text:
Palm Beach, New Zealand

Palm Beach is a settlement on Waiheke Island in northern New Zealand. The eponymous beach is named for phoenix palms at the eastern end, and has safe swimming and white sand.

Demographics
The statistical area of Oneroa East-Palm Beach, which includes several bays on the north coast of Waiheke, covers 3.67 km2 and had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Oneroa East-Palm Beach had a population of 1,254 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 75 people (6.4%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 117 people (10.3%) since the 2006 census. There were 513 households, comprising 612 males and 642 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.95 males per female. The median age was 47.0 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 192 people (15.3%) aged under 15 years, 171 (13.6%) aged 15 to 29, 600 (47.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 288 (23.0%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 90.7% European/Pākehā, 10.8% Māori, 4.1% Pacific peoples, 3.1% Asian, and 3.8% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 31.1, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 60.8% had no religion, 24.6% were Christian, 1.4% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.7% were Hindu, 0.5% were Muslim, 0.7% were Buddhist and 5.0% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 384 (36.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 102 (9.6%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $33,700, compared with $31,800 nationally. 261 people (24.6%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 477 (44.9%) people were employed full-time, 189 (17.8%) were part-time, and 18 (1.7%) were unemployed.

title: Palm Beach, New Zealand


text:
Hypopyra pallidigera

Hypopyra pallidigera is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found on Borneo and Sumatra. The habitat consists of lowland dipterocarp forests.

The wingspan is about 35 mm for males and 38 mm for females. Adults are similar to Hypopyra ossigera, but has a paler, fawn ground colour with faintly darker blackish brown fasciation.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hypopyra pallidigera


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wolf-in-sheep's-clothing

The result was delete and redirect to Wolf in sheep's clothing. Vanamonde (Talk) 15:01, 1 October 2019 (UTC)

Wolf-in-sheep's-clothing

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Non-notable minor D&D monster. A search did not turn up any external critique, analysis or what have you from reliable sources. Fails WP:GNG. ZXCVBNM (TALK) 14:52, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Fictional elements-related deletion discussions. ZXCVBNM (TALK) 14:52, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Games-related deletion discussions. ZXCVBNM (TALK) 14:52, 24 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete and Redirect to Wolf in sheep's clothing. Super minor, unnotable fictional creature, so it certainly should not be an independent article.  And, while it isn't the most obvious search term, I'm willing to bet that people who would actually do a search for this is looking for the article on the well known idiom.  Rorshacma (talk) 15:00, 24 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete and Redirect to Wolf in sheep's clothing per Rorshacma. Mosaicberry (talk • contribs) 16:43, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete and Redirect to Wolf in sheep's clothing per Rorshacma. I am uncertain if people will actually type this out in the search bar with the hyphens and all, but there is enough of a possibility that a redirect could be helpful. Aoba47 (talk) 20:29, 24 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Science fiction-related deletion discussions. Necrothesp (talk) 10:38, 25 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Keep or merge to Index of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition monsters. BOZ (talk) 14:13, 27 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Delete - Non-notable topic. TTN (talk) 11:15, 1 October 2019 (UTC)


text:
Filmmaking Basics/3D Storyboard/The SBTDS movie

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" Turn you 2D storyboards into high quality storyboards with FrameForge 3D Studio free demo version
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Cornsilk;" |

{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
 * bgcolor=Cornsilk | [[Image:Helena Lundvall Thumbnail tinycc.png|200px]]
 * bgcolor=Cornsilk |

Convert your thumbnail storyboard

 * You have completed your thumbnail storyboards.

 * Now you are ready to convert your thumbnail storyboard into a 3D storyboard.

 * bgcolor=Cornsilk | [[Image:Kasturika storyboard page.png|200px]]
 * }

 * }

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" Getting started with FrameForge 3D Studio
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Cornsilk;" |

3D Storyboarding with FrameForge 3D Studio free demo version

 * For now, just drag two actors onto the movie set and begin filming them.

 * Later, you can download the movie set file at from the FrameForge community forum or you can go to the instructions for creating a movie set in FrameForge 3D Studio free demo version. (If you have problems downloading the movie set, I can email you a copy.)

 * When you think that you are pretty good with FrameForge 3D Studio, go look at the storyboards of Gare Cline.

 * Also, you can try the free DAZ Studio with NOT free digital puppets for Poser.

 * }

{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 55%; background-color: LightYellow; border: 1px solid Gray; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="1" |

Our Goals

 * Storyboards

 * These storyboard images are important. Here is what we will do with these images

 * Turn the storyboards into an animatic
 * 1. First you create the storyboards with FrameForge 3D Studio and send me the project file.

 * 2. Later, the pictures from FrameForge 3D Studio free demo version will be put into an editing program.  Therefore, these storyboards are useful.

 * 3. Before you do this, you must record the dialog (the actor's words).  Then the dialog is also put into the editing program.

 * 4. The music must also be selected (or created) and put into the editing program.

 * 5. From these three elements, a movie of STILL images (not animated images) will be created.  This movie is NOT an animated movie.  This movie is only a movie of the still images.

 * style="width: 45%; background-color: cornsilk; border: 1px solid Gray; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px; height: 100px;" rowspan="1" |

What is an animatic?

 * A movie of storyboards
 * This movie of the still images (which is called an "animatic") is very useful. Even though it is very simple, it helps us look at the timing for the final movie.

 * For simple movies, this is not important. But for complex movies, the animatic is very important.

 * The animatic tells us if the movie will be good or if the movie will be bad BEFORE we film the movie. This is very important.

 * Therefore, the pictures that you create with FrameForge 3D Studio free demo version must be very good pictures.

 * }

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" You need to practice with FrameForge 3D Studio
 * colspan="2" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Cornsilk;" |

The next page

 * Look at a simple example of a storyboard created with FrameForge 3D Studio free demo version.

 * }


text:
Talk:RRH Saxa Vord

Although Saxa may not have been granted the status of being a station, I'm pretty sure that it was not unmanned from 2000 to 2004. Greenshed 01:44, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

The second and third of the external links don't exist anymore. They should be removed by whoever put them there. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:07, 22 March 2012 (UTC)

'Future' section
This section reads like advertising copy - it looks very much like a promotional piece has been inserted by a person connected with the business venture in question. Whatever the case, there is a lot of unsourced material which is clearly based on opinion rather than fact. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:06, 27 November 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:RRH Saxa Vord


text:
2017 Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship

The 2017 Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 53rd staging of the Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1929. The championship began on 16 September 2017 and ended on 22 October 2017.

On 22 October 2017, St. Patrick's Ballyragget won the championship after a 1–19 to 2–10 defeat of Graigue-Ballycallan in the final at Nowlan Park. It was their second championship overall and their first title since 1979.

St. Patrick's Ballyragget's Kevin Kelly was the championship's top scorer with 4-27.

To Championship
Promoted from the Kilkenny Junior Hurling Championship
 * Mooncoin

Relegated from the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
 * Fenians

From Championship
Promoted to the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
 * Carrickshock

Relegated to the Kilkenny Junior Hurling Championship
 * Conahy Shamrocks

Top scorers

 * Top scorers overall

 * Top scorers in a single game


text:
Cookbook:Kosher

Kosher refers to that which is prepared in accordance with Jewish law. Kosher foods are foods that practicing Jews are allowed to consume. The specific rules are enumerated in the Torah and refined in the Talmud. There are two groups of rules: what can be eaten and how it can be prepared.

What can be eaten?

 * Any fish that has both scales and fins. This means that shellfish are not kosher, and neither are fish like catfish.

 * Any land animal that chews its cud and has split hooves. Sheep and cows are kosher animals, while pigs, horses, and dogs are not kosher. Pigs do have a split hoof, but they do not chew their cud, so they are not kosher. Both deer and goats are kosher if properly slaughtered. There are also restrictions as to what parts of the animal may be eaten. Some parts may never be eaten and some are not normally processed as kosher meat in the United States, due to the additional labor involved.  Kosher hot dogs cannot contain some of the filler and miscellaneous scraps that are added to most non-kosher hot dogs.

 * The Torah contains a list of non-kosher birds, predominantly scavengers and predators. Kosher birds include duck, chicken, and turkey. Ostrich is not kosher.

 * There are some kosher insects, types of grasshopper or locust. Ashkenazi and most Sephardi groups have lost the tradition of which exact species are kosher, but Yemenites and some Mizrachi groups have maintained this tradition and can properly identify them (though to most Westerners the prospect of eating insects is not appealing, rendering this a largely academic point).

 * There is a special, more strict set of rules for the period of Passover that excludes most wheat products and yeast. The Ashkenazi community also forbids rice, corn, and bean during this time.

 * No blood of any kind is to be eaten.

 * Eggs from kosher birds are kosher. Eggs are not used if any blood spots are found.

 * Honey made by bees is kosher even though it is processed by a non-kosher insect.

 * An animal that is sick or injured cannot be eaten. Roadkill is not kosher.

 * All kosher animals must be slaughtered properly in order for the meat to be permissible.

 * There are some restrictions on plants. They must be checked for insects.

 * Any beverages made from grapes, including grape juice and wine, require special processing and supervision to be kosher.

 * Gelatin is usually made from nonkosher animals' hooves or bones, but it is possible to get kosher gelatin either made from kosher fish, kosher animals or vegetable products.

 * Ask a local rabbi or kosher organization for more details.

Preparation

 * It is not enough for an animal to be kosher; the animal must also be slaughtered in a specific way as to minimise the amount of pain it feels.

 * Meat must be "kashered", which removes the blood from the meat. This is done either by salting or roasting. Most kosher meat that one can buy is already kashered.

 * Milk and meat cannot be cooked or eaten together. This includes eating dairy and meat within certain time periods. Depending on the family's custom, this is over 5 hours or 3 hours before consuming dairy products after meat products. Some hold that it is permissible to wash out your mouth before consuming meat products after dairy products, except for aged cheese, which requires the same waiting period as is required to eat dairy after meat. One must have two entirely different sets of cooking pots and table dishes for milk and meat. Both birds and mammals are considered meat, while fish, insects, and eggs are considered to be neither dairy or meat. Fish can be eaten with meat or dairy, although some hold that one should not eat fish and meat off of the same dish. Some Jews of Sephardic backgrounds follow Maimonides' ruling, and do not mix fish with dairy products of any kind.

Store-bought goods
The U or K within a circle are two of many symbols used by Jews in the USA to identify kosher products. A "plain k" [a K all by itself] does not mean that the food is certified kosher, but rather that the company declares it to be kosher. Many Jews do not accept "plain k" as a legitimate kashrut certification. Some Jews will not accept certain certifications, as interpretations and levels of observance vary from Jew to Jew.

Entertaining
If you are entertaining for people that you know or think may keep kosher, be sure to ask them about their personal rules, as there are many interpretations and subtle variations. Depending on their observance, they may be fine eating a vegetarian dish cooked in your home, or may not be comfortable doing anything more than eating unprepared fruit. Strict Kashrut includes categorizing the cooking vessels, the serving containers, the cutlery and the cooking surfaces as kosher or non-kosher as well. Generally, if a pot has been previously used to cook non-kosher meat, one cannot use it to produce a kosher meal.

Holidays
Holidays from an important part in the Jewish life, and have many special foods and meals associated with them. Passover in particular has an entire cuisine, due to the prohibition of leavened breads. For recipes that are kosher specifically for Passover, see Category:Passover recipes.

title: Cookbook:Kosher


text:
Ed McMullen

Edward Thomas McMullen Jr. (born May 1, 1964) is an American political strategist and diplomat, who served as the United States Ambassador to Switzerland from 2017 to 2021.

Early life and education
McMullen was born on May 1, 1964, in New York City, but mostly grew-up in Port Jefferson, New York, where he attended Port Jefferson High School, graduating in 1983, before studying Political Science at Hampden-Sydney College, a private college, located in Hampden Sydney, Virginia. He graduated in 1986 with a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science.

Career
Prior to his appointment as Ambassador, he was the president of McMullen Public Affairs, an advertising and corporate public affairs company. In the 2002 election, he was a candidate in the Republican primary for South Carolina Secretary of State, losing to Mark Hammond who subsequently won the general election.

McMullen was involved with Trump's successful 2016 presidential campaign, acting as chairman of the candidate's South Carolina Republican primary efforts, helping to plan the 2016 Republican National Convention, and serving as a member of Trump's transition team and as vice chair of the Trump inaugural committee.

McMullen left office on January 17, 2021.

Family
McMullen is married to Margaret Ann (née Wade) and has two children. Since his resignation from his Ambassador post in Switzerland, he moved back to Charleston, South Carolina.

title: Ed McMullen


text:
Talk:Christopher of Prague

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130507162419/http://www.christofor.cz/media to http://www.christofor.cz/media/
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title: Talk:Christopher of Prague


text:
çağ

Etymology
From. According to Doerfer, the sense 'time' is a later development, the original sense being 'measure ("")'. For the semantic development in adjectival senses, see 🇨🇬. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (←Tatar), 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) time
 * 2)  days, hour, time
 * 3)  the space between the joints on a finger
 * 4)  spoke
 * 1)  the space between the joints on a finger
 * 2)  spoke
 * 1)  the space between the joints on a finger
 * 2)  spoke
 * 1)  spoke

Adjective

 * 1) healthy, peppy, full of energy
 * 2) plump, well-fed
 * 3) cheerful, happy, joyful
 * 1) cheerful, happy, joyful

Noun

 * 1) era

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) era, epoch, age, period
 * 2) age
 * 1) age

title: çağ


text:
Talk:Bom Jesus (ship)

Untitled
There is enough material here for a high quality article, but I don't have the time right now. I threw this up and piled all the un-mined sources on the end in hopes that someone else may be interested. The creation of a museum is a major issue for the whole country of Namibia and UNESCO. Maybe it's already completed, I couldn't tell. Also there are many scholarly sources for this in German which I am unable to work with. Thank you. Luke Kindred (talk) 16:09, 23 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Would you be opposed to allowing me to edit this article and continue to add relevant information? AlbertAllmand (talk) 02:21, 23 February 2021 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 25 January 2021 and 6 May 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): AlbertAllmand. Peer reviewers: Jesusgalvan0055, Maggie Katongo.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 16:05, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bom Jesus (ship)


text:
Zimino

Zimino (Зимино) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Ziminsky Selsoviet, Rebrikhinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 997 as of 2013. There are 11 streets.

Geography
Zimino is located 32 km southeast of Rebrikha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ploskoseminsky is the nearest rural locality.

title: Zimino


text:
avslutte

Etymology
From, a compound word of and , conclude, finish), probably a loan-translation from  (compare with 🇨🇬). Compare to 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to finish, end, conclude
 * De valgte å avslutte forholdet.
 * They chose to end the relationship.
 * Gudstjenesten ble avsluttet med stille bønn.
 * The (church) service was concluded with a silent prayer.
 * Løperen startet rolig men avsluttet med en kjempespurt.
 * The runner started out slowly but finished with a huge spurt.
 * 1) complete, to close (shut down, bring to a state of completion)
 * Endelig fikk de avsluttet handelen.
 * They finally closed the deal.
 * Hvordan avslutter man dette programmet?
 * How do you close this program?

Synonyms

 * (finish, end), , , , ,
 * (complete, close), , , , ,

title: avslutte


text:
File:WY LMF.jpg

Summary
single cover, scanned by me

Fair use rationale for Light My Fire
This image is subject to copyright. I feel it is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) it is a low resolution copy of a CD album cover;
 * 2) it does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD album in any way;
 * 3) copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.

title: File:WY LMF.jpg


text:
Talk:Buffalo Lake, Minnesota

Shouldn't this be classified a 'small town' rather than 'city', as it has less than 1,000 residents? Fatfingers 23:01, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110721034521/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST13&prodType=table to http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST13&prodType=table
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160121024556/http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=MN&county=Renville to http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=MN&county=Renville
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fwww%2Fgazetteer%2Ffiles%2FGaz_places_national.txt to http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:20, 10 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Buffalo Lake, Minnesota


text:
mascul

Etymology
From through. , which was inherited from Latin.

Adjective

 * 1)  male; having necessary elements for impregnation

Noun

 * 1) male

title: mascul


text:
User:AbdfggZtype

Frequency official band is an independent band of students in New South Wales Members: Ethan Lancaster(drums) Evan Davies (guitar) Liam Thomas Former members: Charlie Willis Rosy Reed???

title: User:AbdfggZtype


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/naijawhistle.com.ng

Links

 * naijawhistle.com.ng resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 4 additions.


text:
Phaedropsis collustralis

Phaedropsis collustralis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Heinrich Benno Möschler in 1886. It is found in Jamaica.

title: Phaedropsis collustralis


text:
Denys Kesil

Denys Serhiyovych Kesil (Денис Сергійович Кесіль; born 26 October 2000) is a Ukrainian swimmer.

Career
He represented Ukraine at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea. In the same year, he won the silver medal in the men's 200 metre butterfly event at the 2019 Military World Games held in Wuhan, China.

In 2018, he represented Ukraine at the Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He won the silver medal in the boys' 200 metre butterfly event. He also competed in the boys' 50 metre butterfly and boys' 100 metre butterfly events.

In 2021, he represented Ukraine at the belated 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, placing twenty-first in the men's 200 meter butterfly event.

title: Denys Kesil


text:
1893 Kansas Jayhawks football team

The 1893 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Western Interstate University Football Association (WIUFA) during the 1893 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach A. W. Shepard. Despite finishing with a 2–5 overall record and being outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 108 to 85, the Jayhawks were WIUFA co-champions due to their 2–1 conference record. The Jayhawks one home game at McCook Field in Lawrence, Kansas. A. R. Champlin was the team captain.

title: 1893 Kansas Jayhawks football team


text:
Talk:David Rosen (artist)

listed as an art therapist?
This article is linked to the category:art therapists, so that it automatically appears in a list of people who are art therapists. Perhaps this was an error which can be corrected. I note that this person had an article written about his art entitled "art as therapy". However, this is not the same as being an art therapist. This is a term for a person with an advanced degree or similar in the field of art therapy. Can you please provide a reference to show that this person is an art therapist, such as publications within art therapy journals? Thanks! Anne9853 (talk) 02:51, 21 January 2015 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130623210138/http://davidgrantrosen.com/ to http://www.davidgrantrosen.com/

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title: Talk:David Rosen (artist)


text:
User:Munene Eric Linturi

Munene Eric Linturi is a Youth Leader and web designer from Kenya Meru County

He was Born in the year 1996

Went to primary school in St Francis Academy Kangeta

High school Meru school

Bachelors Degree In the University of Nairobi

he is currently working as a freelance web designer

title: User:Munene Eric Linturi


text:
Talk:E flat major

E flat major
There's already e-flat major, which seems to be more complete. I don't see any reason for having both, except for maybe a redirect. Nadando 05:18, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

 * You mean a "soft redirect?" (For differences of form, we avoid hard #REDIRECTS.)  Well, the soft redirect, maybe.  Looking at http://books.google.com/books?q=%22E+flat+major%22 I see a pretty even distribution after the first page of results.  "E flat" itself is a noun, right?  The adjective (modifier) usually comes first, combined with a hyphen if the result is an adjective.  Since "E flat" in "E flat major" isn't being used as an adjective, the hyphen seems to be wrong.  But I don't think it would be correct to recommend one over the other, as both are so prevalent.  --Connel MacKenzie 06:11, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

 * E flat is acting as a modifier to major. I'm not entirely sure if it should be hyphenated since flat modifies E, which is not the typical order. But even if it should be hyphenated technically, such a compound phrases tend to lose the hyphen as they become well-known anyway. So personally I wouldn't hyphenate it either. DAVilla 07:35, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Isn't major acting as a modifier to E flat in 'E flat major'? The entire phrase acts as a noun.  I think recommending the hyphenated version is therefore wrong; the hyphenated version should soft-link to the unhyphenated version.  --Connel MacKenzie 16:42, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Oh I see what you mean. Actually I wonder if E flat and major are both modifying scale or chord which is implied. Regardless... DAVilla 18:56, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

Struck, labeled as alternative spelling. DAVilla 07:35, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

 * In my experience, the musical keys are always capitalized: key of C, E flat, A sharp, middle C, high G#, etc. I’ve seen both hyphenated and unhyphenated forms (E flat major or E-flat major), but usually without the hyphen. —Stephen 11:28, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:E flat major


text:
Australia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015

Australia debuted in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 by invitation from the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) as a "one-off" special guest to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Eurovision. The country participated with the song "Tonight Again" written by Guy Sebastian, David Ryan Harris and Louis Schoorl. The song was performed by Guy Sebastian, who was internally selected by the Australian broadcaster Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) to represent that nation at the 2015 contest in Vienna, Austria. Sebastian was announced as the Australian representative on 3 March 2015 during a press conference in Sydney. The song Sebastian performed, "Tonight Again", was presented to the public on 16 March 2015. The Australian coloratura soprano of Armenian descent Mary-Jean O'Doherty also participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 contest as part of the group Genealogy representing Armenia, but this marked the first time that the country has officially participated.

Along with the members of the "Big Five" and Austria, Australia automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. In the final, Australia performed in position 12 and placed fifth out of the 27 participating countries, scoring 196 points. In terms of individual votes, Austria, Denmark, Hungary, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, San Marino, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom all placed Australia in the top three. Host nation Austria and winner of the contest Sweden awarded 12 points to Australia.

Following the 2015 contest, the EBU has considered the possibility of similarly inviting other guest countries to future editions of the contest. However, it was revealed in May 2015 that Australia might become a permanent participant following some reports by executive supervisor Jon Ola Sand to the Swedish broadcaster. In November 2015, the EBU announced that SBS had been invited to participate in the 2016 contest and that Australia would once again take part.

Background
Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) has broadcast the Eurovision Song Contest since 1983, and the contest has gained a cult following over that time, primarily due to the country's strong political and cultural ties with Europe. Paying tribute to this, the 2014 contest semi-finals included an interval act featuring Australian singer Jessica Mauboy. Australian singers have also participated at Eurovision as representatives of other countries, including Olivia Newton-John (1974, ), two-time winner Johnny Logan (1980 and 1987, ), Gina G (1996, United Kingdom), and Jane Comerford as lead singer of Texas Lightning (2006, ).

Tying in with the goal of Eurovision—to showcase "the importance of bringing countries together to celebrate diversity, music and culture", the 2015 theme of "Building Bridges", and arguing that they could not hold "the world's biggest party" to celebrate the 60th edition of Eurovision without inviting Australia, the EBU announced on 10 February 2015 that the country would compete at that year's edition as a special guest participant. Along with the "Big Five" (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom), and the host country of Austria, Australia was given automatic entry into the final to "not reduce the chances" of the semi-final participants.

Internal selection
SBS announced that the Australian entry for the 2015 Eurovision Song Contest would be selected internally. On 16 February 2015, SBS announced an open submission for interested artists and songwriters to submit their entries until 20 February 2015. Artists and songwriters could hold any nationality, however preference would be given for citizens or permanent residents of Australia. In addition to the open call for submissions, additional entries were provided by artists and record companies directly invited by SBS.

Guy Sebastian was announced as the artist that would represent Australia at the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 on 5 March 2015. The announcement was made during a press conference which took place at the Sydney Opera House and hosted by Julia Zemiro and Sam Pang. In regards to his selection as the Australian representative, Sebastian stated: "It's incredibly exciting to be given the opportunity to perform at the Eurovision Song Contest. It is the biggest music event in the world with an amazing history and tradition and I'm truly honoured to be invited to represent Australia in its first time ever in the competition" Guy Sebastian was not the only Australian participating in the 2015 contest; Australian soprano Mary-Jean O'Doherty participated as a member of Genealogy, a group representing Armenia that consisted primarily of Armenian diaspora, while the Russian song was co-written by an Australian, Katrina Noorbergen, who also performed backing vocals for their representative Polina Gagarina. The official video and digital download release of Guy Sebastian's Eurovision song, "Tonight Again", occurred on 16 March 2015. The song was written by Sebastian along with David Ryan Harris and Louis Schoorl. "When it came time to decide on a song, I thought since I had a couple of days off in Australia I would try and write something new. But if I was to record a new song I wanted it to be home-grown and organic with my band in my studio. Truly, we jumped in the studio and let it happen because I wanted to write something fun! We all have moments you don’t want to end and you wish you could live those moments every day so I wanted to write a song about that feeling. I am sure that is how I am going to feel when I am in Vienna performing."

At Eurovision
According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Five" (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top ten countries from each semi-final progress to the final. Due to the special circumstances surrounding Australia's entry and "to not reduce the chances" of the semi-final participants, contest organisers allowed Australia to compete directly in the grand final on 23 May 2015 without pre-qualification. This raised the number of competitors in the grand final to 27. As part of their guest participation, Australia was also allowed to vote in both semi-finals as well as the grand final.

In Australia, both semi-finals and the final were broadcast live on SBS One at 5am AEST, allowing Australia to participate in the official voting period. In addition to live broadcasts early on Wednesday, Friday and Sunday mornings, all three shows were replayed in primetime on Friday, Saturday and Sunday nights. The commentators for all three shows were Julia Zemiro and Sam Pang. The Australian spokesperson, who announced the Australian votes during the final, was Lee Lin Chin. Chin was announced as Australia's voting spokesperson on an episode of The Feed on 18 May 2015.

According to OzTAM viewership ratings for metropolitan markets, the first semi-final attracted 75,000 viewers watching live on 20 May, with an additional 500,000 viewers watching a primetime replay on 22 May. The replay was the most watched program on any Australian television channel with viewers aged 16–39 on 22 May. The second semi-final was watched by 61,000 viewers live on 22 May, and an additional 639,000 viewers watching a primetime replay on 23 May. The latter is a record audience for any Eurovision broadcast in Australian history. The replay was also the most watched television program with viewers aged 16–49, and second most watched with viewers 25-54 on 23 May. The final was broadcast live on 24 May and replayed the same day in primetime. The live broadcast, airing between 5am and 9am AEST was watched by 263,000 viewers, while the primetime broadcast drew 592,000 viewers. The primetime replay improved on the 476,000 viewers that watched the 2014 final by more than 20%.

Final
Guy Sebastian took part in technical rehearsals on 17 and 20 May, followed by dress rehearsals on 22 and 23 May. This included the jury final where professional juries of each country, responsible for 50 percent of each country's vote, watched and voted on the competing entries. After technical rehearsals were held on 20 May, the "Big Five" countries, host nation Austria and Australia held a press conference. As part of this press conference, the artists took part in a draw to determine which half of the grand final they would subsequently participate in. Australia was drawn to compete in the first half. Following the conclusion of the second semi-final, the shows' producers decided upon the running order of the final. The running order for the semi-finals and final was decided by the shows' producers rather than through another draw, so that similar songs were not placed next to each other. Australia was subsequently placed to perform in position 12, following the entry from Cyprus and before the entry from Belgium.

The stage show featured Guy Sebastian dressed in a suit and joined by four backing vocalists, who performed choreographed movements. One of the main features of the performance were six giant illuminated lamp-post stage props which also expelled exploding pyrotechnics at the end of the song. The stage atmosphere and lighting featured red, orange, blue and yellow spotlights together with the background LED screens displaying moving roads and a nighttime cityscape. The four backing vocalists that joined Sebastian on stage were Carmen Smith, Aaron Marcellus, Brandon Winbush and Devin Michael.

At the conclusion of the voting, Australia finished in fifth place with 196 points. Australia received 12 points, the maximum number of points a country can give to another country, from two countries: Austria and Sweden. Australia's participation in the Eurovision was intended to be a one-off event; however, if Australia had won, it would have been able to return for the 2016 Eurovision Song Contest, as is customary. If this were to occur, the contest would have been co-organized by an EBU member and held in a European host city.

Voting
Voting during the three shows consisted of 50 percent public televoting and 50 percent from a jury deliberation. The jury consisted of five music industry professionals who were citizens of the country they represent, with their names published before the contest to ensure transparency. This jury was asked to judge each contestant based on: vocal capacity; the stage performance; the song's composition and originality; and the overall impression by the act. In addition, no member of a national jury could be related in any way to any of the competing acts in such a way that they cannot vote impartially and independently. The individual rankings of each jury member were released shortly after the grand final.

Following the release of the full split voting by the EBU after the conclusion of the competition, it was revealed that Australia had placed sixth with the public televote and fourth with the jury vote. In the public vote, Australia scored 132 points and in the jury vote the nation scored 224 points.

Below is a breakdown of points awarded to Australia and awarded by Australia in both semi-finals and the grand final of the contest, and the breakdown of the jury voting and televoting conducted during the three shows:

Detailed voting results
The following members comprised the Australian jury:
 * Amanda Pelman (jury chairperson) – producer
 * Richard Wilkins – radio DJ, entertainment journalist
 * Danielle Spencer – singer, songwriter
 * Ash London – radio broadcaster, TV presenter
 * Jake Stone – singer, songwriter, performer


text:
User:The Fading Light

My work on Wiki
I'm not so much an article writer as I plan to be more of an adviser on fixing various issues in articles all across Wiki and improving the quality of what is already on Wiki as a whole.

In basic I'm a jack of all trades.

Articles I've helped write/edit

 * Arthur Shelton
 * Ayaan Hirsi Ali
 * Ayn Rand
 * Bai Ling
 * Daniel Franzese
 * Falun Gong
 * Frank Herbert
 * Freedom of speech versus blasphemy
 * Li Hongzhi
 * List of founders of world religions
 * Madonna (entertainer)
 * Mary Sue Hubbard
 * Messalina
 * Mesoplanet
 * Nineteen Eighty-Four
 * Objectivism (Ayn Rand)
 * Objectivist politics
 * On Royalty
 * Operation Blue Star
 * Oprah Winfrey
 * Persecution of Falun Gong
 * Pluto
 * Pope Boniface VIII
 * Ronald DeWolf
 * Thailand legislative election, October 2006
 * Terry McMillan
 * Wenyi Wang
 * Xenu

Special projects and pages I have written
As of March 2006 and Beyond

 * The Gospel of The Flying Spaghetti Monster
 * Category:Falun Gong
 * On Royalty
 * The Interruption of Everything

Special projects I have joined

 * WikiProject Stargate

 * WikiProject Objectivism

Fav Pics

 * [[Image:Libertatis Aequilibritas GFDL.png|thumb|left|The Sign of the Dollar]]
 * [[Image:Amagi.png|thumb|left|The First Word that Meant "Freedom"]]

title: User:The Fading Light


text:
Talk:Lille OSC

Seperate articles for "mother"-clubs
Shouldn't the information about Olympique Lillois and SC Fives be located in seperate articles instead of just placing all info in the same article?--Froztbyte 02:48, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

Name of article
Shouldn't the name of the artikel be LOSC Lille instead of Lille OSC, when that name is used more often (example: http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/clubs/club=75797/index.html)? Tøndemageren (talk) 12:13, 5 September 2010 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with File:Corvanderhart1.jpg
The image File:Corvanderhart1.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --02:41, 12 February 2011 (UTC)

Domaine de Luchin
Should this section be removed? It sounds more like an advert... 『Woona』  Dear Celestia...   08:33, 10 August 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Lille OSC. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130725032109/http://www.losc.fr/en/club/losc-now-and-how to http://www.losc.fr/en/club/losc-now-and-how
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080531102336/http://www.rsssf.com/players/trainers-fran-clubs.html to http://www.rsssf.com/players/trainers-fran-clubs.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:27, 15 May 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 21 April 2024
In the all time leading scorers section for Lille, Jonathan David currently has 82 career goals for Lille which makes him 4th all time in scoring in club history. 2607:FEA8:BE59:6200:DA0:B4D9:8678:82B7 (talk) 15:45, 21 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Awhellnawr123214 (talk) 02:30, 22 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lille OSC


text:
File talk:Map of U S states that allow physiian-assisted suicide.png

Why is Colorado pink on this map?
Why is Colorado pink on this map? Richard-of-Earth (talk) 18:26, 10 February 2015 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Andrew Ousley

The result was delete. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk, contributions) 19:10, 11 October 2017 (UTC)

Andrew Ousley

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

fails WP:ANYBIO the sources do not prove notability and nothing more was found in a search. I analysed the 28 sources and none are sufficent to prove notability as per WP:GNG. 1: subject's company is affiliated to wework 2: passing mention 3: passing mention on a blog 4: interview in a blog 5: press release posted by the subject 6: press release posted by the subject 7: single line quote from the subject as publicist fro an album 8: press release posted by the subject 9: blog that has a copy paste of a press release posted by the subject 10: press release posted by the subject 11: alumni lisitng 12: doesn't mention subject 13: podcast by the subject as a contibutor 14: article written by the subject 15: credit on a photo taken by the subject 16: behind paywall but doesn't seem to concern the subject himself 17: passing mention and credit on a photo 18: doesn't mention the subject 19: doesn't mention the subject 20: passing mention in a local interest what's on website 21: photo credit in a blog 22: doesn't mention the subject 23: doesn't mention the subject 24: doesn't mention the subject 25: doesn't mention the subject 26: photo credit and quote from the subject 27: broken link 28: bio about the subject's father on his church's web site Domdeparis (talk) 09:49, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Businesspeople-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 19:17, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Music-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 19:17, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
 * Delete no indication of meeting notability requirements.John Pack Lambert (talk) 22:14, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks,  MBisanz  talk 02:26, 27 September 2017 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Optakeover (U)(T)(C) 04:51, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete A lack of persistence and depth of coverage in independent third-party reliable sources, insufficient to pass WP:ANYBIO. — fortuna  velut luna  12:24, 4 October 2017 (UTC)


text:
Northwest Territories Scotties Tournament of Hearts

The Northwest Territories Scotties Tournament of Hearts is the women's territorial championship for women's curling in the Northwest Territories. Beginning in 2015, the event serves as a direct qualifier to the Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Canada's national women's curling championships. Prior to 2015, the event served as a qualifier for the Yukon/NWT Scotties Tournament of Hearts.

Winners (2015–present)
Italics indicate alternate


text:
1933 Carnegie Tech Tartans football team

The 1933 Carnegie Tech Tartans football team represented the Carnegie Institute of Technology—now known as Carnegie Mellon University—as an independent during the 1933 college football season. Led by first-year head coach Howard Harpster, the Tartans compiled a record of 4–3–2.


text:
User:Kraytermanp/sandbox

Algal mats are one of many types of microbial mat that forms on the surface of water or rocks. They are typically composed of blue-green cyanobacteria and sediments. Formation occurs when alternating layers of blue-green cyanobacteria and sediments are deposited or grow in place, creating dark-laminated layers. Stromatolites are prime examples of algal mats. Algal mats played an important role in the Great Oxidation Event on Earth some 2.3 billion years ago. Algal mats can become a significant ecological problem, if the mats grow so expansive or thick as to disrupt the other underwater freshwater or marine life by blocking the sunlight or producing toxic chemicals.

Cyanobacteria forming algal mats
Cyanobacteria found in sedimentary rocks indicate that bacterial life began on Earth during the Precambrian age. Fossilized cyanobacteria are commonly found in rocks that date back to Mesoproterozoic. Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophs in nature; they convert carbon dioxide and sunlight into food and energy via photosynthesis. Some species are also able to fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into the biologically-usable form of ammonium. This gives them a competitive advantage over other organisms that may be limited by the shortage of biologically available nitrogen. The cyanobacteria colonies contain two types of cells, the regular cells with chlorophyll carrying out the photosynthesis, and heterocytes (formerly called heterocysts), which fix the nitrogen. These heterocytes have thick walls and lack chlorophyll, both of which limits their exposure to oxygen, the presence of which inhibits nitrogen fixation. For the same reason, fixation may also be limited to nighttime when the light-dependent reactions photosynthesis are shut down, minimizing oxygen production.

Stromatolites
Stromatolites are alternating layers of cyanobacteria and sediments. The grain size of sediment portion of stromatolites is affected by the depositional environment. During the Proterozoic, stromatolites' compositions were dominated by micrite and thinly laminated lime mud, with thicknesses no greater than 100 microns. Modern stromatolites are characterized by their thicker and more irregular laminations due to coarser grain size. Stromatolites trap sediment particles when the particles come to a rest from wave agitation. Trapping is separate process where filaments of bacteria traps the particle, provided the angle of the filaments are still within the limits before the grain rolls off due to overcoming the friction of the film. The length of the cyanobacterial filaments plays an important role in deciding the grain size trapped. It has been noted that these bacterial mats were marked by geochemical areas, such as volcanism and tectonics. They favor harsh environments that are either nutrient-depleted or have high salinity levels. This resilience may also be due to the autotrophic lifestyle of the bacteria, which enables them to thrive in a variety of harsh environments. Stromatolites can be found in places with ranging temperature such as in the marine, limnic and soil

The importance of algal mats in the past
Algal mats consist largely of filaments made of autotrophic bacteria and fine-grained particles. These bacteria are well known for the formation of stromatolites. Phototrophic bacteria such as cyanobacteria are evolutionary organisms responsible for the increased oxygen levels during the Proterozoic age. The event was known as The Great Oxidation Event, during which complex eukaryotic life forms originated, potentially due to the increased oxygen availability. Preserved stromatolites are called stromatoliths. They can be easily recognized by their crystallized, thinly laminated layers and their domed, columnar or conical shapes. However, the same cannot be said for stromatolites that were not crystallized. The lack of many well-preserved stromatolites has been proposed as a consequence of ongoing diagenesis during formation. Diagenesis is a weathering process where newly deposited sediments lies on top of the old sedimentary bed, buried and compacted, lithified and uplifted to the surface as sedimentary rocks.

Negative impacts of algal mats
The rapid formation of algal mats can result in harmful algal blooms (HABs), also known as red tides or green tides. HABs have been known to produce a wide range of toxins, with newer toxins discovered frequently, which makes the task of understanding these phenomena increasingly difficult. HABs can be found in water of high importance for economics and the environment; with salinity ranging from low to high such as in rivers and lakes to reservoirs and oceans. Toxins can seep into the water column, from which they may be introduced into the local water supply, affecting humans and livestock. Toxins can have either direct or indirect effects on an organism. Some marine life is directly susceptible to toxins caused by HABs, while others are affected through accumulation of toxins over a period of time. This bioaccumulation process typically affects organisms such as filter-feeding shellfish and secondary consumers. It has been estimated that there are thousands of human poisoning cases annually in Asia from toxic water. Single HAB fish-kill events in Korea have been estimated to have cost millions of dollars, and in Japan such events have been estimated to have resulted in losses of fish worth more than $300 million.

Moreover, some HABs are harmful to the ecosystem simply by their sheer biomass accumulation. Such biomass accumulation can lead to a multitude of negative consequences. For one, their growth and proliferation can reduce the light penetration in the water column, thereby reducing habitat suitability for the growth of submersed grasses. Exceedingly high biomass can also cause fish gills to clog, leading to suffocation. High biomass blooms can also lead to the development of “dead zones”, formed when the algae begin to die and their decomposition depletes the water of oxygen. Dead zones are unable to support (aerobic) aquatic life, and are responsible for losses of millions of dollars’ worth of fish annually.

Effects of Algal Mats on Aquatic Fauna
The presence of algal mats can be beneficial for some fauna, but in many cases, can have pronounced negative effects on local aquatic biodiversity. Some of the most notable impacts occurring from the appearance of algal mats include a reduction in oxygen availability, increased water acidity, and a decrease in light penetration from increased sediment accumulation. The negative effects of algal mats on aquatic biodiversity have been well studied in the coral reefs of Oahu, Hawaii, where algal mats reduced irradiance by 99% and doubled sediment accumulation. Oxygen availability can vary depending on the thickness of the algal mat. However, the presence of algal mats can be beneficial to local habitats when appearing in small, sparse patches. Smaller, less dense patches of algal mats have the potential to increase aquatic diversity through the phenomena of intermediate disturbance. Additionally, algal mats can have significant impacts on local fauna simply through their natural tendency to drift through water, causing rearrangements of nearby sediments and changing the ability of different fauna to interact with each other and their environment.

Algal Mats as New Habitats
Forms of disturbance and changes in environmental composition often force species to develop adaptations in order to thrive in their new or changed habitats. Algal mats are no exception, and some organisms have been shown to use the presence of algal mats to their advantage. Organisms benefitting the most from algal mats are typically benthic organisms, and have been known to use this benthic algae both as a food source and as a hiding spot from predators. However, only a select number of specific organisms experience the positive effects of algal mats; mobile invertebrates such as Ostracod; small, shrimp-like animals to name one example. Species that reside in the sediments of lakes still tend to suffer from the presence of algal mats. Mobile invertebrates are able to avoid the hypoxic conditions created by widespread algal mat coverage by swimming over and above the mat, while sediment-bound invertebrates are not able to relocate themselves.

Preventing Algal Blooms
One of the most significant problems with algal mats is simply their accumulation, or the amount of space they can grow to occupy. There are several potential methods that have been studied to prevent the bioaccumulation of these mats. One proposed method to slow the growth of algal blooms is to reduce the amount of nutrients (primarily nitrogen and phosphorus) put into aquatic environments. Much of the nitrogen today that enters water sources is related to sewage waste and human pollution. Additionally, the total quantity of nutrients being put into water should be reduced, since often times algal blooms thrive not because of one specific nutrient, but because of an overall increase in the amount of available nutrients. Secondly, the presence and growth of algal blooms can be affected by the salinity of the water they occupy. Some coastal algal blooms and some red tide organisms thrive most optimally above a certain salinity level, and therefore reduction of freshwater inflow in these areas may be helpful in reducing algal blooms. A third technique that may be effective in the prevention of algal blooms (particularly in coastal waters), is by increasing regulations on dredging, which is the excavation of aquatic sediments. Often times, the sediments of coastal waters contain large numbers of HAB spores, and dredging allows for these spores to disperse and eventually cause widespread algal blooms when they are exposed to enough oxygen.

Potential applications of algal mats
Third generation biofuel feedstocks are represented by both micro- and macro- algae, which present further advantages over the previous generations. (The first generation biofuels are made from edible feedstock like corn, soybean, sugarcane, and rapeseed. Second generation of biofuels from waste and dedicated lignocellulosic feedstock shave advantages over those of first generation.) Marine and aquatic biomass tentatively demonstrates high yield while requiring minimal use of arable land. Major advantages of algae are: no competition with food crops for arable land, high growth rates, and low fractions of lignin which reduces the need for energy-intensive pretreatment and compatibility with biorefinery approach implementation. It has been proven that macroalgae can reach 2–20 times the production potential of conventional terrestrial energy crops However, some disadvantages such as the presence of high water content, seasonal chemical composition and the occurrence of inhibitory phenomena during anaerobic digestion, make algal biofuels not yet economically feasible although they are more environmental friendly than fossil fuels. Algal mats can also have positive impacts on certain environments through the process of nitrogen fixation. In some cases, the removal of nitrogen from the air can indirectly influence floral development through an increase in soil fertility. A study conducted on Marion Island found examined the capability of Cyanophyte s to fix atmospheric nitrogen from the environment and impact the growth and success of nearby plants.

 References

title: User:Kraytermanp/sandbox


text:
Soul Legacy

Soul Legacy is a box set of Curtis Mayfield hits. Five years after Mayfield's box set People Get Ready: The Curtis Mayfield Story was released in the United States, the UK came up with this more comprehensive collection. Unlike its predecessor, track list for this set is not in chronological order, instead opting for thematic divisions.

Track listing
Disc: 1 (Inspirational Themes) Disc: 2 (Love Songs) Disc: 3 (Cautionary Tales) Disc: 4 (Film & Dance)
 * 1) “Move on Up”
 * 2) "Keep on Pushing" - The Impressions, Curtis Mayfield
 * 3) “We're a Winner”
 * 4) “People Get Ready”
 * 5) “I Plan to Stay a Believer”
 * 6) “We the People Who Are Darker Than Blue”
 * 7) “Everybody Needs a Friend”
 * 8) “It's All Right”
 * 9) “Need Someone to Love”
 * 10) “Something to Believe In”
 * 11) “So in Love”
 * 12) “People Never Give Up”
 * 13) “This Year”
 * 14) “Wild and Free”
 * 15) “We Got to Have Peace”
 * 16) “Make Me Believe in You”
 * 17) “Beautiful Brother of Mine”
 * 18) “Miss Black America”
 * 19) “Keep on Keeping On”
 * 1) “Gypsy Woman” - The Impressions, Curtis Mayfield
 * 2) “You're Really Something Sadie” - The Impressions, Curtis Mayfield
 * 3) “I've Been Trying” - The Impressions, Curtis Mayfield
 * 4) “Fool for You” - The Impressions, Curtis Mayfield
 * 5) “Wherever She Leadeth Me” - The Impressions, Curtis Mayfield
 * 6) “Gone Away” - The Impressions, Curtis Mayfield
 * 7) “Seven Years” - The Impressions, Curtis Mayfield
 * 8) "I'm So Proud" - The Impressions, Curtis Mayfield
 * 9) “So Unusual” - The Impressions, Curtis Mayfield
 * 10) “Just Want to Be With You”
 * 11) “Show Me Love”
 * 12) “You Mean Everything to Me”
 * 13) “Hey Baby (Give It All to Me) ”
 * 14) “You're So Good to Me”
 * 15) “Between You Baby and Me” - Linda Clifford, Curtis Mayfield
 * 16) “Only You Babe”
 * 17) “I'm Gonna Win Your Love”
 * 18) “Ain't No Love Lost” - Linda Clifford, Curtis Mayfield
 * 19) “Baby It's You”
 * 20) “So You Don't Love Me”
 * 21) “Still Within Your Heart”
 * 1) “(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below, We're All Going to Go” [Edit]
 * 2) “Mighty Mighty (Spade and Whitey) ” - The Impressions, Curtis Mayfield
 * 3) “Check Out Your Mind” - The Impressions, Curtis Mayfield
 * 4) “Underground”
 * 5) “Future Shock”
 * 6) “If I Were Only a Child Again”
 * 7) “To Be Invisible”
 * 8) “Mother's Son”
 * 9) “They Don't Know” - The Impressions, Curtis Mayfield
 * 10) “Choice of Colors” - The Impressions, Curtis Mayfield
 * 11) “This Is My Country” - The Impressions, Curtis Mayfield
 * 12) “Back to the World”
 * 13) “Homeless”
 * 14) “Cannot Find a Way”
 * 15) “Dirty Laundry”
 * 16) “I Mo Git U Sucka”
 * 17) “Kung Fu”
 * 18) “Hard Times”
 * 19) “When Seasons Change”
 * 1) “Superfly”
 * 2) “Billy Jack”
 * 3) “Eddie You Should Know Better”
 * 4) “Do Do Wap is Strong in Here”
 * 5) “Short Eyes/Freak, Free, Free, Free”
 * 6) “Pusherman”
 * 7) “Freddie's Dead”
 * 8) “Tripping Out”
 * 9) “Get Down”
 * 10) “Party Night”
 * 11) “Do It All Night”
 * 12) “You Are, You Are”
 * 13) “Toot An' Toot An' Toot”
 * 14) “Soul Music”
 * 15) “Do Be Down”
 * 16) “She Don't Let Nobody (But Me)”
 * 17) “Can't Say Nothin'”
 * 18) “Ain't Got Time”

title: Soul Legacy


text:
Elementary Science K/2

Created: 2007 05 14 | Percent completed:

Materials
Toothpaste, Soap, Toothbrush

Tell the children that it is nice to be around people who are clean. Keeping your body, hands, face, and hair clean helps to keep away germs. Review with them that germs are tiny things we cannot see, but can make people sick. Germs get into our bodies and make us feel bad.

Discuss with the class some of the ways we take care of our bodies, such as washing our hands and face with soap and water, brushing our teeth, etc. Demonstrate how to properly wash hands and brush teeth using real materials (show the children toothpaste, a toothbrush, soap, etc.) if possible.

Activities
Sing the following verses while using the hand and body movements (adding your own if you wish) to the tune of "Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush":

This is the way we brush our teeth (simulate brushing teeth)

Brush our teeth, brush our teeth.

This is the way we brush our teeth

To keep our bodies healthy.

This is the way we wash our hands... (simulate washing hands)

This is the way we exercise.... (do jumping jacks)

This is the way we take a nap... (tilt head, place on folded hands)

This is the way we eat good food... (simulate spooning food into mouth)

This is the way we wash our face... (simulate washing face)

This is the way we take a bath... (rub arms as if washing)

This is the way we wash our hair... (simulate washing hair)

title: Elementary Science K/2


text:
jaký

Etymology
, from.

Pronoun

 * 1) what
 * 2) what what kind of
 * 1) what what kind of

Etymology
.

Pronoun

 * 1)  what, which
 * 2)  ; what, what... like
 * 3)  ; what a! how!
 * 4)  ; any

title: jaký


text:
User:Exaton

This is a user page, not a Wikiversity article.

Exaton
Please see my user page at Wikipedia : Exaton.

title: User:Exaton


text:
User:AarthiKalan/About me

ૐ Aarthi Kalan

{| style= "; text-align:center; border: 5px solid RoyalBlue; background-color:LightSteelBlue" ! style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; color: MidnightBlue; font-size: large; line-height: 1.3em;" |
 * - padding:1em;padding-top:0.5em;"

About Me
So I was born and grew up in South Africa. Currently studying at a tertiary institution.Pursuing my career goals in Multimedia. I am a Hindu.♥

Games

 * }

title: User:AarthiKalan/About me


text:
Guide to Social Activity/Losing fear

Some persons fear others because they are the opposite gender. But most persons have male and female relatives (fathers, brothers, grandfathers, uncles, mothers, sisters, grandmothers, aunts, cousins...). If you do not fear these persons, then you need not fear other men or women.

Males and females have different body parts and brain chemistry.

Fear itself
Fear leads to inhibition. There are several thoughts, feelings, actions that build up to fear.

If you ever were forced to jump from a tall tower or bridge into a distant body of water, or anything similar that gives you a physical, instinctive fear which affects your entire body, you have been in a real conflict between a subconscious fear (fear of heights, of danger) and your rational mind saying, "Is it rational to fear this? Is this artificial fear or should I really be afraid." The subconscious mind can be made to accept and feel comfortable with such situations by repeated exposure. It can be made to accept reality, or to ignore it. Most of the time you have to impress a made-up idea upon your subconscious to make it accept it. This is a suggestion, which the subconscious mind turns into reality.

Some obstacles creating fear are sexual: always check with your doctor to ensure your sexual health. If you are having serious problems with assertiveness or confidence, try joining a club or society that allows you the opportunity to mix with members of the opposite sex in a comfortable setting where you can make friends as well as chat with women. If all else fails, see a psychiatrist or psychologist; they may recommend talk therapy or medication. Just remember: taking a pill cannot fix all of your problems.

Another sign of fear or inconfidence, once you have found yourself a date is being overly "clingy" to your partner. While this may appeal to those who are essentially caretakers/nurturers, more independent women may be put off. Adolescence and early 20s is really the time to individuate, and a woman may hate being treated like your mother. Acting this way may also be seen as inferior and boring. There is a fine line between being intensely attentive to or absorbed by someone, and being clingy; make sure you know where that line is.

With the theory out of the way, let's fool the subconscious that prevents you from getting a date!

Exercises to reduce fear
To overcome fear, it helps to have clear simple steps towards a larger goal.

Awareness
Wherever you go, pay attention. Look around you for the beauty in each person. (FIXME Only for persons of a certain gender? Only beauty and no other traits?) Find what you like about each, and say it to yourself quietly. Practice this, so YOU know what you like.

After a while you should feel comfortable with what you find attractive of another person. (FIXME?) Much of the fear you feel is from the possibility of failure, so you can desensitize yourself to this fear by not allowing yourself to think about the possibility of success. This does not entail assuming that you will always fail (otherwise, why try?) but rather the view that, "There's a very good chance that it won't work. So what? I won't know unless I try. I wasn't dating her 5 minutes ago and I was getting along just fine; I'll be fine if I'm not dating her 5 minutes from now."

Assertiveness
Start to state your compliments of the attire, hairstyle, figure or tattoos of a potential mate louder and louder, until it is a normal conversational tone.

Next, take the leap! Actually go meet the person, and not in a creepy, sulking way, but directly, and politely. Promise yourself that, regardless of the actual response of the person is, you will not say anything other than that compliment.

You are in effect building up good karma to use later. Something simple..."Excuse me miss. I just had to tell you that your hair looks simply beautiful today." Smile, and walk away. Of course, it pays to be a little selective, though- if she appears to be in a bad mood or very busy, it could lead to you being "shot down" which might negatively affect your confidence for awhile.

This will help you practice breaking the ice with pretty strangers, and make plenty of persons have a better day.

Thought Experiments
This is a list of items to only think of.

(FIXME are these only general conversation tips? Move to Guide to Social Activity/Conversation or keep here?)

 * Think about conversing with strangers. Try to provoke the emotions you want to avoid. Know how it feels. Then try to force your emotions away. Do this in the presence of such a person (without that person noticing your thoughts), because this makes it more real and your subconscious mind will more likely try to intervene!

 * Realize that all neurotypicals are probably equally nervous about social situations and everyone is worried about how they are perceived. If you can pretend to be confident, people will perceive you as confident.  Pretend that you are charming. Pretend that you are witty. Practice it with people of either gender, until you can consistently get favourable reactions. Much charm and wit can be honed with guys and still be effective on girls. Once you've got the hang of acting like you know what you are doing, you will realize that you DO know what you are doing, and you will be able to be yourself without feeling self-conscious.
 * If you still find yourself becoming self-conscious, FOCUS FOCUS FOCUS on the girl and forget about yourself.

(Body Language

 * The eyes: Look into the eyes of as many women as you can, don't stare, just fix them with a nice smile on your face.

 * Your face: Vary your facial expressions when you tell stories.  Don't be afraid to make silly faces at appropriate moments when you tell stories.

Making contact
It is sometimes easiest to do this in a group of trusted friends, as this makes for a more friendly atmosphere, and provides moral support in case of embarrassment. The woman you are seeking has to be approachable, and should have shown a degree of interest in you. Ideally, she ought to be as interested in you as you are in her, but some of these exercises you can try on people the instant you meet them. Asking someone out on a date is less frustrating, faster, and easier once you have got used to it. It is also more fun!

 * Hit girls with pick-up lines. No kidding.  Deliver in a joking manner, like you want to make fun of her, seeing whether she can laugh about herself. Do it over and over again with women you don't know and just meet casually in the bus, sub-way, in the city. They will never recognise you again and even if they do they won't do anything. You will see it's just your mind that gives you the uncomfortable feeling - with practise this feeling goes away!   (warning - using profanity may be offensive)

 * Reciprocity is a powerful and universal social behavioral trait. Translation: when people receive something, they feel obliged.  In dating the obvious examples would be buying a girl a drink or bringing flowers to a girl on a date.  There are more subtle ways to use the rule of reciprocity.  When you give your name to a girl she will feel obliged to give you hers.  If you volunteer some personal anecdote or opinion, she will often do the same.

 * Build rapport through use of the word "we". It helps to put people at ease if they feel that you are on their side.  For example - if you are learning to dance and you want to build rapport with your partner, say something like "We are doing really great.  I think we nailed that last step."

 * Ask if you know them from somewhere, or ask if you've met them before.  This gets them to look at you closely to see if they recognize you, but even if they say no, quickly introduce yourself and ask them what their name is, ask where they are from, or ask something related to where you both are at the moment. whatever comes to your head, just keep the conversation going.  Concentrate on ignoring uncomfortable feelings, and concentrate on her.   Joke around a little.  If the conversation goes well, ask for her number or email address, and give her yours.  Then call her that night and tell her you enjoyed talking to her.

 * Compliments are effective for expressing interest without being perceived as vulnerable. The more subtle, the better.  "I like... the way you carry yourself/ the way you smile/ the way your eyes sparkle/ the way you walk/ the way you think."  Only compliment if that's the way you really feel.  Although people tend to believe compliments - even when it is understood that the flatterer stands to gain from their liking him.  Giving compliments increases ones likeability.  Don't throw out compliments too often - maybe once during a date - so make it a good one!

 * The impersonal interrogative comment (IIC) allows you to invite someone into a conversation without risking rejection or making your object of interest uncomfortable. An example of the IIC is, "Beautiful day today, isn't it?"  Or, (at the beach) "The water is freezing this time of year, isn't it?"  This type of comment can be responded to with a simple grunt or a nod - or if the girl is interested she might say, "I think the water is invigorating!  And once you get in its not so bad."  The longer and more personalized the response, then more positive for your chances.

 * Use the internet - the barrier is lower for initiating a conversation. If you are very sensitive, chatting online may be enough to make you blush. However, you can practice wording and conversation to your heart's content. Have a goal of arranging an in-person meeting in under an hour.  You don't need anything other than your natural wit and maybe a photo.  Part 2 of the exercise: date them. This will get you into the dating game for practise.

 * Go dancing! Not in a club or disco. Learn how to dance: salsa/mambo, Caribbean stuff; often the cheaper the lessons are, the better. East Coast Swing (aka jitterbug) is a dance that is relatively easy to learn - an hour is enough to learn the basics.  Be warned that Lindy Hop (eight count swing) is much more difficult.  If you know a sport dancing-club, see if you can join. University sports are fine locations for that, too. The difference between classic dancing schools and the sport-dancers/non-Latin salsa scene is that in the schools they teach figures, as fast as they can, and you will not be able to take advantage of your knowledge!! The hobbyists on the other hand emphasize much more on "feeling" the music, feeling and leading the partner.  A girl will never judge your dancing abilities on the basis of how many figures you can do, she wants to feel good, and you need to be able to lead!  Followers (girls) prefer a strong lead.  It is much easier for them if they don't have to guess where the dance is going.  In sport dancing they emphasize the so called "basics", the way to move your feet, your arms, hands, rhythm.  You will be able to dance with girls in a disco much more comfortably (for both of you) and you can teach them how to dance like they do in the films ;)  Be sure to smile and look like you are having fun - even if you are nervous or stressed about your footwork.  Dancing will also help you lose any inhibitions about being in someone else's personal space.

Never look back. Someone can turn you down, but she can't defeat you!

Have no regrets
Consider this situation: you are 85 years old, and looking back upon your life. What are your biggest regrets?

Be aware that this particular issue has been studied. One common theme in the responses given by old people is this: they regret the things that they did NOT do. Ask an old man one of his greatest regrets, and he will eventually tell you about a beautiful woman he knew when he was young. He will tell you how he regrets never pursuing her. He will tell you that at the time it made him nervous, but now he has learned that it's really not that big of a deal, especially considering other things in life.

What is important here is to consider a perspective where you accept the possibility that there is NOT life after death, heaven, hell, or reincarnation. There IS a possibility that you will live once, then cease to exist, and that’s it! With this in mind, do you want to repeat the mistakes of others and not live (your ONLY) life to the fullest? Do you want to allow your fear, pride, ego, etc., to limit your life?

Change is not easy, but it is possible. You have learned to ride a bike, even though you crashed a few times along the way. You have learned many hard to speak/spell English vocabulary words, yet when you were young you thought you could never learn a big list of words every week. You thought about all the things you think you could not do, yet you have done many of them. Stop thinking that you can't get women, because you can. Stop thinking that your situation is unique, because it's not. Men-seeking-women is as old of a subject as humans, it's the source of countless songs, poems, books, movies, and history.

Nothing is easy at first, that's just part of life. Do you think you can't skydive from an airplane? Consider warming up to the challenge of women by first conquering your fear of heights. Yes, go skydive. Then tell yourself "if I can do THAT, then getting women is also possible."

Convince yourself that you do not care about the outcome of pursuing a woman, because either you will succeed OR gain practice, and either one is acceptable.

And besides... the old adage, "It's better to have loved and lost than to have never loved at all" is very true. So, even if you try to establish a relationship with someone and eventually get shot down, you will have grown from the experience. It might hurt in the short term, but you will be better prepared for the next time. There will be a next time.

Approach Girls With Confidence
When someone interrupts you, you find it rude, it's intrusive, as a man it's disrespectful. Women are different however, they like it when you interrupt them. It's as if they want you to disregard what they are talking about. It's taking charge and showing your decisiveness about what's important. You can't just interrupt at any time, but when you have something more important to say they won't stop for you. They want their conversation to be controlled by you. When you interrupt at a time when you know that you have something good to say, something funny that will interest them they will actually be receptive.. There is a specific way to interrupt a girl.

1 - Open Circle

When women want you to approach they have way of letting you know. If there's more than two of them, they stand in a circle that is open towards you. They are basically making space for you to fill in the gap. If there's just two of them talking they also keep themselves open. They are not standing this way by coincidence, this is your chance.

2 - Animated Behavior

You can tell that girls want to be approached because they talk a little bit more pronounced and louder than they have to. They enunciate certain words and phrases more than the rest of the conversation. They are basically talking amongst themselves and they are being overly excited. It's not because they've got some great new topic, they've already finished introducing themselves to each other, they are long time friends. The reason they are being just a little too loud and overtly expressive is because they like you and that's their way to draw attention. Words like Wow, That's So Cool, Awesome, It's The Best... and so forth will be a little more pronounced. They are interested, they want to compliment you, but instead of doing that directly they use those words amongst themselves. Anything that sounds like a compliment will be better pronounced.

3 - Eye Line

They will look directly and more intensely at each other. In normal conversation the speakers eyes wonder around the listeners face, scanning the environment around the listener, looking to the side when telling a story etc. Once the girls have noticed you, they will try not to look at you so as to not to be to direct with you. As a result they will stop scanning around and lock eye contact with themselves. That means they have already noticed you, and if their body language is open, that means they like you. Don't wait too long, they might get uncomfortable and by the time you approach them, attraction will turn into resentment. Then you have to show more responsiveness to their signals. Find the girl with the most intense eyes, she is the one that likes you. Check to make sure that her body language is open and then just walk right in.

4 - Looking Around

When girls start looking intensely at each other, you know they have already noticed you, but if they haven't noticed you yet, they will be making glances. Look for girls that are glancing to the sides, scanning the crowd, looking at the door, watching for somebody new to come in. If they are doing that, that means they are looking for a man, come closer and see if they notice you. But don't come too close; you just want to be in their line of sight, where they are making passes. If they stop glancing after they've seen you, that means you're the one they've been looking for.

5 - Standing Alone In A Visible Area

If it really was a private conversation, they would move to a secluded place. They would go to a corner, grab a table or a booth where they wouldn't be disturbed. But if they are standing at a bar, by the fireplace, near the door, near the window, generally in a central location where people pass through. The only exception is if they are standing by the door on their way out. Otherwise, if the girls are in a central location, they want to be approached, don't expect a special invitation, although it's happened before.

6 - Other Girls Leaving

If there's a group of four or more girls, chances are that not all of them are going to like you. The ones that haven't found what they are looking for will be wanting to move on. They will excuse themselves from the rest of the group. If the remaining girls aren't sticking with their friends chances are they have found a reason to stay.

7 - Light Conversation

In order to interrupt girls their conversation should be light and funny, no serious topics. Watch out for conversations on money, work, talking about a man, talking about a woman, talking about a specific person, career, politics, religion, popularity, attractiveness. Those are sensitive topics to people and if they are talking about it chances are they will not be in a casual mood for you. If on the other hand, from a distance you can hear that everything is light and funny, even though they seem to be having a private conversation, you really know that they are ready to meet a man.

8 - No Hierarchy

No Hierarchy means there is no leader within the group of girls. It's a social function, the atmosphere should be casual and that means balanced. Contrary to popular belief, meeting a member of the opposite sex is not a popularity contest. The only person hugging the spot light should be the band that's playing up on center stage. However this does happen often sometimes, some girls try to be the leaders of the group, they try to lead the conversation, they want to make sure they get the final word. Don't approach a group where there is a power struggle going on, the girls will be preoccupied. This really should not happen because if it's a social event, the idea is to make the atmosphere supportive. However, sometimes a girl doesn't find what she's looking for, so instead of feeling sorry for herself she starts working the crowd made up of her friends. That's not the right way to treat a friend, but if she has good social skills, she can get away with this. Sometimes she is jealous of a better looking girl friend of hers and showing off her popularity is her way of settling her score. If her friends fall for it, don't interrupt them, they will be preoccupied any way. What you can do is go for the leader and watch her drop her followers in a second.

9 - Body Language Symmetrical Synchronized

We know the importance of open body language when approaching a girl with any interruption, and what else is important is symmetry. Girls like to move their hands when they talk. When she's gesturing check that she is moving both hands. Her stance should be straight. She shouldn't be leaning on one leg or the other or tilting her head to either side either. Studies show that asymmetrical posture signals a preoccupied and a distant mind. If they are having fun, they should also be in synch with one another. If one is laughing they should all be laughing. If one is using gestures they should all be gesturing. If one is holding a drink, they should all be drinking and so forth. You might have spotted the girl you want, but if there's something not in tune with the group she's with don't interrupt just yet. Be patient. If she is interested in you too she will gradually distance away from her group and make herself available. Instead of approaching girls that are preoccupied look for girls that are having a good time and are receptive to meeting a new guy.

10 - Three Second Rule

The most important rule about interruptions is to do it right away. You need to recognize these signals and be able to identify them with confidence. As soon as you spot these signals, more right in, it's an interruption, it should be considered rude, but if you do it right it will actually be welcomed.

title: Guide to Social Activity/Losing fear


text:
Voytenko

Voytenko or Voitenko (Cyrillic: Войтенко) is a Ukrainian-based surname. It is derived from a word Voyt (wójt), which was borrowed via German Vogt from Latin advocatus. Other versions may include Wojtenko (Polish or German spelling). Notable people with this surname include:

 * Anatoly Voitenko, the inventor of the Voitenko compressor
 * Nina Voitenko, Ukrainian neurobiologist
 * Valeri Voytenko Russian football coach and player

title: Voytenko


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/theoutcastjourney.com

Links

 * theoutcastjourney.com resolves to [//<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>]
 * Link is not on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the domainredlist.
 * Link is not on the Monitorlist.
 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
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 * None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
 * Link is not on the whitelist.
 * Link is not on the monitor list.

Additions

 * Displayed all 2 additions.


text:
User:Vuara/ViewZone 2002

 * http://www.viewzone.com/gillespie-1.jpg

Background Information

After the Expedition of '98, when we first saw these strange petroglyphs, ViewZone was anxious to return to Colorado to translate the petroglyphs using the recently discovered old Negev alphabet in combination with an old Hebrew lexicon. Our dreams became a reality in May of 2000 and the team assembled in La Junta, Colorado, equipped with all of the hi-tech tools that we could gather.

La Junta, Colorado is a small town in the middle of the most remote part of the lower 48 states. Surrounded by miles of prairie, it's raison d'etre (a US Calvary outpost that guarded the sana Fe trail) was renewed by American's insatiable appetite for meat. La Junta is smack dab in the middle of "meat country." The railroad terminal and livestock auctions in La Junta are giant death camps for a variety of stock. Two of our team were vegetarians, which made for some awkward dining in local restaurants and even more awkward encounters with the cattle (one member, in particular, wanted to pet them).

The country around La Junta is dry and sandy with many deep and rocky canyons. Most of the vast land is either privately owned or sublet from the government by huge cattle ranchers. If you accidentally cross one of their barbed-wire fences, you may consider yourself lucky to escape being shot. Cattle rustling and arrowhead hunters have caused most locals to be wary of strangers and guarded in revealing geographic information. Oddly, they seem completely unaware and uninterested in the archaeological significance of the petroglyphs. Many privately owned ancient sites are currently being trampled by herds of Herefords.

Ted Barker, a local rancher who has devoted years to petroglyph research, negotiated for the ViewZone Expedition to gain access to many of the important, privately held sites containing examples of old Negev. The biggest surprise, however, was that many of the most intact and useful sites were located on the extremes of the National Grasslands area, a public park.

With the evidence our crew discovered, there should be no doubt that a migratory group from the Sinai occupied America many hundreds of years BC. In fact, much of the old Negev script that we documented was itself written over much older, more crudely drawn, Negev script. We saw countless evidence of at least two eras of Negev-like symbols, as well as the Plains Indian scrapings and the latter so-called "cowboy art" from the traffic of the near by old Santa Fe Trail.

While we await the scrutiny of the scholars to acknowledge our work, and to do their own research, we will continue translating and posting our material. We invite anyone with an interest to share in this exciting exploration of ancient history by using the translation program and viewing future images as they are reviewed by our team.

+++

Viewzone Returns To Ancient America

A Preview of the Expedition's Discovery

The enhanced digital image above was taken following its discovery by producer, Lee Frank, while filming the zone's expedition, deep in the remote canyons of southeast Colorado. It is a simple but remarkably well preserved script that illustrates the use of the traditional old Negev alphabet but reverting to the archaic form to reference the name of God, or EL.

Lee chose to name the important discovery after Rollin Gillespie, a remarkable scientist whose insight and intellect first stimulated our interest in American petroglyphs. It is now known as The Gillespie Stone.

TRANSLATION:

The upper left ligature has three letters. The yod and resh are immediately recognized, as well as a rare inclusion of the vowel aleph. This ligature reads yaRE, "fear, respect, to hold in awe..."

See the old Negev alphabet and modern Hebrew equivalent. Also, remember that vowels are not usually written in old Negev.

The top central ligature appears somewhat distorted because of the underlying rock topography. It reads as a het, "the, the one..."

On the top right is the word for God, "El." It is written using the archaic form of the vowel aleph, which was also depicted as an animal head with two horns. The lamed remained largely unchanged from the archaic form to that of old Negev script. The entire top of this panel can thus be read, from left to right, as our modern equivalent to "praise to the one God," or quite simply, "Praise God."

The central ligature that resembles a wishbone is actually a clever combination of letters written to graphically, as well as phonetically, convey its meaning. The main figure appears to be holding something in its right hand that ends in a circular shape. The object being held is actually a ligature read from the bottom up as A-S-S. Because the last two letters repeat, we will expect this to be a word-break (see Harris et. al.) and will read the ligature as "ESH" or "fire." The main figure is a ligature for lamed and he (rotated to indicate end of word or phrase). LH is " 'oLAH" or "burnt offering."

The figure further down also appears to be holding something in its hand. On close inspection it is the letters RSS. Deleting the final S we read ROSH as "chief, leader, head..." The significance of the figure is, as yet, untranslated.

The bottom of this panel contains the familiar horned ram symbol of "El" and is flanked by the letters (from left to right) LN, or to (lamed used as a preposition "to" or "for") pray...

On the top of this photograph you can see a horizontal line which is actually the bottom of a flat step in the rock, which had a flat back to it which resembled a bench. There was no carving on this bench and so we did not focus attention on it. That was unfortunate. We later found the following inscription on the side of the same huge rock, directing the way to the "kisSEM", seat or chair...

With hundreds of digital images and video to examine, translations are being made daily. We hope to display more of this work as it becomes available.

We now have solid proof that a culture from the Sinai lived and grew in the middle of America thousands of years ago. There is evidence that other cultures also migrated to America from Asia, and that global navigation was no obstacle to antiquity.

As always, viewzone welcomes your comments and questions.

Gary Vey, Editor<PHONE_NUMBER><EMAIL_ADDRESS>
June 2, 2000.

+++

Expedition 2002 by Gary Vey for ViewZone Magazine

Since our expedition back in 2000, ViewZone has been anxious to return to the remote canyons of Southeast Colorado to re-examine the petroglyphs that we hastily recorded on our last day of the trek.

Specifically, we wanted to carefully validate the location and confirm the content of a highly significant collection of petroglyphs that we encountered on our way out of the hot and dry canyon of the Pergatoire River, located on public land in the Comanche National Grassland, just South of LaJunta, Colorado.

Gary Vey has led four expeditions to document this ancient alphabet. He has found and translated ancient script in North America, Yemen, Israel and South Australia. Here, Gary is pictured in front of two common petroglyphs representing the names of deity "EL" and "Yah." "EL" represents the abstract form of deity -- that which cannot be comprehended by man -- while "Yah" is the Creator. Both symbols and concepts represent a single deity -- One God -- but recognize the aspects of "knowable" and "unknowable" deity.

According to Expedition Director, Gary Vey, pictured above, this one collection of petroglyphs is perhaps the best example of the ancient alphabet in North America, proving that there was cultural contact between this area and the Middle East, around 3000 years ago.

There are many petroglyphs in the Pergatoire River canyon. Many of these petroglyphs are attributed to Native American Indians who inhabited the region from about 1200 AD and until the arrival of the Spanish in the Sixteenth Century. A much smaller collection of petroglyphs has been identified in a very small area and appear very different from the widely accepted Amerindian art. The map above shows the areas where these unique petroglyphs can be found on public land. Often these older petroglyphs will be found underneath more recent Amerindian carvings and are distinguished by their "pecked" construction. Most American Indian petroglyphs are, by contrast, scraped into the surface of the stone. In addition, the petroglyphs that are the focus of our expedition are all composed of combinations of a specific set of shapes or symbols described here.

Notice the "step" or "seat" carved on the end of the large stone [above left] and then referenced in the petroglyph on the side of the stone [above right]. The view of the "seat" from the front is pictured below. The collection of petroglyphs have been enhanced to make them more visible in this photograph. The petroglyphs have a layer of dark patina, or varnish, that makes them the same black color as the surface of the stone. This is evidence of their extreme antiquity but also makes them difficult to photograph.

The particular collection we sought is associated with a uniquely shaped stone that appears to have been carved or modified in antiquity. The entire rock, as large as a house, is about 60 feet in length, fifteen feet wide and about fifteen feet high. On the Eastern end of the rock there is a ledge that forms a shelf [facing East 68 degrees]. The shelf is carved at a right angle, like a seat, with the back of the "seat" also showing signs of having been carved flat. The petroglyphs are found in two locations. The main collection is directly below the "seat" and face East on the narrow end of the rectangular stone.

What makes the petroglyphs so significant is their lack of erosion and the simplicity of their message. The petroglyphs have already been translated and described in our last bulletin and can be reviewed here again.

The central petroglyph alluded our prior translation but, upon close examination this time, we noticed that it was the symbol for "Het." This would make the entire top row read, from left to right, "YARE HA EL" or "Praise The Lord."

We would strongly suggest that skeptics make the effort to visit these petroglyphs before dismissing this theory. We also would suggest that professional historians review the work of James Harris and the "old Negev" script that was documented in the Israeli desert during the Harvard Expedition in 1994. We have provided map details for this reason and we welcome any informed commentary.

In addition to revisiting this previously documented stone, Viewzone also discovered a new collection of petroglyphs. These proved most interesting.

title: User:Vuara/ViewZone 2002


text:
Talk:hạt

Alternate definition
Can it also mean "nut," as in hạt dẻ? <IP_ADDRESS> 00:10, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:hạt