text:
it appears you reverted nine times in 48 hours, four times after being warned and acknowledging the warning after your fourth revert. As for Humus, you need to demonstrate that he reverted four times, as I only see two. —Viriditas | Talk 21:44, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The addition of content with a new citation does not appear to be a revert, as there is significant new material, in the form of a citation, added ... Thanks, Lokiloki 22:10, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I will repeat myself for your benefit: your "addition of content with a new citation" 20:08, 24 March 2006 was a partial/complex revert ("and the viability of a Palestinian state") to your "first edit" 19:37, 24 March 2006 plus the addition of a cite.  You reverted to a previous version and added content.  That's still a revert. —Viriditas | Talk 22:17, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I disagree. The content in question was deleted presumably because the other editor questioned its veracity; the re-addition of that content with a citation is a significant difference, and should not therefore constitute a revert.  If such additions of content, with new citations, are considered reverts, this would result in perpetual stalemate. Lokiloki 22:33, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Just so I'm clear, are you saying that it's ok to revert and violate the 3RR as long as one adds new content? Is that correct?  —Viriditas | Talk 06:38, 27 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Please see Three-revert rule for more information on the specifics of the rule. Lokiloki 06:44, 27 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I'm familiar with the policy. Can you answer my question above, please? —Viriditas | Talk 07:08, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I'd like to point out I find loki's entire complaint quite ludicrous. Lokiloki has beligerantly edited every article he has come in contact with to match his personal POV, he has constantly attempted to get Humus banned even though there is literally no justification other than disagreeing with loki.  I also would like to point out that Loki has committed at least one wiolation of the 3RR himself although instead of running to admins he was warned on the talk page.  Additionally he has probably rejected every compromise that he hasn't personally proposed.- Moshe Constantine Hassan Al-Silverburg | Talk 10:32, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I have not "constantly" tried to get Humus banned: this was my first report of his 3RR. As I have stated in all of the talk pages on the articles that I edit (and to which both Moshe and Humus diligently follow and often re-edit), I fully cite all additions that I make.  Both Humus and Moshe often dispute my citations, questioning the neutrality of the BBC and other sources generally considered to be neutral -- perhaps for these reasons my additions are considered "belligerent".

 * Further, I am not trying to edit articles to "my" POV, but provide neutrally-sourced, accurate, and verifiable counterpoints to articles which currently lack them. As for my so-called inability to compromise, that's an interesting accusation, not least because in this specific dispute, Moshe himself states "Yea I'm fine with your compromise" User_talk:Lokiloki.  I have proposed multiple compromises in this instance quite simply because no one else has, as far as I can remember -- so to claim I don't accept any compromises that I haven't personally proposed... well, who else offered one?  Indeed, it is Humus who has not accepted any other alternative nor even a budge on his steadfastness for his POV caption: it is such bellicosity which is counter-productive, which has presumably resulted in significant POV deeply engrained in the discussed article and related orbiting articles, and which makes Wikipedia a generally unwelcome place for new editors such as myself.

 * -/- Lokiloki 11:20, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

User:Fyodor Dos
Three revert rule violation on.

Reported by: <IP_ADDRESS> 04:17, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Comments:

User was blocked before and has nothing learned. This is an internet troll. Should be blocked permanently. Special:Contributions/Fyodor_Dos shows that this account was created for edit war and rumor against freemasonry only. No other edits, no user page. <IP_ADDRESS> 04:17, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Provide diffs, or I won't do anything. (3RR says three reverts to other editors, not three edits)  Sceptr e  ( Talk  ) 11:46, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Diffs: 1 2 3 4

MSJapan 05:51, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The 1st example you gave is an edit, not a rv. The other 2 3rr rulings made against me were just plain wrong. The 1st time the Admin combined edits I made to different sections on the page, I never rv's the same editor, obviously that Admin doesn't know 3rr. The 2nd time was even more baffling, I had corrected an edit problem I had had twice caused by the page not loading fully which I corrected and noted the reason. It would seem that Admin didn't even bother to look at the history to see what I had edited either. Later after the block had ended I responded on my talk page. There really needs to be some type of training on this subject, it would seem all some admins do is see if you have made more than 3 edits on a page after a complaint and if you have they ban you. There should be a little more investigation done.Fyodor Dos 04:58, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

 * has been indefinitely blocked as a sockpuppet of . 3RR block is now no longer necessary. MSJapan 15:22, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

User:Moshe Constantine Hassan Al-Silverburg
Three revert rule violation on AIPAC.

 * Previous version: (added after William's comment below) 10:38, 25 March 2006 (this shows his first revert back to the earlier version)
 * 1st revert: 10:43, 25 March 2006
 * 2nd revert: 10:46, 25 March 2006
 * 3rd revert: 12:43, 25 March 2006 (this comparison  more clearly shows his removal of all work by intermediary editor)
 * 4th revert: 13:03, 25 March 2006 (this comparison  more clearly shows his removal of all work by intermediary editor)

Reported by: Lokiloki 20:40, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Not obvious the first is a revert William M. Connolley 21:06, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry, this is the "previous version" for his first revert that shows that he reverted back to this version. Lokiloki 21:17, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

OK, #1 is a revert, #3 is labelled rv so is; and #4 is the same. Why is #2 a revert? William M. Connolley 21:50, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi William, here is the comparison of the preceeding version and the 2nd revert . You will notice that the content is exactly the same... except for the addition of a paragraph break.  In the edit that I made and which he reverted, I added a phrase and a paragraph break (unfortunately, Wikipedia seems to treat the entire content as new when using diff, rather than simply showing the break) -- when he reverted, he deleted all of the text content that I added, and kept only the paragraph break.  I assume that this still constitutes an undoing, in whole or in part, of another editor's work, despite his having kept only the paragraph break. Lokiloki 21:56, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Comment: I'm a little concerned at the double standard here. Moshe_Constantine_Hassan_Al-Silverburg was given a 3RR warning at 13:16, 25 March 2006 (UTC), after which no further reverts were made, but he was blocked for 24 hours at 20:53, 25 March 2006 (UTC). Lokiloki was given a 3RR warning at 13:37, 23 March, acknowledged the warning, and continued to revert four more times. He has not been blocked. See Administrators%27_noticeboard/3RR for details. —Viriditas | Talk 21:58, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I can't see a 3RR violation here. Moshe has made four edits in the last 24 hours. At 10:43, he deleted a section added (I believe) by Lokiloki (an edit, not a revert); at 10:46, he deleted a different unsourced passage (an edit, not a revert); at 12:43, he reverted a bunch of edits made by an anon IP; and at 13:03 reverted the same edits by the same anon. So I count two reverts there. SlimVirgin (talk) 22:11, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Huh? So simply "editing" a page and returning it to a prior version (as he did on the 1st and 2nd reverts) is not an actual revert, even if it returns to an exact prior version?  That's interesting to know... that means people can simply "edit" other users' contributions and in the process delete them, and that won't be counted as a revert... even if it is returned to an exact same state?  ..."he deleted a section added (I believe) by Lokiloki (an edit, not a revert)"...  Wow.  So deleting new added content is not considered a revert?  That surely seems an inaccurate reading of the revert rule. Lokiloki 22:15, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The thing is that deleting something always involves by definition a revert to a version that didn't contain that material, but people do have to be allowed to delete, so whether it's a technically a revert within the terms of 3RR depends on context. I'll take another look. SlimVirgin (talk) 22:20, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Okay, so there is some subjectivity to the 3RR? Some deletions will be considered reverts, but some won't?  I haven't seen that interpretation in reading through other 3RR disputes above.  As for the "unsourced passage" that was deleted, you can see that I simply added the phrase "a pro-Israeli media watchdog", which, despite being the exact same wording on the Wiki page for that group, is pretty well accepted.  Instead of deleting, he could have used  or some other request for sources (notice the multiple citation requests already in this article), rather than outright deletion.  Similarly, the "inflammatory" passage that he removed IS part of the discussed report.  Lokiloki 22:23, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Ah yes, what we are missing is 2006-03-25 21:53:50 Sceptre blocked "Moshe Constantine Hassan Al-Silverburg (contribs)" with an expiry time of 24 hours (3rr). Hmmm. I'm still not convinced this is 4R William M. Connolley 22:37, 25 March 2006 (UTC).

 * I also was not aware that had happened. In any case, I continue to maintain that there were 4 reverts: his initial entire deletion of the passage that I added reverted to an exact same prior version; his second deletion of the entire text content that I added reverted to an exact same prior version, save for a paragraph break; his third and fourth deletions of another editor's additions which he labeled as "reverts". I also note that in his talk section he was warned about such reverts. Lokiloki 22:40, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, there's a degree of subjectivity in complex, partial 3RR assessments. I've taken a closer look, and very strictly speaking, Moshe violated 3RR in that at 10:43 he deleted an edit you had made at 10:41  ("the report itself states ..."), thereby reverting to a previous version, and at 10:46  deleted another of your 10:41 edits  ("a pro-Israeli media watchdog," which he could have deleted too at 10:43, but for some reason overlooked or chose not to); then at 12:38 and 13:02 he reverted unrelated substantial edits made by an anon IP that resolves to Rogers in Toronto (was that you, by the way?).

 * As I see it, his mistake was to delete your 10:41 edits in two stages: one at 10:43 and one at 10:46. My guess is that he didn't see these as two reverts, because nothing relevant happened in between them (you did make an edit in between, but it wasn't related, and he may not even have realized you were continuing to edit). So yes, technically he did make four reverts, which is a violation, but I don't think he intended to, and as he hasn't been blocked before for 3RR, and made no edits after being warned that he might have violated it, I personally would not have blocked him.

 * Also, Loki, you've made at least 45 edits in the last day or so to this page reporting people for 3RR. I'm wondering whether you might be too focused on finding technical violations rather than trying to find compromises with people. SlimVirgin (talk)  22:44, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, as you can tell by looking at my edit history, I make many changes to my edits so as to correct spelling, etc. I have tried with great effort to compromise with this user, but, given his distrust of the BBC and other sources and given his frequent deletions of anything that I add that is not completely cited, I am growing increasingly dissillusioned.  I will most assuredly try to compromise in the future.  //  No, the other IP editor is not me.  Lokiloki 02:16, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

User:<IP_ADDRESS> and User:<IP_ADDRESS> (both addresses belong to the AOL pool)
Three revert rule violation on and. , :

Goce Delchev

 * Previous version reverted to: 23:55, 24 March 2006
 * 1st revert: 19:52
 * 2nd revert: 20:14
 * 3rd revert: 20:56
 * 4th revert: 20:59

Dame Gruev

 * Previous version reverted to: 24 March 2006 20:17
 * 1st revert: 19:36
 * 2nd revert: 21:14
 * 3rd revert: 20:10
 * 4th revert: 21:05

Reported by: FunkyFly 21:10, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Comments:

 * The anonymous user has been warned yesterday. FunkyFly 21:10, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Also, the user has persistently pushed POV in the pages Todor Aleksandrov, Gjorche Petrov and Jane Sandanski.

I've blocked ...19, but I only seem to be allowed to do so for 15 mins since they are AOL :-( William M. Connolley 21:55, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * At least you can force him to disconnect his modem and redial. FunkyFly 22:02, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Check recent contribs William M. Connolley 22:31, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

User:Lou franklin
Three revert rule violation on again. :

 * Previous version reverted to: 13:26, 23 March 2006
 * 1st revert: 01:14, 25 March 2006
 * 2nd revert: 03:10, 25 March 2006
 * 3rd revert: 16:19, 25 March 2006
 * 4th revert: 21:47, 25 March 2006
 * 5th revert: 23:47, 25 March 2006

Reported by: Sam Blanning (formerly Malthusian) (talk) 23:04, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Comments:
 * Lou has been blocked for 3RR on this same article 5 times now. Last block was for 48 hours. I'm too involved to block him myself. --Sam Blanning (formerly Malthusian) (talk) 23:04, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

48h again William M. Connolley 10:42, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

User:Adkagansu
Three revert rule violation on. :

 * Previous version reverted to:
 * 1st revert:
 * 2nd revert:
 * 3rd revert:
 * 4th revert:
 * 5th revert:

Reported by: --Aldux 01:02, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Comments: I have taken no part in this dispute. The editor was clearly aware of the 3RR, as he himself confessed on the talk page of a user, saying "I am aware of the 3RR, I could have asked one of the Turkish users to change it for me but I didn't. Why? Because I am tired, I am going to bed and I did what was right to do." . The editor has often been abusive and agressive to other editors, as when he said: "The only difference between a chauvinist Greek and a race obsessed SS is nobody takes the first seriously; that's why people consider your Aryan obsession cute and let you get away with it. But I won't" --Aldux 01:02, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Defense (I guess)

I always spoke the truth on Wikipedia in the couple of months I was here; some users may not liked what I was saying and regard some of what I said as insults but my words were never vulgar or distasteful, I prefer sharp humor usually. Anyway, you are reporting me for the 3RR. Here is my victim:

“ Despite its extremely multi-ethnic character, the Ottoman state was commonly known in its days as the Turkish Empire”

Miskin’s addition in bold letters. This is one of the introduction sentences to the Ottoman Empire page therefore it is important. For hours I explained why it was redundant to add that into the sentence, as if all empires aren’t multi-ethnic (And yes legaly recognised Imperial Japan is multi-ethnic as well) and this makes it sound like Turkish Empire was an exception. This article will probably be featured in a couple of weeks, I don’t want it to look it was written by elementary school kids. I made these points, waited for the Greek users to revert it back and show their good faith, they didn’t. Then I did and then Miskin reverted it back, makes you wonder what his/her intentions are. And I could have very well asked another user to revert it back for me, like they always do here on Wikipedia but I didn’t. Why? Because I was doing what was right and I assumed good faith from others. I guess I was wrong.

What’s ironic is it is neither Miskin, Latinus or Nikos reporting, with whom I had the discussion, but you, with whom I had no exchange. Just know that silencing me won’t do Wikipedia any good. You are putting down a voice that was fighting POV pushers and contributing to articles to have NPOV, even when some Turkish –I am Turk as well- users didn’t like what I was adding and deleting to keep the article NPOV like in the Turkish Cypriots page.

So I am condemned for comparing chauvinist Greeks to Nazis and for reverting a repeated mistake 5 times. Waiting for the verdict.--Kagan the Barbarian 08:07, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The verdict is: you have broken 3RR and so will be blocked for it. I make no judgement of the content William M. Connolley 10:50, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I knew 3R was not allowed, saw people mentioning it but didn't know its penalty was blocking. I never read the article about it and nobody sent it to me; Latinus did after I broke the 3RR . I guess I shouldn't have said "I know what it is" but then again if I knew what it is, that its penalty was blocking, I wouldn't say "I know what it is", would I? I can assure it won't happen again and it is the best excuse I can give really. Too much talk, your decision.--Kagan the Barbarian 11:32, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * If it helps, I'd like to request Connolley to show some lenience. Please note that I am one of the parties opposed in the discussion with Adkagansu (but in the wrong place: Talk:Greeks). Just reduce his "sentence", he didn't know, and the subject is unimportant (redundant or not addition of the word "multiethnic"). As a Greek, I am proud that the Hellenic Empire was once "extremely multiethnic" too. N i k o S il v e r   (T)@(C) 20:16, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

User:Perry8331
Three revert rule violation on. :

 * Previous version reverted to:
 * 1st revert:
 * 2nd revert:
 * 3rd revert:
 * 4th revert:
 * 5th revert:
 * 6th revert:
 * 7th revert:
 * 8th revert:

Reported by: --Eenu (talk) 01:31, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Comments: I am not involved with this, and I don't know if both of the involved parties are to blame, or just one. 3bulletproof16 keeps adding an additional piece of trivia to WrestleMania 22 and Perry8331 keeps on reverting it back. However, in 3bulletproof16's edit summaries, he keeps encouraging Perry8331 to discuss it on the talk page, but there has been no effort by either parties to do so. --Eenu (talk) 01:31, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

User:<IP_ADDRESS>
Three revert rule violation on. :

 * Previous version reverted to: Revision as of 00:13, 25 March 2006
 * 1st revert: Revision as of 03:44, 25 March 2006
 * 2nd revert: Revision as of 14:07, 25 March 2006
 * 3rd revert: Revision as of 14:20, 25 March 2006
 * 4th revert: Revision as of 14:34, 25 March 2006
 * 5th revert: Revision as of 14:48, 25 March 2006
 * 6th revert: Revision as of 00:03, 26 March 2006
 * 7th revert: Revision as of 17:03, 26 March 2006

Reported by: Duffer 02:12, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Comments: Vandal who's been harrassing Jehovah's Witness related articles this past week. Duffer 02:12, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

-What's the hold up? Duffer 05:46, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

User:SikimTurki/User:Haramov
Three revert rule violation on. /:

 * Previous version reverted to: 02:13, 26 March 2006
 * 1st revert: 02:45, 26 March 2006 (as SikimTurki)
 * 2nd revert: 03:01, 26 March 2006 (as SikimTurki)
 * 3rd revert: 03:19, 26 March 2006 (as SikimTurki)
 * 4th revert: 03:30, 26 March 2006 (as Haramov, obvious sock)

Reported by: Khoikhoi 03:39, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Comments:
 * User knows about 3RR because I warned him/her about it here. --Khoikhoi 03:39, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

User:MSJapan and Blueboar
Three revert rule violation on.

 * 1st revert: Revision as of 05:47, 26 March 2006
 * 2nd revert: Revision as of 05:36, 26 March 2006
 * 3rd revert: Revision as of 05:23, 26 March 2006
 * 4th revert: Revision as of 05:10, 26 March 2006

Combining their deletions to circumvent Three revert rule, refuse to discuss their deletions, provide no summaries or references. I have provided a total of 7 total references for my edits. Both editors are members of the same organization according to their user pages.Fyodor Dos 06:00, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

"He just got 3RR blocked, so feel free to rv completely back to the proper version. MSJapan 15:23, 24 March 2006 (UTC)" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Blueboar#Fyodor_Dos Fyodor Dos 06:29, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Additional indication the two editors are working together to combine their edits and circumvent Three revert rule:

 * Additionally User:MSJapan has made four complaints against me in as many days. He made a check user request against me accusing me of being a sock that was denied, he made a vandalism complaint against me, and he has just made an abusively worded arbitration complaint against me here, and he has now made another check user request against me here!Fyodor Dos 07:05, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * This is just a revenge because this user was blocked two times because of 3RR. It readds its speculative POV again and again without being able to proof something at all. These "references" are just part of some diversion tactics, e.g. the cabala has nothing to do with Freemasonry, so the user tries to claim that Freemasonry has Rosicrucianism origin concurrently (which is wrong), to "proof" its discreditation. Special:Contributions/Fyodor_Dos shows that this account has no other function and that this is an internet troll. <IP_ADDRESS> 06:44, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The 2nd 3rr was was caused by two of the edits being corrections of page loading problems, which I noted, and were corrected. They were not reverts. The first wasn't 3rr either, the admin didn't investigate my edits enough, if he had he would have seen that they were for different sections on the same page. But once you are hit with this you can't defend yourself and then you get tagged with a 3rr label. I am trying to be very careful about 3rr, but it is extremely difficult when there is a group of editors working together to rv all my edits, and making multiple allegations on every Wiki complaint page, such as is occuring. This group doesn't like my edits to the pages they feel they 'own', as they have done to others previously. It really is a cabal of sorts at work here.Fyodor Dos 05:06, 27 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Just for the record, User:Fyodor_Dos was indefinitely blocked as a sockpuppet of User:Lightbringer. MSJapan 15:24, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

User:<IP_ADDRESS>
Three revert rule violation on. :

 * This IP address is at like, 10RR on this page just today and this is recurring vandalism. Just take a look at the contribs.  Please block 4-evah, you'll be loved.

Reported by: SchmuckyTheCat 06:57, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Comments:I didn't bother showing 4 diffs, the IP contribs are only on that and one other article and clearly show a fixation with vandalizing (removing sourced information) from the page.

 * Blocked 8h William M. Connolley 10:39, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

User:<IP_ADDRESS>
Three revert rule violation on. :

 * Previous version reverted to: [Link Time]
 * 1st revert:
 * 2nd revert:
 * 3rd revert:
 * 4th revert:

Reported by: Loren 09:19, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

3RR violation by myself and anon who continuously violates agreed upon guidelines on Naming conventions (Chinese). Anon claims including "(Taiwan)" in ROC related articles is "not approved". Regretebbly I got caught up in the heat of the moment and went over 3 reverts on  and. See User's talak page for more details. I am blocking myself for 3RR violation and hope someone else can address the issue. -Loren 09:16, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Blocked for 24 hours.--MONGO 10:22, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

User:Swatjester
Three revert rule violation on Religious_Conversion. :

 * Previous version reverted to: [Link Time]
 * 1st revert: 12:10, 26 March 2006
 * 2nd revert: 12:11, 26 March 2006
 * 3rd revert: 12:16, 26 March 2006
 * 4th revert: 12:24, 26 March 2006

Reported by: Germen (Talk | Contribs ) 12:36, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Comments: Even there wasn't an attempt of a discussion. --Germen (Talk | Contribs ) 12:36, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Uh, except for the fact that I HAVEN'T violated 3RR: the 2nd revert was a reversion of myself because the first one went back farther than I wanted. ⇒  SWAT Jester    Ready    Aim    Fire!  12:39, 26 March 2006 (UTC) I especially like this diff where you call me unmotivated, lazy, and POV in the edit summary. ⇒  ⇒   SWAT Jester    Ready    Aim    Fire!  12:40, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * revert is revert.--Germen (Talk | Contribs Netherlands flag small.svg) 12:41, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Except for, you know, the part of 3RR that says you're allowed to revert yourself. Try reading policy before making claims.

See, from WP:3RR "This rule does not apply to:

 * self-reverts" ⇒  SWAT Jester  [[Image:Flag_of_Iceland.svg|18px|]]  Ready    Aim    Fire!  12:43, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Great, now motivate why you are reverting other users. I added well-sourced information and made several sections more NPOV, which substantially improve the quality of the article. Besides that, reversions are not the recommended course of action when you think a page needs improvement. As an administrator you are expected to be well aware of this. --Germen (Talk | Contribs Netherlands flag small.svg) 12:49, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Except uh....I'm not an administrator. And your claims were highly pov, unsourced, and unreferenced. That's why I reverted, as claimed in WP:V where un-sourced claims may be deleted. If you'll note, my second revert reinserted all your claims: I was just removing the one that says "Christians believe Christ is their personal lord and savior" as it's a blanket statement that is unsourced and unreferenced.  ⇒   SWAT Jester  [[Image:Flag_of_Iceland.svg|18px|]]  Ready    Aim    Fire!  12:50, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * OK, I got the source of the misunderstanding. My apologies. To be a little less concise while explaining your reverts would help next time, though. --Germen (Talk | Contribs Netherlands flag small.svg) 12:55, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

I count 3 reverts; the two together count as one, obviously William M. Connolley 12:45, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Complaint withdrawn. --Germen (Talk | Contribs Netherlands flag small.svg) 12:55, 26 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Bernard Rapoport

Neutral point of view
I just added Template:POV to this article, because in its current state it's merely a puff piece for the founder of a controversial organization. I agree with the anonymous commenter below (disregarding the poor formatting) that this article was created with the sole purpose of painting American Income Life Insurance Company in a better light, but I'm not familiar enough with WP:Notability to be confident in arguing for deletion. Ars3nic (talk) 07:34, 21 September 2020 (UTC)

Additional bio?
There's a medium-length??... biography, with something like interviews (I'm listening to the audiobook but will check the original to see what sort of references there are... it sounds like it's based on a number of interviews, anyhow...) inside of Molly Ivins' (and Lou Dubose's) 2003 book Bushwhacked : Life in George W. Bush's America. (Chapter 2.) Schissel | Sound the Note! 04:47, 6 April 2013 (UTC)

This is all junk anc this wiki as well as the ail one are simply placed here to provide a disreputable business with a disarming front. They should both be taken down. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:59, 7 June 2013 (UTC)

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source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Bernard Rapoport


text:
User:AMOL SONVANE

AMOL VASANT SONVANE (born 18 JUNE 1984; PARANDA, Maharashtra India) is an COMPUTER INSTITUTE TEACHER OF PRANEETI COMPUTER CENTER from the state of Maharashtra.HE IS MARRIED NISHA HE HAS ONE DAUGHTER "PRANEETI AMOL SONVANE"

title: User:AMOL SONVANE


text:
LPI Linux Certification/LPIC1 Exam 101/Detailed Objectives

The following material is directly from the Linux Professional Institute at Objectives 101 reprinted with their permission. Note that their inclusion in this book in no way signifies endorsement on the part of LPI.

This is a required exam for LPI certification Level 1. It covers basic system administration skills that are common across all distributions of Linux.

Each objective is assigned a weighting value. The weights range roughly from 1 to 10, and indicate the relative importance of each objective. Objectives with higher weights will be covered in the exam with more questions.

1.101.1 Configure Fundamental BIOS Settings

 * Weight: 1

Description: ''Candidates should be able to configure fundamental system hardware by making the correct settings in the system BIOS. This objective includes a proper understanding of BIOS configuration issues such as the use of LBA on IDE hard disks larger than 1024 cylinders, enabling or disabling integrated peripherals, as well as configuring systems with (or without) external peripherals such as keyboards. It also includes the correct setting for IRQ, DMA and I/O addresses for all BIOS administrated ports and settings for error handling.''

Key files terms and utilities include: /proc/ioports /proc/interrupts /proc/dma /proc/pci

1.101.3 Configure Modem and Sound cards

 * Weight: 1

Description: Ensure devices meet compatibility requirements (particularly that the modem is NOT a win-modem), verify that both the modem and sound card are using unique and correct IRQ's, I/O, and DMA addresses, if the sound card is PnP install and run sndconfig and isapnp, configure modem for outbound dial-up, configure modem for outbound PPP | SLIP | CSLIP connection, set serial port for 115.2 Kbps.

1.101.4 Setup SCSI Devices

 * Weight: 1

Description: ''Candidates should be able to configure SCSI devices using the SCSI BIOS as well as the necessary Linux tools. They also should be able to differentiate between the various types of SCSI. This objective includes manipulating the SCSI BIOS to detect used and available SCSI IDs and setting the correct ID number for different devices especially the boot device. It also includes managing the settings in the computer's BIOS to determine the desired boot sequence if both SCSI and IDE drives are used.''

Key files terms and utilities include: SCSI ID /proc/scsi/ scsi_info

1.101.5 Setup different PC expansion cards

 * Weight: 3

Description: ''Candidates should be able to configure various cards for the various expansion slots. They should know the differences between ISA and PCI cards with respect to configuration issues. This objective includes the correct settings of IRQs, DMAs and I/O Ports of the cards, especially to avoid conflicts between devices. It also includes using isapnp if the card is an ISA PnP device.''

Key files terms and utilities include: /proc/dma /proc/interrupts /proc/ioports /proc/pci pnpdump(8) isapnp(8) lspci(8)

1.101.6 Configure Communication Devices

 * Weight: 1

Description: ''Candidates should be able to install and configure different internal and external communication devices like modems, ISDN adapters, and DSL switches. This objective includes verification of compatibility requirements (especially important if that modem is a winmodem), necessary hardware settings for internal devices (IRQs, DMAs, I/O ports), and loading and configuring suitable device drivers. It also includes communication device and interface configuration requirements, such as the right serial port for 115.2 Kbps, and the correct modem settings for outbound PPP connection(s).''

Key files terms and utilities include: /proc/dma /proc/interrupts /proc/ioports setserial(8)

1.101.7 Configure USB devices

 * Weight: 1

Description: ''Candidates should be able to activate USB support, use and configure different USB devices. This objective includes the correct selection of the USB chipset and the corresponding module. It also includes the knowledge of the basic architecture of the layer model of USB as well as the different modules used in the different layers..''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>lspci(8)</tt> usb-uhci.o usb-ohci.o /etc/usbmgr/ usbmodules /etc/hotplug

1.102.1 Design hard disk layout

 * Weight: 5

Description: ''Candidates should be able to design a disk partitioning scheme for a Linux system. This objective includes allocating filesystems or swap space to separate partitions or disks, and tailoring the design to the intended use of the system. It also includes placing /boot on a partition that conforms with the BIOS' requirements for booting.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: / (root) filesystem /var filesystem /home filesystem swap space mount points partitions cylinder 1024

1.102.2 Install a boot manager

 * Weight: 1

Description: ''Candidate should be able to select, install, and configure a boot manager. This objective includes providing alternative boot locations and backup boot options (for example, using a boot floppy).''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: /etc/lilo.conf /boot/grub/grub.conf <tt>lilo grub-install</tt> MBR superblock first stage boot loader

1.102.3 Make and install programs from source

 * Weight: 5

Description: ''Candidates should be able to build and install an executable program from source. This objective includes being able to unpack a file of sources. Candidates should be able to make simple customizations to the Makefile, for example changing paths or adding extra include directories.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>gunzip gzip bzip2 tar configure make</tt>

1.102.4 Manage shared libraries

 * Weight: 3

Description: ''Candidates should be able to determine the shared libraries that executable programs depend on and install them when necessary. Candidates should be able to state where system libraries are kept.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>ldd ldconfig</tt> /etc/ld.so.conf LD_LIBRARY_PATH

1.102.5 Use Debian package management

 * Weight: 8

Description: ''Candidates should be able to perform package management skills using the Debian package manager. This objective includes being able to use command-line and interactive tools to install, upgrade, or uninstall packages, as well as find packages containing specific files or software (such packages might or might not be installed). This objective also includes being able to obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrity and installation status (whether or not the package is installed).''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: unpack configure /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg /var/lib/dpkg/* /etc/apt/apt.conf /etc/apt/sources.list <tt>dpkg dselect dpkg-reconfigure apt-get alien</tt>

1.102.6 Use Red Hat Package Manager (RPM)

 * Weight: 8

Description: ''Candidates should be able to perform package management under Linux distributions that use RPMs for package distribution. This objective includes being able to install, re-install, upgrade, and remove packages, as well as obtain status and version information on packages. This objective also includes obtaining package information such as version, status, dependencies, integrity, and signatures. Candidates should be able to determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: /etc/rpmrc /usr/lib/rpm/* <tt>rpm grep</tt>

1.103.1 Work on the command line

 * Weight: 5

Description: ''Candidates should be able to Interact with shells and commands using the command line. This includes typing valid commands and command sequences, defining, referencing and exporting environment variables, using command history and editing facilities, invoking commands in the path and outside the path, using command substitution, applying commands recursively through a directory tree and using man to find out about commands.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: . <tt>bash echo env exec export man pwd set unset</tt> ~/.bash_history ~/.profile

1.103.2 Process text streams using filters

 * Weight: 6

Description: ''Candidates should should be able to apply filters to text streams. Tasks include sending text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output, and using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>cat cut expand fmt head join nl od paste pr sed sort split tac tail tr unexpand uniq wc</tt>

1.103.3 Perform basic file management

 * Weight: 3

Description: ''Candidates should be able to use the basic UNIX commands to copy, move, and remove files and directories. Tasks include advanced file management operations such as copying multiple files recursively, removing directories recursively, and moving files that meet a wildcard pattern. This includes using simple and advanced wildcard specifications to refer to files, as well as using find to locate and act on files based on type, size, or time.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>cp find mkdir mv ls rm rmdir touch</tt> file globbing

1.103.4 Use streams, pipes, and redirects

 * Weight: 5

Description: ''Candidates should be able to redirect streams and connect them in order to efficiently process textual data. Tasks include redirecting standard input, standard output, and standard error, piping the output of one command to the input of another command, using the output of one command as arguments to another command and sending output to both stdout and a file.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>tee xargs < << > >> ` `</tt>

1.103.5 Create, monitor, and kill processes

 * Weight: 5

Description: ''Candidates should be able to manage processes. This includes knowing how to run jobs in the foreground and background, bring a job from the background to the foreground and vice versa, start a process that will run without being connected to a terminal and signal a program to continue running after logout. Tasks also include monitoring active processes, selecting and sorting processes for display, sending signals to processes, killing processes and identifying and killing X applications that did not terminate after the X session closed.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>& bg fg jobs kill nohup ps top</tt>

1.103.6 Modify process execution priorities

 * Weight: 3

Description: ''Candidates should should be able to manage process execution priorities. Tasks include running a program with higher or lower priority, determining the priority of a process and changing the priority of a running process.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>nice ps renice top</tt>

1.103.7 Search text files using regular expressions

 * Weight: 3

Description: ''Candidates should be able to manipulate files and text data using regular expressions. This objective includes creating simple regular expressions containing several notational elements. It also includes using regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>grep regexp sed</tt>

1.103.8 Perform basic file editing operations using vi

 * Weight: 1

Description: ''Candidates should be able to edit text files using vi. This objective includes vi navigation, basic vi nodes, inserting, editing, deleting, copying, and finding text.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>vi</tt> /, ? h,j,k,l G, H, L i, c, d, dd, p, o, a ZZ, :w!, :q!, :e! :!

1.104.1 Create partitions and filesystems

 * Weight: 3

Description: ''Candidates should be able to configure disk partitions and then create filesystems on media such as hard disks. This objective includes using various mkfs commands to set up partitions to various filesystems, including ext2, ext3, reiserfs, vfat, and xfs.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>fdisk mkfs</tt>

1.104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems

 * Weight: 3

Description: ''Candidates should be able to verify the integrity of filesystems, monitor free space and inodes, and repair simple filesystem problems. This objective includes the commands required to maintain a standard filesystem, as well as the extra data associated with a journaling filesystem.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>du df fsck e2fsck mke2fs debugfs dumpe2fs tune2fs</tt>

1.104.3 Control mounting and unmounting filesystems

 * Weight: 3

Description: ''Candidates should be able to configure the mounting of a filesystem. This objective includes the ability to manually mount and unmount filesystems, configure filesystem mounting on bootup, and configure user mountable removeable filesystems such as tape drives, floppies, and CDs.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: /etc/fstab <tt>mount umount</tt>

1.104.4 Managing disk quota

 * Weight: 3

Description: ''Candidates should be able to manage disk quotas for users. This objective includes setting up a disk quota for a filesystem, editing, checking, and generating user quota reports.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>quota edquota repquota quotaon</tt>

1.104.5 Use file permissions to control access to files

 * Weight: 5

Description: ''Candidates should be able to control file access through permissions. This objective includes access permissions on regular and special files as well as directories. Also included are access modes such as suid, sgid, and the sticky bit, the use of the group field to grant file access to workgroups, the immutable flag, and the default file creation mode.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>chmod umask chattr</tt>

1.104.6 Manage file ownership

 * Weight: 1

Description: ''Candidates should be able to control user and group ownership of files. This objective includes the ability to change the user and group owner of a file as well as the default group owner for new files.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>chmod chown chgrp</tt>

1.104.7 Create and change hard and symbolic links

 * Weight: 1

Description: ''Candidates should be able to create and manage hard and symbolic links to a file. This objective includes the ability to create and identify links, copy files through links, and use linked files to support system administration tasks.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>ln</tt>

1.104.8 Find system files and place files in the correct location

 * Weight: 5

Description: ''Candidates should be thoroughly familiar with the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard, including typical file locations and directory classifications. This objective includes the ability to find files and commands on a Linux system.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>find locate slocate updatedb whereis which</tt> /etc/updatedb.conf

1.110.1 Install & Configure XFree86

 * Weight: 5

Description: ''Candidate should be able to configure and install X and an X font server. This objective includes verifying that the video card and monitor are supported by an X server, as well as customizing and tuning X for the videocard and monitor. It also includes installing an X font server, installing fonts, and configuring X to use the font server (may require a manual edit of /etc/X11/XF86Config in the "Files" section).''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: <tt>XF86Setup xf86config xvidtune</tt> /etc/X11/XF86Config .Xresources

1.110.2 Setup a display manager

 * Weight: 3

Description: ''Candidate should be able setup and customize a Display manager. This objective includes turning the display manager on or off and changing the display manager greeting. This objective includes changing default bitplanes for the display manager. It also includes configuring display managers for use by X-stations. This objective covers the display managers XDM (X Display Manger), GDM (Gnome Display Manager) and KDM (KDE Display Manager).''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: /etc/inittab /etc/X11/xdm/* /etc/X11/kdm/* /etc/X11/gdm/*

1.110.4 Install & Customize a Window Manager Environment

 * Weight: 5

Description: ''Candidate should be able to customize a system-wide desktop environment and/or window manager, to demonstrate an understanding of customization procedures for window manager menus and/or desktop panel menus. This objective includes selecting and configuring the desired x-terminal (xterm, rxvt, aterm etc.), verifying and resolving library dependency issues for X applications, exporting X-display to a client workstation.''

Key files terms and<tt> utilities</tt> include: .xinitrc .Xdefaults <tt>xhost</tt> DISPLAY environment variable

Objectifs détaillés (LPIC101)


text:
Palace Theatre, Albany 1977

Palace Theatre, Albany 1977 is a live album by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, released in August 2017. It is the fifteenth such release by the Bruce Springsteen Archives. The show was recorded on February 7, 1977 at the Palace Theatre in Albany, NY and is the first-ever soundboard recording to surface from the 1977 tour which features early renditions of “Something In The Night,” “Rendezvous” and “The Promise” along with the unreleased original “Action In The Streets” featuring the Miami Horns.

The concert is available on CD and digital download at live.brucespringsteen.net. and as a bundle titled Action in the Streets which also includes Auditorium Theatre, Rochester, NY 1977.

Track listing
All songs by Bruce Springsteen, except where noted.

Main set

 * 1) "Something in the Night" – 6:06
 * 2) "Spirit in the Night" – 6:59
 * 3) "Rendezvous" – 3:31
 * 4) "It's My Life" – 13:21
 * 5) *originally written by Brill Building, Roger Atkins and Carl D'Errico, and recorded by The Animals
 * 6) "Thunder Road" – 6:39
 * 7) "Mona" – 4:27
 * 8) *originally written by Ellas McDaniel, and recorded by Bo Diddley
 * 9) "She's the One" – 6:15
 * 10) "The Promise" – 6:12
 * 11) "Backstreets" – 12:26
 * 12) "Growin' Up" – 9:43
 * 13) "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out" – 4:52
 * 14) "Jungleland" – 10:48
 * 15) "Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)" – 10:19
 * 16) "4th of July, Asbury Park (Sandy)" – 7:29
 * 17) "Action in the Streets" – 4:14
 * 18) "Born to Run" – 3:53

Personnel
The E Street Band
 * Bruce Springsteen – lead vocals, electric guitar, harmonica, piano
 * Roy Bittan – piano, backing vocals
 * Clarence Clemons – tenor saxophone, baritone saxophones, percussion, background vocals
 * Garry Tallent – bass guitar
 * Steven Van Zandt – electric guitar, background vocals
 * Danny Federici – organ, glockenspiel, accordion
 * Max Weinberg – drums

Miami Horns
 * Ed De Palma – saxophone
 * John Binkley – trumpet
 * Steve Paraczky – trumpet, flugelhorn
 * Dennis Orlock – trombone

title: Palace Theatre, Albany 1977


text:
2001–02 WHL season

The 2001–02 WHL season was the 36th season of the Western Hockey League (WHL). The league expanded to nineteen teams with the addition of the Vancouver Giants. The Red Deer Rebels won their second consecutive Scotty Munro Memorial Trophy for posting the best regular season record; the Rebels also returned to the championship series for a second straight here. However, the Kootenay Ice defeated the Rebels to win their second President's Cup and a berth in the 2002 Memorial Cup, where the Ice would win their first Memorial Cup title.

League notes

 * The Vancouver Giants joined the WHL as its 19th franchise. This precipitated a new standings format, with the league moving from three divisions to four, divided into Eastern and Western Conferences. The Swift Current Broncos moved from the East to the Central division, and the Kootenay Ice movied from the Central to the new B.C. Division—the old West Division was divided into the B.C. and U.S. Divisions.
 * The top four teams in each division qualified for the playoffs, with the caveat that the 5th place team in the B.C. Division could qualify in place of the 4th place team in the U.S. Division if they had a better record.

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalties in minutes

Goaltending leaders
Note: GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties ; GA = Goals against; SO = Total shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average

All-Star games
On January 24, the WHL Eastern All-Stars were defeated by the OHL Western All-Stars 7–2 at Red Deer, Alberta before a crowd of 6,259.

On February 6, the WHL Western All-Stars defeated the QMJHL Dilio All-Stars 9–4 at Rimouski, Quebec before a crowd of 4,762.

All-Star Teams

 * source: Western Hockey League press release

title: 2001–02 WHL season


text:
Anne-Françoise de Fougeret

Anne-Françoise de Fougeret born Anne-Françoise Outremont (1745–1813), was a French socialite and philanthropist who founded one of the first secular women's charity organizations in France, the Société de Charité Maternelle.

Life
Anne-Françoise de Fougeret was married to the rich Parisian financier Jean Fougeret de Chateau Renard, and the mother of the memoir writers Anguelique de Maussion and Elisa de Menerville.

Both her father and her spouse were active within charity. Anne-Françoise de Fougeret had originally been involved in finding wet nurses for abandoned infants, using older women from her husband's estates. They fed the children goat's and cow's milk but three-quarters of them died. De Fougeret realised that the best solution was to help poor mothers feed and nurture their infants, preventing their abandonment.

In 1788, de Fougeret founded the Société de Charité Maternelle to support poor mothers and children. She was its first president, under the protection of Queen Marie Antoinette. The charity continued to operate during the French Revolution, but stopped during the Reign of Terror. In 1801, the charity was revived. De Fougeret's daughters became involved with the charity, but she remained a non-participating member.

During the Reign of Terror, the entire Fougeret family (with the exception of her daughter Elisa, who was abroad), was imprisoned. De Fougeret's husband was guillotined, but the rest of the family was released after the fall of Robespierre.

title: Anne-Françoise de Fougeret


text:
Talk:Probability

About

 * Started: 29 February 2004
 * Size: 12,500 words (Nov 2009)

Discussion 2004
There is a WikiProject in the Wikipedia that aims to produce an annotated table of contents as a guide to learning probability from the Wikipedia. This may serve as useful starting point for extending this WikiBook.

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Probability/Learn

Ben Cairns On Wikipedia 03:39, 13 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Before I contribute too much to this book, I would like to know what level the other contributors are aiming for in terms of mathematical background required and difficulty of examples/exercises.

Here is my suggestion, on which I invite comments: CyborgTosser 10:56, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * In the earlier chapters, keep the math background required to a minimum. Perhaps a good guideline would be nothing that wouldn't be covered in a first year college math class.
 * However, when an example involving more difficult math would be enlightening to those with the background necessary to understand it, mark the example as advanced. Possibly put it in a green box to separate it from the rest of the text.
 * Include proofs in appendices. This would also be a good place for more involved examples that require advanced math.

Book structure
Given the scope of probability theory, shouldn't we group combinatorics and permutations in a single chapter? edit: as I've started working on the combinaorics chapter - and have introduced permutations there - I changed it. If this causes any probelm, welll, we'll edit it back the way it was.

I think it would make more sense and make the book more accessible if discrete random variables (including examples) were discussed first, and then move on to continuous rvs with pdfs etc. The concept of discrete rvs is far easier to grasp and so separating that out is useful for those uninterested in continuous RVs. Also for people reading the whole book, it allows them to get to grips with the concept of a random variable, the notation etc, without the worrying inclusion of continuous RVs having probability 0 of taking any particular value. --MarkyParky 23:31, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

Introduction to Probability textbook
It turns out that there's a 520-page textbook on probability which has been GPL'd and made available as a free download. The text is by Grinstead & Snell. It can be downloaded here. Perhaps parts of it would make good additions to this wikibook, or perhaps even the entire thing should be wikified? --NeuronExMachina 06:06, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Additional Sections
There are a number of additional sections that I think should be added to this book, so that it can become a more comprehensive resource. Here is a list of topics that I think we should add, and people can feel free to comment on this list or add to it (or give a good excuse why we shouldnt include them):

 * 1) Transformations of Random Variables
 * 2) Rician Fading
 * 3) Markov Processes
 * 4) Error Function, Complimentary Error Function
 * 5) (pseudo-)Random Number Generation
 * 6) Tests for randomness
 * 7) Joint pdf, joint PDF
 * 8) Functions of Random Variables
 * 9) Systems of Random Variables (Jacobians, etc)
 * 10) Moments
 * 11) Expectations
 * 12) Bounds and estimation (markov bound, chebyshev bound, chernoff bound)
 * 13) Entropy
 * 14) Moment Generating Function, Characteristic Equation
 * 15) Cumulant, Second Characteristic Equations

I am taking a class in this subject now, and I will try and incorporate some of my class notes into this book as I go. If there are any comments, questions, or suggestions, please let me know User talk:on my user talk page. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 17:42, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Concerning "Transformations of Random Variables": got that covered for contiguous random variables Probability/Transformation_of_Probability_Densities :-) --LarsWinterfeld (discuss • contribs) 12:19, 7 September 2015 (UTC)

 * If you're going to add that many sections into the book, I suggest we label this book so that it is suitable for advanced readers. --Jimli536 (discuss • contribs) 14:00, 16 October 2016 (UTC)

Question and answers
How about adding a small set of questions and answers at the end of each section. This would be helpful.
 * I concur. --Diza talk 10:13, 5 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree too. --Jimli536 (discuss • contribs) 14:39, 16 October 2016 (UTC)

Major edits to Probability/Combinatorics
I am a few days from finishing a major edit to Probability/Combinatorics. So far no effort has been made to integrate it into the book Probability. And, I was unaware that wikibooks transcludes all the chapters together at Probability/Print version. I will be glad to make any re-edits on the page Probability/Combinatorics that are necessary to improve the book Probability. Just let me know what you want. --Guy vandegrift (discuss • contribs) 17:32, 12 November 2021 (UTC)

UPDATE: I removed Template:Under construction from Probability/Combinatorics, but will keep this permalink to the the version that existed before I began my edits. I didn't realize it at the time, but the chapter evolved into something that would traditionally be placed on Wikiversity. Wikiversity is my "home" WMF wiki, and I would be happy to move it there if that is what Wikibooks prefers. Meanwhile, I will continue with my rewrite of Probability/Combinatorics, and hope to be finished in a few weeks.--Guy vandegrift (discuss • contribs) 10:26, 16 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Probability


text:
pretty boy

Noun

 * 1)  A young man whose physical attractiveness is considered rather effeminate and who may be vain about his appearance.
 * 2)  A good-looking young man, especially whose good looks are rather feminine than masculine.

title: pretty boy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/New Rising Sons

The result was delete. — JJMC89  (T·C) 05:33, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

New Rising Sons

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Not a notable band. It's founders are also not independently notable and nothing afaict that would meet nmusic. Praxidicae (talk) 12:48, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Bands and musicians-related deletion discussions. North America1000 13:06, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of New York-related deletion discussions. North America1000 13:06, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete fails WP:NMUSIC. Willbb234Talk (please {{ping}} me in replies) 13:12, 22 September 2019 (UTC)


text:
mixi

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) cuneiform
 * 2) wedge-shaped; having the form of a wedge
 * 3) Written in the cuneiform writing system

Noun

 * 1) cat

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * : walking

title: mixi


text:
unbowed

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Not bowed; erect or upright.
 * 2)  Not subdued or deterred.

Translations

 * Manx:

 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Manx: neuchroymmit
 * Russian:
 * Ukrainian: непідко́рений

title: unbowed


text:
interbreeding

Noun

 * 1) breeding within a narrow range of individuals
 * 2) breeding between heterogeneous individuals
 * 1) breeding between heterogeneous individuals

title: interbreeding


text:
Nilpotent ideal

In mathematics, more specifically ring theory, an ideal I of a ring R is said to be a nilpotent ideal if there exists a natural number k such that Ik = 0. By Ik, it is meant the additive subgroup generated by the set of all products of k elements in I. Therefore, I is nilpotent if and only if there is a natural number k such that the product of any k elements of I is 0.

The notion of a nilpotent ideal is much stronger than that of a nil ideal in many classes of rings. There are, however, instances when the two notions coincide—this is exemplified by Levitzky's theorem. The notion of a nilpotent ideal, although interesting in the case of commutative rings, is most interesting in the case of noncommutative rings.

Relation to nil ideals
The notion of a nil ideal has a deep connection with that of a nilpotent ideal, and in some classes of rings, the two notions coincide. If an ideal is nilpotent, it is of course nil, but a nil ideal need not be nilpotent for more than one reason. The first is that there need not be a global upper bound on the exponent required to annihilate various elements of the nil ideal, and secondly, each element being nilpotent does not force products of distinct elements to vanish.

In a right Artinian ring, any nil ideal is nilpotent. This is proven by observing that any nil ideal is contained in the Jacobson radical of the ring, and since the Jacobson radical is a nilpotent ideal (due to the Artinian hypothesis), the result follows. In fact, this can be generalized to right Noetherian rings; this result is known as Levitzky's theorem.

title: Nilpotent ideal


text:
User:Tpyoung98/sandbox

= Pacific spiny dogfish = The Pacific spiny dogfish or northern Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi) is a common species of the Squalidae (dogfish) family of sharks. Dogfish is known to be one of the most abundant species of sharks in the world. Squalus suckleyi was previously thought to be identical to the Squalus acanthias species. Although, the two species have different genetics, body structures, and morphological features. These differences between the two animals led to form a new species of dogfish, Squalus suckleyi. American Fisheries Society recommends the common name "Pacific Spiny Dogfish" for Squalus suckleyi  and "Spiny Dogfish" for Squalus acanthias. The maximum length of a Pacific dogfish can be 1.6 meters and they can live up to 66 years. Squalus suckleyi has a slower growth rate, larger maximum size, and later maturity compared to Squalus acanthias species. The slower growth rate and time of maturity could be related to the colder temperatures these sharks face. Pacific spiny dogfish prefer to be in temperatures ranging from 7-15 degrees Celsius. Dogfish are found all over the world, but the Pacific spiny dogfish are found in the North Pacific Ocean. These areas range from the Korea's, Japan, and Russia.They are also found in the gulf of Alaska down to Baja, California.They are known to be meat eaters and eat other fish such as octopus, squid, and crustaceans. Squalus suckleyi have a slow reproduction rate compared to other sharks. Their gestation period is roughly about two years. This makes the Pacific dogfish more vulnerable to threats because they take longer to reproduce.

Size, Growth, and Age
The Pacific Spiny Dogfish are small and skinny members of the Squalidae family. Throughout the entire Pacific Ocean, male and female dogfish measure up to be around 100 to 130 centimeters. Their length happens to be 10 centimeters more than the North Atlantic dogfish. . Female Pacific dogfish reach a weight of 15 to 20 pounds by maturity, while the males tend to be much smaller in weight. The average maturation of the sharks normally take up to around 25 years and they can even live to the age of 100 years old. This makes the Northeast Pacific spiny dogfish the longest living out of all sharks since the 1940s*****.

Appearance
Its distinctive snout, large eyes, and flattened head are just a few of the physical characteristics that give the Pacific spiny dogfish its distinctive look. The dogfish has a cylindrical shaped body. This type of shark also contains a unique body coloring. The top half of the shark has a gray color with scattered white spots while the bottom half has a white/light gray color. The scales of the dogfish is composed of the same material of shark teeth called dermal denticles, making the skin very hard and durable. The skin of the sharks used to be used as sandpaper once dried to do woodwork or even be used as leather once the denticles are removed. Lastly, the Pacific Spiny dogfish has a set of teeth specialized for grinding instead of tearing by the teeth being flat with sharp edges. If any of the teeth are worn down or broken, new teeth replace them from the two rows that are not being used to prey on other animals.

Spines and Fins
Another specific characteristic of this type of shark is the structure of their fins. Relating to their name, the spiny dogfish have two spines that are in front of each dorsal fin, and does not contain an anal fin. The use of two spines on the outer body have been proven for the use of protection against enemies such as other sharks, humans, and even whales. The two fins are known for it's venomous nature. This is where the name "Spiny" comes into play due to the thorn like spines that are in front of each dorsal fin. The shark forms into a curled up ball and then attacks its predators. Another use of the dorsal spines is being able to see age. The back set of fins closest to the tail is the best method of determining how mature the sharks are . Not only does the spines provide useful attributes for this type of species, but the dorsal fins also give the shark advantages. The first pair of dorsal fins help the spiny dogfish maintain a stable body position while swimming. The second set of dorsal fins nearest to the tail aids in generating thrust. The caudal fin is larger than normal, which helps the sharks maneuver through the water quickly and efficiently.

Gills
The Pacific spiny dogfish has a unique system of ventilation. This type of dogfish has five gills on each side of their heads, but do not have gill covers like bony fish. The shark is able to breath with these gills by swimming or staying in a current. The Pacific spiny dogfish also has a special feature called a spiracle. These are gills that are behind the eyes of the shark that give oxygen to the eyes and brain. It is also used to breathe while resting or eating. The breathing of the dogfish happens as a two step process. First, the dogfish has water enter its mouth and exit through the parabranchial cavity, which then goes out through the five gill slits. The first three gill slits are primarily used for suction action. The four gill slit has the same purpose, but with a weaker activity. Finally, the fifth gill slit has water escaping while the Pacific spiny dogfish feeds on its prey.

Location
Dogfish in general live in three main areas of the ocean: the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian ocean. This species can be found all around the world, but this specific type of spiny dogfish lives in the Pacific ocean. Spiny dogfish in the northern Pacific Ocean have recently been reevaluated and found to constitute a separate species, now known as the Pacific spiny dogfish.

Natural Habitat
The Pacific dogfish's habitat consists of bays, inshore and offshore waters. Female dogfish usually are usually seen in inshore waters while smalls pups are seen maneuvering in offshore waters.These animals are usually spotted at the bottom of the continental shelf or in other words the bottom of the sea. The Pacific dogfish prefers to live mainly in saltwater, but they can live in and tolerate brackish water (a mix of salt and fresh water).

Threats to Humans:
The Pacific dogfish poses no immediate threat to humans. It is rare to hear about this type of shark attacking and injuring humans. The only significant way that the Pacific dogfish can cause harm to a human is if a person get near the poisonous spikes that are located at the dorsal fin.

Human Threats:
The status of this species has been threatened over the past years by humans. This species is very vulnerable and has been suffering from overfishing which is having a significant effect on the Pacific dogfish population. In the 1980s and the 1990s, the National Marine Fisheries Service influenced fisheries and fisherman to fish out the spiny dogfish because other types of valuable fish populations were declining due to overfishing. Since all fisheries started to target the spiny dogfish population, their population started to rapidly decrease and became a threatened species. During the 1990s, there was a 75% reduction in female mature dogfish because dogfish fisheries started to increase. Fisherman and fisheries usually target female dogfish because they are larger in size than males. Fisherman also target female dogfish because since they are larger in size, it is easier for fisheries to hold and cut them. From the start of 1998, people began to see that this population of spiny dogfish was declining, so the National Marine Fisheries Service decided to implement restrictions in the federal waters to help the population regrow. The human race is threatening this species because dogfish is in high demand for food delicacies because the decline of other fish populations. Scientists also ask for fisheries to fish out dogfish because they can secrete the molecule squalamine which is an aminosterol compound with potent broad spectrum antimicrobial activity discovered in the tissues. Scientists use this compound as an antibiotic for people with cancer.

Threats from other species
The main species of animals that threaten the Pacific dogfish population are sharks, killer Whales, seals, and larger bony fishes. There would be a lot more predators of the Pacific dogfish if it wasn't for their size and aggressive nature, but mainly why these animals are not attacked is because poisonous spikes which are attached to the shark's dorsal fin which can be lethal to any predator who tries to attack and consume the Pacific dogfish.

Migration
The Pacific dogfish usually undertake long migrations depending on the fluctuation of food that is available in the ocean and also depending on the temperature of the water. Due to the changing temperature of the ocean, the dogfish usually migrate north in the spring and summer and they usually migrate south in the fall and winter. This aquatic species is know to migrate seasonally off the shores of Canada. gran The species is known to travel a long way during migration. Some travel as long as 5,000 miles. There have been some researchers who have suggested that the species do not mass migrate, only a small percentage of the spiny dogfish do based off their scientific research and evidence. This idea depends on where the dogfish is specifically located because the location, temperature, and food source can affect if there will or not be a small or big migration of dogfish.

Reproduction
The Pacific dogfish have a longer reproduction rate compared to other sharks. The gestation period for spiny dogfish is normally 18 to 24 months. Dogfish that live in cooler water may have an increased duration of pregnancy. Females are also known to migrate from deep to shallow water as the pregnancy continues.This migration pattern is known to influence embryonic growth. Baby dogfish found near Newfoundland had an average of 1.1 cm/month and 24 month pregnancy period, while a warmer area such as Massachusetts had an average of 1.3 cm/month and 20-22 month pregnancy period. The sexual maturity of a dogfish is hard to determine because it varies anywhere from 10-30 years. Food supplies and water temperature also play a role in growth and development of the dogfish.The length of a newborn Pacific dogfish is around 22 to 23 centimeters. Females seem to be significantly larger than male dogfish. At sexual maturity the male dogfish is 60-70 cm while the female is about 70-100 cm. This length difference can be caused by the reproduction process of the female. Their bodies need to be bigger to carry and protect their eggs within their bodies. Pacific dogfish are ovoviviparous. This means that they produce eggs that hatch within the body. The size of the litter ranges from 1 to 20 newborns. Fertilization usually occurs from the beginning of October to the beginning of February.

Diet
The Pacific dogfish is an elasmobranchs or cartilaginous fish which includes sharks, skates and rays. Dogfish are carnivorous or meat eaters. Their teeth are sharp and are inclined laterally in order to cut through their prey. The Pacific dogfish usually eat on mollusks or crustaceans such as squid, krill, and shrimp. They will also eat other small sharks and fish. According to Jennifer Bigman, a marine scientist, concluded that there is no difference between what male dogfish eat versus what female dogfish eat. Their prey are usually found on the sea floor, so the Pacific spiny dogfish has to scan the bottom in order to invest in their prey. Elasmobranchs consume very little carbohydrates and glucose. During times of starvation, they rely on ketone bodies to give them enough energy to survive. Cartilaginous fish are able to endure severe hypoglycemia due to their ketone oxidation. Although, Squalus suckleyi are able to eat more carbohydrates compared to other elasmobranchs. The rectal gland is activated when a dogfish consumes food. This gland helps the Pacific dogfish become glucose dependent. This means that they have the ability to break down small amount of glucose.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Pacific spiny dogfish stub only describes what kind of species the shark is. With the new table of contents that we have created, it will take the article more in depth with the life of the Pacific spiny dogfish.
 * 1) Jump up^ Bigman, J.S., Ebert, D.A. & Goldman, K.J. 2016. Squalus suckleyi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T195488A2382480. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T195488A2382480.en. Downloaded on 23 October 2017.
 * 2) Jump up^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2016). "Squalus suckleyi" in FishBase. 10 2016 version.
 * 3) ^ Jump up to:a b
 * 4) Jump up^ Page, L.M., Espinosa-Perez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden, and J.S. Nelson. 2013. Common and scientific names of the fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico, 7th edition. American Fishes Society, Special Publication 34, Bethesda Maryland.

1.) Word Count: 102 words

2.) There is no table of contents in the Pacific spiny dogfish Wikipedia article.

3.) There are only 4 sources.

Annotated Bibliography

Alejandro, G., Ana Carmen, D., A. Victoria De, A., Pablo, N., & Ramón, M. (1997). Anatomy and development of the sinoatrial valves in the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula). The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries In Molecular, Cellular, And Evolutionary Biology, 248(2), 224. Bigman, Jennifer (Summer 2013). "TROPHIC ECOLOGY OF NORTH PACIFIC SPINY DOGFISH (SQUALUS SUCKLEYI) OFF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA WATERS". Moss Landing Marine Laboratories California State University Monterey Bay. Cooke, I. (1980). Functional aspects of the morphology and vascular anatomy of the gills of the endeavour dogfish, Centrophoms scalpratus (McCulloch) (Elasmobranchii:Squalidae). Zoomorphologie, 94(2), 167. doi:10.1007/BF01081932 "Diets of Spotted Spiny Dogfish, Squalus suckleyi, in Marmot Bay, Gulf of Alaska, Between 2006 and 2014" (PDF). U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE: 3. November 2016 Guffey, S. C., & Goss, G. G. (2014). Time course of the acute response of the north pacific spiny dogfish shark (squalus suckleyi) to low salinity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 171, 9-15. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.02.004 Jones, T. S., & Ugland, K. I. (2001). Reproduction of female spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, in the Oslofjord. Fishery Bulletin, 99(4), 685-690. Ketchen, K. S. (1972). Size at maturity, fecundity, and embryonic growth of the spiny dogfish (squalus acanthias) in british columbia waters. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 29(12), 1717-1723. Maia, A., & Wilga, C. A. (2016). Dorsal fin function in spiny dogfish during steady swimming. Journal Of Zoology, 298(2), 139-149. doi:10.1111/jzo.12300 McFarlane, G. A., & King, J. R. (2003). Migration patterns of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) in the North Pacific Ocean. Fishery Bulletin, 101(2), 358-367. Natanson, L. l., McCandless, C. T., James, K., & Hoey, J. (2017). Gestation period and pupping seasonality of female spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) off southern New England. Fishery Bulletin, 115(4), 473-483.
 * This source will help us understand the anatomy and development of the heart or sinoatrial valves of the dogfish.
 * This scholarly source will help writing about the diet and habitat of the Pacific dogfish.
 * This source explains the anatomy of the gills of the dogfish.
 * This source explains the diets of the Pacific dogfish in Alaska.
 * This source will explain how salinity levels effect the Pacific dogfish.
 * This source is crucial for our reproduction portion in our article.
 * This source talks about the size and maturity between a male and female dogfish.
 * This source will be used for the anatomy portion of our article.
 * This scholarly journal talks about migration patterns of the spiny dogfish in the North Pacific Ocean.
 * This source will be helpful to explain the reproduction of the dogfish.

Penaluna, B. E., & Bodensteiner, L. R. (2015). North Pacific Spiny Dogfish ( Squalus suckleyi) Presence in Eelgrass Habitat in the Salish Sea, Washington. Northwestern Naturalist, 96(3), 222-226. doi:10.1898/1051-1733-96.3.222 R. W. Tanasichuk,, D. M. Ware, , W. Shaw, and , G. A. McFarlane. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1991, 48(11): 2118-2128, Reum, J. J., & Essington, T. (2013). Spatial and seasonal variation in δN and δC values in a mesopredator shark, Squalus suckleyi, revealed through multitissue analyses. Marine Biology, 160(2), 399-411. Taylor, I. G., Gertseva, V., & Matson, S. E. (2013). Spine-based ageing methods in the spiny dogfish shark, Squalus suckleyi: How they measure up. Fisheries Research, 14783-92. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2013.04.011 TRIBUZIO, C. A., MATTA, M. E., GBURSKI, C., ATKINS, N., & BUBLEY, W. (2016). Methods for the Preparation of Pacific Spiny Dogfish, Squalus suckleyi, Fin Spines and Vertebrae and an Overview of Age Determination. Marine Fisheries Review, 78(1/2), 1-13. doi:10.7755/MFR.78.1â€“2.1 Yıgın, C. C., & Ismen, A. (2016). Age and Growth of Spiny Dogfish Squalus acanthias (Squalidae: Chondrichthyes) in the North Aegean Sea. Pakistan Journal Of Zoology, 48(4), 1185-1191.
 * This source is helpful in describing the habitats of Pacific dogfish.
 * This source talks about the variations of diets in a dogfish.
 * This source will help us understand the locations of the dogfish.
 * This scholarly journal compares the spine to aging a Pacific dogfish.
 * This scholarly journal gives a brief overview of Squalus suckleyi.
 * This scholarly journal discusses the age and growth of dogfish.

Wikipedia article instructions

Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia which gives quick, general, neutral based information. The website has a curtain set of criteria discussed in Wikipedia: Five Pillars. Some good Wikipedia features include a neutral point of view, no original research, and using reliable sources. Wikipedia is not a dictionary, newspaper, or a place of biased information. Although, some Wikipedia articles are more reliable than other articles. A “featured” Wikipedia article is considered to be the best type of articles on Wikipedia.The featured articles have to meet a set of standards which includes a well-written, comprehensive, neutral, well-researched and stable article.They also provide a strong lead, structure, and sources. Below a featured article on Wikipedia is called a “good article”. These articles also possess most of the qualities of a featured article. Although, a featured article usually has better sources, leads, and overall more completeness throughout the article. Comparing many articles makes it easier for writers to reach the featured article criteria.

Content: Length is important to a Wikipedia article because it should contain enough information to cover the topic, but should not include irrelevant information. A “featured” biology related article, contains about 8,000 to 11,000 words such as the Bacteria and Virus articles. A "good" biology base article named Antibody has less than 8,000 words. "Antibody" seems relatively smaller than the "Bacteria" and "Virus" featured articles. "Good" Wikipedia articles probably need more context and information to be considered as featured.

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Headings and Pictures: In "Bacteria" and "Virus" origin is an important topic in the article, while "Antibody" doesn't mention it at all.This is a crucial detail to include in a biology article because the origin or evolution of an antibody can help us better understand them and how they effect the human body. Also, there are more pictures for the biology featured articles than the biology good articles. Writers should look at other articles to see what is the "norm" and structure for the type of article they are writing.

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Mount Everest Summary

Mount Everest is known to be the tallest mountain frame in the world. The official height of the Mount Everest is 8,848 m (29,029 ft). Although, some argue that the actually height is 8,844.43 m because the snow and ice is included within the actual height. The mountain range is an international border between China and Nepal. In Tibet, China the mountain is known as Chomolungma and Nepal it is known as Sagarmatha. The official English name "Everest" was named by the Royal Geographical Society. Also, Andrew Waugh, a British Surveyor General of India, suggested to name the mountain frame "Everest" which is named after his predecessor in the post, Sir George Everest. Although, the dangerous mountain frame has severe wind, weather, breathing conditions, and safety hazards this does not stop climbers from wanting to climb Mount Everest. The standard route of Everest is located in Nepal, but there is also another climbing route in Tibet, China. Since the first attempt of climbing Everest in 1921, on average 4.8 people have died each year trying to climb the mountain. The British were the first people to attempt climbing Mount Everest. During this time, Nepal would not allow foreigners in the country, so the British climbers tried climbing from the Tibet, China route making it 7,000 m. Later in the 1922 expedition, the British made it 8,320 m making it the first time a human being climbed over 8,000 m. There also has been many deaths and mysteries concerning Mount Everest. George Mallory and Andrew Irvine attempted to climb Mount Everest on June 8, 1924, disappeared in the clouds, and never returned. Mallory's body was found in 1999 at 8,155 m on the north face. Despite the fact there have been many failures trying to climb Everest, the first recorded success of climbing Mount Everest peak was done by a Chinese climbing team: Wang Fuzhou, Gonpo, and Qu Yinhua.

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User:SaltIrritates

=SaltIrritates Profile= I'm a South African student currently in High School. My pass times include reading up on history, watch and discuss international politics (especially regarding Russia, Syria and China) and from time to time read about philosophy and creation.

My mission on Wikipedia
My mission is to create new, insightful articles (or at least start some for others to complete), correct mistakes by other users, translate articles to and from Afrikaans and to unbias articles.

My view on Religion
I am a self professed, dedicated Christian. Though I can guarantee that that will not bias my articles or revisions. I will only give the Christian argument for the specific topic.

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Talk:Bernardino de Mendoza (Captain General)

work added
Hi, I have added an info box as well as an image, hope it helps. (<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:19, 16 August 2012 (UTC)) Added spouse to infobox (<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:21, 16 August 2012 (UTC)) Added subsections (<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:25, 16 August 2012 (UTC))