text:
Talk:David Malet Armstrong

Bio
At the JSTOR copy of the book written in his "honour" (he is Australian, after all, and Cambridge U Press is the publisher), there is a 4-pg bio that surely could be used as a source for making his article more than a bibliography. (BTW, a significant minority of Web citations have "on the philosophy of" rather than "in honour of"; is this abt a 2nd edition? a US edition?) --Jerzy•t 17:15, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

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References to this page
This page has been referenced in a couple of places.

 * The mind-body problem Down Under, ABC Radio National
 * The Structure of Being, reading list for a course at the University of Edinburgh
 * The Structure of Being, reading list for a course at the University of Edinburgh

Which is nice. —Tom Morris (talk) 15:59, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Malet Armstrong


text:
User:Abhisheksingh95

Abhishek may refer to:

 * Abhishek, as one of several transliterations of the Sanskrit term for rite or ritual
 * Abhishek (given name)
 * Abhishek singh, a village in lagma district, samastipur (bihar)

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Abhisheksingh95


text:
Talk:David Bennent

Citizenship: Not Swiss.
Where is the proof for his being a Swiss citizen? He is a German actor living in Switzerland. Until now, there has never been any publication stating that he applied for Swiss citizenship which he would never get automatically by just being born in Switzerland nor by just living there for a certain time. His father is German, his mother is French. For French citizenship, he would have to be born on French soil. For Swiss citizenship, he would have to stem from Swiss parents. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2003:45:4904:DFAC:7972:2DFC:9E4F:A5DE (talk) 22:18, 13 April 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Bennent


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rotsachtige kust van Zuid-Java met de grotten van Karang Bolong

The result was delete.  Sandstein  07:44, 24 August 2020 (UTC)

Rotsachtige kust van Zuid-Java met de grotten van Karang Bolong

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

None of the sources mention this painting. Van der Does' work appears at auctions occasionally, with estimates ranging from €700 to €2000. This particular work was, and is again, in a private collection. It has no exhibition history, and has not been written about (except here). Vexations (talk) 11:18, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Visual arts-related deletion discussions. Shellwood (talk) 11:22, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much for your consideration! :), you are correct that perhaps Van der Does is maybe not even close to such artist like Rembrandt, and his works do appeared at certain times (but not many, around only 8-12 pieces every year (publicly known auctions)). I would like to make a statement that I do not make this page as a "promotional" matter, rather as a knowledge panel and page for public to understand and learn and perhaps appreciate :). Perhaps in your surroundings, the artist is rather unknown or even unappreciated, but in Asia (Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, ect.) and even in some major countries in Europe (Netherlands, Austria, Germany, ect.), the Artist is highly regarded as one of the masters together with Gerard Pieter Adolfs, Charles Sayers, and other European artists in the (former) East Indies. In therms of his importance in the art market, his works also made a record in the "Mooi Indie" movement genre, which was sold for more than $ 50.000 (In the Asian countries his works are highly in demand with an estimate starting over $ 3.000 and up). I do understand your worries (as you are a senior editor, an expert!) but I do not expect a deletion for this matter, because, again, this is a page that I hope people could appreciate more and more, and perhaps who knows! people could expand and insert further information and could put a smile when seeing it :). In my opinion a page of an artwork or artist should be expanded not being blocked, because it is a "Public place and everyone can contribute, no such person is perfect". I am hoping that you could understand ang give it a chance for it will be shared to the public as a very tiny part of our life's history. Thank you very much for your time and consideration! very much appreciate your thoughts... -- Hendricolucky (talk 11:38, 22 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom, it's not on nl.wikipedia --Devokewater @ 08:29, 17 August 2020 (UTC)
 * And? Not being on the Wikipedia of the appropriate language is not an indicator of non-notability. Wikipedia is a work in progress. -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:13, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete I cannot find sources in a search. the article sources are poor; one of them is an auction house. There are perhaps other AfD candidates in the gallery for Willem Jan Pieter van der Does.ThatMontrealIP (talk) 14:52, 19 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Se also Articles_for_deletion/Maanlicht_over_de_Javaanse_rijstvelden ThatMontrealIP (talk) 18:01, 21 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Hello and greetings! Thank you very much for all of your time in guiding me through this matter... I am a very young editor, a junior of course! who really want to explore and share my research to the public (all of the information in the Wikipedia page all came from my research and conversation with other art authors), I know and realize that this page that I started is not perfect in any ways, but I would like to assure you that every information that I got is very reliable... perhaps only, I could not properly write on Wikipedia what's in my mind :) I also realize that there are one other page in being mentioned. Again it is not perfect, and it is normal for you as a senior editor could be worried (AfD matter), but what I'm really hoping is that perhaps it should be there for anyone to see, not being deleted (I would be much more happy if you could give me a chance and help me to improve it), it is not perfect, but trust me that these article that I already made changed a lot of stories, I saw it with my own eyes that because of this articles and the help of some other editors that helped me, lots of auction houses, collectors, institute, and even museums! have a much bigger interest in the genre and the history, it is a great gap and a great progress!. I am certainly not an expert in the Wikipedia world, but I tried my best in giving others ehat I knew and what I hoped for!, and until now it worked and it changed the views of the art world... Thank you very much for your time and understanding, hope you would give people a chance to express his/hers ideas and knowledge! All my best to you! -- Hendricolucky (talk) 11:00, 22 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Merge into the article on the artist is another possibility, as long as his notability can be verified by the sourcing. Netherzone (talk) 13:21, 22 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom, None of the sources mention this painting. is both accurate and damning. Search results are Wikipedia mirrors.  I don't see enough proof of existence to even justify a redirect to the painter. power~enwiki ( π,  ν ) 02:55, 23 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
Helene Duhamel

Helene Duhamel (born 1962) is an American politician and journalist serving as a member of the South Dakota Senate from the 32nd district.

Early life and education
A native of Rapid City, South Dakota, attended St. Martin's Academy. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in communication and international relations from Stanford University in 1984.

Career
After graduating from college, she worked as a news anchor for KDUH in Scottsbluff, Nebraska. In 1989, she returned to Rapid City.

Duhamel was appointed to the Senate by Governor Kristi Noem in 2019 to fill the vacancy left by Alan Solano. Duhamel had previously served as a television news anchor for KOTA-TV and as the public information office for the Pennington County Sheriff’s Office.

Electoral history
In 2020, Duhamel ran for re-election to the South Dakota State Senate to represent District 32; she was unopposed in the Republican primary. Duhamel beat Democratic challenger Michael Calabrese by 64% to 36%. Calabrese was a small business owner and served on the Rapid City Board of Parks and Recreation.

2020 Legislative Session
After her appointment to the State Senate, Duhamel represented District 32 during the 2020 South Dakota Legislative Session. Duhamel also served on the Local Government Interim Committee and as the Vice Chair of the Health and Human Services Interim Committee. In 2020, all four pieces of legislation that Duhamel prime sponsored were passed into law and signed by the Governor Kristi Noem.

title: Helene Duhamel


text:
Talk:David Fulcher

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot (talk) 18:40, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:David Fulcher


text:
High School Mathematics Extensions/Counting and Generating Functions

Before we begin: This chapter assumes knowledge of
 * 1) Ordered selection (permutation) and unordered selection (combination) covered in Basic counting,
 * 2) Method of Partial Fractions and,
 * 3) Competence in manipulating Summation Signs

Some Counting Problems
..more to come

Generating functions
..some motivation to be written

To understand this section you need to see why this is true:

 * $$ \lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{x^2 + x}{x^2} = 1 + \lim_{x \to \infty}\frac{ 1}{x} = 1$$

For a more detailed discussion of the above, head to Infinity and infinite processes.

Generating functions, otherwise known as Formal Power Series, are useful for solving problems like:
 * $$x_1 + x_2 + 2x_3 = m$$

where
 * $$ x_n \ge 0$$; n = 1, 2, 3

how many unique solutions are there if $$m = 55$$?

Before we tackle that problem, let's consider the infinite polynomial:
 * $$S = 1 + x + x^2 + x^3 + ... + x^n + x^{n+1}... $$

We want to obtain a closed form of this infinite polynomial. The closed form is simply a way of expressing the polynomial so that it involves only a finite number of operations.

To find the closed form  we starting with our function:

$$S = 1 + x + x^2 + x^3 + ... $$

We multiply both sides of the function by x to get: $$ xS = x + x^2 + x^3 + ... $$

Next we subtract S-xS to get

S - xS = 1 + x + x^2 + x^3 ... - x - x^2 - x^3 ...

Grouping like terms we get

(1 - x)S = 1 + (x - x) + (x^2 - x^2) + (x^3 - x^3)

Which simplifies to

(1 - x)S = 1

Dividing both sides by $$\frac{1}{1 - x}$$ we get $$ S = \frac{1}{1 - x} $$

So the closed form of
 * 1 + x + x2 + x3 + ...

is

\frac{1}{1 - x} $$

For convenience we can write, although this isn't true for any particular value of x.

1 + x + x^2 + x^3 + ... = \frac{1}{1 - x} \ ; \ -1 < x < 1 $$

info - Infinite sums
 The two expressions are not equal. It's just that for certain values of x (-1 < x < 1), we can approximate the right hand side as closely as possible by adding up a large number of terms on the left hand side. For example, suppose x = 1/2, RHS = 2; we approximate the LHS using only 5 terms we get LHS equals 1 + 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 = 1.9375, which is close to 2, as you can imagine by adding more and more terms, we will get closer and closer to 2.

Anyway we really only care about its nice algebraic properties, not its numerical value. From now on we will omit the condition for equality to be true when writing out generating functions.

Consider a more general case:

S = A + ABx + AB^2x^2 + AB^3x^3 + ... $$ where A and B are constants.

We can derive the closed-form as follows:

\begin{matrix} S &=& A + &ABx + AB^2x^2 + AB^3x^3 + ... \\ BxS &=& &ABx + AB^2x^2 + AB^3x^3 + ... \\ \\ (1 - Bx)S &=& A \\ S &=& \frac{A}{1 - Bx} \end{matrix} $$

The following identity as derived above is worth investing time and effort memorising.

A + ABx + AB^2x^2 + AB^3x^3 + ... = \frac{A}{1 - Bx} $$

Exercises
1. Find the closed-form:
 * (a)$$ 1 - z + z^2 - z^3 + z^4 - z^5 + ... $$

 * (b)$$ 1 + 2z + 4z^2 + 8z^3 + 16z^4 + 32z^5 + ... $$

 * (c)$$ z + z^2 + z^3 + z^4 + z^5 + ... $$

 * (d)$$ 3 - 4z + 4z^2 - 4z^3 + 4z^4 - 4z^5 + ... $$

 * (e)$$ 1 - z^2 + z^4 - z^6 + z^8 - z^{10} + ... $$

2. Given the closed-form, find a function f(n) for the coefficients of xn:
 * (a)$$\frac{1}{1 + z} $$ (Hint: note the plus sign in the denominator)

 * (b)$$\frac{1}{1 - 2z} $$ (Hint: substitute A=1 and B=2 into $$\frac{A}{1 - Bz} $$)

 * (c)$$\frac{z}{1 - z} $$ (Hint: multiply all the terms in $$\frac{1}{1 - z} $$ by z)

Method of Substitution
We are given that:
 * 1 + z + z2 + ... = 1/(1 - z)

and we can obtain many other generating functions by substitution. For example: letting z = x2 we have:
 * 1 + x2 + x4 + ... = 1/(1 - x2)

Similarly
 * A + ABx + A(Bx)2 + ... = A/(1 - Bx)

is obtained by letting z = Bx then multiplying the whole expression by A.

Exercises
1. What are the coefficients of the powers of x:
 * 1/(1 - 2x3)

2. What are the coefficients of the powers of x (Hint: take out a factor of 1/2):
 * 1/(2 - x)

Linear Recurrence Relations
The Fibonacci series
 * 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55...

where each and every number, except the first two, is the sum of the two preceding numbers. We say the numbers are related if the value a number takes depends on the values that come before it in the sequence. The Fibonacci sequence is an example of a recurrence relation, it is expressed as:

\begin{matrix} x_n &=& x_{n-1} &+& \ x_{n - 2}; \ \mbox{for n} \ge 2\\ x_0 &=& 1\\ x_1 &=& 1\\ \end{matrix} $$ where xn is the (n+ 1)th number in the sequence. Note that the first number in the sequence is denoted x0. Given this recurrence relation, the question we want to ask is "can we find a formula for the (n+1)th number in the sequence?". The answer is yes, but before we come to that, let's look at some examples.

Example 1
The expressions

\begin{matrix} x_n &=& 2x_{n-1}& + &3x_{n-2}; \ \mbox{for n} \ge 2\\ x_0 &=& 1\\ x_1 &=& 1 \end{matrix} $$ define a recurrence relation. The sequence is: 1, 1, 5, 13, 41, 121, 365... Find a formula for the (n+1)th number in the sequence.

Solution Let G(z) be generating function of the sequence, meaning the coefficient of each power (in ascending order) is the corresponding number in the sequence. So the generating functions looks like this

G(z) = 1 + z + 5z^2 + 13z^3 + 41z^4 + 121z^5 + ... $$ Now, by a series of algebraic manipulations, we can find the closed form of the generating function and from that the formula for each coefficient

\begin{matrix} & &G(z)   & = &x_0 + &x_1z  + &x_2z^2  &+ &x_3z^3 + x_4z^4 + x_5z^5 + ...\\ 2z&\times &G(z) & = &      &2x_0z + &2x_1z^2 &+ &...\\ 3z^2&\times &G(z)& = &     &        &3x_0z^2 &+ &...\\ \end{matrix} $$

\begin{matrix} G(z) - 2zG(z) - 3z^2G(z) &=& x_0 + (x_1 - 2x_0)z   & + \\ & & (x_2 - 2x_1 - 3x_0)z^2 & + \\ & & (x_3 - 2x_2 - 3x_1)z^3 & + &... \end{matrix} $$ by definition xn - 2xn - 1 - 3xn - 2 = 0

\begin{matrix} (1 - 2z - 3z^2)& \times & G(z)& =& x_0 + (x_1 - 2x_0)z\\ \\              &        & G(z)& =& \frac {1 - z} {1 - 2z - 3z^2}\\ \\              &        & G(z)& =& \frac {1 - z} {(1 - 3z)(1 + z)} \end{matrix} $$ by the method of partial fractions we get:

G(z) = \frac {1} {2} \times \frac {1} {1 - 3z} + \frac {1} {2} \times \frac {1} {1 + z} $$ each part of the sum is in a recognisable closed-form. We can conclude that:

x_n = \frac {1} {2} \times 3^n + \frac {1} {2} \times (-1)^n $$ the reader can easily check the accuracy of the formula.

Example 2

\begin{matrix} x_n &=& x_{n-1} &+& x_{n-2}& -& x_{n-3}; \ \mbox{for n} \ge 3\\ x_0 &=& 1 \\ x_1 &=& 1 \\ x_2 &=& 1 \end{matrix} $$ Find a non-recurrent formula for xn.

Solution Let G(z) be the generating function of the sequence described above.
 * $$G(z) = x_0 + x_1z + x_2z^2 + ...$$

\begin{matrix} G(z)(1 - z - z^2 + z^3) &=& x_0 &+& (x_1 - x_0)z + (x_2 - x_1 - x_0)z^2\\ G(z)(1 - z - z^2 + z^3) &=& 1 - z^2\\ \\ \end{matrix} $$

\begin{matrix} G(z) &=& \frac{1 - z^2}{1 - z - z^2 + z^3}\\ \\ G(z) &=& \frac{1 - z}{1 - 2z + z^2}\\ \\ G(z) &=& \frac{1} {1 - z} \end{matrix} $$ Therefore xn = 1, for all n.

Example 3
A linear recurrence relation is defined by:

\begin{matrix} x_n &=& x_{n-1}& + & 6x_{n-2} + 1; \ \mbox{for n} \ge 2\\ x_0 &=& 1\\ x_1 &=& 1\\ \end{matrix} $$ Find the general formula for xn.

Solution Let G(z) be the generating function of the recurrence relation.
 * $$G(z)(1 - z - 6z^2) = x_0 +  (x_1 - x_0)z + (x_2 - x_1 - 6x_0)z^2  +...$$
 * $$G(z)(1 - z - 6z^2) = 1   +  z^2  + z^3   + z^4 + ...$$
 * $$G(z)(1 - z - 6z^2) = 1   +  z^2(1 + z  +  z^2 + ...)$$
 * $$G(z)(1 - z - 6z^2) = 1   +  \frac{z^2}{1 - z}$$
 * $$G(z)(1 - z - 6z^2) = \frac{1 - z + z^2}{1 - z}$$

\begin{matrix} G(z) &=& \frac{1 - z + z^2}{(1 - z)(1 + 2z)(1 - 3z)}\\ G(z) &=& -\frac{1}{6(1-z)} + \frac{7}{15(1 + 2z)} + \frac{7}{10(1-3z)} \end{matrix} $$

Therefore
 * $$ x_n = -\frac{1}{6} + \frac{7}{15}(-2)^n + \frac{7}{10}3^n$$

Exercises
1. Derive the formula for the (n+1)th numbers in the sequence defined by the linear recurrence relations:

\begin{matrix} x_n &=& 2x_{n-1}& - &1; \ \mbox{for n} \ge 1\\ x_0 &=& 1 \end{matrix} $$

2. Derive the formula for the (n+1)th numbers in the sequence defined by the linear recurrence relations:

\begin{matrix} 3x_n &=& -4x_{n-1}& + & x_{n-2}; \ \mbox{for n} \ge 2 \\ x_0 &=& 1\\ x_1 &=& 1\\ \end{matrix} $$

3. (Optional) Derive the formula for the (n+1)th Fibonacci numbers.

Further Counting
Consider the equation
 * a + b = n; a, b ≥ 0 are integers

For a fixed positive integer n, how many solutions are there? We can count the number of solutions:
 * 0 + n = n
 * 1 + (n - 1) = n
 * 2 + (n - 2) = n
 * n + 0 = n
 * n + 0 = n

As you can see there are (n + 1) solutions. Another way to solve the problem is to consider the generating function
 * G(z) = 1 + z + z2 + ... + zn

Let H(z) = G(z)G(z), i.e.
 * H(z) = (1 + z + z2 + ... + zn)2

I claim that the coefficient of zn in H(z) is the number of solutions to a + b = n, a, b > 0. The reason why lies in the fact that when multiplying like terms, indices add.

Consider
 * A(z) = 1 + z + z2 + z3 + ...

Let
 * B(z) = A2(z)

it follows
 * B(z) = (1 + z + z2 + z3 + ...) + z(1 + z + z2 + z3 + ...) + z2(1 + z + z2 + z3 + ...) + z3(1 + z + z2 + z3) + ...
 * B(z) = 1 + 2z + 3z2 + ...

Now the coefficient of zn (for n ≥ 0) is clearly the number of solutions to a + b = n (a, b > 0).

We are ready now to derive a very important result: let tk be the number solutions to a + b = n (a, b > 0). Then the generating function for the sequence tk is
 * T(z) = (1 + z + z2 + ... + zn + ...)(1 + z + z2 + ... + zn + ...)
 * $$T(z) = \frac{1}{(1 - z)^2}$$

i.e.
 * $$\frac{1}{(1 - z)^2} = 1 + 2z + 3z^2 + 4z^3 + ... + (n+1)z^n + ...$$

Counting Solutions to a1 + a2 + ... + am = n
Consider the number of solutions to the following equation:
 * a1 + a2 + ... + am = n

where ai ≥ 0; i = 1, 2, ... m. By applying the method discussed previously. If tk is the number of solutions to the above equation when n = k. The generating function for tk is
 * $$T(z) = \frac{1}{(1-z)^m}$$

but what is tk? Unless you have learnt calculus, it's hard to derive a formula just by looking at the equation of T(z). Without assuming knowledge of calculus, we consider the following counting problem.

"You have three sisters, and you have n (n ≥ 3) lollies. You decide to give each of your sisters at least one lolly. In how many ways can this be done?"

One way to solve the problem is to put all the lollies on the table in a straight line. Since there are n lollies there are (n - 1) gaps between them (just as you have 5 fingers on each hand and 4 gaps between them). Now get 2 dividers, from the (n - 1) gaps available, choose 2 and put a divider in each of the gaps you have chosen! There you have it, you have divided the n lollies into three parts, one for each sister. There are $$ n - 1 \choose 2 $$ ways to do it! If you have 4 sisters, then there are $$ n - 1 \choose 3 $$ ways to do it. If you have m sisters there are $$ n - 1 \choose m - 1$$ ways to do it.

Now consider: "You have three sisters, and you have n lollies. You decide to give each of your sisters some lollies (with no restriction as to how much you give to each sister). In how many ways can this be done?"

Please note that you are just solving:
 * a1 + a2 + a3 = n

where ai ≥ 0; i = 1, 2, 3.

You can solve the problem by putting n + 3 lollies on the table in a straight line. Get two dividers and choose 2 gaps from the n + 2 gaps available. Now that you have divided n + 3 lollies into 3 parts, with each part having 1 or more lollies. Now take back 1 lollies from each part, and you have solved the problem! So the number of solutions is $$ n + 2 \choose 2 $$. More generally, if you have m sisters and n lollies the number of ways to share the lollies is
 * $$ {{n + m - 1} \choose {m - 1}} = {{n + m - 1} \choose {n}} $$.

Now to the important result, as discussed above the number of solutions to
 * a1 + a2 + ... + am = n

where ai ≥ 0; i = 1, 2, 3 ... m is
 * $${{n + m - 1} \choose {n}}$$

i.e.
 * $$\frac{1}{(1 - z)^m} = \sum_{i=0}^\infty {m + i - 1 \choose i}z^i$$

Example 1
The closed form of a generating function T(z) is
 * $$T(z) = \frac{z}{(1-z)^2}$$

and tk in the coefficient of zk is T(z). Find an explicit formula for tk.

Solution

\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{(1-z)^2} &=& \sum_{i=0}^\infty (i+1)z^i\\ \\ \frac{z}{(1-z)^2} &=& z\sum_{i=0}^\infty (i+1)z^i\\ \\                 &=& \sum_{i=0}^\infty (i+1)z^{i+1}\\ \end{matrix} $$ Therefore tk = k

Example 2
Find the number of solutions to:
 * a + b + c + d = n

for all positive integers n (including zero) with the restriction a, b, c ,d ≥ 0.

Solution By the formula

\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{(1-z)^4} &=& \sum_{i=0}^\infty {{n + 3}\choose {3}}z^i\\ \\ \end{matrix} $$ so
 * the number of solutions is $${{n + 3}\choose {3}}$$

More Counting
We turn to a slightly harder problem of the same kind. Suppose we are to count the number of solutions to:
 * 2a + 3b + c = n

for some integer $$n \ge 0$$, with a, b, also c greater than or equal zero. We can write down the closed form straight away, we note the coefficient of xn of:
 * $$(1 + x^2 + x^4 + ...)(1 + x^3 + x^6 + ...)(1 + x + x^2 + ...) = \frac{1}{(1 - x^2)(1 - x^3)(1 - x)}$$

is the required solution. This is due to, again, the fact that when multiplying powers, indices add.

To obtain the number of solutions, we break the expression into recognisable closed-forms by method of partial fraction.

Example 1
Let sk be the number of solutions to the following equation:
 * 2a + 2b = n; a, b ≥ 0

Find the generating function for sk, then find an explicit formula for sn in terms of n.

Solution

Let T(z) be the generating functions of tk
 * T(z) = (1 + z2 + z4 + ... + z2n + ...)2
 * $$T(z) = \frac{1}{(1 - z^2)^2}$$

It's not hard to see that
 * $$s_n = 0 \ \mbox{if n is odd}$$

 * $$s_n = {n/2 + 1\choose n/2} = {n/2 + 1\choose 1} = n/2 + 1 \ \mbox{if n is even}$$

Example 2
Let tk be the number of solutions to the following equation:
 * a + 2b = n; a, b ≥ 0

Find the generating function for tk, then find an explicit formula for tn in terms of n.

Solution

Let T(z) be the generating functions of tk
 * T(z) = (1 + z + z2 + ... + zn + ...)(1 + z2 + z4 + ... + z2n + ...)

 * $$T(z) = \frac{1}{(1 - z)} \times \frac{1}{1 - z^2}$$

 * $$T(z) = \frac{1}{(1 - z)^2} \times \frac{1}{1 + z}$$

 * $$T(z) = \frac{Az + B}{(1 - z)^2} + \frac{C}{1 + z}$$

 * A = -1/4, B = 3/4, C = 1/4

 * $$T(z) = -\frac{1}{4}\sum_{i=0}^\infty (i+1)z^{i+1} + \frac{3}{4}\sum_{i=0}^\infty (i+1)z^i + \frac{1}{4}\sum_{i=0}^\infty (-1)^iz^i$$

 * $$t_k = -\frac{1}{4}k + \frac{3}{4}(k + 1) + \frac{1}{4} (-1)^k$$

Exercises
1. Let
 * $$T(z) = \frac{1}{(1 + z)^2} $$

be the generating functions for tk (k = 0, 1, 2 ...). Find an explicit formula for tk in terms of k.

2. How many solutions are there the following equations if m is a given constant
 * $$a + b + 2c = m$$

where a, b and c ≥ 0

Problem Set
1. A new Company has borrowed $250,000 initial capital. The monthly interest is 3%. The company plans to repay $x before the end of each month. Interest is added to the debt on the last day of the month (compounded monthly).

Let Dn be the remaining debt after n months.

a) Define Dn recursively.

b) Find the minimum values of x.

c) Find out the general formula for Dn.

d) Hence, determine how many months are need to repay the debt if x = 12,000.

2. A partion of n is a sequence of positive integers (λ1,λ1,..,λr) such that λ1 ≥ λ2 ≥ .. ≥ λr and λ1 + λ2 + .. + λr = n. For example, let n = 5, then (5), (4,1), (3,2), (3,1,1), (2,2,1), (2,1,1,1), (1,1,1,1,1) are all the partions of 5. So we say the number of partions of 5 is 7. Derive a formula for the number of partions of a general n.

3. A binary tree is a tree where each node can have up to two child nodes. The figure below is an example of a binary tree.

a) Let cn be the number of unique arrangements of a binary tree with totally n nodes. Let C(z) be a generating function of cn.

 * (i) Define C(z) using recursion.

 * (ii) Hence find the closed form of C(z).

b) Let $$P(x)=\sqrt{1+ax}=p_0 + p_1 x + p_2 x^2 + p_3 x^3 ...$$ be a power series.

 * (i) By considering the n-th derivative of P(x), find a formula for pn.

 * (ii) Using results from a) and b)(i), or otherwise, derive a formula for cn.

Hint: Instead of doing recursion of finding the change in cn when adding nodes at the bottom, try to think in the opposite way, and direction.(And no, not deleting nodes)

Project - Exponential generating function
This project assumes knowledge of differentiation.

(Optional)0.
 * (a)

 * (i) Differentiate log x by first principle.

 * (ii)*** Show that the remaining limit in last part that can't be evaluated indeed converges. Hence finish the differentiation by assigning this number as a constant.

 * (b) Hence differentiate $$a^x$$.

1. Consider $$E(x) = e^x$$
 * (a) Find out the n-th derivative of E(x).

 * (b) By considering the value of the n-th derivative of E(x) at x = 0, express E(x) in power series/infinite polynomial form.

(Optional)2.
 * (a) Find out the condition for the geometric progression(that is the ordinary generating function introduced at the beginning of this chapter) to converges. (Hint: Find out the partial sum)

 * (b) Hence show that E(x) in the last question converges for all real values of x. (Hint: For any fixed x, the numerator of the general term is exponential, while the denominator of the general term is factorial. Then what?)

3. The function E(x) is the most fundamental and important exponential generating function, it is similar to the ordinary generating function, but with some difference, most obviously having a fractorial fraction attached to each term.

 * (a) Similar to ordinary generating function, each term of the polynomial expansion of E(x) can have number attached to it as coefficient. Now consider $$A(x) = a_1 + a_2 \frac{x}{1!} + a_3 \frac{x^2}{2!} + a_4 \frac{x^3}{3!} + ...$$

 * Find $$A'(x)$$ and compare it with A(x). What do you discover?

 * (b) Substitute nz, where n is a real number and z is a free variable, into E(x), i.e. E(nz). What have you found?

4. Apart from A(x) defined in question 2, let $$B(x) = b_1 + b_2 \frac{x}{1!} + b_3 \frac{x^2}{2!} + b_4 \frac{x^3}{3!} + ...$$

 * (a) What is A(x) multiplied by B(x)? Compare this with ordinary generating function, what is the difference?

 * (b) What if we blindly multiply A(x) with x(or xn in general)? Will it shift coefficient like what happened in ordinary generating function?

Notes: Question with *** are difficult questions, although you're not expected to be able to answer those, feel free to try your best.


text:
Category:2019–20 Mid-American Conference men's basketball season

This category is for the 2019–20 men's basketball season of the Mid-American Conference.


text:
Latin stream/A2

A2 Latin is a continuation of the Latin A level after AS. The A level is a qualification in Britain and is divided into two parts, AS and A2.

The course objective is to become proficient in and around classical Latin, with a working vocabulary without requirement of a vocabulary list. By studying classical texts by Roman authors, the student should develop a love of literature, particularly classics, and engender a perpetual interest. It should also develop within the student a wide knowledge of Ancient Rome, with its customs, history, and life.

The course materials laid out below will hopefully eventually enable any autodidactic student to study towards an A grade in the overall A level. Teachers may also find the resources helpful.

Intended Materials

 * Lesson by lesson plans outlining the course that may be consumed at will.
 * Guides to Pompeii, Herculaneum and Hadrian's wall, outlining their relevancy and points of interest.
 * A recommended reading list.
 * Worksheets to encouarge students to think about certain aspects of the course.
 * Notes on exam formats and techniques.

title: Latin stream/A2


text:
paarlasti

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A ballast heavy material placed in the hold of a vessel to provide stability.

title: paarlasti


text:
GCSE Science/Electricity multiple choice practice question 1 answer 3

Sorry this is the wrong answer.

Although the circuit symbol for a fuse looks a bit like a resistor, inside a fuse is just a piece of wire. It can't keep the current down to below 13A in this way.


text:
Elizabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg

Elizabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg (c. 1300 – before 1340) was the regent of the Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg during the minority of her son from 1321 until 1330. She was by two consecutive marriages, duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg and queen of Denmark by marriage (1330-1331) to Eric Christoffersen, son of Christopher II of Denmark.

Life
A member of the House of Schauenburg, Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry I, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg, and Heilwig of Bronckhorst. Her first husband was John II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, whom she married in c. 1315. Elizabeth gave birth to a son who succeeded her husband as Albert IV, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, but she ruled the duchy as regent due to his minority.

In 1330, Duchess Elizabeth married Eric, junior king of Denmark, the son of her brother Gerhard's enemy, King Christopher II of Denmark. The couple had no children and the marriage was dissolved the next year. Her former husband died in war with Holstein in 1332.

title: Elizabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg


text:
Talk:Antonio Gaona (general)

External links modified
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I have just modified 1 one external link on Antonio Gaona. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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title: Talk:Antonio Gaona (general)


text:
Talk:Newroz

Important aspects concerning this article are debated at Talk:Norouz

This article has serious factual problems
First of all the 'reference' used does not even mention this as a Kurdish festival.
 * Exactly, my point of using this reference, which is an official Turkish site, is to point out that Turkey now officially considers "Nevruz" as a Turkish holiday.Bertilvidet 16:16, 19 March 2006 (UTC)
 * information in this article is not neutral.

Now I am sensible enough to let you guys bring about a reference to justify the existance of this article, as clearly it should only be a section in Norouz. Until then, I am going to put a dispute tag --Kash 15:25, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * "Newroz" is one of many local prononciation varieties of Norouz the ancinet Persian New Year which is also celebrated by Kurds, Central Asian Turks, Azeris, Tajiks, Pashtuns and Bahai faith. As before, this article should be redirected to Norouz to avoid confusion. --ManiF 15:32, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I appreciate this but please atleast put a reference to where you are getting your information about the festival from. I am sure it exists but not as it is described here --Kash 15:39, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I myself first began the article from that article but bothe Newroz and Nauroz, (nauruz, noroz...) have their own article. ~This article is the Kurdish version. Yours is the Persian one. Still there are many other different versions. Since both have their own material, there is no need for redirection.  D iyako Talk + 15:37, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I once before mentioned that the Persian Nuruz(na...) is full of mistake and POV and uncited stuff. The Kurdish Newroz article is a wel-cited article. The admins will look at the article and will find that there is nothing wrong with it.  D iyako Talk + 15:45, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * If so, then mention the sources at the bottom of the page under the heading "References" --Kash 15:48, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The are already seven eiight references in the article even in the front of the paragraphs which is more accurate than just in the reference section, but if this can help you I do it. D iyako Talk + 15:52, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Newroz and Norouz are not different, It's the same Festival with different pronunciations. This article should redirected to Norouz to avoid confusion. --ManiF 15:42, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * As you see they are totally different.  D iyako Talk + 15:45, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * It is not. It's the same Festival. Your "source" is a Kurdish web-page. Newroz  page was redirected to Norouz, before you decided that Newroz is a new festival. --ManiF 15:55, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Total dispute?
It seems that any articles mentioning anything about Kurdishness gets the totally disuted tag. Maybe you should create a tag for this, warning that some find mentioning of Kurdishness offensive. Until then please point out the concrete passages in the text that should be POV or incorrect. Bertilvidet 16:11, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Although there is no question that Kurds celebrate Norouz, the problem is that yesturday this article did not exist, it was part of Norouz, now all of a sudden its a new festival!? So for this, please put on some sources to back it up. --Kash 16:16, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Creating an article about sth. is not the same as creating what the article is about. "yesturday this article did not exist" is not a problem. --Fasten 18:00, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The historical part lacks sources, that is right - and that section is tagged. Where else is the problem? And you tag it as totally disputed...so please give us the arguments for lack of both NPOV and factual accuracy. Bertilvidet 16:20, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * See you talk --Kash 16:26, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Raison d'être of this article
As far as I understand, the main dispute actually is whether this article has its own raison d'être. I proposed on the norouz talk page that we create a proper article for the Kurdish version of Newroz. My argument for this is, that Newroz is a very important event for Kurds as a manifestation of their identity...My knowledge is solely about the current political significance about Newroz as a celebration of Kurdish identity. I guess the history is the same, and I dont know if the current ways of celebrating it are the same among Kurds as among Persians. It would be OK for me if this article solely deals with political implications of the Kurdish celebrations of Newroz - in the case that the history, traditions and rites are the same. Bertilvidet 16:45, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

If Norouz has political significance for Kurds, it can be mentioned in the Kurdistan page or the Kurdish people page or if we have a page related to Kurdish politics or even briefly in the Norouz article itself. Having separate articles creates the misunderstanding that Kurdish version is different while it is in fact identical. It is simply repeating the same stuff. One paragraph in the main page Norouz is enough to describe all the MINOR differences that exist. Their version is not just a different way of celebrating the beginning of spring, as some editors like to argue, it is the same IRANIAN way that includes Persians, Lurs, Balouch…etc as well. The differences are as much as the differences in style of one Iranian city to the next.

Gol 09:35, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

This is rather silly, I would go with Norouz and the Kurds as an article. But to get another transliteration of the same concept and try to sell it as a distinct entry is just a no go for me. Kaveh 09:48, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Stop the destruction
Would people please stop deleting this article. If you dont like the content, participate in the talk. Bertilvidet 16:00, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Page protection
I've protected this following a request, but we don't as a rule like to protect articles with the current-event tag on them, so could someone give me a quick rundown of the dispute, and how many people are involved on each side? SlimVirgin (talk) 16:48, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

There is a spring festival with different traditions among several western and central Asian peoples. This article is on the Kurdish version of the festival. Some people claim that this article should be merged into the Iranian article. But in fact there is no need for that. The Kurdish new year festival deserves its own article.  D iyako Talk + 16:55, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you for protecting the page. Hopefully this will give us more incentive to reach a compromise. Most of the debate is conducted at Talk:Norouz. As far as I understand the people deleting the article / redirecting it to Norouz, the question is whether the Kurdish celebration deserves its own article. On both sides some people have shown willingness to reach a compromise. As a compromise I suggest that we rename this article to "Kurdish Newroz celebration", as I believe it deserves an article, mainly on the grounds that the festival is an important manifestation of Kurdish identity - and keep a comprehensive Newroz/Norouz article that deals with the history og Newroz and the different way it is celebrated. Bertilvidet 17:02, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I think we already resolved this, restore/move Norouz and the Kurds and redirect this back to the main article. Kaveh 17:46, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * There is a 'Kurdish new year' and has a 'celebration'. This 'celebration' which is called 'Newroz' needs its own article. There is no need for merging. D iyako Talk + 18:32, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Norooz is an Iranian festival or Iranian new year festival. I have provided academic sources for that in Norooz page. Even in Kurdish pages, it should be mentioned that this is an Iranian festival. There is NO academic source that states that Newroz is a Kurdish festival. Diyako! We need academic sources (not a kurdish forum or webpage made by separaists or political activists.) in wikipedia.  --Sina Kardar18:40, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

First your source does not claim Norouz is Iranian or at least merely Iranian, your third source is biased and is not a neutral one. I have discussed it before. for eample look at its biased slogan in the right corner above the page that says if there is no iran I'll die!! or that petition against oppressed azeri people In Iran. Secondly, My sources are not Kurdish although there are many Kurdish ones but I only have provided source from non-Kurdish sources or at least articles which are written by non-Kurdish people and I still can provide more. Third, As I said there is a Kurdish New year and Newroz is its celebration and deseves it own article.  D iyako Talk + 18:55, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Sina, I would like to invite you to Turkey in order to assist a Newroz celebration here. You will see that millions of Kurds use this opportunity to reclaim cultural rights and to display pride. If you see that - or read some articles about it - you will realize that contemporary Newroz celebration is much more than an Iranian event. Bertilvidet 18:51, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

To discuss the background of Norouz is besides the point. The fact is that Diyako has created a new article out of a redirect page for the same concept (but a different transliteration). Start any article that doesn't entail this ambiguity and we will discuss its merits there. For now this page should be restored and redirect to our main previously accepted entry. If you want to rename that entry gain consensus there. If you want an article in relation to a specific population, pick a clear title. Kaveh 19:04, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * There was a wrong redirection and I started a new article which directly discuss the matter, it is not sin! About several weeks ago there was a redirection from 'Kurdish terroristic propaganda' to 'Kurdish music' article by user Khoikhoi whicgh I made the wrong redirection deleted by an admin. Afghanistan, Iran and Tajikstan all are Persian-speaking while Kurds are Kurdish-speaking, They have their own name for their festival. No need for Persian names.  D iyako Talk + 19:13, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Norouz is not a Persian name, نوروز is and Newrouz, Norouz, Norooz and all others are merely transliterations of the same word! You seem a bit caught up in pronunciations, I must say I am startled. User:SlimVirgin, please restore the redirect and allow the user to justify his changes before any further alteration to the previously accepted naming convention. Kaveh 19:26, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes I know that exactly, but here the Newroz is the Kurdish common title for the Kurdish celebration of spring.  D iyako Talk + 19:32, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I disagree. The title for such articles must follow a a well defined style like: "Norooz in Kurdistan" or "Norooz in Tajikistan" or "Norooz in Turkey" ...Read my comments in Norooz Talk page. --Sina Kardar 19:43, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * And this is the English Wikipedia and you have taken over a redirect for Norouz. Create an unambiguous entry for what you feel warrants an independent entry. We will discuss the merits of your arguments there. Kaveh 19:48, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

And all sources provided by me are English not Kurdish.  D iyako Talk + 21:09, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Here is an article from Turkey clearly indicating that the Kurds all celebrate an Iranian festival. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/4112557.asp?gid=74 <IP_ADDRESS> 21:01, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Hürriyet is a 'Turkish' newspaper!  D iyako Talk + 21:05, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Interesting what another Turkish newspaper writes: http://www.zaman.com/?bl=national&alt=&trh=20060317&hn=31004 Bertilvidet 21:18, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * What do you mean ? Turks are Iranian or Persian POV ??!!!! Hey guys!  we do not need these sources. We have enough academic source at the end of the page Norooz. No doubt that this is an Iranian festival.  --Sina Kardar21:09, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not going to interfere whether Norouz is Iranian or Akkadian or whatever. But I'm discussing that Newroz is the Kurdish celebration of spring, Don't agree? then ask admins for mediation.  D iyako Talk + 21:14, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I have provided several academic sources. You might not care whether it is Iranian or not. Your personal view has no value here. I provided several academic sources but you were not able to provide even one. You are not expert and your personal view does not count. --User:Sina Kardar21:24, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

You sources are not better than mine which directly discuss the Kurdish new year.  D iyako Talk + 21:27, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * My sources were academic (encyclopedia iranicca and center for iranian studies at univ london). You have NOT provided any ACADEMIC source yet. --User:Sina Kardar21:41, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Norouz is all the same festival Diyako and all the sources support this. The only Kurds that claim it is different are just seperatists, right? I mean even the pictures used on the article you have made up is all from a political party demonstration, admitted the photographer himself. --Kash 21:17, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The contemporary celebration is not all the same. The Newroz celebrations in Turkey are highly politisezed. The photographer himself aka Bertilvidet 21:35, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I prefer a mediation and discuss the matter with admins rather than Iranian users.  D iyako Talk + 21:27, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Whatever is the nationality of our co-editors is indeed irrelevant!!! Bertilvidet 21:30, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Because many Iranians are so proud that claim that Kurds are wild and have no culture no history nothing, but Iranian culture!! Iranians educated them, Iranian made Kurds to be human. They cannot be neutral.  D iyako Talk + 21:32, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Please discuss the issue rather than your prejudicies! Kash has not expressed such views in this debate! Bertilvidet 21:40, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately this is your personal preoccupation. Not only Iranians but also persians do not think like this about Kurds. Provide a source that says "Iranians believe that they educated Kurds". or a source made by Iranians indicating that Kurds are non Iranian. --User:Sina Kardar21:37, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Calling Kurds as well as their culture and tradition to be Iranian is another insult made by Iranian and many other people.  D iyako Talk + 21:43, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * OK ! If being Iranian is insult, I now delete my insult!!!!! Now you should provide basis for your claims and insults. --User:Sina Kardar21:45, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Please discuss the issue rather than determining others' nationality Bertilvidet 21:40, 20 March 2006 (UTC).

The only choice is mediation. Or renaming the Kurdish article as bertilvidet said, Kurdish celebration of Newroz.  D iyako Talk + 21:43, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

This is getting quite trite. I do not wish to participate in this discussion anymore, a waste of time. Kaveh 21:42, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Please all of you friends forgive that That I discussed the matter of Iranians and Kurds. It does not belong to wikipedia or at least to this article. I was tired but It was my 'bad' . D iyako Talk + 22:25, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Compromise?
The only choice is mediation. Or renaming the Kurdish article as bertilvidet said, Kurdish celebration of Newroz.  D iyako Talk + 21:49, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I do not agree. We should agree on a consistent style for all sister pages. What title do people suggest for a page on Norooz celebrations in Lurestan ? What is going to be the title for the page on Norouz celebrations in Tajikistan ?? Here is a bbc report of Norouz of Tajikistan . You see there are many interesting things in it and it needs a title. --User:Sina Kardar 21:56, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * This people who you are refering to all are Persian or conseiderd as Persian-speaking., Kurds speak another language and have a different but common name for the spring festival. This name is common and 'widely used' in English than any other word for Kurdish celebration. Kurds celebrate a Newroz festival this is all.  D iyako Talk + 22:07, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It is not true. There are many non-persian speaking areas like azerbaijan. It is strange that you are saying that Lors are persian or persian speaking !!!! Very good sign !! Please read this academic source.  --User:Sina Kardar22:11, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

I myself do not consider lors as perrsians, but their culture is heavily influenced by Persian.  D iyako Talk + 22:23, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I have no problem with using the word Newroz in the body of the article (not its title). The title of all sister pages should follow the same trend and also consistent with the mother page. --User:Sina Kardar22:15, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Dear Sina Kardar, What title u suggest?  D iyako Talk + 22:23, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * My suggestions is the following:

If the title of the mother page is going to be Norouz then: I suggest Norouz Celebrations in Kurdistan (Newroz) and the same trend for other places : Norouz Celebrations in Tajikistan, Norouz Celebrations in Azerbaijan etc. It depends also on other peoples votes. --User:Sina Kardar22:41, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * But the point is that the Kurdish celebrations are not only in Kurdistan. 200.000 participated in Istanbul yesterday, and throughout Europe, among the diaspora, there are many events. I am convinced that the contemporary Kurdish celebrations - highly politisized - differ a lot from the Iranian celebrations. Bertilvidet 22:50, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * About Lors: yes it is true. Because here it is in favor of you, they become Persian. and on Persian language page they suddenly become non-persian. I really like your style! --User:Sina Kardar22:47, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I am against the use of 'Kurdistan' in to this, as far as I know Iranian and Iraqi Kurds don't celebrate it different to Iranians (I had a long discussion about it with my Kurd friends) --Kash 22:52, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Dear Kash, I was not aware of the difference. What do you think about my new suggestion ?--User:Sina Kardar22:58, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Dear Bertilvidet, we can also think about "Norouz celebrations among Kurds (Newroz)" as an alternative. Please notice that when you search for let's say "Iranian culture" you will be reverted to "Culture of Iran". It does not mean that those few milion Iranians out of Iran do not share Iranian culture. --User:Sina Kardar22:55, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It may be also OK to use Kurdish Celebrations of Norouz. The word Norouz must be there to make it consistent with the mother page.--User:Sina Kardar23:00, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The word Kurdistan will be disputde by many users (from middle east) who see it offensive! also it does not include all Kurdish people. Many Kurds live outside Kurdistan. The word Norouz has no meaning for Kurds. My suggestion is to remove any refering to this problematic word of N****z... and Instead agree on Spring celebration among Kurds or Kurdish spring celebration or Kurdish spring festival... But I should see what is others opinion esp Bertilvidet who I accept him as a quite neutral person.  D iyako Talk + 23:04, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * As far as I know Kurds do not speak in English. There exist a main article. All sister articles must be consistent with it. --Sina Kardar23:10, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Immediately I do not agree with the logic that - in this case - the articles necesarily should have the same name. The Kurdish celebration is known as Newroz (when referred to in English and in the Kurdish written with Latin alphabet) - but on the other hand if this is the issue that divides us I will not insist. Bertilvidet 23:16, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * How you mean? D iyako Talk + 23:19, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * "The word Norouz has no meaning for Kurds." Was that meant to be a joke?! I have many Kurd friends who actually call it Norouz, they actually have a problem with 'Newroz' mentioned here. They say its used in a political context where it means 'uprising' --Kash 23:14, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Kash may I ask you leave this argument that you have Kurdish friends that think so or don't think so?!  D iyako Talk + 23:18, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree with Kash. "Norouz" is also used in Kurdish media. I have already provided references for that.--User:Sina Kardar23:20, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

But it is not common and widely used among Kurds. Both in English and Kurdish the accepted term is Newroz, and you have not the right to change the Kurdish related facts... D iyako Talk + 23:22, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Time out. I agree with Sina that the debate is getting trite. We are only the same four people, and from both sides there have been severel unbecoming comments. I will withdraw for the night, and hope some people will come fresh to problem. Shab bekheir / Sew bas Bertilvidet 23:24, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I am also TIME OUT! Good night. Count the people in the world you hate, then you would know how much you are far from humanity. --User:Sina Kardar23:32, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * First - Diyako your claim is almost insane. 40% if not more of Kurds live in Iran and speak Persian as first or second language. Whole of Iran know exactly what Norouz is as its their public holiday and the word is Persian so they would know exactly what it means. That should already be enough to discredit your "The word Norouz has no meanings for Kurds" argument.

Time out indeed. --Kash 23:44, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * 20%, and they are Kurds nothing alse, for assimilation of Kurds by Iranians and resistance of Kurds see Britannica. The only name for Kurdish celebration of spring both in English and Kurish is Newroz nothing else, don't agree? ask for mediation.  D iyako Talk + 23:51, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You seem to be the only one who doesn't agree. Read my comments above and think about. if you don't agree with anything, go a head for mediation. --Kash 00:02, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

I just stumbled onto this page. I think this page should be merged into Norouz. If not that, then create Kurdish celebration of Newroz, and make it a under a subsection on the Norouz page. This seems like a necessary and obvious answer. Despite the different transliterations and pronunciations, it's the same festival.

If this page exists, then others could likewise make Noe-Rooz, Norooz, Noruz, Novruz, Noh Ruz, Nauroz, Nav-roze, Navroz, Naw-Rúz, Nevruz or Nowrouz, since they all, along with Newroz, are different transliterations of the same word. Cuñado  -  Talk  02:40, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Follow up: I just realized that someone made Norouz and the Kurds. That's just as good as 'Kurdish celebration of Newroz', and serves the same purpose. Cuñado  [[image:Bahaitemplatestar.png|20px]] -  Talk  02:46, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Possible version for Norouz
I've updated the Norouz article, but in my user space, so no one gets mad. It's currently at User:Jeff3000/Norouz. Please take a look and comment, and make changes on that page. If enough people think it's ok, we can move it back to the Norouz page. It includes part of this page, and then links to it. -- Jeff3000 05:48, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Support I back you 100% and want to thank you for making the proposal on your user page and for keeping the cool in the heated cross fire!

This particular debate seems to be conducted at Talk:Norouz Bertilvidet 10:36, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Newroz as separate from Norouz
Newroz/Norouz has been celebrated for 3000 years. It is "deeply rooted" in the traditions of Zoroastrianism. It LONG outdates the Persians, those living in modern Iran, and the Norouz article makes it seem as though it is an exclusively Persian celebration, that is celebrated by other countries and populations only because they were once part of the Persian Empire. This is why Newroz and Norouz should stay separate. Newroz or Norouz is as much a Kurdish celebration as it is a Persian one, as the Kurds and the Persians and all other populations who traditionally have celebrated have some ancestral or religious commonality.

It is NOT exclusively Persian, contrary to what the Norouz article leads those who read it to believe. That article's history of Norouz section is primarily Persian, and Norouz in Modern Iran... nuff said.

And your pathetic, "academic" sources... please. Just because someone holds some sort of degree in history of the Persian Empire, does not mean they know everything remotely related to it -such as Newroz/Norouz.

-- Hey guys, we had an extensive discussions yesterday on this issue. It seems that Diyako is just editing and editing without paying attention to other people's sources and comments. No body agreed on this title: "Kurdish Celebrations of Newroz". The article must be deleted or renamed to "Norouz among Kurds" or "Norouz Celebrations among Kurds (Newroz)". The name of the mother article is "Norouz" and it must be kept in all sister articles. This article must be consistent with the main article on Norouz. --User:Sina Kardar08:54, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Persian article (Norouz) by itself has no widely accpetd term while among Kurds the common word is Newroz, any other term does not belong to Kurdish word. when you directly discuss Kurds then you should use the term Newroz not other irrelevant terms.  D iyako Talk + 08:58, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The word that are used in academic sources are: Noruz, Norooz, and Norouz and it refers to the festival in general including kurdish one. I do not want to repeat myself. Read yesterday's discussions and sources. It seems that you don't have a good memory. No academic source used the word Newroz as its title.--User:Sina Kardar09:02, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * This is you who should read the yesterday discussion, as i said 10000000 million times the name of festival for the Kurdish people is Newroz, is it hard to understand???

http://www.kevinmckiernan.com/article_turkey.html  D iyako Talk + 09:05, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I wrote all yesterday's dicussions. You did NOT provide any sources yesterday. You can say it 100000000 times more. What you personally think does not count. We need academic sources. Come out of politics. --User:Sina Kardar09:09, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Sina you cannot just my sources. V. I have provided enough sources. All my sources are verifiable, reliable, neutral, and directly discuss the case of Kurds.  D iyako Talk + 09:12, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Where are those ENOUGH!!!! sources ? As always you claimed without offering evidence that "the boggus norouz please respect the Kurdish world" . SOURCE IT ! my friend! --User:Sina Kardar09:15, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Can not you see or read my sources?? I have provided several dozens of sources Is it hard to see them? do not kill Kurdish world.  D iyako Talk + 09:18, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I am waiting for your sources on the above claim. --User:Sina Kardar09:19, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't think you are my friend that I to be your friend. You do not resdpect anything Kurdish. ignore my sources. Don't forget I'm not new on wiki.  D iyako Talk + 09:21, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I am waiting for your sources. Do not change the subject. --User:Sina Kardar09:22, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok see below,  D iyako Talk + 09:35, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Newroz and the Kurds, Kurdish celebration of Newroz

 * Newroz and Kurds
 * Newroz and Kurds
 * Newroz and Kurds
 * Neworz and Kurds
 * Newroz and Kurds
 * Newroz and Kurds
 * Newroz and Kurds
 * Neworz and Kurds
 * Newroz and Kurds
 * Newroz and Kurds
 * Newroz and Kurds
 * Newroz and Kurds
 * Newroz and Kurds (a good Academic sources on Kurds
 * Newroz and Kurds
 * Newroz and Kurds
 * Newroz and Kurds
 * Newroz and Kurds
 * Newroz and Kurds, Salahaddin University
 * Newroz and Kurds
 * Newroz and Kurds, University of Minnesota
 * Newroz and Kurds ( Kurdish festival) by Noam Chomsky

These all sources and dozens other sources are these verifiable? If so then find an admin that says these sources are not verifiable and Diyako lies.  D iyako Talk + 09:35, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

I am still waiting for your sources. Claim1: "the boggus norouz please respect the Kurdish world" where is its source ? Source it then we go through your other claims. State the claim and source it. --User:Sina Kardar09:38, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Please don't change the matter of Kurds and newroz. So you accept that Newroz is the Kurdish celebartion of Newroz.  D iyako Talk + 09:40, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I have not yet accepted your first claim let alone thinking about others. Why don't you source your strong statement ??!!! --User:Sina Kardar09:42, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Second claim by Diyako: "Newroz is the Kurdish celebartion of Newroz." --User:Sina Kardar09:43, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You are changing the matter, Norouz in the case of Kurds is boggus, and uncorrect, and to the Kurdish culture an insult. Do Persian people like to be called Farsis? I was warned for that although I provided several sources that in English the term farsis is correct.  D iyako Talk + 09:46, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I am waiting to see sources for both claims separately. (I have also sources for Farsi-Persian story.) --User:Sina Kardar09:50, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Your source reads: ....Kurdish/Iranian/Persian/Zoroastrian NEWROZ festival, calling it merely, like Europeans, a spring!!!! festival! You provided a source against yourself !!! -- User:Sina Kardar09:52, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Diyako, your disruptive behaviour has been reported to the admin's incident board. Please do not repeat the 'farsi' thing, you have already been warned twice and you will most probably be blocked if you bring it up again.

 * Look sina, Maybe you are young, I do not like playing and wasting my time Duscussing with you has no result and wasting time. This is why I prefer to discuss the matter with others than you.  D iyako Talk + 09:53, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

If there are Kurds living in Iran, where Norouz is a public holiday, they perfectly know what it is. Do not push your POV. --Kash 09:53, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Kurds in Iran are a minority and they are KURDS.  D iyako Talk + 09:55, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Whats your point? Iranians in UK are a minority, but they perfectly know what Christmas is. Do not make any more disruptions here, as I said I have reported you on the admin's notice board and I suggest you keep out of this --Kash 09:57, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok, I like it at least some admins will watch the discussion and will find the truth.  D iyako Talk + 10:05, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much Diyako for your ENOUGH sources. --User:Sina Kardar09:56, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You are welcome, I provided many sources but people who are BIASED dot not SEE the truth.  D iyako Talk + 09:58, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Diyako please see Don't disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point, also read Verifiability reads: "The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth." --Kash 10:03, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You have ever read them?! D iyako Talk + 10:05, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * And all of my sources are verifiable, Mayor of London is not a Kurdish separatist.  D iyako Talk + 10:06, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * No. None of your sources claim that it is a different festival than Norouz. The Newroz basically a PKK movement as it is mentioned in many of your sources. What Mayor of London says in an interview can not be used as a source to support your rootless claims, just as much as Ahmadinejad or Bush's claims do not qualify on this matter. Also, Kurds are Iranian people atleast linguistically, so do not say "its an insult" again. --Kash 10:12, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Anyway there IS a Kurdish celebration of Newroz you cannot censor or kill that. Kurds are or not not Iranic is another matter does not to this Anti-Newroz discussion. D iyako Talk + 10:15, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You can not also deny its Iranian nature. . --User:Sina Kardar10:22, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Please read the source provided by Dyiako: . This clearly says that Turks use Spring festival instead of Newroz festival just to suppress kurds. Then Dyiako himself replaced the word Norouz with Spring !!!! in Norouz page. The source also says that Newroz is both Kurdish and Persian (no distinction). --User:Sina Kardar10:33, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * because you used the term Norouz and did not accepted Newroz so I replaced it with that which I find it much better than Norouz.  D iyako Talk + 10:38, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Your personal view does not count. Newroz = Norouz accoring to the sources that we have. and your replacement with Spring is an insult to Kurds and Iranians according to the source that you yourself provided. --User:Sina Kardar10:42, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Why u cannot undesrtand khanoom/agha!! There is a KuRDISH NEWROZ and It deservs its ownn article. The sources clealy says Newroz.  D iyako Talk + 10:44, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Your source is against it. --User:Sina Kardar10:45, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Newroz is both Kurdish and Persian
Source provided by Diyako, shows that Newroz is Iranian/Persian/Kurdish/Zorostrian festival. No distinction between Kurdish and Persian Newroz. Newroz is also used for Persians. --User:Sina Kardar10:57, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, and we can state that in the article.  D iyako Talk + 11:00, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Kurdish researchers believe that Newroz is a Persian festival taken blindly by Kurds
I personally believe that Norouz is an Iranian festival (Iranian includes Persians, Kurds, Lors, ...). This is also reflected in the academic sources that I provided previously. However there are KURDISH researches who believe that Newroz is purely Persian and has been taken blindly by Kurds. Here is an article by Dr. Hussein Tahriri:Newroz --User:Sina Kardar10:19, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Excellent sources! atlast we have one reliable source, from a Kurd friend. We should use this to rewrite the article, and perhaps add the PKK involvements (there is already pictures of the demonstrations in the article) --Kash 10:25, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Goood!! you can add this to the article, I appreciate such info. It is nice!! I like it.  D iyako Talk + 10:24, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Excellent! we are done here. The article clearly says: "If Newruz is the celebration of the coming of warm season, is it a Kurdish, Persian, or belongs to both of them. After the fall of the Medes the Kurds have been under the influence of the Persians. The Kurds could have got this celebration from the Persians. The Kurds have done no research on the origin of Newruz. The available research is from the Persians, and they regard Newruz as an Iranian national celebration." This is vital to be included --Kash 10:27, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree with you Dear Khashayar.  D iyako Talk + 10:27, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Time out for me, the article looks very neutral to me, I think the article fails to mention the similarities between the Kawa (infact I don't think they are different persons at all) and Kaveh, who was ofcourse in Shahnameh, same as Zahak all of these are Shahnameh characters.. but the article fails to mention this obvious thing --Kash 10:37, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The article make no distinction between Persian and Kurdish Norouz. Newroz is Persian, as the author claim. --User:Sina Kardar10:28, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, we can state that in the article that Dear Hussein Tahiri believes so. Also, he spells it as Newruz!  D iyako Talk + 10:32, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

This is also another source provided by YOU that says there is no distinction between Persian and Kurdish Newroz. . If This is the case we do not need to have two pages for the same thing. Newroz is Persian and equal to Norouz. Here is the statement in your source : Kurdish/Iranian/Persian/Zoroastrian NEWROZ festival. --User:Sina Kardar10:36, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Hello friends. It seems that some hours away from the screen decreased the tensions and increased the willingness to seek a compromise :-) Have you seen Jeff3000's propasal? I think it is a very good settlement. Please weigh in at Talk:Norouz Bertilvidet 10:40, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * It seems we are coming to a common conclusion. There are sources provided by me and Diyako, both saying that Newroz = Norouz is an Iranian/Persian/Kurdish/Zorostrian festival. --User:Sina Kardar10:45, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

are you ready to rename the Irani article to Newroz?  D iyako Talk + 10:47, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * No because it is not the most common word in the whole Iranian continent. My personal view does not count. WE sould follow academic sources as encyclopedia Iranica or britannica or Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies or UNESCO proposal. --User:Sina Kardar10:50, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

--User:Sina Kardar10:52, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Noruz at Encyclopedia Britannica
 * Noruz: The Iranian new year festival
 * NOROOZ, THE NEW YEAR OF THE IRANIAN PEOPLES by ''The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies at University of London'.
 * The Iranian New Year: NOROOZ, The Most Important Event In Iranian Culture

 * Ok, Then what about the article Kurdish celebration of Newroz? IAn article that directly discuss the issue among Kurdish people as well as it's history, events, varioations,  D iyako Talk + 10:54, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The article should be either merged with the mother one or We can also keep a page on "Norouz among Kurds (Newroz)" as I suggested before (as a daughter page). But according to the sources that you provided, we should make it clear that this is not a different festival, just a local version. We should also mentioned that It is Kurdish/Iranian/Persian/Zoroastrian NEWROZ festival. --User:Sina Kardar11:04, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * and I had already added this to the article. D iyako Talk + 11:12, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

You can help by editing or adding info to the article, but since the common name for it in the case of Kurds is Newroz I prefer the title to use the word Newroz, or at least Something like Kurdish celebration of Newroz.  D iyako Talk + 11:09, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * We have to be neutral and consistent. My suggestion satisfies both requirements: "Norouz among Kurds (Newroz)" --User:Sina Kardar11:12, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

In the case of kurdish people it is Newroz, drop the Norouz.  D iyako Talk + 11:13, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You are neither expert nor representative of Kurdish people. There are Kurdish articles using the word Norouz. My another suggestion is : Title ="Norouz among Kurds" and then introduce Newroz in the body. --User:Sina Kardar11:16, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

I wonder how you are denying the truth!! Is it hard to understand that there is a Newroz on this planet???????  D iyako Talk + 11:19, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Don't wonder toomuch. I wrote my comment before you add the source. Your source does not exculde other things. Provide a source that clearly make a distinction between Norouz and Newroz, indicating that for Kurds we have to use Newroz not Norouz. You already had a few baseless claims like this before (the insult story!). Again we need to be neutral and consistent.  --User:Sina Kardar11:21, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Prohibiting and censoring Newroz is a political pressure against Kurds (I don't meen you). It is important for Kurds. http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27869.htm

 * Is it hard to understand Newroz=Norouz and it is not Kurdish ?!! I do not remeber that I denied the existence and usage of Newroz. This is another baseless claim.

Provide a source indicating that Nowruz is a political issue in Iran and among Iranians. Provide a source indicating that Turks have only problem with Newroz but not Norouz. --User:Sina Kardar11:26, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Here the discussion is on Kurds not Turks and the fatc that in the case of Kurds Newroz is correct, and preferd by Kurdish world.  D iyako Talk + 11:32, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Maybe some people are concernd on the case of Kurds in Iran, As you see none of my references are on Iran but~.  D iyako Talk + 11:29, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Provide a source saying that there are some politicians who want to destroy Newroz and replace it with Norouz. --User:Sina Kardar11:30, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Find a statement by me, saying that Newroz is not suppressed in Turkey. I have never said such a thing. Both Norouz and Newroz !! are probably suppressed in Turkey. --User:Sina Kardar11:32, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

So let both have their articles.  D iyako Talk + 11:34, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

There is no distinction between Newroz and Norouz. I used both of them just to show that your claim and distinction is wrong. We do not need two articles as you could not make a distinction between the two. We have enough articles saying that Newroz= Norouz. --User:Sina Kardar11:38, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

What....? No they does not claim they are the same. sure there Afghans/Persian, Tajiks, etc have a spring festival but Kurds have their own version which is Newroz.  D iyako Talk + 11:40, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * It is not true. Newroz is not for Kurds based on your own source. Another claim: 'in the case of Kurds Newroz is correct and Norouz is wrong. Source ? Our sources uses all words for all ethnic groups. No distinction. --User:Sina Kardar11:42, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Newroz is associated with the Kurds.  D iyako Talk + 11:46, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I never said it is not associated with Kurds. I suggested title as "Norouz among Kurds (Newroz)" which means I knew this point. But: It is not ONLY associated with Kurds and it is NOT different form Norouz (your own source).

The source that you provided (academic or not?) suggest to use Nauroz for all countries. There is a problem between Kurds and Turks and it only applies to Turkey. We can mention this in all articles. But the standard word would not be Newroz but Nauroz or Norouz. Is your source in a position to define spelling for the world ? Is it academic ? --User:Sina Kardar11:54, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Dear Sina, Kurds and Kurdishness is not a country. I do not care what you name the Norouz article. But the fact is that there is a 'Newroz' (with any defintion) and has its own story and events, I'm defending existnce of such a article.  D iyako Talk + 11:59, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I think there is no point to talk about the statement (Nauroz for all countries) in your source before we prove that the authors have expertise on the issue. The statement is very strong and we need to be careful. --User:Sina Kardar12:09, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * If it is going to be a page on Norouz in Kurdish regions the title must be "Norouz among Kurds (Newroz)" which means:

 * 1. the universal name is Norouz (refer to main article on Norouz).
 * 2. Kurds use this spelling in Turkey and it has become serious due to political reasons.
 * 3. Kurds in Iran and other Iranian Kurdish media use Norouz and also other spellings.

This title is neutral and quite satisfactory. --User:Sina Kardar12:03, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

No3 is another matter and I leave it for others, No2 is Correct. No1 There is a Kurdish Newroz and it has become universal and quite common in English. result: How is that the important term of newroz goes in parantheses?  D iyako Talk + 12:10, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * First of all No3 is very very important and we can not put it for later times! Second, Evenif we are going to take your suggestion then we should say that "festival X among Kurds is known as Newroz". In other words, the title would be : "X festival among Kurds (Newroz)" . --User:Sina Kardar12:14, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Even the title provided by me might be misleading because your source says that Newroz is also Persian. So we can not use the wrod in a way that it means it only belongs to Kurds.--User:Sina Kardar12:18, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

This is another matters you can create an article for that, but there is a Newroz and I defend it.  D iyako Talk + 12:20, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * You need sources for your defence. Your personal view is not important. I again insist on the importance of No3. Newroz is not a holly word for Kurds in Iran (camparing to Norouz and Norooz). Because other spellings are used in their media. It seems it does not make any sense to follow this discussion, as you only talk about your personal view rather than following wikipedia policies. --User:Sina Kardar12:25, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Ben bin kere dedim kurtler konusunda newroz dogru. buna bak! http://www.dpa.de/en/stylebook/mideast.htm  D iyako Talk + 12:29, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

The Kurds' Newroz is similar to neighboring Iran's Noruz and has been celebrated for at least 3,000 years, long predating Islam.. D iyako Talk + 12:36, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Newroz and Kurds, Salahaddin University

Conclusion?
My understanding of the general consensus (after the new structure of the Norouz page) is that this page can now be redirected to Norouz, and the full article on the Kurdish Newroz (however it is decided to be spelled will be linked as it is on the Norouz page. Is that correct, and if so can we get this page unprotected, and redirect it to Norouz. -- Jeff3000 23:28, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * If our friends agree to the title of the article Kurdish celebration of Newroz then as a compromose I agree to redirect the blanked Newroz article (this article) to the page Norouz. It seems logical to me.  D iyako Talk + 23:36, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Agree, I think however first we should have approval from at least Kash and Sinar Kadar at Talk:Norouz as they have been very engaged in the debate. I have asked them on their respective user pages to weigh in. Bertilvidet 10:50, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

Assyrian king?
"According to the Kurdish legends, Newroz celebrates the overthrow of Zuhak (Dehaq) the tyrant, an Assyrian king"

I'm abit confused; was this Zuhar a real king or a mythical story? Because I can't see no Zuhar as king in the Assyrian kings page? Chaldean 03:48, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

 * This is actually an Iranian legend. You can find it also in the Shahnameh, and the king in question is there called Zahak. This is again a ridiculous claim of Kurdish editors, calling this Iranian legend a Kurdish one. I can only feel pitty for the uninformed reader who arrives on this page and is confronted with this nonsense. Shervink 15:59, 28 April 2006 (UTC)shervink

 * This may well be an iranian legend (note iranian includes Kurds). However the Kurdish form of Newroz-legend and the celebration differ from other iranian legends and celebrations. So your claim that this is nonsense is not true, still i agree that it should be made clear that Newroz is not exclusively a Kurdish celebration.

Norouz and Newroz are different transliterations of the same word
Is this article seriously claiming that Newroz and Norouz are two different things??? If this is meant to be a joke, it is not funny. This article should be deleted. One article for Norouz is obviously sufficient. Shervink 15:59, 28 April 2006 (UTC)shervink

 * Newroz is a redirect to Norouz. Hope this sorts things out. Bertilvidet 16:04, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

Name
The kurdish name of the tyrant king is Azh-Dahak not Zuhak. Zuhak, used by Firawsi, is the arabic form of Azh-Dahak. Azh-Dahak is derived from Rshti Vega Azhi-Dahak(Astyages).

Mythology Section
It should be added that the Kurdish year starts 612BC with the defeat of the Assyrians and the end of the, in a kurdish point of view, lowland-assyrian tyranny. And there is perhaps a grain of truth in the Kawe story, in case of a war between the highland Kurds and the lowland Asyrrians. And the end of the assyrian "tyrannt" kings reign over the Kurds. This has later become a legendary tale with Kawe's upprising, but there is a clear symbolism here. The story has later been corrupted through Zoroastrian influence to the extent that the tyrrant king is no other than Azh-Dehak(greek- Astyages, arabic- Zuhhak) whose troops slayed Zoroaster and overthrew his patron king Vishtaspa. This corruption is clear as Azh-Dehak is demonized by the zoroastrians, a good example is that the only word for dragon in persian is Azhdeha(Ezhdeha). It is also important to note that Kurds were never in any large nubers Zoroastrian, this is a common misunderstanding among Kurds today. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)

Pictures
We have a set of pictures on this article which all look like from the same rally in Turkey. I think it is best if we remove one or two to make the overall look less political? --Rayis 14:17, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Newroz


text:
Memento Mori (band)

Memento Mori was a Swedish band that is mainly doom metal but has some power metal influences. The band was founded by Messiah Marcolin, Snowy Shaw and Mike Wead in 1992 after Messiah left Candlemass and Wead took a break from his other band Hexenhaus. After two albums, however, Messiah left the band because he was not credited as a song writer; Snowy Shaw also quit the band to work with the reunited Mercyful Fate. The third album was sung by Kristian Andrén who used to sing for Swedish Power Doom Metal band Tad Morose. Messiah returned for the fourth album entitled "Songs for the Apocalypse Vol IV" sadly without Snowy Shaw. Drum duties were taken over by fellow Swede and Memory Garden drummer Tom Bjorn.After that album, the band broke up. All albums were released by Black Mark.

Discography

 * Rhymes of Lunacy (1993)
 * Life, Death, and Other Morbid Tales (1994)
 * La Danse Macabre (1996)
 * Songs for the Apocalypse, Vol. 4 (1997)

Former members

 * Messiah Marcolin – vocals
 * Mike Wead – guitars
 * Nikkey Argento – guitars
 * Marty Marteen – bass
 * Tom Bjorn – drums
 * Kristian Andrén – vocals
 * Miguel Robaina – keyboards
 * Snowy Shaw – drums
 * Johan Billerhag (a.k.a. "Billy St. John") – drums

title: Memento Mori (band)


text:
Annai Hajira Women's College

Annai Hajira Women's College, is a women's general degree college located in Melapalayam, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu. It was established in the year 2004. The college is affiliated with Manonmaniam Sundaranar University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

Science

 * Physics
 * Mathematics
 * Computer Science
 * Chemistry

Arts and Commerce

 * English
 * Commerce

Accreditation
The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).

title: Annai Hajira Women's College


text:
Web Design/Australian Qualifications

Web Design < Qualifications

This page lists the current (or soon to be endorsed) national Web Design qualifications in Australia.

ICA40305 Certificate IV in Information Technology (Websites)
This qualification is in the final stages of review prior to being endorsed by the Department of Education, Science and Training. It forms part of the ICA05 training package (View the ICA05 Training Package Status).

To attain this qualification within Australia, you must demonstrate your competence in 25 units as follows (include link to NTIS when new qualification is available):
 * 12 core units, plus
 * 9 units from the Design stream OR 8 units from the Administration stream, plus
 * 4 elective units

(Eventually you can) Click on a competency below to see the specific learning outcomes and links to learning activities that may give you ideas for demonstrating your competence.

Core Units of Competency

 * BSBCMN304A Contribute to personal skill development and learning (needs Ideas for demonstrating competence)
 * CUSADM08A Address copyright requirements (not yet written)
 * ICAA4041A Determine and confirm client business expectations and needs(not yet written)
 * ICAB4135A Create a simple mark-up language document to specification(not yet written)
 * CIAB4225A Automate processes(not yet written)
 * ICAD4043A Develop and present a feasibility report(not yet written)
 * ICAD4217A Create technical documentation(not yet written)
 * ICAI4189A Ensure website content meets technical protocols and standards(not yet written)
 * ICAT4221A Locate equipment, system and software faults(not yet written)
 * ICAU4205A Select and employ software and hardware tools(not yet written)
 * ICAW4214A Maintain ethical conduct(not yet written)
 * PSPPM402A Implement projects(not yet written)

Specialist Core Stream - Design

 * ICAA4142A Design a website to meet technical requirements
 * ICAA4233A Determine and apply appropriate development methodologies
 * ICAB4137A Produce basic client side script for dynamic web pages
 * ICAB4171A Develop cascading style sheets
 * ICAD4198A Develop guidelines for up-loading information to a website
 * ICAS4201A Transfer content to a website using commercial packages
 * ICAT4183A Confirm accessibility of website for people with special needs
 * ICAU4207A Apply web authoring tool to convert client data for websites

Suggested Elective Units

 * ICAB5165A Create dynamic web pages
 * ICAB5180A Integrate database with a website
 * ICAA5146A Develop website information architecture
 * ICAA5141A Design dynamic websites to meet technical requirements

Other related units

 * ICAB4222A Apply introductory programming skills in another language

ICA50605 Diploma of Information Technology (Website Development)
This qualification is in the final stages of review prior to being endorsed by the Department of Education, Science and Training. It forms part of the ICA05 training package (View the ICA05 Training Package Status).

title: Web Design/Australian Qualifications


text:
Talk:Dave Rock

Delete
The Dave Rock, former drummer of Rilo Kiley, is not this same person (who was not about 12 when the band was founded) discussed here. And I'm not sure he qualifies for his own page anyway. I'm removing the obvious non-notable info and recommending the page for deletion. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:30, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dave Rock


text:
Special representative of the Government of Karnataka to the Union Government

Special representative of the Government of Karnataka to the Union Government is the post created by Government of Karnataka. It carries the privileges equivalent to Cabinet Minister in Government of Karnataka.

Background
Southern States of India have felt they lack requisite support to co-ordinate with Government of India to get funds, support and fervour to their states. Hence, they have preferred to appoint a dedicated liaison person, seated at National Capital Delhi to ensure optimal benefit to their states.

Karnataka started this practice in 2007 by appointing V. Dhananjay Kumar. Later, post of Additional Special Representative was created in 2009, to assist in securing better support from Union Government.

List of People
Special representative of the Government of Karnataka to the Union Government is a political appointee. Additional Special representative of the Government of Karnataka to the Union Government
 * V. Dhananjay Kumar
 * C.S.Nadagouda
 * Syed Mohid Altaf
 * Shankargouda Patil
 * Saleem Ahmed


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Descent (1995 video game)/archive1

Descent (1995 video game)

 * Nominator(s): Gamingforfun 3 6 5 23:28, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

According to the article, Descent is "a spacecraft-based first-person shooter and shoot 'em up video game developed by Parallax Software and released by Interplay Productions in 1995". The subject is considered iconic for its unique combination of the six degrees of freedom and first-person shooter mechanics, and its success led to two immediate sequels: Descent II and Descent 3, also receiving critical acclaim.

Before I became a major contributor to it, the article was a mess. It had technical information that was not suitable for Wikipedia, as well as an inadequate lead and several inappropriate uses of news and announcements, particularly in the lead. I rewrote the lead to summarize the entire article and replaced the technical information with a history of the game's development. I managed to find an abundance of sources on the Internet, and I used them for expansion and to verify numerous unsourced contents. When I was done, I then took this article to GA, which passed the review, and even during and after the review, I made other improvements not addressed in the review such as correcting dates of the sales charts and adding an alt text for the cover art.

With my involvement, I have demonstrated passion and eagerness in fixing the article. In that, I have also demonstrated the patience needed to become familiar with the FA criteria and prepare the article for the status. There are no edit wars or any obvious mistakes, so I can reasonably expect constructive criticism with which I can readily and easily improve the article. Gamingforfun 3 6 5 23:28, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Coord note
Hi, I think this is your first FAC -- if so, a belated welcome! Generally we close reviews that haven't attracted any commentary after two or three weeks but I'll give this some more time. Can I suggest that you actively seek some reviews from members of related projects? Also you might care to review a few active FAC noms -- not that we encourage quid pro quo reviews (and certainly not qpq supports) but reviewing does get you noticed and can lead to others reviewing your work. Cheers, Ian Rose (talk) 07:19, 13 October 2019 (UTC)

Comment
This is by way of a kick-start, hopefully. I'm well out of my comfort zone here, belonging as I do to the pre-Merlin era, and I don't normally even try to review video game article, but a few odd comments might be useful to you, and may encourage others with more knowledge to delve a little deeper.
 * General; the prose looks reasonably fluent and well prepared, but without knowledge of the jargon I found a few terms hard to understand. It's worth remembering that Wikipedia articles are for a general readership, not merely for those with specific knowledge of or interest in the topic. What Wikipedia is not is relevant here.
 * I noticed, tacked on to a paragraph end, the obervation "No further announcement about it has been made since". This may be true now, but it might not always be. There's no need to report on something that hasn't happened, so I'd drop this.
 * Likewise I saw "to no avail" added. This should either be within the reference or, as above, dropped, or reworded in some way.
 * I saw a number of examples of multiple citation strings, some containing nine, ten or eleven separate citations. It's hard to imagine that they are all necessary in these cases. For example, why does the simple sentence "Common complaints tended to focus on Descent's ability to disorient players, as well as potentially induce motion sickness" require nine citations? Where multiple citation is unavoidable, you should use bundling.

That's all from me for the moment. My guess is that this well-written article will be appreciated by the cognoscenti, and I look forward to seeing how it fares in this review. Brianboulton (talk) 23:05, 14 October 2019 (UTC)

Two weeks later: No acknowledgement, no response. If you show no interest in your own nomination, why should anyone else bother? Brianboulton (talk) 23:32, 27 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Are you still paying attention to this nomination? GamerPro64  01:05, 28 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Does this October 16 edit answer?  GaɱingFørFuɲ 3 6 5 01:15, 28 October 2019 (UTC)
 * You should at least acknowledge the FAC then. Because you have not worked on the article in eleven days between that edit and Brian's comment. GamerPro64  15:56, 28 October 2019 (UTC)
 * You do have a point. I was awfully quiet when I read Brian's first comment and addressed some of the issues, and I did leave quietly like a clever mouse after I made the edits. That type of nonverbal language does imply that I do not take this FAC seriously. That will change, and the mouse will no longer be silent.  GaɱingFørFuɲ 3 6 5 07:25, 30 October 2019 (UTC)

Coordinator comment - This has been open for well over a month without any declaration of support for promotion, and doesn't seem to be heading in the right direction at present. Therefore, I will be archiving it shortly and it may be re-nominated after the customary two-week waiting period. In the mean time, please action feedback as appropriate. -- Laser brain  (talk)  10:28, 1 November 2019 (UTC) -- Laser brain  (talk)  10:28, 1 November 2019 (UTC)


text:
Petri Tuomi-Nikula

Petri Tuomi-Nikula (born  12 January 1951 )  is a Finnish diplomat. He has been the Ambassador of Finland to Italy, Malta and San Marino from 2010 to 2015. Since the beginning of 2016, he has been the Finnish Ambassador to Hungary and Slovenia.

Tuomi-Nikula is a Master of Political Science from the University of Helsinki, specializing in political history. His spouse is Merja Tuomi-Nikula (née Pörhö), a specialist doctor in gynecology and childbirth. His brother is Jorma Tuomi-Nikula.

Career
From 2005 to 2010, Tuomi-Nikula was the Head of the Communications and Culture Department of at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. He has served as a press and cultural officer in Finnish missions in Bonn, Vienna and London

He served as the Secretary General during the First EU Presidency of Finland  from 1996 to 2000 and as Secretary General of the International Advisory Board from 1989 to 2000. He was Chairman of Finland Promotion Board from  2005 to 2010 and has been a member of the  Country Brand Delegation led by Jorma Ollila.

In 1980 Tuomi-Nikula launched MTV3's Ten O'Clock news. Before that, he worked as a journalist at the Finnish News Agency and in the Vaasa magazine. From 2000 to 2003 he served as the Communications and Marketing Director at the Fujitsu Finland.

Other positions
Tuomi-Nikula is a founding member of the Pro Opera Association and Chaired the Board the Association in the 1990s. He has been Chairman of the Finnish Museum Association, a Member of the Savonlinna Opera Festival since 2009 and Chairman of the Board of the Funding Fund for Fulbright Scholarships in Finland 2005–2010.

title: Petri Tuomi-Nikula


text:
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Science/2019 September 13

= September 13 =

Sprayed concrete lining
Can sprayed concrete lining be used for tunneling any type of ground including sand for example? How do you prevent collapse of excavation between excavating and spraying suck? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:13, 13 September 2019 (UTC)

 * You'd need some type of temporary structure to hold back the sand until the concrete sets. Another concern is that getting concrete to set in such an environment may be difficult. Massive fans would be needed to bring in fresh air, and maintaining the desired temperature may also be difficult. SinisterLefty (talk) 08:36, 13 September 2019 (UTC)
 * See Tunnel construction. Some tunnel boring machines have pressurised compartments at the front end, allowing them to be used in difficult conditions below the water table. Unstable wet soil can be temporarily stabilised by freezing. DroneB (talk) 11:47, 13 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Yes, see Shotcrete for one system. Stabilisation at the tunnelling face itself is done by some development of the tunnelling shield invented two hundred years ago by Brunel. Freezing is sometimes used, but probably not in sand (wet sand isn't common, as it would either be washed out already, or else it's only a shallow marine deposit and so would be easier to tunnel by the cut and cover approach.). Andy Dingley (talk) 13:33, 13 September 2019 (UTC)

Root canal treatment by vacuum suction
Is it theoretically possible to do root canal treatment by vacuum suction (specifically canal cleaning), without local anesthesia? Not a medical advice. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:21, 13 September 2019 (UTC)
 * That's kind of two questions. Do you want them tied together, or answered separately? --OuroborosCobra (talk) 18:31, 13 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Complete cleaning of infected pulp requires skilled use of Endodontic files and reamers (or a rotary file) or decay will continue. Alternatives such as lasers or vacuum suction have not been proven adequate. It is theoretically possible to operate without anesthesia but a patient would surely prefer medication such as Diazepam to reduce pain and anxiety in dentistry. DroneB (talk) 19:07, 13 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Diazepam is not a pain reliever. Local anesthesia is used. AboutFace 22 (talk) 21:40, 13 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Sedation is more commonly used than anaesthesia. Also the anaesthesia for root canal treatment is quite complicated, so generally not preferred.
 * Suction wouldn't work for root canal work. The tissue to be removed is not only the necrotic (so easily removed) but also some (currently) healthy tissue which can't be preserved (that's pretty much the definition). So it can't be removed easily by mere suction.  Also the canal will need work to smooth it out, so that the mechanical obturation put in place afterwards will be reliable. Andy Dingley (talk) 23:19, 13 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Unless you're torturing someone, either local or general anesthesia is necessary regardless of what tools are used. Root canal treatment involves opening the tooth and removing the pulp, which contains nerves. This is excruciatingly painful if the pain is not blocked. Toothache is often caused by inflammation of this pulp. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:56, 14 September 2019 (UTC)

I watched my wife have a root canal without anesthesia, this was her choice, did not flinch. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:49, 16 September 2019 (UTC)

 * That would be because the nerve was already dead (unless she is incredibly brave and can mentally block out pain). I found the process unpleasant even with a local anaesthetic.   Dbfirs  13:35, 16 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Are you sure you're not conflating local and general anesthesia? Local anesthesia is when the dentist injects anesthetic around the nerve going to the tooth. This is done for fillings and other procedures. General anesthesia is inducing a coma. (As long as we're trading war stories, I had my impacted wisdom teeth removed with just local anesthesia and nitrous oxide. Didn't feel any pain even though they were nice and deep in the jaw, and one tooth had to be broken to be removed. The unpleasant part was the pain following the procedure. The co-codamol I was prescribed did nothing, so I spent the next few days swapping ice packs and guzzling ibuprofen.) --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:15, 16 September 2019 (UTC)