text:
C++ Programming/Examples/Hello world

Hello World - Writing, Compiling and Running a C++ Program
Below is an example of a simple C++ program:

When you write a program, you use a development environment. Your development environment can be a basic text editor or a feature rich C++ integrated development environment (IDE). You should not use a word processor like Microsoft Word, because it adds formatting codes to the text.

If a compiler is not already available to you, see the Where to get a compiler Section of the book.

Open your development environment and type the program shown (or copy and paste it) and save it as hello.cc.

Now compile it using the C++ compiler:

COMMAND_PROMPT> g++ hello.cc -o hello

The example uses GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection ( http://gcc.gnu.org ) but you could use any other compiler, or use an IDE to compile it. The above command would produce an executable called hello or hello.exe. Invoke the executable to run your first C++ program:

Unix: COMMAND_PROMPT> ./hello Hello World! COMMAND_PROMPT>

Microsoft Windows: COMMAND_PROMPT> dear hello Hello World! COMMAND_PROMPT>

Text that is italicized is typed by you and the bold text is output by the program. If you use an IDE, it might automatically color the code for you based on the syntax.

Troubleshooting
You don't have the GNU C++ compiler installed. If you have a different compiler, check its documentation for the correct compilation command.
 * g++: command not found

Lot of weird errors, mentioning many times:
 * Wrong Compiler Command

undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream' [..]

Usually ending with:

collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

To use g++ to compile your hello.cc, use:

g++ hello.cc -o hello

For gcc, use:

gcc hello.cc -o hello -lstdc++

You did not type the full path, try:
 * hello: command not found

./hello

Is there a hello program in this directory? Can you see it when you type ls? If not, your compilation (g++ hello.cc -o hello) failed or you have changed to a wrong directory.

If you do not specify -o hello, g++ names the output file a.out (assembler output) for historical reasons. In such a case, type:

./a.out

to execute the program.

The preprocessing directive
Some features of C++ are part of the language and some others are part of a standard library. The standard library is a body of code that is available with every C++ compiler that is standards compliant. When the C++ compiler compiles your program it usually also links it with the standard C++ library.

When you use features from the library, C++ requires you to declare the features you will be using. The first line in the program is a preprocessing directive. In our example it is shown bold and italicized:

 * The preprocessing Directive for IOStreams

This line causes the C++ declarations which are in the <tt>iostream</tt> header to be included for use in your program. Usually the compiler inserts the contents of a header file called <tt>iostream</tt> into the program. Where it puts it depends on the system. The location of such files may be described in your compiler's documentation. A list of standard C++ header files is in the standard headers reference tables.

The <tt>iostream</tt> header contains various declarations for input/output (I/O). It uses an abstraction of I/O mechanisms called streams. For example there is an output stream object called <tt>std::cout</tt> which is used to output text to the standard output. Usually, this displays the text on the computer screen.

The preprocessor is a part of the compiler which does some transformations to your code before the actual compiler sees it. For example, on encountering a <tt>#include </tt> directive, it replaces the directive with the contents of the <tt>iostream</tt> header file.

<tt>main</tt> Function
The lines above represent a block of C++ code, given the name <tt>main</tt>. Such a named block of code is called a function in C++ parlance. The contents of the block are called the body of the function.

The word <tt>int</tt> is shown in bold because it is a keyword. C++ keywords have some special meaning and are also reserved words, i.e., cannot be used for any purpose other than what they are meant for. On the other hand <tt>main</tt> is not a keyword and you can use it in many places where a keyword cannot be used (though that is not recommended, as confusion could result).

Every (standards-compliant) C++ program must define a function called <tt>main</tt>. This is where the execution of the program begins. As we shall see later, <tt>main</tt> may call other functions which may call yet other functions. The compiler arranges for <tt>main</tt> function to be called when the program begins executing. (Although this is generally true, it is not always true. There is an exception to <tt>main</tt>'s being executed at the very beginning that we will see later.)

Now let us look at the code inside the <tt>main</tt> function.

Printing Hello World!
The first line in <tt>main</tt> uses the <tt>std::cout</tt> object to print the string (sequence of characters) <tt>Hello World!</tt> and end the line:

std::cout << "Hello World!\n";

This line is a C++ statement. C++ statements are terminated by a semicolon (<tt>;</tt>). Within the statement <tt><<</tt>, called the insertion operator is used to output the string using the <tt>std::cout</tt> stream. C++ strings are enclosed within double quotes (<tt>"</tt>). The quotes themselves are not part of the string and hence not printed. The sequence <tt>\n</tt> is used within a string to indicate the end of the current line. Though the sequence is represented by two characters, it takes up only one character's worth of memory space. Hence the sequence <tt>\n</tt> is called the newline character. The actual procedure to start a new line is system-dependent but that is handled by the C++ standard library transparent to you.

Modifications to the Above Program
Here is the same program with minor modifications:

Comments
The line added at the beginning:

// This program just displays a string and exits

is a comment that tries to explain what the code does. Comments are essential to any non-trivial program so a person who is reading the code can understand what it is expected to do. There is no restriction to what is contained between the comment delimiters. The compiler just ignores all that is there in the comment. Comments are shown italicized in our examples. C++ supports two forms of comments:

/* This program displays a string   and then it exits */
 * Single line comments start with a <tt>//</tt> and extend up to the end of the line. These can also be used to the right of statements to explain what that statement does.
 * Multi-line comments start with a <tt>/*</tt> sequence and end with a <tt>*/</tt> sequence. These can be used for comments spanning multiple lines. These are also known as C-style comments as this was the only type of comment originally available in C. e.g.:

Comments are also used at times to enclose code that we temporarily want the compiler to ignore, but intend to use later. This is useful in debugging, the process of finding out bugs, or errors in the program. If a program does not give the intended result, by "commenting out" code, it might be possible to track which particular statement has a bug. As C-style comments can stop before the end of the line, these can be used to "comment out" a small portion of code within a line in the program.

Flushing the Output Stream Buffer
Whenever you write (i.e., send any output) to an output stream, it does not immediately get written. It is first stored in memory and may actually get written any time in the future. This process is called buffering and the regions in memory used for storing temporary data like this are called buffers. It is at times desirable to flush the output stream buffers to ensure all data has been written. This is achieved by applying the insertion operator to an output stream and the object <tt>std::endl</tt>. This is what is done by the line:

std::cout << std::endl;

Before flushing the buffer, <tt>std:endl</tt> also writes a newline character (which explains its name, end line). Hence the newline is omitted in the string printed in the previous line.

Returning Success Code
In most operating systems, every program is allowed to communicate to the invoker whether it finished execution successfully using a value called the exit status. As a convention, an exit status of 0 stands for success and any other value indicates failure. Different values for the exit status could be used to indicate different types of failures. In our simple program, we would like to exit with status 0.

C++ allows the <tt>main</tt> function to return an integer value, which is passed to the operating system as the exit status of the program. The statement:

return 0;

makes <tt>main</tt> to return the value 0. Since the <tt>main</tt> function is required to return an integer, the keyword <tt>int</tt> is used to begin the function definition. This statement is optional since the compiler automatically generates code to return 0 for the <tt>main</tt> function for the cases where control falls off without a <tt>return</tt> statement. This is why the first program worked without any return statements. Note that this is only a special case that applies only to the <tt>main</tt> function. For other functions you must return a value if they are declared to return anything.

Common Programming Error 1 Though the <tt>return</tt> statement is optional, <tt>main</tt> should not be declared to return <tt>void</tt> (a function declared as void is a function which does not return anything) as in some other languages like Java. Some C++ compilers may not complain about this, but it is wrong. Doing this could be equivalent to returning just about any random number that happened to be stored in a particular memory location or register, depending on the platform. This practice can also be potentially damaging to some operating systems, which rely on the return code to determine how to handle a crash or other abnormal exit.

Whitespace and Indentation
Spaces, tabs and newlines (line breaks) are usually called whitespace. These are ignored by the compiler except within quotes, apart from the rule that preprocessing directives and C++-style comments end at a newline. So the above program could as well be written as follows:

Note, however, that spaces are required to separate adjacent words and numbers. To make the program more readable, whitespace must be used appropriately.

The conventions followed when using whitespace to improve the readability of code constitute an Indent style. For example, with alternate indent styles, the program could be written like this:

or like this:

title: C++ Programming/Examples/Hello world


text:
Talk:OMG

Who the hell says "Oh My Goddess?"

 * Feminists. Pagans. (yes, it is real usage) Robert Ullmann 01:32, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

caps
Is it ever written in all caps? I don't recall ever seeing it used like this...<IP_ADDRESS> 16:21, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I use it capitalized, but yes, it is often lowercase-only. The early Wiktionary convention was to capitalize all abbreviations, acronyms and initialisms.  --Connel MacKenzie 16:26, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

oh my goodness
What about “Oh my goodness”? It seems to me that is much more common than “oh my goddess”.

Stop!
DON'T put the actual f word on there! Put f*** or f---!
 * Why? This is a dictionary.  We want to tell people what words mean, not obscure the meaning. --EncycloPetey 23:44, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Whatever...
 * Wiktionary is not, was not, was never supposed to be, never will be, censored. Get over it. Skiendog 06:50, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Feedback: Swedish usage(s)
'''Regarding Swedish "OMG" adjective-form. ("...Abbreviation of omogen (immature)...")''' (Now, I haven't looked into the Wiktionary guidelines, so this might be superfluous.)

Never ever heard of it. The main use is the initialism-form afaik. As an initialism it's heavily used slang in Sweden, online and verbally, and with the same meaning as in English. Just mentioning because: If you know some Swedish and are about to say something using slang, I really wouldn't recommend something like... (example)

 * "OMG!!! Han är SÅ omg!"
 * ("OMG!!! He is SO immature!")

...since: If not all, most would wonder what the h*ck you're saying! :) It would be interpreted as:

 * "OMG!!! He is SO omg!" :D

If you were to encounter the English equivalent above, you too would probably wonder "What the...?!"

(Ignoring lack of adjective-form equivalent in English.) "IMT"? :P

17:34, 23 November 2011 (UTC)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:OMG


text:
Talk:2000 Fort Worth tornado outbreak

broadcast parts
"A KXAS camera in downtown Fort Worth was broadcasting during the 6 p.m. weather segment and may have broadcast parts of the tornado."

One should know by now. The comment should be removed.

--<IP_ADDRESS> 20:44, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * This was the camera that was facing away? The commentary mentioned "some slight winds blowing a little debris."  The tornado was behind the camera ripping up downtown.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:36, 5 April 2015 (UTC)

Name
I moved "Fort Worth Tornado" to "Fort Worth tornado" to comply with Rosiestep (talk) 23:34, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

Fujita ranking
I cannot believe so an error has not been caught yet: "with some estimates making it a very low F4" NO. The damage surveys put the tornado at a "minimal f3" And to my understanding that rating has been criticized for being to high. Yes, the damage to the Cash America building was bad, though it probably was hit head on with the worst winds. The tornado was definitely not that strong. Just google images from the Atlanta tornado and one will find the damage to be somewhat similar. http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:ZW4Hjs1iAZQJ:www.srh.noaa.gov/images/fwd/ftwtor2000writeup/march28.pdf+march+28+2000+fort+worth+tornado+noaa&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShbERCjGbKUvhBaZsIIP3Dowpp9b3c6MVOQjHcNPI9mUwssQUC8MLQym_vYf8PxoX0Mx18KAthKnIykisW4PnJ75StXuukEHXKrVe6fKfZ33ZN-mlQ8Bm1lOR_3_gwxHVnZiPPa&sig=AHIEtbRVFlmfj77Qc0MNLVjk3Yy2cWqOww

Dead link

 * http://www.srh.noaa.gov/fwd/ftworthtornado.html
 * In 2000 Fort Worth tornado on 2011-05-25 06:59:33, 404 Not Found
 * In 2000 Fort Worth tornado on 2011-06-10 05:24:40, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 05:24, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 2

 * http://www.wind.ttu.edu/Pubs/pdfs/D3-28-00%20Tor%20FtWorth.pdf
 * In 2000 Fort Worth tornado on 2011-05-25 06:59:33, 400 Bad Request
 * In 2000 Fort Worth tornado on 2011-06-10 05:24:51, 400 Bad Request

--JeffGBot (talk) 05:25, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 3

 * http://www.srh.noaa.gov/fwd/sd0300.pdf
 * In 2000 Fort Worth tornado on 2011-05-25 06:59:33, 404 Not Found
 * In 2000 Fort Worth tornado on 2011-06-10 05:25:00, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 05:25, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on 2000 Fort Worth tornado. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110522140509/http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/000328.html to http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/000328.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:06, 22 May 2017 (UTC)

Renaming
I agree that the title here ought to include the word "outbreak", since the article makes clear that there were ten tornadoes that hit the area that day. It looks to me, however, like "2000 Fort Worth tornado outbreak" is the standard sequence of ideas in the title for articles of this sort. When I look for other tornado and tornado outbreak articles with locations and years in the their names in Category:Tornadoes in Texas, which includes this article, I see 1902 Goliad, Texas, tornado, 1922 Austin twin tornadoes, 1997 Central Texas tornado outbreak, 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak, etc. They all seem to be structured  ; I don't see a single one structured  of. -Bryan Rutherford (talk) 15:26, 31 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Oh. I have no idea why I renamed it that. LOL! Thanks for changing that.ChessEric (talk) 16:31, 31 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:2000 Fort Worth tornado outbreak


text:
Talk:Physics Bachelor of Science

BTW, since people tend to be concerned about credentials. I have a Bachelor in Science from MIT (class of 1991) and a Doctor in Astronomy from the University of Texas at Austin (1998). When I say that I think it is possible to get a bachelor of science in physics degree through wikiversity (even if the actual degree is issued by someone else), I'm dead serious here.

All of the parts are out there. It's a matter of putting them together.

Roadrunner 07:26, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I've finished a BS in Physics just last June, so I can help check if the curriculum is up-to-date (though other than the availability of a few electives in advanced topics made accessible to undergrads I doubt the curriculum has changed that much for the past half century). --Yosofun 11:16, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
 * If you can post what you liked and what you didn't like about your bachelors that would be really useful. One of the interesting things about MIT is that undergraduate teaching is not a high priority, and so you have teachers that are incompetent.  However, none were institutionally sadistic the way I've seen in the physics department (although not the astronomy department) at UT Austin.  The fact that the teachers at MIT aren't that great at teaching is made of with the fact that you have very strong and supportive student peers and a great research environment.
 * Part of what I'm interested in is how physics may be taught very differently from school to school. I know that MIT and UT Austin Physics have very different learning cultures.  (And physics and astronomy at UT have radically different cultures) Roadrunner 01:24, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Thomas Edison State / Charter Oak / MIT?
What's with the choice of schools, here...? You're certainly not basing it on NRC rankings, right...? Anyway, imho, I'd suggest that you consult Berkeley and UCSD regarding physics curriculums - other than MIT and possibly UT, they are schools with the most undergrad physics majors. Also, UCSD has a variety of different specializations in addition to the traditional grad-school route, including Biophysics, Materials, Computational and Industry. --Yosofun 11:30, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The choice of schools is based on the fact that I have first hand experience with the MIT and UT Austin physics degrees. The problem with basing it off UCSD, is since I didn't go to UCSD, I don't have any first hand experience as to how they teach physics. The main issue is that in my experience at MIT only a very, very small fraction of the curriculum is taught through the formal curriculum, and I have no idea what the informal curriculum is like at UCSD.  Roadrunner 03:31, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Having tutored or corresponded with a couple hundred current or recently graduated physics majors from around the world (GREPhysics.NET), I'd say that there's a common formal curriculum in physics (at least in the past few years). Pretty much every single physics undergrad goes through the usual Mechanics/EM/QM/Thermo/SM and possibly programming in Mathematica or FORTRAN or math methods for formal curriculum. This, in my opinion, is the defining aspect of a physics undergraduate education. The informalities will vary from place to place, but every single physics major will share a common experience in having to deal with the formal curriculum and what it entails -- problem sets that vary from mindlessly easy to arduous to examinations that make one feel gyped for being too easy or foolish beyond comprehension for being so abstruse. However, the point is that whatever informality is derived from the formal curriculum, and that, nowadays, at least, it's rather like an invariant. (Having attended lectures in a couple of different schools and having gone incognito to take exams "for fun," I can also say that students tend to behave similarly everywhere, especially when an exam turns out to be a surprise to them.) That being said, I'd say you're worrying way too much about the informalities and psychological impacts, such as stuff like "brutality," as mentioned on the module page. Instead, you should check out how places like UCSD manages to preserve the conventional subjects of a physics major, while simultaneously managing to create "specializations" -- for example, UCSD has a "Physics BS with Specialization in Astrophysics" degree. Yosofun 01:31, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I'll get into more of this on the wiki, but my experience has been that very little of the "real" instruction (at least at MIT) actually takes place in the classroom. Most of it takes place in late-night social networks over incomprehensible problem sets.  The problem is that because these study sessions are in the middle of the night, they aren't being studied, and most of the undergraduates don't realize that that is were they are learning most of the material from.

 * I do come from a *very* different perspective (not necessarily better or worse just different) in that I graduated fifteen years ago, went through a Ph.D. graduate program and then ended up in "real life." The important thing in graduate school is not the formal curriculum, but that you picked up the "culture of physics." Also, my wife is working on her Ph.D. in early childhood education, and talking with her about her curriculum (she is a big fan of Vygotsky) made me see my undergraduate experience in a very different light.  On the other hand, I don't have a very broad range of experiences, and I really don't know anything about what physics is like for an undergraduate today (i.e. I didn't know anything about REU until you told me).

 * Brutality is a big concern because of my experience as a teaching assistant at University of Texas at Austin. One selection effect if you look at the people who took the physics GRE's is that you only see the people who somehow made it through the system, and not all of the people who got washed out as freshman and sophomores.  One of the nice things about MIT circa 1990, was that there was not this weed out system in place.  Personally, I thought that the weed-out system was disgusting.  Brutality was also a major issue in my own undergraduate education.

 * Roadrunner 13:44, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Do you know for a fact that Charter Oak will accredit (for free)? I just checked their site; they're almost as bad as Devry, charging a grand just for an online (read: worthless) degree.

 * A regionally accreditted degree isn't worthless, it may not be what you need for a job, but it will let you put the degree down on your resume. Roadrunner 13:38, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * What's the point of it then--or, rather, how will it help your resume (and is there anything else it's good for)? Would backelors-degree-requiring grad schools even accept such a BS? Yosofun 01:31, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
 * A regionally accreditted degree is one of the "must have" marks for admission to physics graduate schools, but getting Charter Oak to rubber stamp the degree will pass that criteria. The big thing that graduate schools look for is research experience, letters of recommendation, GRE scores, and these are more or less independent of what school you do to.  If you have those, then a degree from anywhere is sufficient to get you in the system.  (This is based on personal observation of how grad school committees behave.  Once there is some more meat on it, I can and will actually ask people on the grad school admission committees to evaluate the degree plan.)  Roadrunner 14:10, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Something that graduate committees do look for is personal initiative. OK, you didn't have to take this hard course, but did you do it anyway?  In some ways putting too many requirements defeats the purpose of the degree.  If everything is required, it's hard to tell if the student really has personal initiative.  Roadrunner 14:10, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Charter Oak won't accredit for free. The goal of this is to create a degree that is free as in speech, not necessarily free as in beer.  I don't think that it is possible to create a free as in beer degree, although a free as in speech degree should cause the costs to go way down. Roadrunner 03:31, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Not sure what the difference between the two are. Why would we need a free-as-in-in-speech physics degree? Are you proposing to offer the prospective students some sort of radically-revolutionalized remake of the current standard physics undergrad education? Yosofun 01:31, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Absolutely. My ulterior motive is that a radically redone undergraduate education will create a demand for free lance tutors which gets me back into academia. Roadrunner 14:10, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Might you consider working with other universities in accredation; perhaps even your alma mater MIT? I know as a fact that UCSD Sixth College is desperate for a decent Internet-org-affiliation; however, I would strongly advise that you work around the college's notorious liberal arts "core program" that is the usual requirement of their traditional degree. (Do not mention you heard it from me.) --Yosofun 11:41, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
 * If people from MIT and UCSD want to collaborate, they can edit the degree plan just like everyone else. I'm going to be travelling up to MIT to generate some interest in this, and I really want to go to Thomas Edison and Charter Oak since I don't have any direct experience in their bureaucracies.  However, I will simply refuse to sit in a committee meeting that spends months issuing a report that means nothing.  Life is too short and I have too much to do. 14:10, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The trouble is that unless MIT is going to radically expand enrollments, this is going to be problematic. Roadrunner 03:31, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * You also have to realize that it does take some time (hmm) and a degree of effort (no pun intended) to achieve a physics degree. Even if a free-as-in-beer physics degree were offered, not all 7 billion people (or whatever number the world population is right now) will come flocking for this free degree. Most people will, as they'd like to put it, have better stuff to do. So, in the end, MIT will probably not end up radically expanding enrollment. Moreover, the point is not enrollment but accreditation, as in getting a degree. Only students who have completed the equally-arduous Wikiversity Physics curriculum would be of numerical matter to MIT... and like I mentioned earlier, only those who truly put in the time will get to complete this degree, and there won't be so many of them, so MIT won't even experience a big jump in the number of graduates. Other than a bit of administrative triviality, can you think of something that would be truly problematic with getting MIT to endorse this? Yosofun 01:31, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
 * MIT graduates about 70 physics students each year. There are *far* more than 70 physics students that would be interested in this.  The model that I have in the my head is that fifteen to twenty years from now, MIT will offer intensive two week courses/seminars/conferences for undergraduates from other universities, that open courseware will be packaged specifically for use by other universities, that the current on-campus population will turn into something akin to guinea pigs in a laboratory school, and that even they will get a fairly large fraction of their coursework from outside of MIT.  It's something that can be doable in small steps, with buy-in from small numbers of people at MIT.
 * Getting MIT to endorse this is less difficult than it might seem, there is a sense of crisis at MIT and a fear that it is going to be made obsolete by new technology. This leaves it far more open to new ideas than places that don't have this sense of crisis.  (And this remarkable openness to new thinking is one reason I love that place.) 14:10, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Penn State has their course requirements and descriptions online here, and the homepage of their online degree program here. I'm currently going through the 'weeding out' process as an Astrophysics major there. RyanJSuto 15:42, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

GRE Physics Prep
I created GREPhysics.NET last November in order to force myself to work through all the GRE Physics problems (it's a lot more fun if I have an audience to please), and to see if I can still create a complete CMS with LaTeX features in a weekend in the middle of midterms week. I've been meaning to write a GRE Physics textbooks (probably to-be-called The GRE Physics Textbook), whose the stable version will be hosted on GREPhysics.NET, and whose extended version I might crowdsource out in wiki somewhere. (However, since it is related to a very dog-eat-dog-exam, vandalism is quite suspect... so I'm not sure if that will be wise or prudent.) But, either way, that bit can also help with the grad-school prep of this Wikiversity project. --Yosofun 11:30, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Post everything you have on the wiki. We can worry about editing it later.

 * Something that I think is the case is that the dog-eat-dog you are seeing is a consequence of how physics is taught. The interesting thing about MIT (as compared to UT Austin physics) is how little inter-student competition there was, and people were very supportive of each other.  This I think is directly related to the fact that MIT has no weed out classes (everyone has to take physics and the pass rate is >90%).  Because everyone is likely to pass, there is a lot of incentive for student to help each other, which is important since undergraduate teaching is a secondary priority for the faculty.

 * There are also small but important things like the fact that every single test and problem set at MIT is hand graded. Also all of the living groups had extensive libraries of "bibles" worked out problems from years past.  There was only one tiny multiple choice scanner and that was used for course evaluations.

 * I'm curious how physics is taught at a small liberal arts college.

Roadrunner 01:24, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Grad courses
I've taken a bunch of grad courses as an undergrad, and as you might guess, I'm interested in extending the Wikiversity BS to possibly a PhD? Lol... I can totally imagine myself emeritus at Oxford, with Wikiversity listed as my PhD school.... lmfao... that is, if i ever return to academia, again... hm. --Yosofun 11:30, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

 * As I mentioned elsewhere, in some ways it is easier to create an online Ph.D. in physics than it is to create a Bachelor degree. If you have five respected physicists on your committee and a very respected dissertation advisor willing to sign your dissertation, *NO ONE* in the physics community is going to care what school issues it.  (People outside the physics community might care, but that's a different story.) Roadrunner 03:35, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Undergrads care quite a bit about where they go to grad school, but I admit I don't know the exact state of how tenured academia, in general, regards the place where one receives the Ph.D from -- though it is curious that on university webpages, the prof's tend to be listed with "name | phd school" and a photo and a brief list of recent papers. (Incidentally, that's one of the reasons why a site supplying solutions to released GRE Physics exams cannot be made into a wiki... the kids'd all attempt to fool each other into believing in a wrong solution in order to beat their peers on the exam day... wikiality at its worse.) My question is would you mind linking me to more information on how no one cares about which school issues your physics phd?

 * I don't know if there are any formal web pages on this, but this is direct experience in being part of the physics club. What matters is your advisor, dissertation committee, and publication record.  In the field of type II supernova research, University of Arizona and Florida Atlantic University are "big-name" schools because there happen to be faculty there who are very well regarded in the field.  If the faculty were to move, the prestige in the community would move with them.  People in supernova research tend to refer to people as being with "so-and-so's group" or "so-and-so's student" rather than the university.  Also, once you start publishing papers, then the reputation goes from the faculty to the school rather than the other way.

 * The "prof | Ph.D." tends to be very misleading because in the 1960's and 1970's, there was this massive expansion in science universities as people with Harvard degrees went to state schools in the West and then built programs, which were modelled after Harvard. These programs are now very competitive, but the Ph.D's they generate are going into industry.

 * I do understand the concern that undergraduates have because I went through the exact same thing. I basically thought that my academic career was over when I ended up at UTexas Austin instead of Harvard or MIT. It was, but Harvard and MIT Ph.D's are finding it only slightly easier to find faculty positions than UTexas Austin.

 * Roadrunner 13:27, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Lab courses?
A typical experimental physics lab course requires thousands of dollar's worth of equipment. (Of course, the hobo can always scavange in your local large university dumpster for the thousands of oscilloscopes they throw out daily... lol... actually I meant there's often a cheaper soluion -- in this case, skip the scope, just purchase the cables to hook it up to your computer) How exactly will physics lab courses be done -- again, partnership with local univerisities would be helpful? Perhaps the universities can be convinced of the benefit of either donating lab time to Wikiversity students or of some reciprocity relation? --Yosofun 12:04, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Thousands of dollars isn't that much money for an institution, and we can include instructions for a community college to be able to set up a physics lab, or having overnight courier ship in a experiment. Roadrunner 01:07, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I think learning how to scrounge for parts, or at least set up a lab. I think a good part of experimental science or engineering is finding parts, putting them together, nad figuring out how to get something to work. While traditional universities may not teach this, it is vital if you want to do anything practical.

I don't know if this will help, but the website is an online group meeting scheduler that has built in features for enrolling in local meetings with like-minded groups. Myself, I'm part of the NYC Math Meetup group, which holds meetings at a bookstore in Union Square. If one can get local professors or labs to lend some time (or have participants pay to register time) to conducting a lab, this site can help organize those meetings. You really can't understand physics without hands-on lab work (actually doing physics). Ron 14:51, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Is Wikiversity free?
I think the answer is no. That would suck. Free is possible, but, a lot of connections'd have to be made. --Yosofun 12:07, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

 * My intention is to make the degree free as in speech. It probably won't be free as in beer, but I do think it will be a lot cheaper than tuition to MIT Roadrunner 03:38, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Even if it is free-as-in-speech, some sort of reciprocity relation with local universities will have to be worked out. The one thing that an online physics education won't get you (at least not easily) is lab experience (were this a degree in mathematics, we wouldn't be having this problem). Unless you want to give up the whole free-education-material idea in deference to the WV student lapsing out $ for lab equipment, Wikiversity will have to hook up with local universities to allow for lab experience.
 * It would be interesting to see how Open University does this. 14:11, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Isn't 'Free', in every sense, one of the basic foundations of WikiMedia? In Fact, I couldn't imagine such a site every charging money for anything such as education. This basic premise that education should be available to ALL, irrespective of monetary status. In fact, to utilize WikiMedia, one doesn't even need to own a computer, for they could utilize a public library. This philosophy is the beauty of it all. RyanJSuto 15:27, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The trouble is that people have to eat. Things become very different once you have kids and have to have a job to support them.  <IP_ADDRESS> 05:27, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Cleanup?
To my mind, what would be nice here is: TimNelson 02:51, 29 August 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) Use of Degree planning templates; on this page, the Degree plan one, and the others used on subpages
 * 2) A fair amount of material on the main page actually seems to belong on the talk page

=Wikki Wonder= I find this "Degree Plan" quite interesting. I would be willing to enroll in this program. After all, there is only one way to determine if this idea can actually be a success.

<IP_ADDRESS> 02:11, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The thing that I really need to get in contact with are people who are *already* studying physics through things like open university, TESC, or Charter Oak, since they would serve as a core student population to make this things work. I've been trying to get in touch with TESC, but haven't had much success.

<IP_ADDRESS> 05:27, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Wikiversity to grant accredited degrees?
Please join the discussion: Creation of Free Online University. The Jade Knight 03:20, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

Side note: I have no need for a degree in Physics, but I'd be willing to be a guinea pig student for this program if the Department/School/Wikiversity could issue some sort of formal certificate of completion. I understand that that may be a long time coming. The Jade Knight 02:59, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

I'm willing to do some open course work and file my contributions hoping that sometime in the near future I can bring my work to an accredited university and gain degree credit. I don't know if these are reasonable goals or not, but it beats doing coursework and having nothing to show for it.RichMac 08:34, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Physics Bachelor of Science


text:
Glasgow Sharks

The Glasgow Sharks is an Australian rules football club in Glasgow, Scotland.

History
The Sharks were re-formed in late 2003 by Australian Andrew Butler from what had been the Caledonia Sharks, who had existed in Glasgow for a time during the 1990s existed sporadically.

The recreation of the Sharks was down to hard work by Butler to acquire Sponsorship from local Aussie theme bar the Walkabout and recruitment drive on Australia Day providing details of training, contacts. Etc. also hanging Posters in and around Glasgow (Backpacker Hostels, Internet Café's, libraries, Sports Club/Gyms and Shops) inviting anyone to come along and join in. this generated enough interest for Scotland to have their very own Aussie Rules League with a Team back in Glasgow.

The club wore blue jumpers with a white shark logo on the front (based on the WAFL Club East Fremantle Shark's Guernsey). The club was captained by Andrew Butler.

Honours
Haggis Cup 2011 Haggis Cup 2014 Haggis Cup 2022 (Women's)

SARFL 2016 Mens Premiership

Tyne Tees Cup 2016 Winners

Inaugural SARFLW 2019 Women's Premiership

Movember Cup 2022 (Women's)

SARFLW 2023 Women's Premiership

title: Glasgow Sharks


text:
rigidification

Noun

 * 1)  The process of becoming rigid, stiff or inflexible; of rigidifying.
 * 2)  A form of isomorphism applied between line bundles.

title: rigidification


text:
Talk:English in Use/Nouns

Untitled
Trying to describe a noun is hard! Words are just text labels for objects, concepts, actions, attributes, or simply "things" which fulfil certain functions within the languages which use them. Nouns are words which are associated with physical objects, or with abstract concepts, or with the names of people or objects or concepts.

I am not sure that it is OK to say that "Nouns are just names"!

Further, I do wonder whether it makes sense to do this section without using images. Mention is made of a chair, but this does not make sense to anyone who does not already know a word for chair, or who has not seen a chair or used one. David Martland 11:06, 1 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I copied the exercises here, this article is already much too long. Adding the whole Wikipedia article on plurals there made it a mess. Perhaps the articles should be in a separate article, as a long article with many exercises in the middle is almost impossible to follow. Tkorrovi (talk) 15:39, 11 April 2009 (UTC)

Exercises
'''Write the plurals. Follow the examples.'''

Exercise 1 Most plurals ? noum + -s. cat       ____________________________________ chair     ____________________________________ girl      ____________________________________ sofa      ____________________________________ student   ____________________________________
 * e.g.: book ? books

Exercise 2 Nouns ending in -s,-ss,-sh,-ch,-x,-z ? noum + -es, which is spelled -es if the word does not already end with -e.
 * e.g.: glass ? glasses, phase ? phases

dish      ____________________________________ witch     ____________________________________

Exercise 3 Nouns ending in -y preceded by a vowel ? noum + -s.
 * e.g.: boy ? boys

day       ____________________________________ monkey    ____________________________________ key       ____________________________________

Exercise 4 Nouns ending in -y preceded by a consonant ? -y + -ies
 * e.g.: cherry ? cherries

lady      ____________________________________

Exercise 5 Nouns ending in –o ? noun + -es

potato    ____________________________________ volcano   ____________________________________
 * e.g.: hero ? heroes

Exeptions:

a) Some foreign words (especially from Latin). ? noun + -s
 * e.g.: kilo ? kilos

b) All nouns ending in –o preceded by a vowel. ? noun + -s
 * e.g.: radio ?	radios

c) Some nouns ending in –o have two plural forms. ? noun + -s or -es
 * e.g.: volcano	? volcanos or volcanoes

buffalo   ____________________________________ mango     ____________________________________

Exercise 6 A few nouns ending in -f or -fe ? -ves
 * e.g.: calf ? calves

elf       ____________________________________ half      ____________________________________ knife     ____________________________________ leaf      ____________________________________ life      ____________________________________ loaf      ____________________________________ sheaf     ____________________________________ shelf     ____________________________________ thief     ____________________________________ wife      ____________________________________ wolf      ____________________________________

Exercise 7 Many words ending in -f or -fe ? noun + -s proof     ____________________________________ roof      ____________________________________
 * e.g.: cliff ? cliffs

Note: Some words have both forms.
 * e.g.: staff ?	staffs or staves

Exercise 8 Regular Plurals of Nouns - Gap-fill exercise (External link)

title: Talk:English in Use/Nouns


text:
User:Researchlady17

I've been working as a library tech since 1980, completed two bachelor degrees (in music and in history) in 1984. Since research is a passion, I fell naturally into genealogy back in 1993 and have done a variety client research for years. I'm looking forward to sharing and learning in this venue!

title: User:Researchlady17


text:
Vitellogenin

Vitellogenin (VTG or less popularly known as VG) (from Latin vitellus, yolk, and genero, I produce) is a precursor of egg yolk that transports protein and some lipid from the liver through the blood to the growing oocytes where it becomes part of the yolk. Normally, it is only found in the blood or hemolymph of females, and can therefore be used as a biomarker in vertebrates of exposure to environmental estrogens which stimulate elevated levels in males as well as females. "Vitellogenin" is a synonymous term for the gene and the expressed protein. The protein product is classified as a glycolipoprotein, having properties of a sugar, fat and protein. It belongs to a family of several lipid transport proteins.

Vitellogenin is an egg yolk precursor found in the females of nearly all oviparous species including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, most invertebrates, and monotremes. Vitellogenin is the precursor of the lipoproteins and phosphoproteins that make up most of the protein content of yolk. In the presence of estrogenic endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDCs), male fish can express the gene in a dose dependent manner. This gene expression in male fish can be used as a molecular marker of exposure to estrogenic EDCs.

Function
Vitellogenin provides the major egg yolk protein that is a source of nutrients during early development of egg-laying (oviparous) vertebrates and invertebrates. Although vitellogenin also carries some lipid for deposition in the yolk, the primary mechanism for deposition of yolk lipid is instead via VLDLs, at least in birds and reptiles. Vitellogenin precursors are multi-domain apolipoproteins (proteins that bind to lipids to form lipoproteins), that are cleaved into distinct yolk proteins. Different vitellogenin proteins exist, which are composed of variable combinations of yolk protein components; however, the cleavage sites are conserved.

Components
In vertebrates, a complete vitellogenin is composed of:
 * an N-terminal signal peptide for export,
 * and four regions that can be cleaved into yolk proteins, these are:
 * lipovitellin-1,
 * phosvitin,
 * lipovitellin-2,
 * von Willebrand factor type D domain (YGP40).

N-terminal lipid transport domain
This particular domain represents a conserved region found in several lipid transport proteins, including vitellogenin, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and apolipoprotein B-100.

Vesicle trafficking
This particular domain, the Vitellogenin lipid transport domain, is also found in the Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) and in Apolipoprotein B. It aids cell trafficking and export of cargo.

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP)
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) is an endoplasmic reticulum lipid transfer protein involved in the biosynthesis and lipid loading of apolipoprotein B. MTTP is also involved in the late stage of CD1d trafficking in the lysosomal compartment, CD1d being the MHC I-like lipid antigen presenting molecule.

Apolipoprotein B
Apolipoprotein B can exist in two forms: B-100 and B-48. Apolipoprotein B-100 is present on several lipoproteins, including very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL), and can assemble VLDL particles in the liver. Apolipoprotein B-100 has been linked to the development of atherosclerosis.

ApoB is ancestrally universal to all animals, as homologs are found in choanoflagellates. The insect homolog is called apolipophorin I/II.

Human proteins containing this domain
APOB ;     MTTP;

Honey bees
Honey bees deposit vitellogenin molecules in fat bodies in their abdomen and heads. The fat bodies apparently act as a food storage reservoir. The glycolipoprotein vitellogenin has additional functionality as it acts as an antioxidant to prolong Queen bee and forager lifespan as well as a hormone that affects future foraging behavior. The health of a honey bee colony is dependent upon the vitellogenin reserves of the nurse bees – the foragers having low levels of vitellogenin. As expendable laborers, the foragers are fed just enough protein to keep them working their risky task of collecting nectar and pollen. Vitellogenin levels are important during the nest stage and thus influence honey bee worker division of labor.

A nurse bee's vitellogenin titer that developed in the first four days after emergence, affects its subsequent age to begin foraging and whether it preferentially forages for nectar or pollen. If young workers are short on food their first days of life, they tend to begin foraging early and preferentially for nectar. If they are moderately fed, they forage at normal age preferentially for nectar. If they are abundantly fed, immediately after emergence, their vitellogenin titer is high and they begin foraging later in life, preferentially collecting pollen. Pollen is the only available protein source for honey bees.

Juvenile hormone feedback loop
For the majority of the investigated insect species it has been documented that juvenile hormone stimulates the transcription of the vitellogenin genes and the consequent control of vitellogenin production (cf. Engelmann, 1983; Wyatt and Davey, 1996).

The vitellogenin expression is part of a regulatory feedback loop that enables vitellogenin and juvenile hormone to mutually suppress each other. Vitellogenin and juvenile hormone likely work antagonistically in the honey bee to regulate the honey bees development and behavior. Suppression of one leads to high titers of the other.

It is likely that the balance between vitellogenin and juvenile hormone levels is also involved in swarming behavior.

Juvenile hormone levels drop in honey bee colonies pre-swarming and it is expected that vitellogenin levels would therefore rise. One may surmise, that swarming bees would want to pack along as much vitellogenin as possible to extend their lifespan and to be able to quickly build a new nest.

Evolution
Vertebrates started off with a single copy of the vitellogenin gene, and the bird-mammalian and amphilian lineages each experienced duplications that gave rise to the modern genes. With the exception of monotremes, mammals have all their vitellogenin genes turned into pseudogenes, although the region syntenic to bird VIT1-VIT2-VIT3 can still be found and aligned. In monotremes just one of the genes remained functional.

title: Vitellogenin


text:
Kalathodu

Kalathodu is a residential area situated in the City of Thrissur in Kerala state of India. Kalathodu is Ward 20 of Thrissur Municipal Corporation.

title: Kalathodu


text:
Talk:David Faber (politician)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on David Faber (politician). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070210140642/http://www.pfd.co.uk/clients/faberd/b-aut.html to http://www.pfd.co.uk/clients/faberd/b-aut.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092902/http://dafjones.thirdlight.com/viewpicture.tlx?pictureid=1129578 to http://dafjones.thirdlight.com/viewpicture.tlx?pictureid=1129578

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:34, 14 December 2017 (UTC)

Failure to win reelection in 2001?
I am not sure what his meant here by the statement in the lead section "lowing his failure to win reelection in 2001, he became an author". This seems to imply that he contested and lost his seat at the 2001 United Kingdom general election, but this is not the case. Faber certainly did not stand in Westbury in 2001 and the Conservative Party held the seat. Indeed it says later in this article that "Faber stood down from parliament at the 2001 general election, to be succeeded by fellow Conservative Andrew Murrison". Equally from an online search I can see nothing to suggest that he was deselected or lost a contest to be the Conservative candidate. Thus the statement appears to be wrong. Dunarc (talk) 23:22, 9 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Faber (politician)


text:
Cartography of Latin America

Cartography of Latin America, map-making of the realms in the Western Hemisphere, was an important aim of European powers expanding into the New World. Both the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire began mapping the realms they explored and settled. They also speculated on the lands that were marked terra incognita. Indigenous groups created maps of their territories, some of which predated the arrival of the Europeans. Maps for Spain also projected "its particular sense of order, religion, and justice, or what was understood as policía in its new colonies." Maps could be a form of propaganda; empires used maps as a means to assert sovereignty over territory, even when the situation on the ground did not merit it. The Spanish crown mandated the creation of reports from indigenous towns in New Spain, the Relaciones geográficas, a major state-directed project for gathering information. with written descriptions and usually a map. A useful collection of articles pointing to some major issues in New World cartography has recently appeared. When other European powers began exploring and settling the zones that Spain and Portugal had claimed as their own, maps began to delineate the boundaries between empires. As Latin America nation-states coalesced following independence in the early nineteenth century, map making was a standard national project.

title: Cartography of Latin America


text:
Traum Meet3

The Traum MEET 3 is a compact crossover SUV produced by Zotye Auto under the Traum sub-brand for the Chinese market.

Overview
Based on the same platform as the Zotye SR7, the production car debuted in 2017. It was officially launched on the Chinese car market in April 2018, pricing starts from 79,900 yuan to 118,900 yuan. The MEET 3 is a controversial vehicle in terms of styling, because it heavily resembles the first generation Mercedes-Benz GLA-Class. The MEET 3 is powered by a 1.5 liter turbo straight-4 turbo engine mates to a 5-speed manual transmission or CVT.

title: Traum Meet3


text:
spliceosome

Noun

 * 1)  A dynamic complex of RNA and protein subunits that removes introns from precursor mRNA.

Derived terms

 * supraspliceosome
 * supraspliceosome
 * supraspliceosome

title: spliceosome


text:
Wikipedia:Wiki Ed/Bard College/BIO419 Biotechnology and In (Fall 2017)

As World populations rise, so do pathogens capable of causing human disease. These infectious diseases can be defined as a type of “wicked problem,” in which no clear solution exists, due to their complexity. To manage this increase in infectious disease cases, current biotechnological advances can be used to design more effective methods for detecting, treating and preventing infectious diseases. These new methods often are possible to deploy in areas at a lower cost, or in locations where resources may be limited. This class will examine primary literature and review papers to learn about all angles of infectious disease management. This includes, but is not limited to: development of assays for low- level detection, application of nanosized agents for drug delivery, and design of novel vaccines for emerging infectious diseases, including Ebola, Zika, SARS, and cholera. Students will help design and run class sessions, present papers in a journal club style format, and produce formal short and long writing assignments based on the primary literature

Week 1
Welcome to your Wikipedia project's course timeline. This page will guide you through the Wikipedia project for your course. Be sure to check with your instructor to see if there are other pages you should be following as well.

Your course has also been assigned a Wikipedia Expert. Check your Talk page for notes from them. You can also reach them through the "Get Help" button on this page.

To get started, please review the following handouts:

 * Editing Wikipedia pages 1–5
 * Evaluating Wikipedia

 * Create an account and join this course page, using the enrollment link your instructor sent you. (To avoid hitting Wikipedia's account creation limits, this is best done outside of class. Only 6 new accounts may be created per day from the same IP address.)
 * It's time to dive into Wikipedia. Below, you'll find the first set of online trainings you'll need to take. New modules will appear on this timeline as you get to new milestones. Be sure to check back and complete them! Incomplete trainings will be reflected in your grade.
 * When you finish the trainings, practice by introducing yourself to a classmate on that classmate’s Talk page.

Week 2
Familiarize yourself with editing Wikipedia by adding a citation to an article. There are two ways you can do this:

 * Add 1-2 sentences to a course-related article, and cite that statement to a reliable source, as you learned in the online training.
 * The Citation Hunt tool shows unreferenced statements from articles. First, evaluate whether the statement in question is true! An uncited statement could just be lacking a reference or it could be inaccurate or misleading. Reliable sources on the subject will help you choose whether to add it or correct the statement.

Week 3
Choose an article. Read through it, thinking about ways to improve the language, such as fixing grammatical mistakes. Then, make the appropriate changes. You don’t need to contribute new information to the article.

Week 4
You'll want to find or create an appropriate photo, illustration, or piece of video/audio to add to an article.

 * Before you start, review the Illustrating Wikipedia handbook, or see Editing Wikipedia pages 10–11.
 * When you've reviewed those pages, take the training linked below.
 * When you're ready to start finding images, remember: Never grab images you find through an image search, or those found on Instagram, Tumblr, Reddit, Imgur, or even so-called "Free image" or "free stock photo" websites. Instead, you'll want to find images with clear proof that the creator has given permission to use their work. Many of these images can be found on search.creativecommons.org.
 * Don't just upload an image to Wikipedia. Instead, upload it to Wikipedia's sister site for images, Wikimedia Commons. For instructions, read through the Illustrating Wikipedia handbook.


text:
Huronia

Huronia may refer to:

 * Huronia (region), the historical homeland of the Huron/Wendat/Wyandot nation in Ontario
 * Huronia (cephalopod), a genus of mollusks

title: Huronia


text:
Dora A. Stearns

Dora A. Smith Stearns (1883 – February 2, 1942) was very active in civic and club affairs and a leader in the movement for drafting and passing the minimum wage law for women in California.

Early life
Dora A. Smith was born in 1883 in Los Angeles, California, daughter of Zira Bruce Smith (1835–1880) and Sarah Jane Scott (1852–1936). She was born on the family ranch near Oxford Avenue and Temple Street.

Career

Dora A. Stearns was very active in civic and club affairs.

She was member of the State Board of Education and member of the City Planning Commission.

She served on the Board of Freeholders that framed the City Charter.

She was president of the Los Angeles Chapter of the Drama League of America; of the Public School Protective League; of the Women's Political League; of the Women's City Club, of the Los Angeles County Council of Republican Women, of the Women's Law Observance League, of the Busy Bee Home for Children.

She was a member of the Ebell of Los Angeles, Women's Athletic Club, Republican Study Club, Republican County Central Committee. She was charter member of the Wilshire Chamber of Commerce.

In 1923 she ran for State Senator and she was a suffragist before women were given the right to vote. She was a leader in the movement for drafting and passing the minimum wage law for women in California.

In 1934 she was named member of the Los Angeles County Board of Education, a position she held until her death.

In 1936, as a member of the Women's Law Observance Association, she lobbied to secure an amendment to the county ordinance to separate liquor sales from dance halls. Moreover she led a committee of investigation on liquor sales to minors.

Personal life
Dora A. Smith married James B. Stearns, of the Edgemont Land Company, and lived at 2632 Monmouth Ave., Los Angeles, California.

In 1929 she separated from her husband.

She died on February 2, 1942, at her home, 4320 W. Second St., Los Angeles, and is buried at Evergreen Cemetery, Los Angeles.

title: Dora A. Stearns


text:
R767 road (Ireland)

The R767 road is a regional road in Ireland which connects J7 (Bray South) of the N11 to Bray Town Hall on Bray Main Street. The majority of the road is known as the Killarney Road.

Route
The route begins at the Kilcroney Interchange (J7 Bray South/Greystones North), which is one of the busiest junctions in the country. The route crosses the N11 and meets the Ram Roundabout. The road then travels northwest towards Bray. The R767 passes through many of Bray's southwestern suburbs, such as Ballywaltrim, Oldcourt, Killarney and King Edward Road. The route terminates at its junction with the R761 at Bray Town Hall.

title: R767 road (Ireland)


text:
Talk:David Marks

Moon
David Marks had a band called The Moon that is not mentioned what so ever.

Proof: http://www.beachboys.com/davidmarks.html

- BuddyOfHolly

 * Thank you, whoever added it. - BuddyOfHolly —Preceding undated comment was added at 15:52, 23 November 2008 (UTC).

Upgrades to article
Ok, hopefully the article has moved along enough to at least get away from being ranked a "stub'. I'll modestly let someone else re-rank it. Jusdafax (talk) 07:03, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

Update: I have requested evaluation from the WikiProject Musicians/Assessment page. I've also assigned it a 'mid' importance rating, though I don't see it on the page.Jusdafax (talk) 10:29, 24 February 2009 (UTC)

Further Update: Now approaching a year since I requested the evaluation. Things move at a glacial pace, it seems, at WikiProject Musicians. Jusdafax  18:38, 12 January 2010 (UTC)

Added request for photo. Anyone got one that fits the guidelines? Jusdafax (talk) 05:35, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

Thanks for the photo addition, though I'd like to see one of Marks from the 60's-era Beach Boys as well. Still, this article has come a fair way, and since six months have gone by I'll bump it up to 'start' from 'stub' myself. Jusdafax (talk) 18:33, 5 August 2009 (UTC) curious regards David Marks born 1948 - article says he became an across the street neighbor of the Wilsons in 1956 at age 5 - seems to me it is either neighbor in 1953 or neighbor at age 8 - can't be both — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:02, 12 May 2012 (UTC)

 * He was definitely born in 1948 (and according to the Wrecking Crew Facebook page, he was born in Newcastle, Washington). What the article does get wrong, though, is the claims that he lived in Hawthorne -- the Marks home was on the other side of the border, Inglewood. This is in numerous sources, undoubtedly some cited in the article. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:57, 23 August 2022 (UTC)

Requested move 21 August 2016

The result of the move request was: Moved to David Marks per nom. No such user (talk) 06:59, 5 September 2016 (UTC)

– David Marks of The Beach Boys is the clear primary topic. He gets 96% of the pageviews with 773 a day, and has high long-term significance as a member of one of the most influential musical acts of all time. Nohomersryan (talk) 23:08, 21 August 2016 (UTC) --Relisting.  Omni Flames ( talk ) 12:05, 28 August 2016 (UTC)
 * David Marks (musician) → David Marks
 * David Marks → David Marks (disambiguation)
 * Makes sense to me. Marks was largely forgotten despite his status as an original member, but his recent appearances with the Beach Boys have brought him back to public attention.  I agree. - AyaK (talk) 15:22, 25 August 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose - The disambiguation page clearly indicates there are more people with the same name who appear notable. For the reason of clarity this should stay, similarly to Sting (musician). Karst (talk) 15:26, 25 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Support. Clear primary topic by usage, and has a good amount of weight as a significant musician.  Taylor Trescott  - my talk + my edits 03:40, 26 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Support per PRIMARYTOPIC. Cavarrone 11:15, 26 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Support per the large difference in page views. kennethaw88 • talk 15:59, 28 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Support per nominator and WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. Meatsgains (talk) 16:51, 28 August 2016 (UTC)

Birthplace/origin
As is widely known, David was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania, moving to California with his parents in 1955. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Andrew G. Doe (talk • contribs) 08:20, 8 February 2024 (UTC)

What happened to "The Circle Continues"?
References to one of David's solo albums were removed entirely. What the heck happened? 2601:155:8300:3510:950:8D5:B18A:FBB6 (talk) 18:56, 13 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Marks


text:
Cornol

Cornol is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

History
Cornol is first mentioned in 1136 as Coronotum.

Geography
Cornol has an area of. Of this area, 6.03 km2 or 57.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 3.51 km2 or 33.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.78 km2 or 7.5% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.07 km2 or 0.7% is either rivers or lakes and 0.08 km2 or 0.8% is unproductive land. The Étang de la Montoie, a 1.4 hectare pond, is located in Cornol.

Of the built-up area, housing and buildings made up 2.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.4%. Out of the forested land, 32.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 35.0% is used for growing crops and 16.5% is pastures, while 2.3% is used for orchards or vine crops and 4.0% is used for alpine pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 0.3% is in lakes and 0.4% is in rivers and streams.

The municipality is located in the Porrentruy district, on the road to Les Rangiers.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent, three Moors' heads proper banded Gules.

Demographics
Cornol has a population of. , 3.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 9.7%. Migration accounted for 10.2%, while births and deaths accounted for 0%.

Most of the population speaks French (742 or 93.1%) as their first language, German is the second most common (29 or 3.6%) and Italian is the third (9 or 1.1%).

, the population was 50.3% male and 49.7% female. The population was made up of 431 Swiss men (48.3% of the population) and 18 (2.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 425 Swiss women (47.6%) and 18 (2.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 350 or about 43.9% were born in Cornol and lived there in 2000. There were 245 or 30.7% who were born in the same canton, while 76 or 9.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 97 or 12.2% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24.2% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 59.1% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16.7%.

, there were 302 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 396 married individuals, 51 widows or widowers and 48 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 332 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household. There were 93 households that consist of only one person and 24 households with five or more people. , a total of 325 apartments (90.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 25 apartments (6.9%) were seasonally occupied and 11 apartments (3.0%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 2.02%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance
The prehistoric site and medieval castle at Mont Terri is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 37.09% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SPS (26.43%), the SVP (15.37%) and the FDP (13.73%). In the federal election, a total of 250 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 37.5%.

Economy
, Cornol had an unemployment rate of 3.8%. , there were 35 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 12 businesses involved in this sector. 325 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 18 businesses in this sector. 88 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 26 businesses in this sector. There were 395 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.0% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 418. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 27, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 317 of which 277 or (87.4%) were in manufacturing and 40 (12.6%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 74. In the tertiary sector; 20 or 27.0% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 19 or 25.7% were in the movement and storage of goods, 8 or 10.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4 or 5.4% were the insurance or financial industry, 5 or 6.8% were technical professionals or scientists, 8 or 10.8% were in education and 1 was in health care.

, there were 209 workers who commuted into the municipality and 245 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.2 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 20.1% of the workforce coming into Cornol are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 6.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 72.9% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 656 or 82.3% were Roman Catholic, while 51 or 6.4% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church, there were 4 individuals (or about 0.50% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 16 individuals (or about 2.01% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 2 (or about 0.25% of the population) who were Islamic. There was 1 person who was Buddhist and 5 individuals who belonged to another church. 37 (or about 4.64% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 32 individuals (or about 4.02% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Cornol about 252 or (31.6%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 42 or (5.3%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 42 who completed tertiary schooling, 76.2% were Swiss men, 14.3% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Jura school system provides two year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school followed by some form of Tertiary school or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2009–10 school year, there were a total of 86 students attending 5 classes in Cornol. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 13 students in the municipality. The municipality had 4 primary classes and 73 students. There are only nine secondary schools in the canton, so all the students from Cornol attend their secondary school in another municipality.

, there were 40 students from Cornol who attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Cornol


text:
Talk:Poetry/Modernist Poetry

Not just for Modernism, but all poetry, I would eventually like a link to the Wikipedia article, and then to an article just for Wikiversity which deals with the writer's WORK. If a writer falls into several categories, we can all share space. One person can write on their novels, another on their poetry, etc. Sound terrible? I hope not. --Atrivedi 19:28, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I don't think Joyce is an appropriate major figure for the poetry page/class. He's certainly not renowned for his poetry and there are countless more influential poets. It's odd to mention Joyce as a moderist poet but omit Frost and Hughes among others.

title: Talk:Poetry/Modernist Poetry


text:
Dieter Krause (field hockey)

Dieter Krause (born 17 December 1937) is a German field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

title: Dieter Krause (field hockey)


text:
Rugudzha

Rugudzha (Ругуджа; Ругъжаб) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Rugudzhinsky Selsoviet, Gunibsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 1,641 as of 2010.

Geography
Rugudzha is located 12 km southwest of Gunib (the district's administrative centre) by road. Khopor and Khutni are the nearest rural localities.

title: Rugudzha


text:
Talk:David M. Walker (U.S. Comptroller General)

Content
On a new line he has some real big change ideas and along with Greenspan will probably turn some heads. I'm thinking about what he said and can appreciate the difficulty in the Senate and Congress. Most of what he said everybody knew but was just afraid to say it which would mean somebody knew. You have to make it a Plausible Deniability thing (you know The Independence Day movie, so who knows? But now we know for sure we are in trouble. Glad to see someone, at least, got a plan. World he deserves a medal for that C-span talk at the Congressional hearing talks.  Bmazak (talk) 08:47, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

My understanding is that a talk page is meant for discussion of editorial changes to the article --- not for general comments about the subject of the article. By that standard, the previous comment does not belong on this talk page. Furthermore, I personally believe that all parts of Wikipedia, including comments on a talk page, should be coherent and grammatical. The previous comment also does not conform to that standard. In fact, all but the second sentence are completely ungrammatical. The same applies to a lesser extent to the following comment. Can we have some quality control?

Dagme (talk) 00:58, 5 September 2011 (UTC)

On the external link for the 60 minute, it has comment at the end of its title " -scary!". While I do not disagree with this statement about the video, it is unnecessary. Also is there a non-Ron Pauled version of that video? Again, good information from 60 minutes with a Ron Paul wrapper. Nothing against Ron Paul, just trying to make this a little bit more non-partisan. Bcomnes 16:27, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

It seems like the section on GAO's vote for a union and salary issues should be in the "Government Accountability Office" article and not the "David M. Walker" article. It would seem more relevant there. --Squash1978 15:45, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Neutrality
The section related to GAO employees seems to be biased towards one point of view. Specifically, statements such as, "Mr. Walker's tenure as Comptroller General has become fraught with conflict..." and "...culminating in a historic vote..." are opinion and lack fairness of tone. Additionally, the section appears biased because it places undue weight on GAO management's salary actions and only provides one point of view to what appears to be a fairly contentious issue. --Squash1978 15:33, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

It is a factual statement that Mr. Walker's tenure has become "fraught with conflict" with employees. It is that conflict that led GAO analysts to approve establishing a union, for the first time in GAO's 86-year history. That fact is also why it is "historic." When something major occurs at a government agency--in this case the investigative arm of the U.S. Congress--for the first time in almost a century, that qualifies as "historic." It is not biassed to make that statement. Further, "fraught with conflict" accurately sums up the situation of the past several yaers. As for placing undue weight on GAO's management's salary actions, that is precisely one of the single most important reasons GAO analysts approved a union. Some 1,800 GAO analysts were denied the same COLAs as all other 2+ milllion federal employees in both Jan. 2006 and Jan. 2007; several hundred GAO analysts were denied COLAs entirely. It is not clear on what basis the critic above claims that undue weight has been placed on these actions. Finally, the critic appears to cede the case when he/she states that these were a "contentious issue"; that pretty much sums it up. Fraught with conflict. See May 22 US House of Representatives Subcommitte on Federal Personnel hearing for statements by members of the House on questionable GAO management practices. Due to potential retaliation by GAO management, this commentary will not be signed. Wikipedia should recognize the potential for such retaliation by retributive management. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Melson3 (talk • contribs) 01:23, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

I still see a number of problems with the section in question. Above all else, this section needs to conform to Wikipedia's guidelines for Biographies of living persons (BLP) and for a Neutral point of view (NPOV). BLP specifically states that "Biographies of living people should be written responsibly, conservatively, and in a neutral, encyclopedic tone." The section in question is written in a critical tone and contains information that is irrelevant to David Walker's biography. This section seems to be written from the point of view of someone who voted to form a union at GAO. However, the article states that 1/3 of GAO employees voted against forming a union, which indicates that another relevant point of view exits and needs to be presented in order to ensure a fair tone. Please refer to the NPOV section on "Fairness of Tone", which states among other things that, "If we are going to characterize disputes neutrally, we should present competing views with a consistently fair and sensitive tone." Furthermore, in my opinion the only information that is directly relevant to David Walker's biography is the fact that GAO employees voted to form a union during his tenure as Comptroller General of the United States. I suggest that the the entire section be replaced with the following:

''During Mr. Walker's tenure as Comptroller General, GAO employees voted (897-445) on September 19, 2007 to establish a union of GAO analysts. The union is affiliated with the International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers (IFPTE), which is a member of the AFL-CIO.''

This removes any bias or opinion and just leaves facts. The rest of the information related to the GAO union belongs in the GAO article and should be deleted from this biography. However, I do not believe that the information about the GAO union is written from a NPOV. It needs to be cleaned up before it is added to another article. --Squash1978 02:11, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

Duplicate Video
Can we get rid of the duplicate entry of the 60 minutes interview? It is shown once on Youtube and again on MyspaceTV. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rick brade (talk • contribs) 08:38, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

He is married to the former Mary Ethredge.
What does that mean? Kingturtle (talk) 19:06, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

shouldn't this be here?
http://www.youtube.com/user/IOUSAtheMovie —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mrmcuker (talk • contribs) 17:43, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

Here is the website URL for the Peter G. Peterson Foundation www.pgpf.org Here is the Wikipedia page for the foundation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_G._Peterson_Foundation — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:31, 24 July 2011 (UTC)

Requested move
move Anthony Appleyard (talk) 05:07, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

David M. Walker (former U.S. Comptroller General) to David M. Walker (U.S. Comptroller General)

The former qualifier is unnecessary. It is absurd to rename articles in this way. For example, the other David M. Walker, David M. Walker (astronaut), isn't found at David M. Walker (former astronaut); John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer) isn't found at John Smith (former Chancellor of the Exchequer); and so on. — Twas Now ( talk • contribs • e-mail ) 05:23, 23 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Support. The article was created at David M. Walker (U.S. Comptroller General). It was moved to David M. Walker (CPA) in April 2008 on grounds that he is "no longer Comptroller General" and then to current title in October, but the word "former" is unnecessary. Station1 (talk) 22:23, 23 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Why not David M. Walker (Comptroller General)? Is there a reason to include the country? As far as I know, there are no other Comptroller Generals by that name. Jafeluv (talk) 12:48, 25 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Agree. You're right, the "U.S." is no more necessary than the "former" for disambiguation. Station1 (talk) 02:11, 26 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Or to continue making things simpler: David Walker (accountant) — Twas Now ( talk • contribs • e-mail ) 13:58, 25 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Although simpler, he is notable as Comptroller General, not as an accountant, so readers are more likely to recognize what they're searching for with his office as qualifier. And he is apparently often referred to using his middle initial. Station1 (talk) 02:11, 26 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Support move. 'U.S.' doesn't, strictly speaking, have to be in the name, but it might be helpful to include it. I'm indifferent either way on that, but 'former' should definitely be removed - we don't call people 'former x' in titles. Robofish (talk) 04:19, 28 May 2009 (UTC)

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