text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Chaco chachalaca

Chaco chachalaca
Voting period ends on 30 Sep 2017  at 19:27:57 (UTC)
 * Reason:High quality image showing the head of this noisy bird. Illustrates article well. FP on Commons.
 * Articles in which this image appears:Chaco chachalaca
 * FP category for this image:Featured pictures/Animals/Birds
 * Creator:Charlesjsharp

 * Support as nominator – Charlesjsharp (talk) 19:27, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Main object is in the middle, compo isnt good. --PetarM (talk) 17:54, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose — Agree, this is a bit "uneasy" to look at. The dirty beak is also off-putting... --Janke | Talk 10:39, 22 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Totally agree, nature should bathe first, post second. --2600:387:6:807:0:0:0:5E (talk) 03:41, 24 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose - Full body missing. -- Marvellous Spider-Man  18:16, 26 September 2017 (UTC)

--Armbrust The Homunculus 22:54, 30 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
User:Chickensbshhabbs

The Hidden Phenomena was first discovered by Tintra Fly Craw she was born in 1777 and accidentally turned herself invisible she used water and then knocked her head 3 times, whilst drinking the water.

Unfortunately, she was never found again, people may think this is a lie but she was never found. Her descended family still cannot find her within this era.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Chickensbshhabbs


text:
Dwayne Polataivao

Dwayne E. Polataivao (born 30 July 1990) is a Samoan rugby union player. A scrum-half, he played for Moana Pasifika in Super Rugby in 2022. He has also represented internationally.

Career
Dwayne was educated at De La Salle College, Māngere East.

He started his professional career playing for the Auckland in 2015, and was first selected for the Samoa national team in 2016.

He joined the Doncaster Knights in 2019.

He was selected for the Samoa national squad ahead of the 2019 World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup.

In September 2020 he was named in the Mako squad for the 2020 Mitre 10 Cup. He played 7 games for the Mako in the 2020 season as they won their second premiership title in a row.

Polataivao was named in the Moana Pasifika squad to play the Maori All Blacks in late 2020, coming off the bench and scoring a try in a 28-21 loss.

title: Dwayne Polataivao


text:
Lord Longyang

Lord Longyang was the favorite and lover of an unknown king of Wei, often speculated to be either King Anxi or King Jia, during the Warring States period of the Zhou dynasty. Little is known about him outside of his relationship with the king.

Story
The story of Lord Longyang is recorded in the Records of the Warring States (traditional Chinese: 戰國策; simplified Chinese: 战国策; pinyin: Zhanguo ce) in a section called "Records of Wei" (traditional Chinese: 魏策; simplified Chinese: 魏策; pinyin: Wei ce), and does not appear in any other sources. The Records of the Warring States is generally considered a work of history. In it, Lord Longyang and the king are in a fishing boat together when Longyang begins to cry. After the king pressures him to say why he is crying, Longyang reveals that he is afraid that the king will be tempted by other, more beautiful men and lose interest in him. The king then forbids anyone to mention other beauties in his presence under penalty of death. As a result of his status as a favorite of the king, Lord Longyang was given a small fief and a feudal title. His story took place sometime between 276 and 243 BCE, and is the second account of a male same-sex relationship in Chinese historical records.

Influence
In his book Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homosexual Tradition in China, Bret Hinsch writes that the story of Lord Longyang serves as an example of both the sexual opportunism and openness of homosexuality in Zhou dynasty courts.

The story of Lord Longyang also influenced later Chinese literature. In the poetry of Ruan Ji, Lord Longyang is used, along with Anling, to figuratively evoke male beauty and love between men, and specifically royal favor. The 1632 book The Forgotten Tales of Longyang or The Forgotten Stories of Longyang (traditional Chinese: 龍陽逸史; simplified Chinese: 龍陽逸史; pinyin: Longyang yishi) tells twenty stories of male same-sex prostitution in the late Ming dynasty. In it, the author, known by the nom de plume "Jingjiang's besotted with bamboo recluse," uses the story of Lord Longyang to evoke an earlier golden age characterized by feeling; this is juxtaposed with the stories and characters in the collection. The prologue of the late Ming dynasty collection The Rocks Nod Their Heads (traditional Chinese: 石點頭; simplified Chinese: 石点头; pinyin: Shi dian tou) references the story of Lord Longyang, among others, to argue that sexual relationships between men were normal because they had existed since antiquity. In the Ming and Qing collection The Cut Sleeve (a section of the Encyclopedia of Love) the story "Wan the Student," in which Wan falls in love with another male student, Lord Longyang is used (along with Anling) to refer to homosexuality.

The word longyang is also used in China to euphemistically refer to gay men, and has been through much of Chinese history,  serving as a common classical literary term for male homosexuality. Longyang is also sometimes translated as "catamite," or used to refer specifically to the passive partner in intercourse. The phrase longyang pi (traditional Chinese: 龍陽癖; simplified Chinese: 龙阳癖) or "passion of Longyang" refers to male same-sex attraction or passion.

title: Lord Longyang


text:
Brian Hainline

Brian Hainline (born 1955) is a medical researcher and the chief medical officer of the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. Prior to taking that position in 2013, he was the chief medical officer of the United States Tennis Association. He was born in Santa Monica, California and currently resides in Indiana. He is now the president of the United States Tennis Association.

title: Brian Hainline


text:
The First World War

Purpose
This page is dedicated to learning about the causes and effects of the First World War.

Introduction
The American diplomat and scholar, George Kennan, described the First World War as "the Seminal Catastrophe of this century." The war is often seen as a starting point, for without World War One, the great struggles of the 20th Century would have taken on a very different nature. Although it may be too much to say that the war "caused" National Socialism or Bolshevism, it did indeed lay fertile ground for the revolutions and change that defined the world after the war. Much of those ideological struggles were tied up into the economic turmoil of the war and its aftermath. The "Great Inflation" that occurred in postwar Germany remains one of the most studied economic phenomena in history and was deeply linked to the subsequent rise of Fascism. Large-scale mobilization and the economics of "total war" destroyed the pre-war economic order: after 1919, no country was able to go back onto the gold standard for any lengthy period of time, and attempts of nations to return to the gold standard are considered by many modern economists the most important causing factor of the worldwide Great Depression.

By the end of the war, the multi-ethnic, multi-national empires that had been the mainstay of early-modern and pre-modern world history had collapsed. Long known as the ailing great powers of Europe, both the Ottoman Empire and Austro-Hungarian (Habsburg) empires fell and left nation states in their place.

World War One was not only a European phenomenon; it had great influence on the development and history of colonial empires. It is forgotten that over a million Indian troop fought on behalf of the British Empire, many of whom died. The Sykes–Picot Agreement was entered into secretly by the British and French and marked the national boundries of the Middle East which still largely exist in the same form today. Indian, Egyptian, Australian, South African and Canadian nationalism became more pronounced after the war; this development was connected to the contribution to the war effort of those colonies.

Causes of World War 1
1. The Rise of Prussia, the Creation of Germany and the Rise of the Second Reich

Through a series of wars in the late 1860s which culminated with the Prussian invasion of France in 1871, the creation of the German state became a reality. To understand the implications of this event, one must consider the "Balance of Powers" system that dated back to the end of the Napoleonic wars and the ensuing 50 years of peace. The system was built on the idea that no one state should be dominant and that the various states should be roughly equal in strengh. After the Napoleonic Wars, the Holy Roman Empire ceased to exist, and in its place, the Congress of Vienna created the German Confederation which was made up of about thirty independent states, including Austria, Prussia and Saxony. The peace settlement left central Europe intentionally weak to help balance the diplomatic situation in Europe. The confederation, in reality, had very little political power, and over time, Prussia became the most powerful state within the Confederation, and after successfully warring against Austria and France, Bismark was able to form a German state (which incidently excluded Austria) with Berlin, the capital of Prussia, as its capitol. The creation of German Empire is relevant to the First World War because the new state became a source of destability to the nation-state system in Europe. Although this assertion is certainly open to discussion and debate, it has been argued the mere creation of a German Empire would result in conflict so that the system could acquire a new balance.

]

title: The First World War


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User:ShiehJ/sandbox

Setup
To begin, click "Edit source" and copy and paste the contents of this entire page into your own sandbox.

 * + click Sandbox in the user toolbar in the top right corner. This opens your sandbox in a new window.
 * If your sandbox already has stuff on it, make a new subpage directly from the sandbox URL. The URL is in the address bar in your browser: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:____/sandbox . After /sandbox, write /something.
 * For example: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Utl_jung/sandbox/workinghour1 takes me to a page which does not yet exist but can be started.
 * Once you are on the new subpage, click Start the... page or Create source (to the left of the search bar)
 * Copy and paste the contents of this page into your new subpage.
 * Tip: press +  to select all.
 * Finally, publish the page. You now have a copy of this page which you can freely edit.

Use an infobox
Think of the most recent movie you watched. Then, insert an Infobox film below.

title: User:ShiehJ/sandbox


text:
User:Librarian4Justice

Public law librarian and access to justice warrior! Live and work in the beautiful Pacific Northwest. Crossword puzzles, reading, hiking, birdwatching, and camping make life fun.

Conflict of Interest Statement

I, Librarian4Justice, am an employee of the Lane County Law Library, a public law library in western Oregon that serves the legal information needs of both attorneys and non-attorneys. I strive to abide by Wikipedia’s accepted practices on conflicts of interest, neutrality, and notability, and will not make any edits that would be contrary to Wikipedia practices or goals.

My editing tends to focus on creating or expanding pages related to law libraries, self-help (law), and the unauthorized practice of law. I may create articles based on Law Library resources or insert links to free, authoritative legal information resources.

I will modify my editing behavior based on problems cited by other editors or if my editing conflicts with other Wikipedia guidelines. I ask that other editors do not hesitate to contact me, via my user talk page, if I appear to be going against this declaration.

title: User:Librarian4Justice


text:
Afgan

Adjective

 * 1) Afghan

Noun

 * 1) Afghan person

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) an

Etymology
From, possibly via 🇨🇬.

Proper noun

 * 1) Afghan

Etymology
From, from.

Proper noun

 * 1) Afghan person from Afghanistan

title: Afgan


text:
User:GomezMayra

Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you? The article stays consistent with the topic throughout the article.
== Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position? The article stays neutral and presents facts and strong article references to the point that post-migration factors are moderators for PTSD and other psychopathological outcomes. ==

== Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented? The article outlines the dearth of research in this topic but the minority groups being represented do not appear to be underrepresented. ==

Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article? All citations check out and support the claim.
== Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted? References are from legitimate sources (i.e., Journal of Mental Health, JAMA, Journal of Traumatic Stress, etc...) All of these references come from neutral sources. ==

== Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added? This article is from 2013 and the oldest reference they used was from 1987 (Psychotherapy for Severely Traumatized Refugees), which could be updated. ==

== Check out the Talk page of the article. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic? Don't see article on talk page or any conversations on wikipedia. However, the article has been cited 24 times. ==

title: User:GomezMayra


text:
User:JoeyMoeller

Hi, I'm Joey. I joined wikiversity on dec 26, 2006. I live in a desert. I'm only sixteen. I'm very interested in learning and the truth. My favorite subjects are mathematics, chemistry, all forms of physics, foreign language, psychology, nuerology, history, anthropology and music. My first language is English, but i also know Spanish fairly well, and I've recently started learning German. I have no intention to ever stop learning new languages. I listen to heavy metal, classical, and some jazz. My email is joemoe2@msn.com.

title: User:JoeyMoeller


text:
HP-71B

The HP-71B was a hand-held computer or calculator programmable in BASIC, made by Hewlett-Packard from 1984 to 1989.

Description
Smaller and less expensive than the preceding model HP-75, the 71B has a single-line 22-character liquid crystal display, 64K system ROM and 17.5K user memory. Priced at US$595 MSRP (US$ in ), it operates on four AAA batteries. Four plug-in ports permits ROM-based programs or additional user memory to be added. Separate compartments could accommodate an optional magnetic card reader and an optional HP-IL interface (HP 82401A) that could be used to connect printers, storage and electronic test equipment.

The 71B was the first handheld to implement the IEEE 854-1987 radix-independent floating-point standard. Programming features included a real-time clock, programmable timers and subroutine calls with parameter passing and recursion. It was also HP's first calculator based on the Saturn processor, later versions of which are found in the popular HP-48 series calculators and most more recent HP calculator models.

Since the hand-pulled magnetic cards (HP-75 compatible) could only store two tracks of 650 bytes each, the card reader (installed under the logo plate above the numeric keyboard) was not a very popular option. Larger storage capacities could be accommodated through HP-IL peripherals such as the 82161A cassette drive or 9114A diskette drive that were also battery-powered and portable, if rather bulky compared to the 71B. Subsequently, memory expansion modules to fit the card reader compartment became available from third-party vendors.

Other third-party options included a bar code wand and application ROMs to plug into one of the four memory ports. A HP-71 configuration with bar code wand and a custom application was widely used for data collection in the British Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS).

Unlike HP-75 or HP-41, the 71B could also act as a device in a HP-IL loop controlled by another device, allowing several of them in the same loop, communicating with each other (or an HP-75 or HP-41) or sharing peripherals. Using an HP 82402 Dual HP-IL controller, it was even possible to connect one 71B to two HP-IL loops simultaneously, possibly as a controller in one and as a device in another.

The HP-71B could optionally be made compatible with the large volume of programs written for the HP-41 series of calculators via a plug-in ROM that emulated the HP-41 at about 5x the original speed.

Internal Design Specification
Another notable "feature" of the 71B was that HP sold to the public a series of documents (IDS: Internal Design Specification) containing the nearly complete internal engineering details of the unit. A series of four IDSes were published about the software contained in the 71B's ROM; this included the complete source code (in assembly language) for the entire contents of ROM, and extensive additional design documentation of the ROM software. Other IDSes were released covering the 71B's hardware, the Forth/Assembler add-in ROM, and the add-in HP-IL controller.

title: HP-71B


text:
User:Technology Drive/draft

Fairwealth Securities is the second largest investment solutions company in India, providing services in a variety of financial sectors.

The company subsidiary of the Fairwealth Group along with Fairwealth Tours and Travel as well as Fairwealth Breeze Homes.

Established in 2005, the company has grown to serve over one lakh customers with Rs. 1 crore lakh in revenues during the 2014 fiscal year.

The company's headquarters are located in Gurgaon, with branch offices in Delhi,Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Lucknow, Chandigarh, Ludhiana, Jaipur, Indore, Raipur, Surat. Agra, Kolkata, Pune, Bangalore and Hyderabad.

title: User:Technology Drive/draft


text:
Talk:Encryption by date

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Encryption by date. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110927155041/http://wwwcsif.cs.ucdavis.edu/~rogaway/papers/desx.ps to http://wwwcsif.cs.ucdavis.edu/~rogaway/papers/desx.ps

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:59, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Encryption by date


text:
in-winter

Verb

 * 1)  To keep (livestock) indoors during harsh weather.

Translations

 * Finnish: pitää sisällä

title: in-winter


text:
Aleksandra Podgoršek

Aleksandra Podgoršek (born 22 July 2001) is a Slovenian rhythmic gymnast.

She is a three-time (2017, 2018, 2020) Slovenian National All-Around champion and a two-time (2015, 2016) Slovenian Junior National All-Around champion.

Junior
She started training rhythmic gymnastics in 2007 at the age of 6. She made her debut in National team in 2014. Podgoršek won silver medal in All-Around at the 2014 Slovenian Junior National Championships. She then competed at the 2014 Junior European Championships in Baku, Azerbaijan. She placed 23rd in Team competition together with teammates Aja Jerman, Taja Karner and Iza Zorec.

She became Slovenian Junior National All-around champion in 2015 and again in 2016. She was selected to represent her country at the 2016 Junior European Championships in Holon, Israel together with teammates Ana Kragulj and Lara Pikovnik. She performed with all four apparatuses and got her best placement with Rope - 37th place and score 14.533. She and her teammates placed 28th in Team competition. After this, she suffered an elbow injury and had the operation to Munich in Germany. She was living in Udine, Italy in autumn later this year and spend time training with Alexandra Agiurgiuculese in ASU Udinese.

Senior
Because of the injury, her first competition in 2017 was 1st Championship competition on national level, but she competed with only two apparatuses - Hoop and Ball. She made her senior debut at the 30th MTM Ljubljana FIG Tournament, where she placed 7th in All-around and qualified to three finals - with Ball, Clubs and Ribbon. Podgoršek competed at her first ever World Cup in April 2017, at World Cup Baku. She placed 29th in All-Around with the score of 54.400. Her next competition was World Cup Guadalajara where she finished on 28th place in All-Around. On June 24–25, Aleksandra became the All-Around champion at the 2017 Slovenian National Championships ahead of Aja Jerman. She swept three golds in Apparatus finals and won silver in Hoop final. On August 6–7, Aleksandra then competed at the World Cup Minsk where she placed 21st in All-Around with a total of 55.300 points and 15th place with Ball. Her next event was on August 11–12 at the World Cup Kazan where she ended on 41st place with a total score of 48.000. At the 2017 World Championships held on August 30 - September 3 in Pesaro, Italy, she placed on 44th place in All-Around Qualifications and did not advance to All-Around Final.

In 2018, Aleksandra's season began in competition at the 2018 Grand Prix Kiev where she placed 21st in All-Around with a total of 52.950 points. Then she competed at the World Cup Sofia and placed 16th in All-Around, which was her best World Cup placement so far. She earned 55.750 points. She was even more successful at the World Cup Tashkent where she placed 11th in All-Around beating her record with total of 62.550 points. She qualified with Ribbon to her first ever World Cup final and finished on 6th place. On May 4–6, she competed at the World Cup Guadalajara and ended on 19th place in All-Around with a score of 56.600. Her next competition was World Cup Portimão where she ended on 14th place in All-Around and on 9th place with both Hoop and Ball. On June 16–17, she became the All-Around champion at the 2018 Slovenian National Championships for the second year in a row. She did not compete in Apparatus Finals because of the injury. Her next competition was at the 2018 Mediterranean Games in Tarragona, Spain. She placed 7th in All Around Qualification and advanced to All-Around Final where she ended on 8th place with a total of 55.300 points.

In 2019, she competed at the 2019 World Championships in Baku, Azerbaijan where she placed 22nd in Team competition together with teammates Iza Zorec, Aja Jerman and Ekaterina Vedeneeva. She contributed to their final result 17.550 score for ball routine and 15.000 for ribbon routine. In 2021, she announced her retirement.

title: Aleksandra Podgoršek


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/fimsidecarcross.com

Links

 * fimsidecarcross.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 13 additions.


text:
1209 in Norway

Events in the year 1209 in Norway.

Incumbents

 * Monarch: Inge II Bårdsson

Deaths

 * Margrete Eriksdotter, queen consort of Norway (born c.1155).

title: 1209 in Norway


text:
User:Paul~enwikibooks

I'm a PhD mathematician with some teacher training under my belt, and I'm very frustrated with the Maths textbook area on this site - there appears to be no focus for contributions.

Answer this: Are we trying to create a seminal work on mathematics that has usefuls tidbits of the basis on arithmetics that university professors would find insightful, or are we instead trying to teach basic arithmetic to an 11 year old?

It seems that the current pages are achieving neither.

title: User:Paul~enwikibooks


text:
Bullard

Bullard is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Alan Bullard (born 1947), British composer
 * Bill Bullard Jr. (1943-2020), American politician
 * Charles W. Bullard, 19th-century American criminal
 * David Bullard (born 1952), South African writer
 * Denys Bullard (1912–1994), British farmer and politician
 * Sir Edward Bullard (1907–1980), British geophysicist
 * Edward B. Bullard (born 1943), American politician and educator
 * Edward P. Bullard Sr. (1841–1906), American founder of the Bullard Machine Tool Company
 * Edward P. Bullard Jr. (1872–1953), second president of the Bullard Machine Tool Company
 * Eugene Bullard (1895–1961), African-American military pilot
 * George Purdy Bullard, Arizona Attorney General 1912–1915
 * Sir Giles Bullard (1926–1992), British diplomat
 * Henry Adams Bullard (1788–1851), U.S. Congressman from Louisiana, 1831–1834 & 1850–1851
 * Isaac Bullard (1774-1808), American politician
 * Isaac Bullard American religious leader
 * James B. Bullard, American economist
 * Jimmy Bullard (born 1978), English footballer
 * Jonathan Bullard (born 1993), American football player
 * Sir Julian Bullard (1928–2006), British diplomat
 * Larcenia Bullard (1947–2013), American politician
 * Laura Curtis Bullard (1831–1912), American writer and women's rights activist
 * Louis Bullard (1956–2010), American football player
 * Mark W. Bullard (1822–1902), American pioneer
 * Martyn Lawrence Bullard (born 1967), English interior designer
 * Matt Bullard (born 1967), American basketball player
 * Mike Bullard (comedian) (born 1957), Canadian broadcaster
 * Mike Bullard (ice hockey) (born 1961), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Orson Flagg Bullard (1834-1906), Pennsylvania state representative
 * Pat Bullard (born 1959), Canadian television writer and comedian
 * Sir Reader Bullard (1885–1976), British diplomat and author
 * Robert D. Bullard (born 1946), American sociologist and academic administrator
 * Robert Lee Bullard (1861–1947), United States Army general
 * Rose Talbot Bullard (1864–1915), American medical doctor and professor
 * Samuel A. Bullard (1853–1926), American architect, politician, and university trustee
 * Sara Bullard, American writer
 * Sarah Bullard (born 1988), American lacrosse player
 * Silas Bullard (1841–1922), American politician and jurist
 * Thaddeus Bullard (born 1977), American professional wrestler, ring name Titus O'Neil
 * William H. G. Bullard (1866–1927), United States Navy admiral
 * William Bullard (Dedham) (1594–1686), early resident in Dedham, Massachusetts

title: Bullard


text:
apache

Noun

 * , a Parisian gangster.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  of the (Parisian)

Noun

 * 1) Apache (language)

Noun

 * 1)  Apache (gangster)

Noun

 * 1) Apache one of the native Apache people of the southwestern United States
 * 2) Apache a violent Parisian gangster during the late 19th century and early 20th century

Noun

 * 1) Apache Athabaskan language spoken by the Apache

Adjective

 * 1) Apache of or relating to the Apache people and their culture
 * 2) Apache of or relating to the Apache language

Noun

 * 1) Apache
 * 2) jaguarundi

title: apache


text:
Raiden Tameemon

Raiden Tameemon (雷電爲右衞門), born Seki Tarōkichi (January 1767 – 11 February, 1825), was a Japanese sumo wrestler from Tōmi, Nagano Prefecture. He is considered one of the greatest rikishi in history, although he was never promoted to yokozuna. To date, he holds the record for best top division win ratio of all time.

Early life
Raiden was born to a farming family in a village in rural Shinano Province. He is said to have possessed great physical strength even in childhood. His father Hanemon, who enjoyed sumo as much as sake, allowed 14-year-old Raiden to attend sumo classes at Nagaze (today called Murokocho), the neighboring village. When Raiden was 17, the Urakaze-beya stablemaster noticed him when he came through the area while on jungyō (regional tour) with his wrestlers. He was especially impressed with the young man's physique, which was extraordinary at the time. Young Raiden was 1.97 m tall, which was three head lengths taller than most of his contemporaries. He also had matching long arms and large hands; a handprint at the Shofukuji temple near Okayama, which is said to be of Raiden's hand, measures 24 cm from the wrist to the tip of the middle finger. When Raiden trained as a wrestler, he developed a weight of 169 kg.

When Urakaze Kazuki invited him to Edo and started training him, it turned out that Raiden possessed not only the body of a giant (by 18th-century Japanese standards), but also a talent for sumo wrestling. He was especially talented in oshi-sumo techniques and was able to move at a high speed considering his size. Soon Raiden left his stable and unofficially joined Isenoumi-beya, where yokozuna Tanikaze became his coach.

Professional sumo career
In 1789, the shikona (wrestler name) "Raiden", which means "thunder bolt", appeared in the banzuke ranking, although Raiden did not have his debut until fall 1790. Raiden was ranked as a sekiwake, as was common practice then. He had the best record in the basho (tournament) without a defeat. After Tanikaze's death, Raiden was promoted to ōzeki in March 1795, a rank he retained for nearly 17 years. Between November 1793 and April 1800, Raiden finished with the best record in all tournaments he participated in, ahead of the other great fighters of his time, Tanikaze and Onogawa. After 1800, he remained dominant, and sumo officials even disallowed him to use his favorite techniques in order to keep his matches interesting.

Of the 35 tournaments in which he participated (there were only two basho a year at the time), Raiden had the best record in no fewer than 28. In seven of those, he won without suffering a single defeat or draw. In total, he achieved 254 victories and only ten defeats, a winning percentage of 96.2, an all-time record. His longest winning streaks were eleven consecutive tournaments, or 44 bouts. Raiden's championships are, however, regarded as unofficial by the Japan Sumo Association, as before the current yūshō system was established in 1909, there was no prize given for individual performances in tournaments.

Retirement from sumo
Finally, in spring 1811, Raiden retired from sumo at the age of 43. He became chairman of the sumo association of Izumo Province (in today's Shimane Prefecture), where his sponsor daimyō resided. In 1816, he moved to Edo and finished his diary Shokoku Sumo Hikae-cho ("journal of sumo in various regions"), which describes his time as an active wrestler since 1789.

After his death, he was buried in Akasaka in Edo. Two locks of his hair are buried in other graves which are located in his home village and in Matsue in Shimane.

When Raiden was still an active wrestler, his home village's residents built monuments honoring his parents. Raiden himself contributed a sake barrel made of stone in memory of his father. Since his death, Raiden has appeared not only as subject of a number of statues, but also on postage stamps, beer labels, anime and manga.

Lack of yokozuna promotion
Despite his dominance at the time, Raiden never was promoted to yokozuna, the highest rank in sumo. The exact reason for this remains a mystery in the history of the sport.

Journalist Masahiko Nomi theorized that the 19th Yoshida Oikaze granted yokozuna licences to only two wrestlers, Tanikaze and Onogawa, and not intended to honor any more in the future. Decades later, the 20th Yoshida Oikaze attempted to defeat the Gojo family, which wanted to promote Kashiwado and Tamagaki to yokozuna, by awarding a yokozuna licence to Ōnomatsu Midorinosuke. Ōnomatsu became the first new yokozuna in nearly 40 years.

Another theory has suggested that the reason for the snub may have been due to clan politics. Raiden's sponsor, Daimyo Matsudaira Harusato, was a descendant of Yūki Hideyasu, a son of Tokugawa Ieyasu. The Yoshida family, who held the privilege of awarding the yokozuna licenses, supported the Hosokawa clan, who had a history of supporting Ishida Mitsunari.

Yokozuna was not formally recognized as rank on the banzuke until the beginning of the 20th century. When Jinmaku Kyūgorō erected the yokozuna memorial monument at Tomioka Hachiman Shrine in 1900, he included Raiden's name as a "peerless rikishi", in spite of his never having been officially promoted.

Top division record

 * The actual time the tournaments were held during the year in this period often varied.

''*Championships for the best record in a tournament were not recognized or awarded before the 1909 summer tournament and the above unofficial championships are historically conferred. For more information see yūshō.''

title: Raiden Tameemon


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ajaan suwat suvaco

The result of the debate was keep. Mailer Diablo 01:28, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Ajaan suwat suvaco
Non-notable monk. Delete. DMG413 02:29, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-notable person. Only 293 Google results -- T B C [[Image:Confused-tpvgames.gif|18px|]] ???   ???   ??? 02:58, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete, no claim to notability. Roy  boy cr ash  fan  [[Image:Flag_of_Texas.svg|30px]] 03:41, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Strong keep founded four notable monasteries in the Western US> Rewrote and wikified the article.  I'll add the external links (to the monasteries) that I found on google later.  I'm keeping them out for now lest anyone start thinking that this is a promo or ad or whatnot.  Bobby P. Smith Sr. Jr. 03:53, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep. notable monk.Blnguyen | Have your say!!! 05:43, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep. Google isn't exactly where I'd look for information on monks, but even the limited information there indicates he's regarded as notable within the relevant community. Monicasdude 05:44, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep. Founding four monasteries makes him notable enough for mine. Capitalistroadster 05:56, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep per Capitalistroadster. Feezo (Talk) 07:29, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable enough -- Astrokey44 |talk 11:47, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable monk. --Ter e nce Ong 14:46, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep, notable. Oliver Keenan 20:48, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep. I don't think we have formal guidelines for monks, but he seems sufficiently notable. -Colin Kimbrell 14:38, 22 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
Andreyevka, Republic of Dagestan

Andreyevka (Андреевка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Pervomaysky Selsoviet, Derbentsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 326 as of 2010. The village has an Azerbaijani-majority. There are 8 streets.

Geography
Andreyevka is located 20 km northwest of Derbent (the district's administrative centre) by road. Imeni Michurina and Yuny Pakhar are the nearest rural localities.

title: Andreyevka, Republic of Dagestan


text:
2019 East Asia Super League season

The 2019 East Asia Super League season was the third season of the tournament organized by the Asia League Limited. The sole tournament, The Terrific 12 was held from 17–22 September 2019.

Results
The Terrific 12 tournament was held at the Tap Seac Multi-sports Pavilion in Macau from 17 to 22 September. The FIBA-recognized basketball tournament features three clubs from the Chinese Basketball Association of China, four from the B.League of Japan, two from the Korean Basketball League of South Korea and three from the Philippine Basketball Association of the Philippines.

Asia League Fest
As part of The Terrific 12, an evening concert named the Asia League Fest was held on 21 September featuring musical artists from mainland China, Japan, the Philippines, South Korea and Taiwan. The event featured known artists such as MC Jin, James Reid, Jess Connelly, Minzy, Julia Wu, Motherbasss, Blacklist Music and Soler.

title: 2019 East Asia Super League season


text:
Montrécourt

Montrécourt is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

It is one of the smallest, least populated communes of Nord.

title: Montrécourt


text:
Cocoa Programming

If you are a beginner, please consider Programming Mac OS X with Cocoa for Beginners

About Cocoa
Cocoa is the name Apple Computer uses for their extended implementation of the OpenStep specification, first created by NeXT for their OPENSTEP operating system. It provides a useful set of tools to help developers create programs and user interfaces within Mac OS X. There are three implementations of the OpenStep specification, the one originally provided with the OPENSTEP operating system, but the most common ones today are the one provided by Apple, and the other by GNUstep, a free software implementation of OpenStep.

If you don't have access to an Apple Macintosh, and you would like to learn how to use the OPENSTEP frameworks, then running GNUstep is worth a consideration (and should be sufficient to let you experience the power of the OPENSTEP frameworks).

Getting ready to program
If you are using an Apple Macintosh computer running Mac OS 10.2 or later (the latest version of Mac OS X is recommended) then you can find all the tools needed to develop Cocoa programs on the last software install CD. The tools are also available from Apple's Developer's Website. In order to download them, you need to create a free account and login. You can also find them in the "Installers" folder of your "Applications" folder (they could be outdated, make sure you run software update after the installation). The two programs you will use most extensively are Xcode (known as Project Builder in versions before 10.3) and Interface Builder.

If you are using GNUstep then you may already have the tools installed. The programs you will need to complete most of the tutorials in this book are ProjectCenter and Gorm. You will need to refer to the GNUstep website for help installing these.

Before starting any of the modules that make up this book you should have a good, basic knowledge of the C programming language. C will help you understand programming in general.

It would be advantageous for you to learn Objective-C as well, as it is the core language for developing Cocoa applications, and may help to assist in understanding the machinery behind Cocoa applications. Learning Objective-C while learning Cocoa is also possible.

Modules

 * First steps
 * Objective-C basics
 * Memory management
 * Foundation Kit
 * Application Kit
 * Basics
 * Commonly used items:
 * Cocoa Programming/sheets
 * Cocoa Programming/toolbars
 * Cocoa Programming/drawers
 * Cocoa Programming/progress indicators
 * Cocoa Programming/preferences
 * status items
 * Cocoa Programming/dock menus
 * Cocoa Programming/wrapping command line tools
 * multithreading
 * Cocoa Programming/vector drawings
 * Cocoa Programming/OpenGL
 * Cocoa Programming/Web Kit
 * Cocoa Programming/web content

Cocoa

title: Cocoa Programming


text:
User:Ben.simon234/Fight for $15/Rajiv.chainani Peer Review

Peer review
This is where you will complete your peer review exercise. Please use the following template to fill out your review.

General info

 * Whose work are you reviewing? Ben.simon234
 * Link to draft you're reviewing:Fight for $15

Lead
Guiding questions:

 * Has the Lead been updated to reflect the new content added by your peer? Yes, it is detailed with facts on the article and talks about the topic from different states and demographics.
 * Does the Lead include an introductory sentence that concisely and clearly describes the article's topic? Yes introductory sentence is a definition on the topic in a clear and obvious manner.
 * Does the Lead include a brief description of the article's major sections? The lead does mention major sections but it does not include anything about global disputes. However, I do think the article is centered more on the minimum wage in the US so maybe the section needs altering over making changes to the lead section.
 * Does the Lead include information that is not present in the article? No, the lead section included everything in the article
 * Is the Lead concise or is it overly detailed? I would say it strikes a good balance. It included quantitative facts and provided an overall outlook for the rest of the article.

Content
Guiding questions:

 * Is the content added relevant to the topic? Yes, I would say so it includes minimum wages from different sectors that is relevant to the topic
 * Is the content added up-to-date? Most content is but a lot of the links are from 2014 where laws were different compared to present day.
 * Is there content that is missing or content that does not belong? I do think the global section is a minor topic that does not to be so detailed as it is a deterrence to the main points of raising minimum wage in the US.

Tone and Balance
Guiding questions:

 * Is the content added neutral? Yes not alot of opinions. Statements backed with facts.
 * Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position? It is presented more on the negatives of the minimum wage gap and less on the effects of raising the minimum wage on businesses and their ability to pay people their wages.
 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented? I do believe view points are overrepresented and their could be a section on raising minimum wages on key macroeconomic factors.
 * Does the content added attempt to persuade the reader in favor of one position or away from another? No, i think it is more informative than persuasive.

Sources and References
Guiding questions:

 * Is all new content backed up by a reliable secondary source of information? Yes, mostly all points have a done a good job on being correctly cited.
 * Are the sources thorough - i.e. Do they reflect the available literature on the topic? I do believe they do with sources ranging from different states' newspapers on their own states efforts to raise minimum wage
 * Are the sources current? Yes current with lots of sources from this century.
 * Check a few links. Do they work? Yes

Organization
Guiding questions:

 * Is the content added well-written - i.e. Is it concise, clear, and easy to read? yes but some definitions like the "Grand Bargain" could be defined to add context.
 * Does the content added have any grammatical or spelling errors? No largely grammatically and spelling is correct.
 * Is the content added well-organized - i.e. broken down into sections that reflect the major points of the topic? Yes, they are with subsections helping to bring a balanced argument and tone.

Images and Media
Guiding questions: If your peer added images or media

 * Does the article include images that enhance understanding of the topic? I do think they do especially the heat map of the US and wage table.
 * Are images well-captioned? the consolidated minimum wage table needs captioning others are fine.
 * Do all images adhere to Wikipedia's copyright regulations? Yes
 * Are the images laid out in a visually appealing way? yes love the Mcdonalds imagery really adds character to the article

For New Articles Only
If the draft you're reviewing is a new article, consider the following in addition to the above.

 * Does the article meet Wikipedia's Notability requirements - i.e. Is the article supported by 2-3 reliable secondary sources independent of the subject? Yes over 80 sources, with additional reading.
 * How exhaustive is the list of sources? Does it accurately represent all available literature on the subject? Very extensive and informative from reliable secondary sources
 * Does the article follow the patterns of other similar articles - i.e. contain any necessary infoboxes, section headings, and any other features contained within similar articles? Adds a note from a professor that I have not seen on previous Wikipedia articles.
 * Does the article link to other articles so it is more discoverable? Yes, it does

Overall impressions
Guiding questions:

 * Has the content added improved the overall quality of the article - i.e. Is the article more complete? Very informative and well balanced. Interesting to read with the current economic conditions at hand.
 * What are the strengths of the content added? The balanced point of view and points are backed with data and references. Images add to the overall discussion of the article
 * How can the content added be improved? I would make changes to the global section of the piece could be toned down.


text:
Cookbook:Crab Quesadillas with Mango Salsa

| Cuisine of Mexico | Seafood | Appetizers

Salsa

 * 2 cups fresh mango, diced fine
 * 1 cup plum tomato, diced fine
 * ¼ cup sweet red pepper, minced
 * 3 tbsp fresh lime juice
 * 1 tbsp fresh cilantro, chopped fine

Quesadilla

 * 1 lb. lump crabmeat
 * 1 package of 6-inch round flour tortillas
 * 1 medium green bell pepper, cut into thin strips
 * 1 medium red bell pepper, cut into thin strips
 * ½ ea. red onion, cut into strips
 * 1 tbsp olive oil
 * 8 oz mascarpone cheese
 * ¼ tsp cayenne pepper
 * ¼ cup cilantro, finely chopped
 * 1 cup Monterey Jack cheese, shredded
 * Cooking spray or vegetable oil

Salsa

 * 1) Combine all ingredients together.
 * 2) Chill for at least 2 hours before serving.

Quesadillas

 * 1) Preheat the oven to 450 °F (230 °C).
 * 2) Heat the olive oil in a frying pan. To that, add the onions and peppers. Cook for about 5 minutes or until onions are translucent.
 * 3) Meanwhile, sift through the crab meat and remove any shell fragments. Stir into the crab the marscapone cheese, cayenne pepper, and cilantro. Mix well.
 * 4) Spray half of the tortillas with cooking spray. Lay them flat (sprayed side down) on baking sheets.
 * 5) Add equal portions of the crab meat and then equal portions of the onions and peppers. Sprinkle with the Monterey Jack cheese.
 * 6) Place the remaining tortillas on top and spray with cooking spray.
 * 7) Bake for about 10 minutes or until golden in color.
 * 8) After removing from the oven, allow to sit for a minute. Then, cut each tortilla into quarters.
 * 9) Serve with mango salsa (recipe follows).


text:
Listed buildings in Swinton and Pendlebury

Swinton and Pendlebury is a town (and former borough) in the City of Salford Metropolitan Borough, Greater Manchester, England. It contains 23 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The listed buildings include houses, churches and items in churchyards, a public house, aqueducts, a railway viaduct, cemetery buildings, a bandstand and war memorials.


text:
Kismattatla

Kismattatla is a village in the Bhagawangola I CD block in the Lalbag subdivision of Murshidabad district in the state of West Bengal, India.

Location
Kismattatla is located at 24.3066°N, 88.2983°W.

Area overview
While the Lalbag subdivision is spread across both the natural physiographic regions of the district, Rarh and Bagri, the Domkal subdivision occupies the north-eastern corner of Bagri. In the map alongside, the Ganges/ Padma River flows along the northern portion. The border with Bangladesh can be seen in the north and the east. Murshidabad district shares with Bangladesh a 150 km long porous border which is notoriously crime prone (partly shown in this map). The Ganges has a tendency to change course frequently, causing severe erosion, mostly along the southern bank. The historic city of Murshidabad, a centre of major tourist attraction, is located in this area. In 1717, when Murshid Quli Khan became Subahdar, he made Murshidabad the capital of Subah Bangla (then Bengal, Bihar and Odisha). The entire area is overwhelmingly rural with over 90% of the population living in the rural areas.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivisions. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

Demographics
According to the 2011 Census of India, Kismattatla had a total population of 3,045, of which 1,572 (52%) were males and 1,473 (48%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 454. The total number of literate persons in Kismattatla was 1,639 (63.26% of the population over 6 years).

Transport
Buses are available within the village and the nearest railway station is about 5 km away.

Healthcare
Kanapukur Rural Hospital, with 15 beds at Kismattatla, is the major government medical facility in Bhagwangola I CD block.

See also - Healthcare in West Bengal

title: Kismattatla


text:
Talk:Level Up (British TV series)

The Next Level table - please expand
Last year, after the programme finished, I started a table listing all the Next Levels. I know it's unlikely, since the programme finished over a year ago, but if anyone can remember, please add to the table. Thanks. --J. Atkins (talk - contribs) 08:21, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

The Website
Hi! I was wondering if anyone has being on the Level Up website if you have please type your comments here! --Jennylu91 17:32, 9 May 2007 (UTC)
 * See the top of this page - talk page are not for discussion of the topic, but changes to the WIkipedia article. Please use them appropriately. --J. Atkins (talk - contribs) 08:19, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Level Up (UK TV series). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091004173201/http://www.coolkidsforacoolclimate.com/About/AboutIndex.html to http://www.coolkidsforacoolclimate.com/About/AboutIndex.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081120003024/http://markrhodes1981.topic-board.com/index.htm to http://markrhodes1981.topic-board.com/index.htm

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:01, 22 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Level Up (British TV series)


text:
Selcuk Adabag

Ahmet Selcuk Adabag is a Professor of Medicine at the University of Minnesota.

Education
Adabag obtained his M.D. degree following the completion of medical school and a residency in cardiology and internal medicine at Hacettepe University Medical School in Ankara, Turkey. He then immigrated to New York, United States, where he continued his residency in internal medicine at University at Buffalo and following it moved to Minnesota where he completed fellowships in cardiovascular disease and cardiac electrophysiology at the University of Minnesota.

Career
After completing his fellowships, Adabag became an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Minnesota and research investigator with the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center at the Minneapolis Heart Institute. He was later promoted to the associate investigator and was transferred to the Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research and following it became staff cardiologist and the co-director of the Medical Intensive Care and Cardiac Step-down Units at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Minneapolis.

Fellowships

 * Fellow of the American Heart Association's Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and Resuscitation (2018)

title: Selcuk Adabag


text:
Patrick Rodgers

Patrick Rodgers (born June 30, 1992) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour.

Early life
Rodgers was born in Avon, Indiana. Then he played golf at Avon High School for 4 years. He played college golf at Stanford University, for three years, where he won 11 times, tying the record set by Tiger Woods. Rodgers was given the Ben Hogan Award and was the number one ranked golfer in the World Amateur Golf Ranking for 16 weeks in early 2014.

Professional career
After turning professional in June 2014, Rodgers played on the PGA Tour via sponsor's exemptions. He earned enough non-member FedEx Cup points to qualify for the Web.com Tour Finals. He finished T-8 at the Nationwide Children's Hospital Championship. Overall, he finished 58th in the Finals, earning enough to get his 2015 Web.com Tour card. He won the second event of the season at the Pacific Rubiales Colombia Championship. In May he finished T-2 at the Wells Fargo Championship on the PGA Tour playing on a sponsor's exemption.

Rodgers earned "Special Temporary Member" status on the PGA Tour for 2015 after finishing T40 at the Memorial Tournament. He later finished 24th on the 2015 Web.com Tour money list, earning a PGA Tour card for the 2015–16 season. Even with the finish, he was not allowed to compete in the 2015 Web.com Tour Finals since he also accumulated enough FedEx Cup points to place inside the Top 125. He also could not compete in the 2015 FedEx Cup because Special Temporary Membership does not qualify a player for the FedExCup Playoffs; had he won a PGA Tour tournament, he would have earned full membership and become eligible for the playoffs. He appeared on EA Sports' Rory McIlroy PGA Tour game as a new golfer in 2015.

Rodgers opened the 2016 season with top-20 finishes in his first four events. From April through July, however, his form dipped as he made only six of 12 cuts and did not record a finish higher than T31. He nearly won the Travelers Championship in August, finishing T3, two shots behind the champion, Russell Knox. Having qualified for the FedExCup Playoffs for the first time in his career, he was eliminated after the second playoff event, the Deutsche Bank Championship, and ended 2016 ranked 62nd in the season-long standings.

The 2017 season began significantly worse for Rodgers than the 2016 season had. He missed the cut in five of his first eight tournaments, sandwiching top-10 finishes in the RSM Classic (T10) and the Farmers Insurance Open (T4) between early weekend exits. He shared the 54-hole lead at the Farmers with Brandt Snedeker, but shot a lackluster even-par 72 in the final round to finish four shots behind eventual champion Jon Rahm. Seven missed cuts in eight events followed, and Rodgers plummeted from 43rd in the FedExCup standings in January to 114th by June. Out of nowhere, Rodgers led the John Deere Classic by two strokes entering the final round. He appeared on his way to his first PGA Tour victory, going 3-under through 13 holes in the final round. He played the last five holes 1-over, however, opening the door for Bryson DeChambeau to claim the tournament with a back-nine 30 and a 15-foot birdie on the final green. Despite the heartbreaking finish, Rodgers recorded his career-best finish on the PGA Tour and earned enough FedExCup points to assure he would keep his card for the 2017-18 season.

In the final event of 2018, Rodgers came close to winning his first PGA Tour title, after firing rounds of 61-62 at the weekend of the RSM Classic to enter a playoff with Charles Howell III. He lost the playoff on the second extra hole, when Howell III holed a birdie putt after Rodgers had missed his from a similar distance.

Personal
As of December 2016, Rodgers has been in a relationship with Jade Olivia Gordon, who is a British stunt coordinator and film assistant. The two became engaged on December 28, 2017 and married on May 26, 2019 at the Vizcaya Museum & Gardens in Miami, Florida. They currently reside together in a home they purchased in Jupiter, Florida. The couple have two children.

Amateur wins

 * 2010 Western Junior
 * 2011 Porter Cup

Web.com Tour wins (1)
Web.com Tour playoff record (1–0)

Playoff record
PGA Tour playoff record (0–2)

Results in major championships
Results not in chronological order in 2020. {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" = tied NT = No tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic

Results in The Players Championship
CUT = missed the halfway cut "T" indicates a tie for a place C = Canceled after the first round due to the COVID-19 pandemic

U.S. national team appearances
Amateur
 * Walker Cup: 2011, 2013 (winners)
 * Palmer Cup: 2012, 2013 (winners)

title: Patrick Rodgers


text:
User:Shiresetter

Hello, I'm Chris. I am a native Michigander who lived many years, quite happily, in Colorado, both in the Denver area and in various parts of the mountains. Love dogs, the Great Lakes, and learning all sorts of new things. Sharing how to use digital resources and any hardware and software used to access it is a passion for me, and part of my job too. Excited about this course -- such a novice really understanding Wikipedia. With this course, trying to follow instructions and all the steps to follow the best practices. Sorry for any mistakes that I may make.

I, Shiresetter, am a current employee of Big Rapids Community Library, a public library, dedicated to serving the patrons in our service area which includes approximately 20,000 persons. The library's mission is to provide quality information and assure equal access to our patrons, with an emphasis on fostering literacy to all ages.

I will not make any edits that would not be beneficial to the goals of Wikipedia. While my editing is sort of all over the map, I do like to improve access to important, free, scholarly sources held in libraries and archives. I may, from time to time, insert links or create articles based on library resources. I will modify my editing behavior based on problems cited by other editors or if my editing conflicts with other Wikipedia guidelines. I ask that other editors do not hesitate to contact me, via my user talk page, if I appear to be going against this declaration.

title: User:Shiresetter


text:
General Mechanics/Motion Under Constraint

So far we've tacitly assumed we can just calculate force as a function of position, set up the ODE

 * $$m\ddot{\mathbf{r}}=\mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r})$$

and start solving.

It is not always so simple.

Often, we have to deal with motion under constraint; a bead sliding on a wire, a ball rolling without slipping, a weight dangling from a string.

There has to be some force keeping the bead on the wire, but we don't know what it is in advance, only what it does. This isn't enough information for us to write down the ODE.

We need a way of solving the problem without knowing the forces in advance.

How easy this is depends on the type of constraint.

 * If the constraint is an inequality, as with the weight on the string, there is no straightforward analytical method.

 * If the constraint can be written as a set of differential equations, and those equations can't be integrated in advance, there is an analytical method, but it is beyond the scope of this book. A ball rolling without slipping falls into this category.

 * If the constraint can be written as a set of algebraic equations, and frictional forces are negligible, there is a straightforward method that solves the problem.

Generalised coordinates
Suppose we have a system of n particles satisfying k constraints of the form

 * $$f_k(\mathbf{r}_1, \cdots, \mathbf{r}_n, t)=0$$

then we can use the constraints to eliminate k of the 3n coordinates of the particles, giving us a new set of 3n-k independent generalised coordinates; q1, q2, … q3n-k.

Unlike the components of the position vectors, these new coordinates will not all be lengths, and will not typically form vectors. They may often be angles.

We now need to work out what Newton's laws will look like in the generalised coordinates.

Derivation
The first step is to eliminate the forces of constraint.

We will need to consider a virtual displacement. This is an infinitesimal displacement made, while holding the forces and constraints constant. It is not the same as the infinitesimal displacement made during an infinitesimal time, since the forces and constraints may change during that time.

 * We write the total force on particle i as
 * $$\mathbf{F}_i=\mathbf{F}^a_i+\mathbf{F}^c_i$$
 * the sum of the externally applied forces and the forces of constraint.

 * Newton's second law states
 * $$\mathbf{F}^a_i+\mathbf{F}^c_i = \mathbf{F}_i=\dot{\mathbf{p}}_i$$

 * We take the dot product of this with the virtual displacement of particle i and sum over all particles.

\sum_i \left(\mathbf{F}^a_i+\mathbf{F}^c_i-\dot{\mathbf{p}}_i \right)\cdot \delta\mathbf{r}_i = 0$$

 * We now assume that the forces of constraint are perpendicular to the virtual displacement. This assumption is generally true in the absence of friction; e.g, the force of constraint that keeps a ball on a surface is normal to the surface.

 * This assumption is called D'Alembert's principle. Using it we can eliminate the forces of constraint from the problem, giving

\sum_i \left(\mathbf{F}^a_i-\dot{\mathbf{p}}_i \right)\cdot \delta\mathbf{r}_i = 0$$
 * or

\sum_i \mathbf{F}^a_i \cdot \delta\mathbf{r}_i = \sum_i \dot{\mathbf{p}}_i \cdot \delta\mathbf{r}_i \quad (1)$$

 * The left hand side of this equation is called the virtual work.

Now we must change to the generalised co-ordinate system.

 * We write
 * $$\mathbf{r}_i=\mathbf{r}_i(q_1, q_2, \cdots ,q_{3n-k}, t)$$

 * Using the chain rule gives
 * $$\mathbf{v}_i=\sum_j \frac{\partial\mathbf{r}_i}{\partial q_j} \dot{q}_j

+ \frac{\partial\mathbf{r}_i}{\partial t}$$
 * and
 * $$\delta\mathbf{r}_i=\sum_j \frac{\partial\mathbf{r}_i}{\partial q_j} \delta q_j

$$

 * Note that this implies
 * $$\frac{\partial\mathbf{r}_i}{\partial q_j}= \frac{\partial\mathbf{v}_i}{\partial \dot{q}_j} \quad (2)$$

 * The virtual work is, dropping the superscript,
 * $$\begin{matrix}

\sum_i \mathbf{F}_i \cdot \delta\mathbf{r}_i & = & \sum_{i, j} \mathbf{F}_i \cdot \frac{\partial\mathbf{r}_i}{\partial q_j} \delta q_j\\ & = & \sum_j Q_j \delta q_j \end{matrix}$$
 * where the Qj are the components of the generalised force.

We now manipulate the right hand side of (1) into a form comparable with this last equation

 * The right hand side term is
 * $$\begin{matrix}

\sum_i \dot{\mathbf{p}}_i \cdot \delta\mathbf{r}_i & = & \sum_i m_i\ddot{\mathbf{r}}_i \cdot \delta\mathbf{r}_i \\ & = & \sum_{i, j} m_i\ddot{\mathbf{r}}_i \cdot \frac{\partial\mathbf{r}_i}{\partial q_j} \delta q_j \end{matrix} $$

 * The terms in the coefficient of qj can be rearranged

 * $$\begin{matrix}

\sum_i m_i\ddot{\mathbf{r}}_i \cdot \frac{\partial\mathbf{r}_i}{\partial q_j} & = & \sum_i \left[ \frac{d}{dt} \left( m_i\dot{\mathbf{r}}_i \cdot \frac{\partial\mathbf{r}_i}{\partial q_j} \right) - m_i\dot{\mathbf{r}}_i \cdot \frac{d}{dt} \left( \frac{\partial\mathbf{r}_i}{\partial q_j} \right) \right] \\ & = & \sum_i \left[ \frac{d}{dt} \left( m_i\mathbf{v}_i \cdot \frac{\partial\mathbf{v}_i}{\partial \dot{q}_j} \right) - m_i \mathbf{v}_i \cdot \frac{\partial\mathbf{v}_i}{\partial q_j}\right] \end{matrix}$$

 * on substituting in equation (2) from above

On taking a close look at this last equation, we see a resemblance to the total kinetic energy,
 * $$T=\frac{1}{2}\sum_i m_i v^2_i$$

 * We now further rearrange to get an expression explicitly involving T.

 * $$\begin{matrix}

\sum_i m_i\ddot{\mathbf{r}}_i \cdot \frac{\partial\mathbf{r}_i}{\partial q_j} & = & \sum_i \left[ \frac{d}{dt} \left( m_i\mathbf{v}_i \cdot \frac{\partial\mathbf{v}_i}{\partial \dot{q}_j} \right) - m_i \mathbf{v}_i \cdot \frac{\partial\mathbf{v}_i}{\partial q_j}\right] \\ & = & \frac{d}{dt} \left( \frac{\partial}{\partial \dot{q}_j} \frac{1}{2} \sum_i m_i v^2_i \right) - \frac{\partial}{\partial q_j}\frac{1}{2} \sum_i m_i v^2_i  \\ & = & \frac{d}{dt} \left( \frac{\partial}{\partial \dot{q}_j} T \right) - \frac{\partial}{\partial q_j} T \end{matrix}$$

Putting this last expression into (1) along with the generalised force give

\sum_j \left[ \frac{d}{dt} \left( \frac{\partial T}{\partial \dot{q}_j} \right) - \frac{\partial T}{\partial q_j} -Q_j \right] \delta q_j = 0 $$

Since the δqj, unlike the δri, are independent, this last equation can only be true if all the coefficients vanish.

That is we must have

 * $$ \frac{d}{dt} \frac{\partial T}{\partial \dot{q}_j}

- \frac{\partial T}{\partial q_j} = Q_j \quad (3)$$

These are the equations of motion for the system, in a general set of coordinates for which all constraints are automatically satisfied.

For example, suppose we have a cylinder, mass m, radius a, rolling without slipping on a flat plane.

The kinetic energy of the cylinder is

 * $$T=\frac{1}{2}m \dot{x}^2 + \frac{1}{8}ma^2 \dot{\theta}^2 $$

using the results from Rigid Bodies, where x is the axis in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, and θ is the angle of rotation.

Rolling without slipping implies
 * $$\dot{x}=a\dot{\theta}$$

so we get

 * $$T=\frac{5}{8}m\dot{x}^2 \quad \frac{5}{4}m\ddot{x}=Q_x$$

The cylinder has the same kinetic energy as if its mass were 20% greater. If there is no torque on the cylinder then Qx=Fx, and the cylinder behaves in every respect as though it were a 20% larger point mass.

To use (3) more generally, we need an expression for the Qj

Suppose, as is often the case, that
 * $$\mathbf{F}_i=-\frac{\partial}{\partial \mathbf{r}_i} V$$

then, by definition

 * $$\begin{matrix}

\sum_j Q_j \delta q_j & = & \sum_i \mathbf{F}_i \cdot \delta\mathbf{r}_i \\ & = & \sum_{i, j} \mathbf{F}_i \cdot \frac{\partial \mathbf{r}_i}{\partial q_j} \delta q_j \\ & = & -\sum_{i, j} \frac{\partial V}{\partial \mathbf{r}_i} \frac{\partial \mathbf{r}_i}{\partial q_j} \delta q_j \\ & = & -\sum_j \frac{\partial V}{\partial q_j} \delta q_j \end{matrix}$$

so, equating coefficients, the generalised force is

 * $$Q_j=-\frac{\partial V}{\partial q_j}$$

Putting this generalised force into (3) gives

 * $$ \frac{d}{dt} \frac{\partial (T-V)}{\partial \dot{q}_j}

- \frac{\partial (T-V)}{\partial q_j} = 0$$

since V has been assumed independent of the velocities.

In fact, this last equation will still be true for some velocity dependent forces, most notably magnetism, for a suitable definition of V, but we won't prove this here.

We call the T-V the Lagrangian, L, and write
 * $$ \frac{d}{dt} \frac{\partial L}{\partial \dot{q}_j}

- \frac{\partial L}{\partial q_j} = 0$$

We call these equations Lagrange's equations. They are useful whenever Cartesian co-ordinates are inconvenient, including motion under constraint.

Example
Suppose we have two identical point masses, m, connected by a string, length a. The string is threaded through an hole in a flat table so that the upper mass is moving in a horizontal plane without friction, and the lower mass is always vertically below the hole. The distance of the upper mass from the hole is r.

The position of the mass on the table is best described using polar coordinates, (r,θ). Its kinetic energy is then

 * $$\frac{1}{2}m \left( \dot{r}^2+r^2 \dot{\theta}^2 \right) $$

The velocity of the lower mass is d(a-r)/dt=-dr/dt, so the total kinetic energy is

 * $$T= \frac{1}{2}m \left( 2\dot{r}^2+r^2 \dot{\theta}^2 \right) $$

The potential energy is

 * $$V = mg(a-r)$$

where g is the gravitational acceleration.

This means

 * $$L = \frac{1}{2}m \left( 2\dot{r}^2+r^2 \dot{\theta}^2 \right) +mg(r-a)$$

and the equations of motion are

 * $$\begin{matrix}

\frac{d}{dt} \frac{\partial L}{\partial \dot{\theta}} - \frac{\partial L}{\partial \theta} & = & m\frac{d}{dt}\left( r^2 \dot{\theta}\right) & = & 0 \\ \frac{d}{dt} \frac{\partial L}{\partial \dot{r}} - \frac{\partial L}{\partial r} & = & 2m\ddot{r}-mr\dot{\theta}^2+mg & = & 0\end{matrix}$$

The first of these equations says that the angular momentum is constant, as expected since there is no torque on the particles. If we call this constant angular momentum l then we can write

 * $$\dot{\theta}=\frac{l}{mr^2}$$

and the second equation of motion becomes

 * $$\ddot{r}=\frac{l^2}{2m^2r^3}-\frac{g}{2}$$

Clearly, if initially
 * $$l^2>g m^2 r^3, \,$$

then the lower ball will be pulled out of the hole, at which point these equations of motions cease to apply. They only hold when 0≤r≤a, a constraint which is not easily tamable.

Notice, we have not needed to calculate the tension in the string, which is the force of constraint in this problem.


text:
Web Design/Getting Your Site On the Web

Introduction
After you have a website on your computer, it can not be seen by anyone. It first needs to be put on the internet, or world wide web. Here we will explain this process.

Guides

 * Linux Apache MySQL Perl/PHP/Python server (Common LAMP) - Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Perl - maybe simply make really common, stable web servers, but to many cases, it took real computing knowledge to operate for more stable or advanced usage, for example when you are using a server version of Linux.
 * Windows with Apache MySQL Perl/PHP/Python (also called "WAMP") - use your Windows as a web server.
 * Mac OS X with Apache MySQL Perl/PHP/Python (also called "MAMP") - use your Mac as a web server.

 * Windows,Linux,Solaris and Mac OS X with Apache MySQL Perl/PHP (also called "XAMPP") - XAMPP is also included phpMyAdmin and more(depending upon OS and version).

More

 * Apart from Linux and MacOS X, there are many other Unix systems you could use such as DragonflyBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, PC-BSD and OpenSolaris.
 * lighttpd and nginx are lightweight alternative to Apache that emerged relatively recently and are becoming popular.
 * For Microsoft Windows users, there is IIS also available.

Hosts
First, you will need a host. They store your data and show your website to surfers.

There are many reliable hosts who will host your website for a fixed amount each month/year. This is useful if you're prepared to fork out money for your minuscule little project on such extras as "shopping carts" and scripts which you are never likely to use. Otherwise, get free hosting.

You'll agree, that if you ever decide to make a halfway decent website that you'll actually use, it's a far better idea to invest money into your time. It means stability, and above all (seriously, will you look at the state of some of these sites?), professionalism. I would however advise to start out with a free host, and if your project ever gains momentum, then invest some money into getting good hosting.

Alternatively, you could configure a server out of your own computer. This requires a more-or-less static IP address from your Internet Service Provider (ISP), and strict security policies on your "server." There are services, such as Dynamic DNS that allow you to point a URL that you own to your own computer, no matter what the IP address changes to, but these can be tricky to configure. Running a web server "out of your garage" also has power and up-time implications. The system must be stable enough to provide service at almost any time so that potential visitors will actually be able to access your website.

FTP
FTP stands for file transfer protocol. There are two components to this process: a server, and a client. The server is located on the same machine as the data, usually (for simplicity, we'll assume this scenario). An FTP server accommodates either authenticated or anonymous login. Every web hosting server has an FTP server for remote administration of that web site. The other side is the client, which must send the authentication information (or the username "anonymous" and, typically, an email address as the password). The client pushes or pulls files from the server; all actions initiate on the client, making requests on the server either to accept a file upload to the server or to serve a file for download by the client.

It is important to note that FTP traffic is unencrypted, which means that if someone "snooping" on the line intercepted the string of data coming out of your client box, it would be readable in its original form. The possibility of this snooping is another debate, but there is an encrypted alternative in use on web services that cost a bit more. Secure Shell services (ssh) provide a Secure FTP protocol, by which all the traffic is encrypted, so that an interception of that data would be no compromise to data whatsoever.

Control Panel
Some hosts allow you to control your site from your web browser. This makes the configuration of your site easier, but the actual administration of content should be done with a lower-level protocol, like FTP or Secure FTP (SFTP).

Testing
After the site is online, navigate to your site and see how well it looks and performs. You should find out how it works on all common browsers, with various connections, and operating systems.

Here are some suggestions as to the breakdown of those testing areas:

Note: in latest trend you should also test these on mobile platform such as ipad, iphone, andorid smart phones, blackberry phones.

 * Browsers
 * Internet Explorer for its wide usage
 * Mozilla Firefox
 * Chromium
 * Opera
 * Safari
 * Midori
 * Konqueror

 * Connections
 * Take into account low-bandwidth users, such as 56k connections
 * Take into account proxy-based connections
 * Take into account firewalled users within corporate or educational intranets whose internet access is heavily filtered. The biggest consideration in this category is other servers that are in the chain of connection between your web documents and the end user. Sometimes the packets can become "tainted" in transmission.

 * Operating Systems
 * Microsoft Windows
 * GNU/Linux
 * Macintosh OS X
 * Various BSD

If you have written your site in W3C compliant (X)HTML, you should also get it validated.

Redirect after login
Sites commonly use an URL parameter to return the user to the previously viewed page when logging in or out. On MediaWiki, it is. Other common names used for this parameter are  (“destination”),.

On some sites however, this URL parameter only works when logging in, and redirects to the home page instead when the user is already logged in. For the following reasons, the return redirect should be always working, regardless of whether the user is already logged in or logged out:

 * The user might reload a tab with return URL visited prior to login.
 * On some mobile phone browsers such as Chrome, switching between mobile/desktop viewing modes causes redirects to the current page be re-followed, which would cause an already logged user to be kicked back to the home page rather than the desired page.
 * Return URLs that always work enable invitation URLs that encourage users to log in, but redirect already logged users to the correct target rather than the home page.

title: Web Design/Getting Your Site On the Web


text:
Megan Jones (rugby union)

Megan Jones (born 23 October 1996) is a Welsh and English rugby union player. She debuted for England against New Zealand in 2015. She plays for Leicester Tigers Women at club level.

International career
Jones travelled to the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro as a non-playing reserve for Team GB sevens.

Despite being a Welsh-speaker and growing up in Wales, Jones made her XVs debut for England in July 2015, playing against New Zealand in the Rugby Super Series that year. She then played off the bench in England's 39–6 win over Canada in the Old Mutual Wealth Series.

She was named in the English squad for the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup in Ireland, where she scored the side's opening try (against Spain). She also played in the semi-final versus France and started in the final.

Also in 2017, Jones played in the first two matches of the 2017 International Women's Rugby Series playing at outside centre and inside centre.

In late 2017, Jones joined the England Sevens programme full time. The England Sevens men and women's teams were made redundant in August 2020.

In 2021, she returned to rugby XVs as an invitational player for England in the 2021 Women's Six Nations Championship.

In June 2024, she was named in the British squad for the 2024 Paris Olympics.

Club career
Jones played for Bristol Bears Women until she signed for Wasps Ladies in 2020, where she continues to play as a fly-half and a centre. In 2022, she signed for Premiership Club Leicester Tigers.

Early life and education
Born in Cardiff, Jones was educated at Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf and began her rugby career at Glamorgan Wanderers, aged six.

She studied Sports Science and Management at Hartpury College and went on to receive a BSc Honours in Sport Science and management from Loughborough.

During the 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns, Jones offered free online fitness sessions for kids. She has also been coaching Barnes Women after being made redundant by the Rugby Football Union.

Personal life
Jones is openly lesbian, and is in a same-sex relationship with her England 7s and Leicester Tigers teammate Celia Quansah. The couple represented Great Britain together at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.

title: Megan Jones (rugby union)


text:
Talk:European History/The Crises of the Middle Ages

Sources anyone???
Do you not source things in wikibooks? Methinks this is not the best.

 * Agreed and I also think comments should be signed either by the author or by a bot.  Does anyone know why wikibooks has different standards to wikipedia? LookingGlass (discuss • contribs) 06:56, 15 February 2014 (UTC)

Avignon Papacy
I'm thinking this should be split into multiple sections in some fashion... that's a somewhat large lump of text to read.

I'm going to try this format for now, and will be expanding on the papal paragraphs at some point. I also added a bit on the black death and spoke about french control of their land after the 100 years.

Hundred Years War
I expanded the HYW section a little bit.

John Wycliff(e)
I see from some research that there's some debate as to the correct spelling of his name; however, I suggest that the writers of this text pick one, as it's inconsistent within this module and the next. -Byaina 17:27, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Dealing with bias - NPOV
In line with comments above re Sources, I am concerned about how the Neutral Point of View issue (see: NPOV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) is dealt with on Wikibooks. Without a requiremet for both sources and a NPOV I cannot see how these books will not come to merely either reflect one bias or become incoherent.

For instance, in this Introduction it is stated that:
 * "The turn of the first millennium saw renewed growth and activity, as kings and cities consolidated their authority and began to repopulate lands left empty by Rome's decline."

This cause-effect conclusion seems to be belied by the next sentence which notes that over the previous century saw:
 * "Warmer weather after 900 allowed more land to be brought into food production."

It seems reaonable to conclude that the cause of the renewed growth was climatic not political. A further possible interpretation, that this growth and activity was due to technology is then given:
 * "This was aided by the arrival in Europe of the horse collar from Asia, which increased crop yields by allowing plows to be drawn by horse, rather than by slower oxen.".

We are then informed that:
 * "Despite many local wars and disputes between knights, the High Middle Ages, from 1000-1250, saw growing populations and prosperity"

However I understand that warfare in these times was generally limited, with battles being formal affairs not total warfare involving civilian populations.

I am left with the impression that the narrative of the book is more important than the facts. While the repository of facts provided is helpful in a sense these are available through wikipedia, generally without the interpretative narrative. The result seems to me to be to encourage the distribution and acceptance of a vanilla history that supports the status quo of the culture distributing it. If that is not the objective then I suggest the minimum standards of the sister project be applied here too. LookingGlass (discuss • contribs) 07:30, 15 February 2014 (UTC)


text:
flagellare

Etymology
, probably borrowed.

Verb

 * 1) to whip, flog or scourge
 * 2)  to beat repetitively
 * 3)  to condemn
 * 4)  to torment, to persecute

title: flagellare


text:
The Coiled One

The Coiled One is the second studio album by American electro-industrial group Spahn Ranch, released on September 12, 1995 by Cleopatra Records. Founding member and chief composer Rob Morton departed from the band soon after recording sessions for the album had finished. The album's main musical theme is about religion. The Coiled One was released on Bandcamp as a music download in 2011.

Reception
Jon Worley of Aiding & Abetting called The Coiled One and said "the sound is much fuller and the beats omnipresent" In his review for Allmusic, John Bush awarded The Coiled One three out of five stars and said "Electronic industrialists Spahn Ranch unmask the previously distorted vocals but continue their dance grooves." Sonic Boom said the band "has taken the road paved by many industrial related artists lately and moved their music towards a more accessible audience without compromising one little bit on the sound quality or musical value."

Critic Dave Thompson gave the album a mixed review, saying "tossing away much of their old sound (including the heavily processed vocals) for a sharp teclmo-industrial hybrid, the straight crossovers lack innovation." Black Monday was also somewhat critical in their review and described the music as "nothing mediocre, mind you, just quality sameness or likeness, with a tinge of excitement burgeoning at the seems."

Personnel
Adapted from the liner notes of The Coiled One.

Spahn Ranch
 * Matt Green – sampler, synthesizer, programming, production and mixing (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10), additional production (4, 8)
 * Athan Maroulis – lead vocals, art direction
 * Rob Morton – programming, sampler, synthesizer, production (4–6, 8, 9), mixing (4, 5)

Production and design
 * Nicole Hagedorn (as Nikki Vonhagedorn) – design
 * Judson Leach – recording, mixing, production, additional programming

title: The Coiled One


text:
Janusz Wawrowski

Janusz Wawrowski (born March 22, 1982, in Konin, Poland) is a Polish violinist, lecturer at the Chopin University of Music in Warsaw, and director of multiple violin festivals.

Biography
Wawrowski began playing the violin at the age of 6. He attended the Henryk Wieniawski Music School in Poznań and went on to study at the Chopin University of Music in Warsaw. In his younger life Wawrowski was the student of Mirosław Ławrynowicz, Yair Kless, and Salvatore Accardo. Janusz Wawrowski has performed as a soloist at concerts in the Berlin Philharmonic, Musikverein in Vienna, National Philharmonic in Warsaw, Lithuanian National Philharmonic in Vilnius, Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory in Moscow, Tel Aviv Music Center, Teatro Teresa Carreno in Caracas, and the Stuttgart Philharmonic.

Throughout his career he has collaborated with conductors such as Conrad van Alphen, Łukasz Borowicz, Gabriel Chmura, Mykola Diadiura, Agnieszka Duczmal, Jacek Kaspszyk, Jerzy Maksymiuk, Tomáš Netopil, Juozas Domarkas, Daniel Raiskin, and Antoni Wit.

In 2013 Wawrowski defended his doctoral dissertation in musical arts at the Chopin University of Music in Warsaw. He is currently a lecturer at this university in the department of instrumental studies.

Wawrowski is the director of violin competitions such as Muzyka na Szczytach in Zakopane (2009-2010) and Muzyczne Przestrzenie in Greater-Poland (since 2011).

Wawrowski plays on the first and only Polish-owned Stradivarius since the Second World War. The violin, named Polonia, was gifted to him by Polish business magnate Roman Ziemian. The instrument is said to have been built in1685, and is one of Antonio Stradivari’s best preserved violins which are still in use today. In an interview, Wawrowski stated that Polonia was purchased for around 20 million PLN (about 5 million €).

Awards
In recognition of his achievements in music Wawrowski was awarded with the title of Meritorious for Polish Culture, by the Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage in 2015. Throughout his career he has received many scholarships from the Polish Ministry of Culture.

Wawrowski has participated in many local and international violin competitions. In 1996 he received the 1st place award at the Polish National Contest for Young Violinist’s in Lublin as well as the 2nd place award in the International Violin Competition im. Rodziny Grobliczów in Kraków. Wawrowski won the 3rd place award twice, at the International Competition for Young Violinists in Kloster Schoental, Germany in 1997, and the 3rd place award at the Louis Spohr International Competition for Young Violinists in Freiburg, Germany in 2000. In 2006 he claimed the 3rd place prize at the International Violin Competition dedicated to David Oistrakh in Odesa, Ukraine.

Wawrowski is a two-time recipient of the Polish Fryderyk music award. He was award his first Fryderk in 2017 for his album Sequenza and the second in 2019 for Hidden Violin. Sequenza was later nominated for the International Classical Music Awards in 2018.

Discography

 * 2007: Niccolò Paganini: 24 Caprices Op. 1 (CD Accords)
 * 2016: Niccolò Paganini: 24 Caprices Op. 1 (reissue by Warner Classics)
 * 2016: Sequenza: Luciano Berio, Bjarne Brustad, Grażyna Bacewicz, Krzysztof Penderecki, Eugène Ysaÿe, Tomasz Opałka, and Dariusz Przybylski (Warner Classics)
 * 2017: Brillante with Stuttgart Philharmonic Orchestra: Wieniawski’s Violin Concerto No. 2, Max Bruch's Scottisch Fantasy (Warner Classics)
 * 2019: Hidden Violin with José Gallardo: Henryk Wieniawski, Grażyna Bacewicz, Karol Szymanowski, Ignacy Paderewski, and Mieczysław Karłowicz (Warner Classics)

title: Janusz Wawrowski


text:
Green and black poison dart frog

The green-and-black poison dart frog (Dendrobates auratus), also known as the green-and-black poison arrow frog and green poison frog (among others), is a brightly-colored member of the order Anura native to southern Central America and Colombia. This species has also been introduced to Oahu, Hawaii in an effort to lower mosquito numbers. It is one of the most variably colored species of poison dart frogs, after D. tinctorius, Adelphobates galactonotus and some Oophaga species. From a conservation standpoint, it is considered to be of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Within the reptile and amphibian hobby, D. auratus remains one of the most commonly kept, and easiest-to-breed, dart frogs in captivity, as well as in zoos.

Description

The green-and-black poison dart frog has the typical appearance of the members of its family; males average 0.75 in in snout–vent length, while females are slightly larger, averaging 1 in or longer.

The green-and-black poison dart frog is one of the most variable of all poison frogs in color and pattern. This variation is to some extent individual, but also depend heavily on exact location. Despite the name green-and-black poison dart frog, some variants have no green or no black; a few, like the brown and cream-white Campana variant, may have neither green nor black. However, most often, green-and-black poison dart frogs have a highly variable, spotted or banded pattern in vivid mint-green coloration, but this can also be a darker green, forest-green, lime, emerald, turquoise, or even blue, whitish or pale yellow. Mixed with this are splotches of dark or dull coloring, most often blackish, but ranging from whitish-brown and bronzy brown to dark brown and pure black. The amount of dark or dull coloring varies greatly (certain variants are entirely black, or dark with only a few small green spots or streaks) and may appear as large or small spots or blotches, or as a dappled or "splashed" pattern.

Distribution
The green-and-black poison dart frog is found in humid lowland and submontane forests at altitudes of 0-1000 m in southeastern Nicaragua on the Atlantic slope, eastern Costa Rica on the Atlantic slope and in the southwest on the Pacific slope, widely in Panamá, and into far northwestern Colombia in the Chocó Department. An introduced population exists on Oahu, in Hawaii;   the species was intentionally introduced there, in 1932, for mosquito control. Later on, it seems to have also become established on Maui.

Poison
The green-and-black poison dart frog, while not the most toxic poison dart frog, is still a highly toxic animal. The very small amount of poison the frog possesses is enough to make a human heart stop beating. The green-and-black poison dart frog, as with all poison dart frogs, loses its toxicity in captivity due to a change in diet. This has led some scientists to believe that the green-and-black poison frog actually takes its poison from the mites, springtails, ants and other insects (such as beetles and flies) on which it feeds.

Behavior
The green-and-black poison dart frog is semi-arboreal, hunting, courting, and sleeping in the trees. Like other dart frogs, they spend much time in the shallow pools of water created in the cup-like leaves of bromeliad plants. The same plants often serve as nurseries for tadpoles. The small pools offer little access to nutrients so the tadpoles often engage in cannibalism. As it is a tiny frog, it cannot obviously leap from branch to branch in the treetops, thus it returns to the ground when it wants to travel. Once on the ground, frogs may travel several miles in an effort to breed, find feeding grounds, or to take care of tadpoles. To assist in climbing, the frog has small, sucker-like discs on the ends of its toes, which create a slight suction as the frogs climb, making their grip mildly adhesive.

Reproduction
Unlike other poison dart frogs, green-and-black poison dart frogs gather in large groups before mating. They squabble over territories; eventually, each individual male frog clears a small patch for himself. Females wander among the males, with the latter then attempting to impress the former with their bird-like mating calls. Captive female green-and-black poison dart frogs are known to fight amongst themselves in the presence of calling males. Once a male has caught the attention of a female, he leads her to a site he has selected for egg deposition. The female lays her eggs, which he then fertilizes. In about 14 days, these hatch into tadpoles. Their parents, typically the male, then carry the tadpoles into the canopy, with the tadpoles sticking to the mucus on their parents' backs. The parents then deposit their tadpoles into the small pools of water that accumulate in the center of bromeliads, and guard the tadpoles while they feed on algae and small invertebrates that inhabit the tiny pool.

As pets

Green-and-black poison dart frogs are popular exotic pets due to their small size, bright colors, and intriguing behavior. When they are in captive or zoo settings they are fed crickets, fruit flies. This causes the green-and-black poison dart frog to lose most, if not all, of its toxicity.

title: Green and black poison dart frog


text:
User:Satchfan

I am a 17 year old Australian High School student with a keen interest in Performance Arts, predominantly Music and Film.

=Articles Started=

 * Checkers (novel) - I started this article after reading the novel during my study periods in the school library. It still needs and info box and some fix ups with the language
 * The Gathering (novel) - This is one of my all time favourite books and I was shocked to find there was no article on it. This article's turned out pretty good, thanx to the help of all who contributed :)
 * Characters in "Daria" - This I started out of necessity. It was just taking way too much space to put them all in the main Daria article. Plus I love the show
 * Stacy Rowe - My first ever WikiArticle. I can take it or leave it.

=Articles of Great Interest=

 * Cube (film) - Despite many, many bad reviews from critics and friends alike, I love this film to pieces. I've tried to fix this article up and incite others to fix it up because it's really messy and I think it's gotten better
 * Daria - My first semi-WikiProject. I was a heavy contributer and polisher of this article in my early days
 * Mario - I am a huge huge huge fan of the game franchise and I think this is a really good, tight article.

title: User:Satchfan


text:
User:Kaustubhhirve/sandbox

Martian Moon Exploration
The mission will travel to Mars and survey the red planet’s two moons; Phobos and Deimos. The spacecraft will explore both moons and collect a sample from one of the moons to bring back to Earth. ISAS/JAXA plan to launch the orbiter in early 2020s. In order to retrieve the samples, the spacecraft will need to complete a roundtrip to Mars, circle around the moon and land on its surface. The most complex and risky parts of this mission are the operations around the moons and the descent and landing. These heavily constrain the system design and have involved an in-depth study from the earliest stages of the mission. The primary mission objective is to distinguish between the two leading hypotheses for the origin of Phobos and Deimos. The first of thesesuggests the moons are captured primitive asteroids, while the second proposes that they are the agglomerated fragments of a giant impact event on Mars. The second objective is to characterise the conditions on and around the moons. This includes surface processes on Phobos and Deimos, the nature of the circum-Martian environment (the region where objects orbit around the planet) and the global and temporal dynamics of Mars’s atmosphere, such as dust, ice, clouds and water vapour.

Mission Objectives
Mars is the outermost rocky planet in our Solar System and marks the boundary between terrestrial planets with solid surfaces and thin atmospheres, and the gas giants worlds like Jupiter and Saturn.

Understanding the origin of our fourth planet’s moons will give clues to how the planets formed around our Sun and in turn, around other stars. If captured, these small satellites are evidence of the material that was scattered inwards towards the Sun by the gas giant planets. This would make them kin to the meteorites that struck the early Earth and possibly delivered water and organic compounds to our planet. Alternatively, Phobos and Deimos may be the remnants of a giant collision with Mars that threw material from the Martian surface to accumulate into the two moons. In this case, the moons may be a time capsule for early Martian conditions and reveal details on the giant impact process that is also thought to have formed our own Moon.

The goal of the mission is to reveal the origin of the Martian moons and progress our understanding of planetary system formation and primordial material transport around the boundary between the inner- and outer- early Solar System.

Preliminary Mission Schedule
Main points are discussed below:
 * Launch: September 2024

 * Mars Arrival: August 2025

 * Mars Departure: August 2028
 * Return to Earth: July 2029

Probe

 * Nominal science payloads
 * Neutron and Gamma-ray Spectrometer (NGRS)
 * Wide Angle Multiband Camera (WAM)
 * Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS)
 * Telescopic Camera (TL)
 * Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)
 * Circum-Martian Dust Monitor (CMDM)
 * Mass Spectrum Analyzer (MSA)

title: User:Kaustubhhirve/sandbox


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Electoral results for the district of Bowral

Bowral, an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales was created in 1894 and abolished in 1904.


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Pioneer CLD-D703

The Pioneer CLD-D703, or the CLD-D770 in non-North American marketplaces, was a part of Pioneer's 700 Series of upper mid-range LaserDisc players. It evolved into the CLD-D704.

Background
Pioneer introduced the CLD-D703 to fit in between the CLD-D503, a mid-range player, and the more expensive models in their Elite lineup. Although lacking an AC-3 RF output for transmission of Dolby Digital sound, it did include a 51db video signal-to-noise ratio, 116db audio signal-to-noise ratio, quick Gamma-Turn side flip, digital field memory, one shot memory (for displaying a frame as a background), coaxial and TOSLINK audio outputs, adjustable digital noise reduction, digital time base correction, twin 1-bit DLC digital-to-analog converters, and a backlit remote control with jog dial. This model is also a combi player, meaning it could also play Compact Disc and CD Video via an independent standard CD-sized tray. For 1995, Pioneer upgraded the player, adding the AC-3 RF output and rebranding it as the CLD-D704. Pioneer used the CLD-D703/704 hardware for two other Elite lineup players: the CLD-79, which had different electroluminescent front panel placement, gold-plated RCA jacks, and slightly higher audio signal-to-noise ratio; and the CLD-99, similar to the CLD-79 but with an improved 3D comb filter that worked via the S-Video output to increase picture quality.

After the discontinuation of this model, the CLD-D704, CLD-79 and 99, Pioneer began abandoning LaserDisc in 1996 with the release of the DVD format set for the following year.

title: Pioneer CLD-D703