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Diamondback (Willis Stryker)

Diamondback (Willis Stryker) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is primarily an enemy of Luke Cage and is notable for being the first major supervillain that he faced.

The character was portrayed by Erik LaRay Harvey in the first season of the Marvel Cinematic Universe television series Luke Cage.

Publication history
Willis Stryker was created by Archie Goodwin and George Tuska and first appeared in Luke Cage, Hero for Hire #1 (June 1972).

After 45 years, Stryker returned to comics in All-New Guardians of the Galaxy: Free Comic Book Day (July 2017).

Fictional character biography
Willis Stryker, one of Luke's childhood friends, first appeared in Luke Cage: Hero for Hire #1. He is known as Diamondback for his mastery of knives including specially-gimmicked knives that explode, release toxic gases or create sonic waves. Willis Stryker was born and raised in Harlem, New York City. He grew up on the street alongside Carl Lucas, his best friend and future partner. He was recruited into one of the local gangs, The Rivals. The gang consisted mostly of Carl Lucas, Stryker, Shades and Comanche. They engaged in many gang fights with The Diablos, a rival gang. He also committed petty crimes and worked for a crime lord named Sonny Caputo. Carl changed his life and found an honest job while Willis became a skilled gangster but they remained good friends.

A girl named Reva Connors loved them both but was more attracted to Carl. Willis, devastated by jealousy, framed him by hiding drugs where Carl lived, causing Carl Lucas to be sent to prison. The drugs belonged to the Maggia so they hunted Willis but ended up killing Reva.

Carl changed his name to Luke Cage and escaped from prison thanks to his bulletproof skin and searched for revenge. Luke Cage was attacked by hitmen hired by Diamondback. When the attack failed, Diamondback has his inventor Gadget-Man create new gimmicked switch blades to deal with Cage and kidnapped Claire Temple. Tracking Diamondback to his lair, Luke was surprised to find that it was his old friend Stryker. Diamondback battled Cage who hoped to clear his name. During the fight, Diamondback fell through a skylight and was blown up by one of his own trick switchblades, ruining any hope Luke had that Stryker could clear his name. Just then Claire arrived with Noah Burstein (the man who conducted the prison experiments) and the police, and Luke wonders if Burstein will turn him over to the authorities.

Diamondback later turned up alive. He then began to make plans to become a crime lord where he will start in Harlem and then rule the crime on the Eastern Seaboard. Upon having his men arrange for a meeting with the crime lords at Club Ultimate, Diamondback planned to have waving network of influence. The meeting was crashed by Luke Cage, Iron Fist, and Daredevil. After the fight, Diamondback managed to injure Jessica Jones at her apartment by shooting her. Diamondback later had a meeting with Black Cat which is crashed by Luke Cage. Using toxic dust, Diamondback struck Luke Cage and proceeded to beat him up. Unbeknownst to Diamondback, Black Cat dropped Luke Cage off at Night Nurse's location and she was able to cure him. After recuperation, Luke Cage, Jessica Jones, and their allies went after Diamondback and attacked him at Club Ultimate. Diamondback demonstrated his new abilities like superhuman strength and speed. Although he was injured in the fight, Diamondback got away. During their stakeout of Club Ultimate, Iron Fist and Jessica Jones were ambushed by Diamondback, where he knocked over Jessica Jones' car and broke Iron Fist's back. While gloating over Iron Fist, Diamondback was caught off guard when Jessica Jones attacked him. After being defeated by Jessica Jones and Iron Fist, Diamondback was arrested by the police and transferred to a prison, as he was deemed too dangerous to be placed in the county lockup. He's placed along with the Punisher, who was captured by Daredevil and Luke Cage. During the ride, Diamondback taunts the Punisher, causing the truck to crash and enabling them to escape. He later shows up at Black Cat's apartment, where he shoots her multiple times in retaliation for Cat saving Luke Cage.

While battling a wounded Black Cat, Diamondback is defeated by the Defenders and brought into custody. During the trial, Stryker's lawyer manages to get him out on parole. It's later revealed that the lawyer was hired by Wilson Fisk. He then takes over Club Ultimate, killing Hammerhead in the process. Diamondback later crashes a meeting between Fixer, Moonstone and Titania where he recruits them to attack the Defenders. When the Defenders arrive at the nightclub to arrest him, Diamondback calls on Fixer, Moonstone and Titania and they begin to fight. In the middle of the fight, Diamondback gets shot by Black Cat and they get captured by the Defenders and their allies.

Diamondback is among the crime lords that compete with Mister Negative to obtain the Tablet of Life and Destiny in order to win the favor of Mayor Wilson Fisk.

Diamondback is among the crime lords that attend the wedding of Randy Robertson and Janice Lincoln. When Shotgun crashes the wedding and shoots Tombstone, Spider-Man goes after Shotgun as the crime lords blame each other for calling the hit.

During the "Gang War" storyline, Diamondback attends a crime lord meeting at Arthur Avenue. He states that he has his own plans for Madame Masque's territory and that he is backed by Hydra. As Diamondback visits a secret Hydra facility, he is contacted by Viper who states that Hydra knows of the upcoming gang war where they would like to back him. As Diamondback speaks to a bunch of thugs at a nightclub in the Financial District, it is crashed by Spider-Woman who tries to get answers on why Hydra is backing him. Diamondback is then aided in fighting Spider-Woman by Hydra member Green Mamba. They managed to subdue Spider-Woman before getting away. Diamondback later had a meeting with Madame Hydra. When Spider-Woman raided a building that was one of their fronts, she pursued Diamondback, Viper, and Green Mamba to a helicopter demanding answers on where her son Gerry Drew is. Spider-Woman was knocked off it by Green Mamba. Luckily for Spider-Woman, Madame Web caught her with her webs. Spider-Woman went on to disrupt every criminal activities done by Diamondback's gang enough that Diamondback gave orders to have Green Mamba withdraw from targeting Mister Negative. When Spider-Woman arrived on a ship that was being used as a front for Hydra, Diamondback and Green Mamba attacked her. Diamondback stated that Hydra has been keeping tabs on "gifted" children and had enlisted some "eggheads" to get the children passed the "ankle biter" stage. To Spider-Woman's surprise, Green Mamba is revealed to be an aged Gerry.

Powers and abilities
Willis Stryker is an expert knife fighter and hand-to-hand combatant. Outside of conventional knives, Willis Stryker uses trick knives that were modified by Gadget where they can emit gas, contain sonic disruptors, and cause explosions.

Following his return from the dead, Diamondback appeared to possess some degree of superhuman strength, being able to throw a person across a room, catch a punch from Jessica Jones and lift her up with one hand, as well as having some degree of superhuman speed. It's later revealed that his super-strength and speed come from consuming drugs.

House of M
In the House of M reality, the Willis Stryker version of Diamondback is a mutant with reptilian features.

Luke Cage Noir
Willis Stryker appears in Luke Cage Noir, in which he is a former friend of Luke Cage, and a Harlem crime boss.

In other media
Willis Stryker / Diamondback appears in Luke Cage, portrayed by Erik LaRay Harvey as an adult and by Jared Kemp as a teenager. This version is the older half-brother and former best friend of Luke Cage who was born from an affair that Cage's father Reverend James Lucas had with his secretary Dana Stryker. As youths, Willis and Cage were arrested for grand theft auto, resulting in the latter joining the Marines while the former served in juvenile detention, later jail, where he was forced to kill in self-defense. This, coupled with Dana being abandoned by Lucas and dying from cancer led to Willis swearing revenge on Cage, who he successfully framed and sent to Seagate Prison. By the present, Willis went on to become an arms dealer, trafficking Hammer Industries weapons to Harlem crime boss Cornell "Cottonmouth" Stokes and his cousin Mariah Dillard. Following a botched arms deal, Stryker sends his associate Hernan "Shades" Alvarez to assist the pair. Upon learning Cage is alive, Willis comes out of hiding and utilizes Judas bullets, exploding hollow-point bullets developed by Hammer Industries from salvaged alien metal that can penetrate Cage's impenetrable skin, in a failed attempt to kill him, though his partnership with Stokes and Dillard falls through and Shades defects to them. Willis dons a Hammer Industries battle-suit and challenges Cage to a street fight, only to be defeated and arrested by Misty Knight. Noah Burnstein was last seen entering his hospital room.

title: Diamondback (Willis Stryker)


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Bratchers Crossroads, Tennessee

Bratchers Crossroads is an unincorporated community in Warren County, in the U.S. state of Tennessee.

History
The community was likely named for Benjamin Bratcher, an early settler.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bratchers Crossroads, Tennessee


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User:HMcKibben

I Created this account for my mother who is currently doing post-graduate work online in the field of psychology. I am trying to bring her skills and presence to Wikiversity for the betterment of all.

title: User:HMcKibben


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Maukhari dynasty

The Maukhari dynasty (Gupta script:, Mau-kha-ri) was the ruling house of the Kingdom of Kannauj and controlled the vast plains of Ganga-Yamuna for over six generations from their capital at Kannauj. They earlier served as vassals of the Guptas. The Maukharis established their independence during the mid 6th century. The dynasty ruled over much of Uttar Pradesh and Magadha. Around 606 CE, a large area of their empire was reconquered by the Later Guptas of Magadha. According to Hieun-Tsang, the territory may have been lost to King Shashanka of the Gauda Kingdom, who declared independence circa 600CE.

Religion
The Maukharis were staunch Hindus. They tried to enforce and maintain the traditional social order among the people. Hinduism received state support, but Buddhism also managed to remain as a prominent religion.

Army
The Maukhari army consisted of elephants, cavalry and infantry. Ishanavarman in all probability would have taken much pains to reorganize the army and make it strong and worthy. The Maukhari strategy mainly focused on deploying elephant corps to crush the enemy armies. They were used against the Alchon Huns and the Later Gupta armies. The Maukharis fought against the remnants of the Alchon Huns in the areas of the Gangetic Doab and Magadha, as documented in the Aphsad inscription, while the Aulikaras repelled them in the Malwa region. The Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena mentions the military successes of kings of the Later Gupta dynasty against the Maukharis, themselves past victors of the Alchon Huns:

"Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena.jpg]]"The son of that king (Kumaragupta) was the illustrious Dâmôdaragupta, by whom (his) enemies were slain, just like the demons by (the god) Dâmôdara. Breaking up the proudly stepping array of mighty elephants, belonging to the Maukhari, which had thrown aloft in battle the troops of the Hûnas (in order to trample them to death), he became unconscious (and expired in the fight).""

- Line 8 of the Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena.

The Maukharis, rather than the Guptas, were therefore the key actors in repelling the Hunas.

Administration
Kanyakubja, the Maukhari capital, grew in prosperity and importance as a great cosmopolitan city. After the demise of the Maukharis, it even became the capital of Emperor Harsha. Hence, Kanyakubja was largely contested by imperial powers.

The first three Maukhari kings are mentioned in the inscriptions as Maharaja, but their successors assumed grander titles showing an increase in power and prestige. Ishanavarman was the first Maukhari ruler to adopt the title Maharajadhiraja (lit., King of Great Kings).

Cultural and international exchanges
The Maukhari kings were patrons of poets and writers and many literary works were composed during their reign. Various seals and inscriptions are known, such as the Asirgarh seal inscription of Sharvavarman, or the Haraha inscription of Isanavarman, discovered near the village of Harara in the Barabanki district, Uttar Pradesh and dated to Vikrama Samvat 610 (ie 554 CE), which record the genealogy of the Maukharis.

Contacts with the Sasanian Empire
With the end of Hunnic power, new contacts were established between India and the Sasanian Persia. Intellectual games such as chess and backgammon demonstrated and celebrated the diplomatic relationship between Khosrow I and a "great king of India." The vizier of the Indian king invented chess as a cheerful, playful challenge to emperor Khosrow. It seems that the Indian ruler who sent the game of chess to Khosrow was the Maukhari monarch Śarvavarman of Kannauj, between the beginning of Śarvavarman's reign in 560/565 and the end of Khosrow's reign in 579. When the game was sent to Iran it came with a letter which read: "As your name is the King of Kings, all your emperorship over us connotes that your wise men should be wiser than ours. Either you send us an explanation of this game of chess or send revenue and tribute us." Khosrow's grand vizier successfully solved the riddle and figured out how to play chess. In response the wise vizier created the game backgammon and sent it to the Indian court with the same message. The Indian king was not able to solve the riddle and was forced to pay tribute.

Succession
The Vardhana dynasty (also called "Pushyabhuti dynasty") ultimately succeeded the Maukhari dynasty, but it had originally only been a small polity around their capital Sthaneshvara (Thanesar). According to Hans T. Bakker, their ruler Aditya-Vardhana (or Aditya-Sena) was probably a feudatory to the Maukhari ruler Sharvavarman. His successor Prabhakaravardhana may have also been a feudatory to the Maukhari king Avantivarman in his early days. Prabhakara's daughter Rajyashri married Avantivarman's son Grahavarman. As a result of this marriage, Prabhakara's political status increased significantly, and he assumed the imperial title Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja ("the one to whom the other kings bow because of his valour and affection").

Rulers
The known Maukhari rulers of madhya-desha include:
 * Harivarman
 * Adityavarman
 * Ishvaravarman (Iśvaravarman)
 * Ishanavarman (Iśanavarman), r.c. 550–574 CE
 * Sharvavarman (Śarvavarman), r. c. 574–586 CE
 * Avantivarman
 * Grahavarman, r. c. 600–605 CE

Karenti branch of Maukhari Rulers
After the fall of Maukhari dynasty his descendants moved to Kuntalpur and later one of his descendant Kripal Dev moved to Kirtigadh in 661, where he defeated Baloch ruler of Kirtigadh and Makwanas ruled from (661 AD to 1089 AD). Last king was Kesar Dev Makwana, who died in battle against Hamir Soomra, ruler of Amarkot.

Karenti (1039-
 * 1. Kripaldevji or Karpaldevji, First Makwana Lord of Karenti (662-682).
 * 2. Bharmal Second Makwana Lord of Karenti (682-706).
 * 3. Bhojraj, Third Makwana Lord of Karenti (706-716).
 * 4. Dhirsen, Fourth Makwana Lord of Karenti (716-734).
 * 5. Popasen, Fifth Makwana Lord of Karenti (734-744).
 * 6. Devraj, Sixth Makwana Lord of Karenti (744-762).
 * 7. Parthisal, Seventh Makwana Lord of Karenti (762-792).
 * 8. Salande, Eighth Makwana Lord of Karenti (792-810).
 * 9. Surjanbhan, Ninth Makwana Lord of Karenti (810-824).
 * 10. Somesar, Tenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (824-833).
 * 11. Satal, Eleventh Makwana Lord of Karenti (833-862).
 * 12. Sundarpal, Twelfth Makwana Lord of Karenti (862-891).
 * 13. Ratanpal, Thirteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (891-905).
 * 14. Akhepal, Fourteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (905-914).
 * 15. Amratpal, Fifteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (914-932).
 * 16. Udebhan, Sixteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (932-962).
 * 17. Lakhdhir, Seventeenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (962-972).
 * 18. Surtan, Eighteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (972-992).
 * 19. Hamir, Nineteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (992-1022).
 * 20. Narbhavandev or Narbhramdev, Twentieth Makwana Lord of Karenti (1022-1039).
 * 21. Jayamalladev or Jaimalji, Twenty-First Makwana Lord of Karenti (1039-1042).
 * 22.Vyaghradev or Vaghji, Twenty-Second Makwana Lord of Karanti (1042-1045).
 * 23. Vihayasdev or Vairisha, Twenty-Third Makwana Lord of Karenti Karenti(1045-104
 * 24. Kesardev, Twenty-Fourth Makwana Lord of  Karenti (1049-28 MAY 1082). Died: killed in battle 28 May 1082 by Hamir Sumro, Jam of Sindh
 * 23. Vihayasdev or Vairisha, Twenty-Third Makwana Lord of Karenti Karenti(1045-104
 * 24. Kesardev, Twenty-Fourth Makwana Lord of  Karenti (1049-28 MAY 1082). Died: killed in battle 28 May 1082 by Hamir Sumro, Jam of Sindh

Barabar branch of Maukhari rulers
The Barabar Cave inscriptions attest the existence of another Maukhari branch. This branch ruled as feudatories, probably that of the Later Guptas. The known rulers of this branch include:

 * Nrpa Shri Yajnavarman
 * Nrpa Samantachudamani Shri Shardulavarman
 * Anantavarman

title: Maukhari dynasty


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User:Prasutagus aeternum/DraftSpace/Leonardo Cecchi

Leonardo Cecchi (born August 28, 1998) is an American born and Italian nationalised actor. He is known for playing Alex Leoni in the Disney Channel series Alex & Co. (2015-2017) and for the same role in the film How to grow up despite parents which was based on the series.

Early Life
Leonardo Cecchi was born in Minneapolis to an American mother and Italian father. He was raised in Turin and attended Germana Erba High School for Art and Entertainment. It is at a casting held at the school that Leonardo got his first break as the title character in Alex & Co.


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Cookbook:Lentil Soup

 * Vegan Cuisine | Soups

Ingredients

 * 1–2 tablespoons olive oil
 * 1 onion, diced
 * 2 carrots, diced
 * 2 cloves garlic, minced
 * ½ lb dry red lentils
 * 6 cups water or stock
 * 1 bay leaf

Procedure

 * 1) Lentil soup done.jpg over the lentils to remove any debris if needed. Rinse well.
 * 2) Heat the olive oil in a large pan over medium heat. Once oil is hot, add the onion and carrots. Sauté for a few minutes, until the vegetables have started to soften, then add the garlic.
 * 3) Add the lentils, bay leaf, and water to the pot. Simmer over low-medium heat for 20–30 minutes until lentils are softened.
 * 4) Serve hot.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Herbs and/or spices can be added to the sautéing vegetables, such as cumin, thyme, oregano, and/or red pepper flakes.
 * Hot sauce can be added to taste. Freshly-squeezed lemon juice is a nice addition, preferably immediately before serving.

title: Cookbook:Lentil Soup


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Russia naming issue

The result of the debate was delete. Johnleemk | Talk 16:05, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Russia naming issue
Found in the cleanup backlog: an unsourced, NPOV, possibly original research article claiming a conspiracy to rename Russia as Muscovy. Unencyclopedic. Merge anything verifiable to Etymology of Rus and derivatives and delete. Alba 18:13, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Delete—this seems to be a troll: nothing of merit here, unless someone wants to find references in support of a few facts in the timeline. —Michael Z. 2006-03-20 18:25 Z
 * Indeed, the name of Russia predated the name of Muscovy in the western tradition, however unhappy our Polish and Ukrainian friends may feel about the fact. Yet the wording of the article is POVish. It needs to be NPOVed and wikified, that's all. So keep and expand on the model of Name of Ukraine. Or perhaps eventually merge to Etymology of Rus and derivatives? --Ghirla -трёп- 18:38, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * keep and cleanup, perhaps merge, but POV problems is not a reason for deletion. Factual information on timeline is totally correct and useful. Interpretations are presented in a partisan and argumentive form. Needs cleanup but not the deletion. --Irpen 19:03, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * merge per Ghirla - the.crazy.russian   (T)   (C)   (E)  21:11, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete unless someone promises to dePOV, reference, and/or re-write it altogether. If nothing much is left after such a re-write, then merge salvageable parts to Etymology of Rus and derivatives.—Ëzhiki (ërinacëus amurënsis) 22:05, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * delete per nom. --K e rowyn 00:33, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete as unsourced POV fork. If there's anything verifiable in there, it should be part of the Russia article. Robin Johnson 11:45, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Delete. To the extent verifiable (I don't have subject knowledge), pieces likely salvageable for a discussion at Etymology of Rus and derivatives and Russia after made NPOV. POV in itself is of course not grounds for deletion, but questionable articles which are deeply POV, marked for cleanup for 9 mos without it taking place, and can be partially recycled in much more logical places should be cannibalized and deleted. Userfy or move to a subpage of the talk pages of one of the 2 articles above before deleting so if someone wants to scavenge they can. Martinp 01:47, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Discussion
Despite the fact that there may be some correct facts in this article, I see no basis for the existence of the article itself. Just for the record, can someone state in a neutrally-worded sentence or two, what exactly is the "Russia naming issue"? Citation of at least one respectable source would help, too. —Michael Z. 2006-03-20 19:29 Z
 * The issue is the existance of the claim that the self-appelation of the "Rus" rooted names (Russia, Rossia, Rus' Velikaya, etc) was "stolen" by the "Muscovites" for the political purposes, that the "correct" names were and remain only Muscovites and Muscovy (which I don't disagree, these were also correct names) and the Russia and Rus' are incorrect and stolen. That "they" "stole" or "attempted to steal" or "to monopolize" the legacy of Rus', that ony we (whatever it means) are related to Rus' and Muscovites owe their legacy only to Mongolic or Finno-Ugric tribes, that "we are more Rus'ian" then them" (see this article in Ukrainian or in Russian for a good review).

 * Finally, if you go to uk-wiki, you can find users who deny to call Russin things as "Russian" even today and agree to only call it Muscovite (see this). --Irpen 20:11, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, so this article is about a particular rhetorical stance used in a debate about the lineage or "legitimacy" of the Ukrainian and Russian nations? Does it really justify more than a mention in etymology of Rus'?  Perhaps it is part of a larger topic about the rhetoric of national self-importance?

 * I just don't see the merit of analyzing a name-calling match in too much detail. English-language historians tend to document the etymology and usage of names like Rus’, Russia, etc, and the social and political histories of the peoples involved.  They may mention that some argument features prominently in somebody's national rhetoric, perhaps mentioning prominent scholars who have held particular related views, but stay well away from evaluating the relative merits of such arguments, as, I think, should we.   —Michael Z. 2006-03-20 20:27 Z
 * All I am saying is that this is a valid issue and such cleaned up article will not harm and will cover a legitimate, although a rhetorical, point. I think it doesn't qualify for AfD. I would consider the etymology article much more important. Note that both were started by the same user (now seem retired) rather than some troll. --Irpen 20:41, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, if someone would rewrite this so it doesn't sound like someone's personal grudge, then I may change my vote. But as currently written, it's not a suitable article.  —Michael Z. 2006-03-20 23:16 Z

Until then it should be POVed with a tag that I find totally justifiable. However, the POVish presentation in itself is the reason for correction and not deletion provided that the topic is legitimate. --Irpen 23:30, 20 March 2006 (UTC)


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lote

Etymology 1
From, , from , a variant (influenced by 🇨🇬) of , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  To lurk; lie hidden

Etymology 2
From, from 🇨🇬. .

Noun

 * 1) A large tree, the , found in the south of Europe. It has a hard wood, and bears a cherry-like fruit.

Noun

 * 1) burbot (a freshwater fish: )

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) fight, struggle
 * 2) conflict
 * 3) wrestling

Etymology
Attested since circa 1750. From, either through or through.

Noun

 * 1) a quantity of things or persons
 * 2) set, group
 * 3) faggot, bundle
 * 4) lot, share
 * 5)  batch
 * 1) lot, share
 * 2)  batch
 * 1)  batch
 * 1)  batch

Etymology 1
From, either through or through.

Noun

 * 1) lot
 * 2) plot (of land)
 * 3) batch

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) lot (chance assignment)
 * 2) lot, claim
 * 3) plot (of land)
 * 4)  batch
 * 5)  batch

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) lot; parcel of land
 * 2) batch; several goods taken as a group
 * 1) batch; several goods taken as a group

title: lote


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Gurpreet Singh Kangar

Gurpreet Singh Kangar is an Indian politician from Punjab, India. He was a member of Punjab Legislative Assembly and was also a minister in Second Amarinder Singh ministry. He had won the assembly election as a member of Indian National Congress.

title: Gurpreet Singh Kangar


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Waves/Waves in two and three Dimensions

Waves in Two and Three Dimensions
In this chapter we extend the ideas of the previous chapter to the case of waves in more than one dimension. The extension of the sine wave to higher dimensions is the plane wave. Wave packets in two and three dimensions arise when plane waves moving in different directions are superimposed.

Diffraction results from the disruption of a wave which is impingent upon an object. Those parts of the wave front hitting the object are scattered, modified, or destroyed. The resulting diffraction pattern comes from the subsequent interference of the various pieces of the modified wave. A knowledge of diffraction is necessary to understand the behavior and limitations of optical instruments such as telescopes.

Diffraction and interference in two and three dimensions can be manipulated to produces useful devices such as the diffraction grating.

title: Waves/Waves in two and three Dimensions


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Flying Fish Point, Queensland

Flying Fish Point is a coastal town, locality and headland in the Cassowary Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. In the, the locality of Flying Fish Point had a population of 395 people.

Geography
Flying Fish Point is on the northern shore of the mouth of the Johnstone River as it enters the Coral Sea.

History
The town was originally called Musgrave, but on 1 December 1961 it was officially changed to Flying Fish Point. The town's name comes from the headland, which in turn was named by explorer George Elphinstone Dalrymple on 4 October 1873, after the twelve ton cutter Flying Fish which was the principal vessel of his North East Coast Expedition. The southern shore of the mouth of the Johnstone River, Coquette Point, was named after another cutter in the expedition. C

Thomas Henry Fitzgerald had successfully established sugarcane plantations in the Mackay area and in April 1880 came to Flying Fish Point and planted sugarcane there on 15 June 1880. The focus of his sugarcane interests shifted further up the Johnstone River resulting in the establishing of Geraldton (later Innisfail) as the major sugarcane growing area. Flying Fish Point with its sandy beach instead became a popular holiday town for the area.

The first Catholic mass was celebrated in Flying Fish Point on 1 January 1940 in Edwin Shaw's hut.

Flying Fish Point Provisional School opened on 23 January 1899. It closed on a number of occasions due to low student numbers. It also closed for a period in 1918 after the school building was destroyed in a cyclone in March 1918. The school also closed for a period in World War II from about February 1942 when people were evacuated from the district due to fears of a Japanese invasion but the school did not reopen until 1947. It is unclear when it became Flying Fish Point State School as it is today.

Demographics
In the, the locality of Flying Fish Point had a population of 425 people.

In the, the locality of Flying Fish Point had a population of 395 people.

Education
Flying Fish Point State School is a government co-educational primary (P-6) school on Maud Street. In 2016, the school had an enrolment of 56 students with 5 teachers (4 full-time equivalent) and 10 non-teaching staff (5 full-time equivalent).

Community groups
The Flying Fish Point branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at QCWA Hall on Alice Street.

Amenities
The town is home to the Flying Fish Point Tourist Park and a cafe.

title: Flying Fish Point, Queensland


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User:Roadrunner~enwikiversity/Whiteboard

Here is my virtual office white board.

Research interests
Right now I'm focusing on doing research on pricing Shanghai warrants.

Travel schedule
I will be in the Boston area for the Chinese Financial Association in mid-October, and may stay for the FEA '2006 conference afterward.

I may be attending the Darden conference on Emerging Markets if I can get a paper written by then.

Journals to read/submit to

 * * Pacific-Basin Finance Journal
 * * Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies
 * * Journal of Emerging Markets Finance


text:
Talk:Deborah Kerr

Oscar Nomination query
I thought Deborah Kerr was nominated for Best Actress for her role as Terry McKay in "An Affair To Remember", if I'm not mistaken. Lastcharlie 18:16, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
 * No. Check her IMDb page showing her awards. She was Oscar nominated (without a win) for Edward, My Son (1949), From Here to Eternity (1953), The King and I (1956), Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison (1957), Separate Tables (1958) & The Sundowners (1960). All as Best Actress in a Leading Role. -- SteveCrook 20:04, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Honours
There seems to be have been considerable speculation on why Deborah Kerr has been considered or not for certain British honours. However the decision to award or not has nothing to do with whether the person is 'retired' or not. Politicians, on retiring from public service, are regularly honoured. So it is inappropriate for individuals to insert their personal theories as to why this or that award has been made. I have removed this and left the facts only- that she holds a CBE.--<IP_ADDRESS> 22:41, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

I don't know if you were the one who removed my participation in the Deborah Kerr Oscar and CBE campaigns, but if one can do this willfully without facts it causes the entire Wikipedia process to be subject to bogus entries or deletions.

In particular longtime contributor Bill Keane wrote a piece about my involvement with the aforementioned campaigns and backed it up with assertions and newspaper articles attesting to my involvement.

Therefore I am reproducing the essence of what happened regarding Deborah's receipt of her long overdue Oscar and royal honour and if it is removed again, well, I guess there's nothing I can do. It is childish to play tit for tat with those who are ignorant.

In particular, I have been printed in the Daily Telegraph, The Independent and the Evening Standard and the Scottish Sun taking the Ceremonial Secretariat and the government in general to task for denying Deborah the Dame status she well deserved. I am a Hollywood screenwriter, who successfully contributed to her Oscar campaign (after having done so for Myrna Loy a few years earlier) and thereafter immediately contacted the British authorities about giving Deborah a royal honour. I was incensed that not only was she not a Dame, but had never been given so much as an MBE (the lowest such award) in spite of her brilliant film career.

At first I got nowhere and indeed the Ceremonial Secretariat website says quite clearly that retired people no longer qualify -- look it up if you don't believe me. However, after a chance visit to Scotland in 1997 and after a few letters about the dearth of mention about her in her hometown of Helensburgh, I forged a relationship with David Bruce, former head of the Scottish Film Council (now Scottish Screen). In short, he had British political connections as a friend of the then Minister for Film Tom Clarke. Armed with that, plus letters I was able to arrange from top screenwriters such as Daniel Taradash (From Here to Eternity), John Gay (Separate Tables), Robert Anderson (Tea and Sympathy) and Larry Gelbart (M*A*S*H TV series and Tootsie, among others) we prevailed upon the powers that be to not overlook this elegant woman, who always reflected so well on Britain. And in only two months time, quite shocking actually, a royal honour was announced. However, it was only a CBE, and not the DBE we had requested.

I wrote to Tom Clarke and arranged a meeting with him at Parliament when I was in London and he said that, while it would be difficult to arrange, he would look into it. A little bit later, Tony Blair sacked him and I wrote to Clarke's successor, Janet Anderson, who also said she would see what she could do. However, it appeared unlikely that anything might be arranged for at least five years as Deborah had just been given a high honour (though not what she deserved). And usually the higher honour is awarded when additional achievements are displayed, as in the case of Elton John CBE, who was elevated to knighthood after his charity work with AIDS -- not to mention Princess Diana.

The problem was that Deborah was now ill and retired. She should have been honoured when she was at the height of her fame, and then we might have gotten her "promoted" from that. But we were starting from scratch, the government having overlooked her, and, as stated above, unlike the Kennedy Center Honours, the Oscars themselves and the AFI Tributes, the royal honours do not normally get bestowed on those no longer in service. That's why it was sort of a miracle she finally got the CBE at 76. And we had the Film Minister on our side, no doubt indicating that, hang the rules it is an outrage -- we must give her something.

And so she did get the CBE, and after I informed Robert Anderson, he called Deborah, then called me to request that I call her in Switzerland. I was reluctant to do so, as our communications had only been through several letters over the years and a brief personal meeting, but he insisted. And so I did, and the voice on the other end, so distinctive was none other than Deborah Kerr. She thanked me continuously, having been told by Anderson what I'd done, as she'd done by mail from Spain after she was announced for an Oscar. The latter was achieved by a letter writing campaign to many of her film colleagues to contact the Academy, and then personal conversations with Academy Governor Roddy McDowell, who eloquently lobbied for her to be honored by the Academy.

So, I don't know why people just assume that what people say is false and then have the arrogance to delete the record of what is absolutely true.

Finally, I am stunned by her loss, though it was somewhat expected, and only learned of it days later via email from friends as I checked my AOL messages while on a recent trip to the Sao Paulo Film Festival in Brazil. I'm writing this a bit fatigued having returned to Los Angeles from Rio de Janeiro this morning.

If you people are interested in the facts, then you ought to leave things as they are, especially when they deal with industry professionals such as myself, who anyone can research on IMDB or other Internet sources.

In any event, rest in peace, dear Deborah.

Michael RussnowAndymickey 00:10, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Film Nudity
I removed a section discussing her film nudity as it provided false and inaccurate information. According to the obit on cnn.com, "She refused to play a nude scene in The Gypsy Moths, released in 1968. It was when they started that 'Now everybody has got to take their clothes off,' she said. My argument was that it was completely gratuitous. Had it been necessary for the dramatic content, I would have done it.  In fact she undressed for The Arrangement, even though the scene was later cut. There the nude scene was necessary, husband and wife in bed together, Kerr said. That was real." See

Note: The text of the article at present says that Kerr's nude scene was for "The Apartment" when it should be "The Arrangement" as stated here above. Someone should correct that in the article. I'm not familiar with the ways of Wikipedia enough to risk it myself. Just wanted to point out the mistake.

Deborah Kerr did shoot a nude scene in the The Gypsy Moths - just watch the film and you'll see it for yourself or look her up on Google for the screenshot photos. The evidence is there. Tovojolo 11:25, 20 October 2007 (UTC)
 * There are sources for each side, so I've presented both. Clarityfiend (talk) 05:43, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

However, as far as I watch the actual scene, can't distinguish between Kerr and body double argued in article. See

Birth Place
Deborah was born in Glasgow, not Helensburgh. She was brought up in Helensburgh, but was NOT born there. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)

This is true if one is quite technical and it is what maddened me when I visited Helensburgh and later befriended local resident David Bruce.

It seems that after the Scottish Film Centenary, a call was put out to honor Scottish film folk and Deborah was high on the list. A plaque was commissioned to honor her and another Helensburgh native Jack Buchanan. But some ridiculous town naysayers denied Deborah's link to the town by saying she was actually born in a hospital in Glasgow. This was true, but after her birth she was brought home to the family home in Helensburgh, where she spent her early years.

It is to her parents' credit that they desired the best medical care for her entry into this world and went to a major medical facility. This was the early 1920's. But because she was not midwifed in a small town does not break her ties to that community. An article about my visit and dismay was written in the Helensburgh weekly newspaper under the title of "Deborah Kerr, the Burgh's Forgotten Star." Indeed, as I mentioned in the piece, the town gets more from the association with her than a world class star such as Deborah Kerr would be afforded by connection to the citizenry of such a small hamlet.

But the idiots actually demanded that a new plaque with only Jack Buchanan's name be crafted and the original plaque is in the home of David Bruce, who joined forces with me to get her a royal honour.

It was nonsense all around, considering the notices on walls, such as "George Washington Slept Here." I even saw such a plaque about Benjamin Franklin having visited a building in Zurich. People will normally lay claim to even the slightest involvement with an individual to upgrade a town or city's status. So, to thus insist that Deborah Kerr was not really from Helensburgh is small minded, though interestingly when she got the Oscar, David Bruce wrote that the town was all agog. Finally!

Michael Russnow Andymickey 00:25, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

 * According to her obituary in the The Herald: "The daughter of a civil engineer, she was born Deborah Jane Kerr-Trimmer in 1921 in a nursing home in Glasgow. She spent her earliest years in Helensburgh, routinely cited as her place of birth." I have added this information to the article and provided the link.<IP_ADDRESS> 23:23, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

GA Review

 * GA review (see here for criteria)

 * 1) It is reasonably well written.
 * a (prose): b (MoS):
 * 1) It is factually accurate and verifiable.
 * a (references): b (citations to reliable sources):  c (OR):
 * 1) It is broad in its coverage.
 * a (major aspects): b (focused):
 * 1) It follows the neutral point of view policy.
 * Fair representation without bias:
 * 1) It is stable.
 * No edit wars etc.:
 * 1) It is illustrated by images, where possible and appropriate.
 * 1) Overall:
 * Pass/Fail:

This article contains a "recent death" tag, which some might consider as a sign that stability in the article has not been achieved. While I do not personally agree with this, I the article has enough flaws that, when combined with a potential stability issue, merit a fail rather than a hold. Here are some of the most pressing issues with the article:

 * 1) The article needs to conform to WP:LEAD. Specifically, it must touch upon every major point made in the article and not contain any facts that are not present in the body of the article. The lead, as it currently stands, fails on both counts. ✅ Tovojolo 09:41, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) The "Early life" section is scattered and there's probably enough information out there to merit some expansion. Why did she change careers? Did she go to school (ie. college/university) and if so, where? Did she have any training as an actress before she got into films? You don't have to answer all of these questions, especially if the answers are not available, but these are the types of questions that can get you thinking about ways to expand the article.
 * 3) In "Films," even if there were a good reason to directly quote, rather than summarize or place the quote among the footnotes, it shouldn't stand on its own in the middle of the article unless it's a block quote. ✅ Tovojolo 09:41, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * 4) All one-two sentence paragraphs must either be expanded or merged with surrounding paragraphs, as they cannot stand alone. ✅ Tovojolo 09:41, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * 5) Some statements require citations:
 * Paragraphs 2 through 7 of "Films," especially since many of those contain statements that are potentially POV and OR.
 * All of "Theatre," except for the quote that is already cited.
 * All of "Television"
 * Paragraphs 1 and 3 of "Personal life"
 * Sentences 2 and 4 of "Honours" and pretty much everything else below that.
 * 1) "Early life" and "Personal life" should probably be merged, since neither contain enough information to stand on their own. ✅ expanded both so that they stay separate. Tovojolo 00:09, 4 November 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) One sentence cannot support a Level 3 header, never mind a Level 2 header as with "Death." ✅Tovojolo 18:57, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * 3) Reference #2 needs to use a citation template or a similar format.✅Tovojolo 18:57, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

These are just the most pressing concerns — the article as a whole needs a lot of work. As per above, I will be failing the article, rather than putting it on hold. Once these concerns are addressed, it may be renominated. If you feel that this decision is in error, you may take it to WP:GAR. Thank you for your work thus far. Cheers, CP 04:21, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Honours
'''Removed from the article. Please add it back when you have verifiable references. Please see WP:OR and WP:NPOV on why we cannot have it in the article.'''

'''The greatest honour we can do for Deborah Kerr on Wikipedia is to get her article first to GA Status and then to FA Status – we cannot do that with unreferenced data. Thanks, Tovojolo 22:59, 2 November 2007 (UTC)'''

The campaign for a royal honour was begun almost immediately after Deborah Kerr received her Oscar, and was conducted by screenwriter Michael Russnow and Tea and Sympathy playwright and screenwriter Robert Anderson. Initially, they wrote to the Queen and were politely informed by Her Majesty's Private Secretary that the only person the Queen listens to is the Prime Minister. So, they wrote to the PM, and were essentially given bureaucratic thanks, as if to say, "We'll consider her."

Then, after a visit to Scotland, Russnow went up to Helensburgh, Kerr's long documented hometown and seeing the dearth of tributes to her in the town wrote to the Scottish Film Council, which elicited a letter from its retired chairman, David Bruce. One thing led to another and combined with Russnow's film connections generating letters from Daniel Taradash (From Here to Eternity), John Gay (Separate Tables), Larry Gelbart (M*A*S*H TV series and Tootsie), Ernest Lehman (The King and I) and the aforementioned Robert Anderson and the political muscle of Bruce's friend Minister for Film Tom Clarke, notice was taken. It was pointed out that Deborah Kerr after so many years as an illustrious film and stage figure had never been given so much as an MBE let alone the title Dame, which she sorely deserved.

However, the Ceremonial Secretariat, which runs the Honours Program in Britain and which indicates on its website that honours are not normally bestowed for those no longer in service, created a tremendous roadblock. Only by Clarke's intervention and the sense that, whatever the rules, it was absurd to have such a film legend ignored by her government and Queen was restitution made -- though only at the level of CBE (Commander of the British Empire). Russnow wrote to Clarke, thanking him, but wondered if Deborah Kerr did not deserve an honour given to the likes of Diana Rigg, Judi Dench, Helen Mirren and Julie Andrews. Clarke met with Russnow at Parliament and expressed interest, but admitted it would be difficult to get the deed done so soon. Plus, normally, further achievements are fulfilled for elevation to higher honours, such as in the case of Elton John CBE, who was made a knight in later years due to his work fighting AIDS.

Deborah Kerr was now ill and fragile and in no position to act again. The fact that the government had dropped the ball when she was at her height of fame in the fifties and sixties was not her fault. Yet the system was intransigent, despite letters to the editor in the Daily Telegraph, The Independent and the Evening Standard, the latter of which printed Russnow's letter of outrage towards the Ceremonial Secretariat under the banner: "Shame She's No Dame" and a big picture of Deborah and Burt Lancaster on the beach in "From Here to Eternity." However, it was not to be and she unfortunately remained a CBE.

The genesis of this was due to a campaign by screenwriter Michael Russnow, (IMDB) who wrote to numerous film colleagues of Miss Kerr such as Robert Anderson (screenwriter of Tea and Sympathy), Elia Kazan (Director of The Arrangement and Broadway version of Tea and Sympathy), Delbert Mann (director of Separate Tables), Jack Clayton, (director of The Innocents) and Fred Zinnemann, (Director of From Here to Eternity) all of whom wrote Russnow letters of thanks, indicating they had sent on letters to the Academy urging the bestowal of an Oscar to Miss Kerr.

It had taken three years and continued lobbying with Roddy McDowall, who was personally lobbying for his friend Vincent Price. But when Price died, Russnow reminded McDowell again at an industry function, and as he had now been elected a Governor of the Motion Picture Academy, he eloquently championed Deborah Kerr's case, and after his speech one of the other Governors moved that the nominations for other Honorees be closed. And so Deborah finally was awarded her due.

When she went out onstage she seemed hesitant and frail. There were some stunned looks by the audience as she grabbed presenter Glenn Close's arm and almost dropped the statue, during the longest standing ovation of the evening, one that also included tributes to Paul Newman and won Steven Spielberg his first Oscar. As it turned out, when the applause ended and her voice started shaky and unclear, she then put on her glasses and with a burst of energy shouted, "I've never been so frightened in all my life." She brought the house down with laughter. But until then, she just couldn't see where she was going with all the lights around her, and when she gained her bearings she came to life and gave a short, elegant moving address of thanks.

Failing health and move to England
The article leaves open-ended the following: Did she and her husband both move to England to be near her children, or did Kerr move and leave Viertel behind in Switzerland?<IP_ADDRESS> 23:15, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

The article makes it clear that Deborah Kerr alone moved back to England. Her husband stayed on alone in Marbella, Spain. Source is provided in the article.

Tovojolo (talk) 20:45, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

GA review
All of the last review's concerns have been adressed plus every other minors i found i fixed them myself. Thanks for you work :) --- Yamanbaiia (talk) 18:22, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually they haven't because, without even having read my old concerns, I can point out that definitely a)The lead still fails to summarize the article per WP:LEAD (where's information on her film and TV work for example) and b)There are still several one-two sentence paragraphs. Cheers, CP 18:33, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Her most famous films were The King and I, An Affair to Remember and From Here to Eternity. I didn't thought her stage and TV work were worth mentioning. Would this: She also had a career in both stage and television. be good enough?
 * Also, the only short paragraph there is is the "television" section, apparently she didn't have a very prolific career in TV, so, if there's nothing more to say, then obviously the section will be short.
 * You are more experienced than i am CP so if you say fail, then fail it is. -- Yamanbaiia (talk) 18:54, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

Well I don't say fail, as those are minor things. But I suggest that they be fixed before pass, which I guess since it's already passed, it's no big deal. I'll read over the whole article later and see if it's "good enough." Cheers, CP 19:39, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

RE: Stewart Granger/Deborah Kerr Affair
I understand that Mr Granger claimed this happened, in his autobiography, and instead of removing the entire sentence I have changed the word "revealed" to "claimed" in the Personal Life section. As I had pointed out in my reason for editing, it is a claim by ONE man! There is no independent information produced by anybody as yet to back up his claims. Therefore it is only proper to alert the readers of this article that it should only be seen as such. To call it a "revelation" is to call what had alledgedly happened to be true. People can claim anything in their autobiographies. If there is coroberating evidence to support Stewart Granger's claims then by all means provide it in the article. Tabloid-like phrasing that alludes to something that may or may not have happened, does not belong here. WikiphyteMk1 (talk) 07:28, 5 December 2007 (UTC)
 * One version of her reply was "He should be so lucky." Valetude (talk) 13:28, 27 August 2019 (UTC)

Usual pronunciation of Kerr
"the Scottish pronunciation of her surname usually sounds like "care""? (No, it does not! And I am Scottish so I think I should know. It is pronounced as you would the German word 'Herr'.) Possibly the two words sound similar if pronounced by someone with a very strong Received Pronunciation accent, with the rolled "r" sound omitted and the "e" and "a" sounds barely distinguishable, but this sounds nothing like the Scottish pronunciation of Kerr:. Mutt Lunker (talk) 22:44, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

Possible reasons for indifference to Miss Kerr
The Scottish attitude to Deborah has, I think, always been one of cool indifference. If the Scots take a dislike to you, regardless of who you are, they will do so by barely acknowledging your existance, never mind recognize you as one of their own. So why would they dislike Miss Kerr?

Well, there was certainly the issue of her old Scottish surname (comes from a Scottish borders clan). Perhaps they believed, and not without justification, that if she'd been a true Scotswoman, she would have insisted that it be pronounced properly. Then there was that pretentious image of the 'English Rose' which would have gotten up the noses of some diehard Scots; who would have just taken the view, again not unnaturally, that she was just shedding her honest Scottish persona for this phoney manufactured one so typical of the annoyingly affected 'English Lady', in order to endear herself to the 'auld enemy' and possibly even pass herself off as English. It should not be forgotten either that Kerr moved to England very early in her life and, if I'm not mistaken, was indeed half English; these facts would hardly have endeared her to her compatriots either, and would certainly have gone some way in creating the impression that she was not a real Scotswoman. In short, she wasn't somebody you would have readily associated with Scotland; though there was undoubtedly a distinctly Scottish aspect to her features and demeanour, which one might associate with the fine-features of a well-healed, Middle-class Scots lady, a bit prim and proper and probably a school teacher from somewhere like Edinburgh (the actress Hannah Gordon is another typical example; as are some part-Scots such as Greer Garson and Jeanette MacDonald).

As to whether or not she was worthy of any plaudits or titles from the State in recognition of her contribution to the stage and screen, perhaps that should be left to those who are in a better position to judge such things. On a personal level, and I am Scottish, as much as I thought she was a competent actress and did have a memorable screen presence, I can't honestly say I ever thought there was anything particularly outstanding about her -- save for her capacity to pass herself off as an Englishwoman. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:47, 5 January 2012 (UTC)

 * We can speculate all day about this sort of thing. Ultimately, however, it's not relevant to this page, which is for discussion of issues concerning the attached article or ways to make it better.  There are any number of fansites and blogs out there, where your thoughts would be very apposite.  Thank you.  --   Jack of Oz   [your turn]  09:21, 5 January 2012 (UTC)

Sorry, but I thought this was a discussion page, and all I was doing was posing a few possible and plausible theories in the speculative debate over why the subject has not received greater recognition for her work in drama. If I'd known it was just a forum for pointless and repetative sycophantic praise, I surely wouldn't have bothered. But anyway, what exactly is the point to this 'talk' page? If you wish to add authenticated important details about her biography then surely these belong on the attached article. Or will just wee snippets or anecdotes relating to her do? (If so, here's one. A friend when he was a waiter at Turnberry Hotel, had to announce to her in the diningroom that there was a phone call for her. Her response rather than just graceful gratitude, was to haughtily chide him for addressing her as Miss Kerr rather than Miss Carr.) — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:24, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

A subject like this is fine in the discussion area, but has no place in the main article because it's just opinion, hearsay & speculation Given the amount of publicity about how to pronounce her name and that the person asking for her probably pronounced it correctly, it's not too surprising that she corrected your friend. But that she did so in a haughty chiding manner is just hearsay -- SteveCrook (talk) 08:13, 14 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Where's your citation or reference to show that the Scots are cool and indifferent to her?

 * Talk page guidelines start out: The purpose of a Wikipedia talk page ... is to provide space for editors to discuss changes to its associated article or project page. Article talk pages should not be used by editors as platforms for their personal views on a subject. I recommend you read the whole thing.

 * I see it this way: A discussion on this talk page has to relate to something that is in the Deborah Kerr article, or something that someone has suggested be included in the article.  It is not for a general chinwag about what various editors liked or disliked about her life and works, public or private.  It is not for speculation or gossip.  And it is certainly not for "pointless and repetative sycophantic praise".  If you want to have something in the article about the Scottish attitude to her, it would be fine (subject to the views of other editors) to find some cited material from a reputable source about that matter and include it.  It would not be fine to inject one's own personal views, though.  So, there's really no point in airing one's personal views here, because they're never going to get into the article; or, if they do, they'll be quickly edited out by someone else. --   Jack of Oz   [your turn]  09:10, 14 January 2012 (UTC)

 * I have seen the Talk pages also being used to discuss an idea before it is added to the article. But I don't think that this idea could ever be added to the article because it is all just hearsay & speculation -- SteveCrook (talk) 09:47, 14 January 2012 (UTC)

Was Deborah Kerr scottish?
I've just made a few minor edits of the DK page, including correcting her birth name to simply "Deborah Jane Trimmer" - see the Helensburgh article ref. 2 for confirmation. And I've added that she only adopted "Kerr" on becoming a film actress - see Eric Braun's biography, ref. 13, for confirmation.

The story from Braun is that Kerr was the maiden name of the maternal grandmother of her grandfather Arthur Kerr Trimmer (1861-1926). But I've been researching the family history (my mother was a 2nd cousin of DK), and I'm fairly sure the grandmother in question was one Sarah Spendiff (ca. 1791-1877) from Kent. So I don't know where Arthur Kerr Trimmer got the "Kerr" from - maybe a relative, maybe not. If anyone knows, please chip in!

So perhaps her Scottish connection is only that she lived there from birth to age 3, in which case it might be more accurate to refer to her as Scots-born rather than Scottish.

PS She did have Scottish ancestry through her grandmother Mary Jane Dodgin (1864-1961), with whom her family lived after her father's death in 1937. Mary Jane's maternal grandfather was the sea-captain Robert Ellis (1816-94), born in North Leith, and his mother was Christy Mackenzie, born in 1792 on the farm near Tain that is now the Glenmorangie distillery - you can't get much more scottish than that!. But this only contributes 1/16 of Deborah Kerr's ancestry, and it doesn't explain where the name Kerr fits in.

(Dmollison (talk) 13:46, 18 July 2012 (UTC))

personal life
the last sentence is outdated. FoCuSandLeArN (talk) 19:58, 20 July 2012 (UTC)

Deborah Kerr was Scottish-born, not a Scottish Actress
I have edited the article a few times, and mostly the edits have stuck, as I provided specific, factual information which helped to clarify details of her life and significance. Recently, I changed Scottish film, theatre and television actress to Scottish-born, indicating in my reasons that the appellation Scottish actress was not only inaccurate but limiting, as if she were an actress who primarily worked in Scotland. It has been repeatedly removed by someone, who will not reveal his/her name or give a reason, so I have undone the change each time, in the last instance adding the words internationally known, the phrase now reading "Scottish-born internationally known film, theatre and television actress."

This is accurate and descriptive, whereas to announce her at the beginning of the article as a Scottish actress in those fields is patently untrue. Unlike Ingrid Bergman or Greta Garbo, who became international film stars, they were in fact Swedish actresses, also appearing theatrically in their countries, as did Simone Signoret perform in France. Deborah Kerr's career began in England, where her film career blossomed until she was brought to the States by MGM. To my knowledge, she never worked in Scotland, unless perhaps one of her films had scenes shot there or she might have toured in a play when she resumed her stage career. So, to continually reference her as a Scottish actress, presumably and only due to her birth and early childhood there, would be akin to referring to Vivien Leigh as an Indian actress or Olivia de Havilland and Joan Fontaine as Japanese actresses, because that's where these actresses were born. Or perhaps detail Audrey Hepburn as Belgian, though why she's referred to as British in Wikipedia is beyond me. Even if she were a citizen of that country she didn't live there until she was a young woman and was never considered a British actress anymore than Liz Taylor was a British actress, though she was born in London to American parents. Anyway, I do believe that common sense should prevail and, although Wikipedia seems to permit people to continually edit these articles as they wish, there ought to be some oversight by the powers that be over such matters. Andymickey (talk) 07:16, 12 June 2013 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 13:06, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Deborah Kerr


text:
S6 NBC Respirator

The Service Respirator No. 6 (S6), also known as Respirator NBC S6 No. 1 Mark 1 was a protective gas mask issued to the British Armed Forces. It was developed in the 1950s and issued for general service from 1966 to 1986, when it was replaced by the S10. Currently, the S6 is not used by the British military.

It's usually worn in conjunction with the NBC No. 1 Mk III CBRN protective suit.

History
The S6 was developed by the Chemical Defence Experimental Establishment (CDEE) from the 1950s and manufactured by Avon Rubber in Melksham, Wiltshire and the Leyland and Birmingham Rubber Company. Although made obsolete by the introduction of the S10, production of the S6 continued in Turkey after the adoption of the new mask by British forces. During the widely documented Iranian Embassy Siege of 1980, the S6 is the mask seen being worn by SAS troops.

The Turkish military adopted its own version of the S6 in 1990 with the name SR10 under license by MKEK. SR10 and its newer version the SR10-ST with a D12 drinking tube attached.

Design
The S6 respirator provided protection to the face, eyes, lung and throat of the wearer against all known chemical agents of that time. The S6 features an innovative air seal around the inside of the face piece to improve the fit and comfort of the mask; a tap inside the nose cup was to allow the equalisation of pressure inside the air seal, in different climatic conditions.

A left-handed version put the filter canister on the right which allowed left-handed wearers to shoulder, aim and fire their rifle as usual.

Variants

 * S6
 * Original gas mask made in the 1960s-1980s.

 * SR6M
 * Modernised copy of S6 by MKEK MAKSAM.

 * SR10
 * Turkish-made version by MKEK MAKSAM. The SR10-ST is a S6 with a drinking tube.

Users

 * 🇹🇷 Turkey: Known to be used by the Turkish General Directorate of Security.
 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom: British military (Replaced by S10 NBC Respirator).

title: S6 NBC Respirator


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Momtaz Uddin

Momtaz Uddin (February 1946 – 6 June 2003) was a Bangladesh Awami League politician who served as a member of the Jatiya Sangsad representing the Natore-1 constituency. He was the senior vice president of the district Awami League. He was a member of Mukti Bahini in the Bangladesh Liberation war in 1971, commander in chief of Lalpur.

Assassination
On 6 June 2003, local Natore police stated that a band of 10 armed men interrupted Uddin's motorcycle at Darpara on the Goapalpur-Abdulpur Road in Natore and stabbed him to death.

On 13 March 2013, a speedy trial tribunal in Rajshahi sentenced nine people to life in prison for killing Uddin.

title: Momtaz Uddin


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Otrada, Altai Krai

Otrada (Отрада) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Oktyabrsky Selsoviet, Zmeinogorsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 149 as of 2013. There are 2 streets.

Geography
Otrada is located 48 km northwest of Zmeinogorsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Oktyabrsky is the nearest rural locality.

title: Otrada, Altai Krai


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User:Aham srivastava

Aham srivastava.

Date of birth 19/10/2001 Birthplace lucknow u.p Belong in Bahraich u.p 10th pass out. 2k16 12 pass out .2k18 Appearing ➡📘 Bachelor of Computer Application University 🏫➡ ShriRamswaroop Memorial University Lucknow

☺Hobbies➡ writer.computer coding. Traveling. Adventure. singing songs. The Seminar organization. FatherName ➡Mr.Rajesh Srivastava Profession➡ contractor and Politician District President of N.C.P

MotherName ➡Kiran Srivastava She.is➡ Housewife

title: User:Aham srivastava


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Miguel Patiño Velázquez

Miguel Patiño Velázquez (30 September 1938 – 22 September 2019) was a Mexican Roman Catholic bishop.

Patiño Velázquez was born in Mexico and was ordained to the priesthood in 1963. He served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Apatzingán, Mexico, from 1981 to 2014.

title: Miguel Patiño Velázquez


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Talk:Aramis

on actors
How is that the list of actors playing Artemis is loneger than the lists of actors who played Athos and Porthos in the articles about those characters? Did he go solo? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)RKH —Preceding comment was added at 03:15, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

on "In Popular Culture"
The bit about Slumdog Millionaire ruined the movie for me. Is there a spoiler alert? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:18, 10 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aramis


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User:Doodgee

Heyo! I am very excited to be helping out wherever I can! let me know if there are any you want me to check out.

I have recently edited some articles and would like some help with these:

Onggi: rough translation from Korean

title: User:Doodgee


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Cookbook talk:Trout

This module was the featured ingredient on the main Cookbook page from June 1. 2004 - June 19, 2004. Gentgeen 22:43, 16 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Mirc trout do NOT count.

title: Cookbook talk:Trout


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Talk:David Yelland (journalist)

This is really messy and needs lots. Secretlondon 04:27, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on David Yelland (journalist). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091114071359/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23767160-david-yelland-drink-almost-killed-me.do to http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23767160-david-yelland-drink-almost-killed-me.do

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 16:48, 6 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Yelland (journalist)


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Moncks Cave

Moncks Cave is a cave located in Redcliffs, Christchurch, New Zealand. The cave was uncovered by road workers in 1889, and is considered to be one of the greatest archaelogical sites in New Zealand. It is notable for the evidence that it has provided of early Māori occupation.

History
The cave was found in 1889 by workmen who were quarrying for road metal. The workmen cleared and dug through the base of the hill, which led to the discovery of the entrance to the cave. Large amounts of cockle shells were discovered when the cave was opened. The cave was most likely closed by a landslide that occurred before European settlement. The cave showed evidence of previous fires by the amount of charcoal found on the roof.

Artefacts
One artefact found in the cave is a wooden ama, which is also known as an outrigger canoe. It was found in 1889, in the same year as the cave's discovery. Other artefacts discovered include a carved paddle, a canoe bailer, a wooden carving of a dog, fragments of a fishing net, a number of greenstone axe, an amount of black hair and bones of fish and moa, which were found in another cave inside the main one. These artefacts have helped researchers learn about Māori culture. Due to the many artefacts found in the cave, it is considered to be one of the greatest archaeological finds in New Zealand.

Historic place classification
In 2009, the cave was listed by Heritage New Zealand as a category 1 historic place.

title: Moncks Cave


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Falkia

Falkia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Convolvulaceae, native to southern Africa, eastern Africa, and the Arabian Peninsula. They are creeping perennial herbs.

Species
Currently accepted species include:

 * Falkia canescens C.H.Wright
 * Falkia oblonga Bernh.
 * Falkia repens Thunb.

title: Falkia


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Claude Leroy (field hockey)

Claude Roger Victor Leroy (2 October 1935 – 20 April 2004) was a French field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

title: Claude Leroy (field hockey)


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Talk:PHP

It is far more efficient? This really depends on context - it's more efficient inasmuch as the programmer's time is concerned, but it definitely is not when compared to actually loading pages, since PHP files incur an additional server overhead over regular html files. So fix it ;) --John Bessa 18:57, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

Superior to raw HTML???
I have difficulty digesting this statement. PHP, when it comes to web sites themselves, is not mutually exclusive of (X)HTML, and without it, there would be no web. It's hard to swallow the statement that PHP is superior to something that it is dependent upon. It's like comparing apples to oranges. True, PHP can write CGI scripts and other server-level apps, but this completely removes it from the comparison altogether.

Obsidian 13:04, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Ditto ;) --John Bessa 18:49, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

Teaching PHP through Mediawiki
PHP is designed as a users' language, as opposed to Java. Both in my opinion are built on Perl, where Java also takes from Smalltalk (as did Apple and Microsoft, according to Stallman). Whither whence Perl?

Since I could actually use both PHP knowledge and mw experience, it would make sense to me to see PHP taught through a Mediawiki programming class where the mw components are explained as PHP fundamentals.

PHP as EAI, or enterprise application integration
PHP is also in the "EAI" class, or enterprise application and data integration initiatives, so getting the PHP EAI people into the mix to explain how this works would be appropriate.

Research/peer review of PHP website architectures?
Does anyone have any interest in helping to start some sort of research project (for want of a better name) centred around a) descriptions of different possible PHP website architechtures; and b) critiques of these? I think every PHP coder has probably at some point come up with their own way of doing things (they generally then learn more and move on to one of the big standard frameworks, like Zend or a CMS or something), and that there is a lot to be learnt from analysis of these personal designs and other PHP architectures. The architectures/frameworks I'm talking about don't have to be totally general (i.e. a description of the workings of someone's blogging system would be welcome), nor small and personal (why not describe and critique the architecture of Wordpress, for instance?). Anyway, I just thought I'd throw this out there to see if there's any interest and whether it'd be welcome on Wikiversity (perhaps at PHP architectures, with a subpage for each one?). — Sam Wilson ( Talk • Contribs ) … 08:44, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

It's me
Hello. I am a new members of the forums.My name is wangwu. Please take care. I like computer, basketball as well as climbing and reading, interested could get together and communicate with everyone.http://cartierjewelry4u.com/

title: Talk:PHP


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User:Hartvisarts

Hart County High School Home of the Bulldogs

We are the students in the Visual Arts department of Hart County High School. This school is located in a small town in northeast Georgia, USA. Wikiversity has become a wonderful educational tool and resource for us - we hope others will jump on board! We invite you to visit our school's website and an online gallery of our artwork.

title: User:Hartvisarts


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EADS 3 Sigma

EADS 3 Sigma is the name since 2002 (when its majority was acquired by the European EADS Group) of the Greek 3 Sigma aerospace company. It was founded in 1987 with headquarters in Athens and production facilities in Chania, Crete. It has designed, produced and exported a variety of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles - including the Iris, Alkyon, Perseas (also available with single- and twin-jet engines), and 3 Sigma Nearchos types - as well as various electronics; its areas of research and development, in collaboration with Greek Universities, have included engine and remote control technologies.

EADS 3 Sigma announced in November 2012 that the company was in liquidation as it was no longer financially viable to continue its operations. A successor company, ALTUS LSA, was subsequently founded by former 3 Sigma executives.

External links/References

 * L.S. Skartsis, "Greek Vehicle & Machine Manufacturers 1800 to present: A Pictorial History", Marathon (2012) ISBN 978-960-93-4452-4 (eBook)
 * https://web.archive.org/web/20091212070405/http://www.eads-3sigma.gr/
 * Article about ALTUS LSA, successor company (in Greek)

title: EADS 3 Sigma


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Talk:Michael McMillian

Birth Place
Several sources indicate that Michael was born in Olathe, KS, while others say he was born in Colorado Springs, CO. Are there sources linking him to Colorado Springs? If so, maybe they should be looked at a second time. Madd0817 (talk) 00:41, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Michael McMillian


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Yagodny, Altai Krai

Yagodny (Ягодный) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Pevomaysky Selsoviet, Biysky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 174 as of 2013. There are 5 streets.

Geography
Yagodny is located 14 km north of Biysk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pervomayskoye is the nearest rural locality.

title: Yagodny, Altai Krai


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Union des femmes pour la défense de Paris et les soins aux blessés

Union des femmes pour la défense de Paris et les soins aux blessés (Women's Union to Defend Paris and Care for the Wounded) was a women's group during the 1871 Paris Commune. The union organized working women, ensured a market and fair pay for their work, and participated in the defence of Paris against the troops of the Third Republic, particularly at Place Blanche.

History
It was founded by Elisabeth Dmitrieff on 11 April 1871 in the Larched room (79 Temple Road) in the 10th arrondissement, Dmitrieff, who had been sent to Paris from London by Karl Marx as a representative of the First International, was a member of the central committee and remained general secretary of the Union's executive committee, the only non-elected and non-revocable post of the organization. The executive committee was made of seven members. About 130 served in the union's central committee. Actual membership is estimated as being a thousand or more.

In April 1871, the group issued a call to Parisian women to form committees in each arrondissement for a collaborative women's movement in Paris's defense.

In early May, the women's union issued a manifesto calling equal treatment of gender, in line with the Commune's annulment of privileges and inequalities. The union also petitioned the Commune's economic director, Léo Frankel, for work for women. He recommended organizing workshops for women to work at home, to be designed by the women's union. The group investigated the needs of unemployed women and created cooperative workshops. It did not designate roles based on trades but centralized the distribution of orders for women to complete and return to the workshop for delivery. This system differed from the piece-work originally proposed by Commune officials, which would have preserved the order of women staying at home and previous style of labor. The union, instead, organized free producer associations to share out communal profits. They supported variety within trade work, elimination of gendered competition, reduced work hours, and equal pay for equal work.

The Commune's Committee of Public Safety had outlawed women on the battlefield on May 1, but the Union remained committed to its militancy. When a widely published statement attributed to "the women of Paris" appeared later in May, calling for "peace at any price", the Union responded with a manifesto that asserted, "it is not peace, but all-out war that the working women of Paris claim! Today conciliation would be treason! ... The women of Paris will prove to France and to the world that they will also know, at the moment of supreme danger—on the barricades, on the ramparts of Paris, if the reactionaries force the gates—to give as their brothers their blood and their life for the defense and triumph of the Commune, that is to say the people!"

Executive committee

 * Elisabeth Dmitrieff, general secretary
 * Nathalie Lemel
 * Aline Jacquier
 * Blanche Lefebvre
 * Marie Leloup
 * Aglaë Jarry
 * Madame Collin
 * Adèle Gauvain (or Gauvin)

Committee leaders by arrondissement

 * 1) Anne Maillet, seamstress
 * 2) (none)
 * 3) Marquant, mechanic
 * 4) Angelina Sabatier, hatter
 * 5) Victorine Pievaux, chamareuse
 * 6) Nathalie Lemel, bookbinder
 * 7) Octavie Vataire, laundress (lingère)
 * 8) Marie Picot, unknown
 * 9) Bessaiche, seamstress
 * 10) Blanche Lefebvre, laundress (blanchisseuse)
 * 11) Marie Leloup, seamstress
 * 12) Foret, seamstress
 * 13) Chantraile, no profession
 * 14) Rivière, waistcoat-maker (giletière)
 * 15) (none)
 * 16) Aline Jacquier, waistcoat-maker (giletière)
 * 17) Aglaë Jarry, no profession
 * 18) Blondeau, gold-polisher
 * 19) Jeanne Musset, seamstress
 * 20) Adèle Gauvain, cardboard-maker (cartonnière)

Other members

 * Adélaïde Valentin, delegate to the Central Provisional Committee
 * Marie Chiffon, ambulance nurse
 * Octavie Tardiff, member
 * Victorine Gorget, member
 * Noémie Colleville, Sophie Graix, Joséphine Prat, Céline Delvainquier, Aimée Delvainquier


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Talk:General Chemistry/Ionic bonding

A couple of images you may want to pinch here ionic bond Theresa knott 15:27, 11 May 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:General Chemistry/Ionic bonding


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Biochemistry/Carbohydrates

Introduction
"Carbohydrates" are chemically defined as "polyhydroxy aldehyde or polyhydroxy ketones or complex substances which on hydrolysis yield polyhydroxy aldehyde or polyhydroxy ketone." Carbohydrates are one of the fundamental classes of macromolecules found in biology. Carbohydrates are commonly found in most organisms, and play important roles in organism structure, and are a primary energy source for animals and plants. Most carbohydrates are sugars or composed mainly of sugars. By far, the most common carbohydrate found in nature is glucose, which plays a major role in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Some carbohydrates are for structural purposes, such as cellulose (which composes plants' cell walls) and chitin (a major component of insect exoskeletons). However, the majority of carbohydrates are used for energy purposes, especially in animals. Carbohydrates are made up of a 1:2:1 ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (CH2O)n

Simple Carbohydrates (Monosaccharides)
These are used only for energy in living organisms. Simple carbohydrates are also known as "Monosaccharides".The chemical formula for all the monosaccharides is CnH2nOn. They are all structural isomers of each other. There are two main types of monosaccharides. The first type are aldoses, containing an aldehyde on the first carbon, and the second type are ketoses, which have a ketone on the second carbon (This carbonyl group is always located on the second carbon). Name           Formula            Aldoses                Ketoses Trioses        C3 H6 O3           Glycerose              Dihydroxyacetone Tetroses       C4 H8 O4         Erythrose              Erythrulose Pentoses       C5 H10 O5          Ribose                 Ribulose Hexoses        C6 H12 O6          Glucose                Fructose Heptose        C7 H14 O7          Glucoheptose           Sedoheptulose The suffix -oses is kept for the aldoses & the suffix -uloses is kept for the ketoses except fructose. Ketoses are as common as aldoses. The most abundant monosaccharide in nature is the 6-Carbon sugar -i.e.D-Glucose. All aldoses are reducing sugars. Many ketoses are also considered reducing sugars because they can isomerise to aldoses.

Monomers
There are two main forms of monomers, aldoses and ketoses, of which, all have the same backbone. The simplest form of monomers are trioses. The trioses consist of three carbons in the backbone.

Fructose
Fructose is a ketohexose with the molecular formula of C6H12O6 ; which is same as the molecular formula of Glucose but different structure. The structure of fructose differs from glucose at carbon 1 and 2 by the location of the carbonyl group. Fructose is the sweetest naturally occurring sugar. Fructose is also called levulose and fruit sugar; fructose is also found in fruits, root vegetables(such as sweet potato and onion) and honey. It is a isomer of glucose and a ketose simple sugar. Fructose has the highest solubility among all sugars. Fructose can be converted to its isomer glucose, after it enters the blood stream. CH2OH C=O OH-C-H

H-C-OH

H-C-OH

CH2OH

Glucose
The hexoses glucose, galactose, and fructose are important monosaccharides. Glucose is the most prevalent monosaccharide in diet. The most common hexose, D-glucose, C6H12O6 also known as dextrose and blood sugar, is found in fruits, vegetables, corn syrup, and honey. Glucose is a building block of the disaccharides(sucrose,maltose,lactose) and polysaccharides (glycogen,cellulose,starch). In the body, excess glucose is converted to glycogen and then stored in the muscle and liver.

CHO

H-C-OH

OH-C-H

H-C-OH

H-C-OH

CH2OH

Galactose
Galactose is a sugar component of the disaccharide lactose, as found in milk. It is not as sweet as glucose and is separated from the glucose in lactose via hydrolysis.In addition, galactose is an aldohexose that does not occur in the free form in nature; galactose has an important role in the cellular membrane of the brain and nervous system. D-galactose has a structure similar to D-glucose and the only difference between them is in the arrangement of the –OH group on carbon number 4. Galactose can be found in human breast milk and is incorporated into the structure of Human Milk Oligosaccharides. The backbone of Human Milk Oligosaccharides is the disaccharide lactose, which is formed by the linkage between galactose and glucose sugars..

Oligosachharides Tha oligosachharides yields 2 to 10 monosachharides on hydrolysis. Disachharides are most common oligosachharide found in nature.

Disaccharides
Monosaccharides are simple forms of sugars consisting of one sugar, disaccharides on the other hand, consists of two. The two sugars are bonded together via a glycosidic bond. Most linkages between sugars occur between the first and fourth carbon on the sugars.

Polysaccharides
Sugars do not stop at disaccharides, they are much more complex than that. Multiple sugars are linked together forming many polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are made up of monosaccharides linked together.

Compound Carbohydrates (Disaccharides)
These are used by living organisms for energy. They are composed of two monosaccharides joined together by the process known as dehydration synthesis. In this process, one molecule loses one hydrogen atom, while the other loses one hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom. The reverse of this is hydrolysis, where water is added to break down a molecule into two or more simpler molecules. Disaccharides have the chemical equation C12H22O11. The reason it does not follow the 1:2:1 ratio is, obviously, due to the H2O taken way from it. Some examples of disaccharides are: Disachharides

Non reducing                       reducing

C1-C1 glycosidic    C1-C2 glycosidic          C1-C4 glycosidic    C1-C6 glycosidic linkage             linkage                   linkage             linkage Trehalose           Sucrose                    Lactose             Gentiobiose Maltose            Melibiose Cellobiose         Isomaltose

Maltose
Maltose is a white crystal sugar, also known as malt sugar and a reducing disaccharide                               made from two glucose units. The bonding of two glucose units is called 1-4 glycosidic linkage which joins the carbon number 1 of one glucose to carbon number 4 of the second glucose.In the presence of enzyme maltase,1-4 linkage of two glucose is broken down and maltose is hydrolized into glucose Maltose is present in sprouting barley. It is the major product of hydrolysis of starch.
 * 1) Chemistry-
 * 1) occurrence-

Sucrose
3Occurrence- It is the costituent of sugarcane. it is also found in Beet,carrot, etc. Nectar of flower is particularly rich in sucrose. 3Chemistry- Sucrose is white crystal sugar.When heated above its melting point it forms a brown substance known as "Caramel". it is non reducing sugar. Sucrose is formed by the C1-C2 glucosidic bond between glucose & fructose. Sucrose on hydrolysis yield equimolar mixture of glucose & fructose which is offen called as "invert sugar" by the "enzyme".

Lactose
3 Occurrence- It is found in milk of animal. It is also "Milk sugar". The percentage of lactose in human milk is 6.8 % & in cow milk is 4.8 % 3 Chemistry- Lactose is made by the C1-C4 glycosidic bond between galactose & glucose. The hydrolysis of Lactose gives the monosacchride: glucose + glactose by the enzyme lactase. Lactose can be a reducing sugar.

Complex Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides)
Polysaccharides, also called as glycanes, are high molecular weight which on hydrolysis yield monosaccharides. Some sources of complex carbohydrates are pasta, bread, rice, cereals, crackers, corn, beans, potatoes, pumpkin, and peas. Digestion of complex carbohydrates could take more time because digestive enzyme have to work harder to break down the chain into individual sugars. Complex carbohydrates contain hundreds of sugar units. Studies show that glucose levels both rise and fall more slowly after the consumption of bread compared to sugars or fruit, suggesting slower digestion. Both monosaccharides and disaccharides are used only for energy. Another difference is that while monosaccharides and disaccharides can be used for energy immediately, polysaccharides release their energy slowly. Research shows that the carbohydrate oxidation rate rises more slowly after the consumption of bread rather than sucrose following an overnight fast. The carbohydrate oxidation rate is also lower over a six-hour period following the consumption of bread in lieu of sucrose. Chemically, the polysaccharide may be distinguished into homopolysachharide & heteropolysachharide. Homopolysachharides which on hydrolysis yield only single monosachharide. Eg. starch, cellulose, etc. Hateropolysachharide which on hydrolysis yield two or more monosaccharide. Eg. heparin, chondroitin, etc. POLYSACHHARIDE Homopolysachharide             Heteropolysachharide Starch                         Mucopolysachharids Glucogen                       Chondroitin Inulin                         Hyaluronic acid Cellulose                      Keratosulfate Pectin                         Heparin Chitin                         Vegetable gum Xylan                          Agar agar polysachharide may be classified on the basis of functional aspect as Nutritive & Structural. Nutritive- starch,glycogen,inulin etc. Structural- cellulose,chitin,pectin,etc.

Cellulose (Fiber)
Cellulose is a special kind of carbohydrate. It is insoluble and most organisms can not produce enzymes to break it down. It is made by β-D-glucose. It is found only in plants, and it's found in the cell wall. It is composed of β glucose molecules, which create a more rigid structure. Cotton used to make clothes etc. is cellulose from around the seeds of the cotton plant. Fibre helps the plant keep a strong structure. Humans can't digest fibre.it gives no color with iodine.It is completely absent in meat, egg, fish & milk.

Starch
Starch is the energy storage molecule of plants.It is formed by long chains of α glucose molecules linked together. It is mostly found in potato. Starch is actually a mixture of 2 types of molecules, amylose and amylopectin. These large polysaccharides are very good for energy storage because they have lots of glucose molecules crammed into a small space which can then be easily broken off, one at a time, by hydrolysis and then used for energy. It is hydrolysed by enzyme Amylase.It is non reducinh sugar. It gives blue, purple colour with iodine

Glycogen
Glycogen is the energy storage molecule of animals. It is formed by branched chains of alpha glucose molecules with 1-4 glycosidic bonds on the main chains and 1-6 glycosidic bonds to form the branches. Humans store small amounts of glycogen in the liver and muscles. It is created when there are high blood sugar levels. The pancreas secretes insulin, which stimulates the creation of glycogen from glucose and signals the body to use glucose as its main form of energy. It is non reducing sugar. It gives red colour with iodine.

title: Biochemistry/Carbohydrates


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User:Hut 8.5/Portal deletions

Pages in the Portal namespace deleted under WP:CSD and WP:CSD in 2011.

List

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 * 2011-05 : Portal:Scott Lamoureux - P1: PORTAL PAGE THAT WOULD BE CSD A7'D AS AN ARTICLE
 * 2011-06 : Portal:Kent/Selected picture/28 - P1: PORTAL PAGE THAT WOULD BE [[WP:CSD#NO CONTNET. THIS IS A SUBPAGE IN A SERIES. THE OTHER PAGES ARE FINE BUT THIS ONE IS BLANK. (FULL DISCLOSURE, I BLANKED IT BECAUSE IT WAS BEING INADVERTANTLY MISUSED.)|CSD NO CONTNET. THIS IS A
 * 2011-06 : Portal:Confederate States of America - CSD P1: PORTAL PAGE THAT WOULD BE SUBJECT TO SPEEDY DELETION AS AN ARTICLE (NO CONTENT)
 * 2011-06 : Portal:Ras al-Khaimah - P1: PORTAL PAGE THAT WOULD BE SUBJECT TO SPEEDY DELETION AS AN ARTICLE: WIKIPEDIA:MISCELLANY FOR DELETION/PORTAL:RAS AL-KHAIMAH
 * 2011-06 : Portal:Western Region (Ghana) - P1: PORTAL PAGE THAT WOULD BE SUBJECT TO SPEEDY DELETION AS AN ARTICLE: A3: ARTICLE HAS NO MEANINGFUL, SUBSTANTIVE CONTENT
 * 2011-06 : Portal:Web Development - P1: PORTAL PAGE THAT WOULD BE SUBJECT TO SPEEDY DELETION AS AN ARTICLE: A3: ARTICLE HAS NO MEANINGFUL, SUBSTANTIVE CONTENT
 * 2011-08 : Portal:FHong Kong football/Selected biography/Layout - P1: PORTAL PAGE THAT WOULD BE SUBJECT TO SPEEDY DELETION AS AN ARTICLE: PAGE HAS NO OBVIOUS USE, AND SINCE PORTAL:HONG KONG FOOTBALL HAS BEEN MOVED TO USER:FABREGAS0414'S USERSPACE, THIS PAGE APPEARS TO NOW BE REDUNDANT.
 * 2011-09 : Portal:Steam Locomotives - P1: PORTAL PAGE THAT WOULD BE SUBJECT TO SPEEDY DELETION AS AN ARTICLE: WIKIPEDIA:MISCELLANY FOR DELETION/PORTAL:STEAM LOCOMOTIVES
 * 2011-09 : Portal:Roblox - P2: PORTAL WITHOUT A SUBSTANTIAL TOPIC BASE
 * 2011-10 : Portal:Natib Qadish - P2: PORTAL WITHOUT A SUBSTANTIAL TOPIC BASE
 * 2011-11 : Portal:Dragons - P1: PORTAL PAGE THAT WOULD BE SUBJECT TO SPEEDY DELETION AS AN ARTICLE: DUPLICATES CONTENT FROM DRAGON.
 * 2011-11 : Portal:Baroque period - P1: PORTAL PAGE THAT WOULD BE SUBJECT TO SPEEDY DELETION AS AN ARTICLE: DUPLICATES CONTENT FROM BAROQUE; OTHERWISE EMPTY
 * 2011-11 : Portal:Somaliland - P2: PORTAL WITHOUT A SUBSTANTIAL TOPIC BASE (TW)
 * 2011-12 : Portal:Uncyclopedia - P2: PORTAL WITHOUT A SUBSTANTIAL TOPIC BASE

title: User:Hut 8.5/Portal deletions


text:
User:Iman0613

Hi! My name is Iman. I am originally from Hong Kong but I immigrated to the US in 2002. I know Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese, English, Spanish and Afrikaans/Dutch. Feel free to ask me whenever you have questions regarding these 5 languages!

title: User:Iman0613


text:
User:Axis Mundi

The Japanese language is a complex and beautiful language which is daunting to say the least if you want to learn it. I have been studying the language for three years and am interested in helping to build online language learing tools. I am also interested in helping beginners with any questions they may have. Let me know if I may be of any help.

title: User:Axis Mundi