text:
Insurance and annuities

Chapter 1
1. Insurance is risk protection in economical terms. Purpose is to hedge risk by compensating in the event of financial loss, not to provide an opportunity for financial gain.

2. Risk is uncertainty about the future.

3. Risk Management 4. Types of Risk Covered
 * Two types: speculative and pure
 * Speculative involves three outcomes:
 * Loss
 * Gain
 * No change
 * Pure involves no possibility of gain.
 * Either a loss or no loss.
 * Possibility of economic loss without the possibility of gain is pure risk
 * Only Pure risks can be insured.
 * Involves identifying risk, assessing risk and dealing with risk
 * In order to do eliminate or reduce expose to financial risk four things can be done:
 * Avoiding risk
 * Controlling risk – prevention or reduction of losses i.e. installing fire and smoke detectors
 * Accepting risk
 * Self-insurance – risk-management technique which accepts financial responsibility for loss
 * Transferring risk – shifting risk to another party in exchange for fee such as insurance
 * Insurance policy is document that contains terms of agreement between insurance company and owner of the policy
 * Policy benefit or policy proceeds provide that insurer receives a specific amount of money called a premium for accepting transfer of risk.
 * Property damage risk covers property damage due to such things as accident, theft, fire etc.
 * Liability risk includes economic losses from being held responsible for harming others or their property.
 * Personal risk includes risks of economic loss associated with death, poor health and outliving one’s savings.

Insurers for property and liability are called property-casualty or property-liability insurance companies. Property insurance covers insured property while liability insurance covers a party who is legally responsible for unintentionally harming others or their property.

Insurers for policies that provide financial security from personal risk are life and health insurance companies. These companies assume or accept the transferred risk from the insured.

Risk pooling – pools together individuals who may suffer a certain loss. The costs are then spread out among those individuals.

“If the economic losses that actually result from a given peril, such as disability, can be shared by large numbers of people who are all subject to such losses and the probability of loss is relatively small for each person, then the cost to each person will be relatively small.”

Insurability of Risks
Terms:

 * Applicant: applies for policy; either person(s) or business.
 * Policyowner: owns the policy; typically applicant
 * Insured: person whose life or health is insured
 * Third-part policy: insurance policy that on person purchase on life of another
 * Beneficiary: receives policy benefit if event insured against occurs

Insurable interest requirement: only pure risks are insurable. Insurance not intended for financial opportunity for gain. Must have an insurable interest in the likelihood that policyowner or beneficiary will suffer loss or detriment if event insured against occurs.

Insurable interest in health insurance – typically only for themselves and dependents.

Assessing Degree of Risk

 * Antiselection: tendency of individuals who believe they have a greater-than average likelihood of loss to seek greater insurance than those who do not.
 * Underwriting: process of identifying and assessing risks. Two stages:
 * identifying risks that proposed insured represents
 * classifying the degree of risk that a proposed insured represents

Identifying Risks

 * Physical hazard is a characteristic (e.g. history of heart disease) that increase likelihood of loss.
 * Moral hazard is chance that person involved in insurance transaction will act dishonestly.

Classifying risks enables insurers to categorize risks in order to determine equitable premium rate for coverage. Generally, four categories of proposed insureds:
 * Standard risk: normal chance of risk
 * Substandard risk: significantly greater risk. Has higher than standard premium.
 * Declined risk: risk too great to insure.
 * Preferred risk: significantly less risk. May have less than standard premium.

Characteristics of Insurable Risks
In order for a risk to be insurable it much have certain characteristics.

 * 1) The loss must occur by chance.
 * 2) The loss must be definite.
 * 3) Loss must be definite in terms of time and amount.
 * 4) Insurer must be able to determine when and how much.
 * 5) The loss must be significant
 * 6) The loss rate must be predictable.
 * 7) Must be able to predict probable rate of loss.
 * 8) Loss rate is prediction of number and timing of covered losses.
 * 9) This determines proper premium.
 * 10) Loss rates are based not upon individuals but a given large group.
 * 11) Probability and the law of large numbers
 * 12) In terms of death, probability and LLN is used to make mortality tables display the rates of mortality by age in a given group of people.
 * 13) Rates of morbidity (morbidity tables) are rates of sickness and accident by age in a given group of people.
 * 14) The loss must not be catastrophic to the insurer.
 * 15) Can not cause catastrophic financial damage to insurer.
 * 16) To prevent catastrophic financial damage, insurers spread risks
 * 17) Can also transfer risk to another insurer via reinsurance.
 * 18) A ceding company is the original insurer
 * 19) To cede is to obtain reinsurance by transferring all or part of risk to reinsurer.
 * 20) Retention limit is maximum amount of insurance that insurer is willing to carry at own risk on any one life. Reinsuring distributes those risks among many insurance companies.
 * 21) Retrocession is reinsurer ceding risk to another reinsurer. Reinsurer of reinsurer is called retrocessionaire.

Side note: Every insurance policy either a contract of indemnity or a valued contract. Contract of indemnity: amount of the policy benefit payable for a covered loss is based on the actual amount of financial loss that results from loss. Insured receives either amount of financial loss or maximum state in policy, which ever is less. Valued contract: specifies the amount of the benefit that will be payable when a covered loss occurs regardless of actual loss. This is the death benefit or face amount/value.

quiz
{Insurance is primarily for: + Compensating in the event of financial loss - Providing an opportunity for financial gain - Investing in stocks - Saving for retirement
 * type="[]"}
 * Correct! Insurance is meant to hedge risk by compensating in the event of financial loss.
 * Incorrect. Insurance is not meant to provide an opportunity for financial gain.
 * Incorrect. Insurance is not primarily for investing in stocks.
 * Incorrect. While some insurance products can have savings components, the primary purpose of insurance is risk protection.

{Risk is: + Uncertainty about the future - Always leading to financial gain - A guaranteed loss - Only about financial matters
 * type="[]"}
 * Correct! Risk is the uncertainty about the future.
 * Incorrect. Risk can lead to loss, gain, or no change.
 * Incorrect. Risk is not a guaranteed loss.
 * Incorrect. Risk can be about various aspects, not just financial.

{Which type of risk involves no possibility of gain? + Pure - Speculative - Financial - Operational
 * type="[]"}
 * Correct! Pure risk involves no possibility of gain.
 * Incorrect. Speculative risk can lead to loss, gain, or no change.
 * Incorrect. Financial is not a type of risk in this context.
 * Incorrect. Operational is not a type of risk in this context.

{Which of the following is NOT a method of risk management? - Installing fire and smoke detectors - Accepting risk + Investing in stocks - Transferring risk
 * type="[]"}
 * Incorrect. Installing fire and smoke detectors is a method of controlling risk.
 * Incorrect. Accepting risk is a method of risk management.
 * Correct! Investing in stocks is not a method of risk management in this context.
 * Incorrect. Transferring risk is a method of risk management.

{Which type of insurance company provides financial security from personal risks? + Life and health insurance companies - Property-casualty insurance companies - Auto insurance companies - Travel insurance companies
 * type="[]"}
 * Correct! Life and health insurance companies provide financial security from personal risks.
 * Incorrect. Property-casualty insurance companies cover property and liability risks.
 * Incorrect. Auto insurance is a subset of property-casualty insurance.
 * Incorrect. Travel insurance is a specific type of insurance and not primarily for personal risks.

{Which hazard increases the likelihood of loss due to a characteristic, such as a history of heart disease? + Physical hazard - Moral hazard - Financial hazard - Operational hazard
 * type="[]"}
 * Correct! A physical hazard is a characteristic that increases the likelihood of loss.
 * Incorrect. Moral hazard is the chance that a person involved in an insurance transaction will act dishonestly.
 * Incorrect. Financial hazard is not mentioned in the provided material.
 * Incorrect. Operational hazard is not mentioned in the provided material.

{For a risk to be insurable, which of the following is NOT a required characteristic? - The loss must occur by chance - The loss rate must be predictable + The loss must always be catastrophic - The loss must be significant
 * type="[]"}
 * Incorrect. This is a required characteristic for a risk to be insurable.
 * Incorrect. This is a required characteristic for a risk to be insurable.
 * Correct! The loss must NOT be catastrophic to the insurer.
 * Incorrect. This is a required characteristic for a risk to be insurable.

{What is the term for the original insurer that transfers all or part of a risk to a reinsurer? + Ceding company - Retrocessionaire - Policyowner - Beneficiary
 * type="[]"}
 * Correct! The original insurer that transfers risk to a reinsurer is called a ceding company.
 * Incorrect. A retrocessionaire is a reinsurer of a reinsurer.
 * Incorrect. The policyowner is the one who owns the insurance policy.
 * Incorrect. The beneficiary is the one who receives the policy benefit if the insured event occurs.

Chapter 2 – The Life and Health Insurance Industry
Insurance companies must be corporations to provide stability and security. •	Are either stock insurance companies or mutual insurance companies. •	Mutual insurance companies are owned by policyowners and policy dividends may be distributed. •	Stock insurance companies may convert to mutuals through mutualziation and mutual insurance company may convert to stocks insurance companies via demutualization.

Organizational operations •	Home office is generally located in state of incorporation and houses executive officers •	Regional office offers same functions and operations as home but is located geographically closer to market it serves. •	Field office is local sales office and receives support from home and regional.

Insurance company as financial institution •	Financial institutions accept savings and give loans •	Financial services industry is made of financial institutions and help save, borrow, invest and manage money.

Individual vs. group insurance.

Term, permanent and endowment life insurance. Some have annuity options.

Health insurance – two types: 1.	Medical expense coverage 2.	Disability income coverage

Fraternal benefit societies provide social and insurance benefits to members. Often share common ethnic, religious or vocational background.

quiz
{Insurance companies must be ________ to provide stability and security. + corporations - partnerships - sole proprietorships - associations
 * type="[]"}
 * Correct! Insurance companies must be corporations to ensure stability and security.
 * Incorrect. Partnerships do not provide the same level of stability and security as corporations.
 * Incorrect. Sole proprietorships do not provide the same level of stability and security as corporations.
 * Incorrect. Associations are not the primary structure for insurance companies.

{Stock insurance companies can convert to mutuals through ________. + mutualization - demutualization - incorporation - diversification
 * type="[]"}
 * Correct! This is the process by which stock insurance companies convert to mutuals.
 * Incorrect. Demutualization is the process by which mutual insurance companies convert to stock insurance companies.
 * Incorrect. Incorporation is the process of forming a corporation.
 * Incorrect. Diversification is not related to the conversion of insurance companies.

{The ________ office is generally located in the state of incorporation and houses executive officers. + Home - Regional - Field - Branch
 * type="[]"}
 * Correct! The home office is where the executive officers are typically located.
 * Incorrect. The regional office offers functions similar to the home office but is geographically closer to its market.
 * Incorrect. The field office is a local sales office.
 * Incorrect. This option is not mentioned in the material.

{Financial institutions accept ________ and give ________. + savings | loans - loans | savings - investments | dividends - deposits | interest
 * type="[]"}
 * Correct! Financial institutions accept savings and provide loans.
 * Incorrect. This is the opposite of the correct answer.
 * Incorrect. This is not the primary function of financial institutions.
 * Incorrect. While related, this does not capture the primary functions mentioned.

{Which type of insurance is NOT mentioned in the material? - auto insurance + term life insurance + permanent life insurance + health insurance
 * type="[]"}
 * Correct! Auto insurance is not mentioned in the material.
 * Incorrect. Term life insurance is mentioned.
 * Incorrect. Permanent life insurance is mentioned.
 * Incorrect. Health insurance is mentioned.

{Fraternal benefit societies often share a common ________. + ethnic, religious or vocational background - financial goal - geographic location - age group
 * type="[]"}
 * Correct! These societies are often formed based on shared backgrounds.
 * Incorrect. Financial goals are not the primary basis for forming these societies.
 * Incorrect. Geographic location is not the primary basis for forming these societies.
 * Incorrect. Age is not the primary basis for forming these societies.

Chapter 3 – Meeting Needs for Life and Health Insurance
Reasons for individual life insurance •	Final expenses and estate planning •	Dependent support •	Education costs •	Retirement Income •	Investment Income •	Tax deductible benefits from charitable donations

Reasons for business owners to purchase life insurance and/or annuity products •	Provides funds to ensure business continues in event of death of owner, partner or key person •	Purchase for life insurance and annuity products for employees

Business continuation insurance Business continuation insurance plan (BCIP) allows businesses to continue operation following death of owner or key person. Important to closely held business such as sole proprietorship, partnership. Ways BCIPs can fund the purchase of a deceased owner’s or partner’s share in business: Buy-sell agreements provides that (1) first party agrees to purchase the financial interest in a second party following second parties death, and (2) second party agrees to direct estate to sell business interest to first party. Sole proprietorship buy-sell agreements generally sale to employee. However employee may not have assets to purchase. Life insurance policy on sole proprietor paid for by employee could provide assets. Partnership buy-sell agreements establishes terms on which a deceased partner’s share would be purchased by surviving partners. Two ways: Cross-purchase method provides that surviving partner(s) purchase predetermined proportionate shares of deceased partner’s interest. Could be funded by purchasing insurance on life of other partners. Entity method provides that the partnership purchases deceased partners shares and distributes shares among surviving partners. Again, life insurance purchased by partnership could be used to fund this. Closely held corporation buy-sell agreements often resemble partnership buy-sell agreements and utilize the cross-purchase or entity method of purchase. Key person (or employee) life insurance is insurance that business purchases on life of a person whose contributions are needed for business to continue.

Life insurance and annuity products as employee benefits come in both group and individual plans and are either whole paid for by the company or costs are split. Split-dollar life insurance plan are policies provided for select employees such as owners, officers etc. The employer and employee agree to share costs and is a form of permanent insurance. Employer receives what it paid in premiums and employee’s beneficiary will receive rest. Deferred compensation plans provide income benefits to an employee at a later date. Is funded by a portion of employees salary.

Health insurance includes both medical expense insurance and disability income insurance and can be purchased in both individual and group plans. Used as benefit for employee or to protect business from financial loss caused by employee’s illness injury or disability (typically sole proprietorship or partnership).

quiz
{One of the reasons for individual life insurance is to cover ________.
 * type="[]"}

+ Final expenses and estate planning - Provides funds to ensure business continues in event of death of owner, partner or key person - Business continuation insurance plan (BCIP) - Split-dollar life insurance plan
 * Correct! This is one of the reasons for individual life insurance.
 * Incorrect. This is a reason for business owners to purchase life insurance.
 * Incorrect. BCIP is a plan for businesses, not an individual reason.
 * Incorrect. This is a type of life insurance plan for select employees.

{Business continuation insurance plan (BCIP) is important for ________.
 * type="[]"}

+ closely held business such as sole proprietorship, partnership - individual life insurance - group plans of life insurance - medical expense insurance
 * Correct! BCIP is crucial for these types of businesses.
 * Incorrect. BCIP is for businesses, not individuals.
 * Incorrect. BCIP is specific to certain types of businesses.
 * Incorrect. Medical expense insurance is a type of health insurance.

{In a sole proprietorship buy-sell agreement, the sale is generally to ________.
 * type="[]"}

+ an employee - a partner - the company - a third-party business
 * Correct! Sole proprietorship buy-sell agreements generally involve a sale to an employee.
 * Incorrect. Partnerships have different buy-sell agreements.
 * Incorrect. This is not typical for a sole proprietorship.
 * Incorrect. The general sale is to an employee in this context.

{In partnership buy-sell agreements, one way to fund the purchase of a deceased partner’s share is through ________.
 * type="[]"}

+ purchasing insurance on the life of other partners - deferred compensation plans - split-dollar life insurance plan - medical expense insurance
 * Correct! This is the Cross-purchase method.
 * Incorrect. This is a way to provide income benefits to an employee at a later date.
 * Incorrect. This is a type of life insurance plan for select employees.
 * Incorrect. This is a type of health insurance.

{Split-dollar life insurance plans are policies provided for ________.
 * type="[]"}

+ select employees such as owners, officers etc. - all employees in a company - sole proprietors only - partners in a partnership
 * Correct! These plans are for specific employees.
 * Incorrect. It's not for all employees, but select ones.
 * Incorrect. It's not exclusive to sole proprietors.
 * Incorrect. It's not exclusive to partners.

{Deferred compensation plans are funded by ________.
 * type="[]"}

+ a portion of an employee's salary - the company's profits - life insurance policies - medical expense insurance
 * Correct! These plans use a part of the employee's salary.
 * Incorrect. It's not typically funded by company profits.
 * Incorrect. These are different financial instruments.
 * Incorrect. This is a type of health insurance.

{Health insurance can be used to protect a business from financial loss caused by an employee’s ________.
 * type="[]"}

+ illness, injury, or disability - resignation or retirement - lack of skill or incompetence - legal disputes or lawsuits
 * Correct! Health insurance can cover these events.
 * Incorrect. Health insurance doesn't cover these scenarios.
 * Incorrect. Health insurance doesn't cover performance issues.
 * Incorrect. This would require a different type of insurance.

Chapter 4 – Regulation of the Insurance Industry
Primary goals of insurance industry regulation are ensure companies remain solvent and conduct business fairly and ethically.

In US, state governments have primary authority to regulate insurance industry.

title: Insurance and annuities


text:
Template:User oops

Alternate versions of this template:
 * User oops/him — Male-specific
 * User oops/her — Female-specific
 * User oops/I — First person

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Template:User oops


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Wikiversity talk:Essay Contests

Can you provide an example of what you expect as an essay? --JWSchmidt 02:03, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

IBC Essay Contest
The Interlingual Beta Club would like entries that answer the question: The winning entry will be used as the introduction to the Translator's Handbook. This essay should encourage, inspire, inform and motivate those who are, or wish to become translators at Wikiversity. Announce and post a link to your essay at Wikiversity talk:Interlingual Beta Club. Good Luck! CQ 15:46, 23 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Why is language translation important?
 * Maybe We could display the winner at the Community Portal or something as well.--Rayc 00:41, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity talk:Essay Contests


text:
Collegiate School (New Jersey)

Collegiate School is a private coeducational day school located in Passaic, New Jersey, United States. Established in 1895, the school serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. The school has an enrollment of about 160 students. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Secondary Schools since 1974.

As of the 2017–18 school year, the school had an enrollment of 49 students (plus 5 in Pre-K) and 7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 6.3:1. The school's student body was 52.3% (23) Hispanic, 22.7% (10) White, 13.6% (6) Asian and 11.4% (5) Black.

The school aims to provide "a safe, individual oriented environment that stresses basic skills, positive attitudes, values and academic growth." Collegiate is a member of the New Jersey Association of Independent Schools.

Notable alumni

 * Frances Goodrich (1890-1984), dramatist and screenwriter, best known for her collaborations with her partner and husband Albert Hackett.
 * Carl Ruiz (1975-2019), restaurant owner and celebrity chef, best known as a judge on various cooking competition shows on the Food Network.

title: Collegiate School (New Jersey)


text:
Starfingers

Starfingers is an album by guitarist Sal Salvador that was recorded in 1978 and released on the Bee Hive label.

Reception
The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow stated: "After years of low-profile teaching and playing, guitarist Sal Salvador started to re-emerge on a more national basis in 1978. ... An excellent modern bop album."

Personnel

 * Sal Salvador – guitar
 * Eddie Bert – trombone (tracks 1, 3, 4 & 6)
 * Nick Brignola – baritone saxophone (tracks 1, 3, 4 & 6)
 * Derek Smith – piano
 * Sam Jones – bass
 * Mel Lewis – drums

title: Starfingers


text:
Sharp Place, Tennessee

Sharp Place is an unincorporated community in Fentress County, in the U.S. state of Tennessee.

History
The community was likely named for one or more members of the Sharp family, who were known to be residing in the area in the mid-19th century.

title: Sharp Place, Tennessee


text:
Talk:Hermione Gulliford

External links modified (January 2018)
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title: Talk:Hermione Gulliford


text:
Category:Verwall Alps

The Verwall Alps (or Verwall Group) is a subgroup of the Central Alps in the Eastern Alps. It is located in Austria in the states of Vorarlberg and Tyrol.

The boundary for the region is based on the definition of the Central Alps and its subdivision into individual ranges according to the Alpine Club classification of the Eastern Alps (AVE).

Under this system the Verwall Group is bounded by the following line: Bludenz – Klostertal – Stuben – Arlberg Pass – Stanzer Tal as far as Wiesberg – Paznauntal – Zeinisbach – Zeinisjoch – Partenen – Ill to Bludenz.

Recent changes to articles in this category may be found here: New or revised articles.

title: Category:Verwall Alps


text:
sgualdrina

Etymology
From a term meaning "woman of the gualdàna". Gualdàna is a historical term used for a brigade or group of hunters who patrolled a  "forest ".

Noun

 * 1) trollop, slut

title: sgualdrina


text:
The British Journal of Social Work

The British Journal of Social Work is a peer-reviewed academic journal with a focus on social work in the UK. It is published eight times a year by Oxford Journals for the British Association of Social Workers (BASW). The journal was first published in 1971 which was the year after BASW was formed.

The British Association of Social Workers Kay McDougall British Journal of Social Work Prize is given annually to the author of the best article in the journal. In 2021 it was given to Cynthia Okpokiri for her article about "Parenting in fear: Child welfare micro strategies of Nigerian parents in Britain".

In 2021 the joint editors-in-chief were Reima Ana Maglajlic (University of Sussex) and Vasilios Ioakimidis (University of Essex). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 1.884.

title: The British Journal of Social Work


text:
Talk:Electronics/Prereq

How is multivariable calculus more important than calculus?

I don't know either. - maxpower 02:07, 9 Jun 2004 (UTC)

As the Mathematics section is not in alphabetical order, I've ordered by decreasing importance. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 07:57, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Electronics/Prereq


text:
User:Dorfkaiser/Books/Kikuk crude oil

Kikuk crude oil

 * Main Page
 * Petroleum
 * Iraqi Kurdistan
 * Kurdistan Regional Government
 * Kirkuk
 * Oil reserves in Iraq
 * Kirkuk–Ceyhan Oil Pipeline
 * Kirkuk–Baniyas pipeline
 * Hunt Oil Company
 * Marathon Oil
 * Western Oil Sands
 * Heritage Oil

title: User:Dorfkaiser/Books/Kikuk crude oil


text:
User:Thom0236/sandbox

Fatal Light Awareness Program (F.L.A.P)
The Fatal Light Awareness Program (FLAP) is a volunteer organization created in 1993 and based out of Toronto[1] whos foremost goal is capturing birds trapped within city centers and transporting them to wildlife areas. The program also seeks to capture injured birds and assist them in hopes of rebilitating them and releasing them into the wild. While the organization is commited to resucing and rehabilitating birds that have come into contact with buildings, FLAP is also an educational body as they seek to educate the public on the problems buildings and their lights pose to migrating birds[2] through Bird-skyscraper collisions.

Issues FLAP Addresses
FLAP estimates that between 100 million to 1 billion birds are killed through collisions with buildings each year. During the night lights from buildings cause migrating birds to fly towards them leading to collide with the building. Additionally, FLAP states that day time bird-building encounters are even more of a threat than night time. This increased danger is caused by reflections in the windows of buildings causing migrating birds see the sky or trees but not the glass itself leading to more collisions.

Solutions
The organization is the first of it's kind to adress Bird-skyscraper collisions through multiple facets. The first of which being the collection of fallen birds in an attempt to rehabilitate them and release them back into the wild, as well as birds that are trapped within the city. FLAP also addresses the issue itself which is large buildings and the light they emit as well as the relections caused by the glass, by increasing public awareness on the subject. Those that contact FLAP regarding an issue are offered short term solutions as well as cost-effective ways of reducing their effect on migrating birds. The organization continues to rescue and treat injured birds, but through this education hopes to decrease the overall number of accidents each year, with these accidents accounting for billions of bird deaths annually across the world.

Research
While the bird rescue and rehabilitation, as well as education on the topic is a large part of FLAP's purpose, they also seek to prevent these types of accidents all together. By working with architects, designers, window film manufacturers, and enviromental groups, the organization seeks to create technology and techniques to prevent this collisions all together. This is not a simple task however, as these technologies and techniques need to be cost-effective and attractive to corporations in order to convince them to take measures to prevent these bird deaths.

title: User:Thom0236/sandbox


text:
User:Boborok

Wikipedia eh?

 * http://www.archive.org/details/20060408-jscott-wikipedia - Jason Scott's talk: The Great Failure of Wikipedia
 * http://www.aetherometry.com/antiwikipedia2/awp2_index.html - Antiwikipedia 2

Pages archived

 * ...before possible deletion

 * /Archive/Talk:Zeus_Web_Server

title: User:Boborok


text:
Dionysius II, Metropolitan of Belgrade

Dionysius II (Dionisije II) was the Eastern Orthodox Metropolitan of Belgrade from 1813 to 1815.

Biography
Metropolitan Dionisije Nišlija (birth name: Dimitrije Popović) was Reşid Mehmed Pasha's dragoman (interpreter). Reşid Mehmed Pasha was the commander of Niš for years during the time of Karađorđe's Serbia.

Dionisije was an Orthodox priest in Niš. Reşid Mehmed Pasha brought him to Belgrade, and as a Serb, he was counting on Dionisje to be calming influence among the rayah. Dionisije succeeded the fugitive Metropolitan Leontius (Lambrović) at the chair of the Metropolitanate of Belgrade. He was the Metropolitan of Belgrade and Srem. He carried out his mission responsibly in the name of the Serbian people by founding schools throughout Serbia

A berat (charter/license) appointment from Mahmud II (1808-1839) was received on 7 November 1813. The berat stated: that the Greek patriarch and his synod elected Metropolitan Dionysius, and they begged the sultan to confirm the same person and to issue him a berat,'' and he would lay the usual pawn for the metropolitan dignity for the royal treasury. The Sultan then ordered that the episcopal protocols kept in the imperial treasury (the treasury) be reviewed, and then he confirmed the elected Dionysius as the Metropolitan of Belgrade, ordering him to pay the usual sum of 21,000 aspri for the berat. Dionysius, as the regional metropolitan, is given the power to appoint and overthrow bishops and priests, the right to unhindered administration of churches and monasteries, disciplinary authority over bishops, monks and priests, as well as the right to inherit bequeathed property from the Orthodox. The Metropolitan, further, has the right to buy peace from bishops, monks and priests and other faithful, to which he has the first according to the existing canons and berets.''

Dionsije died in Belgrade at the end of October 1815.

authors: نوفاك اتشمان

title: Dionysius II, Metropolitan of Belgrade


text:
Dmitriyevka, Altai Krai

Dmitriyevka (Дмитриевка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Lenkovsky Selsoviet, Blagoveshchensky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 94 as of 2013. There is 1 street.

Geography
Dmitriyevka is located 65 km northeast of Blagoveshchenka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Lenki is the nearest rural locality.

title: Dmitriyevka, Altai Krai


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Inke

The result was delete. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk, contributions) 19:09, 11 October 2017 (UTC)

Inke

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Fails to note WP:GNG within the article. Shaded0 (talk) 20:22, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Internet-related deletion discussions.  M assiveYR   ♠  20:34, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Software-related deletion discussions.  M assiveYR   ♠  20:34, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of China-related deletion discussions.  M assiveYR   ♠  20:34, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks,  MBisanz  talk 02:31, 27 September 2017 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
 * Delete: the only non-paywalled source that isn't cited in the article that gives significant coverage is this. While the app is the primary topic of the article, I think the overall coverage it has received fails software notability standards.    Dr Strauss   talk   14:26, 1 October 2017 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Optakeover (U)(T)(C) 04:53, 4 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Delete confirms some prevalence and existence, but not notability. Capitals00 (talk) 09:53, 9 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Inke


text:
Talk:Dayle Haddon

Ryan Haddon's age
If Ryan Haddon is Dayle's Haddon only daughter, and if she is really born in 1971, how could she be 15 in 1991? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:36, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

I suppose Dayle sent this story out to make herself look more sympathetic. She's a marketer, after all. I'm sure the daughter would love to be six years younger on Wiki, but she has made no attempt to correct her date of birth to the mid-70s.

Incidentally, this page seems to have been written by someone who is writing in their second language. Just saying! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:55, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Dayle Haddon


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491 (film)

491 is a 1964 Swedish black-and-white drama film directed by Vilgot Sjöman, based on a novel by Lars Görling. The story is about a group of youth criminals who are chosen to participate in a social experiment in which they are assigned to live together in an apartment while being supervised by two forgiving social workers. The film's tagline is: "It is written that 490 times you can sin and be forgiven. This motion picture is about the 491st."

This controversial film, which featured a male homosexual rape scene, was first banned in Sweden, but was rereleased after reediting. One of the excised scenes depicted a woman being raped by a dog. The film was also banned in Norway until 1971. The British Board of Film Classification refused to certify the film in 1968, meaning it can not be distributed in the United Kingdom.

Cast

 * Lars Lind as Krister
 * Leif Nymark as Nisse
 * Stig Törnblom as Egon
 * Lars Hansson as Pyret
 * Sven Algotsson as Jingis
 * Torleif Cederstrand as Butcher
 * Bo Andersson as Fisken
 * Lena Nyman as Steva
 * Frank Sundström as Inspector
 * Åke Grönberg as Reverend Mild
 * Mona Andersson as Kajsa
 * Jan Blomberg as Tester
 * Siegfried Wald as German Sailor
 * Willem Fricke / Wilhelm Fricke as German Sailor
 * Erik Hell as Policeman
 * Leif Liljeroth as Policeman

title: 491 (film)


text:
Shangoda

Shangoda (Шангода; Шамгъуда) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Shangodinsky Selsoviet, Gunibsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 517 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Geography
Shangoda is located 28 km southeast of Gunib (the district's administrative centre) by road, on the Kunekh River. Shitli and Bukhty are the nearest rural localities.

Nationalities
Avars live there.

title: Shangoda


text:
1986 Nicholls State Colonels football team

The 1986 Nicholls State Colonels football team represented Nicholls State University as a member of the Gulf Star Conference during the 1986 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by sixth-year head coach Sonny Jackson, the Colonels compiled an overall record of 10–3 with a mark of 2–2 in conference play, placing in a three-way tie for second in the Gulf State. Nicholls State advanced to the NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship playoffs, beating Appalachian State in the first round before losing to the eventual national champion, Georgia Southern in the quarterfinals. The team played home games at John L. Guidry Stadium in Thibodaux, Louisiana.


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Maria Enrica Spacca

Maria Enrica Spacca (L'Aquila, 20 March 1986) is an Italian sprinter (400 m). She was a component of the national relay team that holds the two Italian records (outdoor and indoor) at the 4x400 m relay.

Biography
In her career she has twice won the national championships. She has 24 caps for the national team from 2006.

National records

 * 4x400 metres relay: 3:25.71 (🇪🇸 Barcelona, 1 August 2010) - with Chiara Bazzoni, Marta Milani, Libania Grenot
 * 4x400 metres relay indoor: 3:31.99 (🇵🇱 Sopot, 8 March 2014) - with Chiara Bazzoni, Marta Milani, Elena Maria Bonfanti
 * 4x400 metres relay indoor: 3:31.55 (🇬🇧 Birmingham, 4 March 2018) - current holder with Ayomide Folorunso, Raphaela Lukudo, Chiara Bazzoni

National titles

 * 1 win at the 400 metres at the Italian Athletics Championships (2012)
 * 1 win at the 400 metres at the Italian Athletics Indoor Championships (2012)

title: Maria Enrica Spacca


text:
Talk:Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon

Del Martin's death
I have redacted the full text of the NCLR press release and obituary that were posted here, as they may be copyrighted, and this is not an appropriate place for some of the information. The press release can be found here, and the obituary here. May she rest in peace. Maralia (talk) 19:24, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

Separate biographies?
What are thoughts on splitting these two biographies? I realize they are famous for much work done as a couple, but most famous couples have separate articles, like George Burns and Gracie Allen, musician duos, political couples, etc. Jokestress (talk) 16:37, 28 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm thinking about it. However, first and foremost, a lot of information should be added to this article, and the about.com citations should go. It's been on my list to do for months... And like an assclown, I waited too long. --Moni3 (talk) 16:49, 28 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I thought about it the last time I worked on this article, and gave up because of the huge amount of duplicated information; they were partners professionally and romantically for most of their adult lives, and there is so much of what they achieved that was done together. Still, if somebody wants to write the separate ones, I'm all for it; they were, technically, two different people. -FisherQueen (talk · contribs) 20:04, 28 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I've always read about them as a duo. I'm unsure if I can think of another example of two folks who basically did everything together throughout their adult lives. Banj e  b oi   17:13, 29 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I guess my real question is: would they be listed separately if they weren't lesbian? Most straight power couples have their own bios. Jokestress (talk) 20:03, 31 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I doubt it's any bias; many of the people who've worked on this article are also lesbians, after all. Personally, I'd support anyone who wants to do the work of creating Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon.  When I looked at doing it, I couldn't find enough sources to make it work well, but you're probably more determined than I am.  I don't hear anyone objecting if you want the job. -FisherQueen (talk · contribs) 20:09, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

The following sources have sufficient information for one large article or two detailed articles. I have half of these; I just need to spend the time to rewrite this one. However, it is inevitable that most of the information will be duplicated. While straight couples often have separate articles, it is because most of them concentrate on different projects and areas (or lived many years beyond a deceased spouse), such as Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, Bill and Hilary Clinton, or Martin Luther and Coretta Scott King.

 * Vern Bullough: Before Stonewall (Martin wrote Lyon's chapter, and Lyon wrote Martin's)
 * Marcia Gallo: Different Daughters
 * Randy Wicker and Kay Kahusen: The Gay Crusaders (Included in their own chapter)
 * Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon: Lesbian/Woman
 * Paul Cain: Leading the Parade (Included in their own chapter)

It might actually be a testimony to their partnership, and not a second-class article, that their article includes information about both of them. --Moni3 (talk) 20:27, 31 August 2008 (UTC)
 * And part of their notability is that they are arguably amongst the most well-known same-sex couples ever and likely one of the longest relationships as such ever recorded. that they did so during some of the most tumultuous times is even more amazing. I would think that even if we had separate articles that one devoted to them as a couple might make sense as well. Banj e  b oi   02:10, 1 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Calling this as "no consensus" and removing the tag. --  j ⚛ e decker  talk  16:29, 23 October 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon