text:
Kenneth R. Chien

Kenneth R. Chien (born 1951) is an American doctor and medical scientist who has been a research director at Karolinska Institute, in Stockholm, since 2013. Chien has several papers with over 1,000 citations and a h-index of 132. His area of expertise is cardiovascular science. His research into regenerative cardiovascular medicine, specifically while director of the Cardiovascular Program of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, led to his co-founding, in 2010, of ModeRNA Therapeutics. In 2018, the company re-branded as Moderna, Inc. Chien is a recipient of the Walter Bradford Cannon Award of the American Physiology Society and the Pasarow Award. He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and has received an honorary doctorate from the University of Edinburgh.

Education
Kenneth's father Luther was born in China and escaped the second world war. He became a Harvard and MIT scholar, and DuPont scientist while working for the navy. Luther wanted Kenneth to become a neurologist. Kenneth Chien earned a BA from Harvard College in Biology before earning his PhD and MD from Pennsylvania's Temple University. He continued to study internal medicine and cardiology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. At Temple, Chien's PhD thesis was entitled "Biochemical events in irreversible, ischemic liver cell injury", which was published in 1982 and for which he conducted his dissertation in 1983. He is also a third generation Harvard alumnus, following his father and grandfather.

Career and research
Chien became a member of the faculty at the University of California at San Diego, acting as director of the Institute for Molecular Medicine from 2000 to 2005, with an adjunct appointment as a Professor of the Salk Institute. During that period, Chien was also responsible for co-founding the Institute of Molecular Medicine at Beijing's Peking University. Chien then worked as Scientific Director of the Cardiovascular Research Center at Massachusetts General Hospital from 2005 to 2012, concurrent to directing the Cardiovascular Program of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute from 2007 to 2013. In 2013 Chien took up a position as Professor of Cardiovascular Research and Research Director or the Wallenberg-Cardiovascular Initiative at Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. In an interview, Chien discussed the opportunity at KI to work closely with Astrazeneca in Molndal to move forward discoveries in regenerative therapeutics made in his lab towards clinical application, as well as praising Sweden as “a country that has decided to put its faith in science and technology". Dr. Chien has received numerous grants from the National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute, dating back to 1985. He has also applied for several patents, securing a total of 17.

Moderna involvement
While working at Harvard, Chien was approached by Derrick Rossi, a colleague at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, about co-founding a newco, based on findings in the Rossi lab on reprogramming stem cells with mRNA. This eventually turned into the medical research company Moderna Therapeutics, co-founded by Rossi, Chien and Bob Langer under the aegis of Flagship VentureLabs in 2011. In 2011, the Chien Lab made the discovery of the high efficiency expression of VEGF mRNA in heart muscle, resulting in a patent on the discovery that triggered mRNA towards therapeutic applications. In 2013, Chien and his associates documented the ability of VEGF mRNA for coronary vascular regeneration and to reverse the onset of heart dysfunction, thereby opening the potential of were researching the possibility of using synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce therapeutic desired effects in a patient's muscle cells:

''“What we have shown is that muscle cells take up this synthetic mRNA and will express almost any protein quickly. The technology will allow an intense, focused, one‐time application to drive a therapeutic effect that might have a long‐lasting effect by affecting, expanding and redirecting the fate of rare native tissue progenitors that are normally mobilized during injury and usually contribute to scar tissue.”'' At Karolinska, the Chien lab documented the ability to generate large numbers of human Islet heart progenitor cells from human embryonic stem cells, which resulted in a partnership with Astrazeneca to move the project toward clinical application.

In February 2019, AstraZeneca and the Chien lab reported the first in human study of an mRNA therapeutic, noting reversal of vascular dysfunction in diabetic patients by VEGF mRNA.

Awards and honors

 * American Physiological Society - Walter B. Cannon Award - Annual Award For Outstanding Investigator in Physiological Sciences
 * Robert J. and Claire Pasarow Foundation - Pasarow Foundation Award
 * Austrian Academy of Sciences - Foreign Member Elect
 * Norwegian Academy of Sciences - Foreign Member Elect
 * University of Edinburgh - Honorary Doctorate of Science
 * UCSD School of Medicine - American Heart Association Chair in Cardiovascular Research
 * Harvard University - Sanders Endowed Chair in Medicine and Cell Biology
 * Swedish Research Council - Distinguished Professorship
 * European Research Council (ERC) - Advanced Research Grant Award
 * Knut and Alice Wallenberg - Research Grant Award

Selected publications

 * "PPARγ is required for placental, cardiac, and adipose tissue development", Y Barak, MC Nelson, ES Ong, YZ Jones, P Ruiz-Lozano, KR Chien, ..., Molecular cell 4 (4), 585–595, (1999)
 * "Postnatal isl1+ cardioblasts enter fully differentiated cardiomyocyte lineages", KL Laugwitz, A Moretti, J Lam, P Gruber, Y Chen, S Woodard, LZ Lin, ..., Nature 433 (7026), 647–653, (2005)
 * "Signaling pathways for cardiac hypertrophy and failure", JJ Hunter, KR Chien, New England Journal of Medicine 341 (17), 1276–1283, (1999)
 * "Multipotent embryonic isl1+ progenitor cells lead to cardiac, smooth muscle, and endothelial cell diversification", A Moretti, L Caron, A Nakano, JT Lam, A Bernshausen, Y Chen, Y Qyang, ..., Cell 127 (6), 1151–1165, (2006)
 * "Cardiac muscle cell hypertrophy and apoptosis induced by distinct members of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase family", Y Wang, S Huang, VP Sah, J Ross, JH Brown, J Han, KR Chien, Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 (4), 2161–2168, (1998)
 * "Epicardial progenitors contribute to the cardiomyocyte lineage in the developing heart", B Zhou, Q Ma, S Rajagopal, SM Wu, I Domian, J Rivera-Feliciano, ..., Nature 454 (7200), 109–113, (2008)
 * "Regulation of cardiac gene expression during myocardial growth and hypertrophy: molecular studies of an adaptive physiologic response", KR Chien, KU Knowlton, S Chien, The FASEB Journal 5 (15), 3037–3064, (1991)
 * "ErbB2 is essential in the prevention of dilated cardiomyopathy SA Crone", YY Zhao, L Fan, Y Gu, S Minamisawa, Y Liu, KL Peterson, ..., Nature medicine 8 (5), 459–465, (2002)
 * "MLP-deficient mice exhibit a disruption of cardiac cytoarchitectural organization, dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart failure", S Arber, JJ Hunter, J Ross Jr, M Hongo, G Sansig, J Borg, JC Perriard, ..., Cell 88 (3), 393-403 (1997)
 * "Enhanced myocardial function in transgenic mice overexpressing the beta 2-adrenergic receptor", CA Milano, LF Allen, HA Rockman, PC Dolber, TR McMinn, KR Chien, ..., Science 264 (5158), 582–586, (1994)

title: Kenneth R. Chien


text:
Wikipedia:Meetup/Canadian Music

About this campaign
The “Music and Belonging: Music in Canada at 150 Wikipedia Project” is a multifaceted campaign which pairs the professional skills of librarians and archivists with academics, music historians, musicians, students and local music communities to increase the quality and amount of content about Canadian musicians in Wikipedia and Wikidata thereby increasing the accessibility to music culture for all Canadians and the wider online community. Please see the project webpage for detailed information and training and outreach materials.

The project is being funded through a Wikimedia Foundation Project Grant and the York University Canada 150 fund.

Dates & locations
Editing events will be held across Canada during the month of October, 2017. This is coordinated with the Canadian National Contribution month and Open Access week.

Thursday, October 19th

 * Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland. Sign-up

 * 55 York Blvd, Central Branch, Hamilton Public Library, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4E4. Map, 11 am - 5 pm, Sign-up, Meet-up page.

 * D.B. Weldon Library atrium, Western University, London, Ontario. Sign up.

 * Eckhardt-Gramatté Music Library, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Sign-up

Tuesday, October 24th
 * Robertson Library, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI. Sign-up

 * Scott Library, York University, Toronto, Ontario. Sign-up

 * Music Library, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. Sign-up

Friday, October 27th

 * MacEwan University (in collaboration with the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. Sign-up
 * J.N. Desmarais Library, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario. Sign-up, Meet-up page

Virtual participation
 * Participants are also welcome to participate virtually. Sign-up

Articles and items to edit/create
Editing activities are organized through a dashboard. Please sign-up through the dashboard.
 * Murray Adaskin (needs citations)
 * Frances_James_(soprano)
 * Richard_Margison
 * Ronnie_Hawkins
 * Richard_Manuel
 * Andrew_Ager
 * Robert_Aitken_(composer)
 * Violet_Archer
 * Allison_Cameron_(composer)

Resources for research

 * Encyclopedia of Music in Canada

Sources for adding authority data
This sources are useful for finding identifiers that can be added to Wikidata and will populate the authority control area in Wikipedia articles, no matter the language.
 * Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
 * Musicbrainz music encyclopedia
 * Discogs
 * Soundexchange ISRC search
 * Allmusic.com
 * International Movie Database (IMDb)
 * Library of Congress linked data service
 * Library of Congress list of identifiers

Training materials
Many excellent introductory tutorials and other training materials exist. This section includes links to a few examples.
 * Getting started with Wikipedia
 * Try to ensure all participants have an account.

Music-specific materials

 * In-person Workshop on Wikidata and music by Dan Scott was recorded and the video has been made available. Slides and text and have been posted.
 * Online tutorial video on Wikidata and music by Dan Scott
 * Editing Wikipedia for music biographies: introduction. Slides and notes from a workshop. by Stacy Allison-Cassin User:Smallison
 * Editing Wikipedia for music biographies: infoboxes, categories and authorities. Slides and notes from an online tutorial. by Stacy Allison-Cassin User:Smallison
 * Editing music biographies User:Smallison

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wikipedia:Meetup/Canadian Music


text:
El Camino Tour

The El Camino Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American rock duo the Black Keys in support of their 2011 studio album, El Camino. The tour, which spanned 129 shows, began on January 23, 2012, and ended on July 13, 2013. It was the group's first tour playing arenas as a headlining act. The tour grossed $12.7 million in 2012.

Background
In December 2011, the Black Keys announced a 2012 concert tour, their first playing arenas as a headlining act. The tour opened in Europe on January 23, 2012 with three weeks of shows, before visiting North America from March to May. The tour made multiple return visits to Europe and North America throughout the year, while also visiting Australasia from October through November. In total, the group played 112 shows in 2012. Among the support acts that accompanied the band were Band of Skulls, Arctic Monkeys, and Tegan and Sara. After tickets went on sale, the Black Keys' concert at Madison Square Garden in New York City sold out in 15 minutes, resulting in the addition of a second date at the venue to satisfy demand. The tour ended on July 13, 2013, after 129 shows.

Just as it did on its previous tour, the group added bassist Gus Seyffert and keyboardist/guitarist John Wood as touring musicians in order to perform songs as close to their studio arrangements as possible. Guitarist Dan Auerbach explained the decision for the expanded live band: "It wasn't about the size of the venue. It was just that we could afford to do it and our songs deserved it. We wanted to finally present the songs like we'd written them." During the middle portion of each concert, Auerbach and drummer Patrick Carney played older material as a duo without the backing musicians. Many critics singled these performances out as the shows' highlights.

The concert stage used an austere setup with a lighting system and video projections designed by Karl Lemieux. The lighting comprised four banks of on-stage vintage spotlights, along with two disco balls and a lighted sign bearing the band's name that were lowered for the encores. Lemieux's video, which was projected onto a white sheet at the stage's rear, incorporated black-and-white footage of junkyards, deserts, and open highways. Carney explained that the band was aiming for a retro aesthetic, saying, "We kind of wanted to make the whole stage look like an old-school rock 'n' roll show, as much as possible. We're referencing bands in the '70s, what they were doing when they were playing arenas." Moreover, the footage was meant to pay homage to the group's origins. Auerbach said, "We wanted it to represent our music and the Midwest where we're from, the Rust Belt and open spaces. We find that stuff beautiful and uplifting."

Support acts

 * Band of Skulls (Leg 1 & 3: Europe)
 * Arctic Monkeys (Leg 2: North America)
 * Tame Impala (Leg 2: Council Bluffs)
 * Tegan and Sara (Leg 4: North America)
 * Royal Headache (Leg 5: Australia)
 * The Maccabees (Leg 6: Europe)
 * Divine Fits (Leg 7: Las Vegas)
 * The Flaming Lips (Leg 9: North America)

Set list
Source:
 * 1) "Howlin' for You"
 * 2) "Next Girl"
 * 3) "Run Right Back"
 * 4) "Same Old Thing"
 * 5) "Dead and Gone"
 * 6) "Gold on the Ceiling"
 * 7) "Thickfreakness"
 * 8) "Girl Is on My Mind"
 * 9) "I'll Be Your Man"
 * 10) "Your Touch"
 * 11) "Little Black Submarines"
 * 12) "Money Maker"
 * 13) "Strange Times"
 * 14) "Chop and Change" (North America) / "Sinister Kid" (Australasia)
 * 15) "Nova Baby"
 * 16) "Ten Cent Pistol"
 * 17) "Tighten Up"
 * 18) "Lonely Boy"
 * Encore
 * 1) "Everlasting Light"
 * 2) "She's Long Gone"
 * 3) "I Got Mine"

Tour dates

 * Festivals and other miscellaneous performances

 * These concerts were part of the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival.
 * This concert was part of Edgefest 2012.
 * These concerts are part of the Firefly Music Festival.
 * This concert is part of the Catalpa Festival.
 * This concert is part of Lollapalooza.
 * This concert is part of the Osheaga Festival.
 * This concert is part of the Way Out West Festival.
 * This concert is part of the Øyafestivalen.
 * This concert is part of the Flow Festival.
 * This concert was part of the Frequency Festival.
 * This concert was part of the Lowlands Festival.
 * This concert was part of Pukkelpop.
 * This concert was part of the HighField Festival.
 * This concert was part of Tennent's Vital.
 * These concerts were part of the Reading and Leeds Festivals.
 * This concert was part of Rock en Seine.

 * This concert was part of Global Poverty Project's Global Festival.
 * This concert was part of the Austin City Limits Music Festival.
 * This concert was part of the Corona Capital Festival.
 * This concert was part of Rock-It.
 * This concert is part of Lollapalooza Brazil.
 * This concert is part of El Festival Mas Grande.
 * This concert is part of Lollapalooza Chile.
 * This concert is part of the Beale Street Music Festival.
 * This concert is part of the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival.
 * This concert is part of BottleRock Napa Valley.
 * This concert is part of KROQ Weenie Roast.
 * This concert is part of Ottawa Bluesfest.
 * This concert is part of Mondial Choral
 * This concert is part of Festival d'été de Québec
 * This concert is part of the Forecastle Festival.

title: El Camino Tour


text:
džingl

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  jingle a short melody dividing parts of TV or radio broadcasting, often before or after a commercial break

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) jingle

title: džingl


text:
User:MUGUME Elia

Mugume Elia is a Male Rwandan born in Uganda, Ntungamo District. Year 1989 June 04th Married

title: User:MUGUME Elia


text:
Wiktionary:Requested entries (Thai)

for basic Thai words that need entries

ก

 * - friendly?
 * - a traditional Thai style of coffee
 * - friendly?
 * - a traditional Thai style of coffee
 * - a traditional Thai style of coffee
 * - a traditional Thai style of coffee
 * - a traditional Thai style of coffee

ข

 * - riceberry, a new variety of rice

ฃ

 * Note: This letter is obsolete. You might find its spellings only in ancient documents. Do not confuse it with ซ (s).

ค

 * - a certain plant or flower?
 * Cardiospermum halicacabum, said by official dictionary. Also called กระออม. --Octahedron80 (talk) 06:32, 10 September 2016 (UTC)
 * - palm leaf manuscript
 * - favour, favor
 * - it's in thwiktionary, SEAlang, and thai-language.com
 * - it's in thwiktionary, SEAlang, and thai-language.com
 * - a fruit
 * - it's in thwiktionary, SEAlang, and thai-language.com
 * - a fruit

ฅ

 * Note: This letter is obsolete. You might find its spellings only in ancient documents. Do not confuse it with ต (t).

จ

 * - border crossing, border checkpoint, borderpost
 * - a spicy dip from Isaan? - it's in thai-dictionary.com
 * - it's in Thai Wiktionary
 * - it's in Thai Wiktionary
 * - it's in Thai Wiktionary

ช

 * - too, also
 * - dress?

ฌ

 * Note: Very few words begin with this letter.

ฎ

 * Note: Very few words begin with this letter.

ฏ

 * Note: No word nowadays begins with this letter.

ฑ

 * Note: Very few words begin with this letter.

ฒ

 * Note: Very few words begin with this letter.

ณ

 * Note: Very few words begin with this letter.

ด

 * - a category of Thai lesbian

ต

 * - haircut? or only cut hair?
 * - centre/center?
 * - ancient form of muay Thai?
 * It is colloquial SOP ต่อย+มวย "to box (the boxing)". Not the keyword of Muay Thai. --Octahedron80 (talk) 00:51, 27 March 2022 (UTC)
 * - ancient form of muay Thai?
 * It is colloquial SOP ต่อย+มวย "to box (the boxing)". Not the keyword of Muay Thai. --Octahedron80 (talk) 00:51, 27 March 2022 (UTC)

ถ

 * - next?
 * - Thai type of coffee filter, notable used for

ท

 * - that, which sense(s)?

น

 * - jerky?
 * - jerky? literally "heavenly beef"
 * - lori, a type of parrot? Also some type of fish?
 * - a type of dance

บ

 * - something?
 * - comparable with Lao
 * - a synonym for ? it's in Thai Wiktionary

ป

 * - armband worn by Muay Thai fighters
 * - a free reed pipe used by the Lanna people of northern Thailand
 * - to spin cotton thread?
 * - a food
 * - literally "where are you going?" but used as a common greeting. It's is SEAlang and thai-language.com
 * - literally "where are you going?" but used as a common greeting. It's is SEAlang and thai-language.com

ผ

 * - a type of spicy stir-fry
 * - a type of spicy stir-fry
 * - a type of spicy stir-fry

ฝ

 * - sun shower. Not sure it qualifies as a word or phrase though. It's not in thai-language.com but it's used around the internet.
 * - However, ฝว cannot be pronounced. So it just be read ไฝ้. --Octahedron80 (talk) 03:47, 23 September 2023 (UTC)

พ

 * - folded sa paper?
 * - cayenne pepper?
 * พริกขี้หนูสวน is more likely the Capsicum frutescens, which is closely related to (but smaller than) bird's eye chili/พริกขี้หนู. — Nvtj (talk) 12:49, 28 April 2020 (UTC)
 * - thunderstorm
 * - cognate with Lao
 * - to examine closely

ม

 * - burst according to google translate, might just mean 'to be destroyed' though
 * - even?
 * - when? whenever?
 * - mansion, but in the Japanese sense rather than the current English sense
 * - as in คริสตจักร แห่ง พระเจ้า ผู้ ทรง มหิทธิ ฤทธิ์ (Thai for The Church of Almighty God)
 * - mansion, but in the Japanese sense rather than the current English sense
 * - as in คริสตจักร แห่ง พระเจ้า ผู้ ทรง มหิทธิ ฤทธิ์ (Thai for The Church of Almighty God)

ย

 * - one of the former names of
 * - a dish also called "pink noodles". from

ร

 * (I think the correct spelling is . —Stephen (Talk) 21:49, 24 May 2015 (UTC))
 * It is printed on a dictionary by RI for some time I think. --Octahedron80 (talk) 15:18, 6 December 2015 (UTC)
 * (ro-tī-sāy-mai)

ฤ

 * Note: Very few words begin with this letter.

ล

 * - a kind of monkey
 * - Rubik's cube
 * - military form of muay Thai?
 * It seems to be a person name or surname. Nothing in common sense. --Octahedron80 (talk) 00:46, 27 March 2022 (UTC)
 * It seems to be a person name or surname. Nothing in common sense. --Octahedron80 (talk) 00:46, 27 March 2022 (UTC)

ฦ

 * Note: This letter is obsolete. You might find its spellings only in ancient documents. Do not confuse it with ภ (ph) or ฤ (rue)

ษ

 * Note: Very few words begin with this letter.

ส

 * (don’t know of any separate meaning for this. It ends in a silent "d", so maybe it’s a borrowing from Pali)
 * Does it occur as part of other words? Could it be a suffix? — hippietrail 06:27, 27 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Sòok is from Pali सुख, sukha, so, remembering that สันต์ = -san[d], you might find something at http://vedabase.net/s/sukha —Stephen 06:54, 27 December 2008 (UTC)
 * - moment?
 * - perfect?
 * "Perfect" could only be called สมบูรณ์. แบบ is another word for "model, style, way, form, pattern". So สมบูรณ์แบบ is SOP. --Octahedron80 (talk) 00:54, 27 March 2022 (UTC)
 * สแกมเมอร์ - scammer? get's less than 100 Google hits but we also have no other Thai word for this so far
 * We use มิจฉาชีพ for all kind of fraudster. --Octahedron80 (talk) 03:03, 18 April 2023 (UTC)
 * - a type of fish
 * - to adventure?
 * - bidet shower - this is the main term in Thai Wikipedia and is in thai-language.com - contrariwise, our term is in neither
 * - to adventure?
 * - bidet shower - this is the main term in Thai Wikipedia and is in thai-language.com - contrariwise, our term is in neither
 * - bidet shower - this is the main term in Thai Wikipedia and is in thai-language.com - contrariwise, our term is in neither

ห

 * -- seems to be interchangeable with and  - might it even be a typo?
 *
 * หรอ often found in chat message, but rarely heard one say 'rɔ̌ɔ'. So this must be the corruption of หรือ or เหรอ. I also found and  that are considered as the same case. However, หรอ, หลอ and เหลอ already have their different meanings in dictionary. --Octahedron80 (talk) 07:38, 16 March 2016 (UTC)
 * - formal term for a roadside stall or stand?
 * (หรดาล)
 * - lao khao
 * - in the Clozemaster sentence "พรุ่งนี้พยายามอย่าสายอีกหละ"
 * - in the Clozemaster sentence "พรุ่งนี้พยายามอย่าสายอีกหละ"
 * - in the Clozemaster sentence "พรุ่งนี้พยายามอย่าสายอีกหละ"

ฬ

 * Note: No word nowadays begins with this letter.

อ

 * - compare with Lao
 * - to go, take away - as in take away food or coffee to go
 * - a particle

Unknown written forms

 * Muay Khao - a Muay Thai style
 * Muay Mat - a Muay Thai style
 * Muay Tae - a Muay Thai style
 * I am pretty sure that they are มวยเข่า (knee boxing) มวยหมัด (fist boxing) and มวยเตะ (kick boxing), all SOP. However, มวยไทย (Muay Thai) already allows kneeing, fisting, and kicking. --Octahedron80 (talk) 07:18, 4 January 2022 (UTC)
 * sup Thai - a stew-like dish from the Isan region
 * It is ซุบ. It is dry (with a little excessed water), not stew-like. Homophone of ซุป (soup) but they are totally different. --Octahedron80 (talk) 03:55, 23 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Khao kriab - crackers?
 * It is ข้าวเกรียบ. Only for rice cracker, not any cracker. --Octahedron80 (talk) 03:51, 23 September 2023 (UTC)

de:Wiktionary:Thai/Wunschliste

title: Wiktionary:Requested entries (Thai)


text:
Ptichodis basilans

Ptichodis basilans is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Honduras, French Guiana, Venezuela, Brazil (Bahia, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul) and Paraguay.

title: Ptichodis basilans


text:
Talk:Fundamentals of computational chemistry

Fundamentals of computational chemistry
There is a computational chemistry book on wikibooks. Could it could better be imported here? (The preceding unsigned comment was added by MartinY (talk • contribs) .)

 * Really? Where is the link to it? --HappyCamper 15:04, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Computational_chemistry, but it's a wikibook, not a course. --Rayc 17:44, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Impressive! From my perspective, this is really, really great. What sort of ideas do you have for development over here? --HappyCamper 17:48, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I am initially disposing of all my redundant teaching material. I do not teach this stuff any more but if it is going to be used and augmented by other people I could improve it and add more practical problems. Practical problems which can be done in any environment, where people have different computer programs, are possible but need a bit of thought. MartinY 14:37, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Teaching by doing
A fundamental feature of good teaching is that the student should be able to do things. In science that means doing experiments. In computational chemistry it means doing calculations on a computer. I have been writing CGI scripts now for 10 years or more that allow an interface from a web page, via forms, to computational chemistry codes ranging from simple Huckel theory to ab initio calculations using Gaussian or Gamess (I realise that these are not open source, but PSI3 is and it would be easy enough to alter the Gaussian scripts to run that code.). How could we do this on a wiki? It seems we can only put up text and images. Of course adding Jmol to the wiki experience will be one step forward. See this link. Currently we just need to get the Jmol extension to be more secure. For calculations however, we need direct access to a server that can run the code. Any suggestions. It would also be nice to have CGI scripts that allow simple tests and responses via a forms interface and I have some of those. In fact we have a major project that was used to teach an internet Masters degree course in computational chemistry. This course is no longer offered, but I am discussing with my colleagues the possability of moving it on mass to Wikiversity. I would not want to lose the key inovation of that project which is to go beyond just text and add interactive use of computational chemistry codes. --Bduke 00:43, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

 * My suggestion is work with the other science, computing, information technology and engineering areas to establish a Wikiversity Distributed Virtual Supercomputer.  Such a grid like beast should be developed to support large and small projects on some appropriate job scheduling algorythms.  Much potential research areas of interest to computer scientists, engineers and sociologists or business pychologists in running our own resources efficiently to keep most people somewhat satisfied.  Mirwin 17:41, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

I am now beginning to make a start on the project as outlined above, using the main page of this talk page as the portal. The basis for all this is the Australian Computational Chemistry via the Internet Project (ACCVIP), which for a few years supported a internet based Master of Science in Computational Chemistry. The ACCVIP team have now agreed to make these material available under an open source license. Initially I plan to add to wikiversity five of the basic six modules that we developed. The first module we used, the "Scope of Computational Chemistry" is badly dated and needs a different approach here in any event. The 5 modules are:

 * 1) Introduction to molecular modeling.
 * 2) Introduction to approximate quantum chemistry.
 * 3) Basic qualitative structure activity relationships.
 * 4) Introduction to ab initio quantum chemistry.
 * 5) Introduction to molecular mechanics and dynamics.

Doing this is going to take much time and there are a number of problems to overcome. HTML text has to be wikified, equations as images have to be put into maths tags, the quiz extension has to be learned and applied, and access to the sandbox server has to be obtained to allow students to run simple codes as they progress through the materials. For many reasons, I have decided to concentrate on the second module, which will deal with the approximate methods such as Hückel theory, extended Hückel theory, and the semiempirical methods available in the MOPAC program.

As this module develops I hope we can develop a learning community for students who wish to learn this material. At the same time I hope that materials from other editors can be added to improve and extend the original materials. --Bduke 05:21, 31 January 2008 (UTC)


text:
North American Congress on Latin America

North American Congress in Latin America (NACLA) is a non-profit organization founded in 1966 to provide information on trends in Latin America and relations between Latin America and the United States. The organization is best known for publishing the quarterly NACLA Report on the Americas, and also publishes "books, anthologies and pamphlets for classroom and activist use". The NACLA Report on the Americas print magazine was briefly discontinued in 2015, but relaunched under the Taylor and Francis imprint Routledge in May 2016.

For the last 50 years, NACLA has been a source of English-language news and analysis for journalists, policymakers, activists, students and scholars in North America and throughout the world.

Founding
In 1966, the founders consisted of civil rights, anti-war, and labor activists. The North American Congress on Latin America (NACLA) was established as a group that performed research for the leftist group Students for a Democratic Society. The group's founders were inspired by the Cuban Revolution and had a goal to challenge the elitist conventions expressed as "national interests" of the American people and to express the interests of those fundamentally opposed to American elitism.

1970s–1990s
The 1970s produced further research on United States (U.S.) involvement in the 1973 overthrow of Salvador Allende's elected government in Chile. The coup reinforced the American "fears" of socialism succeeding in America. That year, the NACLA report called "Facing the Blockade" documented President Richard Nixon's Administration's "invisible blockade" that denied Allende and his regime's "credit arrangements necessary for export-import operations". Salvador Allende responded to NACLA's book New Chile in his speech to the United Nations by saying: "If you want to know how the U.S. has affected Chile, just read New Chile by NACLA."

In 1978, NACLA split into two groups, with one group moving to Oakland, California, called the "Data Center".

In the 1980s, NACLA's reporting focused on the United States' role in the Central American Wars of the 1980s. NACLA activists travelled frequently to El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala, studying conflicts in such areas.

In the 1990s, NACLA stated that there was a pervasive culture of impunity in Latin America's new democracies. They highlighted the military consequences of the Drug War and criticized the neoliberal revolution occurring in Latin America.

Rubén Zamora, a presidential candidate for the leftist Democratic Convergence in El Salvador, said that he regards NACLA as responsible for the better part of his political formation. During the darkest part of Haiti's military rule in the early 1990s, President Jean-Bertrand Aristide's ambassador-in-exile to the United States, Jean Casimir, wrote to “express [his] gratitude to NACLA for its unflinching solidarity during this important period of our history."

Present
Today, with Latin American leaders and social movements confronting what they call inequalities brought on by neoliberalism and rejecting the Washington Consensus, the growing movement for global justice pushes NACLA's intentions to take a prominent role just as it did in the 1970s and 1980s. Using the internet as an organizing tool and information portal, NACLA's website intends to provide coverage of Latin America and the Caribbean along with an analysis magazine, 50 years of archives, discussion forums, electronic newsletters, action alerts, links to social movements and organizations, and a media analysis project to examine mainstream coverage of the region.

In 2006, the NACLA Report was rewarded with the Utne Independent Press Award for International Coverage.

Since 2013, NACLA has partnered with the New York University Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies, in the King Juan Carlos of Spain building, which houses NACLA's offices.

After a brief pause in 2015, the NACLA Report on the Americas resumed publication in May 2016 as a quarterly publication published under the Taylor and Francis imprint Routledge. Content is managed by a small editorial staff and editorial board of academics, activists, journalists, and researchers.

Programs and activities
NACLA developed programs involving public debate and activism surrounding issues in the Americas. This includes its flagship publication, NACLA Report of the Americas, among other books, anthologies, and pamphlets. To support its bi-monthly newsletter, NACLA's site includes blogs, interviews, photo essays, its own radio department, and articles for investigative research and journalism.

NACLA hosts and collaborates with various conferences, seminars, teach-ins, and workshops to bring journalists, students, scholars, and others together such as The Media Accuracy on Latin America project, which involved a network of participants that generate constructive media criticism on U.S. policy in the region.

Magazine
NACLA Report on the Americas is the political magazine produced by the North American Congress on Latin America.

The journal describes itself as "the oldest and most widely read progressive magazine covering Latin America and its relationship with the United States".

The magazine changed from bimonthly to quarterly in 2012. It ceased print publication in 2015. However, the magazine announced a return to print through a partnership with Routledge in April 2016. The relaunch of the magazine was set for May 27, 2016.

Format
A standard issue began with several short pieces on Latin American and Caribbean current events followed by a series of longer in-depth articles grouped in a thematic section on a particular topic of Latin American affairs and/or U.S. policy toward the region. Each issue ended with a review section on books related to Latin American and Caribbean political themes.

Reception
The Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, stated in 1984 that NACLA "openly acknowledges its leftwing bias, even though other Latin American lobby groups have grown more circumspect" and that "despite the organization's theoretical ties to Marxist-Leninism, it can respond to the changing political realities of Capitol Hill".


text:
Talk:Steve Westly

Untitled
To me, this seems to be written by a publicist, displaying political bias. TROGG 01:09, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I think it is ok. Dapoloplayer 23:10, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree that it sounds too much like a campaign message. "Proud California native"? "He's led the fight against tax swindles"? It appears too NPOV to me. Imdugud 21:33, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Come on! This page is comically biased. "Steve Westly is a proud California native. An innovator throughout his career, Steve was an early executive at eBay, which he helped to build into one of America’s most successful companies. Serving as State Controller of California since 2002, he’s been a tough fiscal watchdog. By championing innovation and --Caliwiki 07:57, 5 June 2006 (UTC)accountability in government, Steve is a strong advocate for Democratic values..." Please!! Such "articles" are an insult to all Wikipedians. /Ulrikgade.

 * Problem solved. Turns out this was a copyvio added by <IP_ADDRESS>.  See page 3 of http://www.westly2006.com/atf/cf/%7BE01F1A71-840E-4CAE-8F78-7ABC0EEA3C2C%7D/STEVE%20WESTLY%20HANDOUT.PDF. OCNative 02:29, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

I made several factual and balancing edits yesterday that were removed by another user. I spent a lot of time yesterday trying to make both this page and the Angelides page fresh and accurate given that the primary election is on Tuesday. I'm puzzled about their removal, but I'm also fairly new to wiki, so maybe I didn't do it in the right way. As others have noted, this page has had a habit of collecting biased rhetoric. For instance, I balanced what sounds like campaign rhetoric about bringing in $4 billion with a source (one of several) that calls this # into question. Here's my deleted addition:
 * ". . . but some--including the state's non-partisan Legislative Analyst's Office--dispute this, pointing to the fact that most of the money would have come in anyway, or will have to be refunded ."

Here's the relevant passage from that citation, which is a San Francisco Chronicle article:
 * "If I can bring in $4 billion without raising taxes, think what I can do as governor,'' he told an audience in Oroville this year.

 * But of the $3.8 billion collected under the tax amnesty program, the state Finance Department and the Legislative Analyst's Office estimated that only about $380 million was new money for the state. That means $3.4 billion was either refunded to taxpayers or represented advance payments of tax money California would have received anyway.

 * Westly's Controller's Office and the Franchise Tax Board put the collections for the program at $4.8 billion, but they agreed that all but $800 million represented advance payments or refunds.

 * A program easing penalties on people in abusive tax shelters brought in $1.4 billion, about half of which was new money.

I removed the phrase, "His campaign has picked up considerable momentum." That's clearly an opinion, isn't it?

I updated the polls section, but it was reverted to include the phrase "a recent LA Times poll showed Westly up 13 points" despite the fact that a more recent LA Times poll showed him behind by 3 points (http://www.latimes.com/la-me-poll28may28,0,5948271.story?coll=la-home-headlines). Again, I'm not sure why this would get reverted.

Finally, the statement about opposing Schwarzenegger on Prop 98 is vague (and if you're a California voter, virtually worthless, since nearly every Democrat in the state supports funding Prop 98). Rather than delete the phrase, I put it into context by saying that "scores of Democrats" also took this position, and point out that he differs with many other Democrats, including his opponent Phil Angelides, on this issue when it comes to funding schools (there might be a better way to say it). Perhaps someone else can say it better, but I think more info needs to be added.--Caliwiki 05:22, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Neutrality, folks
I readded the quote about Westly's plans being overambitious since it's factually sourced. But comparing your edits to those of the Phil Angelides page, I would like to ask if you are a Campaign Operative for the Angelides campaign or not? If so then you are welcome here, but all contributers have to follow WP:POV and POV_pushing. Taunting Westly by saying "Despite Feinstein endorsing Angelides" and saying (this group endorsed Angelides too) is not acceptable under Wikipedia rules. You can add the fact that these groups have endorsed Angelides on his page. And the term "momentum" is used on Angelides page as well, and I agree to the usage on both gentlemen's pages because their campaigns seem to alternate momentum weekly. I also added a quote about Westly supporting the Internet tax and Angelides' stance on immigration to balance things out. Just so you know, I am not a registered Democrat and have cast an absentee vote for another party, and I have absolutely no stake in the Democratic primary except that I am most likely not voting for Mr. Westly or Mr. Angelides.--Folksong 06:52, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not an operative. Didn't mean to "taunt"--you'll notice that I mentioned the dual endorsements on both pages, and I don't think the Angeldies campaign wants that EPA thing anywhere near his entry.  I was going for balance, but I'm not up to speed on wiki style yet.  Thanks for your understanding.--Caliwiki 07:41, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

 * couple other points: though I think the internet tax statement is legit, it is an existing tax that isn't getting collected, not a new tax, which some people might think is an important point.  Also, both Westly and Angelides have essentially the same position on Prop 98 (for it, though they differ on how to fund it) and on National Guard troops at the border (against).  When someone has the time (and if it's not Tuesday yet!), they might want to mirror those issues in both candidate's pages.--Caliwiki 07:57, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Spammer
Steve Westly endorses the use of SPAM (broadcasting messages to a wide variety of uninterested people). During his 2006 campaign to become govenor, he copied recorded messages to telephone answering machines.Chuck Simmons 01:31, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Robocalling, as it is known, is a common practice; singling Westly out for doing it when many other politicians and campaigns do it as well seems, frankly, ludicrous. Also, it is inaccurate to call robocalling SPAM, since political recorded messages are legal in California. (This comment is not meant to express an opinion on the practice of robocalling or on Steve Westly, just to belatedly set the record straight.) - gohlkus 20:28, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

Sierra Club endorsement
I covered the race way back when for a small community college paper, and from what I recall the Sierra Club endorsed both Westly and Angelides. Ergo, it's probably unnecessary to write that he was endorsed by the Sierra Club.

Age incongruity
Under "Political Career", it says he was elected as the Northern Treasurer of the California Democratic Party at age 23, in 1981. If his birthday is correct, he would have been 24/25 in 1981, not 23. Either the year he was elected is incorrect, or the year he was born. — Preceding unsigned comment added by BigGreenKayaker (talk • contribs) 00:45, 21 May 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:52, 15 June 2020 (UTC)
 * SW Gov Run 2006.jpg

title: Talk:Steve Westly


text:
komparoida

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬), ultimately from and adapted with the verbal suffix.

Verb

 * 1) To compare.

title: komparoida


text:
User:Nicholasve

Nicholas Valentine Was born on Dec 6 1982. 8th from 12 brothers and sisters. Hometown : Himbaan Bundu Tuhan Ranau Sabah North of Borneo

title: User:Nicholasve


text:
French Braille

French Braille is the original braille alphabet, and the basis of all others. The alphabetic order of French has become the basis of the international braille convention, used by most braille alphabets around the world. However, only the 25 basic letters of the French alphabet plus w have become internationalized; the additional letters are largely restricted to French Braille and the alphabets of some neighboring European countries.

Letters

In numerical order by decade, the letters are:

For the purposes of accommodating a foreign alphabet, the letters ì, ä, ò may be added:

There are also numerous contractions and abbreviations in French braille.

Punctuation
Punctuation is as follows: The lower values are readings within numbers (after the Antoine number marker: see below).

Formatting and mode
Formatting and mode-changing marks are:

As in English Braille, the capital sign is doubled for all caps.

$\langle\rangle$ and $\langle\rangle$ are used to begin and end emphasis within a word.

The symbol marker combines with a following initial letter to produce the following:
 * §, &,  ©,  ®,  ™,  % ( ‰,  ‱)

The currency marker combines with a following initial for:
 * ¥, €,  $,  £

It is also used in comic strips:
 * (speech bubble), (thought bubble)

Numbers
The traditional system of digits is to add the number sign in front of the letters of the first decade (a–j), with  being $\langle1\rangle$ and  being $\langle0\rangle$. This is the internationally recognized number system. However, in French Braille a new system, the Antoine braille digits, is used for mathematics and is recommended for all academic publications. This uses combined with the first nine letters of the fourth decade, from  for $\langle1\rangle$ to  for $\langle9\rangle$, with the preceding  for $\langle0\rangle$. The period/decimal and fraction bar also change. The Antoine numbers are being promoted in France and Luxembourg, but are not much used with French Braille in Quebec.

 * {|class=wikitable

!colspan=2| !Traditional!! !Antoine!!
 * +French Braille digits
 * - align=center
 * 0 ||1 ||2 ||3 ||4 ||5 ||6 ||7 ||8 ||9
 * }
 * }

See the punctuation section above for Antoine mathematical notation.

History

Readings have changed slightly since modern braille was first published in 1837. The greatest change has been various secondary readings which were added to the alphabet and then abandoned.

Similar alphabets
In general, only the assignments of the basic 26 letters of the French alphabet are retained in other braille alphabets. For example, among the additional letters, in German Braille only ü and ö coincide with French Braille. However, there are several alphabets which are much more closely related. Italian Braille is identical to the French apart from doubling up French Braille ò to Italian ó and ò, since French has no ó. Indeed, a principal difference of these alphabets is the remapping of French vowels with a grave accent (à è ì ò ù) to an acute accent (á é í ó ú), as the French alphabet does not support acute accents apart from é. Spanish changes all five of these vowels, as well as taking ü. Portuguese Braille is also very similar to the French, though the shift of grave to acute accents necessitated a chain of other changes, such as circumflex to grave, and the Portuguese tildes were taken from French diaereses (Portuguese ã õ for French ä ö/œ). The continental Scandinavian languages took the extended French letters â (for å), ä/æ, and ö/ø. Vietnamese Braille is also quite similar, though it has added tone letters, and uses French z for d, which is pronounced like z.

 * {|class=wikitable

!Braille: ! French ! Portuguese ! Catalan ! Spanish/Galician ! Italian ! Luxembourgish (old) ! Scandinavian ! Vietnamese ! Braille Patterns
 * +Related alphabets
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * - align=center
 * ç||é||à||è||ù||â||ê||î||ô||û||ë||ï||ü||œ/ö||w||ì||æ/ä||ò
 * - align=center
 * ç||é||à||è||ù||â||ê||í||ô||ú||á||ï||ü||õ||ò/w||ì||ã||ó
 * - align=center
 * ç||é||à||è||ú||–||–||–||–||–||–||ï||ü||ó||w||í||–||ò
 * - align=center
 * –||–||á||é||ú||–||–||–||–||–||–||ñ||ü||–||w||í||–||ó
 * - align=center
 * –||é||à||è||ù||–||–||–||–||–||–||–||–||ó||w||ì||–||ò
 * - align=center
 * –||é||–||–||–||–||–||–||–||–||ë||–||–||–||w||–||ä||–
 * - align=center
 * –||–||–||–||–||å||–||–||–||–||–||–||–||ö/ø||w||–||ä/æ||–
 * - align=center
 * –||–||||–||||â||ê||–||ô||–||–||–||ư||ơ||–||||ă||
 * ⠯||⠿||⠷||⠮||⠾||⠡||⠣||⠩||⠹||⠱||⠫||⠻||⠳||⠪||⠺||⠌||⠜||⠬
 * - align=center
 * }

Catalan Braille adds for print $\langlel·l\rangle$, and Spanish Braille uses  (French ï) for the non-French consonant ñ. Luxembourgish Braille has since switch to eight-point braille, adding a dot at point 8 for the three vowels with accents.

Punctuation and formatting are in general similar as well, though changes in French punctuation over time means that some languages use older French conventions. For example, French parentheses and quotation marks originally had the opposite values they do today, values which remain in English Braille. Other changes have accrued over time, and in some cases vary from country to country. For example, Italian Braille uses the old French quotation marks and asterisk, but also shifted the old French parentheses  to brackets and innovated  for parentheses; in addition, it uses point 3, , for both apostrophe and full stop / period.

Moon type is a simplification of the Latin alphabet for embossing. An adaptation of French-reading blind people has been proposed.

title: French Braille


text:
Morton, Indiana

Morton is a small unincorporated community in Clinton Township, Putnam County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

History
A post office was established at Morton in 1857, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1905.

Geography
Morton is located half-way between Danville and Montezuma along US 36.

title: Morton, Indiana


text:
User:GrahamImogen/TWA/Earth/2

Heading text

Shape and structure: circumference

Tectonic plates

Surface: urbanisation

Atmosphere

Weather, climate, and water cycle

Orbit and rotation: Orion Arm

References

title: User:GrahamImogen/TWA/Earth/2


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/Local/paycly.com

Links

 * paycly.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link would be caught by rule \bpaycly\.com\b on the monitor list (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist (diff - )).
 * Link is blacklisted by \bpaycly\.com\b on [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist en.wikipedia.org]
 * Broken regex \btahoeski(?:packages|re (perl-corrected: \btahoeski(?:packages|re) on [//sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist sq.wikipedia.org] blacklist, error: Unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/\btahoeski( <-- HERE ?:packages|re/ at LinkSaver.pl line 5384.
 * Link would be caught by rule \bpaycly\.com\b on the monitor list (Automonitor: reported to en:MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist (diff - )).
 * Link is blacklisted by \bpaycly\.com\b on [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist en.wikipedia.org]
 * Broken regex \btahoeski(?:packages|re (perl-corrected: \btahoeski(?:packages|re) on [//sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist sq.wikipedia.org] blacklist, error: Unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/\btahoeski( <-- HERE ?:packages|re/ at LinkSaver.pl line 5384.

 * Broken regex \babhacken\.de\ (perl-corrected: \babhacken\.de\) on [//zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Mediawiki:Spam-blacklist zh.wikiversity.org] blacklist, error: Trailing \ in regex m/\babhacken\.de\/ at LinkSaver.pl line 5384.

Selected additions

 * Displayed 5 additions out of 5 total.	 For more info see WikiProject_Spam/LinkReports/paycly.com

Entry
Log entry for the MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist:

\bpaycly\.com\b             # ADMINNAME # see  [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spam/Local/paycly.com ]]

Discussion
See COIBot report for more details.

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 05:54, 17 August 2020 (UTC) No links left in here mentioned edits. Marked stale. . --COIBot (talk) 11:16, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

New data reported. Link is locally blacklisted by \bpaycly\.com\b Autostale: very old local report (>7 days). No links left in here mentioned edits. Marked stale. --COIBot (talk) 06:36, 22 March 2021 (UTC)


text:
Frank Robert

Frank Robert (né Frank Robert Olstad; 12 October 1918 – 13 July 2007) was a Norwegian singer, dancer and actor. He is particularly remembered for playing the title character in the popular audio play Dickie Dick Dickens.

Personal life
Robert was born in Kristiania to engineer Ole Christian Olstad and Helene Elisabet Svensson. He was married to actress Randi Brænne, and a brother-in-law of Berit Brænne. Originally born Olstad, his second name Robert was upgraded to surname after an initiative from Chat Noir manager Johan Henrik Wiers-Jenssen.

Career
Robert made his stage debut at the Carl Johan Theater in 1939. From 1941 he performed at the revue stage Chat Noir, and then at Centralteatret from 1944 to 1958. He was assigned with the Nationaltheatret from 1958 to 1962, and after a period at Oslo Nye Teater, again at Nationaltheatret from 1968 to 1988. At Nationaltheatret he played in comedies by Ludvig Holberg, Molière and Noël Coward. Among his Ibsen characters were "Krogstad" in A Doll's House, "Manders" in Ghosts, and "Begriffenfeldt" and "the button-molder" in Peer Gynt. He was awarded the Norwegian Theatre Critics Award in 1974 for the character "Gustav" in Strindberg's Creditors. He participated in thirteen films, including Trine from 1952, På solsiden from 1956, Fjols til fjells from 1957, Freske fraspark from 1963, and several of the Olsenbanden movies. He played the title role in the Norwegian version of the audio play series Dickie Dick Dickens, aired by Radioteatret. He voiced the pupped character "Reodor Felgen" in The Pinchcliffe Grand Prix from 1975. Among his song recordings are "På sykkeltur" from 1954, Thorbjørn Egner's children song "Bamsens Fødselsdag" from 1952, and Finn Bø's revue song "Gutten som har vaska seg".

title: Frank Robert


text:
Order-3-6 heptagonal honeycomb

In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-3-6 heptagonal honeycomb a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). Each infinite cell consists of a heptagonal tiling whose vertices lie on a 2-hypercycle, each of which has a limiting circle on the ideal sphere.

Geometry
The Schläfli symbol of the order-3-6 heptagonal honeycomb is {7,3,6}, with six heptagonal tilings meeting at each edge. The vertex figure of this honeycomb is an triangular tiling, {3,6}.

It has a quasiregular construction,, which can be seen as alternately colored cells.

Related polytopes and honeycombs
It is a part of a series of regular polytopes and honeycombs with {p,3,6} Schläfli symbol, and triangular tiling vertex figures.

Order-3-6 octagonal honeycomb
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-3-6 octagonal honeycomb a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). Each infinite cell consists of an order-6 octagonal tiling whose vertices lie on a 2-hypercycle, each of which has a limiting circle on the ideal sphere.

The Schläfli symbol of the order-3-6 octagonal honeycomb is {8,3,6}, with six octagonal tilings meeting at each edge. The vertex figure of this honeycomb is a triangular tiling, {3,6}.

It has a quasiregular construction,, which can be seen as alternately colored cells.

Order-3-6 apeirogonal honeycomb
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-3-6 apeirogonal honeycomb a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). Each infinite cell consists of an order-3 apeirogonal tiling whose vertices lie on a 2-hypercycle, each of which has a limiting circle on the ideal sphere.

The Schläfli symbol of the order-3-6 apeirogonal honeycomb is {∞,3,6}, with six order-3 apeirogonal tilings meeting at each edge. The vertex figure of this honeycomb is a triangular tiling, {3,6}.

It has a quasiregular construction,, which can be seen as alternately colored cells.

title: Order-3-6 heptagonal honeycomb


text:
Collaborate and Create

Collaborate and Create: an online resource developed to assist in the in-service of educators seeking to integrate technology into their classroom curriculum. This resource will assist in the development of learning groups organized around real problems of practice that provide access to outside resources and expertise.

As a professional development tool, the Collaborate and Create online resource will attempt to provide teachers with ongoing assistance and support during the process of developing and implementing new instructional practices that encourage the use of the computer as a learning tool for higher-order thinking and problem-solving activities.

title: Collaborate and Create


text:
Introduction to graph theory/Proof of Theorem 5

Statement
A tree of order $$n$$ has $$n-1$$ edges.

Corollary of
Theorem 4:For a graph $$G$$, the following are equivalent:
 * $$G$$ is a tree
 * $$G$$ is a minimal connected graph, in the sense that the removal of any edge will leave a disconnected graph.
 * $$G$$ is a maximal acyclic graph, in the sense that the addition of any missing edge will create a cycle.

Proof
For $$n=1$$, all graphs have $$0=n-1$$ edges. For $$n=2$$, there are two graphs, one with an edge and one without. The graph without an edge is disconnected, and therefore is not a tree, whereas the one with an edge is connected and has no cycles and therefore is a tree.

For $$n=3$$, there are 4 graphs, one each with 0, 1, 2 or 3 edges. The graphs with 0 and 1 edges are disconnected, while the graph with 3 edges has a cycle. The graph with 2 edges is connected and has no cycle, so the theorem is proved for $$n\le 3$$.

Now suppose we have proved this theorem for all $$n<k$$, and let $$T$$ be a tree of order $$k$$. Remove an edge $$e$$ from $$T$$ to form a new graph $$T-e$$. By Theorem 4, $$T$$ is a minimal connected graph, and hence $$T-e$$ is disconnected. Any connected component of $$T-e$$ (by the connectedness of $$T$$) must have one of the vertices of $$e$$ in it, and hence $$T-e$$ has exactly two components.

The two components are connected, and have no cycles, and are therefore trees. Let there be $$n_1, n_2$$ vertices in the two components of $$T-e$$. Then $$n_1+n_2=k$$. Further, there are $$n_1-1, n_2-1$$ edges in the components, so $$T-e$$ has $$k-2$$ edges in total. Therefore, putting edge $$e$$ back into the graph, $$T$$ has $$k-1$$ edges.


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/gaetanovaleri.info

Links

 * gaetanovaleri.info resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 1 additions.


text:
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Bonding

< Electronegativity | Electron dot structure >

Ionic Bonding

Ionic bonding is when positively and negatively charged ions stick to each other through electrostatic force. These bonds are  slightly weaker than covalent bonds and stronger than Van der Waals bonding or hydrogen bonding.

In ionic bonds the electronegativity of the negative ion is so much stronger than the electronegativity of the positive ion that the two ions do not share electrons. Rather, the more electronegative ion assumes full ownership of the electron(s).

Perhaps the most common example of an ionically bonded substance is NaCl, or table salt. In this, the sodium (Na) atom gives up an electron to the much more electronegative chlorine (Cl) atom, and the two atoms become ions, Na+ and Cl-.The electrostatic bonding force between the two oppositely charged ions extends outside the local area attracting other ions to form giant crystal structures. For this reason most ionically bonded materials are solid at room temperature.

Sodium chloride forms crystals with cubic symmetry. In these, the larger chloride ions are arranged in a cubic close-packing, while the smaller sodium ions fill the octahedral gaps between them. Each ion is surrounded by six of the other kind. This same basic structure is found in many other minerals, and is known as the halite structure.

Covalent Bonding
Covalent bonding is close to the heart of organic chemistry. This is where two atoms share electrons in a bond. The goal of each atom is to fill its octet as well as have a formal charge of zero. To do this, atomic nuclei share electrons in the space between them. This sharing also allows the atoms to reach a lower energy state, which stabilizes the molecule. Most reactions in chemistry are due to molecules achieving a lower energy state. Covalent bonds are most frequently seen between atoms with similar electronegativity. In molecules that only have one type of atom, e.g. H2 or O2, the electronegativity of the atoms is essentially identical, so they cannot form ionic bonds. They always form covalent bonds.

Carbon is especially good at covalent bonding because its electronegativity is intermediate relative to other atoms. That means it can give as well as take electrons as needs warrant.

Covalently bonded compounds have strong internal bonds but weak attractive forces between molecules. Because of these weak attractive forces, the melting and boiling points of these compounds are much lower than compounds with ionic bonds. Therefore, such compounds are much more likely to be liquids or gases at room temperature than ionically bonded compounds.

In molecules formed from two atoms of the same element, there is no difference in the electronegativity of the bonded atoms, so the electrons in the covalent bond are shared equally, resulting in a completely non-polar covalent bond. In covalent bonds where the bonded atoms are different elements, there is a difference in electronegativities between the two atoms. The atom that is more electronegative will attract the bonding electrons more toward itself than the less electronegative atom. The difference in charge on the two atoms because of the electrons causes the covalent bond to be polar. Greater differences in electronegativity result in more polar bonds. Depending on the difference in electronegativities, the polarity of a bond can range from non-polar covalent to ionic with varying degrees of polar covalent in between. An overall imbalance in charge from one side of a molecule to the other side is called a dipole moment. Such molecules are said to be polar. For a completely symmetrical covalently bonded molecule, the overall dipole moment of the molecule is zero. Molecules with larger dipole moments are more polar. The most common polar molecule is water.

Bond Polarity and Dipole Moment

The ideas of bond polarity and dipole moment play important roles in organic chemistry.

If you look at the image of methane on the right, the single most important aspect of it in terms of bond polarity is that it is a symmetric molecule. It has 4 hydrogens, all bonded at 109.5° from the other, and all with precisely the same bond angle. Each carbon-hydrogen bond is slightly polar (hydrogen has an electronegativity of 2.1, carbon 2.5), but because of this symmetry, the polarities cancel each other out and overall, methane is a non-polar molecule.

The distinction is between Bond Polarity and Molecular polarity. The total polarity of a molecule is measured as Dipole Moment. The actual calculation of dipole moment isn't really necessary so much as an understanding of what it means. Frequently, a guesstimate of dipole moment is pretty easy once you understand the concept and until you get into the more advanced organic chemistry, exact values are of little value.

Basically, the molecular polarity is, essentially, the summation of the vectors of all of the bond polarities in a molecule.

Van der Waals Bonding
Van der Waals bonding is the collective name for three types of interactions:

 * 1) Permanent Dipole interactions: these are the electrostatic attractive forces between two dipoles, these are responsible for fluromethane's (CH3F) high boiling point (about -15 deg C) compared to Nitrogen (about -180 deg C).
 * 2) Permanent dipole / induced dipole: these are the interactions between a permanent dipole and another molecule, causing the latter molecule's electron cloud to be distorted and thus have an induced dipole itself. These are much weaker than the permanent dipole / dipole interactions.  These forces occur in permanent dipole-molecules, and in mixtures of permanent dipole and dipole free molecules.
 * 3) Instantaneous dipole / induced dipole: At any specific moment the electron cloud is not necessarily symmetrical, this instantaneous dipole then induces a dipole in another molecule and they are attracted; this is the weakest of all molecular interactions.

A Dipole is caused by an atom or molecule fragment having a higher electronegativity (this is a measure of its effective nuclear charge, and thus the attraction of the nucleus by electrons) than one to which it is attached. This means that it pulls electrons closer to it, and has a higher share of the electrons in the bond. Dipoles can cancel out by symmetry, eg: Carbon dioxide (O=C=O) is linear so there is no dipole, but the charge distribution is asymmetric causing a quadrupole moment (this acts similarly to a dipole, but is much weaker).

Organometallic Compounds and Bonding
Organometallic chemistry combines aspects of inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry, because organometallic compounds are chemical compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal or metalloid element. Organometallic bonds are different from other bonds in that they are not either truly covalent or truly ionic, but each type of metal has individual bond character. Cuprate (copper) compounds, for example, behave quite differently than Grignard reagents (magnesium), and so beginning organic chemists should concentrate on how to use the most basic compounds mechanistically, while leaving the explanation of exactly what occurs at the molecular level until later and more in-depth studies in the subject.

Basic organometallic interactions are discussed fully in a later chapter.

<< Foundational concepts | < Electronegativity | Bonding | Electron dot structures > | Alkanes >>


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User:TopJP

Hey, this is my user page. I just started Wiki editing a few months ago, but I will try and edit more and more articles!

title: User:TopJP


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Brian Pinho

Brian Pinho (born May 11, 1995) is an American professional ice hockey center currently playing for the Bridgeport Islanders in the American Hockey League (AHL). He was drafted 174th overall, in the sixth round of the 2013 NHL Entry Draft by the Washington Capitals.

Playing career
Pinho played college hockey for the Providence Friars and was part of the team that won the 2015 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. He made his NHL debut on August 16, 2020, in a Stanley Cup playoffs game against the New York Islanders.

On September 17, 2020, the Capitals signed Pinho to a two-year contract extension.

As a free agent from the Capitals, Pinho was signed one-year, two-way contract with the New Jersey Devils on July 13, 2022. In his lone season within the Devils organization in, Pinho played exclusively with AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets, collecting 10 goals and 28 points in 53 regular season games.

Pinho was signed as a free agent to a one-year, two-way contract with the New York Islanders for the season on July 5, 2023. He was assigned to AHL affiliate, the Bridgeport Islanders for the duration of his contract with New York, posting 34 points through 72 regular season game.

As a free agent, Pinho opted to remain within the Islanders organization, signing a one-year AHL contract to continue with Bridgeport on July 3, 2024.

title: Brian Pinho


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Talk:Diana Nyad

Sexual abuse
Are we going to mention<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:02, 22 April 2010 (UTC) Nyad's announcement that she was molested by her swim coach?
 * A late reply, but it is mentioned in the lead. Beeblebrox (talk) 16:21, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Can someone rephrase or possibly remove the bit comparing abuse of young female swimmers to the Sandusky case? Is it there as a comparison, i.e. abuse of female swimmers is extremely prevalent yet gets little press while the Sandusky thing was a huge story? I dunno, but it reads oddly, especially given that Sandusky abused boys. - Peach (talk) 07:05, 5 September 2013 (UTC)
 * I've deleted the content you mention, Peach. Plus I've moved Elizabeth1848's sex-abuse content to the "Personal life" section, removed unsourced content (see WP:BLP), removed content relating to other girls' allegations and relating to swim coaches in general (since this is one person's biography), and commentary derived from an opinionated Salon blog ("It seems important to Nyad..." is WP:Synthesis that is not acceptable in an encyclopedia).  Since the sex abuse allegations are still contested (per the Broward Palm Beach New Times reference), I've removed the name of the particular coach in question, as I thought it violates Wikipedia's protections in WP:BLP.  More experienced editors who are aware of the libel/slander issues that Wikipedia avoids, might want to change or trim the content further, based on the references.  It's obviously a delicate and controversial topic. — RCraig09 (talk) 20:38, 5 September 2013 (UTC)

I recently moved the mention of her having been sexually abused by her adoptive step father up to the place that first mentions him. A subsequent editor removed the edit, claiming that it was unreferenced and violated a BLP policy. The problem was that the information was referenced to a reliable third party source (the New York Times Magazine) and while perhaps not flattering of her step father, who is no longer alive, it certainly is not slanderous of her. I would like to revert the edit but not before further discussion here. It is not the policy of Wikipedia to avoid mention of unpleasant things from a personal biography— and certainly when the "slander", as such, is not even addressed to the subject of the biography but to a third party (who is not a notable individual and does not have a Wikipedia article written about him). If I am wrong, then we should remove any mention of sexual abuse from the article altogether, no matter where it occurs... But I don't think that this would be in keeping with the goals of the project nor with the preferences of the article's subject herself, who has spoken openly about this issue on more than one occasion and has had her words published saying as much. KDS 4444 Talk   03:07, 7 September 2013 (UTC)
 * KDS4444, it's good you're discussing rather than reverting, as the third step in Wikipedia's WP:BRD dispute resolution concept to avoid edit wars. One critical point is that the NY Times article briefly quotes Nyad as claiming sexual abuse but your content expressed it as fact—a misrepresentation that is a problem whether or not the stepfather is alive, and a point of special sensitivity especially since he's not a public figure. For Wikipedia to print an unproven sexual abuse allegation is beyond "not flattering" and is likely libelous; I haven't researched specific policies beyond WP:BLP that might extend to cases in which (if as you say) the accused is deceased, but as a precaution (along lines you mention above) I've just deleted references to specific accusees in the "Personal life" section. Also, the "preferences of the article's subject herself" do not determine an article's content, especially in cases such as this, in which the subject's own allegations are the issue. Since this is a biography about Nyad, and she apparently publicly discusses the issue voluntarily, the present neutral-point-of-view and well-sourced mention of her allegations in the "Personal life" section seemed appropriate to retain. Comments from knowledgeable editors are invited! — RCraig09 (talk) 05:51, 7 September 2013 (UTC)

Links that don't appear to support the reference
Also, two of the links that purport to reference her public revelations about sexual abuse appear not to mention her. #41 (Moms Team) and #42 (20/20 video). <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:18, 8 September 2013 (UTC)
 * You are correct. Those two footnotes are now removed. — RCraig09 (talk) 18:53, 8 September 2013 (UTC)

Link
=> http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/8690381/Diana-Nyad-forced-to-end-swim-from-Cuba-to-Florida.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)

10 mile swim across Lake Ontario?
I'm interested in the section that says Diana completed a record-breaking 10 mile swim across Lake Ontario. Can someone provide some justification for this? Unless it's, like, Burlington to Oakville or something like that, I have no idea what this is about. As far as I can tell, there's no mention of it, even on Diana's website http://diananyad.com. On the website http://soloswims.com/nyad.htm, it does indicate the Diana was the first person to complete a north-south crossing but that it took 18 hours and 20 minutes. Unless someone can provide support for the article's contention that she completed a 10 mile swim across Lake Ontario in 4 hours and 22 minutes, I shall be forced to remove this entry. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:17, 25 September 2011 (UTC)

Pseudonym?
Anybody know if "Diana Nyad" is a pseudonym? I mean, last name is a homophone for a water spirit, first name is an anagram of the actual spelling of "naiad"? Applejuicefool (talk) 21:10, 25 September 2011 (UTC)
 * In the Wikipedia article, "Diana Nyad", it is stated that after the death of Diana's biological father, "her mother soon remarried Aristotle Nyad, a Greek land developer, who adopted Diana". Hence it is her true family name, and not of her own choosing.  But it was sharp of you to point out that "Diana" is also an anagram of "Naiad", which looks to me like a bridge too far.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:24, 2 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Thus I take it that 'a bridge too far' means that the anagram need not be in the article, no? The idea of the anagram would probably be good for some blog somewhere. --Ancheta Wis    (talk  | contribs) 23:04, 2 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Updated section from article, "Unsympathetic Police Bag Alleged Air Hero". Daily News. Los Angeles, Calif. January 14, 1943.
 * Quote from article: "Lieut. Comdr. Aristotle Zison Nyad," 28, self proclaimed Greek naval flying hero, yesterday went to jail as plain Aris Notaras...Notaras - who admitted his name is not "Nyad" at all but an assumed name for state effect." Koheli (talk) 13:15, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

1978 distance swim
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:18, 11 March 2012 (UTC) The section states "strong Westerly winds and 8-foot swells that were ... pushing her off-course towards Texas." If they were pushing her towards Texas, they were Trade Winds, not Westerlies. Westerlies blow from west to east in the temperate latitudes.

Homophony of name
"Nyad" is a homophone of "naiad", but how are these pronounced in Greek? My guess, but it's only a guess, is that they are not homophones in her adoptive father's language? --Haruo (talk) 17:00, 3 September 2013 (UTC)
 * The Daily Mail (if we are to credit it as a source) states that her last name is derived from the Greek word for water spirits, the word for which is rendered in modern English as "naɪæd" (less commonly neɪæd). The Ancient Greek spelling for the water spirits did not have an upsilon (y) in it at all.  My guess is that the modern Greek pronunciation of the name "Nyad" is actually much closer to either "niaːd" or "niːaːd", probably the latter, though I do not doubt that she herself now pronounces it and has heard it pronounced all her life by English speakers as "naɪæd".  So I believe you are correct that they are not homophones in modern Greek, but given both that the word derives from the Ancient Greek for water spirits and that the current popular pronunciation of the name appears to be "naɪæd", we can grant its status as a homophone...  Though personally I would like to see a footnote that clarifies that the homophone is to an English pronunciation for an Ancient Greek word, not to a modern Greek last name.  The issue is rather confusing.    KDS 4444  Talk   02:47, 7 September 2013 (UTC)

Personal life
Since when does hosting a radio show get categorized as "Personal Life"? --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:06, 4 September 2013 (UTC)
 * ✅ Thanks for pointing this out. Dkreisst (talk) 22:49, 5 September 2013 (UTC)

Palfrey record
I have restored the deleted text about the Palfrey record; the annotation justifies the deletion with a reason which is not supported by the added text which requests further data (such as GPS coords and oceanographic observations during the course of the route) about Nyad's swim. It would be premature to justify the deletion until a review of the data has occurred.

Replies welcomed, of course. --Ancheta Wis   (talk  | contribs) 01:13, 21 September 2013 (UTC)
 * I agree that, in the absence of a governing body's determination—not just an online poll—the beat-Palfrey-record text should remain. Furthermore, since the online poll is almost certainly not a WP:RS reliable source in the first place (it's actually a primary source also), I think the poll-says sentence should be deleted.  I haven't been researching the developments over the weeks, but we should be looking for reliable secondary sources that objectively summarize the facts as this touchy issue continues to unfold. — RCraig09 (talk) 02:19, 21 September 2013 (UTC)

--By the definition of assisted (http://openwaterpedia.com/index.php?title=Assisted), Nyad's swim was assisted. There is photographic evidence (http://openwaterswimming.eu/files/DN-suit1.jpg, http://openwaterswimming.eu/files/DN-suit2.jpg) of Nyad being touched by her support team, which is typically grounds for disqualification under marathon swimming rules, and at minimum, supports classifying the swim as assisted. As such, Nyad's efforts should not be compared with Palfrey's as her distance record was set unassisted. Excellent analysis of all issues here: http://marathonswimmers.com/forum/discussion/606/110-miles-53-hours-questions-for-diana-nyad/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:27, 22 September 2013 (UTC)

TV News Career in 1970s
After Nyad's swim around Manhattan in 1975, she got hired by a local New York TV station. I believe it was ABC News in NY, perhaps doing sports casts. If anyone knows the details, kindly add. To set the tone of the era, it's worth putting in context how Diana received tremendous acclaim in NY and her record breaking swim was lauded nationally by feminists not unlike the meme of the Billie Jean King victory over Bobby Riggs. (last sentence is opinion, of course) Theaternearyou (talk) 22:25, 25 September 2013 (UTC)

Veracity of Nyad’s achievements and claims
https://defector.com/diana-nyads-swimming-brought-her-glory-fame-and-an-adversary-dedicated-to-exposing-her-lies?fbclid=IwAR20jDw-LQK8nzXLX4-_K3F3Hz--cW6HoKvD087ip2EbUIcwgk6uId1p1_E 2603:6010:241:EEF0:91E3:BC89:F619:74C4 (talk) 21:36, 6 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Commenting here as a reminder to myself to read the piece and add citations of it to the article. Hemiauchenia (talk) 03:53, 26 November 2023 (UTC)

Purported marriage
I'm sure you are aware that there is a rumor floating around the internet about a purported marriage to "Bart Springtime". Just wondering if there is any information on the source of the rumor or whether anything about the rumor is worth mentioning in this article.

The Cinemaholic: Dyana Nyad

-- MC <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:58, 12 November 2023 (UTC)

 * Sorry, but I just saw this. I don't think it's worth mentioning. I've been looking into everything Nyad for years (see "Retired marathon swimmer Daniel Slosberg" under "Embellishment Allegations") and have found no evidence of a marriage to Bart Springtime. Someone pointed out to that Mr. Springtime has the same initials as Bonnie Stoll, but I don't think that warrants mentioning either. Danslos (talk) 19:18, 20 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Diana Nyad


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Talk:Dennis Vitolo

Untitled
Dennis Vitolo is now perusing a partnership in a new real-estate business with Rich George

External links modified
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title: Talk:Dennis Vitolo


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Charles Lefevre

Charles Eugene Joseph Marie Lefevre (1893-1948) was a French flying ace credited with six aerial victories during the First World War. He led two different fighter squadrons into combat to do so, and won the Legion d'honneur for his exploits.

Biography
Charles Eugene Joseph Marie Lefevre was born in Marseilles, France on 30 July 1893. He volunteered for military service on 8 October 1912. He served in the ranks of the cavalry until 11 October 1913, when he was selected as an Aspirant for officer's training. He would become an officer on 5 August 1914, and a lieutenant on 4 April 1916.

On 14 April 1916, he went to pilot training. He received his pilot's brevet on 12 July 1916. On 20 December 1916, he began serving as a Nieuport fighter pilot for Escadrille N.15. On 20 June 1917, he took command of Escadrille N.152. He scored his first aerial victory with them on 20 October 1917, downing Zeppelin L.49. However, he lost his command when he was medically evacuated on 5 November.

Upon recovery, he was given command of Escadrille Spa.96 on 17 May 1918. Shortly thereafter, on 14 July, he was promoted to Capitaine. He scored a series of five victories at about this time, including one over an observation balloon. On 29 August 1918, he was wounded in action. Upon recovery, he was appointed to the Aviation Mission to Japan on 1 October 1918.

Lefevre won the Legion d'honneur on 9 November 1917, after winning the Croix de Guerre with three palmes, an etoile de argent, and an etoile de bronze. He died on 1 March 1948.

title: Charles Lefevre


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User:Slowmover/TheOuterLimits

Work done/to be done

 * Main 1963-65 article
 * Daystar production company article
 * Early careers of major stars
 * Cinematography
 * Music
 * Stefano/Stevens bios

 * Episodes missing pix (Motor)
 * Episodes missing synopses (ZincOrbie)
 * Key episodes for analysis
 * - Demon/Soldier
 * - Never Born
 * - 100 Days
 * - OBIT
 * - Inheritors
 * - Forms of Things

title: User:Slowmover/TheOuterLimits


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File talk:SA Infantry Formation badge.jpg

Copyright

 * It should be possible to obtain a new (higher resolution) version of this image and use the copyright template as it is used in many official government publications. BoonDock (talk) 16:48, 19 October 2022 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Poolville, Texas

Famous Poolville Alumni
Allen Wood AKA Cooter is a happy to be from Poolville Texas. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:16, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Poolville, Texas


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User:Apeksha758/sandbox

INDO CUISINES

Ajwaini Paneer Kofta Curry Recipe

About Ajwaini Paneer Kofta Curry Recipe: A navratri special, delectable and luscious paneer gravy recipe. Spiced with ajwain and deggi mirch and cooked in fresh tomato puree along with rock salt (sendha namak), this paneer kofta curry would makes for a mouth-watering, spicy dish to prepare during the fasting season of navratri.

Ingredients Of Ajwaini Paneer Kofta Curry 100 gms cottage cheese 40 gms singhare ka atta (water chestnut flour) to taste sendha namak 200 gms fresh tomato puree 5 gms ajwain (caraway seed) 20 gms deggi mirch 10 gms coriander, chopped 100 ml oil.

How to Make Ajwaini Paneer Kofta Curry Prepare kofta: Mash the cottage cheese and add singare ka atta and senda namak. Make roundels and fry in oil. Prepare gravy: Remove the eye ,then boil the tomatoes ,make puree and stain. In a pan heat oil and add ajwain and sauté for a minute. Then add the stained tomato puree and cook for 5 minutes. Add the deggi mirch and sendha namak. Then add fried kofta in the gravy and serve hot garnished with coriander.

Key Ingredients cottage cheese, singhare ka atta (water chestnut flour), sendha namak, fresh tomato puree, ajwain (caraway   seed), deggi mirch, coriander, oil.

title: User:Apeksha758/sandbox


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Auto-Saharan Companies

The Auto-Saharan Companies (Compagnie Auto-Avio-Sahariane) were Italian military units specialised in long range patrols of the Sahara Desert. Companies were formed around expert soldiers (called "Arditi Camionettisti"), riding AB 41 armored cars and FIAT and Lancia light trucks customized to operate in the desert. The units operated from the late 1930s to the Italian surrender in 1943.

History
The Saharan companies were first formed in 1923 by a conversion of dromedary mounted troops, Méhariste, to patrol between the Italian forts in the Libyan Sahara desert in Italian Libya. These units were formed with mixed Italian and Libyan personnel. In 1938 the five existing companies were reorganized as motorized units with their own aerial support. The companies received new off-road vehicles and a light aircraft section (manned by Regia Aeronautica personnel). In March 1941 five new Compagnie Sahariane were formed.

Two aircraft sections (Sezioni Aeroplani) were formed in order to operate together with the Saharan companies. Each section had four planes for reconnaissance and liaison, the most effective of which was the twin engined Caproni Ca.309 Ghibli.

In concept, the Auto-Saharan Company was similar to the British Long Range Desert Group (LRDG) which was created (as a partial copy) in 1940, except that the company also had the support of its own air arm to assist in long range reconnaissance and ground attack.

During the North African Campaign the Auto-Saharan Companies were tasked to conduct reconnaissance. The number of active companies varied from three and five during the war, and each company was equipped with 20 to 30 vehicles and three Caproni Ca.309 Ghibli light aircraft for reconnaissance.

In 1940, at the beginning of the war, these companies were part of the Maletti Group but located at the oasis of Kufra, in southeastern Italian Libya. On January 31, 1941, the British LRDG were intercepted by the Compagnia Autosahariana di Cufra in the Gebel Sherif valley.

"The enemy who were forty-four strong in two armoured fighting vehicles and five trucks had the advantage of close co-operation with aircraft and of being armed with Breda guns (Auto-avio sahariana)."

In this victorious skirmish British members of the Long Range Desert Group (LRDG) suffered one man killed and two taken prisoner, included Major Clayton, and the loss of three desert vehicles. The Italians suffered three killed and three injured. The remaining four British soldiers fled through the Libyan desert to the Nile. Major Clayton was conferred a Distinguished Service Order.

The Compagnie Auto-avio sahariane continued their confrontations with the LRDG in 1941 and 1942, but their activity was reduced because of lack of gasoline. Under Del Pozzo leadership these units made an incursion inside Egypt and in November 1942 defeated the British raiders in two small skirmishes. After El Alamein they lost their Libyan troops, but they were enlarged to 5000 men (all Italians) in Tunisia as Saharian Group ("Raggruppamento Sahariano") under the orders of General Alberto Mannerini.

"One German narrator says that there were 'about five battalions and three light batteries' (in the Raggruppamento Mannerini), but this estimate is certainly too low for artillery units. Another detailed estimate shows that there were about ten companies of sorts and eight batteries, very mixed in nature and calibre. Probably the total strength (initially) was something short of 2,500, which is the highest figure given anywhere. It was known to the Intelligence service—and so to NZ Corps—that the troops in the Gap were all Italian."

The Mannerini Raggruppamento fought hard in the area of Mareth and Sfax (Battle of the Mareth Line), until the final Italian surrender in Africa in May 1943.

Organisation
In 1940, a Compagnia Sahariana, according to regulations, was composed of four platoons (one HQ, two motorized and one machine guns), the strength was 4 officers, 7 NCOs and 32 Italian enlisted together with 77 Libyan enlisted totaling 120 men. The company operated with 16 AS.37 off-road cars and 3 trucks (FIAT 634). One of the AS.37 in the HQ platoon was equipped with radio in order to maintain real time liaison with the aircraft during operations.

In 1942, the organisation of the companies was revised, other than the HQ platoon, a company was made up with one infantry motorized platoon, one machine guns motorized platoon, one 20mm cannons motorized platoon and one 47/32 anti-tank cannons motorized platoon. They could rely on 7 off-road vehicles (AS.37 or AS.42) and 10 trucks (LANCIA 3 RO). A single company was manned by 5 officers, 3 NCOs, 2 Italian enlisted and 133 Libyan enlisted.

Weapons
The most common and versatile weapon used by Auto-Saharan Companies was the Cannone-Mitragliera Breda 20mm mod.35. Following the successful experience made by Italian units operating together with the Francoists in the Spanish Civil War, the installation of 20mm Breda machineguns on medium trucks began in 1939. The gun-carriage, without its legs, was fixed to the vehicle with a pin. During the war the 20mm Breda machine-guns used different kinds of ammunition, initially HE air defence and HE piercing. At the end of 1942 armor-piercing incendiary ammunition was also in use.

The standard Italian anti-tank cannon Ansaldo-Bohler 47/32 was used by Saharan motorized units, mainly mounted on revolving platforms on LANCIA 3 RO lorries but also on AS.37 or AS.42. The 47/32 was able to fire various kinds of HE, piercing and piercing-exploding ammunition. Maximum useful range as an anti-tank gun was 700 m, the piercing power at 650 m with 30 degrees impact angle was 40 mm, at 1600 m the piercing power was reduced to only 30 mm. Since the beginning of the war, due to the progress in tank design, the usefulness as an anti-tank weapon of the 47/32 was very limited, and it proved effective only against light tanks and armoured cars.

Vehicles
The vehicles most commonly used by Saharan Companies were the following:
 * Trattore Leggero SPA TL.37 "Libia". The TL.37 was a four-wheeled artillery tractor with all-wheel steering. The vehicle, designed in 1937, was powered by a four-cylinder gasoline engine, the 52 hp SPA 18R. It had a maximum speed of 38 km/h and could carry 800 kg. It could carry six passengers in two front seats and four back seats. The "Libia" variant differed from the basic TL.37 artillery tractor in having a larger fuel tank and specially designed Pirelli tires. Some TL.37 "Libia" variants were armed with a 20mm Breda cannon or Cannone da 47/32 M35 anti-tank gun.
 * Autocarro Sahariano SPA AS.37. This vehicle, based on the TL.37, was capable of higher speed (50 km/h); the cargo capacity was also increased about 25% to 4,190 kg. The AS.37 had a flat truck bed with two benches facing each other. Starting in 1941, some of them were armed with a 20mm Breda cannon.
 * Camionetta Desertica SPA-Viberti AS.42. A four-wheel-drive car specifically designed to operate in the desert, that entered into service with Saharan units in November 1942. It was built on the same chassis as the AB.40/41 armoured car but it was not armoured. It was powered with a 100 hp gasoline engine and reached a maximum speed of 85 km/h. It had racks on the sides to carry 24 jerrycans (mostly fuel) and carried a spare tire on the front hood. It could accommodate a crew of six and weapons such as the 20mm Breda cannon, the Cannone da 47/32 M35, the 20mm Solothurn S-18/100 anti-tank rifle, and up to three Breda mod. 37 machineguns. The AS.42 was 1.49 meters high, 5.20 meters long and 1.80 meters wide.
 * Camion FIAT 634. The military variant of the civil FIAT 632 truck, was 3.24 meters high, 7.43 meters long, and 2.40 meters wide. It had six wheels, two on the front axle and four on the rear axle. It had a maximum load of 7640 kg and a maximum speed of 40 km/h and was powered by a diesel engine. It was used by Saharan units to transport troops or supplies.
 * Camion Lancia 3 RO. A six-wheeled truck like the FIAT 634. More than 12,000 were built for the Regio Esercito. It was powered by a 5-cylinder, 93 hp diesel engine, giving it a speed of 50 km/h. It was 3 meters high, 7.25 meters long, and 2.35 meters wide. It was able to carry up to 8 tons of cargo. The 3 RO used by Saharan companies had a 20mm Breda cannon or 47/32 anti-tank gun on a rotating platform on the flatbed.

Air support
Every "compagnia" was supported until November 1942, by 3 Caproni Ca.309 aircraft, nicknamed "Ghibli" (Desert Wind). In Tunisia the "Raggruppamento sahariano" had no air support but a Ca.309, left in Libya because of damage, was repaired and remained active in Africa until May 1943. The Ca.309 (with a 3 crew) was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a piston engine fitted to each wing, and was intended to serve as a reconnaissance and ground-attack aircraft. It had 3 × 7.7 mm (.303 in) Breda SAFAT machine guns and could carry bombs up to 330 kg.

title: Auto-Saharan Companies


text:
Talk:Arden Cho

Untitled
Role in "Picture Perfect." The birthday card seems to say "Michelle", but the audio at the end sounds like she's saying "bye, Portia." And the credits don't specify. So I left the section blank in the article.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grbgVPPYbJo

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title: Talk:Arden Cho


text:
Introduction to Strategic Studies/Policy by Other Means

part of the School of Strategic Studies Class two of thirty in the Course: Introduction to Strategic Studies

Summary
The objective of this class is to identify the established reasons nations go to war and the refutations of these reasons. We will seek to make some sense out of the utility (or inutility) of warfare as defined so elegantly by Carl von Clausewitz as "policy by other means."

Introduction
This will introduce you to the issue and the questions to be posed in the class.

Readings
This will delineate the readings that should be done prior to undertaking the exercises in this class.

 * Blainey, Geoffrey (1988), The Causes of War (New York: The Free Press)
 * Clausewitz, Carl von (Edited and Translated by Michael Howard and Peter Paret)(1976), On War . Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-69101854-5. Read chapters 1 & 2.
 * Smith, General Sir Rupert (2005), The Utility of Force. The Art of War in the Modern World (London: Allen Lane-Penguin)
 * Waltz, Kenneth (1959, 2001), Man, the State and War (New York: Columbia)

Lecture
This is the text that will fill you in on how the readings relate to the topic, and what kinds of things you should take into account when looking into the reasons behind a given war. There is invariably more than one cause, and many more ways than one to look at the origins of a war. This lecture will propose a series of questions or issues to weigh when assessing the causes of a war.

Project
This project is a simple activity of looking at an existing page or wikipedia/books/media entry on a war. When you are ready, take the plunge!
 * /Project/

Denouement
This will detail what has been learned and encourage you to add feedback to this page from your own experiences from the project.


text:
Iida

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Iida is the 36695th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 609 individuals. Iida is most common among Asian/Pacific Islander (76.19%) and Mixed Race (11.49%) individuals.

Etymology
19th century phonetic rendering of (and German, etc.).

title: Iida


text:
The Witch's Revenge

Le Sorcier, sold in the United States as The Witch's Revenge and in Britain as The Sorcerer's Revenge, is a 1903 French silent trick film by Georges Méliès. It was sold by Méliès's Star Film Company and is numbered 473–475 in its catalogues.

Plot
In a courtly setting, a king condemns an old sorcerer to be chained to a post and tortured. The sorcerer, begging for mercy, attempts to entertain the court with magic, conjuring up a classical tableau vivant and making a chair spin of its own accord. However, the king is steadfast. Just as he is about to chain up the sorcerer, however, his attendants transform into assistants of the sorcerer, and chain the king up instead. The sorcerer and the whole court link arms, and they all dance away happily.

Production
Méliès plays the sorcerer, whose magic is created using a combination of stage machinery, trap doors, substitution splices, multiple exposures, and dissolves.

title: The Witch's Revenge