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Wikiversity:Deletions

This deletion guideline explains when and why custodians may delete and restore resources or specific revisions of a resource. The deletion log allows anyone to track deletions and restorations at Wikiversity. Deletion removes access while keeping resources and their development histories intact. Access can be restored through undeletion. Deletions and undeletions are discussed at Requests for Deletion.

Speedy
Resources may be subject to speedy deletion when a good reason is given by adding. You may request community feedback, or object with or without explanation by removing the speedy deletion suggestion from the resource. Resources may not be subject to speedy deletion when a reasonable objection is made or is likely because participants may be able to learn how to implement concrete improvements when taught appropriate practices.

Criteria

A non-exhaustive list of possible reasons custodians may speedy delete resources include:

 * 1) No educational objectives or discussion in history. Welcome users and resources when likely to be expanded shortly.
 * 2) Solicitation for products, services, companies, events, people or other things with no educational merit or which generate direct financial benefit to the contributor.
 * 3) Copyright work which do not satisfy Wikimedia's Terms of Use.
 * 4) Resource moved to another project due to scope, or file uploaded to Wikimedia Commons with history intact and links fixed.
 * 5) Author request by an only contributor or only substantial contributor, or arising from an expressed consensus of contributors.
 * 6) Vandalism and user pages for vandalism-only accounts.
 * 7) Sandbox that tests the wiki software outside user space and Sandbox.
 * 8) Discussion about deleted resources where context is lost and becoming an independent resource is unlikely.
 * 9) Repost with no concrete improvements to merit keeping.
 * 10) Archaic redirect with no educational histories, no links, and either no appropriate targets or not likely to be searched for.
 * 11) Empty category with no notice suggesting the category may be occasionally empty.
 * 12) Unused file lacking either a license or a source may be deleted one week after uploader is notified.
 * 13) Reasonable maintenance task such as repairing cut-and-paste moves, and moving resources over a redirect.
 * 14) Serious ethical breach, where a resource standing undeleted may cause harm.

Proposed deletion (prod)
Resources may be eligible for proposed deletion when education objectives and learning outcomes are scarce, and objections to deletion are unlikely. You may add to the top of resources to propose deletion. A custodian may examine the resource after 90 days, and either delete the resource or remove the proposal. Anyone may object by removing the proposed deletion template from the resource, with or without an explanation on the resource's discussion page. Anyone still considering that the resource should be deleted may discuss deletion.

How to discuss
You should ask questions and discuss concerns with participants, make an effort to resolve problems yourself, and try alternatives as appropriate before suggesting deletion for resources with substantial development histories and contributions from multiple participants. You may ask for guidance and advice, explain what you have done or will do, and discuss options at Requests for deletion. Resources are generally kept when a community decision is inconclusive. Add rfd to the top of resources to draw attention to the discussion. As a courtesy, you may also notify any participants directly.

Be concise and specific when suggesting solutions, because the preferred outcome is one participants can learn from to implement concrete improvements. On occasion, deletion might be permissible when productivity from a fresh start is likely and concerns relate to Wikiversity's mission, scope, process, or policy in some way. If you can raise concerns not addressed by a previous discussion, you may begin a new discussion at Requests for Deletion. Reasonable requests for resources to be restored during discussion are honored, where possible. Please only participate if you are willing to keep an open mind and make an effort to improve resources.

Alternatives to deletion
Participants can often implement concrete improvements and develop resources further when taught appropriate practices. Possible alternatives to deletion include:

Anyone may boldly implement concrete improvements that reasonably encourages collaborative education, or discuss alternative solutions on a resource's discussion page.

Deletion templates
This section is still subject to approval by the community. Visit Wikiversity talk:Deletions to discuss. An effort is underway to provide visitors to Wikiversity with a more satisfying experience by removing resources from mainspace that cannot be directly used by teachers and instructors. Those who wish to volunteer may consider using the following templates:
 * for speedy deletion
 * for a proposed deletion
 * for a deletion request
 * informs the editors that their page or resource is likely to be moved to either draftspace or userspace. Wikiversity is a complex interaction between instructor teaching materials, student efforts, and even research.  There is a (growing?) consensus that mainspace focus on teaching resources.
 * for proposed moving to the Draft: namespace
 * for proposal for  moving under Draft:Archive/  (proposal is under construction)

Speedy deletion

 * Use  or

Use Speedy deletion for uncontroversial deletions. Placing   at the top of a page creates this banner:

The most common use of Speedy deletion is for pages written by a single author and which include copyright violations, pseudoscientific claims, inappropriate language, advertisements, or slander or other efforts to harass living persons.

Anything that potentially causes harm should be immediately deleted, and Speedy deletion is the fastest way to nominate a page for removal. But a speedy deletion is also the most time-consuming to revert (if the resource actually gets deleted). A good rule of thumb is never to speedy delete a resource that might be salvable or has had active edits in the past three years. Also, hesitate before you speedy delete a project or a large number of subpages, as reverting such deletions can be extremely time-consuming.

Proposed deletion

 * Uses

Proposed deletion (or "prod") is for pages that may or may not belong in mainspace. It creates allows editors to debate the deletion on the talk page and ponder other options such as moving to the user or draft namespace. Prod draws attention and can result in an effort to improve the resource. Prod places the discussion about whether to delete on the talk page. Prod's greatest disadvantage is it causes projects to remain in mainspace until the question is resolved. A simple remedy for this is to move the project into user or draft space until an outcome has been decided. Custodians can move a resource with up to 100 subpages. To understand how proud works, suppose that on January 1, 2000 you placed  at the top of a page to create this banner:

Link to any subpages this page might have

Note that the deadline for improving the page is 90 days after the template was inserted. This gives editors time to improve the page or defend its virtues.

IMPORTANT: The proper venue for all discussions is the talk page of the article under consideration.

Deletion request

 * Uses

Use Deletion request if you think a developed page should be deleted or if the topic is complicated in some way. Begin by placing   at the top of the page to create:

Link to any subpages this page might have

Click the words share your thoughts in the box. This will lead to a page called Requests for Deletion. Follow the instructions for starting a discussion. Explain why you think the page should be deleted. Be prepared to engage in discussion about the page's value. At some point the discussion will be closed. Sometimes the decision may be to place the article in draft space or on a subpage of their user page.
 * See also WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A DEMOCRACY

Pagemove announcement
The advantage of moving material into the users or draft namespace is that less time is spent discussing and more time cleaning up. Wikiversity has a limited staff of volunteers, and the quicker decisions are made, the more that can be done. There is a lot of work to do and the work is important. Too many obscure pages in mainspace degrades gives others a bad impression of Wikiversity. On the other hand, people should be encouraged write on Wikiversity about all sorts of topics. The goal is to separate materials recommend for teachers and learners from the discovery, research, and introspection done by Wikiversity users.
 * Uses

A procedure and guidelines for moving mainspace resources into user and draft space is under construction.

  is used to communicate with all the page's main authors' talk pages and looks like this:

To Somebody's username:

The project  Some page  has been moved to  User:Somebody's username/Some page

A tentative decision has been made to remove this project from mainspace. If this move is not under discussion at Requests for Deletion, you may make a request regarding this project at Request custodian action.

Yours truly, --Guy vandegrift (discuss • contribs) 06:07, 20 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity:Deletions


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Sensing

Sensors want, trust, and remember facts, and usually describe themselves as "practical". For a Sensor, intuition is untrustworthy, and might seem like mental static. Sensation, as a perceiving mode of consciousness, focuses on heightening reality. Guardians share the combination SJ, while Artisans share the combination SP.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Sensing


text:
Talk:Theodore Davie

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Theodore Davie. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20030110163746/http://www.knowbc.com/iebc/book/D/davie.ASP to http://www.knowbc.com/IEBC/Book/D/davie.ASP

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:41, 14 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Theodore Davie


text:
Waves/Group Velocity

Group Velocity
We now ask the following question: How fast do wave packets move? Surprisingly, we often find that wave packets move at a speed very different from the phase speed, $$c = \omega /k$$, of the wave composing the wave packet.

We shall find that the speed of motion of wave packets, referred to as the group velocity, is given by
 * $$u = \ 0.1 \mbox{m}^{-1}$$. The phase speed of deep ocean waves is $$c = (g/k)^{1/2}$$. However, since $$c \equiv \omega /k$$, we find the frequency of deep ocean waves to be $$\omega = (gk)^{1/2}$$. The group velocity is therefore $$u \equiv d \omega / dk = (g/k)^{1/2} / 2 = c/2$$. For the specified central wavenumber, we find that $$u \approx (9.8 \mbox{ m} \mbox{ s}^{-2} / 0.1 \mbox{ m}^{-1} )^{1/2} / 2 \approx 5 \mbox{ m} \mbox{ s}^{-1}$$. By contrast, the phase speed of deep ocean waves with this wavelength is $$c \approx 10 \mbox{ m} \mbox{ s}^{-1}$$.

Dispersive waves are waves in which the phase speed varies with wavenumber. It is easy to show that dispersive waves have unequal phase and group velocities, while these velocities are equal for non-dispersive waves.

Derivation of Group Velocity Formula
We now derive equation (1.36). It is easiest to do this for the simplest wave packets, namely those constructed out of the superposition of just two sine waves. We will proceed by adding two waves with full space and time dependence:
 * $$ A = \sin ( k_1 x - \omega_1 t ) + \sin ( k_2 x - \omega_2 t ) $$ (2.37)

After algebraic and trigonometric manipulations familiar from earlier sections, we find
 * $$ A = 2 \sin ( k_0 x - \omega_0 t ) \cos ( \Delta k x - \Delta \omega t ), $$ (2.38)

where as before we have $$k_0 = (k_1 + k_2 )/2$$, $$\omega_0 = ( \omega_1 + \omega_2 )/2$$, $$\Delta k = (k_2 - k_1 )/2$$, and $$\Delta \omega = ( \omega_2 - \omega_1 )/2$$. Again think of this as a sine wave of frequency $$\omega_0$$ and wavenumber $$k_0$$ modulated by a cosine function. In this case the modulation pattern moves with a speed so as to keep the argument of the cosine function constant:
 * $$ \Delta k x - \Delta \omega t = const. $$ (2.39)

Differentiating this with respect to $$t$$ while holding $$\Delta k$$ and $$\Delta \omega$$ constant yields
 * $$ u \equiv \frac{dx}{dt} = \frac{\Delta \omega}{\Delta k} . $$ (2.40)

In the limit in which the deltas become very small, this reduces to the derivative
 * $$ u = \frac{d \omega}{d k}, $$ (2.41)

which is the desired result.

title: Waves/Group Velocity


text:
beaverboard

Etymology
, probably from Beaver Manufacturing Company, probably from. Originally a trademark.

Noun

 * 1) A form of fiberboard made of wood pulp compressed into sheets.
 * 2) * 1957, J. D. Salinger, "Zooey", in, 1961, Franny and Zooey, 1991 LB Books edition, page 176,
 * Instead, he turned around and deliberately faced a sheet of what had once been snow-white beaverboard that was nailed uncompromisingly to the back of the door.

Translations

 * Irish: béabharchlár

title: beaverboard


text:
Abdalonymus

Abdalonymus (Ἀβδαλώνιμος; ) was a Phoenician botanist and gardener of royal descent, who became King of Sidon under Alexander the Great in 332 BC.

Life
After Alexander the Great had subdued Sidon, he gave permission to Hephaestion to bestow its crown on whom he pleased. Hephaestion offered it to two brothers with whom he lodged, but they declined it, alleging that according to their laws it could only be worn by one of royal blood. Instead, they named Abdalonymus, who, notwithstanding his birth, had fallen into such poverty that he supported himself by the cultivation of a kitchen garden. Hephaestion directed the brothers to carry the royal crown and robes to Abdalonymus. They obeyed and found him weeding in his garden. After causing him to wash, they invested him with the ensigns of royalty and conducted him to Alexander. This prince, who discerned in him an aspect not unworthy of his origin, turning to those around him, said "I wish to know how he bore his poverty."—"Would to heaven," replied Abdalonymus, "I may as well bear my prosperity! These hands have ministered to all my necessities, and as I possessed nothing, I wanted nothing." Alexander was so well pleased with this reply, that he confirmed the nomination of Hephaestion, and gave the new king the palace and private estate of Strato his predecessor, and even augmented his dominions from the neighboring country.

The so-called "Alexander Sarcophagus", discovered near Sidon and now in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum, is now generally thought to be that of Abdalonymus, depicting him hunting alongside the eponymous general, though some scholars now believe the sarcophagus was that of Mazaeus, a Persian noble and governor of Babylon.

While Quintus Curtius confirms this story, as does Justin, Diodorus calls this person Ballonimus, and says he was made king of Tyre, not Sidon. Plutarch removes the scene to Paphos, and names him Alonymus. Curtius likely adorned the story with fictitious circumstances.

title: Abdalonymus


text:
Talk:Organic Chemistry/Book outline

Can I ask something of the individuals working on wikibooks, that there should be a printable form that would in fact create a real honest to goodness paper textbook? This would be a wonderful thing for all us po' boys who can;t afford to buy a library but would love to have one.
 * Yes, the plan is to print up the books when they are ready. (This one is far from complete, agreed ?) I'm a po' boy myself and can't wait to see what this project does to reign in textbook prices. --Karl Wick

I'm excited to see how this book takes shape. One of my great hopes, though, is that the book breaks out of the traditional mold. I have a recommendation -- tie spectroscopy in to structure & bonding and introduce it early. Most lab courses these days have students using IR within the first semester, often long before the topic is covered in the lecture part of the course. I've had good luck teaching IR "out of order," and I'd like to expand that to UV, MS, and especially NMR in the next few years. Especially with spectroscopy having gained greater importance than we might have predicted 20-30 years ago, this idea (and this text as a whole) might be a great showcase for an important philosophical change in how we teach organic chemistry.

title: Talk:Organic Chemistry/Book outline


text:
Aymett Town, Tennessee

Aymett Town is an unincorporated community in Giles County, Tennessee, in the United States.

History
A post office called Aymett was established in 1894, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1902. The community was named for Allen Aymett, an early settler.

title: Aymett Town, Tennessee


text:
Types and variables

Course Navigation

Variables
A variable in any programming language is a named piece of computer memory, containing some information inside. Think of a variable as a box with a name, where we can "store" something. We create, edit and delete variables, as much as we need in our tasks. Variables usually are of a certain type (which define their logical representation and size). Say, we created a variable with name A and of type integer. This tells the compiler that we reserved a part of our memory for storing an integer number (usually 4 bytes long, depending on our language, compiler and machine type). We could also create another one, called B, but this one of type real. This variable will be also 4 bytes long, but we use this byte for storing floating point value, with certain precision and exponent. Variables can be static and dynamic.

Declaring Variables
Here is a list of some fundamental data types, and their characteristics, from C++:

Integer types
Integers are ordinary whole numbers, or numbers with no fractional/decimal parts. Integers can be added, subtracted, divided, and multiplied. Care must be taken when integers are divided in certain programming languages, as the division of two integers may not be a whole number, and may not be properly displayed. E.g., In C, 'int 5' divided by 'int 2' would output 'int 2', losing the 0.5.

Integers can be signed or unsigned. The sign itself takes up one bit, but that bit reduces the range of numerical values the variable can represent. Signed integers can represent about half of the positive numbers an unsigned integer can, but can represent both positive and negative values of those numbers.

48 3<PHONE_NUMBER>3098340

Reals
Reals, or floating point numbers, represent numbers that can have fractional or decimal parts. Floating point numbers are represented a bit differently than Integers, and can represent a much larger range of numbers.

Some care must be exercised with floating point numbers, because while there are an infinite number of floating point numbers, there are (by definition) only a finite number of numbers that can be expressed in a computer. Another issue is the absolute size of the numbers being handled. These issues are known as accuracy and precision. For balancing a checkbook they will not be significant, but in other cases they can lead to big issues.

1.0 45.5 4.32e10

Characters and strings
Up until now, we've discussed types that are of a single value, and which only represent numerical values. Text, which is what you are reading now, isn't a single value -- it's made up of numerous letters and punctuation, each of which is an individual value. A Character is a single letter, number, punctuation or other value.

A String is a collection of these character values, often manipulated as if it were a single value.

characters p 4 %

strings Hello blah blah That is a nice new pair of shoes you are wearing

Visibility and Lifetime of Variables
Variables can have different visibility, or scope, according to how they are declared and used. Scope refers to the ability to access the contents of a particular variable at a certain point in the program.

Usually, a variable's scope is determined by its enclosing block. A block can be enclosed explicitly in some languages (begin/end, {/} pairs), while in others the block is implicit.

Almost all languages have an overall bounding scope, and if a program declares a variable in this scope, it is known as a global variable.

A local variable, by contrast, is one that is only visible, or "in scope", within its block.

Consider this code: integer globalVariable globalVariable = 5

begin integer localVariable localVariable = 7 globalVariable = 8 end

localVariable = 3 /* <-- this is a syntax error */ the global variable is declared outside of any block, so is in the (implicit) global scope, making it a global variable. the local variable is declared in the begin/end block, limiting its scope to that block.

Variable globalVariable starts as 5, is assigned 8 in the block and exits as 8. Variable localVariable is assigned 7, then goes out of scope before being illegally assigned 3. There is no variable localVariable at this level.

The lifetime of a variable tells you when the variable is active. In the preceding example, a global variable is created at the start of the program and has a lifetime equal to the length of the program. For localVariable, it isn't created until just after the block begins directive. Its life is over when the program passes the end directive.

Dynamic memory allocation
Many programs have very specific purposes and need very specific and small areas of memory. If we were writing a program for reading image files, we aren't sure exactly how big the images could be. Some could be hundreds of megabytes, while some might be kilobytes or less. Allocating hundreds of megabytes that aren't needed would make the program difficult to run on some computers while allocating too little memory would mean that there are some images we can't handle.

A good approach to this problem is allocating memory as needed. This is called Dynamic memory allocation. We simply ask for as much as we need while the program is running (rather than stating predetermined block of memory at compile time), no more and no less. In our example, this would let us edit both huge and tiny image files in an efficient and effective way. There is some added complexity since it is no longer the language that is dealing with the details of allocation, but us directly. In our example, if we are running on a lower end computer, there may not be enough memory to accommodate large image files, so we have to detect (and possibly gracefully fail) in such situations.

Dynamic memory allocation is a principal source of "memory leaks", where programs allocate and use specific blocks of memory, but fail to mark it as being available once the program has finished using it. These problems can be hard to track down since unlike other bugs, leaks aren't readily apparent.

Some modern languages have built-in mechanisms to try and prevent memory leaks, known as garbage collection. This system keeps track of what allocation is used where, when it is out of scope. Garbage collection has a slight performance penalty, but it's now commonly regarded as progress. Java and Python, for example, have a garbage collector.

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title: Types and variables


text:
User:HelenaHysong/sandbox

Annotated Bibliography:

Maisuria, V. and Nerurkar, A. (2015) Interference of Quorum Sensing by Delftia sp. VM4 Depends on the Activity of a Novel N-Acylhomoserine Lactone-Acylase. PLOS ONE, 10(9), p.e0138034.

This study aimed to identify the chemical produced by Delftia tsuruhatensis VM4 responsible for the degradation of the quorum-sensing molecules N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) in Pectobacterium carotovorum. An AHL bioassay was performed with the biosensor strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and bioluminescence was used to detect luxRI and lasRI expression via AHL presence. Anionic-exchange column chromatography was used to purify the protein isolates responsible for AHL degradation and multiple amino acid sequence alignment was used to determine the identity of the protein. The VM4 AHL degrading enzyme (82 kDa) was shown to degrade AHL via quorum-sensing attenuation as well as prevent the virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum BRI without affecting the growth of the bacteria. This paper called for future work to analyze the application of the discovered AHL acylase against other pathogens. This work contributes to the discussion of Delftia tsuruhatensis’s ability to inhibit quorum-sensing and attenuate virulence while providing a potential therapeutic target, the AHL degrading enzyme (82 kDa).

Malešević, M., Di Lorenzo, F., Filipić, B., Stanisavljević, N., Novović, K., Senerovic, L., Polović, N., Molinaro, A., Kojić, M. and Jovčić, B. (2019) Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing inhibition by clinical isolate Delftia tsuruhatensis 11304: involvement of N-octadecanoylhomoserine lactones. Scientific Reports, 9(1).

To address growing concerns surrounding Pseudomonas aeruginosa’s high patient mortality rate, this study analyzed the mechanisms underlying Delfia tsuruhatensis 11304’s inhibitory abilities against problematic clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. The 11304 strain was cultured with Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 to measure the strain’s ability to inhibit violacein, a known quorum-sensing molecule. Additionally, a microdilution method was used to inoculate the P. aeruginosa MMA83 with the 11304 strain in which: biofilm production was quantified by measuring absorbance, the production of virulence factors was measured with corresponding assays, and the quorum-sensing genes expressions were quantified using reverse transcription PCR. The 11304 ethyl acetate extract was shown to debilitate the MMA83’s quorum-sensing, to restrict its ability to form a biofilm, and to suppress its ability to produce virulence factors such as elastase, rhamnolipid and pyocyanin by transcriptional inhibition of the las, rhl and pqs genes, without affecting bacterial cell growth or disrupting existing biofilm. While this study isolated a novel long-chain dihydroxy-N-octadecanoylhomoserine lactone that was speculated to be responsible for the observed quorum-sensing inhibition, the researcher acknowledge that further studies need to be dedicated to the identification of the compounds from the 11304 strain responsible for quorum-sensing inhibition. This report provides details regarding D. tsuruhatensis’s dihydroxy-N-octadecanoylhomoserine lactone’s potential for inhibiting biofilm production and quorum-sensing while decreasing the virulence of clinically dangerous drug resistant bacteria.

Pesci, E., Milbank, J., Pearson, J., McKnight, S., Kende, A., Greenberg, E. and Iglewski, B. (1999) Quinolone signaling in the cell-to-cell communication system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96(20), pp.11229-11234.

Since Pseudomonas aeruginosa can use quorum-sensing to control virulence factors, this study aimed to identify a novel regulatory signal used by the bacterium in cell-to-cell signaling. Thin Layer Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography were performed to fractionate the P. aeruginosa ethyl acetate extract and 1H and 13C NMR, infrared spectroscopy, melting point analysis, and mass spectroscopy were used to identify chemical that exhibited quorum-sensing activity in the bioassay. This study discovered a cell-to-cell signaling molecule in P. aeruginosa that’s expression is regulated by the las quorum sensing system and requires RhlR in order to control the production of LasB elastase, a major virulence factor. Furthermore, the study called for additional research into the mechanism by which this new quorum-sensing molecule regulates lasB in order to better understand the relationship of signaling molecules and virulence. This report enforces the importance of cell-to-cell signaling molecules in bacterium’s virulence, or the severity of their harmfulness.

Priya, K., Yin, W. and Chan, K. (2013) Anti-Quorum Sensing Activity of the Traditional Chinese Herb, Phyllanthus amarus. Sensors, 13(11), pp.14558-14569.

This study sought to establish the existence of anti-quorum sensing properties in a traditional chinese medicinal herb, Phyllanthus amarus. To identify the presence of anti-quorum sensing activity, a methanol extract of the P. amarus was prepared and cultured overnight with the purple pigmented indicator bacteria Chromobacterium violaceum. Bioluminescence was used to quantify the inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and virulence factor assays and swarming plates were prepared as well. The P. amarus methanol extract exhibited anti-quorum sensing activity against C. violaceum and PAO1 without inhibiting bacterial growth. P. amarus also significantly reduced expression of a gene that plays a role in biofilm production, lecA; swarming of PAO1, which is controlled by quorum-sensing ability; and inhibition of the production of the toxin Pyocyanin via the lasR-lasI, rhlR-rhlI, and mvfR-haq quorum system complex. This study called for future work analyzing the anti-quorum sensing activity of P. amarus on the RhlR/C4-HSL quorum sensing system and called for the characterization of the active molecule responsible for anti-quorum sensing in P. amarus. This study demonstrates a real world application of an anti-quorum sensing bacteria prior to the discovery of the mechanistic principles governing the herbs effectiveness; many medical advances have similar origins as the detection and understanding of the biochemistry behind already proven useful substances can drive the development of more efficient therapeutics.

Singh, V.K., Mishra, A. and Jha, B. (2017) Anti-quorum Sensing and Anti-biofilm Activity of Delftia tsuruhatensis Extract by Attenuating the Quorum Sensing-Controlled Virulence Factor Production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 7.

As an avenue to research new methods for fighting multi-drug resistant bacteria, this study explored the anti-quorum and anti-biofilm potential of the Delftia tsuruhatensis SJ01 strain, investigated key regulatory genes in quorum sensing, and hypothesized a possible inhibition mechanism. After isolating a bacteria for its anti-quorum sensing properties, identifying the Delftia tsuruhatensis SJ01 strain using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), and preparing a bacterial extract in methanol, the extract’s inhibition of a quorum sensing activity indicator, violacein, when introduced to Chromobacterium violaceum was quantified; the extract was introduced in various quantities to cultures of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and P. aeruginosa PAH to measure the effect on biofilm formation; fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to visualize the effect of the extract on individual cells; a bacterial motility assay was performed to determine the effect of the extract on the swimming ability of the P. aeruginosa strains; and the amount of pyocyanin and rhamnolipid and elastase and protease activities were measured to determine the effect of the extract on the virulence factors of the P. aeruginosa strains. Furthermore, fractionation, mass spectrometry, and electrospray ionization were used to identify the active compound in anti-quorum sensing and anti-biofilm activity, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, while RNA isolates were compared between test groups to identify the genes involved (LasI, LasR, RhlI, and RhlR) in quorum sensing using a microarray. With no harm to the individual bacterial cells, the Delftia strain was shown to reduce the production of virulence factors in the PAO1 and PAH strains, inhibit the quorum sensing indicator violacein by 98% with 0.1 mg/ml extract, and reduce motility in the PAO1 and PAH strains, likely contributing to the observed significant decrease of biofilm production in these strains. This article shows the potential of this specific bacterium and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid to serve as a model for designing therapeutics to attack the quorum sensing and biofilm ability of multi-drug resistant bacteria. The article even called for future research dedicated to investigating the potential applications of the new insights it provided.

Stickler, D.J., Morris, N.S., McLean, R.J.C. and Fuqua, C. (1998) Biofilms on Indwelling Urethral Catheters Produce Quorum-Sensing Signal Molecules In Situ and In Vitro. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64(9), pp.3486–3490.

This study’s purpose is to determine if bacterial biofilms produce Acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs), a quorum-sensing signal, in a clinical setting. In order to test for the presence of AHLs in clinical bacterial strains, the researchers isolated the bacteria from catheters and placed them on a plate with an AHL reporter stain, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The strains were also introduced to synthetic catheters wherein biofilm formation was observed using electron microscopy. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm existed on both clinical and synthetic catheters and was shown to produce AHLs in both cases. This study called for a need for future research to establish the precise role of AHLs in biofilms. This report provides background for the relationship between biofilm and the quorum sensing chemicals referenced in other reports and contributes relevance to the topic by showing the existence of these biofilms in a clinical setting.

Summarization:

Bacterial resistance is outpacing the development of new antibiotics, engendering the design of novel therapeutic approaches to fighting these multi-drug resistant bacteria. The ability of bacteria to form biofilms contributes to their antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, these biofilms are able to participate in a cell-to-cell signaling mechanism, quorum sensing (QS), that can increase the pathogen’s virulence. Certain bacterial species have demonstrated an ability to inhibit quorum sensing during bacterial competition. Since QS plays a role in biofilm formation, this ability to inhibit QS can serve as a model for designing new therapeutics to fight multidrug resistant bacteria.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly infectious bacterial pathogen that grows in biofilms and possesses high antibiotic resistance in clinical settings; therefore, it has commonly been used as a model for understanding the role of QS and biofilm production in antibiotic resistance and virulence. D. tsuruhatensis has been shown to be able to significantly inhibit QS, suppress biofilm formation, and attenuate virulence in P. carotovorum and Chromobacterium violaceum without damaging individual bacterial cells. While many studies have conferred the ability of D. tsuruhatensis to attenuate virulence through QS and biofilm inhibition, an agreement has yet to be reached as to the exact mechanism the bacteria uses to achieve this effect.

 Article

Abstract:

Delftia tsuruhatensis’s anti-quorum sensing capabilities against the highly drug resistant bacteria P. aeruginosa holds possible implications for designing novel therapeutic drugs. Quorum sensing mechanisms are responsible for biofilm production, virulence, and antibiotic resistance; therefore, quorum sensing inhibition is potentially a critical pathway for attenuating the harmfulness of drug resistant bacteria. While D. tsuruhatensis’s inhibition is well established by current literature, little agreement exists regarding the precise mechanism employed by the bacteria to achieve these effects. Consequently, future research should be aimed at defining these mechanisms in order to provide comprehensive therapeutic models.

Key words: biofilm, quorum sensing, virulence, antibiotic resistance, inhibition, attenuation

Introduction:

Bacterial resistance is outpacing the development of new antibiotics, engendering the design of novel therapeutic approaches to fighting these multi-drug resistant bacteria. The ability of bacteria to form biofilms contributes to their antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, these biofilms are able to participate in a cell-to-cell signaling mechanism, quorum sensing (QS), that can increase the pathogen’s virulence. Certain bacterial species have demonstrated an ability to inhibit quorum sensing during bacterial competition. Since QS plays a role in biofilm formation, this ability to inhibit QS can serve as a model for designing new therapeutics to fight multi-drug resistant bacteria.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly infectious bacterial pathogen that grows in biofilms and possesses high antibiotic resistance in clinical settings; therefore, it has commonly been used as a model for understanding the role of QS and biofilm production in antibiotic resistance and virulence. D. tsuruhatensis has been shown to be able to significantly inhibit QS, suppress biofilm formation, and attenuate virulence in P. carotovorum and Chromobacterium violaceum without damaging individual bacterial cells. While many studies have conferred the ability of D. tsuruhatensis to attenuate virulence through QS and biofilm inhibition, an agreement has yet to be reached as to the exact mechanism the bacteria uses to achieve this effect. This review looks at nine original research articles in order to detail the current comprehensive knowledge of D. tsuruhatensis’s ability to inhibit QS and biofilm production to ultimately attenuate virulence in bacterial pathogens. While these properties lend to D. tsuruhatensis’s potential to serve as a model for designing new drugs, this review illuminates the need for future studies in order to confirm this prospect and discover the exact mechanisms behind this ability.

D. tsuruhatensis Inhibits Quorum Sensing

Bacterial species like Pseudomonas aeruginosa are able to participate in a cell-to-cell signaling mechanism called quorum sensing by sending out small diffusible molecules. Pesci et al. discovered that there are at least three different signaling molecules that P. aeruginosa uses to achieve quorum sensing. D. tsuruhatensis 11304 ethyl acetate extract was also shown to possess quorum sensing inhibition properties against P. aeruginosa and the widely used quorum sensinsing indicator strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. In this case, a novel long-chain dihydroxy-N-octadecanoylhomoserine lactone was isolated and speculated to be the agent responsible for interfering with the N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL)s of the quorum sensing bacteria. In another study, it was demonstrated that the Delftia tsuruhatensis VM4 strain is able to quench Pectobacterium carotovorum’s quorum sensing ability. The enzyme thought to be responsible for degrading N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL), a quorum sensing signaling molecule, was isolated from VM4 using anionic-exchange column chromatography and was identified to be 82 kDa with a multiple amino acid sequence alignment tool. In yet another study, fractionation and mass spectrometry identified 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid to be responsible for D. tsuruhatensis SJ01’s ability to interfere with the cell-to-cell signaling mechanism of CV026 by 98% with just 0.1 mg/ml of extract. Although quorum sensing inhibition by multiple D. tsuruhatensis strains has been demonstrated decisively, due to dissension regarding the causative agent, future studies should be directed at identifying the mechanistic principles governing this ability.

D. tsuruhatensis Suppresses Biofilm Production

It has been established that QS systems play a role in biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. This relationship perhaps explains in part how D. tsuruhatensis 11304 ethyl acetate extract was able to restrict P. aeruginosa MMA83’s ability to form biofilm; however, it is noteworthy that the 11304 strain was unable to disturb existing biofilm. In an alternative, but perhaps related, fashion, D. tsuruhatensis SJ01 was able to decrease biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa PAO1 and P. aeruginosa PAH by decreasing the swarming mobility of the P. aeruginosa strains. It is clear that QS plays a vital role in biofilm production, so it is no surprise that D. tsuruhatensis’s ability to inhibit QS can in turn suppress biofilm production; however, further research needs to be conducted to determine an understanding of the precise mechanisms that guide this relationship.

Biofilm Production is Linked to Increased Antibiotic Resistance

P. aeruginosa in biofilm were shown to have an increased antibiotic resistance. ndvB-dependent β-(1→3)-linked cyclic glucans discovered in P. aeruginosa were linked to biofilm antibiotic resistance. A novel substance, furanone C-30, was shown to significantly reduce biofilm production in P. aeruginosa by targeting genes associated with QS. Moreover, this compound made P. aeruginosa 2-3 times more susceptible to antibiotics following biofilm reduction.

D. tsuruhatensis Attenuates Virulence

It was established that a cell-to-cell signaling molecule in P. aeruginosa controls the production of a major virulence factor, LasB elastase. D. tsuruhatensis anti-quorum sensing properties attenuated virulence of P. carotovorum and P. aeruginosa.

Conclusion:

D. tsuruhatensis has been shown to be able to inhibit QS, suppress biofilm formation, and attenuate virulence in multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, D. tsuruhatensis achieves these effects without damaging individual bacterial cells, an important characteristic in avoiding the selection that leads to antibiotic resistance. Using the natural ability of D. tsuruhatensis to quench QS in highly drug resistant bacterial pathogens holds a great promise to medicine, therefore future research should be directed at unlocking the key mechanisms behind this ability as no current agreement exists.

References:

title: User:HelenaHysong/sandbox


text:
Joseph Rudolph Grimes

Joseph Rudolph Grimes (October 31, 1923 – September 7, 2007) was a Liberian statesman. A trained lawyer, he served as Secretary of State from 1960 to 1972.

Early life
Grimes was born on October 31, 1923, to Louis Arthur Grimes and Victoria Grimes. He was educated at the College of West Africa (now Methodist University of Liberia) before graduating from Liberia College (now University of Liberia) with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Grimes then attended Harvard Law School in the United States where he earned a law degree, followed by a master's degree from Columbia University in New York City in international affairs.

Career
Following his education in America, he returned to Liberia where he founded the Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law at the now University of Liberia. Named after his father, the younger Grimes served as the first dean starting in 1951.

In 1958, he was appointed as the Acting Secretary of State of Liberia. In 1960, he was appointed Secretary of State by President William Tubman. Serving until 1971, he is the longest serving foreign minister in Liberian history. He was preceded by Momolu Dukuly and was succeeded by Rocheforte Lafayette Weeks.

Later years
He was elected in 1975 to membership in the Commission of the Churches on International Affairs of the World Council of Churches (CCIA/WCC) and served as its Vice-Moderator until 1983. He was engaged as its Special advisor on African Affairs and representative to the United Nations in New York in 1993–1994.

Joseph Rudolph Grimes died on September 7, 2007, at his home in Guttenberg, New Jersey, at the age of 83.

title: Joseph Rudolph Grimes


text:
User:RichardRothwell

Hi,

I'm Director of a social enterprise M6-IT CIC (http://www.m6-it.org) that promotes free software and sustainable computing to education, the voluntary sector and charities. I'm also Chair of SourceForge UK (http://www.schoolforge.org.uk). In both roles I'm promoting the use and cause of Free and Open Source Solutions in Education. I also work as a freelance author and consultant.

Please feel free to contact me by e-mail: richard at caliban dot org dot uk

title: User:RichardRothwell


text:
niisi

Etymology 1
From, borrowed from (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) heddle, heald part of a loom

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) heddle, heald

title: niisi


text:
Lava tree mold

A lava tree mold, sometimes erroneously called a lava tree cast, is a hollow lava formation that formed around a tree trunk. They are created when lava flows through an area of trees, coating their exterior. The lava cools just enough to create a solid crust around the trunk, but the tree inside burns away leaving a cavity. Molds of trees may be vertical or horizontal. In many cases, mold formation requires slow moving lava, as well as enough time for the mold to chill.

Methane explosions
A unique phenomenon may occur during the formation of vertical tree molds. As the lava-encased tree burns away, the roots are heated up and generate a "producer" gas, such as methane. If the roots penetrate into a cavity, such as a lava tube or tumulus crack, it may come into contact with oxygen. Because there is a source of heat already present, the charred root or the lava itself, a methane explosion may follow if the oxygen and producer gas mixture is between 5 and 15% (volume-percent fuel).

title: Lava tree mold


text:
User:Timeshifter/Sandbox114

 * HTML th scope Attribute.
 * H63: Using the scope attribute to associate header cells and data cells in data tables | Techniques for WCAG 2.0.

List of U.S. states and territories by incarceration and correctional supervision rate. Row number column has been removed in table excerpts below.

Added scope=row, scope=rowgroup, scope=col, scope=colgroup, plainrowheaders
Return to top.

Same table. Changed background color of headers
Return to top.

Highlighter felt-tip markers usually come in some shade of yellow. That is because this background color behind black text is one of the most legible color combinations. Especially for people with visual problems.

 style=background-color:lightyellow;  followed by  style=background-color:yellow;

Wikitext for above table
Return to top.

Wikitext for above table if class=wikitable did scopes, color, plainrowheaders
Return to top.

It's much simpler to edit by the average editor. Compressed format is more intuitive without all the scopes and color styling.

title: User:Timeshifter/Sandbox114


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Elisa Jordana (3rd nomination)

The result was no consensus.

This seems like the perfect example of why we have not a ballot. There are multiple !votes by the same people making the same points with a couple of "keep" !voters bringing "arguments" such as "imdb is a source" and WP:ILIKEIT/WP:IDONTLIKEIT. Of those who actually argued about the subject's notability based on our policies and guidelines, the opinion is split about whether the sources are sufficient to establish notability or not, hence I'm closing this as no consensus. While Ritchie was the only one arguing for redirect, before renominating that should be considered as an alternative because no matter her individual notability, her name is a likely search term.

Regards  So Why  14:36, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

Elisa Jordana
AfDs for this article:
 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Fails WP:GNG, no news articles, or reliable independent sources where the subject of the article is the main person with whom the article is about -- Eng. M.Bandara -Talk  09:07, 18 September 2017 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sterned (talk • contribs)
 * DELETE. I made several sourced edits and they were all reversed by same overzealous editor. Editor claims any changes are made to disparage. It is impossible to have factual information on this wiki with that type of editing. Jordana was not a key member of Cobra Starship and was fired. Jordana did not have a big role and was only ever mentioned due to her relationship with Stern writer Benjy Bronk. Jordana was never hired to be on Vanderpump Rules but did work as hostess at Sur Restaurant. According to her own social media Jordana no longer works at Sur and has moved to Colorado. Jordana appeared in a Playboy special edition in 2002 which would of made her 14 according to the edited year of birth on this wiki. Enough is enough.
 * Comment Jordana is no longer working at SUR but was 100% filmed for the Vanderpump Rules show and will have a role on it in the next season. That's a fact. If not, then this can be bought up again in the next two months when the new season airs and we see whether or not she's on it. But again, I think she's accomplished enough in her career to meet WP standards. Also, I make all my edits on this account or with my sincere IP Address when I'm not logged in. The User above uses many different IP addresses and accounts to make disparaging edits about Jordana (from her age to poorly sourced material). Their opinion should not hold much merit when it's clear they have an agenda against this individual.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by LeafK1 (talk • contribs)
 * Comment Your attack is uncalled for. I have not made any edits besides the ones as a logged in member. I did not and would not change her year of birth to 1971 knowing the criteria used by Wikipedia. You have reversed my edit on Jordana being fired from Cobra Starship when the source of the article was mtv.com. There is no verifiable citation that satisfies Wikipedia criteria that Jordana is a cast member of Vaderpump Rules.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Sterned (talk • contribs)
 * Keep. Jordana was a key member in the band Cobra Starship (a band that has sold Platinum records) for their first 2 years, had a big role in arguably the biggest radio show of the last 30 years in The Howard Stern Show, has written for publications like XO Jane and Marie Claire, and is slated to have a predominate role in the upcoming season of the Bravo reality TV series Vanderpump Rules. For months a couple of persistent individuals have tried to discredit those Vanderpump sources as unreliable, but in it she's exclusively asked if she's on the show and she responds with a definitive yes. She has since been seen in photographs with the cast working at the restaurant the show is filmed at. The fact that she was in a platinum selling band like Cobra Starship, provided a huge storyline on the Stern Show for close to 5 years, wrote for some big online publications, and is now going to be on a very popular reality show all warrants that she has a Wikipedia page.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by LeafK1 (talk • contribs)
 * Comment Any other converage of the subject besides radar online where she is the main subject of the article? -- Eng. M.Bandara -Talk  09:42, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Actors and filmmakers-related deletion discussions.  M assiveYR   ♠  10:08, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Bands and musicians-related deletion discussions.  M assiveYR   ♠  10:08, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of New Jersey-related deletion discussions.  M assiveYR   ♠  10:08, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Comment Yes, OK Magazine ran a piece on it, as did Reality Buzz TV.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by LeafK1 (talk • contribs)
 * Favor Delete Still say delete, the OK Magazine link redirects to the radar online, it would be highly dubious proposition at best to consider the second link reality buzz tv passing WP:RS -- Eng. M.Bandara -Talk  13:33, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Comment It's an official interview with Elisa stating it's true. The publication shouldn't matter (even though both publications have their own Wikipedia pages), that's as reliable of a source as you can have. It's coming straight from the camel's mouth. And even without Vanderpump Rules, the contributions she's made with Cobra Starship, The Howard Stern Show, being in other reality TV shows, her published articles, and even being in a film... how can you discredit all of that?

— Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
 * Comment The subject of the article is never a reliable source which is why Wikipedia requires secondary sources. Very few criminals would be guilty if we took their word for it. Sterned (talk) 19:15, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * It's original research, we don't know who Elisa is, Wikipedia has a policy of using secondary sources to vet primary sources, so your argument violates WP:NOR policy.-- Eng. M.Bandara -Talk  20:36, 18 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Women-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 01:52, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

— Preceding unsigned comment added by FSOJM791 (talk • contribs)
 * Keep. The majority of sourced articles seem legitimate and her IMDB page seem to back up the career claims.
 * Note- The above unsigned post by FSOJM791 has no edit history other than the 19 September 2017. -- Eng. M.Bandara -Talk  15:23, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Delete - she was the 'keytarist' and backup singer in Cobra Starship (which indicates she was only with the band two years not three - leaving in December 2006, however given the band was formed in 2006 her period of time with the band would have been less than two years), she didn't write any of the band's songs (according to the respective items on the band's releases) and there are no independent verifiable articles provided that indicate that she had any influence on the band (see WP:NOTINHERITED). Then there's the statement "After three years in the band, she broke free to make an attempt at a solo career." - broke free?? It goes onto state that she released, sorry 'launched' two singles however the reference cited links to a YouTube video performing the song "Online Sweetheart", no indication that it was her song or that it was released as a single and no mention of a second song/single, "Fuck You I'm Fine" (see WP:MUSICBIO). Then her radio career appears to be limited to a number of guest appearances on The Howard Stern Show, given the number of guests that have appeared on the Howard Stern Show this is hardly notable in its own right. The reference cited in the article states "that she is also a staff member on the show, and has been a comedy writer on the program for over a year." not "Jordana was also hired as a writer for The Howard Stern Show for four years starting from late 2011 to December 2015" as stated in the article. Then in the section on her being a writer the article states "Jordana has had columns featured in XOJane, Marie Claire, Yahoo, The Washington Post,and The Rumpus." however the references cited all appear to be articles written by regular columnists, where Jordana is interviewed not where she is the primary author (see WP:AUTHOR). In summary there is not enough here to establish notability. Dan arndt (talk) 05:30, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep I see no reason of this page to be in Articles for deletion. what I see is someone try to take down a celebrity wiki page because they don't like them is not an excuse. Just because a celebrity is not working at the moment to your knowledge, is not a reason to get rid of their wiki page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jhof84 (talk • contribs)
 * Comment You may be disillusioned to discover that Wikipedia is not a WP:DEMOCRACY, decisions are not based on counting votes but rather assessing the merits of each argument against the P&G] -- Eng. M.Bandara -Talk  09:08, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Comment: — Jhof84 (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic. Richard3120 (talk) 14:38, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Keep. This is borderline, but I think the articles in MTV (link), Punknews.org (link), OK! (link), Radar Online (link) and Marie Claire (link) establish notability as these are all reliable independent sources where the subject of the article is the main person with whom the article is about. Robman94 (talk) 23:05, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep Notability is established enough by provided articles.--INDIAN REVERTER (talk) 23:08, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Comment: has been blocked from Wikipedia. Richard3120 (talk) 14:34, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Redirect to List of The Howard Stern Show staff per AfD #1. The sources supplied by Robman94 are either WP:BLPSOURCES violating tabloid journalism or self-published (ie: non-independent) works, while a search beyond this brings up similar things like "Howard Stern raves about Elisa Jordana and Benjy Bronk Nude Register To Vote Photo" (makes you wonder how Jeremy Corbyn managed it fully-clothed) . Ritchie333 (talk) (cont)  15:02, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * regardless of political persuasions and affiliations, I think we're all glad that Jeremy Corbyn did manage to do it fully clothed. Richard3120 (talk) 16:41, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Delete passing mention, minor apparences, a small part in a band, none of this adds up to notability.John Pack Lambert (talk) 14:16, 23 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep This article has been greatly improved and modified. The ambiguity in age and time spent in different careers has been greatly modified to what it should be. I understand simply that primary sources are mainly from the person involved and secondary from other reliable sources which is not the person involved. In a sense, both of these sources has been provided in the article to greatly buttress notability. Remember that most Wikipedia pages started thier wiki journey in a pretty bad shape and grew to where they are. This page still has a chance of continous growth and improvement with continous contributions from wikipedia editors.KingMak1 (talk) 22:25, 23 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete A deeper look into claims in the article shows most do not hold up to the sniff test. Jordana did not part ways with Cobra Starship to pursue a solo career she was fired and announced it herself . According to Jordana she was cut from her extra role on Sharknado 4 "But when I got cut from the movie (you can only see the back of my head)" . In her own words on August 15th of 2017 she is not on Vanderpump Rules. Sterned (talk) 16:43, 24 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Note- Sterned has already voted. Elisa had a non-speaking role in Sharknado 4 imdb. How she departed from Cobra Starship is irrelevant. Also, the fact that he uses a tweet from Jordana where she's clearly joking as an actual reference shows how silly his entire argument is. LeafK1 (talk) 18:05, 24 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Comment It has been already pointed out that this is not a majority vote so if I write Delete a hundred times it is not counted as a vote. Calling valid points silly will not change any minds. What will are facts and I presented those. Sterned (talk) 18:39, 24 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Comment Sterned (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic even up till now. And in his own very words - Very few criminals would be guilty if we took their word for it. So a twitter statement is in no way credible. Fired or left, all are still processes of parting ways.KingMak1 (talk) 09:17, 25 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Keep As the article stands, the notability standard is met by the reliable and verifiable sources provided. Alansohn (talk) 03:22, 25 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete per very weak KEEP responses above and WP:NOTINHERITED. Endlessdan (talk) 19:36, 26 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
Filmmaking Basics/Thumbnail Storyboard/Step by Step/c

Excellent Decision!
You have decided to start the movie with this frame:

$$\Rightarrow$$ Fade In $$\Rightarrow$$

The Script
EXTERIOR - The local movie theater - NIGHT

 * Now Show The Poster
 * You decided that the first shot is of the poster which also includes the introductory music for the poster. You can hold this shot while the music plays or you can dolly in while the music plays.  If you just hold the shot, then decide which is your next shot.

Next Frame?

 * Option A
 * You can then dolly in to show the poster.

 * Option B
 * You can cut to the Young Person and the Old Person.

 * Option C
 * You can cut to the Young Person.

 * Option D
 * You can cut to a side view the Young Person and the Old Person.

 * Option E
 * You can cut to a side view the Young Person and the Old Person.

Now Decide!

 * Select either option A or B or C or D or E?

 * If you change your mind, you can go back to the previous page

 * Reference Material
 * All the thumbnail storyboard frames.
 * The unformatted script.
 * The original story.
 * The [[Media:SBTDS Script Ciprian2.pdf|formatted script]].
 * To start over, go back to the beginning.


text:
chitupa

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) An identification certificate required of black citizens of the former Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)

title: chitupa


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Ring-billed gull

Ring-billed gull
Voting period ends on 17 Feb 2015  at 23:05:12 (UTC)
 * Reason:High quality portrait of a bird, showing all of the key identification points (the red ring around the eye, the black ring around the beak). It was so nice being able to get within a meter or so of the bird. Allowed me to take this shot without a $10,000 lens.
 * Articles in which this image appears:Ring-billed gull
 * FP category for this image:Featured pictures/Animals/Birds
 * Creator:Chris Woodrich

 * Support as nominator – — Crisco 1492 (talk) 23:05, 7 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support  I think portaits are fine. Hafspajen (talk) 03:20, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support  Nice close up shot. talk→   WPPilot   04:57, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support  -  Bellus Delphina     talk   08:01, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support --Godot13 (talk) 08:32, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support.-- Jobas (talk) 12:32, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Support.-- Prodigious ____/Alborzagros (talk) 12:42, 10 February 2015 (UTC)/____
 * Support - Great shot. CorinneSD (talk) 00:37, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

--Armbrust The Homunculus 23:06, 17 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Antonio Ando

Antonio Ando (born 27 August 1914, date of death unknown) was an Argentine sports shooter. He competed in the 50 m rifle event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

title: Antonio Ando


text:
John F. Murray (politician)

John F. Murray (1862 – December 31, 1928) was a Commissioner of Public Works and the second borough president of The Bronx district of New York City, United States. In 1909 he was appointed acting borough president upon the removal of Louis F. Haffen by New York Governor Charles Evans Hughes. He was then elected interim borough president for the remainder of Haffen's term by a unanimous vote of the eight aldermen representing The Bronx on the New York City Board of Aldermen. At the time Murray was serving as the Commissioner of Public Works. Murray did not run for election for the 1910 term, and he was succeeded by Cyrus C. Miller. Murray suffered from Bright's disease and anemia for about a year before dying on December 31, 1928 in a Metropolitan Life Insurance Company sanitarium in Mount McGregor, New York.

title: John F. Murray (politician)


text:
Talk:Choir of St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle

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text:
User:Camilleartigaud/sandbox

Test this is a core curriculum course CORE 2096 at The American University in Cairo.

It is a Liberal Arts institution.

title: User:Camilleartigaud/sandbox


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/Local/trekclub.org

Links

 * trekclub.org resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Selected additions

 * Displayed 6 additions out of 6 total.	 For more info see WikiProject_Spam/LinkReports/trekclub.org

Entry
Log entry for the MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist:

\btrekclub\.org\b           # ADMINNAME # see  [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spam/Local/trekclub.org ]]

Discussion
See COIBot report for more details.

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 14:12, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 14:20, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 09:41, 21 October 2017 (UTC)

New data reported. --COIBot (talk) 02:07, 23 November 2017 (UTC)


text:
School:Chemistry

Welcome to the School of Chemistry! FACULTY OF SCIENCES F ACULTY OF P HYSICAL S CIENCES  · F ACULTY OF L IFE S CIENCES  · F ACULTY OF E NGINEERING AND  T ECHNOLOGY  ·  F ACULTY OF M ATHEMATICS Biology · Chemistry · Computer Science ·Economics · Mathematics· Physics and Astronomy

Key Concepts

 * Fundamentals of Chemistry
 * Introduction to the Periodic Table, stoichiometry, chemical states, chemical equilibria, acid & base, oxidation & reduction reactions, chemical kinetics, inorganic nomenclature and chemical bonding.
 * Properties of Matter
 * Stoichiometry, Ideal gas law, electronic structure, chemical reactivity, inorganic and organic compounds.
 * Chemical Reactions
 * Liquids, solutions, principles of chemical equilibria, solubility, electrochemical processes, kinetics.

 * Concepts in Chemistry
 * Matter and Measurements
 * Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
 * Formulas, Equations, and Reactions
 * Mass Relations in Chemistry and Stoichiometry

 * Chemical Behavior
 * Electronic Structure
 * Ionic Bonding
 * Covalent Bonding
 * Thermochemistry
 * Quantum Theory of the Atom

 * States of Matter
 * Gases and Gas Laws
 * Solids
 * Liquids
 * Gases
 * Plasmas

 * Reactions and Equilibrium
 * Chemical kinetics
 * Chemical Equilibrium
 * Acids and Bases
 * Acid-Base Equilibrium
 * Solubility and Complex-Ion Equilibrium
 * Thermodynamics and Equilibrium

 * Other Essential Concepts in Chemistry
 * Fundamental Electrochemistry
 * Fundamental Nuclear Chemistry
 * Fundamental Organic Chemistry

Key Topics
General
 * Formulae, Equations, and Reactions

Inorganic Chemistry
 * Bonding and Chemical Structure
 * Symmetry Elements
 * Acid-Base Chemistry
 * Reduction and Oxidation Reactions
 * Organometallic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry
 * Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry
 * Molecular Recognition
 * Reactivity and Mechanism
 * Electronic Structure

Biological Chemistry
 * Biomolecular Equilibrium
 * Biochemical Kinetics
 * Ligand Binding and Multivalency
 * Biological Spectroscopy
 * Protein Stability
 * Biocalorimetry

Physical Chemistry
 * Fundamentals of Computational Chemistry
 * Thermodynamics
 * Quantum Mechanics
 * Chemical Kinetics

History of Chemistry

 * History of Chemistry
 * Basics of Chemistry

Chemistry Courses

 * Basic Chemistry
 * High School Chemistry
 * Advanced Chemistry
 * University Chemistry
 * Organic Chemistry

Departments

 * Analytical Chemistry
 * Atmospheric Chemistry
 * Biochemistry
 * Biophysical Chemistry
 * Electrochemistry
 * Food Chemistry

 * Green Chemistry
 * Inorganic Chemistry
 * Nanotechnology
 * Organic Chemistry
 * Pharmacology

 * Polymer Chemistry
 * Physical Chemistry

External Departments

 * Chemical Engineering

Youtube Videos
GENERAL CHEMISTRY explained in 19 Minutes - Wacky Science

 * This video offers an 18-minute and 49-second concise overview of General Chemistry, beneficial for review and serving as a brief introduction to the subject.

Wikipedia resources

 * Category:Chemistry journals
 * List of organic reactions
 * List of organic compounds
 * List of inorganic compounds
 * List of compounds
 * List of alloys
 * Inorganic compounds by element
 * List of minerals
 * List of biomolecules
 * List of basic chemistry topics
 * Table of standard reduction potentials for half-reactions important in biochemistry
 * List of phytochemicals and foods in which they are prominent
 * List of CAS numbers by chemical compound

 * List of chemistry topics
 * List of essential oils
 * List of basic biochemistry topics
 * List of biochemistry topics
 * Systematic name

Wikibooks

 * IB Chemistry
 * Mathematics for Chemistry
 * General Chemistry
 * Biochemistry
 * Biophysical Chemistry
 * Inorganic Chemistry
 * Organic Chemistry
 * Chemical Synthesis
 * Computational Chemistry
 * Crystallography
 * Analytical Forensic Pharmacology

Active participants
The histories of Wikiversity pages indicate who the active participants are. If you are an active participant in this school, you can list your name here (this can help small schools grow and the participants communicate better; for large schools it is not needed).

 * Sign your name here with four ~ keys sequentially.
 * Dominant group/Planetary science Cometary chemistry, Active since 11 September 2011. --Marshallsumter (discuss • contribs) 18:43, 22 January 2020 (UTC)

Things you can do!

 * Clean up Draft:Chemicals and move it to become a subpage of a supporting main page learning project.
 * Clean up Draft:Chemistry and move it to become a subpage of a supporting main page learning project.
 * Clean up Draft:Phosphate biochemistry and move it to become a subpage of a supporting main page learning project.

School news

 * 25 August 2006 - School founded!
 * September 2006 - Two journals started on the Academic Publishing Wiki [wiki] which are relevant to Chemistry: Interpretations in the Physical and Computational Sciences [] and Education in the Sciences [].
 * 10 October 2012 - Radiation astrochemistry announced on Main Page News!
 * 8 July 2013 - Renovation of the School begins!
 * 1 January 2015 - The full-semester course Principles of radiation astronomy is up and running, including the lecture Radiation astronomy/Chemistry.

Related news

 * April 18, 2007 - Researchers are studying converting carbon dioxide into fuel utilizing solar energy...

Humor
Take a break and prevent your head from exploding.

Rules of the lab
1. When you don't know what you're doing, do it neatly.

2. Experiments must be reproduceable, they should fail the same way each time.

3. First draw your curves, then plot your data.

4. Experience is directly proportional to equipment ruined.

5. A record of data is essential, it shows you were working.

6. To study a subject best, understand it thoroughly before you start.

7. To do a lab really well, have your report done well in advance.

8. If you can't get the answer in the usual manner, start at the answer and derive the question.

9. If that doesn't work, start at both ends and try to find a common middle.

10. In case of doubt, make it sound convincing.

11. Do not believe in miracles---rely on them.

12. Team work is essential. It allows you to blame someone else.

13. All unmarked beakers contain fast-acting, extremely toxic poisons.

14. Any delicate and expensive piece of glassware will break before any use can be made of it. (Law of Spontaneous Fission)

Brief guide to scientific literature
It has been long known = I haven't bothered to check the references

It is known = I believe

It is believed = I think

It is generally believed = My colleagues and I think

There has been some discussion = Nobody agrees with me

It can be shown = Take my word for it

It is proven = It agrees with something mathematical

Of great theoretical importance = I find it interesting

Of great practical importance = This justifies my employment

Of great historical importance = This ought to make me famous

Some samples were chosen for study = The others didn't make sense

Typical results are shown = The best results are shown

Correct within order of magnitude = Wrong

The values were obtained empirically= The values were obtained by accident

The results are inconclusive = The results seem to disprove my hypothesis

Additional work is required = Someone else can work out the details

It might be argued that = I have a good answer to this objection

The investigations proved rewarding = My grant has been renewed

Synthesised according to standard protocols = Purchased

Phrases
Remember, if you're not part of the solution, you're part of the precipitate!

Never replicate a successful experiment -Fett's law.

It takes alkynes to make a world.

A couple of months in the laboratory can frequently save a couple of hours in the library.

Make it myself? But I'm a physical organic chemist!

Old Chemists never die, they just fail to react.

First law of Laboratorics: Hot glass and cold glass look alike!

title: School:Chemistry


text:
Talk:Dave Douglas (drummer)

Untitled
Mind explaining this better? What's the problem here?RoryS89 03:57, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Rory, please read our Biographies of living persons policy. Although this article does contain a single external link to the band's website, none of the information here is reliably sourced.  See WP:CITE, WP:RS, WP:V, et cetera for guidelines and policies on citing reliable sources which can be verified by others.  Can't sleep, clown will eat me 18:22, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

uhhhh, Dave Douglas the jazz trumpet player is way more notable than this guy and should be the default redirect for Dave Douglas. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:47, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Dave Douglas (drummer). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150220110531/http://relientknews.com/news/233/dave-douglas-returns-to-drums-for-relient-k/ to http://relientknews.com/news/233/dave-douglas-returns-to-drums-for-relient-k/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141014123144/http://www.indievisionmusic.com/2014/09/21/dave-douglas-to-drum-on-relient-ks-mmhmm-tour/ to http://www.indievisionmusic.com/2014/09/21/dave-douglas-to-drum-on-relient-ks-mmhmm-tour/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:23, 5 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dave Douglas (drummer)


text:
Physics Study Guide/Standing waves

=Standing waves=

Wave speed is equal to the square root of tension divided by the linear density of the string.

Linear density of the string is equal to the mass divided by the length of the string.

The fundamental wavelength is equal to two times the length of the string.

Variables

Definition of terms

Fundamental frequency: the frequency when the wavelength is the longest allowed, this gives us the lowest sound that we can get from the system.

In a string, the length of the string is half of the largest wavelength that can create a standing wave, called its fundamental wavelength.

title: Physics Study Guide/Standing waves


text:
Talk:2002 Veterans Day weekend tornado outbreak

Name
I moved "Veterans Day Weekend tornado outbreak of 2002" to "2002 Veterans Day Weekend tornado outbreak" to comply with Naming conventions (events). --Rosiestep (talk) 23:39, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

Dead link

 * http://www.statepatrol.ohio.gov/newsroom/video/Tornado%20340.wmv
 * In 2002 Veterans Day Weekend tornado outbreak on 2011-05-25 07:25:08, 404 Not Found
 * In 2002 Veterans Day Weekend tornado outbreak on 2011-06-10 13:28:10, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 13:28, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 2

 * http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ohx/surveys/ss111002.htm
 * In 2002 Veterans Day Weekend tornado outbreak on 2011-05-25 07:25:05, 404 Not Found
 * In 2002 Veterans Day Weekend tornado outbreak on 2011-06-10 13:28:34, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 13:28, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 3

 * http://www.srh.noaa.gov/bmx/significant_events/2002/11_10/index.php
 * In 2002 Veterans Day Weekend tornado outbreak on 2011-05-25 07:25:05, 404 Not Found
 * In 2002 Veterans Day Weekend tornado outbreak on 2011-06-10 13:28:39, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 13:28, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 4

 * http://www.srh.noaa.gov/hun/stormsurveys/2002-11-10/index.php
 * In 2002 Veterans Day Weekend tornado outbreak on 2011-05-25 07:25:06, 404 Not Found
 * In 2002 Veterans Day Weekend tornado outbreak on 2011-06-10 13:28:50, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 13:29, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 5

 * http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jan/events/10_11nov02/
 * In 2002 Veterans Day Weekend tornado outbreak on 2011-05-25 07:25:06, 404 Not Found
 * In 2002 Veterans Day Weekend tornado outbreak on 2011-06-10 13:28:59, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 13:29, 10 June 2011 (UTC)


text:
War Seminar

 * Part of the School of History.

The War Seminar learning project is devoted to discussions about the history of war as a cultural practice and current wars in the world.

This learning project offers learnings activities that encourage the participation of Wikiversity editors who are interested in war as a cultural phenomenon. Concepts to learn include: the causes of war and the history of attempts to limit the number and destructiveness of wars.

Call for contributions
Wikiversity needs quality essays on the question of war.

Here are some questions to ponder as you select your topic: What mechanism causes people to live peacefully with their neighbors but choose war with those living in distant lands? What problems do political boundaries cause? What problems do political boundaries solve? What is the purpose of dividing nations by political and geographic boundaries? How do nations enact laws? What are different types of governments that have the most political power in various nations?

To begin your draft, enter title that is not already on the list below and write. If you wish to change your title, or have any other questions, visit us at Colloquium.
 * List of contributions

Outstanding Project and a request for someone to judge one essay

 * /Art and War/ is especially moving.
 * Winning the War on Terror was too long for this curator to read. If you don't feel like writing an essay, perhaps you might wish to judge this one and leave comments at Talk:War Seminar.

title: War Seminar


text:
Cookbook:Baking Powder

| Basic foodstuffs | Leavening agent

Baking powder is a chemical leavening agent.

Characteristics
Baking powder is composed of baking soda, one or more acidic salts (such as cream of tartar or dicalcium phosphate dihydrate), and a powdered starch to act as a buffer.

When the baking powder is combined with liquid, the baking soda reacts with its component acids to produce carbon dioxide gas bubbles, which are trapped by the material around them and cause leavening.

Early baking powders were single-acting, meaning that they react very quickly at room temperature and release most of their gas before making it into the oven. Most modern baking powders are double-action, which means they contain both fast- and slow-acting acids. The fast-acting acid dissolves quickly and reacts to produce carbon dioxide at room temperature, and the slow-acting only reacts once heat causes it to dissolve completely. Double-acting baking powders are therefore more stable and prevent rapid gas release from negatively impacting the structure of a leavened good.

Selection and storage
Despite the buffering starch, the acid and base components of baking powder will still slowly react together over time, decreasing its leavening power. As a result, baking powder is only guaranteed to have its full leavening power for up to ½–1 year.

Use
Baking powder is used as a leavener in recipes that don't otherwise have acidic ingredients to react with baking soda. It is often found in quick breads like pancakes, waffles, and muffins.

title: Cookbook:Baking Powder


text:
Longin Krčo

Longin Krčo (Serbian Cyrillic: Лонгин Крчо; born 29 September 1955) is a bishop of the Serbian Orthodox Church who became head of the Eparchy of New Gračanica and Midwestern America in October 1999. He is one of the longest-serving Serbian Orthodox bishops, and was the war-time Bishop of Dalmatia.

Early life
He was born on 29 September 1955 to father Stanoje and mother Anđa (née Jovanović). He completed his elementary school in Olovske Luke and he then completed the Three Holy Hierarchs theological school at the Krka monastery. He was ordained a monk (being given the name Longin) in 1975 by the then-Bishop of Dalmatia Stefan (Boca) after receiving the Little Schema as a student of the fifth grade.

Bishop
Bishop Longin was the Bishop of Dalmatia during the war in Croatia from 1992 until 1999. He was unable to take his seat in Šibenik and used the Krka monastery as diocesan headquarters instead.

During Operation Storm, he was located in Australia but he quickly returned. After Operation Storm, he (and the whole seminary from the Krka monastery) stayed at Divčibare near Valjevo until 1999. He returned to Šibenik for the first time in 1998 for a meeting with Croatian bishop Ante Ivas.

title: Longin Krčo


text:
User:Ericblazek

Hello All,

Send me email at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Areas of interest:

 * Knowledge Management
 * Computer Science
 * Religious Studies

title: User:Ericblazek


text:
User:Hawkeye7/War/Selected anniversaries/March 22

March 22

 * 1849 - The Austrians defeat the Piedmontese at the Battle of Novara.
 * 1939 - World War II: Germany takes Memel from Lithuania.
 * 1942 - World War II: In the Mediterranean Sea, Regia Marina is defeated by Royal Navy in the Second Battle of Sirte.


text:
User:David Sabaj-Stahl

Dr. David Sabaj-Stahl, DEM Occupation: Research Biologist

Areas of interest/ specialization: Biogeography, Biodiversity, Bio-invasion, Botany, Community Ecology, Ecologic Modeling, Statistics, Theoretical Ecology

David Sabaj-Stahl (talk) 22:53, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

title: User:David Sabaj-Stahl


text:
Talk:Computer Programming/Variables

The introduction to variables may make sense for a course to "Programming C" and a like. But in a more broader context it does not satisfy me. Some thoughts:

Variables may reference values rather than stand in for. You can make the variables to reference to another value later on in the program, you can have to variables to reference the same value and you can then manipulate these value through either variable.

The later is explained in the text, but we may abstract from "memory addresses" here.

Moreover, there are programming languages where you have to declare a variable before you can use but don't need to give it a type. I'm thinking of Oz here. In some dynamically typed languages like ruby, procedures/functions/methods declare proc./func./method need arguments (which are variables) declared but without a type.

 * Your points make sense...why don't you edit the page?
 * This 'book's in a bit of a larval state still and still needs some work Dysprosia 09:16, 1 Sep 2003 (UTC)

 * textbook.wikipedia.org was just mentioned in a couple of slashdot comments (not articles! don't panic!). I doubt that there'll be lots of people arriving but there might be a few gawkers moving through.

 * I tried to edit the introduction but could not figure how to get to it.
 * What I was trying to add
 * Dates and times can be in various formats such as USA (mm/dd/yyyy); European (dd.mm.yyyy); Japanese (yyyy.mm.dd); based on Chinese Year (not Biblical); and others.

AlMac 09:25, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Computer Programming/Variables


text:
Roderic Teamer

Roderic Fitzgerald Teamer Jr. (born May 12, 1997) is an American football safety for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). He has previously played in the NFL for the Los Angeles Chargers and Las Vegas Raiders. He played college football at Tulane.

Early years
Teamer was born and grew up in New Orleans, Louisiana and attended Brother Martin High School. He was named first team All-Metro and first team All-State as a senior after recording 116 tackles, two interceptions and a sack.

College career
Teamer played four seasons for the Tulane Green Wave. He became a starter at cornerback towards the end of his freshman season. He made 48 tackles (3.5 for loss) with two passes broken up, a blocked kick and a fumble recovery, which he returned 52 yards for a touchdown in his junior season. As a senior, Teamer finished second on the team with 72 tackles along with six passes broken up and an interception and was named second team All-American Athletic Conference. He finished his collegiate career with 197 tackles, 15 passes defensed, three interceptions and three sacks in 46 games played.

Los Angeles Chargers
Teamer signed with the Los Angeles Chargers as an undrafted free agent on April 27, 2019. He made his NFL debut on September 22, 2019 against the Houston Texans, starting at strong safety and making seven tackles. Teamer recorded his first career interception on October 20, 2019 in a 20-23 loss to the Tennessee Titans, picking off a pass thrown by Ryan Tannehill. In Week 8 against the Chicago Bears, Teamer recorded a team high 8 tackles and sacked quarterback Mitch Trubisky once in the 17–16 win. Teamer finished his rookie season with 40 tackles, one sack, two passes defended and one interception in seven games played (six starts).

On July 13, 2020, Teamer was suspended for the first four games of the 2020 NFL season for violating the NFL's policy on substance abuse. He was waived on August 1, 2020.

Indianapolis Colts
On January 10, 2021, Teamer signed a reserve/futures contract with the Indianapolis Colts. He was waived on May 14, 2021.

Las Vegas Raiders
Teamer signed with the Las Vegas Raiders on June 3, 2021. He was placed on injured reserve on October 20. Teamer was activated on November 20. In Week 12 against the Dallas Cowboys, Teamer was ejected by the game for a fight on the sideline with Kelvin Joseph. Teamer finished his season playing in 10 games (two starts), recording 18 tackles.

In 2022, Teamer appeared in all 17 games for the first time in his career, with three starts, and recording 35 tackles (23 solo).

On March 15, 2023, Teamer re-signed with the Raiders. He was placed on injured reserve on October 18. He was activated on November 25.

On November 25, 2023, Teamer was arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) and speeding. He was waived by the Raiders on November 27.

New Orleans Saints
On June 20, 2024, Teamer signed with the New Orleans Saints.

title: Roderic Teamer


text:
Talk:Melbourne Observer

I saw this text attatched to the Sunday press article & thought it deserved an article of it's own! Congrats to the real author,very informative!Bosun 03:35, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Melbourne Observer


text:
KissAnime

KissAnime was an anime-focused file streaming website that hosted links and embedded videos, allowing users to stream or download movies and TV shows illegally for free. It was a sister site to a related manga viewing website, KissManga. KissAnime was described as "one of the world’s biggest streaming anime websites". TorrentFreak reported that the sites had audiences of millions and that for a time, KissAnime was "the most visited pirate site in the world".

History
The website, as well as KissManga, was shut down on 14 August 2020 (the .com website had been registered in 2012 and a more recent .ru domain in 2016), and it has been suggested this was done due to copyright complaints, and the threat of the new, stricter Japanese laws on online piracy. In 2017 the site was also a target of a subpoena by US company Funimation Global Group, which described its actions as aimed at "someone... disseminating infringing content on a MASSIVE scale, for profit."

In 2018 the site was blocked in Australia. It was also blocked in India in 2020, along with other pirate streaming and torrent websites, after a decision by the Delhi High Court in favour of the plaintiff, Disney India. The court order provided for "dynamic" blocking meaning that Disney could ask for further bans on websites violating copyrights other than the ones in the order.

Reactions
The site has been criticized for its copyright infringement and occasionally for advertising that contained malware, but it has been praised for popularizing anime and manga, and for providing access to content that is not legally available in certain areas, particularly in parts of Europe, Southeast Asia and India.

Its main site, KissAnime.ru, was shut down on August 14, 2020. One commentator noted that "fans are furious" as "in many countries they really have nowhere to go" for the kind of content that was hosted on the site. Another commentator has described the outcome as both "a major strike to media piracy [and] a blow to the history of anime", noting that the website has also been an archive of rare titles, such as the 1993 original video animation, Battle Angel. Many of the works that have been available on the website can be considered lost, as not only are many titles not distributed legally in many countries, but in some cases, they are only available on physical media, which is subject to degradation over time, and are not possible to legally stream anywhere in the world. Even though the main website has shut down, many mirrors of the original websites still exist.

title: KissAnime


text:
Talk:Hegel's Phenomenological Method

Could someone please change my link to Kant's Critique of Pure Reason in German to an English translation of the book as soon as there is one in Wikisource? (Alex beta 11:31, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC))

I must remember to include Heidegger's remarks about the fact that "we must have already from the beginning [of the Phenomenology] given up the common-sense approach and the so-called natural attitude, not just partially, but totally". (Alex beta 21:23, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC))

We will also need a discussion of Kantian noumena. (Alex beta 21:26, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC))

title: Talk:Hegel's Phenomenological Method


text:
Dan Sweetman

Daniel Albus Sweetman is the former co-host for Network Ten's national cartoon show Toasted TV.

Biography
His father, John, works as a principal pastor while his mother, Debbie, is a piano teacher. He also has two younger siblings, Alex and Zac.

Sweetman has been playing instruments since the 3rd grade specializing in Guitar, Piano, Saxophone, Jazz Flute, Sitar and G chromatic kazoo. He has performed at the 2007 Australian Gospel Music Festival in Toowoomba, Queensland. Among his major influences are Bob Evans, Eminem, Bob Carlisle, The Kinks, a-ha, Ryan Adams, Rammstein, Ray Charles, Coldplay, Mozart, Billy Ray Cyrus and Tom Jones.

Sweetman has represented Queensland U/14s in Basketball and runs the Bridge to Brisbane every second year. Sweetman is the brainchild of the MS Brissie to the Bay ride and has received national recognition for this event. Many other charities have adopted this mode of fundraising since this ride commenced in 1990.

Prior to his 3-year stint on Ten's Toasted TV, Sweetman completed a Bachelor of Creative Industries at the Queensland University of Technology.

Sweetman has often stepped up to talk about bullying and other social issues such as child abuse. He is a Christian and is currently the senior pastor for the Life Point Church in Brisbane.

title: Dan Sweetman


text:
Patrick Baco

Patrick Baco (born on 7 February 1962) is a French former rugby league player who played as.

Club

 * XIII Catalan

Honours
French Championship

 * Champion in 1983, 1984 and 1985
 * Runner-up in 1986, 1988

Lord Derby Cup

 * Champion in 1985
 * Runner-up in 1983, 1987

International caps

 * France (2 caps) 1986, against :
 * Great Britain

title: Patrick Baco


text:
Talk:Irreligion in Ghana

I suggest a better title for this rather peculiar article would be 'Atheism in Ghana'.1812ahill (talk) 00:34, 5 January 2013 (UTC)

This sentence makes no sense.
"Irreligion in Ghana is difficult to measure in the country, as many citizens claim Christian faith."[ Isn't this like saying "Beef consumption is difficult to measure in India, as many citizens claim to be vegetarian." It's not difficult to measure. You're just not getting the results you want.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:06, 6 March 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Irreligion in Ghana


text:
East Fairview, North Dakota

East Fairview is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in McKenzie County, North Dakota, United States. Its population was 76 as of the 2010 census. The community is located on the North Dakota-Montana border, which separates it from Fairview, Montana.

title: East Fairview, North Dakota


text:
John Templeton-Cotill

Rear Admiral John Atterill Templeton-Cotill (4 June 1920 – 23 May 2011) was a Royal Navy officer who became Flag Officer, Malta.

History
Educated at Canford School and New College, Oxford, Templeton-Cotill joined the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve in 1939 and served in the Second World War becoming flag lieutenant to the Flag officer, Malta and then first lieutenant in a motor torpedo boat. After the War he became naval attaché in Russia in May 1962, commander of the 23rd Escort Squadron and captain of the frigate HMS Rhyl in August 1964 and senior naval member of the Defence Operational Analysis Establishment at West Byfleet in 1966. He went on to be commanding officer of the aircraft carrier HMS Bulwark in May 1968, Chief of Staff, Far East Fleet in February 1970 and Flag Officer, Malta in July 1971. In retirement he became Director in the Paris office of Sotheby's.

title: John Templeton-Cotill


text:
Gauri Shankar

Gauri Shankar may refer to:
 * Gaurishankar, a mountain
 * Gaurishankar, Dolakha, a village
 * Gauri Shankar Rai (1924–1991), Indian politician, member of the 6th Lok Sabha during 1977-79, representing Ghazipur constituency of Uttar Pradesh
 * Gauri Shankar Pandey, Indian politician and a former Minister of Bihar
 * Gauri Shankar (chess player) (born 1992), Indian chess player, FIDE Master
 * Gauri Shankar (serial killer) (1954–1995), Indian serial killer, known as "Auto Shankar"
 * Auto Shankar (film), a 2005 Indian film by D. Rajendra Babu about him
 * Auto Shankar (TV series), a 2019 Indian crime thriller web series about him
 * Gauri Shankar Kalita (1955–2010), Indian journalist
 * Gauri Shankar Khadka, Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
 * Gauri Shankar Chaudhary, Nepalese Politician, former agriculture minister

title: Gauri Shankar


text:
Talk:David Ratcliff

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on David Ratcliff. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110723102305/http://www.tomiokoyamagallery.com:80/exhibitions_en/david-ratcliff-exhibition-kyoto-2010_en/ to http://www.tomiokoyamagallery.com/exhibitions_en/david-ratcliff-exhibition-kyoto-2010_en/

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:57, 8 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Ratcliff


text:
User:Saad ur rehman karachi

BORN
Saad ur rehman was born at karachi on 2nd march

SAAD UR REHMAN
Saad means felicity, prosperity, successful and good luck

EDUCATION
Saad ur rehman have completed Hifz ul Quran and P.C.I.T computer course

SOCIAL
INSTAGRAM' YOUTUBE' WEBSITE'

title: User:Saad ur rehman karachi