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Roderic Dallas

Roderic Stanley (Stan) Dallas, (30 July 1891 – 1 June 1918) was an Australian fighter ace of World War I. His score of aerial victories is generally regarded as the second-highest by an Australian, after Robert Little, but there is considerable dispute over Dallas's exact total. Though his official score is commonly given as 39, claim-by-claim analyses list as few as 32, and other research credits him with over 50, compared to Little's official tally of 47. Like Little, Dallas flew with British units, rather than the Australian Flying Corps. Beyond his personal combat record, Dallas achieved success as a squadron leader, both in the air and on the ground. He was also an influential tactician and test pilot. His service spanned almost the entirety of World War I fighter aviation.

Born on a remote property in rural Queensland, Dallas showed an early interest in aviation. He travelled to England at his own expense following the outbreak of World War I and became a pilot in the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) in August 1915. Initially seeing action with No. 1 Naval Wing on the Western Front in Caudrons and Nieuport 11s, he was chosen to test one of the earliest Sopwith Triplanes. This became his favourite type, and he achieved many victories with it through 1916–17, earning the Distinguished Service Order, and the Distinguished Service Cross and Bar. He was appointed commanding officer of No. 1 Squadron RNAS in June 1917. On the establishment of the Royal Air Force on 1 April 1918, he took command of No. 40 Squadron. Flying Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5s, he achieved further victories before being killed in action on 1 June 1918 while on patrol near Liévin in northern France. He was buried in Pernes.

Early life
Stan Dallas was born on 30 July 1891 at Mount Stanley station outside Esk, Queensland, to labourer Peter MacArthur Dallas and his wife Honora. Mount Stanley was an isolated property, and journeys to and from Esk were long and infrequent; Stan was the first Caucasian child born at the station. His family moved to Tenterfield, New South Wales, soon after the birth of his younger brother in 1893. They returned to Queensland in 1898, settling in Mount Morgan, where Peter Dallas became a shift boss at the local mines. Stan attended Mount Morgan Boys' School from February 1899 and eventually joined its cadet corps, rising to sergeant. At school he was noted for his intelligence, ability to get along well with others, and quiet sense of humour. He enjoyed the outdoors, and spent many hours in the mountains behind his family's home, observing birds of prey.

In July 1907, Dallas joined the assay office of the Mount Morgan Gold Mining Company, and also enrolled in the local technical college, where he took night classes in chemistry and technical drawing. He showed an early interest in aviation, fuelled by the establishment in 1911 of the Mount Morgan chapter of the Queensland Aero Club. Dallas and his younger brother Norvel built a glider, which was wrecked by an untimely gust of wind the first time they tried to launch it. The two brothers continued to build model gliders in spite of this initial disaster, and Stan corresponded with pioneer aviators in France, England, and the United States. He later transferred to a higher-paying job driving trucks for Iron Island ironstone quarries. Stan and Norvel once again built their own flying machine while Stan was working on Iron Island. They experimented with this seaplane on nearby Marble Island, notorious for its treacherous waters; Stan lost this aeroplane in the sea.

At 1.88 m tall, and weighing 101 kg, Dallas would later surprise observers with his ability to fit into the cramped cockpits of fighter planes. Despite his size, he was considered a fine athlete with quick reflexes. Although he could project a loud speaking voice, he was generally soft-spoken and was not known to curse or drink alcohol, nor often to smoke. Dallas stayed fit through regular exercise at the gym, and played rugby union football. He had exceptionally keen eyesight, which he had trained by reading small print in newspapers at the six-foot length of his family's table. To balance out athletics, he participated in amateur theatrics, where his strong voice served him well.

Rise to flying ace
Dallas joined the Port Curtis Militia in 1913, and was commissioned as a lieutenant before the outbreak of World War I. Believing he had little chance of gaining a place in the recently established Australian Flying Corps, he applied to join the British Royal Flying Corps (RFC), but was rejected. Undaunted, he travelled from Queensland to Melbourne, where he impressed Minister Without Portfolio J.A. Jensen. Jensen gave the young aspirant a letter of introduction to the Australian High Commissioner in London, Sir George Reid. Dallas paid his own passage to England and, once there, applied once more to the RFC. Rejected again, he turned to the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) and was accepted, topping the entrance examination over 83 other students. He was commissioned a flight sub-lieutenant and began training at Hendon in June 1915, gaining Pilot's License #1512 on 5 August.

On 3 December 1915, Dallas joined No. 1 Naval Wing and began flying combat missions in single-seat Nieuport 11 fighters and two-seat Caudrons out of Dunkirk, France. Early in his career there, a practical joker imitating the commanding officer telephoned Dallas, who was the duty officer, and peremptorily ordered him to take off in a propellerless Breguet. Upon learning that he had been tricked, Dallas joined in the laughter. He not only accepted the resulting nickname of "Breguet", but also used it as a signature on his letters home later in the war. Having made two unconfirmed claims in February 1916, Dallas scored his first confirmed victory on 23 April. He outmaneuvered a German Aviatik C and shot it out of control, following his victim down to 2,000 feet, though heavy anti-aircraft fire holed his plane in several places. He went on to score three more confirmed victories with his Nieuport.

On 23 June 1916, Dallas took delivery of the newest RNAS fighter, Sopwith Triplane #N500. This was the original prototype, having undergone Admiralty trials before being shipped to France. Though still only a test plane, it was flown into combat 15 minutes after its arrival. Dallas named it Brown Bread, and it was the first of a series of 'Tripes' that he would fly and fight in over the next year. He achieved his first victory with Brown Bread on 1 July, the same day he was promoted to flight lieutenant. Three days later, he was recommended for further promotion. He scored his last Nieuport-mounted 'kill' on 9 July, earning the Croix de guerre and a mention in despatches for coming to the aid of a French Maurice Farman biplane. On 7 September 1916, Dallas was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, "for the specially gallant manner in which he has carried out his duties" since first seeing action in December 1915. By the end of the year he was among the earliest RNAS aces, with eight confirmed and four unconfirmed victories, and had been raised to the rank of flight commander.

Dallas became one of the best-known pilots of Sopwith Triplanes in the RNAS. He opened 1917 by setting an altitude record of 26,000 feet in the Triplane while testing a prototype oxygen set; he endured frostbite and oxygen intoxication in the process. By now No. 1 Wing's fighter squadron had been renumbered as No. 1 Squadron RNAS, and had totally re-equipped with production Triplanes. It also shifted airfields from Veurne in Belgium to Chipilly in France, leaving behind RNAS control by transferring to No. 14 Wing, 4th Brigade of the RFC. Formation flying became the order of the day, as the practice of fighter pilots soloing into combat dwindled. The last three weeks of March were also filled with Dallas's responsibilities for flight and gunnery testing. As British losses in the air began to mount during Bloody April, Dallas and his squadron moved airfields once again, to La Bellevue. They were thus positioned to take a prominent part in the subsequent Battle of Arras, where the intense aerial fighting saw Dallas add to his burgeoning score.

The combat of 23 April 1917 became known as one of the classic air battles of the war. Dallas and his wingman Thomas Culling took on a squadron-sized formation of 14 German aircraft, having gained an altitude edge over their foes. The naval aces exploited this edge by making quick diving attacks from opposite sides, culminating in short bursts of machine-gun fire. Using the Triplane's superior climbing ability, they would then bob back up to position themselves for the next assault. In contrast to the usual hit-and-run tactics of most dogfights, the RNAS duo launched at least 20 gunnery runs over 45 minutes. The Germans were forced progressively lower, into disarray, and then chased back over their own lines. As well as shooting down three of the Germans, Dallas and Culling achieved a more important outcome by blocking and then breaking up a determined enemy effort against the British ground offensive. The action led to the award of a Bar to the Distinguished Service Cross for Dallas, and a Distinguished Service Cross for Culling, which were gazetted on 29 June.

Squadron command
By June 1917, Dallas had achieved over 20 victories in aerial combat. This experience, and his leadership ability, led to his appointment as commanding officer of No. 1 Naval Squadron on 23 June 1917. The unit had been forced to cut back its operational strength from 18 aircraft to 15 due to lack of pilot replacements and a shortage of spare parts for the ageing Triplanes. It had also moved airfields, to an unprepared site at Bailleul. As a leader, Dallas made a point of shepherding new pilots through their first flights, and even setting them up with their first victories by manoeuvring enemy aircraft into a good position for the rookie to take a shot. On the ground, he proved to be an efficient organiser, designing and directing construction of the new air base. It was also during this time that he wrote a treatise on air combat tactics, extracts of which have survived. Both the air base layout and the treatise displayed his talent as a sketch artist. On 2 November, No. 1 Squadron moved airfields once more, to Middle Aerodrome, which put it back under overall RNAS control. The unit received its first eight new Sopwith Camels on 9 November as replacements for the Triplanes. On 11 November, Dallas was again mentioned in despatches, this time by Field Marshal Haig. After gaining its full complement of Camels, No. 1 Squadron was transferred to England, and took up home defence duties at Dover. On 16 February 1918, Dallas led his squadron back to France, where it was based at Téteghem, supporting units on operations along the Belgian coast. He commanded it for another six weeks, until 31 March.

As part of the amalgamation of the RFC and RNAS to form the Royal Air Force, on 1 April 1918 Dallas was promoted to major and given command of No. 40 Squadron RAF, flying Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5s. The squadron boasted several aces in its ranks, and its former RFC members were suspicious of Dallas's naval background. He was nevertheless able to overcome their misgivings and established himself as the new CO with his personal demeanour and courage; the nickname of "Admiral" that they bestowed upon him was an affectionate one. Ten days after taking over, he had adapted well enough to his new mount with its inline engine to score his first victory with his new unit. His men also saw that he would not only look out for his rookie pilots, but would not shirk the dangers of ground attack sorties. His offhand attitude toward two leg wounds he received during a strafing mission on 14 April, after which he made "a perfect landing", especially impressed his subordinates, as did his appreciation of all ranks for their hard work. His studious bent continued to serve him; he kept notes on his methods of attacking enemy aircraft, which often exploited their structural weaknesses, and used them to tutor pilots under his command.

Dallas was briefly hospitalised with the wounds to his thigh and heel on 14 April, but sneaked out four days later to rejoin his squadron. His departure may have been spurred by news of the capture of his friend Richard Minifie. As soon as he was able, Dallas was flying again. By 26 April, he had increased his official score to 37, and been awarded the Distinguished Service Order for operations at Dunkirk. He had also several times been recommended for the Victoria Cross, but it was never approved. His casual attitude towards claiming victories was noted by a member of No. 40 Squadron, Cecil Usher, who related that Dallas once remarked of an opponent, "...he went down belching a lot of black smoke and after he had gone down someways one of his planes came off, but I didn't see him crash so I shan't claim him."

On 2 May 1918, during a lull in the fighting at Flanders, Dallas took off in his S.E.5 to taunt his foes. He strafed the German base at La Brayelle to "attract attention" before dropping a package on the aerodrome with a note reading, "If you won't come up here and fight, herewith a pair of boots for work on the ground, pilots for the use of". He then circled in mist until troops came to examine the bundle, whereupon he dropped two bombs and again shot up the base, causing "general panic". News of this singular exploit reportedly provoked laughter from Field Marshal Haig and RAF founder General Sir Hugh Trenchard, two men not known for their sense of humour. While adding to his score and leading his squadron into combat, Dallas had begun thinking beyond the war. He was pleading with his father to quit the dangerous job of mining, with hints that he would support his parents by pioneering aviation in Australia. He also harboured a long-standing ambition of flying from England back to Australia, which would be a record-setting journey.

Death and legacy
Dallas was raised to lieutenant colonel and appointed to the command of a wing, but would never see the message from headquarters that arrived on 1 June 1918 advising him of the promotion and ordering him to cease flying. He disappeared on a solo mission the same day. It was later learned that he had been killed over Liévin during combat with three Fokker Triplanes from Jagdstaffel 14, probably by its commander, Leutnant Johannes Werner. There are several theories as to how he died. The common elements are that he was on patrol near the front line when he pounced on a German plane flying at a lower level, that there might have been another unknown British pilot in trouble, and that the Germans who shot Dallas down had dived from a still higher altitude. Medics near his crash site at Absalom Trench ventured into no man's land and retrieved his body, and a patrol of eight volunteers salvaged his personal effects from the fallen aircraft. News of Dallas's death was greeted with shock and disbelief by his squadron, one pilot recording: "The world is upside down ... Dallas has been killed ... Too good for this world I suppose."

The British magazine Aeroplane later paid tribute to him in an editorial: "Roderic Dallas had become almost a legendary character in the RNAS. He was a pilot of quite extraordinary skill, a fighting man of astonishing gallantry, a humorist of a high order, and a black-and-white artist of unusual ability. But, above all this, he was a great leader of men. To be in Dallas' squadron was quite one of the highest honours open to a young fighting pilot of the RNAS and the high reputation held by certain of the RNAS squadrons operating with the RFC during the past year or two has been largely due to the training, example and leadership of Roderic Dallas."

For his record in aerial combat and his leadership skills, Dallas has been compared to the "Red Baron", Manfred von Richthofen. The former flew combat for 29 months, and the latter for 31 months, if his three months in hospital are deducted. Dallas successfully led two different squadrons during his career, and was killed just before assuming command of a wing. Richthofen led first a squadron, then a wing during his 12 months in command, again excluding hospital time; he achieved more victories, but had the tactical advantage of fighting over his own lines with the wind in his favour. Dallas flew a score of different types of Allied aircraft, as well as captured German planes; he was also instrumental in developing the Sopwith Triplane. Richthofen flew the Fokker Dr.1, and helped develop the Fokker D.VII, but did not live to fly it into battle.

Stan Dallas was buried at the Pernes British Cemetery, France, in Lot 38, Row E of Plot II. Along with his military decorations, he was honoured with a Gold Medal by the Aéro-Club de France, and a Bronze Medal and Diploma by the Aero Club of America. The national capital of Canberra remembered him with Dallas Place. His home town of Mount Morgan has dedicated a water reservoir in his honour; its Historical Society Museum holds his medals, uniform, and sword, as well the propeller from one of his planes.

List of victories
Historians have struggled to develop a definitive list of Dallas's victories; Adrian Hellwig, in the bibliography to his 2006 biography, lists over a dozen previous historians that have investigated the subject. He also refers to his difficulties in reconciling previous accounts. Several claim-by-claim analyses ascribe Dallas a score of 32 aircraft shot down, but he was officially credited with 39, and with being second only to Robert Little—who was credited with 47—among Australian aces. Dallas's unofficial tally has been estimated at over 50. This list is a compilation of claim-by-claim analyses that follow, as much as possible, the British system of confirming victory: pilot log entries and/or combat reports did not count, unless verified by squadron or higher levels of command. Thus, inclusion of a confirmed victory in this list has depended on verification by the Squadron Record Book, and/or by RNAS/RAF Communique or other reliable secondary source verification. Victories not confirmed by these methods are marked "u/c".

title: Roderic Dallas


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Let's Get Lost (1988 film)

Let's Get Lost is a 1988 American documentary film, written and directed by Bruce Weber, about the turbulent life and career of jazz trumpeter Chet Baker, who died four months before the film's release. The title is derived from the song "Let's Get Lost" by Jimmy McHugh and Frank Loesser from the 1943 film Happy Go Lucky, which Baker recorded for Pacific Records.

Synopsis
A group of people who knew Baker, ranging from ex-associates to ex-wives and children, talk about him and his life. Weber's film traces the musician's career from the 1950s, playing with jazz greats like Charlie Parker, Gerry Mulligan, and Russ Freeman, to the 1980s, when his heroin addiction and domestic indifference led to a relocation to Europe. By juxtaposing these two decades, Weber presents a sharp contrast between the younger, handsome Baker — the statuesque idol who resembled a mix of James Dean and Jack Kerouac — to what he became, “a seamy looking drugstore cowboy-cum-derelict”, as J. Hoberman put it in his Village Voice review.

Let's Get Lost begins near the end of Baker's life, on the beaches of Santa Monica, and ends at the Cannes Film Festival. Weber uses these moments in the present as bookends to the historic footage contained in the bulk of the film. The documentation ranges from vintage photographs by William Claxton in 1953 to appearances on The Steve Allen Show and kitschy, low budget Italian films Baker did for quick money. Musician Michael "Flea" Balzary appears briefly, discussing trumpet playing with Baker.

Development
Bruce Weber first became interested in Chet Baker when he spotted a photograph of the musician in a Pittsburgh record store on the cover of the 1955 vinyl LP Chet Baker Sings and Plays when he was 16 years old; the film's title comes from a song from the album.

Weber first met Baker in the winter of 1986 at a club in New York City and convinced him to do a photo shoot and what was originally only going to be a three-minute film. Weber had wanted to make a short film from an Oscar Levant song called "Blame It on My Youth". They had such a good time together that Baker started opening up to Weber. Afterwards, Weber convinced Baker to make a longer film and the musician agreed. Filming began in January 1987. Interviewing Baker was a challenge as Weber remembers, "Sometimes we'd have to stop for some reason or another and then, because Chet was a junkie and couldn't do things twice, we'd have to start all over again. But we grew to really like him".

"You'd decide that, when Chet finally gets up, you'll grab him and talk to him about the early days", Weber expanded to Time Out. "But then Chet gets here, and he's had a fight with his girlfriend, and he wants to record a song… So what happens is that your world becomes like a jazz suite. You have to go along with him".

In May 1987, when Weber's documentary Broken Noses premiered at the Cannes Film Festival, he brought Baker along to shoot footage for Let's Get Lost. Weber spent a million dollars of his own money on the documentary and filmed it when he had the time and the money, describing it as "a very ad hoc film".

Reception and legacy
Let's Get Lost had its world premiere at the 1988 Toronto International Film Festival, four months after Chet Baker's death.

The documentary was well received by critics and currently has a 93% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Entertainment Weekly gave the film an "A−" rating and said that Weber "created just about the only documentary that works like a novel, inviting you to read between the lines of Baker's personality until you touch the secret sadness at the heart of his beauty". In her review for the Los Angeles Times, Carina Chocano wrote, "If there's a driving force to Weber's film, it seems to be delving into the nature and purpose of star quality and personal magnetism, which Baker had in droves but which didn't save him". In his review for The Washington Post, Hal Hinson wrote that what Weber "provides us is rapturous, deeply involving, and more than a little puzzling". Terrence Rafferty, in his review for The New York Times, wrote, "The enduring fascination of Let's Get Lost, the reason it remains powerful even now, when every value it represents is gone, is that it's among the few movies that deal with the mysterious, complicated emotional transactions involved in the creation of pop culture — and with the ambiguous process by which performers generate desire".

A newly restored print was screened at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival.

The film was spoofed on the mockumentary series Documentary Now as Long Gone.

Awards
Let's Get Lost was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 1989.

It won the Critics Prize at the Venice Film Festival.

Musical score and soundtrack
The film score features performances by Baker from the 1950s and 1960s along with newly recorded performances from 1987 and the soundtrack album was released on the RCA Novus label (full title Chet Baker Sings and Plays from the Film "Let's Get Lost") in 1989.

"Baker is my favourite vocalist of the century," Björk told Q. "There were two albums – both with the same title, ridiculously – which were released with Bruce Weber's film of his life, Let's Get Lost. One was recorded when the film was being made, when he was older, and the other with all the stuff he sung when he was young, which I prefer… he's the only singer I've ever been able to identify with. I love the fact he's so expressive, so overemotional. It's classic stuff; it makes me soft in my knees… He was so into it: like, 'Fuck those notes I'm singing, and fuck those songs I'm singing – what I want is the emotion.' That's how I feel about it too."

Baker's recording of "Chetty's Lullaby" with Ennio Morricone as conductor of his orchestra was also featured in the film. Baker brought his 1985 recording of "So Hard To Know" from Brazil to include in the film.

Reception
Lindsay Planer of AllMusic retrospectively stated, "Even though time and substances have given Baker the visage of a man twice his age, those inimitable pipes and velvet tone have worn surprisingly well. The track list is quite literally replete with something old, new, borrowed, and blue ... Ironically, the title song "Let's Get Lost" isn't on this album. While the tune was in the documentary, it is the familiar 1956 version. This leads to one of the primary criticisms that can be leveled at this collection – it would have been well served by a supplementary volume of vintage Baker featured in the movie, although presumably licensing prohibited such".

Track listing

 * 1) "Moon & Sand" (Alec Wilder, Morty Palitz, William Engvick) – 5:30
 * 2) "Imagination" (Jimmy Van Heusen, Johnny Burke) – 4:52
 * 3) "You're My Thrill" (Jay Gorney, Sidney Clare) – 4:59
 * 4) "For Heaven's Sake" (Sherman Edwards, Elise Bretton, Donald Meyer) – 4:51 Additional track on CD release
 * 5) "Every Time We Say Goodbye" (Cole Porter) – 4:48
 * 6) "I Don't Stand a Ghost of a Chance with You" (Victor Young, Bing Crosby, Ned Washington) – 5:03 Additional track on CD release
 * 7) "Day Dream" (Billy Strayhorn, Duke Ellington, John La Touche) – 5:00
 * 8) "Zingaro" (Antônio Carlos Jobim) – 7:33
 * 9) "Blame It on My Youth" (Oscar Levant, Edward Heyman) – 6:18
 * 10) "My One and Only Love" (Guy Wood, Robert Mellin) – 5:30
 * 11) "Everything Happens to Me" (Tom Adair, Matt Dennis) – 5:19 Additional track on CD release
 * 12) "Almost Blue" (Elvis Costello) – 3:13

Musicians

 * Chet Baker – trumpet, vocals
 * Frank Strazzeri, piano
 * John Leftwich – bass
 * Ralph Penland – drums (tracks 1, 3-6)
 * Nicola Stilo – guitar (track 8)

Home media
Let's Get Lost was released on VHS and Laserdisc in Japan by Nippon Columbia on November 21, 1993.

Let's Get Lost was originally going to be released on DVD in 2007 along with an expanded version of the film's soundtrack. According to Weber, the DVD was to be released in December 2007 but failed to do so. The DVD was released in the United Kingdom on July 28, 2008. The DVD was finally released in the United States by Docurama on December 3, 2013. A Blu-ray edition was released in Italy for Region B.

It is also available for streaming and downloading.

source: wikimedia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Let's Get Lost (1988 film)


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North Macedonia at the 2020 Summer Olympics

North Macedonia competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the nation's seventh consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics and the first under the country's new name. North Macedonia won their first ever silver medal, won by Dejan Georgievski in the Men's +80 kg event in Taekwondo, with the nation having previously only received a bronze medal.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Athletics
North Macedonia received a universality slot from the World Athletics to send a male track athlete.

 * Key
 * Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
 * Q = Qualified for the next round
 * q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
 * NR = National record
 * N/A = Round not applicable for the event
 * Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

 * Track & road events

Judo
North Macedonia entered one female judoka after International Judo Federation awarded them a tripartite invitation quota.

Karate
North Macedonia received an invitation from the Tripartite Commission to send Puleksenija Jovanoska in the women's kata event.

 * Kata

Shooting
North Macedonia received an invitation from the Tripartite Commission to send a men's air pistol shooter.

Swimming
North Macedonia received universality invitations from FINA to send two top-ranked swimmers (one per gender) in their respective individual events, based on the FINA Points System of June 28, 2021.

Taekwondo
North Macedonia entered one athlete into the taekwondo competition at the Games for the first time in history. Dejan Georgievski secured a spot in the men's heavyweight category (+80 kg) with a top two finish at the 2021 European Qualification Tournament in Sofia, Bulgaria.

Wrestling
For the first time since Beijing 2008, North Macedonia qualified one wrestler for the men's freestyle 97 kg, as a result of a top six finish at the 2019 World Championships.

Key:
 * VT (ranking points: 5–0 or 0–5) – Victory by fall.
 * VB (ranking points: 5–0 or 0–5) – Victory by injury (VF for forfeit, VA for withdrawal or disqualification)
 * PP (ranking points: 3–1 or 1–3) – Decision by points – the loser with technical points.
 * PO (ranking points: 3–0 or 0–3) – Decision by points – the loser without technical points.
 * ST (ranking points: 4–0 or 0–4) – Great superiority – the loser without technical points and a margin of victory of at least 8 (Greco-Roman) or 10 (freestyle) points.
 * SP (ranking points: 4–1 or 1–4) – Technical superiority – the loser with technical points and a margin of victory of at least 8 (Greco-Roman) or 10 (freestyle) points.

 * Freestyle


text:
limbus

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  A border of an anatomical part, such as the edge of the cornea.

Noun

 * 1) limbo

Etymology
. Possibly:
 * from, the same tentative root as 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬, a nasal-infixed form of ;
 * or from, whence 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A border, edge
 * 2) hem, fringe, tassel
 * 3)  limbo
 * 1)  limbo
 * 1)  limbo

Etymology
From ; compare.

Noun

 * 1)  limbo waiting place for souls

title: limbus


text:
User:MayraV14/sandbox

Maria Abdy was a famous women English poet in the 19th century.

Personal Life and Work
She was married to John Channing Abdy and gave birth to one son. Maria Abdys work was fundamentally based on religion.

Annotations
1. Virginia Hromulak, "Consecrating the romantic pen: Hemans and Abdy in the literary annual" (January 1, 2010). ETD Collection for Fordham University. Paper AAI3416000. http://fordham.bepress.com/dissertations/AAI3416000

In this article Hromulak reveals the ideas behind Maria Abdys work by connecting her to another poet named Hemans. Also, she emphasizes that Abdy was influenced by her association in the “gift book market” which was an annual exchange between readers and writers. It reveals the subjects of Abdys work which were mainly about marriage and religion which were looked down upon in the patriarchal society. This source applies to Wikipedias reliable source standards because it is a secondary source which gives information.

2. Feldman, Paula R. British Women Poets of the Romantic Era: An Anthology. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997. Print. In this book it reveals Maria Abdy personal life and background such as her family and why she wrote her poems. At the beginning of the book Feldman emphasizes that one of her poems was based on her child. Although she was not allowed to voice her opinions, Abdy had an interest in the world and science. Throughout the chapter, it is revealed that she published her work in magazines, books, etc. Her subjects were mainly based on social matters and what she believed needed to be changed. Lastly, the book includes many of her poems and Feldmans observations in order to better understand Maria Abdy.s work. This source is relevant to Maria Abdy's page because it helps construct an idea of her life and also it meets Wikipedias reliable source standards because it is a secondary source that was published by John Hopkins University and also an academic source.

3. Ashfield, Andrew. Romantic Women Poets, 1770-1838: Volume 1. Manchester, U.K: Manchester University Press, 1997. Print.

In this book it also emphasizes Maria Abdy's life. It explains when she started writing and also her family.Like the book above, it includes many different poems which analyze her life work. It informs the reader how many poems and books she published. It seems as though she lived a successful life with her poetry contributing to it. This source meets the Wikipedia reliable sources standards because it is a secondary source, published by a creditable writer, and an academic source.

title: User:MayraV14/sandbox


text:
Talk:Dave Camp

External link to critical blog
The link to the critical site should be allowed under external links for the following reasons:

1. There is no clear standard or template for these pages. Some pages have links to critical sites.

2. The reason "wikipedia is not a directory for blogs" is insufficient. According to wiki rules, Wikipedia is not a directory at all, yet there are still external links.

3. In researching the rules on Wikipedia, no reference to blogs was found, other than "wikipedia is not a blog."

4. The site in question has been clearly identified as a critical site not paid for by any party or candidate. There is no attempt to deceive or compromise the neutrality of the content of this page.

Please produce the relevant wiki rule, or a sufficient reason as to why the site should not be included. If we have this information we will not add the link again.

Thanks —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Truth team (talk • contribs) 13:11, 17 February 2007 (UTC).

Several Dave Camps
Quote: "So between a jazz musician, a murderer, and a congressperson, all called 'Dave Camp', I have a lot of pressure to be evil." - GNOME's Dave Camp

So I came here to see who the jazz musician, murderer and congressperson were, but only the congressperson has a page. Surely jazz musicians and murderers, if not GNOME developers, are at least somewhat noteworthy? Maybe someone would like to take a look into this? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:10, 14 July 2009 (UTC)

Article title should be "Dave Camp"
The name by which he is enrolled in Congress is Dave Camp. The article should be titled Dave Camp and the David Lee Camp article should redirect to the Dave Camp article (or to the "Dave Camp (politician)" article).

(If we leave the article this way, then we will have to change Jimmy Carter's article to "James Earl Carter" and Bill Bradley's article to "William Warren Bradley".)

<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:50, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

The result of the move request was: page moved   A rbitrarily 0    ( talk ) 01:16, 25 July 2011 (UTC)

David Lee Camp → Dave Camp — Per WP:NCP, article titles should not include middle names, unless it is the most common form used in reliable sources, which it is not. He is enrolled in Congress as Dave and most reliable sources name him as Dave, therefore the article title should be Dave.  Theking 17825  16:10, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's policy on article titles.

 * Support per style guidelines Bakkster Man (talk) 16:55, 18 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Support as that is the name he goes by in official circles. Steelbeard1 (talk) 17:10, 18 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Support- Since 'Dave Camp' redirects here, currently default primary topic, and is the form used by the individual. Dru of Id (talk) 08:50, 19 July 2011 (UTC)

Aharon Friedman
Be careful not to give WP:UNDUE weight to the Aharon Friedman scandal, particularly as it relates to 'recentism'. Be sure that the amount of time spent talking about the topic is proportional to how important it is to the representative overall. Bear in mind this is not a news article, it is an encyclopedia article, and should be relevant years from now. Also note that there is a 'social media campaign' intending to put pressure on Mr. Camp over this issue, but Wikipedia is not the place to place that pressure. Bakkster Man (talk) 14:54, 1 March 2012 (UTC)

 * This article is about Dave Camp, not Aharon Friedman. The recent addition violates WP:COAT and WP:UNDUE and should be removed. Gobōnobo  + c 18:14, 1 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Which recent addition? The three sentence summary, or the long 'expose'? Bakkster Man (talk) 18:20, 1 March 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm just speaking to the multiple paragraph version for now. Gobōnobo  + c 18:25, 1 March 2012 (UTC)

Dave Camp's connection to Aharon Friedman, and his refusal to address the issue has been widely reported. The growing number of reports about Camp's connection to this scandal includes some by major news outlets such as Fox News, The Huffington Post, and Politico among others too numerous to list here. To neglect mention of this criticism would constitute less than a full account of Camp's experience as an elected official.--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:08, 6 March 2012 (UTC)

 * I'm going to disagree on the 'widely reported' claim. There is relatively little coverage in the mainstream media. Aside from a few articles, the bulk has been social media, Jewish media, and political blogs (Huffington Post in particular). HuffPo and Politico are not 'major news outlets', Washington Post, New York Times, CBS News are. The NYT article we have cited here isn't even linked on their page as being 'about' Dave Camp. Both the NYT and Fox News seem to have just a single article on the topic. Washington Post seems to only have an entry in their religious blog, and Camp is mentioned just once.
 * I'm not saying it won't blow up bigger or that this shouldn't be discussed, but I think we need to be careful to give this due weight in the Dave Camp article. Put another way, how much information is needed to fully cover Camp's public actions, and how can we accurately reflect how important an action was with how much exposition we spend on it? Is it our encyclopedic goal to spend more or less time on this incident in relation to the rest of his tenure?
 * Perhaps the List of federal political scandals in the United States page is a better place for this topic? Even then, I doubt at this point it is notable enough to be there, it just doesn't have the widespread outrage or coverage to be worth noting. Unless this explodes in popularity, I doubt the average person would remember it within a few months (assuming they have even heard about it today). Bakkster Man (talk) 16:42, 6 March 2012 (UTC)

 * I disagree with the alleged requirement that criticisms leveled must be those which the "average person would remember." Wikipedia is a repository of knowledge, and includes more information than the "average person would remember." That said, this criticism of Camp has been widely reported.  The issue has appeared in more than just one or two articles; rather it has appeared in  multiple articles in major new outlets like Fox, the New York Times and Politico, in addition to articles in widely read Jewish press like The Forward and the New York Jewish Week, which have readership in the hundreds of thousands.  This does not even include the outrage in the bloggosphere and in other less read publications.  This is more than a mere blip, it is a significant issue.  --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:00, 6 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Here is an excerpt from the policy WP:UNDUE.
 * "An article should not give undue weight to any aspects of the subject but should strive to treat each aspect with a weight appropriate to its significance to the subject. For example, discussion of isolated events, criticisms, or news reports about a subject may be verifiable and neutral, but still be disproportionate to their overall significance to the article topic. This is a concern especially in relation to recent events that may be in the news. Note that undue weight can be given in several ways, including, but not limited to, depth of detail, quantity of text, prominence of placement, and juxtaposition of statements."
 * I'm willing to let you prove me wrong. Show me widespread, mainstream coverage. Politico, HuffPo, and the Jewish press are not mainstream. A single article by each of the mainstream sources means these media outlets did not deem the topic worthy of continuing coverage. The fact that they usually only mention Camp once should further indicate that this incident has very little notability with regards to Dave Camp. It doesn't matter if it's true, but whether it is truly worthy of coverage in the article.
 * "An article might have a disproportionately large "criticism" section, giving the impression that the nominal subject is hotly contested by many people, when in fact the criticism is merely selected opinions. This, too, gives the reader a false impression about reality even though the details may be true."
 * Again, this seems to be a minority complaint, one barely notable as is for the 3 sentences it gets. I'm sure I can find many other minority complaints, but which more directly reflect on Camp rather than his staffers, but they are still minor in the overall picture. Bakkster Man (talk) 18:25, 6 March 2012 (UTC)

For the sake of getting more eyes on this topic, I am requesting comment from other editors. At issue is whether a religious dispute of an otherwise non-notable congressional staffer and the congressman's response to it is worthy of inclusion in the criticism section of the congressman's entry. If so, how much of the article should be spent discussing it? Beyond that, is primarily non-mainstream media attention justification for inclusion in an article? Is this topic attempting to use the Dave Camp article as a coatrack? Bakkster Man (talk) 19:15, 6 March 2012 (UTC)

To add another article to the growing list, here is one from the hill. So there is continuing coverage in the Jewish press, which is read by hundreds of thousands of readers, and there is headline coverage (if not yet continuing) coverage in mainstream press read by millions, including Fox News, Washington Post, the New York Times. Dave Camp's name appears in the headline of these articles, or is otherwise the main subject of these articles. The news has had continuing coverage in political and Jewish press, and this has spilled into the mainstream press. This criticism merits at least passing mention on Dave Camp's page.--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:17, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

 * I can agree with passing coverage on this article, the same kind of coverage the mainstream media is giving it. If they start providing continuing coverage, then I will reevaluate. I wouldn't say Dave Camp is the main subject of the articles, though. Friedman is the main subject, Camp is just the reason Friedman's case has any notability beyond the affected communities. Bakkster Man (talk) 13:04, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

I'm responding to a request for comment - I have no prior involvement with this article, and am not familiar with the specific issue, other than what I am reading in the sources appended to the article over the last bunch of edits. I have a few comments beyond the question, which I hope will help here.
 * 1) First, I think the "Controversies" subsection is inappropriate and should be removed - in general controversies and criticisms should be worked into the text at appropriate places, if included at all.
 * 2) The statement "Camp has been accused of being a rubber stamp for various entities." is meaningless to the reader - that can't stand as written, even with citations. What entities?  By whom? If included at all, that should be moved up to the first paragraph of "Tenure", and it should be spelled out a bit, something along the lines of  'Camp has been accused of being a "rubber stamp" for Wall Street interests and other conservative causes.' or whatever it is you want to say, but not the vague "various entities".
 * 3) While I understand why folks want to include something about Friedman, the specifics of his marriage, divorce, and religious divorce or lack of same, you have to demonstrate a real connection of these issues to Dave Camp beyond the fact that Friedman works for him. So if Friedman's personal situation affects his work - for example, if the House Ethics committee were to decide to investigate this, as Rabbi Herzfeld requested (see The Hill), there would likely be more sources discussing this and Camp would presumably have more substantive statements of support or lack of support, than "it's gossip". And if he, Camp, were drawn into this matter, it could possibly belong here - but only if it is really notable for his life.  But at this point it seems to me to be at most a developing story, with not enough relevant to Camp to make it notable for Camp's article.  Let's remember that this is a biography of Camp - his life and career - and not an article about his staff, unless things involving his staff have an effect on Camp's tenure as Representative, or he takes a stand on the issues, or has to testify, etc.  Now, I'd say none of it really belongs in this article.  But, I say again that I am only going by the sources I saw mentioned here, and I would encourage editors to do some research and see if there is actually more material available regarding its connection to Camp.
 * 4) I do think this is an interesting story that might have a place in the encyclopedia, but I just don't see - at the present moment - a compelling argument for including it in this particular article. (Just for the record, my personal opinion about the subject, as opposed to its appropriateness here, is that based on what I've read Friedman is dead wrong, and all pressure should be brought on him to abandon his unacceptable stance regarding his former wife.  But I don't think this is the place to do it.)

I hope this is helpful. Tvoz / talk 01:34, 10 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Tvoz. Darkness Shines (talk) 10:23, 27 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Uninvolved editor, through RfC page: Tvoz' points are well taken and well stated.  At present, the "rubber stamp" is the only part of this discussion still active in the article-- the Controversy section having been deleted.  Criticism and controversies are appropriate, but the Friedman and "rubber stamp" discussions are ill-fit, here.-- cregil   (talk)  04:03, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Section re-added, with the same issues, especially undue weight. I've contacted the editor, and may seek further input at the BLP noticeboard, especially if this has the whiff of a slow long-term edit war. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:31, 5 October 2012 (UTC)

← Yes, I've removed the section as it is currently written based on the discussion above and the lack of support for its inclusion in March when it was first raised. While obviously there is a connection between Friedman and Camp, it has not be shown that this matter has had any effect on Camp's career or his life, and those are the criteria we use for inclusion in his biography. I would suggest to the editor who finds this matter to be compelling for inclusion in the encyclopedia that he or she write a separate stand-alone article about Aharon Friedman, and source it well, and see if passes our notability guidelines - it very well might. Then a link here to that article might be appropriate. But at this point, I don't see how we can shoehorn it into this piece. And while I personally still think that Friedman's actions are reprehensible, that doesn't mean they are appropriate to add here - unless there is more to the story regarding Camp that I've missed. Tvoz / talk 23:50, 5 October 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dave Camp


text:
Active Server Pages/Differences between ASP 3.0 and ASP.NET

The most important difference between ASP and ASP.Net is that ASP uses interpreted VBScript or JScript, and ASP.net uses any .Net language (including VB.Net, C#, J#, etc.) compiled.

ASP 3.0 left all its code in the front of the application. There was no way for a programmer to "hide" the sensitive code which he or she may not want anybody to see. The fact that the code was interpreted also slowed performance. ASP.NET allows the programmer to create dynamic link libraries containing the sensitive code. This may be a disadvantage from an open-source perspective but compiling code into dll's greatly improves performance.

ASP.NET is firmly rooted in XML. Customarily, the dlls that ASP.NET creates start out as namespaces. All of the classes in the namespaces are then compiled into a single dll binary.

 * 1) ASP is mostly written using VB Script and HTML intermixed. Presentation and business logic is intermixed while ASP.NET can be written in several .NET compliant languages such as C# or VB.NET.
 * 2) ASP has maximum of 4 built in classes like Request, Response, Session and Application whereas ASP.NET using .NET framework classes which has more than 2000 built-in classes.
 * 3) ASP does not have any server based components whereas ASP.NET offers several server based components like Button, TextBox etc. and event driven processing can be done at server.
 * 4) ASP doesn't support Page level transactions whereas ASP.NET supports Page level transactions.
 * 5) ASP.NET offers web development for mobile devices which alters the content type (wml or chtml etc.) based on the device.
 * 6) ASP.NET allows separation of business and presentation logic because the code need not be included directly in the *.aspx page.
 * 7) ASP.NET uses languages which are fully object oriented languages like C# and also supports cross language support.
 * 8) ASP.NET offers support for Web Services and rich data structures like DataSet which allows disconnected data processing.


text:
Peace studies/Peace in Buddhism

''This learning project is brought to you by the Division of Peace Studies. When contributing to this learning project, please adhere to the Peace Studies learning project guidlines and the Peace Studies learning project template.''

Learning Materials

 * Including links to learning materials in wikiversity, wikipedia, and on the internet.

List of Buddhist Centered Magazines

Dharma Life - A resource for finding information about the continued melding of Buddhism and modern life.

Reading List
Ideally, readings should be available on the internet, and the links made available. Give a brief summary of each reading, and possibly some questions with which to address the text. Readings that are unavailable on the internet should be referenced in the following way:

 * Author, A., Title of Book (Location: Publisher, Year of Publication).

Assignments

 * Edit and improve this learning project.

title: Peace studies/Peace in Buddhism


text:
Sentir

"Sentir" is a song recorded by Cuban recording artist Jon Secada for his debut self-titled studio album and for his debut Spanish-language album Otro Día Más Sin Verte (1992). It was released in 1993 as the fourth single from his Spanish-language album. The Spanish version peaked at number one on the US Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart, making Secada the first Hispanic artist to do so. It was composed by Secada, Miguel Morejon, and Joseph Stefano, while Emilio Estefan Jr. produced the piece.

Production and success
Jon Secada was the backup vocalist for Cuban singer Gloria Estefan in 1989. Secada became close friends with Gloria and her husband, Emilio Estefan Jr., who helped guide Secada into the music business. Secada released his self-titled debut album in 1992 with SBK Records. The recording made up of English-language compositions and two Spanish-language tracks. It was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting shipments of three million copies. Secada, with the help from Emilio, decided to release an all Spanish-language album. During the recording sessions, Secada confirmed that Gloria helped translate his English-language recordings into Spanish. He said that she told him to record songs that he would be comfortably fine with singing throughout his career as a singer. She also told them not to "translate everything literally" but to "keep the same theme of the song in play."

"Sentir" was released as the fourth single from his Spanish album. It peaked at number one on the US Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart ending on July 3, 1993. Secada became the first Latin artist to place four number one singles from a single album on the US Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart. Spanish Latin pop singer Enrique Iglesias broke Secada's record with five number one singles from his self-titled album in 1997. "Sentir" was the seventh best-performing Latin single on the Hot Latin Tracks year-end chart in 1993.

Credits and personnel
Credits are taken from the album's liner notes.

 * Jon Secada — vocals, composer
 * Miguel Morejon — composer
 * Joseph Stefano — composer
 * Emilio Estefan Jr. — producer

title: Sentir


text:
Talk:Doctor Who specials (2013)/GA1

GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''

Reviewer: Kingsif (talk · contribs) 02:38, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

Style

 * lead good length for article
 * Good style for episode summaries
 * Maybe move McCoy's statement in Casting down to where it mentions McGann as being a surprise return, they seem fairly linked
 * Besides that, Casting well written, avoiding being a list by good context
 * In Writing could perhaps elaborate in the body text that Eleventh Hour was his first episode, but otherwise good, too.
 * Might do with a

at the bottom so the Filming header sits below the quote, but not needed
 * Filming section mentions Coleman as "Jenna-Louise" - probably best to put as just Jenna
 * "The final two days of production were taken with..." seems dialectical, perhaps "The final two days of production were used for..."
 * Check tense in "Watch is broadcasting two episodes per weekend, starting on 12 October."
 * First sentence of the Radio subsection has poor grammar and punctuation, so I'm not sure what's really intended after the semi-colon, could you clear this up for readers?
 * Critical reception written well and evenly
 * All else good
 * Needs attention - a few things for clean up
 * ✅ Moved McCoy's statement, added "Smith's first episode as the Eleventh Doctor", added clear, copyedited production sentence, Watch sentence and Radio's first sentence. -- / Alex /21  13:12, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

Coverage

 * Lead covers important info of article, could maybe mention being released several times but doesn't feel necessary
 * Good contextual introduction to episode lists, which have good summaries and appropriate wikilinks
 * Does Joanna Page need to be introduced with 'Gavin & Stacey'? Seems unnecessary since she has her own article.
 * Writing section seems a little bare, but also there doesn't seem to much about it to include
 * And if referring to Georgia Moffett (two 't's) as Tennant's wife, it might also be mentioned that she's also Davison's daughter and played the Doctor's daughter; perhaps give her no introduction to save this space (and because she arguably deserves a spot in the 'connected to DW' list rather than being in an addendum as someone's wife), and mention the children at the end of the list as "Tennant and Moffett's"
 * The four elements of the "50th Anniversary" subsection don't belong under 'Release'. And, I really think they don't belong in the article since they're not actual DW specials (and some only radio talk shows about DW). Perhaps a split to a separate article on the 50th Anniversary of Doctor Who, for which other things could be included, too, would be appropriate?
 * All else good
 * Some suggestions
 * Not sure what "released several times" means? Also, the 50th anniversary content definitely belongs under Release, as they were all special releases released in 2013, matching the article's title of "2013 specials". If we moved that content to a separate article, then we would have to move TDOTD episode there too, as that's the main 50th anniversary release, leaving only TTOTD content here, then it wouldn't be about the 2013 specials at all. Multiple redirects related to "50th anniversary" already link to here and TDOTD article . Creating a 50th anniversary article could have been beneficial in 2013, when there was such a high level of traffic due to it being the 50th anniversary, but we're now 6 years later, meaning very minimal effort by other editors would be put into the idea that "other things could be included". -- / Alex /21  13:26, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * ✅ Remove Gavin & Stacey link, expanded on Writing and included a "Further reading" link (as there's plenty of Writing material in TDOTD article), fixed Georgia Moffett and expanded on her role. -- / Alex /21  13:26, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Fair points, yes. Kingsif (talk) 16:12, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * By 'released several times' I was referring to the multiple DVDs that contain different episodes. Sorry that wasn't clear. Kingsif (talk) 16:14, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * ✅ -- / Alex /21  16:19, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

Illustration

 * Good use of cast photos
 * Box set cover for infobox under fair use
 * Episode tables, tables, and quote box used well within format and for purpose
 * Maybe director/writer/producer table could go at the top of Production (before Writing subsection)
 * Pass - one suggestion, though
 * The location of the production blocks table conforms with the layout of previous series articles as the last entry of the Filming section. -- / Alex /21  13:28, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks, good to match! Kingsif (talk) 16:11, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

Neutrality

 * Good throughout
 * Pass

Verifiability

 * sources look good
 * Everything cited inline
 * In Ratings, the TotD as second in ratings, just from the title I think you've got the wrong ref there (upon reading, it mentions the time it is to be aired, nothing about the actual broadcast) - swap it for [86]
 * Pass - one issue with simple fix
 * ✅ Rating fixed. -- / Alex /21  13:30, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

Stability

 * massively expanded this month
 * good enough, one main editor, only productive
 * Pass

Copyright

 * Clean check
 * Fair use infobox image has rationale
 * Pass

Overall

 * Just a few things to be looked at Kingsif (talk) 02:38, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * , thanks for taking this review up! I've gone through and updated the article based on your suggestions and fixes. I've made several comments in their respective sections above. Cheers! -- / Alex /21  13:33, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Great - I clarified one point above, but that's about all that's left. Kingsif (talk) 16:15, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * All done! -- / Alex /21  16:19, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Symbol support vote.svg Thanks for such a quick response! Kingsif (talk) 16:35, 22 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Doctor Who specials (2013)/GA1


text:
User:AllOfTheThings

Hello! Is this thing on? Welcome to my user page. I'm still not quite ready to start editing articles (besides this one), but thanks to the Wikipedia + Libraries: Better Together course that I'm taking, I soon will be.

title: User:AllOfTheThings


text:
Talk:Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Liberal Party of Canada candidates, 1993 Canadian federal election. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:43, 22 December 2017 (UTC)


text:
The Giant Is Awakened

The Giant is Awakened is the debut album by American jazz pianist/composer Horace Tapscott recorded in 1969 and released on the Flying Dutchman label.

Reception
AllMusic awarded the album 4½ stars. The Chicago Reader noted "Tapscott was leery of the music business in general, and of this deal in particular—and considering a promise that he'd be involved in the mixing process was subsequently broken, his skepticism was prescient. He didn't record again for another decade, and then only for small independents like Nimbus and Interplay. In any case, as listeners, we should be grateful Tapscott agreed to make The Giant at all".

Lloyd Sachs, writing for DownBeat, called the album "A sometimes hypnotic, sometimes starkly expressive reflection of those fractious times," and commented: "With its swooshing effects and two bassists... the album is ahead of its time. To the great disappointment of those who thrilled at this music, Tapscott didn't make another recording for 10 years. But Giant is as enrapturing now as it was then."

Track listing
All compositions by Horace Tapscott except as noted
 * 1) "The Giant Is Awakened" - 17:23
 * 2) "For Fats" (Arthur Blythe) - 2:20
 * 3) "The Dark Tree" - 7:01
 * 4) "Niger's Theme" - 11:55

Personnel

 * Horace Tapscott - piano
 * Arthur Blythe - alto saxophone
 * David Bryant, Walter Savage Jr. - bass
 * Everett Brown Jr. - drums

title: The Giant Is Awakened


text:
Talk:David Fisher (writer)

Nationality?
Several circumstances hint he has UK origins; more info should be sought. --Jerzy•t 17:19, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on David Fisher (writer). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive https://archive.is/20121223160845/http://www.personal.leeds.ac.uk/~ecl6nb/OnTarget/authors/fish/fisher.htm to http://www.personal.leeds.ac.uk/~ecl6nb/OnTarget/authors/fish/fisher.htm

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:51, 5 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Fisher (writer)


text:
Anthology 1992–1994

Anthology 1992–1994 is a compilation album by American electro-industrial group Spahn Ranch, released on June 13, 2000, by Cleopatra Records.

Music
The album comprises the band's first four releases: Spahn Ranch (1992), Collateral Damage (1993) and The Blackmail Starters Kit (1994) and Breath and Taxes (1994). The collection also features three songs previously unreleased in Spahn Ranch's main discography: "Machine Politics" from The Whip (1993), "Failsafe" from The Colours of Zoth Ommog (1994) and "Reinventing Gravity", which was originally credited to Coersion, from Trance in Your Mind: The Unstoppable Trance Machine (1994). The track "Tour Intro 1994" was recorded during a live performance in New York City.

Reception
AllMusic awarded Anthology 1992–1994 four out of five stars and said "noisy, abrasive and forceful, Ranch provided some of the most memorable industrial grooves of the 1990s." Music critic Dave Thompson emphasized the importance of the collection by noting that its release was long overdue.

Personnel
Adapted from the album's liner notes.

Spahn Ranch
 * Scott Franklin – lead vocals (2.11–2.14)
 * Matt Green – sampler, keyboards, production (1.1–1.11), mixing (1.1–1.11) , remixer (1.3, 2.3) , guitar and bass (2.11–2.14)
 * Harry Lewis – percussion (1.12, 1.13, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.7)
 * Athan Maroulis – lead vocals (1.1–1.13, 2.1–2.10), mixing (1.1–1.13) , remixer (2.4)
 * Rob Morton – programming, sampler, production (1.1–1.11, 2.11–2.14), loops (1.1–1.11) , mixing (1.1–1.13)

Production and design
 * Judson Leach – engineering, mixing (1.12, 1.13, 2.1–2.7), additional programming (1.4, 2.5) , remixer (2.1–2.4)
 * Eunah Lee – design
 * Rod O'Brien – production, engineering and mixing (2.11–2.14)

title: Anthology 1992–1994


text:
C Programming/Flow Control

Objective

 * Familiarise yourself with control structures.
 * Learn how to use  statements.
 * Learn how to use the  statement.
 * Learn how to use the  loop.
 * Learn how to use the  loop.
 * Learn how to use the  loop.

if ... else
This structure lets the program perform one of two actions, depending on the value of an expression. Its basic structure is:

If a branch contains only one statement, the  are optional. You can use an  without an accompanying.

An example of if ... else in action:

Statement 2 can be an if statement, which can be used to create an if ... else if ... else structure, e.g:

switch ... case ... default
The switch statement will go to one of several locations, depending on the value of an expression. The last example can be written using a switch statement as:

A few notes:
 * The control statement (in this example the variable ) has to have integral type (character, short integer, integer bit-field, all of these signed or not, or an object of enumeration type); integral promotion will ensure the type is either   or.
 * The  statement ensures execution does not fall through to the next statement.
 * Control passes to the  label if none of the other case constants match the value of the control expression; if there is no   statement, none of the sub-statement of the switch is executed.

for loops
The  statement has the format:

is usually variable initialization;  is the condition that keeps the loop active, usually a relational expression;   is usually an increment or decrement of one or more variables. If the loop contains only one statement, the  are optional. Here is an example of the for loop in action:

,, and   can be omitted since these are optional. When  is omitted, the condition is assumed permanently true. Although you can omit parts of a for statement, you'll still need to separate the omitted parts with a semicolon.

while loops
A  loop has the following format:

is evaluated. If it is true (non-zero) the body of the loop, the, is executed;   is then re-evaluated and if true the body is executed again. Only when  is false (zero) will   be skipped and the loop terminated. If the loop contains only one statement, the  are optional.

do ... while loops
This is the format of the  iteration statement:

is executed repeatedly as long as  evaluates to anything but zero. If the loop contains only one statement, the  are optional. Here is an example of a do...while loop in action:

This will loop repeatedly, asking for input, until either  or   is entered. Note: A do...while loop is guaranteed to run at least once.

title: C Programming/Flow Control


text:
Catherine Benson

Catherine Benson (born February 10, 1992) is an American rugby union player.

2016–22
Benson debuted for the in 2016. She was selected for the squad to the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup in Ireland. She also played at the 2016 Women's Rugby Super Series in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Benson was named in the Eagles squad for the 2022 Pacific Four Series in New Zealand. She was selected in the Eagles squad for the delayed 2021 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand.

2023
Benson made the Eagles traveling squad for their test against Spain, and for the 2023 Pacific Four Series. She was named on the bench in the Eagles 20–14 win against Spain.

title: Catherine Benson


text:
Space Is the Place (disambiguation)

Space Is the Place may refer to:
 * Space Is the Place, Afrofuturist science fiction film
 * Space Is the Place (soundtrack), an album by Sun Ra and His Intergalactic Solar Arkestra
 * Space Is the Place (Sun Ra album), 1973
 * Space Is the Place (Dahl/Andersen/Christensen album), 2012
 * "Space Is the Place," a song by Spacehog from their album Resident Alien

title: Space Is the Place (disambiguation)


text:
Niky Kamran

Niky Kamran (born May 22, 1959) is a Belgian and Canadian mathematician whose research concerns geometric analysis, differential geometry, and mathematical physics. He is a Distinguished James McGill Professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at McGill University.

Early life and education
Kamran was born in Brussels, Belgium. He earned a licentiate in mathematics from the Université libre de Bruxelles in 1980. He moved to Canada for graduate studies, earning a Ph.D. in 1984 from the University of Waterloo; his dissertation, titled Contributions to the Study of the Separation of Variables and Symmetry Operators for Relativistic Wave Equations on Curved Spacetime, was jointly supervised by Raymond G. McLenaghan and Robert Debever.

Career
In 1986 he became an assistant professor at Waterloo but then, after spending a year as a member of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, he moved to McGill in 1989. He was promoted to full professor in 1995, was awarded a James McGill Professorship in 2003 which he held until 2024, after which he was named Distinguished James McGill Professor as of 2024.

Kamran won the Aisenstadt Prize in 1992. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2002 and was awarded a Killam Fellowship from 2006 to 2008. In 2012, he became one of the inaugural Fellows of the American Mathematical Society. In 2014, Kamran was the winner of the CRM-Fields-PIMS prize, and in 2019 he was elected a member of the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium. That same academy had awarded him in 1988 the mathematics prize of its annual competition for a memoir on the equivalence problem of Élie Cartan and its applications.

title: Niky Kamran


text:
despotismo

Noun

 * 1) despotism government by a singular authority

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) despotism government by a singular authority

title: despotismo


text:
Talk:Eilean nan Gillean

Existence
Does this island exist? At least in the location/name specified by GeoNames, it seems to be part of the Plock of Kyle where the golf course is. I can find is a place on North Uist and a description of east of Eilean na Craoibh (which I also can't locate though there is Loch Eilean na Craoibhe Mòire in Highland but no where near Kyle but rather near Scourie. There is a mention in 1695 suggesting it could be Eilean Bàn? and more here, I can across this when checking articles for missing Commons categories.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 17:52, 29 November 2020 (UTC)
 * It's listed on page 349 of British Islands Pilot Volume IV as being 350 yards west of the Plock of Kyle, and also appears in the United Kingdom, Official Standard Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names, page 281. It also seems to have the name "Eilean nam Gillean". Does this help? CiphriusKane (talk) 16:25, 18 March 2021 (UTC)
 * No unfortunately that doesn't, I've had another look for it based on those sources and all came up negative, including some other names such as Doctor's Rock. It could be the island opposite Eileanan Dubha. Even if it does exist with only passing mentions and no mention on maps its unlikely to be notable. I found this when checking missing Commons categories. I guess I should probably start an AFD.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 17:37, 18 March 2021 (UTC)
 * It's an old name for Eilean Bàn. We don't need two separate articles. This one should redirect to the main article, or simply be deleted. See http://www.kyleakinlocalhistorysociety.co.uk/dates.html for an indication of the equivalence. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:21, 18 March 2021 (UTC) (M)
 * That makes sense, let's redirect it.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 18:27, 18 March 2021 (UTC)
 * If you know how to do that, please do! --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:30, 18 March 2021 (UTC) (M)
 * Done since the author hasn't replied and no one (apart from you) addressed the dubious tag. I'd noticed that Eilean Bàn didn't have a GeoNames entry.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 18:33, 18 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eilean nan Gillean


text:
Veronique Labonte

Veronique Labonte (born 15 September 1980) is a road cyclist from Canada. She participated at the 2012 UCI Road World Championships.

title: Veronique Labonte


text:
Mirjam van Praag

Mirjam van Praag (Schiedam, 11 November 1967) is a Dutch econometrician. She is the President of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.

Van Praag was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2020.

Biography
Mirjam van Praag is the younger daughter of the econometrician Bernard van Praag (born 1939) and Loes van Weezel (born 1940). Both of her parents are of Jewish descent and went into hiding to avoid capture by the Nazis and their collaborators. She grew up with her older sister (born 1964) near Rotterdam.

title: Mirjam van Praag


text:
User:Dsnoozer

I am an employee of the nonprofit CNA. My involvement in the CNA (nonprofit) Wikipedia article has been very limited, and I have attempted to comply with Wikipedia COI rules. I merged the CNA (nonprofit) and Center for Naval Analyses pages, acting on a recommendation proposed 2 years ago and seconded by 2 others. I did not rewrite as I edited. I corrected a few errors in the list of the board of trustees, which was out of date. I added the organization's logo and a photograph of its headquarters building. For the history, I took the long-standing histories of the two articles and merely combined the paragraphs. Then someone came along and deleted the entire history on the grounds that it violated copyright. To avoid the COI, I will not rewrite the history, but will rather propose a history with external references on the talk page for peer review.

title: User:Dsnoozer


text:
How To Search/NOT-NOT

NOT - NOT skunk NOT tomato This is a list of searches that use "NOT" for the NOT boolean operator. Typing the example above in a search box would find all items searched which have the word "skunk" but not the word "tomato" in it.

Search Engines/Software/Interfaces

 * ../BioMed Central/
 * ../Library of Congress/
 * ../MOBIUS Consortium/
 * ../OhioLINK/
 * ../PubMed/
 * ../Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/

title: How To Search/NOT-NOT


text:
Campo de Criptana

Campo de Criptana is a municipality and town in the province of Ciudad Real in the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha (Spain). It is found in the region known as La Mancha.

Historical development
The area surrounding Campo de Criptana has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Prehistoric implements of hunting, gathering, and agriculture have been found in various locations, as have ceramics, particularly from the Bronze Age. From historic times, the most plentiful remnants have been Ibero-Roman.

Settlement of the present city center of Campo de Criptana dates from the 13th century, though the municipal area was occupied by human beings much earlier. Numerous archaeological remains and historical documents attest to the existence of inhabited centers since the Bronze Age. There is evidence of settlements of some importance—at least since the Middle Ages—named Criptana, Villajos, Posadas Viejas and El Campo, as well as others of lesser significance, such as Villagordo, El Pico de la Solana, etc.

Criptana, located about two kilometers east of the present city center, was granted, under the name of Chitrana, by the Order of St. John in 1162 to the Toledo Mozarab nobleman Miguel Assaraff in order that it be resettled. Later it passed to the Order of Santiago, forming the center of an estate that also had property in Villajos and Pedro Muñoz. By the 14th century it was again depopulated.

Villajos, some four kilometers to the north of the current city center, had been peopled since prehistoric times. It appears in a citation from 1162, together with Chitrana, Spain, and Attires, as property of the Order of St. John. In various medieval documents it is mentioned under other names such as Villa de Alios and Villa de Ajos. It was depopulated from the 12th century, and the current hermitage was built over the original church of its city center.

Hardly any documented information exists about Posadas Viejas, except that it was situated near Camino de la Puente, south of the present railway line, and that it was depopulated around 1300.

El Campo grew up in the current location of the city center, around a fortified position of the Cerro (hill) de la Paz, which served as an outpost of the Castillo (Castle) de Criptana. Despite being at the time the newest center, arising with the repopulation in the 13th century, it attracted people from the surrounding centers, perhaps on account of the quality of its water and air. The towns referred to above disappeared, giving way to the new community. Named Campo de Criptana, it is first referred to in documents from the early 14th century.

Throughout the Middle Ages, the population of the town center grew, helped along by the facilities provided by the various maestres ("masters") of the Order of Santiago. The survey records of Philip II (1575) report some 1,000 households (between four and five thousand inhabitants), which by the first decade of the 17th century had risen to 1,300–1,500 households. From this time its population shows the unfortunate state of a rural society affected very severely by climate, epidemics of disease, poor harvests, and excessive taxation. The recovery was very slow until well into the 19th century.

Until the beginning of the 19th century, the local economy was based on traditional Mediterranean agriculture—grains, olives, and grapes—with the addition of wool. In the early 19th century there began to be a certain amount of industrialization related to the primary economy, in particular the manufacture of flour, and most of all, wine-making. The railway arrived in the second half of the 19th century and had a significant effect on this process of industrialization. In the second half of the 20th century tourism became a catalyzing new element of the local economy.

Until 1999 the municipal area also included Arenales de San Gregorio, which was situated 13 kilometers southeast of the main core, and had 700 inhabitants. After that date San Gregorio constituted an independent municipality.

Formation of the urban center
The 13th century beginnings of the urban center were situated around a fortified position in the Cerro de La Paz, which served as a defensive outpost of the Castillo de Criptana. The topographical features of the area determined the formation of the city and its subsequent expansion into the plain to the south.

In the 16th century the city experienced a period of prosperity that manifested itself in numerous construction projects, both civil (the Granary, Casa de la Tercia) and religious (Hermitages of the Virgen de la Paz, Veracruz, Santa Ana, and Nuestra Señora de la Concepción; Convento de las Carmelitas). However, the national crisis of the 17th century affected the city, which, once having reached the plain, halted its expansion.

In the initial third of the 19th century, having recovered from the effects of the Peninsular War (also known as the War of Spanish Independence), the municipality became an important agricultural center with a gradually rising population. This gave rise to a local bourgeoisie, which, benefitting from the confiscation of church property, strengthened its economic power in the second half of the 19th century and made possible the emergence of a historic, regionalist, and modern architecture which characterizes this period of city-building. These well-off families built their residences in the center of the city, leading to an urban renewal that manifested itself in particular in the change from the agrarian pattern in which large open fields predominated, to one in which the dominant areas were those that accommodated residential uses and the land was related to residential activity rather than agriculture.

The arrival of the railway in the second half of the 19th century led to the placement of the new industrial facilities in the southeast part of the core, near the train station.

During the first third of the 20th century the growth of the city continued inhabitation of the flatter areas and movement toward the south.

The municipal population reached its high point in the middle of the 20th century (15,659 inhabitants in 1950), with economic growth then coming to a halt as a consequence of emigration to the large cities (the municipality lost 2,369 inhabitants between 1950 and 1980). Expansion of the city ended; growth was limited to small developments along the southern border.

The last quarter of the 20th century saw a renewed, major expansion of the city, which in just over 20 years almost doubled the area that was occupied in the 1970s.

The resulting growth of residences (almost all single-family homes), industrial installations (in the extreme southeast area and in isolated pockets), and office buildings produced a mostly unplanned urban area with overall deficiencies in infrastructure. Since the approval of the first municipal planning regulations in 1981 (which involved the formal adoption of the decision to manage the city's development at the municipal level) the situation has been gradually improved.

Windmills
"At this point they caught sight of thirty or forty windmills which were standing on the plain..." Thus begins chapter VIII of Don Quixote. In Cervantes's time windmills were quite common. This view is undoubtedly the characteristic landscape of Campo de Criptana, presenting its silhouette from the Sierra de los Molinos and the Cerro de la Paz. A 19th century land registry drawn up at the behest of the Marqués de la Ensenada shows 34 windmills in existence at that time, each clearly marked with the name of the mill and that of its owner. Through archaeological remnants, we know that they had once been far more numerous.

Today, ten windmills can be seen from afar, with their original structure and machinery preserved. Visitors can tour the inside of the mills and listen to a presentation about their function. Other mills have been converted into museums: the Inca Garcilaso is a museum celebrating the working of the land, the Pilón is a museum of wine, the Quimera is dedicated to Vicente Huidobro, the Culebro to the actress Sara Montiel, and the Lagarto to poetry. The Poyatos windmill houses the Office of Tourism. Every Saturday one of the restored mills is put into operation.

In 1978, the entire group of windmills was declared a Monument of Historical-Artistic Interest, which today is referred to as a Cultural Heritage Site.

Pósito (Granary)
A pósito is a building for storing grain (especially wheat), that is, a granary. The granary as an institution is quite old, and was run by the local government. Its purpose was to provide grain to farm workers in difficult times, on terms favourable to the recipients, and furthermore to regulate the market for wheat whenever its price (and therefore that of bread) was increasing at an alarming rate.

The granary of Campo de Criptana is from the 16th century, and was renovated and enlarged by Charles III. The access door is on the main facade, which looks out over the plaza that carries the name of the building, Plaza del Pósito. At the midpoint it has an arch, decorated with a three-sided frame known as an alfiz, and above that three coats of arms, two of them of the Order of Santiago.

The granary was in use up to the Peninsular War (1808–1814), at which point it began to fall into disuse. The granary was auctioned off in 1914 and passed into private hands. In 1991 the local government re-acquired it and had it restored for use as a town museum, where expositions and cultural activities could take place. The restoration was carried out by a teaching workshop, which for its fine work received a diploma awarded by Europa Nostra in 1997.

Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción
A modern church, opened in 1958. The building was erected on the site of the 16th century church, which burned in 1936, during the Spanish Civil War.

Convent Church
A possession of the convent of the Barefoot Carmelites, which was confiscated in the 19th century through the law of Mendizábal. Its current appearance is a result of the renovations done in the 18th century according to the Jesuit church model. The transept has a cupola crowned by a lantern. A shrine to the Thousand and One Virgins, donated by the archbishop of Colonia in 1612, is still preserved.

Hermitage of the Virgen de la Paz
Found near the Cerro de la Paz, from where one can view a magnificent countryside. For several centuries it was dedicated to St. Christopher, who was the protector from the plagues. It is surrounded by a neighbourhood consisting of small white dwellings with a similar appearance to the hermitage. It has a rectangular layout with a single nave, and a ceiling with a groin vault. Besides this building, there are nine more hermitages surrounding Criptana:

 * Hermitage of Veracruz
 * Hermitage of Santa Ana
 * Hermitage of la Madre de Dios
 * Hermitage of San Cristóbal
 * Hermitage of the Concepción
 * Hermitage de San Sebastián
 * Hermitage de San Pedro
 * Hermitage of Cristo de Villajos
 * Hermitage of the Virgen de Criptana

Streets and neighbourhoods
All of the streets that encircle Cerro de la Paz follow the shape of the old town and are on a hillside, which makes Criptana different from other towns of La Mancha, all of which are on the plain.

At the end of the 16th century many Moorish families from Granada took refuge in the eastern part of the town and from that time the new neighbourhood has been known as the Albaicín, referring to the ancient neighbourhood of the same name in Granada. The houses still have their Arabic tiles, painted in white and indigo, and wrought iron grilles in the windows.

Festivals

 * Festival of the Santísima Virgen de Criptana (Easter Monday)
 * Festival of Santísimo Cristo de Villajos (first Thursday in August)
 * Carnival
 * Holy Week

Cuisine
Typical dishes include:

 * gachas manchegas (a fried pastry with chopped ham, garlic, paprika, sausage, etc.)
 * migas de pastor (fried bread crumbs with chopped ham, garlic, paprika)
 * cordero a la caldereta (lamb stew)
 * pisto manchego (a ratatouille-like dish)
 * garlic soup
 * scrambled eggs with onion and manchego cheese
 * arroz con duz frío (a typical dessert—cold rice with caramel)

title: Campo de Criptana


text:
Learning Java/File IO

File input/output is quite similar to the System.in and System.out that you already have begun using In Java, files can be represented by the class java.io.File.

Imports
To use the objects presented in this section please add

To the top of your .java file.

Files
Files are another type of variable. You can make a file like this: This does not return an exception if the file doesn't exist. To check if it does: This will return a boolean.

To check if it is a file or directory: For a full list of methods you can use, go to File (Java 8 documentation).

File Output
To write to a file, you can use a FileWriter or a FileOutputStream.

FileWriter
This class writes strings or char[] to a file. To create one: It is as simple to write. After you create a FileWriter you can write strings to that file:

After you're done with your FileWriter you can save and close it using

Writing this simple code into Java will result in unhandled error exceptions. Because the FileWriter constructor may throw exceptions (such as the file being write-protected) we need to ensure that our code handles these in the event of an error. This code will not compile if the constructor is not placed within a try-catch block as below:

Scanner
Scanner is a class that was made when it was decided by Sun that the java file IO API was too messy. Scanners make file IO significantly easier. To use Scanner, import the class from java.util:

The scanner is a sort of wrapper class for a File, FileInputStream, or String class. The constructor of Scanner takes one of these objects as a parameter, like so:

Scanner includes a number of member methods that make reading Files easy. You can use a scanner to get the next item of a certain type from a stream with the methods next, nextDouble, nextFloat, nextInt, nextLine, etc.... You can also determine if more of a certain type exist with the has* methods and read and search for regular expressions.

Some example code:

Using Strings and showing the use of extracting different data types

Delimiters
Scanner splits the elements of the File/String on Whitespace (spaces, tabs, endlines) by default. You can set the delimiter of the scanner using

Where we have chosen the semi-colon ";" as a delimiter.

Handling Errors and an Example Function
As with writing to files Java forces us to handle exceptions that can be produced if our Scanner is fed by a File or FileInputStream object. Note that this try-catch structure is not necessary if your scanner is only operating on a String. Sample code which handles this is below

Comma Separated Value Files
Because CSV is such a popular format it deserves special attention. In this case we want to separate the lines by endline-characters ('\n') and the entries within each line by commas (','). A common strategy is to use two scanners, one which reads lines from the file and another for each line which reads the individual entries.

title: Learning Java/File IO


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sacramento Rush (women's football)

The result was delete. North America1000 18:30, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

Sacramento Rush (women's football)

 * – ( View AfD View log  Stats )

I am finding no sources, WP:ROUTINE or otherwise that this team ever played or even existed (it was probably announced and deleted, but I found no evidence they ever played in the WFA). Falls far below the requirements of WP:GNG. Even the records from the on WP (which I know is not reliable) for the season records from 2010, 2011, and 2012 for the teams that played and the Rush is not among them. Yosemiter (talk) 12:26, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Strong delete I could only find one WP:ROUTINE source. Definitely fails WP:GNG. EMachine03 (talk) 13:11, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Women-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 01:30, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of American football-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 01:30, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: This debate has been included in the list of California-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 01:30, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

 * delete unable to find suitable online sources to pass WP:GNG. Anyone else?  Others have been known to be better at uncovering sources than me.--Paul McDonald (talk) 12:34, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Delete Hmlarson (talk) 02:10, 23 September 2017 (UTC)