injury-replacement roster player.

Individual honors and achievements
Marcelo Melo was named WTT Male Most Valuable Player.

Melo led WTT in game-winning percentage in mixed doubles.

Liezel Huber was second in WTT in game-winning percentage in mixed doubles.

Taylor Townsend was third in WTT in game-winning percentage in women's singles and sixth in women's doubles.

Charitable support
During each night of the 2014 season, the WTT team with the most aces received US$1,000 toward a local charity of the team's choice as part of a program called Mylan Aces. In the case of a tie, the award was split accordingly. The Freedoms earned $4,500 for Assistance in Healthcare which works in partnership with Cancer Treatment Centers of America through the program.

title: 2014 Philadelphia Freedoms season


text:
User:Hayden.baker/sandbox

Hayden Morris Baker (born 1 December 1994) is an Youth soccer player Right Back who currently plays for Ashfield Soccer Club playing in the Western Australia State League Division One.

Ashfield Soccer Club
In 2011, Hayden started playing for Ashfield Soccer Club and slowly worked his way up into the reserve side and kept the right back position for most of the season. In 2012 he missed most of the pre season training and didnt make it in the starting line up for the first two games of the 2012 season. He started playing soccer for local club Kelmescott Roos at the age of six and didnt move clubs until he turned seventeen.

title: User:Hayden.baker/sandbox


text:
veljekset

Etymology
Plural of.

Noun

 * 1) brothers collective term for people who are each other's brothers

Usage notes
This term is used only of family, i.e. not of brothers through a brotherhood, in which case the correct term is, plural of.

title: veljekset