text:
2017 Puebla earthquake

The 2017 Puebla earthquake, also known as 19S, struck at 13:14 CDT (18:14 UTC) on 19 September 2017 with an estimated magnitude of 7.1 and strong shaking for about 20 seconds. Its epicenter was about 55 km south of the city of Puebla, Mexico. The earthquake caused damage in the Mexican states of Puebla and Morelos and in the Greater Mexico City area, including the collapse of more than 40 buildings. 370 people were killed by the earthquake and related building collapses, including 228 in Mexico City, and more than 6,000 were injured.

The quake coincidentally occurred on the 32nd anniversary of the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, which killed around 10,000 people. The 1985 quake was commemorated, and a national earthquake drill was held, at 11 a.m. local time, just two hours before the 2017 earthquake. Twelve days earlier, the even larger 2017 Chiapas earthquake struck 650 km away, off the coast of the state of Chiapas.

Background
Mexico is one of the world's most seismically active regions, sitting atop several intersecting tectonic plates. The border between the Cocos Plate and North American Plate, along the Pacific Coast of Mexico, creates a subduction zone that generates large seismic events. Activity along the edges of the Rivera and Caribbean plates also generate seismic events. All together, these seismic forces cause an average of 40 earthquakes a day in Mexico.

Mexico City is built on a dry lakebed with soft soil made up of sand and clay, which amplifies the destruction that major earthquakes cause. Loose sediments near the surface slow the shockwaves' speed from about 2.4 km/s to roughly 45 m/s. This increases the shockwaves' amplitude, which causes more violent shaking. Deeper and denser soil layers increase amplified shockwaves' destructive duration.

Less than two weeks before the Puebla earthquake, Mexico had been struck by an earthquake in Chiapas on 7 September, which killed almost 100 people. Despite its close timing, the Puebla earthquake was not an aftershock of the Chiapas event, as the epicenters were 650 km apart.

The possibility of a link between the earthquakes was being investigated in the days after the second one. Big earthquakes can increase the long-term risk of seismic activity by transferring "static stress" to adjacent faults, but only at a distance of up to four times the length of the original rupture. In the 19 September earthquake, static stress transfer was considered unlikely due to the distance between the earthquakes, in excess of the expected 400 km maximum. "Dynamic triggering", with seismic waves propagating from one quake affecting other faults, may operate at much longer distances, but usually happens within hours or a few days of the triggering quake; a 12-day gap is hard to explain.

19 September is designated as a day of remembrance for the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, which killed approximately 10,000 people. Every year at 11 a.m., a national earthquake drill is conducted by the government through the use of public loudspeakers located throughout Mexico City. The 2017 drill took place as scheduled, at 11 a.m., around two hours before the central Mexico earthquake.

Earthquake
According to the National Seismological Service (SSN) of Mexico, the epicenter was located 12 km southeast of Axochiapan, Morelos, and 120 km from Mexico City. The earthquake was measured at a magnitude of 7.1, occurring at 13:14:40 Central Daylight Time, at a depth of 48 km. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) placed the epicenter 5 km ENE of San Juan Raboso and reported a measurement of VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Post-earthquake surveys indicated a maximum intensity of IX (Violent) near the epicenter region. While there was a report of strong shaking for about one minute, which is a long time for an earthquake, acceleration/velocity/displacement seismograms at UNAM showed about 20 seconds of strong shaking with a period of ≈1 second. SSN reported a peak ground acceleration of 112 cm/s2 at the Popocatépetl reporting station in Tlamacas, Estado de México. According to the USGS, the earthquake occurred on a moderately dipping normal fault.

According to the bulletin of Mexico's SASMEX earthquake warning system, 20 seconds' advance warning was given in Mexico City; however the general experience in the capital was that the alarm and cellphone alerts started only a few seconds before, or during the quake. Some residents reportedly mistook the alert for a continuation of the earlier drill. 25 of the early-warning seismic sensors detected the earthquake, and alerts were also provided to Oaxaca, Acapulco, Chilpancingo, and Puebla, with lead times stated to range from 12 to 48 seconds.

Casualties
Nine days after the earthquake, at least 361 people had been reported killed. At least 74 people were killed in the state of Morelos, 220 in Mexico City, 45 in Puebla, 13 in the State of Mexico, 6 in the state of Guerrero and one in the state of Oaxaca. In Mexico City, the bodies of 26 students and four instructors were pulled from the rubble of the Enrique C. Rébsamen school; 30 students and 8 adults were still unaccounted for. The Mexico City campus of the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education suffered damage, with at least 5 people killed and 40 injured.

More than 6,000 people had been reported injured by the day after the earthquake, with more than 300 confirmed dead as rescue efforts continued.

On 1 October the number of people known to have been killed was stated to be 361, with more than 4,500 injured. By place, 220 were killed in Mexico City, 74 in the state of Morelos, 45 in Puebla, 15 in Mexico State, six in Guerrero, and one in Oaxaca.

An investigation published in October 2017 revealed that since 2012 there had been over 6,000 complaints about construction violations in Mexico City, with no public record of how many were followed up. Many of the buildings complained about collapsed in the 19 September earthquake. After the earthquake the Urban Development and Housing Secretariat (Seduvi) did not respond to requests for information on responses to complaints. Local activists called the construction system totally corrupt, and said that some developers circumvent building regulations, and city authorities frequently ignore complaints. Mónica García Villegas, the owner of Colegio Rébsamen in Mexico City where 26 people including 19 children died when the building collapsed, was found guilty on September 17, 2020 of "culpable homicide" for ignoring safety regulations. The Mexico City prosecutor (FGJ-CdMx) asked for 57 years of prison.

The casualties included eight foreigners, including four Taiwanese women, a Korean man, a Spanish man, a Panamanian woman and an Argentine man. The actress Cecilia Suárez was injured while filming The House of Flowers in Condesa, Mexico City. Mexico first female clown, Adela Peralta Leppe, was also killed when her building collapsed on her. She was trapped under rubble for 30 hours, and died months later due to complications.

Damage and aftermath
In Puebla, church steeples had toppled in the city of Cholula, and a church on the slopes of Popocatépetl in Atzitzihuacan collapsed during mass, killing 15 people. A second church, which was built in the 17th century, fell in Atzala during a baptism, killing 11 people including a baby.

At least 44 buildings collapsed in Mexico City due to the earthquake, trapping people inside, creating large plumes of dust, and starting fires. At least 50 to 60 people were rescued by emergency workers and citizens. Several buildings caught fire. Condesa, Roma and del Valle neighbourhoods were among those most affected in the zone: a building located on Álvaro Obregón Avenue collapsed, and several buildings on Ámsterdam Avenue suffered damage. The building housing the Philippine Embassy in Mexico City was badly damaged, requiring it to vacate the property.

Gas leaks were reported, along with "piles" of rubble from collapsed buildings. Stock prices declined at the Mexico Stock Exchange but recovered before trading was suspended. Comisión Federal de Electricidad, the national electric utility, reported that 4.78 million customers lost power in Guerrero, Morelos, Puebla, State of Mexico, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala, and parts of Mexico City—roughly 35% of the company's customers in those states. However, none of the generating stations in the region sustained structural damage.

Mexico City International Airport suspended operations while damage assessments took place, but reopened at 4:00 p.m. CDT (2100 UTC). 180 flights were cancelled or diverted during the closure. A plane carrying President Enrique Peña Nieto, returning from touring damage in Oaxaca from the earlier Chiapas earthquake, was diverted to Santa Lucía Air Force Base. Mexico City Metro service was temporarily cancelled on several subway lines due to a power failure, but restored by 17:30, offering free service to stranded passengers. Building evacuations also caused delays to Metrobús service in the city.

The federal Secretariat of the Interior (SEGOB) declared a state of emergency for all 33 municipalities of Morelos, for all 16 boroughs of Mexico City, and 112 of the 217 municipalities of Puebla. The declarations allow funds from the National Natural Disaster Fund (FONDEN) to be used during the emergency response phase. The Mexican Army and Mexican Navy deployed 3,000 active-duty troops to Mexico City through the DN-III-E and Plan Marina emergency response plans. The troops were tasked with debris cleanup, search and rescue, and security missions. Additionally, the Secretariat of National Defence moved eight helicopters to Mexico City, and activated 3 shelters in the affected areas.

A damage survey by American structural engineers revealed that a number of collapsed buildings had been erected in the 1960s and 1970s with unreinforced masonry walls confined by non-ductile concrete frames.

All Round of 16 matches of the Copa MX, an association football cup competition, were suspended until further notice.

The hashtag #FuerzaMéxico (Be strong, Mexico) was used on social media outlets.

Mexico's political parties offered to help victims in different ways, including the diverting some of the money they receive from the government for their campaigns. After months of debate and legal challenges, the donations were: PRI US$5,792,000, PAN US$2,479,000, PVEM US$524,000, Movimiento Ciudadano US$2,529,000, Encuentro Social US$506,000, PRD US$1,239,000, and Nueva Alianza US$2,081,000; Morena and PT did not specify how much they would donate. Although these amounts were not reported to the national election board Instituto Nacional Electoral.

International response
In response to the earthquake and the preceding one in Oaxaca, by the end of September 501 rescue workers, 32 search dogs, equipment, and over 440 tonnes of humanitarian aid had been sent to Mexico from over 27 countries around the world.

Among the countries that came to Mexico's aid were Argentina, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Germany, Honduras, Israel, Japan, Panama, Peru, Russia, Spain, South Korea, Switzerland, Turkey, the United States, the United Arab Emirates, the Vatican, and Venezuela, with aid coming from the United Nations and the European Union, as well.

Russia delivered 35 tonnes of aid supplies to Mexico, including 24.5 tonnes of canned goods, as well as 64 community-sized tents.

China shipped 3,000 tents along with more than 500 camp cots.

Canada sent 1,500 family-sized tents.

The Israel Defense Forces sent a group of 71 search and rescue soldiers including engineers, to help in the aftermath of the earthquake. The contingent had special dispensation to travel during the Rosh Hashanah holiday, normally forbidden under religious law.

The Japan International Cooperation Agency sent a disaster relief team of 72 search-and-rescue personnel, four search dogs and five tons of equipment with personnel from the Japan Disaster Relief Team, Tokyo Fire Department and the Tokyo Metropolitan Police's SAR officers. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the country remarked that it was a show of thanks, as Mexico had sent a search team to help Japan during the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

Turkish state aid agency TİKA sent humanitarian aid – including packages containing hygienic and medical supplies prepared in coordination with the Mexican Red Cross – to Mexico City and Xochimilco. TIKA also provided tools and equipment to be used in search-and-rescue efforts.

US President Donald Trump called Peña Nieto to offer condolences, while the White House offered search and rescue assistance. The U.S. Agency for International Development deployed an urban search and rescue team from the Los Angeles County Fire Department and experts from the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance to the affected regions.

Celebrities who donated large sums include actress Salma Hayek ($100,000), Formula 1 driver Sergio Perez ($170,000), actress and singer Ana Brenda Contreras ($57,000), writer J. K. Rowling, singer Shawn Mendes ($100,000), Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg ($1,000,000), Apple CEO Tim Cook ($1,000,000), and others.

Direct Relief, an emergency response organization, provided emergency response kits to a trauma hospital in southern Mexico City. They contained enough supplies to treat 1,000 people for a month. Direct Relief prepared shipments of medicines and medical supplies to improve its support to health care partners within the country.

Reconstruction
652 homes were destroyed, 1,157 were damaged in Jojutla, Morelos, and many other buildings, including schools and the Palacio Municipal (city hall), were damaged in the earthquake. Two years later, in January 2020, residents were still waiting for reconstruction.

Nearly three-and-a-half years after the earthquake, in January 2021, César Cravioto, commissioner for reconstruction in Mexico City, reported that 53% (13,945 homes) of the buildings damaged had initiated rebuilding. Work will begin soon on 30% (8,030 homes), and work on 4,601 homes (17%) is undefined. 59 buildings have been demolished and 11 are scheduled to be demolished but have not started. Reconstruction of 21 buildings belonging to the Patrimonio Cultural Histórico are being attended to; 13 are in process and work has finished on eight. MXN $5.3 billion were budgeted for reconstruction from January 2019 to December 2020 and MXN $3.8 billion were spent.

title: 2017 Puebla earthquake


text:
Bond, Tennessee

Bond is an unincorporated community in Hickman County, in the U.S. state of Tennessee.

History
The community was likely named for Joseph McRea Bond, a local pioneer.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bond, Tennessee


text:
Talk:Hyakujuu Sentai Gaoranger

GaoCracker
There has recently been some debate on the combination of GaoGorilla, GaoBison, GaoEagle, GaoShark, and GaoTiger. While one person believes that the combination is called "GaoMuscle Shark and Tiger", most resources list this combination as "GaoCracker", such as GrnRngr.com's page on the Power Animals and toy combinations, GrnRngr.com's page on the 100 Power Animals, and several other (English sources) such as Rovang's page. "GaoCracker" also gets many more google hits than "GaoMuscle Shark and Tiger", however I do not have any Japanese sources to show me any other way. Ryūlóng 02:36, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Try Swntai Sactorum. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)
 * I do have Sentai Sanctorum listed. I would however like to find other resources that may state otherwise. And please do not hide your messages. Just leave normal talkpage messages. Ryūlóng 02:53, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The formation in question. In the Robo Art collection, the suit is pictured and "ガオマッスルシャーク&タイガー (GaoMuscle Shark & Tiger)" is clearly visible. The only time "Cracker" is used in a name is in GaoMuscle's shoulder guns, the Muscle Crackers. Shishi Ranger 03:11, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * That does say GaoMuscle Shark & Tiger, however everyone refers to it as GaoCracker. I would think that we should include the name that's in the artbook as official, but still list "GaoCracker" in the entry. Ryūlóng 03:20, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree with Ryulong's statement and The other source that can be looked at is http://gaoblue.tripod.com/gaoranger.html Anyway I was thinking that if the sourcebook is correct then GaoCracker should also be listed as on that summary as an unoffical fan name since a lot more people who have seen that name of GaoCracker on the internet would be more used to seeing the name of GaoCracker. -Adv193 06:34, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * And now, both GaoCracker and GaoMuscle Shark and Tiger are listed, and that can be good, since neither were ever seen in the show. Ryūlóng 06:50, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

GaoSilver's Title
While the HK fansubs and the literal translation to Silver's title, "Senretsu no Ginro", is "Sparking Silver Wolf", it's actually "Sparking Wolf." It even says so in English on the back of Silver's GaoJacket, much like the rest of the Gaorangers' titles on theirs. Justicebullet 04:42, 4 April 2007 (UTC)
 * The HK subs often don't translate things correctly.— Ryūlóng ( 竜龍 ) 04:58, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 09:21, 29 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Gaoranger.jpg

title: Talk:Hyakujuu Sentai Gaoranger


text:
Voskhod, Zonalny District, Altai Krai

Voskhod (Восход) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Pleshkovsky Selsoviet, Zonalny District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 240 as of 2013. There are 5 streets.

Geography
Voskhod is located 10 km north of Zonalnoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Oktyabrsky is the nearest rural locality.

title: Voskhod, Zonalny District, Altai Krai


text:
File:FrameForgeSBTDS1a.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to create 3D storyboards with FrameForge 3D Studio Demo Version.

title: File:FrameForgeSBTDS1a.jpg


text:
User:Erp/Sandbox Map fiddling Qgis

Testing of Qgis probably in combo with other other programs

Geo Group test
Geo Group test

-27.03333°N, -68.58333°W -27.11667°N, -68.91667°W

List of mountains in Turkey
Combo list and map to come.

Orontes
Second draft:
 * Is it the right dimensions or should it include more area (and what area?)
 * Are there any significant places that are not marked? Orange boxes are the names of significant sites. White boxes for major population centers.
 * Countries labelled, white lines mark the country boundaries
 * I'm not sure how to distinguish the two major tributaries: Afrin river and Karasu river or if I should (given the map could be used in those articles also).
 * Other thoughts? --Erp (talk) 22:19, 7 February 2015 (UTC) updated --Erp (talk) 00:08, 15 February 2015 (UTC)

title: User:Erp/Sandbox Map fiddling Qgis


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Hunan

Etymology
Borrowed from  Wade-Giles romanization: Hu²-nan², literally “south of the lake”, referring to Lake Dongting. .

Translations

 * Arabic: خُونَان, هُونَان
 * Armenian: Հունան
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 湖南
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: Chu-nan
 * Georgian: ხუნანი
 * Greek: Χουνάν
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: ^후난,
 * Latvian: Hunaņa
 * Lithuanian: Hunanas
 * Lü: ᦆᦴᧉᦓᦱᧃᧉ
 * Macedonian: Хунан
 * Manchu: ᡥᡡᠨᠠᠨ
 * Marathi: हुनान
 * Russian:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Zhuang: Huznamz, Huznanz

title: Hunan


text:
roofdier

Etymology
From, which might be a calque of. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) A predator

Etymology
From, perhaps a. Compare.

Noun

 * 1) A predatory species, which kills and eats prey.
 * 2) A ruthless person, without regard for victims.
 * 3) A carnivore, which also includes scavengers.
 * 4)  A carnivoran, any member of the order.
 * 1)  A carnivoran, any member of the order.

title: roofdier


text:
Tang Ying

Tang Ying (1682–1756) was a Qing dynasty writer, playwright and ceramist. He was the Superintendent of the Imperial porcelain works in Jingdezhen where he served over a period of twenty-eight years under two emperors. His tenure at the Imperial kilns was noted for some of the finest porcelain produced during the Qing dynasty, and the porcelain produced under his supervision is known as Tangyao (唐窯) or Tang ware. He also wrote a number of books on porcelain, as well as 17 plays for kunqu-style regional operas.

Early life
Tang Ying was born on the 5th day of the 5th month in the 21st year of Kangxi reign (1682) in Fengtian (奉天) in today's Shenyang, Liaoning. His great-grandfather Tang Yingzu was a bondservant leader serving in the Plain White Banner of the Han army, therefore he was technically born a bondservant, but he is normally described as a Han Bannerman in Chinese biographies.

Tang entered the service of the Imperial Household Department when he was 16 working as a page. He worked in Yangxin Hall which housed a library of books and paintings; there he acquired a knowledge of art and skill in painting, design and writings. He appeared to know Yongzheng well before he became emperor; in 1723, soon after Yongzheng came to the throne, he was appointed to the position of Vice Director of the Imperial Household Department, acting as foreman for the artisans working in the Imperial workshops.

Porcelain
While he was working at the Imperial Household Department, Tang Ying produced designs for decorating porcelain pieces. In 1728, during the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor, Tang Ying was sent to Jingdezhen in Jiangxi to supervise the production of Imperial porcelain. Tang was initially assistant to Nian Xiyao, working as the resident Manager at Jingdezhen. Tang was said to have learnt making pottery by living closely with the workmen at Jingdezhen for three years. In 1735, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor, he replaced Nian who was accused of corruption. Although in control of Jingdezhen as Superintendent of the Imperial porcelain works, he was stationed most of the time at Huai'an or Jiujiang Custom Offices since he was also responsible for collecting custom duties.

Tang was the only superintendent who had a close understanding of the potting process, and played a significant role in the development of ceramics production in Jingdezhen. Under Tang's supervision, the quality of the Jingdezhen improved and some of the finest porcelain produced during the Qing dynasty were made during his tenure. He was able to communicate effectively what the Emperor wanted to the workmen to produce the ware required, and his writings on porcelain provided invaluable information on the production of Jingdezhen porcelain in this period. He also personally made porcelain pieces signed with his various names.

Tang Ying introduced a number of innovations during his tenure at Jingdezhen, such as new colours (for example different shades of purple and blue) and glazes, and introduced new designs and techniques (e.g. silvering and painting in ink black). He managed to reproduce textures and effects of wares of other material such as silver, wood, jade or bronze, copied porcelain from other countries, and he was also known for revival of old forms and faithful imitation of antique wares such as those of the Song era.

Porcelain pieces produced for two Qing emperors under Tang Ying's supervision are highly regarded, and their quality is considered unmatched before or during his time. A vase believed to have been presented by Tang Ying to Qianlong Emperor fetched a record price of US$69.5 million at auction in 2010, although it was later sold for US$35 million after the original buyer disputed the auctioneer's fees. Another was sold for US$19 million in 2018, while a smaller piece from 1742 sold for US$9 million in 2020. These yangcai vases have a reticulated form with double walls, an innovation introduced by Tang Ying in the early 1740s. These vases were technically difficult and expensive to produce and Tang Ying presented nine such single vases to Qianlong.

Tang also served for a short period (1750–51) in Canton in the Maritime Customs Service. He returned to Jingdezhen, but retired in 1756 and died shortly afterwards on the 27th day of the 7th month the same year. Although his successor was able to maintain some standard at Jingdezhen, the quality of porcelain produced declined, and after the reign Qianlong, the quality of porcelain produced in Jingdezhen deteriorated.

Theatre
Tang Ying became interested in the local popular theatre. He was unusual in seeking inspiration from local theatre for his plays, and more than half of the plays he wrote feature content derived from popular local theatre. The plays he wrote are eclectic, where Kunqu opera melodies are mixed with local ones. He wrote 17 operas, among the best-known are Crossroad at the Slope and Laughter in a Flour Barrel. Crossroad at the Slope is a single-act play derived from the local bangzi opera (折子戲), and features a story from the Water Margin. Laughter in a Flour Barrel tells the story of a quick-witted courtesan who survived abuse. Other plays include Predestined Debt, a twenty-scene play from 1754.

Other works
Tang Ying wrote or supervised the writing of a number of books on porcelain which are important documents on porcelain making during the Qing dynasty, such as The Order of Porcelain-making (Twenty Illustrations of the Manufacture of Pottery) (陶冶圖編次), a book written at Qianlong's command. Other books on pottery include Record of Pottery Production (陶成紀事), A Summary of the Pottery Business (陶務敘略), and Draughts of Instructions on the Manufacture of Porcelain (瓷務事宜諭稿).

Tang also wrote poetry and excelled at calligraphy and paintings. His poetry is collected in Collections of Songs during the Reign of Kangxi and in Potters Thoughts (陶人心语). His calligraphy and paintings are kept among the Palace Museum collection.

title: Tang Ying


text:
Glyphoderma

Glyphoderma is an extinct genus of placodont reptile from the Middle Triassic of China with two known species, G. kangi and G. robusta. It differs from its relative Psephochelys in having three, rather than one, fused osteoderms on the posterior skull surface, and has an earlier temporal range, from the Ladinian epoch rather than the Late Triassic. Otherwise, it is similar in most respects to the other plachochelyids found in China. The name comes from the Greek 'γλυφος', 'sculpture' and 'δερμα', 'skin' referring to its unique carapace structure. The specific name honours a Mr. Kang Ximin.

Discovery and naming
The holotype of G. kangi, an almost complete skeleton, was found in 2008 in Fuyuan, Yunnan Province of central China in the Zhuganpo Formation. It is preserved in a thick block of limestone, and so the ventral side is not well known. The total length is 873 mm.

Skull
Glyphoderma's skull is the shape of an isosceles triangle, with a long narrow rostrum. The skull is 110.6 mm long and 83.7 mm wide. There are three large osteoderms fused to the temporal arch on each side of the skull, which protrude backwards. The suture between the maxilla and the jugal is underneath the posterior part of the orbit. The premaxilla has a smaller posterior process than in Placochelys, only reaching the naris while that of Placochelys reaches the orbit. Most of the other cranial bones are entirely fused, giving Glyphoderma a very strong skull. The temporal fenestrae are about twice as large as the orbits, at 37.3 mm long rather than 25.9 mm. There are two blunt teeth in the posterior part of the lower jaw, but most of the dentary lacks teeth entirely as in the other placochelyids.

Carapace
The carapace, made up of more than 400 osteoderms, is roughly circular but with small excavations at front and back to allow the neck and tail to move around a little more. Its dorsal surface is slightly convex and has a shallow longitudinal groove along the midline. The excavation at the back is biconcave rather than simply concave, and just exposes the pelvis. The anterior excavation is more open than that of Psephochelys. The osteoderms that make up the carapace are pentagonal or hexagonal, and are tightly sutured but not fused as they are in Psephochelys. Around the edge of the carapace, they are more isolated and have drifted away from their original positions. The carapace is very slightly wider, at 262 mm, than it is long (242.8 mm). There are two slightly enlarged osteoderms, one on either side of the anterior excavation, but these are not tuberculiform and are much smaller than those in Psephochelys. All the osteoderms are highly convex and have radial grooves and ridges which are very deep or very high, hence the genus name. They also have many tiny pits.

Vertebrae and tail
Glyphoderma has five or six cervical vertebrae, all of which are very flattened and wide, with low neural spines. Only one dorsal vertebra can be seen beneath the carapace. There are four sacral vertebrae, with distally expanded pleurapophyses enclosing a foramen between each pair. 34 caudal vertebrae are preserved, although some may be missing, and the first three of them have transverse processes.

Front legs
Only the distal end of each scapula is exposed by the carapace, but the humeri are well preserved and exposed, at 65.7 mm long. The distal end of each humerus is expanded, with a flat triangular depression on the dorsal side, and an open ectepicondylar groove along the anterior margin. The ulna and radius are of very similar lengths (39.5 and 40.8 mm respectively) but the radius is much thicker. Both ends of the radius have a depression on the dorsal surface. There are five ossifications in the carpus, but the manus is very poorly preserved and we know almost nothing about it.

Hind legs
The femur is expanded at both ends, but has a short shaft (only 59 mm). The space between the tibia and fibula is very large as the tibia has a straight medial edge and a concave lateral one. They are roughly the same length (47.5 mm fibula, 49.4 mm tibia). The calcaneum and astragalus form a depression for the distal end of the tibia to fit into. There are four other tarsals and four metatarsals, but it is very difficult to determine the phalangeal formula due to the poor preservation of the foot.

title: Glyphoderma


text:
User:PFinn

P. Finn (Pat Finn) is a senior at Virginia Tech. He is currently the president of his fraternity Kappa Alpha. He is a great person, and will one day be going to law school. Everyone should meet this guy.

title: User:PFinn


text:
Dispatch (ship)

Several vessels have born the name Dispatch:

 * Dispatch was built in Bermuda and came to England possibly as early as 1786. In 1792 she made a voyage carrying slaves from Africa to the West indies. She was then briefly a privateer before returning to the slave trade. The French captured her in 1795 while she was on her third slave trading voyage.
 * Dispatch was an 18-gun, Albatross-class brig-sloop, intended for the British Royal Navy, but sold to the Imperial Russian Navy before commissioning. Between 1796 and 1805 she served in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. She was wrecked in 1805.
 * Dispatch Packet was launched in France in 1807, probably under another name. She was taken in prize and from 1808 sailed from Falmouth, Cornwall as a packet for the Post Office Packet Service. She sailed primarily to the Iberian peninsula, but also made voyages to North America, Suriname, and the Mediterranean. She was wrecked on 14 April 1812 while returning to Falmouth from Malta.

title: Dispatch (ship)


text:
History of Liverpool F.C. (1959–1985)

The history of Liverpool Football Club from 1959 to 1985 covers the period from the appointment of Bill Shankly as manager of the then-Second Division club, to the Heysel Stadium disaster and its aftermath.

Overhauling the team during his first year at Liverpool, Shankly released 24 players and converted a boot storage room into a meeting place where he and his coaches discussed strategy. The club won the Second Division title in 1961–62 and were promoted to the First Division. Two seasons later, Liverpool won their first League championship since 1946–47, thereby qualifying for participation in European competition for the first time. The following season, Liverpool won their first FA Cup. Further League championships followed in 1965–66 and 1972–73. 1973 saw them win their first European trophy—the UEFA Cup. The following season was Shankly's last, in which the club won the FA Cup once more.

Shankly's assistant Bob Paisley took over in 1974; his first season in charge saw Liverpool finish second, before winning the League championship and UEFA Cup the following season. Three European Cups and four League championships followed before Paisley retired at the end of 1982–83, to be replaced by his assistant, Joe Fagan.

Liverpool won a treble of trophies during Fagan's first season as manager, winning the League championship for the third year in succession, the Football League Cup for the fourth year in succession and a fourth European Cup. The following season, the club was involved in one of the worst disasters to occur at a football stadium. Before the start of the 1985 European Cup Final against Juventus, Liverpool fans breached a fence separating the two groups of supporters, and charged the Juventus fans. The resulting weight of people caused a retaining wall to collapse, killing 39 fans, mostly Italians. The incident became known as the Heysel Stadium disaster and resulted in the expulsion of English clubs from European competition for five years.

1959–65: rebuilding
Huddersfield Town's Bill Shankly was appointed Liverpool manager midway through the 1959–60 season. He was approached by Liverpool chairman T. V. Williams, who asked Shankly if he would like to manage "the best club in the country", to which he replied, "Why, is Matt Busby packing up?". A perceived lack of ambition at Huddersfield Town and the potential at Liverpool led Shankly to accept the offer. When he arrived, the club was in the Second Division, having played at this level since relegation in 1953–54. During his first season in charge, Shankly gave debuts to two players: Ian Callaghan, who would go on to become the club's record appearance maker, and Roger Hunt, the club's future leading goalscorer in the League.

Despite their introduction, Shankly's impact was not immediate, as the club finished the season in third place, outside the promotion spots. Shankly had been musing on which players to keep and which to move on, and he eventually decided that 24 players should be released; by the end of his first season they had all left the club. Shankly retained the existing backroom staff, and converted a boot storage room into a meeting place where he and his coaches could discuss strategy. The Boot Room, as it came to be known, was to be an integral part of the club's future success. Bob Paisley was clear on the significance of the Boot Room: "You got a more wide-ranging discussion in the Boot Room than the boardroom. What went on was kept within those four walls. There was a certain mystique about the place."

The club again finished third the following season, despite a run of 14 games without defeat; 5 defeats in the opening 11 matches had cost Liverpool the chance of promotion. Shareholder John Moores believed the club needed to spend more money on players to be successful and encouraged chairman T. V. Williams to do so. The following season, Shankly signed Ian St John from Motherwell and Ron Yeats from Dundee United. Shankly was confident his signings would be a success, challenging the board of directors to "sack me if they can't play". St John and Yeats helped the club win promotion to the First Division; they won the Second Division with 62 points, and were unbeaten at their home ground Anfield all season. Liverpool were back in the First Division for the first time in eight years in 1962–63. Despite an uneasy start, they were in fifth place by March 1963, after a 13-match unbeaten run. Liverpool's form suffered following their 1–0 loss to Leicester City in the FA Cup semi-final, and a poor run of results including a 7–2 defeat to Tottenham Hotspur saw the club finish the season in eighth place.

The following season, Shankly signed Peter Thompson from Preston North End as he could play wide on the right-hand side of midfield. Liverpool started 1963–64 poorly, garnering only nine points from the first nine games. A 2–1 victory over Everton, their first win over their local rivals since 1950, instigated Liverpool's move up the table. They won 47 points from their next 30 games to secure their sixth League championship. Success led to the average attendance at Anfield increasing to more than 50,000. The fans also became more vocal, and it was around this time that the fans on the Kop adopted You'll Never Walk Alone as their anthem.

Liverpool's League championship qualified them to participate in European competition for the first time, in the 1964–65 European Cup. For their second round tie against Belgian team Anderlecht, Shankly decided to change from red shirts, white shorts and socks to an all-red kit. Shankly felt the players would be more intimidating to the opposition as a result. Liverpool reached the semi-final, but were beaten by Italian club Internazionale. The tie was not without controversy; Shankly felt that the referee showed bias towards Internazionale, as he had allowed questionable goals by the Italians to stand. Liverpool's form in the European Cup carried over into the FA Cup, in which they reached the final against Leeds United. The game was goalless for the first 90 minutes, but Liverpool took the lead in extra time, courtesy of a goal by Hunt. Leeds equalised shortly afterwards, but a St John goal secured a 2–1 victory for Liverpool, and their first FA Cup triumph. Liverpool's form in cup competitions did not translate to their performance in the League, as the defence of their championship ended with the club finishing in seventh place.

1965–70: stability

Victory in the FA Cup meant Liverpool would participate in the European Cup Winners' Cup during 1965–66. They went one stage further than the previous season, as they reached the final, facing German team Borussia Dortmund. The two sides were level at 1–1 at the end of 90 minutes and the match went into extra time. Liverpool were unable to score and conceded a goal to Dortmund, who won the match 2–1. Shankly was unimpressed with his team's performance, stating: "We didn't play well and we gave away two silly goals." Their defence of the FA Cup ended in the third round, after defeat to Chelsea. Their lack of success in cup competitions was offset by regaining the League championship on the last day of April 1966 when they beat Chelsea, courtesy of two goals from Hunt.

The next few seasons were not as successful. A return to the European Cup in 1966–67 saw Liverpool eliminated 7–3 on aggregate by Dutch side Ajax in the second round. The League campaign was equally disappointing, as the team finished the season in fifth place, winning only 2 of their last 11 games. One significant event during the season was the arrival of future captain Emlyn Hughes from Blackpool for a £65,000 fee. The 1967–68 season started well, with Liverpool league leaders through much of September, October and November 1967. An accumulation of matches due to participation in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, FA Cup and Football League Cup impacted negatively on Liverpool's League form. They finished the season in third place behind champions Manchester City. The 59 games Liverpool played during the season did not result in success. The furthest the club progressed in any competition was the quarter-final of the FA Cup.

The following season saw an improvement in League form, but there was no reward. Poor performances in the cup competitions meant Liverpool had less fixture congestion than the previous season, but that did not translate into a League championship as they finished in second place, six points behind Leeds United. Shankly's team was beginning to age, and several players had moved on or retired. Gerry Byrne, who had been the club's left back for 12 seasons, retired after making 333 appearances. Shankly now had the task of replacing the players in his squad. He started the process with the purchase of Hughes and then Ray Clemence the season before, but his signings did not always work out. Tony Hateley joined for a club record fee of £96,000 from Chelsea, but injury and poor form meant he was sold to Coventry City after a year. During the 1968–69 season Shankly signed Alun Evans for £100,000 from Wolverhampton Wanderers, a record fee for a teenager at the time. Despite a good start, Evans suffered a series of injuries that cut his career short.

The 1969–70 season was the beginning of a transitional period for Liverpool, as players such as Hunt, St John and Yeats made their last appearances for the club. A sixth-round loss to Watford in the FA Cup convinced Shankly that some of his older players should be moved on. Liverpool nevertheless started the season well, and were unbeaten in their first ten League matches until a 1–0 defeat to Manchester United. They were unable to maintain their early season form and finished in fifth place. Success in the other cup competitions was not forthcoming, as Liverpool exited in the early rounds of the Football League Cup and Inter-Cities Fairs Cup.

1970–75: transition
Shankly's new squad began to take shape during 1970–71, with many of the young players he had signed playing in the first team. As a result, the average age of the team was 22. Players such as Clemence, Steve Heighway, Alec Lindsay and Larry Lloyd, began to establish themselves in the team. John Toshack was also signed from Cardiff City to replace Hunt. Liverpool were unable to improve upon the previous season's League position, finishing in fifth place, but they had more success in cup competitions. They reached the semi-finals of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, but lost to Leeds United over two-legs. Liverpool progressed to the final of the FA Cup, and played Arsenal. Although Liverpool took the lead in extra time after a goalless 90 minutes, Arsenal won 2–1 to complete a League and cup double.

Before the final against Arsenal, Shankly signed Kevin Keegan from Scunthorpe United. Keegan became a key player for Liverpool and his impact was immediate, as he scored 12 minutes into his Liverpool debut. The addition of Keegan almost helped Liverpool regain the League championship. They went into the final day of the season a point behind Derby County, who had already finished their campaign, but were unable to secure the victory they needed against Arsenal, finishing in third place. The 1972–73 season was when Shankly's new Liverpool team delivered, winning the League and the club's first European trophy, the UEFA Cup. They started the season well and were top of the League after a 5–0 victory over Sheffield United. They maintained that position throughout the remainder of the season, securing the League championship after a 0–0 draw against Leicester City. It was the club's eighth League title, equalling the record held by Arsenal. Further success followed in the UEFA Cup, as the club reached the final against German team Borussia Mönchengladbach. A 3–0 victory in the first leg and a 2–0 loss in the second leg meant Liverpool won the tie 3–2 on aggregate, claiming their first European trophy. They became the first English team to win the League and a European trophy in the same season.

John Smith became chairman in 1973; his appointment was based around his business experience, with the idea of developing of a more corporate approach to the club's decision making. He believed in continuity and ended the club's policy of changing chairman every three years. The biggest development at Anfield in recent years occurred in 1973, as the old Main Stand was demolished and a new one constructed. The stand was officially opened by the Duke of Kent on 10 March 1973. Their triumph in the League meant Liverpool would compete in the 1973–74 European Cup. They were not as successful as the previous season and were eliminated in the second round by Yugoslav team Red Star Belgrade. Liverpool made a poor start to their League campaign, losing early on to Coventry City and Derby County, as opposed to Leeds United, who were unbeaten in their first 29 games of the season. Liverpool reduced the gap, but a poor end to the season, in which they won only one of their last eight matches, meant they finished second to Leeds. Despite their lack of success in other competitions, Liverpool reached the final of the FA Cup, beating Newcastle United 3–0 to win the cup for the second time. Shankly bought Ray Kennedy from Arsenal at the end of the season, which was his last act as Liverpool manager. He resigned soon afterwards, citing the need for a break, and was replaced by his assistant Bob Paisley.

Shankly continued to turn up at Melwood, the club's training ground, where the players still referred to him as 'boss'. Reluctantly, Paisley asked him to stay away from training, in order to assert his authority as manager. Liverpool started 1974–75 well; they were unbeaten in their first six League matches, and recorded their biggest ever win when they beat Strømsgodset 11–0 in the 1974–75 European Cup Winners' Cup. Liverpool were nevertheless knocked out by Hungarian side Ferencváros on the away goals rule in the next round. The club's participation in domestic cup competitions ended early as well, being eliminated in the fourth round in the FA Cup and Football League Cup. Liverpool's good start to the season in the League was not sustained and they eventually finished in second place. Paisley made some important signings during the course of the season. He signed Phil Neal, Terry McDermott and Jimmy Case, who would become regulars in the successful team that Paisley was to build.

1975–81: sustained success

The 1975–76 season did not start well, as Liverpool lost 2–0 to Queens Park Rangers in their first match. Their form had not improved by mid-October 1975, by which time they had won only six of their first twelve matches. Liverpool's form picked up in the second half of the season; a late-season run in which they dropped only one point in nine matches left them a point behind Queens Park Rangers going into their final match. Victory over Wolverhampton Wanderers would secure the League championship as Queens Park Rangers had already finished their league campaign. The match did not start well, and Liverpool were a goal behind at half-time, but won the match 3–1 with three second-half goals to win the League championship. Liverpool were eliminated early from the FA Cup and League Cup but fared better in Europe, progressing to the final of the UEFA Cup. A 4–3 aggregate victory over Belgian team Club Brugge meant the club won the trophy for the second time.

Before the start of 1976–77, Keegan revealed Liverpool's primary aim was to flourish in Europe: "There's a tremendous ambition among all the lads to win the European Cup. We've won everything else in the last five years and there's a feeling that the European Cup is going to be next." Liverpool started the season in good form, losing only 2 of their first 16 games in the League, a run that put them top by September 1976. A blip during the Christmas period, which included a 5–1 defeat to Aston Villa, did not prevent Liverpool from winning their tenth League championship. Liverpool were again successful in Europe, reaching the final of the European Cup for the first time and beating Borussia Mönchengladbach 3–1 to become the champions of Europe. Paisley's team were denied a treble of trophies when they lost the FA Cup final to Manchester United.

Keegan had been sold to German club Hamburg for a £500,000 fee before the start of 1977–78. Paisley signed Kenny Dalglish from Celtic as Keegan's replacement. His impact was immediate, as he scored 20 goals in 42 league games. Dalglish scored the winning goal in Liverpool's 1–0 victory over Club Brugge in the 1978 European Cup Final, as the club retained the trophy, becoming the first British team to do so. Despite their success in Europe, Liverpool were unsuccessful in domestic competitions. They finished seven points behind Nottingham Forest in the League, who were also their opponents in the 1978 Football League Cup Final. After ending 0–0 the match went to a replay, which Nottingham Forest won 1–0.

Liverpool began 1978–79 in contrasting fashion. They were drawn against Nottingham Forest in the first round of the European Cup and were eliminated after a 2–0 aggregate defeat. There was also an early exit from the League Cup, as they lost 1–0 to Sheffield United in the second round. But those setbacks were offset by Liverpool's start in the League; they won their first six games and did not lose until their twelfth—a 1–0 loss to Everton. Their form continued over the season and they won the League, finishing eight points ahead of Nottingham Forest. Their performance in the League broke several records; the 68 points they gained surpassed the 67 earned by Leeds United in 1968–69. The 16 goals conceded was another record.

Liverpool retained the League championship in the following season. Despite early defeats to Southampton and Nottingham Forest, they were top by January 1980 and stayed there for the remainder of the season. A 4–1 victory over Aston Villa in the penultimate game of the season secured the League championship. Key to the club's success was their home form; they were unbeaten at Anfield all season, and only conceded eight goals. Their impressive form in the League did not translate to Europe, as Liverpool were knocked out in the first round of the European Cup by Soviet team Dinamo Tbilisi. They fared better in the FA Cup and League Cup, but were unable to progress past the semi-final stage in either competition. During the season, Liverpool became the first British club to wear the name of a sponsor, Hitachi, on their shirts. Chairman John Smith was clear about the club's need for extra income: "The days are gone when a club like ours can control its destiny on the money coming through the turnstiles."

The 1980–81 season was a contrast to previous seasons as the club struggled in the League, but excelled in cup competitions. Despite losing 8 games, the same as eventual winners Aston Villa, Liverpool drew 17 to finish in fifth place, their worst position for 16 years. Liverpool's form in the cups was much better; an early elimination in the FA Cup withstanding, they reached the finals of the Football League Cup and European Cup. They won the Football League Cup for the first time, beating West Ham United 2–1 in a replay after the final ended in a draw. Real Madrid were Liverpool's opponents in the 1981 European Cup Final, and they won the competition for the third time, courtesy of an Alan Kennedy goal in a 1–0 victory.

1981–85: triumph and tragedy

Following their fifth-place League finish the previous season, Liverpool were eager to regain the League championship. Their goalkeeper, Clemence, had signed for Tottenham Hotspur, and was replaced by Bruce Grobbelaar. Liverpool did not perform well in their early games, losing their first match and drawing several others. Their poor form continued, and by the end of December 1981 they had won only 6 of 17 games, and were in the bottom half of the League. Their form in the second half of the season improved, and a run of 11 successive wins towards the end of the season meant they won the League with four points more than Ipswich Town. Liverpool retained the League championship in 1982–83, winning the title 11 points ahead of Watford. Liverpool were eliminated from the FA Cup and European Cup in the fifth round and quarter-final respectively, but were successful in the Football League Cup. A 2–1 victory over Manchester United in the final meant Liverpool won the competition for the third year in succession. Before the start of the season, Paisley had announced his intention to retire from management aged 64. Paisley had won six League championships, three European Cups and League Cups during his reign, making him the most successful manager in the club's history. He was replaced by his assistant Joe Fagan.

Liverpool continued their success into 1983–84, as they won three competitions to secure a unique treble. The club began the campaign indifferently, but by November 1983 they were top of the table and stayed there to win the League three points ahead of Southampton. As a result, they equalled the record of three consecutive League championships held by Huddersfield Town and Arsenal. Key to their success was striker Ian Rush, who scored 32 goals over the league campaign, and a further 13 in other competitions. Liverpool again reached the final of the Football League Cup, where they faced Everton. A 0–0 draw in the first match at Wembley Stadium meant that the match was replayed at Maine Road the following week. A Graeme Souness goal secured a 1–0 victory and the club's fourth successive League Cup triumph. Liverpool performed well in Europe, reaching the final of the European Cup. They faced Italian team Roma at their home stadium, the Stadio Olimpico. A 1–1 draw after 90 minutes and extra time meant the match went to a penalty shoot-out, which Liverpool won. Alan Kennedy scored the winning penalty after Grobbelaar had distracted Roma player Francesco Graziani, causing him to miss his own penalty.

Fagan's second season in charge was less successful, as Liverpool failed to win a trophy for the first time in nine years. The defence of their League championship was all but over in October 1984 when Liverpool were in the relegation places. The club's form picked up afterwards, but they were unable to catch Everton and finished 13 points behind in second place. Their defence of the Football League Cup ended in the third round and Fagan's team played no further part in the FA Cup, after defeat to Manchester United at the semi-final. Liverpool did fare better in Europe, reaching their fifth European Cup final. Before the match against Juventus at the Heysel Stadium commenced, Liverpool fans had breached a fence separating the two sets of supporters. As the Juventus fans fled to safety, the accumulation of people against a perimeter wall caused it to collapse, killing 39 fans, most of whom were Italians. The collapse of the wall led to rioting by Juventus fans at the other end of the ground. As a result, the match was delayed by two hours, but was played regardless, as it was feared its abandonment would lead to further violence. Juventus won the final 1–0.

In the aftermath of the match, the blame for the Heysel Stadium disaster was laid on the Liverpool fans. UEFA official Günter Schneider stated, "Only the English fans were responsible. Of that, there is no doubt." As a result, The Football Association withdrew English clubs from European competition, and two days later UEFA banned English clubs for "an indeterminate period of time". A condition was added, stipulating that Liverpool would serve another three-year ban once the ban on English clubs was lifted. Fagan had decided to retire before the match; he felt the team needed rebuilding and he was not the ideal man to do this with his 64th birthday approaching. He was replaced by Dalglish, who became the club's first player-manager.

title: History of Liverpool F.C. (1959–1985)


text:
Maya Thakuri

Maya Thakuri (born 2 July 1946) is a Nepali writer. She has published eight anthologies of short stories. Her stories have been translated in English, Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, and are a part of curriculum in various universities in India and Nepal. She is also a member of Nepal Academy.

Biography
She was born on 2 July 1946 in Lucknow, India. She never received formal education and could not read or write until the age of 15. She learnt to read and write by her own. In 1974, she moved to permanently to Kathmandu with her husband, Damodar Sharma.

Notable works
Thakuri's stories focus on prejudices in women's lives. Her most renowned works are:
 * Ama Januhos
 * Najureko Jodhi - 1974, Sajha Publications
 * Of a Lesser God
 * Priyambada

title: Maya Thakuri


text:
mind-numbing

Adjective

 * 1)  Excessively boring, tedious, or dull; repetitive; of an activity, etc., lacking any interest or variety that might serve as intellectual stimulation.
 * After hours of mind-numbing work sorting hundreds of nearly identical form, he needed to stop and do something else.
 * The story described the main character's wristwatch in mind-numbing detail.
 * The story described the main character's wristwatch in mind-numbing detail.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 讓人心煩意亂的
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:

title: mind-numbing


text:
Filmmaking Basics/Thumbnail Storyboard/Step by Step/b

Excellent Decision!
You have decided to start the movie with this frame:

$$\Rightarrow$$ Fade In $$\Rightarrow$$

The Script
EXTERIOR - The local movie theater - NIGHT

(1) The Young Person and Old Person stand looking at the movie poster outside the theater.

 * Now Show The Poster
 * You decided that the first shot is of the poster which also includes the introductory music for the poster. You can hold this shot while the music plays or you can dolly out while the music plays.  If you just hold the shot, then decide which is your next shot.

Next Frame?

 * Option A
 * You can then dolly out to show the poster and the back of the head of the the Young Person and the Old Person.

 * Option B
 * You can cut to the Young Person and the Old Person.

 * Option C
 * You can cut to the Young Person.

 * Option D
 * You can cut to a side view the Young Person and the Old Person.

 * Option E
 * You can cut to a side view the Young Person and the Old Person.

Now Decide!

 * Select either option A or B or C or D or E?

 * If you change your mind, you can go back to the previous page

 * Reference Material
 * All the thumbnail storyboard frames.
 * The unformatted script.
 * The original story.
 * The [[Media:SBTDS Script Ciprian2.pdf|formatted script]].
 * To start over, go back to the beginning.


text:
Talk:French/Lessons/Introductory/Review

Untitled
Instead of Quelles sont les nouvelles ? I'd say Quoi de neuf ?, which is more idiomatic. Dhum Dhum 20:36, 22 Aug 2003 (UTC) How to play the OGG audio file? I found that neither windows media play nor realone can play it.--21st centry fox
 * Winamp, for example

João Jerónimo 15:48, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

The French Alphabet
Wouldn't it make more sense to simply say 'The French alphabet has the same letters as the English alphabet'? Given that the article is written in English, it seems pedantic to list the same characters the lesson is being written with.

 * Well, it makes sense to show the alphabet since the pronunciation is different and this is what is highlighted. However, it is already part of the Reading French Section, which makes it unnecessary to duplicate in this first lesson. --Jazz 12:13, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

W
regarding the pronunciation of W, is there perhaps a better way of representing it other than the current dubl-vay. If I didn't know better, I feel I might read it as dubble-vay rather than the correct doob-le-vay. In fact, that seems to be an adequate way of communicating it, but I've neglected from changing it myself as I'm unaware if this is perhaps the standard form of communicating the sound and we're merely stuck with it as the norm. - Chris <IP_ADDRESS> 13:44, 23 January 2006 (UTC) Chris 13:49, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:French/Lessons/Introductory/Review


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Carlo Zayne

The result was delete.  MBisanz  talk 02:31, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

Carlo Zayne

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

Okay, I usually get at least one or two trivial mentions. But absolutely zero about this person. The only hit I got was his facebook page. Fails WP:GNG, and doesn't come anywhere near close to passing WP:ENTERTAINER.  Onel 5969  TT me 20:15, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Actors and filmmakers-related deletion discussions.  Onel 5969  TT me 20:22, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Television-related deletion discussions.  Onel 5969  TT me 20:22, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of California-related deletion discussions.  Onel 5969  TT me 20:24, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Delete a totally non-notable actor.John Pack Lambert (talk) 23:04, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete - I can not find sufficient evidence to show that this person meets WP:GNG or WP:ENT at this time.  gongshow  talk  22:37, 26 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
Tai Mo Shan

Tai Mo Shan is the highest peak in Hong Kong, with an elevation of 957 m above the Hong Kong Principal Datum, or around 956 m above mean sea level. It is located at approximately the geographical centre of the New Territories.

The Tai Mo Shan Country Park covers an area of 14.40 km² around Tai Mo Shan. It is located to the north of Tai Lam Country Park. The 35 m Long Falls at Ng Tung Chai is the highest waterfall in Hong Kong.

Geography
Tai Mo Shan has a steep northwestern slope and less steep southern slope. Since it is the tallest mountain in Hong Kong, it forms a barrier that blocks the monsoon from the south, the rain shadow leading to the dryness of some of the northern and northwestern parts of the New Territories.

The whole Tai Mo Shan mountain range, known as Kwun Fu Mountain (官富山, named after the salt field Kwun Fu Cheung (官富場) in present-day Kowloon Bay) in Ming and Qing dynasties, covers over 350 sqkm, and stretches from Tai Lam Chung Reservoir in the West near Tuen Mun and Ma On Shan in the east and the mountains of Kowloon and Clear Water Bay in the south. Two other significant coastal peaks, the Lantau Peak (934m) on Lantau Island and Mount Wutong (943.7m) across the border in Shenzhen are approximately 27 km to the southwest and 21+1/2 km to the northeast respectively.

Subpeaks
There are a few subpeaks that are given names in the Tai Mo Shan area, including:

 * Sze Fong Shan (785 m)
 * Wo Yang Shan (767 m)
 * Miu Ko Toi (765 m)
 * Wo Tong Kong lower (656 m) - there is an upper summit historically logged on this page at 702 metres (2,303 ft). It is approximately 1 km North East of the lower summit along the same ridge. However it is just a point on the ridge with virtually no prominence from the parent peak, Tai Mo Shan. The lower peak has enough prominence to be considered an independent summit, but this has not been verified by a surveyor.
 * Lin Fa Shan, Tsuen Wan (579 m)
 * Shek Lung Kung, Tsuen Wan (474 m)
 * Tin Fu Tsai Shan (461 m)
 * Ha Fa Shan, Tsuen Wan (315 m)

Geology
Tai Mo Shan is an inactive volcano dating from the Jurassic period. A small hill known as "Kwun Yam Shan" near the mountain still vents warm air through cracks in the rocks that lead all the way to the mantle. The holes that exhale warm air are known as "hot pots". When the surface temperature is cold, and the warmth of the expelled air is clearly discernible, this phenomenon is referred to by locals as "dragon's breath". If the air temperature at the summit is 6 degrees Celsius, then the air emerging from the interior of Kwun Yum Shan is somewhere between 13 and 21 degrees Celsius. These "hot pots" are remnants of the active volcano's superheated steam vents.

The area's volcanic rocks are mainly coarse ash crystal tuff. While Granodiorite, which is a kind of granite formed about 150 million years ago, intruded into the volcanic rocks.

Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification, Tai Mo Shan features a humid subtropical climate (Cwa), bordering a subtropical highland climate (Cwb). Due to the height of the mountain, Tai Mo Shan is claimed to be Hong Kong's most misty area, as it is often covered in clouds. In summer it is frequently covered with cumulus clouds, especially on rainy days, and in winter stratus clouds and fog often cover the peak. It is not uncommon for temperatures to drop below freezing point during the winter. A record low of negative 6 Celsius was seen in the January 2016 East Asia cold wave. Since the Tai Mo Shan weather station was established in 1997, it has never measured a temperature exceeding 30.0 C, and the most recent maximum temperature was measured as 29.5 C in June 2023.

Vegetation
In the past, Tai Mo Shan was famous for a type of green tea, called mist or cloud tea, which grew wild on the mountain side. Occasionally, local people can still be seen picking the tea shoots for brewing green tea.

More than 1,500 species of plants have been recorded in Tai Mo Shan including 27 species of native wild orchids, the protected Chinese Lily (Lilium brownii) which mostly grows on the east side of the Mountain, 24 species of native ferns, including tree ferns, of which a total of only 4 tree ferns species have been recorded around the entire mountain, 19 species of native grasses, and 7 species of native bamboos. ''Camellia sinensis var. waldenae (formerly Camellia waldenae'') are also found on the mountain.

A few types of wild orchids also grow in the streams of Tai Mo Shan including the Chinese pholidota orchid, Hong Kong's most common orchid, and the bamboo orchid, so called because of a distinct stem that looks like bamboo, which also grows in the streams of Tai Mo Shan.

During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong in World War II, most of the trees in the park were cut down and extensive reforestation was carried out after the war. Trees that were planted are mostly non-native such as Pinus massoniana, Acacia confusa, Lophostemon confertus, and paper bark tree. The area has now become one of Hong Kong's major forest plantations.

The south-east slopes of Tai Mo Shan are covered with patches of well developed montane forest. The area, covering 130 hectares, was designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1975.

Wildlife
Local wildlife consists of birds, snakes and butterflies. There are also freshwater crabs, feral dogs, feral cats, oxen, Porcupines and wild boar.

History
In 1986, a 34-hour blaze destroyed 282,500 trees at Shing Mun and Tai Mo Shan and ravaged 7.40 km² of countryside.

Tai Mo Shan Country Park was formally designated on 23 February 1979.

Access
The summit of Tai Mo Shan is not accessible to visitors, as it is occupied by a Hong Kong Observatory (ex-RAF) weather radar station. It was reported in July 2014 that the station additionally houses facilities of the People's Liberation Army.

title: Tai Mo Shan


text:
User:Leland~enwikibooks

I was a high school assistant in Tours in 2001, and I spent most of last year in Tarbes with Nathan and the other assistants there.

Please see my wikipedia homepage.

title: User:Leland~enwikibooks


text:
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Portal:Forward Bloc

 __NOINDEX__

The result of the discussion was delete. Beeblebrox (talk) 18:25, 22 July 2012 (UTC)

Portal:Forward Bloc

The subject of portal, All India Forward Bloc, is a minor political party of India. Portal is not even linked with the main article. It is poorly created, unmaintained and categorised with Category:Portals under construction since 2006. "Forward Bloc Personalities" has no entry (only a red link), "Selected biography" has only one entry, "Things you can do" is completely irrelevant to the subject and "Related portals" has some error message. undefined — Bill william compton Talk   06:15, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Merge any appropriate material to Portal:India, then redirect to Portal:India. Another topic too narrow for a portal, but some of the content may be fine for inclusion in the main India portal. ··· 日本穣 ? · 投稿  · Talk to Nihonjoe ·  Join WP Japan ! 06:21, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Delete, far too little is of use here to warrant a merge. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 07:11, 14 July 2012 (UTC)


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User:Vickychen970707/sandbox

FACEBOOK founder Mark Zuckerberg and his wife, Priscilla Chan, have welcomed their second child, a girl named August. “Priscilla and I are so happy to welcome our daughter August! We wrote her a letter about the world we hope she grows up in, and also hoping she doesn’t grow up too fast,” Zuckerberg posted on his Facebook profile on Monday, reports The New York Post. “Dear August, Welcome to the world! Your mum and I are so excited to see who you will become. “When your sister was born, we wrote a letter about the world we hoped she and now you will grow up in — a world with better education, fewer diseases, stronger communities, and greater equality.”

title: User:Vickychen970707/sandbox


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Talk:David Pringle

Comment
It so happens that I am acquainted with David Pringle, that I have met at an international conference in Norwich in 2007, and think that this article is a fair assessment of his activity as a SF editor. He is a rather important figure in the field, thanks to the magazine Interzone that he edited for decades, a magazine which commissioned the fiction from important authors (e.g. J.G. Ballard, but that isn't the only name one could drop). In my opinion this article should not be removed but kept.--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:18, 27 September 2009 (UTC)
 * I dont know if this article was up for some form of deletion, but I can assure you that editors with any knowledge of SF will not let this be deleted. he is cited fairly often as a reliable source on WP for his reference works.Mercurywoodrose (talk) 09:56, 18 September 2010 (UTC)

ċ

British-oriented
What are some of the similar works "more American-oriented" than Pringle's "100 Best" books? What are the consequences of that British- or American- orientation? For example, how many more books originating in the UK are in his 100 Best? --P64 (talk) 14:24, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

Bibliography???
Hi! ;-)

Shall I search the Internet for full list of books of this man? And add them to this article? ;-) I have never done anything like it, but I might try...? ;-)

Best wishes!

--Kaworu1992 (talk) 08:44, 5 April 2023 (UTC)

PS. Bibliography should be shown alphabetically, or by year?

Fantasy?
Hi, it's me again. Should we also add "fantasy" to list of portals and what this person is known for?

[I know him as an author of Illustrated Fantasy Guide I have a Polish translation on my bookshelf.]

Best wishes!

--Kaworu1992 (talk) 12:45, 5 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Pringle


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Portal:Chinese

歡迎光臨中文系. Welcome to the Chinese Department at Wikiversity, part of the Center for Foreign Language Learning and the School of Language and Literature.

See also the award-winning Chinese Wikibook.

Introduction to Chinese
You are here because you want to learn or teach Chinese. Great! First, pick a dialect you wish to focus on. Your current options are Cantonese and Mandarin. There are more native Mandarin Chinese speakers than any other language in the world and it is the official language of both China Mainland and Taiwan and one of the official languages of Singapore. Cantonese, originating in the area around Guangdong Province, is spoken by about 70 million people worldwide and is the predominant language of overseas Chinese.

Current
Courses currently being offered by the Chinese Department:
 * Mandarin One, Lesson One - New Beta!
 * Mandarin One - In Development

Mandarin (Guānhuà 官话) with Simplified Chinese Writing
This is the Chinese (Zhōngwén 中文) dialect spoken by 867.2 million speakers worldwide. Learning Mandarin Chinese will help you communicate to the largest linguistic group in the world. The classes here will focus on Standard Mandarin which is based on the Beijing dialect. This is spoken throughout the PRC as Pǔtōnghuà 普通话 ("common speech"), in ROC as Guóyu 國語 ("national language"), and in Singapore as Huáyu 华语 ("Chinese language"). Mandarin is the official language in the PRC and ROC while being the official Chinese dialect in Singapore. Simplified Chinese characters (jiǎntǐzì 简体字), the official Chinese characters (Hànzì 汉字) of the PRC and Singapore, will be exclusively used in the courseware here, along with the PRC's Hànyǔ Pīnyīn 汉语拼音 romanization system, to avoid confusion and enable communication to the maximum number of Chinese speaking people possible.

 * List of Courses

Cantonese (Yue Yu 粵語) with Traditional Chinese Writing
This is the native Chinese dialect for all of historical Canton province and the majority of overseas Chinese in Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, and North America by the common name of Kwong Tung Wah 廣東話 ("Speech of Canton"). It is also the de facto official Chinese spoken language of Hong Kong and Macau. The Chinese written language used by most of these groups, except in modern Canton province and Singapore, is the Traditional Chinese character system, and that is what will be used in this coursework along with using the Yale romanization system. Since it is argued that Cantonese is closer in form to historical Chinese, this may be a more direct way to understanding Classical Chinese once Classical Chinese courses taught in English and Cantonese are created. Also note that the usage of Traditional Chinese in this coursework will also be a benefit to Mandarin students that will be traveling to Taiwan so that they can familiarize themselves with how the traditional characters look from viewing the vocabulary lists before their trip.

 * List of Courses

Mandarin verb conjugation

 * Compared to many other languages, verb tenses in Mandarin Chinese are very simple. Verb conjugation in Chinese utilizes participles to imply various ideas rather than straight forward verb endings. Verbs are the same for all persons and tenses.

Notice how throughout subject and tense changes, 看 remains without any verb endings. For all practical purposes, verbs are not conjugated in Mandarin Chinese.

Resources

 * Wikibooks:Cantonese
 * Wikipedia:Chinese language
 * List of Chinese dialects
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 * Pinyin/Vocabulary
 * Pinyin/Problem of Hanzi application in IT

Typing characters

 * See: w:Wikipedia:Enabling East Asian characters
 * See: Chinese character

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 * October 15, 2006 - 你好！ Department founded!

Open source programs to assist learning Chinese

 * MyChineseFlashCards - program consisting of 1,500 Chinese character flashcards. Free version is GPL with 50 characters and all 1500 character combinations examples, as well as 50 out of 250 radicals. (Windows and Mac OS)

fr:Département:Chinois

title: Portal:Chinese


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Don Wai Floating Market

The result was keep. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk, contributions) 07:12, 9 October 2019 (UTC)

Don Wai Floating Market

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

I have proposed this article for deletion because: Seligne (talk) 02:06, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * It is not notable. It is not a floating market. It is a market on the banks of a river, like thousands of of others in Thailand. It has good food according to the cites.
 * This is, in essence, a travel guide article, some info for Wikivoyage (to which I will move relevant bits)
 * In spite of being on the English Wikipedia, this article has no English citations. There is a Thai version of this article.
 * The article is poorly written, has no inline cites, but could be fixed were the topic worth the effort. It is not.
 * This article was created by user <IP_ADDRESS> or Torpido, who I think are the same person and who do not respond.
 * This article is not worthy of Wikipedia and its lack of notability means it is not worth further efforts to save it.
 * Comment: This discussion page didn't originally use the template and wasn't properly transcluded to the daily list. I've just fixed the formatting. --Paul_012 (talk) 00:05, 2 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Comment. Thai-language references are perfectly acceptable. There is no requirement for references to be in English. Eastmain (talk • contribs) 00:20, 2 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Thailand-related deletion discussions. Eastmain (talk • contribs) 00:20, 2 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Comment:. The market is a popular academic study subject. A brief Google search reveals many academic papers and theses. --Paul_012 (talk) 00:52, 2 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep. The scholar results appear to be enough to get past GNG. Having a misleading name and being similar to thousands of other markets are not relevant criteria to deletion. SpinningSpark 22:46, 2 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Comment: I've gone ahead and renamed the article to Don Wai Market, which is the name used in most English-language guidebooks. Talat nam in Thai literally translates to "water market", so it could be "floating market", "riverside market", etc. depending on context. --Paul_012 (talk) 10:30, 3 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep. Plenty of scholar study provided by Paul 012. --Lerdsuwa (talk) 02:35, 8 October 2019 (UTC)


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Cookbook talk:Chocolate Mousse

This recipe originally published, in German, in the Wikibooks module Kochbuch/Mousse au chocolat. Translation into English using www.worldlingo.com and freetranslation.com. Gentgeen 11:43, 3 May 2004 (UTC)

Complaint!
This seems to be almost a chocolate custard rather than a mousse. I regard mousse as simple whipped cream and chocolate (with liquid additives for desired flavour). Adding egg (although it is inarguably an excellant imulsifier) really seems to be cheating to me, not to mention making what I see as a sort of custard. #include disclaimer.h Grimm
 * I look at it differently. To me chocolate and whipped cream combine to become chocolate whipped cream, which isn't bad, but isn't mousse either.  In a mousse, the egg yolks add a richness that is lacking in chocolate whipped cream, while the whites aid the cream in making the mousse light and fluffy.  In a custard, the eggs are not seperated, which obviously means the whites aren't whipped.  Additionally, a custard is normally at least partially cooked, while a mousse remains basicly raw, other than melting the chocolate. Gentgeen 04:48, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Hmm further reaserach shows that my origional sources are the extreme minority. Odd. Very well, move along, nothing to see here :P Grimm

Safe version?
It'd be nice to have a version that didn't involve raw eggs. I'd rather not get my family killed.

Perhaps one could get pasteurized egg whites or cheat a bit with unflavored gelatin?

brand advertisement removed
I removed "Chocolate from Lindt & Spruengli or their U.S. subsidiary Ghirardelli is highly recommended." <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:25, 26 November 2010 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Chocolate Mousse


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title: Template:Topic boilerplate


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jenteal

The result was keep, would be a speedy keep since no one is arguing for the deletion and the speedy nominator was trying to make a point, however I'm about a week late for that. - Bobet 09:04, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Jenteal
I'm not a porn bio expert, so I'm referring it here. Was a speedy candidate. theProject 05:52, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Weak keep, IAFD lists 98 titles, which in spirit meets WP:PORN BIO's 100-title mark for notability. hateless 06:06, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep —  By the end of the week, that shouldn't be a problem. -- Chris Griswold 07:28, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Comment The user who marked the article as a speedy deletion for not asserting notability marked |over 50 porn star articles for speedy deletion in the course of half an hour, and has been blocked for it. Note that while it's possible some of those 50 don't meet the WP:PORN BIO criteria, at least some are clearly notable within the industry, such as Dick Rambone and Paul Thomas. At least one other Amber Rain, has survived two different Articles for deletion attempts: 1 2 (including one that I started and fought for). Almost all certainly aren't speedy deletion candidates since they certainly assert notability due to having major roles in tens of films seen by thousands of people. This isn't a Speedy Keep vote yet, as I haven't investigated this specific article (maybe it does deserve to go, just as even a stopped clock is right twice a day), but please take the original speedy nomination with a large grain of salt. AnonEMouse (squeak) 07:44, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep. Jenteal meets criteria #1 of WP:PORN BIO, in that she's won AVN Awards: Best All-Girl Sex Scene in 1996. Tabercil 12:00, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep per above. -- Joe Beaudoin Jr. Think out loud — WP:PORN BIO? 22:09, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jenteal


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User:Tbot/tbot entry

Automatic Tbot entries
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There are a number of issues and possible problems:

 * translations between languages are not one-to-one There may be other terms that are equivalent or better translations in the other direction.
 * parts of speech differ The other language may be using a different but comparable part of speech. A noun in English that is often used in an adjectival form may have only the adjective in the other language in the translation given.
 * reliability The translation table entries are significantly less reliable than the majority of entries in the wikt.

The notice, which probably led you here, should be removed when:

 * the translation has been checked and found to be correct
 * other parts of speech are added
 * missing senses are added
 * any other remaining issue is tagged (rfc, zh-attention, etc)

i.e. as soon as the entry is minimally complete.

If the entry is wrong, please fix the source entry (translation table), and delete the Tbot entry or tag it with. Do not tag it with. (sysops: please delete any "speedy" tagged entry like this on sight). It would be helpful to note the problem on User talk:Tbot. It is also a good idea to look at the translation table in the FL wiktionary entry.

Additional notes

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 * Do comment on User talk:Tbot

title: User:Tbot/tbot entry


text:
User:Balpreet brar/sandbox

name balpeet brar

chitkara univesity chandigarh; b.tech student address:- farm house 13amp morjand sikhan teh:-sangaria; dist:-hanumangarh; state:- rajathan;

title: User:Balpreet brar/sandbox


text:
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title: Wikiversity:Copyrights


text:
Jacques Rémy (field hockey)

Jacques Rémy (born 5 February 1936) is a Belgian field hockey player. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1964 Summer Olympics.

title: Jacques Rémy (field hockey)


text:
FGI

FGI may refer to:

 * Facility Guidelines International, an independent, not-for-profit organization dedicated to developing guidance for the planning, design, and construction of hospitals, outpatient facilities, and residential health, care, and support facilities. We oversee the FGI Guidelines for Design and Construction revision process and publication, fund research, and offer resources that support the development of safe, effective health and residential care built environments. FGI partners with numerous other organizations to help develop the Guidelines and other practical, evidence-informed publications.
 * Fagali'i Airport, in Samoa
 * Faith and Globalisation Initiative, an international group of universities
 * Fashion Group International, a professional organization in the fashion industry
 * FASA Games, Inc.
 * Functional group interconversion
 * Functional Genetics, Inc, e.g. FGI-103, FGI-104, FGI-106.

title: FGI