text:
Stella Rotenberg

Stella Rotenberg (born Stella Siegmann: 27 March 1915 - 3 July 2013) was a German language writer of prose and lyric poetry, originally from Vienna. For reasons of race and politics she was obliged to abandon her university medical studies in 1938 and to flee the country. She was keen to emigrate to England, but the necessary visa was not forthcoming and in March 1939 she fled, instead, to the Netherlands. Her brother Erwin had escaped to Sweden the previous year. For her Jewish parents, who were by this time beyond working age, there seemed to be no hope of admission to a foreign country: they remained behind. Stella Siegmann's long-awaited visa from the British was finally received in August 1939 and she moved to England where, a few months later, she married a fellow Austrian exile called Wolf Rotenberg. For the remaining 64 years of her life Stella Rotenberg lived in England, from 1948 in Leeds (Yorkshire). The language she preferred to use for her published work was always German, however.

Provenance and early years
Stella Siegmann was born into an assimilated Jewish family in Vienna and grew up in the city's 20th district, a densely populated quarter a little to the north of the city centre, and located on the island formed by the channeling that two centuries before created the "Danube Canal". Bernhard Siegmann, Stella's father, was a trader in textiles and fabrics. Her brother, Erwin, was a year older than she. The family was not wealthy, but Bernhard and Regine Siegmann were keen to ensure that their two children received a proper education. Beyond that they were, by the standards of the time and place, open-minded and flexible in their approach to parenting, allowing their children a considerable degree of freedom.

She attended junior school locally. As she would later recall, even at this early stage she was aware of antisemitic sentiments on the streets and in the school corridors. She would also always remember the religious studies teacher challenging the mainstream antisemitism at the predominantly Roman Catholic school, telling the children that "Jews are human too". She moved on to the Staats-Unterrealschule (as the Brigittenauer Gymnasium – secondary school – was known at that time), near the Augarten park, and also in Vienna's 20th district. As before, most of her school friends and contemporaries were non-Jewish. When she was about fifteen Stella Siegmann and her brother Erwin took part on a schools-arranged camping break during which she made the acquaintance of Jura Soyfer who at the age of nineteen was in the process of embarking on his own career as a precociously gifted and politically committed writer. Her own intense love of the German language was awakened while she was still at school. This, and her love of reading, seem always to have been an important element in her being. As a girl her favourite author was Thomas Mann, to whose multi-layered works she returned, fascinated, again and again. Others whose works she particularly admired included "Klabund" and Brecht. Reading for Stella Siegmann was no mere pastime for idle moments. It was and remained a core dependency and, in dark times, a vital therapy. The years between 1926 and 1930 were probably the happiest of her young life, but she was nevertheless aware of the darkening political clouds, of the fatal Palace of Justice revolt and later, in 1934, of the brutally crushed insurrection on the streets of Vienna in February of that year.

In the early summer of 1934 Stella Siegmann successfully concluded her school career. She teamed up with her brother Erwin and a friend to undertake an extended tour of Europe, taking in Italy, France, Belgium and the Netherlands. In Milan she met Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany. More generally, during their tour she came to a wider appreciation that antisemitism, far from being a peculiarly Viennese phenomenon, was widespread and intensifying across Europe. Returning to Vienna, in the Fall/Autumn she enrolled at the university to study Medicine. Her brother had done the same a year earlier. It was nevertheless, at that time, an unusual step for a woman, especially for a Jewish woman.

Anschluss
The 1930s was a decade of intensifying politicisation and polarisation across German speaking Europe. Siegmann became aware of growing levels of support among fellow students for the banned (after 1933) Communist Party and for the National Socialists. After 12 March 1938 everything changed for Erwin and Stella Siegmann when Austria was incorporated into Nazi Germany. Although the transformation came about through military invasion, there was strong support across Austria for the idea of a united German state which extended well beyond hardened Nazi activists. But for Austrian Jews the so-called "Anschluss" marked the beginning of the end. Stella and Erwin were forced to quit their medical studies and a period of government mandated violence, disenfranchisement and humiliation followed. Her father's business was "aryanised" (expropriated) while the family's little apartment was first plundered and then taken over. Regine Siegmann was "badly mistreated" and an uncle was beaten up so badly that he became deaf. The family were moved to a "mass housing unit". Stella Siegmann who as a young adult had worn her ethnicity relatively lightly, now found refuge in Judaism which she came to see as the embodiment of non-violent principles of charity and respect for the law.

Escape
In July 1938 Erwin Siegmann managed to escape to Stockholm. His sister set her sights on emigration to England. She knew that there was a serious shortage there of domestic servants, which meant that for young women it would be relatively easy to obtain an entry visa and obtain work as a housemaid. She contacted the British "Home Office" (interior ministry) in London and received an assurance that as a medical student she would be able to work as a trainee carer ("Pfleger-Lehrling") in a British hospital. But no visa came. In Vienna, antisemitic persecution persisted, while the German take-over in Czechoslovakia brought the prospect of a wider European war into a clearer focus, which could only lead to increased difficulties in Vienna. When she had applied for her British visa, she had also had the prescience to apply for a visa to work as a servant ("Hausgehilfinnen-Visum") in the Netherlands. On 14 March 1939, she departed from the "Westbahnhof" on the train to Amsterdam. She would never see her parents again. Her brother had secured Swedish entry documents for them, but the German authorities were disinclined to let them leave the country without payment of prohibitively inflated fees to the government Vermögensverkehrsstelle(loosely, "Property Transaction Office."). Stella Siegmann took work as a domestic servant in Leiden, running the home of a single forty-year-old man whose aspirations for her were evidently inappropriate. She spoke about this to the Refugee Committee in den Haag who switched her to an alternative (but unpaid) job, in return for her board and lodging, at an orphanage in den Haag.

Her experiences in the Netherlands were in some respects disappointing. As international tensions increased the governments in western Europe took a less welcoming approach to Germany's many refugees, and during her time working at the orphanage she was required to report to a police station every day. In August 1939, shortly before the outbreak (for England and Germany, if not yet for the Netherlands) of the Second World War, the long-awaited visa for Britain arrived, and Siegmann immediately traveled by boat across the North Sea to London. The development was the more welcome because by this time, as she later recalled, she had a "boyfriend" in England. Almost immediately she accepted a traineeship as a carer at a psychiatric hospital in Colchester (Essex). Her initial impressions of England were only positive. Here was a country where refugees could find work and the opportunity to integrate. There are, however, powerful indications that she soon encountered a darker side to English society, through her work in the Colchester psychiatric hospital: these gave rise to darkly bitter resonances in several of her later poems.

Living and working in Colchester meant that Stella Siegmann was cut off from almost all the German and Austrian exiles who had come to England and who stayed in and around London. She spoke no English, but necessity and her superb ear for language enabled her to learn it very quickly, so that her greater concern became that she would forget her German. She was nevertheless too frightened, under the conditions of those times, to speak any words of German in public.

Wolf
One person who came to visit her a few weeks after she arrived in England was her "boyfriend" Wolf Rotenberg. Wolf Rotenberg was of Polish-Jewish provenance but his family had settled in Vienna and in 1938 he had been deprived of his Polish citizenship after refusing to perform military service in the Polish army. The two of them had been medical students together in Vienna. They married at a registry office in Colchester on 23 October 1939. At around the same time Wolf Rotenberg was accepted into the Pioneer Corps of the British army. As a result of his successive postings to different parts of England the newly married couple lived in a succession of locations, which for Stella involved giving up her work at the Colchester psychiatric hospital. They lived successively in Devonshire and Somerset: she found work as a medical assistant. By 1945 the Rotenbergs were living in the north of England, in Darlington, where Stella Rotenbnerg had found work as a book keeper. The couple's only recorded son, Adrian, was born in 1951.

1940s England
In the early part of 1940 Stella Rotenberg wrote her first published poem. She wrote, sources insist, not for publication, and certainly not for publication in Germany or Austria, but because of a compulsion to write. It would indeed be several decades before any of her poems were published. (Her poems were always written in German.) Her first poem was written while Wolf was away in France and Stella was living as a subtenant in a small room in Colchester. She was always hungry. The she was taken in by a family who fed her properly. She became a little less thin and felt a little better. There was still, in her room, hardly enough space for a bed. Nevertheless, she was able to set her suitcase before the door. Under these conditions she wrote "Ohne Heimat" (loosely, "Without a Homeland"). Her short poem corresponded with the conditions under which she was living.

After the war Stella Rotenberg and her brother were able to investigate their parents' fate. Bernhard and Regine Siegmann were deported towards the east on 20 May 1942 and disappeared, like thousands of others, a few days later, although the detailed circumstances of their killings were at that time unclear. Subsequent research confirms they were almost certainly murdered, either at Auschwitz or else during an unscheduled halt in a wooded area by the train transporting victims towards a death camp.

In 1946 Stella Rotenberg was granted British citizenship. Erwin Siegmann, her brother, made plans to return "home" to postwar Austria, but antisemitic incidents that he came across during a visit caused him to abandon the idea: when he died in 1990 he was still living in Stockholm. Wolf Rotenberg husband set about completing his medical training. In 1948 the Wolf and Stella moved to Leeds where Wolf undertook a practical internship at the clinic there. In the postwar austerity of those times there was still no question of the Rotenbergs having their own home. They lived instead in a small one-room service apartment at the hospital where Wolf was working. They nevertheless ended up living together in Leeds for the rest of their lives. Her poetry, which she continued to write, reflected the sense of loss in respect of her parents' murder and the life she had led in Vienna before the coming to power of National Socialism. Commentators have also drawn attention to the rich seams of biblical references in her work. Rotenberg never made any secret of her love and respect for Martin Luther's glorious translations of 1522 and 1534.

There were other German refugees also living in Leeds, but none of them felt comfortable speaking German: Stella Rotenberg was acutely aware that her English was accented. Native-born English neighbours were friendly up to a point, but acceptance was never entirely unqualified and her written work continued to reflect a sense of social isolation consistent with the Rotenbergs' position as foreign-born exiles. She also continued to be haunted by a belief that being cut off from daily use of the German language was diminishing her skill as a practitioner of it, and she feared that losing her fluency also removed one of her last surviving connections to her murdered mother.

Late discovery
Publication of her work was not on Stella Rotenberg's agenda during the 1940s and 1950s, and for a German language poet living in England the opportunities were any event limited. Neither Stella nor her brother Erwin would ever return to live in Austria. For a long time Stella Rotenberg's work remained unknown in Austria: that was a fate she shared with a number of exiled Austrian authors who after the war were unwilling unable to re-establish links with the country of their upbringing. Through the immediate post-war decades was a corresponding reluctance in Austria to engage with exiled victims of the National Socialist nightmare. Nevertheless, during the 1960s one or two of Rotenberg's poems began to turn up in newspapers and magazines in a number of different countries. The first compilation of her poems was published only in 1972, however, and it was published not in Vienna, Berlin or London, but in Tel Aviv.

The next significant compilation, published by J. G. Bläschke in Darmstadt, was "Die wir übrig sind" which appeared in 1978, and has been re-issued several times by different publishers subsequently. By this time a number of uncomfortable issues relating to the National Socialist years that had been subject to a widespread if informal vow of silence since 1945 were beginning to be discussed more openly, and this coincided with greater recognition and a growing academic interest in Rotenberg's work, notably in Austria and West Germany. "Scherben sind endlicher Hort" and "Ungewissen Ursprungs" followed in 1991 and 1997. Late in 2003 "Scherben sind endlicher Hort" became the first volume of Rotenberg's work to appear in an English language translation. By the early part of the twenty-first century a series of sympathetic translations into English by the Irish-born literary translator Donal McLaughlin were opening up Rotenberg's work to readers in Britain and Ireland, and attracting attention from anglophone scholars in those places. Back in Austria, in 2001 Stella Rotenberg became the first recipient of the Prize for Resistance Writing in Exile awarded (since then) annually by the Vienna-based Theodor Kramer Society.

Death
Wolf Rotenberg died in 1992. Stella Rotenberg died in Leeds on 3 July 2013.

<!--- CC

Seit 1948 lebten Wolf und Stella Rotenberg in Leeds. .... Das britische Exil wurde zu einem bleibenden, fortwährenden und unaufhebbaren Zustand.6 Trotz des gastfreundlichen Empfangs führte die Dichterin ein isoliertes Leben in der Provinz. Dazu kam die starke Wahrnehmung der Heimatlosigkeit. Ihr Bruder wollte zurück nach Österreich, aber während eines Besuchs im Heimatland schockierten ihn antisemitische Episoden dermaßen, dass er den Plan einer Rückkehr in die Heimat aufgab. Er starb 1990 in Stockholm. 1992 starb Wolf Rotenberg. Die Dichterin lebte in Großbritannien bis zum Jahr 2013.

Wie Primus Heinz Kucher feststellt, bringt dieser Text [Ohne Heimat] "die Erfahrung des Verlustes lapidar und bestürzt zur Sprache".10 in knappen Verszeilen listet die Dichterin auf, was den Flüchtlingen bleibt und worüber sie verfügen können. Das Fazit ist miserabel. Ihnen sind nur Unbeständigkeit und Aussichtslosigkeit geblieben. Das Gefühl, diese Zustände mit den anderen zu teilen, könnte vielleicht die Flüchtlinge in einer Art Schicksalsgemeinschaft verbinden, wobei das lyrische Ich als Sprachrohr der gesam-ten Gruppe hervortreten würde. Der Reim, die Anaphern und die Wiederholungen scheinen ein Gegengewicht zur Aussichtslosigkeit der Exilierten darzustellen. Jedoch solpert der Leser wegen des Fehlens der Kommata vor den Relativsätzen, ein Zeichen, dass die scheinbare Regelmäßigkeit der Form nur begrenzt das Trauma der Verfolgten bremsen kann. Dazu kommt, dass der letzte Vers, isoliert vom Rest, die Einsamkeit des Exilierten feststellt.11Im Gedicht Flüchtlinge12 werden unterschiedliche Flüchtlingsschicksale dargestellt. Das lyrische Ich sitzt am "Wasserrand"  –  der Bezug auf Psalm 137 ist unübersehbar13  –  und vergleicht das Geschick eines Menschen, der die Heimat sucht, mit dem Missgeschick desjenigen, der  überhaupt keine Zuflucht findet. Voller Schwierigkeiten ist aber auch das Leben jener, die Asyl finden. Der im Exil erreichte bzw. errungene Friede ist kein vollständiger, sondern ein prekärer oder "zeitweiliger", wie Rotenberg in Nach der Flucht14 feststellt. In dieselbe Richtung geht das Gedicht Heimatlos:

EP

Für viele Vertriebene wurde das vorübergehende Asyl zu einem fortwährenden Exil.39Eine Rückkehr nach Österreich stand für Stella und Wolf Rotenberg niezur Debatte: „Ich wollte mit Österreich überhaupt nichts zu tun haben. Denn ichhabe gedacht, das ist ungerecht: Alles schimpft auf die Deutschen, und die Österreicher waren genauso. Hitler war Österreicher.“40 Im Exil wurde die Sprache für viele Vertriebene zur neuen „Heimat“.41Auch für Stella Rotenberg scheint die deutsche Sprache zum Synonym für „Heimat“ geworden zu sein: „Und in demWort / bin ich zuhause. Heimat, Hort / sind hier im Wort, nicht tausend Meilen fortund – dort.“42Gleichzeitig gehört es für Exilautorinnen und -autoren zu den größten Herausforderungen ihres literarischen Schaffens, abgeschnitten zu sein vom täglichen Gebrauch ihrer Muttersprache. „Ich glaube, ich hätte vielleicht mehr undbesser geschrieben, wenn es nicht England wäre“,43so die Autorin zu ihrer Tren-nung vom deutschen Sprachraum. In eindrücklicher und gleichzeitig bedrückender Weise schildert eines ihrer Gedichte das Los von Literatinnen und Literaten im Exil:

wiki-de

2001 erhielt sie den erstmals vergebenen Theodor-Kramer-Preis für Schreiben im Widerstand und im Exil der Theodor Kramer Gesellschaft. Rotenberg war Ehrenmitglied des PEN Zentrums deutschsprachiger Autoren im Ausland. --->

Published output (selection)
• Gedichte. Olamenu, Tel-Aviv 1972.

• Die wir übrig sind. Bläschke, Darmstadt 1978.

• Scherben sind endlicher Hort. Verlag für Gesellschaftskritik, Wien 1991.

• Ungewissen Ursprungs. Gesammelte Prosa. Edited and with an afterword by Siglinde Bolbecher. With illustrations by Hildegard Stöger. Theodor Kramer Gesellschaft, Wien 1997, ISBN 978-3-901602-02-3.

• Zusammen mit Tamar Radzyner: Meine wahre Heimat. My True Homeland. Edition Mnemosnyne Band 8. Alekto-Verlag, Klagenfurt 1999, ISBN 3-900743-94-0.

• Shards. Edinburgh Review, Edinburgh 2003 (bi-lingual edition).

• An den Quell. Gesammelte Gedichte. Edited by Siglinde Bolbecher und Beatrix Müller-Kampel. Theodor Kramer Society, Wien 2003, ISBN 978-3-901602-07-8

• Beitrag in: Exil. Literatur und Gedächtnis. Ein Lesebuch. Hgg. Thomas Wallerberger, Judith Goetz, Alexander Emanuely. Verlag der Theodor Kramer-Gesellschaft, Wien 2012 ISBN 390160247X

title: Stella Rotenberg


text:
Raw tension e.p.

raw tension e.p. (stylized as >Raw Tension<) is an EP by haloblack, released on August 23, 1995, by Fifth Colvmn Records. It contains outtakes and remixes from the band's first two full-length Haloblack albums, Tension Filter and funkyhell. Intended to be pressed on compact disc in 1995 with its six songs contained in one continuous track, the EP was instead issued on cassette with an additional seventh track and te songs separated. On March 7, 2001, the CD-R version was released with original intended track listing intact on digital format.

Personnel
Adapted from the raw tension e.p. liner notes.

haloblack
 * Bryan Barton (as Bryan Black) – vocals, instruments, production
 * Bill Morrisette – production
 * Damien Ray – instruments

Additional performers
 * Joel Allard – guitar ("Blood Rich Heart")
 * Jim Marcus – vocals ("No Chance Control (Part 2)")
 * Jason McNinch – remixing ("Balance" (Warzone))
 * Paul Robb – sampler ("Hack")

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Raw tension e.p.


text:
Intercollegiate sports team cycling champions

The competitions to declare intercollegiate champions in cycling in the United States are organized by National Collegiate Cycling Association, a division of USA Cycling.

In the fall of 2016, previous Division I and Division II categories were replaced by varsity and club divisions after many schools launched varsity programs in cycling, a traditionally club sport.

Championships are held in track, mountain biking, cyclocross, BMX, and road disciplines in 11 conferences nationwide, with national championships occurring once a year for each discipline.

Collegiate cycling in the USA is organized into eleven geographic conferences:
 * Atlantic Cycling Conference (ACCC)
 * Eastern Cycling Conference (ECCC)
 * Intermountain Cycling Conference (IMCCC)
 * Midwest Cycling Conference (MWCCC)
 * North Central Cycling Conference (NCCCC)
 * Northwest Cycling Conference (NWCCC)
 * Rocky Mountain Cycling Conference (RMCCC)
 * Southeast Cycling Conference (SECCC)
 * South Central Cycling Conference (SCCCC)
 * Southwest Cycling Conference(SWCCC)
 * Western Cycling Conference (WCCC)

Overall
Sources:


text:
cat stretch

Noun

 * 1) A stretch position, naturally and comfortably assumed by a limber feline or imitated by a human (notably as a gymnastic exercise), on all fours with the back maximally arched and pointing upwards.

title: cat stretch


text:
Talk:Dimitrios Konstantopoulos

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title: Talk:Dimitrios Konstantopoulos


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Inri Manzo

The result was no consensus. Subject passes NFOOTY but I acknowledge issues around wider GNG noted. Historic AfD arguments have shown consensus that young players still involved in NFOOTY passing competitions are notable despite low numbers of appearance as it is presumed they will make further FPL appearances. Fenix down (talk) 09:41, 22 October 2017 (UTC)

Inri Manzo

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Article about footballer who hasn't played in a fully-pro league and who isn't the subject of significant coverage in reliable sources. PROD was contested on the grounds that the article satisfies WP:FOOTBALL because he has played in Liga MX, however all sources indicate that he has never played in Liga MX, but rather has made 2 substitute appearances in the initial phase of the Copa MX - i.e., not a fully-pro league. Even if someone believes that the cameos in the cup competition are equivalent to playing in the league (a dubious claim in my view), the only online coverage of this player is a handful of routine match reports, a mention of him being let go by Veracruz, and an announcement of his signing for a semi-pro club (Orizaba). Jogurney (talk) 13:09, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Football-related deletion discussions. Jogurney (talk) 13:24, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of association football-related deletions.Pharaoh of the Wizards (talk) 14:20, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Keep passes WP:FOOTY .He has played in the Copa MX for Veracruz against Monterrey when the both clubs for playing Liga MX a fully professional league as per this .Now the  subject is only 26 years and is currently playing for Veracruz in  Copa MX hence see little point in deleting it.Pharaoh of the Wizards (talk) 21:28, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * He left Veracruz in 2016, and plays for semi-pro Orizaba - most 26 year old players don't revive their careers after dropping out of professional football, and it seems like we would be applying WP:CRYSTAL to assume he will make further appearances in Copa MX (or an actual fully-pro league). I agree that he made two cameos in the Copa MX (initial phase), which doesn't get significant coverage unlike Liga MX or even Ascenso MX. That a dubious notability claim in my view. Jogurney (talk) 04:23, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * :As per Soccerway profile as I type he is listed as Veracruz player now even he is playing Orizaba .Now if he was injured or retired it would be different but he is 26 years and  actively playing hence would not normally  agree to deletion any sportsman who meets WP:NSPORT and is actively playing.Pharaoh of the Wizards (talk) 10:17, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Maybe you are correct. This article indicates that Manzo left Orizaba (due to age restrictions) at the end of May 2017 - and while unclear, he may have returned to Veracruz in some capacity. I'll see if there is anything which confirms he is in Veracruz's future plans. Jogurney (talk) 14:23, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Actually, there are no mentions of him on Veracruz's official website since late 2016, and he is not listed in the equipo. Perhaps he is playing for another affiliated club, but it seems more likely the club has cut ties with him (as they would have when he moved to Orizaba in 2016). Jogurney (talk) 14:32, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete no evidence in article he ever played in a match between full pro teams.John Pack Lambert (talk) 04:08, 23 September 2017 (UTC)
 * User:Johnpacklambert the information is provided just above. Read Deletion is not cleanup. If the subject of an article has been proven to pass notability guidelines, there is no need for a deletion discussion. Nfitz (talk) 05:02, 10 October 2017 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
 * Keep - meets WP:NFOOTBALL. Needs improving, not deleting. GiantSnowman 08:42, 24 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure there is much to improve for a footballer who has only played 51 minutes of football in the Copa MX a few years ago. This is a case where an article so narrowly passes the bright line of NFOOTBALL, that it isn't reasonable to assume notability or future compliance with the GNG. Jogurney (talk) 23:06, 25 September 2017 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks,  J 947(c) (m) 05:22, 30 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Sportspeople-related deletion discussions. North America1000 16:43, 30 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Mexico-related deletion discussions. North America1000 16:43, 30 September 2017 (UTC)

Delete - If the article "needs improvement", then do it. Find the sources, expand the article, make it pass the notability requirements, and turn this into encyclopedic content and not just another stub. I'm not a fan of adding biographies that will can never reach an encyclopedic level. In this case in particular, the amount of sources to back up this player are just not there. This is a non-notable football profile. MX ( ✉  •  ✎  ) 02:15, 1 October 2017 (UTC) Comment SNGs exist to provide for the inclusion of certain defined subjects that cannot immediately be shown to pass GNG. An SNG provides for a presumption of notability, not a presumption of non-notability An SNG cannot be used to exclude/delete an article when the subject passes GNG, but the reverse is patently absurd because that would negate the entire reason for the existence of SNGs particularly for a player currently playing and only 26 years old.Pharaoh of the Wizards (talk) 01:28, 7 October 2017 (UTC)  Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus. Relisting comment: This has been a truly interesting discussion so far, but at the moment I think there are equally valid arguments for closing as delete or as no consensus, so let's have another week to get some more viewpoints.
 * Delete Nomination statement is right on the money I think. With only 51 minutes across 2 substitute appearances in a cup competition that has amateur teams as well, the "presumption" of notability on the basis that his two games were between 2 professional teams is tenuous even if that is technically meeting NFOOTBALL. Given that he now plays in a non pro league and not generating in depth coverage, this subject fails WP:GNG. Club Oranje T 10:17, 2 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete the bright line in NFOOTY presumes there is enough significant coverage to satisfy GNG. This presumption does not seem to apply to this subject due to lack of experience and time of play at the appropriate level, as well a presumably notable level. A sports biography that has no chance of expansion because the subject has dropped below the radar of significant coverage is not the intent behind covering subjects on Wikipedia. We are not a repository for indiscriminate information. As stated above: If the article "needs improvement", then do it. Find the sources, expand the article, make it pass the notability requirements, and turn this into encyclopedic content... ---Steve Quinn (talk)
 * Comment There doesn't seem to be enough evidence to indicate this person is likely to play in fully professional leagues. And presumption of notability based on minutes played for Veracruz in a cup tournament is dubious, especially if he is currently playing below the professional level - meaning the subject fails GNG due to a lack of significant coverage. If it were firmly established that the next part of his career would be in the pros then that would be different. So, as stated above, WP:CRYSTAL applies as does WP:IINFO due to WP:TOOSOON. If he starts generating enough acceptable coverage to satisfy GNG then recreate or resurrect this article. Also, as a biography of a living person, more reliable sourcing should be available for a Wikipedia article. ---Steve Quinn (talk) 02:18, 7 October 2017 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks,  A  Train talk 09:11, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep meets WP:NFOOTBALL. Nfitz (talk) 05:02, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Nfitz is topic banned from the Wikipedia namespace and therefore has no standing to comment here. See Editing restrictions/Placed by the Wikipedia community. Sir Sputnik (talk) 19:25, 14 October 2017 (UTC)

 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus. Relisting comment: To allow (pinging) to answer to the question posed today.
 * Keep - meets WP:NFOOTBALL and GNG.BabbaQ (talk) 06:46, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Comment - as you are the first editor to suggest the article meets the GNG, would you please provide more detail on why you think it does? I've searched online and don't believe it could (and believe the article doesn't in its current state). Thank you. Jogurney (talk) 13:17, 16 October 2017 (UTC)

Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks,  So Why  16:34, 16 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep Passes WP:NFOOTBALL. AFD is not cleanup. The current state of the article is irrelevant. Smartyllama (talk) 18:23, 16 October 2017 (UTC)
 * That's a straw man argument - nobody has suggested the article's current state is grounds for deletion. However, as I stated above, it appears there are no sources available to improve or expand the article. Jogurney (talk) 19:19, 16 October 2017 (UTC)
 * The article is sourced with WP:RS and there is no WP:DEADLINE it will expand in due course and further the subject is 26 years and is playing.Pharaoh of the Wizards (talk) 19:57, 16 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Weak Delete as the page stands, it's an easy delete, no mentions of notability and barely formatted. If it gets expanded a bit, with proper formatting, I don't see a problem with keeping since he passes the bare minimum for notability.--Ortizesp (talk) 22:33, 21 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Keep as he passes WP:NFOOTY, there is rs in the article, its crystal ball to prejudge the rest of his career and the state of the article is not relevant Atlantic306 (talk) 22:36, 21 October 2017 (UTC)
 * We have a longstanding consensus of viewing such minimal play in a fully-pro league (or in this case a cup competition) as not actually satisfying NFOOTBALL unless it's clear that GNG can be satisfied (e.g., Articles for deletion/Wouter Soomer). We are not pre-judging his career but rather noting the facts - he has never appeared in a fully-pro league (just a cup) and has spent the last few years with semi-pro clubs. Jogurney (talk) 03:48, 22 October 2017 (UTC)
 * And it seems absurd to me that editors argue to keep players with les than a games worth of time in a local cup competition open to all-comers, yet argue to delete a guy who has played several games at the FIFA Club World Cup which pits the winners of all the confederation top champions leagues against each other. Club Oranje T 04:57, 22 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom Spiderone  09:23, 22 October 2017 (UTC)


text:
Peter Deegan

Peter Deegan (born 1970) is an American attorney who is a partner at Taft Stettinius & Hollister and was formerly the United States Attorney for the United States District Court for the Northern District of Iowa.

Education
Deegan earned a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy, cum laude, from the University of Notre Dame in 1992 and a Juris Doctor, cum laude, from Wayne State University Law School in 1995. During law school, Deegan worked as a law clerk at DeNardis & Miller, P.C. and Keller Thoma, P.C. Deegan is a registered Republican.

Legal career
Following graduation, Deegan clerked for Lawrence P. Zatkoff of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan. He then worked briefly at a firm that is now part of Ogletree Deakins in Chicago. Deegan was an Assistant United States Attorney in the Eastern District of Michigan from 2004 to 2006.

From 2006 to 2017 he served as Assistant United States Attorney in the Northern District of Iowa, including a stint as chief of the criminal division beginning in 2015. He was lead counsel in the prosecutions of Russell Wasendorf and Sholom Rubashkin. He also has taught at the University of Iowa College of Law. After being nominated to become a U.S. Attorney by President Donald Trump, Deegan was confirmed unanimously by the United States Senate on September 14, 2017.

On February 8, 2021, he along with 55 other Trump-era attorneys were asked to resign. On February 9, 2021, Deegan announced his resignation effective February 17. Deegan is now a Partner at Taft Stettinius & Hollister in Chicago.

title: Peter Deegan


text:
Wikiversity:Course titles

This proposed Wikiversity policy addresses how courses should be named and numbered. Please do not use course number schemes in page names. Page names should be descriptive, and not codified.

Formal policy
All courses must be titled appropriately and concisely. Numbers must be structured in a logical flow and cannot be duplicated.

Course Titles

 * Courses that have one topic must be labeled as concisely as possible. For example,
 * October Revolution
 * (Specifically October 1917 in Russia). The title will be as simple as stated and the Course Title will reflect where (ie. Russia).

 * Courses that have a broad topic must be labeled as concisely as possible. For example,
 * Russian History
 * (All Russian History). The title will be as simple as stated and the Course Number will reflect where (ie. Russia).

 * Courses that are broad but limited must be labeled as concisely as possible. For example,
 * Russian Revolutions (1865-1917)
 * (All Russian Revolutions involving the soviets)

Course Levels
There are 7 levels of courses offered at Wikiversity
 * Primary/Elementary
 * Secondary/High School
 * Beginning University/College (AA Level)
 * Advanced University (BA Level)
 * Superior University | Thesis-level | Honors Project (MA Level)
 * Graduate (PHD Level)
 * Non-standard

These may be further generalized as:
 * Pre-College (levels 1 & 2)
 * College/University (levels 3 & 4)
 * Graduate (levels 5 & 6)
 * Non-standard

title: Wikiversity:Course titles


text:
Qaleh Now-ye Alireza Bek

Qaleh Now-ye Alireza Bek (, also Romanized as Qal‘eh Now-ye ‘Alīreẕā Beyk and Qal‘eh Now-e ‘Alīreẕā Bek) is a village in Fazl Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 234, in 67 families.

title: Qaleh Now-ye Alireza Bek


text:
Great Books of the 20th Century

Great Books of the 20th Century is a series of twenty novels published by Penguin Books released at the end of the 20th century.

The following novels are included in the series:

 * Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad (1899–1902)
 * Swann's Way by Marcel Proust (1913)
 * The Metamorphosis and Other Stories by Franz Kafka (1915)
 * The Good Soldier by Ford Madox Ford (1915)
 * A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce (1914–16)
 * My Ántonia by Willa Cather (1918)
 * Women in Love by D. H. Lawrence (1920)
 * The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton (1920)
 * The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck (1939)
 * The Heart of the Matter by Graham Greene (1948)
 * The Adventures of Augie March by Saul Bellow (1953)
 * Lord of the Flies by William Golding (1954)
 * On the Road by Jack Kerouac (1957)
 * One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey (1962)
 * Gravity's Rainbow by Thomas Pynchon (1973)
 * Waiting for the Barbarians by J. M. Coetzee (1980)
 * Midnight's Children by Salman Rushdie (1981)
 * White Noise by Don DeLillo (1985)
 * Love in the Time of Cholera by Gabriel García Márquez (1985)
 * Beloved by Toni Morrison (1987)

title: Great Books of the 20th Century


text:
The Shaggy Dog (franchise)

The Shaggy Dog franchise consists of American science fiction-fantasy-comedy films, with three theatrical releases, and two made-for-television films. The overall story is based on the 1923 novel titled The Hound of Florence by Felix Salten. The overarching story of each installment, follows Wilbur "Wilby" Daniels (portrayed by varying actors in each individual film) who is cursed and transforms into a large Old English Sheepdog after attaining an ancient Borgian ring and reciting its inscription.

A reimagined-live-action remake was released in 2006, with Tim Allen in the starring role. Though the overall concept was similar, many aspects of the previous films were changed, and thus has more in common with a reboot. The main character David Douglas becomes a Bearded Collie, after being bitten by a 'sacred dog'. The film genre takes on a slapstick comedy style.

The films were met with mixed to positive critical reception, while the television remake was met with poor reception. Additionally, the second remake was met with predominantly poor box office and critical reception. It made less in box office returns, than its budget. In 1999 the Shaggy Dog films, along with a number of other Disney film series, were expanded as a Walt Disney Parks franchise through a themepark attraction, with elements included from each film.

Origin
The 1923 Austrian fantasy children's novel by Felix Salten, set during the early eighteenth-century Austria and Italy, served as the inspiration for The Walt Disney Company's Shaggy Dog franchise. The story follows the teenage main character, Lukas Grassi. Grassi lost his parents and lives in Vienna, Austria, in poor conditions, and great poverty, but longs to return to his native land Italy, having desires to study art in Florence. Through supernatural means his wish is magically granted, he must endure taking the form of the archduke's dog, named Kambyses, every-other-day. Grassi travels from Vienna to Florence, and learns that he must continue to live this duality he is cursed to until the archduke will leave Florence for Vienna. However, ending in tragedy, the archduke stabs the dog to death with a dagger, inadvertently killing Lukas.

The novel was first translated into the English language in 1930 by Huntley Paterson. The ending of the book in this iteration differs greatly from the original release. Following the events of the original novel, a wholly new ending of six additional pages was written where Lucas survives, receives medication, and is united with a courtesan.

Development
Walt Disney originally purchased the film rights to Salten's novel Bambi, a Life in the Woods in 1937. In May 1941, Disney purchased the rights to five more of the author's novels, which included options to Salten to adapt them. The novels were Bambi sequels: Bambi's Children and Perri: The Youth of a Squirrel, as well as Renni the Rescuer: A Dog of the Battlefield, City Jungle and The Hound of Florence. Salten did not want to make Bambi's Children, and didn't want anyone else to make it either. He did however intend to for the other books to be adapted into animated films. Before these additional films could be made, Salten died in Zurich in 1945.

By 1952, ABC wanted Walt Disney to develop a television series for the network. He pitched them The Shaggy Dog, a concept he described as "a story that treated the younger generation and its problems in a light manner". After the pitch was declined, Disney stated: "They turned me down flat. I was hopping mad when I went back to the studio, so I called in Bill Walsh and said 'Let's make a feature of it.'" The film's star, Tommy Kirk later acknowledged that the film was originally shot to be a two-part introduction to the television show, stating that the segments were spliced together at the last minute to make a feature film.

Upon its release, The Shaggy Dog was the most profitable film at that time produced by Disney. This spawned the continued adaptations and installments in the franchise.

The Shaggy Dog (1959)
Wilby Daniels, the son of a dog-hating former-mailman named Wilson, accidentally becomes a canine himself when he acquires an ancient Borgian ring and receives its curse. Inadvertently invoking a magical spell engraved upon the centuries-old jewelry, Wilby begins turning into an Old English sheepdog at unpredictable times. Managing his transformations and his personal life becomes more complicated when he overhears a plot to steal secret government information while in dog-form. Wilby sets out on an unexpected adventure, in attempts to stop the criminals from succeeding.

The Shaggy D.A. (1976)
Years after the first film, Wilby Daniels is now a successful lawyer. After returning from vacation only to find his house has been ransacked by burglars, he decides to rid the town of crime by running for district attorney against the corrupt John Slade in the upcoming election. Just as Wilby begins his campaign, he learns that the Borgian ring that has the power to turn him into a large old English sheepdog has been stolen from a museum. Realizing that the precious jewel and its curse are once again transforming him into a sheepdog at the most inconvenient times, Wilby continues his campaign for D.A. with a greater determination to win the election, regardless.

The Shaggy Dog (2006)
A modern-day adaptation of the film series, The Shaggy Dog (2006) includes elements from the two previous theatrical films.

Deputy District Attorney Dave Douglas is a workaholic, and often places his job responsibilities before his family. After accepting a court case which involves an animal laboratory, he gets bit by a sheepdog. The infection, with a top-secret serum, begins a cycle of transforming Douglas into a Bearded Collie dog. His time as a canine begins to give Dave a new perspective on the importance of his time with his family. He realizes that but before he can make things right with his wife and kids, he must find evidence and prove that those individuals responsible for the concoction that causes his affliction are criminals.

Television
During the late 1980s, a sequel to The Shaggy Dog and prequel to The Shaggy D.A. was released exclusively through television broadcast. The film's events take place during the seventeen years between the two stories, and was deemed a success. After this production, The Walt Disney Company continued this trend through the remainder of the '80s and early-'90s, with a number of made-for-television remake films of classic Walt Disney Productions. Produced and released as a part of The Magical World of Disney series, among them, was a television remake of The Shaggy Dog.

The Return of the Shaggy Dog (1987)
Wilby Daniels, now a successful lawyer, is engaged to his girlfriend Betty. A dying Professor Plumcutt bequeaths the ancient Borgian ring to Daniels, only for the professor's evil caretakers to plot a heist in attaining the inherited item for their own nefarious plans. After Wilby attains the ring, the curse that transforms him into a sheepdog is reactivated in the process of foiling the criminals' plans. With the help of his younger brother "Moochie", Wilby sets out to find a way of once again breaking the curse, while assisting his Moochie – an upcoming casting director – in creating the perfect commercial for dogs. The pair seek to stop the henchman, in addition to once again breaking the curse before Wilby and Betty's imminent wedding day.

The Shaggy Dog (1994)
Wilby is a 16-year-old who loves studying science, but can never seem to catch the attention of the girls at school. He learns from his father that the House of Borgia used magic in ancient times to conjure up love, only to unintentionally gain possession of an ancient Borgia ring. Wilby decides to see if improves his love life, and to instead be turned into an Old English Sheepdog. He sets off on a series of comedic adventures, seeking to break the curse.

Original trilogy chronological order

 * 1959 – The Shaggy Dog – released in 1959
 * 1960s – The Return of the Shaggy Dog – released in 1987
 * 1976 – The Shaggy D.A. – released in 1976

Theme park attraction
In 1999, the theme of Journey into Imagination was changed and re-titled to include Figment. The ride features Dr. Nigel Channing, from Honey, I Shrunk the Audience!, who "hosts" an area known as the Imagination Institute. The story states that Channing's grandfather established the institute, while the area features references to Dean Higgins (Head of the Medfield College, where the events of The Shaggy D.A. transpire) from the Dexter Riley films, Wayne Szalinski from the Honey, I Shrunk the Kids franchise, as well as Dr. Philip Brainard from Flubber. Walt Disney and Thomas Edison also make an appearance.

Related films
The Medfield College appears in The Shaggy D.A. as a primary location. The fictional college appears in two other Disney film franchises, including both the Flubber and the Dexter Riley film series. Collectively, the three separate film series take place within the same fictional universe. Additionally, the Merlin Jones film series take place at the in-universe sister-school, Midvale College, while The World's Greatest Athlete is set at the related academic school of Merrivale College.

title: The Shaggy Dog (franchise)


text:
User:Examinator~enwiki

Author and publisher of POSEIDON - Personal Online System of Electronic Information Distribution Over Networks - an ISP-independent Instant Messenger (IM) and Voice over IP (VoIP) application written in Java.

POSEIDON's website is : http://www.poseidon.uk.com

Governments collecting excise duty and taxes on the sale of commercial cigarettes and tobacco products, should be prosecuted for Manslaughter by Gross Negligence, Manslaughter in English law

title: User:Examinator~enwiki


text:
Talk:Spineshank

Untitled
Spineshank being metalcore? huh? they've always been quite straightforward about being quite heavily influenced by Fear Factory, a nu-metal band and the first album is a little too much like Coal Chamber and Korn to not be Nu-metal.

The first part of the article is an exact copy of allmusic's article on the band Spineshank. Is AMG under free license? Even if it is, this should be corrected, as it looks cheap and unencyclopedic.

I was thinking of adding a section on perhaps lyrical themes, what the lyrics usually are about and stuff. Not too indepth of course, since only Johnny and Tommy (who wrote all the lyrics) really know exactly what it is about. Somebody who gets their music a little better than me perhaps could describe the musical differences between albums, my musical vocabulary is limited. Also, I removed the word "electro-metallists" from the article. that's not a proper genre and seems a litte fuzzy for an encyclopedic description of a band. Feels like calling DNA for information-thingies.

I was wondering who the person was that put the word "douchebags" on the pic of the band. I dont think that was very professional. They were a pretty decent band, I dont see why they should be disrespected so much.

They are NOT nu metal. They have never incorporated anything similar to rap. They're industrial metal, lately with a hardcore / metalcore style but still industrial. For that matter, Fear Factory is not even close to being nu metal either.

Fixed up page
I tried to fix this page up as much as possible. I wanted to create separate sections for the departure of Jonny Santos, as well as another section for Santos' post-Spineshank projects. I also think that Brandon Espinoza should not be mentioned as an "official member" - simply because nothing with him was ever released, even in the form of a sample MP3. Therefore, it's easier just to say Spineshank broke up in 2004 after Santos left - which is more or less correct anyhow. Oh yeah, and I referenced as much as I could. Dmiles21 05:57, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Genre
I don't really believe that they were ever Nu Metal. People slap that tag on any band that catches any kind of notoriety. Hell, people probably tried to when Lamb of God got a grammy award nomination. The later 2 were more along the lines of industrial and even imo could be metalcore with the use of synths and other sounds, much like Fear Factory (who they're influenced by...), but the first was more like Alternative metal. Shatterzer0 07:48, 26 May 2007 (UTC)

spineshank is the best

I would say they are industrial metal. I would hesitate to call them nu-metal because they aren't very similar to other nu-metal bands. --BennyD (talk) 15:45, 2 April 2009 (UTC)

If this band isn't nu metal then i don't know what is, and it's now sourced. I also removed alternative metal which had no citation other then the unreliable Allmusic tag cloud and industrial metal which was unsourced. I call the big one bitey 14:53, 6 March 2013 (UTC)

 * I don't think they're nu-metal at all. Where's the rapping? That's the real question. Nu metal is 3rd Strike, P.O.D., Limp Bizkit, Darwin's Waiting Room, etc. Cold, Orgy, and Staind never had rapping. Ever. Yet they are constantly referred to as such. I think it's lumping. People just lumped all these bands that came out in the late 90's/early-00's together even though many of them had sounds that were nothing alike. I would put Spineshank as closer to Orgy than Limp Bizkit. Industrial metal meets hard rock. And yeah, you can find a source for almost anything. Just because someone who works for a website or wrote a book said it doesn't mean they know what they are talking about. But whatever. -hsxeric (talk) 18:00, 7 March 2013 (UTC)

Nu metal doesn't always have rapping, infact most nu metal bands which predominantly use rapping are actually either rap metal or rap rock (Limp Bizkit for example). Bands like Slipknot, Mudvayne, Static-X, Spineshank, Kittie etc are what nu metal is, watered down groove metal and industrial metal with melodic grunge vocals mixed with angry screamed vocals, with maybe some occasional rapping in a few songs. I call the big one bitey 23:09, 7 March 2013 (UTC)

break up?
its mentioned that the band announced they broke up can anyone confirm this? i have not seen this anywhere else. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:43, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

Jon Santos
So I guess the Jon Santos from this band is not the same Jon Santos from Seven_Wiser ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:36, 25 March 2008 (UTC) \
 * No, this Jonny Santos has always gone by 'Jonny'. --  Kingoomieiii ♣    Talk    19:04, 13 March 2009 (UTC)

History section vandalism
Looks like someone had fun with the dates in the History section, changing dates to randomly be in the 18th and 19th century. Damage seemed to have been done at Revision as of 21:04, 29 September 2012 by anonymous user: <IP_ADDRESS>. I can't undo since there have been intermediate changes. A lot of dates have changed, so it will be a manual clean up task. Chaozu42 (talk) 21:10, 29 September 2012 (UTC)

Fourth Album Link
Its been a while since I've been viewing Anger Denial Acceptance album page, yet still there's missing link which leads back to SpineShank main page. Can anybody fix this? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Monomic (talk • contribs) 12:19, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spineshank


text:
Tenellia iris

Tenellia iris is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fionidae.

Distribution
This species was described from the reef flat outside Bellairs Research Institute, Barbados.

Description
The typical adult size of this species is 5–10 mm.

title: Tenellia iris


text:
Filmmaking Basics/Animated Storyboard/Cast and Costumes

 * Lesson
 * Lesson #009: Selecting the models for the animated version

 * The pages of this Lesson…
 * Title Page
 * Page 1 - DAZ 3D figures
 * Page 2 - Poser Figures
 * Page 3 - Koshini and Friends

 * Current Location
 * Wikiversity (English) $$\Leftrightarrow$$ Humanities $$\Leftrightarrow$$ Art and Design $$\Leftrightarrow$$ Fine Arts $$\Leftrightarrow$$ Film and Television $$\Leftrightarrow$$ Narrative Film Production $$\Leftrightarrow$$  Course #01 - Learning the Basics of Filmmaking $$\Leftrightarrow$$  WikiU Film School - Lesson #009: Selecting the models for the animated version

Lesson Summary
For the animated version of our movie "Seduced by the Dark Side", we need to select the animated figures. There are only two digital actors in the movie and they are "Old Person" and "Young Person". Since there are thousands of digital puppets compatible with DAZ Studio or Poser, this should be easy, right?

Here are the two problems:

 * The two much be matched in style.
 * The two must be easy to animate.

Personally, I think this should be an old man and a boy about the age of 8 or 9. And to make the figures easy to animate, the figures should not be realistic humans but more cartoon figures.

 * 1. eFrontier
 * Poser 6 comes with adult figures and children. There is no old person and these figures are so realistic, they will be too difficult to animate.

 * 2. DAZ Store
 * DAZ has lots of figures but there is no old person which matches the artwork of a young person. The old man from Poser 3 does not match any young boy.  The best looking young boy is Alexander but there is no older person who matches him.

 * 3. Koshini and Friends
 * There is no boy and there is no old person. The only two matching figures are Koshini and Kiki.  These are slightly cartoon figures which are easy to animated compared to fully realistic figures.

Therefore, we really need to search all possible alternative since if we use Koshini and Kiki, the voices for the animation will be totally different from the voice of Alexander.

This is a major decision here and I think we are going to need the help of some of the Poser and DAZ forums.

(to be continued…)


text:
Module talk:Template test case

Multiple automatic sandbox versions
Can we please extend the automatic addition of a  variant to all  s if there is no  ? — Christoph Päper 11:14, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Table with many tests
For some templates, especially inline templates like frac, it makes sense to have all or most test cases in a single table with one combination of parameters per row. It would be nice if this could be handled by a single function call by passing multiple parameter sets, e.g.: 11:14, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Alternatively, there should be an additional rendering mode cells. It would put the code and each result for all templates and sandbox versions into adjacent cells in a single table row, but the user would have to provide the surrounding table code (but possibly not the rows ). — Christoph Päper 10:16, 1 January 2020 (UTC)

Hyphen issue in Template:Test case nowiki
This came up when I was working on Template:Graphical timeline/testcases. At Special:Permalink/958740301 it can be observed that parameter note3-at gets a broken value. First character, hyphen, is correct, however, the first opening brace $($ of is converted into an HTML entity for some reason. This results in an error Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "&" somewhere deep inside the template's internals. I've added a test case to demonstrate the issue on a smaller example. —andrybak (talk) 13:38, 25 May 2020 (UTC)
 * See T168759 * Pppery * it has begun... 20:45, 25 May 2020 (UTC)

Something just changed
From yesterday to today, the boxes at Template:Spoken Wikipedia/testcases changed from yellow to green, became collapsed, and introduced an error where they now don't seem to be able to embed audio files properly. I'm not sure where the edit that caused this was made, though. Does anyone know? {{u| Sdkb  }}  talk 21:20, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * , user has responded to the edit request. That would explain the change from yellow to green on /testcases. Templates Spoken Wikipedia and Spoken Wikipedia/sandbox now produce the same output. Audio player is also broken for me. —andrybak (talk) 22:13, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I've changed the output of /sandbox, and the audio players are now fixed. Perhaps the player doesn't survive in a collapsed state? —andrybak (talk) 22:17, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * , hmm, interesting. I just checked a few live instances, and it's not causing any problems there. {{u| Sdkb  }}  talk 22:18, 9 July 2020 (UTC)

Audio player is broken, but video is fine. —andrybak (talk) 22:18, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * , I suggest to move this discussion to WP:VPT. Module:Template test case is not at fault, it's wider issue. —andrybak (talk) 22:23, 9 July 2020 (UTC)

How to specify page name?
I looked through the documentation, but I was unable to find a way to specify the page name (magic word PAGENAME) in a template test case. For templates that use Wikidata calls, for example, the Wikidata call checks the PAGENAME and retrieves the appropriate bit of data from the corresponding Wikidata page. Is there a way to do this? The result would be to render the template as it would appear when processed by Special:ExpandTemplates with the appropriate PAGENAME entered in the upper text field. – Jonesey95 (talk) 22:55, 23 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Partial answer, still looking for a real answer: A possible workaround is to use qid in your infobox. See Template:Ordination/testcases for an example. – Jonesey95 (talk) 01:23, 3 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I don't think this is possible. * Pppery * it has begun... 02:24, 4 August 2020 (UTC)

Paragraph break when using inline test case
This is probably something silly I am doing, but I can't figure out what. I am using inline test case in the testcase page of Template:Cite certification and from some reason I am sometimes (rarely) getting an extra paragraph break between results. I created an example: Template:Cite certification/testcases-example. I was worried that there is something wrong with the Cite certification, but as you can see from the code in the example, the paragraph break does not appear when running either the stable or the (identical) sandbox versions. Any ideas? --Muhandes (talk) 14:46, 31 December 2020 (UTC)
 * There was an invisible character (a Left-to-right mark) on your testcases example page. I copied the whole page to a text editor, told it to show the invisible characters, and deleted it. – Jonesey95 (talk) 16:51, 31 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I must have wasted five hours of my time finding that one. I now have a good way to test it in the future. --Muhandes (talk) 19:36, 31 December 2020 (UTC)

Sandbox2, Test case2, and wrapperConfig
I'd like the ability to use a second sandbox, say, 'sandbox2', to enable simultaneous testing of different sets of changes in parallel tracks for the same template. Having browsed Module:Template test case, I believe a better method is available than the obvious brute force method of duplicating template FOO to FOO2, then FOO2/sandbox, and testcases to FOO2/testcases. Afaict the key seems to have something to do with wrapperConfig unless I'm mistaken, only I don't see how to use it, and the /doc doesn't have much to say about it.

This use case comes up occasionally in RL on complex templates that may need extended testing of some feature, while someone else desires to test another feature, or where different scenarios are being tried out. (For a RW case of the former type see Template talk:Find sources.) I get the feeling I can just create Template:Find sources/sandbox2 with my changes, and then create a "wrapper config" somewhere, and set it as param2 to the invoke.

For example, can I just duplicate Module:Template test case/config to Template:Find general sources/MySandbox2Config, edit it to set  and then in Template:Find general sources/sandbox2 invoke like this: ? Or am I misconstruing how this is supposed to work, and I should go back to the brute force method? Or something else? Pinging.

Either way, param2 of the module appears to be a config of some kind, so whether my assumptions above are right or wrong, it would be nice if someone could add a  section to Module:Template test case/doc to describe what this param is and how to use it. Mathglot (talk) 22:28, 25 December 2021 (UTC)

 * You can use a second sandbox by setting the _template1, _template2 and _template3 arguments. For example,  outputs the following:

 * The module is built so that the default value for _template1 is the base page of the current page, and the default value for _template2 is its sandbox subpage. In fact, if you are calling the module from Template:Find sources/testcases, you could omit the _template1 and _template2 arguments, and just specify Find sources/sandbox2 to get the same results. — Mr. Stradivarius  ♪ talk ♪ 01:17, 26 December 2021 (UTC)
 * As for the config file, this is not intended to be specified by users. I believe I allowed the config to be passed to the main function so that it can be more easily tested, but this ability is not currently used by Module:Template test case/testcases. I probably only used it in the console during initial development. Also, the config cannot be passed from wikitext; it needs to be passed from another Lua module. From wikitext you can only influence the contents of the first parameter (the frame object) to the function called from #invoke; you can't influence the contents of subsequent parameters. — Mr. Stradivarius  ♪ talk ♪ 01:45, 26 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Mr. Stradivarius, this was very helpful. Mathglot (talk) 17:26, 26 December 2021 (UTC)

format=columns + inline hybrid
I've a bunch of test cases for a template that takes lots of complicated parameters, but whose output is a relatively short text. Think cite book and you're in the ballpark. I want to see the code up top in a nowiki block like or rows gives me, but I'd like to see the output arranged vertically like  gives me.

Something like:

 * Veni, vidi, vici
 * Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet

Any takers? Mr. Stradivarius? --Xover (talk) 08:45, 13 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Testcase table with _format? – Jonesey95 (talk) 22:26, 14 January 2023
 * Example:

 * How's that? You can tweak the underscore parameters to your liking. – Jonesey95 (talk) 23:34, 14 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks. That's a nice option, but I kinda prefer the interface for test case nowiki for this (it's clearer, and with less faffing and things that can go wrong when converting something found in the wild into a test case). --Xover (talk) 19:33, 15 January 2023 (UTC)

Use of _before and _after
I'm trying to use the _before parameter, mostly to have something to hange templates that create superscript references, tags, and that sort of thing, so they don't appear to be isolated in space. What I'd like to see in this example, is something like this:
 * Some text to hang a tag on.

Here's my test case, using _before:

Am I doing something wrong, here? Why isn't it echoing the "before" text? Mathglot (talk) 04:29, 26 January 2023 (UTC)
 * You aren't doing anything wrong. It seems the _before (and _after) option wasn't implemented for all render (_format) methods (There's 5, which are columns, rows, inline, cells, and default - only columns and cells considered _before, and your example renders in default since nothing was specified). I've implemented the code into the other render formats, so it should start displaying now. Aidan9382 (talk) 07:10, 26 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Aidan9382 And, indeed it is! I noticed it working on one of my testcase pages, before I even saw my notification alert icon change color. Any faster, and I'd have to give you the faster-than-light barnstar ; thanks so much! (For the curious: the example above used to show nothing but tags, and no text; but since Aidan's fix, is now working properly.) Mathglot (talk) 07:21, 26 January 2023 (UTC)

Template use when there's no sandbox
@Frietjes, re this edit, should we make some change to Test case to better handle instances when it's used when there's no sandbox? {{u| Sdkb  }}  talk 19:42, 19 May 2023 (UTC)
 * , maybe, or you could just create a sandbox version. Frietjes (talk) 19:43, 19 May 2023 (UTC)
 * True. In that case, I was just looking to see whether the template could handle a particular use case, not to make changes to it, so all I needed was the testcases page. {{u| Sdkb  }}  talk 19:46, 19 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I always just click the "mirror" link in the template doc when the sandbox does not exist. It takes two clicks total to create a working sandbox. – Jonesey95 (talk) 15:14, 21 May 2023 (UTC)

Using syntaxhighlight when _showcode is used
I've changed the  tags to  tags when _showcode is used. Sandbox and Diff. Gonnym (talk) 18:04, 23 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Hmm. Would it make sense to have that be opt-in, at least initially, by adding a new syntaxhighlight (and/or syntax maybe) instead? Are there any weird border cases where  works, but  might break? FeRDNYC (talk) 04:00, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

Inconsistency between Test case nowiki and others
So, in most of the test case templates, you pass arguments to the test-case code preceded by underscores, and actual arguments to the template being tested are passed as usual, e.g.:

OK, great. But then here comes, where the underscore arguments don't work, and you have to use non-underscored ones:

Works
My question is, why??? If these templates are a "family", and so often used together, doesn't it make sense for to take the same set of arguments that  and all the others take? Even if it's not strictly necessary for them to be preceded by underscores? It would make converting test cases between the non-nowiki and nowiki versions a lot quicker and more convenient. Am I really the only person who finds themselves doing that pretty frequently? FeRDNYC (talk) 06:33, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

 * The technical reason for why comes down to this bit of code, in which the nowiki wrapper has its arguments done differently. The reason I think this was done in practice is because the only reason the underscores are used in the Test case version is because you have to provide the real arguments, so prefixing the options with _ prevents conflicts. Since the nowiki version just takes the parameter 1, it had no need for the underscores. Aidan9382 (talk) 06:57, 15 July 2023 (UTC)
 * *nod* I totally understand why the _-prefixed arguments are needed for the other templates, and why can do without them. But in the interests of... I don't know, consistency, harmony, whatever, it seems like   could include this logic:
 * ...So that e.g. _collapsible and collapsible are equivalent, meaning the user has the option to pass the exact same arguments as all the other templates in the group. FeRDNYC (talk) 18:44, 15 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Thats fair, I've gone ahead and implemented that here. Either option should work now. Aidan9382 (talk) 19:04, 15 July 2023 (UTC)
 * This change appears to have caused, or may have caused, an error in some test cases. The one that came to my attention is Circular reporting/testcases, where some "span title" code is being exposed. My wild guess is that a rendered equals sign in _title may be causing the problem. – Jonesey95 (talk) 21:15, 16 July 2023 (UTC)
 * This change right here shouldn't of (and hasn't) caused the issue, since this only effects how args are processed in Test case nowiki, and the normal Test case's behaviour is unchanged. I suspect that specific test case has been broken for a while. I've fixed it here and here, and it should now work fine. Aidan9382 (talk) 06:04, 17 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Strange. I wonder why that page popped into the error report right after the change, and why this Module shows in Related changes for the testcases page. It is also odd that this module appears in "Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page" when you edit the testcases page. Maybe it's a coincidence. P.S. I have modified both of the changes, since one of them caused Linter errors in other places. – Jonesey95 (talk) 12:52, 17 July 2023 (UTC)
 * It is also odd that this module appears in "Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page" when you edit the testcases page - that part makes sense, since Test case uses this module, as does Test case nowiki and a couple of the other related templates. As for why it took editing this for it to appear in an error report, even I'm not sure on that one. It definitely didn't change the behaviour, so maybe this change just caused it to purge and appear in the report. Could the report have had a recent change on what it picks up? Aidan9382 (talk) 13:00, 17 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Many, many thanks,, for putting this in place. FeRDNYC (talk) 14:52, 20 July 2023 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 17 October 2023
Please, remove the n of the word templaten in the line number 29. Nishimoto, Gilberto Kiyoshi (talk) 16:38, 17 October 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ Aidan9382 (talk) 16:42, 17 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Module talk:Template test case


text:
Lokotok

Lokotok (Локоток) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Oktyabrsky Selsoviet, Zmeinogorsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 138 as of 2013. There are 4 streets.

Geography
Lokotok is located 32 km northwest of Zmeinogorsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Predgorny and Oktyabrsky are the nearest rural localities.

title: Lokotok


text:
Talk:Devard Darling

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot (talk) 18:43, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 2 external links on Devard Darling. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080319055818/http://www.kcchiefs.com/player/devard_darling/ to http://www.kcchiefs.com/player/devard_darling/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071110015634/http://wsucougars.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/darling_devard00.html to http://wsucougars.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/darling_devard00.html

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title: Talk:Devard Darling


text:
The Journey (2004 film)

The Journey (സഞ്ചാരം Sancharram) is a 2004 Malayalam language feature film written, directed and produced by Ligy J. Pullappally, inspired both by her short film Uli and a true story of two lesbian lovers in the South Indian state of Kerala.

Plot
The film follows two young friends, Kiran, a Hindu, and Delilah, a Catholic, from their first meeting as young children to young adulthood, when they realize their love for each other.

A student in their same class, Rajan, has a crush on Delilah and he asks Kiran to pen love letters to her on his behalf. Kiran does so as it allows her to express her love to Delilah without having to be ostracized by her family and society. Eventually Delilah discovers the truth behind the letters and poetry, and admits her mutual love to Kiran. This begins a delicate love affair, despite social taboos against homosexuality.

Their love affair is severely impeded when Rajan discovers Kiran and Delilah stealing a moment of intimacy in the woods. He informs Delilah's mother, of what he witnessed. Delilah's Mom confronts her, who reveals her love for Kiran. To save the family from disgrace, she arranges a marriage for Delilah with a suitor who had recently visited with intent on finding a bride. Delilah reluctantly consents to the marriage. Kiran tries to convince Delilah to run away with her after gaining support from her uncle who lived in a distant place, but Delilah tells Kiran that it's not possible and tells her that what had existed between them was over.

While Delilah's wedding proceeds as planned, a heartbroken Kiran walks to a cliff overlooking a waterfall, where she and Delilah had once gone together. At the same time, Delilah is about to take her marriage vow but stops. She runs out of the church and yells Kiran's name. Kiran looks behind her but doesn't see anyone. She reaches for a cocoon on a branch and slips on the edge, but is able to stop the fall and pull herself up. As she lies on her back, Kiran sees a blue butterfly flying above her. Delilah looks up to the sky and sees a blue butterfly in the air.

Cast

 * Shruthy Menon as Delilah
 * Suhasini V. Nair as Kiran
 * K. P. A. C. Lalitha as Amma, Delilah's mother
 * Valsala Menon as Ammachi, Delilah's grandmother
 * Syam Seethal as Rajan
 * Suresh Babu - as Narayanan Kurup, Kiran's father
 * Ambika Mohan as Priya Kurup, Kiran's mother
 * Venu Machat - as Ezhithachan
 * Sangeeta - as the Teacher

Critical reception
Autostraddle listed the movie as being among the 102 best lesbian films of all time.

Comparisons to Fire
Sancharram has been compared to Deepa Mehta's 1996 film Fire, a movie which also touches upon lesbian relationships in India. However, where Fire is explicit in stating that the main characters enter their relationship due to the failure of their heterosexual marriages, Sancharram is clearly a film about two lesbians who fall in love with each other.

title: The Journey (2004 film)


text:
Siril (software)

Siril is a software application for astrophotography, which allows pre-processing and processing of images from any type of camera (CCD, planetary camera, webcam etc.). The images must be converted to 32-bit FITS format which is the format used natively by Siril. It is also possible to use the SER format (limited to 16 bits), generally used during "fast" planetary or deep sky acquisitions, without prior conversion.

It is based on the GNOME environment and therefore can be run on many systems like Linux, FreeBSD, MacOS, and Windows.

It is free software distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL.

History
The project was launched in 2005 by François Meyer. Siril was initially developed as a clone of Christian Buil's IRIS software, in order to overcome the lack of astronomical image processing software under the Linux system; hence the name SIRI-L (IRIS for Linux). A new team took over development of the project in 2012 after a pause from 2007.

Features
Siril allows the conversion of a large number of formats (images or videos) to FITS.

 * The calibration, alignment and stacking of astronomical images is done by navigating through the tabs of the "control center". However, an algorithm for the automatic detection and correction of defective pixels is available off the tab, in the Image processing menu.
 * Since version 0.9.7, the global alignment which uses a recognized algorithm for this task has been added an optimization method thanks to the OpenCV library. In fact, Siril's automatic alignment allows to align images obtained with instruments of different focal lengths.
 * Some image processing algorithms are available in the standard menu, such as Histogram Transformation, Color Calibration, and Banding Reduction
 * Siril has a photometric analysis tool. Therefore, it is possible to study the transits of exoplanets, the variability of stars or even occultations. This tool requires the installation of gnuplot.
 * Since version 0.9.9, the ability to create scripts has been integrated into Siril. All you have to do is drop script files with the .ssf extension in a folder named 'scripts' and whose location is defined in the program's settings. After a restart, a new menu entry appears and allows the execution of the installed scripts. Preprocessing + alignment + stacking can thus be fully automated.
 * Since version 0.9.9, it is also possible to launch Siril through the console and run a script without the GUI. This can be useful when piloting a telescope remotely and only want to recover the pre-processed image. For example, entering the following command in a terminal runs the Processing.ssf script in the M31 images directory:

siril -s ~/.siril/scripts/Traitememnt.ssf -d ~/Images/M31

 * Version 0.9.10 allows commands to be sent through one named pipe while logs and status can be obtained through another. The mode is activated the command line argument.

FITS
Currently, Siril works internally with 32-bit FITS floating point images. Users can configure the program to work in unsigned 16-bit FITS format, in order to save computation time and disk space at the expense of image accuracy. Compression of FITS images is supported since version 0.99.4.

SER
The SER file format is a simple image sequence format, similar to uncompressed movies. Files in this format, widely preferred by astrophotographers in planetary imaging, do not need to be converted and can be edited on the fly.

title: Siril (software)


text:
Lost Decade (Peru)

The Lost Decade or the Crisis of the 80s (La crisis de los 80) was a period of economic stagnation in Peru throughout the 1980s which was exacerbated to a severe macroeconomic crisis by the end of the decade. Foreign debt accumulation throughout Latin America, a series of natural disasters, mass public expenditures, nationalizations of banks and financial institutions, and the shutting of Peru out of international credit markets led to a decade of macroeconomic decline. The financial crisis soon became adopted into the public sphere through hyperinflation in commodities, food shortages, and mass unemployment. By the end of the decade, Peru's gross domestic product (GDP) contracted over 20%, and poverty rose to 55%.

The 1980s is often deemed as "The Lost Decade" in Peru, as the result of its social and economic crises. As a result of the crisis, large waves of Peruvians immigrated to countries such as the United States, Spain, Italy, Chile, Venezuela and Argentina. The financial crisis was ultimately subdued during the first year of the presidency of Alberto Fujimori, after a series of economic reforms that attempted to resolve the foreign debt crisis and hyperinflation.

Another part of the economic problems faced was due to the Peruvian government’s fight on terrorist groups, specifically the Shining Path, and rebuilding the damage of bombings from the group (which were usually including bridges, rail lines, and power installations).

Declining commodity prices and foreign debt accumulation
Into the end of the 1970s, demand for Peruvian exports declined. In the first half of the 1980s, the values copper and silver, Peru's two largest exports, had declined in price to a 40-year low. From 1980 to 1982, the price of copper collapsed from nearly $3000 per tonne to $1300 per tonne. By 1987, the price of copper had only increased to $1380 per tonne. Additionally, El Niño devastated Peru's fishing economy and led to destructive flooding and droughts in the region of Lima. As Peru's exports value began to decline, President Fernando Belaúnde continued to increase Peru's investment into massive infrastructure projects, including interstate highways, railroads, and airports, increased spending in flood and drought aid, thus substantially increasing Peru's national spending. To pay $9 billion of foreign debt, borrowed an additional $4 billion to make payments, further increasing debt.

Belaúnde was faced by a series of strict austerity measures recommended by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) after the buildup of foreign debt in Peru and throughout South America. Such measures aimed to lower the Peruvian government's deficit through less public spending and increasing government revenue. Belaúnde gave the impression that his administration was following the austerity measures recommended by the IMF, while in reality Belaúnde would downplay the debt crisis as terrorism began to grow in Peru's highlands by the Shining Path. As a result, as economic stagflation began to occur and inflation grew to 60%.

Internal conflict
Belaúnde initially did not respond seriously to the internal conflict and operations performed by Shining Path, only declaring a localized state of emergency and having the National Police of Peru respond to the crisis. By the end of his presidency, Belaúnde expanded power to the armed forces, which massacred entire villages during the expanded conflict during his administration. Under pressure from the military, Belaúnde authorized the purchase of $4 billion worth of new equipment for the armed forces.

Loss of international creditors
By 1983, Peru accumulated $13.5 billion (77.8% of GDP) in foreign debt and its gross domestic product had collapsed by 20%. Belaúnde argued that the military regimes preceding his presidency, particularly the military regimes of Juan Velasco Alvarado and Francisco Morales Bermudez, had been convinced by foreign banks to borrow billions of dollars.

Facing growing pressure, Belaúnde visited Washington, D.C. in 1984 in a last effort to beg President Ronald Reagan for help in his bankrupt administration. A White House aide commented that 'President Reagan only gave him half an hour,'' and suggested Belaúnde follow austerity programs outlined by banks and the IMF. Populism began to grow and the International Monetary Fund became a scapegoat for Peru' s debt crisis.

A surge in populism due to the crisis favored presidential candidate Alan García's economic proposals that would cut Peru's lines with international investors and banks. Following his election, García ordered the closing of the International Monetary Fund's office in Lima and ordered the nationalization of banks and other financial institutions in Peru. Viewed as a virtual default, investors soon pulled completely out of Peru and the Lima Stock Exchange suffered a significant drop.

Currency change
Peru's had switched its currency twice from 1985 to 1990. In 1985, President Alan Garcia introduced the Peruvian inti, a short-lived currency that valued 1000 Peruvian soles. Banknotes were initially printed in values of 10, 50, and 100 intis, however banknotes subsequently were printed in larger quantities due to continued hyperinflation. Peruvian intis were printed in values of 50,000, 100,000 and up to banknotes of 5,000,000 intis by the end of its circulation.

Despite Garcia's attempts to encourage Peruvians to circulate and trust the Peruvian inti, the public turned towards exchanging and relying on United States dollars, leading to foreign exchange controls and the usage of the MUC dollar, a separate currency instituted by the Peruvian government worth identically to the United States dollar, until keeping up with inflation bankrupted the Central Bank of Peru. In 1990, Peru's currency was switched again from the Peruvian inti to the Peruvian nuevo sol as inflation began to decrease. A government initiative offered to exchange nuevo soles with Peruvians intis at the exchange rate of 1,000,000 Peruvian intis. Inflation continued to decline which contributed favorably to the new currency's circulation and reliability with the general public.

Peruvian intis and the original Peruvian sol were ousted out of circulation in 1991. As of 2020, the Peruvian nuevo sol remains Peru's national currency.

Price inflation
In 1988, the Peruvian government reported consumer prices rising 1,722%, or on average 143.5% per month. The Garcia administration's policy of a self-sustainable economy caused imported goods to significantly increase in price. Pharmaceutical products increased nearly 600% and the price of petroleum quadrupled. In September 1988, economists declared that the inflation became hyperinflation. The middle and lower classes soon began to feel the subsequent effects of the protectionist policies. Peru experienced a shortage of raw materials and food, and long strikes in the mining industry led to falling exports, leading the trade deficit even further and increased unemployment.

Consumer prices inflation by year
Source: {	"version": 2, "width": 400, "height": 200, "data": [ {			"name": "table", "values": [ {					"x": 1980, "y": 59 },				{					"x": 1981, "y": 75 },				{					"x": 1982, "y": 64 },				{					"x": 1983, "y": 111 },				{					"x": 1984, "y": 110 },				{					"x": 1985, "y": 163 },				{					"x": 1986, "y": 78 },				{					"x": 1987, "y": 86 },				{					"x": 1988, "y": 667 },				{					"x": 1989, "y": 3399 },				{					"x": 1990, "y": 7481 }			]		}	],	"scales": [ {			"name": "x", "type": "linear", "range": "width", "zero": false, "domain": { "data": "table", "field": "x" }		},		{			"name": "y", "type": "linear", "range": "height", "nice": true, "domain": { "data": "table", "field": "y" }		}	],	"axes": [ {			"type": "x", "scale": "x" },		{			"type": "y", "scale": "y" }	],	"marks": [ {			"type": "line", "from": { "data": "table" },			"properties": { "enter": { "x": { "scale": "x", "field": "x" },					"y": { "scale": "y", "field": "y" },					"y2": { "scale": "y", "value": 0 },					"interpolate": { "value": "monotone" },					"stroke": { "value": "steelblue" },					"strokeWidth": { "value": 3 }				}			}		}	] }

Unemployment
Peru's fiscal policy in the late 1980s cut Peru off from the international market. As demand for manufactured goods in exports declined, the manufacturing industry began to lay off workers. Wages declined a reportedly 50% or more during the period. Unemployment had reached a threshold over 6% in the late 1980s, both in the country's formal and informal business sectors.

Macroeconomic
Peru's gross domestic product at the start of the decade (in constant 2010 USD) was $64.7 billion. By 1990, Peru's gross domestic product had devalued to $58.5 billion. It would take until 1996 for the country's GDP to reach levels higher than those in the 1980s. GDP growth averaged -0.72% annually from 1980 to 1990, although growth was mostly erratic in value. GDP growth peaked in 1987 at 9.7% and reached an all-time low in 1989 at -12.3%. GDP per capita peaked in 1981 at $1,203 and reached its low in 1988 at $729, significantly lower than the world average of $3772 in 1988. In 1990, government debt reached 190% of GDP.

Civil unrest and revolutionary movements
Groups throughout the rural areas of Peru viewed the economic crisis as evidence of the failure of a capitalist free-market economy. Socialist and communist groups began to spawn initially through Belaunde's term, and soon began to grow power and the backing of the Peruvian rural population by 1985, exacerbated by unemployment and hyperinflation which directly shook Peru's middle and lower classes.

Data has shown that from 1986 to 1991, under both the Garcia and Fujimori presidencies, there was a significant rise in major social protests compared to the years before and after, including general strikes and riots and demonstrations. The years of hyperinflation were in 1988 and 1989, the same years that had the record number of protest activity in Peru.

Terror groups, such as the Shining Path and the MRTA grew popular support by promising aid to the lower social classes by shifting the Peruvian economy towards socialism. A number of communist groups, particularly the Shining Path used the economic crisis as an opportunity to advocate for revolution. It was estimated that the Shining Path had some 5,000 full-time fighters and nearly 50,000 sympathizers by 1989. It was also estimated that about 30,000 people were killed during the various violent attacks and bombings demonstrated by the Shining Path from 1980-1992.

The Shining Path, in particular, also became widely popular among indigenous people, as the leader, Abimael Guzman, lectured philosophy and ideologies to communities and gained their support and dedication.

The movement was born in 1970 in the Andean city of Ayacucho and in 1980 began its armed insurgency. Ayacucho was a run-down indigenous town where the majority of people were unable to read or write. In an interview conducted while Guzman was imprisoned, he stated that his “greatest and deepest need was to meet and discover the peasants in Ayacucho”. After seeing the living conditions and injustices towards lower social classes, he decided to form his group and left the Communist Party of Peru. He organized many of his young and low-income community members to protest the government, taught them about the ideas of communism, and worked to get them admitted to an educational institution. Through this, he gained a large group of supporters in Ayacucho.

Its success can be partially attributed to the consistent spread of the movement to all of Peru's provinces over 12 years. With the organization explicitly focused on indigenous people (who make up the majority of Peru and also has the largest population of any Latin American State), it also embraced its distaste for elitism and white-washing Peruvian culture. Since it spread throughout Peru and the Shining Path assassinated many government officials, there was little to no federal government control in more rural areas, hence giving the Shining Path control.

When rural and indigenous towns did not accept the Shining Path into their land, they typically were all murdered. Later studies showed that Peruvians who were socially excluded or low-income were disproportionately more likely to be victims of violence from the Shining Path and be exposed to profound ethnic and social divisions in society. This led to an increase in migration from indigenous and rural Peruvians to more urban areas, such as Lima, which overall became so overwhelming that under Garcia’s first presidency, a wall was built to physically divide those seeking refuge and the elites of Lima.

Under Fujimori’s “crackdown” on terrorism in the Summer of 1992, it was recorded that record numbers of car bombings and other forms of violence were in direct response to his announcement.

Terror groups such as the Shining Path also led to the government imposing new committees and standards of torture and punishment. A sudden rise in the use of torture towards civilians was also prevalent under the Garcia presidency; however, it did not start until 1985, 5 years after the Shining Path became violent. It became such a widespread issue and concern to Peruvians that complaints from all provinces of Peru were reported to the United Nations in a plea for help.

Under Garcia’s presidency, a particular section of the Peruvian Investigative Police was constructed (the Anti-Terrorism Division) in 1987. A report conducted by the U.S. State Department showed that the Peruvian police had tortured and mistreated more than 800 students who were detained. Amnesty International also paid attention to a massacre of 150 prisoners, and if a prisoner survived, they were ultimately still tortured. In this incident alone, it has been reported that 611 individuals died under the Peruvian police control and government. Though the original intention of this “Anti-Terrorism Division” was to seek justice for those affected by terror groups, it became evident that the government also played part in violence.

Emigration
The evident long-term effects of the financial crisis in the general public is accredited to starting a large wave of outwards migration from Peru. While in the 1970s immigration out of Peru ranged from 80,000 to 90,000 Peruvians, by 1992, immigration increased to around 354,000 Peruvians leaving the country annually towards primarily the United States, Argentina, and Spain. Record migration out of Peru sparked further waves in the start of the 21st century, where immigration grew to nearly 910,000 and peaked at 1,200,000 in 2007. Currently in the United States, 39% of Americans of Peruvian origins had lived in the United States for over 20 years with a median age of 46, meaning that a vast majority of immigrants had travelled in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Political impact
Peru's economic recovery in the 1990s consequent to the Fujimori administration's neoliberal economic reforms has been a major victory for the Fujimorist faction. Fujimorists have often cited the recovery as being a result of Fujimori's fiscal policy. On the other hand, Garcia and his APRA faction have been often accredited with exacerbating the economic crisis during his term towards the end of the 1980s.

The arrest of the Shining Path leaders also resulted in the infuriation with individuals towards Fujimori, as the arrest came during his administration. After showcasing footage of the imprisoned Guzman and calling him a “monster” on live national television, public opinion polls showed his popularity from 85% to a drastic 60%. In 1993, Guzman publicly stated to his Shining Path followers to peacefully negotiate with the Peruvian government. Since 1992, he has been serving his life sentence. Until Fujimori’s presidency, the political left could not politically develop or engage those where power was lost and restored by the Shining Path, which ultimately hurt any policymaking and civil participation from said communities.

title: Lost Decade (Peru)


text:
Melnikovka

Melnikovka (Мельниковка) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Shimolinsky Selsoviet, Blagoveshchensky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 323 as of 2013. It was founded in 1912. There are three streets.

Geography
Melnikovka is located 48 km north of Blagoveshchenka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Boronsky is the nearest rural locality.

title: Melnikovka


text:
Nilgiri-class frigate

Nilgiri-class frigate may refer to:

 * Nilgiri-class frigate (1972), a class of frigates that served in the Indian Navy between 1972 and 2013.
 * Nilgiri-class frigate (2019), a class of frigates built for the Indian Navy since 2017.

title: Nilgiri-class frigate


text:
Cookbook:Pectin

Pectin is a polysaccharide substance extracted from plants, and it is commonly used as a gelling agent to thicken foods. It can be made from apples.

Types
Pectin comes in different varieties, which are used in different cooking applications. It is important to select the correct kind of pectin for your specific use.

High methoxyl (HM) pectin
HM pectin requires sugar and acid in order to gel. It can come in "rapid-set" or "slow-set" types. Rapid-set requires higher heat and less time to set, and it is good for jams and preserves with pieces in suspension. Slow-set requires lower heat and more time, and it is good for clear jellies. HM pectin may also be sold as "yellow pectin", "fruit pectin", or "apple pectin".

Low methoxyl (LM) pectin
Sometimes called universal pectin, LM pectin requires calcium to gel. The gel firmness increases with the amount of calcium until it is saturated; after this point it will reverse. Because it does not require sugar to gel, LM pectin can be used for sugar-free jams and jellies.

Pectin NH
Pectin NH is a kind of modified LM pectin that is thermally reversible—it can be remelted and set repeatedly. It is typically sold premixed with calcium, so no additional calcium must be added to the recipe.

Uses
Jams, jellies, and preserves will not set unless they have enough pectin in them, so it is often added as an extra ingredient in the form of products such as 'jamsetta'. It is often used as a replacement for gelatin in vegetarian cuisine, alongside carrageenan.

title: Cookbook:Pectin


text:
Talk:Demography

I have strongly augmented the basic page. --Ian Kennedy 18:29, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Demography