text:
Historical Archives of the European Union

The Historical Archives of the European Union (HAEU), located in Florence (Italy), is the official archives for the historical documents of the Institutions of the European Union. It is also a research centre dedicated to the archival preservation and study of European integration and is part of the European University Institute (EUI).

Legal Basis and History
The Historical Archives of the European Union was established in 1983 following the regulation by the Council of the European Communities and the decision by the Commission of the European Communities to open their historical archives to the public. A subsequent agreement in 1984 between the Commission of the European Communities and the EUI laid the groundwork for establishing the Archives in Florence, and the HAEU opened its doors to researchers and the public in 1986. In 2011 a Framework Partnership Agreement between the EUI and the European Commission reinforced the Historical Archives’ role in preserving and providing access to the archival holdings of the European Union's institutions and regulated the acquisition and treatment of private archives. In March 2015 the Council of the European Union amended the decisions of 1983 with the Council Regulation (EU) 2015/496.

Mission

The HAEU preserves and makes accessible the archival holdings of EU Institutions and Agencies according to the 30 years rule governing access to archives of the European Union. It also collects and preserves private papers of individuals, movements and international organizations involved in the European integration process. It facilitates research on the history of the European Union and its predecessor institutions, promotes public interest in European integration and enhances transparency in the functioning of European Union Institutions.

Holdings
The holdings are composed of fonds coming from the European Institutions, their predecessor institutions and European Union Agencies.

Among its holdings are the archives of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Economic Community (EEC), the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), the Common Assembly of the ECSC, the European Parliamentary Assembly, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the Economic and Social Committee, the Court of Auditors, and the European Investment Bank.

It also holds private deposits and collections from individuals, organisations and associations that advocated, supported and implemented the Post-World War II European conciliation and integration process. These holdings include the archival papers of the European Space Agency (ESA), the Assembly of Western European Union (WEU), the European Council for Municipalities and Regions (CCRN), the European League for Economic Cooperation (LECE) and a unique collection of federalist archives, for example the European Movement (ME), the Union of European Federalists (UEF) and the 'Centre international de formation européenne (CIFE)'.

In the framework of the activities of the ‘EU Inter-institutional Web Preservation Working Group’ and in collaboration with the Internet Memory Foundation the HAEU have launched in 2013 a archiving pilot project on EU institutions’ websites. These websites are captured quarterly since the end of 2013 and made available on the HAEU’s home page.

Premises

Since 2012, the HAEU has his seat at the historic 'Villa Salviati' in Florence.

'Villa Salviati' is located on the Florentine hills along Via Bolognese and was named after one of its illustrious owners, Jacopo Salviati, who took possession of the estate in 1445. The Salviati family were wealthy wool merchants and bankers and during the 15th century closely connected to the Medici family. A fortified house was present at the site since the 12th century, but the Salviati family elegantly decorated the villa and its gardens of 14 acres. The asymmetric facades show additions over the centuries, but retain some of the crenellated castle look that is typical for a palace outside the city walls. With the passing of the Salviati family, the estate to have changed hands many times in the last two hundred years and were owned by the Borghese princes, the English Vansittart, the tenor Mario Da Candia, and Gustavo Hagermann in the 19th century.

It is said that in this palace, Veronica Cybo, the wife of the Duke Salviati, consumed with jealousy, stabbed to death the Duke's mistress, a Caterina Canacci. Veronica arranged to lure the woman to the palace with the help of Bartolommeo, Caterina's stepson. She then proceeded to decapitate the unfortunate woman and then presented the head to her husband the Duke as a New Year's gift. For the crime, Veronica was exiled from Florence, and Bartolommeo, beheaded. Among the many allusions to the story, is a novel by Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi.

Since 2000 Villa Salviati is property of the Italian State and after the extensive restructuration it has been destinated to host the HAEU with 11,000 linear meters of shelving created in an subterraneous deposit.

On 17 of December 2009 the President of the Italian Republic Giorgio Napolitano has inaugurated the opening of the Historical Archives of the European Union at 'Villa Salviati'   and in 2012 the Archives were operative.

Consultation Services and Research Assistance
The HAEU is present on the World Wide Web since 1995 and has developed an electronic online database since 1991. All inventories of fonds, collections and oral history programmes held by the HAEU are published and searchable on its website. The HAEU also publishes the information and the classification schemes of the institutional holdings on the 'Archives Portal EUROPE' and it is linked to the social media Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Flickr.

The digitisation programme of archival units and photographs of various fonds and deposits launched in 2006 lead to some 12.000 digitalized archival units being directly consultable on the web site in pdf-format. Likewise the 600 transcriptions of the European Oral History Program and many audio registrations can be accessed on the site.

The reading room at 'Villa Salviati' is open to the public for consultation of its holdings. The facilities include a specialized reference library composed of 20.000 publications, printed documentation, grey literature and electronic publications.

Access to all archival documents, collections and interviews preserved at the HAEU and available on line or in the reading room is free of charge.

The HAEU hosts and organises in close cooperation with the EUI History Department and with external partners research seminars, workshops and conferences. It proposes to be a meeting place between actors and researchers in European Integration matters. To this end, the HAEU co-directs with the EUI History Department the Alcide De Gasperi Research Centre for the History of European Integration, which was inaugurated on 6 May 2015 in the presence of Alcide De Gasperi’s daughter Maria Romana De Gasperi. The Alcide De Gasperi Research Centre aims at promoting innovative research projects and facilitates the use of primary sources. It also coordinates networks of scholars and promotes publications on the history of European integration.

The European Parliament

 * AC - Assemblée commune de la CECA
 * ACP - Organes parlementaires pour la coopération au développement
 * AH - Assemblée ad hoc
 * AO - Actes officiels
 * CPPE - Coupures de presse du Parlement européen
 * PE0 - Assemblée parlementaire européenne et Parlement européen avant l'élection directe
 * PE1 - Parlement européen - Première législature
 * PE2 - Parlement européen - Deuxième législature
 * PE3 - Parlement européen – Troisième législature
 * PE4 - Parlement européen – Quatrième législature
 * PE5 - Parlement européen – Cinquième législature
 * SG - Cabinets des secrétaires généraux

The Council of Ministers

 * CM1 - Special Council of Ministers of the ECSC
 * CM2 - Council of Ministers of the EEC and EURATOM
 * CM3 - Intergovernmental Treaty Negotiations
 * CM5 - Accessions to the European Communities and to the European Union
 * CM6 - Negotiations in the framework of the Yaoundé Convention, the Lomé Convention and the Cotonou Agreement

The European Commission

 * CECA Haute Autorité de la Communauté européenne du charbon et de l’acier (1952-1967)
 * CEEA Commission Euratom (1958-1967)
 * CCEE Commission de la Communauté Economique Européenne (1958-1967)
 * CEUE Commission européenne (1967-)
 * BAC - CEE/CEEA Commissions - Fonds BAC

The Court of Auditors

 * CCE - Cour des comptes européenne
 * CCE/DOC - Documentation annexée au fonds DOC/CCE
 * CCO - Commission de contrôle

The Economic and Social Committee

 * CES - Comité économique et social

The Court of Justice

 * CJUE - Cour de justice de l'Union européenne

The European Investment Bank

 * BEI - Banque européenne d'investissement

The Agencies of the European Union

 * AEE - European Environment Agency
 * CEDEFOP - Centre européen pour le développement de la formation professionnelle
 * EF - European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Condition

A

 * ACA - Antonio Cassese
 * AD - André Darteil
 * ADG - Alcide De Gasperi
 * ALC - Albert Léon Coppé
 * AM - Alexandre Marc
 * AMG - Albert-Marie Gordiani
 * AMG/DOC - Documentation annexée au fonds AMG
 * AS - Altiero Spinelli
 * AV - Angel Viñas
 * AV/DOC - Documentation Annexed to Angel Viñas fonds

B

 * BO - Bino Olivi
 * BR - Bocklet Report

C

 * CA - Christopher Audland
 * CS - Claus Schöndube
 * CSM - Carlo Scarascia Mugnozza

D

 * DH - Danuta Hübner
 * DW - David White Papers

E

 * EBC - Enrique Barón Crespo
 * EC - Emilio Colombo
 * EEA - Enzo Enriques Agnoletti
 * EEA/DOC - Documentation annexée au fonds EEA
 * EG - Emanuele Gazzo
 * EGI - Enrico Gibellieri
 * EGI/DOC - Documentation annexée au fonds EGI
 * EH - Etienne Hirsch
 * EM - Edoardo Martino
 * EM/DOC - Documentation annexée au fonds EM
 * EN - Emile Noël
 * ER - Ernesto Rossi
 * ER/ACS - Ernesto Rossi/Archivio Centrale dello Stato
 * ER/DOC - Documentation annexée au fonds ER

F

 * FB - François Guillaume Bondy
 * FBG - Fabrizia Baduel Glorioso
 * FBG/DOC - Documentation annexée au fonds FBG
 * FD - Fernand Dehousse
 * FD/DOC - Documentation annexée au fonds FD
 * FDLV - Fausta Deshormes La Valle
 * FF - Franz Froschmaier
 * FL - François Lamoureux
 * FMM - Franco Maria Malfatti
 * FXO - François-Xavier Ortoli

G

 * GA - Gordon Adam
 * GB - Günter Burghardt
 * GF - Giulio Fossi
 * GJLA - Graham J. L. Avery
 * GJLA/DOC - Documentation annexed to fonds GJLA
 * GP - Georg Pröpstl
 * GR - Georges Rencki
 * GW - Graham Watson
 * GZ - Giancarlo Zoli

H

 * HALK - Sammlung 'Robert Schuman' von Hans August Lücker
 * HB - Hendrik de Bruijn
 * HC - Henri Cartan
 * HG - Helmut Goetz
 * HVV - Helmut von Verschuer
 * HW - Helen Wallace

I

 * IML - Ivan Matteo Lombardo

J

 * JD - Jacques Delors
 * JG - Jules Guéron
 * JG/DOC - Documentation annexée au fonds JG
 * JP - John Pinder
 * JPG - Jean-Pierre Gouzy

K

 * KM - Klaus Meyer

L

 * LC - Lorella Cedroni
 * LLS - Lionello Levi Sandri
 * LN - Lorenzo Natali

M

 * MB - Monica Stefania Baldi
 * MC - Mauro Cappelletti
 * MID - Keith Middlemas
 * MK - Max Kohnstamm
 * MR - Michel Richonnier
 * MT - Michael Tracy
 * MW - Michel Waelbroeck

O

 * OM - Otto Molden
 * OZ - Orlof Zimmermann

P

 * PA - Pierre Auger
 * PD - Philippe Deshormes
 * PDE - Pierre Debest
 * PDE/DOC - Documentation annexée au fonds PDE
 * PF - Paolo Falcone
 * PF/DOC - Documentation annexée au fonds PF
 * PHS - Paul-Henri Spaak
 * PL - Philip Lowe
 * PLA - Pascal Lamy
 * PLS - Pasquale Lino Saccá
 * PM - Piero Malvestiti
 * PM/DOC - Documentation imprimée provenant du fonds Piero Malvestiti déposée auprès de l'Institut Luigi Sturzo de Rome
 * PSP - Peter Sutherland's Commission Papers
 * PU - Pierre Uri
 * PVD - Pier Virgilio Dastoli
 * PVD/DOC - Documentation annexée au fonds PVD

R

 * RB - Richard Burke
 * RH - Robert Hull
 * RP - Romano Prodi
 * RR - Raymond Rifflet
 * RS - Roberto Santaniello
 * RT - Robert Triffin
 * RTA - Roland Tavitian
 * RTO - Robert Toulemon

S

 * SM - Sergio Manetti
 * SP - Samuele Pii

T

 * TPS - Tommaso Padoa Schioppa

U

 * UWK/NS - Uwe Kitzinger and Noël Salter
 * UWK/NS/DOC - Uwe Kitzinger and Noël Salter Documentation

W

 * WM - Walter Much

Non-EU Organisations

 * BEUC - Bureau Européen des Unions de Consommateurs
 * CRE - Conférence permanente des Recteurs, Présidents et Vice-Chanceliers des Universités européennes
 * EABH - European Association for Banking and Financial History e.V.
 * EFTA - European Free Trade Association
 * ESA - European Space Agency
 * ESF - European Science Foundation
 * ETUC - European Trade Union Confederation
 * EUI - European University Institute
 * EUROSDR - European Spatial Data Research
 * EYF - European Youth Forum
 * OEEC - Organisation for European Economic Cooperation
 * UACES - University Association for Contemporary European Studies
 * WEU - Assembly of Western European Union

Pro-European Movements

 * AEDE - Association européenne des enseignants
 * BEC - Bureau Européen de Coordination des Organisations Internationales de Jeunesse
 * CCRE - Conseil des Communes et des Régions d'Europe
 * CCRE/DOC - Documentation annexée au fonds CCRE
 * CENYC - Council of European National Youth Committees
 * CIFE - Centre international de formation européenne
 * CIFE/IT - Centro Italiano di Formazione Europea
 * EUBW - Europa-Union Deutschland: Landesverband Baden-Württemberg
 * FDE - Femmes d'Europe
 * JEF - Jeunesse européenne fédéraliste
 * LECE - Ligue européenne de coopération économique
 * ME - Mouvement européen
 * ME/DOC - Documentation annexée au fonds ME
 * MFE - Movimento federalista europeo
 * MFE/F - Mouvement fédéraliste européen français
 * OFME - Organisation française du Mouvement européen
 * SEC - Société européenne de culture
 * UEF - Union européenne des fédéralistes
 * YFEC - Youth Forum of the European Communities

Political Groups of the European Parliament

 * ADLE - Groupe de l'Alliance des démocrates et des libéraux pour l’Europe au Parlement européen
 * GPSE - Groupe du Parti socialiste européen au Parlement européen
 * GRAEL - Groupe parlementaire européen vert
 * PPE - Groupe du Parti populaire européen au Parlement européen


text:
genetika

Noun

 * 1) genetics

Noun

 * 1)  genetics

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) The branch of biology that deals with the transmission and variation of inherited characteristics, in particular chromosomes and DNA.
 * 2) The genetic makeup of a specific individual or species.
 * 1) The genetic makeup of a specific individual or species.

Alternative forms

 * génétik

Noun

 * 1) genetics

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: genetika


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Tomb of Bibi Jawindi

Tomb of Bibi Jawindi
Voting period ends on 20 Feb 2015  at 16:27:10 (UTC)
 * Reason:A fine image; one of the best to come out of Wiki Loves Monuments this year. Don't know how this wasn't one of the top winners.
 * Articles in which this image appears:Tomb of Bibi Jawindi
 * FP category for this image:Featured pictures/Places/Architecture
 * Creator:Shah zaman baloch

 * Support as nominator – Adam Cuerden (talk) 16:27, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support - Very nice photo. CorinneSD (talk) 00:08, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support --Jobas (talk) 14:51, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment - Great image, but at full size the CA is very heavy in some places. Any chance of getting a raw file from the author to tweak it a bit?--Godot13 (talk) 08:04, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Uploader seems to have left Wikipedia. Think he was only pulled in for WLM. Adam Cuerden (talk) 12:28, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support - looks good to me. Rreagan007 (talk) 17:20, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support -- sigh, another grave. Support on condition that it will be placed lower down in signHafspajen (talk) 03:42, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
 * What sign? - CorinneSD (talk) 17:07, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Singpost. Hafspajen (talk) 18:01, 14 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Support: great image and absolutely beautiful. Fylbecatulous talk 21:37, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support but I wonder if it can be conominated with Front Wall of Bibi Jawindi's Tomb.jpg to give it another angle. Mattximus (talk) 02:02, 20 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Not a bad photo (although the camera isn't as good, and it shows a bit) but it's usually best not to make a set mixing different photographers, cameras and such: In a set like Diliff's cathedral sets, if someone likes one image, it's likely they'll like the others in the set: The same sort of artistic decisions, camera, time of shoot, and so on are all present. But if you're using images where the only similarity is the subject then you can easily hit a very confusing situation where a lot of the votes are "Support X, Oppose Y" and so on. It makes it a bit of a mess. Better to nominate in two nominations, there's no rule that every image of a subject has to be lumped into one set in order to pass FPC. Adam Cuerden (talk) 05:00, 20 February 2015 (UTC)

--Armbrust The Homunculus 16:50, 20 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
User:Linda Forrest/sandbox

Canadian Digital Media Network is a national network of incubators and accelerators that links industry, government and academia to accelerate the commercialization of innovation in order to create companies, jobs and wealth for Canada. CDMN hosts the annual Canada 3.0 digital media forum.

title: User:Linda Forrest/sandbox


text:
New Zealand Pilot License/Flight and Aircraft Performance

This resource is about Subject 22 of the New Zealand Pilot License.

22.2.2: Units of measurement
State
 * (a) the International System (SI) units for length, mass, time, temperature (K

and °C);
 * (b) the derivation of the SI units for force, pressure, power, and the non-SI

units;
 * (c) foot, nautical mile, knot and horsepower.
 * 22.2.4

Differentiate between scalar and vector quantities; and
 * (a) explain and or apply vector addition and subtraction;
 * (b) demonstrate understanding and ability to resolve vector diagrams or

problems.
 * 22.2.6

Define speed, velocity and acceleration.
 * 22.2.8

Describe Newton’s three laws of motion; and
 * (a) explain inertia;
 * (b) differentiate between mass and weight;
 * (c) state the value of the acceleration caused by the earth’s gravity; and
 * (d) define momentum.
 * 22.2.10
 * Describe motion on a curved path; and
 * (a) differentiate between centripetal force and centrifugal reaction;
 * (b) explain the factors affecting centripetal force and rate of turn.
 * 22.2.12
 * Describe the trig functions for the sine, cosine and tangent of an angle.
 * 22.2.14
 * Describe the moment of a force, and the moment of a couple.
 * 22.2.16
 * Describe the conditions required for translational equilibrium and for

rotational equilibrium.
 * 22.2.18
 * Explain the meaning of centre of gravity (centre of mass).
 * 22.2.20
 * Explain the meanings of work, power and energy; and describe kinetic energy

and potential energy.
 * Page 71

Advisory Circular AC 61-1.5 Revision 13 15 December 2006 CAA of NZ 70 Sub Topic Syllabus Item 22.2.22 Interpret simple graphs.

22.4: The Atmosphere
22.4.2 Explain the air density, and describe the effect of temperature, pressure and humidity on atmospheric density. 22.4.4 Describe the normal changes in pressure, temperature and density with increased altitude in the atmosphere. 22.4.6 State the ISA sea-level pressure and temperature conditions, and the approximate lapse rates in the lower atmosphere. 22.4.8 Describe the approximate altitude bands in which atmospheric pressure and density are reduced to 75, 50 and 25% of their normal sea level values. 22.4.10 Explain the meaning of density altitude (DA) and, in broad terms, the effect of pressure, temperature and humidity on DA and thus aerodynamic and engine performance. 22.4.12 Explain the term viscosity, when related to air.

22.6: Basic Aerodynamic Theory
22.6.2 Describe the terms freestream static pressure, dynamic pressure (including the term ½ρV²) and total (or pitot) pressure. 22.6.4 Explain the principle of airspeed indication, and indicate the relationship between indicated, calibrated, equivalent and true airspeeds (IAS, CAS, EAS, and TAS). 22.6.6 With respect to aerofoils, describe the meanings of the following terms: section, leading edge, trailing edge, chord, chord line, thickness, thickness/chord ratio, camber. 22.6.7 Distinguish between high-lift, general purpose (GP) and high-speed aerofoil sections. 22.6.8 Define relative airflow and angle of attack (α). 22.6.10 State Bernoulli’s theorem in simple terms, and describe streamline flow, turbulent flow, and the application of Bernoulli’s theorem to the streamline flow around an aerofoil. 22.6.12 Describe a venturi and explain venturi effect. 22.6.14 Explain the changes to the airflow and pressure distribution around a typical aerofoil in a low- subsonic speed airflow as α is increased from the zero-lift angle to beyond the stalling angle. 22.6.16 Explain the terms upwash and downwash in an airflow. 22.6.18 Explain the term centre of pressure (CP); and describe typical movement of Page 72 Advisory Circular AC 61-1.5 Revision 13 15 December 2006 CAA of NZ 71 Sub Topic Syllabus Item the CP with increasing angle of attack (α). 22.6.20 Define the total aerodynamic reaction force (TR) of an aerofoil; 22.6.22 Describe how TR varies with increasing angle of attack (α). 22.6.24 Define the TR components lift and drag.

22.8: Lift
22.8.2 Identify the factors affecting lift (low-subsonic speed airflow). 22.8.4 State the lift formula, and the three basic functions contained within it. 22.8.6 Describe the meaning of the term, coefficient of lift (CL). 22.8.8 Given a typical CL versus α curve for a GP-type aerofoil, identify: (a) the zero lift angle; (b) the angle for maximum CL (CLmax). 22.8.10 Explain the meaning of a high CLmax. 22.8.12 With respect to the CL curve, describe the effect of: (a) increased camber; (b) surface roughness (e.g. contamination). 22.8.14 Describe three-dimensional flow over a wing and explain how wingtip and trailing edge vortices are formed. 22.8.16 Explain the effect of induced downwash on α. 22.8.18 Define aspect ratio (AR) and describe the effect of AR on CL.

22.10: Drag
22.10.2 Identify and explain the components of total drag. 22.10.4 Explain the term boundary layer. 22.10.6 Describe: (a) laminar boundary layer flow; (b) turbulent boundary layer flow; (c) transition point. 22.10.8 Explain skin-friction drag and state the factors affecting it. Page 73 Advisory Circular AC 61-1.5 Revision 13 15 December 2006 CAA of NZ 72 Sub Topic Syllabus Item 22.10.10 Explain form drag and state the factors affecting it. 22.10.12 Describe the effect of streamlining in reducing form drag. 22.10.14 Describe interference drag and the measures for reducing it. 22.10.16 Explain the origin of induced drag; and (a) list the factors affecting it; (b) explain typical measures for reducing it. 22.10.18 State the meaning of the term coefficient of drag (CD); and describe the main features of a typical curve of CD versus α. 22.10.20 State the drag formula, and the three basic functions contained within it. 22.10.22 Describe typical curves of induced drag, all other drag, and total drag versus IAS in straight and level flight. 22.10.24 From information provided or a diagram identify the speed for minimum drag and maximum lift/drag ratio. 22.10.26 Distinguish between graphs for CD and total drag. 22.10.28 Explain a typical graph for lift/drag (L/D) ratio versus α. 22.10.30 Explain from a typical graph the most efficient angle of attack, the zero lift position, and the stalling angle.

22.12: Lift Augmentation
22.12.2 Explain the basic purpose of lift augmentation devices. 22.12.4 Explain the basic principles of trailing and leading-edge flaps. 22.12.6 Explain the effects of lowering trailing edge flap on; CL, CD, L/D ratio, CP movement, angle-of-attack and nose attitude. 22.12.8 Distinguish between the effects of lowering leading-edge flap on angle-of- attack, nose attitude and movement of the CP with those of trailing-edge flap. 22.12.10 Given a description or diagram identify the main types of trailing-edge flap and compare their relative performance (in generating lift and drag). 22.12.12 Given a description or diagram identify the main types of leading-edge flap. 22.12.14 Explain the basic principles of slats and slots. 22.12.16 Explain the effect of operating leading-edge slats on CL, stalling angle and nose attitude. Page 74 Advisory Circular AC 61-1.5 Revision 13 15 December 2006 CAA of NZ 73 Sub Topic Syllabus Item 22.12.18 Show understanding of the theory of spoilers and give examples of their use.

22.14: Flight Controls
22.14.2 Identify the three aircraft axes, movement about those axes, and primary flight controls. 22.14.4 Explain how control in pitch, roll, and yaw is achieved. 22.14.6 Identify and explain: (a) the secondary effect of aileron; (b) adverse yaw and methods used to counteract it; (c) the secondary effect of rudder. 22.14.8 Describe the effects of airspeed and slipstream on control effectiveness. 22.14.10 Explain the basic principles of trim tabs, and describe the correct method of using trim controls. 22.14.12 Explain the reason for aerodynamic balancing of control surfaces. 22.14.14 Describe the main methods for achieving control balance. 22.14.16 Differentiate between a balance tab and an anti-balance tab. 22.14.18 Explain the purpose for mass balancing. 22.14.20 Describe and explain flexural and torsional flutter. 22.14.22 Describe the methods of providing mass balance.

22.16: Stalling and Spinning
22.16.2 Explain the stalled condition of an aerofoil. 22.16.4 Explain basic stall speed and relate it to the lift formula. 22.16.6 Describe typical symptoms and other indications of the approach to the stall. 22.16.8 Describe the changes in the airflow over the wing, movement of the CP, and aircraft attitude as the point of stall is reached. 22.16.10 Explain the standard recovery from the stalled condition. 22.16.12 Describe how the following factors affect stalling speed: (a) aircraft weight; (b) load factor; (c) power; Page 75 Advisory Circular AC 61-1.5 Revision 13 15 December 2006 CAA of NZ 74 Sub Topic Syllabus Item (d) altitude; (e) the use of flaps and slats; (f) contamination of the wing surfaces. 22.16.14 Describe the conditions which encourage a wing-drop at the stall. 22.16.16 Explain the design measures taken to reduce the tendency for wing-drop. 22.16.18 Explain the caution against using aileron near or at the stalling angle. 22.16.20 Describe the standard technique for recovery: (a) from a stall which has resulted in a wing-drop; (b) at the onset of the stall. 22.16.22 Explain the process of autorotation (leading to the spin). 22.16.24 Describe the characteristics of the upright spin, and explain: (a) the instrument indications which confirm the fact and direction of a spin; (b) the difference between the spin and spiral dive; (c) the standard recovery technique.

22.18: Straight and Level Flight
22.18.2 Explain the four forces acting and the conditions required for steady straight and level flight. 22.18.4 For a conventional aeroplane configuration, describe: (a) the lift/weight and thrust/drag couples; (b) pitching moments and the tailplane stabilising moment; (c) pitching moments caused by power changes, undercarriage and flap extension. 22.18.6 Explain the power and attitude relationships at various airspeeds in straight and level flight. 22.18.8 For unaccelerated level flight: (a) state the power required formula (power = drag x TAS); (b) explain the difference between the drag curve and the power required curve; (c) distinguish between the minimum drag speed and the minimum power speed. Page 76 Advisory Circular AC 61-1.5 Revision 13 15 December 2006 CAA of NZ 75 Sub Topic Syllabus Item 22.18.10 Given typical power available and power required curves, explain: (a) the maximum and minimum speeds for level flight; (b) the effects of increased weight and altitude.

22.20: Climbing and Descending
22.20.2 Identify the forces acting in a steady climb. 22.20.4 Given typical power required and power available curves, explain: (a) how a curve of excess power available (EP) can be derived; (b) where the speeds for maximum rate of climb, and maximum angle of climb occur on the EP curve. 22.20.6 State what the Vx and Vy speeds are and differentiate between these speeds and the normal climb speed. 22.20.8 Define absolute ceiling and service ceiling. 22.20.10 Explain the factors affecting climb performance (power applied, airspeed, flap and/or undercarriage extension, weight, altitude, temperature, manoeuvring, and wind - in relation to net flight path). 22.20.12 Identify the forces acting in a glide and a steady power-on descent. 22.20.14 Explain the connection between L/D ratio, glide angle, airspeed and gliding range. 22.20.16 Describe the effect of: (a) weight on glide angle and best glide speed; (b) wind on net flight path.

22.22: Turning
22.22.2 Explain how the required turning (centripetal) force is generated. 22.22.4 Define load factor. 22.22.6 Describe how load factor increases with bank angle. 22.22.8 Explain the connection between load factor and percentage increase in stalling speed. 22.22.10 Explain the factors affecting rate and radius of turn. 22.22.12 Explain the conditions for a maximum rate/minimum radius turn. 22.22.14 Explain the effect of wind during: Page 77 Advisory Circular AC 61-1.5 Revision 13 15 December 2006 CAA of NZ 76 Sub Topic Syllabus Item (a) a constant-bank turn; (b) a constant-radius turn around a ground feature. 22.22.16 In climbing and descending turns, describe: (a) the effect on rate of climb/descent; (b) the tendency to overbank/underbank. 22.22.18 Describe the forces acting during a manoeuvre in the looping plane; and 22.22.20 Identify the factors affecting the radius of a looping manoeuvre. 22.22.22 Describe design manoeuvre speed (Va) and explain the features of a typical V- n (or V-g) diagram.

22.24: Propellers
22.24.2 Define blade face, blade angle, pitch (or helix) angle, helical twist, angle of attack. 22.24.4 Describe the forces acting on a propeller blade; the rpm/airspeed relationship; and the most effective blade sections. 22.24.6 Explain how propeller pitch affects efficiency at different speeds. 22.24.8 Explain the purpose of the constant-speed (variable pitch) propeller. 22.24.10 Describe in broad terms the operation of the constant speed unit (CSU) with changes in power setting and airspeed. 22.24.12 Describe the correct procedure for handling manifold pressure and propeller controls. 22.24.14 Describe the forces acting on a propeller when: (a) windmilling; (b) feathered; (c) in reverse thrust. 22.24.16 Explain propeller centrifugal and aerodynamic twisting moments. 22.24.18 Describe asymmetric blade effect. 22.24.20 Explain the terms power absorption and propeller solidity.

22.26: Stability
22.26.2 Explain static stability and dynamic stability. 22.26.4 Differentiate between stability and controllability. Page 78 Advisory Circular AC 61-1.5 Revision 13 15 December 2006 CAA of NZ 77 Sub Topic Syllabus Item 22.26.6 Define longitudinal stability and explain: (a) the action of the tailplane in maintaining longitudinal stability; (b) wing pitching moments; (c) the effect of CG position. 22.26.8 Define directional stability and explain the factors affecting it. 22.26.10 Define lateral stability and explain the factors affecting it (dihedral, shielding, wing position, keel surface/fin area, sweepback). 22.26.12 Explain the requirement to match lateral and directional stability. 22.26.14 Explain the conditions of spiral instability, dutch roll, and snaking. 22.26.16 With respect to stability and control on the ground, explain: (a) the importance of CG position; (b) the differences between nosewheel and tailwheel configurations; (c) handling of controls in strong crosswinds. 22.26.18 For a single-engine propeller aircraft, explain the factors affecting swing on take-off. 22.26.20 Describe cross-wind take-off and landing techniques. 22.26.22 Explain ground effect, and relate it to take-off and landing.

22.28: Asymmetric Flight
22.28.2 Explain the consideration involved in coping with asymmetric thrust/drag and reduced power. 22.28.4 Explain the factors affecting yawing and rolling moments. 22.28.6 Define critical engine. 22.28.8 Recall immediate actions and techniques for identifying the failed engine. 22.28.10 Explain the three modes of constant-heading asymmetric flight. 22.28.12 Define Vmca and Vmcg.

22.30: Range and Endurance
22.30.2 Define specific air range (SAR) and specific fuel consumption (SFC). 22.30.4 State the general conditions for achieving maximum SAR. 22.30.6 Explain the airframe and engine considerations of flying for range (piston engine). Page 79 Advisory Circular AC 61-1.5 Revision 13 15 December 2006 CAA of NZ 78 Sub Topic Syllabus Item 22.30.8 Apply performance tables or graphs from an aircraft manual to determine best SAR under given conditions. 22.30.10 Define flying for endurance and differentiate between range flying and endurance flying (piston engine). 22.30.12 State the factors affecting endurance and explain practical endurance flying techniques.

22.32: Performance
22.32.2 Define: (a) Take-off distance required (TODR), take-off safety speed, and screen height (or barrier); (b) Take-off distance available (TODA) and clearway; (c) Take-off run available (TORA); (d) Accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA) and stopway; (e) Gradient and gross and net flight paths; (f) Landing distance available (LDA), landing distance required (LDR) and landing threshold; (g) Dry, wet, and contaminated (in relation to runway surface); (h) Drift down. 22.32.4 Explain the factors affecting take-off and landing performance. 22.32.6 Given an elevation, QNH and ambient temperature, calculate pressure altitude and density altitude. 22.32.8 Express an ambient temperature as a deviation from ISA temperature (and vice versa). 22.32.10 Demonstrate an ability to use wind-component graphs, and to apply runway slope and surface correction factors. 22.32.12 Demonstrate an ability to calculate take-off and landing performance in accordance with CAR Part 135 Subpart D using representative aeroplane take- off and landing performance charts (P-charts). 22.32.14 Demonstrate an ability to calculate en-route engine inoperative performance using a representative single-engine service ceiling graph.


text:
Anirudra Prasad Singh

Anirudra Prasad Singh (c. 1920 – September 15, 2020) was a Nepalese judge who served as 2nd Chief Justice of Nepal, in office from 21 May 1956 to 29 June 1959. He was appointed by the then-king of Nepal, Mahendra. He was also a former public service commission head and minister of law and forests.

Singh was preceded by Hari Prasad Pradhan and succeeded by Hari Prasad Pradhan.

title: Anirudra Prasad Singh


text:
Talk:Getting started with sound recording

An apparently excellent page to help newcomers to audio recording. My complements. I will be back to take it back if cannot actually get anything to work. lol (laugh out loud) Seriously I have learned quite a bit already from it. Mirwin 22:15, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

Breaking up and developing this page
The following is from an email correspondence between myself and Cormaggio, after I first added to the "Getting started with sound recording" page. Drake 01:08, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

[some comments snipped]

Perhaps, much of what I want to express is more correctly put into the "Audio Engineering" course. But the "Getting started in sound recording" is a good start.

The thing about audio is that it goes on and on. It morphs and folds into itself then expands. For example, compression is also a form of EQ which can be used as a form of compression. Reverb is also a form of EQ. Overdrive distortion is compression and eq which can, in turn, be used to make overdrive distortion when you don't have overdrive distortion effects. So, I suggest an outline that has:

 * specific practical instructions, very simple and very direct, click this, cable into that, etc. what "Getting started..." ought to include.
 * theory/explanations that are more general like the current "Getting started with sound recording" page including what I've begun to add.
 * from that, links to specific deeper theory for when a person needs to get more understanding - eg. --theory of sound for audio artists, theory of signal flow, theory of the DAW, theory of effects, etc.
 * specific pages for each topic, eg., specific effects, analog, consoles, digital consoles, DAW software each can have a whole page (plus links as needed) that has explanations and examples of how it's used or applied.
 * Recording, mixing, and mastering. Each are whole specialties in themselves.
 * then a reiteration of the initial specific practical instructions that are deeper including real world examples.

Lastly, links to music theory, musicianship, etc. since these all can have the most profound effect on a recording. The point is, most things can't just be "fixed in the mix" as you will see as you personally get further into the art of sound recording. However, like everything, the information ought not be overwhelming, just accessible as needed. This will inevitably lead to "styles" where one can take a "loop" that is well recorded and make a fantastic song with very little technical skill.

I don't know how to break things up, technically speaking, so I will need some help. I'm confronted with my own learning curve as to how to make the editing process work. I have the "editing" help page up and can access it quickly as I go along and get better. Perhaps we should create the pages each with their own outlines that can get flushed out as this expands. That's my understanding of wikiversity, anyway, making specific pages that can be edited without piling too many topics on a given section.

At any rate, I love audio, I am an audio engineer and I teach this stuff whenever I can. My goal is to make it easy to get to the level of information a user needs, not to glaze over eyeballs or put people to sleep. A lot of my experience in audio is getting to a specific piece of data in three inch think manuals right when I am in my "right brain" in the middle of creating, so I really grasp what it means to be confronted with too much information, yet wanting more information on a specific topic, and getting frustrated. This sound department at wikiversity needs that sort of ability to "drill" through to information as well as easily printed, single page explanations so the aspiring sound creator can have what he/she needs while going into the right brain of sound creation.

Audio, for me, is the perfect blend of left and right brain activity. On the one hand a songwriter "right brain's" a concept then has to go "left brain" to make it happen. Going "left brain" without totally killing the creativity is an art in itself. How we structure this "course" will have great effect on the ability of people to create music and enjoy the process. I find one can't know too much because audio is like a fractal. It's also like a hologram, every bit expresses the whole. Some of the best recordings I've heard were actually created by "newbie's" who knew nothing and just clicked around until they got something really cool. On the other hand, the very best recordings came from those with astounding knowlege applied as the muse required!

Hopefully this makes sense to you. Let me know how to proceed.

Thanx, Drake 01:08, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

Moving on
I suggest we develop an outline for the 'new' "Getting started with sound recording" page, then determine where to split the added information on the current "Getting started with sound recording" page and make pages for the major categories, eg,. Effects with the outline to include compression, reverb, delay, limiting, etc. (it's will be a long list in due time...).

Here are some notions for the 'new' "Getting started with sound recording" page, all one or two sentence explanations except where noted:

Getting started with sound recording
Brief Overview
 * What is sound? Sound defined.
 * What is a transducer? Why knowing this is important!
 * The human ear,
 * the microphone, and
 * the speaker.

 * Overview of Computers and Sound recording, the DAW. One or two paragraphs

NEW PAGE - The Setup to record something
Each would have a brief expanation with a link to a new page for in depth discussion. Equipment
 * Mics,
 * computers,
 * software, other instruments and
 * how the get sound into the computer,
 * hardware audio interface
 * analog audio interface, or console
 * computer sound card
 * Tape recorders, similar concept just different buttons to push. One paragraph.

NEW PAGE
Steps in recording sound
 * digital vs analog, which one? why? Two or three paragraphs.

Steps in digital recording - just a list. Steps in analog recording - just a list with an explanation at the beginning and end.

NEW PAGE - Audio Signal Processing
Audio Signal Processing
 * Dynamics processing
 * Effects
 * EQ

-

What did I leave out? I took the original outline and used most of it's entries to build the one I made, above.

I suggest putting up the outline structure then filling it in to see how the explanations follow. Sometimes one's understanding or need to know will determine the order of the explanations. When working with someone in person, I look at what they have and are already doing and then go from there. That said, I hope the pages are easy to navigate through. Initially the explanations need to be easy short reads with specific information.

Lastly, I suggest adding a "Try this" example here and there. A project really helps the understanding.

Again soon, I'm sure! -Drake! Drake 01:08, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

Comments on structure
Thanks very much for all your comments and suggestions, Drake. I think the structure you propose is good - I think there's a danger of putting too much information on one page, which can both dilute the absolutely essential-for-now (ie "getting started") information, and make the subject seem too complex, and hence be off-putting. So breaking up the page sounds good. If this page is really targeted at a complete newbie (which I always intended in choosing this name), then the steps you outline sound good too. And I totally agree with breaking off into pages on specific theories and technologies - I see this as being able to 'zoom' in and out of information - as general or as specific as the user needs. There's no limit to the detail we can go into - there's just a practical limit to what should go on one page. And so if you'd like to reframe this whole area as simply Sound recording (or see also Topic:Audio Engineering) - and not simply an introduction for newbies - then that's fine. Also, as well as writing materials, it might be interesting to explore other, perhaps more collaborative ways of learning and teaching sound recording - I'm open to suggestions! Cormaggio talk 06:38, 4 May 2008 (UTC)


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Los héroes del norte

Los Héroes del Norte (The Heroes of the North) is a Mexican TV comedy series about the adventures of a fictional musical group named Los Héroes del Norte. The show was created by Gustavo Loza and produced by Adicta Films for Televisa. It premiered on September 20, 2010 on the Bandamax cable television music channel.

Band members

 * Miguel Rodarte as Zechariah III
 * Humberto Busto as Apolinar Caborca
 * Armando Hernández as Faquir
 * Andrés Almeida as Botarga (Motley)
 * Marius Biegai as El Menona (The Mennonite)

Regular cast

 * Patricia Reyes Spíndola as Doña Olegaria (band manager)
 * María Aura as Margaret (Apolinar's wife)
 * Karla Souza as Prisca (Menona's niece)
 * Ignacio Guadalupe as Procopio (band security officer)
 * Greta Cervantes as Perla (Procopio's daughter)

Recurring cast

 * Joaquín Cosio as Don Hassan
 * Adrián Uribe as El Junior
 * Jesús Ochoa as El Comandante
 * Aislinn Derbez as Natasha

Guest stars

 * Katerine Ricardo as Caridad (credited as Katerina Pérez Ricardo)

Production
In 2009, Adicta Films presented the pilot episode to Televisa. The pilot was filmed in Acaxiloco (Cuetzalan del Progreso), Tehuacán, Ajalpan, Altepexi, and Zapotitlán Salinas in the Mexican State of Puebla. In 2010, Televisa gave the show the green light and on August 19 of that year filming began in San Luis Potosí. Filming continued for four months and one week, the only series that Televisa produced that year. The new RED Camera was used.

For the second season, production moved to cities in other countries, including Los Angeles, California, in addition to Mexican cities like in Tijuana, Chihuahua and Mexico City. Morocco was considered but was ruled out due to the ongoing conflict and racism there.

The cast members gave concerts and shows in several cities in Mexico. Their first shows were held in the city of Oaxaca on March 15 and 16, 2012.

Criticisms

 * In the episode that revealed that Apolinar Caborca is Guatemalan, the band members speak derogatorily about the country, in particular towards Guatemalan singer-songwriter Ricardo Arjona, likening him as a "truck singer", and calling the inhabitants of the country beggars. This generated criticism and protests in Guatemala and led to a call to boycott all Televisa products on broadcast television and cable.
 * The Attorney General's Office of Mexico City suspended the filming of the series because of changes the series made to two acronyms associated with their office. PGR (Office of the Mexican Attorney-General) was changed to "PPR" and SIEDO (Assistant Attorney General's Office for Special Investigations on Organized Crime) was changed to "SIEGO", a play on the Spanish word "ciego" (blind).

Trivia

 * Lo Intentamos ("We tried")—the song that propels the group to fame in the first season—enjoyed great success on radio stations in 2009 in both Mexico and the United States. The song was composed by Espinoza Paz. During the Bandamax Awards, Paz credits Zacarías—the purported songwriter on the show—as the song's composer.
 * In the episode when Doña Olegaria meets the musicians her hair was real. From then on, she wears wigs.
 * Both El Menona and Prisca are from a town where they practice Mennonite Anabaptism. Given her ignorance of the customs of the world outside her community Prisca constantly asks, "Is this what Catholics are like?"
 * In the second season, Faquir's earring changes sides.
 * Faquir was blond in the first season, in the second he dyed his hair black.
 * Both Los Héroes del Norte and Las Heroinas del Sur have performed songs in homage to deceased singers.
 * "Un Puño de Tierra" by Antonio Aguilar
 * "El Sirenito" by Rigo Tovar
 * "Amor Prohibido" by Selena (performed by Las Heroinas del Sur)
 * "Vete Ya" by Valentin Elizalde
 * The first two episodes of Season 3 were filmed in Havana, Cuba.

title: Los héroes del norte


text:
by accident

Adverb

 * 1) Accidentally; unintentionally; without meaning to; as the result of an event not expected, aided, or willingly planned.
 * Sorry. I knocked over the vase by accident.
 * 1) As the result of some undesigned, unintended, unrelated, natural, or random occurrence; as the unexpected and unforeseen result of formerly unrelated factors.
 * The car got totaled by accident; a giant snowdrift fell off the church roof.
 * The only way that project still exists today is by accident; I thought we closed it years ago.
 * The scholar thinks the quote and the parable were spoken on different occasions and only by accident were brought together here.
 * 1) By chance; unexpectedly; as the result of an unrelated series of events.
 * I hadn't seen her for years, but I ran into her by accident at the store.
 * She overheard the information by accident.

Adjective

 * 1) Accidental; as the result of some unforeseen happening or series of events; unexpected; resulting from an event without the foresight, expectation, aid, or design of the person by whose agency it was caused; unintentional.

Synonyms

 * ,, ; see also Thesaurus:accidental

title: by accident


text:
Toshiyuki Watanabe

Toshiyuki "Toshi" Watanabe (渡辺 俊幸 Watanabe Toshiyuki; born February 3, 1955) is a Japanese musician and composer, known for writing film scores.

Early life
Tohsiyuke Watanabe (also referred to as Toshi ) was born on February 3, 1955 in Nagoya, Japan. He is the son of legendary tokusatsu and anime composer, Michiaki Watanabe.

Career
Watanabe has scored multiple films and anime. His most notable works are the Mothra trilogy in the 1990s and the award-winning anime seriesUchū Kyōdai ("Space Brothers") from 2012 to 2014.

In he wrote a drum kit concerto for Australian drummer David Jones.

Notable film scores

 * Declaration of a Domineering Husband (1979)
 * Makioka Sisters (1983)
 * Jiro's Story (1987)
 * Golf Yoakemae (1987)
 * Rebirth of Mothra (1996)
 * Rebirth of Mothra II (1997)
 * Rebirth of Mothra III (1998)
 * Milk White (2003)
 * Gege (2004)
 * Mazinger Z: Infinity (2017)
 * Shinkansen Henkei Robo Shinkalion the Movie: Mirai Kara Kita Shinsoku no ALFA-X (2019)

Television scores

 * "Round Vernian Vifam" (1983-1999)
 * Bosco Adventure (1986-1987)
 * Metal Armor Dragonar (1987-1988) (with Kentarō Haneda)
 * The Adventures of Peter Pan (1989)
 * The Three-Eyed One (1990-1991)
 * The Brave Fighter of Sun Fighbird (1991-1992)
 * Mōri Motonari (1997)
 * Kyuukyuu Sentai GoGoFive (1999-2000)
 * Galactic Armored Fleet Majestic Prince (2013)
 * Space Brothers (2012-2014)
 * Kabukimono Keiji (2015)
 * Shinkansen Henkei Robo Shinkalion THE ANIMATION (2018-2019)

Video game scores

 * Shenmue (1999) (orchestration)
 * Chase the Express (2000)
 * Shenmue II (2001) (orchestration)

title: Toshiyuki Watanabe


text:
Stanley Robert Hart

Stanley Robert Hart (born 20 June 1935 in Swampscott, Massachusetts) is an American geologist, geochemist, leading international expert on mantle isotope geochemistry, and pioneer of chemical geodynamics.

Biography
Hart graduated from MIT with a bachelor's degree in geology in 1956 and a master's degree in geochemistry in 1957 from Caltech. In 1960 he received his doctorate in geochemistry from MIT with thesis Mineral ages and metamorphism under the supervision of Patrick M. Hurley. After a year as a Carnegie Fellow, Hart was from 1961 to 1975 at the Carnegie Institution in Washington, D.C. in the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. From 1975 to 1989 he was a professor of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT and from 1989 to 1992 a visiting professor there. From 1989 to 2007 he was a Senior Scientist in geology and geophysics at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. He retired from Woods Hole in 2007 as Scientist Emeritus.

Hart is a leading pioneer in the introduction of geochemistry into the Earth sciences. He developed comparative geochronology, which accounts for geological perturbations in various geochronometers. At the Carnegie Institution of Washington, he worked with George Wetherill, George Tilton, L. T. Aldrich, and G. L. Davis on mapping Precambrian rocks in the USA using comparative geochronology. There Hart became the leader of a group including Thomas Krogh, Albrecht Hofmann, Christopher Brooks, and others.

According to Claude Allègre: "Stan has studied basalts in every environment: mid-oceanic ridge basalts, oceanic island basalts, subduction zone basalts, old basalts, Archean basalts. He has also studied basaltic systems in the laboratory, where he was a pioneer in the measurement of partition coefficients for trace elements, but more importantly, he was one of the first to study quantitatively the effect of diffusion and to understand the fundamental problem of how isotopic memories work. His paper with Al Hofmann in the volume honoring Paul Gast is a keystone for geochemistry, isotopic coding with magma, and isotopic memory in solids."

Hart focused on the application of isotopic chemistry to age determination in geology, the geochemical evolution of mantle and oceanic lithosphere, and the geochemistry of strontium, neodymium, and lead isotopes in volcanic rocks. He also studied the long-term behavior of the chemical composition of the oceans due to their interaction with the oceanic crust and the experimental determination of fundamental geochemical properties such as mineral-melt partition coefficients in silicates and solid-state diffusion rates. In 1968, together with John S. Steinhart, he published the Steinhart-Hart equation, which provides a mathematical model of how the temperature and the electrical resistance of a thermistor vary, based upon 3 so-called Steinhart-Hart coefficients.

He was a co-editor from 1970 to 1972 of the Reviews of Geophysics, from 1970 to 1976 of the Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, and from 1975 to 1992 of Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. In 1975/76 he chaired the US National Committee for Geochemistry. His doctoral students include Erik Hauri.

Hart has three children, one daughter from his first marriage, which ended in divorce in 1978, and a son and a daughter from his second marriage which began in 1980.

Awards and honors

 * 1983 — Member of the National Academy of Sciences
 * 1985–1987 — President of the Geochemical Society
 * 1992 — V. M. Goldschmidt Award, Geochemical Society
 * 1997 — Harry Hess Medal, American Geophysical Union
 * 2005 — Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 * 2008 — Arthur L. Day Prize and Lectureship
 * 2016 — William Bowie Medal

title: Stanley Robert Hart


text:
Phulai, Bhojpur

Phulai is a village in the southern part of Bihiya block in Bhojpur district, Bihar, India. As of 2011, its population was 955, in 135 households.

title: Phulai, Bhojpur


text:
Talk:Game critiques

Everybody can criticize
...not only people interested in quality. I would like to offer my help and also extend this to a collaboration with the course software testing. --Erkan Yilmaz 11:34, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

structure
Hi, I have added some structure and text. I included also this chapter: Game_Critiques, because it was mentioned in: Topic:Board_Game_Design. Would be happy about feedback :-) --Erkan Yilmaz 12:45, 18 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Perhaps there could be made more distinction to Games_in_Development? --Erkan Yilmaz 12:47, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Also here is mentioned something, which should belong together:
 * "Board Game Design Templates - An effort to standardize basic Game Critique, Playtest Report, and Ruleset formats.". --Erkan Yilmaz 18:47, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

Collaboration
I'm in for any collaboration you'd like to do. I like the text you've added and I'm sure we'll be able to refine it further.Dnjkirk 13:31, 18 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Great and also thx for the fast feedback. --Erkan Yilmaz 14:11, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Game critiques


text:
Talk:Handbook of Descriptive Statistics/Types of Statistical Variables

"Level of Measurement" copied from Wikipedia article of same name. --SimonK 03:32, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Instituto de Odivelas

The Instituto de Odivelas (IO) was a Portuguese military school for young girls, located at Odivelas. It was founded in 1900 and closed in 2015. The last official full name of the school was Instituto de Odivelas (Infante Dom Afonso) (Portuguese for "Institute of Odivelas (Prince Alfonse)").

Academics
The IO provided basic and secondary education (5th to 12th grades), both in the boarding school and day-school regimes.

Military training was available as part of the school curriculum, but only as an optional course.

History
The institution was created in 1900, by the initiative of Prince Alfonse, brother of King Charles I of Portugal, with the objective of educating the daughters of the officers of the Portuguese Army and Navy. It was installed in the building of the former Monastery of Saint Denis of Odivelas.

Initially, it was named Instituto Infante Dom Afonso (Prince Alfonse Institute). In 1910, it was renamed Instituto Torre e Espada (Tower and Sword Institute) and, in 1911, Instituto Feminino de Educação e Trabalho (Feminine Institute of Education and Labor). In 1942, it became the Instituto de Odivelas and, in 1988, the last name was adopted.

In a controversial decision taken in 2013, the Minister of National Defense José Pedro Aguiar-Branco ordered in the closing of the IO in the end of the school year of 2014/2015. Their students are being integrated in the Military College, which was transformed from a boys' school into a mixed gender school. This decision is being opposed by the former students and parents organizations of both schools.

Alumni
Alumni include:
 * Luna Andermatt, ballet dancer
 * Rosa Lobato de Faria, actor
 * Teresa Leal Coelho, politician
 * Isabel Gago, Portugal's first female chemical engineer

title: Instituto de Odivelas


text:
User:AmonTon707

Hi, my name is Tony and I am 24 years old. I have been using Wikipedia since I was 12 and now since I am older and know more, I have decided that now is the time to contribute to a Wikipedia page. I have done my fair share of referencing articles, especially through college, so I am confident that I know what Wikipedia is looking for. Please feel free to talk to me on my talk page.

I also understand this page/sandbox is meant as a user bio or profile page by looking at other User:____ Pages. Kindly let me know if this is not what it is for and I will change it immediately.

title: User:AmonTon707


text:
Talk:Moira Redmond

Can't find confirmation on death
I can't seem to find a confirmation anywhere on her death. Is there a source on this? Also, how does one die of dementia? Is there an official cause of her death? Ksgant 15:19, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Moira Redmond


text:
Maintaining ethical conduct

From the official document:
 * "This unit defines the competency required to maintain professional and ethical conduct when dealing with colleagues, clients and employers."

Basically, that means ... (translate above into plain english)

You can read more about this unit on the National Training Information Systems Official document for ICAW4214A.

This unit forms part of the following qualifications:
 * Cert IV Websites Qualification in Australia

How this unit will help you
After learning and applying the skills required by this unit you'll be able to demonstrate your skills in:

 * translate the above elements and performance criteria into plain english and summarise here...

Ideas for learning the required skills
...

Ideas for demonstrating this unit
The best way to demonstrate these skills is ...

Grading
If you are demonstrating this unit as part of a formal course, you might find that the unit is graded (meaning you can not only demonstrate your competence, but can also gain a credit or distinction). Your facilitator may already have set criteria that your college uses. If not, here are some ideas for possible credit/distinction activities that you can discuss with your facilitator:

title: Maintaining ethical conduct


text:
executability

Noun

 * 1) The extent to which something may be executed.
 * The executability of the file would depend on compatibility with the updated hardware.
 * The executability of his command would depend upon the remaining strength and stamina of the men.

title: executability


text:
Panty Raider: From Here to Immaturity

Panty Raider: From Here to Immaturity is an adventure game developed by Hypnotix and published by Simon & Schuster Interactive in 2000 for Microsoft Windows.

Plot
The story of the game involves three aliens who were accidentally shipped a lingerie catalogue from planet Earth. After the catalogue was "used up" by the aliens, they travel to Earth in search of more photos of models. The aliens capture the main character of the game and give him tools in order to get models to remove their clothing and be photographed. If he does not comply, the aliens will destroy Earth.

Reception
NPD Techworld, a firm that tracked sales the United States, reported 28,692 units sold of Panty Raider by December 2002.

title: Panty Raider: From Here to Immaturity


text:
Malta at the Deaflympics

Malta has been participating at the Deaflympics since 2001 and has yet to win any medals.

Malta yet to participate at the Winter Deaflympics.

title: Malta at the Deaflympics


text:
Whippleville, New York

Whippleville is a hamlet in Franklin County, New York, United States. The community is 3.1 mi south-southeast of Malone. Whippleville had a post office from May 26, 1887, until October 14, 1989; it still has its own ZIP code, 12995.

title: Whippleville, New York


text:
Talk:Newsvine

Untitled
I'm going to start adding stuff. Entry doesn't even begin to cover the complexities of the site; though, it was more than sufficent when Beta was around. RegBarc 03:30, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Newsvine In The News
Do we need to start a section about when newsvine has been featured in the news or discussed. Currently there is a mention about the discussion of newsvine on inside the net but it seems to stand by itself somewhat. Lee 14:38, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

History?
I don't know, I'd kind of like to see a bit of Newsvine's history written - not just it's features. --Oreckel 20:23, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

I'd like to see some history of Newsvine but I think we could also do with some notation of stories Newsvine has broken and other Internet-Events which have taken place on the site. -- Killfile

Fair use rationale for Image:Newsvine logo.png
Image:Newsvine logo.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 16:41, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Where is the Chat Lobby?
Is this feature still available in Newsvine? I can't find it. Ryanwiki 06:30, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

Banning
Ok. I WAS BANNED from newsvine. I can demonstrate and PROVE that I was banned under three different monikers. I am an anti zionist and always advocated that we "cleanse" our government from these people and their influence on our foreign policy. After a couple of weeks, I was suddenly unable to post on newsvine and now recieve a "BLOCKED ACCOUNT" green text notification screen whenever I try. I contacted newsvine about it through the contact us link on their site and received a generic response thanking me for the contact but nothing after that. I can't believe that there are folks who deny this is happening. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:08, 9 June 2013 (UTC)

The Newsvine staff bans users arbitrarily, often without explanation. This is a feature of the site that should be mentioned. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:26, August 26, 2007 (UTC)

Look, if you can't cite a reference for this statement, I'm going to continue deleting. Without some sort of solid backup, this is a statement of opinion, not fact. Arak80 17:15, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Will Newsvine ban users? Yes, there are several users who have been banned to my knowledge. Sometimes there is some sort of statement about it, but usually the user simply disappears. Are the bannings arbitrary? The reason for banning has not been mentioned in any of the bannings that I was aware of, although sometimes there was non-specific mention of violations of the Code of Honor. However, there are many users who commit flagrant violations of the Code of Honor who are not banned, and there is even one user who was simply required to change her login name after having violated copyright, a crime which could have exposed Newsvine to litigation. Therefore, the bannings are arbitrary. Are the bannings sometimes political? The users who are allowed to commit violations of the Code of Honor are generally in one political camp, and several of the banned users were adamant opponents of that camp. One banned user was an experiment designed to test whether bannings were politically motivated: Jimmy Bilokonsky Unless the Newsvine entry in Wikipedia is intended to be an advertisement for Newsvine, it seems that it ought to cover aspects of Newsvine other than what can be found on Newsvine's own introduction pages. The other content of the Newsvine entry reads like a press release written by an employee of Newsvine. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:50, August 28, 2007 (UTC)

I completely agree with you, it should cover other aspects of Newsvine. However, the manner you have it presented on the article page is a statement of opinion, not one of fact. You cite several examples on the discussion page which should be included in the article. You should try writing up something like you have here in order to make it sound less like you have an axe to grind. Arak80 04:17, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

It would be a lie to deny that I have an axe to grind, however, I have stayed with the facts. A little busy now, but I will try to incorporate the discussion points at a later time. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:09, August 28, 2007 (UTC)

Cool, I look forward to seeing it. I don't participate on Newsvine all that much, but I do read it quite a bit and am aware of all the petty issues that float around that then turn into huge issues. Don't know much about banning though, so I think it would be interesting for other readers to see. Arak80 01:56, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Hope you found my changes to be an improvement. There's an article on mobbing aka hunting on Newsvine itself which I just encountered which I am considering citing in the mobbing section, though I want to talk to the author first. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:35, August 29, 2007 (UTC)

I used to be a member of Newsvine. I decided to delete my account after the guides and moderators demonstrated unfairness and inconsistency. I never received a suspension and I wasn't banned. I didn't want to be a part of a community where the members were not treated with even a bare minimum of respect. I watched as some members would be banned for trivial offenses (like mistakenly posting something to news when it was an opinion piece) while other members would rack up multiple suspensions for repeatedly violating the Code of Honor and the User Agreement. One person would get a day's suspension for a violation, while another person who made the same sort of violation would get a week, or a month's suspension - or get banned outright. There was no rhyme or reason to the moderation. It seemed arbitrary and capricious. The guides are combative, aggressive, and no help at all - and there's at least two of them who shouldn't have any position of authority whatsoever as they're completely incapable of performing their duties without being extremely hostile or blatantly biased. The moderating staff is not held to any standard of conduct and is unresponsive at best. Although Newsvine has - had? - great promise, until they improve their moderating and make it completely transparent and fair, it's going to continue to go downhill. That's the fault of staff, not the members. I honestly wish the site the best but I'll be posting elsewhere because of the problems with the site I've outlined in my post here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:48, 2 November 2010 (UTC)

After 5 years, it's common enough knowledge by now that Newsvine arbitrarily bans users for no reason other than for their political views. Arak80 and Miapadi are being deliberately disingenuous with their straw-man demands for proof, but the proof is out there every day as one can visit the website and see what goes on. Dozens of people are banned every week for not following the TOC guidelines which is nothing more than an excuse to ban somebody because they don't follow the politically-correct line. And it's getting worse too as people find out how to get around IP bans and more and more of them re-register themselves. The site is turning into one big joke the same way the previous MSNBC-run forums did. This needs to be said. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:01, 30 January 2012 (UTC)

 * There are two problems with that. First, what you call "common enough knowledge" is/has been disputed by people, from other users of Newsvine, to the site's moderators who make the decisions in question, to the site's co-founder and CEO. So it's a controversial claim. And it being a common perception doesn't make it accurate, just common. It was once "common knowledge" that the Earth was flat, but that alone -- had Wikipedia existed at the time -- would not have justified allowing that claim without a reliable source. Second, even if it were common knowledge, that doesn't meet the standards for Verifiability: "Verifiability on Wikipedia is the ability to cite reliable sources that directly support the information in an article." No reliable sources were ever cited to support the edits discussed above in 2007, so they were inappropriate. Finally, Arak80 and Miapadi's "demands for proof" were simply them informing another editor of Wikipedia's guidelines on verifiability. They were doing their jobs and don't deserve to be personally attacked by having their intentions and actions maligned like that. Pwtenny (talk) 23:23, 26 February 2012 (UTC)

Mobbing
I'm wondering if maybe mobbing belongs under the Community heading, since it is an aspect of the community itself's behavior, rather than an official feature of Newsvine (in contrast to bannning, which is an official policy, whether stated or not). —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:42, August 30, 2007 (UTC)

Recent edits
Regarding several of my recent edits, including this one (which is representative of all of them), I remind users that Wikipedia is not a soapbox, and complaints about Newsvine should be taken up at Newsvine, not here. The information is of dubious factuality, is highly opinionated, and is clearly not encyclopedia in nature. – Mipadi 20:23, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

All the information you approved of in the Newsvine entry is taken straight from Newsvine pages: are Wikipedia entries to be limited to the information supplied by their subjects? Newsvine is a community: is community behavior outside the realm of a Wikipedia entry? Newsvine is a moderated forum: is moderator bias outside the realm of a Wikipedia entry? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:47, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

Are insults really a persuasive technique? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:01, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

Can anyone comment on the reception of Newsvine? From what I've seen, it doesn't really seem to have captured the audience it wanted to, with most people sticking to big media websites or social news like Digg. This article seems a little thin. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:31, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

It hasn't. Registrations went up in the last couple months, but many of those aren't actually new users. They're second and third (etc) accounts of banned users/trolls/what have you. I couldn't possibly estimate what pecentage are legitimate new users and what aren't, but it's obvious that this phenomenon is happening if you're a regular reader of user comments on nearly any article (but particularly political news articles). <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:39, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

Let me remind Miapadi that any complaints taken up with Newsvine have been completely ignored and you just want to sweep any criticism of the website under the rug to suit your own political agenda.

What you edited out I may bring back at some future point. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:19, 29 January 2012 (UTC)

I've been undoing some edits by "<IP_ADDRESS>" recently and will continue doing so until this disagreement is resolved. The edits state as a fact that Newsvine is a politically liberal website that treats political conservatives unfairly. That claim is not supported by statements of the site's founders, current owners, active staff members, official statements on/by the site itself, is not a quoted claim by a cited outside source, and is currently the subject of an unresolved dispute. There is no consensus here. Unresolved disputes should not appear outside of sections clearly explaining their status with sufficient off-site citations to satisfy Wikipedia's Neutral Point Of View (NPOV) guideline: "Editing from a neutral point of view (NPOV) means representing fairly, proportionately, and as far as possible without bias, all significant views that have been published by reliable sources" and "Biased statements of opinion can only be presented with attribution." I suggest creating a "criticism" section where the existence of this dispute over Newsvine's alleged bias may be explained in a neutral manner, with proper citations to reliable sources. If that can't be done, my reversions should be considered permanent.

Since my edits are reverting this article to its state prior to this meta-dispute with no additions or other changes, I believe it should remain that way with no further edits on involving this issue until this meta-dispute is revolved. Please don't turn this into an edit war. — Pwtenny (talk) 20:35, 4 February 2012 (UTC)

Pwtenny needs to understand he doesn't own this Wiki page. Until Newsvine becomes evenhanded about who it bans, there will be grievances expressed here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:13, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is an encyclopedia for verifiable information, not a forum for "grievances". Perhaps Newsvine itself is the better place for that. Information added here needs to be verifiable, from a Neutral Point of View, and ideally quoted from a trusted source and linked for a complete citation. Original research/opinion is a non-starter. The [consensus of editors] on this Talk page is that your edits don't meet any of those requirements. You may have noticed that most of the reversions are being done by other editors, and very few are from me lately. I welcome you to edit this article and any other on Wikipedia in accordance with the guidelines: Neutral_point_of_view, Verifiability, and No_original_research. Please read those articles. They'll help. -- Pwtenny (talk) 22:17, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

Newsvine article about Wikipedia
http://www.newsvine.com/_news/2009/01/23/2345924-wikipedia-your-source-for-inaccuracies Ottawahitech (talk) 15:10, 27 January 2010 (UTC)

NPOV dispute
Added this section to cover the above dispute. Edits have been made to the top most section (general description) replacing the words "community-powered" with "liberal". The new word does not conform to NPOV as it makes a claim from one side of an unresolved dispute both off and on Newsvine, doesn't present "all significant views" (such as people who deny this claim) and doesn't link/cite "reliable" outside sources for the claim. No justification for deleting "community-driven" has been provided, despite this appearing to be a completely neutral and undisputed description of the site.

Another sentence is being repeatedly added to the Commenting section that makes a claim, again about political bias, that is not supported by outside claims, is not cited, and is stated as a fact when it is also in dispute both on and off of Newsvine.

At best these statements belong in a "criticism" section, linking to statements on other publications by RELIABLE SOURCES discussing the issue. At worst, failing that, they don't belong here at all. Please do not add these edits back in until this NPOV dispute has been resolved. The article should remain as it was before the dispute for the sake of neutrality and expediency. — Pwtenny (talk) 20:56, 4 February 2012 (UTC)

This is an edit war, Pwtenny. It's common knowledge out there that the conservatives get banned and as a past user I have witnessed it at hand, so your citing of "reliable sources" is nothing more than a red herring to get bogged down into further pointless arguments because you'll dispute them anyway.

If you don't like it then have this Wiki dropped because I will continue to have this edited back to what I believe is the real truth.
 * I've done by best to locate a citation for this claim but I haven't been able to find one. Do you have a pointer to one? -- Sailing to Byzantium  ( msg ),  19:23, 5 February 2012 (UTC)

 * It should be noted that Wikipedia is not about "the truth", per se, but about providing information that can be reliably verified. See Verifiability. I understand that you believe your contribution to be factual, but that's not sufficient for inclusion in Wikipedia. (In the interest of full disclosure and adhering to Wikipedia's guidelines on potential conflicts of interest, I'll also add that I'm a Newsvine member in addition to my account here at Wikipedia.) David (talk) 20:21, 5 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Verifiability "The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth—whether readers can check that material in Wikipedia has already been published by a reliable source, not whether editors think unsourced material is true" and NOCITE "It requires inline citations for any material challenged or likely to be challenged, and for all quotations, anywhere in article space." seem controlling. Do you have a source/citation, <IP_ADDRESS>? -- Pwtenny (talk) 02:09, 6 February 2012 (UTC)

Due to more questionable edits by the IP and no meaningful engagement here on the Talk page, the Newsvine article has been semi-protected for a few days via dispute resolution and RFPP. Hopefully that resolves this dispute and we can focus on improving this article in the short term, especially with the "New Newsvine" full site revision to begin beta testing perhaps as early as March. Thanks for all the work and help editors. -- Pwtenny (talk) 18:35, 6 February 2012 (UTC)

You better padlock this thing FOREVER. Otherwise I will be back and change it back again. It's time the libtard lie of being "unbiased" be exposed once and for aall. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:30, 6 February 2012 (UTC)

What's funny about the whole "conservatives get banned for stating their opinion" argument is that we probably get more of the inverse complaint at Newsvine. The bottom line is that almost everyone who gets routinely banned thinks that it is because the site's "ideology" (whatever it is) is the opposite of the user's ideology (whatever it is). As I've been saying since Newsvine started in 2005, we don't even have *time* to have an ideology. We have a Code of Honor, we try to enforce it consistently, and those who are caught violating it repeatedly are banned. End of story. -- Mike D. Mikeindustries (talk) 23:46, 9 February 2012 (UTC)

January-February, 2012, Vandalism
An IP editor made a controversial edit to the Newsvine article on January 12, 2012, adding statements that Newsvine was a "highly liberal" website and that discussing matters that "do not fit the liberal ideology" will result in being banned. Another edit was made by the IP the same day to replace "...staff works to keep the platform operating and evolving" with "...to censor the site,and to ensure that any conservative views are dealt with accordingly." (diff) These two edits were undone by another IP editor who explained in their edit, "Removed biased terminology", which appears consistent with Wikipedia guidelines. This set off a long string of edits and undoes over the course of January and February. While the controversial edits in January tended to change from edit-to-edit, they followed a consistent pattern of:

1. adding language stating that Newsvine was a politically liberal website, biased towards political liberals, and pejorative of political conservatives. 2. never adding links/citations to reliable sources for these statements 3. never explaining their edits to add this information 4. never explaining their edits to revert other editors attempts to clean up what looked like vandalism

Controversial, unexplained edits with Verifiability and NPOV problems continued throughout January, and into late February when I became aware of the dispute. I registered an account, made reverts of the controversial edits, explaining why, and asked the IP to join me on the article's Talk page to discuss the dispute. I also created a NPOV box on the Newsvine Article and created a NPOV section on the article's Talk page for our discussion. The IP refused to provide links to support their edits when asked by multiple editors, refused to discuss alternate edits that would satisfy Wiki guidelines, and promised to continue their edit war indefinitely.

At this point all the controversial edits became identical (mostly due to all editors using the "undo" link on each other) even though the IP of the anonymous editor began changing, not just across one ISP, but several different IPs. Another editor notified me that they had created a dispute resolution involving me and the IP, and after I explained the situation there, the Newsvine article was semi-protected on Feb 6 2012. The article came off protection on Feb 10 2012, and was vandalized on Feb 22, Feb 25, and Feb 26. I undid the first two and the editor who had created the Dispute resolution undid the third. All three edits in the past few days were done by different IPs but were identical "undoes", to each other and to the vandalism from earlier this month.

To long; didn't read: One person has been vandalizing the Newsvine article for almost two straight months using rotating IPs, refusing to discuss the dispute, with as many as 5-6 registered editors trying to keep the article clean, even after semi-protection. More needs to be done. Pwtenny (talk) 00:05, 27 February 2012 (UTC)

March "Newsvine is Liberal" discussion
As a pro forma discussion (because I really doubt the user is ever going to discuss this) I wanted to raise the attention about the edits that User:<IP_ADDRESS> has been making. Repeatedly adding assertions of liberal bias in the body of the article and claiming that Wikipedia has a liberal cabal of editors who won't let the liberal tag stick to the article. After their re-insertion today I undid it and issued a final warning to the user. They proceeded to undo my undo and express disdain at the final warning. I proceeded to report them to AIV where they received a 48 hour block and subsequent to the block I reverted their undo (restoring the original consensus). Due to the fact that this "user" has returned on several different IP addresses to insert their claims of liberal bias (only to be reverted by editors in good standing) I propose that a consensus already exists.

The consensus being that compelling evidence that Newsvine is liberal has yet to be presented and therefore insertion by an editor not yet autoconfirmed be treated as drive-by vandalism and therefore subject to a subset of the exemptions regarding edit warring.

I ask for input on this consensus rule so that we can start using it to uphold the standards and quality of the encyclopedia in the face of single purpose editors. Hasteur (talk) 20:34, 14 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Anyone who frequents Newsvine knows that at the very least, it's liberal/progressive leaning. And that's putting it very mildly. Anyone who would dispute that is either attempting to conceal the fact or is so far out of touch with reality that they should be under a doctor's care. B0bab0ey (talk) 02:59, 26 March 2012 (UTC)

 * @B0bab0ey: The issue isn't what's suspected or known, but what can survive Verifiability and NPOV. Despite many independent requests, no one making the edit about Newsvine's political leanings has ever provided a link or citation. The consensus appears to be that the edit needs that, and without it, it's just vandalism at this point. Especially after this going on since January. -- Pwtenny (talk) 19:09, 26 March 2012 (UTC)

 * I agree that a consensus exists on this issue as Hasteur has proposed. There appears to be only a single IP editor making the changes mentioned, versus perhaps five or more non-IP editors who have done reversions based on NPOV and Verifiability. A few of them have been here on the Talk page and none have expressed agreement with the IP edits. The IP editor has been to the Talk page once or twice, but only to make statements such as that they will continue making these disputed edits indefinitely. Multiple editors have asked for a discussion and never gotten one. Many attempts to resolve the dispute and many warnings have been left on the IP's Talk page, to no avail. Pwtenny (talk) 19:09, 26 March 2012 (UTC)

 * The IP continues to make the disputed edit, and even used one of their previous IPs this afternoon, the one that was just recently blocked. Not sure what else to even add to their Talk page, the way it is now. -- Pwtenny (talk) 17:32, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

Fox News Example
This is in the second paragraph of the wikipedia page about Fox News. "Critics have asserted that Fox News Channel promotes conservative political positions, [5] and biased reporting.[6] Commentators, news anchors, and reporters at Fox News Channel have responded that news reporting and political commentary operate independently of each other, and deny any bias in the news reporting.[7]" Where is the reciprical of this on the newsvine page? If you people trying to defend removing pointing out the truth about newsvine because it can't be substantiated would bother to actually look at the site, usually a quick glance at the main headlines are more than enough. Here's some today: Manufactured Outrage: Obama Says The Word 'Thingamajig'; Conservative Blogs Explode In Outrage!!! 74 Votes | 168 Comments Grover Norquist Whines About Jeb Bush Abandoning The Anti-Tax Pledge (VIDEO) | Addicting Info 47 Votes | 63 Comments Romney adviser dismisses women's issues as 'shiny objects' 44 Votes | 74 Comments Obama...Just Not Ready to be POTUS 45 Votes | 296 Comments Can an anti-semite truly be a "real Christian"? 40 Votes | 100 Comments Romney Camp Defends Poor Job Record While Governor: He Inherited A Bad Situation

Are the powers that be at wikipedia really going to pretend this BS isn't verifiable? Okay, let's just assume for a second that you could actually find a competent person to go along with that blatant lie. Then where is the "critics say" disclaimer that you have on the Fox News page? Are you telling me you've verified Fox News is biased? Or are you telling me that its been verified Fox News critics says its biased? People would like the same standard for both sides. Either include critiques of newsvine on their page or remove the critiques from other pages. This isn't difficult people. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Igotbackon (talk • contribs) 13:53, 4 June 2012 (UTC)

 * The problem is that no independent reliable sources have been presented that reinforce Newsvine being liberal. There's anecdotal evidence, but no independent reporting of it.  The Fox News example you give is sourced by multiple independent sources to back up the assertion.  Before you move forward, please consider how you present your argument.  What you have done here is attempt to use the fallacy "other stuff exists" to argue that because wikipedia is not critical of Newsvine we should not be critical of Fox News.  Your posting style suggests that you have a ideological motivation. You might find more reasonable editors at Conservapedia.  As such there is no change in the consensus as no reliable sources have been presented. Hasteur (talk) 15:34, 4 June 2012 (UTC)

Back up the assertion? You mean like maddow? LOL, are you kidding? You claim the criticisms text on the Fox News page are backed up by mulitple independent sources. So I looked at them. maddow is listed...really? You people find maddow to be an independent source? So I assume Breitbart or Breitbart news is also acceptable, correct? I'm not attempting to use a fallacy. I'm pointing out you have an area for people to post criticisms about Fox News(with their unbiased independent sources LOL), and I guess if you people find them "credible" they are allowed to stay. Where is the criticisms area for newsvine? I'm not asking for wikipedia to be critical of anyone. I'm asking for wikipedia to allow the same type of area of dissent from what has been put forward on your pages. I think its both disingenuous and intellectually dishonest to hide behind the BS semantics people have used to rigorously defend newsvine from having dissention posted on their page whiule simultaneously not applying that same standard to the polar opposite of the political spectrum, like the Fox News page. Would you care to explain how its to me? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Igotbackon (talk • contribs) 15:50, 4 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Rachel Maddow is a respected mainstream media figure and therefore a reliable source. I'm sure there are plenty of articles on Wikpedia that cite mainstream Fox News figures such as Sheppard Smith in similar situations. The documentary about Fox News is also a reliable source. Nobody trying to make the "Newsvine is liberal" edit has ever cited an outside source like that, much less one that's reliable. Like it or not, that needs to be done. If no reliable sources making that claim can be found, there's probably a good reason why. What you're ultimately asking for is permission to ignore rules that apply to all other articles and editors because your edits don't satisfy those rules. I have no say in that, but I doubt you're going to get it. If you can't make the edits you want to make that satisfy Neutral_point_of_view, Verifiability, and No_original_research, perhaps you should consider finding other edits to make to this article, or another article to edit. The Newsvine article is pretty thin and could use filling out, there's plenty of work to do other than this. -- Pwtenny (talk) 18:01, 4 June 2012 (UTC)

Domain Was Originally 'Snatched'
Co-founder Mike Davidson used domain snatching firms to acquire the newsvine.com domain. He talks about it in his blog post "How to Snatch an Expiring Domain" that can be found here: "[...], I am the proud owner of a shiny new domain. A really really good one. [...] UPDATE #2: The story can now be told. The domain is Newsvine.com." This could be noteworthy enough to add to the article, and I think the blog post is a reliable enough source given the writer and context (see WP:NEWSBLOG). What do you folks think? --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:50, 24 November 2012 (UTC)

Newsvine revamped in 2013
A completely revamped Newsvine was unveiled on Feb. 7, 2013, making much of the current Wikipedia entry outdated. There was some controversy among members regarding the new version, with several pro and con articles (mostly con, I believe) published on the site. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:33, 11 May 2013 (UTC) Also, co-founders Mike Davidson and Calvin Tang are no longer with Newsvine

Sources of traffic, July 2013
A revision to this talk page made by User:FeralOink made the claim (in the edit reason) that "75% traffic is from India, 15% from Pakistan now" for Newsvine.com. My column analytics show 94% of traffic comes from the United States and I doubt the site overall is any different than that. Quantcast shows Newsvine.com ranked 135th of all US websites with traffic between 7 and 8 million people per month, US. To have 90% coming from India+Pakistan would mean Newsvine.com sees around 72 million people per month, which would make it about the 7th most trafficked site, almost as big as Amazon.com and quite a bit more visited than Wikipedia which obviously is not true. I hope that claim doesn't make its way into the Newsvine article itself. Pwtenny (talk) 18:54, 27 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Your website analytics eludes me, Pwtenny. Regardless, Newsvine was abruptly closed down without notice to contibutors in October 2017, so it is a moot point.--FeralOink (talk) 02:42, 5 April 2018 (UTC)

Lack of verifiable references
The article body has only one inline citation. Adding verifiability templates so that somebody who has time can add more references.--Yammie2009 (talk) 17:27, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 17 October 2016
Kckranger added "liberal leaning" replacing "community". I see no verification for that edit. The edit should be undone.

From:

Newsvine is a liberal-leaning, community-powered,

To:

Newsvine is a community-powered,

Bob Christenson 19:17, 17 October 2016 (UTC) The following request was added by
 * Yes check.svg Done — Andy W. ( talk ) 06:03, 18 October 2016 (UTC)

Happy New Year by Images
https://newyearwish.net/category/new-year-images/ Here is a collections of messages regarding Happy New Year with images. we are here to celebrate it. It is good time to tell world how much we are happy on new year.https://newyearwish.net/category/new-year-images/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Syedzulfiqarhai (talk • contribs) 05:11, 14 December 2020 (UTC)

Happy New Year
https://newyearwish.net/happy-new-year-2016-wishes-for-teacher/ Here is a collections of messages regarding Happy new year wishes to teacher as she starts learning us from write to read. He encourages us in school level and college then in University. Due to his guidance we got reputable and most suitable job. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Syedzulfiqarhai (talk • contribs) 05:02, 2 February 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 2 June 2023
An Epitaph for Newsvine -- Mike Industries -- a blog that serves to add some information to this article. https://mikeindustries.com/blog/archive/2017/10/an-epitaph-for-newsvine EReedJenner (talk) 20:09, 2 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: see WP:RS Cannolis (talk) 20:18, 2 June 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 2 June 2023 (2)
Suggest adding link to this blog by Newsvine founder Mike Davidson which is also a credible citation. https://mikeindustries.com/blog/archive/2017/10/an-epitaph-for-newsvine

(I don't have time to read through all of the ins and outs of editing on Wikipedia, will trust whomever gets this message, if my contribution is helpful, to add it to the article in the proper manner.)  EReedJenner (talk) 20:19, 2 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: see WP:BLOGS. This is the specific and short section of Wikipedia policy on sourcing that refers to blogs. Read if you want to understand why we would not consider that blog reliable. Cannolis (talk) 20:22, 2 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Newsvine


text:
Boriwen

Boriwen (บริเวณ) were subdivisions of three of the larger Thai monthon. Several mueang were grouped together into one boriwen. In 1908 the boriwen were renamed to changwat, which became the name of provinces countrywide in 1916.

The monthon with between three and five boriwen were Phayap, Udon Thani and Isan. Each boriwen was administrated by a commissioner (khaluang boriwen, ข้าหลวงบริเวณ). The administrative headquarters of the boriwen were located in the provincial town listed first:
 * Monthon Phayap
 * Boriwen Northern Chiangmai: Chiang Rai, Chiang Saen, Papao, Nongkhwang, and Fang
 * Boriwen Western Chiangmai: Mae Hong Son, Yuam, Khun Yuam, and Pai
 * Boriwen Northern Nan: Chiangkhong, Thoeng, Chiangkham, Chianglaeng, Chianglom, Chianghon (Khop and Kutsawadi were seceded to France in 1904)
 * Monthon Udon Thani
 * Boriwen Makkhaeng: Ban Makkhaeng (Udonthani), Nongkhai, Nonglahan, Kumphawapi, Kamutthasai, Phonphisai, and Rattanawapi
 * Boriwen Phachi: Khonkaen, Chonnabot, and Phuwiang
 * Boriwen That Phanom: Nakhon Phanom, Chaiburi, Tha Uthen and Mukdahan
 * Boriwen Sakon: Sakon Nakhon
 * Boriwen Nam Huang: Loei, Kaen Thao, Bo Tha
 * Monthon Isan
 * Boriwen Ubon: Ubon Ratchathani, Khemmarat, Yasothon
 * Boriwen Champassak (Bassac): Champassak (Bassac)
 * Boriwen Khukhan: Khukhan, Sisaket, and Det-udom
 * Boriwen Surin: Surin, and Sangkha
 * Boriwen Roi-et: Roi Et, Mahasarakham, Kalasin, Kammalasai, Suwannaphum

title: Boriwen


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Hinauri

In Māori mythology, Hinauri is the sister of Māui and the wife of Irawaru. Māui becomes annoyed with Irawaru and stretches out his limbs, turning him into a dog. When Hinauri asks Māui if he has seen her husband, Māui tells her to call “Moi! Moi!” whereupon the poor dog runs up, and Hinauri, learning the truth, throws herself into the sea.

After drifting, Hinauri comes ashore at Wairarawa, where she is found by the brothers Ihuatamai and Ihuwareware. They restore her to health and take her as a wife, and Hinauri conceives a child by Ihuatamai. Ihuwareware tells the superior chief Tinirau of what has happened, and Tinirau takes Hinauri as a wife to live with him on Motutapu. There Hinauri is treated poorly by Tinirau's other wives, who attempt to kill her, so she chants incantations which kill them. Her brother Māuimua, also known as Rupe, comes searching for her and finds her on the day she gives birth, whereupon he flies her and her baby up to heaven to live with Rehua.

title: Hinauri


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Barnesville, North Carolina

Barnesville is an unincorporated community in Robeson County, North Carolina, United States. The community is 7.2 mi south-southeast of Fairmont. Barnesville had a post office from May 15, 1879, to September 11, 2010; it still has its own ZIP code, 28319.

The community was founded in 1888 and named after Richard Rhodes Barnes who provided land for a railway through the community.

title: Barnesville, North Carolina